EB. Bill IGtbrary irtli (Earnltna State ffinlleg? QK226 B7 FH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES S011 40804 I i o>f / m\ This book may be kept out TWO W ONLY, and is subject to a fine of CENTS a day thereafter. It is due day indicated below: S >0M— May-51— Form 3 THE BAHAMA FLOEA BY NATHANIED LORD BRITTON, Ph.D., Sc.D., LL.D. DIRECTOR-IN-CHIEF OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, PROFESSOR IN COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY AND C HARLES FREDERICK MILLSPAUGH, M.D. CURATOR OF BOTANY, FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NEW YORK PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHORS June 26, 1920 Copyright, 1920 By Nathaniel Lord Britton PRESS OF THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER, PA. CONTENTS PAGES Introduction ......... v-viii Bahama Flora ........ 1-645 Exploration and Collections ...... 646-655 Bibliography 656-662 Index • . . . 663-695 43i4r>i INTRODUCTION. The numerous Bahama Islands form an archipelago situated east of Florida and north of Cuba and Hispaniola, comprising 29 islands, 661 cays and 2387 rocks with a total land area of about 4424 square miles; the nearest island to the Florida coast is Gun Cay, distant about 40 miles nearly east from Cape Florida; the island nearest Cuba is the little Cay Sal, about 35 miles north, across the Nicholas Channel, while the nearest to Hispaniola is Great Inagua, lying about 60 miles north of Cape St. Nicholas. The axis of the archipelago is in a general way northwest and southeast, with a total Length of over 600 miles ; the greatest width, disregarding the islands of the outlying Cay Sal Bank, from Gun Cay to Man-of-War Cay, Abaco, is about 150 miles. The most northern cays of the Little Bahama Bank north of the Great Bahama Island are in north latitude about 27° 30' ; the south- ern side of Great Inagua is in north latitude about 20° 55'. Gun Cay is in west longitude about 79° 20'; cays of the Turk's Islands are in west longitude about 71° 10'. The many islands and cays stand on banks, in shallow water, with oceanic depths among and betw^een them. The region has, doubtless, been subjected to alternate periods of uplift and depres- sion in past geologic time, but the vertical movements have prob- ably been relatively small; during times of uplift, some of the present islands may have been connected, but there is no evidence that there ever w^as land connection with either Florida, Cuba or Hispaniola. Most of the islands are low, but hilly and rocky, tlie ranges of hills usually running lengthwdse of the island ; on New Provitlence, the hills rise to about 100 feet elevation ; on Cat Island, aneroid barometer readings indicated altitudes up to 205 feet (published records of greater elevations on Cat Island were not substantiated by our observations) ; on Watling's Island, hills rise to about 140 feet. Most of Andros, the Great Bahama and Abaco are low and nearly level. At points where the hills come to the sea there are bold rocky headlands, such as Columbus Bluff, at the southern end VI INTEODUCTION. of Cat Island. On the western side of Andros and on the southern side of New Providence are large areas known as ''swash," subject to overflow by the sea in storms. Beaches of white limestone sand are occasional, and the interior of parts of some of the islands is quite sandy (white-lands), notably Eleuthera, Little San Salvador and some of the Berry Islands. Large salt-water lakes at sea level, but without connection with the ocean, unless underground, are striking features on New Providence (Lake Cunningham) and on Watling's Island. Mangrove swamps are local along the coastal lines. There are no fresh-water streams, but fresh-water marshes exist on some of the larger islands. The rocks of the Bahama Islands are wholly aeolian limestone ; their surface is often greatly eroded into sharp "dog-tooth" pro- jections, and there are many "sink-holes," these sometimes 10 feet deep or deeper. Small caves are occasional. Where composed mainly of sand, the soil is often of considerable depth, but it is usually thin and meagre, often colored red or reddish (red-lands) by iron oxide leached from the limestone. There are extensive forests of the Caribbean Pine {Finns cari- haea), much reduced in recent years by lumbering, on the Great Bahama, Abaco, Andros and New Providence, and this tree occurs again on the Caicos Islands, but does not exist on any other islands of the Archipelago. On the larger islands, notably Andros, New Providence and Great Bahama, and on some of the smaller ones, hardwood forests (coppices) occur, sometimes wholly enclosed by pinelands, like the similar ' ' hammocks ' ' of southern Florida. These coppices are made up of a considerable variety of tall tree species. On most of the smaller islands, however, and in parts of the larger ones, the woody vegetation is wholly of shrubs and low trees, often of great density of growth, forming the "scrub-lands." Portions of these areas may have had larger trees upon them in the past, cut out for lumber and firewood, but over great areas there is no evi- dence of large trees ever having existed. Locally some of these areas are known as "low coppices." The relationships of the native Bahamian flora are, as would be expected, with those of Florida, Cuba and Hispaniola, and it may be assumed that the species which are in common have been trans- ported from one or another of the land masses by natural agencies of winds, migratory birds or oceanic currents. INTRODUCTION. Vll The flora as here recorded is composed of species as follows: Dahama Flora Endemic iSpermatophyta 995 133 Pteridophy ta 33 Bryophyta 69 1 Thallophy ta : Fungi 150 18 Lichens 197 19 Algae (incl. Diatomeae) . . 519 14 Myxomycetes 11 1982 185 The Fungi, except the Basidiomycetes, are as yet very incom- pletely known, many more lichens probably exist in the Bahamas, and the fresh-water and aerial algae have been little collected or studied. Practically nothing is known about the Bacteria. In addition to the numerous collections made by the authors, or under their supervision, the herbaria of the New York Botanical Garden and the Field Museum of Natural History contain the per- sonal herbarium of Mr. Lewis J. K. Brace and the prime set of the collections of Mrs. Northrop, Dr. W. C. Coker, Mr. Wm. Cooper, Mr. A. H. Curtiss, Mr. Alex. E. "Wight, Dr. J. T. Rothrock and Prof. F. S. Earle. In addition the Missouri Botanical Garden kindly loaned to the authors the complete original collection of Prof. A. S. Hitchcock. These collections enabled them to substan- tiate the species published in Dolley's ^'Provisional List of the Bahamas, etc."; Mrs. Northrop 's ''Flora of New Providence and Andros," and Coker 's "Vegetation of the Bahama Islands." The authors have also, at various intervals, been able to consult the col- lections of Catesby, Eggers, Hjalmarson, Daniell, Herrick, Allen, Barbour and Bryant, and others deposited in European and Amer- ican herbaria. This has rendered possible the critical notes and ob- servations recorded in the text concerning a large number of species heretofore erroneously accredited to the Bahamas. In addition to the exsiccatae mentioned above a complete series of living orchids, cacti and bromeliads, together with many other plants of special interest were brought into the Garden conserva- tories and there observed through several flowering seasons. The authors have not included cultivated species except such as have shown a strong tendency to become spontaneous. Viii INTEODUCTION. Grateful acknowledgment for assistance in the preparation of this volume is tendered to Dr. John K. Small, for critical compara- tive work as regards plants of Florida and for proof-reading; to Mr. Percy Wilson for bibliographical work, proof-reading and in- dexing ; to Mr. W. R. Maxon for information relative to the Ferns ; to Mrs. N. L. Britton for her contribution of the treatment of the Musci; to Professor Alexander W. Evans for his contribution of the Hepaticae ; to Professor Lincoln W. Riddle for the chapter on Lichens; to Dr. Marshall A. Howe and Mr. Frank S. Collins for the chapters on Algae; to Mr. Charles S. Boyer for the list of Diatoms; to Dr. Fred J. Seaver and Dr. William A. Murrill for their work on the Fungi ; and to Mr. L. J. K. Brace for many notes and for lists of common names of plants. Much information regard- ing species was also obtained from the Royal Gardens, Kew, Eng- land, and from the British Museum of Natural History, and is highly appreciated. THE BAHAMA FLORA All plants may be grouped in four main categories, known as Phj'la or Subkingdoms, as follows: Phylum 1. Spermatophyta, those which bear seeds, a seed being different from all other vegetable structures by containing an embryonic plantlet. All spermatophytes bear flowers of one kind or another, and this phylum is also called Anthophyta, or flowering plants and, to distinguish it from the three other phyla collectively, Phanerogamia. Phj^la 2, 3 and 4 taken together are called Cryptogamia ; all these are seedless. Phylum 2. Pteridophjrta, comprises ferns and fern allies; all are flowerless and have two separate and distinct alternating generations, the one represented by the fully developed plant having root, stem and leaves, with vascular tissue and bearing spores, a spore being a single vegetable cell capable of growing into a new plant ; the other, called the prothallium stage, is small, inconspicuous, growls from the spores, has no vascular tissue, is not differentiated into root, stem and leaves, and bears the sexual organs; from the female organ of the prothallium (archegonium) the fully developed spore-bearing plant again arises: the male organ, borne either on the same prothallium or on a different one, is called an antheridium. Phylum 3. Bryophjrta, consists of mosses and their allies; all are small flowerless plants with alternating sexual and non- sexual (spore-bearing) generations, but the spore-bearing genera- tion never becomes separated and independent; the sexual gen- eration is commonly the more conspicuous and is, in most cases, differentiated into stem and leaves, while the spore-bearing gen- eration is never thus differentiated ; their spores are borne in con- ceptacles termed capsules, and from the spores the plant again develops. Bryophytes consist almost wholly of cellular or non- vascular tissue. Phylum 4. Thallophyta, includes the algae, fungi and lichens ; 1 D. H. HILL UBRARY Nor* Carolina State Colleae 2 SPERMATOPHYTA. all are flowerless and their methods of reproducing and propaga- tion are varied. They contain no vascular tissue (except a few large algae) and the plant body is not differentiated into stem and leaves. Many of them are of microscopic size. Phylum 1. SPERMATOPHYTA. Seed-bearing Plants. Plants producing seeds which contain an embryo formed of one or more rudimentary leaves (cotyledons), a stem (hypocotyl, radicle), and a terminal bud (plumule), or these parts sometimes undifferentiated before germination. Microspores (pollen-grains) are borne in microsporanges (anther-sacs) on the apex or side of a modified leaf (filament) . The macrosporanges (ovules) are borne on the face of a flat or inrolled much modified leaf (carpel) and contain one macrospore (embryo-sac) ; this develops the minute female prothallium, an archegone of which is fertilized by means of a tube (pollen-tube), a portion of the male prothallium sprout- ing from the pollen-grain. There are two classes which differ from each other as follows : Ovules and seeds contained in a closed cavity (ovary) ; stigmas 1 or more. Class 1. AXGIOSPERMAE. Ovules and seeds borne on the face of a scale ; stigmas none. Class 2. Gymnospermae. Class 1. ANGIOSPERMAE. Ovules (macrosporanges) enclosed in a cavity (the ovary) formed by the infolding and uniting of the margins of a modified rudimentary leaf (carpel), or of several such leaves joined to- gether, in which the seeds are ripened. The pollen-grains (micro- spores) on alighting upon the summit of the carpel (stigma) germinate, sending out a pollen-tube which penetrates its tissues and reaching an ovule enters the orifice of the latter (micropyle), and its tip coming in contact with a germ-cell in the embryo-sac, fertilization is effected. In a few cases the pollen-tube enters the ovule at the chalaza, not at the micropyle. There are two sub-classes, distinguished as follows : Cotyledon one ; stem endogenous. Sub-class 1. Monocotyledones. Cotyledons normally two; stem (with rare exceptions) exogenous. Sub-class 2. Dicotyledoxes. TYPHACEAE. Sub-class 1. MONOCOTYLEDONES. Embryo with a single cotyledon and the first leaves of the germinating plantlet alternate. Stem composed of a ground-mass of soft tissue (parenchyma) in which bundles of wood-cells are irregularly imbedded ; no distinction into wood, pith and bark. Leaves usually parallel-veined, mostly alternate and entire, com- monly sheathing the stem at the base and often with no distinc- tion of blade and petiole. Flowers mostly 3-merous or 6-merous. t Carpels 1 ok more, distinct (united, at least partially, in Vallisneriaceae and others of the Naiadalos, which are aquatic herbs, in Ilydrocharitales and in some palms and Pandanales) ; parts of the usually imperfect flowers mostly unequal in number. Inflorescence various, not a true spadix. Leaves neither compound nor flabellate. Flowers not in the axils of dry chaffy scales. Endosperm mealy or fleshy ; perianth of bristles or chaffy scales, or want- ing ; flowers monoecious, spicate or capitate. Order Endosperm none, or very little. Perianth rudimentary, of 4 small sepals in Fotamoijeton, or none. Perianth present. Carpels distinct. Carpels united. Flowers in the axils of dry chaffy scales, ar- ranged in spikes or spikelets. Leaves pinnately or palmately compound, or fla- bellate ; trees or shrubs. Inflorescence a fleshy spadix, with or without a spathe ; or plants minute, floating free, the flowers few or solitary on the margin or back of the thallus. tt Carpels united into a compound ovary flowers mostly in 3's or 6's. Seeds with endosperm. Endosperm mealy ; ovary mostly superior. Endosperm fleshy or horny. Seeds without endosperm, very numerous and minute ; ovary inferior ; flowers very irregular. Order 10. Orchidales. 1. Pandanales. Order 2. Naiadales. Order Order Alismales. Hydrocharitales. Order 5. Poales. Order 6. Arecales. Order 7. Arales. parts of the usually complete Order Order Xyridales. LiLIALES. Order 1. PANDANALES. Our species aquatic or marsh plants, with narrow elongated leaves and very small, imperfect and incomplete flowers in spikes or heads. Perianth of bristles, or of chaffy scales. Ovary 1, 1-2-celled. Endo- sperm mealy or fleshy. The order takes its name from the tropical genus Pandanus, the so- called Screw-Pine. Family 1. TYPHACEAE J. St. Hil. Cat-tail Family. Marsh or aquatic plants with creeping rootstocks, fibrous roots and glabrous erect, terete stems. Leaves linear, flat, ensiform, stiiate, sheath- ing at the base. Flowers monoecious, densely crowded in terminal spikes, which are subtended by spathaceous, usually fugacious bracts, and divided at intei'\'als by smaller bracts, which are caducous, the staminate spikes uppermost. Perianth of bristles. Stamens 2-7, the filaments connate. 4 ZANNICHELLIACEAE. Ovary 1, stipitate, 1-2-cellecl. Ovules anatropous. Styles as many ini the cells of the ovaiy. Mingled among the stamens and pistils are bristly hairs, and among the pistillate flowers many sterile flowers with clavate tips. Fruit nut-like. Endosperm copious. The family comprises only the following genus : 1. TYPHA L. Sp. PI. 971. 1753. Characters of the family. [Name ancient.] About 10 species, widely dis- tributed in temperate and tropical regions. Type species: Typha latifolia L. 1. Typha angustifolia L. Sp. PI. 971. 1753. Typlia domingensis Pers. Syn. PI. 2: 532. 1807. Typha angustifolia domingensis Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I. 512. 1864. Stems slender, 1.5-3.5 m. high. Leaves narrowly linear, 3-20 mm. wide, erect, often as long as the stem; spikes light brown, the staminate and pistil- late portions usually separated, the two together sometimes 0.5 m. long, the pis- tillate, when mature, 6-16 mm. in diameter, and provided with bractlets; stig- mas linear or linear-oblong; pollen-grains simple; fruit not furrowed, not bursting in water; outer coat of the seed not separable. In fresh water or slightly brackish marshes, Great Bahama, Abaco, New Provi- dence, Andros, Eleuthera, Watling's Island : — Bermuda ; Jamaica ; Cuba to Tortola and Trinidad ; southern United States to Patagonia ; Europe ; Asia. Referred by Dolley to Typlia latifolia L. Cat-tail. Slag. Order 2. NAIADALES. Aquatic or marsh herbs, the leaves various. Flowers perfect, monoe- cious or dioecious. Perianth rudimentary, or wanting. Parts of the flower mostly unequal in number. Carpels 1 or more, distinct and separate or united; endosperm none, or very little. Carpels distinct. Fam. 1. Zannichelliaceae. Carpels 2, united, or 1 only. Fam. 2. Cymodoceaceae. Family 1. ZANNICHELLIACEAE Dumort. PoxDWEED Family. Perennial plants, the foliage mostly submerged. Leaves very narrow or broad. Flowers monoecious or perfect, small, and inconspicuous. Perianth present or none. Stamens 1-4, with extrorse anthers. Carpels 1-seeded. Fruit drupe-like. Endosperm none. Four genera and sixtj' or more species, mostly inhabiting fresh water. Perianth of 4 segments. 1. Potamogeton. Perianth wanting. 2. Ruppia. 1. POTAMOGETON L. Sp. PI. 126. 1753. Leaves alternate or the uppermost opposite, often of 2 kinds, submerged and floating, the submerged mostly linear, the floating coriaceous, lanceolate, ovate or oval. Spathes stipular, often ligulate, free or connate with the base of the leaf or petiole, enclosing the young buds and usually soon perishing after expanding. Peduncles axillary, usually emersed. Flowers small, spieate, green or red. Perianth-segments 4, short-clawed, concave, valvate. Stamens 4, ZANNICTIELLIACEAE. 5 inserted on the claws of the perianth-segments. Anthers sessile. Ovaries 4, sessile, distinct, 1-celled, 1-ovuled, attenuated into a short style, or with a sessile stigma. Fruit of 4 drupelets, the pericarp usually thin and hard or spongy. Seeds crustaceous, campylotropous, with an uncinate embryo thickened at the radicular end. [Greek, in allusion to the aquatic habitat.] About 65 species, mostly natives of temperate regions. Type species: Potaviogeton natans L. 1. Potamogeton heterophyllus Schreb. Spic. Fl. Lips. 21. 1771. Stems slender, compressed, much branched, sometimes 4 m. long. Floating leaves pointed at the apex, mostly rounded or subcordate at the base, 1.5- 10 cm. long, 8-30 mm. wide, 10-18-nerved, on petioles 2-10 cm. long; submerged leaves pellucid, sessile, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, cuspidate, rather stiff, 2-15 cm. long, 2-16 mm. wide, 3-9-nerved, the uppermost often petioled; peduncles often thickened upward, sometimes clustered; stipules spreading, obtuse, 1.5-2.5 cm. long; spikes 1.8-4 em. long; fruit roundish or obliquely obovoid, 2-3 mm. long, 1-2 mm. thick, indistinctly 3-keeled; style short, obtuse, apical; apex of the embryo nearly touching the base, pointing slightly inside of it. In fresh water pools and ditches. Great Bahama, Andros, New Providence, Great Exuma : — North America and Europe. Pondweed. 2. RUPPIA L. Sp. PI. 127. 1753. Slender, widely branched aquatics with capillary stems, slender alternate 1-nerved leaves tapering to an acuminate apex, and with membranous sheaths. Flowers on a capillary spadix-like peduncle, naked, consisting of 2 sessile anthers, each with 2 large separate sacs attached by their backs to the peduncle, having between them several pistillate flowers in 2 sets on opposite sides of the rachis, the whole cluster at first enclosed in the sheathing base of the leaf. Stigmas sessile, peltate. Fruit a small obliquely-pointed drupe, several in each cluster and pedicelled; embryo oval, the cotyledonary end inflexed, and both that and the hypocotyl immersed. [Name in honor of Heinrich Bernhard Eupp, a German botanist.] In the development of the plants the staminate flowers drop off and the peduncle elongates, bearing the pistillate flowers in 2 clusters at the end, but after fertilization it coils up and the fruit is drawn below the surface of the water. Three or four species, widely distributed, the following typical. 1. Ruppia maritlma L. Sp. PI. 127. 1753. Stems usually whitish, often 1 m. long, the internodes irregular, naked. Leaves 2-8 cm. long, 1.5 mm. or less wide; sheaths with a short free tip; peduncles in fruit sometimes 0.3 m. long; pedicels 4-6 in a cluster, 1-3.5 cm. long; drupes with a dark hard shell, ovoid, about 2 mm. long, often oblique or gibbous at the base, pointed with the long style, but varying much in shape ; forms with very short peduncles and pedicels, and with broad, strongly marked sheaths occur. In shallow salt and brackish water throughout the archipelago : — Coast of Eastern North America ; Bermuda ; Cuba to Trinidad ; temperate and tropical regions of the O'd World. Ditch-giiass. 6 CYMODOCEACEAE. Family 2. CYMODOCEACEAE Kerner. Manatee-grass Family. Submerged marine perennial herbs, with long rootstoeks. Leaves linear, sheathing. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, solitary or cymose. Staminate flowers of 2 long-pedicelled anthers, the anthers 2-celled, longitudinally de- hiscent. Pistillate flowers of 1 or 2 carpels, the 1 or 2 stigmas fihform. Fruit nut-like, 1-seeded. Two known genera, the following. stigmas "1 ; leaves mostly terete. 1. Cymodocea. Stigma 1 ; leaves flat. 2. Halodule. 1. CYMODOCEA Konig; Konig & Sims, Ann. Bot. 2: 96. 1805. Leaves terete in our species, acute. Flowers dioecious. Pistillate flowers of 2 carpels; stigmas 2. Seed pendulous. [Named for Cymodoee, one of the Nereids.] Type species: Cymodocea aequorea Konig. 1. Cymodocea manatomm Aschers. Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Freunde, 1868: 19. 1868. Eootstock branched, rooting at the nodes. Leaves 0.4-3.2 dm. long, terete or nearly so, about 2 mm. thick, their bases enclosed by membranous stipular sheaths 1-5 cm. long. Shallow salt water, Great Bahama, Abaco, Mariguana : — Bermuda ; Florida ; West Indies. Manatee-grass. 2. HALODULE Endl. Gen. 1368. 1841. Marine perennials with jointed rootstoeks and linear, flat sheathing leaves, the small flowers dioecious. Perianth wanting. Staminate flower of 2 anthers unequally attached to a pedicel. Pistillate flower a solitary naked carpel; style short; stigma one, slender. Fruit globular, small. [Greek, referring to the saline habitat.] A few species of tropical and subtropical waters. Type species: DiplantJiera tridentata Steinh. 1. Halodule Wrightii Aschers. Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Freunde, 1868: 19. 1868. DipJanthera Wrightii Aschers. in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. Nachtr. 37. 1897. Eootstock slender, nearly white, 3 dm. long or longer, copiously rooting at the nodes. Leaves narrowly linear, 1 mm. wide or less, acute, sheathing at the base, the searious sheath 1-3 cm. long; anthers about 6 mm. long; fruit nearly black. Shallow salt water, Rose Island, Eleuthera, Mariguana : — Florida ; Cuba ; Porto Rico ; St. Thomas ; St. Croix ; Jamaica ; Martinique ; Panama. Order 3. ALISMALES. Acjuatic or uliginous herbs, mostly acaulescent and with rootstoeks. Leaves alternate, mostly basal, broad or narrow. Flowers perfect, monoe- cious or dioecious, clustered. Calyx of 3 sepals. Corolla of 3 thin petals, or sometimes wanting. Stamens several or many; filaments slender or short; anthers with inconspicuous connectives. Pistils few to many, dis- tinct; ovary superior; style stout or slender; stigma small. Frait a head of achenes in the following family. ALISMACEAE. 7 Family 1. ALISMACEAE DC. Water-Plantain Family. Aquatic or marsh herbs, mostly glabrous, with fibrous roots, seapose stems and basal loiig-petioled sheathing- leaves. Inflorescence racemose or paniculate. Flowers pedieelled, the pedicels verticillate and subtended by bracts. Receptacle flat or convex. Sepals 3, persistent. Petals 3, larger, deciduous, imbricated in the bud. Stamens 6 or more; anthers 2-celled, extrorse or dehiscing- by lateral slits. Ovaries 1-celled, usually with a single ovule in each cell. Carpels becoming- achenes in fruit in our species. Seeds uncinate-curved. Embryo horseshoe-shaped. Endosperm none. Latex- tubes are found in all the species, according to Micheli. About 13 genera and 70 species, of wide distribution in fresh water swamps and streams. Flowers perfect. 1. Echinodorus. Flowers monoecious or dioecious. 2, Safjittaria. 1. ECHINODORUS Eichard; Engelm. in A. Gray, Man. 460. 1848. Perennial or annual herbs with long-petioled elliptic, ovate or lanceolate, often cordate or sagittate leaves, 3-9-ribbed and mostly punctate with dots or lines. Scapes often longer than the leaves; inflorescence racemose or panicu- late, the flowers verticillate, "each verticil with 3 outer bracts and numerous inner bracteoles. Flowers perfect; sepals 3, distinct, persistent; petals white, deciduous; receptacle large, convex or globose; stamens 12-30; ovaries numer- ous; style obliquely apical, persistent; stigma simple. Fruit achenes, more or less compressed, coriaceous, ribbed and beaked, forming spinose heads. [Greek, in allusion to the spinose teads of fruit.] About 14 species, mostly natives of America. Type species: Echinodorus rostratus Engelm. 1. Echinodorus cordifolius (L.) Griseb. Kar. 109. 1857. Alisvm cordifoUa L. Sp. PI. 343. 1753. Echinodorus rostratus Engelm. in A. Gray, Man. 460. 1848. Leaves variable in form, often broadly ovate, obtuse, cordate at the base, 15-20 cm. long and wide, but in smaller plants sometimes nearly lanceolate, acute at each end and but 2-5 cm. long; petioles angular, striate; scapes 1 or more, erect, 12-40 cm. tall; flowers 3-6 in the verticils; pedicels erect after flowering; sepals shorter than the heads; petals 4—6 mm. long; stamens often 12; styles longer than the ovary; fruiting heads bur-like, 4-6 mm. in diameter; achenes about 3 mm. long, narrowly obovate or falcate, 6-8-ribbed; beak apical, oblique, about one-half the length of the achene. In sink-holes and fresh water swamps, Andros, Cat Island. Watling's Island, Crooked Island, Acklin's Island, Fortime Island. Great Exuma. Grand Turk : — South- eastern United States ; Jamaica ; Cuba to St. Thomas and Barbadoes. Buk-heiad. 2. SAGITTARIA L. Sp. PI. 903. 1753. Perennials, mostly with tuber-bearing or nodose rootstocks, basal long- petioled nerved leaves, the nerves connected by numerous veinlets, and erect, decumbent or floating scapes, or the leaves reduced to bladeless phyllodes. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, borne near the summits of the scapes in verticils of 3 's, pedieelled, the staminate usually uppermost. Verticils 3-bracted. Sepals 8 ELODEACEAE. persistent, those of the pistillate flowers reflexed or spreading in our species. Petals 3, white, deciduous. Stamens inserted on the convex receptacle; stami- nate flowers sometimes with imperfect ovaries. Pistillate flowers with numerous distinct ovaries, sometimes with imperfect stamens; ovule solitary; stigmas small, persistent. Achenes numerous, densely aggregated in globose or sub- globose heads, compressed. Seed erect, curved. [Latin, referring to the arrow-shaped leaves of some species.] About 40 species, natives of temperate and tropical regions. Type species: Sagittaria sagittifoUa L. 1. Sagittaria lancifolia L. PL Jam. Pug. 27. 1759. Monoecious, glabrous; scape rigid, erect, stout or rather slender, striate, branched or simple, longer than the leaves. Leaves lanceolate or oblong- lanceolate, acute or acuminate at both ends, firm, entire, the blades 5-9-nerved, 0.2-0.4 m. long, gradually narrowed into the long petioles, apparently pinnately veined; flowers numerous, 1-2,5 cm. broad; bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate, usually not united at the base, glabrous or nearly so, equalling or shorter than the fruiting pedicels; stamens numerous; filaments cobwebby-pubescent, equalling or longer than the anthers; achene narrowly obovate-cuneate, 2-3 mm. long, winged on both margins, its sides smooth, its beak tapering, oblique. In fresh writer or slightlv brackish swamps and savannas, New Providence. Andros, Great Bahama : — Southern United States to Argentina ; Jamaica ; Cuba to Barbadoes. Lance-leaved Sagittaria. Order 4. HYDRO CHARIT ALES. Floating or more or less emersed herbs, perennial by rootstocks or stolons. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, arising from spatlies. Perianth of 2 dissimilar series of parts or the corolla wanting. Stamens 3-12. Carpels 3-15, united. Ovary inferior, with several parietal placentae or several-celled. EndospeiTQ none. Ovary 1-ceIled, with 2-5 parietal placentae ; stigmas 3-5. Fam. 1. Elodeaceab. Ovary 6-9-celled ; stigmas 6-9. Fam. 2. Hydeocharitaceae. Family 1. ELODEACEAE Dumort. Tape-grass Family. Stoloniferous or rliizomatous aquatics, fresh-water or marine, submerged or the leaves sometimes floating. Leaves various, opposite, verticillate or fascicled. Flowers small, regular or nearly so, monoecious, dioecious or polygamous, enclosed in a spathe composed of 1-3 bracts. Calyx of the pistillate flowers with a tube and 3 lobes or sepals, that of staminate flowers often small or obsolete. Petals 3 or wanting. Stamens 3-12 ; fila- ments short or the anthers sessile. Pistil 1 ; ovary 1-celled with 2-5 parietal placentae ; ovules usually numerous. Fruit small, indehiscent. Seeds with- out endosperm. 1. HALOPHILA Thouars; Gaud, in Freye. Voy. 429. 1829. Submerged or floating marine herbs, with slender rootstocks, branched stems and opposite or whorled, petioled leaves, the dioecious flowers solitary in spathes. Staminate flower peduncled, with 3 sepals, and 3 stamens with nearly HYDROCHARITACEAE. 9 sessile, extrorse anthers. Pistillate flower sessile, with 3 very small sepals, a 1-eelled, beaked ovary and a S-parted style. Fruit enclosed in the spathe. Seeds numerous, the embryo with spirally bent cotyledons. [Greek, salt-loving. J About 7 species of tropical distribution. Type species: Caulinia ovalis R. Br. 1. Halophila Engelmanni Aschers. in Neumayer, Anleit. Wiss. Beob. 368. 1875. Rootstocks buried in sand or mud in water up to 4 m. deep or deeper, branched, the slender stems 3-6 dm. long. Leaves linear-oblong to oblanceolate, mostly whorled at the ends of the branches, short-petioled, 1-3 cm. long, 3-6 mm. wide, obtuse or acutish at the apex, narrowed at the base, 3-nerved, finely and sharply serrulate; pistillate flowers axillary, enclosed by 2 lanceolate bracts, the hypanthium flask-shaped, about 8 mm. long, the sepals minute, the 3 stigmas filiform, about 3 cm. long; staminate flowers unknown. In salt water, often washed ashore, Abaco, North Bimini, Rose Island, Great Exuma : — Florida ; Cuba. Halophila. Family 2. HYDROCHARITACEAE Aschers. Frog's-bit Family. Submerged or floating aquatic herbs, the leaves various. Flowers regu- lar, mostly dioecious, appearing from an involucre or spathe of 1-3 bracts or leaves. Perianth 3-6-parted, the segments either all petaloid or the 3 outer ones small and herbaceous, the tube adherent to the ovary at its base in the pistillate flowers. Stamens 3-12, distinct or monadelphous. Anthers 2-celled. Ovary 6-9-celled. Styles 6-9, with entire or 2-cleft stigmas. Ovules anatropous or orthotropous. Fruit ripening under water, inde- hiscent. Seeds numerous, wdthout endosperm. About 14 genera and 40 species of wide distribution in wanii and temperate regions. 1. THALASSIA Banks; Konig & Sims, Ann. Bot. 2: 96. 1805. Marine herbs, with elongated rootstocks. Leaves several at a joint, sheath- ing at the base, linear, elongated, the scape arising from the cluster of leaves. Flowers dioecious, solitary in narrow spathes of two bracts, these united into a tube at the base. Staminate flowers long-pedicelled; perianth of 3 petaloiil sepals; stamens 6; filaments very short; anthers opening laterally. Pistillate flower nearly sessile in the spathe, caducous; ovary 6-9-celled, beaked. Fruit stalked, rugose or nearly echinate, opening by many valves. Seeds numerous. [Greek, referring to its growth in the ocean.] Two known species, the follow- ing typical. 1. Thalassia testudiuum Konig; Konig & Sims, Ann. Bot. 2: 96. ISOo. Submersed, glabrous. Rootstocks creeping, elongated; stems short, arising from the nodes of the rootstock; leaves 2-5, sheathing the stem; blades linear, strap-like, 0.5-3 dm. long, obtuse, withering-persistent; scapes solitary, central; fruit globose or oval, echinate-pubescent, pointed. In shallow salt water, Andros and New Providence to Watling's Island and Inagua : — Bermuda ; Florida ; throughout the West Indies. Turtle-guass. Catesby. 2 ; pi. 38. 2 10 POACEAE. Order 5. POALES. Grasses and sedges. Monoeotyledonous plants, mostly herbaceous, with leafy or leafless, usually simple, stems (culms), the leaves usually narrow and elongated, entire or minutely serrulate. Flowers mostly perfect, small, incomplete, in the axils of dry, chaffy scales (glumes) arranged in spikes or spikelets. Fruit a caryopsis (grain) : culm mostly hollow. Fam. 1. Poaceae. Fruit an achene ; culm solid. Fam. 2. Cypeeaceae. Family 1. POACEAE R. Br. Grass Family. Annual or perennial herbs, of various habit, rarely shrubs or trees. Culms (stems) generally hollow, but occasionally solid, the nodes closed. Leaves sheathing, the sheaths usually split to the base on the side oppo- site the blade; a scarious or cartilaginous ring, naked or hairy, rarely wanting, called the ligule, is borne at the orifice of the sheath. Inflo- rescence spicate, racemose or paniculate, consisting of spikelets composed of two to many 2-ranked imlDricated bracts, called scales (glumes), the two lowest in the complete spikelet always empty, one or both of these sometimes wanting. One or more of the upper scales, except sometimes the teiminal ones, contains in the axil a flower, which is usually enclosed by a bract-like awnless organ called the palet, placed opposite the scale and with its back toward the axis (rachilla) of the spikelet, generally 2- keeled; sometimes the palet is present without the flower, and vice versa. Flowers perfect or staminate, sometimes monoecious or dioecious, sub- tended by 1-3 minute hyaline scales called the lodieules. Stamens 1-6, usualh' 3. Anthers 2-celled, versatile. Ovary 1-celled, 1-ovuled. Styles 1-3, commonly 2 and lateral. Stigmas hairy or plumose. Fruit a seed- like grain (caryopsis). Endosperm starchy. About 3500 species widely distributed throughout the world, growing in water and on all kinds of soil. Those yielding food-grains are called cereals. The species are more nu- merous in tropical countries, w^hile the number of individuals is much greater in temperate regions, often forming extended areas of turf. A. Spikelets articulated below the empty scales or below a subtending involucre, or attached to and deciduous with the internodes of a readily disarticulating rachis, 1-flowered, or if 2-flowered the lower flower imperfect. 1. Fruiting scale and palet hyaline, thin, more delicate than the empty scales. * Spikelets unisexual, the pistillate borne in the lower, the staminate in the upper, part of the same spike. 1. Tripsaciim. ** Spikelets in pairs, one sessile and perfect, the other pedicellate and sometimes perfect, more commonly staminate or empty, or sometimes reduced to a single scale, or wanting. Axis of the racemes continuous. 2. Imperata. Axis of the racemes articulated. Raceme single : pedicels and internodes of the rachis club-shaped. 3. Schizachyrium. Racemes in pairs or more ; pedicels and rachis- internodes filiform. 4. Anclropogon. 2. Fruiting scale and palet never hyaline and thin, as firm as the empty scales, or firmer. 1. Spikelets prickly. 5. Xazia. 2. Spikelets not prickly, but sometimes enclosed in a spiny involucre. POACEAE. 11 * Spikelets in clusters of 8 or 4, the empty scales forming a false involucre. ** Spikelets otherwise arranged. t Spikelets not sunken in the rachis. t Spikelets without a subtending involucre of bristles or valves. § Scales awnless. Fruiting scale chartaceous. the mar- gins hyaline and tiat. Racemes in whorls, or approximate at the summit of the stem ; outer scales of the spikelet with short hairs or glabrous. Racemes on an elongated axis; outer scales of the spikelet clothed with long hairs exceed- ing the spikelet. Fruiting scale indurated, rigid, the margins inrolled and not hyaline. Opening in the fruiting scale turned toward the rachis. Opening in the fruiting scale turned away from the rachis. Spikelets plano-convex, arranged in secvmd racemes, of 3 scales. Spikelets unequally bi-convex, in panicles, or rarely in secund racemes, of 4 scales5. Culms herbaceous. Culms woody. §§ Scales, or some of them, awned or awn- pointed. Third scale awned or awn-pointed, the second and first scales awnless or with awns successively shorter. Third scales awnless or awn-pointed, the second and first scales with awns successively longer. tt Spikelets with an involucre. Involucre of bristles. Bristles persistent ; spikelets de- ciduous. Bristles deciduous with the spikelets. Involucre of 2 spine-bearing valves. tt Spikelets sunken in one side of a flat thick rachis. B. Spikelets articulated above the empty persistent scales, 1-many-flowered. 1. Stems herbaceous, hence annual : leaves scattered. * Spikelets of 8 scales, 1 -flowered. Flowering scale awned, closely embracing the grain. Awns 3. Awn 1. Flowering scales awnless, the grain dropping from it when mature. ** Spikelets of 4 or more scales, usually with "J or more flowers. t Spikelets in 2 rows, forming 1 -sided spikes or racemes. Spikelets wholly deciduous. Spikelets not wholly deciduous. 1 perfect flower in each spikelet. No empty scales above the flowers, l-several empty scales above the flower. Spikes in whorls or closely approxi- mate. Second emptv scale acute : awn of the flowering scales usually long. Second empty scale truncate or 2- toothed : flowering scales awnless or awn-pointed. Spikes remote. 2_several perfect flowers in each spikelet. Spikelets densely crowded ; spikes digitate. Spikes with terminal sjiikclets. Spikes with the rachis extending beyond the spikelets In a naked point. G. Anthiiiliora. 7. Synthcrisina. 8. Vulota. 9. Axonopun. 10. Paspulum. 11. Panicum. 12. Lasiucis. 13. Echinochloa. 14. OijUsmcnus. 15. Chactochloa. 1(5. Ccnchropsis. 17. Ccnchrus. 18. Stvnotuphnim. in. Aristida. 2(1. Muhhnhcryia. 21. Sporohohis. 22. SparUna. 23. Capriohi. 24. Chloris. 25. Eustachiis. 2G. Boutcloua. 27. Eh'usinc. 28. Dactyloctcniutn. 12 POACEAE. Spikelets alternate ; spikes remote. 29. Leptochloa. ft Spikelets in open or spike-like panicles or racemes. Rachilla with tiairs longer than the flowering scales and enveloping them ; tall reed-like grasses. 30. Phragmites. Rachilla and flowering scales glabrous. Flowering scales 3-nerved ; first 2 scales of the spikelets empty. Inflorescence of long branches, along which the appressed spikelets are arranged on short pedicels : lateral nerves of the flowering scales pubescent. 31. Diplachne. Inflorescence an open or contracted pan- icle, rarely racemose ; lateral nerves of the flowering scale glabrous. 32. Eragrostis. Flowering scales 5-many-nerved ; first 2-6 scales of the spikelets empty. Plants not dioecious ; spikelets flat, 2-edged. 33. Uniola. Plants dioecious ; spikelets compressed. 34. Distichlis. 2. Stems woody, perennial ; leaves on short branches which form dense whorls at the nodes. 35. ArthrosU/Udium. 1. TRIPSACUM L. Sjst. Nat. ed. 10, 1261. 1759. Tall perennial grasses with thick rootstocks, rather broad, flat leaves and monoecious flowers. Spikelets 1-2-flowered, in terminal or axillary, solitary or clus- tered, elongated spikes. Staminate spikelets in 2 's at each node of the upper part of the axis, 2-flowered, consisting of four scales, the two outer coriaceous, the two inner thinner, the palet hyaline; stamens 3. Pistillate spikelets in excavations at the lower joints of the spike, 1-flowered; stigmas exserted; style slender. Grain partly enclosed in the excavations of the spikes, covered in front by the horny exterior lower scale. [Name from the Greek, in allusion to the polished outer scales.] About 7 species, natives of America, the following typical. 1. Tripsacum dactyloides L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 1261. 1759. Rootstock 1.25-2.5 cm. thick; culms stout, erect, 1-2 m. tall. Leaves smooth and glabrous, 3 dm. or more long, 1.25-3.75 cm. wide; spikes terminal, and in the upper axils, solitary or 2-3 together, 1-1.25 dm. long; outer scales of the staminate spikelets linear and obtuse, 8 mm. long, about 2 mm. wide, faintly many-nerved; exterior scale of the pistillate spikelets horny, shining. Scrub-lands, Inagua : — Rhode Island to Nebraska, Florida and Texas ; Hispaniola ; Trinidad ; Mexico ; South America. Gama-grass. 2. IMPERATA Cirillo, PI. Ear. Neap. 2: 26. 1792. Perennial grasses with elongated leaves, the spikelets in dense terminal spike-like, silvery-hairy panicles. Spikelets 1-flowered, rarely 2-flowered, un- equally pedicellate in pairs; scales 4, thin, hyaline, awnless, the 2 outer ones empty, pilose, the third glabrous, usually empty, the fourth glabrous, subtend- ing a perfect flower and its 2-nerved palet. Stamens 1 or 2. Styles distinct, stigmas plumose. [Commemorates Ferrante Imperate, Italian naturalist of the sixteenth century.] About 5 species of tropical distribution. Type species: Lagurus cylindricus L. 1. Imperata brasiliensis Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 331. 1832. Culms 8 dm. high, or less; sheaths glabrous; leaf-blades erect, 1-4 dm. long, less than 1 cm. wide, the upper surface densely hirsute near the base, the POACEAE. 13 apex long-acuminate, the base narrowed; panicle 1-2 dm. long, 2-3 cm. thick, obtuse, its branches erect or nearly so; spikelets 3-4.5 mm. long, the subtend- ing hairs about t^vice as long, nearly white. Borders of savannas, Andros, New Providence and Eleuthera : — Florida ; Cuba ; continental tropical America. Silver-plume Grass. 3. SCHIZACHYEIUM Nees, Agrost. Bras. 331. 1829. Annual or perennial grasses, the spikelets in spike-like racemes, terminat- ing the culm or its branches. Rachis articulated, the internodes cup-shaped or appendaged, the basal callus barbed. Spikelets in pairs at each node of the rachis, one sessile, the other stalked, the sessile one dorsally compressed, 1-flow- ered, the flower perfect; first scale 2-keeled with infolded margins, the second awnless or bristle-tipped, the third 2-nerved or nerveless, the fourth usually 2-cleft, usually bearing a bent awn. Stalked spikelet usually flowerless. Stamens mostly 3. Styles distinct; stigmas plumose. [Greek, cleft-chafif.] Some 40 species, or more, of tropical and subtropical America. Type species: Andropogon irevifolins Sw. Leaf-blades flat, or sometimes conduplicate when dry, never terete ; racemes glabrous or nearly so. 1. ,S'. sciniberhc. Leaf-blades terete ; racemes long-hairy. 2. S. yracilc. 1. Schizachyrium semiberbe Xees, Agros. Bras. 336. 1829. Andropogon scmiberhis Kunth, Enum. 1: 489. 1833. Perennial; culms glabrous, branched, erect, 6-12 dm. high; leaves glabrous; sheaths compressed, keeled; blades 1-3 dm. long, 2-5 mm. wide; racemes nar- row, 5-8 cm. long, the internodes of the rachis as long as the sessile spikelets or shorter, glabrous or nearly so; sessile spikelets 5-7 mm. long, the first scale glabrous' or with a few short hairs, its infolded margins touching, the third and fourth scales ciliate, the fourth 2-cleft nearly to the base, its awn 12-15 mm. long; stalked spikelet of one hispidulous scale about 3 mm. long, with an awn about as long. Pine-lands, New Providence : — Florida ; Cuba ; Hispaniola : Porto Rico ; Trini- dad : South America. Recorded by Coker as Andropogon tener Kunth. Stiff Beard-grass. 2. Schizachyrium gracile (Spreng.) Nash, in Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 60. 1903. Andropogon gracilis Spreng. Syst. 1: 284. 1825. Perennial, tufted, glabrous, except the inflorescence; culms slender, branched, 2-6 dm. high. Sheaths striate ; leaf-blades 2 dm. long or less, terete, less than 1 mm. in diameter; racemes long-stalked, 3-5 cm. long, the rachis clothed with long silky hairs; sessile spikelet 5-6 mm. long, the first scale char- taceous with hispidulous keels, the second scale acute, the fourth 2-cleft, bearing an awn 13-20 mm. long; stalked s]3ikelet of one short-awned scale 1-2.5 mm. long. Pine-lands and' scrub-lands. Abaco. Great Bahama. Andros. Now rrovi(it>n(M'. Eleuthera, Cat Island. North Caicos : — Florida ; Jamaica ; Hispaniola ; Porto Rico ; Cuba ; Guadaloupe. Slender Beard-grass. 4. ANDROPOGON L. Sp. PI. 1045. 1753. Perennial grasses with usually long narrow leaves, and terminal and axil- lary racemes. Spikelets in pairs at each node of the jointed hairy rachis, one sessile, and perfect, the other with a pedicel and either staminate, empty or 14 POACEAE. reduced to a scale, or none. Perfect spikelet consisting of 4 scales, the outer 2 coriaceous, the second keeled and acute, the two inner hyaline, the fourth more or less awned and subtending a palet and perfect floT\-er. Stamens 1-3. Grain free. [Greek, in allusion to the bearded rachis.] About 150 species, widely distributed in tropical and temperate regions. Type species: Andropogon hirtum L. Branches of the inflorescence crowded at the summit of the stem in 1 or more dense corymbiform clusters. 1. A. glomerulus. Branches of the inflorescence scattered along the stem in a long narrow panicle. 2. A. virginicus. 1. Andropogon glomeratus (Walt.) B. S. P. Prel. Cat. X. Y. 67. 1888. Cinna glomerata Walt. Fl. Car. 59. 1788. Andropogon tenuispatJieiis Nash, X. A. Fl. 17: 113. 1912. Culms 1.5 dm. high or less, much branched, the ultimate flowering branches forming oblong corymbiform clusters, the nodes of the secondary branches densely barbed. Sheaths keeled; leaf-blades 4 dm. long or less, 3-7 mm. wide; spathes 2.5-3 cm. long, glabrous; racemes in pairs, 1-2 cm. long; sessile spikelet 3-4 mm. long, the awn 10-15 mm. long; pedicellate spikelet a rudimentary scale, or wanting. Pine-lands, scrub-lands, and savannas, Abaco. Andros, New Providence, Eleuth- era, Acklin's Island, Fortune Island, Crooked Island, Mariguana, Inagua : — south- eastern United States : Mexico : West Indies : tropical continental America. Re- ferred by Dolley to Anatherum macrurum, following Grisebach. Bushy Beard- grass. Bed-grass. 2. Andropogon virginicus L. Sp. PI. 1046. 1753. Culms tufted, 5-10 dm. tall, many times longer than the basal leaves; sheaths, at least the lower ones, more or less tuberculate-hirsute on the margins ; leaves 4 dm. long or less, more or less hirsute on the upper surface near the base; spathes 3-5 cm. long, racemes generally in pairs, 2-3 cm. long; sessile spikelet 3-4 mm. long, the awn 10-15 mm. long; pedicellate spikelet wanting or rarely present as a minute scale. Pine-lands and white-lands. Abaco. Elbow Cav, Great Bahamas. Great Sturrup Cay, New Providence, and Watling's Island : — Bermuda ; Massachusetts to Missouri and southward to Mexico; Cuba; Hispaniola ; Jamaica. Virginia Beard-grass. 5. NAZIA Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 31, 581. 1763. Annual grasses, diffusely branched, with flat leaves and 1-flowered deciduous spikelets, either solitary or in clusters of 3-5 in a terminal spike. Scales of spikelet 2 or 3, the outermost small or wanting, the second rigid and' covered with hooked prickles, the third membranous, subtending a palet and perfect flower. [Name unexplained.] Two species, of tropical and temperate regions. Type species: Cenchrus racemosus L. 1. Nazia aliena (Spreng.) Scribn. Bull. U. S. Dep. Agr. Agrost. 17: 28. 1899. Lappago aliena Spreng. Neue Entdeek. 3: 15. 1822. Tufted, 1-3 dm. high, the culms often rooting at the lower nodes, slender, glabrous. Sheaths glabrous; leaf -blades 2-8 cm. long, 4 mm. wide or less, their margins ciliate. Inflorescence 4-10 cm. long; spikelets 2-3 mm. long; the second scale bearing prickles 0.5 mm. long or less, the prickles with swollen opaque ba-ses. Sandy fields, Grand Turk Island and Ambergris Cav : — southwestern United States to the Argentine ; Cuba to St. Thomas and Antigua'. PRiCKLErGRASS. POACEAE. 15 6. ANTHEPHORA Schreb. Beschr. Gras. 2: 105. p?. 44. 1810. Tufted grasses, the culms often branched, erect or prostrate, the leaves mostly flat, the 1-flowered spikelets in deciduous clusters of 3 or 4, forming elongated terminal, slender spikes. Empty scales of the spikelets rigid, the first one indurated, large, involucre-like, the others acute or short-awned ; upper and inner scales thin, the innermost enclosing a thin palet and a perfect flower, the stamens 3, the styles united at the base, the stigmas plumose. [Greek, flower-bearing.] Five known species, of tropical distribution, the following typical. 1. Anthephora hermaphrodita (L.) Kuntze, Eev. Gen. PI. 759. 1891. Tripsacum hermaphroditiim L. Syst. ed. 10, 1261. 1759. Annual; culms 3-10 dm. long, rooting and branching at the lower nodes. Leaves flat, 7-20 cm. long, 4-10 mm. wide, glabrous or hirsute, acuminate; spikes 2-12 cm. long, continuous and dense, or interrupted below, about 4 mm. thick, the slender rachis flexuous ; clusters of spikelets about 7 mm. long; lower scales ovate to elliptic, acute to acuminate, glabrous or hispidulous. South Caicos • — West Indies and continental tropical America, commonly in waste and cultivated grounds. Anthephoka. 7. SYNTHEEISMA Walt. PL Car. 76. 1788. Annual grasses, with flat leaves and spikelets borne in pairs or sometimes in 3 's, in secund spikes which are digitate or approximate at the summit of the culm. Spikes often purplish. Scales of the spikelet 4, sometimes 3 by the suppression of the lowest one; the fourth or innermost scale chartaceous, sub- tending a palet of similar texture and a perfect flower. Stamens 3. Stigmas plumose. [Greek, crop-making, in allusion to its abundance.] Species about 20, widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions. Type species: Syn- therisma praecox Walt. Rachis of the racemes with the angles naked, not winged ; first scale of the spikelet usually wanting. 1. ^. fiJiformis. Rachis of the racemes with the lateral angles broadly winged, thus making it appear flat ; first scale of the spikelet usually present. Spikelets about 2.5 mm. long, one fifth as wide as long. acuminate. -. «• diijitatn. Spikelets 3-3.5 mm. long, one fourth as wide as long or more. acute. 3- -^^ satifiuinalis. 1. Syntherisma filiformis (L.) Xash, Bull. Torrey Club 22: 420. 1895. Panicnm fiJiforme L. Sp. PL 57. 1753. Milium paniceum Sw. Prod. 24. 1788. Syniherisvia paniceum Xash, X. A. Fl. 17: 152. 1912. Culms 1.5-7 dm. tall. Sheaths at least the lower ones hirsute; leaves 3-20 cm. long, 1-4 mm. wide; racemes 2-5, 2-10 cm. long, erect or ascending; spike- lets about 1.8 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide, elliptic, acute, in pairs, the first scale wanting, the second 3-nerved, the third 7-nerved, the fourth scale deep chestnut- brown at maturity. White-lands, sea-beaches, and roadsides. Andros. New Trovidence. and ("at Island: — New Hampshire to Michigan, Florida and Mexico; Cuba; Illspanlola ; Jamaica ; Porto Rico. Slendeb Finger-grass. 16 POACEAE. 2. Syntherisma digitata (Sw.) Hitchc. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 142. 1908. Milium digitatum Sw. Prodr. 24. 1788. Digitaria horisontalis Willd. Enum. 92. 1809. Panicum horizontale Meyer, Prim. PI. Esseq. 54. 1818. Syntherisma setosa Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 300. 1898. Culms 4-10 dm. long, branclied, tufted, at length decumbent below and rooting at the lower nodes. iLeaves more or less densely hirsute, 2-12 cm. long, 2-7 mm. wide; racemes several, 3-14 cm. long, whorled or alternate or ap- proximate in pairs, widely spreading; rachis very narrow; spikelets in pairs, about 2.5 mm. long, lanceolate, acuminate; first scale minute, glabrous; second scale 3-nerved, appressed-pubescent; third scale 7-nerved, also appressed- pubescent; fruiting scale nearly 2 mm. long, shorter than the third, elliptic, greenish when mature. Sandy places and cultivated ground, Berry Islands, Andros, New Providence, Great Exuma. Eleuthera, Watling's Island, Long Island : — Florida ; throughout tropical America, Southern Crab-gkass. 3. Syntherisma sanguinalis (L.) Dulac, PL Haut. Pyr. 77. 1867. Panicum sanguinale L. Sp. PI. 57. 1753. Digitaria sanguinalis Scop. PI. Carn. ed. 2, 1: 52. 1772. Digitaria marginata Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. 1: 102. 1821. Digitaria fimdriata Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 226. 1827. Panicum fimhi-iatum Kunth, Eev. 33. 1829. Syntherisma marginatum Nash, N. A. Fl. 17: 154. 1912. Culms 8 dm. long or less, finally branched, prostrate at the base and root- ing at the lower nodes. Lower leaf-sheaths densely papillose-hirsute; blades 2-8 cm. long, 5-10 mm. wide, erect or ascending, glabrous or more or less pubescent; racemes 2-9, 2-12 cm. long, erect or ascending, alternate, in pairs or whorls ; spikelets 3-3.5 mm. long, about 0.8 mm. wide, lanceolate, very acute, in pairs ; first scale small, glabrous, the second and third appressed-pubescent Mith long hairs, the second one 3-nerved, the third slightly exceeding the flower- ing scale, 7-nerved, the pubescence usually becoming widely spreading, the fourth one lanceolate, very acute, yellowish white at maturity. Sandy places, roadsides and waste places. Great Bahama, Abaco, New Provi- dence. Eleuthera. Long Island, Elbow Cay, Fortune Island. Acklin's Island, Inagua : — temperate and tropical America. Native of the Old World. Referred by Hitch- cock to Panicum Linkianum Kth. Larger Crab-grass. 8. VAIiOTA Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 495. 1763. Tall perennial grasses, with flat leaves and large terminal pubescent pan- icles. iSpikelets lanceolate, acute or acuminate; scales 4, the 3 outer ones membranous, empty, the first minute or rudimentary, the second silky-pilose and ciliate, the fourth one shorter, glabrous, shining, chartaceous. [Perhaps in honor of P. Vallot.] Several species, of warm temperate and tropical Amer- ica, the following typical. 1. Valota insularis (L.) Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 19: 188. 1906. Andropogon insulare L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 1304. 1759. Panicum leucophaeum H.B.K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 97. 1815. Panicum insulare Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq. 60. 1818. Trichachne insularis Nees, Agrost. Bras. 86. 1829. Culms erect, slender, 1-1.6 m. high, clustered. Leaves 3 dm. long or less, 1-2 cm. wide, acuminate, glabrous or their sheaths pubescent; panicle narrow, often 3 dm. long, little, if any more than 3 cm. thick; spikelets 4-6 mm. long. POACEAE. 1 7 acuminate; second and third scale 3-nerved, long-hairy; fruiting scale chestnut- brown. Sandy soil and cultivated ground, Abaco, Andros. New Trovidence. Eleuthera, Great Exuma, Cat Island, Long Cay, Acklin's Island, Inagua, and Anguilla Isles : — Florida ; Bermuda ; West Indies and continental tropical America. Referred by Dolley to Tricholacna Icucophaca. Silky-grass. 9. AXONOPUS Beauv. Agrost. 12. 1812. Perennial grasses, with the culms usually rooting at the lower nodes, with flat leaves and l-flowered spikelets, borne singly in 2 rows in one-sided spikes which (in our species) are disposed in a single pair at the summit of the culm, or sometimes with an additional one a short distance below. Spikclfts oblong to lanceolate, convex on the outer surface, flat on the inner. Scales 3, the outer 2 membranous, the inner one firm and with its opening turned toward the rachis, substending a perfect flower. Stamens 3. Styles separate. Stigmas plumose. Grain free. [Greek, foot-axis.] About 12 species, of warm tem- perate and tropical regions, the following typical. 1. Axonopus compressus (Sw.) Beauv. Agrost. 12, 154. 1812. Milium compressum Sw. Prodr. 24. 1788. Paspahim tristachyon Lam. Tab. Encycl. 1: 176. 1791. AnastropMs compressus Sehleeht. ; Nash, in Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 79. 1903. Stolons numerous, leafy, sometimes 6 dm. long. Culms 1.5-6 dm. tall, slen- der, compressed, glabrous ; sheaths loose ; leaves glabrous, sometimes sparsely ciliate, obtuse, those of the culm 5-10 cm. long, 4-6 mm. wide, those of the stolons about 2.5 cm. long, 2-4 mm. wide; spikes 2-5, 2.5-5 cm. long, approxi- mate at the summit of the long and slender stalk; spikelets not crowded nor secund, about 2 mm. long, acute. Grassy places. New Providence : — Virginia to Florida and Texas ; the West In- dies and continental tropical America. Flat Joi>"t-gkass. 10. PASPALUM L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 855. 1759. Perennial grasses, various in habit, with generally flat leaves and l-flow- ered spikelets, borne singly or in pairs in 2 rows on 1-sided spikes, which are single, in pairs or panicled. Spikelets oblong to orbicular, flat on the outer surface, convex on the inner. Scales 3, the outer ones membranous, the inner one indurated and subtending a palet and perfect flower. Stamens 3. Styles separate. Stigmas plumose. Grain ovoid or oblong, free. [An ancient Greek name for some grass, used by Hippocrates.] About 160 species, of wide dis- tribution in tropical and temperate regions, most abundant in America. Type species: Panicum dissectum'. L. Racemes single, or, if more tban 1, distant, never in pairs. Spikelets wingless. Spikelets 1.5 mm. long or less ; racemes usually short, rarely exceeding 4 cm. long. Spikelets singly disposed. 1. /'. Point ii. Spikelets normally in pairs. Spikelets appressed-pubescent or glabrous. Primary pedicel much shorter than its spike- let. 2. P. cac!*j)itnsuvi. Primary pedicel nearly as long as its splkelet. ."'.. /'. portoriccnse. Spikelets glandular-pubescent. 4. P. Sinipsoni. Spikelets exceeding 1.5 mm. long; racemes long, rarely under G cm. 18 POACEAE. Racemes 6 or fewer; blades usually 4-8 mm. wide or less ; stems slender. 5. p. giabrum. Racemes numerous, usually 10 or more; blades up to 1 cm. wide or more ; stems stout. Rachis of the spikelet glabrous ; sheaths not nodulose. 6. P. secans. Rachis sparingly pilose ; lower sheaths nodulose. 7. P. miUeqrana. Spikelets with a fimbriate wing. 8. P. nmhriatum. Racemes in pairs at the summit of the stem ; spikelets singly disposed. Racemes long and slender ; spikelets less than 2 mm. long, nearly orbicular 9. p. conjufjatnm. Racemes short and stout ; spikelets over 2 mm. long, ovate. Spikelets pubescent, ovate, 2.5-3 mm. long. 10. p. distirhuw Spikelets glabrous, ovate-lanceolate. 3-4 mm. long. IJ. P. vaginatinn. 1. Paspafum Poiretii E. & S. Syst. 2: 878. 1817. Perennial; culms densely tufted, 5 dm. higli or less, slender, glabrous, simple, or sometimes branched at the base. Leaves 5-10 cm. long, 3-6 mm. wide, glabrous or sparingly hirsute, or ciliate; racemes 1-3, erect or ascending, 2-4 cm. long, the rachis about 0.5 mm. wide; sj^ikelets 1.5 mm. long, 0.9 mm. wide, elliptic, appressed-pubescent, singly disposed, the scales 3-nerved, the fruiting one oval. Savanna, Andros : — Cuba ; Hispaniohi ; Porto Rico ; Jamaica. Poieet's Pas- PALUM. 2. Paspalum caespitosum Fluege, Gram. Monog. 161. 1810. Paspahim Blodgettii Chapm. Fl. S. U. S. 571. 1860. Tufted; culms slender, 3-6 dm. high. Leaves glabrous, narrowly linear, flat, 5-20 cm. long, 3-7 mm. wide, erect or nearly so, with glabrous sheaths; racemes 2-6, erect, 1-5 cm. long, the rachis very narrow; spikelets in pairs, a little less than 2 mm. long and nearly 1 mm. wide, elliptic, the first scale want- ing, the second and third sparingly papillose-pubescent with appressed hairs, 3-nerved, the fruiting scale yellowish white. Pine-lands, scrub-lands, and clearings. Abaco. Great Bahama, Berrv Islands, South Bimini, Andros, New Providence. Eleuthera. Cat Island. Great Exuma. Inagua, and the Anguilla Isles : — Florida ; Cuba to Porto Rico ; Jamaica. Slender Pas- palum. 3. Paspalum portoricense Nash, Bull. Torr. Club 30: 377. 1903. Culms tufted, glabrous, very slender, spreading, 6 dm. long or less, simple or rarely branched. Leaves flat, 5-12 cm. long, 3-5 mm. wide, with a few long hairs at the base; racemes 1-3, very slender, 2-6 cm. long, ascending; spikelets geminate, oblong-elliptic, acute, about 1.8 mm. long, 0.8 mm. wide, glabrous, about as long as the primary pedicel, the first and second scales 3-nerved. Crooked Island (according to Hitchcock) ; Porto Rico. 4. Paspalum Simpsoni Nash, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 39. 1897. Paspalum gracillimum Nash, in Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 73. 1903. Tufted, similar to P. caespitosum; culms slender, 4-8 dm. high. Basal sheaths hirsute, the upper glabrous; leaves flat, linear-lanceolate, 4-10 cm. long, 3-10 mm. wide, glabrous on both sides, the margins ciliate; racemes 3-5, spreading, 2-7 cm. long, the rachis narrow; spikelets in pairs, obovoid, about 1.5 mm. long, and 0.8 mm. thick, the first scale wanting, the second and third 3-nerved, densely pubescent with short glandular hairs. Scrub-lands, white-lands, and clearings. Great Bahama, Abaco, Berry Islands, Andros, New Providence, Cave Cay, Watlings Island. Little San Salvador, Acklin's Island, Fortune Island, Mariguana, and Inagua :— Florida ; Cuba; Jamaica; Porto Rico. Simpson's Paspalum. POACEAE. 19 5. Paspalum glabrum Poir. in Lam. Encycl. 5: 30. 1804. Paspalum Helleri Nash, Bull. Torr. Club 30: 376. 1903. Culms tufted, slender, glabrous, erect or ascending, simple, 3-10 dm. high. Leaves 5-20 cm. long, 3-8 mm. wide, roughish-margined, with a few hairs at the base of the blade ; racemes 2-6, narrow, 10 cm. long or le?s, erect or spread- ing; spikelets many, oval, glabrous or pubescent, 1.7-2 mm. long, obtuse. Moist grounds, Abaco and Great Sturrup Cay to Andros, North Caicos, Grand Turk and Inasua :— Cuba to Tortola and Barbadoes ; Jamaica. Referred by Ilitch- cocli to P. nanum C. Wright. 6. Paspalum secans Hitch. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Xat. Herb. 18: 319. 1917. Perennial, forming clumps ; culms simple, erect glabrous, 1-2 m. tall. Leaf - sheaths with a row of white hairs at the mouth, the blades much elongated, sometimes 1 m. long, 5-10 mm. wide, flat, but in drying more or less involute, their margins serrulate; racemes 5-20, slender, spreading, 5-15 cm. long; rachis glabrous; spikelets glabrous, about 2.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide. Moist soil. New Providence, Acklin's Island, and Inagua : — Cuba ; Porto Rico ; Barbadoes; .Jamaica; St. Croix; Antigua. Referred by Nash to P. Schrebcrianum, Tall Paspalum. 7. Paspalum millegrana Sehrad. in Schultes, Mant. 2; 175. 1824. Paspalum Vnderwoodii Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 30: 375. 1903. Culms stout, 1-1.5 m. high, often clustered, smooth. Lower sheaths nodu- lose, overlapping; leaves elongated, roughish, 5-10 mm. wide, commonly pu- bescent above; racemes many, close toegther, ascending or nearly erect, 4-10 cm. long; spikelets glabrous, suborbicular or obovate-orbicular, about 2 mm. long, usually purplish; rachis sparingly pilose. New Providence (according to Hitchcock and Chase) : — Jamaica : Cuba ; Porto Rico; Tobago; Trinidad to southern Brazil. Underwood's Paspalum. 8. Paspalum fimbriatum H.B.K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 93. 1815. Annual; culms tufted, glabrous, often branched below, 3-8 dm. high, the sheaths hirsute or glabrous. Leaves 1-2.5 dm. long, 1.5 cm. wide or less, ciliate; racemes 2-6, erect or ascending, 2.5-7 cm. long; spikelets mostly in pairs, suborbicular, 2.5-3.5 mm. long, the scales papillose, 3-nefved, the lower one with a broad cleft wing, with ciliate segments, the next with a similar partial wing, the fruiting scale 7-ridged. Waste and cultivated grounds, Andros, New Providence, Eleuthera. Cat Island : — Cuba, Hispaniola and Porto Rico to Trinidad ; Jamaica ; South America. Fringed Paspalum. 9. Paspalum conjugatum Berg. Acta Helv. 7: 129. 1762. Smooth and glabrous. Culms compressed, 2-9 dm. tall, finally decumbent at the base and rooting at the lower nodes; leaves 4-16 cm. long, 4-12 mm. wide; racemes in pairs, slender, often curved, spreading or ascending, 5-12 em. long, the rachis straight, or flexuous toward the apex, 0.6-0.8 mm. broad ; spikelets crowded, much compressed dorsally, singly disposed, 1.5 mm. long, 1-1.2 mm. broad, apiculate, the 2 outer scales 2-nerved, the nerves marginal, the first scale ciliate on the margins with very long lax hairs, the third scale smooth, white. Grassy places along roads, apparently introduced. New Providence : — Bermuda ; Southern United States: Cuba to St. Thomas and Barbadoes: Jamaica; continental tropical America ; Old World tropics. Two-spiked Paspalum. 20 POACEAE. 10. Paspalum distichum L. Pugil. PI. Jam. 5. 1759. Culms 1-6 dm. tall, from a long stout rootstock; sheaths compressed, keeled, usually crowded and overlapping, especially at the base and on the innovations, glabrous, or more or less hairy on the margins; leaves commonly less than 1 dm. long, 3-6 mm. wide, usually glabrous; racemes terminal, in pairs, ascending, 2-5 cm. long; spikelets singly disposed, ovate, 2.5-3 mm. long, acute, the 2 oufer scales firm, 5-nerved, rarely 7-nerved, the first scale glabrous, the second appressed-pubescent, the third apiculate, pubescent at the apex. Fresh water marsh. New Providence : — Bermuda ; Virginia to Florida, Texas and California, and north on the coast to Oregon : the West Indies and tropical America, Hitchcock's plant from Fortune Island, referred to this species, proves to be P. taginatum Sw. Joikt-geass. 11. Paspalum vaginatum Sw. Prodr. 21. 1788. Culms 2-6 dm. tall, from a long stout rootstock; sheaths compressed, keeled, usually crowded and overlapping, at least at the base and on the inno- vations, glabrous; leaves folded, or involute when dry, 1,5 dm. long or less, 2-4 mm. wide, glabrous, or sparingly hairy; racemes terminal, usually in pairs, rarely more or but a single one, erect or ascending, 3-7 cm. long; spike- lets singly disposed, ovate-lanceolate, acute, 3-4 mm. long, the 2 outer scales glabrous, thin, the first scale 4-nerved, the lateral nerves approximate at the margin, the midnerve suppressed, the second scale 5-nerved, the lateral nerves rather near together, the third scale glabrous at the aptex or with 2 or 3 hairs. Borders of marshes, New Providence, Watling's Island, Fortune Island, and Inagua : — Bermuda ; southern United States ; West Indies ; tropical continental America. Sheathed Paspalum. Paspalum sp. Hitchcock and Chase (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 316) record a plant of this genus from Inagua, not certainly referable to any known species. 11. PANICUM L. Sp. PI. 55. 1753. Annuals or perennials, various in habit, with open or contracted panicles. Spikelets 1-2-flowered, when 2-flowered the lower one staminate only. Scales 4, the 3 lower membranous, empty, or the third with a staminate flower, vary- ing in the same species; the inner or fourth scale chartaceous, shining, enclos- ing a palet of similar texture and a perfect flower. Awns none. Stamens 3, Styles distinct. Stigmas plumose. Grain free, enclosed in the hardened fruit- ing scale and palet. [Old Latin name for some grass, probably the cultivated sorghum, referring to its panicle, taken from Pliny,] About 500 species, in temperate and tropical regions. Type species: Paniciim miliaceum L. A. Palet little or not at all enlarged when mature. 1, Inflorescence consisting of spike-like often 1-sided branches or racemes. Spikelets singly disposed, in 2 distinct rows, on very short equal pedicels; first scale truncate. 1, F. geminatum. Spikelets otherwise arranged, on unequal pedicels ; first scale acute or obtuse, never truncate. Fourth scale of the spikelet transversely rugose. Panicle branches terminating with a spikelet, no prolongation. Pedicels shorter than the spikelets. Stems all fertile, the nodes naked, or occasionally sparsely pubescent. Outer scales of the spikelet with no cross-veinlets ; stems often rooting at the lower nodes. 2. P. adspersum. Outer scales of the spikelet with manifest cross-veinlets ; stems rare- ly rooting at the lower nodes, 3, P. fasciculatum. POACEAE. 21 Fertile stems tall and stout, the sterile long and creeping, the nodes densely barbed. 4 Some of the pedicels equaling or longer than the spikelets. 5 Panicle branches extending beyond the spikelet in a sterile rudiment. Spikelets less than 2 mm. long. G Spikelets 2 mm. long or more, 7 Fourth scale of the spikelet smooth. 8 2. Inflorescence usually a diffuse, rarely narrow panicle, its branches not spike-like. Fourth scale of the spikelet transversely rugose. 5 Fourth scale smooth. Annuals, or if perennials, not with tufts of leaves at the base of the stem. Spikelets lanceolate to ovate, acute to acumi- nate, glabrous ; leaf-blades elongated, linear. Plants tufted, no long creeping rootstocks ; spikelets 3 mm. long or less. Panicle narrow, dense, its branches ap- pressed. Stems slender, 6 dm. tall or less ; basal sheaths round. Stems stout, usually 1 m. tall or more: basal sheaths compressed, keeled, equitant. 10 Panicle broad at maturity, loose and open, its branches "spreading or ascending. First scale one half as long as the spikelet or more, broadly ovate, acute. Sheaths glabrous; stems slender. 11 Sheaths densely papillose-hispid ; stems stout. 12 First scale rarely exceeding one fourth the length of the spikelet. orbicular, truncate or rounded at the apex. 13 Plants with long stout rootstocks : leaf- blades very thick and firm ; spikelets 4-5 mm. long; seacoast grass. Spikelets elliptic, pubescent ; leaf-blades broad, ovate-lanceolate. Perennials, with basal tufts of leaves. Spikelets 1.5 mm. long, glabrous. Spikelets 2 mm. long, pubescent. Primary leaf-blades 5 mm. wide or less, strongly striate ; spikelets broadly obo- void. Primary leaf-blades up to 12 mm. wide; spikelets elliptic. B. Palet much enlarged when mature. /'. harbinodc. P. muximum. P. di.Htantiflorui P. C'}Ki]jmani. P. I ax urn. P. maximum. P. tcnerum. P. condcnsum. P. diffusum. P. Ghieshrcphtii. P. dichotomiflorum. 14. P. amarulum. 15. P. trichoides. 16. P. coerulescrns. 17. P. n c lira )it hum. 1«. 10. P. P. nitidiim. cxipuiflortim. 1. Panicum geminatum Forsk. Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 18. 1775. Aquatic. Culins 6-12 dm. long, usually clothed v\ith sheaths below; leaves glabrous, 2.5 dm. long or less, 6-10 mm. wide; racemes 10-20. one-sided, the rachis broadly winged, appressed, 2-4 cm, long; spikelets about 2.5 mm. long, ovate, acute, glabrous, singly disposed in 2 rows, the first scale broadc- than long and clasping the spikelet at its base, truncate at the apex, the fourth scale transversely wrinkled. Wet or moist places. Great Bahama. Abacn. Berry Islands. New Providence. Eleuthera. Cat Island. Great Exnma. T>ong Island. Fortune Island, Crooked Island, and Inagua :■ — Bermuda ; southern Florida and Texas ; in tropical regions generally. Erroneously referred, by authors, to P. i>asi>ah)id' or powdery, attached at the base to a viscid disk (gland). Style often terminating in a beak (rostellum) at the base of the anther or between its sacs.^ Stigma a viscid surface, facing the lip beneath the rostellum, or in a cavity between the anther-sacs (clinandrium). Ovai^ inferior, usually long and twisted. 3-angled, 1-celled; ovules numerous, anatropous, on 3 parietal placentae. Capsule 3-valved. Seeds vei-y numerous, minute, mostly s]>indle shaj^ed, the loose coat hyaline, reticulated ; endosperm none ; embryo fleshy. About 410 genera and 5000 species, of wide distribution, most abundant in the tropics, many of those of warm regions epiphytes. Flowering stem or peduncle terminal. Leaves convolute. Anther blunt, generally rounded, usually much oxcooding tho rostollnm and appressed to or incumbent upon it. Lip not enclosing the column; flowers erect or ascending; low erect herbs. 3- Cartcrin. Lip enclosing the column ; flowers nodding ; suc- culent vines. -• yaniUa. 82 OBCHIDACEAE. Anther, at least the body, about as long as the rostel- lum and not appressed to it, when beaked, the beak sometimes exceeding the rostellum. Pollinia not in distinct masses. Lip turned outward. Lateral sepals united at the base into a long spur. Lateral sepals free. Flowers in a 1-sided spike which is sometimes spirally twisted, the peri- anth spreading or noddjng ; lip not saccate. Flowers in a many-sided spike, the peri- anth ascending or erect ; lip saccate at the base. Lip turned upward. Sepals united at the base; lip adnate to the sepal-tube, the base free from the short column. Sepals free: lip free from the sepals, the base adnate to the elongate column. Pollinia in several distinct masses. Leaves duplicate. Leaf-blades not plaited. . . Leaves not articulated near the base; pollinia un- appendaged. Leaves articulated near the base ; pollmia with tail- like appendages. , , ^ Column with a distinct foot; lip and lateral sepals about equal in size. Column without a foot; lip much larger than the lateral sepals. Ovary not produced into a hollow neck. Pollinia 4. Plants without pseudobulbs. Flowers axillary to bracts borne along a rachis. Flowers in a terminal raceme or panicle or solitary. Plants with pseudobulbs. Lip 3-lobed. longitudinally crested or appendaged ; sepals and petals not attenuate. Lip deeply 3-lobed, the middle lobe broad ; pseudobulbs terete ; scape without a long basal sheath. Lip obscurely 3-lobed, the mid- dle lobe minute ; pseudobulbs flattened ; scape with a long basal sheath. Lip entire, or undulate, neither crested nor appendaged. Lip concave, shell-like. Lip nearly linear. Pollinia 8. Ovary produced into a hollow neck. Leaf-blades plaited. Flowering stem or peduncle lateral. Leaves convolute; column elongate. , .« r.-p Column without a foot; lip attached to the base of the column: lateral sepals free. Column with a distinct foot : lip attached to the apex of the foot ; lateral sepals adnate to the column-foot. Leaves duplicate ; column very short. 3. Pelewia. 4. Ihidium. 5. Stenorrhynchus. 6. Prescottia. 7. Ponthieva. 8. Physurus. 9. MaJaxis. 10. Polystachya. 11. Spathigcr. 12. Auliza. 13. EncycUa. 14. Epiclacliiim. Id. Anacheilium. 10. Nidema. 17. Tetramicra. IS. Laeliopsis. 19. Limodorum. 20. Bletia. 21. Govenia. 22. OnckUum. 1. CAETERIA Small, Torreya 10: 187. 1910. Caulescent terrestrial orcliids ^ith clustered, fleshy tubers and erect simple stems. Leaves various, the basal ones firm, narrow, with plicate blades, the cauline ones mere sheathing scales. Flowers several, erect, axillary to scale- like bracts. Perianth colored. Sepals nearly equal, narrow, longer than the petals. Petals decidedly narrower than the sepals. Lip short, sessile, slightly ORCHIDACEAE. 83 3-lobed at the apex, with the middle lobe much longer than the lateral ones, the body Avith 5 longitudinal crests. Capsules erect. [Commemorates Joel Jackson Carter, 1843-1912, a diligent American botanical collector.] A mono- typic genus. 1. Carteria coralliccla Small, Torreya 10: 188. 1910. Stems 2-3.5 dm. tall, rather slender, fleshy. Basal leaves 2-7 cm. long: blades nearly linear, narrowed at both ends, often curved; spike of flowers rather inconspicuous, erect; lateral sepals linear-lanceolate to broadly linear, 6.5-7.5 mm. long, green or greenish-yellow; petals linear or nearly so, yellow- ish-green or greenish-white; lip oval to orbicular-oval, 6-7 mm. long, the body yellowish, with the crests extending to the base of the middle lobe, the lobes magenta, or magenta-pink at the tips; anther magenta; mature fruit not seen. Scrub-lands, New Providence along Farringdon Road : — Florida. Carter's Orchid. 2. VANILLA Juss. Gen. 66. 1789. Fleshy, climbing orchids, the leaves broad or reduced to mere scales, the stems giving off aerial roots, the mostly large flowers in axillary spikes or racemes. Sepals nearly alike, distinct, spreading. Petals resembling the sepals. Lip clawed, the claw adnate to and embracing the long column. Stigma borne under the rostellum. Anther convex, its sacs separate; pollinia powdery. Capsule elongated, fleshy, indehiscent or tardily partly dehiscent. [From the Spanish name for the fruit.] About 20 species, of tropical and subtropical regions. Type species: Epidendrum Vanilla L. Plants leaf-bearing ; lip not lo'bed. Leaves l_anceolate, 4 cm. long or less. 1. V. Ef/gersii. Leaves Tinear-oblong, 7-12 cm. long, 1.5-2.5 cm. wide. 2. T'. phacantha. Plant leafless, except on youngest shoots ; lip 3-lobed. 3. T'. articiilaia. 1. Vanilla Eggersii Rolfe, Jour. Linn. Soe. 32: 472. 1896. Fleshy, elongated, described as sometimes 30 m. in length and often 10 m. long or longer, the stems terete, 1-grooved, 1-1.5 cm. thick, the aerial roots 5-8 em. long, tendril-like. Leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 2-8 cm. long, 8-15 mm. wide; peduncle stout, geniculate, 5-10 cm. long, bearing an ovate or oblong, acute bract at each node; spike several-flowered, 6-14 cm. long, its bracts triangular-ovate, about 5 mm. long; ovary cylindric, about as long as the sepals; sepals and petals oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or acutish, 4-6 cm. long; lip about as long as the sepals, rounded, crenate or undulate, not lobed; column 2-2.5 cm. long; capsule fleshy, indehiscent, cylindric or sub- clavate, 7-12 cm. long, 8-10 mm. thick. Coastal thickets and coppices, Andros : — .Florida : Ilispaniola to Virgin Gordn, Eggers' Vaxilla. Fawcett and Rendle (Fl. Jam. 2: 17) accredit Vutiilla rlarirulata Sw. to the Bahamas, Porto Kico and St. Thomas, presumably including ]'. Kijtjcrsii as a svnonvm of that species. This view may be correct, hut wp do not have speci- mens to corroborate it. The petals of V. clavictihita are described as obtuse, while those of V. Eggersii are acute. 2. Vanilla phaeantha Echb.f. Flora 48: 274. 1865. Fleshy, often 6 m. long or longer. Leaves oblong or linear-oldong. nearly sessile, 6-18 cm. long, 1.5-5 cm. wide, acute or obtuse; peduncle stout, 2-8 cm. long, geniculate, leafy-bracted; spike few-several-flowered, its bracts ovate, obtuse, 6-12 mm. long; ovary cylindric, 5-6 cm. long; sepals and petals nar- 84 ORCHIDACEAE. rowly oblong or linear-oblanceolate, acutish, 6-8 cm. long, 1-2 em. broad; lip broadly ovate, convolute, retuse, crenulate, crested, about 8 cm. long; capsule narrowly eylindric, 7-8 cm. long, about 1 cm. thick. Coppices, Abaco and Great Bahama : — Florida ; Cuba : Jamaica ; St. Vincent ; Trinidad. Our Baliama specimens are barren ; they were determined by Mr. R. A. Rolfe, of Kew. Obloxg-lea^-ed Vanilla. 3. Vanilla articulata Northrop, Mem. Torr. Club 12: 31. 1902. High-climbing, sometimes 10 m. long or longer, branched, subterete, the stems 2 cm. in diameter or less, only the youngest shoots leaf-bearing, their leaves linear-lanceolate, 2 cm. long or less. Peduncle geniculate, 3-7 cm. long, bearing triangular-ovate bracts 5-7 mm. long; spike few-several-flowered; ovary narrowly eylindric, about 3 em. long; sepals and petals white or slightly pink, oblanceolate, acutish or obtuse, 3-4 cm. long, about 1 cm. wide; lip broadly obovate, convolute, 3-lobed, about 3 cm. wide, the middle lobe some- what crested; capsule subcylindric, 5-7 em. long. Thickets and low coppices, Andros, New Providence, Eleuthera, Great Exuma, Great Guana, Watling's and Crooked Islands : — Florida and Cuba. Link-vine. Worm-vine. 3. PELEXIA Poit.; L. C. Eich. Mem. Mus. Paris 4: 59. 1818. Terrestrial orchids, with thick, clustered roots, petioled basal leaves, the flowers spicate at the summit of a sheathed scape. Sepals narrow, the median one adnate to the petals, the lateral ones united below and prolonged into a spur. Lip concave, elongated, embracing the short column. Column without a foot. Rostellum subulate. Anther narrowly oblong; pollinia powdery. Cap- sule ellipsoid. [Greek, from the fancied resemblance of the lip to a hatchet.] About 20 species, of tropical and subtropical America. Type species: Neottia adnata Willd. Perianth 6 mm. long ; spur short, adnate. 1. P. adnata. Perianth 2 5-3 cm. long; spur subulate, free. 2. P. setacea. 1. Pelexia adnata (Sw.) Spreng. Syst. 3: 704. 1826. Neottia adnata Sw. Fl. Ind. Oce. 3: 1409. 1806. Pelexia spirantJwides Lindl. Bot. Eeg. 12: pL 985. 1826. Scape pubescent above, 2.5-4 dm. high. Basal leaves 2-5, glabrous, the blades elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 5-12 em. long, 3-nerved, acute at the apex, rounded at the base, the slender, nearly erect petioles 7-14 cm. long, reddish; sheaths of the scape acuminate, 2-5 cm. long; spike pubescent, many-flowered, 6-12 cm. long; bracts narrowly lanceolate, about as long as the whitish flowers; sepals about 6 mm. long, the median one elliptic, obtuse, concave, the lateral ones linear, acute ; petals linear, nearly as long as the sepals ; lip tubular below, 5-6 mm. long; capsule about 1.5 cm. long, 6-ribbed. In shadv coppice, Andros at Conch Sound : — Cuba to Guadeloupe ; Jamaica ; Venezuela. Determination based on fruiting specimen only ; recorded by Mrs. Northrop as CranicJiis sp. Shoet-spueeed Pelexia. 2. Pelexia setacea Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 482. 1840. Scape 3-6 dm. high, puberulent above, bearing several acuminate sheaths 2-4 em. long. Basal leaves 1-3, the blades elliptic or oval, 8-15 em. long, acute at the apex, obtuse or rounded at the base, several-nerved, the slender petioles 10-18 em. long; spike few-several-flowered, pubescent, 15 cm. long or less; bracts ovate-lanceolate, 2-2.5 cm. long, long-acuminate into a filiform tip; ovary fusiform, about 2 cm. long; perianth purplish-green or greenish-white; ORCHIDACEAE. 85 sepals narrowly lanceolate, 2.5-3 em. long, the spur 8-10 mm. long; petals narrowly lanceolate, about 2 cm. long; lip white; capsule about 2 cm. long, 6-ribbed. Shady coppices, Great Bahama, Andros and New Providence: — Florida; Cuba to Guadeloupe and Trinidad ; Colombia to Brazil.* Long-spurreo Pelexia. 4. IBIDIUM Salisb. Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. 1: 291. 1812. Erect terrestrial orchids, with fleshy-fibrous or tuberous roots and slender stems or scapes, leaf-bearing below or at the base. Flowers small, spurless, spiked, 1-3-rowed, the spikes more or less twisted. Sepals free, or more or less coherent, or sometimes united with petals into a galea. Lip concave, erect, embracing the column and often adherent to it, spreading and crisped, or rarely lobed or toothed at the apex, bearing minute callosities at the base. Column arched below, obliquely attached to the top of the ovary. Anther without a lid, borne on the back of the column, erect. Stigma ovate, pro- longed into an acuminate beak, at length bifid. Pollinia 2, 1 in each sac, powdery. Capsule ovoid or oblong, erect. About 80 species, natives of tem- perate and tropical regions. Type species: Ophrys spiralis J. E. Smith. Flowers white; basal leaves linear. 1. /. tortile. Flowei's green; basal leaves oblong-lanceolate to elliptic. ~. L htcuiianum. 1. Ibidium tortile (Sw.) House, Muhlenbergia 1: 129. 1906. Neottia tortilis Sw. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1800: 226. 1800. Spiranthes tortilis L. C. Eich. Mem. Mus. Par. 4: 59. 1818. Stem slender, erect, 3-6 dm. high, glabrous below, pubescent above, bear- ing 2-4 bladeless acute sheaths above, and sometimes a narrowly linear leaf 2-7 cm. long, below the middle. Basal leaves 2 or 3, present at flowering time, linear, 8-30 cm. long, 1.5-2.5 mm. wide; spike erect, 6-13 cm. long, pubescent, the approximate flowers in a single spiral ; flowers white ; bracts ovate or ovate- lanceolate, pubescent, acute or acuminate, 6-7 mm. long, about as long as the ovary; sepals 5-6 mm. long, the median one elliptic, obtuse, the lateral ones oblong, oblique; petals oblong, about as long as the sepals; lip 4-6 mm. long, ovate-elliptic, emarginate, the callosities short; capsule about 5 mm. long. Savannas and borders of marshes. Great Bahama, Andros and New Provi- dence : — Florida ; Louisiana : West Indies. Recorded by Mrs. Northrop as Gyro- stachys peruviana Kuntze. Southern Ladies-tresses. 2. Ibidium lucayanum Britton, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 5: 312. ]907. Spiranthes lucayana Cogn. in Urban, Symb. Ant. 6: 338. 1909. Boot of cylindric, fleshy tubers 2-5 cm. long, 8-10 mm. thick. Basal leaves present at flowering time, oblong-lanceolate, oblanceolate to elliptic, thin but somewhat fleshy, spreading, 5-nerved, reticulate-veined, at least when dry, 5-17 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide, acute at the apex, narrowed at the base into a rather slender petiole, which is one half to two thirds the length of the blade; scape slender, including the spike 2-4 dm. high, its several leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, appressed, 1-3 cm. long; sjiike 5-25 cm. long, about 1 cm. thick, usually many-flowered; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, erect, as long as the ovary or longer; flowers green, spreading; sepals linear- lanceolate, acutish, 3-4.5 mm. long; petals linear a little shorter than the sepals; lip ovate-oblong, obtusish, concave, 3-5 mm. long, about one third as 86 ORCHIDACEAE. wide as long, ^\ith. two minute callosities at the base; capsule oblong, blunt, about mm. long. Coppices and white-lands, Lignum Yitae Cay, Andros, Eleutliera, Cat Island, Long Island, Watling"s, Great Exuma, Crooked Island and Xortli Caicos : — Florida ; Anegada ; Porto Rico. Erroneously recorded by Cogniaux as Spiranthes elata. Gbeex Ladies-tresses. 5. STENORRHYNCHUS L. C. Eich. Mem. Mus. Paris 4: 59. 1818. Erect, terrestrial orchids, with lanceolate to elliptic basal leaves often wanting at flowering time, the sheathed scape terminated by a spike of rather large, often showy, mostly red or yellow flowers. Sepals nearly equal, the median one adnate to the petals, the lateral ones united below and produced into a sac or spur. Petals mostly shorter than the sepals. Lip entire or nearly so, concave, without callosities. Column with a foot; stigma under the beaked rostellum. Anther oblong or lanceolate; pollinia powdery. [Greek, narrow beak.] About 25 species, of tropical and subtropical America. Type species: Neottia speciosa Willd. 1. Stenorrhynchus lanceolatus (Aubl.) Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I. 642. 1864. Limodorum lanceoJatum Aubl. PI. Guian. 2: 821. 1775. Satyrium orchioides Sw. Prodr. 118. 1788. Stenorrhynchus orchioides L. C. Rich. Mem. Mus. Paris 4: 59. 1818. Leaves 1-3, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, bright green, glabrous, 1-3 dm. long, 2-5 cm. wide, acute at the apex, narrowed at the base into margined petioles, wanting at flowering time. Scape rather stout, 3-6 dm. high, erect, scurfy or somewhat glandular-pubescent, bearing several, acuminate, sheath- ing scales 2-4 cm. long; spike several-many-flowered, 1-2.5 cm. long; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, shorter than the floAvers ; flowers red or yellow, 2-3 cm. long ; ovary oblong, oblique at the apex ; sepals glandular, lanceolate, acute, 5-7-nerved; petals oblong-lanceolate, acute, 5-7-nerved; lip lanceolate, acute or acuminate, saccate at about the middle; capsule about 1 cm. long. Pine-lands and scrub-lands, Great Bahama, Andros and New Providence : — Florida ; Cuba to Porto Rico and Trinidad ; Mexico to Colombia and Paraguay. Leafless Beaked-oechid. 6. PRESCOTTIA Lindl. in Hook. Exot. Fl. pi. 115. 1825. Terrestrial orchids, with clustered roots, erect, scape-like stems, broad, tufted, basal leaves convolute in the bud, and small flowers in a terminal spike. Sepals broad, connate at the base. Petals narrow, thin, mostly shorter than the sepals. Lip broad, concave, 2-auricled at the base of the blade, erect. Column short; rostellum retuse, as long as the anther or longer. Pollinia powdery. Capsule small, oblong or ovoid. [Commemorates John D. Prescott, English botanist, died 1837.] About 30 species, of tropical and subtropical America. Type species: Prescottia plantaginifolia Lindl. 1. Prescottia oligantha (Sw.) Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 454. 1840. Cranichis oligajitha Sw. Prodr. 120. 1788. Slender, glabrous, 2-4 dm. high. Basal leaves few, ovate to elliptic, 2-7.5 cm. long, acute or obtuse at the apex, obtuse or narrowed at the base. ORCHIDACEAE. 87 about 13-iierve(l, the petioles 1.5-3 mm, long; scape with several, narrow, acute, bladeless sheaths 1-3 cm. long; spike slender, densely flowered, 2-7 cm. long; bracts ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 2-3 mm, long; ovary obovoid-oblong; sepals 1-nerved, pinkish, rounded, about 1 mm. long; petals narrowly obovate or oblong, obtuse, a little shorter than the sepals, white or pink; lip' 3-nerved, 1-1.5 mm. long, the blade roundish, minutely auricled; capsule about 4 mm. long. Coppices and shaded stone walls, Andros and New Providence : — Florida ; Cuba to Tortola and Guadeloupe ; Jamaica. Small Prescottia. 7. PONTHIEVA R, Br, in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 5: 199. 1813. Terrestrial orchids with fibrous roots, tufted basal leaves, and small, loosely racemose flowers on sheathed, erect scapes. Sepals spreading, the lateral ones slightly inequilateral. Petals clawed, spreading, nearly triangular, adnate to the short column, unsymmetrical. Lip adnate to the column, clawed, concave, ascending, spurless. Anther shorter than the rostellum ; pollinia 4, in pairs, powdery, pendulous. Capsule ellipsoid. [Commemorates de Ponthieu, who sent American plants to Sir Joseph Banks.] About 20 species, of tropical and warm temperate America, Type species: Neotiia glandulosa Sims. 1. Ponthieva Brittonae Ames, Torreya, 10: 90, 1910, Roots clustered, slender, villous. Basal leaves about 4, oblong-lanceolate to oblanceolate, 10 cm. long or less, acute at the apex, narrowed into petioles 1-2.5 cm. long; scape slender, 2-4 dni. high, bearing several oblong, acute sheaths, pubescent above; raceme 1-2 dm. long, pubescent, several-many- flowered; bracts oblong, acute or acuminate, about 5 mm. long; pedicels ascending, 8-10 mm. long; sepals about 4 mm. long; petals lanceolate, obtuse, a little longer than the sepals ; lip 3-lobed, subsaccate, 4.5 mm. long, the lateral lobes rounded, the median lobe oblong. Pine-land near Fresh Creek, Andros, Maidenhead Coppice, New Providence : — Florida. Mrs. Brittox's Ponthieva. 8. PHYSURUS L. C. Rich. Mem. Mus. Paris 4: 55. 1818. [Ertthrodes Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 410. 1825.] Leafy-stemmed, terrestrial orchids, with thick, clustered root?, the leaves broad, petioled, parallel-nerved and reticulate-veined, convolute in the bud, the small flowers in a terminal spike. Sepals distinct, nearly equal, the small petals cohering with the median one. Lip erect, 3-lobed, embracing the short column, produced below into a blunt pouch-like spur. Anther about as long as the rostellum. Pollinia granular, pendent. Capsule ellipsoid to obong. [Greek, referring to the pouch-like spur.] About 60 species, natives of tropical and subtropical regions. Type species: Orchis plantaginca Willd. 1. Physunis querceticola Lindl. Gen. &■ Sp. Orch. 505. 1840. Physurus Sagraeanus A. Rich, in Sagra, Hist. Cub. 11: 253. 1850. Stem slender, erect, glabrous, 3 dm. high or less. Leaves several, distant, ovate to lanceolate, 2-6 cm, long, acute, acuminate, or the lower ones obtuse at the apex, rounded or subtruncate at the base, the petioles 5-20 mm. long, their 88 ORCHIDACEAE. bases much dilated, sheathing the stem, the upper sheaths bladeless; spike 2-7 em. long; bracts lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate, acute, a little shorter than the ovary; sepals about 4 mm. long, linear or linear-lanceolate; lip with a dilated claw and a nearly orbicular blade terminated by a drooping or recurved triangular tip, the pouch-like spur shorter than the ovary. Under bushes in pine-lands and in savannas. Great Bahama and Andros : — Florida to Louisiana; Cubaj Guadeloupe. Low Physurds. 9. MALAXIS Sw. Prodr. 119. 1788. Low orchids with a solid bulb, 1-leaved or 2-leaved. Flowers small, white or green, in a terminal raceme. Sepals spreading, separate, the lateral ones equal at the base. Petals filiform or linear, spreading. Lip cordate or eared at the base, embracing the column. Anther erect between the auricles, 2-celled; pollinia 4, smooth and waxy, 2 in each sac, the pairs cohering at the summit, without caudicles or glands. Capsule oval, sometimes nearly globose, beakless. [Greek, in allusion to the soft tissues.] About 140 species, widely distributed, the following typical. 1. Malaxis spicata Sw. Prodr. 119. 1788. Microstylis spicata Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 19. 1830. Glabrous, 1-3 dm. high, 2-leaved near the base, and with 1 or 2 sheaths below the leaves. Leaves ovate or elliptic-ovate, 5-10 cm. long, acute, the lower one the larger, the sheathing petioles 1-5 cm. long; raceme narrow, 8 cm. long or less, many-flowered ; bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, 2-4 mm. long; pedicels 5-9 mm. long; middle sepal about 3 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, acute or bluntish, the lateral ones about as long, obtuse; petals linear, 2 mm. long; lip about 4 mm. long, its terminal lobe linear-oblong; capsule about 8 mm. long. Coppice, Crooked Island : — ^Florida ; Cuba to Porto Rico and Martinique : Jamaica. We are indebted to Mr. Oakes Ames for the determination of the Crooked Island specimen. Slender Malaxis. 10. POLYSTACHYA Hook. Exot. El. pi 103. 1825. Epiphytic, leafy-stemmed orchids, the stems usually clustered, sheathed at the base, the roots thick-fibrous, the many-nerved leaves conduplicate in the bud, the upper reduced to long, narrow scales, the small flowers in terminal, panicles or spike-like racemes. Median sepal narrower than the lateral ones. Petals narrower than the lateral sepals. Lip jointed with the base of the column, spurless, sessile, bent below, 3-lobed, the lateral lobes small. Column short, with a distinct foot. Anther terminal, lid-like, convex, usually 1-celled; pollinia 4, waxy, broadly ovate or nearly hemispheric, not appendaged. [Greek, many spikes.] About 170 species, mostly of tropical regions. Type species: Cranichis luteola Sw. Leaves several, oblong-ligulate ; racemes numerous. 1. P. minuta. Leaves 2, linear or linear-lanceolate ; racemes few. 2. P. foliosa. OECHIDACEAE. 89 1. Polystachya mttiuta (Aubl.) Brittoii; Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 328, 1329. 1903. Epidendrum viimitum Aubl. PI. Guian. 2: 824. 1775. Dendrohium polystachyum Sw. Act. Holm. 21: 247. 1800. Cranichis luteoJa Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1433. 1806. Polystachya luteola Hook. Exot. Fl. pi 103. 1825. Stems rather slender, 2-6 dm. long. Sheaths many-striate, 2-4 cm. long; leaves oblong or linear-oblong, 6-30 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide, acute or obtuse, shorter than the stem; panicle 3 dm. long or less, sometimes reduced to a single raceme; racemes rather densely several-many-flowered; bracts acute, about 2 mm. long; flowers greenish-yellow; buds obliquely 3-angled ; median sepal ovate, 3-4 mm. long, the lateral ones oblique, a little longer ; petals nar- rowly spatulate, shorter than the sepals; lip about 4 mm. long, glandular-hairy within, the median lobe emarginate, the lateral lobes incurved; capsule 10-12 mm. long. On trees in coppices, Abaco, Andros and New Providence : — Florida ; Cuba to Virgin Gorda, soutli to Trinidad and Soutli America. Large Polystachya. Catesby, 2 : ijl. 55. 2. Polystachya foliosa (Hook.) Echb. f.; Walp. Ann. Bot. 6: 640. 1863. Stelis foliosa Hook. Ann. Nat. Hist. 2: 330. 1839. Stems slender, 2 dm. long or less. Sheaths striate, 1-3 cm. long; leaves usually 2, linear or linear-lanceolate, 5-16 cm. long, 3-8 mm. wide, obtuse or minutely 2-3-toothed at the apex, shorter than or equalling the stem; racemes 1-5, narrow, rather densely several-many-flowered ; flowers yellow or yellowish ; bracts acute or acuminate, 1-2 mm. long; median sepal ovate, about 1.5 mm. long; lateral sepals broadly ovate, about 2 mm. long; petals spatulate, rounded, 1.5-2 mm. long; lip nearly 2 mm. long, obovate, its lateral lobes incurved, not much smaller than the median one. On tree-trunks, Andros : — Grenada ; Trinidad ; nortliern South America. Small Polystachya. 11. SPATHIGER Small, Fl. Miami 55. 1913. Epiphytic, usually branched, creeping or pendent orchids, with slender leafy stems, narrow^ sessile leaves and small flowers in the axils of spathe-like bracts, forming terminal spikes; pseudobulbs none. Leaves duplicate in the bud, the blades not plaited, jointed at the base. Lateral sepals broader than the median one. Petals scarcely broader than the sepals. Lip reniform or nearly orbicular, concave. Column adnate to the lip. Pollinia 4, appendageil. [Greek, spathe-bearing.] About 10 species of tropical and subtropical America, the following typical. 1. Spathiger rigidus (Jacq.) Small, Fl. Miami 55. 1913. Epidendrum rigidmn Jacq. Enum. 29. 1760. Often much branched, 5 dm. long or less. Leaves oblong or linear-oblong, subcoriaceous, 3-8 cm. long; flowers greenish-white; lateral sepals ovate, about 6 mm. long; petals narrowly spatulate or oblong; blade of the lip about 3 mm. long, suborbicular, with callosities near the base; capsule about 1.5 cm. long. On trees. New Providence : — Florida ; Jamaica ; Ilispanlola ; (JuadoI«>upe to Trinidad ; continental tropical America. , 90 OECHIDACEAE. 12. AULIZA Salisb. Trans. Hort. Soe. 1: 294. 1812. Epiphytic or terrestrial orchids, with erect or ascending, leafy, often clustered stems, subcoriaceous sessile leaves with sheathing bases, and rather large pedicelled flowers in terminal racemes or panicles, or solitary; pseudo- bulbs none. Sepals often elongated. Petals linear to spatulate. Lip various. Column adnate to the base of the lip. Pollinia 4, appendaged. [Greek, perching.] Eighty species or more, of tropical and subtropical America. Type species: Epidendrum ciliare L. 1. Auliza noctuma (Jacq.) Small, Fl. Miami 56. 1913. Epidendrum nocturnum Jacq. Enum. 29. 1760. Epiphytic or saxicolous; stems stiff, clustered, rather slender, usually erect, 3-11 dm. high. Leaves oblong to elliptic, oblong-lanceolate or linear- oblong, 7-16 cm. long, acute at the apex, partly clasping at the base, the sheaths cylindric, the lower ones bladeless; flowers solitary or two together, peduncled, the peduncle 2-10 cm. long; bracts ovate or lanceolate, 3-6 mm. long; lateral sepals green, linear-attenuate, 3-6 cm. long, 2-4 mm. wide; petals yellow, similar to the sepals, but a little narrower; lip white, 3-cleft, the 2 lateral lobes ovate or ovate-oblong, 10-15 mm. long, the middle lobe setaceous, 3-5 cm. long; capsule oblong, narrowed at both ends, 2.5-4 cm. long. On trees in coppices, Abaco, Andros and New Providence : — Florida ; Cuba ; Hispaniola ; Porto Rico ; .Jamaica ; Trinidad ; tropical South America. Slender Auliza. Catesby, 2 : pi. 68. 13. ENCYCLIA Hook. Bot. Mag. pi. 2831. 1828. Epiphytic or rarely terrestrial orchids, with mostly terete, short or elon- gt'ted pseudobulbs, flat, mostly stiff, elongated narrow leaves duplicate in the bud, and rather large, racemose or panicled bracted flowers on a long terminal scape. Lateral sepals broad or narrow, about as wide as the similar median one; petals spatulate to linear. Lip longitudinaly crested or appendaged, 3-lobed, the middle lobe much wider than the lateral ones, often emarginate. Column usually adnate to the lip at its base and sometimes enclosed by it. Capsules ribbed. [Greek, wrapped around.] Perhaps 75 species, of tropical and subtropical America. Type species: Encyclia viridiflora Hook. These orchids are locally called Wild Indian. Middle lobe of the lip acute or tipped. 1. E. fiicata. Middle lobe of the lip rounded or retuse. Flowers panicled ; middle lobe of the lip rounded, retuse or apiculate. Column short. 6 mm. long or less. Sepals obtuse ; lip sessile or nearly so. 2. E. hahamensis. Sepals acute ; lip clawed. 3. E. rufa. Column long. 7-10 mm. long. Pseudobulbs ovoid, 4-7 cm. long. 4. E. tampensis. Pseudobulbs ovoid-oblong, up to 10 cm. long. Sepals and petals purplish or greenish ; leaves 1.5-2.5 cm. wide. 5. E. cliurna. Sepals and petals yellow ; leaves 1 cm. wide or less. 6. E. inaguensis. Flowers racemose or inflorescence with a few branches. Leaves broadly linear : middle lobe of the lip cordate. 7. E. pUcata. Leaves norrowly linear ; middle lobe of the lip ovate, rounded. ■ 8. E. acicularis. ORCHIDACEAE. 91 1. Encyclia fucata (Lindl.) Britton & Millspaugh. Epidendrum fucatum Lindl. Bot. Reg. 24: Misc. 15. 1838. Pseudobulbs slender, ovoid to oblong, 2-5 cm. long. Leaves 1 or 2, linear, 1-3 dm. long, 1-2.5 cm. wide; scajje slender, iisaially branched, 3-7 dm. long; pedicels slender or filiform, 1-2 cm. long; sepals yellow or brownish yellow, oblong or oblong-oblanceolate, obtuse, 1.5-2 cm. long; petals oblanceolate, similar to the se])als hut a little shorter; lip yellow, 3-lobed, the lateral lobes oblong, obtuse, about 1 cm. long, the middle lobe suborbicular, tipped; column wingless; capsule oblong, 1.5-2.5 cm. long. On trees in coppices and scrub-lands. Abaco. Great Bahama, and Andros : — Cuba ; recorded from Hispaniola and I'orto Rico. Sm.^ll-flowkukd Encycma. A fruiting specimen from Abaco, probably of this species, was determined by R. A. Rolfe as E. primuUnum Batem, of Mexico, and recorded under that name in Bull. N. y. Bot. Gard. 4: 116. 2. Encyclia bahamensis (Griseb.) Britton & Millspaugh. Epidendrum hahamense Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I. 614. 1864. Pseudobulbs ovoid-oblong, 10 cm. long or less. Leaves 1-3, coriaceous, linear, blunt or acutish, 1.5-5 dm. long; 1-3.5 cm. wide; scape usually much- branched, paniculately many-flowered, 5-9 dm. long; pedicels slender, 1-2 cm. long; sepals oblong, 7-nerved, obtuse or obtusish, 15-19 mm. long; petals obtuse, oblong or spatulate-oblong, narrowed toward the base, about as long as the sepals; lip sessile or nearly so, deeply 3-lobed, 16-19 mm. long, its lateral lobes triangular-ovate, much shorter than the orbicular-obovate, rounded or retuse, nearly sessile, middle one ; column narrowly winged to the base ; capsule oblong, 1.5-3 cm. long. On trees, Great Bahama, Abaco, Andros, Eleuthera, Ship Channel Cay, Crooked Island, Little Inagiia and Inagua. An Andros specimen was referred to Epidendrum odoratisshniim Lindl., by Mrs. Northrop. Bahama Encyclia. 3 Encyclia rufa (Lindl.) Britton & Millspaugh. Epidendrum rufum Lindl. Bot. Eeg. 31: Misc. 33. 1845. Pseudobulbs ''pyriform." Leaves 2 or 3, ligulate, obtuse, 15-18 cm. long, about 18 mm. wide ; scape little branched, paniculately many-flowered, 2-3.5 dm. long; pedicels slender, about 1 cm. long; flowers yellowish-brown; sepals oblong or oblong-spatulate, acute, 19-25 mm. long; petals oblong-cuneate, about as long as the sepals; lip short-clawed, about 2 cm. long, deeply 3-lobed, the lateral lobes short ''acute," much shorter than the obovate, rounded middle one; column narrowly winged to the base. Bahamas, collected by Skinner (according to Cogniaux) and also attrilnited to the Bahamas by Grisebach : — Hispaniola. Not known to us from the archipelago. Cogniaux's reference to this species as recorded l)y Britton from Aliaco ( I'rlian. Symb. Ant. 6:494) is an error. The type specimen is said by Lindley to have been sent from Rio .Janeiro, Brazil. Our specimen from Hispaniola was collected at Baveux, Haiti, bv George V. Nash (Xo. 3(i0) and determined as Epidviidrum rut urn Lindl.", by R. A. Rolfe at Kew. Rufous Excyilia. 4. Encyclia tampensis (Lindl.) Small, Fl. Miami 56. 1913. Epidendrum iampense Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1847: under pi. 35. 1847. Pseudobulbs narrowly ovoid, terete, 4-7 cm. long. Leaves 1-3, linear or linear-lanceolate, 0.5-2.5 dm. long, 8-18 mm. wide, acutish or obtuse, rather rigid; scape slender, branched, often 5 dm. long or longer; pedicels rather slender, 7-12 mm. long; lateral sepals yellowish-l)rown, narrowly oblanceolate, acutish, about 2 cm. long; petals similar to the sepals Init sonunvhat narrower; lip nearly sessile, deeply 3-lobed, white lined with purple, a little shorter than the petais, the middle lobe reniform-orbicular, short-clawed, rounded or apicu- late, the lateral lobes oblong, obtuse; column about S mm. long, 2-auricled at the top and narrowly winged. On trees and shrubs, Abaco, New Providence : — Florida : Culia. Recorded by Coker as Epidendrum fueatum LindL Tampa Encyclia. 92 ORCHIDACEAE. 5. Encyclia diurna (Jacq.) Britton & Millspaugh. Limodorum diurnum Jacq. Ic. Ear. 3: pL 603. 1786-93. Epidendrum gracile Lindl. Bot. Reg. 21: pi. 1765. 1835. Epidendrum altissirnum Batem, ; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 24: Misc. 38. 1838. Epidendrum virens Lindl. in Paxton, Fl. Gard. 1: 152. 1850-51. Epidendrum diurnum Cogn. in Urban, Symb. Ant. 6: 497. 1910. Plants usually clustered, sometimes forming large colonies. Pseudobulbs elongated, ovoid-oblong, 10 cm. long or less. Leaves 2 or 3, linear, rigid, acute or obtuse, 2-5 dm. long, 1.5-2.5 cm. wide; scape more or less branched, 5-10 dm. high; pedicels 1-1.5 cm. long; lateral sepals greenish or purplish, narrowly oblong, acute or obtusish, about 2 cm. long; petals similar to the sepals, obtuse, narrowed below; lip a little shorter than the sepals, white lined with purple, deeply 3-lobed, the middle lobe suborbicular or rhomboid-orbicular, rounded or retuse and apiculate, the lateral lobes oblong, obtuse; column clavi- form, about 1 cm. long; capsule oval, 1.5-3 cm. long. On the ground, in rocky soil, or sometimes on trees, throughout the archipelago, from Abaco and Great Bahama to Andros. Mariguana. Acklin's and Caicos Islands : — Cuba ; Mexico to Venezuela. Consists of many races, differing in size of the plant, of the leaves and of the flowers, and in color of the perianth. Tall Excyclia. 6 Encyclia inaguensis Nash, sp. nov. Stems slender, up to 1 m. tall, usually from a creeping rootstock, the pseudobulbs up to 1 dm. long and 1.5 cm. in diameter at the base, gradually narrowed from the base to the apex. Leaves linear, up to 5 dm. long and 1 cm. wide, acute ; inflorescence up to 6 dm. long, paniculate, the branches ascending, the lower ones longer and bearing 2-5 flowers. Flowers 2.5-3 cm. in diameter, fragrant; sepals and petals yellow, irregularly striped with purple, the sepals oblong-elliptic, acute, the petals oblanceolate-spathulate, acute ; lip about as long as the sepals, white, the lateral lobes and margin of the middle lobe yelow, all flushed and striped with purple; lateral lobes ascending, oblong, acutish, 8-10 mm. long, the middle lobe almost orbicular, undulate on the margin, retuse, 8-9 mm. in diameter, almost sessile ; column white, striped with purple, about 1 cm., long. On shrubs and trees. Tvne collected between Northwest Point and Southwest Point. Little Inagua, Oct. 21. 1904 (yash and Taylor, 1251). A barren specimen from East Caicos {Mmspaugh 9111) may be of this species. Ixagua Encyclia. 7. Encyclia plicata (Lindl.) Britton & Millspaugh. Epidendrum plicatum Lindl. Bot. Reg. 33: under pi. 10. 1847. Pseudobulbs ovoid, terete, 8 cm. long or less. Leaves 2 or sometimes 3, coriaceous, stiff, 1.5-2.5 dm. long, 1.5-2.5 cm. wide; scape usually much longer than the leaves, simple or more or less branched; pedicels slender, 1-1.5 cm. long; lateral sepals oblong to oblong-oblanceolate, purplish or greenish, 2.5-3 cm. long; petals similar to the lateral sepals; lip about as long as the petals, yellowish or whitish striped with purple, deeply 3-lobed, the middle lobe sub- orbicular, cordate, emarginate and sometimes cuspidate, the lateral lobes oblong- lanceolate, obtuse; column about 15 mm. long; fruit oval, 2-3 cm. long. On shrubs ■ and trees in thickets, Abaco, Andros, New Providence, Fortune Island, Cat Island, Crooked Island and Inagua :— Cuba. Recorded by Hitchcock as E. virens Lindl., and by Mrs. Northrop as E. plweniceum Lindl. Plicate Encyclia. Catesby, 2 : pi. 88. 8. Encyclia acicularis (Batem.) Britton & Millspaugh. Epidendrum aciculare Batem.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 27: Misc. 46. 1841. Pseudobulbs ovoid, clustered, 2-3 cm. long; leaves 1 or 2, narrowly linear, 2-7 cm. long, about 5 mm. wide. Scape usually simple, few-several-flowered, longer than the leaves; pedicels very slender, about 1 cm. long; lateral sepals ORCHIDACEAE. 93 narrowly spatulate or oblanceolate, purple, acute, 2-3 cm. long, 2-4 mm. wide; petals similar to the sepals; lip white, lined with rose, a little shorter than the sepals, deeply 3-lobed, the middle lobe ovate, rounded, the lateral lobes oblong, obtuse; column about 1 cm. long, 2-auricled at the summit. Bahamas, collected by Skinner, according to Lindloy : — Mexico. A plant found on Conocurpus in an open coastal coppice, at Great Bahama at Golden Grove (liiitton and AliUspaiKjh 2728), was doubtfully referred to this species by Mr. U. A. Kolfe at Kew, It subsequently produced a few flowers at the New York Botanical Garden which do not wholly agree with those of Mexican specimens. Nakuow-lkaved Ekcyclia. Epidendrum papilionaceum Vahl, is doubtfully recorded as Bahamian by Urban and by Cogniaux, the determination based on barren specimens collected by Eggers in New Providence. 14. EPICLADIUM Small, Fl. Miami 56. 1913. An epiphytic orchid, with nearly orbicular flattened pseudobulbs, narrow, erect, flat leaves, duplicate in the bud, the flowering scape subtended by an elongated spathe-like sheath. Flowers racemose or solitary, minutely bracted, showy, mottled. Lateral sepals about as wide as the median one; petals similar to the lateral sepals; lip subrhombic, shorter than the sepals; column without a foot, partly adnate to the lip. Capsules nodding, winged. [Greek, ujDon a branch.] A monotypic genus. 1. Epicladium Boothianum (Lindl.) Small, Fl. Miami 56. 1913. Epidendrum Boothianum Lindl. Bot. Reg. 24: Misc. 5. 1838. Epidendrum erythronioides Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 328. 1903. Pseudobulbs clustered or solitary on branches, about 2.5 cm. long, less than 1 cm. thick, subtended by ovate, subscarious scales 1-2 cm. long. Leaves oblong-oblanceolate, obtuse or acutish, 6-12 cm. long; flowering stem simple, mostly longer than the leaves, 2-3 times as long as the sheath ; flowers 1-sev- eral; pedicels 3-5 mm, long; lateral sepals oblong to elliptie-oblanceolate, acute, yellow, mottled with brown, about 13 mm. long; petals spatulate, yellow, brown-mottled, about as long as the sepals; lip yellowish, about 7 mm. long; capsule 2-3 cm. long, oblong, 3-winged. On trees, Andros : — Florida; Cuba. EpiCLADir.Ar. Catosby, 2: pi. 7.',. 15. ANAOHEILIUM Hoffmg. Linnaea 16: Litt. 229. 1842. Epiphytic orchids, with elongated, somewhat flattened psudobulbs, long flat leaves duplicate in the bud, and nodding racemose bracted flowers on a simple terminal scape. Sepals all nearly alike, elongated, narrow, acuminate. Petals similar to the sepals, but somewhat shorter; lip concave, entire, much shorter than the sepals. Column partly adnate to the lip, footle?s. Capsules winged, drooping, [Greek, upturned lip.] The genus is probably monotypic. 1. Anacheilium cochleatum (L.) Hoffmg. Linnaea, 16: Litt. 229. 1842. Epidendrum cochleatum L. Sp. PL ed. 2, 1351. 1763. Pseudobulbs lanceolate to ovate, compressed, 8-12 cm. long, clustered. Leaves 2 or 3, linear or linear-oblong, acute, 1-4 dm. long; scape simple, 1.5-6 dm. long, bearing several lir.ear-lanceolate scarious scales 1-3 cm. long and subtended by a larger, scarious, spathe-like scale 5-8 cm. long: flowers few- several, racemose; bracts small; lateral sepals linear-lanceolate, greenish yellow, 94 OECHIDACEAE. 2-3 cm. long, similar to the petals; lip purple or variegated, about 2 cm. long, abruptly acute, entire; capsule 2-3 cm. long. On trees in coppices, Abaco. Andros and New Providence : — Florida ; Cuba ; Hispaniola ; Porto Rico ; Jamaica ; Mexico to Colombia and Venezuela. Recorded from St. Croix. Catesby, 2 : pi. 88. Shell Orchid. 16. NIDEMA Britton & Millspaugh, gen. nov. Epiphytic orchids, with flattened 1-leaved pseudobulbs subtended by narrow scales, the leaves narrowly linear, the slender scapes bearing several, rather small, racemose flowers, or but one. Lateral sepals lanceolate or linear-lanceo- late, 3-5-nerved, acute or acuminate ; petals linear to lanceolate, somewhat shorter than the sepals; lip linear or ligulate, somewhat fleshy, entire or undu- late; column free from the lip or but slightly adnate at the base, footless. Capsule oblong. [Anagram of Dinema, a related genus.] Two species or more, natives of the West Indies, the following typical. 1. Nidema Ottonis (Rchb. f.) Britton & Millspaugh. Epidendrum Ottojiis Rchb. f.; Gri?eb. Fl. Br. W. I. 613. 1864. Pseudobulbs narrowly oblong, clustered, compressed, 2-3.5 cm. long, 1- leaved. Leaf thin in texture, linear, 6-13 cm. long, 5-8 mm. wide, obtuse or acutish; scape very slender, little, if any, longer than the leaf, bearing several linear scales and 3-6 bracted whitish flowers; ovary shorter than the linear bract; sepals lanceolate, acuminate, about 8 mm. long; petals linear, acute, about 6 mm. long; lip linear, acute, undivided, about 5 mm. long; column free, claviform, 4 mm. long, 5-toothed; capsule oblong, about 1 cm. long. On tree, Blue Hills, New Providence, collected by Eggers (according to Cog- niaux). not found by us in the Bahamas: — Jamaica; Cuba; Hispaniola; Porto Rico ; Trinidad ; Venezuela. 17. TETRAMICRA Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 119. 1831. Mostly terrestrial orchids, without pseudobulbs, the roots thick fibers, the few subterete fleshy leaves basal, the pink to purple flowers in a simple raceme at the end of a slender sheathed scape. Bracts very small. Sepals about equal, distinct, spreading. Petals similar to the sepals. Lip 3-lobed, spread- ing, the lobes entire or nearly so. Column 2-winged. Anther convex, imper- fectly 4-celled; pollinia 4, waxy, appendaged. Capsule oblong, beakless. [Greek, small four.] About 8 species, of tropical America. Type species: Cyrtibidium rigidum Willd. 1. Tetramicra Urbaniana Cogn. in Urban, Symb. Ant. 6: 551. 1910. Roots few, thick, canescent. Leaves 2, lanceolate or oblong-ovate, 3 cm. long or less, acute or acuminate, fleshy; scape very slender, 2-4.5 dm. high, its small membranous sheaths appressed; raceme 2-5-flowered, the flowers dis- tant; bracts ovate, membranous, acute, 1-3 mm. long; pedicels 2-3 mm. long; ovary slender, 5-7 mm. long; sepals ovate or oblong, 5-nerved, about 4 mm. long ; petals linear, about as long as the sepals ; lip 4-6 mm. long, deeply 3- lobed, the lobes rounded; column narrowly 2-winged, 3 mm. long. On the ground, New Providence near Nassau : — Endemic. Bahama Tetramicra. ORCHIDACEAE. 95 18. LAELIOPSIS Lindl. in Paxton, Fl. Gar.l. 3: loo. 1853. Epiphytic orchids, with small oblong, l-leaved or 2-leave(l pseudobulbs, the leaves linear or oblong, coriaceous, the few or several large, rose or purple flowers in a terminal, long-peduncled raceme. Sepals equal, distinct, erect or somewhat spreading. Petals similar to the sepals, but a little broader. Lip broad, spreading, sometimes slightly 3-lobed, sessile at the base of the column. Anther terminal, 2-celled; pollinia 8. Capsule oblong to obovoid. [Greek, similar to Laelia.] Three or four species, inhabiting Cuba, .Jamaica, Ilisijaniola and the Bahamas, the following typical. 1. Laeliopsis domingensis Lindl. in Paxton, Fl. Gard. 3: 155, pi 105. 1853. Cattlei/a domingensis Lindl. Gen, & Sp. Orch. 118. 1831. Broughtonia lilacina Henfr. in Moore & Ayres, Gard. Mag. Bot. 3: 201. 1851. Broughtonia domingensis Rolfe, Gard. Chron. III. 5: 491. 1889. Cattleyopsis Northropioruni Cogn. in Urban, Symb. Ant. 6: 5^. 1910. Pseudobulbs narrow, 3-7 cm. long, 5-9 mm. in diameter. Leaves linear- oblong, 7-14 cm. long, 2 cm. wide or less, obtuse, the margin more or less erose-denticulate, the midvein prominent ; peduncle slender, terete, erect, 4-7 dm. long, with several distant scarious appressed sheaths; flowers 4-15; pedicels slender, 1.5-2 cm. long; bracts ovate, acute, about 2 mm. long; sepals lanceolate, acute, 5-7-nerved, 2.5-3 cm. long, 5-7 mm. wide ; petals 7-10 mm. wide; lip broadly obovate, 3-4 cm. long, emarginate, undulate; capsule 2-3 cm. long. On trees and shrubs in coastal coppices and pine-lands, Abaco and Great Ba- hama, Andros, South Bimini and Eleuthera : — Cuba ; Hispaniola ; Jamaica. 19. LIMODORUM L. Sp. PI. 950. 1753. Scapose terrestrial orchids, with round solid bulbs which arise from the bulb of the previous year, a leaf appearing the first season, succeeded in the following year by the scape. Flowers several in a loose terminal spike or raceme. Sepals and petals nearly alike, separate, spreading. Column elon- gated, 2-winged above. Anther terminal, operculate, sessile; pollinia solitary, 1 in each sac, loosely granular. Lip spreading, raised on a narrow Ktalk, dilated at the apex, bearded on the upper side with long club-shaped hair3. [Greek, a meadow-gift.] Five species of the eastern United States, the Bahamas and Cuba. Type species: Limodorum tuberosum L. 1. Limodorum Simpsoni Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 322. 1903. Cdlopogon pulcheUus Simpsoni Ames, Contr. Ames Bot. Lab. 1: IS. Ilypo- nym. 1904. Scape slender, erect, 3-7 dm. tall, bearing 1 or 2 short basal scales and usually but 1, linear, acute leaf 1-3 dm. long, borne near the base. Spike loosely few-flowered; bracts lanceolate, acute, usually much shorter than the ovary; flowers purple, rarely white; lateral sepals suborbicular, acute, about 18 mm. long; petals ovate-oblong, a little longer than the sepals; middle lobe of the lip 8-10 mm. wide, emarginate; capsule 1.5-2 cm. long. Savannas and pine-lands, Andros : — Florida : Cuba. Determined l)y Mrs. North- rop as L. tuberosum L., and referred to that species by CoKniaux. Soitiikrn Grass-pink. 96 OBCHIDACEAE. 20. BLETIA E. & P. Syst. 229. 1798. Terrestrial orchids, with globose or ovoid corms, narrow, elongated linear or lanceolate leaves, the slender sheathed scape arising from the side of the corm, the large purple or pink flowers in simple or branched racemes. Sepals nearly alike, ovate to oblong. Petals similar to the sepals. Lip broad, 5-7- crested, 3-lobed. Column elongated. Anther 2-celled; pollinia obovate, waxy. Capsules oblong, erect. [Commemorates L. Blet, a Spanish apothecary.] About 45 species, mostly of tropical America. Type species: Bletia catenulata E. & P. 1. Bletia purpurea (Lam.) DC. Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve 9: 100. 1841. Limodorum purpureum Lam. Encycl. 3: 515. 1789. Limodorum altum Jacq. Ic. Ear. 3: 17, pi. 602. 1786-93. Not. L. 1767. Bletia verecunda E. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew ed. 2, 5: 206. 1813. Corm subglobose, 2-3 cm in diameter; scape slender, 3-11 dm. high. Leaves 1.5-»5 dm. long, 1-2 cm. wide at about the middle, tapering to both ends, narrowed below into a sheath; sheaths of the scape 1-1.5 cm. long, ovate, appressed; bracts ovate, 4-5 mm. long, acute or acuminate; sepals 11-18 mm. long, acute, the median one ovate-lanceolate, the lateral ones ovate to oblong; petals oval, a little shorter than the sepals; lip 7-crested, nearly as long as the petals, its middle lobe notched, crenate crisped; capsule cylindric, 2.5-4 cm. long. Pine-lands and scrub-lands, Abaco, Great Bahama, Andros. New Providence, Eleuthera : — Florida : Cuba : Hispaniola ; Jamaica. Recorded by Hitchcock as Bletia alta (L.) Hitchc. Purple Bletia. 21. GOVENIA Lindl. in Lodd. Bot. Cab. pi. 1709. 1831. Terrestrial orchids Mith rootstocks, the leaves few, plaited, the stem erect, the rather small flowers in a simple, terminal, spike-like raceme. Sepals con- nivent, nearly equal, the median one erect, incurved. Petals similar to the sepals. Lip concave, simple. Column winged, incurved, its foot short. Anther incumbent, convex, 1-celled; pollinia 4, waxy, not appendaged. Capsule oblong. [Commemorates James Eobert Go wen, an English botanist, who died in 1862.] About 17 species, natives of tropical America. Type species: Govenia superha Lindl. 1. Govenia utriculata (Sw.) Lindl. Bot. Eeg. 25: Misc. 47. 1839. Cymhidium utricvlatum Sw. Nov. Act. Ups. 6: 75. 1799. Plant 3-7 dm. high, the stem rather stout, bearing large basal inflated bladeless sheaths and 1 or 2 broad leaves. Basal sheaths usually 2, mem- branous, 4-20 cm. long; leaves usually 2, elliptic, 1-2.7 dm. long, 5-9 cm. wide, acute or acuminate at the apex, narrowed at the base, finely many-nerved; cauline sheaths 1 or 2, obtuse, about 5 cm. long; raceme few-several-flowered, 1.5 dm. long or less; pedicels 3-5 mm. long; bracts narrowly lanceolate, 1-2 cm. long; flowers whitish; sepals about 1.5 cm. long, the lateral lanceolate, the median oblong; petals about as long as the sepals; lip ovate, acute,' about 9 mm. long; capsules deflexed, 2.5-3 cm. long. Coppices and pine-barrens. Abaco, Andros : — Cuba ; Hispaniola ; Porto Rico ; Jamaica ; Mexico to South America. Swollen Goa'exia. ORCHIDACEAE. 97 22. ONCIDIUM Sw. Vet. Akad. Stock. Handl. 21 : 239. 1800. Mostly epiphytic orchids, with or without pseudobulbs, the leaves flat or 3-edged, elongated or short, the stems short, the peduncles or scapes lateral, the flowers in loose racemes or panicles. Sepals nearly equal, spreading or reflexed, the lateral ones connate in some species. Petals similar to the median sepal. Lip clawed or sessile, 3-lobed, crested or tubercled, the middle lobe broad, notched or 2-cleft. Column short, winged, without a foot. Anther inclined, convex or semiglobose, 1-celled or imperfectly 2-celled; pollinia 2, waxy, not appendaged. Capsule ovoid to fusiform, beaked. [Greek, referring to the tubercled lip.] More than 400 species, natives of tropical and sub- tropical America. Type species: Oncidium carthaginense (Jacq.) Sw. Terrestrial; leaves 3-5 dm, long; scape 1 m. or more high. 1. O. sphacclatuin. Epiphytic ; leaves 1-1.5 dm. long ; scape 3-5 dm. long. Leaves elongated-linear. 2. O. hahamense. Leaves oblong-falcate. 3. 0. lucayanum. 1. Oncidium sphacelatum Lindl. Sert. Orch. under pi. 48. 1841. Pseudobulbs nearly cylindric, 8-12 cm. long, 1.5-2 cm. thick. Leaves linear, elongated, 3-10 dm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, flat, finely many-nerved; scape slender, 2 m. long or less, the flowers loosely panicled; bracts linear-lanceolate, 8-15 mm. long; pedicels slender, 1-2.5 cm. long; sepals lanceolate, about 16 mm. long, brownish, barred with yellow; petals similar to the sepals, but somewhat broader and shorter; lip bright yellow, about as long as the petals, its middle lobe 11-14 mm. wide; capsule oblong, about 2 cm. long. On the ground in pine-lands and coppices, Abaco, Great Bahama, Andros, New Providence, Watling's Island, Crooked Island : — Florida ; Cuba ; Central America. 2. Oncidium bahamense Nash, sp. nov. A stoloniferous plant, creeping along branches and tree trunks, with equitant leaves which are long, curved and narrow, and a raceme of yellow flowers much exserted beyond the leaves. Leaves up to 8, crowded at the base, the lower 1 or 2 short, triangular and scale-like; the larger ones up to 2 dm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, laterally compressed, acutely angled on the back, channeled on the upper side, smooth and glabrous, linear, acute; scape up to 4.5 dm. long, smooth and glabrous, with scattered ovate scarious acute scales 5-7 mm. long; raceme 5-7 cm. long, of 10-15 spreading flowers on slender pedicels up to 1 cm. long, the bracts ovate, acuminate, about 3 mm. long; dorsal sepal obovate-spatulate, concave, much narrowed at the base, emargi- nate and apiculate at the apex, 1-nerved, 5-6 mm. long, about 3 mm. wide at the broadest part when spread out; lateral sepals united to the apex into an obovate-cuneate concave body about 6 mm. long and 4 mm. wide when spread out, rounded-truncate at the apex, 2-nerved, running out into short apicula- tions: petals obovate, 5-nerved, undulate on the margins, apiculate at the apex, 7 mm. long and 5 mm. wide; lip sessile with a broad rounded base, 0-10 mm. long and 10-12 mm. wide, puberulent on the upper surface, of equal width at base and apex, 3-lobed, the lateral lobes spreading and somewhat reflexed, broad, rounded at the apex, irregularly crenulate on the margins, the middle lobe much broader than long, reniform, irregularly lobulate on the margins, strongly emarginate at the apex, apiculate, the crest with two processes, one of them with long lobes, the other smaller and with 3 lobes; column stout, about 2.5 mm. long, the wings puberulent, ovate, rounded at the base, obtuse at the apex, and extending considerably beyond the summit of the column, 3.5 mm. long and about 2 mm. wide. Type collected by L. J. K. Brace, at Eight Mile Rocks. Great Bahama. April 16- May 8, 19(i5, iw. 8C89, in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden. A 98 OEOHIDACEAE. specimen in the herbarium of Columbia University, collected bv John I. and Alice R. Northrop, on Andros Island, in May, 1890, no. 5-J3, doubtfully determined by Mrs. Northrop as O. syJvestre Lindl., is also this species ; it was also referred to O. sylvestre by Cogniaux. The plant recorded by Eaton and Setchell, and also by Dolley, from Abaco, collected by Herrick, is apparently this species. This orchid is related to Oncidhim sylvestre Lindl., but the longer leaves, smaller flowers, and the differences in the lip at once distinguish it. In O. sylvstre the leaves are not over 4 cm. long, the flowers are fully twice the size, and the lip has the lateral lobes very small ; in O. hahamense the lip is as broad across the lateral lobes as it is at the apex. 3. Oncidium lucayanum Nash, sp. no v. Plant with short compressed leaves and a few-flowered raceme. Leaves 4-6, crowded at the base, curved, spreading, acute, compressed, acutely angled on the back, channeled on the upper surface, wrinkled on the upper margins, smooth and glabrous, 1-1.5 cm. long and about 3 mm. wade; scape &*mooth and glabrous, with a few scattered ovate acute appressed scarious scales 3-4 mm. long; flowers on pedicels 5-7 mm. long; dorsal sepal oblanceolate-cuneate, acutish at the apex, narrowed toward the base, 7 mm. long and 2-2.5 mm. wide, the margins repand ; lateral sepals united into a concave 2-nerved oblance- olate-cuneate body which is 2-toothed at the apex, the teeth rounded and about 0.75 mm. long, about 8 mm. long and 2.5-3 mm. wide; petals lyrate-ovate, acute at the apex, abruptly narrowed below the middle into a claw about 2 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, 8 mm. long and 3-3.5 mm. wide, undulate on the margin; lip adnate to the column up to its wdngs by a bi-lamellate process, 8 mm, long and 7 mm. wide, sessile by a rounded or truncate base, 3-lobed, the lateral lobes 1.5-2 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, somewhat reflexed, rounded or a little acute at the base, merging into a hemispherical somewhat toothed isthmus which joins them to the middle lobe, the middle lobe flabellate, on a triangular claw, round-truncate and apiculate at the apex, irregularly lobulate on the margins, the crest of 3 lobes, the lateral divaricate, separated by a rounded protuberance, the middle lobe the largest and again 3-lobed; column 3-3.5 mm. long, the wings semiovate, rounded at the base, acute at the apex, irregularly lobed and extending somewhat beyond the summit of the column. Type, in the herbarium of Columbia University, collected by John I. and Alice R. Northrop, at Fresh Creek, Andros Island. June 10, 1890. no. 647. Resembles O. rariegatum considerably, but the sepals are nearly as long as the lip, and the middle lobe of the lip flabellate while in O. rariegatum the sepals do not exceed one half the length of the lip which has the middle lobe reniform and sessile. Referred by Cogniaux to 0. Leiboldi Rchb. f. Oncidium variegatum Sw. is recorded by Cogniaux as collected on Andros (Northrop 587) but our specimens of this number appear to be 0. lucayanum. We have fruiting specimens of apparently the same plant from Abaco and Great Bahama. A small Oncidium, collected on Cat Island, died before flowering. Sub class 2. DICOTYLEDONES. Embryo of the seed with two cotyledons (in a few genera one only), the first leaves of the germinating plantlet opposite. Stem exogenous, of pith, wood and bark (endogenous in structure in Nymphaeaceae), the wood in one or more layers surrounding the pith, traversed by medullary rays and covered by the bark. Leaves usually pinnately or palmately veined, the veinlets forming a net- work. Parts of the flower rarely in 3 's or 6 's. Dicotyledonous plants are first definitely known in Cretaceous time. They constitute between two-thirds and three-fourths of the living angiospermous flora. DICOTYLEDOXES. 99 Series I. Choripetalae. Petals separate and distinct from each other, or wanting. The series is also known as Archichlamideae, and comprises most of the families formerly grouped under Apetalae (without petals) and Polypetalae (with separate petals). Exceptions to the typical feature of separate petals are found in the Fabaceae, in which the two lower petals are more or less united ; in the Fumariaceae, where the two inner petals or all four of them are sometimes coherent; in some Crassulaceae ; the Polygalaceae, in which the three petals are united with each other, and with the stamens ; Oxalidaceae and Ilicaceae, whose five petals are sometimes joined at the base. t Petals none (except in family rortulacaceae and in most Caryoiihyllacpae, which are herbs with the leaves nearly always opposite, the seeds with endosperm). Calyx none (except in some of the Santalales, and sometimes in Casuarinaceae). Loosely jointed trees, the leaves reduced to verticillate scales. Plants not loosely jointed ; leaves normal. Herbs with small perfect flowers in spikes. Trees or shrubs ; staminate flowers, and some- times also the pistillate, in aments. Leaves simple. Leaves odd-pinnate or trifoliolate ; fruit a nut enclosed in a husk, or drupe-like. Calyx present. Flowers monoecious, dioecious or polygamous, ovary superior, 1-celled. Flowers dioecious or perfect ; ovary inferior, at least in part. Ovary 1-celled. Ovary several-celled (usually 6-celled) ; flowers perfect. Flowers mostly perfect ; ovary superior. Embryo straight or nearly so ; fruit an achene. Embryo coiled, curved or annular ; fruit not an achene. tt Petals present (wanting in Ceratophyllaceae. aquatic herbs with whorled dissected leaves; in many Ranunculaceae ; in Lauraceae, alternate-leaved aromatic trees and shrubs; in Zunthoxijlum, pinnate-leaved trees of the Uutaceae : in in:my Euphorbiaceae ; in some species of Ludicigia in Onagraceae ; in Proserpinaca of the Haloragidaceae). A. Ovary superior, free from the califx (partly or wholly inferior in Loasaceae). Carpels solitary, or several and distinct (united in some Nymphaeaceae) ; sta- mens mostly hypogynous and more numerous than the sepals ; sepals mostly Order 1. Casuarinales. Order 2. PiPERALES. Order 3. Myricales. Order 4. JUGLANDALES. Order 5. Urticales. Order G. Saxtalales. Order 7 Aristolochiales Order 8. POIAGONALES. Order 9. Chenopodiaijcs, distinct. Carpels 2 or more, united into a compound ovary ; stamens hypogynous ; sepals mostly distinct. Carpels solitary, or several and distinct, or some- times united ; stamens mostly perigynous or epi- gynous ; sepals mainly united or confluent with the concave receptacle (hypanthium ». Carpels united into a compound ovary ; sepals mostly distinct. Stamens few, rarely more than twice as many as the petals. Stamens as many as the sepals or fewer and opposite them, or more numerous. Ovules pendulous, the raphe toward the axis of the ovary. Ovules pendulous, the raphe away from the axis of the ovary, or erect, or as- cending. Stamens as many as the sepals and alter- nate with them, opposite the petals when these are present ; ovules erect. Stamens usually very numerous (except in Violaceae and Passifloraceae) ; disc in- conspicuous, or none. Order 10. Hanales. Order 11. Papaverales. Order 12. Rosai.es. (^rder 1."?. Oeramai.es. Order 14. Sapimui.ks. Order 1"). Riiamnales. 100 CASUAEINACEAE. Sepals valvate ; placentae united in the axis. Order 16. Malvales. Sepals or calyx-segments imbricated or con- volute ; placentae mainly parietal, sometimes united in the axis. Sepals separate. Order 17. Hypericales. Sepals united. Order 18. Passiflokales. B. Ovary inferior, annate to the calyx. ivhoJly or in part (except in Lythraceae where it is usually merely enclosed by it). Herbs with barbed or stinging hairs. Order 19. Loasales. Plants without barbed or stinging hairs. Fleshy spiny plants, with jointed stems, the leaves mostly very small or none ; calyx-seg- ments and petals several or numerous. Order 20. Opuntiales. Herbs, shrubs or trees, not fleshy or spiny ; calyx-segments rarely more than 5. Ovules several or numerous in each cavity of the ovary (except in Haloragidaceae, aquatic herbs). Order 21. Myrtales. Ovule 1 in each cavity of the ovary. Order 22. Ammiales. Order 1. CASUARINALES. Trees or shrubs, with very slender, .iointed, anj^'led branches and tmgs, the leaves reduced to minute verticillate scales at the nodes, the scales sometimes connate, the small imperfect bracted flowers in terminal spikes or cone-like heads. Staminate flowers T\dth 1 or 2 sepals and 1 stamen with a large anther. Pistillate flowers without a perianth; ovary small, 1-eelled; style short, with 2 slender branches; ovules 1 or 2, ascending. Fruit a cone-like mass of accrescent bracts, subtending winged achenes. Seed with a membranous testa and no endosperm, the embryo straight. Family 1. CASUARINACEAE Lindl. Beef-wood Family. Only one genus, with about 25 species, most abundant in Australasia. 1. CASUARINA Forst. Char. Gen. PI. 104. 1776. Characters of the order. [From the zoological name of the Cassowary.] The following species is typical. 1. Casuarina equisetifolia Forst. Char. Gen. PI. 104. 1776. A tree, reaching in the American tropics a maximum height of about 20 m.., with a trunk up to 1 m. in diameter, much larger in Australia, with long and slender branches, the upper ones erect or nearly so, the dark brown bark fur- rowed. Twigs angular, very slender, drooping; leaves 6-8 in each whorl, only ]-3 mm. long, acute, appressed, ciliate, decurrent on the twigs; staminate flowers in slender terminal cylindrie spikes 1-4 cm. long, the bracts imbricated, the anthers exserted; pistillate flowers in lateral dense subglobose heads whicli become about 2 cm. in diameter in fruit. Sandy sea shores, spontaneous after cultivation, Abaco, Andros, New Provi- dence, Eleuthera, Crooked Island, the Caicos. Grand Turk, and Inagua : — A native of Australia more or less naturalized in Florida, the West Indies and Yucatan. Erroneously called Spanish Cedar. Beef-wood. MYRICACEAE. 101 Order 2. PIPERALES. Dicotyledonous plants, with neither petals nor sepals, the spicate flowers bracteolate. Family 1. PIPERACEAE H.B.K. Pepper Family. Herbs, shrubs or rarely small trees, with alternate, opposite or verticil- late leaves, almost always entire-margined, the mostly minute bracteolate flowers in spikes or rarely in racemes. Perianth none. Stamens mostly 2-6, hypog-ynous; anthers erect, terminal, their sacs distinct or confluent, longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary sessile or rarely stipitate, 1-celled, 1- ovuled; style 1; ovule erect, orthotropous. Fruit baccate, indehiscent. Seed solitary, the testa membranous, the endosperm copious, the embiyo minute. About 6 genera with over 1000 species, mostly of tropical distribution. 1. PEPEROMIA E. & P. Prodr. 8. 1794. Herbs, mostly succulent, with alternate, opposite or verticillate leaves, the flowers in slender, solitary or clustered spikes, subtended by circular or elliptic bracts. Stamens 2 ; filaments short. Ovary mostly sessile, sometimes stalked, sometimes beaked ; stigma terminal or lateral. Berry very small, globose, oblong or ellipsoid, viscid. [Greek, pepper.] Six hundred species or more, mostly of tropical America. Type species: Peperomia secunda R. & P. 1. Peperomia spathulifolia Small, sp. nov. Plants mainly terrestrial, strongly aromatic. Stems and branches decum- bent, partly creeping; leaf-blades cuneate to spatulate, 6-11 cm. long, rounded, truncate or notched at the apex, glabrous, bright-green, obscurely veined, ex- cept sometimes in drying, acuminate at the base or attenuate into long or rather long petioles; inflorescence with a slender often elongate stalk, with one to five slender recurved-nodding branches; spikes mostly 1-2 dm. long, yel- lowish, the rachis less than 2.5 mm. thick, slender-tipped ; bracts orbicular, about 0.3 mm. in diameter; anthers about 0.25 mm. in diameter; berries not densely crowded, broadly ellipsoid or ovoid, nearly 1 mm. long, rounded at the base, the beak much shorter than the body, strongly curved or hooked. Deep woods. Abaco, in coppice at Eight Mile Bay : — Florida ; Haiti. Sp.\tu- LATE-LEAVED WiLD PEPPER. Order 3. MYRICALES. Shrubs or trees, wdth simple leaves and small monoecious or dioecious flowers in aments. Perianth none. Ovaiy 1-celled; style short; stigmas 2. Ovule erect, orthotropous. Endosperm none. Only one family. Family 1. MYRICACEAE Dumort. Bayberry Family. Leaves alternate, mostly coriaceous and aromatic. Flowers solitary in the axils of the bracts. Staminate flower with 2-16 (usually 4-8) stamens 102 PICRODENDEACEAE. inserted on the receptacle; filaments short; anthers ovate, 2-eelled, thi sacs longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary subtended by 2-8 bractlets; stigmas linear. Fruit a small drupe or nut, the exocarp often waxy. Seed erect. Cotyledons plano-convex. Radicle short. Two genera and about 36 species. • 1. MYRICA L. Sp. PI. 1024. 1753. Leaves entire, dentate or lobed, mostly resinous-dotted. Staminate aments ohlong or narrowly cylindric, expanding before or with the leaves. Stamens 4-8. Pistillate aments ovoid or subglobose; ovary subtended by 2-4, mostly short, bractlets. Drupe globose or ovoid, its exocarp waxy. [Ancient Greek name of the Tamarisk.] About 35 species, widely distributed. Type species: Myrica Gale L, 1. Myrica cerifera L. Sp. PL 1024. 1753. Cerotliamnus ceriferus Small, PI. Miami 61. 1912. A slender dioecious shrub, or a tree, sometimes 12 m. high, with a trunk 5 dm, in diameter, the bark gray, nearly smooth. Leaves narrow, oblong or oblanceolate, mostly acute, entire or sparingly dentate, narrowed at the base, fragrant, short-petioled, dark green above, paler and sometimes pubescent beneath, golden-resinous, 2-8 cm. long, unfolding with or before the aments; staminate aments cylindric; pistillate aments short, oblong; ripe drupes globose, bluish white, waxy, tipped with the base of the style, long-persistent. Sandy thickets, coppices and pine-lands, Abaco, Andros. Great Bahama. New Providence. Eleuthera, Cat Island, and Acklin's Island: — New Jersey southward along the coast to the Florida Keys and to Texas : Bermuda : Cuba ; Hispaniola ; Porto Rico. Bay-bekry. Wax-berry. Mickle-berry. Wild Tea. Order 4. JUGLANDALES. Trees with alternate pinnately compound or trifoliolate leaves, and monoecious or dioecious bracteolate flowers, the staminate in long drooping aments, the pistillate solitary or several together. Staminate flowers con- sisting of 3-numerous stamens with or without an irregularly lobed perianth adnate to the bractlet, very rarely with a rudimentary ovary. Anthers erect, 2-celled, the sacs longitudinally dehiscent; filaments short. Pistillate flowers with a 3-5-lobed calyx or with both calyx and petals, and a 1-celled or 2— 4-celled ovaiy. Ovules solitain^ or 2, erect, orthotropous ; styles 1 or 2. Fruit a drupe with indehiscent or dehiscent, fibrous, fleshy or woody exo- carp, enclosing the bony endocarp or nut which is 2-^-celled. Seed large, 2-4-lobed. Endosperm none. Cotyledons corrugated, Two families, that of the Walnuts ( Juglandaceae) and the following. Family 1. PICRODENDRACEAE Small. Rough-barked trees, or shrubs, with bitter wood, alternate, slender- petioled, 3-foliolate leaves, and dioecious flowers, the pistillate ones solitaiy, axillary, peduneled, the staminate in long drooping aments. Staminate flowers each subtended by 3 bracts, the middle bract the larger; perianth none ; stamens many, clustered ; filaments glabrous, shorter than the anthers TJLMACEAE. 103 or as lono-; anthers oval, sparingly pubescent. Calyx of the pistillate flowers small, 4-partecl, the lobes or sepals narrow, deciduous; jietals none; ovary sessile, 2-celled; ovules 2 in each cavity; style columnar; stigmas subu- late, longer than the style. Drupe globose or oval, stalked. Seed solitary. Only the following genus. 1. PICRODENDRON Planch, in Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. 5: 579. 1846. Characters of the family. [Greek, bitter tree.] Three species, natives of the Bahamas, Jamaica, Cuba and Hispaniola. Type species: Juglans haccaia L. (Picrodendron ar'boreum Macfad.). 1. Picrodendron macrocarpum (A. Eich.) Britton, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 139. 1906. Schmidelia macrocarpa A. Eich. in Sagra, Hist. Cub. 10: 116. yl. 30. 1845. Picrodendron haocatum bahamense Krug & Urban, Bot. Jahrb. 15: 308. 1893. A tree, up to 20 m. high, or sometimes a shrub. Petioles minutely pubes- cent, 2-8 cm. long; leaflets 1.5-9 cm. long, oblong, oval or obovate, usually rounded or emarginate at the apex, narrowed or cuneate at the base, finely pubescent, or becoming glabrate, finely reticulate-veined; calyx yellowish, the narrowly linear-lanceolate lobes 2.5-3.5 mm. long; drupe oval or ovoid, 2-2.5 cm. long, longer than its stalk. Rocky coppices, Abaco. Andros, New Providence. Eleutliera, Cat Island, Great Guana Cay. and Lons Island : — Cuba. Referred by Dolley to Picrodendron juylans Griseb. Erroneously called Olive. Black Wood. Catesby. 2 : ijI. 32. Order 5. URTICALES. Trees, shrubs or herbs, the flowers with a calyx but without corolla, small, not borne in aments, monoecious, dioecious or polygamous; ovary 1-celled, superior. Fruit not an achene ; trees, shrubs or herbs : ovule pendulous. Trees with alternate leaves, the sap not milky. Fam. 1. Flmaceae. Trees with alternate leaves and milky sap. Fam, 2. Moraceae. Fruit an achene ; herbs with small clustred greenish flowers ; ovule erect or ascending. Fam. 3. Urticaceae. Family 1. ULMACEAE Mirbel. Elm Family. Trees or shrubs, with alternate simple serrate potioled ]->innately-veined stipulate leaves, the stipules usually fugacious. Flowers small, monoe- cious, dioecious, perfect or polygamous, clustered, or the pistillate solitary. Perianth 3-9-parted or of 3-9 distinct sepals. Petals none. Stamens in our species as many as the perianth-lobes or sei^als and opposite them ; filaments straight; anthers ovate or oval, longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary 1-celled (rarely 2-celled), mostly superior; ovule solitary, pendulous, ana- tropous or amphitropous; styles or stigmas 2. Fruit a samara, dru]ie or nut. Endosperm of the seed little or none. End)ryo straight or curved; cotyledons mostly flat. About 13 genera and 140 species, widely dis- tributed in temperate and tropical regions. 104 MORACEAE. 1. TREMA Lour. Flor. Coch. 562. 1790. Tall shrubs or trees, unarmed, usually pubescent. Leaves alternate, toothed, 3 -nerved at the base, equilateral or only slightly inequilateral, short- petioled, the stipules lateral. Flowers small, mostly monoecious or polyg- amous, greenish or whitish, the perfect mostly fertile, in axillary cymes. Sepals of pistillate flowers induplicate-valvate, those of the perfect flowers slightly imbricated. Stamens 4 or 5. Ovary sessile. Stigmas 2, entire. Ovule pendulous. Drupe ovoid to globose. [Name unexplained.] Some 30 tropical species. Type species: Trema cannabina Lour. 1. Trema Lamarckiana (R. & S.) Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd. 2: 58. 1853. Celtis LamarcJciana R. & S. Syst. 6: 311. 1820. Sponia Lamarcliana Decn. Nouv. Ann. Mus. Paris 3: 498. 1834. Trema Lima Hitch. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4: 129. 1893. A tree, up to 8 m. high, the trunk sometimes 3 dm. in diameter, or more often a shrub 1.5-3.5 m. high, the twigs slender, rough-pubescent. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, short-petioled, 5 cm. long or less, very rough on the upper side, 3-nerved at the base, reticulate-veined and finely tomentose beneath; flowers only about 2 mm. wide, the staminate clusters sessile, the pistillate short- stalked; fruit ovoid, about 3 mm. long, smooth. Scrub-lands and coppices. Great Bahama, Andros. Mangrove Cay. St. George's Cay, New Providence. Rose Island. Hog Island, Eleuthera, Great Guana Cay, Wat- ling's, Crooked Island and Mariguana : — Florida : Bermuda ; Cuba to Porto Rico ; Montserrat to St. Vincent. Lamarck's Trema. Paik-ix-back. Family 2. MORACEAE Lindl. Mulberry Family. Trees, shrubs or herbs, mostly with milky sap, petioled stipulate leaves, and small monoecious or dioecious axillary clustered flowers, or the pistil- late flow^ers solitary in some exotic g-enera. Calyx mostly 4— 5-parted. Petals none. In Ficus the minute flowers are wholly inclosed in receptacles. Staminate flow^ers panieled, spicate or capitate, the stamens as many as the calyx-segiuents. Pistillate flowers capitate, spicate or cymose. Ovary superior, 1-celled in our genus. Ovule solitary, pendulous, ana- tropous. Styles 1 or 2. About 55 genera and 925 species, natives of temperate and tropical regions. 1. FICUS [Tourn.] L. Sp. PI. 1059. 1753. Woody plants, mostly large trees, with milky sap, weak wood, and alter- nate leaves Avith interpetiolar stipules. Flowers minute, wholly enclosed in receptacles, the staminate with 1, 2 or 3 stamens with short, stout filaments, the pistillate with a sessile 1-celled ovary, the style lateral, the ovule anat- ropous. Aehenes enclosed in the receptacle. [Latin fig.] Some 600 species, of tropical and warm regions. Type species: Ficus Carica L. Receptacles normally sessile. 1. P. aurea. Receptacles peduncled. Leaves 6 cm. long or less, short-petioled. 2. P. jacqttinifolia. Leaves 3-10 cm. long, long-petioled. 3. P. hrevifoUa. URTICACEAE. 105 1. Ficus aurea Xutt. Sylva 2: 4. 1846. Ficvs sapotaefolia Kiinth & Bouche, Ind. Sem. Ilort. Berol. 1846: 17 1846. Ficus dimidiata Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I, 151. 1859. A tree, attaining a maximum height of about 20 m. with a trunk dianicter up to 1.2 m., the stout branches spreading, s-cnding down aerial roots which sometimes reach the ground and form secondary trunks, the thick, nearly smooth bark gray, the stout twigs yellow, glabrous. Leaves oblong or elliptic, firm in texture, 5-10 cm. long, acute or short-acuminate at the apex, narrowed or obtuse at the base, glabrous, the petioles 1-6 cm. long; figs obovoid, sessile (rarely short-stalked), yellow or red, 6-15 mm. in diameter. Sandy and rocky soil, Abaco, Great Bahama, Berry Islands. Cat Cay, Andres, New Providence. Eleiithera, Cat Island and Great Exiima : — Florida ; Cuba ; His- paniola ; Jamaica. Golden Wild Fig. Erroneously called Banyam. 2. Ficus jacquinifolia A. Eich. in Sagra, Hist. Cub. 11: 221. 1850. A tree up to 15 m. high with a trunk 1 m. in diameter, usually much smaller and sometimes shrubby, the smooth bark pale gray or nearly white, the branches often emitting many aerial roots, the twigs slender, glabrous. Leaves obovate to oblong, coriaceous, 2-6 cm. long, acute or rounded at the apex, nar- rowed or obtuse at the base, glabrous, finely many-veined, the petioles 2-5 mm. long; figs globose, in pairs or solitary, 3-5 mm. in diameter, on peduncles 2-4 mm. long, the ostiolum prominent. The leaves of shoots are sometimes con- siderably larger than those of older branches. Coppice and pine-lands, Abaco, Great Bahama. Andros. ^[angrove Cay, New Providence and Cat Island : — Cuba. Referred to F. pcrtusa L. f., by Hitchcock, Dolley and Mrs. Northrop. Small-leaved Wild Fig. 3. Ficus brevifolia Nutt. Sylva 2: 3. 1846. Ficus populnea hahamensis Warb. in Urban, Symb. Ant. 3: 473. 1903. A tree, reaching a maximum height of about 15 m. with a trunk up to 5 dm. thick, the branches spreading, the smooth bark brownish, the twigs slender, glabrous, or sparingly pubescent when young. Leaves rather thin, glabrous, ovate or oval, 3-10 cm. long, acijte or obtuse at the apex, rounded or cordate at the base, the slender j^etioles 1.5-4 cm. long; figs globose or globose-obovoid, 7-12 mm. in diameter, on peduncles 4-20 mm. long, red when mature, the ostiolum not prominent. Rocky and sandy soil, throughout the archipelago from Abaco and Great Ba- hama to Andros, Caicos Islands and Inagua : — Florida: Cuba: Santo I>onilngo. Closely related to F. laevigata Vahl. of Porto Rico and the Lesser Antilles, to which species it was referred by Hitchcock ; recorded by Mrs. Northrop as F. pedunculata Willd. Short-leaved Wild Fig. Catesl)y 2 : App. pi. IS. Family 3. URTICACEAE Rehb. Nettle Family. Herbs (some tropical species shrubs or trees), with watoiy sap. mostly stipulate simple leaves, and small areenish dioecious, monoecious or i>oly- gamous flowers, variously clustered. Calyx 2-^')-cleft, or of distinct sepals. Petals none. Stamens in the staminate flowers as many as the lobes or segments of the calyx (sepals) and opposite them, the filaments inflexed and anthers reversed in the bud, straightening at anthesis. Ovary superior, 1-celled; style simple; ovule solitary, erect or ascending, orthotropous, or 106 UETICACEAE. in some genera partly ampbitropous. Fruit an achene. Endosperm oily, usually not copious; embryo straigbt. About 40 genera and 550 species of wide geograpbic distribution. Herbs with stinging hairs. 1, Fleurya. Herbs without stinging hairs. Stigma penicellate. 2. Pilea. Stigma not penicellate. 3. Rousselia. 1. FLEURYA Gaud. Bot. Voy. Freyc. 497. 1830. Annual herbs, vcith stinging hairs similar to those of nettles, alternate petioled dentate leaves, and minute clustered monoecious or dioecious flowers. Staminate flowers with a 4-5-parted perianth, 4 or 5 stamens and a rudimentary ovary. Pistillate flowers with 4 imbricated perianth-segments, a somewhat oblique ovary, the stigma papillose; ovule erect. Fruit an oblique achene. [Commemorates J. F. Fleury, French botanist.] About 8 species, of tropical regions. Type species: Fleurya paniculata Gaud. 1. Fleurya aestuans (L.) Gaud.; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I. 154. 1859. Urtica aestuans L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1397. 1763. Erect or ascending, simple or little-branched, 3-9 dm. high, the stinging hairs copious or few. Leaves thin, ovate or ovate-orbicular, 2-12 cm. broad, coarsely and sharply dentate, acute or acuminate at the apex, rounded or sub- cordate at the base, the petioles 1-10 cm. long; panicles androgynous, shorter than or equalling the leaves, slender-peduncled; achene ovate, compressed, about 2.5 mm. long. A weed in waste places. New Providence at Nassau and Grant's Town : — Haiti to Tortola and Trinidad ; Jamaica ; continental tropical America. West In- dian Nettle. Cow-itch. 2. PILEA Lindl. Coll. pi. 4. 1821. Herbs, with opposite petioled mostly 3-nerved leaves, connate stipules, and small monoecious or dioecious flowers in axillary clusters. Staminate flowers mostly 4-parted (sometimes 2- or 3-parted) and with a rudimentary ovary. Pistillate flowers 3-parted, the segments in most species unequal, each subtend- ing a staminodium- in the form of a concave scale; ovary straight; stigma sessile, penicillate. Achene compressed. Seed-coat thin. Endosperm scanty or none. [Name unexplained.] About 160 species, chiefly in the tropics, most abundant in tropical America. Type species: Pilea muscosa Lindl. Leaves firm, thick or succulent: stems erect. 1. P. microphxiUa. Leaves very thin and flaccid, slender-petioled ; stems prostrate. 2. P. tenerrima. 1. Pilea microphyUa (L.) Liebm. Vid. Selsk. Skr. V. 2: 296. 1851. Parietaria micropJiyUa L. Syst. ed. 10, 1308. 1759. Pilea muscosa Lindl. Coll. pi. 4. 1821. Annual or biennial, slender, glabrous. Stems erect or ascending, or some- times creeping at the base, 5-30 cm. long, fleshy, simple or mostly branched; leaves elliptic or oblanceolate, 4^10 mm. long, acute or aeutish at the apex, entire, acuminate at the base, transversely wrinkled; petioles filiform, shorter than the blades; flower-clusters very small, shorter than the petioles; sepals ovate, very thin, aeutish; achenes oblong, lenticular. On walls and in waste rocky places, New Providence, Eleuthera, Great Exuma : — Bermuda ; Florida ; West Indies ; continental tropical America. Lace- plant. URTICACEAE. 107 2. Pilea tenerrima Miquel, Linnaea 26: 219. 1854. Stems very slender or nearly filiform, usually tufted, prostrate or nearly so, somewhat fleshy, 3-10 cm. long, more or less branched. Leaves suborbicu- 'lar or obovate, usually thin and flaccid, the blades 3-6 mm. long, rounded or obtuse at the apex, obliquely narrowed or obtuse at the base, the raphides linear, 0.3-0.5 mm. long, irregularly transverse, the slender petioles 2-5 mm. long; flowers and achenes similar to those of the preceding species of which it may be a slender, small-leaved race. Crevices of rocks, Andros, Eleuthera, Rum Cay, Long Island, Acklin's and South Caicos : — Florida; Cuba; St. Jan; Ariegada ; Curasao; Jamaica. Tliis plant has been confused with P. hcrniurioides (Sw.) Lindl., of wet mountain rocks In Cuba and Jamaica. Small lace-plant. 3. ROUSSELIA Gaud. Bot. Voy. Freyc. 503. 1830. A low, diffuse, perennial herb, without stinging hairs, the leaves alternate, entire, the small axillary flowers monoecious. Staminate flowers in small racemes, the calyx 4-parted, the stamens 4, the ovary rudimentary. Pistillate flowers geminate, 2-bracted, sessile, the bracts foliaceous; calyx ovoid, dentate; ovary straight; style filiform, curved, plumose on one side. Achene flat, ovate, acute, surrounded by the bracts. Seed with a membranous testa and scanty endosperm. [Commemorates H. F. A. de Roussel, professor at Caen.] A monotypic genus. 1. Rousselia humilis (Sw.) Urban, Symb. Ant. 4: 205. 1905. Urtica humilis Sw. Vet. Akad. Stockh. Handl. 6: 34. 1785. Urtica lappulacea Sw. loc. eit. 8: 69. 1787. Eoiisselia lappulacea Gaud. Bot. Voy. Freyc. 503. 1830. Pubescent; stems slender, branched, prostrate or ascending, 1-4 dm. long. Leaves ovate, membranous, 3-nerved, 0.5-3 cm. long, acute or obtuse at the apex, rounded at the base; stipules minute; bracts of the pistillate flowers ovate, 3-4 mm. long, entire; achene shining, about 2 mm. long. On rocks, New Providence at Nassau: — Cuba to St, Thomas; Jamaica. Rous- selia, Order 6. S ANT AL ALES. Trees, or shrubs, and a few species herbaceous, many of them para- sitic on the roots or branches of other plants, Avith simple, mostly entire leaves, and inconspicuous clustered perfect or imperfect flowers, the corolla present or wanting. Ovary partly or wholly inferior, compound. Stamens as many or twice as many as the sepals or petals. Fruit various. Seeds mostly with fleshy endosperm. A large order, mostly tropical. Green parasites with opposite leaves. Fnm. 1. Loranthaceae. Trees or shrubs, mostly with alternate leaves. i^am. -. ulacaceah.. 108 LORAXTHACEAE. Family 1. LORANTHACEAE D. Don. ]\IiSTLETOE Family. Parasitic green sbrabs or herbs, containing cbloropbyll, growing on woody plants and absorbing food from their sap through specialized roots called haustoria (a few tropical species terrestrial). Leaves in the following genera opposite, in Razoumofskya reduced to opposite scales. Flowers regular, terminal or axillary, dioecious or monoecious, and peri- anth simple, or in some genera perfect, and with perianth of both calyx and corolla. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary. Stamens 2-6. Ovary soli- tary, erect; style simple or none; stigma terminal, undivided, obtuse. Fruit a berry. Seed solitary, its testa indistinguishable from the endo- sperm, which is usually copious and fleshy; embryo terete or angled. About 21 genera and 500 species, widely distributed; most abundant in tropical regions. Perianth of two series of parts ; flowers mostly perfect. 1. Dendropemon. Perianth of one series of parts ; flowers imperfect. 2. Phoradendron. 1. DENDROPEMON Blume, in Schultes, Syst. 7: 1729. 1830. Parasitic shrubs, with opposite, coriaceous or somewhat fleshy, mostly flat leaves, and small, axillary, bracteolate flowers in simple axillary spikes or racemes, the bractlets connate, eupiilate. Calyx-limb truncate or 4-6 toothed, Petals usually 5 or 6, small. Stamens short, borne at the base of the petals; anthers dorsifixed. Style short; stigma terminal. Fruit a small, fleshy berry. [Greek, injurious to trees.] About 15 species, natives of the West Indies. Type species: Loranthus parvifolius Sw. Plants glabrous, not scaly. Leaves long-petioled ; berry oblong to obovoid. 1. D. purpureus. Leaves subsessile ; berry subglobose. 2. D. brevipes. Inflorescence scaly. Leaves mostly acute ; twigs angular : inflorescence densely scaly. 3. D. hahamensis. Leaves rounded, emarginate or cuspidulate ; twigs terete ; inflorescence lightly scaly. 4. D. emarginatus. 1. Dendropemon purpureus (L.) Krug & Urban, Bot. Jahrb. 24: 26. 1897. ViscuTri' purpureum L. Sp. PI. 1023. 1753. Loranthus iiniflorus A. Eich. Ess. Fl. Cub. 648. 1845. Xot. Jacq. 1760. Smooth, not at all scaly; branches 2-4 dm. long, a little flattened when young, soon terete. Leaves obovate or oblanceolate, 3-6 cm. long, obtuse, sub- truncate or acute at the apex and usually mucronulate, rarely retuse, narrowed at the base, the petioles 3-12 mm. long; racemes glabrous, several-many- flowered, as long as the leaves or shorter, the peduncles somewhat flattened; pedicels 1-3 mm. long; bractlets connate to about the middle; flowers reddish; berry obovoid-cylindric, blue-black, or red, or black with a red base, 5-8 mm. long. On trees, Andros, New Providence, Caicos : — Cuba ; Hispaniola ; Porto Rico. Catesby 2 : pi. 95. Smooth Mistletoe. 2. Dendropemon brevipes Britton, sp. nov. Smooth throughout, not at all scaly ; young branches slightly flattened, the older terete, 3 dm. long or less. Leaves oval to elliptic-obovate, dull green, LOEANTHACEAE. 109 2.5-4 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, roiinded or minutely apiculate at the apex, nar- rowed at the base, the midvein prominent on the under side, the lateral vena- tion obscure, the petioles about 0.5 mm. long; inflorescence peduncled, few- flowered, short-racemose; peduncles about one-half as long as the leaves; pedicels 3 or 4 mm. long; bractlets connate to about the middle; calyx trun- cate; fruit subglobose, bluish purple, 8-9 mm. in diameter. On Sirirtrnia Mahagoni, Long Island near Clarence Town on Galloway Road Britton <& Mills paugh 632.'f.) Short-stalked Mistletoeu 3. Dendropemon Tbahamensis Britton, sp. nov. Similar to D. emarginaius, but the twigs strongly angled, not scaly. Leaves ovate-elliptic to elliptic-obovate, 5 cm. long or less, 1.5-3 cm. wide, acute, acutish or rounded at the apex, narrowed at the base; petioles stout, about 2 mm. long; rachis of the inflorescence densely Avhite-scaly, 3 cm. long or less; calyx densely white-scaly, broadly triangular, 3 mm. long in fruit, its teeth broadly triangular, horny, glabrous; ripe fruit cylindrie with a conic apex, red-brown, 9 mm. long, 5 mm. thick. On TAjsilomo Sahicu, Nassau, New Providence (Britton and Br. type ; Brace 3^27) ; on the same host, Haynes Road, Great Exuma {Britton & Millspaugh 2975) ; on Conocnrpus ereeta; Georgetown, Great Exnma (Britton d- MilUpdugh 2!)(i(;\ . Presumably recorded by Dolley as Loranthus parviflorus Sw. Bahama Mistletoe. 4. Dendropemon emarginatus (Sav.) Steud. Xomencl. ed. 2, 491. 1841. Loranthus emarginatus Sw. Prodr. 58. 1788. Dendropemon emarginatus lepidotus Krug & Urban, Bot. Jahrb. 24: 25. 1897. Stems rather stout, terete, 3-4 dm. long, the twigs terete or very nearly so, usually scaly. Leaves obovate or elliptic-obovate, 2-7 cm. long, rounded or emarginate at the apex, narrowed or cuueate at the bafe, the petioles 2-6 mm. long; inflorescence scaly, several-flowered, 2-5 cm. long, the peduncles terete or slightly angular, the pedicels 1 mm. long or less; bracts connate; calyx more or less scaly, its teeth short ; berry cylindrie, 6-8 mm. long, black, or red with a black base. On Ficus and Elaphrium Simantha, Andros : — Cuba ; Ilispaniola. Scaly Mistletoe. 2. PHORADENDRON Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. II. 1: 185. 1848. Shrubs, parasitic on trees, mostly brittle at the nodes, with opposite coriaceous flat leaves, sometimes reduced to locales (cataphyls), terete or angled twigs, and monoecious or dioecious axillary spicate bracted small flowers, solitary or several in the axil of each bract. Staminate flowers with a 3-lobed (rarely 2-4-lobed) calyx, bearing a sessile transversely 2-celled anther at the base of each lobe. Pistillate flowers with a similar calyx adnate to the ovoid inferior ovary; style short; stigma obti-se or capitate. Fruit a sessile fleshy berry. Endosperm, copious. [Greek, tree-thief, from its parasitic habit.] Over 200 species, all American. Type species: Phoradcndron californicum Nutt. Branches distinctly tetragonal ; leaves scarcely petioled or short- petioled Leaves oblanceohite to spatulate or oblong-spatulate ; peti- oles 3-8 mm. long. 1. P- ruhrum. Leaves obovate to obovate-elliptic, 5 cm. long or less, petioles 1-2 mm. long. 2. /'. trincrvium. Branches terete or nearly so : leaves distinctly petioled. Leaves ovate, lanceolate or elliptic, blunt at the apex ; berry white. ^. P. raccinostim. Leaves obovate, rounded or retuse at the apex; berry red. 4. P. yorthropiae. 110 LOEANTHACEAE. 1. Phoradendron rubrum (L.) Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I. 314. 1860. Viscum ruhrum L. Sp. PI. 1023. 1753. Phoradendron s-pathuU folium Krug & Urban, Bot. Jahrb. 24: 41. 1897. Branches slender, 5 dm. long or less, pseudodiehotomous, bearing 2-4 blunt cataphyls near the base, the internodes short, 4-angled, upwardly some- what enlarged. Leaves oblanceolate to oblong-spatulate, 2-7 cm. long, obtuse at the apex, narrowed or cuneate at the base, scarcely petioled; spikes usually several together, 2 cm. long or less, 2-3-jointed, the joints about 12-flowered; berry subglobose, about 4 mm. in diameter, smooth, red or sometimes yellow. On trees, especially mahogany, Abaco. New Providence, Cat Island, Long Island, Fortune Island, Acklin's Island, Crooked Island, Mariguana, Inagua : — Cuba. Cates- by, 2 : pi. 81. Recorded as Phoradendron tetrastichum Griseb. by Hitchcock. Nar- EOW-LEAVED MISTLETOE. 2. Phoradendron trinervium (Lam.) Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I. 314. 1860. Viscum trinervium Lam. Encyc. 3: 57. 1789. Branches slender, 3-5 cm. long, pseudodichotomous, bearing 1 or 2 pairs of cataphyls near the base, the internodes 3-5 cm. long, 4-angled. Leaves obovate or elliptic-obovate, 2-5 cm. long, rounded at the apex, narrowed or sub- cuneate at the base, scarcely petioled; spikes usually clustered, 1-2 cm. long, 2-3-jointed, the joints usually 6-flowered or 8-flowered; berry oblong when young, subglobose, smooth, orange and 3-4 mm. in diameter when mature. On various trees, Watling's Island, Great Ragged Island, Acklin's Island : — Porto Rico and St. Thomas to Trinidad ; Jamaica. Closely related to the preceding species. Angled Mistletoe. 3. Phoradendron racemosum (Aubl.) Krug & Urban, Bot. Jahrb. 24: 46. 1897. Viscum racemosum Aubl. PI. Guian. 2: 895. 1775. Branches elongated, rather stout, 3-6 dm. long, most of the joints bearing ]-3 pairs of cataphyls, the internodes terete or nearly so, somewhat enlarged above, 7-15 cm. long. Leaves various, lanceolate or elliptic or orbicular, 5-16 cm. long, pinnately veined, rounded or obtuse at the apex, abruptly narrowed into winged petioles 1-2 cm. long; spikes often clustered, 3-7 em. long, 3-5- jointed, the long joints several-many-flowered; berry ellipsoid, white, about 4 mm. long. On Ocotea, Andros at Deep Creek : — Cuba : Hispaniola : Porto Rico : northern South America. Erroneously called Snakekoot. Broad-leaved Mistletoe. Big Man. 4. Phoradendron Northropiae Urban; Northrop, Mem. Torr. Club 12: 33, pi. 4. 1902. Dichotomously or trichotomously branched, 2-4 dm. long, the subterete branches glabrous, 3-5 mm. thick, usually with cataphyls in all joints, the inter- nodes 4-10 cm. long. Leaves obovate, thick, 3-7 cm. long, 2.5-4 cm. wide, rounded, subtruneate or emarginate at the apex, narrowed at the base, very indistincty few-veined, the petioles 3-7 mm. long; spikes several or numerous at the nodes, 2.5 cm. long or less, short-peduncled, 4-6-jointed; joints 8-18- flowered, subfusiform, rather thick; berry subglobose, red. On Mimusops, Andros, at Conch Sound and Lisbon Creek : — Endemic. Mrs. NoRTHROP's Mistletoe. OLACACEAE. Ill Family 2. OLACACEAE Lindl. Olax Family. Shrubs, trees or woody vines, mostly with alternate and entire, pinnately veined, estipulate leaves, and regular perfect or polygamous flowers in axillary clusters. Calyx 4-6-toothed or 4-6-parted. Corolla 4—fi-lohed or of 4-6 distinct petals. Disk various. Stamens 4-12; filaments distinct or rarely monadelphous; anthers 2-celled. Ovary 1-3-celled, inferior, half- superior, or partly immersed in the disk; ovules few, anatropous; style short, usually simple; stigma entire or 2-5-lobed. Fruit drupaceous, 1- celled. Testa of the seed membranous; endosperm fleshy, or rarely want- ing. Abont 25 genera and 140 species, mostly tropical. Petals united to above the middle. 1. Scliocpfta. Petals nearly separate. 2. Ximcnia. 1. SOHOEPFIA Schreb.; Gmel. Syst. 376. 1791. Glabrous trees or shrubs, with coriaceous entire leaves and small perfect flowers in axillary cymes. Calyx very small, 4-toothed. Petals united to above the middle, forming a tubular or ureeolate, 4-6-lobed corolla, the lobes valvate, recurved. Stamens as many as the corolla4obes and opposite them; filaments filiform or short; anthers didymous. Ovary sessile, 3-celled, partly immersed in the disk; style slender or short; stigma capitate or 34obed; ovules usually 1 in each cavity. Fruit a small drupe nearly enclosed by the accrescent disk. [Commemorates J. D. Schoepf, 1752-1800, German botanist.] About 15 species, of tropical and subtropical America and Asia. Type species: Schoepfia Sclireberi Gmel. Leaves obovate, obtuse. 1. 8. ohovata. Leaves ovate, elliptic or lanceolate, acute. 2. 8. chrysophylloides. 1. Schoepfia ohovata C. Wright ; Sauv. Anales Acad. Habana 5 : 289. 1868. A glabrous shrub 1-3 m. high, or sometimes a tree up to 10 m. high, the twigs slender, gray, the bark rough in narrow plates. Leaves obovate, oblong or elliptic, coriaceous, 2-4 cm. long, rounded or obtuse at the apex, narrowed or cuneate at the base, few-veined, the petioles 1-3 mm. long; peduncles soli- tary or few together in the axils, 2-8 mm. long, 1-3-flowered ; flowers sessile ; corolla ovoid-cylindric, 4-5 mm. long, red to greenish yellow, the lobes ovate or triangular-ovate; fruit globose-obovoid to ellipsoid, 5-8 mm. long; fruit yellow or red when mature. Thickets and coppices, Abaco. Great Bahama. New Providence. Marij^uann and Acklin's : — Cuba ; Hispaniola ; Porto Rico : Ane^ada. Referred to by Mrs. Northrop as Elaeodendron xylocarpum. White Beefwoou. 2. Schoepfia chrysophylloides (A. Eich.) Planch. Ann. Sci. Xat. IV. 2: 261. 1854. Diplocalyx chrysophijUoides A. Eich. in Sagra, Hist. Cub. 11: 81. 1850. A shrub or small tree sometimes up to 8 m. high, with crooked branches and slender glabrous twigs. Leaves subcoriaceous, ovate to lanceolate, 2-6 cm. long, acute or obtusish at the apex, narrowed at the base, glabrous, the margined petioles 4-8 mm. long; flowers solitary or 2 or 3 together in the axils, reddish; calyx about 2 mm. long; corolla narrowly campanulate, about 112 ARISTOLOCHIACEAE. 4 mm. long, its lobes reflexed; stamens 4, borne at the base of the corolla- lobes, the anthers sessile; drupe ovoid or oval, scarlet, 10-12 mm. long, nearly enclosed by the accrescent calyx. Coppices, scrub-lands and nine-lands. Abaco, Great Baliama. Andros and Eleu- thera : — Florida ; Cuba ; Jamaica. White Wood. 2. XIMENIA L. Sp. PI. 1193. 1753. Spinescent shrubs or trees, with entire, often fascicled leaves and small white or yellow, perfect axillary, solitary or cymose flowers. Calyx very small, 4-5-toothed. Petals 4 or 5, united only at the base, coriaceous, valvate, pubes- cent on the inner side. Stamens 8-10, the filaments filiform, the anthers linear. Ovary 3-celled; style simple; stigma subcapitate; ovules 3 or 4 in each cavity. Drupe with a fleshy exocarp and a woody or crustaceous stone. Embryo of the seed very small. [Commemorates Francesco Ximenes, a Spanish naturalist.] About 5 species, of tropical distribution, the following typical. 1. Ximenia americana L. Sp. PL 1193. 1753. Ximenia inermis L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 497. 1762. A thorny shrub or small tree, rarely 6 m. high, with reddish smooth astringent bark, the slender branches spreading. Leaves oblong to orbicular, subcoriaceous, 3-7 em. long, obtuse or emarginate at the apex, narrowed oi- rounded at the base, sparingly pubescent when young, mostly glabrous when old, the slender petioles 5-10 mm. long; clusters 2-4-flowered, much shorter than the leaves; calyx about 1 mm. long; corolla-lobes linear, reflexed, 1 cm. long; drupe yellow or red, 12-17 mm. in diameter. Coastal white-lands and coppices. New Providence, Conception Island. Long Island. Fortune Island. Crooked Island, Caicos and Cay Sal : — Florida ; Cuba to Porto Rico and Martinique ; .Tamaica : Mexico and South America ; Old World tropics. When growing on sand dunes this shrub is much depressed and has nearly orbicular, fleshy leaves ; when growing in coppices or scrul)-lands it is tall, with elongated oblong to oblanceolate leaves. Tallow Wood. Spanish Plum. Order 7. ARISTOLOCHIALES. Herbs or vines, mostly with cordate or reniform leaves and perfect flowers. Calyx inferior, its tube wholly or partly adnate to the ovary. Corolla none. Ovarj^ several- (mostly 6-) celled. Only the following family. Family 1. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE Bliime. BiRTHwoRT Family. Aeanlescent plants, or vrith. erect or twining- stems. Leaves alternate, often basal, estipulate. Flowers regular or iiTegular, sometimes clus- tered. Calyx-limb 3-6-lobed or irregular. Stamens 6-many, adnate to the pistil; anthers 2-celled, their sacs longitudinally dehiscent. Ovules numerous in each cavity, anatropous, horizontal or pendulous. Fruit a many-seeded 6-celled capsule. Seeds angled or compressed, with a crus- taceous testa and usually wdth a fleshy or dilated raphe; endospemi fleshy, copious; embryo minute. Six genera and about 200 species of wide dis- tribution in tropical and temperate regions. AEISTOLOCHIACEAE. 113 1. ARISTOLOCHIA L. Sp. PI. 960. 1753. Perennial herbs or twining vines. Leaves alternate, mostly petioled, or entire, 3-7-lobed cordate or aurieulate palmately nerved. Flowers irregular. Calyx adnate to the ovary, at least to its base, the tube usually inflated around the style and contracted at the throat, the limb spreading or reflexed, entire, 3--6-lobed or appendaged. Stamens mostly 6; anthers adnate to the short style or stigma, 2-celled, the sacs longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary mostly 6-celled with 6 parietal placentae. Style 3-6-lobed. Capsule naked, septicidally 6- valved. Seeds very numerous, horizontal, compressed. [Xamed for its sup- posed medicinal properties.] About 180 species, widely distributed in tropica] and temperate regions. Type species: Aristolocliia rotunda L. Leaves cordate ; fruits short-peduncled ; pedvmcles leafy-bracted. 1. -1. pcntandra. Lenvps sagittate to hastate; fruits slender-peduncled ; peduncles not bracted. 2. A. passifloracfoUa. 1. Aristolochia pentandra Jacq. Enum. 30. 1760. Stems loosely pubescent or glabrate, trailing or low-climbing, branched, 3 m. long or less. Leaves rather fleshy, glabrous or nearly so, broadly ovate, 4-10 cm. long, entire or 3-lobed, acute or acuminate at the apex, cordate at the bas'e, the slender petioles 1-4 cm. long; peduncles solitary in the axils, shorter than the petioles, leafy-bracted at about the middle, the bract ovate, cordate, sessile, 1-3 cm. long; ovary and calyx pubescent; calyx 2-3 cm. long, expanded to one side, the limb acuminate, veined; stamens 5; capsule globose, 1.5-2 cm. in diameter, usually longer than the peduncle. Maritime sand plains, Abaco, Great Bahama, New Providence, Andres, Eleu- thera, Watling's and Long Island : — (Florida ; Cuba. Coastal Aristolochia. PiTCHER-PLAXT. 2, Aristolochia passifloraefolia A. Eich. in Sagra, Hist. Cub. 11: 195. 1850. A glabrous vine, sometimes becoming 3 m. long, usually not more than 1 m., usually climbing, the stem slender. Leaves sagittate or aurieulate to hastate, various, 3-6 cm. long, acute, obtuse or acuminate at the apex, the basal auricles rounded, the petiole shorter than the blade; peduncles solitary in the axils, as long as the leaves or shorter, not bracted ; calyx 3-4 cm. long, brown- purple or greenish yellow, its base obliquely inflated, its tube slender, curved, its limb suborbicular, bearing slender processes 6-10 mm. long; capsule oblong or oblong-globose, 1-2 cm. long. Pine-lands and scrub-lands, Andros, New Providence and Great Exuma : — Cuba. Slender Aristolochia, Order 8. POLYGONALES. Herbs, twining- vines, shrubs or trees, with alternate, or sometinies oppo- site or whorled, smiple mostly entire leaves, jointed stems, and usually sheathing united stipules (ocreae). Flowers small, regular, perfect, dioe- cious, monoecious or polygamous. Petals none. Calyx inferior, 2-r)-cleft or 2-6-parted, the segments or sepals more or less imbricated, sometimes petaloid, sometimes developing wings in fruit. Stamens 2-0, inserted near the base of the calyx; filaments filiform or subulate, often dilated at tlie base, distinct or united into a ring: anthers 2-celled, the sacs longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary superior, 1-celled ; ovule solitary, orthotropous, erect or 114 POLYGOXACEAE. pendulous; stj'le 2-3-eleft or 2-3-parted, sometimes very short; stigmas capitate or tufted, rarety 2-eleft; fruit a lenticular 3-angled or rarely 4- angied achene, usually invested by the persistent calyx; endosperm mealy; cotyledons accumbent or incumbent; embryo straight or nearly so. Only the following family. Family 1. POLYGONACEAE Lindl. Buckwheat Family. About 40 genera and 800 species, of wide geographic distribution. Herbaceous plants. Erect or ascending herbs. Ocreae cylindric, truncate. 1. Persicaria. Ocreae oblique. 2. Fagopyrum. Vines ; racemes terminating in tendrils. 3. Antigonon. Trees and shrubs. 4. CoccoIoMs. 1. PERSICARIA [Tourn.] Mill. Gard. Diet. Abr. ed. 4. 1754. Herbs, with alternate entire leaves, cylindric ocreae, and flowers in slender spike-like racemes, the ocreolae funnelform, the short pedicels jointed at the base of the calyx. Sepals mostly 5, neither winged nor keeled. Stamens 4-8, included or exserted, the filaments erect or nearly so. Styles 2 or sometimes 3, usually partly united; stigmas capitate. Achene lenticular, or sometimes S-angled, usually black. Endosperm horny; cotyledons accumbent. [From Tersica, the leaves resembling those of the peach.] About 125 species, widely distributed. Type species: Polygonum Persicaria L. Ocreae ciliate. Flower clusters contiguous. 1. P. hydropiperoides. Flower clusters separated. 2. P. punctata. Ocreae eciliate. " 3. P. portoricensis. 1. Persicaria hydropiperoides (Michx.) Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 378. 1903. Polygonum liijdropiperoides Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 239. 1803. Perennial, strigillose; stem erect, decumbent or prostrate, slender, 3-9 dm. long. Leaves narrowly lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, varying to linear- lanceolate, 5-15 cm. long, short-petioled, acute at apex, ciliate, pubescent with appressed hairs on the midrib beneath; ocreae cylindric, loose, strigose, fringed with long bristles; racemes panicled, terminal, erect, narrow, more or less inter- rupted, 3-7.5 cm. long; calyx pink or greenish; stamens 8; style 3-parted to below the middle; achene 3-angled, ovoid or oblong, 2-2.5 mm. long, smooth, shining. Water-holes, Great Bahama at West End : — Continental North America south to Florida and California. Mild Water Pepper. 2. Persicaria punctata (Ell.) Small, Fl. SE. L'. S. 379. 1903. Polygonum punctatum Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 455. 1817. Polygonum acre H.B.K. Nov. Gen. 2: 179. 1817. Not Lam. 1778. Annual or perennial, glabrous or very nearly so; stem erect or ascending, rarely prostrate, simple or branched, 3-12 dm. long. Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 3-20 cm. long, acuminate at both ends, petioled, ciliate, con- spicuously punctate, acrid, the midrib often with a few scattered hairs; ocreae POLYGOXACEAE. 115 eyliiidric, fringed v^ith long bristles falling away at maturity, racemes narrow, erect or slightly drooping, loosely-floAvered, 2-8 cm. long; calyx greenish; stamens 8; style 2-3-parted to the base; achene oblong, thick, lenticular or 3- angled, 2.5 mm. long, smooth, shining. Swampy ground, Andros. along road to Morgan's Bluff : — Bermuda : temperate and tropical continental America ; Cuba to Trinidad ; Jamaica. Water Smahtweed. 3. Persicaria portoricensis (Bert.) Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 377. 1903. Polygonum portoricense Bert.; Small, Mem. Bot. Col. Coll. 1: 40. 1895. Polygonum glabrum C. & S. Linnaea 3: 46. 1828. Not Willd. 1799. Perennial, more or less scurfy; stem erect, decumbent or floating, 1-1.5 m. long or longer, branched, enlarged at the nodes. Leaves lanceolate or linear- lanceolate, 4-30 cm. long, acuminate at both ends, obscurely punctate, short- petioled, the nerves prominent beneath; ocreae cylindric, sometimes bristly when young, naked when mature, sometimes hispid; racemes narrow, panicu- late, often in pairs, 2.5-13 cm. long, dense, erect; calyx white or whitish, 5- parted to near the base; stamens 6-8, included; style 2-3-cleft, somewhat ex- serted; achene lenticular and strongly biconvex or 3-angled, 2-3 mm. long, broadly oblong, orbicular or even broader than high, black, smooth and shining, or minutely granular. Fresh water swamps and water-holes. Great Bahama, Andros. New rrovidpnoe. Great Exuma and Cat Island :— southern T'nited States to Mexico and northern South America ; Cuba to Martinique ; Jamaica. Dense-flowered Persicaria. 2. FAOOPYRUM Gaertn. Fr. & Sem. 2: 182. 1791. Annual or perennial, rather fleshy, usually glabrous leafy herbs, with erect striate or grooved stems. Leaves alternate, petioled, hastate or deltoid, with oblique, cylindric or funnelform ocreae. Flowers small, white or green, in terminal or axillary, usually paniculate racemes, perfect, borne solitary or sev- eral together from each ocreola, slender-pedicelled. Calyx about equally 5- parted, persistent and unchanged in fruit, the segments petaloid, shorter than the achene. Stamens 8 ; filaments filiform, glabrous. Ovary 1-celled, 1- ovuled; style 3-parted; stigmas capitate. Achene 3-angled. Embryo central, dividing the mealy endosperm into two parts; cotyledons broad. [Greek, beech-wheat, from the similarity of the grain.] About 6 species, native of Europe and Asia. Type species: Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn. 1. Fagopyrum Fagopyrum (L.) Karst. Deutsch. Fl. 522. 1880-83. Polygonum Fagopyrum L. Sp. PI. 364. 1753. Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, Meth. 290. 1794. Annual, glabrous except at the nodes, stem 3-9 dm. high. Leaves hastate, 2.5-7,5 em. long, abruptly narrowed above the middle, acuminate, the nerves on the lower surface slightly scurfy; ocreae brittle and fugacious; racemes mostly panicled, sometimes corymbose, many-flowered, erect or inclined to droop; pedi- cels as long as the calyx; calyx-segments white or whitish; stamens imduded ; style-branches deflexed in fruit; achene acute, 5 mm. long, about twice as long as the calyx, its faces pinnately-striate when mature, the angles acute, not crested. Waste grounds. New Providence : — native of eastern Europe or western Asia. Widely distributed through cultivation. Buckwheat. 116 POLYGOXACEAE. 3. ANTIGONON Endl.; H. & A. Bot. Beech. Voj. 308. 1838. Vines with alternate petioled cordate entire leaves, the petiole-bases clasping, and small flowers in racemes opposite the leaves or clustered at the summit, the racemes terminating in tendrils. Sepals 5, unequal, the 3 outer ones cordate, ovate, the 2 inner ones oblong. Stamens 8, equal, the filaments subulate, connate at the base. Ovary 3-angled; ovule erect; styles 3, recurved. Achene enclosed in the accrescent calyx. [Greek, opposite the nodes.] Three or four species native of Mexico and Guatemala, the following typical. 1. Antigonon leptopus H. & A. Bot. Beech. Yoy. 308. 1838. Herbaceous, climbing, branched, often 5 m. long or longer, finely pubescent at least above. Leaves thin, broadly ovate, 3-9 cm. long, puberulent, acuminate at the apex, rather deeply cordate at the base, the petioles 1-5 cm. long; racemes several or many, loosely several-flowered, the floriferous part 3-8 cm. long, the tendril as long or shorter; pedicels slender, 10 mm. long or less; flowering calyx pink or sometimes white, about 5 mm. long; fruiting calyx 1-1.5 cm. long, the sepals strongly veined. Roadways and waste ground, spontaneous after cultivation. New Providence near Nassau : — Cuba to Martinique, and in Jamaica. Native of Mexico. Corallina. 4. COCCOLOBIS P. Br. Civ. & Xat. Hist. Jam. 209. 1756. Shrubs or trees, with alternate entire leaves, the ocreae cylindric or fun- nelform, often very small, the small, usually green flowers racemose or spicate, subtended by minute bracts and ocreolae. Calyx-tube accrescent, enclosing the achene, its lobes 5. Stamens 8, the filaments slender. Ovary 3-angled; ovule erect; styles 3, Fruit ovoid or globose, the accrescent calyx-tube becoming fleshy and more or less adherent to the achene. Seed-coat thin ; endosperm mealy. [Greek, referring to the adherent calyx.] Over 125 species of tropical and subtropical distribution, all American. Type species: Polygonum Uvi- fera L. Flowering pedicels 1 mm. long or longer. Leaves very large, suborbicular, or broader than long, 7-20 cm. wide. Leaves (except those of shoots) 6 cm. wide or less, ovate to elliptic, obovate or orbicular. Leaves not reticulate-veined above. Leaves coriaceous ; racemes erect or spreading ; fruit 7-10 mm. long. Leaves chartaceous ; racemes long, drooping; fruit about 4 mm. long. Leaves prominently reticulate-veined on both sides when old. Flowering pedicels less than 1 mm. long. Inflorescence longer than the leaves, which are finely reticu- late-veined above. Inflorescence shorter than the leaves, which are very indis- tinctly veined above. 1. Coccolobis Uvifera (L.) Jacq. Enum. 19. 1760. Polygonum Uvifera L. Sp. PI. 365. 1753. Coccolobis leoganensis Jacq. Enum. 19. 1760. A tree, exceptionally up to 15 m. high with a trunk 1 m. in diameter, usually not over 6 m. high, the branches spreading, the smooth bark brown, the twigs stout, finely pubescent when young, soon glabrous. Leaves orbicular or broader than long, coriaceous, 7-20 cm. broad, cordate at the base, very «hort- 1. C. Uvifera. 2 C. la iiri folia. 3. G. hahamensis. 4. C. Xorthropiae. 5. c. diversifolia. 6. c. Krugii. POLYGOXACEAE. 117 petioled, their sheaths 1 cm. long or less; flowers numerous, ^Yhite, in dense narrow glabrous racemes 7-12 cm. long; pedicels 3-4 mm. long; calyx \Yhite, about 6 mm. broad, its lobes ovate, rounded; fruits forming drooping clusters some\Yhat resembling bunches of grapes, globose, purple, 1-2 cm. in diameter, the pulp thin, astringent. Coastal thickets, throughout the archipelago from Abaco and Great Bahama to Grand Turk, Inagua, Anguilla Isles and Water Cay : — Bermuda ; Florida ; West Indies ; coasts of tropical continental America. Ska Gkape. Catesby, 2 ; />/. ;*(j. 2. Coccolobis laurifolia Jacq. Hort. Schoen. 3: 9. 1797. A tree, up to 20 m. high, with a trunk sometimes 7 m. thick, usually much smaller, and often shrubby, the thin gray bark brown mottled, the twigs and leaves glabrous. Leaves ovate, elliptic or obovatc, coriaceous, obtuse or acute at the apex, rounded at the base, 4-12 cm. long, or those of young shoots larger, the petioles 5-20 mm. long, the sheaths short; racemes slender, 5-10 cm. long; pedicels 5-8 mm. long; calyx greenis-h about 5 mm. broad, its lobes suborbicular; fruits subglobose, red, acid, 8-10 mm. in diameter. Scrub-lands and coppices, throughout the archipelago from Abaco and Great Bahama to Caicos and Inagua : — Florida : Cuba to St. Croix ; .Jamaica. Very various in size and shape of leaves, the species evidently composed of numerous races, one of which was recorded in Mrs. Northrop's Flora as the Cuban C. Wrightii Lindau, a different species ; and another as C. tenuifolia L., as also recorded by Dolley and by him also as C. punctata L. Pigeon-plum. Catesby, 2 : pi. 0.',. 3. Coccolobis bahamensis Britton, Bull. X. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 116. 1905. A glabrous shrub, 4 m. high or less. Leaves thin-coriaceous, elliptic to ovate or obovate-elliptic, obtuse to acutish at the apex, obtuse, somewhat nar- rowed, or subcordate at the inequilateral base, 4-7 cm. long, 5 cm. wide or less, the primary veins 6-8 on each side, minutely but strongly reticulate-nerved on both surfaces, dull, the uj^per surface bright green, the lower surface paler; petioles 3-5 mm. long; racemes very slender, numerous, recurved-drooping, finely puberulent when very young, in fruit glabrous; pedicels 1 mm. long in fruit, much longer than the ocreolae ; flowers bright white, 3-4 mm. broad: sepals oval, obtuse, about as long as the stamens ; fruit ovoid, narrowed at the base, bluntish at the apex, 6 mm. long, 3-4 mm. thick, faintly several-ribbed, not coronate. Coppices, pine-lands and scrub-lands. Andros. New Providence. Great Exunia. Eleuthera, Acklin's Island, Watling's Island, Inagua. Endemic. Reported by Lindau and by Mrs. Northrop as C obtnsifoUa Jacq. Bahama Pigeon-plum. 4. Coccolobis Northropiae Britton, sp. nov. A shrub, or a tree up to 4 m. high, the bark rough, the twigs and leaves glabrous. Leaves orbicular to obovate or obovate-orbicular, 3-5 cm. long, chartaeeous or subcoriaceous, obtuse, rounded or acutish at the apex, narrowed or obtuse at the base, retiulate-veined on both sides when old, the petioles- 3-6 mm. long, the ocreae short; racemes mostly as long as the leaves or longer, the rachis puberulent or glabrous; pedicels '2-3.5 mm. long, solitary or '2 or 3 together; perianth about 3 mm. long; ocreolae obliquely truncate, about 1 mm. long; fruit ovoid, about 5 mm. long, short-coronate, the exocarp flei^hy. Coppices and white-lands, Andros. New Providence, Eleuthera and Great Exuma. Tvpe collected near Nassau, New Providence, by A. IT. Curtiss in 1903. Referred by Mrs. Northrop to C. retusa Griseb. Northrop's Pigeon-plum. 5. Coccolobis diversifolia Jacq. Enum. 19. 1760. A tree up to 10-12 m. high, the bark gray, the many twigs short, glabrous or nearly so. Leaves ovate to elliptic or elliptic-obovate, coriaceous, glabrous, 4—10 cm. long, rounded or obtuse at the apex, obtuse, subcordate, or some of them narrowed at the base, reticulate-veined on both sides, the rather stout 118 CHENOPODIACEAE. petioles 8-15 mm. long; ocreae appressed, as long as the petioles or shorter; inflorescence spicate, slender, longer than the leaves; flowers green, very nearly sessile, 2-2.5 mm. long; fruit ovoid, pointed, 6-10 mm. long, coronate, the peri- carp slightly fleshy. Scrub-lands, pine-lands and coppices, throughout the archipelago from Abaco and Great Bahama to Caicos Islands and Inagua : — Hispaniola to Porto Rico, Virgin Gorda and Barbadoes ; Jamaica. Aruba : Curagao ; Bonaire. Leaves and fruit smaller than in specimens from the Windward Islands. TiErXONGUE. 6. Coccolol)is Krugii Lindau, Bot. Jahrb. 13: 145. 1890. A glabrous shrub or small tree, sometimes about 8 m. high, the slender tAvigs short and numerous, the bark smooth, gray. Leaves broadly ovate or nearly orbicular, light green, subcoriaceous, rounded or obtuse at the apex, eorclate or subcordate at the base, 6 cm. long or less, inconspicuously veined above, densely finely reticulate-veined beneath, the rather stout petioles 4-8 mm. long, the ocreae appressed, short; spikes very slender, glabrous, mostly as long as the leaves or shorter, loosely flowered; pedicels less than 0.5 mm. long; perianth green, about 1.5 mm. lonf^ ; stamens white; fruit ovoid or ovoid- giobose, 4-6 mm. long, slightly ribbed, black, capped by the perianth-segments, the jjericarp somewhat fleshy. Scrub-lands and coppices. New Providence, Cat Island. Watling's Island, Crooked Island, Acklin's Island. Fortune Island. Caicos Islands, Inagua : — Porto Rico ; Jamaica ; Anegada ; St. Martin ; Barbuda. Crab-wood. Bow-pigeox. Order 9. CHENOPODIALES. Herbs, mostly with perfect flowers. Calyx present. Corolla, if pres- ent, polypetalous. Ovary superior. Embryo coiled, curved or annular. Fruit not an acliene, rarely achene-like. Fruit not capsular, a utricle, berry, anthocarp or achene-like; corolla none. Fruit a utricle. Flowers bractless, or if bracted, the bracts not scarious. Fam. 1. Chexopodiaceae. Flowers with scarious bracts. Fam. 2. Amaraxthaceae. Fruit not a utricle. Fruit an anthocarp. Fam. 3. Xyctagixaceae. Fruit not an anthocarp. Fruit aggregate. Fam. 4. Batidaceab. Fruit not aggregate. Fam. 5. Phytolaccaceae. Fruit a capsule, dehiscent by valves or teeth. Capsule 2-several-celled ;' corolla none. Fam. 6. Aizoaceae. Capsule 1-celled ; petals mostly present. Sepals 5 or 4. Fam. 7. Alsixaceab. Sepals only 2. Fam. 8. Poetulacaceae. Family 1. CHENOPODIACEAE Dumort. GoosEFOOT Family. Annual or perennial herbs, rarely slinibs, with ang-led striate or terete stems. Leaves alternate or sometimes opposite, estipulate, simple, en- tire, toothed or lobed, mostly petioled (in Salicornia reduced to mere scales). Flowers small, green or greenish, regiilar or slightly irregular, variously clustered, occasionally solitary in the axils. Petals none. Calyx persistent, 2-5-lobed, 2-5-parted or rarely reduced to a single sepal, want- ing in the pistillate flowers of some genera. Stamens as many as the lobes or divisions of the calyx, or fewer, and opposite them ; filaments slender; anthers 2-celled, longitudinally dehiscent. Disk usually none. CHEXOrODIACEAE. 119 Ovary 1-celled; ovule solitary, amphitropous; styles 1-3; stigmas capitate, or 2-3-lobed or divided. Fruit a utricle, with a thin or coriaceous peri- carp. Seed vertical or horizontal; endosperm mealy, fleshy or wanting. About 75 genera and 550 species, of wide geographic distribution. Embryo annular or horseshoe-shaped ; leaves normal, at least the lower broad. Calyx present; fruit not enclosed by bractlets. 1. Vhcnoijodium, Calyx present in staminate flowers only ; fruit enclosed by bractlets. 2. Atriplcx. Embryo spirally coiled. Leaves thick and fleshy, nearly terete. 3. Dondia. Leaves reduced to rudimentary scales or ridges. 4. Salicornia. 1. CHENOPODIUM L. Sp. PI. 218. 1753. Annual or perennial herbs, with alternate petioled leaves. Flowers small, green, perfect, sessile, bractless, clustered. Calyx 2-5-parted or 2-5-lobed, embracing or enclosing the utricle, its segments or lobes often keeled or ridged. Stamens 1-5; filaments filiform or slender. Styles 2 or 3; seed horizontal or vertical, sometimes in both positions in different flowers of the same species: endosperm mealy; embryo completely or incompletely annular. [Greek, goose- foot, from the shape of the leaves.] About 60 species, mostly weeds, of wide geographic distribution. Type species: CJienopodium rubrum L. Embryo a complete ring ; plant not aromatic. 1. 0. murale. Embryo horse-shoe-shaped; plant aromatic. 2. C. amhrosioidcs. 1. Chenopodium murale L. Sp. PI. '219. 1753 Annual, somewhat scurfy above; stem 3-8 dm. high, leafy to the summit. Leaves rhombic-ovate, thin, bright green, acute or acuminate, sharply and coarsely sinuate-dentate, cuneate or subtruncate at the base, slender-petioled, 5-10 cm. long; flowers in loose axillary panicles often not longer than the petioles; calyx-segments not entirely enclosing the utricle; seed sharp-edged, horizontal, firmly attached to the pericarp. A weed of streets and waste grounds, on the inhabited islands of the archi- pelago, Great Bahama to Watling's, Acklin's, and Long Islands, East Caicos and Grand Turk : — Widely distributed as a weed in temperate and tropical regions. SOWBANE. GEEENS. 2. Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Sp. PI. 219. 1753. Chenopodium spatJiulatum Sieb.; Moq. in DC. Prodr. 13": 73. 1849. Annual, glabrous or slightly glandular-pubescent, strong-scented ; stem leafy. 6-10 dm. high, angular and grooved. Leaves oblong or oblong-laneolate, narrowed to a short petiole, repand-dentate, undulate or the upper entire, 2-9 cm, long, the upper numerous and much smaller ; flowers in small dense axillary spikes; calyx usualy 3-parted, completely enclosing the fruit; pericarp readily separable from the horizontal or vertical, shining seed. A weed, in waste grounds of the larger towns. New Providence, Eleuthera and Cat Island : — Widely distributed as a weed in temperate and tropical regions. WORMSEED. JEEUSALEM PAESLEY. 2. ATRIPLEX L. Sp. PI. 1052. 1753. Herbs or low shrubs, often scurfy-canescent or silvery. Leaves alternate, or some of them opposite. Flowers dioecious or monoecious, small, green, in panicled spikes or capitate-clustered in the axils. Staminate flowers bractless, consisting of a 3-5-parted calyx and an equal number of stamens; filaments 120 CHENOPODIACEAE. separate or united by their bases; a rudimentary ovary sometimes present. Pistillate flowers subtended by 2 bractlets whicli enlarge in fruit and are more or less united, sometimes quite to their summits; perianth none; stigmas 2. Utricle completely or partially enclosed by the fruiting bractlets. Seed vertical or rarely horizontal; embryo annular; endosperm mealy. [From a Greek name of orache.] About 150 species, of wide geographic disribution. Type species: ArtipJex hortensis L. Leaves, at least some of them, toothed. Sides of the bracts tubercled or crested. 1. A. pentandra. Sides of the bracts unappendaged. 2. A. domingensis. Leaves entire. 3. A. arenaria. 1. Atriplex pentandra (Jacq.) Standley, N. A. Fl. 21: 54. 1916. Axyris 'pentandra Jacq. Sel. Stirp. Am. 244. 1763. Atriplex cristata H. & B.; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 959. 1806. Annual or perennial, branched, the branches procumbent or ascending, 3-8 dm. long, scurfy Avhen young, becoming glabrate. Leaves alternate, sessile or short-petioled, oblong to rhombic or obovate, 1-3 cm. long, obtuse or acute at the apex, mucronate, cuneate at the base, repand-dentate, undulate or the upper entire, white-scurfy beneath, green above; flowers monoecious, the staminate in dense short terminal spikes, the pistillate clustered in the axils; fruiting bracts cuneate-orbicular, about 3 mm. long, united only at the base, sharply dentate, the sides bearing 2 dentate crests or irregularly tubercled; seed brown. Coastal rocks and sands, throughout the archipelago from Great Bahama south to Andros, Mariguana, Atwood Cay, and Grand Turk : — Florida ; Cuba to St. Jan ; Jamaica ; Curagao ; Venezuela and Colombia to Peru. Crested Atriplex. 2. Atriplex domingensis Standley, N. A. Fl. 21: 55. 1916. Annual, woody, much branched, the branches decumbent, spreading, scaly, 2 dm. long or longer. Leaves alternate, nearly sessile, deltoid or deltoid- oblong, small, 4-6 mm. long, 1-2 mm. wide, denticulate or entire, acute at the apex, crisped, thick, white-scaly on both sides ; flowers monoecious, the stami- nate in terminal spikes, the pistillate 2-4 together in axillary clusters; bracts cuneate, 2 mm. long, coarsely 5-toothed above, their sides unappendaged; seed dark brown. White-lands, Eastern Cay, Turk's Islands : — Hispaniola. Domixgax Atriplex. 3. Atriplex arenaria Nutt. Gen. 1: 198. 1818. Atriplex cristata arenaria Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 546. 1891. Annual, pale, stem densely silvery-scurfy, bushy-branched, 1-4.5 dm. high, the branches ascending or decimibent, angular. Leaves oblong to obovate, entire, short-petioled or sessile, 1-4 cm. long, whitish-scurfy beneath, the lateral veins few and obscure; staminate flowers in terminal or axillary spikes; pis- tillate flowers in axillary clusters much shorter than the leaves ; fruiting bracts triangular wedge-shaped, broadest above, 4-6 mm. wide, united nearly to the several-toothed summits, their margins entire, their sides reticulated, or some- times crested or tubercled. Coastal sands, Eleuthera, Anguilla Isles and Water Cay : — Nova Scotia to Texas ; Bermuda ; Cayo Sabinal, Cuba. Sea-beach Atriplex. 3. DONDIA Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 261. 1763. Fleshy herbs or low shrubs, with alternate narrowly linear, thick or nearly terete, entire sessile leaves, and perfect or polygamous bracteolate flowers, CHEXOPODIACEAE. 121 solitary or clustered in the upper axils. Calyx 5-parted or 5-cleft, the segments in fruit enclosing the utricle. Stamens 5. Styles usually 2, short. Pericarp separating from the seed. Embryo coiled into a flat spiral. Endosperm want- ing or very little. [In honor of Jacopodi Dondi, Italian naturalist of the fourteenth century.] About 50 species, of wide geographic distribution. Type species: Chenopodium aJtissimum L. Leaves 2-5 cm. long, elongated-linear; calyx-lobes strongly keeled. 1. D. lincuris. Leaves 1-1.5 cm. long, narrowly oblong ; calyx-lobes intiexed, not keeled. 2. D. fruticosa. Leaves 2-5 mm. long, oblong; calyx-lobes inflexed, rounded. 3. D. insuluris. 1. Dondia linearis (Ell.) Heller, Cat. N. A. PI. 3. 1898. Salsola linearis Ell., Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 332. 1821. Dondia carinata Millsp. Field. Mus. Bot. 2: 297. 1909. Usually annual, sometimes perennial; stem erect, strict, 3-10 dm. tall, pale green or nearly white, the branches slender, very leafy, erect-asending or some- times recurved. Leaves of the stem linear-subulate, 2-5 cm. long, those of the branches much shorter, somewhat 3-angled, lanceolate-subulate, widest just above the base, the upper surface flat; calyx-lobes glaucous, acutely keeled or almost winged; seed orbicular, horizontal, black, shining, 1-1.5 mm. broad. Salina borders and maritime rocks. South Bimini, New Providence, Andres, Eleuthra, Riding Rocks, Inagua, islands of the Cay Sal Bank : — Co;isr of e.isrt'rn North America; Cuba. Referred by Mrs. Northrop to D. fruticosa (Forsk.) North- rop. Tall Sea-Blite. 2. Dondia fruticosa (L.) Northrop, Mem. Torr. Club. 12: 35. 1902. Chenopodium fruticosum L. Sp. PL 221. 1753. Suaeda intermedia S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 296. 1879. Dondia intermedia Heller, Cat. N. A. PI. 3. 1898. Dondia Wilsonii Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 297. 1909. Perennial, woody, glabrous or nearly so, somewhat glaucous, much branched, 8 dm. high or less, the branches leafy, ascending. Leaves subterete, 1-1.5 cm. long, the upper little shorter than the lower; calyx-lobes rounded on the back, inflexed; seed red-brown or black, 1 mm. broad. Margins of salt pans. South Caicos Island : — Western United States ; Cuba ; Virgin Gorda ; alkaline regions of Europe, Asia and Africa. Bushy Sea-Blite. The plant is much out of its general range on South Caicos ; our specimen was referred to D. fruticosa by Standley (N. A. FL 21: 91). 3. Dondia insularis Britton, Bull. X. Y. Bot. Card. 4: 138. 1906. Perennial, shrubby, much branched, 3 dm. high or less, glabrous, glaucous, the branches divaricately ascending. Leaves approximate, oblong, thick and fleshy, 2-5 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. thick, obtuse, narrowed to a subsessile base; flowers axillary to the upper leaves, about 2.5 mm. broad ; calyx-lobes ovate, obtuse, rounded on the back; filaments shorter than the calyx; seed vertical, black, shining, 1 mm. long. In Salinas, Grand Turk Island and Ambergris Cay : — Cuba ; Santa Lucia. Island Sea-Blite. 4. SAIilCORNIA L. Sp. PI. 3. 1753. Fleshy glabrous herbs with opposite terete branches, the leaves reduced to mere opposite scales, the flowers sunken 3-7 together in the axils of the upper ones forming narrow terminal spikes, perfect or the lateral ones staminate. Calyx obpyramidal or rhomboid, fleshy, 3-4-toothed or truncate, becoming 122 AMAEANTHACEAE. spongy in fruit, deciduous. Stamens 2, or sometimes solitary, exserted; fila- ments cylindric, short; anthers oblong, large. Ovary ovoid; styles or stigmas 2. Utricles enclosecj by the spongy fruiting calyx, the pericarp membranous. Seed erect, compressed; embryo conduplicate ; endosperm none. [Name Greek, salt-horn; from the saline habitat, and horn-like branches.] About 10 species, natives of saline soil, widely distributed in both the Old World and the New. Type species: Salicornia europaea L. Perennial : prostrate with erect branches. 1. 8. perennis. Annual ; erect. 2. S. Bigelovii. 1. Salicornia perennis Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, no. 2. 1768. Salicornia amhigua Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 2. 1803. Perennial by a Avoody rootstock; stem trailing or decumbent 1.5-6 dm. long, rooting, the branches ascending or erect, slender, nearly or quite simple, rather long- jointed. Scales broadly ovate or wider than high, appressed or slightly divergent; fruiting spikes 1-4 cm. long, their joints not longer than thick; iloAvers all about equally high and about equalling the joints; seeds covered with slender hairs. Salinas, usually on the edge of mangrove colonies, throughout the archipelago from Abaco and Great Bahama to Andros, the Caicos and Turks Islands and Inagua :-^Xorth American coasts, Massachusetts to Florida and west to Texas : Ber- miada ; Cuba : St. Croix ; Jamaica. An Inagua specimen was referred by Standley (N. A. Fl. 21 : 83) to the European 8. fruticosa L. which this species much re- sembles. Woody Glass wort. Wild Coral. Guinea-bead. 2. Salicornia Bigelovii Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 184. 1859. Salicornia mucronata Bigelow, Fl. Bost. ed. 2, 2: 1824. Not Lag. 1817. Annual, stout, erect or nearly so, 5-50 cm. tall, more or less branched, the branches stout. Scales ovate or triangular-ovate, sharply mucronate, 2-3 mm. long, at length spreading; fruiting spikes 1-12 cm. long, their joints not longer than thick; middle flower slightly higher than the lateral ones, reaching very nearly to the end of the joint; seed covered with short hairs. In saline marshes. Abaco, Andros and Grand Tnrk : — Nova Scotia to Florida and Texas; California; Cuba; Porto Rico; Yucatan. Bigelow's Glasswort. Family 2. AMARANTHACEAE J. St. Hil. Amaranth Family. Herbs, or a few genera low shrubs, with simple, mostly entire, thin leaves. Flowers small, green or white, bracteolate. variously clustered, usually in terminal spikes or axillary heads. Petals none. Calyx her- baceous or membranous, 2-5-parted, the segments distinct, or united ai the base, equal, or the inner ones smaller. Stamens 1-5, mostly opposite the calyx-segTOents, hypogynous; filaments distinct, united at the base, or into a tube. Ovai-y 1-celled; ovule solitary in the majority of genera, amphitropous, several in some tropical genera; stigmas 1-3. Fruit a utricle, circumscissile, bursting irregularly, or indehiscent, 1-seeded or sev- eral-seeded. Seeed mostly smooth; embrj^o annular; endosperm mealy, usually copious. About 40 genera and 475 species, widely distributed, most abundant in warai regions. AMAKANTHACEAE. 123 Anthers 4-cellecl. Leaves alternate. Fruit several-seeded. 1. Celosia. Fruit 1 -seeded. '*. Amurunthus. Leaves opposite. 3. Ccntrostuchijs. Anthers 2-celled. Stigma capitate. 4. Achyranthcs. Stigma-lobes subulate or fililurm. Flowers in dense heads. Stamens 2; perianth sessile, 5. LithophUa. Stamens 5 ; perianth stalked. <». Philoxerus. Flowers in panicled spikes. 7. Ircsinc. 1. CELOSIA L. Sp. PI. 205. 1753. Herbs or shrubs, with alternate leaves and small perfect bracted flowers, in spikes or fascicles. Perianth 5-parted, the segments scarious, striate. Stamens 5 ; filaments filiform or subulate, connate at the base ; anthers -i- celled. Ovary 2-many-ovuled; style present or v^anting; stigmas 2 or 3. Utricle circumscissile or irregularly rupturing. Seeds 2 to many, lenticular, shining; embryo annular, en(5osperm starchy. [Greek, burned, from the dry parched flowers of some species.] About 40 species, of tropical and subtropical distribution. Type species: Celosia argentea L. 1. Celosia nitida Vahl, Symb. 2: 44. 1791. Perennial; glabrous. Stem slender, erect or vine-like, 3-15 dm. long; petioles slender, 5-20 mm. long; leaves ovate to rhombic-lanceolate, 2-7 cm. long, obtuse, acute or acuminate at the apex, truncate or obtuse and often oblique at the base; inflorescence of panicled spikes, 1-5 cm. long; bracts nearly half as long as the sepals, ovate to lanceolate, keeled, acuminate ; sepals elliptic-lanceolate, about 5 mm. long, acuminate, dark brown, strongly parallel- veined; style short; utricle globose-ovoid, shorter than the calyx; seeds black, smooth. Moist soil and thickets, Acklin's Island, Anguilla Isles : — Florida ; West Indies ; Texas ; Mexico ; northern South America. Slender Celosia. 2. AMARANTHUS L. Sp. PI. 989. 1753. Annual branched erect or diffusely spreading glabrous or pubescent herbs, with petioled pinnately veined leaves and small monoecious polygamous or dioecious, green or purplish, mostly 3-bracteolate flowers in dense terminal spikes or axillary clusters. Calyx of 1-5 distinct sepals. Stamens 1-5; anthers longitudinally dehiscent. Styles or stigmas 2 or 3. Fruit an ovoid or oblong utricle, 1-seeded, 2-3-beaked by the styles. Embryo annular. [Greek, unfad- ing flower, from the dry, unwithering bracts.] About 60 species of wide geographic distribution. Type species: Amaranthiis caudatus L. Flowers all axillary ; sepals of pistillate flowers spatulate. Peduncles short and thick ; utricle indehiscent. Peduncles none ; utricle circumscissile. Staminate flowers mostly in terminal spikes ; sepals of pis- tillate flowers oblong or obovate. Utricle indehiscent. Utricle smooth. Utricle wrinkled. Utricle circumscissile or bursting irregularly. Leaf axils with a pair of spines. Plants not spiny. Plants glabrous or nearly so. Plants pubescent or villous. l- .1. .1. cra.'n- ous; filaments distinct, or united at the base; anthers 2-celIed, the sacs 134 PHYTOLACCACEAE. longitudinally dehiscent, often nearly separated. Ovaiy superior, several- celled in most of the genera; ovules solitary in the cavities, amphitropous. Styles as many as the carpels, short, or none; stigmas linear or filiform. Fruit a berry or an achene. Endosperm of the seed mealy or fleshy. About 22 genera and 110 species, mostly in the tropics. Pistil a single carpel. Fruit a globular berry. Stamens 4 ; style elongated. 1. Rivina. Stamens 8-16 ; style none. 2. TricJiostigma. Fruit dry, achene-like, with bristles. 3. Petiveria. Pistil several-many-carpeled with as many styles as carpels. 4. Phytolacca. 1. RIVINA L. Sp. PI. 121. 1753. Herbs, sometimes woody below, the stems branched, erect, the leaves thin in texture, the small perfect flowers in axillary or terminal, slender racemes. Sepals 4, not enlarging in fruit. Stamens 4, the filaments filiform, the anthers erect. Ovary 1-celled, subglobose; style curved; stigma capitate or 2-lobed. Fruit a small subglobose berry. Seed erect, lenticular, its testa crustaceous, the embryo curved, the endosperm mealy. [Commemorates August Eivinus, 1652-1725, professor in Leipzig.] A few species of tropical regions, the fol- lowing typical. 1. Rivina humilis L. Sp. PI. 121. 1753. Eivina laevis L. Mant. 1: 41, 1767. Glabrous or finely pubescent, branched, 3-8 dm. high. Leaves ovate to ob- long or lanceolate, 3-12 cm. long, membranous, flaccid, undulate or entire, acute or acuminate at the apex, narrowed or subtruncate at the base, the slender petioles 1-5 cm. long; racemes 10 cm. long or less, loosely several-many- flowered; pedicels 4-6 mm. long; bracts deciduous; calyx about 6 mm. wide, the sepals oblong-cuneate, obtuse, pink or nearly white; sta,mens somewhat shorter than the sepals; berries subglobose, red, about 3 mm. in diameter. Coastal rocks and waste grounds, from Abaco throughout the archipelago to Parrot Cay (Caicos). Inagua, Anguilla Isles, and Water Cay: — Florida; West In- dies ; continental tropical America. Wild Tomato. 2. TRICHOSTIGMA A. Eich. in Sagra, Hist. Cuba 10: 306. 1845. [A^iLLAMiLLA E. & P.; Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. Gen. PI. 3: 81. 1880.] Woody vines, or shrubs, with alternate petioled broad leaves, the small perfect flowers in slender bracted racemes. Sepals 4, concave, spreading or reflexed. Stamens 8-16; filaments filiform; anthers linear, versatile, 2-cleft. Ovary subglobose, 1-celled; ovule sessile; style none; stigma penicillate. Fruit coriaceous, baccate, subglobose, the pericarp adherent to the erect seed. [Greek, referring to the penicillate stigma.] About 4 species, of tropical America, the following typical. 1. Trichostigma octandnim (L.) H. Walter, Pflanzenr. 39: 109. 1909. Fivina octandra L. Cent. PI. 2: 9. 1756. VillamiUa octandra Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. Gen. PI. 3: 81. 1880. Trichostigma rivinoides A. Eich. in Sagra, Hist. Cuba 10: 306. 1845. A woody vine, often 10 m. long or longer, usually climbing on trees, the stem up to 1.5 dm. in diameter at the base, the branches long and slender, PHYTOLACCACEAE. 135 glabrous. Leaves elliptic, oblong, or elliptic-lanceolate, membranous, 5-15 cm. long, acuminate or acute at the apex, narrowed at the base, glabrous, entire, the slender petioles 1-5 cm. long; racemes usually numerous, loosely many- flowered, as long as the leaves or longer; pedicels 2-10 mm. long; flowers white, about 8 mm. broad, the ovate obtuse sepals at length reflexed; berry black, about 6 mm. in diameter. Waste grounds spontaneous after cultivation, Cat Island, at the Bight : — Flor- ida ; West Indies ; continental tropical America north to Mexico. Trichostigma. 3. PETIVERIA L. Sp. PI. 342. 1753. An erect slender perennial herb with the odor of garlic, the leaves broad, membranous, alternate, entire, the small perfect flowers in slender bracted sfiikes. Calyx 4-parted, conic at the base, the segments lanceolate, spreading in flower, erect in fruit. Stamens 4-8 ; filaments subulate ; anthers linear, 2- cleft at apex and base. Ovary oblong, flattened, truncate, tomentose, 2-celled, with 1-6 deflexed bristles near the apex; style very short or none; stigma penicillate. Fruit elongated, cuneate, flattened, striate, keeled on both sides, 2-lobed at the top and bearing 1-6 hooked bristles. Seed linear. [In honor of Jacob Petiver, English naturalist and apothecary, who died in 1718.] A monotypic genus. 1. Petiveria alliacea L. Sp. PI. 342. 1753. Stem puberulent, at least above, or glabrate, erect, branched, 2-10 dm. high, the branches slender, long, nearly erect or ascending. Leaves elliptic, oblong or obovate, sparingly pubescent or glabrous, 3-12 cm. long, acute or acuminate at the apex, narrowed at the base, short-petioled ; spikes very slen- der, 1-4 dm. long, puberulent; flowers greenish, short-pedicelled ; sepals nar- rowly linear, about 4 mm, long; achene linear-cuneate, about 6 mm. long, ap- pressed to the axis of the epike, the terminal, reflexed bristles about 2 mm. long. Waste and cultivated grounds. New Providence at Nassau : — Florida : West Indies ; continental tropical America north to Mexico. Garlic-weed. Obeah-bdsh. 4. PHYTOLACCA L. Sp. PL 441. 1753. Tall perennial herbs, with petioled estipulate leaves, and small flowers in terminal racemes, which by the further growth of the stem become opposite the leaves. Pedicels bracted at the base and often 1-3-bracted above. Calyx of 4 or 5 persistent rounded sepals. Stamens 5-15, inserted at the base of the calyx. Ovary composed of 5-15 distinct or somewhat united carpels. Fruit a depressed-globose 5-15-celled fleshy berry. Seeds 1 in each cavity, erect, com- pressed; embryo annular in the mealy endosperm. [Xame Greek and French, refering to the crimson juice of the berries.] About 24 species, mostly tiopical. Type species: Phytolacca americana L. 1. Phytolacca icosandra L. Syst. ed. 10, 1040. 1750. Phytolacca octandra L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 631. 1762. Erect, glabrous, or puberulent above, branched, somewhat succulent, 1-3 m. high. Li-aves elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, membranous. 8-20 cm. long, acute or acuminate at the apex, narrowed at the base, the rather stout petioles 1-5 136 AIZOACEAE. cm. long; racemes erect, densely many-flowered, 1-3 dm. long; pedicels 1.5-4 mm. long; flowers greenish white or yellowish, 6-8 mm. broad; sepals rounded; stamens 8-20; carpels 8-20; berry black, depressed-globose, about 8 mm. in diameter. Waste and cultivated ground, and in coppices, Great Bahama, Andros, New Providence, Eleuthera, Great Exuma : — Cuba ; Jamaica ; Hispaniola ; continental tropical America. Southern Poke-weed or Poke-bush. Pork-bush. Family 6. AIZOACEAE A. Br. Carpet-weed Family. Herbs, rarely somewhat woody, mostly prostrate and branching, with (in our species) opposite, more or less fleshy leaves, and perfect small regu- lar flow^ers. Stipules none or scarious, or the petiole-bases dilated. Calyx 4-5-cleft or 4 — parted. Petals small or none in most species. Stamens IDerigynous. Ovary usually free from the calyx, 3-5-celled, and ovules numerous in each cell in our genus. Fruit a capsule with loculicidal or circumscissile dehiscence. Seeds amphitropous; endosperm scanty or copious ; embiyo slender, curved. About 22 genera and 500 species, mostly of warm regions, a few in the temperate zones. 1. SESUVIUM L. Syst. ed. 10, 1058. 1759. Fleshy decumbent or prostrate herbs, with opposite leaves and axillary pink or purplish flowers. Stipules none, but the petioles often dilated and connate at the base. Calyx-tube top-shaped, 5-lobed, the lobes oblong, obtuse. Petals none. Stamens 5-60, inserted on the calyx-tube. Filaments filiform, sometimes united at the base. Ovary 3-5-celled. Styles 3-5, papillose along the inner side. Capsule membranous, oblong, 3-5-celled, circumscissile. Seeds round-reniform, smooth; embryo annular. About 4 species, natives of seacoasts and saline regions. Type species: Sesuvium portulacastrum L. Stamens 5. 1. S. maritimum. Stamens numerous. 2. S. portulacastrum. 1. Sesuvium maritimum (Walt.) B.S.P. Prem. Cat. N. Y. 20. 1888. Pharnaceum maritimum Walt. Fl. Car. 117. 1788. Sesuvium pentandrum Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1 : 556. 1821. Annual, glabrous; branches 0.5-3 dm. long. Leaves obovate or spatulate, entire, rounded or slightly emarginate at the apex, narrowed into a petiole or the upper sessile, 8-25 mm. long; flowers sessile or nearly so, about 2 mm. broad, mostly solitary; stamens 5, alternate with the calyx-lobes; capsule ovoid, about 4 mm. high, scarcely longer than the calyx. Salinas and edges of mangrove swamps. Andros. Ship Channel Cay, Cat Island, Long Island, Little San Salvador and Watling's : — Atlantic coast from Long Island to Florida ; Cuba ; Porto Rico. Slexder Sea Purslane. 2. Sesuvium portulacastrum L. Syst. ed. 10, 1058. 1759. Perennial, fleshy, glabrous. Stems usually diffusely branched, the branches prostrate, often creeping, forming large patches; leaves oblanceolate to oblong, 1.5-4 cm. long, acute or acutish, the bases clasping; flowers shoit-pedicelled, solitary in the axils; calyx-lobes lanceolate, 7-10 mm. long, hooded, purple PORTULACACEAE. 137 within, the back prolonged into an appendage; stamens numerous; capsule conic, 8-10 mm. long. Sea beaches and saline borders, throughout the archipelago to Turks Island and Cay Sal : — Bermuda : North Carolina to Florida ; the West Indies ; Mexico to Co- lombia and Venezuela; Old World tropics. Plants from saline borders have smaller leaves and seeds than those from sea beaches and coastal rocks. Se.v Pluslane. Family 7. ALSINACEAE Walil. Chickweed Family. Annual or perennial herbs with opposite entire leaves, estipulate or stipulate, and mostly small perfect flowers, solitary or in cymes or umbels. Calyx of 4 or 5 sepals, imbricated, at least in the bud, separate to the base, or nearly so. Petals as many as the sepals, not clawed, rarely wanting. Stamens twice as many as the sepals, or fewer, inserted at the base of the sessile ovary, or on a small disk; filaments distinct, or coherins; below; anthers introrse, longitudinally dehiscent. Ovaiw usually 1-celled; styles 2-5, distinct; ovules several or numerous, amphitropous or campylo- tropous, borne on a central column. Fruit a capsule, dehiscent by valves or by apical teeth. Embryo mostly curved and with incumbent cotyledons. About 32 genera and 500 species, of wide distribution, most abundant in temperate regions. 1. DRYMAJRIA Willd; E. & S. Syst. 5: 406. 1819. Low branching herbs, with flat small leaves, small, often fugacious stip- ules, and small mostly white flowers in cymes or solitary. Sepals 5, distinct. Petals 5, cleft. Stamens 5 or fewer. Ovary 1-celled, many-ovuled; style mostly 3-cleft. Fruit a 5-valved capsule. Seeds globose-reniform, the embryo peripheral. [Greek, pertaining to the forest.] About 20 species, of tropical and subtropical America, one also in the Old World tropics. Type species: Drymaria arenarioides H. & B. 1. Drymaria cordata (L.) Willd.; E. & S. Syst. 5: 406. 1819. Holosteum cordatum L. Sp. PI. 88. 1753. Annual, glabrous or puberulent above; stems very slender, diffuse, 1-4 dm. long. Leaves orbicular or broader than long, 6-20 mm. wide, membranous, palmately veined, obtuse or cuspidulate at the apex, subcordate at the base, short-petioled ; peduncles filiform, usually much longer than the leaves, often forked; cymes few-several-flowered; pedicels* as long as the bractlets or shorter; sepals 1.5-3 mm. long, oblong-lanceolate, acute; petals 2-cleft; stamens 2 or 3 ; capsule about as long as the sepals. Waste grounds. New Providence : — Florida ; West Indies and continental trop- ical America. Dkymaria. Family 8. PORTULACACEAE Rchb. PuRSLAXE Family. Herbs, rarely somewhat woody, with regular j-terfect but unsynnnet- rical flowers. Sepals commonly 2" (rarely 5). Petals 4 to 6, rarely more, 10 138 POETULACACEAE. hypogynous, imbricated. Stamens hypogynous, equal in number to the petals or fewer, rarely more; filaments filiform; anthers 2-celled, longi- tudinally dehiscent. Ovary 1-celled; style 2-3-cleft or 2-3-divided, the divisions stigmatic on the inner side: ovules 2-co, amphitropous. Capsule eircumscissile, or dehiscent by 3 valves. Seeds 2-oo, reniform-globose or compressed: embi-yo curved. About 20 genera and 180 species, mostly natives of America. 1. PORTULACA L. Sp. PI. 445. 1753. Diffuse or ascending, glabrous or pubescent succulent herbs, with terminal flowers. Sepals 2, united at the base and partly adnate to the ovary. Petals 4-6 (mainly 5), inserted on the calyx, fugacious. Stamens 7-cc, also on the calyx. Ovary many-ovuled; style deeply 3-9-cleft or parted. Capsule mem- branous, dehiscent by a lid, many-seeded. [Latin, in allusion to the purging qualites of some species.] A genus of about 20 species, all but 2 or 3 natives of America. Type species: Portulaca oleracea L. Leaves flat ; flowers yellow. 1. P. oleracea. Leaves subterete. Flowers yellow ; seeds brown. 2. P. phaeosperma. Flowers purple ; seeds black. 3. P. gagatosperma. 1. Portulaca oleracea L. Sp. PI. 445. 1753. Annual, usually prostrate, branching from a deep root; branches 1-7.5 dm. long. Leaves alternate and clustered at the ends of the branches, obovate or cuneate, 6-20 mm. long, rounded at the apex, very fleshy; flower-buds flat; flowers solitary, sessile, 4-10 mm. broad, yellow, opening in bright sunshine; sepals broad, keeled, acutish; style 4-6-parted; capsule 6-10 mm. long; seeds finely rugose. Cultivated soil, waste places and maritime rocks, throughout the archipelago : — all temperate and tropical regions. Includes several races differing in size of leaves and flowers, and of a prostrate or ascending habit. Purslaxb. 2. Portulaca phaeosperma Urban, Symb. Ant. 4: 233. 1905. Fleshy, branched, 1.5 dm. high or less, with tufts of brownish hairs at the nodes. Leaves linear-oblong, subterete, acute or obtuse, 5-10 mm. long, about 2 mm. thick, alternate and clustered at the ends of the branches; flowers yel- low, 6-10 mm. broad; petals oblong to obovate, obtuse; capsule about 3 mm. in diameter, eircumscissile at about the middle; seeds brown. Dry or rocky soil, throughout the archipelago from Great Bahama and Andros to Mariguana, Turk's Islands and Inagua : — ^Florida : Cuba to St. Croix and Virgin Gorda ; Jamaica. Referred by INIrs. Northrop and by Coker to P. haWnoides L. ; by Hitchcock and by Coker to P. pilosa L. Brown-seeded Portulaca. 3. Portulaca gagatosperma Millsp. Field. Mus. Bot. 2: 299. 1909. Fleshy, diffusely branched, 5-10 cm. high, with tufts of whitish hairs at the nodes. Leaves alternate, subterete, acute, 6-12 mm. long, about 2 mm. thick, short-petioled ; flowers sessile at the ends of the branches; sepals broadly ovate, apiculate; petals purple, emarginate; capsule about 4 mm. in diameter, eircumscissile below the middle; seeds jet black, 0.6 mm. in diameter. In moist soils and mud of lake borders. Great Bahama. New Providence. Grand Turk, Salt Cay (Turk's Islands) and Inagua, attaining its highest development in our region on the dry rocks of East and Ambergris Cavs of the Turk's Island group: — ^Endemic. Referred by Hitchcock to P. pilosa L., which it resembles. Ba- hama Portulaca. NYMPHAEACEAE. 139 Order 10. RANALES. Herbs, shrubs or trees. Calyx present, usually of separate sepals. Corolla usually present and of separate petals. Ovary or ovaries Sruperior, free from the calyx; carpels 1 to many, usually separate. Stamens mostly hypogynous and more numerous than the sepals. Aquatic herbs, the leaves peltate or with a basal sinus. Fam. 1. Ny.mpiiakaceak. Terrestrial plants. Stamens many ; sepals distinct. Flowers perfect (in the Bahama species). Carpels distinct ; sepals 4 or 5 ; petals, when present about as many (none in Clematis). Fam. 2. Raxuxculaceae. Carpels more or less coherent ; sepals 3 ; petals 6 ; trees or shrubs. Fam. 3. Axxoxaceae. Flowers dioecious, small ; climbing vines. Fam. 4. Menispekmaceae. Stamens O* or 12 in .3 or 4 series of 3 each; sepals more or less united. Shrubs or trees with broad leaves ; fruit borne on the calyx-tube. Fam. 5. Lauijaceae. Leafless vines ; fruit enclosed by the accrescent calyx-tube. Fam. G. Cassythaceae. ^ Family 1. NYMPHAEACEAE DC. Water Lily Family. Aquatic perennial herbs, with horizontal rootstocks, floating, im- mersed or rarely emersed leaves, and solitaiy axillaiy flowers. Sepals 3-5. Petals 5-oo. Stamens 5-co ; anthers erect, the connective continu- ous with the filament. Carpels 3-oo, distinct, united, or immersed in the receptacle. Stigmas distinct, or united into a radiate or annular disk; ovules 1-00, orthotropous. Fruit indehiscent. Seeds enclosed in pulpy arils, or rarely naked; cotyledons fleshy; hypocotyl very short. Five genera and about 55 species, widely distributed in fresh water. 1. CASTALIA Salisb. Par. Lond. 1: pi. 14. 1805. Herbs with horizontal perennial rootstocks, floating leaves and showy flowers. Sepals 4. Petals in several rows, or but few, inserted on the ovary, gradually passing into stamens; stamens co, the exterior with large petaloid lilaments and short anthers, the interior with linear filaments and elongated anthers. Carpels oo, united into a compound pistil with radiating linear pro- jecting stigmas. Fruit globose, covered with the bases of the petals, ripening under water. [A spring of Parnassus.] About 40 species, of wide geographic distribution. Type species: Castalia magnifica Salisb. 1. Castalia piUchella (DC.) Britton, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 138. 1906. Nymphaea pulchella DC. Syst. 2: 51. 1821. Nymphaea ampla pulchella Casp. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 42; 150. 1878. Kootstock 2-4 cm. thick. Petioles 5-10 mm. thick, various in length, de- pending upon the depth of water; leaf -blades suborbicular, rather thin, 1-3 dm. broad, glabrous, undulate or repand, green on both sides, very coarsely reticulate-veined beneath, the basal sinus rather narrow, the lobes acute; peduncles about as long and as thick as the petioles; sepals 4, lanceolate, 140 EANUNCULACEAE. acutish, 6 mm. long or less ; petals 4-8, white, acute ; stamens 50 or fewer ; fruit 2-3 cm. in diameter. Fresh water swamps and water-holes, New Providence, Cat Island, Great Exuma, Acklin's Island and Inagua : — Cuba to Haiti and St. Croix ; South Amer- ica. Referred to by Coker as C. anvpJa (DC.) Greene. White Watee-lily. Family 2. RANUNCULACEAE Juss. Crowfoot Family. Herbs, or rarely climbing shrubs, wath acrid sap. Leaves alternate (except in Clematis and Atragene). Stipules usually none, but the base of the petiole often sheathing. Pubescence, when present, composed of simple hairs. Sepals 3-15, generally caducous, often petal-like, imbricate, except in Clematis and Atragene. Petals about the same number (occa- sionally more), or wanting. Stamens oo , hypogjmous, their anthers innate. Carpels x or rarely solitary, 1-eelled, 1-many-ovuled. Ovules anatropous. Fruit achenes, follicles or berries. Steels with endosperm. About 35 genera and 1100 species, distributed thf oitghout *the.' -^yorld, not abundant in the tropics. 1. CLEMATIS L. Sp. PI. 543. 1753. Climbing vines or perennial herbs, more or less woody. Leaves opposite, slender-petioled, pinnately compound, lobed, or in some species entire. Sepals 4 or 5, valvate in the bud, petaloid. Petals none. Stamens oo. Pistils oo. Achenes 1-seeded. Style long, persistent, plumose, silky or naked. [Greek name for some climbing plant.] About 25 species of very wide geographic dis- tribution, most abundant in temperate regions. Type species: Clematis Vitalha L. 1. Clematis bahamica (Kuntze) Brittou, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 117. 1905. Clematis dioica hahamica Kuntze, Verh. Bot. Ver. Prov. Brand. 26: 102. 1895. Vine slender, trailing or high-climbing, the young plants sparingly and loosely pubescent. Leaves trifoliolate or the uppermost simple; leaflets slender- stalked, 4 em. long or less, various in form even on the same vine, ovate to oval or nearly orbicular, acute or obtuse and mucronulate at the apex, quite glabrous when mature, entire, or often 3-lobed, firm in texture and strongly veined on the under side; achenes plump, only 3 mm. long, the filiform plumose style 3-5 cm. long; flowers few, in small leafy-bracted panicles; pedicels loosely pubescent; sepals oblong-lanceolate, about 5 mm. long, loosely pubescent, in a Mariguana specimen coherent and falling away as a cap. Rocky thickets, pine-lands and sink-holes. Abaco, Great Bahama. Andros. Eleu- thera. Cat Island. Great Exuma, and Mariguana. Endemic. Referred by Mrs. Northrop to C. dioica; by Hitchcock to C. flammulastrum, and by Dolley to C. Vitalha. Bahama Virgin's-bower. ANNONACEAE. 141 Family 3. ANNONACEAE DC. Custard-apple Family. Trees or shrubs, generally aromatic, with alternate entire leaves. Stipules none. Sepals 3 (rarely 2), valvate or rarely imbricate. Petals about 6, arranged in 2 series. Stamens co ; anthers adnate, extrorse. Carpels oo, separate or coherent, mainly fleshy in fruit. Seeds large, anatropous; embryo minute; endosperm copious, wrinkled. About 46 p-enera and 550 species, mostly in the tropics, a few in the temperate zones. 1. ANNONA L. Sp. PI. 536. 1753. Mostly trees, with coriaceous or chartaeeous leaves, and perfect, usually solitary and axillary, nodding, peduncled flowers. Sepals 3, valvate, deciduous. Petals usually 6, valvate, the 3 outer larger than the 3 inner. Receptacle hemispheric. Anther-sacs contiguous. Pistils borne at the top of the recep- tacle; ovaries 1-ovuled; stigma sessile or nearly so. Fruit compound, aggre- gate, many-seeded; seeds arillate, [Name said to be derived from Malayan.] I'ifty species or more, of tropical and subtropical distribution. Type species: Annona muricata L. Outpr nptals broad, ovate, the inner as long, or somewhat shorter ; fruit smooth. 1. A. glahni. Outer iietals linear-oblong, the inner minute. Fruit tubercled. 2. A. squatunsa. Fruit reticulated or areolate. 3. A. reticulata. 1. Annona glabra L. Sp. PI. 537. 1753. Annona palustris L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 757. 1762. Anona laurifolia Dunal, Monogr. Anon. 65. 1817. A tree, up to 12 m. high, with a trunk 4 or 5 dm. in diameter, usually smaller, sometimes shrubby, the fissured bark reddish brown, the twigs glabrous. Leaves ovate to oblong, subcoriaceous, 8-18 cm. long, acute or short-acuminate at the apex, usually rounded at the base, the petioles 1-4 cm. long; flowers solitary in the axils, nodding, short-peduncled, yellowish green, 2-3.5 cm. long; sepals broader than long, slightly united ; petals thick, concave, the outer a little larger than the inner; fruit ovoid, 6-13 cm. long, smooth, roundeJ at apex, impressed at base, yellowish brown ; seeds 1-2 cm. long. Ponds and water-holes. Great Bahama, Andros. New rrovidenre. Cat Island. Watling's Island. Crooked Island: — Florida; West Indies; northern South America. Catesby, 2: pi. 6.'f, 67. Fond- apple. 2. Annona squamosa L. Sp. PI. 537. 1753. A tree, up to about 12 m. high, the young twigs densely pubescent. Leaves elliptic, lanceolate to oblong, chartaeeous, 6-12 cm. long, pubescent, at least when young, sometimes glabrous when old, acute at the apex, narrowed at the base, the petioles 5-12 mm. long; peduncles about as long as the petioles; flowers greenish, about 2 cm. long; sepals triangular, acute, pubescent, 1.5 mm. long; outer petals linear-oblong, puberulent; fruit globose, 5-0 cm. in diameter, strongly tubercled, greenish, the tubercles rounded, the pulp white; seeds oblong, brown, shining. Scrub-lands. New Providence, probably introduced : — Cuba to Virgin fJorda and St. Vincent ; Jamaica ; widely cultivateil in tropical regions. Sugar-apple. 142 MENISPERMACEAE. 3. Annona reticulata L. Sp. PL 537. 1753. A small tree, sometimes 8 m. high, usually smaller, the young twigs puberu- lent. Leaves oblong, oblong-laneeolate, or narrowly lanceolate, chartaceous, 8-15 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide, puberulent when young, glabrous when old, acuminate at the apex, narrowed at the base, the rather stout petioles 2 cm. long or less; peduncles longer than the petioles; flowers greenish, about 2 cm. long; sepals triangular-ovate, 2-3 mm. long; outer petals narrowly oblong, puberulent; fruit globose, 8-12 em. in diameter, yellowish brown, glabrous, coarsely reticulated, the pulp yellowish, the oblong, brown seeds shining. Sink-holes, Great Bahama at Eight Mile Rocks : — West Indies. Widely culti- vated. CuSTAED Apple. Catesby, 2 : pi. S6. Family 4. MENISPERMACEAE DC. MooNSEED Family. Vines, shrubs or trees, with alternate leaves, no stipules, and small dioecious panieled racemose or cymose flowers. Sepals 4—12, or fewer. Petals 6, imbricated in 2 rows, sometimes fewer, or none. Stamens about the same number as the petals or fewer. Carpels 3-co (generally 6), 1- ovuled, separate; styles commonly recurved. Fruit drupaceous. Embryo long, curved. About 55 genera and 150 species, mainly of tropical dis- tribution, a few extending into the temperate zones. 1. CISSAMPELOS L. Sp. PL 1031. 1753. Slender vines, often high-climbing, the leaves broad, mostly entire and cordate, palmately veined, the staminate flowers cymose-paniculate, the pistil- late clusters racemose, bracted. Staminate flowers with 4 sepals, the petals united below into a cup, the 2-4 anthers sessile on the peltate top of the stamen-column. Pistillate flowers with a rudimentary scale-like perianth of 1 sepal and 1 petal and a single carpel with a 3-cleft or 3-toothed style. Drupe subglobose, convex; stone compressed, tubercled on the back, concave on both sides. [Greek, ivy-grape.] Perhaps 25 species, of tropical America and trop- ical and southern Africa. Type species: Cissampelos Pareira L. 1. Cissampelos tomentosa DC. Syst. 1: 535. 1818. Climbing, often 5 m. long or longer, the young branches, petioles, inflor- escence and under leaf-surfaces densely tomentose. Leaves suborbicular, 2-10 cm. broad, cordate or truncate at the base, not peltate, the petioles 1-7 cm. long; racemes of pistillate flowers 5-8 cm. long, the bracts orbicular, cordate or subcordate, 5-15 mm. broad, the pedicels several at each bract, densely tomentose, about 2 mm. long, the sepals about 1 mm. long; panicles of stami- nate flowers 8 cm. long or less, the flowers usually very numerous, about 1 mm. broad, on filiform short pedicels. Old fields and coppices, Andros, near Nicol's Town : — Cuba ; Jamaica ; Mexico and Central America. Vela'ety Cissampelos. LAURACEAE. 143 Family 5. LAURACEAE Lindl. Laurel Family. Aromatic trees and shrubs, with alternate (very rarely opposite) mostly thick, punctate estipulate leaves. Flowers small, perfect, polygamous, dioecious, or sometimes monoecious, usually fragrant, yellow or greenish, in panicles, corymbs, racemes or umbels. Calyx 4-6-parted, the segments imbricated in 2 series in the bud. Corolla none. Stamens inserted in 3 or 4 series of 3 on the calyx, distinct, some of them commonly imperfect or reduced to staminodia; anthers opening by valves. Ovar}' superior, free from the calyx, 1-celled ; ovule solitary, anatropous, pendulous ; stigma discoid or capitate. Fruit a 1-seeded drupe or beriy. Endospenn none. Cotyledons plano-convex, accumbent. About 40 genera and 1000 species, widely distributed in tropical regions; a few in the temperate zones. Staminodia of the fourth series small or none. 1. Ocotea Staminodia of the fourth series large, sagittate. 2. Persea. 1. OCOTEA Aubl. PI. Guian. 2: 780. 1775. [Nectandra Roland; Rottb. Descr. PI. Surinam. 10. 1776.] Evergreen trees, rarely shrubs, with alternate coriaceous leaves and small, perfect or polygamous flowers in axillary or terminal panicles. Perianth- segments 6, nearly equal. Perfect stamens 9, in 3 series; stamens of the first and second series eglandular, their anthers introrsely 4-celled; stamens of the third series with extrorsely 4-celled anthers; staminodia, representing a fourth series of stamens, are present in some species. Ovary wholly or partly enclosed by the perianth-tube; style short. Berry oblong to globose, partly enclosed by the enlarged perianth-tube. [Guiana name.] Probably 300 species, mostly natives of tropical America. Type species: Ocotea gidanensis Aubl. 1. Ocotea coriacea (Sw.) Britton. Laurus coriacea Sw. Prodr. 65. 1788. Laurus Cateshyana Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 244. 1803. Nectandra coriacea Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I. 281. 1860. Ocotea Cateshyana Sargent, Sylva 7: 11. 1895. An evergreen tree, up to 12 m. high, the trunk sometimes 3 dm. in diameter, the nearly smooth bark light gray, the twigs slender, glabrous, the wood brown. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous, 6-15 cm. long, acute or acumi- nate at the apex, narrowed at the base, dark green and shining above, dull beneath, glabrous or very nearly so, reticulate-veined, the petioles 5-15 mm. long; panicles axillary, peduncled, puberulent, several-many-flowered; peilicels 4-7 mm. long; calyx white, its 6 lobes oblong or ovate-oblong, obtuse, about 4 mm. long; stamens shorter than the calyx; drupe oval or subglobose, dark blue or nearly black, 10-18 mm. long, the persistent red or yellow calyx-base 3-4 mm. long. Coppices and scrub-lands. Great Bahama. Andros. Now Providence. Eleuthera. Cat Island. Watling's. ('ro(iked Island and Nortli Caicos : — Florida: W.'st Indies. Referred by Grisebach, Dolley, Mrs. Northrop and by Hitchcock to XcrtatKlra nan- (jninca Ilottb. Catesby, 2 : pL 28. Bastaud Tokcu. Black Touch. Swkkt Tuucu- WOOD. 1 44 CASSYTHACEAE. 2. PERSEA Gaertn. Fr. & Sem. 3: 222. 1805. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, persistent, entire. Calyx 6-parted, persistent. Stamens 12, in 4 series of 3, the inner series reduced to gland-like staminodia, the 3 other series anther-bearing, their anthers 4-celled, 4-valved, those of the third series extrorse and the others introrse in our species. Staminodia large, cordate, stalked. Fruit a berry. [Ancient name of some oriental tree. J About 50 species, natives of America. Type species: Persea gratissima Gaertn. 1. Persea pubescens (Pursh) Sargent, Silva N. A. 7: 7. 1895. Tamala puhescens Small, Fl. SE. U. S. ed. 2, 822, 1375. 1913. Laurus carolinensis yubescens Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 276. 1814. A tree, with maximum height of about 14 m. the trunk up to 3.5 dm. in diameter, the twigs densely short-pubescent, the thin brown bark fissured. Leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate or oval, subcoriaceous, 0.5-2 dm. long, acute, obtuse or acuminate at the apex, narrowed at the base, glabrous, bright green and shining above, pale and pubescent beneath, the pubescent petioles 2 cm. long or less; peduncles pubescent, shorter than the leaves; pedicels very short; inner sepals 5-6 mm. long, twice as long as the outer; filaments pubescent; drupe dark blue, glaucous, oval or subglobose, 8-15 mm. in diameter. Palmetto-lands, Great Bahama at Barnett's Point : — Virginia to Florida. Red BAY. Family 6. CASSYTHACEAE Dumont. LovE-vixE Family. Tines, trailing, or parasitic by papillae on shrnbs or on trees, the leaves none, or reduced to scales, the small regular and perfect flowers spicate, racemose, or capitate. Calyx 6-cleft, the lobes imbricated, in 2 series, the outer ones shorter than the inner. Corolla none. Perfect stamens 9, with 2-celled anthers; staminodes 3. Pistil 1; ovary 1-ovuled, becoming' enclosed by the enlarging calyx-base ; style simple ; stigma small, mostly capitate. Fruit berry-like, fleshy. Only the following genus. 1. CASSYTHA L. Sp. PI. 35. 1753. Characters of the family. About 15 known species, of tropical regions. [Synonym of Cuscuta.'] Type species: Cassxjilia filifonnis L. 1. Cassytha americana Xees. Syst. Laur. 644. 1836. Cassytlia ■filiformis Jacq. Sel. Amer. 115. 1763. Not L, 1753. Slender, branched, often 5 m. long or more, sometimes matted, yellow or yellowish green, the stems about 2 mm. thick. Leaves mere ovate or lanceolate, acute scales 1-2 mm. long, few and distant; spikes peduncled, few-several- flowered, 1-2 em. long; flowers white, about 2 mm. broad, the inner sepals ovate, larger than the outer; fruit globose, W'hite, 5-7 mm. in diameter. Coastal sand dunes and maritime rocks, throughout the archipelago from Abaco and Great Bahama south to Mariguana, Inagua and the Caicos and Anguilla Isles : — Florida ; AYest Indies ; Mexico and continental tropical America. Woe-vine. BRASSICACEAE. 145 Order 11. PAPAVERALES. Mostly herbs, with chistered, regular and perfect flowers. Petals, with V'ery rare exceptions, present, separate. Sepals usually separate. Stamens hypogynons. Ovary superior, free from the calyx, compound, composed of two united carpels, or more. Sepals 2 (very rarely 3 or 4) : endosperm fleshy. Fam. 1. PArAVEitAfEAE. Sepals or calyx-segments 4-8 : endosperm none. Capsule 2-celled by a longitudinal partition, usually 2- valved, rarely indetiiscent : sepals and petals 4. Fam. 2. Rhassicaceae. Capsule 1-celled, of 2-6 carpels. Style short or wanting ; seeds wingless. Fam. 3. Capparidaceae. Style elongated ; seeds winged. Fam, 4. Mokingaceae. Family 1. PAPAVERACEAE B. Juss. Poppy Family. Herbs, with milk}' or colored sap, and alternate leaves or the upper rarely opi^osite. Stipules none. Flowers perfect, regular. Sepals 2 (rarely 3 or 4), caducous. Petals 4-6 or rarely more, imbricated, often wrinkled, deciduous. Stamens hypogynous, distinct; filaments filiform: anthers longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary 1, many-oviiled, mainly 1-celled ; style short ; ovules anatropous. Fruit a capsule, general^ dehiscent by a pore, or by valves, rarely indehiscent. About 23 genera and 115 species, widely distributed, most abundant in the north temperate zone. 1. ARGEMONE L. Sp. PL 508. 1753. Glaucous herbs, with yellow sap, spiny-toothed leaves and large flowers. Sepals 2 or 3. Petals 4-6. Stamens oo. Placentae 4-6, many-ovuled. Style very short. Stigma dilated, 3-6-radiate. Capsule prickly, oblong, dehiscent at the apex by valves. Seeds numerous, cancellate. [Greek, an eye disease, supposed to be relieved by the plant so called.] A genus of about 10 species, natives of the warmer parts of America. Type species: Argemone mexicanaJj. 1. Argemone mexicana L. Sp. PI. 508. 1753. Stem 3-6 dm. high, spiny or sometimes nearly unarmed. Leaves sessile, clasping by a narrowed base, 1-2.5 dm. long, glaucous, runcinate-pinnatifid, spiny-toothed and more or less spiny on the veins; flowers orange or yellow, sessile or subsessile, 2-8 cm. broad; sepals acuminate, bristly -pointed ; capsule 2.5 cm. long or more; stigma sessile. A weed of waste places near dwellings, throughout the archipelago from Great Bahama south to Grand Turk. Salt Cay, Inagua : — Bermuda : southern Fnited States; West Indies: continental tropical America; Old World tropics. 1»mnki:y Thistle. Mexican Toppy. Family 2. BRASSICACEAE Lindl. Mustard Family. Herbs, rarely somewhat woody, with watery acrid sap, alternate leaves, and racemose or corymbose flowers. Se]-)als 4, deciduous, or rarely persistent, the 2 outer narrow, the inner similar, or concave, or saccate 146 BEASSICACEAE. at the iDase. Petals 4, hypogynous, cruciate, nearly equal, g-enerally clawed. Stamens 6, rarely fewer, hypogynous, tetradynamous. Pistil 1, compound, consisting- of 2 united carpels, the parietal placentae united by a dissejoiment ; style generally persistent, sometimes none; stigma dis- coid or usually more or less 2-lobed. Fruit a silique or silicle, generallv 2-celled, rarely 1-celled, in a few geenra indehiscent. Seeds attached to both sides of the septum; endosperm none; cotyledons incumbent, accum- bent or conduplicate. About 200 genera and 1800 species, of wide geo- graphic distribution. Pod a silique or silicle. dehiscent into 2 valves. Pod a flattened silicle. 1. Lepidium. Pod a short or long silique. not flattened. Flowers yellow ; leaves lobed or toothed. Pod elongated, beaked. Pod conic-l">eaked. its valves 1-3-nerved. 2. Brassica. Pod stout-beaked, its valves 3-5-nerved. 3. Sinapis. Pod short, beakless. 4, Radicula. Flowers white; leaves entire. 5. Conringia. Pod indehiscent. Pod suborbicular. didymous. fi. Carara. Pod elongated, of 2 separating joints. 7. Cakile. 1. LEPIDIUM L. Sp. PI. 643. 1753. Erect or rarely diffuse herbs, with pinnatifid lobed or entire leaves and racemose white or whitish flowers. Stamens often fewer than 6. Petals short, sometimes none. Silicles oblong to orbicular, flattened contrary to the partition, winged or Mingless; valves keeled, dehiscent. Seeds solitary in each cell, flattened; cotyledons incumbent or rarely aecumbent. [Greek, a little scale, from the flat scale-like pods.] About 65 species, widely distributed. Type species: Lepidium latifolium L. 1. Lepidium virginicum L. Sp. PI. 645. 1753. Annual, erect, glabrous. Basal leaves obovate or spatulate in outline, pinnatifid, generally with a large terminal lobe and numerous small lateral ones, all dentate, glabrous or slightly pubescent ; stem-leaves lanceolate or oblong-linear, sessile, or the lower stalked; flowers 1-2 mm. broad, white; petals generally present, sometimes wanting in the later flowers ; pedicels slen- der, spreading, 4-6 mm. long in fruit; pod flat, short-oval or orbicular, minutely winged above; cotyledons aecumbent. A weed of waste grounds and cultivated soils, throughout the archipelago from Abaco and Great Bahama to Andros. Turk's Islands. Ambergris Cay and Inagua : — Bermuda : native of continental North America ; widely naturalized as a weed in the West Indies, Mexico and Central America. Wild Pepper-grass. 2. BRASSICA L. Sp. PI. 666. 1753. Erect branching herbs, with pinnatifid basal leaves, and showy yellow flowers in elongated racemes. Siliques elongated, sessile, terete or 4-sided, tipped with an indehiscent conic, usually 1-seeded beak. Valves convex, 1-3- nerved. Seeds in 1 row in each cell, oblong, marginless; cotyledons condupli- cate. [Latin name of the cabbage.] About 80 species, natives of Europe, Asia and northern Africa, Type species: Brassica oleracea L. BRASSICACEAE. 147 1. Brassica integrifolia (West) 0. E. Schulz, in Urban Symb. Ant. 3: 509. 1903. Sinapis integrifolia West Bidr. St. Croix, 296. 1793. Glabrous or sparingly pilose below, pale green, slightly glaucous, 8 dm. high or less. Basal and lo^vest cauline leaves broadly obovate, or elliptic- obovate, coarsely dentate, obtuse, long-petioled, often 2-lobed near the base; upper leaves oblong to linear, few-toothed or entire, mostly acute, short- petioled or sessile ; racemes loosely several-many-flowered, erect ; pedicels fili- form, 6-12 mm. long; petals light yellow, 6-9 mm. long, broa(31y obovate, clawed; pods erect-spreading, 3-4 cm. long, about 2 mm. thick, the slender beak 4-7 mm. long. Cultivated soil. New Providence ; Great Exuma at Georgetown : — Porto Rico to St. Jan and Trinidad ; Jamaica : Yucatan ; native of Asia. Recorded by Doiley as Sinapis hrassicata L. Wild Mustard. 3. SINAPIS L. Sp. PI. 668. 1753. Annual or biennial, usually erect, branching more or less hispid herbs, with pinnatifid or lobed leaves, and rather large, mostly yellow flowers in terminal racemes. Siliques linear, nearly terete, constricted between the seeds, sessile in the calyx, tipped with a flat sword-like beak which sometimes con- tains a seed near its base, its valves 3-5-nerved. Seeds oblong or subglobose, not winged nor margined. Cotyledons conduplicate. [Name Greek, said to come from the Celtic for turnip.] About 5 species, natives of southern Europe. Type species: Sinapis alha L. 1. Sinapis arvensis L. Sp. PI. 668. 1753. Brassica Sinapistrum Boiss. Voy. Esp. 2: 39. 1839-45. Erect, 3-6 dm. high, hispid with scattered stiff hairs, or glabrate. Leaves oblong to elliptic, dentate, denticulate or subpinnatifid ; flowers 1-1.6 cm. broad ; pedicels stout; pods glabrous, spreading or ascending, somewhat constricted between the seeds, 1-1.6 cm. long, 2 mm. wide, tipped with a flattened elongated- conic often 1-seeded beak 10-12 mm. long, the valves strongly nerved. Waste groimds near Nassau, New Providence. Native of Europe: naturalized in continental North America and also in Bermuda and Jamaica. Charlock. 4. RADICULA Hill, Brit. Herb. 264. 1756. Branching herbs, with simple or pinnate, lobed dissected or rarely entire leaves, and small yellow flowers. iSepals spreading. Stamens 1-6. Pods short, terete or nearly so. Stipe none. Valves nerveless or 1-nerved. Style short or slender. Stigma 2-lobed or nearly entire. Seeds turgid, minute, in 2 rows in each cell or very rarely in 1 row. Cotyledons accumbent. [Name Latin, diminutive of radix, root.] About 50 species, of wide geographic dis- tribution, most abundant in the north temperate zone. Type species: Sisym- hrium amphibium L. 148 BRASSICACEAE. 1. Eadicula Ibrevipes (DC.) Britton, Torreya 6: 30. 1906. Nasturtium palustre hrevipes DC. Syst. 2: 192. 1821. Nasturtium brevipes Griseb. Mem. Amer. Acad. II. 8: 154. 1860. Annual, glabrous or sparingly pubescent below, branched from the base, the branches usually prostrate or nearly so, slender, 3 dm. long or less. Leaves pinnately divided into several or numerous, oblong, ovate or suborbicular dentate segments, or the upper segments confluent; racemes several-many- flowered, 6-12 cm. long; pedicels about 1 mm. long; flowers about 1.5 mm. long; petals minute or wanting; pods linear, 7-12 mm. long, about 1.5 mm. wide. Sink-holes, Andros, near Fresh Creek : — Cuba, Hispaniola, Porto Rico. The Andres specimens show foliage only and are referred to this species with hesitation. Short-stalked Yellow-cress. 5. CONRINGIA [Heist.] Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 418. 1763. An erect glabrous annual herb, with elliptic or ovate entire leaves, sessile and cordate at the base, and middle-sized yellowish white flowers in terminal racemes. Sepals and petals narrow. Style 2-lobed or entire. Siliques elon- gated-linear, angled, the valves firm, 1-3-nerved. Seeds in 1 row in each cell, oblong, marginless; cotyledons incumbent. [In honor of Hermann Conring, 1606-1681, Professor at Helmstadt.] About 7 species, natives of Europe and Asia, the following typical. 1. Conringia orientalis (L.) Dumort. Fl. Belg. 123. 1827. Brassica orientalis L. Sp. PI. 666. 1753. Stem 3-9 dm. high. Leaves light green, obtuse, 5-13 cm, long; racemes elongating in fruit; pedicels 8-16 mm. long; petals about 1,2 cm. long, nearly twice as long as the sepals; pods 7-13 cm. long, about 2 mm. wide, 4-angled, spreading. Waste grounds. New Provdence, 1916. Widely distributed as a weed in tem- perate North America : introduced from the Old World. Hare"s-ear. 6. CARARA Medic. Pflg. 1: 34. 1792. [CoRONOPus Gaertn. Fr. & Sem. 2: 293. 1791. Xot Mill. 1754.] Annual or biennial, diffuse herbs, with mostly pinnatifid leaves, and small whitish flowers. Silicles small, didymous, laterally compressed, sessile. Sta- mens often only 2 or 4. Valves of the capsule oblong or subglobose, obtuse at each end, indehiscent, falling away from the septum at maturity. Seeds 1 in ectch cell; cotyledons narrow, incumbent or conduplicate. [Greek, crow-foot, irom the shape of the leaves.] About 6 species, of wide distribution. Type species: Cochlearia Coronopus L. 1. Carara didyma (L.) Britton, in Britton k Brown, 111. Fl. ed. 2, 2: 167. 1913. Lepidium didymum L. Mant. 92. 1767. Coronopus didymus J. E. Smith, Fl. Brit. 2: 691. 1800. Tufted, spreading on the ground, sparingly pubescent. Stems 0.5-4 dm. long; leaves deeply 1-2-pinnatifid; flowers white, racemose; pedicels slender, 2-3 mm. long in fruit; pod about 2 mm. broad and slightly more than 1 mm. high; valves obtuse at each end and readily separating into 2 ovoid nutlets. Streets and waste grounds. New Providence. Eleuthera : — Bermuda : southern Tnited States : Antigua : Martinique ; South America ; widely distributed in the Old World. Star-of-the-Earth. CAPPARTDACEAE. 149 7. CAKILE [Touru.] Mill. Gard. Diet. Abr. ed. 4. 1754. Annual glabrous fleshy herbs, Avith piiri^lish or white flowers. Siliques elongated, sessile, flattened or ridged, indehiseent, 2-jointed, the joints 1-celled and usually 1-seeded. Style none; cotyledons accumbent. | Old Arabic name.] A genus of about 3 species, natives of sea and lake shores of Europe and North America. Type species: Bunias Cakile L. 1. Caklle lanceolata (Willd.) O. E. Schulz, in Urban, Symb. Ant. 3: 504. 1903. Eaphanus lanceolatus Willd. Sp. PL 3: 562. 1801. Caklle aequalis L'Her. DC. Syst. 2: 430. 1821. Erect or ascending, often much branched, 8 dm. high or less. Bas-al and lower leaves broadly oblong, obtuse, 5-8 cm. long, coarsely crenate-ilcntate; upper leaves smaller, narrowly obovate to oblong, crenate-dentate or entire; flowers pale purplish, 6-10 mm. broad; fruiting racemes often 3 dm. long; fruiting pedicels stout, ascending, 4-6 mm. long; pod 1.5-2.5 cm. long, its upper joint 1^-4 times as long as the lower. Maritime sands and white-lands, Abaco and Great Bahama southward through- out the archipelago to Salt Cay (Grand Turk), Inagua, the Anguilla Isles and Water Cay : — Bermuda ; southern United States ; the West Indies and northern South America. Southekn Sea-rocket. Gaedena. Pork Bush. Family 3. CAPPARIDACEAE Lindl. Capcr Family. Herbs or shrubs (rarely trees), with alternate or verj^ rarely opposite leaves, and reg'ular or irregular, mostly perfect flowers. Sei>als 4-S. Petals 4 (rarely none). Receptacle elongated or short. Stamens 4—^, not tetraclynamous, inserted on the receptacle; anthers oblong. Style generally short; ovules oo, on parietal placentae. Fmit a capsule, or indehiseent, or iiTegularly rupturing. Seeds various; endosperm none; embrj^o generally coiled. About 35 genera and 450 species, mostly of wann regions. Herbs; fruit a longitudinally dehiscent capsule. 1. Clromc. Shrubs and trees ; fruit indehiseent or irregularly rupturing. 2. Capparis. 1. CLEOME L. Sp. PI. 671. 1753. Herbs or low shrubs. Leaves digitately 3-5-foliolate, or simple. Flowers mostly racemose. Calyx 4-divided or of 4 sepals, often persistent. Petals 4, cruciate, nearly equal, entire, more or less clawed. Receptacle short, slightly prolonged above the petal-bases. Stamens 6 (rarely 4), inserted on the recep- tacle. Ovary stalked, with a gland at its base. Capsule elongated, many- seeded. [Derivation uncertain.] About 75 species, mainly natives of tropical legions, especially American and African. Type species: Cleome gjniandra L. 1. Cleome gynandra L. Sp. PI. 671. 1753. Cleome pentaphylJa L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 938. 1763. Pedicellaria pentaph'/lla Schrank ; Roem. & Ust. Mag. Bot. 8: 11. 17P0. Gynandropsis pentaphylla DC. Prod. 1: 238. 1824. Annual, bright green, clammy-pubescent. Stem 5-10 dm. tall, branching; ieaf -blades palmately 3-5-foliolate; petioles longer than the leaflets; leaflets 150 CAPPARIDACEAE. 2-6 em. long, oval to obovate, acute or short-acuminate, serrulate; racemes 1-4 dm. long; bracts suborbicular, oval or broadly obovate; sepals lanceolate, 4-5 mm. long, acuminate; petals white or pink, 5-10 mm. long; blades suborbicular, longer than the claws; stamens 6; capsules linear, 4-6 cm. long, surpassing the glandular pedicel in length; seeds 1-5 mm. broad, coarsely rugose and muricate. Waste and cultivated lands, New Providence at Grant's Town : — Bermuda ; southern United States : West Indies and tropical continental America. Native of the Old World tropics. Small, Spider-flowee. 2. CAPPARIS L. Sp. PI. 503. 1753. Trees or shrubs, with simple, mostly coriaceous leaves, sometimes stipu- late on young or barren shoots, and large corymbose, mostly white flowers. Sepals 4, distinct or partly united, often with a gland at the base. Petals 4, distinct, imbricated. Stamens several or usually many, the filaments filiform, the anthers short. Ovary stalked, 1-4-celled; ovules few or many, usually on 2 parietal placentae; style none; stigma depressed. Fruit elongated-linear, or oblong, or short and subglobose, indehiscent, or irregularly rupturing. Seeds without endosperm; embryo convolute; cotyledons fleshy. [From the Greek name of the Caper-tree, Capparis spinosa L., of Europe.] About 150 species, natives of tropical and subtropical regions. Type species: Capparis spinosa L. Leaves densely scaly beneath. 1. G. cynophaUophora. Leaves glabrous. 2. C. flexuosa. 1. Capparis cynophaUophora L. Sp. PI. 504. 1753. Capparis javiaicensis Jacq. Enum. 23. 1760. A shrub or a tree up to about 15 m. high, with a trunk diameter reaching 2 or 3 dm., the bark brown, furrowed, the slender, angular twigs densely scaly. Leaves elliptic or oblong, coriaceous, 4-12 cm. long, 2-6 cm. wide, or those of shoots narrowly linear, sometimes 3 dm. long and only 5-10 mm. wide, acute obtuse or emarginate at the apex, narrowed at the base, glabrous and shining above, densely silvery-scaly and with the lateral venation obsolete beneath, the scaly f)etioles 1-3 cm. long; corymbs few-several-flowered; pedicels stout, scaly, 0.5-3 cm. long; flowers fragrant; flower-bud 4-angled; sepals distinct, valvate, 8-12 mm. long, densely scaly, reflexed, nearly as long as the white petals; stamens numerous, purplish, 2-3 times as long as the petals, the anthers yellow; fruit narrowly linear, torulose, drooping, 8 cm.-4 dm. long, 6-8 mm. thick, irregularly rupturing, scarcely fleshy, often much longer than the gynophore. Scrub-lands and thickets, Andros, Long Island, Cat Island, Watling's, Atwood Cay, Acklin's, Fortune, Crooked, Mariguana, Caicos and Inagua : — Florida ; Cuba to Tortola and Barbadoes ; Jamaica. Black Willow. 2. Capparis flexuosa L. Sp. PL ed. 2, 722. 1762. Capparis cynophaUophora L. Syst. ed. 10, 1071. 1759. A glabrous shrub, or a tree up to 8 m. high, with a trunk 2 dm. in diameter, the bark brown, the branches slender, sometimes vine-like. Leaves elliptic to oblong, lanceolate to linear, coriaceous, 4-9 cm. long, obtuse, emarginate or sometimes acute at the apex, obtuse or narrowed at the base, reticulate-veined on both sides, the rather stout petioles 2-6 mm. broad, with a small sessile, oblong or subglobose gland in the axil; corymbs few-flowered; pedicels stout, 12 mm. long or less; flowers fragrant; sepals suborbicular, 5-8 mm. broad, slightly united at the base, the outer a little smaller than the inner; petals white to rose, obovate, 1.5-2 cm. long; stamens numerous, about 3 times as long ROSALES. 151 as the petals, the filaments white; fruit long-linear, 6-20 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. thick, more or less torulose, about twice as long as the slender gynophore, tardily opening longitudinally, its pulp scarlet. Scrub-lands and thickets, Andros. Exuma Chain, Lonj; and Acklin's Island : — Florida ; Cuba to Virgin Gorda and Barbadoes ; continental tropical America. CAFEIt-TKEE. Crataeva Tapia L., reported by Dolley, we have been unable to find in the archipelago. It is native of Jamaica, Martinique and of tropical continental Amer- ica, and is unlikely to have been found in the Bahamas, unless planted. Family 4. MORINGACEAE Dumort. HORSERADISH-TREE FAMILY. Trees wdtb alternate, 2-3-pinnate. deciduous leaves, and perfect, slig:htl> irregular flow^ers in large axillaiy panicles. Sepals 5, unequal, imbricated, reflexed or spreading, sligbtl}^ united at the base. Petals 5, somewhat unequal, the lower one reflexed. Stamens 5, with slender filaments and 1-celled anthers, alternating with as many staminodia. Ovary 1-celled, with 3 parietal placentae, bearing numerous pendulous ovules; style slender; stigma minute. Capsule elongated, angled, beaked, 3-valved. Seeds 3- winged or ^vingless; endosperm none; embryo straight, the cotyledons large. Only the following genus. 1. MORINGA Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 318. 1763. Characters of the family. [Malabar name.] Three known species, natives of Asia and Africa, the following typical. 1. Moringa Moringa (L.) Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 1: 490. 1902. Guilandina Moringa L. Sp. PI. 381. 1753. Moringa pterygosperma Gaertn. Fr. & Sem. 2: 314. 1791. A tree, up to 9 m. high, the bark corky, rough, the puberulcnt twigs slender. Leaves 3-6 dm. long, their segments and leaflets opposite ; leaflets numerous, thin, oblong to obovate, 1-2 em. long, obtuse, entire; flowers numerous, fra- grant; pedicels 5-10 mm. long; sepals linear to linear-oblong, 9-13 mm. long, reflexed; petals nearly white, a little larger than the sepals; capsule linear, 3-angled, pendulous, 2-4.5 dm. long, 1-2 cm. thick; seeds winged, 2.5-3 cm. long. Thickets, spontaneous after cultivation. New Providence, near Nassau ; Grand Turk : — ^Florida ; West Indies ; Mexico to Tanama. Native of the Kast Indies. HORSERADISH-TEEE. Order 12. ROSALES. Herbs, shrubs or trees, the flowers usually petaliferous and the petals distinct. Stamens mostly perigynous or epigynous. Sepals mainly united or confluent with the concave receptacle. Carpels one or more, distinct or sometimes united into a compound ovary. Endosperm copious, fleshy: leaves without stipules. Fam. 1. Ckassi-l.xceak. Endosperm little or none ; leaves with stipules. Flowers regular. Ovary 2-ovuled : fruit a drupe: leaves simple. Fam. 2. Amyod.vl.vceae. Ovary several-ovuled ; fruit a legume ; leaves com- pound. Fam. .?. MiMOSACEAa Flowers irregular : fruit a legume or a loment. Upper petal enclosed by the lateral ones in the bud. Fam. 4. Caesai.pinaceae. Upper petal enclosing the lateral ones In the bud. Fam. 5. Fabaceae. 152 CEASSULACEAE. Family 1. CRASSULACEAE DC. Orpine Family. Herbs, or somewhat shrubby plants, mostly fleshy or succulent, with cymose or rarelj^ solitary regular or symmetrical flowers. Stipules none. Calj^x persistent, free from the ovary or ovaries, 4-toothed or 4-parted in our species. Petals or corolla-lobes equal in number to the calyx-lobes or calyx-segments, usually jDersistent, rarely wanting. Stamens of the same number or twice as many as the petals or corolla-lobes; anthers longitudi- nally dehiscent. Receptacle with a scale at the base of each carpel. Carpels equal in number to the sepals or calyx-lobes, distinct, or united below; stjdes subulate or filiform ; ovules numerous, arranged in 2 rows along the ventral suture. Follicles 1-celled, dehiscent along the ventral suture. Seeds minute; endosperm fleshy; embryo terete; cotyledons short. About 30 genera and 600 species, of wide geogTaphic distribution. Calyx inflated, 4-tootlied. 1. BryopliyUum. Calyx 4-pai-ted. 2. Kalanchoe. 1. BRYOPHYLLUM Salisb. Par. Loud. pi. 3. 1805. Upright herbs. Leaves opposite, simple or pinnately compound, the leaflets mostly toothed. Flowers perfect, often showy, nodding, in cymes or panicles opposite the branches. Calyx inflated, 4-toothed. Corolla nearly campanulate, or urn-shaped, the narrow limb with 4 spreading lobes. Stamens 8, in 2 series, adnate to about the middle of the corolla-tube; filaments filiform; anthers mostly exserted. Carpels 4, distinct or partially united. Ovules many. Follicles 4. Seeds numerous. [Greek, sprouting leaf.] Four known species of South Africa, Asia and Madagascar, the following typical. 1. Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Kurz, Jour. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 402: 52. 1871. Cotyledon pinnata Lam. Encye. 2: 141. 1786. Bryophyllum calycinum Salisb. Par. Lond. pi. 3. 1805. Perennial, fleshy, glabrous. Stamens 4-15 dm. tall, branched ; leaf-blades often pinnately compound, 1-3 dm, long; leaflets oblong, oval or elliptic, obtuse, crenate, the terminal one several times longer than the lateral ones; panicles 1-4 dm. long, conspicuous; calyx bladder-like, finally oblong-campanulate, 3-3.5 cm. long, glabrous; corolla reddish, twice as long as the calyx or shorter, its lobes lanceolate or narrowly ovate, acute. Waste grounds near old dwellings, throughout the archipelago from Great Bahama southward to Long Ishind : — Bermuda ; Florida ; West Indies ; Mexico. Probably a native of Asia. Life Plant. 2. KAIiANCHOii Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 248. 1763. Erect herbs, sometimes a little woody, with opposite leaves and panicled flowers, often showy. Calyx 4-parted, shorter than the corolla. Corolla salver- form, with a swollen tube and a spreading, 4-parted limb. Stamens usually 8, ir 2 series on the corolla-tube, the filaments very short. Carpels 4, lanceolate, adnate to the base of the corolla-tube; ovules many. Follicles many-seeded. [Chinese name.] Twenty species or more, all but the following natives of Asia and Africa. Type species: Cotyledon laciniata L. AMYGDALACEAE. 153 1. Kalanchoe brasiliensis Camb. in St. Hil. Fl. Bras. Mer. 2: 196. 1829. Herbaceous, perennial, 3-10 dm. high, glandular-pubescent above. Leaves ovate to obovate, short-petioled, 5-10 cm. long, faintly pinnately veined, crenate-dentate, or the upper pairs lanceolate, nnu-h smaller and entire; inflor- escence 1-3 dm. long, cymose-paniculate, its branches nearly erect, the bracts very small; flowers yellow, 12-16 mm. long; sepals lanceolate, glandular-pubes- cent, acute; corolla-tube 2-3 times as long as the calyx, the limb spreading; stamens borne on the corolla-tube a little above the middle, not exscrted; follicles about 6 mm. long, the brown seeds oblong. Spontaneous after cultivation, pine-lands near Deep Creek, Andros : — Natural- ized in Cuba and in the Virgin Islands. Native of Brazil. Bkazilian K.\i.anciioe. Family 2. AMYGDALACEAE Rchb. Plum Family. Trees or shrubs, the bark exuding gum, the foliage, bark and seeds often containing prussic acid, bitter. Leaves alternate, petioled, serrate, the small stipules early deciduous, the teeth and petiole often glandular. Flowers regular, mostly perfect. Calyx inferior, deciduous, free from the ovary, 5-lobed. Disk annular. Calyx-lobes imbricated in the bud. . Petals 5, inserted on the calyx. Stamens numerous, inserted with the petals. Pistil 1 in our genera; ovary 1-celled, 2-ovuled; style simple: stigma mostly small and capitate. Fruit a drupe. Seed 1, suspended; endosperm none; cotyledons fleshy. About 10 genera and 120 species, widely dis- tributed, most abundant in the north temperate zone. Stylo terminal. 1. Laurocrrnsus. Style basal or lateral. 2. Chrysoholanus. 1. LAUROCERASUS Eoem. Syn. Mon. 3: 89. 1847. Evergreen trees or shrubs, with coriaceous or subcoriaceous leaves and small flowers in axillary racemes. Calyx 5-lobed, the lobes deciduous. Petals 5, white, deciduous. Stamens 15-30, the filaments slender. Ovary sessile; ovules pendulous; style terminal. Drupe subglobose, 1-seeded, the flesh thin, not pulpy. [Laurel-cherry.] About 20 species, of temperate and tropical regions. Type species: Primus Laurocerasus L. 1. Laurocerasus myrtifolia (L.) Britton, N. A. Trees, 510. 1908. Celastms myrtifolius L. Sp. PI. 196. 1753. Prunus spJiaerocarpa Sw. Prodr. 80. 1788, Prunus myrtifolia Urban, Symb. Ant. 5: 93. 1904. A tree attaining a maximum height of about 12 m. with a trunk up to 4 dm. thick, the nearly smooth bark reddish brown. Leaves subcoriaceous, elliptic or elliptic-ovate, 5-10 cm. long, acute, bluntish, or acuminate at the apex, narrowed or obtuse at the base, glabrous, shining aliove, dull beneath, entire-margined, the petioles about 1 cm. long; racemes mostly shorter than the leaves, rather densely flowered; pedicels 4-12 mm. long; calyx-lobes toothed; petals broadly obovate, much longer than the calyx; stamens about as long as the petals; drupes globose, 9-12 mm. in diameter, orange-brown. In coppices. Great Bahama and New rrovidence : — Florida ; Cul>a ; Ilispnnlola : Jamaica. West Indian Ladrel-ciiekry. 11 154 MIMOSACEAE. 2. CKRYSOBAIiANUS L. Sp. PL 513. 1753. Trees or shrubs, with coriaceous, entire or undulate-margined leaves, and small, white or greenish, perfect flowers in terminal or axillary cymes or panicles. Calyx with a campanulate or turbinate tube and a 5-lobed limb, the lobes imbricated, nearly equal. Petals 5, deciduous. Stamens numerous, with slender filaments. Ovary inferior, sessile, 1-celled; ovules 2, erect; style fili- form, basal or lateral. Drupe pulpy, with a hard 5-6-ridged stone. [Greek, golden date.] About 3 species, 2 of them American, the other African. Type s]3ecies: Chrysohalanus Icaco L. Fruit oval or globose ; petals cuneate. 1. C. Icaco. Fruit obovoid ; petals spatulate. 2. C. pellocarpus. 1. Chrysobalanus Icaco L. Sp. PI. 513. 1753. An evergreen tree or shrub, attaining a maximum height of about 10 m., with a trunk sometimes 3 dm. in diameter, the thin bark brownish, the twigs glabrous or nearly so, reddish brown. Leaves elliptic to obovate or nearly orbicular, 4-8 cm. long, glabrous, rounded, obtuse or emarginate at the apex, narrowed at the base, dark green and shining above, dull beneath, the petioles short, stout; cymes peduncled, several-many -flowered, shorter than the leaves; calyx pubescent, its lobes triangular-ovate, acute, about 2.5 mm. long; petals white, cuneate-spatulate, twice as long as the calyx-lobes; drupes various, globose or oval, pink, white or purple, 2-4 cm. long. Coastal thickets and woodlands and especially on the borders of swamps. Great Bahama, Andros. New Providence, Rose Island, Great Guana, Great Exuma, Eleuthera, Cat Island. Watling's. Crooked Island. Inagua. Dellis' Cay (Caicos) and Ambergris Cay (Turk's Islands) : — Florida; West Indies; Mexico to northern conti- nental South America ; tropical Africa. Pokk-fat Apple. Coco Plum. Catesby, 1 : pj. 25. 2. Chrysobalanus pellocarpus G. F. W. Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq. 193. 1818. Chrysohalanus Icaco pellocarpus DC. Prodr. 2: 525. 1825. Similar to the preceding species, but not attaining as large size, usually a shrub 2 m. high or less, sometimes a small tree. Leaves usually smaller, 6 cm. long or less, rounded or abruptly acute at the apex; cymes shorter than the leaves; petals spatulate; drupe mostly obovoid, or oblong-obovoid, 1.5-2 cm. long, purple. Borders of swamps. Great Bahama, Andros, New Providence and Great Exuma: — Florida; Cuba to Porto Rico; Guadeloupe; South America. Probably a race of C. Icaco. Family 3. MIMOSACEAE Rehb. Mimosa Family. Herbs, shrubs or trees, w^itli alternate, commonly 2-3-pinnate leaves, the stipules various, and small regular mostly perfect flowers in heads, spikes or racemes. Calyx 3-6-toothed or 3-6-lobed. the teeth or lobes mostly valvate in the bud. Corolla of as many distinct or united petals, also valvate. Stamens distinct, or monadelphous. Ovary 1-eelled; style simple. Fruit a legume. Seeds without endosperm; cotyledons fleshy. About 40 genera and 1500 species, mostly tropical. A. stamens numerous, at least more than 10. Stamens united below into a tube. Pods not elastically dehiscent. MIMOSACEAE. 155 Valves of the pod not separating from the continuous Valves of the pod thick, coiling in dehiscence in our species. Valves oil the pod flat and papery. Valves of the pod separating from the continuous margins. Pods elastically dehiscent from the base. Stamens distinct. Seeds in one row ; ovary stipitate. Seeds in two rows ; ovary sessile. B. Stamens only as many or twice as many as the corolla- segmenti?. Anthery without glands. Valves of the pod separating from the continuous margin. Valves of the pod not separating from the margins. Shrubs or trees ; seeds transverse. Herbs ; seeds longitudinal or oblique. Anthers tipped by glands (at least in the bud). Herbs ; flowers capitate ; pods flat. Trees ; flowers spicate ; pods nearly terete. margin. 1. I'ithecolobiuin. •2. Albizzia. 3. Lysiloma. 4. AnnesHa. 5. Acacia. 6. VachcUia. 7. Mimosa. 8. Lcucacna. 9. Acuun. !»!. Xcptunia. 1 1 . I'roHopis. 1. PITHECOLOBIUM Mart. Hort. Monac. 188. 1829. Shrubs or trees, often spiny, with 2-pinnate leaves, and small, mostly per feet flowers in heads or spikes. Calyx 5-6-toothed. Corolla 5-6-lobed. Sta- mens many, long-exserted, the filaments partly united into a tube, the anthers small. Ovary several-many-ovuled ; style slender; stigma small, capitate. Pods flattened, mostly contorted or curved, 2-valved. Seeds mostly arillate. [Greek, referring to the contorted pods of the typical species.] Perhaps 100 species, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Type species: Mimosa Unguis-cati L. The original spelling of the genus is Pithecellobium. Pinnae with 1 or 2 pairs of leaflets. Leaflets 1-6 cm. long or longer. Leaflets chartaceous ; petioles of at least the lower leaves longer than the petiolules. 1. J'. LtKjiiis-cuti. Leaflets coriaceous ; petioles shorter than the petiolules or as long. Petioles and petiolules stout, thick, the petiolules often 2-3 cm. long ; leaflets large, 7 cm. long, long ; leaf- Petioles and petiolules slender, 2-5 mm, lets 1-3 cm. long. • Leaflets strongly spinulose-mucronate ; shrub or small tree with erect branches. Leaflets rounded, or merely mucronulate ; low shrubs witli divergent branches. Leaflets 2-8 mm. long; petioles 6 mm. long or less. Pinnae with 3-6 pairs of leaflets. 2. /'. auadaJtipcnsc. unicronaiiiin. hahnmcnae. Hiislrix. discolor. 1. Pithecolobium Unguis-cati (L.) Mart. Hort. Monac. 188. 1829. Mimosa Unguis-cati L. Sp. PI. 517. 1753. Pithecolobium flavovirens Britton, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3: 442. 1905. A shrub up to 6 m. high, rarely a small tree 8 m. high, usually armed with stipular spines 2 cm. long or less, the foliage glabrous. Petiole 5-20 mm. long, bearing a round gland at the summit; pinnae 2, each with one pair of obliquely obovate or oblong, obtuse, thin leaflets, 1-5 cm. long; heads slender-peduncled, in terminal racemes; flowers sessile; calyx about 2 mm. long; corolla 5-6 mm. long; stamens 10-15 ftim. long, yellowish or pinkish; pod coiled or curved, red, compressed, somewhat constricted between the seeds, 5-10 cm. long, about 7 mm. wide; seeds nearly black, shining, 4-6 mm. broad. Scrub-lands, Watling's Island, Acklin's Island, Mariguana, (Jrand Turk nnd Inagua : — Florida ; West Indies ; Yucatan ; northern South America. r.\T"s-cL.\w. The characters thought to difTerentiate /'. fftirovircns speciflcally do not seem constant, since specimens from other islands obtained during subsequent explora- tion appear to connect them with those of P. Untjuis-cati. 156 MIMOSACEAE. 2. Pithecolobium guadalupense Chapm. Fl. S. U, S. 116. 1860. Pithecoloiium Tceyense Britton; Coker, in Shattuck, Bah. Isl. 255. Hvpo- nym. 1905. A usually unarmed shrub or small tree, sometimes 6 m. high Tvith a trunk up to 1.5 dm. in diameter, the bark gray, slightly fissured, the twigs and leaves glabrous. Petioles 2-3 cm. long, bearing a round gland at the summit; pinnae 2. stalked, each bearing a single pair (rarely 2 pairs) of sessile leaflets, which are obliquely obovate or nearly orbicular, firm in texture, 3-7 cm. long, rounded or notched at the apex, or rarely short-pointed, the margins somewhat revolute; peduncles slender, glabrous, as long as the leaves or shorter, sometimes panicled ; flowering heads 2-3 em. in diameter; calyx about 1.5 mm. long, 5-toothed; corolla about 3 mm. long; stamens pink, about 3 times as long as the corolla; ovary pubescent ; pod coiled or much curved, brown, 6-15 cm. long, 8-10 mm. broad; seeds black, shining. Coppices and scrub-lands, throughout the archipelago from Abaco and Andros to Mariguana, Caicos, Inagua and the Anguilla Isles :— Florida ; Cuba. Black-bead. Ram's-horn. 3. Pithecolobium mucronatum Britton; Coker, in Shattuck, Bah. Isl. 254. 1905. A shrub, about 2 m. high, the young twigs and peduncles sparingly pubes- cent. Petiole 1 cm. long or less, longer than or equalling the stiff sharp stipular spines, the gland stout-stalked; pinuae a single pair, stalked, each bearing a single pair of leaflets, which are coriaceous, rather narrowly obovate, 1-2 cm. long, glabrous, bright green and shining above, dull beneath, the mid- vein excurrent; peduncles much longer than the upper leaves; flowering heads about 1.5 cm. in diameter; calyx puberulent, its lobes ovate, acute; corolla about 6 mm. long, puberulent, 2-3 times as long as the calyx; stamens about 12 mm. long. Coastal thickets, Long Island, near Clarence Harbor. Endemic. Pointed Cat's-claw. Catesby, 2 : pJ. 97. The records by Schoepf and by Bentham of P. circinale (L.) Benth., a plant of Hispaniola_, as Bahamian, collected by Catesby, refer to this species. 4. Pithecolobium bahamense Northrop, Mem. Torr. Club 12: 38. 1902. A shrub, 3 m. high or less, the branches slender, glabrous. Petioles 1-10 mm. long, bearing a stout-stalked gland at the summit; stipular spines sharp, 3-7 mm. long; pinnae a single pair; petiolules as long as the petioles or shorter; leaflets 1 pair or sometimes 2 pairs, sessile, obliquely oblong, oblance- olate or obovate, subcoriaceous, 1-2.5 cm. long, glabrous, obtuse or mucronate at the apex, shining above, dull beneath; peduncles 2-3 cm. long; flowering heads 2-3 cm. in diameter; calyx about 2 mm. long, its 5 ovate teeth acute; corolla about 4 mm. long, pink or crimson; stamens pink or crimson, 2-3 times as long as the corolla; ovary puberulent; pod coiled or much curved, .8-12 cm. long, about 1 cm. wide; seeds black. Scrub-lands, pine-lands, savannas and coppices, Andros, New Providence and Great Exuma :— Cuba. Bahama Cat's-claw. 5. Pithecolobium Hystrix (A. Eich.) Benth. in Hook. Icon. PI. pi. 1168. 1876. Inga hystrix A. Eich. Ess. El. Cub. 1: 471. 1845. Pithecolobium caUiandriflorum C. Wright ; Griseb. Cat. PI. Cub. 83. 1866. An intricately branched shrub, 0.5-2 m. high, the twigs very slender, but stiff, puberulent or glabrate, the internodes mostly short. Stipular spines acicular, 4-12 mm. long; petioles 1-6 mm. long; pinnae a single pair; petiolules MIMOSACEAE. 167 mostly shorter than the petioles; leaflets obliquely obovate, 2-8 mm. long, ses- sile, subcoriaceous, rounded at the apex, rather strongly few-veined, shining above, dull beneath; peduncles 4-20 mm. long; heads few-several-flowered; calyx 2 mm. long, sharply 5-toothed; corolla aV>out 5 mm. long; stamens rose, or pink, 2-3 times as long as the corolla; pod curved into a nearly or quite complete circle, 6-12 cm. long, 5-8 mm. wide. Coppices and pine-lands, Andros, New Trovidence and Great Exuma : — Cuba. Bristly Cat's-claw. 6. Pithecolobium discolor Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 41: 4. 1914. A shrub, or a small tree up to 7 m. high, the young twigs and leaves densely puberulent, the old leaves glabrous or somewhat puberulent, 1-2 dm, long; petioles stout, 1-2 cm. long; pinnae 3 or 4 pairs, the glands on the rachis be- tween them small and orbicular; leaflets 3-6 pairs, obovate, chartaceous, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, dark green above, pale beneath, reticulate-veined, obtuse or retuse ; peduncles axillary, 5-11 cm. long; flowers short-racemose; pedicels puberulent; calyx 4-5 mm. long, puberulent; corolla puberulent, 7-8 mm. long; stamens 1.5-2 cm. Jong; pod coiled, 6-8 cm. long, 8-10 mm. wide; seeds blue and white, shining, orbicular, 4 mm. broad. Margin of coppice, Abaco at Old Kerr's Point, perhaps introduced : — Cuba. 2. ALBIZZIA Durazz. Mag. Tosc. 3*: 11. 1772. Unarmed trees, or some species shrubs, with bipinnate leaves and solitary or panicled heads:, umbels, or rarely spikes of small, mostly perfect flowers. Calyx 5-toc.thed. Corolla funnelform, the petals united to about the middle into a tube. Stamens numeious, united below, long-exserted ; anthers small; pollen-grains agglomerate. Pod broadly linear, flat, thin, not pulpy within. Seed?' suborbicular to oblong. [In honor of the Italian naturalist Albizzi.] About 50 species, natives of the Old World. Type species: Albiz.zia JuUbrissin Burazzini. 1. Albizzia Lebbeck (L.) Benth. Lond. Jour. Bot. 3: 87. 1844. Mimosa Lehheclc L. Sp. PI. 516. 1753. Acacia Lehheclc Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 1066. 1806. A tree, up to 15 m. high, often flowering when not over 5 m., the foliage glabrous or sparingly puberulent. Leaves large, often 4 dm. long; petioles 2-10 cm. long, bearing an oblong, sessile gland ; pinnae 2-4 pairs ; leaflets 4-9 pairs on each pinna, thin, nearly sessile, obliquely oblong or the terminal pair obovate, obtuse, 2-4 cm. long, reticulate-veined; peduncles 3-10 cm. long; umbels subglobose ; pedicels pubescent, 2-5 mm. long; calyx narrowly cam- panulate, pubescent, about 4 mm. long, its teeth short; corolla about 6 mm. long; stamens yellowish, about 3 cm. long; pod straight, broadly linear, nar- rowed at each end, 1.5-3 dm. long, 2-4 cm. wide, glabrous, shining; seeds about 1.5 cm. broad. Roadsides spontaneous after cultivation. New Providence near Nassau : — Widely planted and established in the \Yest Indies : native of tropical Asia and Africa. Woman's-tongue I'rer. Sixger-tiu:e. Whistling rean. 3. LYSILOMA Benth. Lond. Jour. Bot. 3: 82. 1844. Unarmed trees or shrubs, with slender branches, bipinnate leaves, the small flowers in heads or spikes. Calyx campanulate, 5-lobed. Corolla 5-lobed. 158 MIMOSACEAE. Stamens numerous, more than twice as many as tlie corolla-lobes, the filaments united below into a tube. Ovary sessile or short-stalked; style slender or filiform ; ovules several or numerous. Pods flat, linear or oblong, the valves separating from the continuous margins. Seeds transverse, flattened. [Greek, referring to the separating of the pod-valves from the margins.] About 10 species of tropical and subtropical America. Type species: Lysiloma hahamen- sis Benth. Leaflets few, obovate-oval ; stipules obovate ; pod obtuse. 1. L. Sahicu. Leaflets many, oblong or lanceolate ; stipules ovate ; pod acute. 2. L. hahamensis. 1. Lysiloma Sabicu Benth. Kew Jour. Bot. 6: 236. 1854. Acacia latisiliqua paucifoliola DC. Prodr. 2: 467. 1825. Acacia formosa A. Rich. Ess. Fl. Cub. 463. 1845. Xot Kunth. 1822. Lysiloma formosa Hitchc. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4: 83. 1893. Lysiloma 'paucifoliola Hitchc; Xorthrop, Mem. Torr. Club. 12: 38. 1902. A tree, attaining in Cuban forests a height of 60 m. or more, usually much smaller, the gray bark somewhat scaly, the slender twigs glabrous. Stipules obovate, rounded ; leaves 1-2 dm. long, the petiole bearing a small circular gland; pinnae 2-4 pairs; leaflets 3-7 pairs, oval or obovate, 1-2.5 cm. long, rounded at the apex, rounded or narrowed at the base, glabrous, reticulate- veined, short-petioled; heads about 1.5 em. in diameter, solitary and long- peduncled in the axils; flowers greenish white; calyx about 1 mm. long; corolla about twice as long as the calyx, its lobes villous above; stamens 15-20, 2-3 times as long as the corolla; pod oblong, 7-15 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide, rounded at the apex; seeds brown, flat, 6-10 mm. long. Coppices and scrub-lands, Andros. New Providence, Eleuthera. Great Guana Cay, Great Exuma and Fortune Island : — Cuba ; Hispaniola. Horseflesh. Sabicu. 2. Lysiloma bahamensis Benth. Lond. Jour. Bot. 3: 82. 1844. Acacia hahamensis Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I. 221. 1860. Lysiloma latisiliqua A. Gray; Sauv. Anales Acad. Habana 5: 406. 1869. A tree, attaining a maximum height of about 16 m. with a trunk up to 1 m. in diameter, the smooth, gray bark splitting into scales, the branches spread- ing, the twigs slender, glabrous ; stipules ovate, acuminate ; leaves 8-14 cm. long, the petiole bearing a large gland near the lowest pair of pinnae; pinnae 2-5 pairs, 3-8 cm. long; leaflets 10-33 pairs, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, sessile, 8-15 mm. long, obtuse at the apex, unequally rounded at the base, glabrous; heads 1.5-2 cm. in diameter, racemose, globose, on peduncles 2-4 cm. long ; flowers white, mostly perfect ; calyx campanulate, about 1 mm. long ; corolla twice as long as the calyx, its lobes reflexed ; stamens about 20, twice as long as the corolla; pod linear-oblong, 8-15 cm. long, 2-2.5 cm. wide, nearly straight, pointed; seeds flat, about 12 mm. long, dark brown, shining. Coppices and scrub-lands, Abaco and Great Bahama throughout the archipelago to Caicos and Inagua : — Florida ; Cuba ; Yucatan. Wild Tamarind. 4. ANNESLIA Salisb. Parad. Lond. pi. 64. 1807. Shrubs, or small trees, with bipinnate leaves and capitate flowers, the heads peduncled, axillary, or in terminal racemes. Calyx 5-toothed or 5-lobed. Corolla funnelform or campanluate, 5-lobed, the petals being united to the mid- dle or above the middle. Stamens numerous; filaments united below, long-ex- MIMOSACEAE. 159 serted; anthers small, glandular-hirsute or glabrous, the pollen grains agglom- erate. Ovary many-ovuled; style filiform. Pod linear, usually narrowed below the middle, flat, not pulpy within, straight or nearly so, elastically dehiscent from the base, the valves stiff with raised margins. Seeds obovate or orbicular, com- pressed. [In honor of George Annesley, 1769-1844, English traveler and botanist.] Over 100 species, of tropical and subtropical distribution. Type species: Anneslia falcifolia Salisb. Flowers red to purple: pod appressed-pubescent. 1. A. haematosioma Flcwers white; pod glabrous. 2. A. forniosa. 1. Anneslia haematostoma (Bert.) Britton, Mem. Brooklyn Bot. Gard 1: 50. 1918. Acacia haematomma Bert.; DC. Mem. Leg. 448. 1825. Calliandra haematomma Benth. Lond. Jour. Bot. 3: 103. 1844. A much-branched shrub 3 m. high or less, the twigs sparingly pilose or glabrous. Leaves small, 1-3 cm. long; petioles short; pinnae 1 pair; leaflets 3-8 pairs, oblong to obovate, 4-8 mm. long, obtuse or mucronate, strongly few- nerved, coriaceous; peduncles mostly pubescent, usually shorter than the leaves, commonly clustered toward the ends of the branches; calyx striate, about 2 mm. long; corolla silky-pubescent, 5-7 mm. long; stamens red, 1-2 cm. long; pod pubescent, 5-8 cm. long, 6-8 mm. wide. Scrub-lands and coppices, Abaco, Great Bahama, Rum Cay, Conception Island, Fortune Island, \Yatling"s, Caicos and Inagua : — Cuba to St. Thomas. Red Anneslia. 2. Anneslia formdsa (Kunth) Britton & Millspaugh. Acacia formosa Kunth, Mim. 102. 1822. Calliandra formosa Benth. in Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. 3: 98. 1844. Calliandra formosa cubensis Macbride, Contr. Gray Herb. II. 59: 4. 1919. A branched shrub, 0.5-2.5 m. high, glabrous throughout. Leaves 7-15 cm. long; petioles 1-3 cm. long; pinnae 2 or 3 pairs; leaflets 6-11 pairs, oblong to oblong-obovate, inequilateral, 10-22 mm. long, obtuse at the apex, obliquely subtruncate at the base, subchartaceous, few-veined; peduncles slender, shorter than the leaves; calyx about 2 mm. long; corolla glabrous, about twice as long as the calyx; stamens w^hite, 1-1.5 cm. long; pod glabrous, 5-9 cm. long, about 1 cm. wide, attenuate at the base. Scrub-lands, coppices and thickets, throughout the archipelago from Abaco and the Berry Islands to South Caicos, Inagua and the Anguilla Isles : — Cuba ; Mexico. Recorded by Hitchcock as CaUiandra gracilis Griseb. and by Dolley as CaUiamlra portoricensis Benth. White Anneslia. 5. ACACIA Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 1049. 1806. Shrubs or trees, with bipinnate leaves, the ultimate leaflets usually small and numerous, or the leaves in many exotic species modified into flat simple phyllodes. Flowers small, in heads or spikes. Calyx campanulate, usually 4-5-toothed, or of 4 or 5 distinct sepals. Petals mostly 4 or 5, or wanting. Stamens distinct, exserted ; filaments filiform ; pollen-grains cohering in 2 's-6 's. Pod linear, oblong or oval, flat or swollen, often constricted between the seeds. [Greek, point, or thorn, many species being thorny.] About 450 species, chiefly in subtropical regions. Type species: Aca-cia niloiica Delile. 160 MIMOSACEAE. Foliage glabrous. Leaflets linear-oblong : base of trunlc armed with clusters of long spines. 1. A. acuifera. Leaflets obovate to oblong and elliptic ; unarmed tree. 2. A. choriophylla. Foliage pubescent ; leaflets many, linear. 3. A. macracantha. 1. Acacia acuifera Benth. in Hook. Lend. Journ. Bot. 1 : 496. 1842. A glabrous, mucli-branched shrub or small tree up to about 4 m. high, the base of the trunk armed with clusters of rigid sharp sj^ines 4-10 cm. long, the slender twigs warty. Stipules spinescent, 2-20 mm. long; petiole 3-10 mm. long, bearing a sessile, nearly flat gland at the end, between the single pair of short-stalked pinnae; pinnae 5-9 em. long, the raehis bearing small glands between the pairs of leaflets; leaflets 8-17 pairs, oblong, coriaceous, 5-15 mm. long, obtuse at the apex, obliquely truncate at the sessile base, shining above, dull beneath; peduncles solitary or fascicled, slender, 2-3.5 cm. long; flowers yellow in dense globose heads about 8 mm. in diameter; stamens about twice as long as the corolla; pod fleshy, linear, curved, 5-7 cm. long, 5-7 mm. thick, slightly impressed between the seeds. Coppices and scrub-lands, Eleuthera, Cat Island, Rum Cay, Fortune Island, Acklin's. Grand Turk, Caicos Islands, Inagua and Little Inagua. Endemic. Ba- hama Acacia. Rosewood. Cassip. Poek-and-Doughboy. 2. Acacia choriophylla Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1: 495. 1842. An unarmed tree, up to 8 or 9 m. high, the twigs and leaves glabrous. Stipules minute, subulate; petioles rather stout, 8-15 mm. long, glandular; leaves 1-2 dm. long; pinnae 1-3 pairs, short-stalked; leaflets 3-7 pairs, sessile, oblong to obovate, subcoriaceous, 1.5-3 cm. long, 8-15 mm. wide, rounded or slightly emarginate at the apex, mostly obtuse at the base; peduncles mostly clustered in the axils, slender, glabrous, often numerous, 2-3.5 cm. long; flowers yellow, in dense globose heads 6-8 mm. in diameter, the corolla puberu- lent ; stamens about twice as long as the corolla ; pod stipitate, woody, oblong, straight or somewhat curved, compressed, 4-8 cm. long, 1.5-2.5 cm. wide, about 8 mm. thick, short-pointed, glabrous, tardily dehiscent. Coppices and scrub-lands, throughout the archipelago from Abaco and Great Bahama to Andros, Mariguana and Inagua : — Cays of northern Cuba. Recorded by Hitchcock as PithecoloMum asplenifolium Griseb. Ci>'xecoed. 3. Acacia macracantha H. & B.; Willd. Sp. PL 4: 1080. 1806. A widely branched tree, 5-15 m. high, or sometimes a shrub, the young twigs slender, tomentose or pubescent, the tortuous branches armed with stipular spines 6 cm. long or less, or sometimes unarmed. Leaves tomentose or pubescent, the short petiole bearing a sessile depressed gland; pinnae 8—10 pairs, short-stalked, 2-4 cm. long; leaflets 15-40 pairs, linear, 2-5 mm. long, obtuse, sessile, glabrous or nearly so; peduncles clustered or solitary in the upper axils, slender, pubescent, 1-3 cm. long; flowers yellow, capitate; heads globose, 8-10 mm. in diameter; pod linear, tomentulose, turgid-compressed, 6-10 cm. long, straight or a little curved, continuous or more or less torulose, somewhat pulpy. Rocky plain, Salt Cay, Turk's Islands : in a yard, Matthew Town, Inagua : — Jamaica ; Cuba ; Hispaniola ; Vieques ; St. Thomas to Tortola, Martinique and Vene- zuela. LoxG-spiNED Acacia, 6. VACHELLIA W. & A. Prodr. 272. 1834. Spiny shrubs or small trees, with bipinnate leaves, numerous, small leaflets, the polygamous flowers in globular heads. Calyx 5-lobed; corolla tubular- funnelform, 5-lobed. Stamens numerous, the filaments distinct. Ovary sessile; MIMOSACEAE. 161 style filiform. Pod woody, swollen, nearly terete, very tardily dehiscent or inde- liiscent, pulpy within. Seeds in two rows, immersed in the pi^p. [Com- memorates C. H. Vachell, an English missionary and botanical collector in China.] A monotypic genus. 1. Vachellia Famesiana (L.) W. & A. Prodr. '272. 1834. Mimosa Famesiana L. Sp. PI. 521. 1753. Acacia Famesiana Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 1083. 1806. A shrub or small tree up to about 9 m. high, its thin brown bark scaly, the slender branches spreading, the twigs armed with stiff paired whitish spines 1-2.5 cm. long. Leaves glabrous or more or less pubescent, evenly bipin- nate, 4-8 cm. long, short-petioled ; pinnae 3-8 pairs, sessile or nearly so ; leaflets 10-25 pairs, linear-oblong, 2-6 mm. long, blunti^^h at the apex ; peduncles axillary, slender, mostly shorter than the leaves ; heads 8-12 mm. in diameter; flowers yellow, fragrant; calyx about half as long as the corolla; corolla about 1.5 mm. long; stamens 2-3 times as long as the corolla; pod straight or a little curved, 3-7.5 cm. long, about 1.5 cm. thick, pointed, dark brown ; seeds shining, 6 mm. long. Waste and schub-lands and coastal thickets, Andros, New Providence. Eleuthera, Cat Island. Watling's, Great Exuma, Fortune Island. Grand Turk and Caicos : — Florida; Cuba to Virgin Gorda and Tobago; .Jamaica; continental tropical Amer- ica and Old World tropics. Recorded by Dollej' as Acacia tortuosa Willd., a Jam- aican species. Akoma. Cashia. Opoponax. 7. MIMOSA L. Sp. PI. 516. 1753. Herbs, shrubs or rarely trees, mostly with 2-pinnate, often sensitive leaves, the small regular, mostly 4-5-parted, perfect or sometimes polygamous flowers in axillary, peduncled heads or spikes. Calyx small, its teeth short. Petals valvate, connate below, hypogynous. Stamens as many as the petals or twice as many, distinct; exserted; filaments mostly filiform; anthers small, eglandular. Ovary 2-many-ovuled ; style slender or filiform; stigma terminal, small. Pod linear or oblong, usually flat, often transversely jointed, 2-valved with the con- tinuous margins persistent. Seeds compressed. [Greek, referring to the sensi- tive leaves of some species.] Over 300 species, natives of tropical and warm regions. Type species: Mimosa sensitiva L. Low, sensitive-leaved herb. 1. J/, pudica. Shrub, the leaves not sensitive. 2. J/, hahanuiisis. 1. Mimosa pudica L. Sp. PI. 518. 1753. Herbaceous, or a little woody, loosely pubescent with long hairs or gla- brate, branched, 5 dm. high or less, the stems and branches armed with rather stout, somewhat curved prickles 2-4 mm. long. Stipules lanceolate, striate, acuminate, 3-6 mm. long; petioles slender, with a pulvinus at the base, 2-6 cm. long, deflexed when touched; pinnae 1 pair or 2 approximate pairs, also with a pulvinus at base, 2-6 cm. long; leaflets 15-25 pairs, thin, linear, 6-10 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. wide, folding when touched, acutish at the apex, obliquely founded at the base; heads ovoid, axillary; peduncles 1-2 cm. long; calyx minute; petals and stamens 4; stamens pink; pods linear-oldong, 2-5-jointed, 1-1.5 cm. long, 3 mm. wide, constricted at the joints, the margins armed with slender straight prickles, otherwise glabrous. Andros at Mastic Point, collected onlv by Keith : — West Indies ; continental tropical America ; naturalized in the East Indies. Cultivated on New Providence. Sensitive Plant. 162 MIMOSACEAE. 2. Mimosa bahamensis Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4: 408. 1842. A mufli-braiiclied shrub 1.5-3.5 m. high, or a small tree about 4 m. high, the branches armed with short hooked prickles, the twigs densely brown-tomentulose. Petioles, rachis and peduncles tomentulose or rachis glabrate; leaves 4-7 cm. long; petioles 5-20 mm. long; pinnae 2-4 pairs; leaflets 2-6 pairs, oval or obo- vate, 2-6 mm, long, subcoriaceous, glabrous or nearly so, rounded at the apex, subcordate or nearly truncate at the base, the midvein prominent, the lateral venation obscure; heads 1 cm. broad, short-peduncled, axillary and in terminal racemes; calyx about 0.5 mm. long; corolla about 1.5 mm. long, 4-cleft; stamens 8, pink, 2-3 times as long as the corolla ; pod linear-oblong, compressed, 4-7 cm, long, 12-14 mm. wide, densely brown-tomentulose, 6-10-jointed, both sutures narrowly winged, the wings lacerate or nearly entire; seeds oval- quadrate, smooth, brown, 4-6 mm. long. Scrub-lands and thickets, Watling's Island, Rum Cay, Fortune Island, Acklin's Island, Caicos Islands : Inagua. Endemic. Bahama Mimosa. Haulback. The plant recorded by Schoepf as Mimosa arhorea has not been identified. 8. LEUCAENA Benth, in Hook, Journ. Bot. 4: 416, 1842, Unarmed trees or shrubs, with bipinnate leaves, the white flowers in peduncled heads. Calyx narrowly campanulate, 5-toothed. Petals 5, distinct, valvate. Stamens 10, distinct, exserted, the anthers not gland-bearing, often pilose. Ovary stipitate; ovules numerous; style filiform; stigma minute. Pod broadly linear, flat, membranous, completely 2-valved, the ovate or obovate flat seeds transverse. [Greek, referring to the white flowers.] About 10 species, mostly of tropical America, the following typical. 1. Leucaena glauca (L.) Benth. in Hook. Journ, Bot. 4: 416. 1842. Mimosa glauca L. Sp. PI. 520. 1753. Usually a shrub 2-3 m. high, but sometimes a small tree, in Porto Rico becom- ing a tree 20 m. high, the young twigs puberulent. Leaves 1-2 dm, long ; petiole 3-6 cm. long, with or without a gland ; pinnae 3-10 pairs, the upper ones little shorter than the lower ; leaflets 10-20 pairs to each pinna, oblong or lanceolate, thin, 8-15 mm. long, inequilateral, acute at the apex, obliquely narrowed at the base, ligbt green above, pale beneath; heads globular, axillary or terminal, mostly clustered, 1.5-3 cm. in diameter; peduncles stout, puberulent or pubescent, 2-3 cm. long; calyx obconic, 1 mm. long, its short teeth blunt ; petals linear-spatulate, pubes- cent; stamens about 3 tim^s as long as the petals; ovary pubescent; pods several or numerous, linear, ]0-15 cm. long, about 1.5 cm. wide, abruptly acute or mucronate, tapering at the base, the thin valves with raised margins. Pastures, coppices, waste-lands and thickets, throughout the archipelago from Abaco and Great Bahama to the Caicos and Inagua : — Bermuda ; Florida ; West Indies : tropical America : Old World tropics. Probably native of continental trop- ical America. .Tumbie Bean. Jimbay. Cow-bush. Catesby 2 : pi. 1,2. 9. ACUAN Medic. Theod. 62. 1786. Perennial herbs or shrubs, with bipinnate leaves, small stipules, and green- ish or whitish small regular flowers in axillary peduncled heads or spikes. Flowers perfect, sessile, or the lowest sometimes staminate, neutral or apetalous. Calyx campanulate, its teeth short. Petals valvate, distinct, or slightly united or coherent below. Stamens 10 or 5, distinct, mainly exserted; anthers all alike. Ovary nearly sessile; ovules oo. Pod linear, straight or curved, acute. MIMOSACEAE. 163 flat, several-seeded, 2-valved, the valves coriaceous or membranous. About 10 species, natives of warm and tropical America, one widely distributed in trop- ical regions of the Old World. Type species: Mimosa virgata L. Pods 6-9 cm. long; plant erect or ascending. 1. a. rirfjatum. Pods 4-5 cm. long; plant diffuse. 2. A. diiji-csnum. 1. Acuan virgatum (L.) Medic. Theod. C2. 1786. Mimosa virgata L. Sp. PI. 519. 1753. '? Mimosa pernamhucana L. Sp. PI. 519. 1753. Desmanthus virgatus Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 1047. 1806. Desmantlius strictus Bertol. Giorn. Arcad. 21: 190. 1824. Stem erect or ascending, glabrous or sparingly pubescent above, branched, 0.5-2 m. high. Stipules subulate, 2.5-4 mm. long; leaves 2-8 cm. long, short- petioled, the petiole and rachis sometimes pubescent; pinnae 1-7 pairs, the gland between the lower pair usually oblong, conspicuous; leaflets 10-20 pairs, linear or linear-oblong, 4-9 mm. long, thin, obtuse or apiculate at the apex, subtruncate at the base; heads few-several-flowered; peduncles solitary in the axils, slender, 2-5 cm. long; flowers white; stamens 10, about twice as long as the petals; pod straight or slightly curved, 4-7.5 cm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, acute or apiculate, smooth. Thickets and scrub-lands. Great Sturrup Cay, Andros, New Providence. Eleu- thera, Long Island, Acklin's, Fortune Island and Inagua : — Florida ; Bermuda ; West Indies ; continental tropical America. Virgate Mimosa. 2. Acuan depressum (H. & B.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1: 158. 1891. Desmanthus depressus H. & B.; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 1046. 1806. Diffusely branched, seldom over 3 dm. high, glabrous or sparingly pubes- cent. Stipules subulate, 3.5 mm. long or less; leaves short-petioled, 1.5-4 cm. long; pinnae 1-5 pairs, the gland between the lowest pair email, mostly orbicu- lar; leaflets 10-20 pairs, linear, 3-5 mm. long, thin, obtuse at the apex, obtuse or subtruncate at the base; heads few-flowered, on solitary axillary peduncles; stamens 10, about 6 mm. long, twice as long as the petals; pod straight or slightly curved, 2-5 em. long, about 3 mm. wide. Roadsides and waste places, Andros. Mangrove Cay, New Providence. Long Island, Ambergris Cay and Inagua : — Florida ; Cuba to Tortola and Grenada ; Jamaica ; Mexico to continental tropical America. Low Mimosa, 10. NEPTUNIA Lour. Fl. Coch. 653. 1790. Prostrate, diffuse or floating perennial herbs, some species a little woody, with bipinnate leaves, and axillary solitary, long-peduncled heads of more or less imperfect and perfect flowers. Calyx campanulate, with 5 short teeth. I'etals 5, distinct, or united below the middle. Stamens mostly 10, distinct, exserted, the anthers bearing a stalked gland. Ovary stipitate, several-many- ovuled; style filiform with a terminal capitate stigma. Pods broadly linear or narrowly oblong, stipitate, flat, commonly recurved, impressed between the ovate transverse seeds, 2-valved, the valves thin-coriaceous. [Dedicated to Neptune.] About 10 species, of America, tropical Asia and Australia. Type species: Neptunia oleracea Lour. 164 CAESALPINIACEAE. 1. Neptunia plena (L.) Benth. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4: 355. 1842. Mimosa plena L. Sp. PL 519. 1753. Glabrous, the slender branches prostrate or ascending, 3-6 dm. long. Stipules ovate to lanceolate, thin, oblique, 4-6 mm. long; leaves 4-10 cm. long, with slender petioles; pinnae 2-4 pairs; leaflets 12-20 pairs, linear, thin, faintly veined, 4-10 mm. long, obtuse; peduncles 6-12 cm. long, usually bearing 1 or 2 cordate bracts at or below the middle ; heads ovoid ; flowers yellow, the upper ones perfect, the lower staminate, or neutral with exserted staminodia; pods 2-0 cm. long, about 8 mm. wide, acute or apiculate, thickened on the margins. Scrub-land opening, New Providence ; Inagua, near a fresh water pond west of Great Salt Lake : — Cuban Cays ; Haiti ; Porto Rico ; Antigua to Grenada ; Ja- maica ; continental tropical America. Neptuxia. 11. PROSOPIS L. Mant. 1: 10. 1767. Trees, with bipinnate leaves, and small, nearly or quite sessile flowers, in axillary spikes or rarely capitate. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed. Petals 5, valvate. Stamens 10, distinct, the anthers usually bearing a deciduous gland. Ovary many-ovuled; style filiform; stigma small and terminal. Pod linear, subterete or somewhat flattened, coriaceous, indehiseent, the mesoearp spongy. Seeds flattened. [Greek name of some plant.] About 15 species, natives of tropical and subtropical regions. Type species: Prosopis spicigera L. 1, Prosopis jiiliflora (Sw.) DC. Prodr. 2: 447. 1825. Mimosa jiilifora Sw. Prodr. 85. 1788. A tree, up to 13 m. high, but usually smaller, with widely spreading branches, armed with stipular slender straight spines, 1-4 cm. long, the slender twigs glabrous or nearly so. Leaves glabrous, or when young sparingly ciliate, 0.7-2 dm. long; petioles slender, 1-4 cm. long; pinnae 1 or 2 pairs, short- stalked; leaflets 12-20 pairs, linear-oblong, sessile, 7-16 mm. long, strongly few- veined, obtuse or mucronulate at the apex, obliquely obtuse at the base; flowers greenish or yellowish, in dense cylindric peduncled spikes, 5-10 em. long, 7-8 mm. thick; calyx about 1 mm. long, its teeth short; petals about 2.5 mm. long, acute, villous within; ovary villous; pod compressed, falcate, 7-20 cm. long, 8-10 mm. wide, 5-7 mm. thick when mature. Waste places, introduced but not planted, Inagua, near Mathew Town : — Cuba ; Hispaniola ; Tortola ; Montserrat ; Jamaica : Bonaire ; Curagao ; Aruba ; continental tropical America. Naturalized in the Philippine Islands. Mesquite. Family 4. CAESALPINIACEAE KI. & Garcke. Senna Family. Trees, herbs or shrubs, with alternate, simple or compoimd, mostly stipulate leaves. Flowers mostly clustered and perfect, sometimes monoe- cious, dioecious or polygamous, nearly regular, or irregular. CaWx mostly of 5 sepals or 5-tootbed. Petals usually 5, imbricated, and the upper (unpaired) one enclosed by the lateral ones in the bud. Stamens 10 or fewer in our genera, the filaments distinct, or more or less united. Ovary 1-celled, 1-many-ovuled. Fruit a legnme, mostly dehiscent into 2 valves. Seeds with or without endosperm. About 90 genera and 1000 species, mostly of tropical distribution. CAESALPINIACEAE. 165 Leaves once pinnate. Anthers dorsifixed, longitudinally dehiscent; larger petals 3. 1. Tamarind u a. Anthers basifixed. mostly opening by terminal pores or slits : petals 5. Pod not elastically dehiscent : seeds with long funicles. '2. Cassia. Pod elastically 2-valved ; seeds with short funicles. 3. Chumavcrista. Leaves twice pinnate. Petiole very short, terminating in a spine. 4. Parkinson ia. Petioles well developed. Stigma not peltate ; pod not winged. Pod splitting through the middle of the valves. 5. JIu<'matox!ilum. I'od splitting along the sutures. Woody vines : pods broad, thick, mostly prickly. 6. GuHanOina. Trees or shrubs ; pods narrow, unarmed. Calyx-lobes imbricate : shrubs and low trees. Stamens and pistils little longer than the corolla. 7. Caesalpinia. Stamens and pistils much longer than the corolla. 8. Poincinna. Calyx-lobes not imbricated ; large introduced tree. D. Drlonix. Stigma peltate; pod flat, thin, winged. lu. Pcltophontm. 1. TAMARINDUS L. Sp. PI. 34. 1753. An unarmed tree, with e\enly pinnate leaves, numerous and small leaflets, the stipules caducous, and pink to yellow racemose flowers. Calyx-tube turbi- nate, its 4 segments imbricated. Petals* very unequal, the 3 upper ones large, nearly alike, the 2 lower ones minute, scale-like. Perfect stamens 3, mona- delphous; anthers longitudinally dehiscent; staminodia minute. Ovary stipi- tate, few-many-ovuled, the stipe adnata to the calyx-tube; style long; stigma terminal, subeapitate. Pod linear or linear-oblong, curved, little compressed, indehiscent, the thin epicarp crustaeeous, the mesocarp pulpy, the coriaceous endocarp septate between the obovate-orbieular seeds. Endosperm none; coty- ledons thick. [Latin name of the tree.] A monotypic genus. 1. Tamarindus indica L. Sp. PI. 34. 1753. A large tree, sometimes 20 m. high or higher, with a trunk up to 1.5 m. thick, the branches widely spreading, the young twigs slender, pubcrulent. Leaves 6-12 cm. long, short-petioled, glabrous or nearly so; leaflets 10-18 pairs, thin, reticulate-veined, oblong, 12-25 mm. long, rounded or retuse at the apex, obliquely obtuse or Pubtruncate at the base; racemes few-several-flowered, mostly terminal and shorter than the leaves; pedicels slender, 6-10 mm. long; calyx 8-10 mm. long; larger petals a little longer than the sepals; stamens a little longer than the petals; pod 5-15 cm. long, about 2 cm. thick, the epicarp brown, scaly, the flesh acid, the brown shining seeds about 1 cm. broad. Spontaneous after cultivation. Andros. New Providence and Inagua : — Prob- ably native of tropical Africa : widely naturalized in tropical America. T.vmarind. 2. CASSIA [Tourn.] L. Sp. PI. 376. 1753. Herbs, shrubs, or some tropical species trees, with evenly pinnate leaves, and mainly (in all our species) yellow flowers. Calyx-teeth nearly equal, generally longer than the tube. Corolla nearly regular; petals 5, spreading, nearly equal, imbricated, clawed. Stamens usually 10, sometimes 5, often unequal and Pome of them imperfect; anthers all alike, or those of the lower stamens larger, opening by 2 pores at the summit. Ovules oo. Pods various. Seeds often rumerous. [Ancient name.] About 200 species, of ^vide distrilnition in warm and temperate regions. Type species: Cassia Fistula L. 166 CAESALPINIACEAE. Pods not jointed. Pods terete or turgid. Pods turgid, straight. Suture indistinct ; seeds in a single row. 1. C. Sophera. Suture indistinct : seeds in a double row. 2. C. hicapstilaris. Pods not turgid, strongly curved, narrow. 3. C. Tora. Pods flat, or tlie valves lightly convex ; suture distinct. Petiolar gland situated near the leaf base. Gland wart-like. 4. 0. occidentalis. Gland elongated, pointed. 5. C. Ugustrina. Petiolar gland at the first pair of leaflets. Gland wart-lilse. 6. 0. hahamensis. Gland elongated. 7, C. hiflora. Pods jointed. Joints continuous. 8. 0. uniflora. Joints moniliform. 9. G. villosa 1. Cassia Sophera L. Sp. 379. 1753. A shrub, 1-2.3 m. high, nearly glabrous throughout, with slender branches. Leaves 1-1.5 dm. long; petiole 1-3 cm. long, bearing a sessile round gland near the base; leaflets 5-10 pairs, ciliate, at least when young, membranous, lanceo- late to oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate at the apex, mostly rounded at the base; flowers in short racemes in the upper axils; pedicels 8-15 mm. long; calyx about 8 mm. long; petals about twice as long as the sepals; pod linear, straight, turgid or subterete, 5-10 cm. long, 7-9 mm. thick, pointed, glabrous; seeds dull, brown, 4-5 mm. long. Waste grounds, New Providence, near Nassau, Eleuthera, Cat Island : — West Indies ; continental tropical America ; Old World tropics. Kasondi Sexxa. 2. Cassia bicapsularis L. Sp. PL 376. 1753. A shrub, up to 3.5 m. high, glabrous, or nearly so, throughout, the branches slender, sometimes vine-like. Stipules small, early deciduous; leaves 5-9 cm. long, slightly fleshy, bearing an oblong gland narrowed toward the base, between the lowest pair of leaflets; leaflets 3-5 pairs, 1-4 cm. long, short-stalked, rounded at the apex, the upper pair obovate, narrowed at the base, the others oblong to suborbicular, rounded at both ends; racemes axillary, few-flowered, as long as the leaves or longer; pedicels 3-8 mm. long; sepals oblong, obtuse, faintly veined, 8-12 mm. long; petals yellow, veiny, oblong-obovate, somewhat longer than the sepals; pod turgid, subterete, 8-15 cm. long, about 1 cm. thick, longitudinally dehiscent; seeds lenticular, obliquely oval, brown, shining, about 5 mm. long, horizontal. Scrub-lands and loose rocky soil, North Caicos, Grand Turk Island : — Ber- muda (naturalized); Cuba to Tortola and Grenada; Jamaica; continental trop- ical America. CuRiSTiiAS-BUSH. Wild Raisix. 3. Cassia Tora L. Sp. PI. 376. 1753. Cassia ohtusifolia L. Sp. PI. 377. 1753. Annual, glabrous, 4-6 dm. high. Stipules linear-subulate, deciduous ; leaves petioled, the gland borne between or above the lowest pair of leaflets; leaflets 2-4 pairs, thin, obovate, obtuse and mucronate at the apex, 2-4 cm. long; flowers 1-2.5 cm. broad, few, in short axillary racemes; calyx-lobes oblong, obtuse; stamens 10, the anthers of the upper 3 imperfect; pod linear, very slender, subterete, strongly curved, 1-1.5 dm. long, about 3 mm. wide. Waste grounds. New Providence, Eleuthera : — Central and southern United States ; throughout tropical and subtropical America ; Old World tropics. Low Senxa. 4. Cassia occidentalis L. Sp. PI. 377. 1753. Annual, glabrous, much branched, 1.4-2 m. high. Stipules caducous; gland borne near the base of the petiole; leaflets 8-12, rounded at the base, 2-5 cm. CAESALPINIACEAE. 167 long, 8-18 mm. wide; flowers 14-18 mm. broad, in short axillary racemes; stamens 10, the upper 3 imperfect; calyx-lobes oblong, obtuse; pod linear, gla- brous, 1-1.5 dm. long, about 6 mm. wide, nearly flat, somewhat curved, its margins thickened. Waste and cultivated ground, North Bimini. Andros, New Providence, Eleu thera, Watling's, Long, Fortune, and Aclvlin's Islands and Inagua : — Bermuda ; soutliern United States ; throughout tropical America ; Old World tropics. Coffee Senna. 5 Cassia ligustrina L. Sp, PI. 378. 1753. Perennial, shrubby, glabrous or somewhat pubescent, branched, 5-20 dm. high, the branches nearly terete. Stipules linear, fugacious or wanting; leaves petioled, 1-2.5 dm. long, bearing a linear-oblong gland on the petiole; leaflets 5-8 pairs, short-petioluled, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate acuminate at the apex, rounded or narrowed at the base, 2.5-6 cm. long; racemes few-several- flowered, peduncled, axillary and forming a terminal corymb; pedicels slender; calyx about 8 mm. long; petals yellow, fading whitish, twice as long as the sepals; perfect stamens 10; pod linear, flat, glabrous, curved, 7-15 cm. long, 6-10 mm. wide; seeds compressed, parallel with the valves. Waste grounds, pine and scrub-lands, Abaco, Great Bahama, Andros and New Providence : — Bermuda ; Florida ; Jamaica ; Cuba ; Ilispaniola : Guiana. I'uivet Senna. 6. Cassia bahamensis Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, no. 9. 1768. Cassia bahamensis latifolia Benth. Trans, Linn. Soc. 27: 541. 1871. A shrub, 1-3 m. high, the stems simple or branched, glabrous or somewhat pubescent. Leaves 7-15 cm. long; leaflets 3-5 pairs, rather firm in texture, oblong or elliptic to ovate-elliptic, acute or mucronate, 2.5-6 cm. long, the petiolar gland large, sessile, Avart-like, orbicular or subglobose, the linear stipules caducous; flowers corymbose-paniculate; pedicels slender, 8-20 mm. long; calyx 6-8 mm. long; petals obovate, 10-15 mm. long; pods linear, flat, slightly curved, 7-10 cm. long, 4-8 mm. wide, the seeds transverse. Scrub-lands, coppices, thiclvets and pine-lands. Berry Islands, Andros. New Providence, Exuma Chain, Long Island, Great Ragged Island, Eleuthera. Cat Island, Little San Salvador, Watling's Rum Cay, Crool Colombia. Common Pencil-flower. 2. Stylosanthes viscosa Sw. Prodr. 108. 1788. Viscid-pubescent, usually much-branched, 1.5-3 dm. high the branches spreading or ascending. Stipules adnate to the petioles, their tips free, subu- late; leaflets elliptic or oblong-elliptic, pubescent and ciliate, pinnately veined, acute and mucronate; flowers few^, in short dense bracted spikes, the bracts villous and ciliate; loment 1-2-jointed, tipped by the hooked style-base. Scrub-lands, New Providence : — Cuba ; Jamaica. Viscid Pencil-flower. 10. MEIBOMIA Heist.; Fabr. Enum. PI. Ilort. Ilelmst. 168. 1759. Perennial herbs, sometimes woody at the base, with stipellate 3-foliolate or in some species 1- or 5-foliolate leaves, and usually small flowers in racemes or panicles. Calyx-tube short, its teeth more or less united into 2 lips, the upper one 2-toothed, the lower teeth acute or attenuate. Standard oblong, ovate or orbicular, narrowed or rarely clawed at the base; wings obliquely oblong; 184 FABACEAE. keel nearly straight, obtuse. Stamens monadel]3lious or diadelphous (9 and 1) ; anthers all alike. Ovules 2-oo. Loment flat, 2-several-jointed, the joints mainly coriaceous and pubescent or muricate, indehiscent or rarely partially dehiscent, readily separable. [Named for Dr. Brandus Meibom; died at Helmstadt, 1740.] About 160 species, natives of warm and temperate regions. Type species: Hedysarum canadense L. Upper suture of the loment straight or nearly so. 1. M. supina. Both sutures of the loment undulate. Loment several-jointed, moniliform. 2. M. tortuosa. Loment 2-jointed ; upper joint much larger than the lower. 3. M. mollis. 1. Meibomia supina (Sw.) Britton, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 7: 83. 1892. Hedysarum supinnm Sw. Prodr. 106. 1788. Hedysarum incanum Sw. Prodr. 107. 1788. Desmodium incanum DC. Prodr. 2: 332. 1825. Stems erect or ascending, somewhat woody, 3-9 dm. high, puberulent or short-pubescent. Stipules lanceolate, acuminate, connate below, or at length distinct, mostly shorter than the petioles; leaflets 3 or often only 1, various in form, mostly elliptic, but also lanceolate, obovate, nearly linear, or orbicular, sometimes several forms on the same plant, glabrous or nearly so and dark green above, finely pubescent and pale beneath, 2-7.5 cm. long; stipels subu- late; racemes 2-8 cm. long; bracts linear-lanceolate, pubescent, shorter than the pedicels, deciduous; pedicels 6-12 mm. long; calyx small, about 3 mm. long, its teeth ovate-lanceolate, acute; corolla purple or purplish, 2-3 times as long as the calyx; loment 3-8-jointed, 3 cm. long or less, its upper suture continuous, the lower margin deeply undulate, the oblong joints densely pubescent. Dry or moist places in scrub, coppices, pine-lands, waste or cultivated lands, throughout the archipelago from Abaco and Great Bahama to Andros, Watling's, Crooked Island and East Caicos :— Florida ; West Indies : continental tropical Amer- ica ; tropical Africa. Recorded by Schoepf as Hedysarum cancscens. Common TiCK-TEEFOIL. 2. Meibomia tortuosa (Sw.) Kuntze, Eev. Gen. PI. 198. 1891. Hedysarum tortuosum Sw. Prodr. 107. 1788. Desmodium tortuosum DC. Prodr. 2: 332. 1825. Erect, branched, 1.5 m. high or less, the stem and branches finely and rather densely pubescent, striate. Stipules lanceolate, acuminate, half-cordate at base, 6-15 mm. long; leaflets 3, ovate to oblong or elliptic, 2-10 cm. long, sparingly pubescent with appressed hairs, or glabrous above, mostly obtuse at the apex and narrowed at the base, as long as the petioles or longer; stipels subulate; racemes simple, or sparingly branched, 1.5-3 dm. long; pedicels filiform, 1-2 cm. long; bracts narrowly lanceolate, 2-3 times as long as the calyx, deciduous; calyx about 2 mm. long, its teeth subulate; corolla blue to purple, about 5 mm. long; loment nearly sessile, at first much twisted, at length flat, 3-6- jointed, both margins deeply undulate, the oval-orbicular joints 4-5 mm. long. Waste places and roadsides. New Providence and Eleuthera : — Florida : Texas : .Jamaica ; Cuba to Tortola and Grenada ; continental tropical America. Twisted TiCK-TEEFOIL. 3. Meibomia mollis (A^ahl) Kuntze, Eev. Gen. PI. 198. 1891. Hedysarum. molle Vahl, Symb. 2: 83. 1791. Desmodium molle DC. Prodr. 2: 332. 1825. Stem erect, rather stout, branched, 2 m. high or less, softly pubescent. Stipules triangular-subulate, 2-6 mm. long; leaflets 3, rarely only 1, ovate, 2-10 FABACEAE. 185 cm. long, acute or acutish at the apex, obtuse at the baf^-e, pubescent on both sides, as long as the pubescent petioles or shorter; stipels subulate; racemes 1-2 dm. long, commonly branched; pedicels filiform, 3-8 mm. long; bracts ovate, about 1 mm. long, deciduous; calyx 2.5-3 mm. long, its teeth linear- lanceolate; corolla blue, little longer than the calyx; loment nearly sessile, 2- jointed, the louver joint small, twisted, the upper one elliptic or subreniform, 6-8 mm. long, finely reticulate-veined, sparingly pubescent or glabrate. Waste places, Andros, Fortune Island. Acklin's Island : — Cuba to Virgin Gorda and Martinique; Curagao ; continental tropical America. Recorded from Jamaica. Velvety Tick-trefoil. 11. ALYSICARPUS Neck.; DC. Prodr. 2: 352. 1825. Herbs, our species with 1-foliolate leaves and small purplish or blue flowers in short terminal racemes, the scarious bracts deciduous. Calyx narrow, deeply cleft, the lobes lanceolate, acuminate, chartaceous, striate, the two upper ones partly united. Standard suborbicular, clawed; wings obliquely oblong, adnate to the blunt incurved keel. Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1). Ovary nearly sessile, several-ovuled ; style filiform, its apex incurved; stigma terminal, capitate. Loment nearly terete, several-jointed, the joints indehiscent. [Greek, chain-fruit.] About 16 species, natives of the Old World tropics. Type species: Alijsicarpus 'bupleurifolius (L.) DC. 1. Alysicarpus nummularifolius (L.) DC. Prodr. 2: 353. 1825. Hedysarum nummulari folium L. Sp. PI. 746. 1753. Alysicarpus vaginalis DC. Prodr. 2: 353. 1825. Perennial, branched at the base, the branches slender, diffuse, glabrous or nearly so, spreading or ascending, 5 cm.-6 dm. long. Stipules scarious, striate, lanceolate, acuminate, 4-6 mm. long; petioles very slender, 1 cm, long or less; leaves glabrous, or sparingly pubescent, the lower orbicular to oval, 5-12 mm. long, the upper oblong to 'lanceolate, 1-3.5 em. long; racemes 1-3 cm. long; pedicels very short, pubescent; calyx 4-5 mm. long; corolla little longer than the calyx; loment 1-2 cm. long, its puberulent or glabrous joints truncati-. slightly wrinkled. Waste places, New Providence, near Nassau : — West Indies. Native of soutliorn Asia. False Moneywort. 12. ECASTAPHYLLUM [P. Br.] Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 320. 1763. Woody vines, or widely branching shrubs, with alternate, 1-foliolate or un- evenly pinnate leaves, the leaflets estipellate, and small white bracted flowers mostly in axillary clusters. Calyx subcampanulate, its 2 upper teeth broad. Standard broadly ovate or suborbicular; wings oblong; keel blunt, incurved, its petals connate on the back near the apex. Stamens all united into a cleft sheath, or the upper one separate or wanting; anthers erect, their sacs dehis- cent by terminal slits. Ovary 2-ovuled, stipitate; st3'le nearly straight; stigma terminal. Pod nearly orbicular to short-elliptic, nearly flat, 1-seeded, sub- ligneous, indehiscent. [Greek, referring to the unifoliolate leaves of the fol- lowing typical species.] Five or six species, natives of tropical and sub- tropical America. 13 186 FAB ACE AE 1, Ecastaphyllum Ecastaphyllum (L.) Britton, Mem. Brooklyn Bot. Gard. 1: 55. 1918. Hedysarum Ecastaphyllum L. Syst. eel. 10, 1169. 1759. Ecastaphyllum Brownei Pers. Syn. 2: 277. 1807. Hecastophyllum Broumei Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I. 202. 1860. Dalbergia Ecastophyllum Taubert in Engl. & Prantl. Nat. Pfl. 3^: 335. 1894. Dalbergia Brownei Sehinz, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 6: 731. 1898. A widely branched, spreading or vine-like shrub 2-4 m. high, rarely tree- like and described as sometimes reaching a height of 8 m., the branches elon- gated, the young twigs finely pubescent. Stipules lanceolate, silky-pubescent, acuminate, about 1 cm. long ; leaves 1-f oliolate ; petioles stout, pubescent, 5-12 mm. long; petiolule 2-3 mm. long; leaflet ovate, 6-12 cm. long, rounded or subcordate at the base, short-acuminate at the apex, glabrous or nearly so above, finely and densely pubescent beneath, at least when young; panicles axillary, pubescent, usually little longer than the petioles; pedicels 2-4 mm. long; calyx pubescent, about 5 mm, long; corolla about 1 cm. long; stamens 10, diadelphous; pod suborbicular to broadly oval, 1.5-3 cm. long, finely pubescent. Borders of coppices and coastal thickets, Abaco, Great Bahama, North Bimini, Andros, New Providence, Watling's and Crooked Island : — Florida ; Cuba to Virgin Gorda and to Trinidad ; .Jamaica ; continental tropical America ; coast of tropical Africa. Ti-ti. Catesby, 2 : pi. 2li. 13. ICHTHYOMETHIA P. Br. Hist. Jam. 296. 1756. Trees, with unevenly pinnate leaves, the short-stalked leaflets large, oppo- site, estipellate, the pink to purplish, rather large flowers in lateral panicles, often appearing before the leaves. Calyx obliquely campanulate, 5-toothed, the 2 upper teeth connate. Standard suborbicular; wings oblong, somewhat falcate, adherent -to the keel ; keel obtuse, its petals coherent on the back. Stamens monadelphous, but the upper one free at the base; anthers versatile. Ovary many-ovuled; style filiform, incurved; stigma terminal, small. Pod linear, flattened, indehiscent, with 4 broad membranous wings, several-many-seeded. [Greek, fish-killing.] A few species of tropical and subtropical America, the following typical. 1. Ichthyomethia Piscipula (L.) Hitchcock, Gard. & For. 4: 472. 1891. Erythrina Piscipula L. Sp. PI. 707. 1753. Piscidia Erythrina L. Syst. ed. 10, 1155. 1759. A tree, usually low, rarely 20 m. high, the twigs finely puberulent. Leaves 2-3 dm. long; leaflets 5-9 (rarely 3), elliptic, oblong, or the lower pair ovate, 4-12 cm. long, obtuse or aeutish at the apex, rounded at the base, glabrous above, at least when mature, finely pubescent beneath; panicles many-flowered, as long as the leaves or shorter ; ultimate pedicels short, puberulent ; calyx about 6 mm. long, its teeth triangular-ovate; corolla silky, about 1.5 cm. long; pod 5-15 cm. long, its wings 7-12 mm. wide, lacerate, transversely veined; seeds black. Coastal thickets and scrub-lands. Great Bahama. Lignum Vitae Cav. Andros, Mangrove Cay, New Providence. Eleuthera. Cat Island, Watling's. Acklin's and An- guilla Isles : — Florida : West Indies ; continental tropical America. Fish-poison. Dogwood. Consists of several races differing mostly in pubescence and in form of the leaflets. FABACEAE. 187 14. ABRUS L. Syst. ed. 12, 2: 472. 1767. Slender, somewhat woody vines, with evenly pinnate leaves, the numerous small estipellate leaflets entire, the rachis terminating in a small bristle, the small rose to white flowers clustered at the nodes of axillary or terminal racemes. Calyx subtruucate, its teeth very short. Standard ovate, with a broad and short claw; wings oblong, falcate; keel curved, larger than the wings. Stamens 9, monadelphous. Ovary nearly se?sile, several-many-ovuled; style short, curved; stigma terminal. Pod flat, 2-valved, partitioned between the sub- globose, shining seeds. [Greek, graceful.] Five known species, of tropical regions, the following typical. 1. Abrus Abrus (L.) W. F. Wight, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 9: 171. 19J5. Glycine Ahrus L. Sp. PI. 753. 1753. Ahrus precatorius L. Syst. ed. 12, 2: 472. 1767. Stems woody below, nearly herbaceous above, climbing or twining to a length of 2-3 m., glabrous, or the young parts sparingly pubescent. Stipules linear, acute, 3-5 mm. long; petioles short, mostly less than 1 cm. long; leaves 5-10 cm. long, the very slender rachis sparingly pubescent; leaflets 8-15 pairs, 8-20 mm. long, oblong or the upper ones obovate, glabrous above, sparingly puberulent beneath, rounded and mucronulate at the apex, rounded at the bas-e, very short-stalked, readily detached when dry; racemes peduncled, 3-8 cm. long; corolla red to purple, rarely white, 8-10 mm. long; ponnis. Leaflets small, oblanceolate to obovate or oval, 1-4 cm. long. Inflorescence longer than the leaves ; leaves glab- rous or nearly so. 4. G. huhtnimtsia. Inflorescence not exceeding the leaves ; leaves densely appressed-pubescent. 3. G. ton flora. 1. Galactia rudolphioides (Griseb.) Benth. & ITook.; Sauv. Anales Acad. Habana 5: 337. 1869. Dioclea rudolphioides Griseb. Mem. Am. Acad. TI. 8: 178. 1S60. Slender, twining or trailing, woody below, 1-3 m. long, glabrous or sparingly appressed-pubescent. Petioles 2-5 cm. long; stipules triangular or lanceolate, about 2 mm. long; leaflets 3, oblong, oblong-lanceolate or ovate- oblong, 2-4 cm. long, obtuse, acutish or emarginate at the apex, roundel or narrowed at the base, glabrous on both sides, rcvolute-margined. the short petiolules villous; racemes slender-peduncled, longer than the leaves: bracts linear-subulate, 1-2 mm. long; bractlets ovate or lanceolate. a.nt.>. about 1.5 190 FAB ACE AE. mm. long; pedicels pubescent, 2-6 mm. long; calyx about 1.3 cm. long, ap- pressed-pubescent ; corolla red or the standard violet, nearly 2 em. long; standard obovate, parallel with the wings; pod 3-5 cm. long, 7-9 mm. wide, densely villous, several-seeded. Scrub and pine-lands and in coppices, from Abaco and Great Bahama to Andros, New Providence. Eleuthera, Cat Island. Watling's, and Exuma Chain to Fortune and Crooked Islands : — Cuba. Recorded by Dolley as O. pendula Persoon. Red Milk-pea. Catesby, 2 : pi. 28. 2. Galactia monophylla Griseb. Cat. PI. Cub. 75. 1866. Slender, herbaceous, appressed-pubescent with short hairs, 8 dm. long or less, twining or trailing. Stipules narrowly lanceolate or subulate, 1-3 mm. long; petioles slender, 5-15 mm. long; leaflet only 1, oblong to ovate, 1-3 cm. long, thin in texture, rounded or emarginate at the apex, rounded or subcordate at the base, glabrous or sparingly pubescent above, appressed-pubescent beneath, the petiolule about 1 mm. long; inflorescence 1-few-flowered, not longer than the leaf; pedicels 2-3 mm. long; calyx sparingly pilose, about 6 mm. long, its lanceolate teeth longer than the tube ; corolla purplish, about 1 cm. long, the standard obovate, erect; pod 3-5 cm. long, about 5 mm. wade, appressed-pilose. Pine-lands, Great Bahama at Barnett's Point : — Cuba. Slender Milk -pea. 3. Galactia spiciformis T. & G. Fl. N. A. 1: 288. 1838. Slender, herbaceous, twining, densely pubescent or glabrate, 2 m. long or less. Petioles 1-7 cm. long; stipules subulate, 2-4 mm. long; leaflets 3, ovate to elliptic or elliptic-obovate, chartaceons or subcoriaceous, 4-7 cm. long, gla- brous or nearly so above, appressed-pubescent or velvety beneath, obtuse or acute at the apex, obtuse or rounded at the base; inflorescence usually as long as the leaves or longer, several-many-flowered, sessile or peduneled ; pedicels 1-2 mm. long; calyx pubescent, about 6 mm. long, its lanceolate teeth 2-3 times as long as the tube; corolla purplish, pink or nearly white, about 11 mm. long, the broadly obovate standard erect; pod 4-7 cm. long, 6-10 mm. wide, often somewhat curved, more or less pubescent. Rocky and sandy scrub-lands and coppices, throughout the islands from Abaco and Great Bahama to Andros. New Providence, Eleuthera, Watling's. and the Exuma Chain to Great Ragged Island and the Anguilla Isles : — ^Florida ; Cuba. Referred by Mrs. Northrop to G. cuhensis H.B.K. ; recorded by Dolley as G. fill- formis Bth. The Tennniuis uncinatus referred to by Hitchcock, proves to be this plant. Spiciform Milk-pea. 4. Galactia bahamensis Urban, Symb. Ant. 2: 331. 1900. Very slender, twining, somewhat woody, glabrate or reddish puberulent, 5-8 dm. long. Stipules linear-subulate, 1-2 mm. long, deciduous; petioles very slender, 0.5-2.5 cm. long; leaflets 3, chartaceous, nearly equally short-petioluled, oval to elliptic or obovate, 1-2.5 cm. long, rounded or emarginate at the ap€X, narrowed, rounded or the terminal one cuneate at the base, glabrous and reticulate-veined on both sides, or sparingly pubescent beneath; inflorescence mostly longer than the lea res, several-flowered; pedicels 2-7 cm. long; calyx pubescent, 6-8 mm. long, its lanceolate lobes longer than the tube; corolla about 1 cm. long, rose-purple, the nearly orbicular standard erect; pod 3-5 cm. long, 7-10 mm. wide, appressed-pubescent. Scrub-lands and thickets, Rum Cay, Conception Island, Watling's, Crooked, Acklin's, Fortune. Grand Turk and Inagua : — Endemic. Recorded by Hitchcock as Galactia galactioides (Griseb.) Hitchc. Bahama Milk-pea. 5. Galactia uniflora Urban, Symb. Ant. 2: 325. 1900. •Slender, twining, somewhat woody below, densely whitish pubescent, some- times 1 m. long. Stipules narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, about 2 mm. long; FABACEAE. 191 petioles slender, pubescent, 5-17 mm. long; leaflets 3, chartaceous, 1-4 cm. long, narrowly oblong to oblong-obovate, reticulate-veined, roumled or emarginate at the apex, narrowed at the base, sparingly pubescent or glabrous above, densely appressed-pubescent beneath, the terminal one with a petiolule 2-5 mm. long, the lateral ones nearly sessile; inflorescence 1-2-flowered, shorter than the leaves; pedicels 2-4 mm. long; calyx about 6 mm. long, its teeth longer than the tube; corolla pink; standard obovate, 9-10 mm. long, short-claweii ; pod linear, 3-4 em. long, 4-5 mm. wide, densely pubescent. Scrub-lands, New Providence. Eleuthera, Caicos. Grand Turk and Inajjua : — Endemic. Recorded by Hitchcock as Galactia anfjustifoIUi Ktli. and as Galactia ten 11 iff om (Willd.) W. & A. Oxe-flowered Milk-pEuV. 19. CANAVAIil Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 325. 1763. Perennial herbs, with prostrate or twining stems. Leaves pinnately 3- foliolate; leaflets chartaceous or thick. Flowers large, in axillary peduncled racemes. Calyx 2-lipped, the upper lip truncate or 2-lobed, the lower one entire or 3-lobed. Standard reflexed, suborbieular; wings curved or twisted; keel- petals incurved, broader than the wings, obtuse or with an inflexed or spiral beak. Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1) or monadelphous to the middle. Style glabrous, incurved. Ovules several. Pod flat or slightly swollen, oblong or broadly linear, 2-valved. Seeds white, red or brown. [Aboriginal name in the South Sea Islands.] About 15 species, natives of tropical regions. Type species: DoJiclws ensiformis L. Leaflets fleshy, obtuse. 1. C. lineata. Leaflets chartaceous, acute or acutish. Leaflets ovate. 8-15 cm. long. 2. C. f/ladiata. Leaflets oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 4-7 cm. long. 3. C. huhamvnsis. 1. Canavali lineata (Thunb.) DC. Prodr. 2: 404. 1825. DoUchos lineatus Thunb. Fl. Jap. 280. 1784. Dolichos ohtnsifolius Lam. Encyc. 2: 295. 1786. Canavalia ohtusifolia DC. Prodr. 2: 404. 1825. Foliage finely strigillose. Stems prostrate or climbing, 1-5 m. long, branch- ing; leaflets leathery, suborbieular to oval or obovate, 4-10 cm. long, obtuse at the apex, rounded or broadly cuneate at the base ; racemes surpassing the s-ubtending leaves; peduncles often longer than the racemes; pedicels spur-like; calyx helmet-like, 14-17 mm. long, constricted at the base; corolla pink; pods broadly linear, 10-12 cm. long; seeds oblong, brown. Coastal sands, rocks and thickets, throughout the islands from Abaco and Great Bahama to Watling's. Inagua and the Anguilla Isles : — Bermuda : Florida to Texas, Mexico and continental tropical South America ; West Indies ; Old World tropics. Bay-bean. HoRSErBEAN. 2. Canavali gladiata (Savi) DC. Prodr. 2: 404. 1825. Maloccliia gladiata Savi, Nuov. Giorn. Pisa 8: 116. 1824. Climbing or trailing, sometimes 10 m. long or longer, glabrous, or when young finely pubescent. Leaflets thin, ovate or oblong-ovate, 5-12 cm. long, acute or short-acuminate at the apex, obtuse at the base; racemes several- many-flowered, mostly longer than the leaves; pedicels short, thick, 5 mm. long or less; calyx 1-1.5 cm. long; corolla white to purple, longer than the calyx; pod broadly linear, flat, 1-2.5 dm. long, about 2 cm. wide; seeds oblong. Waste places spontaneous after cultivation. New rrovidence, and Inagua : — native of the East Indies, spontaneous after cultivation in tropical America. -\ specimen from Nassau referred to this by Hitchcock proves to be DoUchos Lablub L. Horse-bean. 192 FABACEAE. 3. Canavali bahamensis Britton, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 119. 1905. A long vine. Leaflets thin, oblong-lanceolate to ovate-oblong, 5-8 cm. long, firm, glabrous, faintly veined, narrowed or obtuse at the base but not cordate, the apex bluntly acute; racemes stout-peduncled, slightly pubescent, longer than the leaves, nodose, pendent, 5-8 cm. long; pedicels curved, erect, 2-4 mm. long; bractlets at base of calyx orbicular, 1 mm. broad, lacerate ; calyx very oblique, 6-8 mm. long, with one small acute tooth opposite the keel-petals, the much larger upper lip with three short broad teeth; corolla about twice as long as the calyx, the standard purple, the wings and strongly curved keel pink; legume linear-oblong, compressed, about 12 cm. long, 3 cm. wide, 1-1.5 cm. thick, short-pointed, narrowed at the base, not constricted, the stout stipe 1-2 cm. long, the valves rather membranous; seeds oval, 1.5 cm. long, 1 cm. thick, red- brown, shining. Climbing over coastal shrubs, and in coppices, Abaco, Andros and Eleuthera : — Endemic. Bahama Bax-beax. 20. CAJAN Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 326. 1763. * A perennial stiff, slightly woody herb, finely puberulent or pubescent, with pinnately 3-foliolate leaves, and showy yellow flowers in stalked axillary racemes. Calyx narrowly campanulate, its lobes acute, the 2 upper ones partly united. Standard nearly orbicular, reflexed; wings obliquely obovate; keel with a blunt incurved tip. Ovary many-ovuled; style thickened above; stigma oblique. Pod linear, flattened, acute and long-tipped, its valves impressed be- tween the seeds. [From the Malayan name.] A monotypic genus. 1. Cajan Cajan (L.) Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 53. 1900. Cytisus Cajan L. Sp. PI. 739. 1753. Cajanus indicns Spr. Syst. 3: 248. 1826. Bushy, branched, 2 m. high or less. Leaves petioled; leaflets oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 2.5-8 cm. long, acute at both ends or obtuse at the base, velvety on both sides, dark green above, pale beneath; racemes few-flowered, as long as the leaves or longer; pedicels, rachis and calyx brown-pubescent; flowers 12-16 mm. broad; pods 5-8 cm. long, 10-12 mm. wide, 4-7-seeded; seeds whitish, somewhat flattened, about 4 mm. thick. Waste and cultivated soils, spontaneous after cultivation, throughout the islands from Andros and New Providence to Mariguana : — Native of the Old World tropics ; widely spontaneous in all American tropical regions. Pigeox Pea. 21. DOIilCHOLUS Medic. Vorles. Chur. Phys. Ges. 2: 354. 1787. [Rhtnchosia Lour.] Perennial twining trailing or erect herbs, with pinnately 1-3-foliolate leaves, and yellow, mostly axillary and racemose flowers. Leaflets generally punctate with resinous dots, not stipellate. Calyx 4-5-lobed, somewhat 2-lipped; standard obovate or orbicular, spreading or reflexed; wings narrow; keel in- curved at the apex or falcate; stamens diadelphous (9 and 1). Ovary nearly sessile ; ovules 2, rarely 1 ; style filiform. Pod flat, oblong or obliquely orbicular, 2-valved, 1-2-seeded, [Greek, diminutive of Doliclios.] About 200 species, natives of warm and temperate regions. Type species: Doliclios minimus L. Leaves prominently reticulate-A-eined beneath : long vine. 1. D. reticulafus. Leaves not prominently reticulate-veined ; small vines. Leaflets acuminate; pods 3-4 cm. long; seeds red. 2. D- Su-art.~ii. Leaflets obtuse or acutish ; pods 1-2 cm. long ; seeds olive. 3. D. minimus. FABACEAE. 193 1. Dolicholus reticulatus (Sw.) Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 53. 1900. Glycine reticulata Sw. Prodr. 105. 1788. Bhynchosia reticulata DC. Prodr. 2: 385. 1825. A pubescent or tomentose twining or trailing vine often 5 m. long. Leaves petioled, 3-foliolate; leaflets ovate to ovate-lanceolate or ovate-elliptic, 5-lU cm. long, reticulate-veined, acuminate, acute or obtvse at the apex, obtuse or rounded at the base, the terminal one long-stalked, the lateral ones nearly sessile; racemes several-many-flowered, shorter than the leaves; pedicels very short; calyx 7-12 mm. long, deeply 4-cleft, the lobes lanceolate, acuminate; corolla yellow, a little longer than the calyx-lobes; pod flat, lunate, 2-2.5 cm. long, G-9 mm. wide ; seeds nearly black. Scrub-lands, Watling's Island between Graham's Harbor and Cockburn Town : — Cuba to Virgin Gorda and Grenada ; continental tropical America. Net-veined Dolicholus. Leaflets less densely reticulate-veined than in plants from some other West Indian islands, the apex obtuse. 2. Dolicholus Swartzii Vail, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 108. 1899. Bhynchosia Gundlachii Urban, Symb. Ant. 5: 374. 1908. Bhynchosia caribaea Chapm. Fl. S. U. S. 10-4. 1860. Not Glycine caribaea Jacq. 1786. A pubescent, resinous-dotted, somewhat woody, trailing or twining vine 0.5-1.5 m. long, the stems slender, little branched except at the base. Stipules narrowly lanceolate, about 4 mm. long, deciduous; petioles 1-3 cm. long; leaflets 3, rhombic-ovate, membranous, acuminate at the apex; obtuse or sub- truncate at the base, pubescent on both sides; the terminal one slender-stalked, 4-6 cm. long, the lateral ones short-stalked, smaller, inequilateral ; racemes few- flowered, mostly shorter than the petioles or little longer; pedicels 2-4 mm. long; calyx about 3 mm. long, its lobes shorter than the tube; corolla yellow, the standard obovate, about 8 mm. long; pod falcate, 2-4 cm. long, 5-7 mm. wide, acute, pubescent; seeds red, 5-6 mm. long. Coppices. Great Bahama, New Providence, Cat Island. Crooked Island : — Flor- ida ; Cuba. Swaetz's Dolicholus. Boxaney-beax. 3. Dolicholus minimus (L.) Medic. Vorles. Chur. Phys. Ges. 2: 354. 17S7. DoUchos minimus L. Sp. PI. 726. 1753. Bhynchosia minima DC. Prodr. 2: 385. 1825. A slender, puberulent or pubescent, resinous-dotted, more or less branched vine, 3-12 dm. long, trailing or twining. Stipules subulate, about 2 mm. long, caducous; petioles very slender, 1-4 em. long; leaflets 3, rhombic-ovate or rhombic-orbicular, obtuse or acute at the apex, obtuse at the base, the terminal one slender-stalked, 1-3 em. long, the lateral ones short-stalked, smaller or as large, inequilateral; racemes slender, several-flowered, mostly as long as the leaves or longer; pedicels very short; calyx 2-3 mm. long, its lobes lanceolate- subulate; corolla yellow; standard orbicular-obovate, retuse, 5-6 mm. long; pods falcate, 10-17 mm. long, about 4 mm. wide, puberulent; seeds brown, mottled. Waste grounds and pine-lands. Alnico. Andros. New Providciico. KitMitlifra. ("at Island, Acklin's Island. Fortune Island. North Caicos and Inngua : — South Carolina to Florida and Texas: throughout tiie West Indies and tropical and warm tem- perate continental America ; Old World tropics. S.mall Dolicholus. 22. PHASEOLUS L. Sp. PI. 723. 1753. Vines, rarely erect herbs, with pinnately 3-foliolate leaves, and axillary racemose flowers. Calyx 5-tootlied or 5-lobed, or the 2 upper teeth more or less united. Standard orbicular, recurved, spreading or somewhat contorted ; wings 194 FABACEAE. mainly obovate ; keel spirally coiled, linear or obovoid. Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1). Style longitudinally bearded; stigma oblique or lateral; ovary sessile or nearly so; ovules oo. Pod various, 2-valved, several-seeded, tipped with tlie persistent style. Seeds mostly with rounded ends. Rachis thickened at the bases of the pedicels. [Ancient name of the Kidney bean.] About 170 species, of warm and temperate regions. Type species: Phaseolus vulgaris L. Erect ; herbaceous ; flowers red or purple. 1. P. lathi/roides. Climbing vine ; flowers white. 2. P. lunatus. 1. Phaseolus lathyroides L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1018. 1763. Fhaseolus semierectus L. Mant. 1: 100. 1767. Herbaceous, erect, simple or somewhat branched, silky pubescent or gla- brate, 3-6 dm. high. Stipules narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, 1.5 cm. long or less; petioles slender; leaflets various, membranous, ovate to lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 2-6 cm. long, acute, obtuse or acuminate at the apex, acute or obtuse at the base; racemes elongated, several-many-flowered, 1-3 dm. long in fruit ; pedicels very short ; calyx 4-5 mm. long, its upper teeth ovate, the lower lanceolate, acuminate; corolla red or purple; standard 12-15 mm. long; pods narrowly linear, straight or a little curved, reflexed-spreading, 7-12 cm. long, about 3 mm. thick. Waste places and moist soils in open places. Andros, New Providence, Acklin's, East Caicos and Inagua : — West Indies ; continental tropical America ; Old World tropics. Wild Bush Beax. 2. Phaseolus lunatus L. Sp. PI. 724. 1753. A usually annual, herbaceous, sparingly pubescent vine up to 3 m. long or longer, twining or trailing. Leaves 3-foliolate, petioled ; leaflets ovate, ovate- lanceolate or rhombic-ovate, thin in texture, 4-7 cm. long, aciite at the apex, obtuse or subtruncate at the base, the terminal one long-stalked, equilateral, the others short-stalked, inequilateral; racemes peduncled, about as long as the leaves, sometimes longer, several-many-flowerc d ; pedicels slender, mostly less than 1 cm. long; calyx about 3 mm. long, its teeth short, ovate; bractlets ob- long, about one-half as long as the calyx; corolla greenish white, the standard about 7 mm. broad; pod flat, subfalcate, 3-7 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. wide (larger in cultivated races) ; seeds oblong or subquadrate, flattened. In a coppice near Staniard Creek, Andros, spontaneous after cultivation : — West Indies ; continental tropical America. Lima Bean. 23. DOLICHOS L. Sp. PL 725. 1753. Climbing or trailing vines, with 3-foliolate stipellate leaves, and white to purple flowers variously clustered or sometimes solitary, their bracts small or caducous. Calyx campanulate, its two upper teeth united. Standard suborbic- ular; wings obovate, curved, adnate to the incurved keel. Stamens 9 and 1, their anthers all alike. Ovary several-many-ovuled ; style bearded or penicil- late below the terminal stigma. Pod flat, mostly somewhat curved, beaked. Seeds subglobose or flattened. [Greek name of some bean, referring to its long pods.] About 30 species, of tropical distribution. Type species: BoUchos Lablab L. Pods serrulate on the margins ; seeds somewhat compressed ; style not penicil- late. 1. />. Lahhih. Pods entire on the margins ; seeds globular ; style penicillate. 2. D. insiihiris. FABACEAE. 195 1. Dolichos Lablab L. Sp. PL 725. 1753. Sparingly pubescent, climbing or trailing, 5 m. long or less. Leaves long- petioled. Leaflets ovate, acute or acuminate, 4-10 cm. long, the terminal one equilateral and long-stalked, the others inequilateral and short-stalked ; racemes axillary, several-flowered, longer than the leaves; flowers short-pedicelled, 1.5- 2 cm. broad, white to purple; pods about 7.5 cm. long, nearly 2.5 cm. wide, the upper edge nearly straight, the lower curved and glandular-serrulate; seeds somewhat compressed, black with a white linear strophiole, about 1 cm. long. Spontaneous after cultivation. New I'rovidence and Eleutliera. Native of the Old World tropics. Widely planted and spontaneous in tropical America. Black BEA^^ 2. Dolichos insularis Britton sp. no v. Nearly glabrous, climbing or trailing, up to 7 m. long or longer. Leaflets ovate, thin, 4-7 cm. long, acate, obtuse or acuminate, sparingly pubescent near the base beneath, the terminal one equilateral, rather long-stalked, the lateral ones inequilateral, short-stalked; racemes axillary, thyrsoiil, many-flowered, stout-peduncled, longer than the leaves; pedicels pubescent, 4-6 mm. long; bractlets obtuse, 2 mm. long; calyx unequally 5-lobed, about 7 mm. long, the lobes rounded; corolla purplish; standard wider than long, about 1 cm. long, nearly sessile, emarginate ; wings ovate, obtuse, stalked, about 11 mm. long, keel obliquely curved, stalked, acuminate, about 9 mm. long; ovary puberulent; style penicillate; pods elliptic-obovate, 2-3-seeded, compressed, 5-7 cm. long, about 3 cm. wide, rather stout-beaked, the valves yellowish puberulent, entire-margined; seed globular, about 1 cm. in diameter, black, with a white linear strophiole. Old field, Great Cistern, Abaco : — Cuba : Mexico. Type from Cayo Ballenato Grande, Cuba {SJiafer 1026) . Island Beax. 24. VIGNA Savi, Mem. Phas. 3: 7. 1826. Herbaceous vines, or sometimes erect herbs, with pinnately 3-foliolate stipulate leaves, the leaflets broad. Flowers clustered at the ends of long axillary peduncles, yellowish or purplish, the rachis of the head or raceme knotty, the bracts and bractlets early deciduous. Calyx 5-toothed, or the 2 upper teeth united. Standard nearly orbicular, auricled at the base; wings shorter than the standard; keel about equalling the standard, slightly incurved. Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1). Ovary sessile; ovules numerous; style bearded along the inner side; stigma oblique. Pod linear, nearly terete, 2-valved. [In honor of Domenico A^igna, a commentator on Theophrastus.] About 30 species, natives of warm and tropical regions. Type species: Dolichos Juieohis Jacq. 1. Vigna repens (L.) Kuntze, Eev. Gen. PI. '212. 1891. DolicJios repens L. Syst. ed. 10: 1163. 1759. Dolichos luteolus Jacq. Hort. Yind. 1: 39. 1770. Vigna luteola Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15i : 194. 1859. Foliage usually pubescent with appressed hairs. Stems trailing or climb- ing, branching, when pubescent the hairs reflexed ; leaflets 3, ovate to lanceolate or linear, 2-8 cm. long, acute, more or less distinctly reticulated, short-stalked; petioles usually longer than the leaflets; peduncles surpassing the leaves, retrorsely pubescent at the lop; pedicels 1-3 mm. long, corymbose; calyx cam- panulate, oblique, its lobes triangular to lanceolate ; corolla yellowish brown ; standard nearly reniform, notched, less than 2 cm. long; pods linear, 4-5 mm. long, nearly terete, pubescent. Moist roadsides. Abaco and Andros : — Bermuda : Florida to Texas : Mexico to Panama and throughout South America to Argentina ; West Indies ; Old World tropics. Yellow Vigxa. 196 FABACEAE. Brya Ehcnus (L.) DC. referred to by Dolley has not been returned from the islands by any of our expeditions. It is native of Jamaica and Cuba. The record probably applies to Peru hiimellaefolia, locally called Black Ebony. Erythrina corallodendron L. Recorded for the Bahamas by Catesby, by Dollev and by Mrs. Northrop is known to us only as planted on New Providence. Catesby, 2: pi. 49. Erythrina velutina Wilkl. was observed planted at West End, Great Bahama. Foliage of a species of Lonchocarpus was collected from a tree growing near an old house at Deep Creek, Andros. Order 13. GERANIALES. Herbs, shrubs or trees, usually with petals, and these separate (wanting in most Enphorbiaceae, and in some species of Zanthoxylum in Rutaceae) ; sepals mostly distinct ; stamens few, rarely more than tAvice as many as the sepals, opposite them when as many ; ovary superior, mostly compound ; ovules pendulous, the rai3he toward the axis of the ovary. Petals present, usually as many as the sepals. Flowers regular or very nearly so. Tissues of the plant devoid of secreting cells or glands. Filaments united below or at the base. Stamens twice as many as the sepals. Petals unappendaged ; leaves com pound. Petals appendaged : leaves simple. Stamens as many as the sepals. Filaments separate. Styles united : leaves mostly compound. Styles separate ; leaves simple. Tissues of the plant with secreting cells or glands. Leaves punctate. Leaves not punctate. Carpels separate. Carpels united. Filaments separate. Trees or shrubs with bitter, oil- bearing bark. Resiniferous trees and shrubs. Filaments united. Flowers very irregular ; petals 3 ; stamens mostly 8. Flowers often apetalous, monoecious ; carpels most- ly 3. Family 1. OXALIDACEAE Lindl. Wood-sorrel Family. Leafy-stemmed or acaulescent herbs, or rarely shrubs, often with root- stocks, or scaly bulbs, the sap sour. Leaves mostly palmately 3-foliolate, in some tropical species pinnate, or entire and peltate; stipules commonly present as scarious expansions of the petiole-bases; leaflets mostly obeor- date. Flowers perfect, in umbel-like or forking cymes, or sometimes solitary ; peduncles mostly long. Sepals 5, often unequal. Petals 5, white, pink, purple or yellow. Stamens 10-15, sometimes unequal. Ovaiy 5- celled, 5-lobed; styles coherent or distinct; ovules 2-many in each cavity; fruit a loeulieidal globose or columnar capsule, rarely baccate. Embryo Fam. Fam. Fam. 1. o 3. OXALIDACEAE. ERYTH ROXYLACE AE. LiXACEAE, Fam. Fam. 4. 5. Zygophyllaceab. Malpighiaceae. Fam. 6. Rutaceae. Fam. 7. Suriaxaceae. Fam. Fam. Fam. 8. 9. 10. Simaroubaceae. Burseraceae. Meliaceae. Fam. 11. POLYGALACEAE. Fam. 12. Euphorbiaceae, i OXALIDACEAE. 197 straight, in fleslu' eiulosperm. About 15 g-enera and over 300 species, chiefly of tropical distribution. Plants acaulescent, with coated l)iilbs ; flowers not yellow. 1. lonoxdiis. Plants caulescent, with rootstocks ; flowers mostly yellow. i'. Aantltoxuris. 1. lONOXAIiIS Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 665. 1903. Low, perennial acaulescent herbs the leaves and scapes arising from coated scaly bulbs, the petioles long, the blades palmately 3-several-foliolate, the violet, blue or white flowers in umbel-like cymes. Sepals 5, bearing apical tubercles in pairs. Petals 5. Stamens 10, the filaments united at the base. Ovary elongated; styles distinct. Capsules narrow, erect. [Greek, purple Oxalis.l Over 100 species natives of America. Type species: Oxalis violaeca L. 1. lonoxalis intermedia (A. Rich.) Small, X. A. Fl. 25: 43. 1907. OxcUis intermedia A. Eich. Ess. Fl. Cub. 315. 1845. Scape 1-3 dm. high, sparingly pubescent, slender, as long as the leaves or longer. Petioles sparingly pubescent; leaflets 3, obdeltoid, 2-6 cm. wide, bright green and glabrous above, paler and somewhat pubescent beneath, 2-lobed, the lobes ovate ; cymes 4-13-flowered ; pedicels glabrous, 1-2 cm. long ; sepals 4—5 mm. long, bearing 1 pair of apical tubercles; petals violet, 11-14 mm. long; shorter filaments slightly pubescent, the longer ones copiously pubescent. \Yaste and cultivated lands, New Providence, at Nassau : — Cuba ; Virgin Islands ; Guadaloupe ; Martinique. Cuban Purple Wood-sokkel. 2. XANTHOXALIS Small, FL SE. U. S. 666. 1903. Caulescent, annual or perennial herbs, rarely shrubs, with alternate, long- petioled, 3-foliolate leaves, the leaflets sessile, notched or obcordate, the yellow flowers in peduncled cymes. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Stamens 10, the filaments united into a tube at the base. Ovary oblong to linear; styles filiform or sub- ulate. Capsule oblong or columnar, usually narrowed to the summit, erect. Seeds transversely ridged or tubercled. [Greek, yellow Oxolis.'\ About 50 species, Avidely distributed. Type species: Oxalis corniciilata L. 1. Xanthoxalis corniculata (L.) Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 667. 1903. Oxalis corniculata L. Sp. PL 435. 1753. Pubescent or nearly glabrous, annual or perennial, deep-green, freely branching from the base; stem 2.5-15 cm. long, the branches diffuse, mainly procumbent and often creeping. Leaflets S-12 mm. wide; petioles dilated at the base into oblong rounded or truncate stipules; peduncles 1-3-flowered: flowers 5-10 mm. wide; pedicels strigillose, more or less reflcxeil ; capsule oblong, 1-1.8 cm. long, appressed-pubescent; seeds compressed, transversely ridged. Waste and cultivated lands. New Providence at Nassau and (Grant's Town : — widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions of Ixnh hemispheres Re- ferred by Mrs. Northrop to Oxalis corniculata rcpcns Zucc. Yellow Procumbent WOOD-SORREL. 198 ERYTHEOXYLACEAE. Family 2. ERYTHEOXYLACEAE A. Rich. Coca Family. Glabrous trees or shrubs, with mostly alternate simple stipulate en- lire-margined, petioled leaves and small, often heterostylous, pedieelled flowers solitary or fascicled in the axils, the pedicels bracted at the base. Calyx persistent, mostly 5-cleft. Petals as many as the calyx-lobes, ap- pendaged by a 2-lobed ligule within. Stamens 10, in 2 series, their fila- ments united below into a tube. Ovary 3-celled, rarely 4-celled; ovules 1, rarely 2, in each cavity, pendulous; styles 3, rarely 4; stigmas capitellate. Fruit a drupe, usually 1-celled and 1-seeded. Seed-coat thin; endosperm farinaceous; embryo straight. Only the following genus and the African Aneulophiis. 1. ERYTHROXYLON L. Syst. ed. 10, 1035. 1759. Leaves alternate. Petals short-clawed. [Greek red-wood.] About 200 species of tropical and subtropical distribution. Type species: Erythroxylon areolatum L. Leaves 0.5-2.5 cm. long, pale beneath. 1. E. rotimdifolium. Leaves 3 cm. long, or longer. Leaves conspicuously areolate beneath. Flowering pedicels as long as the petioles, or shorter ; leaves .5-13 cm. long. 2. E. arcoJatum. Flowering pedicels, or some of them, much longer than the petioles ; leaves 3-4 cm. long. 3. E. reticulatum. Leaves not areolate beneath, or only very faintly areolate. obovate, 3-7 cm. long. ' 4. E. confusum. 1. Erythroxylon rotundifolium Lunan, Hort. Jam. 2: 116. 1814. Erythroxylon ohovatum Macf. Fl. Jam. 1: 143. 1837. Erythroxylon suave O. E. Schulz, in Urban, Symb. Ant. 5: 197. 1907. Erythroxylon suave aneurum O. E. Schulz, loc!^ eit. 199. 1907. A shrub or a small tree up to 7 m. high, with slender flexible branches, the bark smooth. Leaves obovate to oblong-obovate or elliptic, firm in texture, 0.5-3 cm. long, obtuse or emarginate, dark green above, pale beneath, incon- spicuously reticulate-veined, the petioles 2.5-5 mm. long; stipules ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 1-1.5 mm. long; flowers 1-4 in the axils; pedicels mostly as long as the petioles or longer; calyx cleft to about the middle, about 1 mm. long, its lobes triangular-ovate, acute ; petals white, ob- long, 1.5-2.5 mm. long, obtuse, the ligule about one-third as long as the blade, its lobes irregularly toothed; drupes oblong, red, obtuse, 4-6 mm. long. Rocky plains, pine-lands and coppices, throughout the archipelago from Abaco and Great Bahama to Andros. North Caicos, Grand Turk and Inagua : — Cuba to Porto Rico: .Tamaica. Consists of several races diffei'ing in size, shnne and thick- ness of the leaves. Referred by Hitchcock, Coker, Dolley, and by Mrs. Northrop to E. hrevipes DC. ; formerly referred by O. E. Schulz to E. spinescens A. Rich. ROUXD-LEAVED ErYTHROXV.ON. RaT-WOOD. 2. Erjrthroxylon areolatum L. Syst. ed. 10, 1035. 1759. A shrub or a small tree up to 6 m. high. Leaves oblong to obovate, rather thin, 5-13 cm. long, 3-5.5 cm. wide, obtuse or emarginate at the apex, narrowed at the base, dark dull-green above, pale beneath and areolate by two lines parallel with the prominent midvein, the petioles 4-6 mm. long; stipules tri- angular, acute, about 2 mm. long; pedicels fascicled, as long as the petioles or shorter; flowers appearing with the leaves of the season, or before them, fra- LIXACEAE. 199 grant; calyx cleft to about the middle, nearly 2 mm. long, its triangular-ovate lobes acute; petals uhite or yellowish white, oblong, obtuse, 2-3 mm. long, the ligule about one-fourth as long as the blade; drupes red, oblong, 6-9 mm. long. Coppices, thickets and scrub-lands, Andros, Mangrove Cay, Eleuthera Cat Island, Watling's and Long Islands : — Cuba to Torto Rico ; Jamaica ; Colombia. Thin-leaved Ervthkoxylon. 3. Erythroxylon reticulatum Northrop, Mem. Torr. Club 12: 43, pJ. 8. 1902. A tall shrub, with slender, reddish brown branches. Leaves oblong-oblance- olate to obovate, rather firm in texture, 3-4 cm. long, obtuse or retuse at the ai3ex with the midvein slightly excurrent, cuntate-narrowed at the l^ase, finely and distinctly reticulate- veined, dark-green above, pale and prominently areo- late beneath, the petioles 2-3 mm. long; stipules triangular, acuminate, 2 mm. long; flowers solitary or 2 or 3 together in the axils; pedicels slender, 5-8 mm. long, thickened above; calyx about 2 mm. long, its ovate-lanceolate lobes acute; petals oblong, white, 3-3.5 mm. long, the ligule-lobes contorted; young drupes oblong, purplish black, pointed, 5 mm. long. White-lands and coppices, Andros at Deep Creek and near Conch Sound : — Endemic. Bahajia EiiYTHROXYLOx. 4. Erythroxylon confusum Britton. Wrythroxylon affine A. Eich. in Sagra, Hist. Cub. 10: 106. 1845. Not St. Hil. 1829. Erythroxylon ohovatum Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I. 113. 1859. Nat Macf. 1S37. A tree, 4-8 m. high, with a trunk-diameter of 1 dm. or more, the pale bark fissured. Leaves obovate or oblong-obovate, rather firm in texture, 3-7 cm. long, 3 cm. wide or less, rounded or emarginate at the apex, narrowed or cuneate at the base, dull-green above, pale-green beneath, not areolate, or but faintly so, not prominently reticulate-veined, the petioles 4-9 mm. long; stipules lanceolate, 2-4 mm. long; pedicels fascicled in the axils, or some of them solitary, shorter than the petioles; calyx about 2 mm. long, cleft to about the middle, the ovate-lanceolate lobes acute; petals oblong, obtuse, about 3 mm. long, the ligule about one-third as- long as the blade, its lobes acute; drupes Dblong, red, somewhat longer than the pedicels. Rocky coppices, scrub-lands and palmetto-lands, Andros, Mangrove Cay, New Providence and Great Exuraa : — Cuba ; .Jamaica. Orovate-lkaved Erythroxylon. Family 3. LINACEAE Dumort. Flax Family. Herbs or shrubs, with perfect regular nearly symmetrical flowers. Stipules mostly small or none. Sepals 5, rarely 4. imbricated, persistent. Petals of the same number and alternate with the sepals, imbricated, gen- erally contorted. Stamens of the same number, alternate with the petals; filaments monaclelphous at the base; anthers versatile, 2-celled. Ovary 2-5-celled, or by false septa 4-10-celled. Ovules anatropous. Styles 2-^. Fruit mainly capsular. Seeds 1 or 2 in each cavity, oily: endosperm little or none; embryo straig-ht ; cotyledons fiat. About 14 genera and ab^ut 160 species of wide distribution. 1. CATHARTOLINUM Echb. Handb. 307. 1837. Annual or perennial, branched herbs. Leaves alternate or occasionally opposite, without stipules but sometimes with stipular glands, entire or serru- 200 LINACEAE. late, sometimes eiliate or glandular-margined. Sepals 5, all, or only the inner ones, with gland-tipped teeth. Petals 5, yellow or white, unappendaged but sometimes pubescent within. Stamens 5 ; filaments united at the base, the free portions dilated at the base, without staminodia, or with a short staminodium in each sinus. Gynoecium 5-carpellary, or rarely 2-earpellary ; styles filiform, distinct or united; stigmas distinct, capitate. Capsule 5-celled, or rarely 2-celled and with firm septa, or completely or incompletely 10-celled by false septa, the carpels not ribbed on the back. Seeds flattened, often lunate. [Greek, referring to the medicinal qualities of some of the species.] About 70 species of wide geographic distribution. Type species: Linum catharti- cum L. Staminodia wanting. 1. C- Curtissii. Staminodia present. Androecium pubescent or eiliate. Stem and leaves pubescent ; annual. 2. C. coralUcola. Stem and leaves glabrous. Staminodia lanceolate; capsules ovoid: perennial. 3. C. hahamense. Staminodia deltoid ; capsules spheroidal ; annual. 4. C Bracei. Androecium glabrous ; leaves eiliate ; perennial. 5. C. Ugnosum. 1. Cathartolinum Curtissii Small, X. A. Fl. 25: 72. 1907. Linum Curtissii Small, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3: 424. 1905. Annual ; glabrous ; stems solitary, 5 dm. high or less, simple or corymbosely branched above. Leaves thickish, erect or ascending, the lower opposite or alternate, oblanceolate or spatulate, 1.5 cm. long or less, the upper all alternate, linear, acute or acuminate ; bracts entire ; outer sepals ovate, acute or acumi- nate, 2.5-3 mm. long, usually with a few glandular teeth; inner sepals ovate, rather broader than the outer, copiously glandular-toothed ; petals yellow ; stami- nodia none; capsules subglobose, about 2.5 mm. thick. Borders of brackish marshes and in palmetto-lands, New Providence : — Florida. Curtis s' Flax. 2. Cathartolinum corallicola Small, N. A. Fl. 25: 74. 1907. Annual; stem sparingly branched above, minutely hirsute, 2-4 dm. high. Leaves oblong to linear, 6-12 mm. long, alternate or the lower opposite, distant, rather thin, acute or acuminate, finely pubescent, glandular-ciliate ; bracts lanceolate to subulate, closely glandular-ciliate ; outer sepals oblong-ovate, 5 mm. long, glandular-toothed, pubescent, the inner similar, slightly broader and shorter; filaments pubescent below the middle; staminodia deltoid, eiliate; petals yellow; styles distinct; capsules ovoid, about 2 mm. long, much shorter than the sepals. Rocky pine-barrens, Andros, at Mastic Point. Endemic. Rock Flax. 3. Cathartolinum bahamense (Northrop) Small, N. A. Fl. 25: 75. 1907. Linum hahamense Northrop, Mem. Torr. Club 12: 42. 1902. Perennial, glabrous and glaucous; stems ridged, corymbosely branched above, 6 dm. high or less, the branches ascending. Leaves approximate, erect or ascending, linear to linear-lanceolate, thick, 5-12 mm. long, acute, pale green on both sides; bracts lanceolate to subulate, glandular-toothed; outer sepals ovate, 3-3.5 mm. long, acute or acuminate, glandular-toothed, the inner similar, acuminate, slightly shorter; petals yellow; filaments pubescent below the middle; staminodia lanceolate, eiliate; styles distinct; capsules ovoid, about 2 mm. long. White-lands, pine-lands and borders of marshes, Abaco, Andros, New Provi- dence and Eleuthera. Endemic. Recorded by Dolley as Linum virginicum L. Ba- hama Flax. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. 201 4. Cathartolinum Bracei Small, N. A. Fl. 25: 75. 1907. Annual, pale green or glaucescent, glabrous; stem corymbosely branched above, 1.5-3.5 dm. high, somewhat striate, the very sleAder branches ascending. Leaves few and distant, ascending, rather thin, spatulate to linear-oblong, 6-14 mm. long, acute, entire, ciliate, only the lower opposite; bracts lanceolate, glandular-toothed; outer sepals oval to ovate-oblong, acute, 3.5-4 mm. long, glandular-toothed, the inner similar, slightly shorter; petals yellow; filaments pubescent below the middle; staminodia deltoid, glabrous; siyles distinct; capsule depressed, about 2 mm. long. White-lands and moist situations, Abaco and Great Baliama. Endemic. Brace's Flax. 5. Cathartolinum llgnosum Small, N. A. Fl. 25: 75. 1907. Apparently perennial; stem woody, branched, with long, prominently striate branches, 3 dm. high. Leaves numerous, but not crowded, linear or nearly so, 4-11 mm. long, sessile, acuminate, glandular-ciliate ; outer sepals ovate, 3-3.5 mm. long, glandular-toothed, acuminate, the inner broader than the outer; petals yellow; filaments and staminodia glabrous; styles distinct. Scrub-lands under low buslies in partial openings, Great Bahama at Eight Mile Rocks. Endemic. ^yooDY Flax. A species of Limim, perhaps L. Leicisii Pursh, was collected bv Mr. Brace in foliage only on New Providence in 1916. Family 4. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Lindl. Caltrop Family. Herbs, shrubs, or some tropical species trees, the branches often jointed to the nodes. Leaves mostly opposite, stipulate, pinnate, or 2-3-foliolate, the leaflets entire. Stipules persistent. Flowers perfect, axillaiy, pe- duncled. Sepals usually 5, distinct, or united by their bases. Petals the same number as the sepals, or none. Stamens as many as the petals, or 2-3 times as many, inserted on the base of the receptacle, the alternate ones sometimes longer; anthers versatile, longitudinally dehiscent; filaments usually with a small scale at the base or near the middle. Ovaiy 4^12- celled; style terminal; stigma usually simple; ovules 1-numerous in each cavity, pendulous or ascending. Fruits various, dry or quite fleshy. About 20 genera and 160 species, widely distributed in warm and tropical regions. Trees or shrubs; flowers blue or purple. 1. Guuiaciim. Herbs ; flowers yellow. Carpels spinose. 2. TrihuUts. Carpels tuberculate. 3. KaUstrocmia. 1. GUAIACUM L. Sp. PL 381. 1753. Evergreen trees or shrubs, with hard resinous wood, the branches stout, the nodes often swollen. Leaves opposite, petioled, abruptly pinnate, the leaflets 2-several pairs, entire, inequilateral, reticulate-veined, the stipules minute. Flowers clustered, peduncled, the peduncles subtended by minute deciduous bracts. Sepals 4 or 5, somewhat united at the base. Petals 4 or 5, blue or purple. Stamens 8 or 10; filaments filiform; anthers cordate or sagit- tate. Ovary stalked, 2-5-lobed, 2-5-celled; style subulate; ovules 8-10 in each cavity, anatropous. Fruit coriaceous, with l-o wing-like angles. Seeds ovoid 14 202 ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. or ellipsoid; embryo nearly straight. [From the aboriginal name.] About 8 species, natives of tropical and subtropical America. Type species: Guaiacum officinale L. Petals tomentulose; fruit broadly obcordate ; leaflets mostly 4. 1. G. officinale. Petals glabrous ; fruit broadly obovoid ; leaflets mostly 6-10. 2, G- sanctum. 1. Guaiacum officinale L. Sp. PI. 381. 1753. A tree up to 10 m. high, the bark smooth and gray, the branches flexuous. Leaves 3-9 cm. long; leaflets 4 or 6, mostly 4, oval to obovate, glabrous, 1-5 cm. long, rounded at the apex, sessile or nearly so, coriaceous at maturity; stipules 1 mm. long, pubescent, caducous; flowers few or many, terminal, the slender peduncles pubescent; sepals ovate to orbicular, 5-7 mm. long, tomentu- lose on both sides; petals blue, narrowly obovate, about 12 mm. long, tomentu- lose at the apex, rounded or mucronate; fruit usually 2-carpellary, broadly obcordate, yellowish, 17-20 mm. long; seedS' ellipsoid, the aril cream-colored. Coppices and scrub-lands, South Calcos : — Cuba to St. Thomas and to Trinidad ; Jamaica ; Panama to northern South America. Lignum Vitae. 2. Guaiacum sanctum L. Sp. PI. 382. 1753. A tree, sometimes 10 m. high, the bark pale, the branches spreading or pendulous. Leaves 4-10 cm. long; leaflets 4-10, oblong to obovate or oblanceo- late, 2-3.5 cm. long, sessile, glabrous, coriaceous at maturity, usually apiculate or mucronate; stipules about 3 mm. long, pubescent, usually caducous; flowers solitary or several, on pubescent peduncles shorter than the leaves; sepals obovate or oblong-obovate, 5-7 mm. long, pubescent; petals blue or purple, broadly obovate, 7-11 mm. long, glabrous, rounded at the apex; fruit broadly obovoid, yellow to orange, 14-17 mm. long; seeds ellipsoid, the aril scarlet. Coppices and scrub-lands, throughout the islands from Abaco and Great Ba- hama to Watling's, Inagua, Anguilla Isles and North Caicos : — Florida ; Cuba to Porto Rico ; Yucatan. Lignum Vitae. 2. TEIBULUS L. Sp. PL 386. 1753. Herbs, with evenly pinnate leaves and peduncled axillary yellow flowers. Sepals 5, persistent. Petals 5, deciduous. Stamens 10, the alternate ones somewhat longer. Ovary sessile, 5-lobed, 5-celled, hairy, the hairs erect; style short; stigma 5-ridged; ovules 3-10 in each cavity, pendulous. Fruit 5-angled, spiny, splitting into 5, 3-5-seeded segments. [Greek, three-pronged. Caltrop, from the resemblance of the fruit to that implement.] About 12 species, of warm and tropical regions. Type species: Tribulus terrestris L. 1. Tribulus cistoides L. Sp. PL 387. 1753. Tribulus terrestris cistoides Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 284. 1868. Perennial; roots thick, woody; stems diffuse, procumbent, 3-10 dm. long, pubescent, becoming glabrate. Leaves 1-5 cm. long; leaflets 6-8 pairs, obliquely oblong or elliptic, acutish or obtuse and mucronulate, 4-15 mm. long, silky-pubescent beneath; stipules subulate, 5-8 mm. long; peduncles about as long as the leaves or longer; sepals lanceolate, half as long as the petals; petals yellow, about 2 cm. long; carpels tubercled, each with 2 stout divergent spines and several scattered smaller ones. Sandy waste places, Fortune Island, Grand Turk and Inagua : — Georgia and Florida : Cuba to Virgin Gorda ; Guadeloupe and Martinique ; Jamaica ; Panama north to the islands off the California coast. Large Yellow Caltrop. Buttercup. MALPIGHIACEAE. 203 3. KALLSTROEMIA Scop. Int. 212. 1777. Mostly annual pubescent herbs, with opposite stipulate, evenly pinnate leaves, and solitary axillary peduncled yellow flowers. Sepals usually 5. Petals the same number, obovate or oblanceolate, deciduous. Stamens twice as many as the petals. Ovary sessile, 10-12-eelled; ovule 1 in each cavity, pendulous; style long, or short, 10-12-grooved, persistent; stigma mostly 10-12-ridge\ 3. MAIiPIGHIA L, Sp. PI. 425. 1753. Shrubs or small trees, with opposite leaves usually bearing stinging hairs beneath, the white pink or red flowers in axillary peduncled corymbs. Calyx 6-10-glandular, persistent. Petals 5j the blades undulate or fimbriate. Stamens 10, all antherif erous; filaments united to the middle or below; anthers short, often didymous, Ch^ary glabrous, 3-lobed; styles distinct; stigmas small. Fruit a fleshy drupe, usually depressed-globose. [In honor of Marcello Malpighi, 1628-1693, Italian botanist,] Over 30 species, of tropical and sub- tropical America. Type species: Malpighia glabra L. MALPIGHIACEAE. 205 1. Malpighia polytricha A. Jii?s. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. IT. 13: 33G. 1S40. A shrub, up to 3 m. high, usually much branched. Leaves oblong, oval or obovate, subcoriaceous, 1.5-3 cm. long, rounded, truncate or retuse and usually mucronulate at the apex, cuneate to subcordate at base, sinuate-«lentatc or entire, reticulate-veined, glabrous above "vvhen mature, mostly pubej^cent with stinging hairs beneath and on the margins, short-petioled ; cymes s-essile or nearly so, several-floAvered ; calyx 10-glandular ; sepals oblcng to ovate, about 3 mm, long; corolla pink to scarlet, the larger petals S-10 mm. long; styles unequal, hooked at the apex; drupe red, subglobose or globose-ovoid, 7-10 mm. in diameter. Scrub-lands, coppices and pine-lands, throughout the archipelago from Ahaco and Andros to Caicos and Inagna. Endomic. Consists of many races, the Iciif- forms various and the stinging hairs abundant, few or none. Recorded !iy Dolley and Hitchcock as M. scfosa Spreng. : also as such by Mrs. Northrop: and l)y Hitch- cock as -1/. punivifoJla L. Bahama Malpk^hia. Toucii-me-xot. Wild-ciiekuy. 4. BYRSONIMA Eich, ; A. Juss. Ann. Mus. Paris 18: 481. ISll. Shrubs or trees, with opposite petioled or sessile leaves, the flowers in terminal panicles or racemes. Calyx 10-glandular, or glandless, of 5 broad persistent sepals. Petals 5, the blades suborbicular to reniform. Stamens 10, all antheriferous; filaments short, slightly united at the base. Ovary 3-lobed; styles 3, slender; stigmas subulate. Drupes ovoid to globose. [Greek, tanning.] About 100 species, of tropical and subtropical America. Type species: Mal- pigliia spicata Cav. 1. Byrsonima cuneata (Turcz.) P. Wilson, Bull. X. Y. Bot. Gard. 8: 304. 1917. Malpighia liicida Sw. Prodr. 74. 1788. Not Miller. 1768. Biirsonima lucida DC. Prodr. 1: 580. 1824. MalpJiigJiia cuneata Turcz. Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. 31^: 390. 1858. Usually a shrub, 2.5 m. high or less, sometimes a small tree up to S m. high, the twigs slender, mostly short. Leaves spatulate to obovate, rather thin in texture, flat, 1.5-5.5 cm. long, glabrous, rounded or abruptly acute at the apex, narrowed or cuneate at the base, reticulate-veined and shining above, dull beneath, the petioles 2-5 mm. long; pedicels sparingly pubescent or glabrous j^ sepals ovate or oblong, about 3 mm. long; petals white to red, the larger 5-7 mm. long; drupes globose, brown, 9-12 mm. in diameter. Coastal coppices, borders of swamps and in wet places in pine-lands. Abnco, Great Bahama, Andros. New Providence, Ele'uthera, Cat Island. Crooked Island, Fortune Island, Acklin's Island, Inagua : — Florida : Cuba to Anegada and Bar- badoes. Locust-berry. Guax.v-berry. Candle-berry. 5. BUNCHOSIA Eich.; A. Juss. Ann. Mus. Paris 18: 481. isll. Shrubs or trees, with opposite, usually coriaceous, petioled or nearly sessile leaves, and yellow or Avhite flowers in terminal panicles. Calyx S-10-gIandular, the 5 sepala persistent. Petals 5, their broad blades undulate or toothed. Stamens 10, all antheriferous; filaments partly united, glabrous; anthers short. Ovary 2-3-lobed; styles united; stigma 3-lobed or capitate. Drupe ovoid, globose or reniform. [Said to be derived from an Arabic name for coflfee.] Thirty species or more, of tropical and subtropical America. Type species: Malpighia odorata Jacq. 206 EUTACEAE. 1. Bunchosia glandulosa (Cav.) DC. Prodr. 1: 581. 1824. Malpighia glandulosa Cav. Diss. 8: 411. pi. 239. f. 2. 1789. A shrub, or sometimes a tree up to 8 m. higli. Leaves oblong to oblanceo- late or elliptic-obovate, glabrous, 3-11 cm. long, obtuse or acute at the apex, narrowed or acute at the base, bright-green, somewhat paler beneath than above, the petioles 5-12 m. long; panicles often many, as long as the leaves or shorter; pedicels finely pubescent when young, becoming glabrous; sepals oblong or ovate-oblong, about 3 mm. long; petals yellow, the larger 6-7.5 mm. long, with suborbicular, erose or denticulate blades; ovary and style glabrous; clrupes ovoid, red or orange, 2-lobed, 9-15 mm. in diameter. Scrub-lands, Andros, New Providence. Eleuthera. Great Exuma, Watling's Island : — Hispaniola ; Porto Rico ; St. Thomas to Martinique ; Yucatan. Bunchosia. Family 6. RUTACEAE Juss. Rue Family. Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs, with heavy-scented and glandular-punc- tate foliage, mainly compound estipulate leaves, and perfect or polygamo- dioecious flowers. Sepals 4 or 5, or none. Petals 4 or 5, hypogy^nous or perigynous. Stamens of the same number, or twice as many, distinct, inserted on the receptacle ; anthers 2-celled, mostly versatile. Disk annular. Pistils 1-5, distinct, or 1 and composed of 2-5 carpels, inserted on the receptacle. Fruit various, a capsule, berry or samara. Seeds oblong or reniforra; endosperm generally fleshy, sometimes none. About 110 genera and 950 species, most abundant in South Africa and Australia. Fruit dry, capsular or samaroid ; stamens 3-5. Fruit dehiscent, not winged ; flowers whitish or greenish. L. Zanthoxylum. Fruit indehiscent. winged ; flowers red or pinkish. 2. Spathelia. Fruit pulpy, drupaceous ; stamens 8 or 10. 3. Ampris. 1. ZANTHOXYLUM [Catesby] L. Sp. PL 270. 1753. Trees or shrubs with alternate pinnate leaves, the twigs and petioles commonly prickly. Flowers axillary or terminal, cymose, whitish or greenish, mostly small. Sepals 4 or 5, or none. Petals imbricated. Staminate flowers with 4 or 5 hypogynous stamens. Pistillate flowers with 1-5 distinct pistils, rarely with some stamens. Carpels 2-ovuled. Pods 2-valved, 1-2-seeded. Seeds oblong, black and shining. [Greek, yellow-wood.] About 150 species, of tem- perate and tropical regions. Type species: Zanthoxylum Clava-HercuUs L. Petiole and rachis winged ; inflorescence lateral or axillary, short- spicate. ^ 1. Z. Fagara. Petiole and rachis wingless : inflorescence mostly terminal, panicu- late or corymbose-paniculate. Sepals, petals and stamens 3 ; leaflets obovate. Ovary 3-carpellary. 2. Z. coriaceum. Ovary 1-carpellary. 3. Z. cuhense. Sepals, petals and stamens 5, rarely 4 ; leaflets lanceolate to ovate. 4. Z. flavum. 1. Zanthoxylum Fagara (L.) Sarg. Gard. & For. 3: 186. 1890. Schimis Fagara L. Sp. PL 389. 1753. Fagara Pterota L. Syst. ed. 10, 897. 1759. Fagara lentiscifolia H. & B. ; Willd. Enum. Hort. BeroL, 165. 1809. Zanthoxylum Pterota H. B. K. Xov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 3. 1823. Fagara Fagara Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 675. 1903. RUTACEAE. 207 TJsiTally a shrub, sometimes a small tree up to 10 m. in height, intricately branched, the branches armed "with hooked prickles, or occasionally unarmed, the young twigs puberulent. Leaves 2.5-10 cm. long, odd-pinnate; leallets 5-13, obovate to elliptic or suborbicular, 7-25 mm. long, rounded or omarginate at the apex, mostly cuneate or narrowed at the base, crenulate^ bright-green an(l shining above, the petiole and rachis grooved and winged; inflorescence lateral, axillary, short-spicate ; sepals 4, not more than 0.5 mm. long ; petals 4, yellowish- green, 2-3 mm, long; staminate flowers with 4 stamens, longer than the petals; pistillate flowers with a sessile ovary and slender styles; follicles* globose, 3-4 mm. in diameter; seeds black, shining. Scrub-lands and coppices, Elbow Cay, Great Bahama, Berry Islands, North Cat Cay, Andros. New Providence, Eleuthera to Watling's, Great Guana Cay, Great Exuma, Long Island, Acklln's and North Caicos : — Florida ; Texas ; Mexico ; Central and South America ; West Indies. Wild Lime. Satin-wood. 2. Zanthoxylum coriaceum A. Eich. Ess. Fl. Cub. 326. 1845. Fagara coriacea Krug & Urban, Bot. Jahrb. 21: 591. 1896. A prickly aromatic shrub or small tree up to 7 m. high, the old wood bearing many corky conic cushions. Leaves 2 dm. long or less, glabrous, mostly evenly pinnate; leaflets 4-13, obovate or oblong-obovate, 2-6.5 cm. long, obtuse, emarginate or bluntly acuminate at the apex, narrowed or cuneate at the base, dark-green and shining above, pale-green and often prickly beneath ; cyme*; terminal, rarely axillary ; flowers yellowish-white ; sepals, petals and stamens 3 ; ovary 3-carpellary ; petals of the pistillate flowers about 4 mm. long, a little larger than those of the staminate; follicles subglobose to ellipsoid, 5-6 mm. long, apiculate, brown, rough; seeds 1 in each follicle, subglobose, black, shining, 3-4 mm. long. Coppices or sometimes in the white-lands, throughout the archipelago from Abaco and Great Bahama to North Bimini, Caicos and Inagua : — Florida ; Cuba ; Grand Cayman and Hispaniola. Referred by Dolley and Hitchcock to Zanthoxylum emurginatum Sw. Hercules' Club. Doctor's Clud. 3. Zanthoxylum cubense P. Wilson, Torreya 9: 32. 1909. Zanthoxylum juglandifolnim A. Eich. Ess. Fl. Cub. 332. 1845. Xot Willd. 1806. A prickly glabrous shrub or tree up to 13 m. high. Leaves odd-pinnate; leaflets 3-9, obovate, 5-8 cm. long, obtuse, short-acuminate, or emarginate at the apex, narrowed at the base, shining above, rather dull beneath; inflorescence terminal, paniculate; sepals, petals and stamens 3; petals about 1.6 mm. long, 4-5 times as long as the calyx; ovary 1-carpellary ; follicles solitary, sessile, globose, apiculate, about 4 mm. in diameter. Coppices and pine-lands, near Deep Creek, Andros : — Cuba. Cuban Yellow- wooc. 4. Zanthoxylum fla-VTim Vahl, Eclog. 3: 48. 1807. Xanthoxylon cribrosum Spreng. Syst. 1: 946. 1825. Fagara flava Krug. & Urban, Bot. Jahrb. 21: 571. 1896. An unarmed tree, reaching a maximum height of about ]2 m. with a trunk about 5 dm. in diameter, usually smaller, sometimes shrubby, the light grey bark nearly smooth, the twigs finely stellate-pubescent when young, soon gla- brous. Leaves 1-2.5 dm. long, odd-pinnate, finely stellate-canescent when young; leaflets 3-11, mostly 5 or 7, subcoriaceous, ovate or lanceolate to elliptic, very nearly sessile, obtuse or acutish at the apex, mostly rounded at the base, crenate or nearly entire, pellucid-punctate; panicles terminal, many-flowcreil, 5-15 cm. long; pedicels and rachis stellate-canescent; calyx about 1.5 mm. broad; petals 2.5-4 mm. long; staminate flowers with 5, rarely 4 stamens about 208 RUTACEAE. as long as the ]3etals; pistillate flowers with a glandular-punctate ovary and short styles ; f ollicdes obovoid, 5-9 mm. long ; seeds black, shining, 4-5 mm. long. White-lands and low coppices, throughout the archipelago from Abaco and Great Bahama to Grand Turk and Ambergris Cay, Inagua and the Anguilla Isles : — Ber- muda : Florida : Cuban Cays ; Jamaica, Santo Domingo to St. Lucia. Referred by Dolley to ZanthoxyUim fraxincum Willd. Yellow-wood. Satin-wood. The occurrence of Zantkoxylum Clava-Herculis L. in the Bahamas as recorded by Dolley is extremely doubtful; both Z. coriaeeum and Caesalpinia hahamensis are locally known through the archipelago as ''Hercules' Club." 2. SPATHELTA L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 386. 1762. Trees, with slender unbranched trunks, the leaf-scars long-persistent, the pinnate leaves tufted at the summit, the polygamous flowers in large terminal erect panicles. Leaflets pellucid-punctate. Sepals 5. Petals 5, imbricated. Stamens 5, alternating with the petals. Ovary 3-celled, 3-angled; stigma 3- lobed; ovules 2 in each cavity. Fruit dry, 3-celled, 3-winged, each cavity con- taining one seed. Endosperm fleshy; radicle straight. [Greek, staff -like.] About 5 species, natives of the West Indies. The trees die after once flowering and fruiting. Type species : Spathelia simplex L. 1. Spathelia vernicosa Planch, in Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. 5: 581. 1846. Trunk 3-5 m. high, 5-8 cm. in diameter. Leaves several, 1.5-4.5 dm. long, the rachis narrowly wing-margined; leaflets 25-35, oblong or oblong-elliptic, 1-5 cm. long, subsessile, obtuse at the apex, rounded or broadly cuneate at the base, glabrous, dark-green above, paler beneath, shining on both sides, coarsely crenulate with gland-tipped teeth; panicle 9 dm. long or less; pedicels 3-8 mm. long; flowers red; sepals oblong, 4-5 mm. long; petals oblong-obovate, 5-6 mm. long; filaments with wing-like appendages at the base; fruit 10-13 mm. long, 7-10 mm. wide, the triangular body narrowly winged; seeds angled. Rocky scrub-lands, Cat Island : — Cuba. Low Spathelia. 3. AMYRIS L. Syst. ed. 10, 996, 1000. 1759. Shrubs or trees, with compound (sometimes unifoliolate), petioled leaves, and small white perfect flowers in terminal and axillary corymbiform panicles, the pedicels 2-bracteolate. Calyx urn-shaped, 4-5-lobed. Petals 4 or 5. Sta- mens twice as many as the petals, borne on the disk; filaments filiform; anthers longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary 1-celled; ovules 2, pendulous; style short or none; stigma capitate or flat. Fruit a small drupe. Seed-coat membranous; cotyledons thick, fleshy. [Greek, much balsam.] About 15 species, natives of tropical and subtropical America. Type species: Amyris halsamifera L. 1. Amyris eleimfera L. Syst. ed. 10, 1000. 1759. Amyris maritima Jacq. Enum, 19. 1760. A shrub or tree, sometimes 17 m. high, glabrous or the young twigs and inflorescence hispidulous. Leaves opposite, or mostly so; leaflets 3 or 5, cori- aceous, lanceolate to ovate or rhombic-ovate, 2-7 cm. long, acute, acuminate or rounded at the apex, cuneate, rounded or subtruncate at the base, crenulate or entire, short-stalked; panicles several-many-flowered; calyx-lobes ovate; petals SIMAEOUBACEAE. 209 obovate or oval, 2-3.5 mm. long; ovary glabrous; stigma sessile; drupe globose to ellipsoid, black, 5-8 mm. long, glaucous. Coastal thickets and scrub-lands, throughout the archipelago from Abaco and Great Bahama to Caicos and Inagua : — Florida ; West Indies and Central America. Referred by Dolley to Aniyris sylvatica .Tacq. Torch wood. White Torch. Cutesby, 2 : pi. S3. Ami/ris hijuga of Schoepf is listed by him as a name only and not identified; his record of A. sylvatica has not been substantiated. The Glycosmis pentaphylla recorded by Dolley, is Amyris elemifcra L. according to the specimen collected by Brace. Family 7. SURIANACEAE Lindl. Bay Cedar Family. The family consists only of the following genus. 1. SURIANA L. Sp. PI. 284. 1753. A branching shrub or small tree, with simple alternate entire leaves, the perfect flowers in terminal clusters or solitary. Calyx of 5 persistent sepals. Corolla of 5 imbricated petals. Stamens 10 ; filaments nearly distinct, those oj)posite the petals shorter than the others. Disk adnate to the base of the calyx, or obsolete. Carpels 5, distinct; ovules 2, collateral, ascending; styles 5, lateral, filiform; stigmas capitate. Fruits achene-like. Embryo thick, horse- shoe-shaped. [Named for Joseph Donat Surian, of Marseilles.] A monotypic genus. 1. Suriana maritima L. Sp. PL 284. 1753. Usually a shrub 2 m. high or less, sometimes a small tree up to S m. high, the twigs densely leafy, and densely pubescent. Leaves linear-spatulate, 1— i cm. long, 2-6 mm. wide, rather fleshy, sessile, densely pubescent, obtuse; flowers few, in short clusters; sepals lanceolate to ovate, 6-10 mm. long, acumi- nate; petals obovate, yellow, 7-9 mm. long, erose near the apex; fruiting car- pels 4-5 mm. long, finely pubescent. Maritime sands and rocks, throughout the archipelago from Abaco and Great Bahama to Sand Cav (Grand Turk), Inagua, the Anguilla Isles and Cay Sal: — Bermuda; Florida: the West Indies; shores of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea ; Old World tropical coasts. Bay Cedar, Tassel Plakt. Family 8. SIMAROUBACEAE DC. Quassia Family. Trees and shrubs, the bark usually bitter and containing oil-sacs, with pinnate (rarely simple), mostly alternate leaves and small, dioecious or polygamous, panicled racemose, or sometimes solitary, axillary flowers. Calyx of 3-7 sepals. Corolla of as many petals, or wanting. Stamens as many or t\viee as many as the petals, rarely more numerous. Carpels 2-5, distinct or united; styles distinct, united or none; ovules mostly 1 or 2 in each cavity. Fruit various, usually 1-seeded. About 30 genera, compris- ing some 150 species, mostly tropical, a few in the temperate zones. 210 SIMAEOUBACEAE. Fruit drupaceous or baccate ; petals usually present. Leaves 5-9-foliolate ; carpels 2-ovuled, ]. Picramnia. Leaves 9— 21-foliolate ; carpels 1-ovuled. 2. Simaroiiha. Fruit samaroid ; leaves 19-51-foliolate ; petals none. 3. Alvaradoa. 1. PICRAMNIA Sw. El. Ind. Occ. 1: 217. 1797. Trees or shrubs, with alternate, unequally pinnate leaves, and small dioe cious flowers in narrow panicles. Sepals 3-5, slightly united at the base Petals 3-5, or sometimes wanting. Stamens 3-5, in the pistillate flowers repre sented by small staminodia; filaments slender, unappendaged; anthers broad Ovary 2-3-celled, sessile; sligmas 2 or 3, spreading; ovules 2 in each cavity pendulous. Fruit baccate, globose to oblong or obovoid, the pulp juicy, [Greek, bitter shrub.] Some thirty species, of tropical and subtropical America. Type species : Picramnia Antidesma Sw. 1. Picramnia pentandra Sw. El. Ind. Occ. 1: 220. 1797. A shrub, or a small tree up to 10 m. high, the young twigs and leaves finely appressed-pubescent. Leaflets 5-9, chartaceous, oblong to ovate or lanceolate, 3-12 cm. long, acute, acuminate, or obtu?e at the apex, narrowed at the base, shining above, becoming glabrous on both sides, the petiolules short; panicles slender, loosely branched, 7-15 cm. long; sepals 5, ovate, acute, about 2 mm. long; petals linear-lanceolate, about as long as the sepals; stamens 5; berries globose to oblong or obovoid, red or scarlet, 9-15 mm. long. Coppices and scrub-lands, Abaco, Great Bahama. Andros, New Providence, Eleuthera. Tat Island, Wntling's. xVtwood Cay, Acklin's. Long Island, Mariguana and North Caicos : — Florida ; Cuba to Trinidad. Bitteii Bush. Snake-eoot. 2. SZMAROUBA Aubl. PI. Guian. 2: 859. 1775. Shrubs or trees, usually with bitter bark, the leaves alternate, pinnate, the leaflets entire, the small, terminal or axillary panicled flowers monoecious or dioecious. Sepals 4-6, partly united. Petals 4—6, much longer than the calyx. Stamens 8-12, often represented by dilated staminodia in the pistillate flowers; filaments subulate, appendaged at the base; anthers narrow. Ovary sessile, usually 5-celled; carpels distinct. Eruit drupaceous. [Guiana name.] About 5 species of tropical and subtropical America. Type species: Simarouba amara Aubl. 1. Simarouba glauca DC. Ann. Mus. Paris 17: 424. 1811. Quassia Simaruba W. Wright, Trans. Eov. Soc. Edin. 2: 73. 1790. Not L. f. 1781. Simaruba amara Hayne, Arzneipfl. 9. pi. 15. 1825. Not Aubl. 1775. Simdruba officinalis M^cf. El, Jam. 1: 198. 1837. Not DC. 1811. Simarouba medicindlis Endl. Medic. Pfl. 528. 1842. Simaruba officinalis forma glabra Krug & Urban, in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 15: 305. 1893. A tree, up to 16 m. high, or shrubby, the rather stout nearly terete twigs glabrous, the bark red-brown. Leaves 2-4 dm, long, unequally pinnate ; leaflets 7-21, oblong or oblong-obovate, 5-11 cm. long, rounded, retuse or abruptly pointed at the apex, cuneate at the base, glabrous, or with short spreading hairs beneath, bright green above, pale and more or less glaucous beneath, the petiolules very short; panicle 1-4 dm. long, widely branched, the staminate flowers more numerous than the pistillate; flowers short-pedicelled; sepals ovate J BURSERACEAE. 211 to triangular-ovate, ciliolate; petals oblong to ovate, 4-6 mm. long; ose. Anther-sacs elongated, often flex- uous. Flowers in a globose closed involucre when young. 15 1. Savio. J. Sccurinc(ja. 3. Cicca. 4. Margaritaria. 7i. Xnlophiilld. r>. rh!iUonthii.'<. 7. Drifixtis. S. Croton. D. Ctirrna. 10. Adcnoroiiiiiiii. 11. A riii/tJuniniin. 12. Adrlin. 13. Liiginrrotnn. 14. MvrruriaUs. ir>. Acni i/phd. 1(). I'vra. 218 EUPHOEBIACEAE. Stamens very numerous, the filaments re- peatedly forked. 17. Ricinus. ft Lobes of the staminate calyx imbricated, or calyx wanting. Flowers in branched racemes. 18, Manihot. Flowers spicate or in simple racemes. Bracts small ; shrubs or trees. Calyx of the staminate flowers cleft or lobed. Filaments distinct. 19. Bonania. Filaments connate. Anthers 2 ; ovary 6-9-celIed. 20. Hippomane. Anthers 3; ovary 3-celled. 21. Grimmeodendron. Calyx of the staminate flowers none or rudimentary. 22. Gymnanthes. Bracts large, membranous, at first enclos- ing the inflorescence ; large tree, 23, Hura. 2. Flowers in a calciform or cyathiform involucre. Involucre calciform, the glands internal. 24, Pedilanthus. Involucre regular, the glands external. Glands of the involucre inframarginal ; shrubs or trees. 25. Adenorima. Glands of the involucre marginal. Plants leafless or leaves small and rudimentary. Plants fleshy, cactus-like ; bractlets foliaceous. 26. Euphorbia. Plants woody, jointed ; bractlets not folia- ceous. 27. Arthrothamnus. Plants normally leafy ; herbs, rarely shrubs or trees. > Inflorescence terminal. Stem topped by an umbel; stipules none. 28. Tithymaliis. Stem not topped by an umbel ; stipules gland-like. 29. Poinsettia. Inflorescence axillary or axillary and terminal. Leaves equilateral, ternate or verticillate ; shrubs or trees. 30. Aklema. Leaves inequilateral, opposite ; mostly herbs. 31. Chaniaesyce. 1. SAVIA Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 771. 1806. Trees or shrubS; "with alternate stipulate leaves, the inflorescence racemose or sliort-cymo?e. Flowers petaliferons, dioecious or monoecious. Male flowers: sepals 5, siibequal, imbricated; petals small; stamens 5, alternate with the petals ; filaments separate above their insertion ; anthers erect ; rudimentary- ovary slightly 3-fid. Calyx of the female flowers as in the male. Capsule 3- celled, the cocci 2-valved; seeds exarillate; endosperm fleshy; cotyledons plane. [Commemorates Gattano Savi, professor at Pisa, died 1844.] About 6 West Indian species. Type species: Croton sessiliflorum Sw. 1, Savia bahamensis Britton, Torreya 4: 104. 1904. A shrub or tree up to 5 m, high with ascending branches. Leaves oblong- obovate, thick, obtuse and rounded at the apex, narrowed at the base, 7 cm. long or less, 1.5-3 cm. wide, dark green, shining and strongly reticulated above, pale green and inconspicuously reticulated beneath; petioles stout, about 4 mm. long, about as long as the dense clusters of male flowers; fruit glabrous, depressed-globose, slightly and obtusely 3 -lobed, about 8 mm. in diameter. In thickets, from Abaco southward to Inagua : — Florida : Cuba ; Jamaica. Re- corded by Mrs. Northrop as fif. erythroxyloidcs Griseb., of Cuba, which it resembles. Maidex-bush. 2. SECURINEGA Coram.; Gmel, Syst. 1008. 1791. Shrubs, the leaves alternate, entire, often small, the flowers clustered or solitary in the axils, monoecious or dioecious, apetalous. Male flowers: EUPHOEBIACEAE. 219 sepals 5, imbricate; lobes of the disk, or glands, 5, alternate ^vith the stamens; stamens 5 or rarely fewer, filaments free, opposite the sepals; anthers erect, their cells distinct, longitudinally dehiscent; rudimentary ovary more or less evident, slightly or markedly 2-3-fid. Female calyx like the male, the disk sub- entire; ovary 3-celled; styles distinct, recurved, 2-fid; ovules 2 in each cell. [Greek, referring to the hard wood of the typical species.] About 8 species of tropical and subtropical distribution. Type species: Securincga durissima Gmel. 1. Securinega Acidoton (L.) Fawcett, Journ. Bot. 57: 68. 1919. Adelia Acidoton L. Syst. ed. 10, 1298. 1759. Securinega Acidothamnus Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15: 451. 1866. Flueggia Acidothamnus Griseb. Nachr. Gesell, Wiss. Goett. 1865: 164. 1865. An intricately much-branched shrub 3 m, high or less. Branches strongly flexuous, delicately and sharj)ly spinous; stipules ovate-lanceolate, minute, caducous; leaves petiolate, broadly obovate, obtusely rotund, rigid, densely and prominently reticulate-veiny, pale beneath, 6-8 mm. long, 2-6 mm. broad; male flowers glomerate-fasciculate; female flowers solitary; styles connate below, bifid, the branches broadly 2-3-lobed; fruit at first fleshy, obtusely trigonal; seeds smooth, pallid. Coppices and scrub-lands, Andros, New Providence, Cat Island. Great Exuma and Long Island : — Cuba to St. Jan and St. Croix ; Jamaica. Securinega. 3. CICCA L. Mant. 1: 17, 124. 1767. A tree with distichous entire leaves and small monoecious flowers in leafy- bracted lateral panicles. Calyx 4-parted, the segments unequal, imbricated. Petals none. Male flowers with 4 distinct stamens, the anthers extrorse. Fe- male flowers with a several-celled ovary, the styles 2-cleft; ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit baccate, indehiscent. Seeds angular, pendulous. [Greek, wonderful tree.] A monotypic genus. 1. Cicca disticha L. Mant. 1: 124. 1767. PhijUanthus disticlius Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 1&: 413. 1866. A tree, up to 12 m. high. Leaves ovate, pointed, 5-7.5 cm. long. Flowers panicled, the panicles many-flowered, lateral, arranged along aphyllous branches, the male and female mixed in the same fascicles; filaments alternating with exterior glands; ovary 4 (3) -celled; fruit depressed-globose, angled, the angles as many as there are seeds; seeds smooth. Adventitious after cultivation at Fresh Creek, Andros : — Spontaneous after cultivation in Florida and tlie West Indies; native of southern Asia. (.)rAiiKiTE GOOSEBERKY. GOOSEBERRY-TREE. 4. MARGARITARIA L. f. Suppl. 66, 428. 1781. Trees, shrubs or woody vines, with glabrous alternate entire leaves, and small dioecious flowers, solitary or few together in the axils. Calyx usually 4-parted. Disk urceolate. Staminate flowers usually with 4 distinct stamens. Pistillate flowers Avith a 3-5-celled ovary and 3-5 distinct styles; ovules 2 in each cavity. Fruit capsular, 3-5-lobed. [Greek, pearl-like.] Four known species, of tropical and subtropical America. Type species: Margariiaria nohilis L. f. 220 EUPHOEBIACEAE. 1. Margaritaria bahamensis (Urban) Britton & Millspaugh. Phyllanthus bahamensis Urban, Symb. Ant. 3: 289. 1902. A small tree about 7 m. high. Leaves obovate-elliptiCj oblong or lance- olate, 2,5-8 cm. long, 8-25 mm. broad, obtuse or acute, shining above, pallid beneath; flowers produced from between the stipules on short, few-leaved branchlets; outer sepals ovate, inner orbicular, margin membranous; disk beyond the stamens plane, the margin free and undulate-crenate ; anthers orbicular-ovate; styles 3, spreading, each 2-lobed; fruit solitary, short- peduncled, depressed-globose, 3-lobed, about 8 mm. broad. Coppices, scrub-lands and pine-lands, Abaco, Andros, New Providence and Eleu- thera. Endemic. Reported by Coker as Phyllanthus virens Muell. Arg. Bahama Margaritakia. 5. XYLOPHYLLA L. Mant. 2: 147, 221. 1771. Aphyllous tree-like shrubs, with flat leaf-like coriaceous branches (phyl- lodia). Male and female flowers mingled in glomerate or fasciculate clusters in the serratures of the phyllodia; calyx 5-6-parted; staminal column entire or divided, surrounded by as many glands as stamens; anthers transversely de- hiscent; ovules 2 in each ovary-cavity; styles 3, depressed, laciniate or 2-cleft. Fruit capsular. Seedlings, and sometimes shoots from stumps, bear small normal leaves. [Greek, woody-leaf.] About 10 species of the West Indies and Brazil, the following typical. 1. Xylophylla Epiphyllanthus (L.) Britton; Small, Fl. Florida Keys 76. 1913. Xylophylla latifolia L. loc. cit. 1771. Phyllanthus falcatus Sw. Fl. Ind Occ. 1115. 1800. A shrub, .75-2 m. high. Phyllodia subcompressed, scattered or distichous, lanceolate to rhomboid, serrate above, 5-13 cm. long, 0.8-2 cm. broad ; sepals red ; staminal column entire or trifid, anthers subsessile, spreading, the cells distinct, ovoid-globose; styles slender, recurved above, 2-4-fid; capsule sessile, subglobose, about 3 mm. in diameter. Rocky places near the coast, Andros and the Biminis southward to Grand Turk Island : — West Indies. Referred by Dolley to Phyllanthus angustifolius Sw. of .Ta- maica. Abraham-bush. Hardhead. Scino-BUSH. Sword-bush. Races differ widely in size and shape of the phyllodia. Catesby, 2 : pi. 26. 6. PHYLLANTHUS L. Sp. PI. 981. 1753. Annual or biennial herbs. L^eaves alternate, entire, often so arranged as to appear like the leaflets of a compound leaf. Flowers monoecious, apetalous, a siaminate and a pistillate one often together in the axils. Calyx mostly 5-6- parted, the lobes or sepals imbricated. Stamens usually 3. Ovules 2 in each cavity; styles 3, each usually 2-cleft. [Greek, leaf-flower.] Over 50 species, of wide distribution. Type species: FhyUanthiis Niruri L. Stem and branches straight. Seeds longer than broad, evenly ridged. 1. P. Niruri. Seeds as broad as long, unevenly papillate-lined. 2. P. pruinosus. Stem and branches zigzag. 3. P. pentaphyUus. 1. Phyllanthus Niruri L. Sp. PI. 981. 1753. Annual; herbaceous. Leaves distichous, 1.5-2 mm. long, subsessile, obovate- oblong, rounded at the apex or mucronate, glabrous, pale beneath; stipules setaceous, persistent; pedicels axillary, from 1-6 times exceeded by the leaf; EUPHORBIACEAE. 221 calyx-segments 5, ovate; anthers sessile on the top of the column, globose, contiguous; styles short, included; capsule depressed-globose, 2 mm. broad; seeds evenly striated on the back. Sandy nlaces and cultivated grounds from Andros to Turks Islands : — Bermuda ; Florida ; West Indies and continental tropical America ; Old World tropics Gale- OF-WIXD. 2. Phyllanthus pruinosus Poepp.; A. Rich, in Sagra. Hist. Cub. 11: 216. 1850, Phyllanthus saxicola Small, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3: 428. 1905. Annual or perennial^ glabrous; stem 0.5-4 dm. tall, simple or irregularly branched. Leaves relatively numerous, erect or nearly so, leathery, oblong, oblong-obovate or cuneate, 4-12 mm. long, obtuse, entire, bright-green, ?hort- petiolcd; flo^vers very short-pedicelled ; calyx of the female flowers less than 3 mm. wide at maturity its lobes obovate; disk rather angular; capsule spheroidal, barely 2 mm. wide; seeds less than 1 mm. long and nearly as wide, UEevenly papillate-lined. From Great Bahama soutliward to Acklin's Island : — Florida ; Jamaica ; Cuba. Recorded as P. radicans in Field Mus. Bot. 2 : l.iil. Rock Phyllanthus. 3. Phyllanthus pentaphyllus C. Wright; Griseb. Nachr. Ges. Wiss. Goett. 1865: 167. 1865. Annual; stems terete, wiry, slender, nearly prostrate, divaricately branched, zig-zag. Leaves obovate, 8-12 mm. long, the base acute, the apex rounded or obtuse, the margin entire and slightly revolute ; petiole about 1 mm. long; male flowers glomerate, the clusters about 8-12-florous, short-pedicelled ; sepals ovate, obtuse, white; anthers 2; female flowers solitary, pedicellate, the pedicels bisetaceous at the base; sepals not white-margined; styles very short, 2-lobed, recurved; capsule small, depressed, about as long as the fruiting pedicel; seed minutely striate, the faint lines more scaly than papillate. Low sandy meadows, Eleuthera and Mariguana : — Florida ; Cuba. Tufted Phyllaxthus. 7. DRYPETES Vahl, Eclog. 3: 49. 1807. Shrubs or trees. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous; stipules deciduous; flowers axillary, fasciculate, dioecious. Calyx 4-6-partite, its lobes imbricated. Petals none. Stamens 4-6(8-2), distinct; anthers ovoid, introrse. Ovary 2-1-celled its cells 2-ovuled. Fruit drupaceous, usually monospermous by abortion. [Greek, a drupe.] About 10 species, of Florida, the West Indies and Brazil. Type species: Drypetes glauca Vahl. Sepals 4, ovary 2-celled : fruit 6-11 mm. in diameter. 1. D. lateriflora. Sepals 8, ovary 1-celled ; fruit about 2 cm. in diameter. Leaves ovate, mostly blunt. -. D. dircrsii folia. Leaves lanceolate, aristo-mucronate. 3. D. mucronata. 1. Drypetes lateriflora (Sw.) Krug & Urban, Bot. Jahrb. 15: 357. 1892. Schaefferia lateriflora Sw. Prodr. 38. 1788. Shrub, or sometimes a tree 9.5 m. high. Leaves pctiolate, oblong or elliptic, 5-11.5 cm. long, acute or short-acuminate at base and apex, entire, shining, delicately reticulate-veined beneath; flowers in dense axillary clusters; pedicels shorter than the petioles; calyx campanulate; sepal? oblong to ovate, obtuse, pubescent without; stamens 4; drupe subglobose, 6-11 mm. in dia- meter, dark brown, tomentulose. Coppices, Great Harbor Cay, Andros. New Providence. Hog Isl.md, and Caj north of Wide Opening: — Florida; Cuba; llispaniola ; .Tamaica. Guiana Plum. 222 EUPHORBIACEAE. 2. Drypetes diversifolia Krug & Urban, Bot. Jahrb. 15: 353. 1892. Drypetes l-eyensis Krug & Urban, loc. cit. 354. 1892. Tree up to 6 m. liigh; branches terete, grayish, secreting drops of resin in the axils. Leaves of two forms: the lower long-petiolecl, margin spinose- dentate and spinous-acuminate, base rounded ; the upper longer-petioled, margin entire, obtuse or subacuminate, the base rounded or obtuse and slightly protracted down the petiole; all ovate, 7-9 cm. long, 3.2-3.8 cm. broad. Inflorescence few-flowered, the pistillate flowers sometimes solitary; calyx yellowish; sepals oblong or oval, sometimes slightly rhomboid, obtuse, pubes- cent without ; stamens 8 ; stigmas slightly oblique ; drupe broadly oblong or ovoid, 1.9-2.5 cm. long, tomentulose. Coppices, Great Bahama, through the larger Berry Islands to Andros and Cay Sal Bank : New Providence ; Little San Salvador to Watling's Island ; Great Exuma through the Crooked Island Group to Inagua : — Florida Keys. Whitewood. 3. Drypetes mucronata C. Wright; Griseb. Xachr. Ges. Wiss. Goett. 1865: 165. 1865. Shrub 4-5 m. high; branches terete, lenticillate. Leaves petioled, bicol- orate, 3,8-7 cm. long, 2.5-3.2 cm. wide, both surfaces strongly reticulate- veined, the base obtuse or slightly decurrent on the petiole, rarely slightly inequilateral, the apex mucro-spinescent; female flowers subsolitary; male glomerate or fasciculate; calyx of both sexes about 2 mm. long, pubescent within; stamens longer than the calyx; filaments and anthers pubescent; ovary reddish-hairy; fruit globose^ about 2 cm. long, obscurely golden-tomentose. Rocky coppices of Great Bahama and Andros : — Cuba. Sharp-leaved Drypetes. 8. CROTON L. Sp. PI. 1004, 1753. Herbs, shrubs or trees, strong-scented, often stellate-pubescent. Leaves mostly alternate, sometimes with two glands at the base of the blade. Flowers spicate or racemose. Staminate flowers uppermost: calyx 4-6-parted (usually 5-parted) ; petals usually present but small or rudimentary, alternating with glands; stamens 5 or more. Pistillate flowers: calyx 5-10-parted; petals usually wanting; ovary mostly 3-celled; ovule 1 in each cavity; styles once, twice or many times cleft. Fruit capsular. Seeds carunculate. [Greek name of the Castor-oil plant.] Over 600 species, widely distributed. Type species: Croton Tiglium L. A. Leaves entire or dentate ; shrubs. Leaves discolor. Leaves narrowly linear, not over 2 cm. long. 1. C. rosmarinoides. Leaves linear to oblong, 3.5-12 cm. long. 2. C. linearis. Leaves ovate-lanceolate. Leaves stellate beneath. 3. C. ffocculosiis. Leaves silvery lepidote. 4. C. Eluteria. Leaves unicolor. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, glabrous. 5. C. lucidus. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, stipitate-glandular. 6. C. hahamensis. B. Leaves deeply lobed ; herbaceous. 7. C. lohatns. 1. Croton rosmarinoides Millsp. Croton rosmarinifolius Griseb. Xachr. Ges. Wiss. Goett. 1865: 174. 1865. Not Salisb. 1796. A densely branching shrub 1.25-2 m. high. Leaves subsessile, sublinear, rigid, 8-12 mm. long, obtuse, the margin entire and strongly incurved, densely lepidote beneath; stipules obsolete; inflorescence terminal on very short branch- EUPHORBIACEAE. 223 lets. Female flotvers: sepals spatliulate-lanceolat€, obtuse; ovary densely Icpi- dote; styles 4-fid to the middle. Male flowers: petals obovate; stamens 6; filaments villous below. Capsule ellipsoid-globose,) densely lepidote; seeds smooth and shining. Scrub-lands, Cat Island, Great Exuma, Long Island and Atwood Cay : — Cuba. Rosemary Ckoxox. 2. Croton linearis Jacq. Enum. 32. 1760. Croton Cascarilla L. iSp. PI. ed. 2: 1424. 1763.* Croton Cascarilla linearis Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 532. 1805. Croton Cascarilla Benn. Jour. Linn. Soe. 4: 30. As to specimen and descr. 1860. Croton Fergusonii Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 695. 1903. A shrub 1-2 m. high, with yellowish, densely stellate twigs. Leaves short- petiolate, narrowly linear (on young shoots often oblong) 3.8-7 cm. long, 2-6 ram. wide, obtuse, dark and smooth above, silvery or golden with stellate tomentum beneath, narrowing to the biglandular base. Inflorescence racemose, the male 4-8 mm. or more long, the female shorter. Male flowers: sepals 5-6, triangular ; petals spatulate, obtuse, eiliate, longer than the sepals ; stamens about 15. Female flowers: sepals narrow, acuminate; petals obsolete or rudi- mentary. Capsule subglobose, yellowish-floccose; seeds broadly oblong, dark greenish brown, minutely and very shallowly puncticulate, 3 mm. long, 2.8 mm. broad. Coastal rocks and plains throughout the archipelago to Caicos and Turks Islands : — ^Florida ; .Jamaica : Hispaniola. Referred to in Field Mns. Bot. 2 : 152 and by Coker as C. discolor Willd. Lineae-leaa-ed Ckotox. Bay Wormwood. Granny-bush. 3. Croton flocculosus Geisl. Crot. Monog. 14. 1807. A low shrub with yellowish-tomentose branchlets. Leaves long-petioled, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 3.8-10 cm. long, 2-3.5 cm. wide, stellate-scabrous above, stellate-downy beneath, entire, acuminate, the base obtuse, biglandular; glands globose-s'cutelliform, sessile; inflorescence terminal, racemose, 3.5 cm. long; seeds ovoid-lenticular, dark grayish green, scattered shallow-poculate, 2 mm. long, 1 mm. broad. Waste places near Nassau. New Providence: — Hispaniola: Guadeloupe; Mar- tinique; Barbados. Referred by Dolley to C. Havens L., which it resembles. Rock Balsam. 4. Croton Eluteria (L.) Sw. Prodr. 100. 1788. Clutia Eluteria L. Sp. PI. 1042 (ante). 1753. Clutia Cascarilla L. loc. cit. (post). 1753. Croton Cascarilla Benn. loc. cit. 30, as to references.* 1860. A silvery-shining shrub or small tree, 2-4 m. high, with a rich spicy odor; branchlets rusty-lepidote. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, entire or repand, blunt- pointed, long-petioled, 3.2-7.6 cm. long, 12-16 mm. broad near the rounded base, dark and glabrous above, minutely silvery -lepidoie beneath, minutely pellucid-punctate; stipules early deciduous. Inflorescence in terminal racemes 3.7-5 cm. long. Female flowers: petals white, villous on the margin; styles bipartite, the branches 2-fid. Male flowers: stamens 10-12. Seeds oval-oblong, biconvex, opaque, blotched, 8 mm. long, 6 mm. broad. Coppices, becoming scarce, Great Harbor Cay of the Berry Group southward to Mariguana. Endemic. Cascarilla Bark. Swee.twood Bark. Electhera Bark, Catesby, 2 : pi. 1,6. * For a detailed consideration of Croton Cascarilla see Field Mus. Bot. 2 : .S(»(>-S. 224 EUPHORBIACEAE. 5. Croton lucidus L. Syst. ed. 10, 1275. 1759. Croton Hjahnarsonii Griseb. Fl. Br, W. I. 40. 1859. Croton lucidus pubigerus Griseb. loc. cit. 1859. A broad shrub 1.5-2 m. high; branehlets glabrous or glabrescent. Leaves elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, 5-15 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide, glabrous or pubes- cent, minutely pellucid-punctate, entire, narrowing to a roundish base and apex; petiole about one-fourth the length of the blade; stipules ephemeral. Inflores- cence in terminal racemes. Male flowers : sepals ovate, imbricative, much smaller than those of the female, ciliate on the margin; female flowers: calyx- lobes oblong, blunt, margin reduplicate, somewhat persistent at the base; styles 4-partite, the branches bifid to near the base. Seeds ovoid-oblong, shin- ing, flattish on the ventrum, the dorsum convex. Rocky thickets and openings, througtiout the archipelago from Great Sturrup Cay south to Grand Turk Island : — Cuba ; Porto Rico ; Jamaica and the Caymans. Croton glahellnm of Schoepf. Fiee-bush. An examination of the type, and many specimens, indicates that C. Hjahnarsonii is but a race of this species which develops many interspersing races, differing in the size of the leaves and in pubescence, both in Jamaica and in the Bahamas. 6. Croton bahamensis Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 308. 1909. A shrub 1-2 m. high with a peppery odor; branehlets white stellate- tomentose. Leaves lanceolate, 3-7 cm. long, 7-17 mm. broad, acuminate, mucronate, base slightly oblique and rounded, with 2 patellate glands, green above and equidistantly stellate-pubescent, densely stellate-pubescent beneath, the margin subentire or crenate-dentate with stipitate glands in the sinuses; stipules fimbriate and stipitate-glandular. Inflorescence in dense terminal racemes. Female flowers: calyx-segments oblong, stellate-pilose; styles 4-fid to the base and villous with moniliform hairs. Male flowers: calyx non- glandulif erous ; petals white, cymbiform, the apex minutely fimbriate; stamens 35-50. Capsule globose, deeply sulcate. glabrous below but long-pilose in the sulci and at the apex; seeds brownish black, the rugae rib-like. Open pastures and in thickets bordering openings, Eleuthera and Long Island to Mariguana. Endemic. Referred to in Field Mus. Bot. 2 : 153, and by Hitchcock as C. humUis L. ; by Grisebach and by Dolley as C. humilis origanifoUiis. Bahama Ceotox. Peppee-bush. 7. Croton lobatus L. Sp. PI. 1005. 1753. A low herb, 3-6 dm. high, the branches and branehlets pilose, the longer hairs simple. Leaves membranous, 3-5-lobed, glabrous, papillate, the segments elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, serrate; petioles nearly as long as the blades. Female flowers: calyx-lobes spathulate-lanceolate, glandulif erous and with a few long acicular hairs; styles free or nearly so, 3-8-fid at the apex. Male flowers: sepals glabrous; petals lanceolate. Capsule globose-ellipsoid, the cocci with a number of scattered acicular hairs; seeds ochre-color, quadrangular- cylindric, 5 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, the dorsum apiculate at the caruncle, all the facets marked by incomplete and more or less transverse ridges. Adventitious in waste places, New Providence, near Nassau : — West Indies ; con- tinental tropical America. Lobed Ceotox. Schoepfs record of Croton argentcum L., as Bahamian, is, presumably, erro- neous. 9. CtJRCAS Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 356. 1763. Glabrous or nearly glabrous trees or shrubs with petioled, lobed or entire leaves, and monoecious flowers in compound or simple cymes. Calyx 5-lobed or 5-parted. Corolla gamopetalous, the petals united to or above the middle. I^tamens about 10, in 2 series. Ovary 2-3-celled; ovules 1 in each cavity. Fruit a capsule, splitting into 2 or 3 valves. [Malabar name.] Perhaps 10 species, natives of tropical regions, the following typical. EUPHORBIACEAE. 225 1. Curcas Curcas (L.) Britton & Millspaugh. Jatroplia Curcas L. Sp. PL 1006. 1753. Curcas indica A. Eich. in Sagra, Hist. Cub. 11: 208. 1850. A small tree or sometimes shrubby, 2-5 m. high. Leaves subcordate, roundish, angular or obsoletely 3-5-lobed, glabrous or glabrate, the petiole about as long as the blade; stipules deciduous; infloresoenco in contracted cymes; calyx 5-partite; corolla yellow, 5-partJte, villous within, twice as long as the calyx; stamens 10-15; styles bifid, cohering below; capsule oval, slightly fleshy, 3-4 cm. long; seeds oblong, nearly 2 em. long. Waste grounds, New Providence : — Bermuda ; West Indies ; continental tropical America ; Old World tropics. 10. ADENOROPIUM Pohl, PI. Bras. 1: 12. 1827. Monoecious or rarely dioecious perennial herbs, or shrubs, with entire lobed or divided leaves, the flowers in cymes. Staminate flowers on the upper parts of the cymes, with a corolla-like 5-lobed calyx, 5 distinct petals, the stamens usually several or numerous. Pistillate flowers in the lower forks of the cymes; capsule ovoid or subglobose, easily separating into 2-valved carpels. [Greek, glandular bush.] Eighty species or more of tropical and subtropical distribution. Type species: Adenoroyium elUpticum Pohl. 1. Adenoropium gossypifolium (L.) Pohl, PI. Bras. 1: 16. 1827. Jatroplia gossypifolia L. Sp. PL 1006. 1753. Herbaceous; stem 6-10 dm. high, branched. Leaves ciliate or glanex, black and shining, minutely shallow-punctate, 5 X ^-^ n^'"- Coppices of Andros and New I'rovidonoo : — Cul)a. Peha. lii.ACK Khony. 230 EUPHORBIACEAE. 17. RICINUS L. Sp. PL 1007. 1753. A tall stout monoecious lierb, glabrous and glaucous, with alternate large peltate palmately lobed leaves, and numerous small apetalous greenish flowers in terminal racemes, the pistillate above the staminate. Staminate flowers with a 3-5-parted calyx, the segments valvate, and numerous crowded stamens; filaments repeatedly branched. Pistillate flowers with a caducous calyx. Cap- sule subglobose, or oval, separating into 3, 2-valved carpels. Endosperm fleshy and oily. [Latin name of the plant.] A monotypic genus. 1. Ricinus communis L. Sp. PI. 1007. 1753. Stem erect, 1-5 m. tall, more or less branched, becoming tree-like in warm regions. Leaves nearly orbicular in outline, 1-6 dm. broad, 6-11-palmately lobed and peltate, the lobes toothed, acute or acuminate; capsule 12-16 mm. in diameter, usually spiny; seeds shining, smooth, black, variegated with white, or mottled with gray and brown markings. Adventitious in waste places on New Providence and Cat Islands: — Bermuda; North Carolina to Florida, Texas and Mexico ; West Indies ; continental tropical America. Native of the Old World tropics. Castor-oil Plant. 18. MANIHOT Adans. Fam. PL 2: 356. 1763. Monoecious herbs or shrubs of vigorous growth, generally with glaucous glabrous leaves. Leaves alternate, the blades entire or palmately 3-7-lobed, the segments membranous or leathery, entire or lobed. Flowers apetalous, in branched racemes, the staminate with a calyx of 5 partially united sepals; stamens 10, in 2 series; filaments slender, those of the inner series attached to the lobes of the disk; anthers opening lengthwise. Pistillate flowers with a calyx similar to that of the staminate but the tube often shorter; ovary 3- celled; styles 3, slightly united at the base; ovules solitary in each cell. Cap- sule 3-celled; seeds solitary in each carpel. [Name Brazilian.] About 80 species of South America, the following typical. 1. Manihot Manihot (L.) Cockerell, Bull. Torr. Club 19: 95. 1892. JatropJia Maniliot L. Sp. PL 1007. 1753. Herbaceous; stems 0.8-1.5 m. high, more or less branched. Leaves 3-7- parted, the segments linear to elliptic or slightly broadest ahove the middle, acute or acuminate, entire; petiole about as long as the blade or longer; bracts shorter than the pedicels; calyx campanulate, 6-8 mm. long, its lobes ovate, obtuse, about as long as the tube; calyx of the pistillate flowers with a shorter tube than that of the staminate. Reappearing after cultivation, Andros and Eleuthera : — Widely cultivated and more or less persistent in tropical and subtropical regions. Native of South Amer- ica. Cassava. 19. BONANIA A. Eich. in Sagra, Hist. Cuba 11: 201. 1850. Low glabrous shrubs with alternate coriaceous leaves and axillary spicate monoecious flowers. Leaves short-petioled, small, entire or glandular-dentate or serrate. Disk none. Male flowers 3 from each bract, subsessile; calyx membranous, the margin truncate or broadly and slightly 2-3-lobed. Stamens 2 (rarely 3); filaments free, short; anthers small^ the cells dis- EUPHORBIACEAE. 231 tinct, ovoid, parallel-contiguous; rudimentary ovary none. Female flowers solitary at the base of the spike, sessile or pedicelled; calyx 3-fid; ovary 3-celled; styles 3, distinct or slightly connate at the base, slender, recurved- spreading, entire; ovule 1 in each cell. Capsule globose; cocci 2-valved; seeds globose, estrophiolate. [Commemorates Sebastian Bonani.] About G species of Cuba and the Bahamas. Type species: Bonania cuhana A. Rich. 1. Bonania cubana A. Rich, in Sagra, Hist. Cub. 11: 201, ph 68. 1850. Excoecaria cuhana Muell. Arg. Linnaea 32: 122. 1863. A much branched shrub about 2 m. high with shining leathery glabrous leaves. Leaves 12-18 X 6-11 mm., ovate, obtuse, sometimes slightly emargi- nate, distinctly nerved, glandular-crenate; petioles short; stipules ovate; male spikes 12-16 mm. long, slender; bracts 1-3-flowered; calyx sessile, about 1 mm. long, urceolate, its lobes short, entire; anthers subincluded; capsule flattened- globose, smooth, slightly 3-sulcate; seed globular, grayish, 3 mm. in diameter, smooth, flecked with a few minute, scarcely perceptible, yellowish markings. Thickets, coppices and rocky plains, Andros, New Providence, Eleuthera, Cat Island, Great Exuma and Long Island : — Cuba. Boxania. 20. HIPPOMANE L. Sp. PI. 1191. 1753. Trees with glabrous leaves and acrid poisonous milky juice. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, with rather long petioles. Flowers in terminal monoe- cious amentaceous spikes, the rachis stout, the male above the female in clusters of 8-15, subtended by 2-glandular bracts; calyx membranous, 2-3- lobed; stamens 2-3, exserted; filaments more or less united; anthers erect, extrorse. Female flowers: calyx ovoid, 3-parted, closely surrounding the ovary and furnished with several glands; ovary 6-8-celled, sessile; styles 6-8, re- curved, stigmatic on the inner surface; ovules 1 in each cell, pendulous, anatropous. Drupe slightly 6-8-ridged, variegated, the pulp milky, the endo- carp bony, 6-8-celled; seeds elongated, flattened. [Greek, horse-poison. J A monotypic genus. 1. Hippomane Mancinella L. Sp. PI. 1191. 1753. An evergreen tree 4-20 m. high. Leaves shining, glabrous, thii-kish. ovate or oval, 4-10 cm. long, blunt or somewhat narrowed at the base, acute or short-acuminate, undulate or slightly shallow-serrate; principal veins at nearly right angles to the midrib; veinlets delicately reticulate; petioles slender, somewhat shorter, or at times longer, than the blades; stipules 4-S mm. long; bracts broader than long, crenulate ; male calyx with 3 unequal acute lobes; female calyx of ovate or orbicular sepals; drupe spheroidal when fresh, 2.5-3.5 cm. in diameter, yellowish; nut depressed, often bearing numerous grouped thorn-like projections. Rocky coppices and white-lands, Abaco, Andros, Great Guana Cny. Atwood Cay. Fortune Island, Inagua, Providenciales and Anguilla Islands: — Florida: Wost Indies; Mexico and continental tropical America. Manchionicei.. Catesby, 2: pi. 95. 21. GRIMMEODENDRON Urban, Symb. Ant. 5: 397. 1908. Glabrous trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, petiolate, crenate-serrate. Inflorescence in terminal monoecious spikes; flowers apetalous; disk none. Male flowers: calyx 3-lobed or 3-fid, membranous, the lobes valvate; stamens 3; 232 EUPHORBIACEAE. filaments coalescent near the apex of the column; anthers exserted beyond the calyx, their sacs ovoid, longitudinally contiguous and dehiscent; rudimentary ovary absent. Female flowers: calyx 3-fid; ovary 3-celled; styles coalescent below, patent above^ thick, undivided at the apex. Capsule spherical or de- pressed, ses-sile, 3-sulcate. Seeds ovate-globose. [Greek, Grimm's tree.] Two known species, the following typical, the other endemic in Jamaica. 1. Grimmeodendron eglandulosum (A. Eich.) Urban, Symb. Ant. 5: 398. 1908. Stillingia eglandulosa A. Eich. in Sagra, Hist. Cub. 11: 202. 1850. Excaecaria Sagraei Muell. Arg. Linnaea 32: 121. 1863. Excaecaria eglandulosa Muell. Arg.; DC. Prodr. 15: 1209. 1866. A shrub or a tree up to 8 m. high. Leaves shining, oblong to oblong-lance- olate, 3-8 X 1-2.5 cm., base obtuse or narrowed to the mostly 2-glandular petiole, apex bluntly pointed, "margin subserrulate with hooked-spinous teeth; male flowers 2 or 3 ; capsule 5-7 X 8-9 mm. ; seeds ovoid-globose, 4 X 3.2 mm., cinnamon-brown, marked with dark brown blotches and points. Low coppices. Andros, New Providence, Great Exuma and Watling's Island : — Cuba. Poison Bush. 22. GYMNANTHES Sw. Prodr. 95. 1788. Evergreen trees or shrubs with glabrous leaves and milky juice, the leaves alternate. Flowers monoecious or rarely dioecious, the male in slender axillary bracteolate racemes, the female solitary, long-peduncled, arising from the axils with the male ; perianth rudimentary or lacking. Stamens 2 or 3 ; filaments distinct or united at the base, subtended by the rudimentary perianth of 3, scale-like parts. Styles 3, recurved. Capsule 3-carpelled; seeds pendulous, the testa membrano-crustaceous. [Greek, naked flower.] About 12 species, of tropical America. Type species: Gymnanthes elliptica Sw. 1. Gymnanthes lucida Sw\ Prodr. 96. 1788. Excoecaria lucida Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 2: 1122. 1800. An evergreen shrub or tree often 10 m. high. Leaves petioled, glabrous, coriaceous, oblong or lanceolate-spatulate, 5-11 cm. long, narrowed at the base, shining above, the margin undulate and generally obscurely toothed near the apex; racemes shorter than the leaves, continuous; bracts reniform; stamens 2 or 3, subtended by bractlets; female flowers solitary on curved peduncles somewhat shorter than the racemes; ovary stipitate; capsule depressed, about 1 cm. broad ; carpels rounded ; seeds ovoid, 5x4 mm., gray, striped longi- tudinally with fine golden-brown lines of irregular width and form. Coppices, from Allen's Cay throughout the archipelago to Inagua and Atwood Cay : — Florida and the West Indies. Cbab-wood. 23. HURA L. Sp. PI. 1008. 1753. Large glabrous trees with milky juice, and large many-carpelled, flattened- globose fruits, the broad cordate leaves shining, biglandular above the base of the blade. Inflorescence monoecious^ in terminal, oval or oblong, long-peduncled spikes; male flowers densely imbricated above, the female at the base or in the inferior axils. Calyx cupulif orm, irregularly toothed ; staminate column cen- tral, bearing below its vertieillate projections an indefinite number of sessile EUPIIORBIACEAE. 233 extrorse anthers. Style simple, infundibuliform at the apex; stigma mauy- lobed, with hanging s-ubulate branches. Capsule deeply sulcate into many cocci; seeds rounded, compressed. [Aboriginal name.] Two or three fcpecies of tropical America, the following typical. 1. Hura crepitans L. Sp. PI. 1008. 1753. A high, umbrageous tree, the trunk and branches often prickly. Leaves variable in shape, roundish, about 5-7 cm. in diameter, cordate at the base, abruptly acuminate, serrate or subentire, the blade often shorter than the petiole; stipules linear-lanceolate, pubescent; ajithers usually 1-3-seriate; stigma large, violet-red; capsule concave at both ends, splitting noisily when ripe and dry, 7-8 cm. broad, 3-4 cm. high. Planted in Nassau, New Providence, and perhaps spontaneous after cultivation : — ^Yest Indies and Mexico to tropic America. .Sandhox-timci;. 24. PEDILANTHUS Poit. Ann. Mus. Paris 19: 390. ISI'2. Shrubs with fleshy branches and milky juice, alte'rnate leaves with the midrib thickened beneath (rarely leafless), glandular stipules (if present), op- posite floral leaves, and cymose terminal or axillary involucres. Involucres oblique, shoe-shaped, the tube more or less fissured superiorly and notched inferiorly at the bilabiate apex or throat, with 2 lateral and 1 median accessory lobes more or less closing the fissure, the tube bearing an appendix on the superior side of its posterior extremity. Appendix gibbous and interiorly glandular, its lip notched or 2-3-lobed and extending anteriorly above the posterior end of the fissure of the tube. Flowers pedicellate, the male numerous, ecalyculate, sometimes with linear bracteoles at the base; female single with the long style finally protruding and generally declinate from the throat of the tube; stigmas 3, connate, often separate at the apex and frequently 2-lobcd. Seeds ecarunculate. [Greek, slipper-flower. J About 30 species. Type species: Eiiphorhia tithymaloides L. Leafy; appendix 4-gIandular. 1. P. iithinnaloiiles. Leafless; appendix 2-glandular. -. 1'. hdhamcnsis. 1. Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poit. Ann. Mus. Pari? 19: 390. 1S12. Euphorbia tithymaloides L. Sp. PI. 453. 1753. Branched, 1.2-1.8 m. high; leaves glabrous, subsessile, cuneate at the base, ovate or oblong, 3.5-7.5 cm. long, apex acute often recurved, margin subundu- late, the mid-vein prominently undulate-carinate beneath. Cymes terminal, dense; floral leaves ovate, long-acuminate, slightly longer than the peduncles, early deciduous; involucres purple, 1.1-1.3 cm. long; tube thin, smooth; appendix 4-glandular the lobe linear short; male pedicels hairy, the female glabrous; style shortly bifid; capsule 7.5 mm. long, 9 mm. broad, truncate at base and apex; cocci keeled; seeds ovate, 5 mm. long. Waste places and in coppices, Andros and Cat Island: — Florida; West Indies; Mexico; Central and Caribbean South America. Si.h'1m:u-1'L.\.nt. Fidplk-klowkii. 2. Pedilanthus bahamensis Mills-p. Field Mus. Dot. 2: 359. 1913. Glabrous, 1-1.5 m. high, leafless, irregularly branched, the branches gray, roughened with trans\^ers€ ridges. Inflorescence terminal ; bracts cucullate, one third to one quarter the length of the peduncles; involucres about 9 mm. long, 16 234 EUPHORBIACEAE. puberulent; madder-lake in color ; inferior cleft of the tube shallow, the superior fissure open half the length of the tube; main lobes blunt, finely erose-lacerate, the two lateral lobes minute, free only at the apex, the fifth lobe flabelliform, free half its length; anthers glabrous; female pedicel puberulent; style very slightly trifid; appendix narrow, about one half the length of the tube, sarcous, usually sigmoid^ the lobe blunt, slightly notched, strongly gibbous at the base; glands 2, stipitate; capsule flattened-globose ; seeds trigonal, olivaceous, the dorsal angle quite prominent, apiculate and with a minute raised pimple at the apex, 3 X 2.5 mm. Stony floor of scrub-lands, Deep Creek, Andros, Atwood Cay, Acklin's Island, Inagua, South Caicos and Grand Turk to Salt Cay. Endemic. Bahama Fiddle- flower. MONKEV-FIDDLB. 25. ADENORIMA Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 112. 1838. Trees with thick branches- and profuse thick milky juice. Leaves clustered at the ends of the branches, entire. Cymes corymbose, terminal and super- axillary. Involucres large; glands 4, on the outer wall of the involucre below its lip. Styles more or less connate below, bifid into long branches, the apices rarely thickened. Capsule 3-coccus; seeds smooth, ecarunculate. [Greek, gland-pit.] Fifteen species, or more, of the West Indies and Mexico. Type species: Euphorbia punicea Sw. 1. Adenorima gymnonota (Urban) Millsp. Euphorbia gymnonota Urban, Symb. Ant. 5: 396. 1908. Euphorbiodendron gymnonotum Millsp. Field. Mus. Bot. 2: 305. 1909. A tree, 6-6.5 m. high, the branches fleshy, dichotomous. Leaves alternate, linear-oblanceolate, 4-8 X .8-1. .4 cm., entire, membranous, narrowed to the sessile base, the apex rounded-mucronate or aeute-mucronate; inflorescence 5-7- flowered, terminal; bracts crimson, ovate; involucre urceolate, the margin entire or sparingly crenate-dentate; glands 4, ovate to ovate-oblong, vertically placed at or just above the middle of the tube, exappendiculate, fleshy, concave; style short, 3-fid; capsule 3-angled, smooth; seed globose, gray, 4 mm. in diameter, the outer gray coat broken through in places revealing the inner dark, irregular markings. Margins of thickets, Watling's Island, Crooked, Fortune and Acklin's Islands ; Little and Great Inagua ; South Caicos ; Ambergris Cay. Endemic. Referred to in various Bahama publications as Eupliorhia punicea Sw. Bahama Adexorima. 26. EUPHORBIA Linn. Sp. PI. 450. 1753. Cactus-like shrubs with thick fleshy, generally angular stems, and few reduced true leaves or none. Leaves and stipules generally represented by spines but often by small or minute caducous bracts. Cymes lateral or terminal, sub- sessile, often few-flowered or even single-flowered; involucres subtended by dilated bractlets; glands of the involucre entire, exappendiculate. Capsules thick, often ligneous; seeds ecarunculate. [Commemorates Euphorbus, King Juba's physician.] About 30 species, of the Old World. Type species: Euphorbia antiquorum L. 1. Euphorbia lactea Haw. Syn. PI. Succ. 127. 1812. A tall, dark-green, many-branched, spinous milky-juiced shrub, 2-5 m. high, the branches 3-angled, the faces 3-8 cm. broadj plano-convex, the angles EUPHORBIACEAE. 235 repand-dentate, compressed on the margin ; spines short, thick, divergent, 4—6 mm. long. Widely established in many places, often forming dense thickets, New I'lvni- dence, Cat Island, Watling's, Long Island and Inagua : — Florida; West Indies; Mexico. Natnralized from India and the Moluccas. Referred by Hitchcock and Mrs. Northrop to Euphoihia antiquoiuiu L. Mottled SruKca;. 27. AETHROTHAMNUS Kl. & Gke. Monats. Akad. Berlin 1859: 251. 1S.j9. Leafless, shrubby f)lauts Avith jointed branches. Involucres not suVjtended by dilated bractlets. Leaves reduced to opposite sessile scales glandular on both surfaces; stipules none. Involucres minutej terminal, campanulate, dioe- cious, minutely bibracteate at the base. Glands transverse, thick, orbicular or semiorbicular, spreading, plane, entire. Bracteoles plumose. Styles 3, bifid, revolute. Seeds ovate-tetragonal, scrobiculate. [Greek, jointed bush.] About 10 species, of tropical America and southern Africa. Type species: Euphorbia Tirncalli L. 1. Arthrothamnus cassythoides (Boiss.) Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 30G. 1909. Eupliorbia cassythoides Boiss. Cent. Euph. 20. 1860. Plant 1-2 m. high, the branches white-barked, verticillate below, dichotomous above; branches Avith internodes 8-15 cm. long and 6-7-angle(l, the nodes gummy. Cymes terminal, dichotomous; involucres produced between small thick triangular braotlets ; tube short-campanulate, glabrous within ; lobes triangular-ovate, 4-5-dentatej hairy; glands fleshy; styles short, hairy, bilobate at the apex; capsule ovoid; cocci subcarinate; seeds white, each facet 2-3- foveolate. Sandy soil near Deep and Fresh Creeks, Andros : — Cuba. Leafless Ctban Spurge. 28. TITHYMALUS [Tourn.] Adans. Fam. 2: 355. 1763. Annual or perennial milky herbs or shrubby plants with simple or branched stems topped by several-rayed cyme-like umbels. Leaves below the umbel scattered or alternate, estipulate, often broadened upward; bracts of the lunbel quite different from the stem-leaves, entire or toothed. Involucres sessile or peduncled, the lobes often toothed ; glands 4, transversely oblong and appearing reniform by the cornuate extremities or appendages. Capsule Fmooth or tuberculate; cocci rounded or more or less carinate. Seeds variously pitted, often carunculate. [Greek, referring to the milky juice.] About 250 species, of wide geograjDhic distribution. Type species: Euphorbia dcndroidcs L. 1. Tithymalus trichdtomus (H.B.K.) Kl. & Gke. :\ronats. Aka.l. Berlin 1860: 81. 1860. Euphorbia tricliotoma H.B.K. Nov. Gen. 2: 60. 1817. Perennial, glabrous. Stem commonly branched and more or less woo.ly at the base, the branches erect or ascending, 1-4 dm. tall, widely forking above. Leaves numerous, rather approximate, small, thickish, cuneate to oblong, obtuse or acutish, 5-12 mm. long, minutely erosc when mature; inflorescence trioh- otomous; involucres campanulate, sessile or nearly so, 2 mm. long; glands reniform, 1 mm. long, yellow; capsule tricoccous, the cocci rounded; Feeds white, globose, 2 mm. in diameter, smooth; caruncle thin, circular. Coastal sands. Allen's Cay, Great Bahama and Andros : — Florida ; Cul>a : the Cayman Islands. Forking Spurge. 236 EUPHORBIACEAE. 29. POINSETTIA E. Graham, Edin. N. Phil. Jour. 20: 412. 1836. Herbs, rarely shrubs, the inflorescence clustered at the tips of the branches, often subtended by highly colored leaves, the leaves alternate below, opposite above, the blades similar throughout or very various in form. Involucral lobes fimbriate; glands sarcous, concave, saucer-, cup- or goblet-shaped, solitary or rarely 3 or 4, marginal, exappendiculate. Capsule exserted, its cocci rounded; seed narrowed upward, generally tuberculate, ecarunculate or with a mere in- dication of a caruncular body. [In honor of Joel Roberts Poinsette of South Carolina.] About 12 species, mostly American. Type species: Eupliorbia pidcherrima Willd. 1. Poinsettia heterophylla (L.) Kl. & Gke. Monats. Akad. Berlin 1859: 253. 1859. Euphorbia heterophylla L. Sp. PI. 453. 1753. Euphorbia havanensis Willd. ; Boiss. in DC. Prodr. 15 : 73, as synonym. 1862. Euphorbia gramini folia Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 210. 1803. Annual or perennial, bright green, pubescent or nearly glabrous, mostly erect, 3-10 dm. tall, woody below; branches ascending or the lower often spreading, leafy at the ends. Leaves various even on the same stem, from linear through all shapes to orbicular, entire, dentate, sinuate or even panduri- f orm ; involucre-lobes ovate or oblong, laciniate ; gland 1, sessile, exappendicu- late; seeds ovoid-oblong,' pointed, grayish, 2.8 X ~ mm,, minutely and irregularly tuberculate in more or less transverse lines. Good soil of grassy places and cultivated fields, Abaco and Great Bahama south- ward to Grand Turk : — Bermuda ; Illinois to Montana and southward through the American tropics ; ^Yest Indies. Jacob's Ladder. Governor Grant's Livery. 30. AKLEMA Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 114. 1838. Shrubby or rarely herbaceous, the branches jointed. Leaves equilateral, entire, penninerved, euneate at the base, ternate or verticillate (sometimes opposite), long-petioled ; stipules glanduliform. Cymes axillary and terminal, corymbose or paniculate (rarely reduced to a single involucre), the terminal involucres generally hermaphrodite, often many-flowered; glands of the invo- lucre appendiculate ; bracteoles between the male flowers numerous, plumose. Capsule depressed, deeply trisulcate; seeds irregularly scrobiculate, ecaruncu- late. [Greek, not explained.] A few species of tropical America. Type species: Euphorbia nudiflora Jacq. 1. Aklema petiolare (Sims) Millsp. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2: 43. 1915. Euphorbia petiolaris Sims, Bot. Mag. pi. 883. 1805. Alectoroctonum petiolare Kl. & Gke. Monats. Akad. Berlin 1859: 248. 1859. Shrubby or tree-like and 7 m. high, the branches glabrous, swollen at the nodes. Leaves ternate, ovate or orbicular, 1-1.5 cm. long, truncate or abnost peltate at the base, obtuse or slightly emarginate, entire, the petiole slender, twice or more the length of the blade ; inflorescence subtrifloral, shorter than the leaves; involucres long-pedicelled (6-10 mm.), hemispheric, smooth; lobes ovate, short-fimbriate ; glands transverse, ovate, stipitate; styles divaricate, bifid, not thickened at the apex; capsule smooth; cocci obtusely carinate; EUPHORBIACEAE. 2M seeds ovoid-globose, 3 X ---^ mm., painted, v>hite, foveolate ^vith numerous large S'hallow irregular pits. In a sisal field on South ("aicos Island: — Ilispanidla ; Mona : I'(irt<> Ulco; Culebra ; Vieques; St. Thomas: St. Jan; St. Martin; Ane^ada ; Tortijla ; Martinitiue and Tobago. Broad-leaved Spurge. 31. CHAMAESYCE S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. PI. 2: 200. 1,S21. Annual or perennial herbs or shrubs, the stems often diffuse at the base; the branches prostrate or ascending, forking. Leaves opposite, inequilateral, more or less oblique at the base, entire or toothed ; stipules minute, entire or lacerate. Inflorescence solitary or capitulate, axillary and terminal ; involucre toothed, glandular on the margin; glands 4, naked or appendaged (the 5th gland represented by a s'ulcus in the margin of the involucral tube). Capsule more or less globose, 3-coccous, the cocci sharply angled or rounded; seeds minute, ovoid or elongated-ovoid, more or less quadrangular, the facets smooth or transversely ridged. [Greek, ground fig.] About 225 species, widely dis- tributed. Type species: Chamaesyce maritima S. F. Gray. Suffrutescent ; leaves thick, mostly entire. Leaves ovate to elliptic or oblong. Inflorescence terminal-axillary ; plants glabrous. 1. C. huxifalia. Inflorescence throughout the upper axils. Leaves glabrous. Leaves entire. Stipules deltoid, acicular-bristled. 2. C. WHsoni. Stipules not bristled. 3. C. Icchcoides. Leaves dentate. Stipules broad, fimbriate-ciliate. 4. C. insulac-aalis. Stipules narrow, entire, aristate. 5. C. cxumcn.tis. Leaves densely tomentose. G. C. catfcnsis. Leaves canescent. entire. 7. C. Bracci. Leaves linear or narrowly oblong. Leaves 2-4 cm. long, involucres peduncled. S. C. artirulata. Leaves 8-12 mm. long, involucres sessile. 9. C. vayinulata. Herbaceous ; leaves thin, mostly serrate. Leaves glabrous. Inflorescence clustered ; leaves oblong, acute, sharply serrate. Leaves broadly falcate; seeds red. 10. C. hi/pcririfoliti. Leaves narrowly falcate: seeds black. 11. C. bratiilittisi!^. Inflorescence solitary ; leaves ovate, blunt, dentate or entire. Capsule glabrous. 12. C. Dlodfjvttii. Capsule hairy on the angles. 13. C. prostrata. Leaves hairy. Inflorescence clustered. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, sharp-serrate, acute. 14. C. hirtn. Leaves ovate, crenate-dontate, obtuse. 1"). C. licrtvriana. Inflorescence solitarv : leaves orbicular to elliptic, en- tire or apically denticulate. !»'•• C. lirittonit. 1. Chamaesyce buxifolia (Lam.) Small, Fl. SE. U. S. TIL 1903. Euphorbia huxifoUa Lam. Encyc. 2: 421. 1788. Low, generally erect, glabrous, shrubby, fleshy, 2-5 dm. high; branches usually many. Leaves glabrous, thick, wrinkling in drying, ovate or broadly oblong, 8-12^nm. long, obliquely siibcordate at the base, acutish, margin entire, involute; petioles about 1 mm.; involucres campanulate, about 1.5 mm., a^ long as the peduncles or shorter; glands transver.soly oblong; api)endagos a mere whitish bordering line; capsule broad, glabrous; seeds- white, ovoi.l-quadrang- ular, somewhat apiculate, 1.2x1 mm-i the angles very blunt; facets very shallowly broad-pitted by indistinct and irregularly anastomosing transverse ridges. Maritime sands throughout the archipelago : — Bermuda ; Florida ; coasts of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. Coast SrritGE. 238 EUPHORBIACEAE. 2. Chamaesyce Wilsonii Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 301. 1909. Prostrate, spreading, matted, purplish-cinereous; branches densely num- erous, wiry, divaricate. Leaves small, fleshy, ovate, 2-4 X 1-5-2.5 mm., ob- liquely aurieulate-cordate at the base, obtuse, the margin entire; petioles very short; stipules deltoid, stiff-ciliate ; involucres solitary in the upper fork- ings, cylindric-campanulate, short-pedicellate, the tube glabrous without, densely crisped-pilose within; lobes aristate; glands 4, orbicular, convex, the fifth represented by a large, triangular lobe; appendages rudimentary; styles short; stigmas bilobed; capsule ovoid; cocci slightly carinate; seeds white, ovoid-quadrangular, 1 X •''^ mm., angles comparatively sharp, facets indistinctly marked by low irregular transverse ridges. White-lands of Castle Island and Grand Turk. Endemic. Wilson's Spurge. 3. Chamaesyce lecheoides Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 301. 1909. Euphorbia lecheoides Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 163. 1906. Erect, shrubby, slender,, profusely branching, grayish farinose, perennial, 2-3 dm. high; branches diffuse, dichotomous, the inferior internodes about 1 cm. long, the upj)er branchlets virgate, wiry. Leaves short-petioled, deltoid- ovate, triangular-ovate or elliptic, 2.5-o X 1-2.5 mm., abruptly attenuate at the apex, the margin thickened and revolute; stipules broadly ovate, stiff- ciliate; involucres siolitary, turbinate, short-pedicellate, the tube glabrous without, barbellate at the throat within; lobes triangular, acute, ciliate; glands dark, flattened, orbicular, the face pock-marked; appendages minute, fleshy, or obsolete; stigmas bifurcate to the middle; filaments barbellate; capsule glabrous; seeds reddish-brown, ovoid-quadrangular (the ventral angle indistinct), apiculate, .8 X -5 mm., the facets indistinctly transversely rugose. Scrub-lands of the southwest extremity of Watling's Island, Mariguana, Inagua, South Caicos and Griind Turk to Salt Cay. Endemic. Pix-weed Spurge. 4. Chamaesyce insulae-salis Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 395. 1914. Perennial, erect, 7-10 cm. high, from a densely nodular rootstock; branches densely tufted, wiry, glabrous, the internodes 1.5-2 cm. long. Inflo- rescence solitary, terminal and terminal-axillary ; leaves opposite, sarcous, glabrous, 2-4 X 1.5-3 mm., marked only by the thickish midrib, subcordate, acute, entire or in the lowermost indistinctly denticulate, petioles about 1 mm. often with a tuft of ciliae between the base and the stipule; stipules of many forms from deltoid and entire through lanceolate, bifid, and lance-aristate to a mere tuft of ciliae ; involucres campanulate, sessile or nearly so, the outer surface smooth, the inner densely woolly; lobes triangular-aristate, densely woolly on the inner recurved surface ; glands transversely oval ; appendages greenish white, entire or nearly po, about the width of the glands; styles bifid to half their length; capsule glabrous, strongly tricoccous; seed ovoid-quad- rangular, 1 X •''^ mm., white, acute, the angles sharp (except the ventral), facets smooth or with a few irregular indistinct ridges. Sands of Salt Cay (Cay Sal Bank), Endemic. Cay Sal Spurge,. 5. Chamaesyce exumensis Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 301. 1909. Perennial, 3 dm.-1.5 m. high, purplish- or greenish-cinereous; stem erect or reclinate-prostrate ; branches strict, denuded below, the nodes somewhat swollen ; branchlets subtenuous, divaricate. Leaves thick, ovate, .8-1.1 X •^"•S mm., short-petioled, obliquely cordate, obtuse or acutish, entire or slightly and remotely dentate near the apex; stipules aristate; involucres terminal and in the upper forkings, turbinate, short-pedicellate, glabrous without, densely barbellate within; lobes triangular, setaceous at the apex; glands 4 (the fifth represented by a larger involucral lobe), ovate, plane; appendages white. EUPHORBIACEAE. 239 entire; stamens 5; filaments eristate-barbellate at the base; styles short, deeply bifid; capsule ovoid; cocci acutely carinate; seeds ovoid-quadran^ular, the ventral angle obtu?e, pinkish gray, 1.1 X -8 mm., facets slightly and indis- tinctly anastomose and transversely ridged. Coastal sands, white-lands and sand-pockets in coastal rocks, Eleuthera, the Exumas, southward to Fortune Island. Endemic. Referred bv Mueller to Eu- phorbia BalbisU Boiss ; by Coker to Euphorbia caijcnsis Millsp. ; and in Field Mus. Bot. 2 : IGl to Euphorbia ficxuosa Kth. Exuma Spuu(;e. 6. Chamaesyce cayensis Millsp. Field. Mus. Bot. 2: 301. 1909. Eiipliorhia cayensis Millsp. Torreya 4: 172. 190-4. Low, densely white-canescent; stems stout, ligneous, multinodal, branch- ing below, 2-3 dm. high^ spreading above. Leaves thick, oval, 4-6 X-^— * """•> obliquely cordate at the base, entire, canescent alike on both surfaces; petioles 1-1.5 mm.; involucres campanulate. short-peduncled, 1.5 mm., canes- cent, bearded in the throat; glands green, transversely oblong, thick, tumid, .7 mm. broad (fifth gland represented by a large, deltoid tooth on the involucral margin); appendages lineal, hardly distinguishable; capsule canoscent ; cooci bluntly keeled; seeds pinkish ashen, ovoid-quadrangular, the ventral angle slight; 1 X -8 mm., facets distinctly transversely anastomose-ridged. Coastal white-lands, Man-o'-War Cay (Abaco), the Berry Islands and .Toulter's Cays, Anguilla and Water Cays (Cay Sal Bank). Endemic. Bahama Spukge. 7. Chamaesyce Bracei Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 302. 1909. EupJiorhia Bracei Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 159. 1906. Nearly prostrate, branching from the base; branches ligneous, canescent. Leaves thickish, oblong to ovate, 5-8 X 3-5 mm., very short-canescent and dotted with amber-like resin globules on both surfaces, the base narrowing to the petiole, the apex obtuse, the margin entire, revolute; petiole one-fifth the length of the blade; stipules triangular, 2-toothed or more., the teeth tipped with a stalked dark globular gland; involucres upper-axillary, cup-shaped, the pedicels equalling the tube, canescent without, ciliate within, the inner wall with 5 alate columns from the base to the glands; lobes triangular, acute; glands 4 (the fifth represented by a broader, longer involucral tooth), minute, transversely-ovate; appendages very narrow, crenate, or wanting; stigmas bifurcate to the base; capsule acicular-hairy ; seeds ovoid-quadrangular, .9 X •" mm., very slightly anastomosely transverse-ridged. White-lands of Abaco and Man-o'-War Cay. Endemic. Brace's Spi-rce. 8. Chamaesyce articulata (Aubl.) Britton, Mem. X. Y. Bot. Gard. 6: 574. 1916. Euphorbia articulata Aubl. PI. Guian. 1: 4S0. 1775. Euphorbia linearis Eetz. Obs. 3: 32. 1783. Shrubby, glabrous, 3-6 m. hi^h, the branches divaricate. Leaves glaltrous or slightly canescent, ligulate to oblong-linear or narrowly oblong, 2-6 cm. X 4-6 mm., rounded or narrowed at the oblique base, acute or blunt, miu'ronulate, entire, glaucous beneath; petioles short; stipules interpetiolar, broadly deltoid, ciliate; involucres single, terminal-axillary; peduncles more or less winged; tube thick, glabrous without, minutely appreJ^ed-silky within; involucral lobes wanting, the margin of the tulie thickened; glands 4, cup-shapod, with a nipple- like projection at the inner edge (resembling the tip of an elephant 's pro- boscis) ; bracteolcs very numerous, ligulate below, ])rush-like above; stigma 3-furcate above the middle; capsule glabrous, strongly 3-coccous; seed pink- ashen, ovoid-quadrangular, 1.5 X 1 T^^-t facets transversely anastomose-rugose. Low scrub-lands near .Jacksonville, East Caicos :— Borto Rico to Anegada and St. Vincent. BusiiY Spurge. 240 ELTPHORBIACEAE. 9. Chamaesyce vaginulata (Griseb.) Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 302. 1909. Eupliorlia vagimaaia Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I. 52. 1859. A low, densely branched shrub, 2 dm. to 2 m. high, the branchlets closely ringed with the old persistent stipular sheaths, giving the whole shrub an ashen hue. Leaves small, 3-15 X 1 mm., fleshy, linear (in some specimens globular), glabrous, entire, obtuse, very short-petioled, springing from a broad scaphoid sheath-like stipule with a ciliate margin ; involucres solitary, terminal on the branchlets, turbinate, short-pedicelled; tube thick-walled, glabrous without and within ; lobes triangular, ciliate ; glands 4, large, orbicu- lar, sarcous, dark purple, the fifth represented by a larger involucral lobe; bracteoles ligulate, glabrous ; capsule glabrous, strongly 3-coccous, the cocci mottled with fine dark confluent punctae; seeds ovoid-quadrangular, bluish white, 1.2 X -8 mm., blunt-pointed, smooth, the testa minutely punctate. Rocky white-lands of Watling's Island, Castle Island, the Inaguas and through- out the Caicos and Turk's Islands. Endemic. Sheathed Spukgb. 10. Chamaesyce hypericifolia (L.) Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 302. 1909. Euphorhia hypericifolia L. Sp. PI. 454. 1753. Annual, erect or ascending, 2-8 dm. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, often falcate, 1.5-3 cm. X 5-10 mm., obliquely truncate at the base, blunt, more or less sharp-serrate on the upper third, short-petioled, glabrous or some- what hairy; stipules ovate, acute, thin, dentate and ciliate on the margin; inflorescence densely cymose in the axils of the upper and terminal leaves, the floral bracts linear and often white-margined ; involucres turbinate, thin, glabrous without, hirtellous at the throat within; lobes lanceolate-triangular, lacerate into 3-5 teeth; glands small, roundish, stalked, the fifth gland repre- sented by a deep sinus flanked by a larger, more triangular lobe; appendages white, orbicular or ovate; styles short, deeply bifid; capsule glabrous, strongly 3-coccous, the cocci carinate ; seeds ovoid-quadrangular, red, .8 X -^ mm., the angles prominent, the facets marked with many transverse broken ridges. Open grassy places throughout the archipelago : — Bermuda ; Gulf of Mexico region of the United States ; Mexico : Central and South America ; West Indies. Referred by Mrs. Northrop to Euijhorbia nutans Lag. Hypekicum-leaved Spurge. 11. Chamaesyce brasiliensis (Lam.) Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 712. 1903. Euphorhia hrasiliensis Lam. Encyc. 2: 423. 1788. Annual, erect or ascending, similar in habit to the last, but with more filiform branchlets, smaller and more falcate leaves, fewer-flowered cymes, and black seeds. Stipules broadly deltoid, bifurcate into lacerate lobes; involucres glabrous without and within, very short-pedicelled; lobes triangular, mostly entire; glands minute, long-stalked, the fifth represented by a very shallow sinus flanked by two larger involucral lobes ; capsule glabrous, strongly 3-coccous; seeds ovoid-quadrangular, black, 1.2 X -9 mm., the strong, but rounded, angles white-edged, dorsal facets marked by 3 complete transverse ridges, ventral 2-ridged. Open places and grassy coverts, New Providence and Eleuthera : — Florida to Arizona; Bermuda; Central America to Brazil; West Indies. Brazilian Spurge. 12. Chamaesyce Blodgettii (Engelm.) Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 712. 1903. Euphorhia Blodgettii Engelm.; Hitch. Eep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4: 126. 1893. Annual, glabrous, prostrate or ascending, branching at the base, the branches 1-4 dm. long, forking. Leaves oblong or nearly so, 3-8 mm. long, minutely serrate toward the apex, oblique at the base, obtuse, petiolate; stipules broadly triangular, acute, eiliate-margined ; involucres solitary in the EUPHORBIACEAE. 241 ui>per axils, campaiuilate, le^s than 1 mm. loncj, short-pedunculate, glabrous without, ciliate at the throat within; lobes triangular; glands 4, slightly stalked, orbicular to ovate, the fifth represented by a sinus with a rounded fundus and flanked by two larger, nearly quadrilateral lobes; appendages nearly as broad as the glands, entire or 2-3-crenate; capsule bluntly tricoccous, glabrous; seeds ovoid-quadrangular, pinkish or brownish, 1 X -8 mm., angles prominent, facets slightly transversely ridged. On rocks, in sjind and in pot-holes, from the southern coast of (Ireat I'.ahnma to Ambergris (\-iy : — Florida : Bermuda : Cul)a ; Jamaica ; Cavmans. IJcfei-red hy Mrs. Northrop and l)y Dolley to Euithni}>'ui scrpcus Kth., and by Dolicy again to Eu- phorbia maculatd L. Blodgett's SrrRCK. 13. Chamaesyce prostrata (Aiton) Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 713. 1903. Euphorbia prostrata Aiton, Hort. Kew. 2: 139. 17S9. Annual, prostrate, more or less pubescent, or glabrate ; stems branched at the base; branches slender, .5-15 dm. long, forking. Leaves thin, oblong or ovate, strongly oblique at the base, 4-7 mm. long, obtuse, more or less serrulate toward the apex, minutely pubescent on both sides, petiolate; stipules thin, papyraceous, broadly deltoid, ciliate at the acute apex; involucres glabrous, axillary, minute; lobes elongate-triangular, ciliate on the margin; glands 4, transversely oval, the fifth replaced by a small extra glabrous tooth on the involucral margin; appendages about the width of the glands, finely many- crenate ; capsule strongly tricoccous, glabrous except on the keels- of the cocci which bear a fringe of long hairs; seeds pink, elongated-ovoid-quadrangular, pointed, 1 X -^ mm., strongly and sharply sculptured by numerous, strictly transverse, ridges which include the angles. Grassy places on New Providence and Grand Turk Island : — Bermuda ; North Carolina to Missouri and southward to Brasil and I*eru ; West Indies. Prostr-vte Spurge. 14. Chamaesyce hirta (L.) Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 303. 1909. Euphorhia hirta L. Sp. PI. 454 (ante). 1753. Euphorbia piliilifera L. loc. cit. (post). 1753. Annual, prostrate or ascending, pubescent with amber-colored, multi- cellular hairs ; stems branching from the base, 1-4 dm. long, forking or simple. Leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, more or less falcate, 1-3 cm. long; some- times blotched with deep-red, strongly oblique at the base, acute, sharply serrate above the middle, petiolate; stipules long cylindro-aristate, hairy; involucres densely capitulate in peduncled clusters, turbinate; lobes large, triangular, densely long-ciliate ; glands 4, stipitate, the fifth replaced by a shallow, rounded sulcus in the involucral margin; appendages none; capsule strongly 3-coccous, with short crispeil multicellular hairs; speeds salmon-j-iink. elongated-ovoid-quadrangular, .8 X -5 mm., the angles sharp, facets strongly marked with numerous, mostly incomplete, transverse ridges. Rocks, path-sides and cultivated grounds. Andros and New Providence to Inagua : — Bermuda; Florida; Mexico: West Indies; Central America; American and Old World tropics. Hairy Spurge, 15. Chamaesyce Berteriana (Balbis) Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2; 30:?. 1909. Euphorbia Berteriana Balbis; Spreng. Syst. 3: 794. 1826. A low, prostrate or ascending, densely pubescent annual, with a clustered terminal inflorescence. Leaves oblong-ovate, obtuse, 1-L5 x •4-.6 mm., strongly inequilateral and oblique at the base^ obtusely or crenately denticu- late; stipules cylindro-aristate with a broadeneil base, glabrous; inflorescence corymbose at the apices of the smaller branchlets; involucres minute, oblong- turbinate, glabrous below, long-ciliate-hairy at the throat without and within; 242 BUXACEAE. lobes triangular, ciliate; glands 4^ minute, orbicular, stipitate, with or witliGut narrow white, entire or bi-crenate, appendages; styles thick, bifurcate to the middle, the branches somewhat swollen at the tips ; capsule crisped-hairy ; cocci distinct; seed white or pinkish, elongated-ovoid-quadrangular, angles sharp and prominent, facets with a few prominent broad, mostly incomplete, transverse ridges. Red-lands of Great Exuma, Long Island, Atwood Cay, Mariguana and Castle Island : — Hispaniola to Martinique. Beetero's Spukgb. 16. Chamaesyce Bmtonii Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 303. 1909. Euphorbia Brittonii Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 159. 1906. A low, slender, erect herb branching from the base, 5-7 cm. high ; branches wiry, ascending. Leaves thick, short-petioled, rotund or oblong-elliptie, 4x3 mm., slightly oblique-cordate, entire or subdentate, revolute, midrib prominent beneath,' under surface glaucous, pilose; stipules triangular, more or less equally fimbriate; involucres solitary in the axils, campanulate, pedicellate, glabrous without, densely tomentose at the throat within; glands ovate, green- ish; appendages large, orbicular, white; stamens pilose; stigmas bifurcate above; capsule smooth; seeds roseate-cinereous, ovoid-quadrangular, the ventral angle flattened, facets slightly transA^erse-rugose. White-lands near Nassau, New Providence. Endemic. Brittox's Spurge. [Sapium lattrifoliuni Griseb., reported by Dolley as Bahamian, has not been seen on the islands by any of our investigators ; his record is presumably erroneous.] Order 14. SAPINDALES. Mostly trees or shrubs. Petals usually present and separate. Sepals mostly distinct. Stamens rarely more than twice as many as the sepals, when as many or fewer, opposite them. Ovary superior, compound. Ovules pendulous, w^itli the raphe away from the axis of the ovary, or erect or ascending. Petals wanting. Fam. 1. Bt:xaceae. Petals present. Ovary mostly 1-celled ; plants with resin-bearing tissues. Fam. 2. Anacardiaceae. Ovary 2-several-celled. Leaves simple, pinnately veined. Ovule 1 in each ovary-cavity. Fam. 3. Ilicaceae. Ovules 2 or more in each ovary-cavity. Flowers with a disk and petals. Fam. 4. Celastraceae. Disk obsolete ; corolla wanting. Fam. 5. Dodoxaeaceae. Leaves compound ; fruit various. Fam. 6. Sapindaceae. Family 1. BUXACEAE Dumort. Box Family. Monoecious or dioecious trees, shrubs or perennial herbs, with simple mostly evergreen leaves, the sap not milky. Flowers re^ilar, bracted. Petals none. Staminate flowers with 4-7 distinct stamens, the anthers 2-celled; sometimes with a rudimentary pistil. Pistillate flowers with a 2-4-celled (mostly 3-celled) ovary, with 2 or 1 anatropous ovules in each cavity; styles as many as the ovary-cavities, simple. Fruit a capsule or drupe, its carpels 1-2-seeded. Embrj^o straight; endosperm fleshy, or almost wanting". About 6 genera and 40 species of both the Old World and the New. AXACARDTACEAE. 243 1. TRICERA Sw.; Schreb. Gen. 630. 1791. Evergreen shrubs or small trees, with opposite entire coriaceous 5-hort- petioled leaves, and small monoecious flowers in small, axillary or terminal, sessile or short-stalked clusters, the bracts small, herbaceous or coriaceous. Terminal flowers of the clusters usually pistillate, the lower staminate. Pistil- late flowers usually with 6 imbricated sepals^ the ovary 3-celleil, the 3 styles separate, or connate below; ovules 2 in each ovary-cavity, pendulous. Stami- nate flowers with 4 sepals, 4 stamens with oblong anthers and a rudimentary ovary. Capsule 2-3-horned. [Greek, three-horned.] About 23 species, natives of the West Indies. Type species: Crantzia laevigata Sw. • 1. Tricera bahamensis (Baker) Britton, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 139. 1906. Bnxus bahamensis Baker, in Hook. Ic. PI. 19: pi. 1806. 18S9. A much-branched shrub^ 1-2 m. high, rarely a small tree about 3 m. high, glabrous throughout, the angulate twigs rather densely leafy. Leaves oblong to elliptic, rigid, 2-4 cm. long, 2-3 times as long as wide, sharply acute at the apex, narrowed at the base, the midvein rather prominent, the lateral venation very obscure, the petioles 1-3 mm. long; inflorescence axillary, nearly sessile, much shorter than the leaves; bracts ovate, acute, 1-2 mm. long; pistillate flowers 1 or few; staminate flowers usually several, pedicelled, about 2 mm. long; stamens longer than the sepals; capsule 6-7 mm. long; style distinium. Leaves simple ; drupes large. •■5- Manuifcra. 1. ToTiiotUndron. 1. TOXICODENDRON [Tourn.] Mill. Gard. Diet. Abr. Ed. 4. 1754. Shrubs, small trees, or vines climbing by aerial rootlets, with 3-foliolate or pinnate leaves poisonous to the touch, and axillary panicles of small, greenish or white polygamous flowers. Calyx 5-(deft ; petals and stamens 5 ; ovary 1-ovuled; style terminal. Drupes small, glabrous, or sjiaringly pubes- cent when young, the stone striate. [Greek, poison-tree.] About 20 species, natives of Xorth America and Asia. Type species: Fhus Toxicodcndroti L. 244 AXACARDIACEAE. 1. Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 153. 1891. Bhus radicans L. Sp. PI. 266. 1753. Shus Blodgettii Kearney, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 486. 1894. Toxicodendron Blodgettii Greene, Leaflets 1: 126. 1905. A woody vine, climbing by numerous aerial rootlets, or bushy and erect, the stem sometimes 7-10 cm. in diameter. Leaves petioled; leaflets ovate or rhombic, 2,5-15 cm, long^ entire or sparingly dentate or sinuate, acute or short- acuminate, the lateral sessile or short-stalked, inequilateral, the terminal one stalked; flowers green, 3 mm. broad, in loose axillary panicles 2-8 cm, long; drupes sub globose, 3-5 mm, in diameter, grayish- white. Moist depressions in pine- and scrub-lands, and in savannas, Andros, Abaco, Great Bahama, North Cat Cay and New Providence : — continental North America, south to Mexico. Recorded by Dolley,as Rhus Toxicodendron L. Poison Ivy, 2. METOPIUM P. Br.; Engler, in DC. Mon. Phan. 4: 367. 1883. Poisonous trees, with alternate petioled pinnate leaves, the several leaflets entire, subcoriaceous, the small greenish dioecious flowers in axillary panicles. Sepals 5, imbricated. Petals 5, imbricated, longer than the sepals. Disk annular. Stamens 5, the filaments short, subulate, the anthers longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary 1-celled; style short; stigma 3-lobed; ovule one. Drupe oblong, glabrous, pointed, containing a parchment-like stone. [Greek, fore- head, significance not explained.] Three species, natives of the West Indian region. Type species: Bhus Metopium L. 1. Metopium toxifemm (L.) Krug & Urban; Urban, Bot. Jahrb. 21: 612. 1896. Ainyris toxifera L. Sy?t. ed. 10, 1000. 1759. A poisonous tree, up to 14 m. high with a trunk sometimes 2 dm. in diam- eter, the thin bark reddish-brown without, orange within, splitting into large scales, the branches widely spreading. Leaves 3 dm. long or less, glabrous; leaflets 3-7, ovate to suborbicular or obovate, chartaceous, 2.5-10 cm. long, acute, obtuse or emarginate at the apex, narrowed to cordate at the base, bright green and shining above, dull beneath^ the petiolules 1-3 cm. long; panicles many-flowered, as long as the leaves or longer; pedicels rather stout, 2-4 mm. long; sepals obtuse, much shorter than the ovate obtuse yellowish- green petals ; druj^es oblong, orange-yellow^ 1-1.5 cm. long, in spreading or drooping panicles. Pine-lands and scrub-lands and coppices, throughout the archipelago from Abaco and Great Bahama to Caicos, Inagua and the Anguilla Isles : — Florida ; Cuba ; Haiti : Porto Rico. Referred by Hitchcock and by Dolley to Rhus Metopium L. ; by Mrs, Northrop to Metopium Metopium (L.) Small. Poison-tree. Catesby, 1 : pi. kO. 3. MANGIFERA L, Sp. PI. 200. 1753. Trees, mostly large, with alternate petioled entire coriaceous leaves, and small polygamous flowers in terminal panicles. Calyx 4-5-parted, deciduous, the lobes imbricated. Petals 4 or 5, narrow, imbricated. Stamens l(-5, unequal, all polleniferous or some sterile, the filaments sometimes connate below. Ovary sessile, superior, 1-celled, 1-ovuled; style lateral, curved; stigma simple. Drupe ovoid, oblique, large, fleshy, the stone fibrous. Seed flattened, its testa thin, the cotyledons plano-convex, usually lobed, the radicle ascending. [Latin, mango-bearing.] About 14 species, natives of tropical Asia, the fol- lowing typical. ILICACEAE. 2i5 1. Mangifera indica L. Sp, PI, 200. 1753. A large tree, sometimes 20 m. high or more, with a trunk up to 2.5 m. in diameter, the branches spreading, the stout twigs glabrous. Loaves coriaceous, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 15-25 em. long, acute, acuminate or sometimes blunt at the apex, narrowed at the base, glabrous, dark green above, the petioles about 2.5 cm, long; panicles large, terminal, puVjescent, the flowers very numerous, green, about 4 mm. wide; fruit pendulous, usually 8-12 cm. long, smooth, greenish or yellowish, the flesh soft and juicy, Wood-lands, New rrovidence. Naturalized. Native of tropical Asia. Widely naturalized in the West Indies and tropical continental America. Man.;.".. COMOCLADIA iNTEGitiFOLiA L., recorded by Dolley, lias not been found 1)V us on any of the cays or islands of the archipelago; it is only known to inhabit Jamaica and Hispaniola. AxACARDiuM occidentAle L. and Spondias li'tea T>., recorded as Bahamian by Dolley, have not been found by us in a wild state within the archipelago. Family 3. ILICACEAE Lowe. Holly Family. Shrubs or trees, with watery sap, and alternate petioled simple leaves. Flowers axillary, small, white, mainly polygamo-dioeeioiis, regular. Stip- ules minute and deciduous, or none. Calyx 3-6-parted, generally per- sistent. Petals 4-6 (rarely more), separate, or slightly united at the base, hypogynous, deciduous, imbricated. Stamens hypogynous, as many as the petals, or sometimes more; anthers oblong, cordate. Disk none. Ovary 1, superior, 3-several-celled ; stigma discoid or capitate; style short or none; ovules 1 or 2 in each cavity. Fruit a small berry-like drupe, enclos- ing several nutlets. Seed pendulous; endosperm fleshy; embryo straight. Three genera and about 300 species, of temperate and tropical regions. 1. ILEX L. Sp, PI, 125. 1753, Leaves minutely stipulate. Flowers cymose or solitary, perfect or polyg- amous. Calyx small, 4-5-cleft or toothed. Petals 4-9, somewhat united at the base, oblong, obtuse. Stamens of the same number, adnate to the base of the corolla. Berry-like drupe globose, with 4-8 bony or crustaceous nutlets. [An- cient name of the Holly Oak,] About 280 species, mostly natives of America. Type species: Ilex Aquifolium L. Leaves dark green above, pale beneath. 1. I.Cassinc. Leaves dark green above and beneath. Leaves obovate. obtuse or emarginate. 2. /. nitamUi. Leaves ovate-elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate. W. I. Krugiana. 1. Ilex Cassine L. Sp. PL 125. 1753. A shrub, or small tree. Twigs pubescent; leaves oblanceolate or oblong- obovate, 5-10 cm. long, 1.25-2.5 cm. wide, acute at the base, glabrous and dark green above, pale and usually pubescent beneath; petioles (i-S mm. long; staminate cymes several- or many-flowered; peduncles and jiedicels pubescent; fertile cymes commonly 3-flowered; calyx-lobes ciliate; drupes re.l, globose, 4-6 mm. in diameter. I'almetto-lands, and coppices, Great Bahama, at Barnett's Toint : Andros. near Staniard Creek : — Virginia to Florida and Louisiana ; Cuba. Dahoon IIollv. 246 CEDASTRACEAE. 2. Ilex repanda Griseb. Mem. Am. Acad. II. 8: 172. 1860. A shrub or small tree up to 8 m. tall, the leaves and twigs glabrous. Leaves obovate or elliptic-obovate, 4-7 cm. long, 2-4 cm, wide, rounded, obtuse or emargiuate at the apex^ acute at the base, dark-green and shining above, dull beneath, sparingly repand-dentate or entire, the petioles 3-5 mm. long; cymes several-flowered; pedicels 3-5 mm. long, gla.brous; calyx obtusely 4-lobed; drupes subglobose or obovoid, about 5 mm. in diameter. Coppices and scrub-lands, Abaco, Great Bahama, Andros, New Providence and Eleuthera : — Cuba. Recorded by Dolley as Ilex montana Griseb. Cubax Holly. 3. Ilex Krugiana Loes. Bot. Jahrb. 15: 317. 1892. A tree, attaining a height of 15 m. and a trunk-diameter of 3 dm., usually smaller, and sometimes shrubby, the slender twigs gray, becoming nearly white, the bark thin^ smooth, nearly white. Leaves elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, char- taceous, 5-10 em. long, acuminate at the apex, rounded or narrowed at the base, entire, revolute-margined, glabrous, shining above, dull beneath, the slender petioles 1-2 cm. long; flowers few or several in axillary clusters; peduncles about 1 cm. long; pedicels very short; calyx-lobes triangular, acute; corolla about 2.5 mm. broad, its lobes ovate; drupes purplish, usually containing 4 nutlets, about 4 mm. in diameter. Coppices, pine-lands and scrub-lands, Abaco, Great Bahama, Andros and New Providence : — Florida ; Hispaniola. Recorded by Dolley as Ilex Macoucoua Pers. Krug's Holly. Schoepf records a New Providence plant as Ilex cuneata, giving the name only without description or reference, therefore not identified. Family 4. CELASTRACEAE L. Staff-tree Family. Trees or shrubs, some species climbing. Leaves simple. Stipules, when present, small and caducous. Flowers regular, generally perfect, small. Pedicels commonly jointed. Calyx 4-5-lobed or -parted, persistent, the lobes imbricated. Petals 4 or 5, spreading. Stamens inserted on the disk. Disk flat or lobed. Ovary sessile, mostly 3-5-celled; style short, thick; stigma entire or 3-5-lobed; ovules 2 in each cavity, anatropous. Fruit drupaceous or capsular. Seeds with or without an aril; embi-yo large; cotyledons foliaceous. About 45 genera, and 375 species, widely distributed. Fruit a dehiscent capsule ; seeds arillate. 1. Maytenus. Fruit indehiscent ; seeds not arillate. Cells of the ovary 1-ovuled. Sepals connate near the base. 2. Rhacoma. Sepals distinct or nearly so. Leaves opposite ; ovule pendulous. 3. Gyminda. Leaves alternate : ovule erect. -i. Sehacfferia. Cells of the ovary 2-ovuled. 5. Elaeodendrum. 1. MAYTENUS Molina, Sagg. Chile 177. 1782. Unarmed, evergreen shrubs or trees, with alternate petioled coriaceous serrate leaves, and small polygamous axillary flowers, solitary or in clusters. Calyx 5-lobed. Stamens 5, the filaments subulate. Disk orbicular, undulate. Ovary immersed in the disk, 2-4-celled; ovules 1 or 2 in each cavity, erect; style slender or none; stigma 2-4-lobed. Fruit a small coriaceous capsule, 1-^3-celled, loculicidally 2-3-valved. Seeds erect, the testa crustaceous; the aril fleshy; cotyledons foliaceous. [From the Chilean name.] Type species: Maytenns Boaria Molina. Leaves suborbicular to broadly elliptic, cordate at base. 1. 21. lucayana. Leaves obovate to oblong-spathulate, narrowed or cuneate at base. 2. 21. btixifoUa. CELASTRACEAE. 2 4 7 1. Maytenus lucayana Britton, Bull. X. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 140. 1906. A white-barked shrubj the tAvigs angular. Leaves orbicular-ovate, 1.5-3 cm. long, 1.5-2.7 cm. wide, coriaceous--, rounded at the apex, cordate at the base, shining above, dull beneath, bright-green, the niidvein slender and impressed in both surfaces, the few lateral veins more slender and similarly impressed, the stout petiole only 1-1.5 mm. long; pedicels solitary or few together at defoliated axils, about 2 mm. long; petals not seen; calyx-lobes ovate, acute, nearly 1 mm. long; young fruit ovoid, pointed, tipped by a style 0.5 mm. long; stigmas- 2. Rocky margins of ponds, Great Bahama at West End. Endemic. Bahama Maytexus. 2. Maytenus buxifolia (A. Rich.) Griseb. Cat. PI. Cub. 53. 1866. Monteverdia tuxifolia A. Rich, in Sagra, Hist. Cub. 10: 142, 2^?. 36. 1S45. A shrub or a tree up to 10 m. high, the trunk up to 2.5 dm. in diameter, the twigs gray, glabrous, becoming nearly terete. Leaves oblong to obovate or oblong-spatulatC; 1-4 cm. long, 4-20 mm. wide, coriaceous, obtuse or subtruncate at the apex, obtuse, narrowed, or cuneate at the base, short-petioled, faintly shining above, dull beneath, the midvein impressed on both sides, the lateral venation obsolete; flowers few in the clusters; pedicels 1-4 mm. long; calyx- lobes semiorbicular, 0.5 mm. long; petals greenish yellow, nearly 2 mm. long, ovate, obtuse; fruit globose-obovoid, red or orange, 5-9 mm. long. Thickets and scrub-lands, throughout the archipelago from Abaco and Great Bahama to Caicos and Inagua : — Cuba ; Hispaniola. Box-leaved Maytenus. 2. RHACOMA L. Syst. ed. 10, 896. 1759. Shrubs or low trees, with coriaceous small evergreen leaves, and small perfect greenish axillary flowers. Calyx 4-5-lobed. Disk depressed, 4-5- lobed. Petals 4 or 5, inserted under the disk. Stamens 4 or 5. Ovary 4- celled; stigmas 4; ovules 1 in each cavity of the ovary, erect. Drupe with a somewhat fleshy, thin exocarp and a bony stone. [Name used by Pliny for some Old World plant.] About 12 species, of warm and tropical America. Type species: Ehacoma Crossopetalum L. Leaves entire or crenulate. Inflorescence nearly sessile; leaves entire. 1. R. coriacca. Inflorescence slender-peduncled ; leaves crenulate at least toward the apex. 2. Ji. Crossopttalum. Leaves spinulose-serrulate. Leaves long spinulose-toothed : fruit nearly sessile. '^. A*, aquifolia. Leaves short spinulose-toothed; fruit slender-pedlcelled. 4. R.ilicifolia. 1. Ehacoma coriacea (Northrop) Urban, Symb. Ant. 5: 71. 1004. Crossopetaliim coriaceum Northrop, Mem. Torr. Club 12: 48. 1902. A low shrub, 6 dm. high or less, the quadrangular twigs densely leafy, glabrous. Leaves opposite, coriaceous, gla.brous, obovate or oblong-obovate, 1-3 cm. long, 7-12 mm. wide, rounded or obtuse at the apex, narrowed at the base, entire, dull green on both sides; inflorescence 1-5-nowered, sessile or nearly so; calyx-lobes 4, half -orbicular; petals 4, ovate to orbicular, reddish, 1 mm. long; disk 4-lobed; stamens 4; drupe obovoid, red, about 4 mm. long. Low coppices, sand-dunes and savannas. Andros, Now rrovldonco, Eleuthera, Great Guana. Endemic. Bahama Rhacoma. 248 CELASTEACEAE. 2. Rhacoma Crossopetalum L. Syst. ed. 10, 896. 1759. Myginda Bliacoma Sw. Prodr. 39. 1788. Myginda pollens J, E. Smith in Kees Cycl. 25: no. 4. 1813. Crossopetalum pallens Kuntze, Eev. Gen. PI. 116. 1891. Crossopetalum Bhacoma Hitchc. Eep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4: 70. 1893. Bhacoma pallens Maza, Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 19: 239. 1900. A shrub or tree up to 8 m. high, with smooth grey bark and angular twigs. Leaves opposite or whorled, linear to oblong or obovate, short-petioled, 1-4 cm. long, somewhat crenate, glabrous, acutish or blunt at the apex^ narrowed at the base, paler green beneath than above ; flowers clustered in the axils, the clusters slender-peduncled; calyx urceolate, with 4 obtuse lobes; petals 4; disk 4-lobed; stamens 4, inserted between the lobes of the disk; ovary 4-celled; drupe about 6 mm. long, slightly oblique, red. Coppices, thickets and scrub-lands, througtiout the archipelago from Abaco and Great Bahama to Grand Turk, Inagua and the Anguilla Isles : — Florida ; Bermuda ; West Indies ; Colombia. Species composed of a large number of races, the leaf-form from linear-spathulate to suborbicular. Poisox Cherry. Wild Cherry. 3. Rhacoma aquifolia (Griseb.) Urban, Symb. Ant. 5: 77. 1904. Myginda aquifolia Griseb. Cat. PI. Cub. 55. 1866. Crossopetalum aquifolium Hitchc. Eep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4: 70. 1893. A shrub, 3 dm. high or less, branched at the base, the branches prostrate or nearly so, 1-3 dm. long, the young twigs densely pilose. Leaves coriaceous, sessile or very short-petioled, opposite, ovate in outline, 1-3 cm. long, spinulose- dentate with long rigid teeth, densely puberulent on both sides or becoming glabrous above, strongly pinnately veined ; inflorescence glomerate, few-flowered, nearly sessile in the axils; sepals semiorbicular ; petals greenish, about 1 mm. long; fruit obliquely obovoid, red, 4-7 mm. long. Mangrove swamps and pine-lands, Andros and Eleuthera : — Cuba. Spiny-leaved Rhacoma. 4. Rhacoma ilicifolia (Poir.) Trelease in A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1^: 399. 1897. Myginda ilicifoUa Poir. in Lam. Encycl. 4: 396. 1796. Crossopetalum ilicifolium Kuntze, Eev. Gen. PI. 116. 1891. Crossopetalum floridanum Gardner; Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 736. 1903. A low, nearly glabrous shrub, 3 dm. high or less, branched from the base, the branches ascending or nearly prostrate, 2-4 dm. long, the young twigs puberulent. Leaves subcoriaceous, mostly opposite, very short-petioled, ovate to elliptic, 1-2.5 cm. long, acute at the apex, narrowed or obtuse at the base, pinnately veined, sharply dentate with spinulose-tipped teeth; cymes axillary, short-peduncled, few-several-flowered; sepals half -orbicular ; petals red, ovate to suborbicular, 1-1.5 mm. long; fruit obovoid, oblique, 3.5-5 mm. long. Coppices and pine-lands, Great Bahama : — Florida ; Hispaniola. Holly-leaved Rhacoma. 3. GYMINDA Sargent, Gard. & For. 4: 4. 1891. Trees or shrubs, with opposite, short-petioled leaves, and small greenish dioecious flowers in axillary cymose clusters. Calyx deeply 4-lobed. Petals 4, longer than the calyx. Staminate flowers with 4 stamens about as long as the petals, and a minute abortive ovary. Pistillate flowers with a 2-celled ovary, each cavity with a single pendulous ovule ; style none ; stigma peltate. Fruit a small drupe. Seeds usually solitary, with copious endosperm. [Anagra'm of Myginda.] Two known species, the following typical one, the other Costa Eiean. CELASTRACEAE. 249 1. Gyminda latifolia (Sw.) Urban, Symb. Ant. 5: 80. 1904. Myginda latifolia Sw. Prodr. 39. 1788. Gijminda Grisebacliii Sargent, Gard. & For. 4: 4. 1891. A shrub, or a tree with maximum height of about 9 m,, the thin lark reddish brown, the trunk seldom over 1.5 dm. in diameter, the young twigs 4-angle(l, olabrous. Leaves oblong- or ol>long-obovate, subcoriaeeous, glabrous, 2-6 em. long, obtuse or emarginate at the apex, narrowed at the base, the petioles very short; peduncles slender, 6-15 mm. long; petals about 2 mm. long; drupe ellipsoid, obtuse, 4-8 mm. long. Scrub-lands and coppices, throughout the archipelago from Abaco and Great Bahama to Andros, Caicos, Grand Turlt and Inagua : — Florida ; Cuba to St. Thomas and to St. Vincent; Jamaica; Mexico. Gyminda. Falsk Boxwo(ju. Wai.la-ukukv. 4. SCHAEFFERIA Jacq. Enum. 10, 33. 1760. Shrubs or trees, Avith alternate or fascicled, entire, chartaceous or sub- coriaceous leaves (in one species reduced to small scales), and small, moi^tly dioecious, white or greenish flowers, solitary or clustered in the axils, the peduncles short. Calyx 4-parted, the lobes rounded, imbricated. Petals 4, obtuse. Stamens 4. Disc inconspicuous. Ovary sessile, ovoid, 2-celled; ovules 1 in each cavity, erect; style short; stigma 2-parted, large. Fruit coriaceous, indehiscent. Seeds erect, exarillate, with little endosperm and flat cotyledons. [Commemorates J. C. Schaeffer, a German naturalist.] Five known species, of tropical and subtropical America, the following typical. 1. Schaefferia fnitescens Jacq. Enum. 33. 1760. A tree, up to 14 m. high, with a maximum trunk diameter of aliout 3 dm., usually much smaller, commonly a shrub, the thin bark gray, the slender twigs glabrous. Leaves obovate, spatulate or oblong, chartaceous, glabrous, veiny, 2.5-6 cm. long, acute, obtuse or rarely emarginate at the apex, narrowe»l at the base, the petioles 3-8' mm. long; flowers greenish, about 3 mm. wide; peduncles slender, mostly somewhat longer than the petioles; fruit globose or oval, orange-red, grooved, apiculate, 5-6 mm. long. Scrub-lands, Great Bahama, Andros, New Providence and Elouthera to Mari- guana and Inagua : — Florida ; Cuba to Virgin Gorda and Grenada ; Jamaica. Common Schaeffekia. 5. ELAEODENDRUM Jacq. f.; Murray, Syst. 241. 1784. Evergreen trees or shrubs, with opposite or alternate coriaceous leaves, the very small stipules caducous, and small, often dioecious, greenish or white flowers in small axillary clusters. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, spreading. Stamens 5, inserted under the disk; filaments short; antliers globose. Ovary adnate to the disk, 2-.5-celled; style short; stigma 2-5-lobed. ovules 2 in each ovary-cavity. Fruit a rather large drupe. [Greek, olive-wood; the fruit re- sembles an olive in form. J About 35 species, natives of tropical regions. Type species: Elaeodendron orientale Jacq. 1. Elaeodendriim attenuatum A. Rich. Ess. Y\. Cuh. 2: 343. 1845. Cassine attenuaia Kuntze, Eev. Gen. PI. 114. 1S91. Elaeodendron xylocarpum hahamense Urban, Symb. Ant. 5: S*^. 1904. A tree, with maximum height of about 16 m., usually nuich smaller and often shrubby, the bark gray, the twigs and leaves glabrous. Leaves pale green, 17 250 SAPINDACEAE. obovate to elliptic, 3-S cm. long, remotely low-dentate or entire, rounded or obtuse at the apex, narrowed at the base, revolute-margined, the stout petioles 2-10 mm. long; flowers greenish yellow; sepals about 1 mm. long; petals about 2 mm. long, those of staminate flowers a little longer than those of pistillate; drupe ovoid or subglobose, yellow, pointed or rounded, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, the stone very hard. Scrub-lands and coppices. Abaco, New Providence, Watling's Island, Crooked Island, Fortune Island, Grand Turk and Inagua : — Cuba. Referred by Mrs. Nor- throp to E. xijlocarinim DC. Olive-wood. Family 5. DODONAEACEAE H.B.K. DoDONAEA Family. Shrubs or trees, commonly sticky with a resinous excretion. Leaves alternate, without stipules. Flowers clustered, polygamous or polygamo- dioeeious. Sepals 3-5, nearly equal. Corolla and disk wanting. Andro- ecium of 5-8 regularly inserted stamens; filaments distinct; anthers 4- angled. Gynoecium of 3 or 4 united carpels, wholly superior. Ovary 3-4-celled; styles united. Ovules 2 in each cavity, half-anatropous, often superposed, the upper one ascending and the lower one pendulous. Cap- sule membranous or leathery, reticulated, 2-6-angled, the angles obtuse, or winged, opening septicidally by 2-6 valves. Seed subglobose or flattened, without an aril; endosperm none; embryo spiral. Only the following genus. 1. DODONAEA Jacq. Enum. 19. 1760. Characters of the family, as given above. [In honor of Eembert Dodoens, 1518-1585, Dutch herbalist.] About 50 species, of tropical and subtropical regions. Type species: Bodonuea viscosa Jacq. 1. Dodonaea Ehrenbergii Schl. Linnaea 18: 36. 1844. Dodonaea viscosa ohovata Hitehc. Eep. Mo. Bot. Gard, 4: 73. 1893. A nearly glabrous shrub or small tree sometimes 5 m. high, the foliage slightly viscid, the twigs slender. Leaves oblanceolate to obovate, 1.5-6 cm. long, obtuse, rounded or emarginate at the apex, cuneate-narrowed at the base, the petioles 1 cm. long or less; panicles terminal, rather densely many-flowered, puberulent, not longer than the leaves; pedicels short; flowers yellowis'h green, about 5 mm. broad; anthers oblong; capsule-wings finely veined, obtuse, 5-8 mm. wide, papery, shining. "White-lands and scrub-lands, throughout the archipelago from Abaco to Grand Turk, Ambergris Cay and luagua : — Cuba ; Hispaniola ; Mona ; Anegada ; Desirade. Dogwood. Family 6. SAPINDACEAE. Soapberry Family. Trees or shrubs, wdth watery sap, rarely vines. Leaves alternate (op- posite in one Chilian genus), mostly pinnate or palmate, mthout stipules. Flowers polygamo-dioecious, regular or slightly irregiilar. Sepals or calyx-lobes 4 or 5, mostly imbricated. Petals 3-5. Disk fleshy. Stamens 5-iO (rarely fewer or more), generally inserted on the disk. Ovary 1, 2-4- lobed or entire, 2-4-celled ; *ovules 1 or more in each cavity. Fruit various. SAPINDACEAE. 251 Seeds globose or compressed; embryo mainly convolute; endosperm none. About 125 g-enera, including over 1,000 species, ^\^dely distributed in tropical and warm regions. Vines ; mostly climbing by tendrils. Frnlt 3-winffed. 1. Scrjania. Fruit bladdery. 2. Cardiosnuniunt. Shrubs and trees. Fruit samaroid. 3. Thjinna. Fruit drupaceous. Inflorescence spicate-paniculate or racemose-paniculate. Leaves 1-3-foliolate ; flowers irregular. 4. MlopJiylus. Leaves evenly pinnate; flowers regular. ~). Mclirocca. Inflorescence corymbose-paniculate. Ovary 2-celled ; leaves evenly pinnate. 0. Exothca. Ovary 3-celled ; leaves trifoliolate. 7. Ili/prhttr. 1. SERJANIA Plum.; Schum. Skr. Xatur. Selsk. Kjocb. 3-': 12."5. 1794. Woody vines, with alternate petioled, mostly biternately compound leaves, and small polygamous white or yellowish flowers, in axillary racemes or panicles, which often bear tendrils. Sepals 5, imbricated. Petals 4, with small scales between. Disk undulate or sometimes glanduliferous. Stamens 8, the filaments sometimes united at the base. Ovaiy 3-celled; styles partly united; stigmas 3, small ; ovules 1 in each cavity. Fruit of 3 samaras attached by their backs, each bearing a seed rear the apex. [Commemorates Paul Sergeant. 1 About 175 species, of tropical and subtropical America. Type species: Serjania simiata (L.) Schum. Leaflets strongly reticulate-veined, few-toothed or entire ; seed not enclosed in the wing. 1. S. ■'^uhdcntata. Leaflets not stronglv reticulate-veined, dentate ; seed enclose(. in the wing. 2. S. dirrrsifoUa. 1. Serjania subdentata Juss. ; Poir. in Lam. Encycl. 5: 102. 1S04. Climbing on trees or shrubs, sometimes 7 m. long, usually shorter; young twigs sulcate, glabrous, or sparingly pubescent. Leaflets elliptic to oliloii^- lanceolate or ovate, coriaceous, 3-8 cm. long, mostly acute or acuminate at the apex, narrowed or rounded at the base, sharply dentate with few or several teeth, shining above; panicles commonly longer than the leaves, pubcrulent ; pedicels 2-5 mm. long; petals obovate, about 4 mm. long; fruit 1.2-2 cm. long, the seeds not enclosed in the ends of the samara-wings. Rocky coppices, scrub-lands and thickets. Andros, Mangrove Cay. New Provi- dence, Eleuthera, Cat Island, Rum Cay. Great Guana Cay and Great E.xuma ■.—Cuba. Referred by Hitchcock to 8. panicidala H.B.K. Fowl-i-oot. 2. Serjania diversifolia (Jacq.) Eadlk. Mon. Scrj. 136. 1875. Paullinia diversifolia Jacq. Enum. 36. 1760. Slender, often high-climbing on trees, sometimes 10 m. long, the young twigs puberulent. Leaflets ovate to obovate, 3-8 cm. long, coriaceous, acute or obtuse, few-toothed near the apex or entire, shining above, dull beneath; panicles puberulent, commonly longer than the subtending leaves; pedicels 5-S nim. long; petals oblong-obovate, about 5 mm. long; fruit rather broadly ovate. 1.5-2 cm. long, the seeds enclosed in the upper part of the samara-wings. Thickets and scrub-lands, Green Turtle Cay, Andros. New Provldonce. EIpu- thera. Cat Island, Watling's and Long Island :— Cuba : IIispanloI:i. Rrfprrod by Hitchcock to S. liicida Schum. and recorded by Schoepf ns I'auViuui Srnmia L. Fowl-foot. 252 SAPIXDACEAE. 2. CARDIOSPEE.MUM L. Sp. PI. 366. 1753. Vine?, with alternate bipinnate or decompound leaves, and small axillary tendril-bearing corymbs of slightly irregular polygamo-dioecious flowers. Ten- drils 2 to each corymb, opposite. Pedicels jointed. Sepals 4, the 2 exterior smaller. Petals 4, appendaged at the base, 2 larger and 2 smaller. Disk 1-sided, undulate. Stamens 8; filaments unequal. Ovary 3-celled; style short, 3-cleft; ovules 1 in each cavity. Capsule inflated, 3-lobed or 3-angled. Seeds globose with a large hilum; cotyledons conduplicate. [Greek, heart-seed.] About 15 species, of warm and temperate regions. Type species: Cardiospennum' Hali- cacabum L. Capsules longer than broad, 3-3.5 cm. long. 1. C. Halicacahum. Capsules broader than long, about 1 cm. broad. 2. C. microcarpum. 1. Cardiospermum Halicacabum L. Sp. PL 366. 1753. Annual or biennial, slender, glabrous or slightly pubescent, 0.6-5 m. long. Leaves petioled, 5-10 em. long; segments stalked, ovate or oblong, acute or acuminate, sharply serrate; peduncles commonly longer than the leaves; flowers white, 6-8 mm. broad ; petals obovate ; filaments pubescent ; capsule about 3 cm. long, globose-pyriform, pubescent, seeds globose, nearly black, about 5 mm. thick, the large white hilum cordate. Scrub-lands and cultivated grounds. New Providence and Eleuthera : — New Jersey to Missouri, Florida, and Texas ; West Indies ; Mexico to tropical South America. Balloon-vine, 2. Cardiospermum microcarpum H.B.K. Xov. Gen. 5: 104. 1821. Climbing to a length of 1.5-3 m., branched, finely pubescent, slender, the stem grooved. Leaves thin, biternately compound, slender-petioled, 7-15 cm. long and about as broad as long, the ultimate segments ovate to lanceolate in outline, coarsely lobed, cleft or incised ; peduncles slender, about as long as the leaves; corymbs several-flowered; flowers white, about 4 mm. broad, the upper petals 3 times as long as the sepals; capsule subglobose, 3-lobed, pubes- cent, veiny, depressed at the top, about 1 cm. thick; seeds similar to those of the preceding species but smaller. Waste-lands, Abaco and New Providence : — Bermuda ; Florida ; West Indies ; continental tropical America. Small Balloox-vine. 3. THYANA Hamilt. Prodr. 36. 1825. [Thouixia Poit. Ann. Mus. Paris 3: 70. 1804. Not L. f. 1781.] Shrubs or trees, with alternate 3-foliolate or 1-foliolate leaves and small, mostly white, regular clustered polygamous or dioecious flowers. Calyx 4-5- parted. Petals 4 or 5 or wanting. Disc annular, lobed. Stamens 8-10, dis- tinct, the filaments pilose. Ovary 3-lobed, 3-celled; ovules 1 in each cavity; style slender, 3-cleft or entire. Fruit samaroid, the samaras usually 3, coria- ceous, at length separating from the axis. Seeds exarillate. [From the Greek name of an odoriferous tree.] About 15 species, natives of tropical America. Type species: Tliyana simplicifoUa (Poit.) Hamilt. 1. Thyana discolor (Griseb.) Hitchc. Eep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4: 72. 1893. Ihouinia discolor Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I. 127. 1859. A shrub, up to 2.5 m. high, or a small tree, sometimes 5 m. high, the rather slender twigs and the inflorescence whitish-tomentose. Petioles 2.5 cm. long or SAPIXDACEAE. 253 less, tomentose; leaflets 3, nearly sessile, thin, narrowly elliptic to obovate entire, obtuse or rounded at the apex, narrowed or cuneate at the base, 2-8 cm! long, glabrous and green a})ove, Avhite-tonientose beneath, or becoming green when old, the niidvein rather prominent, the lateral veins few anical, the other South American. 1. Melicocca bijuga L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 495. 1762. A large tree, sometimes becoming 25 m. high, with a trunk u|> to 1.7 m. in diameter, the branches spreading, the slender twigs, the leaves and the inflorescence glabrous. Leaves petioled ; rachis winged or wintde-s: Ic.Ttlrts 2 254 SAPINDACEAE. pairs, opposite, elliptic or ovate-elliptic, thin, 4-10 cm. long, mostly acute or acuminate at the apex, obliquely narrowed at the base, sessile, pinnatelj veined ; racemes narrow, many-flowered, 6-10 cm. long, often numerous in terminal panicles; pedicels spreading, 4-6 mm. long; flowers very fragrant; calyx- segments about 2 mm. long; petals obovate, obtuse, greenish white, ciliate, 3-4 mm. long; drupe green, edible, pleasantly acid, subglobose, 2-4 cm. in diameter. New Providence, apparently spontaneous after cultivation : — West Indies ; Cen- tral America and northern South America. Gemp. 6. EXOTHEA Macf. Fl, Jam. 1: 232. 1837. Trees or shrubs, with alternate petioled evenly pinnate leaves, and small white somewhat irregular, dioecious or polygamous, panicled flowers. Sepals 5, partly united, imbricated. Petals 5, short-clawed, unappendaged. Stamens 7 or 8, those of staminate flowers about as long as the petals, those of pistillate flowers shorter. Ovary 2-celled, sessile; ovules 2 or 3 in each cavity; style very short, simple, the stigmas glabrous. Fruit a small, globose berry-like drupe, the exocarp slightly fleshy. Seed exarillate. [Greek, to expel, the genus having been taken from Melicocca.] The genus is probably monotypic. Type species: Exothea otlongi folia Macf. 1. Exothea paniculata (Juss.) Eadlk.; Durand Index Gen. Phan. SI. 1888. Melicocca paniculata Juss. Mem. Mus. Paris 3: 187. 1817. Hypelate paniculata Camb. Mem. Mus. Paris 18: 32. 1829. Exothea ohlongifolia Macf. Fl. Jam. 1: 232. 1837. A tree, attaining a maximum height of about 20 m., with a trunk up to 5 dm. thick, the thin, reddish brown bark scaly. Leaves short-petioled; leaflets 2, 4, or 6 (rarely 1 or 3), oblong to elliptic-obovate, 5-13 cm. long, glabrous or nearly so, entire, dark green and shining above, pale green beneath, acute, obtuse or emarginate at the apex, narrowed to the nearly sessile base; panicles terminal and axillary, pubescent; sepals ovate, about 3 mm. long; petals oblong- ovate, about as long as the sepals; ovary pubescent; drupes 10-13 mm. in diameter, purple, the juicy pulp orange. Coppices and scrub-lands, Abaco, Great Bahama, Goat Cay, Andros, Eleuthera, Cat Island and Watling's Island : — Florida ; Cuba ; Jamaica ; Hispaniola ; Porto Rico. Butter Bough. 7. HYPELATE P. Br.; Sw. Prodr. 61. 1788. A tree or shrub, with alternate 3-foliolate petioled leaves, and small, white or greenish white, panicled, monoecious or polygamo-dioecious flowers. Sepals 5, imbricated. Petals 5, unappendaged, sessile. Stamens 8-10 in the staminate flowers, wanting or imperfect in the pistillate; filaments glabrous. Pistillate flowers with a 3-celled, sessile ovary, the style short, the stigmas capitate; ovules 2 in each cavity, superimposed. Fruit a small drupe, with thin flesh. [Greek name for Euscus, the Butcher's Broom.] A monotypic genus. 1. Hypelate trifollata Sw. Prodr. 61. 1788. A tree, sometimes 13 m. high with a trunk up to 5 dm. in diameter, usually smaller, sometimes shrubby, the thin gray bark smooth or nearly so. Petioles 1-5 cm. long; leaflets obovate or spatulate, firm in texture, 2-5 cm. long, entire, glabrous, shining above, rather dull beneath, finely veined, the apex obtuse. RHAMNACEAE. 255 emarginate or acutish; sepals ovate, ciliate; petals suborbieular, about 2 mm. long, ciliate, about as long as the sepals; drupes ovoid, black, 5-7 mm. long. Coppices and scrub-lands, Andros, New Providence, Eleuthera, Cat Island, Wat- ling's Island, Great Exunia. Long Island, Acklin's Island, Crooked Island, Fortune Island and Inagua : — Florida; Cuba to Porto Rico; St. Martin and Anguilla ; Ja- maica. Wpiite Ikonwood. Ebony. Order 15. RHAMNALES. Shrubs, vines, or small trees, with nearly always alternate leaves. Flowers small, regular. Sepals mostly more or less united. Petals dis- tinct or Avanting. Stamens as many as the sepals or calyx-lobes and alter- nate with them, opposite the petals when these are present. Ovary com- pound, superior; ovules erect. Shrubs, small trees, or vines ; petals 4 or 5, or none ; fruit a drupe or capsule. Fam. 1. Rhamnace.\e. Vines, climbing by tendrils, rarely shrubs ; petals caducous ; fruit a berry. Fam. 2. Vitaceae. Family 1. RHAMNACEAE Dumort. Buckthorn Family. Erect or climbing shrubs, or small trees, often thorny. Leaves simple, stijDulate, mainly alternate, often 3-5-nerved. Stipules small, deciduous. Inflorescence commonly of cymes or panicles. Flowers small, regular, perfect or polygamous. Calyx-limb 4-5-toothed or 4-5-lobed. Petals 4-5, inserted on the calyx, or none. Stamens 4-5, inserted with the petals and opposite them; anthers short, versatile. Disk fleshy. Ovaiy sessile, free from or immersed in the disk, 2-5- (often 3-) celled; ovules 1 or 2 in each cavity, anatropous. Fruit often 3-celled. Seeds solitary in the cavities, erect ; endosperm fleshy, rarely none ; embryo large ; cotyledons flat. About 50 genera and 600 species, of temperate and warm regions. Fruit drupaceous. Petals none ; plants unarmed. Endosperm ruminated; pit of the drupe thick-walled. 1. Reniwsia. Endosperm none; pit of the drupe thin-walled. 2. Krugiodcndron. Petals 5 ; young twigs spiny. 3. Sarcomphalus. Fruit dry, separating into nutlets. Trees and shrubs ; fruit seated in the calyx. 4. Colulrina. Woody vines; nutlets winged. 5. Gouania. 1. REYNOSIA Griseb. Cat. PI. Cub. 33. 1866. Shrubs or small trees, with entire short-petioled opposite leaves, and small perfect yellowish green flowers in axillary clusters. Calyx-lobes valvate, spreading. Disk fleshy. Petals none. Stamens 5; filaments subulate. Ovary 2-3-celled; styles short and thick; stigma 2-3-lobed ; ovules 1 in each cavity, erect. Fruit a drupe with thin flesh and a hard stone. [Dedicated to Alvaro Eeynoso, a Cuban chemist and agriculturist, who died in ISSS.] About 9 species, of the West Indies and Florida. Type species: Beynosia rctusa Griseb. Leaves obovate to elliptic; petioles 1.5-3 mm.; drupe sul^glo- bose or ovoid. 1- R. scptnitnonaUs. Leaves oblong to lanceolate; petioles 5-7 mm. ; drupe ellipsoid. 2. R. ^orthroinana. 256 RHAMNACEAE. 1. Reynosia septentrionalis Urban, Symb. Ant. 1: 356. 1899. Ilcynosia latifolia Chapm. Fl. S. U. S., ed. 2, 612. 1883. Not Griseb. 1866. Usually a shrub, sometimes a tree up to 9 m. high, with a trunk diameter of 2 dm., the bark reddish-brown, splitting into thin plates, the wood dense and heavy. Leaves opposite, elliptic to oval or obovate, 2-4 cm. long, coriaceous, glabrous, rounded or emarginate at the apex, narrowed at the base, finely reticulate-veined, revolute-margined, the petioles short ; flowers yellowish green, about 5 mm. wide in small axillary umbels; pedicels 4-5 mm. long; calyx-lobes ovate, acute; drupe ovoid, dark purple, 1-1.5 cm. long, tipped with the base of the style, the thin pulp edible, the stone hard. Scrub-lands and coppices, throughout the archipelago from Great Sturrup Cay, the Biminis and Eleuthera, to Grand Turk, Inagua and Cay Sal : — Florida. Recorded by Hitchcock as Rhamnidium rcvolutum C. Wright. Common Reynosia. 2. Eejniosia Northropiana Urban, Symb. Ant. 3: 315. 1902. A shrub, 1-2 m. high, the slender young twigs puberulent, soon becoming glabrous. Stipules triangular, connate, lanceolate, 1-2 mm. long; leaves oppo- site, subcoriaceous, oblong, elliptic or oblongdanceolate, 3-8 cm. long, 1-2.5 cm. wide, rounded or emarginate at the apex, rounded or narrowed at the base, obsoletely crenate or entire, dark green above, pale green beneath, finely reticu- late-veined on both sides, the petioles 3-7 mm. long: cymes short-peduncled; few-several-flowered; calyx about 2.5 mm. long, its 5 lobes triangular-ovate, acute; petals half -orbicular, emarginate, nearly 1 mm. long; drupe ellipsoid, obtuse, 6-8 mm. long. Thickets and coppices. Andros, New Providence, Eleuthera, Cat Island and Great Exuma. Endemic. Bahama Reynosia. 2. KRUGIODENDRON Urban, Symb. Ant. 3: 313. 1902. An unarmed evergreen tree or shrub, with entire short-petioled leaves, and small perfect flowers subumbellate in the axils. Calyx mostly 5-parted, the lobes much longer than the tube. Petals wanting. Stamens as many as the calyx-lobes ; filaments subulate ; anthers obtuse. Disc annular, crenate. Ovary short-conic; style short; stigmas 2, small; ovules 2. Drupe small, ovoid, the pit thin-walled. Testa of the seed adherent to the endocarp; cotyledons semi- globose, fleshy; endosperm none. [Greek, Krug's tree, in honor of Leopold Krug, a student of the West Indian flora.] A monotypic genus. 1. Krugiodendron ferreum (Yahl) Urban, Symb. Ant. 3: 314. 1902. Ehamnus ferreus Vahl in West, St. Croix 276. 1793. Ceanothus ferreus DC. Prodr. 2: 30. 1825. Scutia ferrea Brongn. Ann. Sci. Xat. I. 10: 363. 1827. Condalia ferrea Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I. 100. 1859. IRliamnidium ferreum Sargent, Gard. & Flor. 4: 16. 1891. A tree, attaining a maximum height of about 10 m.^ with a trunk diameter up to 5 dm., usually much smaller, often shrubby, the bark ridged, the branches spreading, the young twigs tomentulose. Leaves mostly opposite, ovate to oval, rather thin, 2-5 cm. long, obtuse or emarginate at the apex, rounded or nar- rowed at the base, bright green above, dull beneath, nearly glabrous when mature, the petioles 3-6 mm. long; flowers yellow-green, about 4 mm. wide, in axillary clusters much shorter than the leaves; calyx-lobes triangular-ovate; stamens a little shorter than the calyx; drupes globose or ovoid, black, 5-8 mm. long, the stone bony. Coastal scrub-lands and thickets. Lignum Vitae and Great Harbor Cays, South Cat Cay, Andros. New Providence, Eleuthera, Watling"s. Great Guana Cay, Great Exuma. Long Island, Fortune. Crooked. Acklin's and Inagua: — Florida; Cuba to Porto Rico, Anegada and St. Vincent ; Jamaica ; Bonaire. EHAMNACEAE. 257 3. SARCOMPHALUS P. Br.; Raf. Sylva Tell. 29. 1838. Shrubs or trees, often spinescentj with flat glabrous coriaceous entire petioled leaves, and small perfect bractless flowers in terminal panicles. Calyx 5-cleft, the lobes spreading. Petals 5, with a slender claw and a hooded limb. Disk undulate. Stamens 5, distinct, not longer than the petals; anthers extrorse. Ovary immersed in the disk, ovoid^ superior; styles 2; stigma obtuse. Fruit a small, nearly dry, ovoid or oblong drupe, the bony pit 2-celled, 2 seeded. [Greek, fleshy navel.] About 8 species, natives of the West Indies. Type species: Sarcomphaliis retusus Eaf. 1. Sarcomphalus Taylori Britton, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3: 445. 1905. A glabrous, densely branched shrub, 2 m. high or le?s, or a tree up to 6 m. high, some of the branches long and prostrate, the bark gray, the twigs green, angled, unarmed, or occasionally with a spine 1-2 cm. long in the upper axils. Leaves alternate, obovate, bright green on both sides, but a little paler beneath than above, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, 2 cm. wide or less, emarginate or rounded at the apex, narrowed at the base, 3-nerved just above the base, the veins elevated on the upper STirface, and impressed on the lower; petioles about 2 mm. long; flowers in small clusters at the ends of the branches, green, glabrous, 3 mm. broad, on pedicels 2 mm. long; calyx campanulate, 5-lobed, the lobes ovate, acute, 1 mm. long; petals clawed, hooded, about as long as the calyx-lobes and the stamens; ovary oblong, tipped with two slightly divergent styles; fruit oblong, about 8 mm. long. Low rocky coppices and rocky scrub-lands, Allen's Cay. Rose Island, Eleuthera, Little San Salvador. Cat Island, Conception, Watling's. Ship Channel Cay, Cay north of Wide Opening, Great Exuma, Fortune Island, East Caicos, South Caicos, Grand Turk, Little Inagua and Inagua : — Mona. Taylor's Sarcomphalt:s. 4. COLUBRINA Rich.; Brongn. Ann. Sci. Nat. I. 10: 368. 1827. Trees or shrubs, with alternate, petioled leaves, and small perfect yellow or greenish flowers in axillary clusters. Calyx-tube hemispheric, the 5 lobes spreading. Disk angled or lobed. Petals 5, hooded. Stamens 5, the short filaments slender. Ovary immersed in the disk, 3-celled. ovules 1 in each cavity; styles 3, united below; stigmas blunt. Drupe small, 3-lobed or 3-grooved, splitting into 3 nutlets, its flesh thin. Seeds smooth and shining, the endo- sperm thin. [Latin, coluber, a serpent.] About 15 species, 1 of them Asiatic, the others of tropical America. Type species: Colubrina ferruginosa Brongn. Leaves thin, elliptic to .ovate-lanceolate acute, glabrous, or nearly so. 1. C. reclinata. Leaves thick. Leaves oblong or elliptic, velutinous on both sides. 2. C. ctihaisis. Leaves ovate to elliptic, pointed, smooth above, ferruginous beneath. 3. C. coluhriua. 1. Colubrina reclinata (L'Her.) Brongn. Ann. Sci. Nat. I. 10: 309. 1827. CeonotJius reclinatus L'Her. Sert. Angl. 6. 17SS. A tree, sometimes 20 m. high with a trunk diameter up to 1.5 m., usually much smaller, with orange-brown furrowed bark which exfoliates in thin layers, the young twigs finely pubescent. Leaves elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, rather thin, 4-8 cm. long, acute or bluntish at the apex, rounded or narrowed at the 2-glandular base, the slender petioles 5-15 mm. long; flower-clusters pubescent. 258 RHAMXACEAE. as long as the petioles or shorter ; ealyx-lobes acute ; petals hooded, shorter than the calyx-lobes j style slender; fruit globose, orange-red, 8-10 mm. in diameter. Rocky scrub-lands and coppices, Andros, Mangrove Cay, New Providence, Eleu- thera, Cat Island, Long Island and Grand Turk : — ^Florida ; Cuba to Anegada and to Martinique ; Jamaica. Smooth Snake-bark. Catesby, 1 : itl. 10. 2. Colubrina cubensis (Jacq.) Brongn. Ann. Sci. Nat. I. 10: 369. 1827. Bhamnus cuhensis Jacq. Enum. 16. 1760. Ceanothiis cubensis Lam. Tabl. Encyc. 2: 90. 1797. A shrub or a small tree up to 5 m. high, the twigs, leaves, and inflorescence densely velvety-pubescent. Leaves oblong or elliptic, 4-10 cm, long, 1-5 cm. wide, rather thick, rounded or acute at the apex, rounded or obtuse at the base, strongly pinnately veined, the petioles 5-15 mm. long; flower-clusters peduncled, longer than the petioles; pedicels 4-9 mm. long; calyx densely pubescent, its lobes triangular-ovate, acute, about 2 mm. long; petals yellow, about as long as the ealyx-lobes; fruit globose, about 7 mm. in diameter. Scrub-lands, Andros, near Nicoll's Town : — Florida ; Cuba ; Hispaniola. Cuban SXAKE-BAEK. 3. Colubrina colubrina (Jacq.) Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 69. 1900. Hhammis coluhrimis Jacq. Enum. 16. 1760. Colubrina ferruginosa Brongn. Ann. Sci. Nat. I. 10: 369. 1827. ?Celastrus ovata Hill, Veg. Syst. 13: 62, pi. 12. 1768. A shrub or tree, 8 m. high or less, or in Jamaica sometimes forming a tree up to 15 m. high, the twigs and young leaves brownish tomentulose. Leaves ovate to elliptic, subcoriaceous, 5-10 cm. long, obtusish, acute or short-acumi- nate at the apex, rounded or subcordate at the base, the pubescent petioles 5-20 mm. long, the upper surface glabrous when mature, the under surface permanently tomentulose; flower-clusters pubescent, mostly shorter than the petioles; calyx-lobes ovate, obtuse; petals spatulate, yellow, shorter than the calyx-lobes, notched; fruit obovoid-globose, 8-9 mm. in diameter, nearly black. Rocky coppices, scrub-lands and pine-lands, Abaco, Great Bahama, Andros, Green Cay, New Providence, Cat Island, Rum Cay, Great Exuma, Long Island, Great Ragged Island, Acklin's. Mariguana, Inagua, Anguilla Isles, Cay Sal and Grand Turk : — Florida ; Cuba to Virgin Gorda, St. Croix and Saba ; Barbadoes ; Jamaica ; Cayman Islands. Common Snake-bark. Bitters. 5. GOUANIA Jacq. Stirp. Sel. Am. 263. 1763. Woody vines, climbing by tendrils, with alternate petioled broad leaves, and small polygamous flowers in panicled spikes or narrow racemes. Calyx obconic, with 5 spreading lobes. Disk 5-angled or 5-horned. Petals 5, hooded. Stamens 5, short. Ovary immersed in the disk, 3-celled; ovules 1 in each cavity; styles 3, united at the base; stigmas very small. Fruit dry, 3-winged, separating into 3 nutlets. Seeds shining. [Commemorates Antoine Gouan, 1733-1821, professor in Montpellier.] Type species: Gouania tomentosa Jacq. 1. Gouania lupuloides (L.) Urban, Symb. Ant. 4: 378. 1910. Banisteria lupuloides L. Sp. PI. 427. 1753. Gouania domingensis L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1663. 1763. Gouania glabra Jacq. Stirp. Sel. Am. 264. 1763. A woody vine, sometimes 7 m. long, climbing by coiled tendrils, the branches glabrous below, loosely pubescent above. Leaves ovate to elliptic, thin, 3-9 cm. long, glabrous or sparingly pubescent, serrate with blunt teeth, VITACEAJ5. 259 acute or short-acuminate at the apex, subcordate or rounded at the base, the veins slender, the petioles 5-15 mm. long; racemes slender, pubescent, 5-15 cm. long; pedicels clustered, pubescent, 1-3 mm. long; calyx pubescent, about 1.5 mm. long; corolla yellowish, 2-3 mm. wide, the petals ovate, acute; fruit reticu- late-veined, 3-winged, 8-10 mm. broad including the wings which are broader than the body, rarely wingless. Coppices, Andros, New Providence: — Florida; Cuba to Tortola and Grenada; Jamaica ; continental tropical America. Chew-stick. Family 2. VITACEAE Lindl. Grape Family. Climbing vines or erect shrubs, with copious watery sap, nodose joints, alternate petioled leaves, and small regular greenish perfect or polygamo- dioeeious flowers, in panicles, racemes or cymes. Calyx entire or 4—5- toothed. Petals 4-5, separate or coherent, valvate, caducous. Filaments subulate, inserted at the base of the disk or between its lobes; disk some- times obsolete or wanting; anthers 2-celled. Ovary 1, generally immersed in the disk, 2-6-celled; ovules 1-2 in each cavity, ascending, anatropous. Fruit a 1-6-celled berry (commonly 2-celled). Seeds erect; testa bony; raphe generally distinct; endosperm cartilaginous; embryo short. About 10 genera and over 500 species, widely distributed. Hypogynous disk of the flower annular or cup-shaped ; leaves simple or 3-foliolate. Petals cohering into a caducous cap. 1. Vitis. Petals distinct, spreading. 2. Cissus. Hypogynous disk wanting or obsolete ; leaves digitately 5—7- foliolate in our species. , 3. Parthcnocissus. 1. VITIS [Tourn.] L. Sp. PI. 202. 1753. Woody vines, rarely shrubby, mostly with tendrils. Leaves simple, usually palmately lobed or dentate. Stipules mainly small, caducous. Flowers mostly dioecious, or polygamo-dioecious, rarely perfect. Petals hypogynous or perigynous, coherent in a cap and deciduous without expanding. Disk annular or cup-shaped. Ovary 2-celled, rarely 3-4-celled; style very short, conic; ovules 2 in each cavity. Berry globose or ovoid, few-seeded, pulpy, edible in most species. [The ancient Latin name.] About 40 species, natives of warm and temperate regions. Type species: Vitis vinifera L. 1. Vitis Munsoniana Simpson; Planch, in DC. Monogr. 5: 615. 1887. Muscadinia Munsoniana Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 757. 1903. A vine up to 6 m. long or more, the young twigs glabrous, the bark smooth, the pith continuous through the nodes. Leaves suborbicular or reniform, thin, but rather firm in texture, 4-8 cm. broad, coarsely dentate, cordate at the base, glabrous above, pubescent in the axils of the veins beneath, the petioles as long as the blades or shorter; tendrils simple, very slender when young; panicles 2-8 cm. long; berries globose, 1-1.5 cm. in diameter, nearly black, acid, the skin thin, the seeds 3-5 mm. long. Coppices, pine-lands and scrub-lands, Abaco. Great Bahama, Andros, New Provi- dence : — Georgia ; Florida. Reported by Dolley as V. rarihani DC. ; recorded by Hitchcock, Coker and Mrs. Northrop as V. rotundifoUa Michx. Wild Gk^vpe. 260 VITACEAE. 2. CiSSUS L. Sp. PL 117. 1753. Mostly climbing vines with fleshy foliage. Leaves 3-foliolate or simple, when compound the leaflets commonly separating in drying. Flowers mostly perfect. Petals usually 4, spreading. Disk cup-shaped, adnate to the base of the ovary, mostly 4-lobed. Disk cup-like^ 4-lobed. Stamens 4. [Greek, ivy.] A large genus, mostly tropical. Type species: Cissus vitiginea L. Leaves simple. 1. C. sicyoides. Leaves trifoliolate. Fruit tubercled : leaflets 8-6 cm. long. 2. C. tuhcrculata. Fruit smooth ; leaflets 1-3 cm. long. Leaflets ovate to obovate, deeplj' and sharply serrate, very fleshy. 3. C. trifoUata. Leaflets oblong to oblong-lanceolate, sparingly toothed, slightly fleshy. 4. C. intermedia. 1. Cissus sicyoides L. Syst. ed. 10, 897. 1759 A vine, climbing to a height of 6 m. or more, the foliage pubescent or nearly glabrous. Leaves simple, petioled, ovate or ovate-oblong, 2-8 cm. long, acute or acuminate at the apex, truncate or cordate at the base, serrate, the teeth acute or bristle-tipped, the petioles 1-4 cm. long; tendrils slender, often as long as the leaves ; cymes peduncled ; berries subglobose, black, 8-10 mm. in diameter; seeds 4-5 mm. long. Rocky coppices and scrub-lands, Andros, New Providence and Eleuthera : — Ber- muda ; Florida ; the West Indies and continental tropical America. Common Cissus. 2. Cissus tutoerculata Jacq. Hort. Schoen. 1: 14. pi. 32. 1797. A somewhat woody, rather fleshy vine, up to 6 m. long or longer, glabrous or nearly so, the stems usually tuberculate. Leaves long-petioled, 3-foliolate; leaflets ovate to elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, 3-6 cm. long, obtuse or acute at the apex, narrowed or rounded at the base, low-serrate or nearly entire, the lateral ones oblique; cymes compound, slightly and sparingly pubescent; pedicels 10 mm. long or less; petals red or pink, reflexed, ovate, acute; berry obovoid, tubercled or at length smooth, black, 6-8 mm. in diameter. Rocky open places and coppices. Great Bahama, Andros. New Providence and Eleuthera : — Cuba. Reported by Mrs. Northrop and by Coker as C mxcrocarpa Vahl. Warty Cissrs. Catesby, 2 : pi. -)8. 3. Cissus trifoliata L. Syst. ed. 10, 897. 1759. Sicyos trifoliata L. Sp. PI. 1013. 1753. Cissus acida L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 170. 1762. A very fleshy vine up to 5 m. long, glabrous throughout. Leaves 3-foli- olate; leaflets ovate to obovate or suborbicular, 1-3 cm. long, sharply toothed above the middle, narrowed or cuneate at the base ; flowers in compound cymes ; berries globose to ovoid, dark purple, apiculate, 5-7 mm. in diameter, the fruit- ing pedicels recurved; seeds obovoid. Rocky plains and scrub-lands. Long Island. Acklin's, East Caicos and Little Inagua : — Florida; Jamaica; Cuba to Virgin Gorda and St. Croix; lecorded south to Martinique and from northern South America. Thick-leaved Cissus. 4. Cissus intermedia A. Rich. Ess. PI. Cub. 1: 311. 1845. A slender, slightly fleshy vine, sometimes 2 m. long or longer, the branches and leaves glabrous, the stems and branches sometimes warty or tuberculate. Leaves slender-petioled, trifoliolate; leaflets oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 1.5-3 cm. long, mostly acute, sparingly serrate, the terminal one equilateral, TILIACEAE. 261 mostly cimeate-narrowed at the base, the lateral ones oblique ; cymes compound, glabrous; pedicels 2-6 mm. long; petals red, reflexed, ovate-lanceolate, acute; berry subglobose, black, about 7 mm. in diameter, smooth. Kocky places, Andros, New Trovidence, Eleutheru, Grand Turk : — Cuba, lie- corded by Mrs. Northrop as Cissiis sp. Bull-vine. 3. PARTHENOCISSUS Planch, in DC. Mon. Phan. 5=^: 447. 1887. Woody vines, the tendrils often tipped w-ith adhering expansions (disks), or sometimes merely coiling, our species with digitately compound leaves. Flowers perfect, or polygamo-monoecious, in compound cymes or panicles. Petals 5, spreading. Stamens 5. Ovary 2-celled; ovules 2 in each cavity; style short, thick. Berry 1-4-seeded, the flesh thin, not edible. About 10 species, natives of Eastern North America and Asia^ the following typical. 1. Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch, in DC. Mon. Phan. 5=: 448. 1887. Hedera quinquefolia L. Sp. PI. 202. 1753. Ampelopsis quinquefolia Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 160. 1803. Parthenocissus quinquefolia latifoUa Rchdcr Trees and Shrubs 1: 184. 1905. Tendrils usually numerous, and provided with terminal adhering ex- pansions*, the vine sometimes supported also by aerial roots; leaflets oval, ellip- tic, or oblong-lanceolate, 5-15 cm. long, narrowed at the base, coarsely toothed, at least above the middle, glabrous or somewhat pubescent; panicles ample, erect or spreading in fruit ; berries blue, 6-10 mm. in diameter, usually 2-3- seeded; peduncles and pedicels red. Coppices and scrub-lands, Abaco, Great Bahama, Andros, New Providence, Great Exuma : — Quebec to Manitoba ; Florida and Mexico ; Bermuda ; Cuba. Consists of several races. Virgixia Cheeper. Order 16. MALVALES. Herbs, shrubs or trees, with simple, mostly alternate leaves. Flowers regular, usually perfect. Sepals separate, or more or less united, valvate. Petals separate, very rarely wanting. Stamens usually numerous. Ovaiy superior, compound, the placentae united in its axis. Disk inconspicuous or none. Stamens twice as many as the sepals, or more. Stamens in several sets ; anthers 2-celled ; embryo straight. Fam. 1. Tiliaceae. Stamens monadelphous ; anthers 1-celled ; embryo curved. Style branches as many or twice as many as the carpels or ovary-cavities. Fam. 2. Malvaceae. Style entire, or merely lobed. Fam. 8. Bombacackae. Stamens as many as the sepals. Fam. 4. SxEucrLiACEAE. Family 1. TILIACEAE Juss. Linden Family. Trees, shrubs or herbs, mth alternate (rarely opposite) simple leaves, mostly small and deciduous stipules, and solitary cymose or paniculate, usuallv perfect flowers. Sepals 5, rarely 3 or 4, valvate, deciduous. Petals of the same number, or fewer, or none, mostly imbricated in the bud. Stamens co, mostly 5-10-adelphous. Ovary 1. sessile, 2-10-celled; ovules 262 TILIACEAE. anatropous; styles united. Fruit 1-10-eelled, drupaceous or baccate. Cotyledons ovate or orbicular; endosperm fleshy, rarely wanting. About 35 genera and 275 species, widely distributed, the Bahama species herbs or low shrubs. Fruit a loculicidal capsule without prickles. 1. Corchorns. Fruit indehiscent, prickly, separating into its carpels at maturity. 2. Triumfetta. 1. CORCHORUS [Tourn.] L. Sp. PI. 529. 1753. Herbs or low shrubs, with alternate serrate leaves, and yellow, solitary or clustered flowers, axillary or opposite the leaves. Sepals and petals 5, rarely 4. Stamens twice as many as the petals or more numerous ; filaments filiform, simple; anthers introrse. Ovary superior, 2-5-celled; ovules numerous in each cavity; stigma dilated, undulate. Capsule linear or oblong, many-seeded. [Greek, for some bitter plant.] About 40 species of tropical and subtropical distribution. Type species: Corchorns oUtorius L. Capsule glabrous or pubescent. Capsule 5-celled, with 5 short points ; basal serratures of leaves long-bristled. 1. C. oUtorius. Capsule 2-celled, with 2 bifid teeth ; basal serratures of leaf not bristled. 2. C. siliquosus. Capsule densely woolly, 3. C. hirsutus. 1. Corchorus olitorius L. Sp. PI. 529. 1753. Herbaceous, glabrous, 1.5-3 m. high. Stipules setaceous, 1-2 cm. long; leaves oblong-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, 5-12 cm. long, acute or acuminate at the apex, mostly obtuse at the base, serrate all around, the basal teeth recurved, tipped by a filiform appendage 1-2 cm. long; flowers mostly solitary at the nodes, short-peduncled; sepals 5-6 mm. long, subulate-tipped; petals a little longer than the sepals; capsule linear, 4-5 cm. long, 3-4 mm. thick, 5-celled, tipped by 5 short teeth, its cells septate. Waste and cultivated land, naturalized, New Providence, near Nassau : — Natu- ralized from tropical regions of the Old World ; also in Jamaica and Trinidad. Indian Corchorus. Granigrain. 2. Corchorus siliquosus L. Sp. PI. 529. 1753. Shrubby, branched, 3-10 dm. high, glabrous, or the young branches and leaves puberulent or pubescent, the branches often with a line of hairs. Leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 1-5 cm. long, serrate, acute or acuminate at the apex, mostly rounded or obtuse at the base, the short petioles slender ; flowers solitary or 2 together, short-peduncled, the pedicels about as long as the peduncles; sepals linear, acute, about 6 mm. long; petals obovate, about 5 mm. long; capsule linear, glabrous, or when young somewhat pubescent, 5-8 cm. long, about 3 mm. thick, 2-celled, tipped by 2 short bifid teeth. Waste and cultivated land, coppices and scrub-lands. Abaco, Andros, Great Bahama. New Providence, Eleuthera, Crooked Island, Acklin's. Fortune Islands and North Caicos : — Florida ; Cuba to Tortola and Trinidad ; Texas to Colombia and Guiana ; Jamaica. Smooth Corchorus. 3. Corchorus hirsutus L. Sp. PI. 530. 1753. A shrub, 2 m. high or less, usually erect, but on rocks sometimes nearly prostrate, the- young twigs, the leaves and the inflorescence densely pale scurfy- tomentulose. Leaves short-petioled, ovate to oblong-lanceolate, crenate-dentate, 2-6 cm. long, mostly obtuse; flowers in small umbels opposite the leaves, the peduncle about as long as the pedicels; sepals tomentulose, 5-6 mm. long; MALA'ACEAE. 263 petals obovate, bright yellow, about as long as the sepals; capsule oblong, densely tomentose, obtuse, 4-celled, as long as the curved pedicels or longer, about 6 mm. thick. A common shrub in pastures, coppices and scrub-lands, throughout the archi- pelago from Abaco. Great Bahama and Andros to Grand Turk and Inagua : — West Indies; Mexico to tropical South America. Recorded by Dolley as CcncJirus hhsuUis. Woolly Corchorus. Mallet. Jack Switch. 3. TRIUMFETTA L. Sp. PI. 444. 1753. Herbs or low shrubs, with alternate broad petioled leaves, and yellow clustered flowers, axillary or opposite the leaves. Sepals 5. Petals 5, pitted at the base, or wanting in some species. Stamens numerous, borne on an elongated receptacle, the filaments filiform, the anthers introrse. Ovary borne in the cup-shaped top of the receptacle, 2-5-celled; stigma 2-o-lobed; ovules 2 in each cavity. Capsule subglobose, echinate. [In honor of G. B. Triumfetti, an Italian botanist.] About 70 species, of tropical and warm regions. Type species : Triumfetta Lappida. L. 1. Triumfetta semitriloba Jacq. Enum. 22. 1760. Triumfetta althaeoides Lam. Encycl. 3: 420. 1791. Annual, stellate-tomentulose. Stems 1-1.5 m. tall, branched; leaves ovate, rhombic or suborbicular in outline, 3-6 em. long, serrate, angulate or often 3-lobed, rounded or truncate at the base ; petioles as long as the blades or shorter; panicles narrow, elongated; sepals lanceolate, 5-6 mm. long, ap- pendaged below the apex; petals cuneate-spatulate, slightly pubescent at the base ; stamens often 15 ; fruit 1-5 mm. in diameter, 2-celled, copiously prickly, the prickles about as long as the diameter of the body, hooked at the ap€x. A weed in waste and cultivated land, Abaco. Andros. New Providence. Eleu- thera and Watling's Island : — Bermuda ; Florida ; West Indies ; continental tropical America. A species represented by many races, differing in leaf-form and in minor intermixed characters. Burr Bush. Family 2. MALVACEAE Neck. ]\Iallow Family. Herbs or shrubs (sometimes trees in tropical regions), with alternate leaves. Stipules small, deciduous. Flowers regular, usually perfect, often large. Sepals 5 (rarely 3 or 4), more or less united, usually valvate; calyx often bracted at the base. Petals 5, hypogynous. convolute. Stamens co, hypogynous, forming* a central column around the pistil, united wath the bases of the petals; anthers 1-celled. Ovaiy several- celled; styles united below, distinct above, and generally projecting beyond the stamen-column, mostly as many as the cavities of the ovary. Fruit capsular (rarely a berry), several-celled, the carpels falling away entire or else loculicidally dehiscent. Seeds reniform. globose or obovoid; embryo curved; cotyledons large, plicate or condiiplicate. About 45 genera and 900 species, widely distributed. Fruit of several or many radiately arranged carpels which mostly separate from each other at maturity. Carpels as many as the stigmas. Carpels 2-several-seeded. Involucre present. 1. PJu/mosia. 264 MALA'ACEAE. Involucre none. Carpels leathery or chartaceous. 2. Ahtttilon. Carpels membranous, bladder}-. 3. Gayoides. Carpels only 1-seeded. Flowers with an involucre. 4. Malvastrum. Flowers without an involucre. Carpels separating at maturity. 5. Sida. Carpels permanently united. " 6. Bastardia. Carpels half as many as the stigmas. Carpels dry, achene-Iike. Carpels with a dorsal spine. 7. Pavonia. Carpels not spined. 8. Malache. Carpels fleshy, the fruit drupe-like. 9. Malvuviscus. Fruit a loculicidal capsule, or rarely indehiscent. Styles distinct. Herbs and shrubs ; capsule without false partitions. Calyx 5-toothed or 5-cleft. 10. Hibiscus. Calyx spathaceous. 11. Abclmoschus. Tree ; capsule with false partitions. 12. Pariti. Styles united. Bractlets of the involucre entire, small : fruit indehiscent. 13. Thespcsia. Bractlets of the involucre lacinate, large ; capsule loculicid- ally dehiscent. 14. Gossypium. 1. PHYMOSIA Desv. in Hamilt. Prodr. 49. 1825. Herbs or shrubs. Bractlets 3, distinct, or united at the base. Stamen- column anther-bearing at the summit. Cavities of the ovary S-x, 2-3-ovuled. Style-branches the same number as the ovary-cavities, stigmatic at the apex; carpels 2-valved, not septate between the seeds, separating from the axis at maturity. Seeds reniform. [Greek, swollen, referring to the somewhat inflated carpels of the following typical species.] About 40 species, natives of America and South Africa. 1. Phymosia abutiloides (L.) Desv. in Hamilt., Prodr. 50. 1825. Malva abutiloides L. Sp. PI. ed, 2, 971. 1763. SpJiaeralcea abutiloides G. Don, Gen. Hist. 1: 465. 1831. Abutilon Eggersii E. Baker, Jour. Bot. 31: 75. 1893. An erect, sparingly branched shrub up to about 3 m. high, densely stellate- tomentose. Leaves nearly orbicular in outline, the lower often 2 dm. broad, sharply 5-7-lobed, the lobes serrate, acute or acuminate, the stout petioles shorter than the blades; upper leaves much smaller; flowers corymbose in the upper axils, or forming a terminal panicle; involucel-bractlets linear, deciduous, shorter than the calyx; calyx 5-toothed, its teeth triangular-ovate, acute; petals pink or rose, white-veined, red-streaked at base, 1-1.5 cm. long; carpels about 20, stellate-tomentose on the back, at length glabrous, reniform, obtuse, 1 cm. long; seeds black. Scrub-lands and coppices, Abaco. Great Bahama, New Providence, Eleuthera. Endemic. Bahama Phymosia. Catesby, 1 : ph 77. 2. ABUTILON [Tourn.] Mill. Gard. Diet. Abr. Ed. 4. 1754. Herbs or shrubs, sometimes trees in tropical countries, mostly soft-pubes- cent, with cordate angular or lobed leaves and axillary flowers. Involucels none. Calyx 5-cleft. Cavities of the ovary 5-co, 3-9-ovuled. Style-branches the same number as the ovary-cavities, stigmatic at the apex; carpels 2-valved, often rostrate, falling away from the axis at maturity. Seeds reniform, the upper ascending, the lower pendulous or horizontal. [Name given by the cele- brated Arabian physician Avicenna (Ibn Sina), died 1037.] About 100 species, natives of warm and tropical regions. Type species: Sida Ahiitilon L. MALVACEAE. 265 Carpels 15-30, thin, merely acute. 1. A.hirtum. Carpels 5-10, cliartaceous to coriaceous, subulate-beaked. Carpels attenuate-beaked, flowers 2-2.5 cm. broad. Leaves not strongly reticulate-veined beneath ; carpels 1 cm. long. 2. A. pcrmollc. Leaves distinctly reticulate-veined beneath; carpels 1.5 cm. long. 3. A. abutiloidcs. Carpels abruptly minutely beaked. Carpels puberulent. • 4. A. tristilcatum. Carpels villous. 5. A. iiuiicifiorum. 1. Abutilon hirtum (Lam.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. 1: 53. 1827. Sida hirta Lam. Encyel. 1: 7. 1783. Abutilon indicum hirtum Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I. 78. 1859. Perennial, velvety-canescent and villous-viscid, branched, 1-5 dm. high. Leaves ovate or nearly orbicular, 15 cm. long or less, cordate at the base, irreg- ularly crenate, the petioles as long as the blades or shorter; peduncles mostly shorter than the petioles, sometimes as long; calyx somewhat enlarged in fruit, its ovate lobes acute or acuminate ; petals yellow, commonly with a purple base, 1.5-2 cm. long; carpels 15-30, very thin, a little longer than the calyx, 8-10 mm. long, mucronulate. Waste lands, Harbor Island ; New Providence ( ?) : — Florida : Cuba to St. Thomas and Barbadoes ; Jamaica ; Old ^yorld tropics. Recorded by DoUey as Ahutilon indicum G. Don. Hairy Abutilon. 2. Abutilon permolle (Willd.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. 1: 53. 1827. Sida permollis Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 723. 1809. Perennial, velvety, 0.6-1.5 m. high, branched, the branches slender. Leaves ovate, 2.5-10 cm. long, acuminate at the apex, rather deeply cordate at the base, crenulate, white-tomentulose beneath, the petioles as long as the blades or shorter ; calyx scarcely enlarged in fruit, its ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acumi- nate lobes longer than the tube; petals yellow, obovate, 1-1.5 cm. long, carpels 7-10, slender-beaked, longer than the calyx, nearly 1 cm. long. Waste places and scrub-lands, Little Harbor Cay, New Providence, Eleuthera, Little San Salvador, the Exumas to Long Island, Crooked Island, Fortune Island, Inagua, East Caicos and Anguilla Isles : — Florida ; Cuba ; Jamaica. Velvety Abutilon. 3. Abutilon abutiloides (Jacq.) Garcke, Bot. Jahrb. 15: 485. 1893. Sida abutiloides Jacq. Obs. 1: 17. 1764. Abutilon lignosum G. Don, Gen. Hist. 1: 501. 1831. A shrub, up to 1.5 m. high, the twigs densely stellate-tomentose. Leaves broadly ovate, 2-8 em. long, serrate nearly all around, stellate-tomentulose on both sides, reticulate-veined beneath, acuminate at the apex, cordate at the base, the petioles somewhat shorter than the blades; peduncles longer than the petioles; calyx little enlarged in fruit, its broadly ovate acuminate tomentu- lose lobes sharply acuminate; petals bright yellow, about 1 cm. long; carpels 7-10, slender-beaked, about 1.5 cm. long. Waste places. Harbor Island, Long Island : — Cuba ; llispaniola ; Jamaica ; Mex- ico. Bushy Abutilon. 4. Abutilon trisulcatum (Jacq.) Britton Sc Millspaugh. Sida trisulcaia Jacq. Enum. 26. 1760. Abutilon triqnetnun Presl, Keliq. Ilaenk. 2: 115. 1835. A shrub, 1-1.6 m. high, with slender ascending densely tomentulose branches. Leaves ovate, slender-petioled, 4-12 cm. long, crenate or crenulate, finely velvety on both sides, the upper ones much smaller than the lo^ve^; 18 266 MALVACEAE. flowers solitary and slender-peduncled in tlie axils of leaf-like bracts, or sub- panicnlate; calyx 4-5 mm. long, its lobes triangular-ovate, acuminate; petals yellow, reddish blotched at the base, 5-7 mm. long; carpels about 5, stellate- pubemlent, short-tipped, about 8 mm. long. Scrub-lands, New Providence and Great Exuma : — Cuba ; Mexico. 5. AbutUon pauciflorum St. Hil. Fl. Bras. Mer. 1: 206. 1825. A densely stellate-tomentose shrub, 6 dm. high, or higher. Leaves orbicu- lar-ovate, 5-7 em. long, obtuse, acute or short-acuminate at the apex, deeply cordate at the base, crenate, the petiole as long as the blade or shorter; peduncles axillary, about as long as the petioles; calyx 10-12 mm. long; its lobes ovate, acute or acuminate; petals somewhat longer than the calyx; carpels 8-10, densely villous, 2-cuspidate. Waste grounds, Long Island, at Clarence Town : — Florida ; Jamaica ; Cuba ; Mexico to Paraguay. Woolly Abutilox. 3. GAYOIDES Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 764. 1903. A slender perennial finely velvety and often also villous herb, with petioled ovate cordate leaves and solitary axillary filiform-peduncled, whitish flowers. Involucels none. Calyx deeply 5-cleft. Petals 5, distinct. Carpels numerous, 1-celled, membranous and inflated in fruit, the apex rounded; styles slender; stigmas terminal; ovules 2-6 in each carpel. Seeds glabrous. [Simi- lar to the genus Gaya.] A monotypic genus. 1. Gayoides crispum (L.) Small, Fl. SE. IJ. S. 764. 1903. Sida crispa L. Sp. PI. 685. 1753. AbutUon crispum Medic. Malv. 29. 1787. Usually much branched, the branches diffuse or ascending, 3-10 dm. long. Leaves thin, broadly ovate, 2-7 cm. long, acute or acuminate at the apex, deeply cordate at the base, crenate or crenulate, the petioles equalling the blades, or shorter, sometimes very short; peduncles as long as the leaves, or shorter, jointed below the flower; calyx velvety and often villous, its lobes ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, 4-6 mm. long; petals pale yellow or whitish, obovate, about twice as long as the calyx; fruiting head of carpels 12-20 mm. thick, the inflated carpels somewhat pubescent. Waste and cultivated lands, throughout the archipelago from Abaco and Great Bahama to Caicos, Grand Turk, Ambergris Cay, Inagua and the Anguilla Isles and Water Cav : — Southern United States ; West Indies, east to St. Thomas, south to Grenada ; 'Mexico to tropical America ; Old World tropics. Recorded by Dolley as Ahutilon filiforme Jacq. Low Abutilon. 4. MALVASTRUM A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II. 4: 21. 1849. Herbs, with entire cordate or divided leaves, and solitary or racemose, short-pedicelled perfect flowers. Calyx 5-cleft. Bractlets of the involucels small, 1-3 or none. Cavities of the ovary 5-co, 1-ovuled. Style-branches of the same number, stigmatic " at the summit only, forming capitate stigmas ; carpels indehiscent or imperfectly 2-valved, falling away from the axis at maturity, their apices pointed or beaked. Seed ascending. [Greek, star-mal- low.] About 75 species, natives of America and S. Africa. Type species: Malvastrum coccineum (Pursh) A. Gray. Carpels with a short filiform awn; flowers mostly solitary. 1. 21. coromandeliatium. Carpels not awned ; flowers mostly capitate. 2. M. corchorifolium. MALVACEAE. 267 1. Malvastnim coromandelianum (L.) Garcke, Bonplandia 5: 297. 1857. Malva coromandeliana L. Sp. PI. 687. 1753, Malvastrum tricuspidatum A. Gray, PL Wright. 1 : 10. 1852. Malvastrum americanum Torrey, Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 38. 1859. Perennial, strigose-pubescent, branched, 3-10 dm. high. Leaves ovate to oblong-ovate, slender-petioled, 2-8 cm. long, acute, sharply serrate, the hairs of the upper surfaces mostly simple; flowers mostly solitary in the axils, on peduncles shorter than the petioles; involucels of 3 small bractlets; calyx-lobes triangular, acute, longer than its tube ; petals pale yellow, somewhat longer than the calyx, obliquely truncate; carpels 8-12, hirsute on top, with an awn near the inflexed apex and 2 beaks on the back. Waste grounds and cultivated soils, Great Bahama, North Bimini, Eleuthera, Watling's : — Bermuda ; Florida to Texas : the West Indies ; continental tropical America ; tropical and subtropical Asia. False Mallow. 2. Malvastnim corchorifolium (Desr.) Britton; Small, Fl. Miami 119. 1913. Malva corchorifoUa Desr. in Lam. Encycl. 3: 755. 1791. Malvastrum Bugelii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 367. 1882. Similar to the preceding species, about as pubescent and the leaves much alike in both, the hairs of the upper surfaces mostly forked. Flowers mostly in terminal heads 1-2 cm. long, or some of them solitary in the axils ; calyx- lobes triangular-ovate, acuminate; petals orange or yellow, longer than the calyx; carpels about 10 or fewer, hispidulous, beakless, or sometimes with a blunt protuberance. Waste and cultivated lands. Abaco, New Providence, Eleuthera, Cat Island, Fortune Island, Acklin's, Grand Turk. Inagua and Anguilla Isles : — Florida ; Cuba ; Virgin Gorda ; Jamaica. Rcgel's False Mailow. 5. SIDA L. Sp. PI. 683. 1753. ' Herbs, with serrate crenate or lobed leaves, and perfect flowers. Bractlets of the involucels none. Calyx 5-toothed or 5-cleft. Cavities of the ovary 5-co, 1-ovuled; style-branches of the same number, stigmatie at the summit. Carpels indehiscent, or at length 2-valved at the apex. Seed pendulous. [Greek, used by Theophrastus.] About 75 species, natives of the warmer parts of America, Asia, Africa and Australasia. Type species: Sida alnifolia L. Flowers capitate, congested at the apices of the branches, their peduncles adnate to the long-ciliate bracts. 1. S. ciliaris. Flowers solitary or variously clustered, not adnate to the floral bracts. Calyx angular. Leaves narrowed or rounded at the base. Leaves short-petioled. 2. S. carpinifolia. Leaves long-petioled. 3, S. spinosa. Leaves distinctly cordate at the base. Plants prostrate, creeping, leaves sub-orbicular. 4. iS?. hcdcracfolia. Plants erect or diffuse, leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolato. Flowers glomerate, very short-pedicelled ; plants with stinging hairs. 5. S. urcna. Flowers solitary or few together, slender-pedicelled. Leaves acuminate, plants erect. <>. «^. (jJutinosa. Leaves obtuse or merely acutish, plants diffuse. 7. .*>«'. procumbena. Calyx-tube terete. 8- S. acuminuta. 1, Sida ciliaris L. Syst. ed. 10, 1145. 1759. Perennial, strigose-pubescent, diffusely branched at the base from a deep woody root, the slender branches prostrate or ascending, 1-3 dm. long. Leaves 268 MALVACEAE. oblong or elliptic, 0.7-3.5 cm. long^ obtuse or emarginate at the apex^ mostly obtuse at the base, serrate, mostly above the middle, slender-petioled, usually glabrous above and stellate pubescent beneath; flowers clustered at the ends of the branches, their short peduncles adnate to the petioles of the foliaceous bracts; stipules linear or linear-spatulate, long-ciliate, about as long as the petioles; calyx hirsute, its triangular acute lobes about as long as the nearly terete tube; petals red, yellow or purplish, blotched at the base, 6-12 mm. long; carpels 5-8, wrinkled or tubercled, 2 -beaked. Rocky soils and cultivated grounds. Great Sturrup Cay to New Providence, Eleutliera, Atwood's, Fortune Island, East Caicos, and In'agua : — Florida ; West Indies ; tropical continental America. Feinged Sida. 2. Sida carpinifolia L. f. Suppl. 307. 1781. Sida acuta carpinifolia K. Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 12^: 326. 1891. Sida antillensis Urban, Symb. Ant. 5: 418. 1908. Puberulent or glabrous. Stems erect, 3-9 dm. tall, branching; leaves lanceolate, oblong-ovate or ovate, 2-10 cm. long, acute or acuminate, irregu- larly serrate, obtuse or subcordate at the base, the petioles 3-7 mm. long; stipules conspicuous, narrowly linear to lanceolate^ surpassing the petioles; peduncles mostly shorter than the pedicels, 1-7 mm. long; calyx 5-10-ribbed, its lobes triangular, slightly acuminate, about as long as the tube; petals yellow to white, 6-12 mm. long, carpels reticulate-wrinkled, 2-beaked. Fields and waste places, Abaco, Great Sturrup Cay, Andros, New Providence, Eleutliera to Watling's. Great Exiima. Long Island, Grand Turk and Inagua : — Bermuda : North Carolina to Florida and Tfxns : West Indies and tropical conti- nental America. Referred by Hitchcock to Sida ylomcrata Cav. Wire-weed. 3. Sida spinosa L. Sp. PI. 683. 1753. Sida angustifolia Lam. Encycl. 1: 4. 1783. Sida spinosa angustifolia Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I. 74. 1859. Annual, finely pubescent, 3-6 dm. high. Leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 2-5 cm. long, petioled, truncate or cordate at the base, crenate-dentate; flowers axillary, short-peduncled, yellow; peduncles shorter than the petioles; calyx- teeth triangular, acute ; carpels 5, dehiscent at the apex into 2 beaks ; stipules linear; petioles of the larger leaves with a small spine-like tubercle at the base. Waste and cultivated lands. Great Bahama, Great Sturrup Cay, New Providence, Eleuthera, Cat Island. Watling's, Great Exuma. Long Island, Fortune Island, East Caicos. Inagua and the Anguilla Isles :— New York to Kansas, Florida and Texas ; West Indies ; tropical continental America. False Mallow. 4. Sida hederaefolia Cav. Diss. 1: 8. 1785. Loosely stellate-pubescent or glabrate; stems branched at the base, the slender, trailing branches 3-5 dm. long. Leaves nearly orbicular, slender- petioled, 1-3 cm. broad, cordate, crenate-dentate, the petioles often longer than the blades; peduncles solitary in the axils, filiform, sometimes longer than the leaves; calyx about 4 mm. long, angled, its broadly ovate acute teeth about as long as the tube; petals yellow, somewhat longer than the calyx; carpels 2- aristate. Waste places and roadsides, Great Bahama at Eight Mile Rocks : — Cuba to Porto Rico. lATT-LEA-S-ED SiDA. 5. Sida iirens L. Syst. ed. 10, 1145. 1759. Harshly hirsute, erect, ascending, weak, branched or sometimes simple, 3-15 dm. high. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 2.5-8 cm. long, acute or acuminate at the apex, cordate at the base, slender-petioled, serrate, loosely stellate- pubescent; flowers subsessile in axillary and terminal, usually dense clusters, MALVACEAE. 269 or some of them axillary, solitary and short-pedicelled ; calyx hirsute, 5-cleft, angular, 6-7 mm. long, its triangular-ovate, acute or acuminate teeth about as long as the tube; petals yellow, reddish at base; carpels 5, glabrous 2- denticulate. ' Waste and cultivated land, New Trovidence at Nassau : — Cuba to Porto Rico and Trinidad ; continental tropical America ; Old World tropics. Sticky Sida. 6. Sida glutinosa Comm.; Cav. Diss. 1: 16. 1785. Sida nervosa DC. Prodr. 1: 465, 1824. Erect, 5-10 dm. high, branched, the stem and branches densely tomentulose, somewhat glutinous, sometimes also with long spreading hairs. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, 8 cm. long or less, acuminate at the apex, cordate at the base, crenulate, the lower long-petioled, the upper usually much smaller than the lower and shorter-petioled; flowers 1-several in the axils or in terminal panicles; pedicels filiform, mostly much longer than the calyx, pubescent; calyx angled, 3-4 mm. long, its 5, broadly ovate, sharply acute teeth shorter than the tube; petals yellow, about twice as long as the calyx; carpels 5, pubescent above, 2-aristate. Waste and cultivated land, New Providence at Nassau : — Cuba to Porto Kico, St. Jan and Trmidad ; continental tropicai America : Old World tropics. Sticky Sida. 7. Sida procumbens Sw. Prodr. 101. 1788. Sida supina L'Her. Stirp. :N'ov. 109-. 1789. Branched at the base, the branches slender, prostrate or nearly so, 1-6 dm. long, densely puberulent, glabrate or pilose. Leaves ovate or ovate-orbicular, 1-2.5 cm. long, slender-petioled, crenate, obtuse at the apex, cordate at the base, densely puberulent on both sides; peduncles axillary, solitary, about as long as the leaves or shorter, or longer, filiform, s-ometimes pilose ; calyx about 4 mm. long, puberulent or pilose, its 5 ovate acuminate lobes somewhat shorter than the angled tube; petals pale yellow or white, 4-6 mm. long; carpels mostly 5, reticulate, 2-beaked, about 2 mm. long. Fields, pastures and waste places, New Providence, Eleuthera, Long Island, Fortune Island, South Caicos, Ambergris Cay and Inagua : — Florida ; West Indies ; continental tropical America. Creeping Sida. 8. Sida acuminata DC. Prodr. 1: 462. 1824. Sida acuminata Bracei E. Baker, Journ. Bot. 30: 295. 1892. Densely stellate-pubescent, usually branched, somewhat woody, erect, 5-8 dm. high, branched or sometimes simple. Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, rather short-petioled, 2-7 cm. long, acute, obtuse or acuminate at the apex, rounded, or subcordate at the base, low crenate-serrate; flowers few or solitary in the axils, and often in small terminal clusters, nearh' sessile or filiform- peduncled, the peduncles sometimes 2-3 cm. long; calyx 5-6 mm. long, terete, its 5, broadly ovate, acute teeth somewhat shorter than the tube; petals yellow, 4-5 mm. long; carpels 5-8, stellate-pubescent, scarcely beaked. Roadsides and waste places, Abaco, New Providence, Eleutbora. Cat Island, Rum Cay, Great Exuma, Long Island, Crooked Island, Fortune Island, Acklins and Mariguana, East Caicos: — Cuba to Virgin Gorda and Antigua; Central America. Races differ in the number and size of the flowers. A'elvety Sida. 6. BASTARDIA H.B.K. Nov. Gen. 5: 254. 1821. Velvety-pubescent or tomentose shrubs or perennial herbs, with petioled cordate leaves, and small yellow peduncled flowers, solitary or few in the axils. Involucel none. Calyx 5-toothed or 5-cleft. Petals 5. Stamen-column 270 MALVACEAE. divided into several or many filaments at the apex. Ovary 5-eelled; ovules 1 in each cavity, pendulous; style-branches 5; stigmas capitate. Capsule de- pressed-globose, 5-grooved, 3-5-valved. [Commemorates the French botanist T. Bastard.] Six known species, of tropical America. Type species: Bas- tardia parvifolia H.B.K. 1. Bastardia viscosa (,L.) H.B.K. Xov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 256. 1822. Sida viscosa L. iSyst. ed. 10, 1145. 1759. Finely velvety-pubescent and viscid, sometimes also pilose, erect, branched, 3-7 dm. high. Leaves ovate, 1-6 cm. long, acute or acuminate at the apex, cordate at the base, irregularly denticulate, the slender petioles as long as the blades or shorter; pedicels nearly filiform, longer than the petioles, often longer than the leaves, rarely not longer than the calyx ; calyx about 4 mm. long, its 5, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate teeth about as long as the tube ; petals yellow, 4-5 mm. long; capsule about as long as the calyx, its carpel-valves beakless. Waste lands, Eleuthera and Long Island : — West Indies ; Mexico to Colombia and Peru. Hitchcock's plant referred to this species is Sida glutinosa Comm. Viscid Bastakdia. 7. PAVONIA Cav. Diss. 3: 132. 1787. Shrubs or shrubby herbs. Leaves alternate, stipulate, angled or lobed. Flowers perfect, commonly solitary on axillary peduncles. Involucel of 5-15 bractlets. Calyx 5-lobed. Petals 5. Carpels 5, 1-celled; styles 10; stigmas capitate; ovules solitary. Mature carpels separating from axis, 1-3-spined on the back, more or less deeply 2-valved. Seeds solitary, ascending. [In honor of Joseph Pavon, Spanish botanist and explorer.] Sixty species or more, mostly of tropical distribution, the following typical. 1. Pavonia spinifex (L.) Cav. Diss. 3: 133. 1787. Hibiscus spinifex L. Syst. ed. 10, 1149. 1759. A branching shrub, 1-3 m. tall, hirsute and strigillose. Leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 5-10 cm. long, acute or somewhat acuminate, doubly crenate- dentate, truncate or subcordate at the base, the petioles densely pubescent; peduncles axillary, much longer than the petioles; bractlets of the involucel 5, linear to lanceolate, acute, nearly 1 cm. long; calyx about as long as the bractlets, its lobes lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate; petals yellow, 2.5 cm. long, cuneate; carpels 5-6 mm. high, with 1 medial and 2 lateral retrorsely barbed awns. Waste lands. New Providence and Long Island : — Bermuda ; South Carolina to Florida ; the West Indies and tropical continental America. Pavonia. 8. MALACHE B. A^ogel; Trew, PI. Sel. 50. 1772. Tall shrubs or small trees, with alternate broad, lobed or nearly entire leaves, and large peduncled flowers solitary in the axils. Involucre of several bractlets. Calyx 5-lobed. Petals 5, broad. Carpels mostly 5, 1-celled; styles 10. Ovules solitary. Carpels 2-valved, knobbed on the back, not spined, coriaceous, tardily dehiscent, [Greek, mallow,] Three known species, the fol- lowing, and one in Jamaica, Type species: Malache scahra B. Yogel. Stamen-column not longer than the corolla. 1. M. scahra. Stamen-column twice as long as the corolla. 2. M. hahamensis. MALVACEAE. 271 1. Malache scabra B. Yogel; Trew, PI. Sel. 50. 1772. Favonia spicata Cav. Diss. 3: 136. 1787. Pavonia racemosa Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 2: 1215. 1800. An erect, usually little-branclied shrub, 1-5 m. high, the branches and inflorescence densely roughish-pubescent. Leaves ovate to oblong-ovate, firm in texture, 5-15 cm. long, palmately veined, repand-dentate or entire, acuminate at the apex, subcordate or rounded at the base, the petioles 3-6 cm. long; racemes loosely several-flowered; pedicels ascending, 2-5 cm. long; involucel- bractlets oblong-lanceolate, s.bout 1 cm. long; calyx as long as or a little longer than the bractlets, its lobes ovate, acute; petals yellowish, about twice as long as the calyx, finely pubescent, longer than the stamen-column; carpels somewhat shorter than the calyx, with 2 short blunt beaks on the upper margins and a short terminal crest. Borders of mangrove swamps, Andros at Conch Sound : — Florida ; Cuba to Porto Rico and Trinidad ; Jamaica ; coasts of tropical continental America. Swamp Bush. 2. Malache bahamensis (Hitchc.) Britton & Millspaugh. Pavonia 'bahamensis Hitchc. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4: 63. 1893. Malvavisciis Colceri Britton; Coker in Shattuck, Bahama Islands, 259. 1905. A shrub, or small tree, up to 4 m. high, with round glabrous branchlets. Leaves ovate or nearly orbicular, acuminate, cordate, thin, 7-nerved, entire or slightly repand, the upper surface glabrous but papillose, the under side gla- brous except for tufts of hairs in the axils of the principal veins, and a few scattered ones on the veins, the blades 4-7 cm. long, 3-6 cm. Avide, the petioles slender, 1.5-2.5 cm. long; peduncles slender, puberulent, 2 or 3 times as long as the petioles; involucrel-bractlets narrowly linearj acuminate, glabrous, 1 cm. long, 1.5 nun. wide, about as long as the calyx; calyx-lobes triangular-ovate, acuminate, about one-half as long as the tube, Avoolly within; petals about 2 cm. long; stamen-column 3 cm. long or more; carpels with 2 compressed rounded terminal lobes and a central crest. Rocky coastal thickets, Watling's Island, Crooked Island, Fortune Island, Ack- lin's Island and Pine Cay (Caicos). Endemic. Bahama Swamp-bush. 9. MALVAVISCU3 Dill.; Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 399. 1763. Shrubs or small trees, with broad usually dentate or lobed, petioled leaves, and red flowers. Involucel of several narrow bractlets. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals erect-connivent. Stamen-column truncate or 5-toothed, bearing numerous stamens. Ovary 5-celled; ovules 1 in each cavity; style-branches 10, stigmatic at the capitate summit. Fruit. baccate, the indehiscent carpels finally separat- ing. [Latin-Greek, similar to Malva.'] About 10 species of tropical America. Type species: Hihisciis Malvaviscus L. 1. Malvaviscus Sagraeanus A. Rich, in Sagra, Hist. Cub. 10: 46. 1845. Malvaviscus arboreus Sagraeanus Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I. 83. 1859. A branching shrub, 2-4 m. high, the twigs finely pubescent or glabrate, slender. Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, ii regularly erenate, sometimes 3- lobed, 5-15 cm. long, acuminate at the apex, rounded or subcordate at the base, glabrous, or with a few scattered hairs, the slender pubescent petioles shorter than the blades; involucel-bractlets linear-spatulate, 8-10 mm. long, about as long as the calyx, glabrous or pubescent; corolla red to scarlet, about 2 cm. long; fruit depressed-globose, about 1 cm. in diameter. Scrub-lands of Abaco and Great Bahama: — Cuba. Sagra's Malvaviscus. 272 MALVACEAE. 10. HIBISCUS L. Sp. PI. 693. 1753. Herbs, shrubs, or in tropical regions even small trees, with dentate or lobed leaves, and showy, mostly campanulate flowers. Bractlets numerous, narrow. Calyx 5-cleft or 5-toothed. Column of stamens anther-bearing below along much of its length. Ovary 5-celled, the cavities 3-several-ovuled ; style-branches 5, stigmatic at the capitate summit. Capsule 5-valved. Seeds reniform. [An ancient name, used by Dioscorides for the Marsh Mallow.] About 180 species, widely distributed. Type species: Hibiscus Trionum L. 1. Hibiscus bahamensis Britton, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 120. 1905. A shrub, the leaves, calyx, peduncles and twigs densely and finely stellate- pubescent. Leaves ovate in outline, palmately veined, 10 cm. long or less, firm in texture, cordate to truncate at the base, 3-lobed or 5-lobed with the middle lobe much the longest and acuminate, the lateral lobes acute or obtuse, irregu- larly dentate; upper leaves varying to lanceolate, and merely dentate; petioles as long as the blades or shorter; peduncles stout, solitary in the axils, longer than the subtending petioles, jointed near the middle; bractlets linear-lanceo- late, acuminate, very unequal, the longer about 1.5 cm. long; calyx 2-2.5 cm. long, densely stellate-pubescent, its oblong Icbes strongly veined, acuminate; IDetals browni&h, 3.5 cm. long, densely pubescent without, oblanceolate, obtusish; capsule oval, 2.5 cm. long, 2 cm. thick, densely silky. Rocky scrub-lands and coppices, Abaco, Andros, Eleuthera, Cat Island, Concep- tion Island, Rum Cay, Acklin's. Endemic. Recorded by Mrs. Northrop as H. crypto- carpus Rich. Erroneously called wild cotton. Bahama Hibiscus. 11. ABELMOSCHUS Medic. Malv. 45. 1787. Tall herbs, with broad, lobed leaves, and large axillary and terminal flowers. Bractlets several or numerous, narrow. Calyx spathaceouSj splitting along one side, deciduous. Stamen-column bearing numerous anthers. Ovary 5-celled, its cavities several-ovuled; style-branches 5, stigmatic at the summit. Capsule elongated, 5-valved. [Name said to be Arabic] A few species, natives of the Old World. Type species: Ahelmosclius mosdiatus Medic. 1. Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench, Meth, 617. 1794. Hihiscus esculentus L. Sp. PI. 696. 1753. Annual, erect, little-branched, 1-2 m. tall, sparingly hirsute. Leaves long- petioled, nearly orbicular in outline, 1-3 dm. Inroad, deeply 5-7-lobed, the lobes lanceolate to obovate, irregularly serrate, acute or obtuse; peduncles stout, 1-3 cm. long; bractlets linear, bristly -hirsute, about 1.5 cm. long; calyx about 2 cm. long; petals broad, yellowish, purple-blotched at the base, 3-4 cm. long; capsule angled, 2 dm. long or less, long-tipped. Waste-lands, spontaneous after cultivation ; Cat Island and Fortune Island : — spontaneous in most tropical and subtropical regions ; native of the Old World trop- ics. Okra. 12. PARITI Adans. Fam. PI. 2, 401. 1763. Trees, with broad cordate petioleji leaves, large deciduous stipules, and large, terminal or axillary flowers, solitary or few together, the petals yellow or changing to red. Involucre 8-10-toothed. Calyx 5-toothed. Style pubescent MALVACEAE. 273 above, 5-cleft, the stigmas broad. Capsule loculicidally 5-celled, many-seeded, the cells vertically partitioned by a dissepiment which splits at dehiscence into two membranes. [Name said to be Malabaric] A few species of tropical regions, the following tyj)ical. 1. Pariti tiliaceum (L.) St. Hil. El. Bras. Merid. 1: 256. 1827. Hibiscus tiliaceus L. Sp. PI. 694. 1753. A tree, sometimes 18 m. high, the young foliage velvety-tomentose. Leaves long-petioled, the blades 7-20 cm. broad, nearly orbicular, cordate at base, abruptly acuminate at apex, shallowly dentate or subentire, the venation promi- nent beneath; involucre 10-cleft, about 12 mm. long; petals yellow, obovate, 5-6 cm. long; calyx about 2 cm. long; capsule ovoid, tomentose, 15-18 mm. long; seeds glabrous or minutely downy. Coastal thickets, Abaco, Andros, New Providence, Cat Island, Pine Cay (Caicos) : — ^Bermuda ; Florida ; throughout tlie West Indies and tropical continental America ; Old World tropics. Mahoe. Catesby, 2 : pi. 'JU. 13. THESPESIA Soland.; Correa, Ann. Mus. Paris 9: 290. 1807. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, entire or merely angulately lobed, commonly ample, usually cordate, petioled. Flowers perfect, showy. Involucel of 3-5 narrow deciduous bractlets. Calyx truncate or nearly so. Petals 5. Ovary sessile, 5-celled; styles 5, united or rarely distinct; stigmas decurrent on the styles. Ovules few in each cavity. Capsule firm, woody-leathery, 5- celled, indehiscent. Seeds glabrous or pubescent. [Greek, marvellous.] About 8 tropical species, the following typical. 1. Thespesia populnea (L.) Soland.; Correa, Ann. Mus. Paris 9: 290. 1807. Hibiscus populneus L. Sp. PI. 694. 1753. A tree, sometimes 7 m. high, with a trunk up to 2 dm. in diameter, usually smaller, often a shrub, the _ stout twigs scurfy when young. Leaves firm in texture, slightly fleshy, ovate-orbicular, 5-12 cm. long, acuminate at the apex, cordate at the base, undulate-margined; petioles nearly as long as the blades; peduncles shorter than the petioles; calyx subhemispheric, nearly truncate; petals 4-7 cm. long, yellow with a purple base, changing to purple ; fruit de- pressed-globose, leathery, 3-4.5 cm. in diameter, 1.5-2 cm. high; seeds pubes- cent. Borders of marshes, and in sandy scrub-lands, New Providence and Grand Turk : — Florida ; the West Indies and tropical continental America ; Old World tropics. Sea-side Mahoe. Cork-tree. Spanish Cork. 14. GOSSYPIUM L. Sp. PI. 693. 1753. Herbs, shrubs or small trees, with alternate petioled, usually lobed leaves, and large, mostly solitary, peduncled, yellow or white to purple flowers sub- tended by 3 broad, often cordate, incised bracts. Calyx truncate or 5-lobed. Stamen-column usually naked below. Ovary 5-celled ; ovules numerous in each cavity; style club-shaped, 5-grooved; stigma.5 5. Capsule coriaceous, loculi- cidally 5-valved. Seeds usually densely covered with long white hairs (cotton) ; endosperm thin or none; cotyledons plicate. [Latin for cotton, perhaps of Arabic origin.] About 40 species, of tropical distribution. Type species: Gossypium arboreum L. 274 BOMBACACEAE. Cotton readily separable from the seed. 1. G. liarTjadense. Cotton adherent to the seed. 2. G. punctatum. 1. Gossypium barbadense L. Sp. PI. 693. 1753. Perennial, shrubby^ flowering as an annual, glabrous or nearly so, 1-2.5 m. high. Leaves suborbicular in outline, 7.5-20 em. broad, rather deeply 3-5- cleft, the lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate lobes acuminate, the basal sinus narrow; petals 6-10 cm, long, yellow, or with orange or red bases, fading pink; capsules 3-5 cm. long; cotton readily separated from the seed. Scrub-hmds and waste lands, apparently spontaneous after cultivation only, Abaco, New Providence, Cat Island, Great Gaillot Cay, Fortune Island and Inagua : — North Carolina to Florida ; widely spontaneous after cultivation in tropical and sub- tropical regions. Cotton. 2. Gossypium punctatum Sch. & Thon. Besk. Guin. PI. 309. 1827. A shrub, or small tree, up to 4 m. high, the young twigs pubescent or glabrate. Leaves ovate-orbicular or suborbicular in outline, cordate or nearly truncate at the base, usually 3-lobed, rarely 5-lobed, or some of them entire, the lobes short, ovate, acuminate, pubescent iDeneath, at least when young, nearly glabrous above; petals 3-6 cm, long, white or yellowish, sometimes crimson- blotched at the ba?e, fading pink or j)urj)lish; capsules 2-2.5 cm. long; cotton firmly attached to the seed. Rum Cay, at Port Nelson : — Southern Florida ; Jamaica : Cuba ; Porto Rico ; Grenada, Recorded from other West Indian islands. Cultivated in tropical regions of the New World and the Old. Wild Cotton. Family 3. BOMBACACEAE Schumann. BoMBAX Family. Trees, mostly with palmately compound leaves and large and showy perfect flowers. Calyx inferior, mostly 5-toothed. Petals 5. Stamens commonly very numerous, with long" filaments and short anthers. Ovary 2-5-celled; style simple; stigmas as many as* the ovarj'-cavities. Fruit various, dry or fleshy. Seeds usually woolly. About 20 genera and 150 species, of tropical distribution. 1. CEIBA A dans. Fam. PI. 2: 399. 1763. Large deciduous trees, with alternate petioled palmately compound leaves, and large clustered axillary flowers, the trunk buttressed at the base, the branches and young trunks spiny. Calyx 5-lobed. Petals tomentose without, glabrous within. Column 5-divided, each division bearing 2 or 3 unilocular anthers at the top. Capsule 5-celled, loculicidally dehiscent, many-seeded. Seeds long-woolly. [Aboriginal name.] About 12 species, the following typical. 1. Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. Fr. & Sem. 2: 244. 1791. Bomhax pentandrum L. Sp. PI. 511. 1753. Eriodendron anfractuosum DC. Prodr. 1: 479. 1824. A tree, reaching a maximum height of 60 m. or more, the trunk above the often immense buttress sometimes 3 m. in diameter. Petioles slender, glabrous, 5-15 cm. long; leaflets 5-7, stalked, or nearly sessile, glabrous, entire or serrate, STERCULIACEAE. 275 oblong to oblanceolate, 8-15 cm. long, mostly acute or acuminate at the apex and narrowed at the base; flowers in many axillary clusters, often appearing before the leaves; pedicels 4-6 cm. long; calyx obconic, about 1.5 cm. long; petals about 3 cm. long, about as long as the stamens; stigma capitate; capsule oblong, woody, 8-12 cm. long. Waste-lnnds, spontaneous after cultivation, New I'rovidence. near Nassau ; planted for shade and for ornament : — Cuba to St. Jan and Barbadoes ; northern South America; Old World tropics. Silk-cutton Tiu:i:. Family 4. STERCULIACEAE H.B.K. Chocolate Family. Herbs, shrubs or trees, with alternate, often stellate-pubescent leaves, the flowers regular, mostly perfect, in a few genera polygamous or uni- sexual, clustered or rarely solitary, usually axillary. Calyx deeply 5-cleft, usually persistent, the lobes or sepals valvate. Petals 5, hypogynous, or wanting. Stamens 5 or more; filaments more or less united below^ into a cup or tube; anthers mostly 2-celled, extrorse; staminodia present in some genera. Ovary superior, 2-5-celled, or sometimes monocarpellai*y ; styles usually as many as the ovary-eavities, distinct or more or less united. Fruit mostly capsular or follicular, rarely indehiseent. Seeds various, the cotyledons commonly foliaceous. About 45 genera and over 600 species, mostly tropical. Petals with flat blades. Gynoecium of 5 united carpels. Fruit of 5 dehiscent follicles. 1. Helicterea. Capsule pyramidal or fruit 5-coccous. Fruit a 5-angled capsule. 2. Moluchia. Fruit 5-coccous. 3. MrlochUi. Gynoecium of a single carpel. 4. WaltJuria. Petals with hooded blades; capsule 5-celled, muricate. 5. Ai/rnia. 1. HELICTEEES L. Sp. PI. 963. 1753. Pubescent shrubs or trees, th6 pubescence stellate or of branched hairs, with broad leaves and axillary or terminal, clustered or solitary flowers, the bractlets small, or distant from the calyx. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft or 5-toothed, somewhat 2-lipped. Petals 5, clawed. Stamen-column slender, elongated, bear- ing 5 or 10 sessile or short-stalked anthers; anther-sacs divergent or confluent. Ovary borne within the ring of stamens, 5-celled^ 5-lobed, the cells many-ovuled ; style 5, or united into 1 ; stigma small, capitate. Carpels distinct at maturity, twisted cr straight, follicular^ dehiscent along the ventral suture, many-seeded. Seeds warty or smooth; endosperm little; cotyledons foliaceous. [Greek, re- ferring to the coiled carpels of some species.] Thirty species or more, of tropical distribution. Type species: Helictcres Isora L. Capsule glabrous; carpels straight. 1. H. scmitriloha. Capsule lanate ; carpels twisted into a spiral. 2. H. jamuicciisis. 1. Helicteres semitriloba Bjrtero; DC. Prodr. 1: 476. 1824. A branched shrub 1-3 m. high, rarely a small tree up to 5 m. high, the young twigs, petioles, lower leaf -surf aces, pedicels, calyx and ovary densely stellate-tomentulose. Leaves broadly ovate to orbicular, subcoriaceous. 3-8 cm. long, undulate-dentate or somewhat 3-lobe(l, obtuse or acute at the apex, cordate or truncate at the base, becoming glabrous above, the petiole as long as the blade or shorter ; flowers usually numerous in terminal compound corymbs ; 276 STEECULTACEAE. pedicels short; bractlets linear; calyx campanulatej 5-toothed, '2 -lipped, 5-6 mm. long; petals white, fading reddish, 8-9 mm. long; column slender, glabrous, 3-5 cm. long; anther-sacs oblong; fruit linear, straight or a little curved, 1.5-4 cm. long, separating into 5, glalDrous, pointed follicles. Coppices and scrub-lands, Andros, New Providence, Eleuthera, Cat Island, Wat- ling's, Great Exuma, Crool^ed Island, Acklin's, Fortune Island, North Caicos and Inagua : — Cuba ; Hispaniola. Steaight-fruited Helicteees. Wild Salve. 2. Helicteres jamaicensis Jacq. Enum. 30. 1760. Helicteres spiralis Northrop, Mem. Torr. Club 12: 50, pi. 11. 1902. A shrub, 1.5-3 m. high, or a small tree sometimes 6-7 m. tall, the foliage densely stellate-tomentose. Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, 5-17 cm. long, mostly acute or acuminate at the apex, cordate or sometimes rounded at the more or less oblique base, crenulate nearly all around, the stout petioles 0.5-2.5 cm. long, the ujDper surface darker green than the lower; peduncles stout, 2-3 cm. long, 1-few-flowered; pedicels short; calyx 1.5-2 cm. long, 5-toothed, somewhat 2-lipped, densely tomentose; petals white, inequi- lateral, somewhat longer than the calyx; column 6-10 cm. long, cleclined; stamens 10; staminodia 5; ovary tomentose; carpels, about 10, spirally twisted, densely tomentose, forming a cone-like, oblong fruit 2.5-5 cm. long. Coppices, thickets and white-lands, Abaco, Great Bahama, Andros, Mangrove Cay, New Providence, Eleuthera, Cat Island, Marignana, Atwood Cay, Great Guana Cay, Great Exuma, Long Island, Great Ragged Island, Crooked Island, Acklin's, Fortune Island, Watling"s Island and the Inaguas : — Cuba to Tortola, St. Martin and St. Croix ; Jamaica. Recorded by Schoepf as H. Isora L. Cow-bdsh. Salz- BUSH. Blind-eye Bush. 2. MOLUCHIA Medic. Malv. 10. 1787. Herbs, shrubs or small trees, with alternate toothed leaves, and small, terminal or axillary, mostly clustered, perfect flowers, the petals flat, marees- cent. Involucels none. Calyx 5-cleft, usually campanulate. Petals 5, nar- row. Stamens 5, the filaments somewhat united below, opposite the petals; staminodia none, or minute. Ovary 5-celled, each cavity 2-ovuled; styles 5, distinct, at least above; stigmas clavate. Capsule pyramidal, loculicidally 5- valved, 5-seeded, the seeds obovoid, ascending. Endosperm fleshy; embryo straight; cotyledons flat. [Name altered from Melocliia.'] About 6 species, of tropical and subtropical regions. Type species: Moluchia fruticosa Medic. Foliage stellate-tomentose or stellate-puberulent ; capsules with rounded angles. 1. M. tomentosa. Foliage nearly glabrous ; capsules with sharply acute angles. 2. M. pyramidata. 1. Moluchia tomentosa (L.) Britton, Mem. Brooklyn Bot. Gard. 1: 69. 1918. Melochia tomentosa L. Syst. ed. 10, 1140. 1759. A branched shrub, 2 m. high or less, rarely a small tree up to 4 m. high, the slender twigs, the leaves, inflorescence, calyx and capsule densely stellate- pubescent or tomentose. Leaves chartaceous, ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 1-6 cm. long, obtuse or acute at the apex, rounded, truncate or cordate at the base, crenate or serrate, the petioles shorter than the blades; peduncles at the axils of upper leaves or terminal, few-several-flowered ; calyx-lobes lanceolate ; petals blue, violet or purple, obovate, 10-12 mm. long; capsule-body 6-8 mm. long, subulate-beaked, its angles rounded, knobbed. White-lands, scrub-lands and coppices, Abaco, Andros, Mangrove Cay. New Provi- dence, Eleuthera, Little San Salvador, Cat Island, Watling's, Atwood Cay, Rum Cay, STERCULIACEAE. 277 Great Guana Cay, Long Island, Great Ragged Island, Acklin's, East Calcos, Grand Turk, Ambergris Caj:, and Inagua : — Texas ; West Indies ; North Mexico to continental tropical America. The species is represented by many races of various leaf-forms and sizes, finding their smallest development in the plants of Grand Turk, Ambergris Cay and Inagua ; these are the subject of Grisebach's Mclochia craiata, not J/. crenata Vahl. Velvety Moluchia. 2. Moluchia pyramidata (L.) Britton, Mem. Brooklyn Bot. Gard. 1: 09. 1918. Melochia pyramidata L. Sp. PI. 674. 1753. Subherbaceous, nearly glabrous, the young foliage somewhat pubescent; stems slender, branched, ascending, decumbent or nearly erect, 2-6 dm. long, the young branches with a line of pubescence. Leaves membranous, lanceolate, ovate, or the lower nearly orbicular, 2-6 dm. long, sharply serrate, acute or acuminate at the apex, mostly rounded or subtruncate at the base, the slender petioles much shorter than the blades; peduncles pubescent, 1-few-flowered, about as long as the petioles, terminal or opposite the leaves; calyx-lobes lance- olate, 3-4 mm. long; petals pink, red or lavender, about 6 mm. long, obovate; capsule inflated, membranous, 6-7 mm. long, sharply 5-angled, short-beaked, each angle cuspidate at the base. Waste places and roadsides, New Providence : — Texas ; West Indies east to Tortola, south to Grenada ; Curagao ; Mexico ; continental tropical America and Old World tropics. Smooth ^Moluchia. 3. MELOCHIA [Dill.] L. Sp. PI. 674. 1753. Herbs or shrubs, often stellate-pubescent, with petioled, serrate leaves and small, sometimes involucellate, perfect flowers in axillary or terminal glomerules or panicles. Sepals or calyx-segments little enlarged in fruit. Petals convo- lute, marcescent. Stamens opposite the petals; filaments more or less united below; staminodia none, or rarely present and minute. Ovary 5-celled; ovules 2 in each cavity; styles distinct, or united near the base. Fruit a small 5- coccous capsule, loculicidally dehiscent. Seeds with fleshy endosperm. [Arabic name.] About 50 species, natives of tropical and subtropical regions. Type species: Melochia corcliorifolia L. 1. Melochia nodiflora Sw. Prodr. 97. 1788. Mougeotia nodiflora H.B.K. Nov. Gen. 5: 330. 1823. A shrub, 2 m. high or less, with slender ascending branches, the young twigs sparingly pubescent. Leaves thin, ovate, 3-10 cm. long, serrate, glabrous or nearly so, acute or acuminate at the apex, rounded, truncate, or subcordate at the base, the slender pubescent petioles 1-3 cm. long; flowers nearly sessile, in dense axillary subglobose clusters; calyx-lobes triangular-lanceolate, acumi- nate, 2-3 mm. long; petals rose, a little longer than the calyx; filaments united; styles distinct; ovary 5-celled; young fruit deeply 5-lobed, at length separat- ing into 5 pubescent carpels about 3 mm. long. Waste places, New Providence: — West Indies; tropical continental America. Melochia. 4. WALTHEEIA L. Sp. PI. 673. 1753. Herbs, shrubs or trees, with stellate or simple pubescence. Leaves toothed; stipules narrow. Flowers small, perfect, usually in axillary clusters or small cymes. Involucel of 3 deciduous bracts. Sepals 5, united at the liase into a turbinate 10-nerved tube. Petals 5, spatulate, convolute, withering- persistent. Stamens 5; filaments united below, not accompanied by staminodia; 278 STERCULIACEAE. anthers Tvitli parallel saes. Ovary 1-celled, sessile; style simple, not central; fe-tigma club-shaped or brush-like. Ovules 2 in a cavity. Follicles 1-celled, 2- valved lengthwise. Seed solitary, ascending. Endosperm fleshy. Embryo straight, axile. [In honor of A. F. Walther, Professor in Leipzig.] About 35 American species, mostly tropical. Type species: Waltheria americana L. Pubescence densely tomentose. 1. IF. americana. Finely stellate-pubescent. 2. W. hahamensis. 1. Waltheria americana L. Sp. PI. 673. 1753. Foliage tomentose. Stems 6-12 dm. tall, stiff; leaves ovate to oblong, 1-5 cm. long, serrate, rounded or cordate at the base, stout-petioled; flowers in dense sessile or peduncled axillary clusters; sepals subulate, about 5 mm. long, villous-hirsute, similar to the bractlets ; petals yellow, slightly longer than the sepals; follicles 2.5-3 mm. long, pubescent at the top. Rocky scrub-lands, fields and cultivated soil, Abaco and Great Bahama to South Bimini, Andros, the Crooked Island group and to North and East Caicos : — Florida ; Bermuda ; the West Indies and tropical continental America ; Old World tropics ; Oceanica. Common Waltheria. 2. Waltheria bahamensis Britton, Torreya 3: 105. 1903. Branched from the base, stellate-puberulent, the branches 6 dm. long or less. Leaves oblong to ovate-oblong, 1-2 cm. long, sharply dentate, strongly veined, dark-green above, pale green beneath, stellate-pubescent on both surfaces, obtuse at both ends, or the base subcordate, the slender petioles half as long as the blades or less; flower-clusters sessile or nearly so in the axils, dense, less than 1 cm. broad; bractlets sharply toothed; petals thin, spatulate, 3-5 mm. long, obtuse or slightly notched; filaments united into a tube. Sandy and rocky fields, scrub-lands and pine-lands, Abaco, Great Bahama, Great Harbor Cay. Little Harbor Cay, Andros, New Providence, Eleuthera, Cat Island, Rum Cay and Great Guana Cay. Endemic. Bahama Waltheria. 5. AYENIA Loefl. Iter. 257. 1758. Shrubs, some species subherbaceous, with serrate petioled leaves, and axillary, mostly clustered, pedicelled flowers. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, con- cave or hooded, long-clawed, the tip inflexed, adnate to the stamen-cup. Fila- ments united into a short cup, the anthers solitary in its sinuses, its truncate or rounded lobes alternate with the petals; anthers 3-eelled. Ovary 5-celled, its cavities 2-ovuled; style short; stigma capitate or somewhat 5-lobed. Capsule subglobose, muricate, splitting into 5 carpels, each 2-valved. Seeds rugose; endosperm none; cotyledones spirally convolute. [In honor of the French botanist Ayen.] About 10 species, natives of tropical America. Type species: Ayenia sidaeformis Loefl. 1. Ayenia pusHla L. Syst. ed. 10, 1247. 1759. A low shrub or suffrutescent perennial herb, usually much-branched at the base, the slender branches ascending, erect or prostrate, 1-4 dm. long, puberu- lent. Leaves lanceolate, ovate, oval or suborbicular, 0.8-3 cm. long, puberulent or glabrate, sharply serrate, acute or obtuse at the apex, rounded or cordate at the base, the petioles 1-5 mm. long; pedicels longer than the petioles, some- times 10 mm. long; calyx about 2 mm. long, its lobes lanceolate; claw of the petal much longer than the hooded limb; lobes of the stamen-cup longer than the anthers; capsule depressed-globose, densely muricate, 4-6 mm. in diameter. TAMARICACEAE. 279 In red soil pockets and red-lands, New Trovidence, Cat Island, Great Exuma, Long Island. Great Ragged Island. Fortune Island. Acklin's, Crooked Island, Marl- guana and Ambergris Cay : — the Florida Keys and Texas to California ; West In- dies, south to Guadelope ; continental tropical America. Common Ayenia. Order 17. HYPERICALES. Herbs, shrubs, or trees, the flowers mostly complete, perfect and regular (irregular in Violaceae). Sepals distinct, or more or less united, imbricated or convolute. Petals present and distinct or wanting. Stamens usually numerous. Ovary compound, superior; placentae mostly parietal. styles none ; trees or shrubs with small imbricated leaves. Fam. 1. Tamaricacpae. Styles present, separate or united. Styles separate or partly united. Stigmas not brush-like ; endosperm little or none. Herbs or low shrubs, rarely trees ; flowers per- fect ; stamens distinct. Fam. 2. Hypeuicaceae. Trees or shrubs ; stamens mostly united. Flowers dioecious or polygamous ; placentae asile. Fam. 3. Clusiaceae. Flowers perfect ; placentae parietal. Fam. 4. Canellaceae. Stigmas brush-like ; endosperm copious. Fam. 5. Turneraceae. Styles completely united ; endosperm fleshy. Fam. G. Flacourtiaceae. Family 1. TAMARICACEAE Lindl. Tamarisk Family. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, without stipules, relatively small or scale-like, entire, often imbricated. Flowers mainly perfect, regular, usually in spikes or racemes. Calyx of 5, or rarely 4 or 6, imbricated sepals. Corolla of 5, or rarely 4 or 6, distinct imbricated petals. Disk 10-lobed or obsolete. Stamens 5 to many; filaments distinct, free; anthers opening lengthwise. Ovai*y 1-celled, superior, with 3-5 basal placentae. Stigmas 3-5, distinct. Ovules 2-many on each placenta. Fniit a capsule. Seeds erect, terminating in a coma. Four genera and about 100 species, natives of the Old World. 1. TAMARIX L. Sp. PI. 270. 1753. Shrubs or trees, with irregularly and T\iclely branching stems, the wood firm. Leaves small, scale-like, clasping or sheathing. Flowers in dense spikes, racemes or panicles." Sepals 4 or 5, rarely 6, distinct. Petals white or pink, inserted under the lobed disk, distinct. Stamens 5-10; filaments not adnata to the corolla. Stigmas 2-5, short. Seeds numerous. Endosperm wanting. [Latin name.] About 60 species, of the Old World, the following typical. 1. Tamarix gallica L. Sp. PI. 270. 1753. A shrub or a small tree, with slender spreading branches, the branchlets very numerous, approximate or clustered, completely clothed with the imbri- cated, scale-like, acute leaves which are 1 mm. long or less; spikes numerous, in panicles; sepals triangular, about 0.5 mm. long; petals white or pinkish; capsule pyramidal, about 1 mm. long. W\iste places, spontaneous after cultivation. South Caicos and Grand Turk Island : — Naturalized from southern Europe in various localities from New York to New Mexico and southward, and in Bermuda and the West Indies. Tamarisk. 280 CLUSIACEAE. Family 2. HYPERICACEAE Lindl. St. John's-wort Family. Herbs or shrubs, sometimes small trees in tropical regions, with oppo- site, or rarely verticillate, simple entire or rarely giandular-eiliate or dentate leaves, no stipules, and solitary or cymose-panieulate flowers. Foliage pellucid-punctate or black-dotted. Flowers regular and perfect. Sepals 5 or 4, imbricated. Petals of the same number, hypogynous, gen- erally oblique or contorted. Stamens oc , hypogynous, often in sets of 3 or 5; anthers versatile or innate, 2-celled, longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary 1-7-eelled, composed of 1-7 carpels; styles as many as the carpels; ovules 00, in 2 rows in each cavity, anatropous. Fruit mainly capsular with sep- ticidal dehiscence; seeds mainly straight; endosperm none. About 10 genera and more than 300 species, mainly of temperate and wann regions. 1. ASCYRUM L. Sp. PI. 787. 1753. Leafy glabrous low shrubs, with small narrow entire black-punctate leaves, the flowers bright yellow. Sepals 4, in 2 pairs, the exterior ones broad and round, the interior smaller and narrower. Petals 4, oblique or slightly contorted, deciduous. Stamens oo, distinct, or united in clusters. Ovary 1- celled, with 2-4 parietal placentae; styles 2-4, Capsule 1-celled, 2-4-valved, dehiscent at the placentae. [Greek^ not rough.] About 6 species, natives of eastern North America, Central America and the West Indies. Type species: Ascyrum Jiypericoides L. 1. Ascyrum linifolium Spach, Hist. Yeg. Phan. 5: 459. 1836. An erect shrub, 3-6 dm. high, much branched, the twigs very slender, densely leafy. Leaves linear to linear-oblong or linear-spatulate, nearly sessile, obtuse, 1-2 cm. long, 1-3 mm. wide; flowers solitary at the ends of the twigs, very short-peduncled; outer sepals oblong, acute, 6-8 mm. long, the inner petal-like; petals widely spreading nearly in one plane, as long as or somewhat longer than the outer sepals; capsule linear-oblong, beaked, about as long as the outer sepals. Pine-lands and palmetto-lands, Abaco, Great Bahama, Andros and New Provi- dence : — Florida to Texas. St. Andrew's Cross. Family 3. CLUSIACEAE Lindl. • Clusia Family. Shrubs or trees, sometimes epiphytic, with resinous sap, opposite coriaceous estipulate entire leaves, the small or large, regular, polyg- amous, dioecious or rarely perfect flowers usually clustered, sometimes bracteolate. Sepals 2-6, rarely more, strongly imbricated. Petals usually as many as the sepals, sometimes more, hypogynous. Staminate flowers with numerous hypogynous stamens, the filaments united or distinct, with or without a imdimentary ovary. Pistillate flowers with a 2-several-celled ovary, and as many sessile or sub-sessile stigmas as there are ovary-cavities; staminodes or some perfect stamens usually present. Fruit baccate, drupaceous or capsular, usually fleshy. Seeds often arillate; endosperm none. About 25 genera and over 250 species, mostly tropical. CANELLACEAE. 281 1. CLUSIA L. Sp. PI. 509. 1753. Evergreen trees or shrubs with resinous sap, often epiphytic or half- climbing on other trees and sometimes strangling them, the leaves opposite, entire, the usually polygamous, large flowers solitary or cymose. Sepals 4-16, imbricated. Petals 4-9, also imbricated. Stamens many in the staminate flowers, fewer in the pistillate ones; anthers linear. Pistillate flowers with several or many staminodes; ovary 4-12-celled; stigmas sess-ile, radiating; ovules many in each cavity. Capsule leathery or fleshy, at length dehiscent. Seeds arillate, the embryo small, the cotyledons plano-convex. [Commemorates Charles de I'Ecluse, a French botanist of the sixteenth century.] About 80 species, of tropical and subtropical America. Type species: Clusia major L. 1. Clusia rosea Jacq. Enum. 34. 1760. A tree attaining a maximum height of about 16 m., the stout twigs glabrous. Leaves obovate, glabrous, thick, coriaceous, rigid, 10-15 cm, long, 7-12 cm. wide above the middle, closely piunately many-veined, rounded at the apex, cuneate at the base, the stout petioles about 1 cm. long; flowers solitary or sometimes 2 together, short-peduncled; sepals 6, rounded, 1-1.5 cm. broad; petals white or rose, broadly obovate or nearly orbicular, 3-4 cm. long, broadly cuneate at the base; stigmas 7-9; fruit glcbose, nearly white, 5-8 em. in diameter, fleshy. Coastal coppices, Andros, New Providence. Inagua and East Caicos : — Florida; Cuba to Tortola, and to Trinidad ; Jamaica ; continental tropical America, Catesby, 2 : pi. 99. Pitch Apple. Clusia ffava Jacq., a tree similar to C. rosea, with cuneate-obovate leaves nnd yellow flowers, is recorded by Schoepf, as seen by him on New Providence in 17S4. Family 4. CANELLACEAE IMart. Canella Family. Aromatic trees or shrubs, with alternate pinnately veined, coriaceous or subcoriaceons, entire estipulate petioled leaves, and corymbose reunilar perfect flowers. Sepals 3, distinct, imbricated. Petals 4-12, or wanting. Stamens many, the filaments united into a tube, the anthers extrorse. Ovary superior, 1-celIed, \vith 2-5 jDarietal placentae; ovules 2-severaI, nearly anatropous; style stout; stigma 2-o-lobed. Fruit baccate. Seeds with a smooth crusteaceous testa; embryo subcylindric, in copious fleshy endosperm. Five genera and seven known species, of tropical America and Africa. 1. CANELLA P. Br. Hist. Jam, 275. 1756, An evergreen tree, glabrous throughout, with coriaceous loaves and term- inal bracteolate corymbs of purple, red or violet flowers, the bark and leaves pleasantly aromatic. Petals 5. Stamens 10-20, the filament-tube not ap- pendaged by scales, the anthers contiguous, longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary with 2 or 3 parietal placentae each bearing 2 ovules; style short; stigma 2-3- lobed. Berry globose, its gelatinous pulp enclosing few, obovoid to orbicular seeds. [Latin, cinnamon.] A monotypic genus. 19 282 TUENEEACEAE. 1. Canella Winterana (L.) Gaertn. Fr. & Sem. 1: 373. 1788. Laiinis Winterana L. Sp. PI. 371. 1753. Winterana Canella L. Syst. Ed. 10, 1045. 1759. Canella alba Murray, Syst. Veg. 443. 1784. A tree up to 10 m. high, usually much smaller, sometimes shrubby, the trunk up to 2.5 dm. thick, the bark grey. Leaves oblanceolate or spatulate, 3-10 cm. long, dark green and some^^hat shining above, rather dull beneath, rounded or obtuse at the apex, not prominently veined, the slender petioles about 1 cm. long; corymbs few-several-flowered; pedicels slender; sepals reniform-orbicular, thick, about 3 mm. long, ciliolate; petals obovate, obtuse, nearly twice as long as the sepals; stamen-tube 3-4 mm. long; anthers yellow; berry crimson or nearly black, about 1 cm. in diameter; seeds black. White-lands, scrub-lands and thickets, Great Bahama, Andros, New Providence, Eleuthera. Rum Cay, Atwood Cay. Long Island, Acklin's Island, Crooked Island and Little Inagua : — Florida and the West Indies. Canella. Wild Cinnamon. White- wood Bakk, Cinnamon Baek. Catesby, 2 : i)l. 50. Family 5. TURNERACEAE H.B.K. TuRNERA Family. Herbs or shrubs, with alternate simple leaves mostly serrate and often 2-glandnlar at the base, the flowers regular, mostly perfect. Calyx-lobes or sepals 5, imbricated. Petals 5, thin, convolute, fugacious. Stamens 5, distinct, opposite the sepals; filaments compressed or subulate; anthers oblong. Ovary superior, 1-celled, w-ith 3 parietal placentae; styles 3, filifonii, simple or 2-cleft ; stigmas usually flabellate and many-cleft ; ovules many, anatropous. ' Fruit a 1-celled capsule, partly or completely 3-valved. Seeds foveolate, with fleshy endosperm and a membranous aril. Four genera and about 80 species, of trojiical and subtropical distribution. 1. TURNERA L. Sp. PI. 271. 1753. Herbs or low shrubs, with toothed leaves and solitary axillary yellow flowers, the peduncles often adnate to the petioles. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals obovate to spatulate, borne on the calyx-throat. Stamens borne below the petals, sometimes hypogynous. Ovary sessile; styles filiform; stigmas several- many-cleft. Capsule 3-valved to the base, mostly many-seeded, the seeds borne near the middle of the valves, oblong or cylindric, curved, the aril narrow. [In honor of William Turner, herbalist, the ''Father of English Botany," died 1568.] About 75 species, nearly all of tropical and subtropical America. Type species: Turnera ulmifolia L. Calyx 5-fld or 5-partite ; styles penicellate, multifid ; capsule 3- valved above ; leaves laree. 1. T. nlmifolia. Calyx 5-dentate ; styles 6-fid at summit ; capsule 3-valved to the base ; leaves small. 2. T. diffusa. 1. Turnera ulmifolia L. Sp. PI. 271. 1753. Shrubby, erect, branched, 3-9 dm. high, more or less pubescent. Leaves lanceolate to ovate-oblong, thin, short-petioled, 2-8 cm. long, serrate, acute or acuminate at the apex, mostly narrowed at the 2-glandular base; peduncles short; bractlets as long as or longer than the calyx; calyx deeply 5-lobed, its PLACOIJETIACEAE. 283 segments lanceolate, acute or acuminate; petals obovate, 1-3 cm. long; capsules 6-10 mm. long, much shorter than the bractlets, 3-valved above. Rocky plains and white-lands, Abaco and Great Bahama to Andros, the Calces Islands. Grand Turk and Inagua : — Bermuda ; Florida ; the West Indies ; Mexico to tropical South America. Consists of numerous races, differing in leaf-form, pubes- cence and size of flowers. Buttercups. Yellow Aldek. Lak(;e-li:aveij Tuunkua. 2. Turnera diffusa Willd.; Schultes, Syst. 6: 679. 1820. Triads microphylla Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I. 297. 1860. A pubescent, much-branched shrub, 2 dm. to 1.3 m. high, the branches slender, spreading. Leaves small, 5-20 mm. long, ?patulate or oblanceolate, firm in texture, coarsely few-toothed, nearly sessile, deeply im.presscd-veined and glabrous above, pubescent beneath, mostly obtuse at the apex, attenuate to the base, the margin revolute ; peduncles very short ; calyx 5-toothed ; petals spatulate, 3-8 mm. long, much longer than the calyx-teeth ; stamens very short ; capsule subglobose, about 1.5 mm. in diameter, 3-valved to the base. Rocky plains and white-lands. Whale Cay, Joulter's Cay, New Providence, Eleu- thera. Cat Island, Rum Cay, Great Guana Cay, Great Exuma, Crooked Island, Ack- lin's and Inagua : — Cuba to Virgin Gorda and St. Croix. Small-leaved Tuknera. Family 6. FLACOURTIACEAE Lindl. Flacourtia Family. Trees or shrubs, with alternate simple, usually dentate leaves, the stipules minute or wanting, the small regular flowers usually clustered, perfect, dioecious or polygamous. Calyx 3-7-lobed or of 3-7 distinct sepals. Petals as many as the calyx-lolDes or sepals, or rarely more, or wanting. Stamens few or numerous, in some genera alternating with staminodia; filaments distinct or connate; anthers 2-celled. Ovary su- perior, 1-celled; ovules few or numerous, on parietal placentae. Fruit cap- sular or baccate. About 70 genera, including over 500 species, of tropical regions. Petals present. 1- Banara. Petals none. Stamens hypogynous ; leaves not punctate. 2. lli/roxi/lon. Stamens perigynous ; leaves mostly punctate. Style none : stamens numerous. 3. Zuclania. Style present; stamens 6-15. 4. Cascana. 1. BANARA Aubl. PI. Guian. 1: 547. 1775. Shrubs or trees with alternate petioled, somewhat inequilateral, usually glandular-dentate and punctate leaves, small stipules, and small perfect flowers in racemes, corymbs or panicles. Calyx persistent, 3-5-lobed, the lobes valvate. Petals as many as the calyx-lobes and similar to them, persistent, imbricated. Stamens many, with filiform filaments; staminodia none. Ovary superior, 1-celled or by intrusion of the placentae nearly several-celled; ovules many; style slender; stigma capitate. Fruit a fleshy or leathery, indehiscent, many-seeded berry. Seeds striate, the endosperm fleshy. [Guiana name.] About 15 species, natives of tropical America. Tyjie species: Banara rjuian- ensis Aubl. 284 FLACOURTIACEAE. 1. Banara reticulata Griseb. Cat. PL Cub. 8. 1866. A glabrous shrub, 1-3 m. high or a small tree up to about 8 m. high, the slender twigs terete. Leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, coriaceous, 2.5-7 cm. long, somewhat inequilateral, low-serrate with blunt teeth, rounded, obtuse or some of them acute at the apex, mostly rounded or subcordate at the base, densely and strongly reticulate-veined, shining above, the petioles 4-8 mm. long; corymbs several-many-flowered, 3-6 cm. broad; pedicels 5-10 mm. long, thickened in fruit ; calyx about 5 mm. long, its segments broadly ovate, rounded, puberulent and ciliolate; petals yellowish^ about as long as the calyx; fruit ovoid, red, about 8 mm. long, tipped by the style. Rocky pine-lands, Andros, New Providence, Eleutliera and Great Exuma : — Cuba. Banara. Catesby, 2 : pi. 1,2. 2. MYROXYLON Forst. Char. Gen. 126. 1776. Shrubs or trees, usually spiny, with usually toothed, sometimes spinulose- dentate leaves and small, dioecious or polygamous flowers, fascicled or short- racemose in the axils. Sepals 4 or 5, imbricated. Petals wanting. Stamens several or numerous, borne on a glandular disk, the anthers versatile. Ovary with 2-6 parietal placentae; ovules few or several; style simple or cleft, some- times very short ; stigmas dilated, rarely lobed. Fruit a small, 2-several-seeded berry, the seeds obovoid. [Greek, balsam wood.] About 30 species, tropical and subtropical in distribution. Type species: Myroxylon suaveolens Forst. Leaves shining above : fruit globose. 1. M. ilicifolium. Leaves dull above ; fruit obovoid-oblong. 2. 31. hahamense. 1. Myroxylon ilicifolium (Xorthrop) Britton, Bull. X. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 141. 1906. Xylosma ilicifoUa Xorthrop, Mem. Torr. Club 12: 51. 1902. A shrub, 3 m, high or less, much branched, the twigs slender, the stem and branches usually armed with slender, often branched spines. Leaves oval to obovate or oblanceolate, coriaceous, short-petioled, 2-3 cm. long, entire or with 1-3 spinulose-tipped teeth, the apex acute and spinulose, the base narrowed, the upper surface strongly shining, the lateral venation obscure ; fascicles few- flowered; pedicels of staminate flowers slender, 2-4 mm. long; sepals yellow or greenish, ciliate, about 1 mm. long; pedicels of pistillate flowers 1-2 mm. long; berry bluish-black, globose, about 5 mm. in diameter. Coppices, and pine-lands, Andros, New Providence, Eleutbera, Cat Island. Endemic. Holly-leaved Mtroxylox. Recorded by Dolley as Xiilosma nitidum A. Gray and as X huxifoliiim ; and by Hitchcock as If. huxifolium paucifiorum. 2. Myroxylon feahamense Britton, Bull. X. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 141. 1906. An intricately branched shrub or small tree 4 m. high or less, the trunk and larger limbs densely armed with branched spines 5 cm. long or less. "Wood yellowish-white, very hard and dense; twigs armed with subulate spines 1.5 cm. long or less ; leaves ovate or oblong to oblanceolate, coriaceous, 6-30 mm, long, scarcely shining above, dull and paler green beneath than above, entire or with 1 to 4 blunt teeth, the apex acute, the base rounded, or narrowed, the petiole about 1 mm. long; fruit obovoid-oblong, obtuse, 6 mm. long, 3 mm. in diameter. Scrub-lands and coppices, Abaco, Great Bahama, New Providence. Endemic. Bahama Myroxylon. FLACOURTIACEAE. 285 3. ZUELANIA A. Rich. Ess. Fl. Cub. 88. 1845. Trees or shrubs with alternate petioled s.errate punctate leaves, and small fascicled flowers, the pedicels jointed, bracted at the base. Calyx i-o- lobed, the lobes imbricated. Petals wanting. Stamens 20-40, alternating ^^:th staminodia. Ovary superior; ovules numerous, on parietal placentae; stigma almost sessile, peltate. Fruit a large globose fleshy, berry-like capsule, at length dehiscent Seeds numerous, arillate, with fleshy endosperm. [Commem- orates Jose Maria Yalenzuela, a Cuban botanical collector.] One or two West Indian species, the following typical. 1. Zuelania Guidonia (Sw.) Britton & Millspaugh. Laeiia Guidonia Sw\ Prodr. 83. 1788. Zuelania laetioides A. Rich. Ess. Fl. Cub. 88. 1845. Casearia laetioides Northrop, Mem. Torr. Club 12: 55. 1902. A tree, up to about 30 m. high, usually much smaller, the stout twigs densely pubescent when young. Leaves thin, deciduous, oblong to oblong-lance- olate or elliptic, 7-20 cm. long, low-crenate or nearly entire, strongly piunately veined, acute or acuminate at the apex, obtuse or rounded and mostly some- what oblique at the base, glabrous or nearly so above, pubescent beneath, the petioles 1 cm. long or less; fascicles many-flowered; pedicels pubescent, G-10 mm. long; sepals pubescent, suborbicular, about 7 mm. long; staminodia about one-half as long as the stamens; fruit subglobose, 3-5 em. in diameter. Coppices and scrub-lauds, Abaco, Andros and New Providence : — Cuba ; .Jamaica. ZUELAKIA. 4. CASEARIA Jacq. Enum. 4, 21. 1760. Shrubs or trees, sometimes spinescent, with alternate, mostly toothed and punctate or lineate leaves, small stipules, and small regular green or yellowish flowers in bracted, lateral fascicles or umbels, the pedicels jointed at or above the base. Calyx-lobes 4-6, imbricated. Petals wanting. Stamens 6-15; fila- ments distinct or united below, alternating with staminodia. Ovary superior; ovules many, borne on parietal placentae; style short, undivided or 3-cleft; stigma capitate. Capsule dry or fleshy, 3-4-valved, several-many-seeded. Seeds with a fleshy aril, the testa coriaceous; endosperm fleshy. [Commemo- rates John Casearius, a Dutch missionary of the seventeenth century.] Over 75 species, natives of tropical and subtropical regions. Type species: Casearia nitida (L.) Jacq. Leaves ovate, glabrous, shining; flowers in stalked glabrous cymes. 1. C. balunncnsis. Leaves obovate to elliptic, pubescent at least when j^oung ; cj-mes sessile or very nearly so, densely puberulent. 2. C. spincsccns. 1. Casearia bahamensis Urban, Symb. Ant. 3: 322. 1902. A glabrous shrub or small tree sometimes 4-5 m. high, much-branched, the twigs slender and terete. Leaves ovate to elliptic, subcoriaccous, 1.5-7 cm. long, obtuse, acute or acuminate at the apex, obtuse or subcordate at the base, crenulate, shining above, and finely reticulate-veined, the petioles 6-12 mm. long; cymes axillary, peduncled, several-flowered; pedicels slender, 5-lU mm. long; calyx about 5 mm. long, densely short-pilose within; stamens shorter than the calyx; staminodia 1-1.5 mm. long, short-pilose; fruit subglobose, yellow, 5-6 mm. in diameter, 1-5-seeded. Scrub-lands and coppices. Andros, New I'rovidcnfc and (Ireat Kxuma : — Cuba. Recorded by Dolley as Casearia scrnihita Sw. Smooth C.\si:.vi:i.\. 286 PASSIFLORACEAE. 2. Casearia spinescens (Sw.) Griseb. Cat. PI. Cub. 10. 1866. Samyda spinescens Sw. Prodr. 68. 1788. A shrub, 3 m. high or less, or a small tree about 4 m. high, unarmed, or with short spinescent spurs, the branches sometimes elongated and vine-like, the young twigs appressed-pubescent. Leaves obovate to oval or elliptic, membranous, 2-7 em. long, obtuse or acute at the apex, narrowed at the base, low-crenate, pubescent on both sides when young, becoming glabrate, the petioles 2-8 mm. long ; cymes several-flowered, pubescent, sessile in the axils or on leafless twigs; pedicels stout; calyx pubescent, 5-6 mm, long, green, about as long as the pedicel, its rounded segments ovate or elliptic, obtuse; stami- nodia ovate, broad, a little shorter than the stamens; fruit oblong, 1.5-2 cm. long. Coppices, New Providence, at Waterloo ; Andros. near Crow Hill : — Cuba ; His- paniola ; Tobago ; Trinidad ; Guiana. Recorded in Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 5 : 316, as C. alha A. Rich., following Grisebach. Spiny Caseaeia. Order 18. PASSIFLORALES. Herbs, tendril-bearing vines, shrubby plants, or succulent trees with a milky sap. Leaves alternate, entire or lobed. Flowers perfect, or when dioecious, the staminate and pistillate \ery different. Calyx of 5 more or less united sepals. Corolla of 5 distinct or partially united petals, some- times accompanied by a fringed crown. Stamens 5 or 10 in 2 unequal rows. Ovary superior, 1-celled, with 3-5 parietal placentae. Stigmas entire, notched or forked. Fruit a berry or capsule. Corolla accompanied bj- a crown (corona) ; flowers perfect, all alike. Fam, 1. Passifloeaceae. Corolla not accompanied by a crown ; flowers mainly dioe- cious, the staminate and pistillate different. Fam. 2. Caeicaceae. Family 1. PASSIFLORACEAE Dumort. Passion-flower Family. Vines, climbing- by tendrils, or rarely erect herbs, with petioled usually palmately-lobed leaves, and perfect regular flowers. Calyx-tube persistent. Petals usually 5, inserted on the throat of the calyx, distinct, or in some species united. Stamens 5. Throat of the calyx crowned with a double or triple fringe. Filaments subulate or filiform, monadelphous, or sepa- rate. Ovary free from the calyx, 1-celled; placentae 3-5, parietal; styles 1-5. Fruit a berry or capsule, usually many-seeded. About 18 genera and 350 species, of warm and tropical regions, most abundant in South America. 1. PASSIFLORA L. Sp. PI. 955. 1753. Climbing tendril-bearing vines, with alternate or rarely opposite leaves, and large axillary flowers, on jointed, often bracted peduncles. Calyx- tube cup-shaped or campanulate, 4-5-lobed, the lobes narrow, imbricated in the bud, its throat crowned with a fringe called the corona. Petals 4 or 5 (rarely none), inserted on the throat of the calyx. Ovary oblong, stalked. Filaments monadelphous in a tube around the stalk of the ovary, separate above; an- PASSIFLOKACEAE. 287 tliers narrow, versatile. Fruit a many-seeded berry. Seeds pulpy-arilled. flat, ovate; endosperm fleshy. [Flower of the Cross, or Passion, as emblematic of the crucifixion.] Aljout 300 species, mostly of tropical America, a few in Asia and Australia. Type species: Passiflora incarnata L. Calyx subtended by an involucre of 3 pectinate or incised bracts. Bracts pectinate into filiform segments. Plant villous-pubescent ; leaves flaccid. 1. P.foctida. Plant glabrous or somewhat glandular ; leaves firm in texture. 2 p hahamcnsis. Bracts Imear-lanceolate, irregularly incised-pectinate. 3. P. pcvtinaiu Calyx not subtended by an involucre. Petals none. 4. P. palliilu. Petals 5. Leaves softly pubescent or glabrate. Leaves oblong, entire. ,5. P. multi flora. Leaves broader than long, 2-lobed, cordate. 6. P. rubra. Leaves glabrous. Leaves 2-lobed, wider than long. 7. P. hiflora. Leaves ovate-oblong, narrower than long. 8. P. cupraca. 1. Passiflora fodtida L. Sp. PI. 959. 1753. Herbaceous, villous and glandular-viscid, trailing or climbing, sometimes 2.5 m. long. Leaves slender-petioled, broadly ovate or ovate-orbicular in out- line, 3-lobed or 3-angled, flaccid, irregularly low-dentate, 3-12 cm. long, cor- date or subcordate at the base, acute at the apex, the stipules 5-10 mm. long, pinnatisect; peduncles 1-3 in the axils, mostly longer than the petioles, not jointed; involucre of 3 finely pinnatisect bracts 2-4 cm. long, the ultimate segments nearly filiform, gland-tipped; calyx 5-parted, 1..5-2.5 cm. long; petals white or pinkish, about as long as the calyx; crown pink, of three series of segments; berry ovoid, 2-4 cm. long, nearly dry when mature. Roadsides, New Providence : — West Indies and tropical continental America, north to Texas. Viscid Passion-flower. 2. Passiflora bahamensis Britton, Bull. X. Y. Bot. Gard. 5: 315. 1907. Stems slender, purple, usually trailing, sometimes climbing on low shrubs, 0.5--1.5 m. long. Tendrils wiry, mostly as long as the leaves or longer; peti- oles 1-3 cm. long, bearing scattered stalked glands, rarely glandless; stipules small, glandular-fimbriate ; leaf -blades firm in texture, panduriform, 7 cm. long, or less, 3-loT3ed, cordate at the base, shining above, dull beneath, the basal lobes rounded or somewhat angled, one fourth to one half as long as the acute middle one, the margin with stalked glandular hairs all around; peduncles glabrous, longer than the petioles; involucre-segments bipinnatisect, 2-3 cm. long, with very numerous stalked glands; calyx-segments ovate- lanceolate, acute; petals ovate-oblong, about 2 cm, long; crown purple, its outer segments about three fourths as long as the petals; berry globose, about 2 cm. in diameter, bright red and sMning when ripe, its stalk above the per- sistent involucre 6-& mm. long; seeds oblong, rough, 4 mm. long. Pine-lands, coppices, white-lands and sandy soil, Andros : New Providence : Cat Island. Endemic. Referred by Grisebach and by I>olley to the Jamaican P. ciliata Ait., and by Mrs. Northrop to P. pectinata Griseb. Bahama Passion-floweh. 3. Passiflora pectinata Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I. 294. 1860. Glabrous, high-climbing or trailing. Leaves ovate, rather firm in texture, 3-8 cm. long, crenate, 5-7-nerved, somewhat contracted near tlie middle, cor- date at the base, acute or blunt at the apex, with minute glands at the ends of the veins, the petioles 2.5 cm. long or less, eglandular; tendrils slender, as long as the leaves, or longer; flowers solitary in the upper axils, about 6 cm. broad, on peduncles longer than the petioles; involucre of 3 linear pectinate 288 PASSIFLORACEAE. or pinnatifid bracts about 2.5 cm. long; crown about one half as long as tlie oblong white sepals; fruit ellipsoid, red, slightly fleshy^ about 2.5 cm. long; seeds rough. Littoral sands and savannas, Little San Salvador, Cat Island, Conception Island, Watling's Island, Cave Cay, Great Guana Cay, Great Ragged Island, Acklin's Island, Crooked Island. Fortune Island, Green Cay, South Caicos, Grand Turk, Little Ambergris Cay, and the Inaguas : — Bermuda ; Hispaniola. The plant recorded by Hitchcock as P. ciUata riparia Wr. proves to be the above species. Pectinate Passiox-flower. Wild Apricot. 4. Passiflora pallida L. Sp. PI. 955. 1753. Passiffora minima L. Sp. PI. 959. 1753, Passiflora suberosa L. Sp. PI. 958. 1753. Passiflora angustifolia Sw. Prodr. 97. 1788. A slender vine, with nearl}^ glabrous or pubescent foliage. Leaves ovate to linear, 6-15 cm. long, ciliate, 5-nerved at the broadly cuneate or cordate base, entire, toothed, or 3-lobed to abo-^e the middle, the lobes ovate or tri- angular, acute or acuminate, the middle one much the larger; petioles 5-15 mm. long, each with 2 glands at or above the middle; peduncles surpassing the petioles, commonly in pairs; calyx greenish, 2-2.5 cm. broad; sepals lanceolate or linear-lanceolate; 8-12 mm. long; corolla wanting; crown-fila- ments purple at the base, shorter than the sepals; berries subglobose or oval, 10-12 mm. in diameter. Coppices and scrub-lands, throughout the archipelago from Abaco and the Berry Islands to East Caicos. Grand Turk and Inagua : — Bermuda ; Florida ; West Indies ; continental tropical America. The species consists of a large number of races, glabrous or pubescent, the leaves varying from linear-lanceolate to nearly orbicular, and the fruit from globose to ellipsoid. Pteferred to by Hitchcock as P. villosa Macf. Juxiper-bekry. Sisiall Passion-flower. Catesby, 2 : p7. 51. 5. Passiflora multiflora L. Sp. PI. 956. 1753. A somewhat woody, slender vine, climbing to a length of 6 m. or more, the stems and leaves finely pubescent or sometimes glabrous. Leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, 5-12 cm. long, entire, pinnately veined and triplinerved, reticulate-veined beneath, obtuse or acute and mucronulate at the apex, ob- tuse, rounded or subcordate at the base, the short petiole 2-glandular at the top; peduncles 2-6 together in the axils, slender, jointed near the middle, 5-15 mm. long; involucre none; sepals oblong-lanceolate, greenish-yellow, about 6 mm. long; petals linear, Avhite, shorter than the sepals; carpophore none; berry globose, 6-10 mm. in diameter. Coppices and scrub-lands, Andros ; New Providence ; Eleuthera : — Florida ; Cuba to Tortolo. Oblong-leaved Passion-flower. 6. Passiflora rubra L. Sp. PI. 956. 1753. A softly pubescent, slightly woody vine^ sometimes 2 m. long or more. Leaves thin, eglandular, broader than long, 7-12 cm. broad, 5-nerved, deeply cordate at the base, broadly 2-lobed or subtruncate, the lobes ovate, acute or acutish, the midvein excurrent, the petioles 1-4 cm. long; peduncles solitary or 2 in the axils, slender or filiform, longer than the petioles, jointed below the flower; flowers 3-5 cm. broad, greenish-white, the 5 sepals somewhat longer than the 5 petals; crown of 3 series of subulate processes, about as long as the petals; berry oval or subglobose, pubescent^ 6-ribbed, 2-4 cm. in diameter, longer than the carpophore. Open fields and scrub-lands, Abaco ; New Providence : — Cuba to Porto Rico and Trinidad ; Jamaica ; continental tropical America. Broad-lea\'ed Passion-flower. CAEICACEAE. 289 7. Passiflora 'bifldra Lam. Encycl. 3: 36. 1789. Passiflora lunata Wilkl. Sp. PI. 3: 612. 1801. GlaTDrous, somewhat woody, 1 m. long or longer. Leaves chartaceous, 2-lobed, mostly broader than long, 5-8 cm. broad, ocellate beneath, strongly 3-nerved, reticulate-veined on both surfaces, subcordate or obtuse at the base, shining above, dull beneath^ the lobes obtuse or rounded, the slender gland- less petioles 1-4- cm. long; flowers white, about 2 cm. broad, solitary or in pairs in the axils, the peduncles as long as the petioles or longer; flower- tube campanulate; crown white or yellowish, its outer segments spreading, nearly as long as the petals, dilated above; berry subglobose, about 2 cm. in diameter, fleshy. Pine-lands, Abaco, New Providence : — Jamaica ; tropical continental America. Two-LOBED Passiok-flower. Apparently recorded by Shoepf as P. Vespertilio L. 8. Passiflora cupraea L. Sp. PI. 955. 1753. A somewhat woody, glabrous vine, 1-2 m. long. Leaves ovate to elliptic, rather thin, short-petioled, 3-5 cm. long, 3-nerved, dark green, rounded and mucrouulate at the apex, rounded or subcordate at the base, reticulate-veined on both sides, with a few distant flat circular glands beneath; peduncles longer than the petioles, jointed at about the middle; calyx white to red or purple, 2-3 cm. long; petals narrowly oblong, shorter than the calyx; crown- segments few, linear; carpophore 2-3 cm. long; berry globose, 10-20 mm. in diameter, dark purple. Scrub-lands, coppices, and coastal thickets, Abaco and the Berry Islands to South Bimini, Andres, Inagua, North Caicos, the Anguilla Isles and Cay' Sal : — Cuba. Devil's Pumpkin. Wild Watermelon. Smooth Passion-flower. Catesby, 2 : pi. 93. Family 2. CARICACEAE Dumort. Papaw Fa:mily. Trees, with milky sap, ample broad palmately 7-9-lobed leaves and unisexual, or rarely perfect flowers. Calyx short. Staminate flowers with a salver-shaped corolla, its tube slender; the lobes 5, valvate or convolute; stamens 10, inserted in the throat of the corolla; filaments short; anthers adnate to the filaments, 2-celled. Pistillate flowers with 5 distinct petals and no staminodia; ovary compound, 1-celled, or sometimes imperfectly 5-celled, free, sessile; stigmas 5, sessile; ovules numerous, in two or many series on the 5 placentae. Fruit a large fleshy ben-y. Seeds numerous, flattened, with a roughened testa; endosperm fleshy; embryo axile. There are two genera, the following composed of about 25 species of tropical and subtroj)ical distribution, and Jacaratia of tropical Africa and America, w^hich differs from Carica by having the stamens partly united. 1. CARICA L. Sp. PI. 1036. 1753. Characters of the family. [Named from the fancied resemblance of the fruit to that of the Fig.] Tj-pe species: Carica Papaija L. L Carica Papaya L. Sp. PI. 1036. 1753. A small tree, with a simple wand-like stem, 3-6 m. tall, leafy at the top. Laves large, thick, suborbicular in outline, 2-6 dm. broad, mostly palmately 290 LOASACEAE. 7-lobecl, pale or glaucous beneath, each lobe pinnately lobed, the segments obtuse or acute, or the larger ones acuminate; petioles stout; staminate flow- ers in slender panicles 1-several dm. long; calyx of the staminate flowers 1-1.0 mm. long, that of the pistillate flowers 5-10 mm. long, the lobes longer than the tube; corolla yellow, that of the staminate flowers 2.5-3 cm. long, its tube slender, dilated near the top, its lobes lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, barely as long as the tube; corolla of the pistillate flowers longer, the petals distinct, lanceolate, twisted; berries oblong to subglobose, 0.6-3 dm. long, yellow or orange, with a milky juice. Scrub-lands, spontaneous after cultivation, Eleuthera, on the margin of the salt pond about half way between the Glass Window and Gregory Town, Andros and Inagua : — naturalized in many places in the ^Yest Indian Islands, and in Florida, its native home unknown, but, doubtless, in tropical America. Papaw. Order 19. LOASALES. Herbs, often armed with hooked stinging or viscid hairs, with estipulate leaves, and regular perfect white yellow or reddish flowers. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovaiy, its limb 4--5-lobed, persistent. Petals 4 or 5, inserted on the throat of the calyx. Stamens oc , inserted with the petals ; filaments filiform, commonly arranged in clusters opposite the petals; anthers in- trorse. Ovary 1-celled (rarely 2-3-celled), with 2-3 parietal placentae; ovules anatropous. Capsule usually 1-celled, crowned with the calyx-limb. Seeds mostly numerous; endosperm scanty. Family 1. LOASACEAE Rchb. LoASA Family. Characters of the order. About 20 genera and 250 species, all but 1 natives of America. 1. MENTZELIA L. Sp. PI. 516. 1753. Erect or straggling herbs, with entire, lobed or pinnatifid leaves, and terminal, cymose or solitary flowers. Calyx-tube cylindric, linear or club- shaped, the limb usually 5-lobed. Petals 5, convolute in the bud, spreading, deciduous. Stames 20-100. Ovary 1-celled; styles 3, more or less united; stigmas small, obtuse. Capsule dehiscent at the summit, few-many-seeded. Seeds mostly prismatic, rough or striate. [In honor of C. Mentzel, a German botanist, died 1701.] About 35 species, natives of America. Type species: Mentzelia aspera L. 1. Mentzelia floridana Nutt.; Torr. &■ Gray, Fl. K Am. 1: 533. 1840. Ascending or diffusely branched, 3-6 dm. high, the slender stem and branches rough-pubescent. Leaves ovate or triangular-ovate, scabrous-pubes- cent, rather firm in texture, short-petioled, 2-9 cm. long, acute or acuminate at the apex, subtruncate or broadly cuneate at the base, dentate, sometimes 3-lobed; flowers sessile and solitary in the upper axils; sepals lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 5-6 mm. long; petals yellow, about 3 times as long as the sepals; ovary obconicj densely hispid; capsule hispid, 1-1.5 cm. long. Sandy waste grounds, Eleuthera, near Governor's Harbor : — Florida. Florida Mentzelia. I CACTACEAE. 291 Order 20. OPUNTIALES. Fleshy plants, with continuous or jointed stems, mostly leafless, or with small leaves, generally abundantly spiny, the spines developed from cushions of hairs or bristles (areolae). Flowers mostly solitary and sessile, perfect, regailar, showy. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, its limb many- lobed. Petals numerous, imbricated in several rows, mostly distinct. Sta- mens numerous, inserted on the throat of the calyx. Filaments filiform; anthers small. Ovary 1-celled; ovules numerous, anatropous, borne on several parietal placentae. Style terminal, elongated; stigmas numerous. Fruit a beriy, mostly fleshy, sometimes dry. Seeds smooth, or tubercled, the testa usually crustaceous or bony; endosperm little, or copious. Only one family. Family 1. CACTACEAE Lindl. Cactus Family. Characters of the order. About 100 genera and not less than 1000 species, natives of America. Areoles with spines but without glochides ; corolla not rotate. Plants tall or long, erect or climbing. Plants tall, mostly erect, with ribbed, columnar branches. Flowers short-campanulate, the style exserted ; fruit smooth. 1. Ccphaloccms. Flowers elongated-campanulate, the style Included ; fruit tubercled when young. 2. Harrisia. Plants climbing or trailing, with aerial roots ; flowers noc- turnal, large, widely campanulate. Joints sharply trigonous ; corolla-tube not woolly. S. Hi/loccrcus. Joints terete,"^ ribbed or -l-S-angled ; corolla-tube woolly. 4. Sclcniccrtus. Plants globose or ovoid, not more than twice as high as thick. Plants ribbed, surmounted by a woolly cephalium which bears the flowers. 5. Cactus. Plants with no cephalium, tubercled, the areoles bearing spines and flowers. 0. Conjphantha. Areoles with or without spines, but with glochides; corolla rotate. 7. Opuntia. 1. CEPHAIiOCEREUS Pfeiffer, Allg. Gartenz. 6: 142. 1S3S. [PiLOCEREus Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. & Spec. 6. 1839.] Large, simple or branched, erect, columnar cacti, the joints leafless, elongated, ribbed and grooved, the upper areoles often densely lanate or long- bristlj. Flowers solitary at upper areoles, nocturnal, fleshy, rather small, the tube short-funnelform or campanulate, the segments not very widely ex- panding; ovary subglobose, naked or bearing a few scales, spineless; style usually short-exserted. Fruit a globose or depressed-globose smooth berry; seeds small and numerous, black or brown. [Greek, head-Cereiis.] Forty species or more, of tropical and subtropical America. Type species: Cactus senilis Haw. Flowering areoles with wool as long as the spines or longer ; plant pale-pruinose. 1- C. MUhpnuphti. Flowering areoles without wool or the wool much shorter than the spines; plant dull green, not pruinose. -• C. hahnvtaisis. 292 CACTACEAE. 1. Cephalocereus MiUspaugliii Britton, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 417. 1909. Stem branclied, 2-6 m. high, 20 cm. thick at the base, the iDranches nearly erect, 8-12 cm. thick, pale grayish green, pruinose, 8-13-ribbed, the ribs acutish, about as wide as high or a little wider; areoles 1-2 cm. apart; spines about 20, acicular, widely radiating, 1-2 cm. long, or at the flower-bearing (upper) areoles 3-7 cm. long, the old ones gray brown, the young ones yellow or yellow-brown, with, darker bases; upper areoles on one side of the plant with large tufts of whitish wool often as long as the spines or longer; flow- ers 6 cm. long. Rocky hillsides, coppices and thickets, Cave Cay, Cat Island, Conception Island, Watling's, Acklin's, Mariguana, Long Island, Caicos Islands, Cotton, Salt and Ambergris Cays, and Little Inagua : — Cuban Cays. Recorded by Dolley and by Hitchcock as Cereus Swartzii Griseb. ; by Coker as Pilocerus lanuginosus. Mills- paugh's Dildo. Wild Fig. Old :Max Cactus. 2. Cephalocereus bahamensis Britton, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 415. 1909. Plant 3—4 m. high, often 20 cm. thick at the base, the branches divergent- ascending, 7-9 cm. thick, dull green, not pruinose, 10- or 11-ribbed, the ribs blunt or acutish, rather higher than wide; areoles 1-1.5 cm. apart; spines 15- 20, acicular, radiately spreading and ascending, gray-brown to yellow-brown when old, 1-1.5 cm. long, the young ones yellowish with darker bases, the uppermost 2.5-3 cm. long; wool very short (shorter than the spines), or none; flower 5-6 em. long, brownish outside, the petals creamy-white. Rocky hillsides. Frozen Cay, Andros, Eleuthera, and Crooked Island. Endemic. Recorded by Mrs. Northop as Cereus Sicartzii Griseb. Bahama Dildo. 2. HARRISIA Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 35: 561. 1908. Night-flowering cacti^ mostly with upright branched cylindric stems, the branches fluted, with from 8-10 rounded ribs, separated by shallow grooves and bearing leafless areoles at frequent intervals, each areole with acicular spines. Flowers borne singly, at areoles near the ends of the branches, funnel- form, large, with a cylindric scaly but spineless tube as long as the limb or longer; buds globose, ovoid, or obovoid, densely scaled, the scales subtending long or short woolly nairs; sepals pink or greenish, linear-lanceolate; petals white; stamens shorter than the petals; style somewhat longer than the sta- mens; fruit globose to ovoid-globose, green to yellow, tubercled or becoming smooth, spineless, with mostly deciduous scales; corolla withering-persistent; seeds very numerous, small. [In honor of William Harris, Superintendent of Public Gardens and Plantations of Jamaica, distinguished for his contribu- tions to the knowledge of the flora of that island.] About 8 species, natives of Florida and tropical America. Type species: Cereus gracilis Mill. 1. Harrisia Brookii Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 35: 564. 1908. Plant 5 m. high, much branched, light green ; branches 3-4 cm. thick, 10-ribbed, the ribs sometimes prominent^ with deep depressions between them. Areoles about 2 cm. apart; spines 6-12, the longer ones 2-2.5 cm. long; bud ovoid, prominently long-pointed, its scales with few curled white hairs 7-10 mm. long; fruit yello^^■ish, subglobose or ellipsoid, about 8 cm. in diameter, rounded at both ends, or narrowed above, the tubsrcles very low, with tips only 1.5 mm. high, the linear scales persistent. Scrub-lands, Long Island at Clarence Town. Endemic. Recorded by Dolley as Cereus repandus Haw, and also as Cereus pellucidus (presumably). Named in honor of Herbert M. Brook, for many years Registrar of the Bahamas, who greatly facilitated our explorations. At the place of publication Clarence Town was inad- vertently printed George Town. Brook's Dildo. CACTACEAE. 293 3. HYLOCEREUS (Berger) Britton & Rose, Contr. U. S. Xat. Herb. 12: 428. 1909. Climbing or trailing cacti, \\ith 3-winged or S-angled, mostly stout stems and branches emitting aerial roots, but bearing no leaves, the areoles borne on the wings or angles and armed with few or several short spines. Flowers nocturnal, very large, regular, the ovary and tube bearing large, ovate to linear-lanceolate scales, usually without spines or hairs, the perianth-segments numerous, linear or narrowly lanceolate, widely spreading, the outer green, the inner mostly bright white. Stamens very many. Fruit a scaly berry, not spiny nor bristly. [Greek, forest-cereus.] About 20 species, natives of tropi- cal America. Type species: Cereus triangularis L. 1. Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton §c Rose; Britton, Fl. Berm. 2-36. 1918. Cereus undatus Haw. Phil. Mag. 7: 110. 1830. Cereus tricostatus G'osselin, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 54: 664. 1907. Stems stout, fleshy, glabrous, sometimes 7 m. long, often climbing on trees, the branches 3-12 dm. long, green, 3-winged, the Avings flat, 1-2.5 cm. broad, coarsely crenate, their margins with a narrow horny border; spines 2-5 at each areole, brownish, 3-4 mm. long; flowers about 3 dm. long, the tube about 3 cm. thick, rather shorter than the limb, bearing several linear- lanceolate scales 3-8 cm. long; ovary 2.5-5 cm. long, bearing several ovate acute scales 2.5 cm. long or less; style stout, about as long as the stamens; berry oblong, red, pulpy, about 8 cm. long, covered with ovate scales. On trees and walls, spontaneous or persistent after cultivation. New Provi- dence: — Bermuda; Florida: the West Indies; continental tropical America: native of :Mexico. Has been confused with Cereus triangularis L., of Jamaica. Night- blooming Cereus. 4. SELENICEREUS (Berger) Britton & Rose, Contr. U. S. Xat. Herb. 12: 429. 1909. Climbing or trailing, vine-like cacti, the joints several-ribbed, fluted or angled, giving off aerial roots, the large funnel-form flowers nocturnal; the stem-areoles bearing conic or acicular spines, but no leaves. Ovary and flower- tube bearing small scales, usually with long hairs and bristles or spines in their axils. Perianth segments numerous, narrow, spreading or recurved, the inner white. Stamens numerous. Fruit a globose or ovoid berry, usually large, bearing clusters of deciduous spines. [Greeks moon-cereus.] About 14 species, natives of tropical America. Type species: Cactus grandiflorus L. Stems fluted : spines about 2 mm. long, shorter than the wool. 1. S. Bocckmani. Stems 4-6-angled, or ribbed ; spines 6-8 mm. long, much longer than the wool. -■ ^- prandiflonia. 1. Selenicereus Boeckmaimi (Otto) Britton & Rose, Contr. Xat. Herb. 12: 429. 1909. Cereus BoecTcmanni Otto; Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849: 217. 1S50. Stems light green, 1-2 cm. thick, several-ribbed or angled. Spines 3-6 at the areoles, subconic, about 2 mm. long, brownish or yellowish; flowers about 3 dm. long; outer perianth-segments and scales of the flower-tube linear, brown or brownish; inner perianth-segments oblanceolate, about 10 cm. long 294 CACTACEAE. and 3 cm. wide; wool of the areoles of ovary and flower-tube brown, silky; style greenish; ovary strongly tubercled; fruit globose, 5-6 cm. in diameter. On walls, persistent or spontaneous after cultivation, New Providence : — Cuba ; Hispaniola ; east coast of Mexico. Queen-of-the-Night. 2. Selenicereus grandiflorus (L.) Britten & Eose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 430. 1909. Cactus grandiflorus L. Sp. PL 467. 1753. Cereus grandiflorus Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, no. 11. 1768. Stems light green, but often becoming deep purple, up to 3 cm. in diameter ; ribs 4-8, rather prominent but less so on the older branches; areoles small, white; spines acicular, 1 cm. long or less, yellowish; deflexed bristles or hairs from the lower part of the areoles several, white, often longer than the spines; flowers 2 dm. long; outer perianth-segments and scales of the tube linear, greenish or brownish, sometimes nearly rose-colored; inner perianth-segments acute, rather broad ; style cream-colored, stout ; areoles of ovary and flower- tube bearing short wool and long silky whitish hairs and white bristles; ovary tubercled; fruit ovoid, about 8 cm. long. Thickets, Cave Cay, persistent after cultivation : — Cuba ; Jamaica. Queex-of- THE-NiGHT. Often cultivated. 5. CACTUS L. Sp. PI. 466. 1753. Subglobose ovoid or short-cylindric, ribbed leafless cacti, the spine- bearing areoles borne on the ribs, the flowering areoles confluent into a term- inal, densely woolly and bristly cephalium. Flowers Avith a cylindric tube, sometimes enlarged at the base, the limb several-many-lobed, the lobes imbri- cated. Stamens several or numerous, the filaments capillary, the anthers oblong. Ovary smooth; style filiform; stigma-rays few or many; ovules many. Fruit an obovoid or subclavate, fles-hy and juicy berry, at length protruded from the cephalium, ci owned by the withering perianth. Seeds many, small, black, without endosperm. About 20 species, natives of tropical America. Type species: Cactus Melocactus L. 1. Cactus intortus Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, no. 2. 1768. Plant depressed-globose when young, when old ovoid, 3-4 dm. high and often 3 dm, in diameter, rather light dull green, 15-20-ribbed, the ribs 2-4 cm. high, crenate, the areoles bearing 7-13, stout subulate spines 1.5-4 cm. long; cephalium at first nearly flat, at length cylindric, about 10 cm. in diameter, sometimes 3 dm. high, densely white-woolly and brown-bristly; flowers pink or rose, 1-1.6 cm. long; inner perianth-segmerts acute or cuspidate; fruit red or rose, narrowly obovoid, 2-2.5 cm. long. Rocky soil. Long Island, Acklin's Island, Mariguana. East and South Caicos, Turlvs Islands. Eastern Cay, Cotton Cay. Ambergris Cay. Little Inagua and Inagua : — Mona to Virgin Gorda and Antigua. Recorded by Dolley as Melocactus communis DC. TURK'S-CAP. 6. CORYPHANTHA Lemaire, Cact. 32. 1868. [Mammillarl\ Haw. Syn. PI. Succ. 177. 1812. Not iStackh. 1809.] iStems globose or ovoid^ tubercled. Tubercles conic or cylindric, woolly and with clusters of spines at the apex. Leaves none. Flowers borne in areolae at the bases of the tubercles. Calyx-tube prolonged beyond the ovary, which CACTACEAE. 295 is often hidden between the tubercles. Petals in several rows. Ovary smooth, ovoid; style filiform. Berry emersed, crowned by the withering corolla. [Greek name of some prickly plant,] About 300 described species, natives of warm and tropical America. Type species: MammiUaria svlcolanata Lemaire. 1. Coryphantha nivosa (Link.) Britton, Annals Mo. Bot. Gard. 2: 45. 1915. MammiUaria nivosa Link; Pfeiff. Enuni. 11. 1837, Plants globose or globose-oblong, solitary or tufted, becoming 10-12 cm. in diameter, and sometimes 1.5 dm. long. Tubercles many, dull green, oblong- conic, 1-1.5 cm. high, obtuse; areoles bearing several yellow or yellowish brown, acicular spines 2 cm, long or less, and when young, tufts of bright white wool; flowers cream-color, about 1 cm. broad; perianth-segments acute or acuminate; berry obovoid or o'blong-obovoid, obtuse, 1-1.5 cm. long, red. Woolly Nipple- cactus. Rocky places, South Cnicos and Inagua : — Mona ; Culebra to Tortola and Antigua. Recorded by Dolley as Echinocactus sp. 7. OPUNTIA [Tourn.] Mill. Gard. Diet. Abr. ed. 4. 1754. Succulent plants, with jointed branching stems, the joints flat, or cylindric, and small, mostly subulate, deciduous leaves, the areolae usually spine-bearing. Flowers usually lateral. Calyx-tube not prolonged beyond the ovary, its lobes spreading. Petals numerous?, slightly united at the base. Stamens very numerous. Ovary cylindric, exserted; style cylindric, longer than the stamens; stigma 2-7-rayed, Berry globose to obovoid, often spiny. [Named from a town in Greece where some species grew.] About 250 species, natives of America. Type species: Cactus Opuntia L. Plants with erect continuous stems branching into flat joints at the summit. Plants abundantly spiny. Branches erect or ascending; areoles not pitted. 1. O.yashii. Branches widely spreading ; areoles pitted, spineless ex- cept at and near the edges of the joints. 2. O. Milhpnuphii. Plants nearly or quite spineless. o. (>. buhamana. Plants bushy-branching from the base. -Toints much longer than wide, the spines pale yellow. 4. O. Iiicai/aua. Joints little or somewhat longer than wide ; spines dark yellow or yellow-brown. ">. O. Dillcnii. Affinity uncertain. 0. O. Dnrrahinna. 1. Opuntia Nashii Britton, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gar.l. 3: 446. 1005. Tree-like, dull green. Main axis round, 1—4 m. high, 5-12 cm. in diameter, spiny; branches flat or becoming round below, the principal ones continuous, 1 m. long or more^ 6 cm. wide or less, crenate, blunt ; lateral branches opposite or alternate, oblong to linear-oblong, often 3 dm. long, and 8 cm. wide, only about 6 mm. thick, blunt, crenate; areoles 1-3 cm. apart, slightly elevate. 1 ; spines mostly 5 at each arcole (2-5), divergent, slender, straight, light gray, pungent, the longer 3-5 cm. long; glochides very small, brownish; ovary W cm. long, 1.5 cm. thick, somewhat clavate. tultercleil, the tubercles bearing areoles and spines similar to those of the joints, but the si>inos somewhat shorter; flowers 1.5 cm. broad when expanded, red ; petals broadly oval to obovate, blunt, about 8 mm. long, much longer than the stamens. Scrub-lands and rockv plains. Andros. Ship ChaniiPl Cay. Atwood Cny, Fortuno Island. Crooked Island. North and South Calcos. Grand Turk. Kastorn Cay. Turk's Islands and Inagua. Endemic. Recorded by Mrs. Northrop nnd l)y Hitchcock n.s Opicntia spino.sissima : and by Coker and presumably by Dolley ns O. triarontha. Nash's Prickly-pear. 296 CACTACEAE. 2. Opuntia Millspaughii Britton, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 50: 513. 1P08. Trunk terete, 7 cm. thick at base, 5 cm. thick at top, 6 dm. high or less, branching at the summit, the branches divaricate-ascending, narrowly oblong, much compressed, 40 cm, long or less, 5 to 10 cm. wide, 1 to 1.5 cm. thick, light green. Branchlets obliquely lanceolate, obtuse, as wide as the branches, but shorter, 1 cm. thick or less, floriferous at and near the apex; areoles of the older branches pitted, about 1 cm. apart, those of very young shoots slightly elevated, the glochides very short, yellow-brown; spines of the trunk 15 cm. long or less, very numerous and densely clothing the trunk, very slender, gray, mostly strongly reflexed, pungent, those of the branches and branchlets re- stricted to the areoles on their edges, shorter than those of the trunk, but similar, those of the fruit yellow-gray, 2 cm. long or less; flowers cupulate, crim?on-lake, 1 cm. wide; sepals fleshy, ovate, acute, 4 mm. long and wide; petals erect-ascending, obovate, mucronulate, about 4 mm. wide; stamens half as long as the corolla; style about as long as the corolla; stigma oblong, yel- lowish crimson; fruit compressed-obovoid, 2 cm. long, 1.5 cm. thick, bearing one or two spines at most of the areoles. On nearly flat and smooth limestone rocks, Eleuthera, at Rock Sound : Long Island, on Thatch Cay ; Great Ragged Island : — Cuban Cays. Millspaugh's Prickly- PEAE. 3. Opuntia bahamana Britton & Eose, Oactaceae 1: 203, /. S54, 255. 1919. Branched from a short trunk, bushy, about 1,5 m. high. Joints oblong to lanceolate, flat and thin, 1-5 dm. long, 4-10 cm. wide, dull green, obtuse, scarcely undulate; areoles 1.5-3 cm. apart, scarcely elevated, about 2 mm, in diameter, spineless, or bearing 1-4 acicular yellow spines 2 cm. long or less ; glochides few and short; corolla about 6 cm. broad; petals obovate, rose-tinted below, yellowish-rose above; sepals dark rose, whitish-margined. Rocky places. Cat Island at The Bight. Endemic. Tentatively referred to 0. lanceolata Haw., in Smith. Misc. Coll. 50 : 525. Bahama Pkickly-peae. 4. Opuntia lucayana Britton, Bull, X, Y. Bot. Gard, 4: 141. 1906. Stems ascending, often forming dense clumps. Joints various, linear- oblong to obovate, often 10 dm. long, 6-15 cm. wide, olive-green, slightly lustrous, more or less crenate, about 1.5 cm. thick, knobbed at the areoles; areoles distant, nearly 1 cm. broad, white-velvety; glochides numerous, yellow, 6 mm. long or less, mostly borne at the upper margins of the areoles; spines 3-8 at each areole, light-yellow, flattened on the upper side, subulate, straight, often somewhat twisted, the longer ones 12 cm. long or less; flowers yellow, 7-8 cm. broad; stamens about half as long as the petals; ovary narrowly pyri- form, 4-5 cm. long, its upper areoles bearing 1-3 subulate pale-yellow spines 2.5 cm. long or less, which are sometimes persistent on the fruit; berry pyri- form, 5-6 cm. long, 2-3 cm. in diameter. Scrub-lands, Grand Turk Island. Endemic. Turk's Islands Pricklt-pear. The reference to Opuntia Tnna at the place of original publication of this species is erroneous ; as now understood, O. Tuna grows naturally only in Jamaica. O. lucayana may be a hybrid between O. Dillenii and O, Nashii. 5. Opuntia Dillenii (Ker-GaAvl,) Haw. Suppl. PI. Succ. 79. 1819. Cactus Dillenii Ker-Gawl, Bot, Reg. 3: pi. 255. 1818. Bushy-branched, 0.5-1.8 m. high, often forming masses 2 m. in diameter. Joints green, glabrous, mostly obovate and 1-2.5 dm. long, about 8 mm. thick, crenate, the areoles 2-6 cm. apart, somewhat elevated, bearing 1-4, stout yellow spines 1-4 cm. long, or spineless, the numerous glochides yellowish to brownish, 6 mm. long or less; flowers solitary at the areoles, often abundant, bright MELASTOMACEAE. 297 yellow, about 7.5 cm. broad; ovary obovoid, with gloehide-bearing areoles; petals obovate; stamens much shorter than the petals; fruit pyriform, red or purple, edible, 5-8 cm. long. Maritime and coastal rocks, Abaco and Great Bahama to Grand Turk and Inagua : — Bermuda ; Florida : West Indies ; eastern coast of Mexico. Recorded bv Hitchcock, Coker. Mrs. Northrop and Dolley, as O. Tuna (L.) Mill, and by Schoepf as Cactus Tuna L. Common 1*kickly-peak. 6. Opuntia Darrahiana Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Xat. Paris 10: 388. 1904. Forming tufts 2-2.5 dm. high and 4 dm. in diameter, much-branched. Joints green, 7-8 cm. long, 4-5 cm. wide; areoles 1-2 cm. apart; glochides none; spines about 6, the longer 4-4.5 cm. long, the shorter not more than 1 cm. long, all white or grayish-white, brownish at the tip, straight, acicular, rigid. Obtained by Darrah from Turk's Islands according to Weber : known to ns only from the description ; neither the flowers nor the fruit are described. Darkau's Prickly-peae. Order 21. MYRTALES. Herbs, shrubs or trees, unarmed, sometimes aquatic or amphibious. Leaves alternate or opposite. Flowers regular or irregular, complete, and often show}', or reduced to a stamen and pistil adnate to the bypanthium. Hypanthium merely enclosing the ovary or adnate to it. Stamens few or many. Anthers opening by slits, valves or pores. Stigma terminating the style, or sessile. Fruit capsular or baccate, or resembling an achene. Style present, simple or compound ; stigma terminal. Anthers opening by pores. Anthers opening by longitudinal valves. Hypanthium merely enclosing the ovary. Hypanthium adnate to the ovary or mainly so. Cotyledons spirally convolute in the embryo. Cotyledons not spirally convolute. Sepals imbricated, or united and the calyx falling away as a cap. Sepals valvate. Leaves stipulate ; sepals leathery. Leaves not stipulate ; sepals mem- branous or herbaceous. Style wanting ; stigmas sessile. Fam. 1. MELASTOMACEAE. Fam. 2. Lythraceae. Fam. 3. Termixaliaceae. Fam. 4. Myrtaceae. Fam. 5. Rhizophoraceae. Fam. Fam. oxagraceae. Haloragidaceae. Family 1. MELASTOMACEAE R. Br. Meadow-beauty Family. Herbs, or many shrubs or trees in tropical regions, with opi^osite 3-9- nerved leaves, and regular perfect often sho^\w but rarely odorous flowers. Stipules none. Calyx-tube usually 4— 5-lobed, the lobes imbricated. Petals as many as the lobes of the calyx and inserted on its throat, imbricated. Stamens twice as many, or equal in number to the petals, often inclined or declined, the alternate ones sometimes shorter. Ovary 2-several-celled (often 4-celled) ; style terminal, simple; ovules oc, anatropous. Fruit included in the calyx-tube, capsular or baccate. Seeds mainly small, with no endosperm. About 150 genera and 2500 species, widely distributed in tropical regions, most abundant in South America. 20 298 LYTHRACEAE. 1. TETBAZYGIA L. C. Ricli.; DC. Prodr. 3: 172. 1828. Trees or shrubs, the foliage often scurfy, with petioled, entire or toothed leaves, and rather small flowers in terminal panicles or corymbs. Calyx con- stricted above the ovary, its limb 4-5-lobed or subtruncate. Petals 4 or 5, obovate. Stamens S or 10, nearly equal; filaments subulate; anthers linear, opening by a pore. Ovary 4-5-celled; style curved, filiform; stigma minute. Fruit a 4^5-celled fleshy berry. [Greek, referring to the 4-parted flowers of the type species.] About 16 species of the West Indian region. Type species: Tetrazygia tetrandra (Sw.) DC. 1. Tetrazygia bicolor (Mill.) Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7:. 724. 1891. Melastoma bicolor Mill. Diet. ed. 8, No. 6. 1768. A shrub or small tree up to 6 m. high, with scaly bark, the young twigs scurfy. Leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 0.8-2 dm. long, strongly 3- ribbed and with, many widely spreading lateral veins, entire, acuminate at the apex, mostly obtuse at the base, green above, whitish-scurfy beneath, the slender scurfy petioles 2-4 em. long; panicles peduncled, 1-2 dm. long, sev- eral-many-flowered; pedicels slender, 5-10 mm. long; calyx-limb subtruncate; petals 4, white, 7-8 mm. long; berry subglobose, purple or black, 8-10 mm. in diameter. Scrub-lands, pine-lands and coppices, Abaco, Great Bahama, Andros, New Provi- dence and Eleuthera : — Florida : Cuba. Reported by Grisebach and by Dolley as T. angustiflora Griseb. and by Sehoepf as Melastoma discolor L. Tetrazygia. Family 2. LYTHRACEAE Lindl. Loosestrife Fa^iily. Herbs, shrubs, or often trees in tropical regions, mostly with opposite leaves and perfect flowers. Stipules usually none. Calyx persistent, free from the ovai-y, the limb toothed. Petals as many as the primary calyx- teeth, inserted on the calyx, or none. Stamens inserted on the calyx. Anthers versatile. Ovary 2-6-celled or sometimes 1-celled; style 1; ovules CO, rarely few, anatropous. Capsule 1-several-celled. Seeds without endo- sperm; cotyledons flat, often aurieled at the base. About 21 genera and 400 species, of wide distribution. Fruit globose ; flowers regular. Herbs with axillary inflorescence. 1. Ammannia. Shrubs or small trees with terminal inflorescence. 2. Lawsonia. Fruit elongated ; flowers irregular. • 3. Parsonsia. 1. AMMANNIA [Houst.] L. Sp. PI. 119. 1753. Annual glabrous or glabrate herbs, mostly with 4-angled stems, opposite sessile narrow leaves, and small axillary flowers. Calyx campanulate, globose or ovoid, 4-angled, 4-toothed, often with small accessory teeth in the sinuses. Petals 4, deciduous or none. Stamens 4-8, inserted on the calyx-tube. Ovary nearly globular, 2-4-celled. Capsule bursting irregularly. [Named for Johann Ammann, 1699-1741, a German botanist.] About 20 species, of wide distri- bution. Type species: Ammannia latifolia L. LYTHRACEAE. 299 1. Ammannia latifolia L. Sp. PI. 119. 1753. Erect, 2-11 dm. high, the branches nearly erect, or ascending. Leaves linear-lanceolate or linear-oblong, 2-7 cm. long, 2-10 mm. wide, acute or blunt at the apex, sessile, clasping the stem by an auricled base; flowers minute, green, sessile and solitary or few together in the axils; calyx about 2 mm. long; petals none; style short; capsule about 4 mm. in diameter, enclosed by the calyx. Borders of fresh-water holes and marshes, Great Bahama, Andros, New I'rovi- dence, Eleuthera, Cat Island, Watling's, Long Ishmd, Acklin's, Crooked Island, North Caicos and Inagua : — Florida ; the West Indies ; Mexico and continental tropical America. Ammannia. 2. LAWSONIA L. Sp. PI. 349. 1753. A glabrous shrub, the terete branches sometimes spineseent, the small leaves opposite and entire, the numerous small white flowers corymbose. Calyx turbinate, 4-angled, the 4 lobes spreading. Petals 4, sessile. Stamens 8, borne near the base of the calyx-tube; filaments subulate; anthers oblong. Ovary subglobose, 4-celled; ovules numerous; style filiform; stigma capitate. Capsule subglobose, 4-celled, irregularly rupturing, many-seeded. Seeds 4- angled, cuneate, truncate; cotyledons orbicular. [Commemorates Isaac Law- son, English physician and botanist, died 1747.] A monotypic genus. 1. Lawsonia inermis L. Sp. PI. 349. 1753. Lawso7iia alba Lam. Encycl. 3: 106. 1789. A shrub 5 m. high or less, with slender gray branches, unarmed or spiny. Leaves thin, elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, 1-4.5 cm. long, acute, obtuse or abruptly acuminate at the apex, narrowed or cuneate at the base, the short petioles slender; corymbs several-many-flowered, forming a terminal panicle; pedicels slender, scarcely longer than the flowers; calyx-lobes ovate, acute, 2-3 mm. long; petals somewhat longer than the calyx-lobes; stamens longer than the petals or equalling them; capsules about 6 mm. in diameter. Scrub-lands, spontaneous after cultivation, Inagua near Matthew Town : — spontaneous in many localities throughout the West Indies, Mexico, and tropical continental America. Native of the Orient. Henna Plant. 3. PARSONSIA P. Br.; Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 234. 1763. [CuPHEA P. Br.; Adans. loc. cit. Ilyponym. 1763.] Herbs (some shrubs in tropical regions), with opposite or verticillate leaves. Flowers axillary, irregular and unsymmetrical. Calyx-tube elongated, 12-ribbed, gibbous or spurred at the base, oblique at the mouth, with 6 pri- mary teeth and usually as many accessory ones. Petals 6, unequal. Stamens 6-11, inserted on the throat of the calyx, unequal; filaments short. Ovary with a curved gland at its base, unequally 2-celled; style slender; stigma 2- lobed. Capsule oblong, 1 -celled, laterally dehiscent. Seeds flattened. [In honor of James Parsons, M. D., a Scotch botanist.] About 180 species, na- tives of America. Type species: Lythrum Farsonsia L. 300 TEKMINALIACEAE. 1. Parsonsia Parsonsia (L.) Britton; Xorthrop, Mem. Torr. Club 12: 53. 1902. Lythrum Parsonsia L. Syst. ed. 10, 1045. 1759. Cuphea Parsonsia E. Br., Steud. Norn. 1: 245. 1S21. Parsonsia radicans Hitchc. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4: 87. 1893. Annual; herbaceous; stem little-brauclied, the branches prostrate or ascending, 1-3 dm. long, rough-pubescent. Leaves ovate or oblong, 1-2 cm. long, very short-petioled, acute or obtuse at the apex, mostly narrowed at the base, scabrous or nearly smooth; flowers solitary in upper axils, short- peduncled; calyx about 4 mm. long, gibbous at the base, its teeth very small; petals pale purple, about 2 mm. long; stamens 6, included; filaments glab- rous; capsule about 5 mm. long, few-seeded. Dry coral rocks and sink-holes, New Providence and Great Exuma : — Cuba to Porto Rico and Martinique ; Jamaica ; Mexico. Pl'eple Parsonsia. Family 3. TERMINALIACEAE J. St. Hil. White MAisrGRO\T] Family. Trees, shrubs, or vines, with petioled, usually simple and entire, estipu- late leaves, and regular, perfect or rarely polygamo-dioecious flowers, mostly spieate, racemose or capitate. Tube of the calyx adnate to the ovary, the limb 4-8-eleft. Petals usually small or none. Stamens various; filaments filiform; anthers didymous or 2-eelled, the sacs dehiscent longi- tudinally or by valves. Ovaiy 1-celled; ovules 1-several; style usually straight; stigma simple. Fruit various, mostly indehiscent, coriaceous or baccate. About 15 genera and some 275 species, mostly tropical. Fruit terete. Petals wanting. 1. Bucida. Petals 5 ; calyx persistent. 2. Laguncularia. Fruit an ellipsoid, flattened drupe ; petals none. 3. Terminalia. Fruit a cone-like mass of scale-like drupes : petals none. 4. Conocarpus. 1. BUCIDA L. Syst. ed. 10, 1025. 1759. Trees or shrubs, sometimes spinescent, with coriaceous entire alternate leaves clustered at the ends of the twigs, and small spieate or capitate flow- ers, some perfect, some staminate. Calyx broadly campanulate, slightly 5- toothed, persistent. Corolla none. Stamens 10, in 2 series; filaments slender, exserted. Fruit a small, slightly fleshy drupe, crowned by the at length de- ciduous calyx. [Latin ; slender horn-like galls develop from the fruit after it is bitten by a mite.] Two species, natives of the West Indian region. Type species: Bucida Buceras L. Flowers spieate; tree; drupe 8 mm. long. 1. B. Buceras. Flowers capitate ; spinescent shrub or tree ; drupe 3-4 mm. long. 2. B. spinosa. 1. Bucida Buceras L. Syst. ed. 10, 1025. 1759. A tree, attaining a maximum height of about 25 m., the trunk up to 1 m. in diameter or more, the young twigs and leaves pubescent, becoming glabrous. Leaves clustered at the ends of twigs, spatulate to elliptic, 3-9 cm. long, obtuse or emarginate at the apex, narrowed at the base, short- petioled; spikes peduncled, slender, pubescent, 3-10 cm. long; calyx-lobes tri- TEKMINALIACEAE. 301 angular, acute; stamens exserted ; drupe ovoid-conic, about 8 mm. long, tomen- tulose, slightly curved, the persistent calyx at length deciduous. Thickets and scrub-lands. Andros. New Providence, North and South Caicos and Inagua : — Florida ; West Indies ; Panama. Referred to by Hitchcock as Buccras angustifolia (DC.) Hitchcock, Erroneously called Oak. Black Olive. 2. Bucida spinosa (jSTorthrop) Jennings, Ann. Carn. Mus. 11: 201. 1917. Terminalia spinosa Northrop, Mem. Torr. Club 12: 54. 1902. A shrub or flat-topped tree, 4-8 m. high, with spreading branches, the trunk 1.5-2 dm. in diameter, the twigs divaricate, spiny. Leaves fascicled, subse?sile, oblanceolate to spatulate, 1-2.5 cm. long, 4-6 mm. wide, firm in texture, glabrous, entire, obtuse or retuse at the apex, narrowed at the base; spines slender, 3-7 mm. long, mostly in 3 's at the ends of the twigs; flowers few, greenish, in axillary short peduncled spikes; calyx campanulate, about 3 mm. long, subtruncate, villous within; stamens 8 or 9, about 3 mm. long; drupe ovoid, 3-4 mm. long, the calyx rather early deciduous. Coastal and savanna coppices and scrub-lands. Great Bahama and Andros : — Cuba. Spiny Black Olive. Brier-tkee. Prickly-tree. 2. LAGUNCULARIA Gaertn. f. Fr. & Sem. 3: 209. 1805. A halophytic tree or shrub, with opposite entire leaves, the petioles 2- glandular, and small greenish, flowers in clustered spikes. Flowers polyga- mous or perfect. Calyx-tube terete, 5-lobed. Petals 5, minute. Stamens 10, short, the filaments subulate, the anthers cordate. Ovary with a scalloped epigynous disk; style short, glabrous; stigma somewhat 2-lobed; ovules 2 in each cavity. Drupes coriaceous, ribbed or angled. Seed solitary, germinat- ing within the drupe. [Latin, from the fancied resemblance of the drupe to a flask.] A monotypic genus. 1. Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. f. Fr. & Sem. 3: 209. 1805. Conocarpus racemosa L. Syst. ed. 10, 930. 1759. A tree, reaching a maximum height of about 20 m. with a trunk up to 8 dm. in diameter, usually much smaller, and often shrubby, the reddish brown, glabrous twigs thickened at the nodes. Leaves oblong, oval or obovate, 2-7 cm. long, emarginate or rounded at the apex, rounded, narrowed or subcordate at the base, the stout petioles 0.5-2 cm. long; spikes 3-6 cm. long, few- several-flowered ; calyx tomentulose, its lobes rounded ; petals 5, orbicular, not longer than the calyx; drupes oblong to obovoid, reddish, 1.5-2 cm. long, constricted below the persistent calyx-lobes. Borders of manpcrove mud and in sea-shallows. Great Bahama, Great Sturrup Cav. Little Harbor Ci\y. Andros, New Providence. Ship Channel Cay. Great Guana Cay. Great Exuma, Eleuthera, Cat Island. Fortune Island. Grand Turk, and the Anguilla Isles : — Florida ; West Indies : tropic continental American coasts. White Maxgroa'e. Bastard Buttoxwood. Green Turtle Bocgh. 3. TERMINALIA L. :\raut. 1: 21, 128. 1767. Trees or shrubs, with broad alternate entire leaves, usually clusteed at the ends of the banehes, and small spicate flowers. Calyx-tube terete, rib- less, the lobes deciduous. Corolla none. Stamens 10 to 20, exserted, the fila- ments slender, the anthers cordate. Fruit a drupe. [Latin, referring to the clustered leaves at the ends of the branches.] About 100 species, mostly of the Old World tropics. Type species: Terminalia Catappa L. 302 MYETACEAE. 1. Terminalia Catappa ,L. Mant. 1: 128. 1767. Buceras Catappa Hitchc. Eep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4: 85. 1893. A tree, up to 24 m, high, with a trunk diameter of 1.5 m., usually much smaller, the spreading branches whorled, the twigs stout, glabrous. Leaves clustered at the ends of the twigs, obovate or broadlj oblanceolate, 1-3 dm. long, short-petioled, glabrous, rounded, or short-pointed at the apex, cuneate at the base, dark green and shining above, pale green beneath; spikes slender, many-flowered, 5-15 cm. long; calyx 8-10 mm. long^ pubescent, its ovate lobes about as long as the tube or longer; drupe ellipsoid, compressed, gla- brous, 2-edged, pointed, 4-7 cm. long; seed 3-4 cm. long. In coppices, spontaneous after cultivation ; planted and sometimes spontaneous near towns on all the larger islands : — spontaneous after cultivation in Florida, in many of the West Indian islands and most inhabited parts of continental tropical America. Native of the Old World tropics. Indian Almond. Almokd-teee. 4. CONOCARPUS L. Sp. PL 176. 1753. A shrub or tree of the seacoast, with alternate entire leathery leaves, the petioles 2-glandular, the small greenish perfect flowers in racemose or pan- icled heads. Calyx-tube flattened, not prolonged beyond the ovary; sepals 5, deciduous. Petals none. Stamens mostly 5, with slender elongated fila- ments and cordate anthers. Style pubescent. Ovules 2. Drupes scale-like, densely aggregated. Seeds flat; cotyledons convolute. [Greek, referring to the cone-like heads of fruit.] A monotypic American genus. 1. Conocarpus erecta L. Sp. PL 176. 1753. A glabrate or silky-pubescent shrub or tree, sometimes 20 m. tall, some- times less than 1 m. high, with angled or winged twigs. Leaves 2-5 cm. long, elliptic to oval, acute or acuminate at both ends, entire, short-petioled; racemes 3-5 cm. long, peduncled; heads 5-8 mm. in diameter at flowering time; hypanthium funnel-like, greenish, a little over 1 mm. long; sepals tri- angular-ovate, about as long as the limb of the hypanthium, pubescent; stamens and style conspicuously exserted; heads of fruit 9-14 mm. long; drupes scale-like, 2 -winged, 4-7 mm. long. Coastal mud, savannas and salina-borders, throughout the archipelago to Cay Sal : — Bermuda ; Florida ; West Indies and continental tropical America. A species of many races, several of which have received varietal distinction from herbarium specimens ; the distinctive characters are, however, not maintained in the field. BuTTONWOOD. Catesby, 2 : pi. 33. Family 4. MYRTACEAE R. Br. Myrtle Faimily. Trees or shrubs, with simple, usually opposite and entire, pellucid- punctate, estipulate leaves, the regular and perfect, often bracteolate flowers mostly panieled. Calyx-tube (hypanthium) adnata to the ovary, the limb usually 4-5-cleft. Petals usually 4 or 5, imbricated, rarely want- ing. Disc mostly annular and fleshy. Stamens usually numerous, some- times only as many as the petals; filaments filiform, distinct, or united at the base ; anthers small, 2-celled. Ovary inferior, 2-several-celled, or rarely 1-celled, style simple; stigma terminal, small; ovules usually 2-several in each cavity. Fruit drupaceous or baccate, often crowned by the calyx- limb, or in some genera capsular. Seeds various; endosperm usually wanting. About 60 genera, including over 1700 species, mostly tropical in distribution. MYETACEAE. 303 Calyx of several, persistent, valvate sepals ; petals present. Calyx of regularly separating sepals. Inflorescence centripetal, flowers in racemiform, umbelli- form, or contracted clusters. 1. Eugenia. Inflorescence centrifugal ; flowers in cymes. Embryo spiral. 2. Pimenta. Embryo annular. 3. Anamomis. Calyx of irregularly separating sepals. 4. Psidiuvi. Calyx lid-like, deciduous ; petals none. 5. Culyptranthcs. 1. EUGENIA L. Sp. PI. 470. 1753. Shrubs or trees, with usually glabrous foliage. Leaves opposite, com- monly leathery, pinnately-veined, the flowers axillary, solitary or in umbel- like, raceme-like or congested clusters. Calyx-lobes 4 or 5. Petals 4 or 5, white. Stamens numerous; filaments filiform, distinct and in several series, or aggregated into 4 groups and slightly united. Ovary sessile, 2-3-celled. Ovules several in each cavity. Berries crowned by the calyx-lobes. Seeds often 1-4. Embryo with thick cotyledons and a short radicle. [Named in honor of Prince Eugene of Savoy (1663-1736), a patron of botany and hor- ticulture.] About 600 species, of tropical distribution. Type species: Eugenia uniffora L. Pedicels short, shorter than the flowers or as long, at least shorter than the fruits. Leaves ovate to lanceolate ; fruit subglobose. 1. E. axillaris. Leaves obovate to oblanceolate ; fruit longer than broad. 2. E, buxifolia. Pedicels as long as or longer than the flowers, mostly longer than the fruits. Leaves long-acuminate, shining above. 3. E. confusa. Leaves bluntly acuminate, dull above. Pedicels 1—1.5 cm. long or less ; fruit less than 1 cm. in diameter. 4. E. rhomhca. Pedicels 2-5 cm. long ; fruit 2 cm. in diameter, edible. 5. E. uniflora. Flowers unknown ; leaves small, linear. 6. E. androsiuna. 1. Eugenia axillaris (Sw.) Willd. Sp. PI. 2: 970. 1800. Myrtus axillaris Sw. Prodr. 78. 1788. Eugenia axillaris microcarpa Krug. & Urban, Bot. Jahrb. 19: 641. 1895. A shrub or tree, reaching a height of 8 m., with a maximum trunk diame- ter of about 3 dm., the bark shallowly fissured, the branchlets terete. Leaves elliptic-ovate to ovate-lanceolate or nearly elliptic, unpleasantly odorous, 3-5 cm. long, revolute-margined, paler beneath than above and black-dotted, the petioles 2-5 mm. long, margined; racemes short, cluster-like, axillary; pedi- cels short, pubescent; calyx-lobes 4, rounded; corolla 3-4 mm. broad; petals 4, surpassing the calyx-lobes, glandular-punctate; fruit depressed-globose, 10-12 mm. in diameter, black, smooth, glandular-punctate, sweet. Coppices and scrub-lands, throughout the archipelago from Great Bahama to Caicos, Inagua and the Anguilla Isles : — Bermuda ; Florida : Cuba to Porto Kico and Guadeloupe; Jamaica. Referred by Dolley, by Mrs. Northrop, and by Hitchcock to E. monticola Griseb. White Stopper. AVattle. 2. Eugenia buxifolia (Sw.) Willd. Sp. PI. 2: 960. 1800. Myrtus buxifolia Sw. Prodr. 78. 1788. A small tree, becoming about 6 m. high, with a trunk up to 3 dm. in diameter, usually smaller, often shrubby, the bark reddish-brown, scaly, the slender twigs sparingly pubescent or glabrous. Leaves obovate, oblanceolate or nearly oblong, glabrous, 2-4 cm. long, rounded or obtuse at the apex, nar- rowed at the base, short-petioled, dark green above, pale green beneath; 304 MYETACEAE. racemes axillary or lateral, few-flowered; pedicels pubescent, very short; calyx 4-lobed, the lobes obtuse; petals oblong, 2-3 mm. long; fruits oval to sub- globose, black, 5-7 mm. in diameter. Scrub-lands and coppices, throughout the archipelago from Abaco and Great Bahama to Caicos Islands, Inagua and the Anguilla Isles : — ^Florida ; Cuba to St. Thomas and St. Croix ; Jamaica. Referred by Dolley to E. lateriflora Griseb. Span- ish /Stopper. Black Wattle. 3. Eugenia confusa DC. Prodr. 3: 279. 1828. Eugenia filiformis Macf. Fl. Jam. 2: 116. 1850. A tree, attaining a maximum height of about 18 m., with a trunk up to 5 dm. in diameter, usually much smaller, the bark scaly, the slender twigs glabrous. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, coriaceous, glabrous, 3-6 cm. long, long- acuminate at the apex, narrowed or obtuse at the base, dark green and shin- ing above, dull green beneath, pinnately many-veined, the slender petioles 5-10 mm. long; flowers umbellate or solitary in the axils, on filiform pedicels 2-3 times as long as the petioles; calyx-lobes broadly ovate, 1.5-2 mm. long; petals ovate, about twice as long as the calyx-lobes; fruit subglobose, orange to scarlet, 5-6 mm. in diameter. Coppices and scrub-lands, Great Bahama, Lignum Vitae Cay, Andros, New Providence, Great Guana Cay, Eleuthera, Watling's and Crooked Islands : — Florida ; Cuba; Porto Rico to Dominica; Jamaica. The record of E. pseudopsidium by Schoepf may apply to this species. Ironwood. 4. Eugenia rhombea (Berg) Krug & Urban, Bot. Jahrb. 19: 644. 1895. Eugenia foetida rliomdea Berg, Linnaea 27: 212. 1856. A small tree, sometimes 8 m. high with a trunk up to 3 dm. in diameter, the twigs slender, the smooth bark gray, the foliage glabrous. Leaves ovate to elliptic or rhombic-ovate, rather thin, inconspicuously veined, 3-6 em. long, bluntly acuminate or acute at the apex, obtuse or narrowed at the base, short- petioled; flowers in sessile axillary umbel-like clusters, often appearing on twigs from which the leaves have fallen, the slender glabrous pedicels 8-15 mm. long; calyx-tube shorter than the 4 rounded lobes; petals ovate, about 5 mm. long, about twice as long as the calyx-lobes; fruit depressed-globose, orange, red or nearly black, 0.8-1.5 cm. in diameter. Scrub-lands. Cave Cay. Long Island, Great Ragged Island, Acklin's, Inagua and the Anguilla Isles : — Florida ; Cuba to Guadeloupe ; Jamaica. Red Stopper. 5. Eugenia uniflora L. Sp. PI. 470. 1753. A shrub or small tree up to 5 m. high, with slender branches. Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, dark green and shining above, paler beneath, bluntly acute or acuminate at the apex, rounded at the base, dotted, thin in texture, 2.5-6 cm. long; pedicels solitary or few together, very slender, glabrous, about 2.5 cm. long, bracted at the base and 2-bracteolate near the summit; calyx-lobes linear-oblong, obtusish; petals about twice as long as the calyx- lobes; fruit subglobose, longitudinally furrowed, 8-10 mm. in diameter, bright red, spicy, edible. Apparently only spontaneous after cultivation, though recorded as indigenous bv Dolley, and admitted into the Bahamas by Grisebach. New Providence : — Ber- muda : Cuba to Trinidad and South America : Jamaica ; Cayman Islands ; introduced into the Old World tropics. Native of South America. Surinam Cherry. 6. Eugenia androsiana Urban, Kepert. 13: 467. 1915. A glabrous shrub, about 1 m. high, ditfusely branched, the twigs very slender. Leaves linear or linear-oblong, 1-2 cm. long, 1.5-3 mm. wide, acute MYETACEAE. 305 or obtuse at the apex, narrowed at the base, finely punctate, the margins slightly revolute, the petioles 0.5-0.8 mm. long. Near Lisbon Creek, Mangrove Cay, Andros. Endemic. When flowers of this shrub are obtained, they may show it to belong to one of the other genera of Myrtaceae. Eugenia ligustrina Willd., West Indian, recorded as Bahamian by Grise- bach and by Dolley, was not found during our exploration of the archipelago; the specimen cited by Grisebach as collected in the Bahamas by Swainson was not found in the Kew Herbarium when search w^as made for it there in 1911. We regard the records as probably erroneous. 2. PIMENTA Lindl. Coll. under yl. 19. 1821. A tree, with nearly smooth bark, oblong or elliptic, petioled aromatic pinnately veined leaves, and small white 4-parted flowers, borne in compound cymes in the upper axils. Calyx-tube campanulate, its lobes spreading, per- sistent. Petals spreading. Stamens numerous, in several series. Stigma pel- tate; ovary 2-celled; ovules mostly solitary in each cavity. Fruit berry-like, aromatic. Seeds few, subglobose; embryo spiral. [Greek, rich in oil.] A monotypic genus of the West Indies and Central America. 1. Pimenta Pimenta (L.) Cockerell, Bull. Torr. Club 19: 95. 1892. Myrius Pimenta L. Sp. PI. 472. 1753. Pimenta officinalis Lindl. Coll. under pi. 19. 1821. Pimenta vulgaris Lindl. in Loudon Encycl. 418. 1829. Becoming 13 m. high or more, glabrous, except the puberulent inflores- cence. Leaves coriaceous, 7-15 cm. long, mostly obtuse at the apex, narrowed at the base, with petioles about 1 cm. long, the veins rather prominent be- neath; cymes stalked, many-flowered; flowers about 6 mm. broad; calyx-lobes blunt; ovary puberulent; berries subglobose, about 6 mm. in diameter, usually 2-seeded. Thickets and coppices, spontaneous after cultivation, New Providence, at Grant's Town and near Lake Cunningham. Native of Jamaica and Cuba ; spon- taneous after cultivation in Bermuda and in Central America. Erroneously called CiNXAMOx. Allspice. 3. ANAMOMIS Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I. 240. 1860. Evergreen aromatic trees or shrubs, with opposite coriaceous leaves and axillary peduncled flowers^ in cymes or solitary, when in cymes the central flower sessile or stalked. Calyx-lobes 4 or 5. Petals 4 or 5. Stamens many, with filiform filaments and short anthers. Ovary 2-celled or 4-celled, about as long as the calyx-tube; ovules several in each cavity; style slender or fili- form. Berry oval or subglobose, 1-several-seeded, crowned by the calyx-lobes. [Greek, like Amomis.'] About 8 species, natives of the West Indies and Flor- ida. Type species: Anamomis fragrans (Sw.) Griseb. Leaves shining above, not revolute-margined ; flowers mostly solitary ; calyx glabrous. Petals orbicular : leaves mostly 2 cm. wide or less, acute, acutish or rounded at the base. 3. A.longipes. Petals oblong-orbicular ; leaves mostly over 2 cm. wide, obtuse and rounded or subcordate at the base. 2. A. bahamcnsis. Leaves dull above, revolute-margined (at least when old) ; flow- ers several (rarely solitary) ; calyx pubescent. 3. A. lucayana. 306 MYETACEAE. 1. Anamomis longipes (Berg) Britton; Small, Fl. Miami 132. 1913. Eugenia longipes Berg, Linnaea 27: 150, 1856. A glabrous shrub or small tree up to 4 m. Mgh, the branches slender, erect-ascending, or diffuse. Leaves flat, ovate, oval or oblong-lanceolate, 1-3.5 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, shining above, acute or obtuse at the apex, acute or rounded at the base, reticulate-veined, the petioles 1-2 em. long; peduncles usually 1-flowered, as long as the leaves or longer, when several-flowered the terminal flower of the cyme long-stalked; calyx-lobes about 2 mm. long; petals orbicular, white or pink, 5-6 mm. long; berry 6-10 mm. in diameter, red, several-seeded. Coppices, pine-lands, palmetto-lands and scrub-lands, Abaco, Great Bahama, Andres, New Providence : — Florida. Long-stalked Stopper. 2. Anamomis iDahamensis (Kiearsk.) Britton; Small, Fl. Florida Keys 104. 1913. Eugenia laliamensis Kiearsk. Bot. Tidsk. 17: 226. 1890. A glabrous shrub, usually straggling or diffusely branched and 1 m. high or less, rarely a small tree. Leaves elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 3-6 cm. long, shining above, dull beneath, rounded or obtuse at the apex, subcordate or rounded at the base, the petioles 2-8 mm. long; leaves of shoots sometimes linear-oblong, 2-3 cm. long, 4-8 mm. wide; peduncles slender, compressed, as long as the leaves or somewhat longer; cymes 3-flowered or flowers solitary; calyx-lobes rounded, about 3 mm. long; petals oblong-orbicular, 5-7 mm. long; berries 8-10 mm. in diameter. Coastal rocky plains, scrub-lands, coppices and white-lands, throughout the archipelago from Abaco, the Berry Islands and Andres to South Caicos, Dellis Cay and Inagua. Recorded from Big Pine Key, Florida, apparently erroneously. En- demic. Individual specimens are separable only with diflSculty from the preceding species, but typical specimens are widely different. Bahama Stopper. Wild Gdava. 3. Anamomis lucayana Britton, sp. nov. A shrub or a small tree up to 6.5 meters high, the bark grayish-white, the young twigs appressed-pubescent to glabrate. Leaves oblong to elliptic, pale green, but darker above than beneath, dull, revolute-margined, obtuse or emarginate at the apex, narrowed at the base, 3-5 cm. long, 1-2.5 cm. wide, the midvein impressed above, prominent beneath, the lateral veins few and obscure, the stout petioles 2-4 mm. long; peduncles slender, as long as the leaves or longer, sparingly pubescent or glabrous; cymes 3-7-flowered, the lateral pedicels slender, 1 cm. long or less, each central flower sessile; hy- panthium obconic, glabrate or pubescent, 1.5-2 mm. high; sepals suborbicu- lar, pubescent and ciliate, or nearly glabrous, 2-2.5 mm. wide ; petals broadly obovate, 4-5 mm. long; stamens about as long as the petals, the style a little longer; fruit red, subglobose, 7-9 mm., in diameter. Scrub-lands and coppices, Andres, New Providence, Eleuthera, Cat Island, Great Guana, Great Exuma, Long Island. Crooked Island. Acklin's, North Caicos and the Inaguas : — Cuban Cays. Type, I\ash d- Taylor, lJi26, Inagua. Referred by Ceker as Eugenia punctata Vahl, and by Mrs. Northrop as Myrtus punctata Griseb. The Bahamian record of Eurienia fragrans by Urban (Symb. Ant. 4: 452), probably refers to this species. Pale Stopper. Naked-wood. 4. PSIDIUM L. Sp. PI. 470. 1753. Trees or shrubs with pinnately veined leaves and large, axillary or lat- eral, solitary or clustered flowers. Calyx-tube somew^hat prolonged beyond the ovary, its 4 or 5 lobes often united in the bud, irregularly parting at MYKTACEAE. 307 anthesis. Petals 4 or 5, spreading. Stamens numerous, with filiform fila- ments in severa,l series. Ovarj 4-5-cellGd; ovules several or many in each cavity. Berries crowned by the calyx-lobes. Seeds several or many. Embryo curved, with small cotyledons and a long radicle. [Greek, referring to the edible fruit.] A large genus, of which about 100 species have been described, the following typical. 1. Psidium Guajava L. Sp. PI. 470. 1753. Psidium Guava Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I. 241. 1860. A shrub, or a small tree, sometimes 5 m. tall, with pubescent 4-angled branchlets. Leaves firm-leathery, oblong or nearly so, 4-8 cm. long, mostly obtuse, pubescent beneath, with prominent rib-like nerves, short-petioled ; calyx-lobes 1-1.5 cm. long, united in the bud; petals 1.5-2 cm. long; berries globular or pyriform, 3-6 cm. in diameter. Scrub-lands, roadsides and waste places, spontaneous after cultivation ; planted and spontaneous near towns on all the larger islands : — spontaneous after cultiva- tion in Florida and in Bermuda ; West Indies ; continental tropical America. Guava. 5. CAIiYPTRANTHES Sw. Prodr. 79. 1788. [Chytraculia P. Br. Hist. Jam. 239. Hyponym. 1756.] Evergreen shrubs or trees^ with opposite coriaceous or subcoriaceous leaves, and small panicled cymose or rarely solitary flowers. Calyx closed at anthesis, circumscissile, the top falling away like a cap or calyptra. Petals none. Stamens numerous, in several series; filaments filiform; anthers longi- tudinally dishiscent. Ovary 2-3-eelled; ovules 2 in each cavity. Fruit a 1-few-seeded berry, crowned by the basal part of the calyx. [Greek, referring to the cap-like lid of the calyx.] About 75 species, of tropical and subtropical America. Type species: Calyptranthes Chytraculia (L.) Sw. Inflorescence glabrous ; leaves short-petioled. 1, C. Zuzi/pium. Inflorescence tomentulose ; leaves distinctly petioled, 2. C. pall'ens. 1. Calyptranthes Zuzygium (L.) Sw. Prodr. 79. 1788. Myrtus Zuzygium L. Syst. ed. 10, 1056. 1759. Chytraculia Susygium Kuntze, Eev. Gen. PI. 1: 238. 1891. A tree, up to about 12 m. high, glabrous throughout, the twigs terete, slender. Leaves elliptic, or elliptic-obovate, 4-7 cm. long, abruptly blunt- tipped or obtuse at the apex, narrowed at the base, delicately veined, somewhat shining above, dull beneath, the petioles 3 mm. long or less; panicles mostly somewhat longer than the leaves ; flowers several or many ; pedicels 4-7 mm. long; calyx ovoid, about 4 mm. long, its lid mammillate; berries subglobose, 8-10 mm, in diameter. Coppices, New Providence at Waterloo ; Andros, near Lisbon Creek : — Florida ; Cuba ; Hispaniola ; Jamaica. Myrtle-of-tiie-Riveu. 2. Calyptranthes pallens (Poir.) Griseb. Kar. 67. 1857. Eugenia 'pallens Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 3: 122. 1813. A tree, attaining a maximum height of about 10 m., with a trunk some- times 1.5 dm. in diameter, usually smaller and sometimes shrubby, the bark thin and light gray, the young twigs pubescent, soon becoming glabrous. Leaves elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 3-8 cm. long, acuminate at the apex, nar- 308 RHIZOPHORACEAE. rowed at the base, shining above, the petioles 5-12 mm. long; panicles as long as the leaves or longer, pubescent, many-flowered^ the flowers sessile or nearly so, about 3 mm. broad; fruit subglobose or oval, 5-7 mm. in diameter. Coppices and scrub-lands, Andros, Great Exuma, Eleuthera, Cat Island, Wat- ling's, Acklin's, Crooked Island and Mariguana :— Florida ; Cuba to St. Croix and Guadeloupe; Jamaica; Cayman Islands. Spice-wood. White Stopper. Family 5. RHIZOPHORACEAE Lindl. Mangrove Family. Shrubs or trees, with terete branches and usually glabrous foliage. Leaves usually opposite, leathery, with stipules. Flowers perfect, solitary in the axils or in spikes, racemes, cymes or panicles. Calyx with 3 or 4 valvate sepals. Petals as many as the sepals, 2-cleft or lacerate. Stamens twice or four times as many as the petals, or rarely of the same number, inserted at the base of a disk; filaments short or elongated; anthers 2- eelled, opening lengthwise. Ovary inferior, or partly inferior, usually 3-5-celled or rarely 1-celled; styles united; 'stiginas sometimes lobed. Ovules 2 or rarely 4 or more in each cavity, pendulous. Fruit leathery, crowned with the calyx, indehiscent or tardily septicidal. The family con- sists of about 15 genera, containing some 50 species, natives of tropical and subtropical regions. 1. RHIZOPHORA L. Sp. PI. 443. 1753. Evergreen trees, with an astringent bark, and stout pithy twigs. Leaves opposite, entire; stipules elongated, interpetiolar, caducous. Flowers cream- colored or yellow, 2 or several on forking peduncles. Calyx-tube short, adnate to the base of the ovary, the 4 lobes leathery. Petals 4, emarginate, leathery. Stamens 4-12^ alternate with the petals; filaments short. Ovary 2-celled, half- inferior, produced into a fleshy cone. Stigma 2-lobed. Ovules 2 in each cavity. Fruit pendulous, 1-celled, leathery. Seed solitary, germinating in the persistent fruit, the elongating radicle sometimes reaching the ground before the fruit falls. Endosperm wanting. [Greek, root-bearing.] Three known species, the following typical, the others natives of the Old World tropics. 1. Rhizophora Mangle L. Sp. PI. 443. 1753. A shrub or tree, reaching a height of 10 m. or more, forming impenetrable thickets by the greatly elongating radicles of the embryo and the numerous roots. Leaves 5-15 em. long, leathery, elliptic or elliptic-obovate, obtuse, with a stout midrib; petioles 0.5-1.5 cm. in length; peduncles 1-4 cm. long, 2-3- flowered; pedicels stout, 5-10 mm. long; bractlets scale-like; calyx-tube fleshy, turbinate or campanulate the lobes 3-5 mm. long; sepals lanceolate, about 1 cm. long, involute, keeled within, very firm, recurved at maturity; petals pale yellow, linear or nearly so, cleft at the tip, involute above the middle, cobwebby along the edges ; anthers clustered around the style ; fruit 2-3 cm. long, curved, the radicle protruding as a narrowly clavate pendent body. Maritime shores and salinas, throughout the archipelago : — Bermuda ; Florida ; West Indies ; Mexico to Brazil ; west coast of Africa ; Pacific islands. Mangrove. Catesby, 2 : pi. 63. I ONAGEACEAE. 309 Family 6. ONAGRACEAE Dumort. Evening-Primrose Family. Herbs, or rarely shrubs, with alternate or opposite leaves, no stipules or mere g-lands in their places, and g-enerallj^ perfect flowers. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, the limb 2-6-lobed (usually 4-lobed). Petals 2-9 (usually 4), convolute in the bud, rarely none. Stamens usually as many or twice as many as the petals. Ovary 1-6-celled (usually 4-eelled) ; styles united; stigma capitate, discoid or 4-lobed; ovules generally anatropous. Fruit a capsule or small nut. Endosperm very little or none. Forty genera and about 350 species of wide geographic distribution, most abund- ant in America. Stamens 4. Leaves opposite. 1. Jsnardia. Leaves alternate. 2. Ludicigia. Stamens 8-12 in 2 series. 3. Jussiaea. 1. ISNARDIA L. Sp. PI. 120. 1753. Succulent herbs. Stems creeping or floating; leaves opposite, relatively few, petioled. Flowers axillary, sessile, not yellow. Calyx-segments 4, shorter than the tube or slightly longer. Filaments very short. Ovary very short ; styles often almost wanting. Capsule obovoid or turbinate, straight. [In honor of Antoine Dante Isnard, a French botanist, and a member of the Academy of Sciences, died 1724.] About 4 species in North America, Mexico and the West Indies. Type species: Isnardia paliistris L. 1. Isnardia repens (Sw.) DC. Prodr. 3: 60. 1828. Ludwigia repens Sw. Prodr. 33. 1788. Ludwigia natans Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 581. 1821. Isnardia natans Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 825. 1903. Stems 6 dm. long or less, branched or simple. Leaves elliptic, oval, or obovate, 2-6 cm. long, acute or blunt at the apex, narrowed at the base into rather slender petioles ; flowers solitary, sessile or short-peduneled ; bractlets linear, acute, shorter than the fruiting calyx; calyx-lobes 4 or 5, sharply tri- angular, acute, longer than the petals; capsule 6-8 mm. long, bluntly tetragonal, narrowed at the base^ 3 times as long as the calyx-lobes. Sink-holes and fresh-water swamps, Great Bahama and New Providence : — North Carolina to Florida, Mexico and California ; Bermuda ; Cuba ; Hispaniola ; Jamaica. Larger Marsh Purslane. 2. LUDWIGIA L. Sp. PI. 118. 1753. Perennial or annual herbs, with alternate usually entire leaves, and axil- lary or terminal flowers. Stems erect or ascending, sometimes angled, or winged. Calyx-lobes generally persistent. Petals usually 4. Stamens usually 4. Ovary 4-5-celled. Capsule terete, ribbed or winged, septicidally dehiscent, or opening by an apical pore. [Named in honor of C. G. Ludwig, 1709-1773, Professor of Botany at Leipsic] About 25 species, natives of warm and tem- perate regions, most abundant in North America. Type species: Ludicigia alternifolia L. 310 HALORAGIDACEAE. 1. Ludwigia microcarpa Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 88. 1803. Perennial; glabrous; stems erect or diffuse, simple or branched, 1-4 dm. long. Leaves obovate or spatulate, entire, pinnately few-veined, 0,5-3 cm. long, obtuse or apiculate at the apex, narrowed into short petioles; flowers solitary and sessile in the axils; calyx-lobes triangular-ovate, about 1 mm. long; petals none; capsule obpyramldal, about 2 mm. long. Fresh-water marshes, Great Bahama : — North Carolina to Florida and Missis- sippi ; Cuba ; Jamaica. Small-feuited Ludwigia. 3. JUSSIAEA L. Sp. PI. 388. 1753. Perennial herbs, some species woody, with alternate, mostly entire leaves and solitary axillary flowers, the petals usually yellow. Calyx-tube cylindric or prismatic, not prolonged beyond the ovary, the limb 4-6-parted, its lobes persistent. Petals 4-6, mostly longer than the calyx-lobes. Stamens 8-12, in 2 series. Ovary 4-6-celled. Capsule narrowly cylindric, prismatic or elavate, ribbed, the pericarp deteriorating. Seeds numerous and minute. [In honor of Bernard de Jussieu, 1699-1777, eminent French botanist and phy- sician.] About 50 species, of tropical distribution, mostly American. Type species: Jussiaea repens L. 1. Jussiaea sulfniticosa L. Sp. PI. 388. 1753. Jussiaea angustifolia Lam. Encycl. 3: 331. 1789. Jussieua palustris Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq. 173. 1818. Erect, 6-10 dm. high, somewhat branched, more or less pubescent, at least above. Leaves linear to oblong-lanceolate, entire, short-petioled, 2.5-10 cm. long, acute at the apex, narrowed at the base; peduncles mostly not longer than the petioles; calyx-lobes 4, rarely 5, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 6-12 mm. long; petals obovate, bright yellow, 2-3 times as long as the calyx-lobes; capsule 3-6 cm. long, subcylindric, tapering to the base. Fresh-water marshes and sink-holes, Great Bahama, New Providence, Eleuthera, Cat Island, Great Exuma, Acklin's Island and Crooked Island : — North Carolina to Florida and Texas ; West Indies and continental tropical America ; Old World trop- ics. Bushy Jussiaea. Family 7. HALORAGIDACEAE Kl. & Garcke. Water-milfoil Family. Perennial or rarely annual herbs, mainly aqnatic, with alternate or verticillate leaves, the submerged ones often pectinate-pinnatifid. Flowers perfect, or monoecious, or dioecious, axillary, in interrupted spikes, solitary or clustered. Calyx-tube adnata to the ovary, its limb entire or 2-4-lobed. Petals small, 2-4, or none. Stamens 1-8. Ovary ovoid-oblong, or short- cylindric, 2-8-ribbed or winged, 1-4-eelled ; styles 1^ ; stigmas papillose or plumose. Fruit a nutlet, or drupe, compressed, ang-ular, ribbed or winged; indehiscent, of 2-4 one-seeded carjDels. Endosperm fleshy; cotyledons minute. Eight genera and about 100 species, of wide distribution. 1. PROSERPINACA L. Sp. PI. 88. 1753. Aquatic herbs. Leaves alternate^ lanceolate, dentate or pectinate-pin- natifid. Flowers perfect, axillary. Tube of the calyx adnate to the triquetrous ovary, the limb 3-4-parted. Petals none. Stamens 3 or 4. Styles 3 or 4, AMMIACEAE. 311 cylindric or conic-subulate, stigmatic above the middle. Fruit bony, 3-4-celled, Avith 1 seed in each cavity. [Middle Latin, forward-creeping.] Four known species of North and Central America and the West Indies. Type species: Proserpinaca palustris L. 1. Proserpinaca platycarpa Small, Bull. X. Y. Bot. Gard. 3: 432. 1905. Perennial, glabrous, 1-3.5 dm. long, densely leafy. Leaves oblong or elliptic, 1.5-5.5 cm. long, sharply serrate; flowers solitary and sessile in the axils; calyx wing-angled, its deltoid teeth about 1 mm. long; fruit 4-5 mm. wide, constricted above the middle, its 3 angles dilated. Fresh-water swamps and sink-holes, Great Bahama, New Providence, Eleuthera and Cat Island. — .Florida. Recorded by Schoepf as P. palustris L. Southern Mermaid-weed. Order 22. AMMIALES. Herbs, shrubs or trees, almost always with petaliferous flowers. Calyx- segments and i^etals usually 5. Stamens 4 or 5. Ovaiy inferior, adnate to the calyx, compound; ovules 1 in each cavity. Family 1. AlVEMIACEAE Presl. Carrot Family. Herbs, with alternate compound or sometimes simple leaves, the petioles often dilated at the base. Stipules none, or rarely present and minute. Flowers small, generally in compound or simple umbels, rarely in heads or capitate clusters, often polyo;amous. Umbels and umbellets commonly involucrate or involueellate. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, its margin truncate or 5-toothed, the teeth seldom conspicuous. Petals 5, inserted on the margin of the calyx, usually with an inflexed tip^ often emarginate or 2-lobed, those of the outer flowers sometimes larger than those of the inner. Stamens 5, inserted on the epigynous disk; filaments filiform; anthers versatile. Ovary inferior, 2-celled ; styles 2, filiform, persistent, often borne on a conic or depressed stylopodium; ovules 1 in each cavity, pendulous, anatropous. Fruit dry, composed of 2 carpels (mericarps), which gen- erally separate from each other at maturity along the plane of their con- tiguous faces (the commissure). Fruit either flattened laterally (at right angles to the commissure), or dorsally (parallel to the commissure), or nearly terete (not flattened). Carpels after parting from each other sup- ported on the summit of a slender axis (the carpophore), each with 5 primary ribs in their pericarps (rarely ribless), and in some genera with 4 additional secondary ones, the ribs or some of them often winged. Pericarp membranous or corky-thickened, usually containing oil-tubes between the ribs, or under the ribs and on the commissural sides, sometimes irregularly scattered, sometimes none. Seeds 1 in each carpel, usually adnate to the pericarp; seed-coat thin; endosperm cartilaginous; embryo small, placed near the hilum; cotyledons ovate, oblong or linear. About 170 genera and 1600 species, of wide distribution. The mature fruit is necessary for the certain determination of most of the genera and many of the species. 312 AMMIACEAE. Leaf-blades orbicular or ovate, merely toothed ; flowers white. Involucre none. 1. Hydrocotyle. Involucre conspicuous. 2. Centella. Leaf-blades pinnatifid into filiform segments. Fruit margined, flat ; flowers yellow. 3. Anethum. Fruit not margined. Flowers yellow. 4. Foenicidum. Flowers white. 5. Helosciadium. 1. HYDROCOTYLE L. Sp. PL 234. 1753. Perennial herbs, prostrate and commonly rooting at the joints, with palmately lobed or veined, often peltate leaves, the bases of the petioles with 2 scale-like stipules, and small white flowers in umbels opposite the leaves. Bracts of the involucre few, or none. Calyx-teeth minute. Petals entire. Disk flat. Fruit laterally compressed, orbicular or broader than high. Carpels with 5 primary ribs, the lateral ones usually curved; no large oil-tubes but an oil-bearing layer of tissue beneath the epidermis. [Greek, water-cup.] About 75 species of wide distribution. Type species: Hydrocotyle vulgaris L. Plant glabrous. 1. H. verticillata. Leaves and inflorescence villous-pubescent. 2. H. hirsuta. 1. Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb. Diss. Hydrocot. 5. 1798. Glabrous; leaves orbicular, peltate; inflorescence proliferous, 2-5 cm. long; verticils 2-6-flowered; pedicels usually less than 1 mm. long; fruit about 2 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, rounded or truncate at each end; intermediate ribs not corky-thickened, the dorsal one acute. Wet palmetto-lands, Great Bahama at Barnett's Point ; Andros at Couch Sound : — Bermuda ; .Jamaica ; Cuba ; Hispaniola ; Porto Rico ; Guadeloupe ; southern Africa ; Massachusetts to Florida and Arizona. Recorded by Mrs. Northrop as H. pygmaea Wright. Determination of the Bahama plant is from leaf-specimens only. Whorled Maksh Pennywort. 2. Hydrocotyle hirsuta Sw. Prodr. 54. 1788. Hydrocotyle spicata Lam. Encycl. 3: 153. 1789. Stems creeping, rooting at the nodes, very slender, glabrous or nearly so, 0.5-3 dm. long. Petioles villous, 1-8 cm. long; leaf-blades suborbicular or reniform, 1-3 cm. broad, crenate, rather deeply cordate, villous on both sides, densely so beneath; spikes peduncled, interrupted, usually longer than the leaves, sometimes 8 cm. long, the peduncles and rachis villous; fruits sessile, glabrous, emarginate at top and bottom, about 1.5 mm. broad. Grassy places. New Providence near Nassau : — Cuba ; Hispaniola ; Porto Rico ; Curagao. Hairy Marsh Pennywort. Hydrocotyle umhellata L. recorded for the Bahamas by Dolley has not been found by us anywhere in the islands ; Mr. Brace thinks that the reference really applied to Centella asiatica. 2. CENTELLA L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1393. 1763. Perennial herbs (some African species shrubby), ours with prostrate s?ems rooting and sending up tufts of petioled leaves at the nodes, together with 1-3 long-rayed umbellets of small white flowers, the true umbel sessile. Petiole- bases sheathing. Bracts of the involucels 2-4, mostly prominent. Calyx-teeth none. Disk flat, or slightly concave. Styles filiform. Fruit somewhat flat- tened laterally, rather prominently ribbed, the ribs mostly anastomosing; oil- tubes none. [Latin, diminutive of centrum, a prickle.] About 20 species, of AMMIACEAE. 313 wide disitribution, abundant in South Africa. Type species: Centella viUosa L. 1. Centella asiatica (L.) Urban in Mart. Fl. Bras, ir: 287. 1879. Eydrocotyle asiatica L. Sp. PI. 234. 1753. Hydrocotyle repanda Pers. Syn. 1: 302. 1805. Centella repanda Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 859. 1903. Stem 2-15 cm. long. Petioles 0.5-3 dm. long, sometimes pubescent; blades ovate, rather thick, rounded at the apex, broadly cordate at the base, not peltate, 2-4 cm. long, repand-dentate; pedicels much shorter than the leaves, 1-5 cm. long; umbellets capitate, 2-4-flowered, subtended by 2 ovate bracts; flowers nearly sessile; fruit 4-5 mm. broad, about 3 mm. high, prominently ribbed and reticulated. Moist ground, Abaco, Great Bahama, Andres, New Providence, Great Exuma, Eleutliera, Fortune Island and North Caicos : — Bermuda : Maryland to Florida and Texas ; Jamaica ; Cuba ; Hispaniola ; Gviadeloupe ; Martinique ; continental tropical America ; Old World tropics. Recorded by DoUey presumably as Hydrocotyle um- hellata L. Ovate-leuWed Marsh Pennywort. 3. ANETHUM [Tourn.] L. Sp. PI. 263. 1753. Erect, mostly annual, glabrous herbs, with decompound leaves and small yellow flowers in many-rayed compound umbels. Involucre and involucels none, or of very few bracts. Calyx teeth obsolete. Petals suborbicular. Stylopodium small, conic. Fruit elliptic or ovate, flat, margined; carpel-ribs slender; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals. [Greek, like anise.] A few European and Asiatic species, the following typical. 1. Anethum graveolens L. Sp. PI. 263. 1753. Stem terete, simple or branched, slender, 3-9 dm. high. Leaves tripin- nately dissected into nearly filiform segments, the petiole somewhat sheathing; umbel 12 cm. wide or less; involucre and involucels none; rays slender, 4-7 cm. long; umbellets several-many-flowered; petals bright yellow; fruit ovate- elliptic, about 6 mm. long, distinctly margined. Waste and cultivated grounds, escaped from cultivation, Andros, Harbor Island, Eleuthera, Long Island and Dellis' Cay : — escaped in Guadeloupe, Martinique and other West Indian Islands and in Florida. Native of Europe. Dillweed. 4. FOENfcULUM Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 101. 1763. Erect glabrous herbs, with pinnately decompound leaves, the segments linear or capillary, and compound umbels of yellow flowers. Involucre and involucels none. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Stylopodium large, conic. Fruit linear- oblong, glabrous, terete, or nearly so. Carpels half-terete, dorsally flattened, prominently ribbed; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals. Seed-face flat, or slightly concave. [Latin, diminutive of foenum, hay, from its odor.] About 4 species, of the Old World. Type species: Anethum Foenicidum L. 1. Foeniculum Foeniculum (L.) Karst. Deutsch. Fl. 837. 1882. Anethum Foeniculum L. Sp. PI. 263. 1753. Foeniculum vulgare Gaertn. Fr. «& Sem. 1: 105. 1788. Perennial, 6-12 dm. high. Leaves dissected into capillary segments; petioles broad, clasping; umbels large, 9-25-rayed, the rays rather stout, somewhat glaucous, 2-8 cm. long in fruit; pedicels 2-8 mm. long; fruit about 6 mm. long. 21 314 AMMIACEAE. Waste places, New Providence at Granfs Town : — Bermuda ; New Jersey and Pennsylvania to Florida, Texas and California ; locally in the West Indies and in continental tropical America. Native of the Old World. Fennel. 5. HELOSCIADIUM Koch, Xov. Act. Nat. Cur. 12^ : 125. 1824. Low herbs, with decompound or dissected leaves, and compound umbels of small white flowers mostly opposite the leaves. Involucre and involucels want- ing in the following species. Calyx-teeth very small or obsolete. Petals entire. Stylopodium depressed. Style short. Fruit ovate or oblong, laterally com- pressed. Carpels with 5 filiform ribs, the oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissural side. [Greek, marsh-parasol, some of the species inhabiting marshes.] Six species or more, natives of the Old World. Type species: Helosciadium nodiflorum (L.) Koch. 1. Helosciadium Ammi (L.) Britton, Fl. Bermuda 279. 1918. Sison Ammi L. Sp. PI. 252. 1753. Apium Ammi Urban in Mart. Fl. Bras. 11^: 341. 1879. Slender, glabrous, much-branched, 0.7-6 dm. high. Leaves ternately pin- natisected, the ultimate segments narrow, often incised; umbels 1-4 cm. broad, opposite the leaves, sessile, the umbellets filiform-stalked; fruit ovate, glabrous, about 2 mm. long, the ribs equal and prominent. Waste grounds. New Providence, at Grant's Town : — Bermuda ; southern Fnited States ; Cuba ; Hispaniola : Guadeloupe ; Martinique ;• Barbadoes ; Jamaica ; Mexico to Paraguay ; Australia. Fine-leaved Marsh Parsley. Series 2. Gamopetalae. Petals partly or wholly united, rarely separate or wanting. The coherence of the petals is sometimes slight or they are quite separate, as in some Primulaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Oleaceae and Cucurbitaceae. From this condition the coherence varies through all stages to the tubular or funnelform corollas of some Convolvulaiceae, Caprifoliaceae and Carduaceae. t Ovary superior. Stamens borne on the corolla, as many as its lobes and opposite them, or twice as many, or more. Herbs, shrubs or trees ; ovary 1-celled. Shrubs or trees : ovary several-celled. Stamens borne on the corolla, as many as its lobes or fewer, and alternate with them (in Forestiera of the Oleaceae there is no corolla). Corolla not scarious, nerved. Ovaries 2, distinct (except in some Loganiaceae, and in Gentianaceae in which the ovary is compound with 2 cavities or rarely more, or with 1 cavity and 2 placentae) ; flowers regu- lar ; stamens mostly adnate to only the lower part of the corolla ; leaves mostly opposite. Ovary 1, compound (2-divided in Dichondra; in Boraginaceae and Lamiaceae mostly deeply 4-lobed arotmd the style) : flowers regulijr or irregular ; stamens mostly adnate to the middle of the corolla-tube or beyond ; leaves opposite or alternate. Corolla scarious, nerveless. $t Ovary inferior. Anthers distinct. Anthers united (except in Ambrosiaceae). Order 1. Primulales. Order 2. Ebexales. Order 3. Gextianales. Order 4. Order 5. Polemoniales. Plantaginales. Order 6. Rubiales. Order 7. Campaxulales. MYRSIXACEAE. 315 Order 1. PRIMULALES. Herbs, shrubs or trees. Corolla usually present, gamopetalous. Calyx mostly free from the ovary. Stamens borne on the corolla, as many as its lobes, or twice as many, or more. Style 1. Shrubs or trees, tbe fruit drupaceous or baccate. Staminodes none ; fruit 1-sceded. Fam. 1. Myrsixaceae. Corolla bearing staminodes at the sinuses ; fruit several-many-seeded. Fam. 2. Tiieopiirastaceae. Herbs ; fruit capsular. Fam. 3. Primulaceae. Styles 5 ; herbs ; fruit an achene or utricle. Fam. 4. Plumbaginaceae. Family 1. MYRSINACEAE Lincll. Myrsine Family. Trees or shrubs, usually glabrous, the leaves mostly alternate, punctate in lines, estipulate, the small regular flowers variously clustered. Calyx inferior, persistent, 4-6-parted. Corolla mostly rotate or salverform, rarely tubular or of separate petals. Stamens as many as the corolla-segments and opposite them; filaments usually short, distinct or sometimes united; anthers longitudinally dehiscent; staminodes none. Ovary superior, 1- celled; style short or long; stigma various; ovules few, usually immersed in the central placenta. Fruit small, baccate, 1-seeded, sometimes nearly dry. Seed subgiobose, the testa thin, the endosperm fleshy or horny. About 20 genera and over 450 S]3ecies, mostly tropical in distribution. Inflorescence paniculate. 1. Icacorea. Inflorescence short, umbellate, lateral. 2. Rapanea. 1. ICACOREA Aubl. PI. Guian. 2: Suppl. 1. 1775. Shrubs or trees, with alternate, mostly entire leaves and perfect or polygamo-dioecious white or pink flowers in cymes or panicles. Calyx cam- panulate, 4-5-parted. Corolla nearly rotate, usually 5-parted, the segments spreading or reflexed. Stamens usually 5; filaments short or slender, borne at the top of the short corolla-tube; anthers acute or acuminate. Ovary globo&-e; stigma discoid or truncate; ovules several or few. Berry little fleshy. [Guiana name.] Over 200 species, of tropical and subtropical regions. Type species: Icacorea guianensis Aubl. Style filiform, much longer than the ovary. 1. I. paniculata. Style subulate, not longer than the ovary. 2. /. (juadalupcusis. 1. Icacorea paniculata (Nutt.) Sudw. Gard. & For. 6: 324. 1893. Cyrilla paniculata Nutt. Am. Jour. Sci. 5: 290. 1822. Ardisia PicTceringia Torr. & Gray; DC. Prodr. 8: 124. 1844. A shrub or small tree, attaining a maximum height of about 7.5 m. with a trunk up to 1.5 dm. in diameter, the bark white, scaly, the twigs rather stout, puberulent or glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous, short-petioled, oblanceo- late, obovate or elliptic, 6-16 cm. long, yellowish or dark green above, pale green beneath, the midvein prominent, the lateral veins slender, the apex obtuse or acute, the base narrowed; panicles terminal, densely many-flowered, 316 THEOPHRASTACEAE. 5-12 cm. long; pedicels short, slender; calyx 2 mm. long, its 5 segments ovate, acute, unsymmetrical, ciliate ; corolla rotate, its 5 oblong or obovate segments reflexed, 3-4 mm. long, white, with purplish lines and dots; anthers orange; fruit "globose, black, shining, 7-9 mm. in diameter, tipped by the filiform style. Coppices and scrub-lands, Abaco, Great Bahama, New Providence and Eleu- thera : — iFlorida ; Cuba ; Mexico. Marlberry. Dog-berry. 2. Icacorea guadalupensis (Duchass.) Britton; Wilson, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 8: 401. 1917. Ardisia guadalupensis Duchass; Griseb. Kar. 89. 1857. A glabrous shrub 1-3 m. high, or a tree up to 15 m. high, the stout twigs light grey. Leaves elliptic to elliptic-obovate, coriaceous, 10-15 cm. long, obtuse or acutish at the apex, narrowed or cuneate at the base, paler green beneath than above, delicately veined, the stout petioles 7-12 mm. long; panicles terminal, densely many-flowered, 10-15 cm. long; pedicels 2-4 mm. long, rather stout; calyx about 2 mm. long, its 5 segments oblong, obtuse, punctate; corolla white, rotate, its 5 segments ovate or ovate-elliptic, obtuse, symmetrical, more or less punctate or lineolate; fruit subglobose or depressed- globose, black when mature, 6-8 mm. in diameter, tipped by the short style. Coppices, North Caicos : — Porto Rico to Virgin Gorda and Santa Lucia. Guade- liOUPE Marlberry. 2. RAPANEA Aubl. PL Guian. 1: 121. 1775. Shrubs or small trees, with alternate coriaceous leaves, and small bracted polygamo-dioecious flowers in lateral or axillary fascicles. Calyx mostly 4-5- cleft, persistent. Corolla 4-5-parted, or rarely of 4 or 5 separate petals, the segments spreading or recurved. Stamens borne on the bases of the corolla- segments; filaments short; anthers obtuse. Ovary globose or ovoid; style short or slender; stigma various; ovules few or many. Fruit a globose, nearly dry, small 1-seeded berry. [Guiana name.] Over 80 species^ mostly of trop- ical regions, the following typical. 1. Bapanea guianensis Aubl. PI. Guian. 1: 121. 1775. A shrub or small tree up to 6 m. high, the trunk sometimes 1.5 dm. in diameter, the foliage glabrous, the bark smooth and gray. Leaves mostly clustered near the ends of the rather slender twigs, short-petioled, obovate or oblong, 4—10 cm. long, obtuse at the apex, narrowed at the base, bright green and somewhat shining above, dull green beneath, the midvein prominent, the lateral veins faint; flowers green, about 4 mm. broad, nearly sessile on the twigs below the leaves; sepals ovate, about 1.5 mm. long; corolla-lobes oblong, glandular-ciliate, 2-3 times as long as the sepals, somewhat unequal; fruit globose, black when mature, about 4 mm. in diameter. Coppices, pine-lands and scrub-lands. Abaco. Great Bahama, Andros, New Provi- dence, Cat Island, Crooked Island and Mariguana : — Florida ; Cuba to Porto Rico and to Trinidad ; Jamaica ; northern South America. Recorded by Dolley as Mjjrsine laeta DC. Myrsine. Family 2. THEOPHRASTACEAE D. Don. Theophrasta Family. Trees or shrubs, wath everg-reen coriaceous estipulate leaves, and regu- lar, perfect or polyg-amo-dioeeious fl owners in axillary or terminal clusters or solitary. Calyx inferior, mostly 5-parted, the segments obtuse, imbricated. THEOPHRASTACEAE. 317 Corolla gamopetaloiis, rotate-campanulate or cylindric-canipanulate, mostly 5-lobed, the lobes imbricated. Stamens 5, rarely 4, borne near the base of the corolla-tube; filaments subulate or flattened; anthers mostly extrorse. Staminodia 5. Ovary superior, 1-celled ; style short or slender; stig-ma capitate or discoid; ovules numerous. Fruit coriaceous or fleshy, inde- hiscent, few-several-seeded. Five genera and about 50 species, of tropical distribution. 1. JACQUINIA L.; Jacq. Enum. 2, 15. 1760. Evergreen shrubs or small trees, with opposite or verticillate coriaceous leaves, and small perfect white or yellow, racemed, corymbed or panicled flowers. Sepals 5, imbricated. Corolla salverform or short-campanulate, 5- lobed, the lobes imbricated in the bud, spreading at anthesis. Staminodia 5, borne on the corolla-tube. Stamens 5, borne on the base of the corolla-tube. Ovary 5-carpellary ; style short; ovules usually many. Fruit ovoid or globose, coriaceous. Seeds compressed, with cartilaginous endosperm. [Commemorates Nicolas Joseph von Jacquin, 1727-1817, distinguished Austrian botanist.] About 25 species of tropical America. Type species: Jacquinia ruscifolia Jacq. Flowers single in the upper axils and in small terminal clusters. 1. J. Ticrtrrii. Flowers in terminal racemes. 2. J. kcuensis. 1. Jacquinia Berterii Spreng. Syst. 1: 668. 1825. Jacquinia Berterii retusa Urban, Symb. Ant. 1: 378. 1899. A much-branched shrub, 1-3 m. high, or tree up to about 7 m. high, the bark w^hitish, the young twigs scurfy-lepidote. Leaves various in form, oblong to obovate or oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous, 2-4 cm. long, rounded, retuse or acute at the apex, cuneate at the base, usually inconspicuously veined, the petioles 1-2 mm. long; inflorescence terminal or in the uppermost axils, 1-6- flowered, much shorter than the leaves; pedicels 5-8 mm. long, thickened upwardly in fruit; sepals nearly orbicular, 1.5-2 mm. long, glabrous; corolla about 3 mm. long, its lobes reflexed; staminodia much shorter than the corolla- lobes, somewhat longer than the stamens; fruit ovoid to subglobose, orange or yellow, 6-8 mm. in diameter. Coppices, Cat Island. Watling's, Long Island, Acklin's and Stubb's Cay, Caicos Islands : — Cuba to Anegada and Guadeloupe. Berter's Jacquinia. 2. Jacciuinia keyensis Mez in Urban, Symb. Ant. 2: 444. 1901. A tree, up to 6 m. high, with a trunk sometimes 2.5 dm. in diameter, the nearly smooth bark light gray, the young twigs finely pubescent, somewhat angled, densely leafy. Leaves oblong-obovate to spatulate, 3-7 cm. long, obtuse or retuse and apiculate at the apex, narrowed at the base, glabrous, shining above, dull beneath, the petioles short ; racemes 6 cm. long or less ; pedicels stout, about 1 cm. long; sepals ovate-orbicular, obtuse; flowers very fragrant ; corolla salverform, about 1 cm. broad, its lobes longer than the tube; stamens shorter than the staminodia; berry subglobose, orange-red, 8-10 mm. in diameter, hard. Coastal rocks, coppices and scrub-lands, throughout the archipelago from Abaco and Great Bahama to Grand Turk, Inagua and the Anguilla Isles : — Florida : Cays of northern Cuba : .Jamaica. Referred by Ilerrick, by DoIIey and by Hitchcock to Jacquinia armillaris Jacq. Joe-wood. Joe-busii. Ironwood. Catesby 1 : pi. 98. 318 PRIMULACEAE. Family 3. PRIMULACEAE Vent. Primrose Family. Herbs, with perfect regular flowers. Calyx free from the ovary (adnate to its lower part in Samolus), usually 5-parted, persistent or rarely deciduous. Corolla gamopetalous in our species, usually 5-cleft, deciduous. Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes and opposite them, hypogynous or rarely perigynous, inserted on the corolla; filaments distinct or connate at the base; anthers introrse, 2-celled, the sacs longitudinally dehiscent. Disk obsolete, or none. Ovary superior (partly inferior in Samolus), 1-celled; placenta central, free ; ovules anatropous, or amphitropous ; style 1 ; stigma simple, mostly -capitate, entire. Capsule 1-celled, 2-6-valved, rarely cir- eumscissile or indehiscent. Seeds few or several, the testa adherent to the fleshy or horny copious endosperm; embryo small, straight; cotyledons obtuse. About 28 genera and 400 species of wide distribution. 1. SAMOLUS L. Sp. PI. 171. 1753. Perennial glabrous herbs, with alternate entire leaves, or the basal ones rosulate. Flowers small, white, in terminal racemes or panicles in our species. Calyx persistent, its tube adnate to the ovary below, its limb o-cleft. Corolla perigynous, subcampanulate^ 5-lobed or 5-parted, the lobes obtuse. Stamens 5, inserted on the tube of the corolla, opposite its lobes, alternating with as many staminodia (these wanting in S. ehracteatus) , filaments short; anthers cordate. Ovary partly inferior; ovules amphitropous. Capsule 5-valved from the sum- mit. Seeds minute. [Name Celtic] About 10 species, of wide distribution. Type species: Samolus Valerandi L. Stems leafly to the inflorescence. 1. S. forihtindtis. Stems scapose, leafy below. 2. /S. ehracteatus. 1. Samolus floribtindus H.B.K. ^^ov. Gen. 2: 224. 1818. Samolus Valerandi americanus A. Gray, Man. ed. 2, 274. 1856. Erect or ascending, 1.5-6 dm. high. Leaves 2-8 cm. long, obovate, obtuse; flowers less than 2 mm. broad, in elongated panicled racemes; pedicels filiform, spreading, 8-25 mm. long^ bracteolate near the middle ; calyx-lobes acute, shorter than the corolla; corolla-lobes longer than the tube; staminodia 5; capsule 2-3 mm. in diameter. Moist soil, New Providence :- — throughout temperate North America to Florida, Texas, California and Mexico ; Cuba. Water Pimpernel. 2. Samolus ebracteatus H.B.K. Nov. Gen. 2: 223. 1818. Samodia el)racteata Baudo, Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 20: 350. 1843. Erect, 4 dm. high or less. Leaves 4-12 cm. long, spatulate or obovate, obtuse or the upper acute; flowers white, 6-7 mm. broad, in long-stalked simple or sometimes branched racemes; pedicels ascending, very slender, 15-25 mm. long; calyx-lobes ovate, acute, about one-half as long as the corolla; corolla- lobes shorter than the tube; staminodia none; capsule 3-4 mm. in diameter. Moist ground, Andros, at Red Bays : — Florida to Texas and New Mexico ; Cuba. Larger Water Pimpernel. PLUMBAGIXACEAE. 319 Family 4. PLUMBAGINACEAE Lindl. Plumbago Family. Perennial herbs or shrubs, with l)asal or alternate leaves, and perfect and regular clustered flowers. Calyx inferior, gamosepalous, 4-5-toothed, plaited at the sinuses, the tube 5-15-ribbed. Corolla of 4 or 5 hypogynous clawed segments connate at the base, or united into a tube. Stamens 4 or 5, opposite the corolla-segments, hypogynous; anthers 2-eelled, attached by their backs to the filaments, the sacs longitudinally dehiscent. Disk none. Ovary superior, 1-celled; ovule solitai-y, anatropous, pendulous; styles 5. Fruit a utricle or achene, enclosed by the calyx, rarely a dehiscent capsule. Seed solitary; testa membranous; endosperm mealy, or none; embiyo straight; cotyledons entire. About 10 genera and 350 species, of wide distribution, many in saline situations. Calyx glandular ; claws of the petals united into a tube. 1. Plumbago. Calyx not glandular; claws of the petals distinct or nearly so. 2. Limonium. 1. PLUMBAGO L. Sp. PI. 151. 1753. Perennial herbs, shrubs or vines, with alternate, often clasping leaves, the purple blue red or white flowers in bracted spikes. Calyx tubular, 5-ribbed, glandular, with 4 or 5 erect lobes. Petals 4 or 5, their claws united into a tube, their blades entire, spreading, the corolla thin, salverform. Stamens 5, distinct, the filaments dilated at the base, the anthers linear. Styles fili- form, stigmatic on the inner side, partly united. Fruit capsular. [Latin, leadwort.] About a dozen species, natives of southern Europe and West- central Asia and tropical America. Type species: Plumbago europaea L. 1. Plumbago scandens L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 215. 1762. A perennial woody herb^ the branches often elongated and vine-like, glabrous, sometimes 1 m. long. Leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, mem- branous, glabrous, 3-10 cm. long, acute or acuminate at the apex, narrowed at the base, the petioles 1 cm. long or less; spikes slender, peduncled, several- many-flowered, 5-12 cm. long; bracts lanceolate, acuminate^ persistent, about 5 mm. long; calyx about 1 cm. long, beset with long-stalked glands; corolla white, its filiform tube about 2 cm. long, its obovate mucronate spreading lobes 5-7 mm. long. Waste and cultivated grounds, New Providence, Harbor Island, Cat Island and Grand Turk : — Florida to Arizona ; West Indies and continental tropical America. White Plumbago. Doctok-bush. 2. LIMONIUM Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 283. 1763. Herbs, mostly with flat basal leaves, and numerous small flowers cymose- paniculate on bracted scapes, in 1-3-flowered bracteolate clusters, forming one- sided spikes. Calyx campanulate or tubular, the limb scarious, 5-toothed, the tube usually 10-ribbed. Petals 5, clawed. Stamens adnate to the bases of the petals. Styles 5, separate in our species, stigmatic along the inner side. Fruit a utricle. [Ancient name of the wild beet.] About 120 species widely dis- tributed. Type species: Statice Limonium L. 320 SAPOTACEAE. 1. Limonium bahamense (Griseb.) Britton, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 142. 1906. Statice bahamensis Griseb. Fl. Br, W. I. 389. 1861. Perennial by a deep root; scapes several or many, erect, slender, much branched, 2-4 dm. high, glabrous but scaly, fleshy, terete. Leaves linear or narrowly spathulate, 5 cm. long or longer, mostly wanting at flowering time; scales of the scape triangular-acuminate, scarious-margined, 2-4 mm. long; spikes 1.5-4 cm. long, the flower-clusters densely aggregated; lower bractlet ovate, obtuse, much shorter than the scarious-margined upper one; flowers purple, about 5 mm. long. Salinas, South Caicos and Grand Turk Island. Endemic. Bahama Sea Laven- der. Heather. Order 2. EBENALES. Shrubs or trees, with alternate smiple leaves, the flowers mostly regular. Calyx free from the ovai-y (inferior) or more or less adnate to it. Corolla gamopetalous or sometimes polypetalous. Stamens borne on the tube or base of the corolla, as many as its lobes, and opposite them, or more numerous. Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes. Fam. 1. Sapotaceae. Stamens twice as many as the corolla-lobes, or more. Fam. 2. Ebenaceae. Family 1. SAPOTACEAE Reiehenb. Sapodilla Family. Shrubs or trees, the sap often milky, the leaves mostly alternate, entire, estipulate, often finely veined, the perfect or rarely polygamous flowers clustered. Sepals 4—12, imbricated. Corolla lobed, often appendaged be- tween the lobes. Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes, often alternating with broad staminodia; filaments distinct. Ovary sessile, 4T-12-eelled ; styles united; ovules solitaiy in each cavity, anatropous. Fruit a beny, often large. Seeds shining, smooth; embiyo straight. About 35 genera, comprising over 400 species, mostly of tropical distribution. Calyx 4-5-parted. Flowers without staminodia or corolla-appendages. 1. Clirysophi/Uum. Flowers with staminodia. Corolla without appendages. Seeds with abundant endosperm. 2. Sideroxylon. Seeds without endosperm. 3. Lucnma. Corolla with appendages. Ovary smooth ; endosperm copious. 4. DiphoUs. Ovary hairy ; endosperm little or none. 5. Bumelia. Calvx 6-12-parted. Seeds only 1 or 2. 6. Mimusops. Seeds 4 or 5. 7. Sapota. 1. CHRYSOPHYIiLUM L. Sp. PI. 192. 1753. Unarmed evergreen trees, with alternate coriaceous leaves, and small, mostly 5-parted flowers, in axillary or lateral fascicles, the sap milky. Sepals nearly alike. Corolla-lobes unappendaged. Stamens included; staminodia none. Ovary pubescent; style short. Fruit a large or small, drupe-like berry. Seeds with a hard^ often shining testa and fleshy endosperm. [Greek, refer- SAPOTACEAE. 321 ring to the lustrous pubescence on the under side of the leaves of some species.] Sixty species or more, mostly of tropical America. Type species: Chryso- phyllum Cainito L. 1. Chrysophyllum oliviforme L. Syst. ed. 10, 937. 1759. Chrysophyllum monopyrenum iSw, Prodr. 49. 1788. A tree, reaching a maximum height of about 10 m., with a trunk up to 3 dm. in diameter, the bark fissured, the young twigs brownish-pubescent. Leaves oblong to ovate, 3-10 cm. long, acutish or short-acuminate at the apex, rounded or narrowed at the base^, green, glabrous and shining above, densely reddish or brownish-pubescent beneath, the petioles 8-12 mm. long; fascicles few- flowered; pedicels 5-10 mm. long; sepals silky, about 1.5 mm. long; corolla white, 4-6 mm. wide; filaments very short; berry oval, 1-2 cm. long, purple, usually 1-seeded. Coppices and scrub-lands, Andros, New Trovidence. and North Caicos : — Florida ; Cuba to Porto Rico ; Jamaica. C. Cainito of Schoepf. Satinleaf. Saffron-tree. 2. SIDEROXYLON L. Sp. PI. 192. 1753. Unarmed, hard-wooded, evergreen trees or shrubs, with alternate cori- aceous, slender-petioled leaves, and small, 5-parted, greenish-yellow or white flowers in dense axillary or lateral fascicles. Sepals mostly obtuse, imbricated. Corolla nearly rotate, its lobes obtuse, not appendaged. Stamens borne near the middle or top of the corolla-tube, included, opposite the lobes; filaments slender; anthers extrorse; staminodia entire or toothed, alternating with the filaments. Ovary 5-celled or sometimes 2-3-celled; ovules ascending; style short or slender. Berry ovoid or subglobose, usually 1-seeded. Seed with a crustaceous testa and cartilaginous endosperm. [Greek, referring to the hard wood.] About 75 species, natives of warm and tropical regions. Type species: Sideroxylon inerme L. 1. Sideroxylon foetidissimum Jacq. Enum. 15. 1760. Sideroxylon mastichodendron Jacq. Coll. 2: 253. 1788. A tree, attaining a maximum height of about 25 m., with a trunk up to 1.5 m. in diameter, the bark splitting into scale-like plates, the twigs rather slender, glabrous. Leaves oblong to oblong-ovate or oval, 5-15 cm. long, sparingly pubescent when youngs becoming glabrous, mostly rounded at the apex, rounded or narrowed at the base, lustrous, the slender petioles 2-7 cm. long; fascicles several-many-flowered, shorter than the petioles; pedicels 4-10 mm. long; sepals nearly orbicular, obtuse, glabrous, about 2 mm, long; corolla greenish-yellow, about 7 mm. broad, its lobes oblong, obtuse; stami- nodia lanceolate, acuminate, 1 mm. long; berry drupe-like, yellow, oval, 2-2.5 cm. long, glabrous, acid. Coppices and scrub-lands, Abaco, Berry Islands. South Cat Cay, Andros, New Providence, Exuma Chain, Elouthera. Cat Island, Watlins's and Crooked : — -Florida ; Cuba to St. Thomas and to Barbadoes ; Jamaica. Catesby, 2 : pL 75. Mastic-bully, 3. LUCUMA Molina, Sagg. Chile 186. 1782. Trees, or some species shrubs, the leaves mostly coriaceous, the small flowers in axillary or lateral glomerules, or solitary. Calyx-segments usually 4 or 5, strongly imbricated. Corolla urn-shaped, the tube short, the 4, 5 or 6 322 SAPOTACEAE. lobes imbricated. Stamens 4, 5 or 6, borne on the corolla-tube opposite its lobes, the filaments short or slender. Staminodes linear or scale-like, borne at the sinuses of the corolla. Ovary 2-6-celled, mostly villous; style subulate or conic, Eruit a berry, the pericarp fleshy or thin. Seeds 1-5. [Peruvian name.] Fifty species or more, mostly of tropical America, a few Austral- asian. Type species: Lucuma hi f era Molina. 1. Lucuma Serpentaria H.B.K. Nov. Gen. 3: 242. 1819. Lucuma pauciflora A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 168. 1844. A tree, up to about 10 m. high, the bark gray, the rather stout twigs puberulent when young. Leaves oblong-obovate,, coriaceous, 5-13 cm. long, glabrous, somewhat shining above, rounded at the apex, narrowed at the base, reticulate-veined, the puberulent petioles 3-15 mm. long; peduncles solitary or 2 together in the axils, stout, puberulent, about as long as the petioles or a little longer; calyx-segments round-ovate, puberulent, 6-8 mm. long; corolla about twice as long as the calyx, 6-lobed, the lobes rounded, as long as the tube; ovary 6-celled, tomentose; berry globose, 2-3 cm. in diameter, 3-6-seeded; seeds 1.5-2 cm. long. Coppices, Andros and New Providence : — Cuba. Referred by Coker to L. multi- flora A. DC. Egg-fruit. 4. DIPHOLIS A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 188. 1844. Evergreen unarmed shrubs or trees^ with alternate leaves, and small, mostly 5-parted, greenish, often fragrant flowers in axillary or lateral fascicles. Sepals ovate to nearly orbicular, imbricated. Corolla rotate or funnelform, its lobes with 2 appendages at each sinus. Stamens borne on the corolla-tube, opposite the lobes, exserted, the filaments filiform, the anthers extrorse; stami- nodia 5, often petaloid, alternating with the stamens. Ovary glabrous, 5- celled; ovules ascending; style slender. Fruit an ovoid, subglobose or oblong berry, usually 1-seeded. Seed with a coriaceous testa, and fleshy endosperm. [Greek, referring to the appendages of the corolla.] About 10 species, natives of the "West Indian region, the following typical. 1. Dipholis salicifolia (L.) A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 188. 1844. Achras salicifolia L. Sp. PI. ed. 2: 470. 1762. A slender tree, reaching a maximum height of about 16 m., with a trunk up to 5 dm. in diameter, the bark scaly,the slender young twigs appressed- pubescent. Leaves subcoriaceous, oblong to elliptic-oblanceolate, slender- petioled, 6-12 cm. long, acute or acuminate at the apex, narrowed at the base, somewhat silky-pubescent when young, soon glabrous, dark green and shining above, dull green beneath; flower-clusters mostly shorter than the petioles; pedicels 2-3 mm. long; sepals silky-pubescent, 1.5 mm. long, ovate or oblong, obtuse; corolla about 4 mm. broad, its lobes oval, obtuse, about as long as the tube, the appendages about one-half as long; staminodia ovate, irregularly toothed; berry ovoid or subglobose, black, 6-8 mm. in diameter. Coppices and scrub-lands, Great Bahama, Andros, New Providence, Great Exuma, Eleuthera to Mariguana and Caicos Islands : — Florida ; Cuba to St. Jan and Guadeloupe ; Barbadoes ; Jamaica ; Mexico. Bustic. Wild Cassada. Cassada-wood. SAPOTACEAE. 323 5. BUMELIA Sw. Prodr. 49. 1788. Shrubs or trees, the branches often spinescent, the ■u-ood very hard. Leaves sometimes clustered at the nodes. Flowers small, pedicelled, green or white, fascicled in the axils. Calyx deeply 5-parted, the sepals unequal. Corolla 5-lobed, with a pair of lobe-like appendages at each sinus, its tube short. Stamens 5, inserted near the base of the corolla-tube; anthers sagittate. Staminodia 5, petaloid. Ovary 5-celled; style filiform. Berry small, the peri- carp fleshy, enclosing a single erect seed. Seed shining, the hilum at the base. [Greek, ox (large) ash.] About 35 species, natives of America. Type species: Bumelia retusa Sw. Leaves narrow, linear to spathulate, 2-10 mm. wide, wider only on shoots: fruit oblong-cylindric. 1. B. angnstlfolia. Leaves obovate to oblanceolate, 1-4 cm. wide, frui't globose to ovoid. Pedicels little if at all longer than the petioles : leaves obo- vate or oblanceolate, or on shoots suborbicular. 2. B. loranthifoJia. Pedicels much longer than the petioles ; leaves spathulate to oblanceolate. 3. B. hahamensis. 1. Bumelia angustifdlla Nutt. Sylv. 3: 38, t. 93. 1849. Bumelia Eggersii Pierre in Urban, Symb. Ant. 5: 146. 1904. A glabrous shrub or small tree, reaching a maximum height of about 8 m. Leaves linear to spatulate, or those of shoots obovate, 2-4 cm. long, mostly obtuse at the apex, narrowed at the base, short-petioled; fascicles few-many- flowered; pedicels 3-6 mm. long; sepals ovate, about 2 mm. long, obtuse, the inner wider than the outer; corolla-lobes orbicular, erose-denticulate, the lance- olate appendages acuminate; staminodia ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 2 mm. long, erose; fruit oblong to oblong-cylindric, 1-2 cm. long, purple-black. Palmetto-lands, coastal thickets, borders of salinas, Great Bahama, Cat Cay, Andros, New Providence, and Rose Island : — Florida ; Cuban Cays. Recorded by Mrs. Northrop and by Coker as B. microphyUa Griseb. Narrow-lbaved Bu^ielia. 2. Bumelia loranthifolia (Pierre) Britton, Bull. X. Y. Bot. Gard. 3: 447. 1905. Bumelia retusa loranthifolia Pierre in Urban, Symb. Ant. 5: 145. 1904. A shrub, 1-3 m. high, or sometimes straggling, or a tree up to 8 m. high, the young twigs densely brown-tomentulose. Leaves obovate or oblanceolate, coriaceous, 1-5 cm. long, glabrous and shining above, brown-tomentulose be- neath when young, becoming glabrous, rounded or somewhat retuse at the apex, cuneate at the base, the petioles 2-5 mm. long; pedicels as long as the petioles or a little longer; sepals suborbicular, 2-3 mm. long, the outer ones tomentu- lose; corolla about twice as long as the sepals, its lobes about as long as the tube; staminodia lanceolate; fruit globose, oblong or ovoid, 6-9 mm. in diam- eter, black. Coppices, pine-lands, white-lands and scrub-lands, throughout the archipelago from Abnco and Great Bahama to Inagua, Mariguana. Cotton Cay and the Anguilla Isles. Endemic. Referred by Ilitchcock and by Dolley to B. retusa Sw. ; recorded by Mrs. Northrop as B. ctthcnsis Griseb. Wild Saffron. Milk-berry. 3. Bumelia bahamensis Britton, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3: 447. 1905. A shrub with slender puberulous twigs, related to B. loranthifolia. Leaves spatulate-oblanceolate, coriaceous, revolute-margined, 8 cm. long or less, 1.5- 2.5 cm. wide, rounded at the apex, narrowly cuneate at the base, dull green and glabrous above, densely brown-tomentulose beneath, rather strongly pinnately veined, the veins ascending at a narrow angle; petioles stout, 5 mm. long or 324 SAPOTACEAE. less; flowers about 6 in each, axillary cluster; pedicels brown-furfuraceous, stout, 8-10 mm. long, three times as long as the calyx. Coastal thickets and scrub-lands, New Providence. Rose Island and Long Island. Endemic. Perhaps a long-leaved, long-pedicelled race of the preceding species. Bahama Bumelia. 6. MIMUSOPS L. Sp. PI. 349. 1753. Evergreen milky trees, with coriaceous leaves, and lateral, axillary or terminal flowers. Sepals 6-12, in 2 series. Corolla 18-24-lobed, its tube short. Stamens 6-12, borne on the corolla-tube, the filaments short, the anthers lance- olate; staminodia 6-12, petal-like, toothed or lacerate. Ovary hirsute, 6-12- celled. Berry sub-globose, the epicarp usually crustaceous. Seeds 1 or 2, oblique, compressed. [Greek, aspect of an ape.] About 40 species, mostly tropical in distribution. Type species: Mimusops Elengi L. 1. Mimusops emarglnata (L.) Britton, Torreya 11: 129. 1911. Sloanea emarglnata L. Sp. PI. 512. 1753. Acliras ZapotiUa imrvifoUa Xuttall, Sylv. 3: 28. 1849. Mimusops parvifolia Radlk. Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Muench. 12: 344. 1882. Acliras bahamensis Baker, in Hook. Ic. 18: pi. 1795. 1888. Mimusops fioridana Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 12: 524. 1890. Mimusops baliamensis Pierre, Not. Sapot. 37. 1891. Manillmra parvifolia Dubard, Ann. Mus. Col. Marseille III. 3: 16, 1916. A tree, up to 10 m. high, the trunk sometimes 3 dm. in diameter, the twigs stout, the young foliage finely pubescent. Leaves clustered at the ends of the twigs, oblong, 3-10 cm. long, emarginate at the apex, narrowed or rounded at the base, glabrous or nearly so when old, the petioles 1-2 cm. long; flowers several or many in the clusters, on tomentose nodding pedicels 1-3 cm. long; sepals tomentose, lanceolate; corolla 1.5-2 cm. broad, light yellow, its linear lobes often toothed at the apex; appendages similar to the corolla-lobes, about one-half their length; staminodia triangular; berry depressed-globose, nearly 3 cm. in diameter, scaly. Scrub-lands, throughout the archipelago from Abaco and Great Bahama to East Caicos, Ambergris Cay and Inagua : — -Florida ; Cuba. Recorded by Grisebach, by Dolley and by Mrs. Northrop as 2Iimusops dissecta R. Br. : recorded by Hitchcock, by Small and by Coker as Mimusops Sielieri DC. Wild Dilly. Catesby, 2 : pi. 87. 7. SAPOTA [Plum.] Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 7. 1759. An unarmed evergreen tree, with alternate coriaceous, oblong to elliptic leaves, and rather large, peduncled, mostly 6-parted, whitish flowers solitary in the axils, the sap milky. Calyx-lobes in 2 series. Corolla urceolate, scarcely longer than the calyx; anthers sagittate; staminodia little shorter than the corolla-lobes. Ovary 10-12-eelled; ovules ascending; style slender, exserted; stigma small. Fruit a large, rough-skinned berry. Seeds black, shining, the endosperm fleshy. [Aboriginal West Indian name.] A monotypic genus. 1. Sapota Achras Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8. no. 1. 1768. Acliras Zapota L. Syst. ed. 10, 988. 1759. Xot A. Zapota L. Sp. PI. 1190. 1753. A tree up to about 15 m. high, the bark dark brown, the twigs rather stout, the petioles, peduncles and calyx brownish pubescent. Leaves mainly clustered EBENACEAE. 325 at the ends of the twigs^ 5-12 cm. long, the lateral veins nearly transverse, delicate, close together, the apex obtuse, the base mostly narrowed, the slender petioles 5-20 mm. long; peduncles about as long as the petioles; sepals 8-10 mm. long; corolla-lobes about half as long as the tube; staminodia longer than the stamens ; fruit globose or ovoid, 3-8 cm. in diameter, rough, brown, the flesh sweet, brownish, milky; seeds usually several, flattened, about 2 em. long, with a white scar on the inner edge. Scrub-lands, spontaneous after cultivation, in various localities in the Bahamas: — Florida ; West Indies ; Mexico and northern South America. Sapodilla. Family 2. EBENACEAE Vent. Ebony Family. Trees or shrubs with very hard wood, entire estipulate leaves, and dioecious polygamous, or rarely perfect, rej^ular flowers, solitary or cymose in the axils. Calyx inferior, 3-7-lobed, commonly accrescent and persist- ent. Corolla gamopetalous, deciduous, 3-7-lobed, the lobes usually con- volute in the bud. Stamens 2-3 times as many as the lobes of the corolla in the sterile flowers, and inserted on its tube, usually some imperfect ones in the pistillate flowers; anthers introrse, erect. Disk none. Ovary superior, several-celled; in the staminate flowers rudimentary or none; ovules 1-3 in each cavity, suspended; styles 2-8, distinct, or united below; stig-mas terminal, sometimes 2-parted. Fruit a berry. Seeds oblong, the testa bony; endosperm copious, cartilaginous; embryo small; cotyledons large, foliaceous. About 6 genera and 275 sjDecies, mostly tropical. 1. MABA Forst. Char. Gen. PI. 121. 1776. Hard-wooded trees or shrubs, with alternate petioled leaves, and dioecious (rarely monoecious) axillary, mostly 3-parted flowers, usually solitary, or the staminate ones in small clusters. Calyx campanulate or tubular-campanulate, accrescent and persistent in fruit. Corolla campanulate or tubular. Staminate flowers with few or several stamens, the filaments separate or connate, the anthera oblong or linear, the ovary rudimentary. Pistillate flowers with a 3-celled or 6-celled ovary, and 3 styles or a 3-cleft style, sometimes with staminodia. Fruit baccate, somewhat fleshy or dry. Seeds 1-6, the endosperm commonly ruminated. [Tonga Islands name.]. Sixty species or more, natives of tropical regions. Type species: Maha elUptica Forst. 1. Maba crasslnervis (Krug & Urban) Urban, Symb. Ant, 7: 329. 1912. Maha carihaea crassinervis Krug & Urban, Bot. Jahrb. 15: 327. 1893. A shrub 1-3 m. high, or a small tree up to about 7 m. high, the branches slender, gray, stitf, the young twigs pubescent. Leaves obovate to elliptic, coriaceous, 3-7 cm. long, rounded, subtruncate or obtuse at the apex, obtuse or narrowed at the base, glabrous, dark green and shining above, pale, strongly and densely reticulate-veined and pubescent beneath, the stout pubescent petioles 2-7 mm. long; staminate flowers 3 together on short axillary peduncles; calyx 3-4-toothed, densely pubescent, about 4 mm. long; corolla glabrous within, densely pubescent without ; stamens 9 ; pistillate flowers solitary ; fruit solitary and short-peduncled in the axils, globose, yellowish, 1.5-2.3 cm. in diameter, the persistent calyx 1-2 cm. wide; seeds about 1 cm. long, ovoid, oblique. 326 OLEACEAE. Coppices and rocky scrub-lands, Andros, New Providence, Great Guana Cay, Great Exuma, Eleuthera, Watling's, Atwood Cay, Great Ragged Island, Fortune, Aclclin's and Crooked Islands : — Cuba ; Hispaniola. Recorded by Coker as Macreightia caribaea A. DC, and referred by Hitchcock to Diospyros halesioides Griseb. Feathee-bed. Boa-wood. Order 3. GENTIANALES. Herbs, shrubs, vines or trees. Leaves opposite, or rarely alternate. Flowers regular. Corolla g-amopetalous, rarely polypetalous, nerved, want- ing in Forestiera of the Oleaceae. Stamens mostly borne on the lower part of the corolla when this is present, as many as its lobes or fewer and alter- nate mth them. Ovaries 2, distinct, or 1 with 2 cavities (rarely more), or 2 placentae. a. Stamens (usually 2), fewer than the corolla-lobes, or corolla none. Fam. 1. Oleaceae. b. Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes. Stigmas distinct ; juice not milky ; ovary 1, compound. Ovary 2-celled ; leaves stipulate, or their bases con- nected by a stipular line. Fam. 2. Loganiaceae. Ovary 1-celled ; leaves not stipulate. Leaves opposite, rarely verticillate : corolla-lobes convolute or imbricated in the bud. Fam. 3. Gextianaceae. Leaves tufted or alternate ; corolla-lobes indupli- cate-valvate in the bud ; Bahama species aquatic. Fam. 4. Mentanthaceae. Stigmas united ; juice milky ; ovaries usually 2. Styles united ; stamens distinct ; pollen of simple grains. Fam. 5. ApocyxaceaEi. Styles distinct ; stamens mostly monadelphous ; pol- len-grains united into waxy masses. Fam. 6. Asclepiadaceab. Family 1. OLEACEAE Lindl. Olive Family. Trees or shrubs (a few genera almost herbaceous) with opposite or rarely alternate, simple or pinnate, estipulate leaves and regular 2— t-parted flowers in panicles, cymes or fascicles. Calyx inferior, usually small, some- times none. Corolla various, or none. Stamens 2-4; filaments separate; anthers ovate, oblong or linear, 2-celled, the sacs longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary superior, 2-eelled ; ovules few in each cavity, anatropous or amphit- rojDOus; style usually short or none. Fruit a capsule, samara, berry or drupe. Endosperm fleshy, horny or wanting; embryo straight, rather large; radicle usually short. About 21 genera and 525 species, of wide distribution in temperate and tropical regions. Corolla none ; fruit a drupe. 1. Forestiera. Corolla large, conspicuous. Corolla salverform : fruit fleshy, didymous. 2. Jasminum. Petals distinct ; fruit drupaceous. 3. Mayepea. 1. FORESTIERA Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 2: 664. 1812. Shrubs or trees, with opposite deciduous simple leaves, and very small, clustered, incomplete and commonly imperfect flowers axillary or on twigs of the previous season. Calyx-tube short, the limb deeply 4-6-lobed. Corolla none (rarely of 1 or 2 small petals). Stamens 2 or 4. Ovary 2-celled; stigmas thick, sometimes 2-lobed; ovules 2 in each cavity, pendulous. Drupe commonly OLEACEAE. 327 1-seeded. Endosperm fleshy. [Commemorates Charles Le Forestier, a French physician.] About 10 American species. Type species: Forestiera acuminata (Michx.) Poir. 1. Forestiera segregata (Jacq.) Krug & Urban, Bot. Jahrb. 15: 339. 1893. Myrica segregata Jacq. Coll. 2: 273. 1788. Adelia porulosa Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 224. 1803. Adelia segregata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 410. 1891. Foresteria cassinoides Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 2: 665. 1812. Forestiera segregata stenocarpa Krug & "Urban, Bot. Jahrb. 15: 340. 1893. A shrub, or a small tree up to 7 m. high and a trunk diameter of 1.5 dm., the branches slender. Leaves rather firm in texture, oblong to lanceolate or obovate, 1.5-6 cm. long, obtuse or acutish at the apex, narrowed at the base, shining above, pale and reticulate-veined beneath, punctate when dry, short- petioled; flowers very small, yellowish green; drupes oblong to oval, 6-10 mm. long, short-pedicelled, purplish, the stone longitudinally ribbed. Scrub-lands, throughout the islands from Abaco and Great Bahama to Mariguana and Grand Turk : — Bermuda ; Florida ; Cuba to St. Croix ; Tortola ; Jamaica. Florida Privet. Ink-bush. 2. JASMINUM L. Sp. PI. 7. 1753. Shrubs or woody vines, with mostly opposite, simple or compound leaves, and large, clustered or solitary flowers. Calyx lobed or parted. Corolla salver- form, its tube cylindric, its limb lobed or parted, the lobes imbricated. Stamens 2, included; filaments short; anthers laterally dehiscent. Ovary 2-celled; style very slender; stigma capitate or 2-lobed; ovules mostly 2 in each cavity. Fruit didymous, fleshy. Seeds without endosperm. [Ancient name, of Arabic origin.] About 100 species, natives of the Old World. Type species: Jasmi- num officinale L. 1. Jasminum Sambac (L.) Soland.; Ait. Hort. Kew. 1: 8. 1789. Nyctanthes Samhac L. Sp. PI. 6. 1753. A shrub, 1-2 m. high, the young shoots sparingly pubescent. Leaves ovate to elliptic, membranous, deciduous, 3-7 cm. long, acute, obtuse or short- acuminate at the apex, rounded or obtuse at the base, glabrous and finely reticulate-veined on both sides, the pubescent petioles 3-6 mm. long; cymes peduncled, terminal, few-several-flowered, pubescent; pedicels 6-12 mm. long; calyx-segments numerous, linear, about 1 cm. long; corolla white, fragrant, its tube somewhat longer than the calyx, its limb about 2 cm. wide, the lobes obtuse. Presumably spontaneous after cultivation, New Providence, collected by Cooper in 1859 : — Escaped from cultivation in various West Indian Islands and in South America. Native of the East Indies. Arabian Jasmine. 3. MAYEPEA Aubl. PI. Guian. 1: 81. 1775. Trees or shrubs, with opposite entire leaves, the rather large, mostly white bracteolate flowers usually panicled. Calyx small, 4-cleft or 4-toothed. Petals 4, distinct or very nearly so, najrow. Stamens 2, rarely 4, borne at the bases of the petals; filaments short; anthers ovate to linear. Ovary 2-celled; ovules 328 LOGANIACEAE. 2 in each cavity; style short; stigma oblong to globose. Fruit a small oblong drupe, with thin flesh and hard endocarp. [Guiana name.] -About 50 species, natives of tropical regions. Type species: Mcujepea guianensis Aubl. 1. Mayepea bumelioides (Griseb.) Krug & Urban, Bot. Jahrb. 15: 344. 1893. Linociera humelioides Griseb. Cat. PI. Cub. 169. 1866. A tree, up to 10 m. high, the branches erect or ascending, the bark pale, the twigs slender, pale gray, glabrous. Leaves elliptic to oblong or obovate- oblong, subcoriaceous, 5-10 cm. long, 1.5-5 cm. wide, coarsely reticulate-veined, glabrous, bright green and shining above, pale green beneath, the petioles 1-2 em. long; panicles axillary and terminal, as long as the leaves or shorter, several-many-flowered, puberulent; bractlets ovate, acute, 1-1.5 mm. long; pedicels about as long as the bractlets; calyx 1.5-2 mm. long, its teeth ovate, acute; petals linear, white, 6-8 mm. long; filaments about 2 mm. long; anthers ovate-oblong. Coppices near Nicholl's Town and Crow Hill, Andres : — Cuba. Black Ebony. An opposite-leaved shrub, found in foliage only near Staniard Creek, Andros (Stnall and Carter 8898), may be of this genus. Family 2. LOGANIACEAE Dumort. LoGAXiA Family. Herbs, shrubs, vines or some tropical genera trees, with opposite or vertieillate simple stipulate leaves, or the leaf-bases connected by a stipular line or membrane, and regular perfect 4-5-parted flowers. Calyx inferior, the tube eampanulate, sometimes short or none, the segments imbricated, at least in the bud. Corolla gamopetalous, funnelfonn, eampanulate, or rarely rotate. Stamens inserted on the tube or throat of the corolla; anthers 2-celled, the sacs longitudinally dehiscent; pollen-grains simple. Disk usually none. Ovary superior, 2-celled (rarely 3-5-eelled) ; ovules anatropous or amphitropous. Fruit a 2-valved capsule in our species. Embryo small, usually straight; endosperm copious; radicle terete or conic. About 30 genera and 400 species, widely distributed in "warm and tropical regions. Corolla-lobes valvate. Corolla funnelfonn or salverform. styles united. 1. SpigeUa. Corolla urn-shaped, styles soon distinct. 2. Ci/noctonum. Corolla-lobes imbricated. 3. Polypremum. 1. SPIGELIA L. Sp. PL 149. 1753. Herbs, with opposite membranous entire, pinnately veined leaves, small stipules, or the leaf-bases connected by a stipular line, and red yellow nearly white or purple flowers, in scorpioid cymes or unilateral spikes, or terminal and in the forks of the branches. Calyx deeply 5-parted. Corolla 5-lobed, the tube finely 15-nerved. Stamens 5, inserted on the corolla-tube; anthers 2-lobed at the base. Ovules numerous, on peltate placentae; style filiform, jointed near the middle; stigma obtuse. Capsule didymous, 2-celled, somewhat flattened contrai'y to the dissepiment, circumscissile, the 2 carpels becoming 2-valved. Seeds peltate, not winged. [Named for Adrian von der Spigel, 1558-1625, physician.] About 35 species, all American. Type species: SpigeUa AntJiel- mia L. > LOGANIACEAE. 329 1. Spigelia Anthelmia L. Sp. PI. 149. 1753. Annual, simple or branched, 5 dm. high or less. Leaves lanceolate, 3-10 cm. long, acute or acuminate, pale beneath, finely ciliolate ; inflorescence sub- tended by a whorl or pair of lanceolate or ovate bracts larger than the leaves; flowers small, in slender unilateral spikes 5-12 cm. long; calyx-lobes narrowly lanceolate, about 2 mm. long; corolla purplish white, 5-9 mm. long; capsules 5-6 mm. broad, tubercled. Moist soils, Abaco, Andros, New Providence, Great Exuma, Eleuthera, Cat Island, ^yatling■s, Acklin's, Crooked and Fortune Islands and Mariguana : — Florida ; West Indies : continental tropical America. Spigelia. Pink. 2. CYNOCTONUM J. F. Gmel. Syst. 443. 1791. Herbs, our species annual, with opposite entire leaves, and minute stipules, or the leaf -bases connected by a stipular line. Flowers small, whitish, in one- sided spikes forming cymes. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla urn-shaped, 5-lobed. Stamens 5, included; filaments short; anthers cordate. Ovules numerous, on peltate placentae; style ehort, 2-divided below, united above by the common stigma, the divisions becoming separate. Capsule 2-lobed at the summit; carpels divaricate, dehiscent along the inner side. Seeds numerous, small, tuberculate. [Greek, dog-killing.] About 5 species, of warm and tropical regions. Type species: Cynoctonum sessilifolium Gmel. 1. Cynoctonum Mitreola (L.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 258. 1894. Ophiorrhiza Mitreola L. Sp. PI. 150. 1753. Mitreola petiolata T. & G. PL N. A. 2: 45. 1841. Stem glabrous, erect, terete, 3-6 dm. high. Leaves lanceolate to ovate, petioled, 2.5-8 cm. long, 6-25 mm. wide, acute at both ends, glabrous; cymes terminal and often also in the upper axils, slender-peduncled; flowers about 2 mm. broad, numerous, sessile or nearly so ; capsule deeply 2-lobed, compressed, the lobes at length widely diverging, acute. Savannas, brackish marshes, palmetto-lands and borders of mangrove swamps. Great Bahama, Andros and New Providence : — Virginia to Florida, Texas and Mexico ; Cuba to Porto Rico and to Trinidad ; .Jamaica. The Andros plant recorded by Mrs. Northrop as Ci/'ioctoniim scssUifoUa (T. & G.) Britton, proves to be better referable to this species. Mitkewort. 3. POLYPREMUM L. Sp. PL 111. 1753. A glabrous diffusely branched annual herb, with opposite linear-subulate leaves, their bases connected by a stipular membrane, and small white flowers in terminal bracted cymes. Calyx deeply 4-parted (rarely 5-parted), the seg- ments subulate. Corolla campanulate, bearded in the throat, shorter than the calyx, 4-lobed (rarely 5-lobed). Stamens 4 (rarely 5), inserted on the corolla, included; filaments short; anthers ovoid-globose. Ovules numerous, on oblong placentae; style short; stigma capitate or obscurely 2-lobed. Capsule slightly compressed, didymous, loculicidally 2-valved, the carpels at length septicidal. Seeds minute, smooth. [Greek, many-stemmed.] A monotypic genus. 1. Polypremum procumbens L. Sp. PI. 111. 1753. Stems tufted, somewhat rigid, 4-angled, 5-30 cm. long. Leaves 1-4 cm. long, 1-2 mm. wide, acute, sessile, minutely rough-toothed on the margins, often 22 330 GENTIANACEAE. ^Yitll smaller ones fascicled in their axils; flowers solitary, sessile in the forks of the cymes and along their branches, leafy-bracted; corolla 2 mm. long or less; capsule crustaceous, didymous, about 2 mm. in diameter, slightly 2-lobed, the lobes obtuse. Scrub-lands, Inagua at Matthew Town : — New Jersey to Kentucky, Florida, Mexico and Colombia ; Cuba ; Jamaica. Polypremum. Family 3. GENTIANACEAE Dumort. Gentian Family. Bitter mostly glabrous herbs, with opposite (rarely verticillate) estipii- late entire leaves, reduced to scales in Leiphaimos, and regular perfect floAvers in clusters, or solitary at the ends of the stem or branches. Calj^x inferior, persistent, 4-12-lobed, toothed or -divided (of 2 sepals in Oholaria), the lobes imbricated or not meeting in the bud. Corolla gamopetalous, often marcescent, 4— 12-lobed or -parted. Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla, alternate with them, inserted on the tube or throat; anthers 2- celled, longitudinally dehiscent. Disk none, or inconspicuous. Ovary superior in our genera, 1-celled or partly 2-celled; ovules numerous, anat- ropous or amphitropous; stigma entire, or 2-lobed, or 2-cleft. Capsule mostly dehiscent by 2 valves. Endosperm fleshy, copious; embryo small, terete or conic. About 70 genera and 700 species, widely distributed. Corolla-lobes convolute in the bud ; leaves broad or narrow. Stigmas roundish, much shorter than the style. Corolla-tube surpassing the calyx. 1. Centaurium. Corolla-tube much shorter than the calyx. 2, Eustoma. Stigmas linear or nearly so, about as long as the style. 3. Sahhatia. Corolla-lobes imbricated in the bud; leaves reduced to scales. 4. Leiphaimos. 1. CENTAURIUM Hill, Brit. Herbal 62. 1756. Herbs, mostly annual or biennial, with sessile or amplexicaul leaveSj and pink white or yellow flowers in cymes or spikes. Calyx tubular, 5-4-lobed or -divided, the lobes or segments narrow, keeled. Corolla salverform, 5-4-lobed, the lobes spreading, contorted, convolute in the bud. Stamens 5 or 4, inserted on the corolla tube; filaments short-filiform; anthers becoming spirally twisted. Ovary l-celled, the placentae sometimes intruded; style filiform; stigma 2-lobed. Capsule 2-valved. Seed-coat reticulated, [Latin, 100 gold pieces, referring to supposed medicinal value.] About 25 species, both in the Old World and the New. Type species: Gentiana Centaurium L. 1. Centaurium Brittonii Millsp. & Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 308. 1909. Annual, glabrous, much-branched, 5-18 cm. high, the branches very slender, quadrangular. Basal and lower leaves obtuse or oblong-spatulate ; upper leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate to linear, acute^ 1.8 em. long or less; peduncles nearly filiform, much longer than the upper leaves; flowers white with a yellowish eye, 3-5-parted (mostly 4-parted) ; calyx 5-6 mm. long, its segments narrowly linear, acute ; corolla 6-10 mm. long, its lobes oblong, about one-half as long as the tube; capsule linear-elliptic, 6-8 mm. long. Dry sandy roadsides and sandy edge of marshes, Eleuthera, Watling's and Great Exuma : — Anegada. Beitton's Cektauey. GENTIAN ACE AE. 331 2. EUSTOMA Salisb. Parad. Lond. pi. 34. 1806. Glabrous, often glaucous, annual herbs, -with opposite, sessile or clasping, entire leaves. Flowers large, blue, purple or -vvliite, long-peduncled. Calyx deeply 5-6-eleft, the lobes lanceolate, acuminate, keeled. CoroUa deeply 5-6- lobed, the lobes oblong or obovate, convolute in the bud. Stamens 5-6, inserted on the throat of the corolla; filaments filiform; anthers oblong, versatile. Ovary 1-celled; stigma 2-lamellate. Capsule 2-valved. Seeds small, numerous, foveolate. [Greek^ open-mouth, referring to the corolla.] Four or five species, natives of the southern United States, Mexico and the West Indies. Type species: Eustoma silenifoUum Salisb. 1. Eustoma exaltatum (L.) Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I. 422. 1861. Gentiana exaltata L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 331. 1762. Erect, slightly fleshy, 1-9 dm. high, large plants often much-branched and many-flowered, small plants simple and 1-flowered. Leaves oblong or oblong- lanceolate, somewhat clasping, sessile, 1.5-9 cm. long, the lower obtuse, the upper acute; calyx-lobes nearly filiform-acuminate, 1-2 cm. long; corolla blue or nearly white, sometimes light blue above and dark blue below within, 2-4 cm. broad, its lobes obovate, irregularly dentate; style about twice as long as the stigma-lobes; capsule olDlong, obtuse, 2-2.5 cm. long. Brackish borders of marshes and savannas. North Bimini, Andros, New Provi- dence, Great Exuma. Long Island, Cat Island and Acklin's : — Florida to Texas, Mexico and south to northern South America ; Cuba ; Hispaniola ; Jamaica. Marsh Gentian. 3. SABBATIA Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 503. 1763. Annual or biennial erect glabrous herbs, with opposite or sometimes verti- cillate, sessile or rarely petioled or clasping leaves, and terminal pink rose or white flowers. Calyx 4-12-parted or -divided, the tube campanulate, sometimes very short, the lobes or segments usually narrow. Corolla rotate, deeply 4-12- parted. Stamens 4-12, inserted on the short tube of the corolla; filaments fili- form short; anthers curved, revolute or coiled in anthesis. Ovary 1-celled, the placentae intruded; style 2-cleft or 2-parted, its lobes filiform, stigmatic along their inner sides. Capsule 2-valved, many-seeded. Seeds small, reticulated. [In honor of L. Sabbati, an Italian botanist.] About 18 species, natives of eastern North America, Mexico and the West Indies. Type species: Gentiana dodecandra L. Corolla 2-3 cm. wide, rose-pink; stigmas oblong-linear. 1. S. campnnnlata. Corolla less than 2 cm. wide, pure white; stigmas spatulate. 2. S. simulata. 1. Sabbatia campanulata (L.) Torrey, Fl. U. S. 1: 217. 1824. Chironia campanulata L. Sp. PI. 190. 1753. Sahhatia gracilis Salisb. Parad. Lond. pi. 32. 1806. Stem 3-6 dm. high. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, 2-4 cm. long, sessile, acute or the lowest much shorter, obtuse, oblong or oblanceolate, the uppermost almost filiform; flowers pink with a yellow eye, about 2.5 em. broad, mostly 5-parted; calyx-lobes filiform-linear, equalling the oblong-obovate corolla-segments, or somewhat shorter; stigmas oblong-linear; capsule obovoid, about 5 mm. high. Brackish marshes, Abaco and Great Bahama : — Eastern Massachusetts to Florida and Louisiana : — Cuba. Slender Marsh Bink. 332 MENYANTHACEAE. 2. Sabbatia simulata Britton,, Bull. X. Y. Bot. Gard. 3: 448. 1905. Similar to S. campanulata but more slender than that species and with smaller white flowers. Plant 4 dm. high or less, the upper leaves narrowly linear, 1-3 cm. long, about 1 mm. wide, the lower spatulate, acute, 4 cm. long or less, 2-5 mm. wide, the basal ones spatulate to orbicular; calyx-lobes nar- rowly linear, less than 1 mm. wide, nearly as long as the corolla or shorter; corolla 1-2 cm. broad, its segments oval, obtuse; capsule ovoid^ about 6 mm. long, tipped by the short style; stigmas narrowly spatulate. Savannas, palmetto-lands and edges of brackish pools, Abaco, Andros, New Providence, Eleuthera and Cat Island. Endemic. Referred by Mrs. Northrop and by Coker to S. campanulata (L.) Torr., and listed by Dolley as 8. gracilis Salisb. White Marsh Pink. 4. LEIPHAIMOS Schl. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 387. 1831. Small saprophytic pale simple-stemmed herbs, without chlorophyll, the stems white or yellowish, bearing opposite sessile scales or the lower scales alternate, the flowers terminal, cymose or solitary. Calyx bracteolate at the base, 4-5-toothed. Corolla salverform or funnelform, 4-5-lobed, small. Stamens 4 or 5, included ; filaments mostly short ; anthers introrse. Ovary 1-celled, with 2 parietal placentae; style one; stigma capitate or dilated. Capsule oblong or linear, septicidally dehiscent at the middle. [Greek, pallid.] About 20 species, mostly of tropical America, the following typical. 1. Leiphaimos parasitica Schl. &■ Cham. Linnaea 6: 387. 1831. Voyria mexicana Griseb. Gen. et Spec. Gent. 208. 1838. Stem somewhat fleshy^ whitish, 1-4 dm. high, erect, slender, simple or little-branched, bearing few opposite scales 3-5 mm. long. Calyx-lobes lanceo- late, obtuse ; corolla whitish or yellowish, 6-8 mm. long, its triangular acute lobes about one-fourth as long as the tube; capsule 5-6 mm. long. Floor of coppices in leaf mold. Abaco, Great Bahama, Andros, New Providence, Eleuthera. Watling's, Crooked Island and North Caicos : — Florida ; Cuba ; Jamaica ; Mexico. Leiphaimos. Family 4. MENYANTHACEAE G. Don. BucKBEAN Family. Perennial aquatic or marsh herbs, with basal or alternate leaves, and clustered regular perfect flowers. Calyx inferior, deeply 5-parted, per- sistent. Corolla 5-lobed or 5-eleft, the lobes induplicate-valvate, at least in the bud. Stamens 5, borne on the corolla, and alternate with its lobes; anther-sacs longitudinaly dehiscent; pollen-grains 3-angled. Ovary 1- celled, the 2 placentae sometimes intruded. Fruit a capsule, or indehiseent. Five genera and about 35 species, widely distributed. 1. NYMPHOIDES Hill, Brit. Herbal 77. 1756. [LiMNAXTHEMUM S. G. Gmel. Nov. Act. Acad. Petrop. 14^: 527. 1769.] Aquatic herbs, with slender rootstocks. Leaves petioled, ovate or orbicular, entire or repand, or the primary ones different; flowers yellow, or white, umbel- late at the summit of filiform stems at the bases of the petioles, or axillary. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla nearly rotate, deeply 5-cleft, the lobes induplicate- APOCYXACEAE. 333 valvate in the bud, sometimes fimbriate on the margins. Stamens 5, inserted on the base of the corolla; anthers sagittate, versatile. Ovary 1-celled; style short or none; stigma 2-lamellate. Capsule indehiscent or irregularly bursting. [Greek, resembling Nymphaea.] About 20 species, widely distributed. Type species: Nymphoides flava Plill. 1. Nymphoides aureum Britton. Limnanthemum aureum Britton, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 142. 1906. Rootstock 1 cm. thick, 3-4 cm. long. Stolons rather slender, purple-dotted, 2-3 dm. long, or longer, bearing a petioled floating leaf and an umbel of slender-pedicelled flowers at its summit but no tufts of tubers; leaves sub- peltate, floating, ovate-orbicular, 8 cm. long or less, entire, or irregularly repand, thick, dull-green above, purple and densely dotted beneath, the basal sinus narrow, acute, or the obtuse lobes somewhat overlapping; petioles stout, 2-4 cm, long, inserted on the leaf -blade 1-3 mm. from the sinus; umbel several-flowered; pedicels slender, 3-5 em. long in fruit; sepals oblong-lanceolate, acutish, 5-6 mm. long; corolla-segments about 8 mm. long, golden-yellow, their margins fimbriate; capsule oblong-ovoid, as long as the sepals; style subulate, per- sistent, 2-3 mm. long; seeds compressed-globose, wingless, smooth, 1 mm. broad and about one half as thick as wide. Ponds on Great Exuma, near Georgetown and on Andros near Nicholl's Town. Endemic. Bahama Floating Heart. Family 5. APOCYNACEAE Lindl. Dogbane Family. Perennial herbs, shrubs, vines, or some tropical genera trees, mostly with an acrid milky juice, with simple estipulate leaves, and perfect regu- lar 5-parted flow^ers. Calyx inferior, persistent, the lobes imbricated in the bud. Corolla gamopetalous, its lobes convolute in the bud and often twisted. Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla, alternate with them, inserted on the tube or throat; anthers 2-celled; pollen-grains simple. Ovary superior, or its base adherent to the calyx, of 2 distinct carpels, or 1-eelled, wdth 2 parietal placentae, or 2-celled ; ovules anatropous or amphit- ropous; style simple, or 2-divided; stigma simple. Fruit usually of 2 follicles or drupes. Seeds often appendaged ; endosperm fleshy ; embryo straight; radicle terete, usually shorter than the cotyledons. About I'SO genera and 1100 species, very widely distributed, mostly in tropical regions. Fruit follicular. Trees, shrubs, or shrubby herbs. Woody trees or shrubs. Seeds with a wing. 1. Plumicra. Seeds with a coma. 2. Xcohracca. Herbaceous plant, shrubby at the base. 3. Catharanthus. Vines ; seeds with a coma. Corolla-tube subcylindric. 4. Echitcs. Corolla-tube narrowly campanulate above the short, cylin- dric base. Calyx-lobes short. 5. Rhabdadenia. Calyx-lobes long, linear-acuminate. G. L'rcchites. Fruit fleshy. Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate ; corolla large, funnelform. 7. Cerbera. Leaves opposite or whorled : corolla small, salverforra. 8. Rautcolfia. Shrub; leaves alternate; corolla salverfoim. 9. Valleaia. 334 APOCYNACEAE. 1. PLUMIERA L. Sp. PI. 209. 1753. Trees or shrubs, with very stout brandies, copious milky sap, alternate petioled feather-veined leaves, and large bracted flowers in terminal, peduncled cymes. Calyx small, fleshy, 5-cleft, eglandular. Corolla salverform, the tube subeylindric, the 5 lobes sinistrorse. Stamens borne near the base of the corolla-tube, included; anthers obtuse, their sacs unappendaged. Carpels 2, distinct; ovules many in each carpel; style very short; stigma oblong, not annulate, obtusely 2-lobed at the apex. Follicles 2, coriaceous, usually linear and divaricate, many-seeded. Seeds flat, winged, the endosperm fleshy. [Com- memorates Charles Plumier, a distinguished French botanist, born 1646.] About 45 species, of tropical America. Type species: Plumiera rubra L. Leaves glabrous or very nearly so. Leaves obtuse or emarginate. Corolla-tube as long as the lobes ; leaves oblong to oblong- obovate. ]. P. ohtusa. Corolla-tube shorter than the lobes ; leaves obovate. 2. P. inaguensis. Leaves acute or mucronate. Leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate ; color of flowers unknown. 3. P. haJiainensis. Leaves broadly elliptic to obovate ; flowers red or purple. 4. P. rubra. Leaves densely pubescent beneath. 5. P. sericifoUa. 1. Plumiera obttisa L. Sp. PI. 210. 1753. A tree, 4-6 m. high, often flowering when not more than 1.5 m. high, the stout twigs, the leaves and the inflorescence glabrous. Leaves oblong to oblong- oblaneeolate or oblong-obovate, 7-20 cm. long, rounded or emarginate at the apex, mostly narrowed or somewhat cuneate at the base, the lateral veins nearly straight and rather widely spreading^ the slender petioles 2-6 cm. long; panicles few-several-flowered; peduncle as long as the leaves or shorter; pedicels short; calyx about 3 mm. long; corolla white with a yellow eye, the lobes obovate or oblong-obovate, rounded at the apex, 1.5-2 em. long, about as long as the tube; follicles 7-12 cm. long, about 1 cm. in diameter. Scrub-lands and coppices, Abaco and Great Bahama to Andros, Watling's, Provi- denciales, Caicos and Grand Turk : — Cuba ; Hispaniola ; Moua ; recorded from Jamaica. Hitchcock's Governor's Harbor specimen referred to P. emarginata is this species. Recorded by Schoepf as P. alba L, Bluxt-leaved Plumieea. Fkangi- PANNi. Catesby, 2 : pi. 93. 2. Plumiera inaguensis Britton, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3: 448. 1905. A glabrous tree, 5 m. high or less. Leaves obovate, rather thin, the blade 6-10 cm. long, 4-6 cm. wide^ emarginate or rounded at the apex, narrowed or cuneate at the base, dark green and shining above, bright green and dull beneath, the numerous veins diverging from the midrib at an angle of about 80°, the midrib impressed on the upper surface, elevatted beneath; petioles stout, 1-2 cm. long; peduncle stout, 4-10 cm. long; cyme compound, 8 cm. broad or less, densely many-flowered; pedicels slender, 8-12 mm. long; calyx short- campanulate, slightly 5-lobed, the lobes broad, rounded; corolla white^ its tube slender, about 1 cm. long, its 5 lobes narrowly obovate, rounded or slightly emarginate, somewhat longer than the tube; stamens about one-third the length of the corolla- tube ; follicles linear, terete, 9 cm. long, 8 mm. in diameter. Scrub-lands, Fortune Island and the Inaguas. Endemic. Ixagua Plumieea. 3. Pulmiera bahamensis Urban, Symb. Ant. 1: 387. 1900. A small tree, about 3 m. high, the twigs about 1 cm. thick. Leaves lanceo- late or linear-lanceolate, glabrous, 8-16 cm. long, 1-3.5 cm. wide, chartaceous, acute or acuminate at the apex, narrowed at the base, the midvein impressed APOCYNACEAE. 335 above, prominent beneath, the lateral veins numerous, straight ascending; fol- licles {Brcce no. 4275 from Acklin's island, the type locality) about 10 cm. long and 12 mm. in diameter; corolla {Brace, Fortune Island) about 2 cm. broad, the slender tube about as long as the lobes. Rocky scrub-lands, Acklin's and Fortune Islands. Endemic. Bahama Plumieka. 4. Plumiera rubra L. Sp, PI. 209. 1753. A tree, 5-8 m. high, the young twigs, peduncles and pedicels pubescent. Leaves elliptic-oblong to elliptic-obovate, 1.5-4 dm. long, acute or short-acumi- nate at the apex, narrowed at the base, glabrous on both sides, the lateral veins rather distant and widely spreading, the petioles 3-6 cm. long; panicles several- many-flowered, mostly shorter than the leaves; pedicels stout, thickened above, 1.5-3 cm. long; calyx about 3 mm. long; corolla purple or red, 5-7 cm. broad, the tube rather shorter than the limb, the lobes broadly elliptic, obtuse ; follicles 1.5-2.5 cm. long, about 2.5 cm. in diameter. Open scrub-lands, Mangrove Cay : — Porto Rico to Trinidad ; Jamaica. Jessa- mine. Spanish Jasmine. Red Plumieba. Red Frangipanni. 5. Plumiera sericifolia C. Wright; Griseb. Cat. PI. Cub. 171. 1866. A small tree, sometimes 5 m. high, the stout twigs pubescent when young. Leaves oblong or oblong-obovate, coriaceous, 7-15 cm. long, emarginate or rounded at the apex, narrowed or obtuse at the base, dark green and glabrous or nearly so above, pale and densely pubescent beneath, the stout pubescent petioles 1-4 cm. long; peduncles stout, pubescent, 1-2.5 dm. long; cymes several-many-flowered; pedicels about 1 cm. long or less; calyx-teeth very short, broad; corolla white, the sparingly pubescent tube about 1.5 cm. long, the nar- rowly obovate or oblong, obtuse lobes 1.5-2 cm. long; follicles glabrous, 2 dm. long or less. Scrub-lands, Inagua : — Cuba. Hairy Plumiera. 2. NEOBRACEA Britton. [Bracea Britton, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Card. 3: 448. 1905. Not King. 1898.] A shrub, with thick oblanceolate or oblong petioled leaves. Flowers solitary or two together in the upper axils, white or reddish, peduncled. Calyx deeply 5-cleft, its lobes narrowly lanceolate, acute. Corolla nearly salverform, the short tube slightly and gradually dilated above, about as long as the 5 obliquely ovate lobes. Stamens 5, borne near the base of the corolla-tube; filaments short; anthers sagittate, hairy on the back. Follicles long-linear, slightly torulose. Seeds comose. [In honor of L. J. K. Brace, a diligent collector of the Bahamian flora.] A monotypic genus. 1. Neobracea bahamensis Britton. Bracea lahamensis Britton, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Card. 3: 448. 1905. About 1 m. high, with grayish brown branches leafy only near the ends, the young twigs pubescent. Leaves firm in texture, revolute-margined, oblong- oblanceolate, obtuse or slightly emarginate at the apex, narrowed at the base, 4-10 em. long, 1-2.5 cm. wide, bright green above, densely and finely tomentose with the veins prominently reticulated beneath; petioles 4-7 mm. long; flowers appearing with the leaves; peduncles tomentose, about 1 cm. long; calyx-lobes tomentose, 3 mm. long; corolla white with a reddish throat, pubescent outside, smooth within, about 2 cm. broad; follicles 15 cm. long or less, 2 mm. thick, pubescent, striate, pendent. 336 APOCYNACEAE. Coastal thickets, pine-lands and borders of bracliish swamps, Great Rahama, Andres, New Providence, Cat Island, Great Exuma, Fortune Island and Crooked Island. Endemic. Bahama Neobkacea. 3. CATHARANTHUS G. Don, Gen. Syst. 4: 95. 1838. Herbs or low shrubs, -with opposite leaves, and large axillary flowers, soli- tary or 2 together. Calyx eglandular, 5-cleft^ the lobes narrow. Corolla salver- form^ its eylindric tube slightly enlarged above, its 5 broad lobes sinistrorse. Stamens included; anthers not appendaged. Disk of 2 large glands. Carpels 2, distinct; style very slender; stigma thick, pilose; ovules many in each carpel. Follicles narrowly eylindric, many-seeded. Seeds small, unappendaged. [Greek, pure flower.] Three known species, the following typical one native of tropical America, widely distributed through cultivation, one East Indian, the other of Madagascar. 1. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don, Gen. Syst. 4: 95. 1838. Vinca rosea L. Syst. ed. 10, 944. 1759. Ammocallis rosea Small, El. SE. U. S. 936. 1903. Somewhat woody, usually branched, pubescent, 8 dm. high or less. Leaves oblong to oblong-oblanceolate, 3-8 cm. long, obtuse or retuse at the aj)ex, mucronulate, narrowed at the base into short petioles; peduncles very short, pubescent ; calyx-lobes linear-subulate, 3-4 mm long, pubescent ; corolla white or pink, the finely pubescent tube 2.5-3 cm. long, the oblique lobes somewhat shorter than the tube; follicles eylindric, pubescent, 2-3 cm. long. Waste grounds, naturalized, Great Cay. Andros, New Providence, Eleuthera, Cat Island, Acklin's, Long Island, Grand Turk, Salt Cay and Inagua : — Florida ; West Indies ; continental tropical America, Old World tropics. Erroneously called Tulip and Sweet William. Red Periwinkle. Old Maid. 4. ECHITES Jacq. Enum. 2, 13. 1760. Twining, somewhat woody vines, with opposite petioled leaves, and rather large flowers in cymes. Calyx 5-lobed, glandular. Corolla salverform, the eylindric tube somewhat swollen, the lobes spreading. Stamens included, the anthers appendaged at the base. Fruit of 2 spreading follicles, many-seeded. [Greek, an adder, referring to the twining stem.] About 40 species, of tropical and subtropical America. Type species: Taberjiaemontana Echites L. 1. Echites Echites (L.) Britton; Small, Fl. Miami 147. 1913. Tahernaemontana Echites L. Syst. ed. 10, 945. 1759. Echites umbellata Jacq. Enum. 13. 1760. A glabrous, somew^hat woody vine, 1-2 m, long, the stems sometimes warty below. Leaves rather thick, ovate or broadly elliptic, 3-10 cm. long, short- petioled, pinnately veined ; cymes axillary, few-flowered, peduncled ; pedicels stout, 1-2.5 cm. long; calyx 1.5-2.5 mm. long, its lobes ovate-lanceolate, acute; corolla greenish white, its tube 4-6 cm. long, eylindric below, swollen at about the middle, narrowed above, its lobes obliquely obovate, 1-2.5 cm. long; anthers acuminate; follicles spreading, 1-2 dm. long, subcylindric. Scrub-lands and sandy places, throughout the archipelago from Abaco and Great Bahama to East Caicos, Grand Turk. Inagua, Anguilla Isles and Water Cay : — Florida ; Cuba to Porto Rico ; .Jamaica. Devil's Potato-eoot. Wild Potato. Rub- BER-viXE. Danish. Catesby, 1 : pi. 58. APOCYNACEAE. 337 5. RHABDADENIA Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6^: 173. 1860. Woody vines, rarely erect shrubs, with opposite petioled leaves, and large flowers in small racemes or solitary. Calyx 5-cleft., Corolla tubular-campanu- late, with a short cylindric base and a spreading 5-lobed limb, the lobes broad, dextrorse. Stamens short, includedj borne near the top of the corolla-tube; anthers oblong, connivent around the stigma, the sacs with short obtuse ap- pendages at the base. Carpels 2^ distinct; style slender; stigma thick, its base dilated into a reflexed membrane; ovules many in each carpel. Follicles linear, parallel or little divergent, many-seeded. Seeds linear, comose. [Greek, wand- gland, probably referring to the fruit.] About 10 species^ of Florida, the West Indies and South America. Type species: FJiahdadenia Pohlii Muell. Arg. Corolla white; leaves slender-petioled. 1. R. paludosa. Corolla yellow ; leaves very sliort-petioled. 2. R. Sayraei. 1. Rhabdadenia paludosa (Vahl) Miers. Apoc. S. Am. 119. 1878. Echites paludosa A^ahl, Eclog. 2: 19. 1798. A glabrous, somewhat woody vine, often 6 m. long or longer. Leaves oblong or ellijDtic, slightly fleshy^ 3-9 cm. long, obtuse or acutish and mucronate at the apex, mostly narrowed at the base, faintly pinnately veined, the slender petioles 8-15 mm. long; cymes long-peduncled, 1-few-flowered; pedicels slender; calyx-segments narrowly oblong, 6-9 mm. long, apiculate, one-third to one-half as long as the narrowly cylindric part of the corolla-tube; corolla Avhite, 5-6 cm. long, the limb about 4 cm. wide; follicles linear, 10-16 cm. long, about 4 mm, thick. Mangrove swamps, Great Bahama, Andres, New Providence and Crooked Island : — ^Florida ; Cuba ; Hispaniola ; Jamaica ; western tropical continental America. Referred by Schoepf and Mrs. Northrop to Echites hifJora Jacq. and by Coker and by Small to RhaJjcladtnia Mtiora (Jacq.) Muell. Arg. Mangrg^-e Swamp Vine. 2. Rhabdadenia Sagraei (A. DC.) Muell. Arg. Linnaea 30: 435. 1860. Echites Sagraei A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 450. 1844. A slender, slightly woody vine, usually less than 1 m. long, pubescent above. Leaves oblong, 1-3 cm. long, subeoriaceous, faintly pinnately veined, obtuse and mucronulate at the apex, obtuse, rounded or subcordate at the base, the margins somewhat revolute, the petioles 1-2 mm long; cymes few-several-flowered; pedicels very slender; calyx-segments ovate, acute, 1.5-3 mm. long, one-fourth to one-third as long as the linear cylindric part of the corolla ; corolla bright yellow, 2-3 cm. long, the limb about 2 cm. wide; follicles linear, 7-11 cm. long, 1.5-2 mm. thick. Scrub-lands, coppices and pine-lands, Abaco and Great Bahama to Andros and Mariguana and North Caicos : — Cuba. Lice-rogt. Echites jamuiccnsis Griseb., recorded from the Bahamas by Grisebach as col- lected by Swainson. is otherwise unknown to us from the archipelago. It may have been mistaken for the preceding species. 6. URECHITES Muell. Arg. Linnaea 30: 440. 1860. Somewhat woody, twining vines, with opposite petioled leaves, and large mostly yellow, cymose flowers. Calyx-lobes 5, narrow; calyx-tube 5-glandular within. Corolla cylindric below, expanded into a narrowly campanulate throat, the limb 5-lobed, somewhat spreading. Anthers appendaged at the base, partly adherent to the stigma. Fruit of '2 long, linear follicles. Seeds narrow. 338 APOCYNACEAE. eomose. [Greek, tailed-E cTiites.] A few species, of tropical America. Type species: Urechites Karicinskii Muell. Arg. 1. Urechites lutea (L.) Britton, Bull. X. Y. Bot. Gard. 5: 316. 1907. Vinca lutea L. Cent. PL 2: 12. 1756. Echites suberecta Jaeq. Enum. 13. 1760. Echites Cateshaei G. Don, Gen. Syst. 4: 74. 1838. Echites Andrewsii Chapm. Fl. So. U. S. 359. 1860. Urechites Andrewsii Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 936. 1903. Echites neriandra Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I. 415. 1861. Pubescent or glabrous, slender, often 3 m. long or more. Leaves oblong to obovate or suborbicular, herbaceous, 2-8 em. long dark green above, pale green beneath, mostly obtuse at the apex and narrowed at the base, the slender petioles about 1 cm. long; cymes few-several-flowered; pedicels slender; calyx- lobes narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, 8-12 mm, long; corolla yellow, 3-4 cm. long; anthers mostly tipped by filiform appendages; follicles linear, 10-15 cm. long, 4-5 mm. thick. Scrub-lands and coppices, throughout the archipelago from Abaco and Great Bahama to Andros, Grand Turk and Inagua : — Florida ; Cuba to Tortola and St. Kitts ; Jamaica. Species composed of several races, the foliage and inflorescence either glabrous or pubescent, the flowers differing much in size and the pods much in length. Wild Unction, Catesby's Vine. Catesby 2 : pi. 53. 7. CERBERA L, Sp. PI. 208. 1753. Glabrous trees or shrubs, with alternate, 1-nerved and pinnately veined leaves, and large yellow flowers in terminal, peduncled cymes. Calyx 5-parted, many-glandular within at the base. Corolla funnelform, the tube cylindric below, bearing pilose scales at the top within, abruptly expanded into a cam- panulate throat, the 5 broad rounded lobes sinistrorse. Stamens borne with the scales at the top of the tube; anther-sacs unappendaged. Disk wanting. Ovary 2-lobed, 2-celled; style filiform; stigma discoid, its small tip 2-lobed; ovules 2 in each cavity of the ovary. Fruit a compressed drupe, broader than high, the flesh thin, the bony endocarp 2-celled. Seeds with a thick testa and no endosperm. [Xamed for Cerberus, the three-headed dog of mythology.] About 7 species, natives of tropical America. Type species: Cerhera Ahouai L. 1. Cerbera Thevetia L. Sp. PI. 209. 1753. Thevetia nereifolia Juss. ; Steud. Nom. ed. 2, 2: 680. 1841. Thevetia Thevetia Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 83. 1900. A shrub or small tree up to about 10 m. high, glabrous throughout, the twigs rather stout, densely leafy. Leaves linear, 7-15 cm. long, 5-10 mm. wide, narrowed at both ends, very nearly sessile, bright green and shining above, rather dull beneath, the midvein prominent, the lateral venation obscure ; calyx-segments about 7 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate ; corolla yellow, about 7 cm. long, funnelform with the tube shorter than the limb ; drupe triangular-compressed, 3-4 cm. broad, about 2 cm. high, and 1-1.5 cm. thick, nearly truncate^ the flesh thin. Thickets, spontaneous after cultivation. New Providence near Nassau : — Florida ; Cuba to Porto Rico and Grenada ; .Jamaica ; continental tropical America, Lucky- nut. Cathartic-bark. 'French Trumpet-flower. Luck-seed. APOCYNACEAE. 339 8. RAUWOLFIA L. Sp. PI. 208. 1753. Shrubs or trees with ^Yho^led or opposite leaves, and small flowers in peduncled cymes. Calyx eglandular, 5-cleft or 5-parted. Corolla salverform, the tube subcylindric, the 5 lobes sinistrorse. Stamens included; anthers ob- tuse, their sacs not appendaged. Disc annular or cup-shaped. Carpels 2, dis- tinct or connate; style filiform; stigma thick, annular or with a reflexed mem- brane at the base; ovules 2 in each carpel. Fruit of 2 drupes, usually connate, the fruit thus usually emarginate and 2-grooved. Seeds ovoid with fleshy endosperm. [Commemorates Leonh. Eauwolf. a German botanist.] Forty species or more, natives of tropical regions and of South America. Type species: Eaiiivolfia tetraphylla L. 1. Rauwolfia tetraphylla L. Sp. PI. 208. 1753. Raiiivolfia nitida Jacq. Enum. 14. 1760. A glabrous shrub or tree, up to 20 m. high, the twigs slender. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, verticillate in 4's or some of them oppo- site, acuminate or acute at the apex, tapering at the base, shining above, rather dull beneath, the lateral veins numerous, widely spreading, the petioles 6-12 mm. long; peduncles shorter than the leaves; cymes many-flowered; pedicels very short; calyx 5-lobed, 2 mm. long, its lobes ovate; corolla white, its tube cylindric, 2-3 times as long as the calyx, its lobes about one-half as long as the tube; fruit 1-1.5 cm. broad, 8-10 mm. high, red, its lobes ovoid, rounded. Coastal thickets and scrub-lands, New Providence, at Delaport : — Cuba to Tortola and St. Croix ; Jamaica ; recorded from St. Bart's. Smooth Rauwolfia. 9. VALLESIA E. & P. Fl. Per. 2: 26. 1799. Branching shrubs or small trees, with alternate, short-petioled leaves, the small flowers in long-peduncled cymes opposite the leaves. Calyx 5-lobed, the lobes short. Corolla salverform, the tube swollen above, constricted at the mouth, the 5 equilateral lobes shorter than the tube, sinistrorsely convolute. Anthers unappendaged, free from the stigma, cordate; filaments borne on the corolla-throat. Stigma clavate. Fruit a 1-2-seeded drupe. Seeds naked. [Commemorates Francisco Valles, physician to Philip II. of Spain.] Two known species, the following typical. 1. Vallesia glabra (Cav.) Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. 1: 207. 1821. Bamcolfia glabra Cav. Ic. 3: 50. 1794. Vallesia dichotoma R. & P. Fl. Per. 2: 26. 1799. A glabrous shrub or small tree, 6 m. high or less, the slender branches sometimes elongated and vine-like. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, some- what fleshy, shining above, dull beneath, 3-6 cm. long, short-petioled, mostly acute at both ends; cymes few-several-flowered, often forked; pedicels slender; calyx about 1 mm. long, its lobes ovate, acute; corolla white, about 6 mm. long, its narrow^ lobes one-third to one-half as long as the tube ; fruit oblong, rounded at apex, narrowed at the base, about 10 mm. long and 4 mm. thick. Scrub-lands and white-lands New^ Providence. Rose Island, Eleuthera, Cat Island, Conception Island. Great Exuma, Long Island and Anguilla Isles : — Florida ; Cuba ; Jamaica ; tropical Mexico to Bolivia. Vallesia. 340 ASCLEPIADACEAE. Family 6. ASCLEPIADACEAE Lindl. Milkweed Family. Perennial herbs, vines or shrubs, mostly with milky juice, with esti- pulate leaves, and cymose or umbellate, perfect regular flowers. Calyx inferior, its tube very short, or none, its segments imbricated or separate in the bud. Corolla campanulate, urceolate, rotate or funnelform, 5-lobed or 5-cleft, the segments commonly reflexed. A 5-lobed or 5-parted crown (corona) between the corolla and the stamens and adnate to one or the other. Stamens 5, inserted on the corolla; filaments short, stout, mostly monadelphous, or distinct; anthers attached by their bases to the filaments, introrsely 2-celled, connivent around the stigma, or more or less united with each other ; anther-sacs tipped with an inflexed or erect scarious membrane, or unappendaged at the top, sometimes appendaged at the base; pollen coherent into waxy or granular masses, one or rarely two such masses in each sac, connected with the stigma in pairs or fours, by 5 glandular cor- puscles alternate with the anthers. Disk none. Ovary of 2 carpels; styles 2, short, connected at the summit by the peltate discoid stigma; ovules numerous in each carpel, mostly anatropous, pendulous. Fruit of 2 follicles. Seeds compressed, usually appendaged by a long coma; endosperm carti- laginous; embryo nearly as long as the seed; cotyledons flat. About 220 genera and 2,000 species of wide distribution. PoUinia granular ; vines. 1. Crjjptostegia. Pollinia waxy. Erect herbs, shrubs or trees. Corona-segments with an internal horn. 2. Asclepias. Corona-segments spurred on the back. 3. Calotropis. Vines. Corona simple. 4. Metastelma. Corona double. 5. Philibertella. 1. CRYPTOSTEGIA E. Br. Bot. Eeg. pi 435. 1820. Glabrous, high-climbing vines, ^ritli broad opposite leaves and large flowers in terminal cymes. Calyx 5-parted, the segments lanceolate. Corolla funnelform, the tube short, the throat campanulate, the limb 5-lobed, the lobes dextrorsely twisted; corona-scales 5, subulate, entire or 2-lobed. Stamens borne at the base of the corolla-tube; filaments filiform, short; anthers connivent around the convex stigma, acute; pollen granular, the grains cohering in small masses. Follicles thick, woody, divergent, ribbed and 3-winged. Seeds comose. [Greek, hidden integument.] Two known species, the following typical, the other native of Madagascar. 1. Cryptostegia grandiflora E. Br. Bot. Eeg. pi. 435. 1820. A stout vine, 2 m. long or longer, the twigs glabrous or nearly so. Leaves elliptic, subcoriaceous, 5-9 em. long, acute or short-acuminate at the apex, obtuse or somewhat narrowed at the base, glabrous on both sides, the rather stout petioles 1-2 cm. long; inflorescence puberulent; cymes few-several-flow^- ered; sepals broadly lanceolate, acuminate, puberulent, about 1.5 cm. long; corolla pink-purple without, white within, 5-6 cm. long, its lobes ovate; follicles widely divergent, glabrous, pointed, 10-12 cm. long. Scrub-lands, escaped from cultivation, New Providence and Inagua : — Escaped from cultivation in Cuba and in Florida. Native home unknown, probably East In- dian. RUBBER-VIXE. ASCLEPIADACEAE. 341 2. ASCLEPIAS L. Sp. PI. 214. 1753. Perennial herbs, with entire leaves, and middle-sized or small flowers in umbels. Calyx 5-parted or 5-divided, usually small, the segments or sepals acute, often glandular within. Corolla deeply 5-parted, the segments mostly valvate, reflexed in anthesis. Corona-column generally present. Corona of 5 concave hoods, each bearing within a slender or subulate incurved horn. Fila- ments connate into a tube; anthers tipped with an inflexed membrane, winged, the wings broadened below the middle; pollen-masses solitary in each sac, pendulous on their caudicles. Stigma nearly flat, 5-angled or 5-lobed. Follicles acuminate. Seeds comose in all but one species. [Dedicated to ^sculapius.J About 95 species, mostly natives of the New World. Type species: Asclepias syriaca L. 1. Asclepias curassavica L. Sp. PI. 215. 1753. Asclepias curassavica concolor Krug & Urban; Urban, Symb. Ant. 1: 389. 1899. Glabrous, or finely pubescent above, 8 dm. high or less. Leaves opposite, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, thin, 5-12 cm. long, acute or acuminate, the petioles 5-15 mm. long; umbels usually several, few-several-flowered; pedicels 1-2 cm. long; corolla-lobes led-purple, 6-8 mm. long, ovate to oblong; column distinct; hoods erect, ovate, about 4 mm. high, obtuse, flattened, shorter than the flat, curved horn; fruiting pedicels erect; follicles fusiform, glabrous or minutely pubescent, 3-10 cm. long; seeds 6 mm. long, the coma 3-4 mm. long. Waste grounds and coppices, Abaco, Great Bahama, Andros, New Providence and Eleutliera, ttirougliout the archipelago to Grand Turk and Inagua : — Bermuda ; Flor- ida and Louisiana : West Indies and continental tropical America ; Old World trop- ics. Recorded by Herrick and by Dolley as A. pauperciaa. Wild Ipecac. Hippo. 3. CALOTROPIS E. Br. in Ait. f. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 2: 78. 1811. Shrubs or trees, with broad, nearly sessile, opposite leaves, and rather large flowers in terminal or axillary umbel-like cymes. Calyx 5-parted, bearing several-many glands at the base within. Corolla subrotate, 5-cleft, with broad lobes; corona-scales 5, fleshy, adnate to the stamen-tube, lobed or toothed, short-spurred. Stamens borne at the base of the corolla; filaments connate, forming a short tube; anthers tipped by an inflexed membrane; pollinia soli- tary in each sac, pendulous. Follicles thick, pointed. Seeds comose. [Greek, beautiful keel.] Three species, natives of the Old World tropics, the following typical. 1. Calotropis procera (Ait.) K. Br. in Ait. f. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 2: 78. 1811. Asclepias procera Ait. Hort. Kew. 1: 305, 1789. Arboreous, 1-5 m. high, branched, with the aspect of a gigantic herb. Leaves obovate-oblong to broadly elliptic or nearly orbicular, mostly cuspidate at the apex, cordate at the base, white-felted when young, glabrous when old; the stout petiole 1 cm. long or less; cymes 5-8 cm. broad, several-many-flow- ered, on stout peduncles 4-8 cm. long; pedicels 1-3 cm. long; calyx-segments ovate, about 4 mm. long; corolla white, tinged with red, 2-2.5 cm. broad; follicles swollen, 3-8 cm. long. Fields and waste places, spontaneous after cultivation. New Providence, Eleu- thera, Little San Salvador, Cat Island, Long Island, Fortune Island, East Caicos, Dellis' Cay, Salt Cay and Grand Turk : — West Indies and continental tropical Amer- ica ; Old 'World tropics. Giant Milk-weed. St. Thomas Bush. Wild Down. Wild Cotton. 342 ASCLEPIADACEAE. 4. METASTELMA R. Br. Mem. Wern. Soc. 1 : 52. 1809. Slender perennial vines, with small opposite leaves, and small white or greenish flowers in axillary cymes. Calyx-lobes 5, usually with a gland in each sinus. Corolla subrotate or campanulate, rather deeply 5-lobed. Corona simple, 5-parted, its segments narrow. Pollinia waxy. Gynostegium sessile or stipitate. Stigma flat. Follicles small, slender, smooth. [Greek^ referring to the parted corona.] Fifty species or more, natives of tropical and subtropical America. Type species: Cynanchum parvifiorum Sw. Gynostegium long-stipitate. 1, M.NortJiromae Gynostegium sessile or subsessile. Corona longer than the gynostegium. 2. M. hamatum Corona as long as the gynostegium or shorter. Corolla-lobes papillose-pubescent or villous within. Corolla-lobes papillose-pubescent within. Leaves ovate to oblong or lanceolate. 3. M. hahamense Leaves oblanceolate to spatulate. 4. M. inaguense ' Corolla-lobes villous within. Leaves linear to linear-oblong. Leaves elongated-linear, 1.5 mm. wide. Leaves linear to linear-oblong, 2-3 mm. wide. 5. M. Unearifolium. Leaves obovate to spatulate. 6. M. barhatum. Corolla-lobes glabrous ; cymes long-peduncled ; corolla- 7. M. Eggersii. lobes acute ; leaves linear. 8. M. palustre. 1. Metastelma Northropiae Schltr. in Urban, Symb. Ant. 5: 468. 1908. A slender glabrous vine, 1-2 m. long. Leaves ovate to oblong or oblong- lanceolate, 1.5-3 cm. long, acute at the apex, rounded or narrowed at the base, the slender petiole 3-8 mm. long; cymes few-flowered, on peduncles about as long as the petioles; calyx-lobes ovate, obtuse or acutish; corolla about 5 mm. long, 5-lobed, glabrous without, pubescent within, its lobes oblong, obtuse; gynostegium long-stipitate; corona-segments linear, acute; follicles linear, glabrous, 5-6 cm. long. White-lands, coppices and scrub-lands. Andros and Great Bahama to Cat Island and Little San Salvador ; Florida : Cliba. Referred by Mrs. Northrop to M. hahamense Griseb., which it much resembles, except in its long-stipitate gynos- tegium. NORTHEOP'S META.STELMA. 2. Metastelma hamatum Griseb. Cat. PI. Cub. 173. 1866. A slender glabrous vine. Leaves ovate to oblong or linear, acute at the apex, rounded or narrowed at the base, 1-2 cm. long, 2-7 mm. wide, the petiole 2-6 mm. long; cymes few-flowered, short-peduncled ; calyx-lobes ovate, obtuse or acutish; corolla deeply 5-lobed, the lobes oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or acutish, puberulent within; corona-segments linear-lanceolate, about twice as long as the sessile gynostegium. \Yhite-lands and rocky soil, Cat Cay, Little Inagua, Castle Island, Caicos Is- lands, Grand Turk : — Cuba. 3. Metastelma bahamense Griseb. Cat. PI. Cub. 174. 1866. Metasfelmn cubense Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I. 417. 1861. Not Dene. 1844. Epicion hahamense Small, Fl. Miami 149, 200. 1912. A slender glabrous vine, sometimes 3 m. long. Leaves oblong, ovate or oblong-lanceolate, 1-3 em. long, acute or mucronate at the apex, mostly rounded at the base, the petiole 3-7 mm. long; cymes few-several-flowered, short-peduncled; calyx-lobes oblong to ovate, acutish or obtuse; corolla deeply 5-eleft, 3-5 mm. long, its lobes oblong, papillose-puberulent on the inner side; corona-segments oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, about as long as the short- stipitate gynostegium; follicles linear, 4-7 cm. long. Scrub-lands and white-lands, throughout the archipelago from Abaco and the Berry Islands to Mariguana and the Anguilla Isles. — Florida ; Cuba. Prof. Coker's doubtful record of M. hrachystephanttm Griseb. probably refers to this species ; his specimen is imperfect. Referred by Hitchcock to M. SchlechtendahlU Dene. Bahama Metastelma. ASCLEPIADACEAE. 343 4. Metastelma inaguense Vail, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 142. 1906. A glabrous vine. Stems slender, terete; leaves 2-4 cm. long, obovate, oblong-obovate or linear-obovate to linear-oblanceolate, obtuse, rounded and apiculate at the apex, tapering to a short petiole (or when linear-lanceolate acute at each end); cymes short-peduneled; calyx-segments ovate, obtuse, glabrous; corolla deeply 5-parted, the segments 3-3.5 mm. long, oblong or linear-oblong, obtuse, glabrous outside, papillose-puberulent except in the center and towards the base within; corona-segments subulate, acute. Scrub-lands, snntl-dunes and white-lands. Conception Island, Watling's Is- land and Inagua. Endemic. Inagua Metastelma. 5. Metastelma linearifolium A. Eich. in Sagra, Hist. Cub. 11: 96. 1850. A very slender glabrous vine, 3-10 dm. long. Leaves narrowly linear, 2-4 cm. long, 1-1.5 mm. wide^ acute, the petioles 1-2 mm. long; cymes umbel-like, several-flowered, short-peduncled, the flowers short-pedicelled; calyx-segments ovate, obtuse; corolla white, campanulate, about 3 mm. long, deeply 5-lobed, the lobes oblong, obtuse, white-villous on the inner side; corona-segments about half as long as the nearly sessile gyhostegium ; follicles about 5 cm. long. Pine-lands, Great Bahama, at Eight Mile Rocks : — Cuba. Narrow-lb.\ved Metastelma. 6. Metastelma barbatum Northrop, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club 12: 58. 1902. A slender glabrous vine, 1 m. long or less. Leaves linear, linear-lanceolate, or linear-oblong, 1-3.5 cm. long, acute or obtuse and cuspidate at the apex, obtuse at the base, the petioles 2-4 mm. long; cymes few-several-flowered, short-peduncled; pedicels 1-3 mm. long; calyx-lobes ovate, obtuse; corolla greenish-white, deeply 5-eleft, the lobes oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, densely vil- lous within; corona-segments ligulate, about as long as the gynostegium; follicles slender, 3-4 cm. long. Borders of brackish marshes and savannas, coppices and pine-lands, Great Ba- hama, Andros and New Providence. Endemic. 7. Metastelma Eggersii iSehltr. in Urban, Symb. Ant. 1: 258. 1899. A rather stout vine, sometimes 2 m. long, the branches glabrous or densely puberulent, often flexuous, somewhat woody. Leaves oblong-spatulate to obo- vate, 0.7-1.5 cm. long, obtuse or retuse at the apex,^ narrowed at the base, glabrous, subcoriaceous, usually fascicled, the midvein distinct, the lateral venation obscure, the petioles very short; flowers mostly solitary in the axils, yellowish-green or whitish, the glabrous or puberulent pedicels about as long as the calyx; calyx-lobes oblong, obtuse; corolla-lobes oblong^ obtuse, villous within, 3—1 mm. long; corona-segments lanceolate; follicles 3-4 cm. long. White-lands and scrub-lands. Whale Cay, Eleuthera, Cat Island, Mariguana, Atwood Cay, Great Ragged Island, Fortune Island, Castle Island, Crooked Island, Caicos Islands, Grand Turk and Inagua. Endemic. Referred to by Dolley as Oxy- petahim sp. Eggers' Metastelma. 8. Metastelma palustre (Pursh) Schltr. in Urban, Symb. Ant, 1: 258. 1899. Ceropegia palustris Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 1: 184. 1814. Lijonia maritima Ell. Bot. S. €. & Ga. 1: 316. 1817. Seutera maritima Dene, in DC. Prodr. 8: 590. 1844. Vincetoxicum palustre A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2^: 102. 1878. Lyonia palustris Small, Fl. Miami 149, 200. 1912. A slender glabrous vine, 5-10 dm. long. Leaves narrowly linear, acute, short-petioled, 2-8 cm. long, 1.5-3 mm. wide; peduncles slender, mostly shorter • than the leaves; cymes several-flowered; calyx 2-2.5 mm. long^ its lobes lance- olate or ovate-lanceolate, acute; corolla purplish or greenish-white, about 8 344 ASCLEPIADACEAE. mm. broad, its lobes ovate, acuminate; crown-lobes 1.5-2 mm. long, retuse; anther-wings 1 mm. long; follicles 4.5-7 cm. long, slender, about 5 mm. thick. Borders of salinas and salt marshes, Frozen Cay, Andres, New Providence, Eleuthera, Cat Island, Watling's, Long Island, Fortune Island. Mariguana, Green Cay and Inagua : — North Carolina to Florida and Texas ; Cuba. Marsh Metastelma. 5. PHILIBERTELLA Vail, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 305. 1897. Twining vines, with opposite leaves and cymose axillary flowers, their buds 5-angled. Calyx small, 5-parted. Corolla subrotate or widely campanu- late, 5-lobed. Corona double, the exterior one annular, adnate to the base of the corolla, the interior one of 5 scales. Stamens borne on the base of the corolla, the filaments united into a short tube, the anthers with a terminal inflexed membrane. Pollinia solitary in each cell, oblong, waxy. Follicles elongated, smooth. [Commemorates J. C. Philibert.] About 30 species of tropical and subtropical America. Type species: PhiliberteUa clausa (Jacq.) Vail. 1. PhiliberteUa clausa (Jacq.) Vail, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 306. 1897. Asclepias clausa Jacq. Enum. 17. 1760. Sarcosiemma Brownei Meyer; Spreng. Syst. 1: 854. 1825. PMlibertia clausa Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzf. 4-: 229. 1895. A somewhat fleshy, herbaceous vine often 3 m. long or longer. Leaves ob- long to oblong-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, short-petioled, 3-8 cm. long, glabrous, acute or acuminate at the apex, rounded or subcordate at the base; peduncles glabrous, longer than the leaves ; umbels several-flowered ; pedicels slender, puberulent, 7-12 mm. long; calyx puberulent, 4 mm. long, its lobes oblong- lanceolate; corolla white, 10-12 mm. broad, its lobes oblong or ovate; follicles glabrous, 5-8 cm. long. Wet places. Great Bahama and New Providence : — Florida ; Cuba ; Hispaniola ; Jamaica ; Grenada. Milk Vine. Marsdenia forihunda (Brongn.) Schltr. (Stepha^iotis fforihnnda Brongn.) re- corded by Dolley as cultivated In gardens is not l^nown to us as having become spon- taneous at any place in the islands. Fruiting specimens of an undetermined asclepiadaceous vine, with lanceolate leaves and a fusiform follicle, were collected by Small & Carter, in pine-lands near Lisbon Creek, Mangrove Cay, Andros, perhaps a species of AstepJianus. Order 4. POLEMONIALES. Mostly herbs; rarely shrubs or trees. Corolla almost ahvays gamo- petalous, regular or irregular. Stamens adnate to the corolla-tube usually to the middle or beyond, as many as the corolla-lobes, or fewer and alter- nate with them. Ovary 1, superior, compound (in Boraginaceae and Lamiaceae deeply 4-lobed around the style). a. Corolla regular. 1. Ovary not 4-lobed, the carpels not separating as distinct nutlets at maturity. Ovary 2-celled, rarely 8-4-celled. Leaves and flowers mostly large ; plants not parasitic. Ovary 2-4-celled. Fam. 1. Convolvulaceae. Ovary 2-divided. Fam. 2. Dichondraceae. Leaves none ; flowers very small ; slender para- sitic vines. Fam. 3. Ci'SCUTACeae. Ovary 1-celled ; style 1, 2-lobed, or 2-parted. Fam. 4. Hydrophyllaceae. 2. Ovary deeply 4-lobed around the style, or not lobed ; carpels mostly separating as distinct nutlets. Ovary not lobed ; styles terminal. Fam. 5. Ehretiaceae. Style arising from between the ovary-lobes. Fam. 6. Boraginaceae. CONYOLVULACEAE. 345 b Corolla irregular, more or less 2-lipped (regular in Solanaceae, and nearly or quite so in Verhetia and Callicarpa of the Verbexaceae). 1. Carpels 1-2-seeded. Ovary not lobed, 2-4-celled, the style apical ; carpels separating into 1 -seeded nutlets or fruit drupaceous. Fam. 7. Verbenaceae. Ovary 4-lobed around the style, the lobes ripening into 1-seeded nutlets. Fam. 8. Lamiaceae. 2. Carpels several-many-seeded (2-seeded in some Acanthaceae). t Fruit a berry, or more commonly a capsule which is 1-2-celled, 2-valved, circum- scissile, or irregularly bursting, not elastically dehiscent. Placentae axile. Flowers regular; fertile stamens 5 (4 in Petunia) ; fruit a berry or capsule. Fam. 9. Solanaceae, Flowers more or less irregular ; fertile stamens 2 or 4 (5 in Verhascum) ; fruit a capsule. Ovary 2-celled, rarely 3-5-celled. Fam. 10. Scrophulariaceae. Ovary 1-celled ; marsh or aquatic herbs with flowers on scapes. Fam. 11. Lextibulariace.\e. Placentae parietal. Trees, shrubs, or woody vines ; capsule 2-celled. Fam. 12. Bigxoniaceae. Herbs, annual or perennial. Ovary 2-celled or falsely 4-celled ; flowers axil- lary. Fam. 13. Pedaliaceae. Ovary* 1-celled ; flowers in terminal racemes. Fam. 14. Martykiaceae. tt Capsule completely 2-celled, elastically loculicidally dehiscent ; opposite-leaved herbs ; placentae axile. Fam. 15. Acanthaceae. 3. Ovary 2-celled with 1 ovule in each cavity ; trees or shrubs with alternate leaves. Fam. 16. Myoporaceae. Family 1. CONYOLVULACEAE Yent. MORXIXG-GLORY FAMILY. Herbs or vines, some tropical species shrubs or trees, with alternate estipnlate leaves, and regular perfect axillaiy cymose or solitary flowers. Calyx inferior, 5-parted or 5-divided, usually persistent, the segments or sepals imbricated. Corolla gamopetalous, the limb 5-angied, 5-lobed or entire. Stamens 5, inserted low down on the tube of the corolla and alternate with its lobes, all anther-bearing, the filaments filiform, or dilated at the base; anthers 2-celled, the sacs longitudinally dehiscent. Disk annular or none. Ovary superior, sessile, 2-3-celled, with 2 ovules in each cavity, or falsely 4-6-celled with a single ovule in each cavity, usually entire; styles 1-3, terminal, ovules anatropous. Fruit mostly a 2-4-valved capsule. Seeds erect, the testa villous, pubescent or glabrous; embryo plaited or crumpled; cotyledons foliaceous; endosperm fleshy or cartilaginous, usually scanty. About 45 genera and probably 1,000 species, of wide distribution. Pericarp dehiscent. Styles separate nearly or quite to the base. 1. Evolvulus. Styles united up to the stigma or stigmas. Stigmas oval to oblong, flattened. 2. Jacqucmontia. Stigmas globose. Stamens and style exserted. Corolla-limb very broad, the tube cylindric. 3. Calonyctwn. Corolla funnelform or salverform. Ovary 4-celled; herbaceous vines. 4. Quamnclit. Ovary 2-celled; vines woody at the base. o. Exotionium. Stamens and style included. 6. Iponioca. Pericarp indehiscent ; sepals spreading in fruit. 7. Turhina. 1. EVOLVULUS L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 391. 1762. Mostly silky-pubescent or pilose herbs, with small leaves, and axillary small flowers. Sepals nearly equal. Corofla funnelform, campanulate or rotate, the 23 346 CONVOLVULACEAE. limb plaited, S-angled or 5-lobed. Filaments filiform; anthers ovate or oblong. Ovary entire, 2-celled; styles separate to the base, or near it, each division deeply 2-cleft; stigmas linear-filiform. Capsule 2-4-valved, 1-4-seeded. Seeds glabrous. [Latin, unrolling.] About 85 species, of warm and tropical re- gions. Type species: Evolvulus nummularius L. Erect low shrubs with small linear or scale-like leaves. Leaves scale-like ; calyx-lobes ovate. 1. E. squamosus. Leaves linear. 6-15 mm. long ; calyx-lobes lanceolate. 2. E. hahamensis. Prostrate, creeping or erect herbs. Leaves ovate, 3-6 mm. long ; plant silvery-pubescent. 3. E. Bracei. Leaves linear, or oblong to orbicular ; plants glabrous or pubescent. Leaves suborbicular to orbicular-obovate, rounded or notched at the apex. 4. E. nummularius. Leaves linear to oblong, acute or mucronate. Peduncles 1-flowered, very short, much shorter than the leaves. 5. E. sericeus. Peduncles filiform, elongated, 1-several-flowered, mostly as long as the leaves or longer. Leaves oblong-obovate, mucronulate ; sepals about one-third as long as corolla. 6. E. glaher. Leaves linear to oblong, acute or obtusish ; sepals at least one-half as long as corolla. Plant pilose-pubescent ; leaves oblong to ob- long-lanceolate, bluntish. 7. E. alsinoides. Plant sparingly pubescent or glabrate ; leaves linear-lanceolate or linear-oblong, acute. 8. E. linifoUus. 1. Evolvulus squamosus Britton, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3: 449. 1905. An intricately branched erect shrub, 3 dm. high or less, the slender terete twigs densely appressed-pubescent. Leaves scattered, reduced to mere lanceo- late-acuminate scales, 2 mm. long or less, appressed-pubescent; flowers solitary in the upper axils, on appressed-pubescent peduncles, which are about as long as the calyx; calyx-lobes ovate, acute, appressed-pubescent, one-half as long as the white corolla, or less; corolla about 6 mm. broad, slightly 5-lobed, the broad lobes a little emarginate; stamens a little shorter than the corolla, their filaments filiform, their anthers oval, short; ovary densely pubescent, oblong; styles 2, 2-cleft to about the middle. Kocky coppices and scrub-lands, Andros, New Providence, Eleuthera, Cat Island, Cay north of Wide Opening, Great Guana Cay and Great Exuma : — Anegada. Re- corded as E. arhuscula Poif. by Mrs. Northrop and by Dolley. Broom-bush. 2. Evolvulus bahamensis House, Bull. Torr. Club 35: 89. 1908. Shrubby, erect, intricately branched, appressed-pubescent, 4-10 dm. high, the branches wiry. Leaves linear, 6-15 mm. long, about 1 mm. wide, ascending or appressed ; flowers axillary, solitary, on peduncles about 5 mm. long; calyx- lobes lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, 2-3 mm. long; corolla white, 1.2-2 cm. broad, its l^mb nearly entire; stamens nearly as long as the corolla. Rocky plains and scrub-lands, Eleuthera, Conception Island. Watling's, Mariguana, North Caicos. Ambergris Cay, Great Ragged Island. Fortune Island, Crooked Island, Acklin's and Inagua. Endemic. Referred to E. arhuscula Poir. in Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3 : 450, 1905 ; also by Hitchcock, by Coker and by Grisebach. Bahama Evolvulus. 3. Evolvulus Bracei House, Bull. Torr. Qub 35: 90. 1908. Perennial by woody roots ; stems several, 5-20 cm. long, simple or branched, prostrate or ascending, appressed-pubescent with long white hairs when young. Leaves close together, ovate or elliptic-ovate, 3-6 mm. long, acute or short- acuminate at the apex, rounded or narrowed at the base, nearly sessile, loosely long-pubescent above, densely so beneath; flowers solitary and short-peduncled in the upper axils; calyx-lobes lanceolate, acuminate, about 2.5 mm. long; CONVOLVULACEAE. 347 corolla white or pale blue^ about 7 mm. broad; capsule globose, about 2.5 mm. in diameter; seeds brown. Red soil in open places, Mangrove Cay, Andros, Crooked Island, Mariguana and North Caicos : — Cuba. Bijace's Evolvulus. 4. Evolvulus nummularius L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 391. 1762. Diffuse, herbaceous, the stems 5-20 cm. long, branched, the branches rooting at the nodes, pilose or glabrate. Leaves orbicular or broadly oval, 4-20 mm. long, rounded or retuse at the apex, obtuse or subcordate at the base, short-petioled, pilose or glabrate; peduncles 1-flowered, much shorter than the leaves; sepals oblong or oblong-obovate, obtuse, about 2 mm. long; corolla pale blue or white, 5-8 mm. in diameter; capsule globose, 2 mm. in diameter. Shaded moist places and red-lands, New Providence, Eleuthera, Cat Island, Wat- ling's, Mariguana, Great Exuma, Crooked Island and North Caicos : — Cuba to St. Jan and Grenada; Mexico to Colombia. Moxeywokt Evolvulus. 5. Evolvulus sericeus Sw. Prodr. 55. 1788. Herbaceous, erect or ascending, usually branched from near the base, slender, silky-pubescent, 1-3 dm. high. Leaves linear^ lanceolate or narrowly oblanceolate, nearly sessile, 1-2.5 cm. long, about 3 mm. wide or less, acute or acuminate; peduncles 1-flowered, much shorter than the leaves, often shorter than the calyx; sepals lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 3-4 mm. long; corolla white or pale blue^ 6-10 mm. broad; capsule subglobose, about as long as the calyx. Pine-lands and palmetto-lands, Great Bahama and New Providence : — south- eastern United States ; Jamaica ; Cuba to Anegada and St. Vincent. Silky Evolvulus. 6. Evolvulus glaber Spreng. Syst. 1: 862. 1825. Evolvulus mucronatiis Sw. ; Wikstr. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1827: 61. 1827. Einely silky-pubescent when young, becoming glabrate, branched, the branches very slender, prostrate or ascending, 4 dm. long or less. Leaves oblong to obovate, 1-3 cm. long, mucrouate, short-petioled; peduncles nearly filiform, as long as the leaves or longer; pedicels longer than the flowers; sepals oblong or ovate-oblong, acute^ 3-4.5 mm. long; corolla rotate, white, 7-10 mm. broad; capsule subglobose, 2-2.5 mm. in diameter. Margins of salinas and salt ponds. Long Island, Fortune Island, Acklin's, Mari- guana, Caicos, Grand Turk and Inagua : — Florida ; Cuba ; West Indies and northern South America. Smooth Evolvulus. 7. Evolvulus alsinoides L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 392. 1762. Villous; stems usually several from a deep root, slender, simple or branched, prostrate or ascending, 1-4 dm. long. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 0.8- 2.5 cm. long, more or less pubescent with long hairs, blunt or acutish at the apex, rounded or narrowed at the base, the petioles 1-2 mm. long; peduncles filiform, 1-5-flowered, mostly longer than the leaves ; pedicels filiform ; sepals lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, about 2 mm. long; corolla pale blue or white, 6-8 mm. broad; capsule somewhat longer than the calyx. Waste and cultivated ground, Andros. New Providence, Eleuthera, Cave Cay, Great Exuma, Long Island, Great Ragged Island. Crooked Island. Mariguana, Inagua and Anguilla Isles : — Florida to Texas ; Cuba : Ilispaniola ; Aruba ; Curagao ; Mexico and South America ; Old World tropics. Chickwleu Evolvulus. 8. Evolvulus linifolius L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 392. 1762. Pubescent or glabrate; stems several or many from a rather slender root, simple or few-branched, diffuse or nearly erect, 4 dm. long or less. Leaves lanceolate, linear-lanceolate or linear-oblong, 1-2 cm. long, acute or mucronate, 348 CONVOLVULACEAE. nearly sessile; peduncles filiform, 1-3-flowered, mostly longer than the leaves; sepals lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 2-3 mm. long; corolla white or pale blue, 5-6 mm. broad; capsule longer than the calyx. Bahamas (according to Grisebach) : — Jamaica; continental tropical America; Old World tropics. Nakeow-leaved EvoLvrLus. 2. JACQUEMONTIA Choisy, Mem. Soc. Phys. Gen. 6: 476. 1833. Trailing or climbing vines, mostly herbaceous, the leaves usually entire, the mostly small, violet blue or white flowers cymose or subcapitate. Sepals nearly equal or the outer ones larger than the inner. Corolla campanulate or rotate-campanulate, the limb 5-angled. Stamens shorter than the corolla; filaments filiform, or their bases dilated; anthers oblong. Ovary 2-celled; ovules mostly 4; united styles filiform; stigmas 2. Capsule small, 2-celled. [Commemorates Victor Jacquemont, a French botanical traveller, died 1828.] Thirty species or more, mostly of tropical and subtropical America, Type species: Convolvulus coeruleus Schum. Corolla only 3-4 mm. broad ; cymes sessile or nearly so. 1. J. verticillata. Corolla 1—5 cm. broad. Corolla white : leaves not cordate : cymes short-peduncled. Leaves linear to oblong4anceolate. 2. J . jamnicensis. Leaves ovate-oval to suborbicular, thick and fleshy. 3. J. caycnsis. Corolla usually blue ; leaves cordate or subcordate ; cymes long-peduncled. 4. J. pentantha. 1. Jacquemontia verticillata (L.) Urban, Symb. Ant. 3: 339. 1902. Ipomoea verticillata L. Syst. ed. 10, 924. 1759. Convolvulus micranthus E. & S. Syst. 4: 276. 1819. Jacquemontia micrantha G. Don. Gen. Syst. 4: 283. 1838. Stems very slender, appressed-pubescent at least above, 2 m. long or less. Leaves oblong to lanceolate, membranous, repand or entire-margined, 1.5-4 em. long, mucronate at the apex", cordate or subcordate at the base, more or less pubescent, short-petioled ; cymes sessile or very short-peduncled, several-flow- ered; pedicels about as long as the sepals; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute, 2.5-3 mm. long;! corolla 3-4 mm. broad, purple or pink, its limb 5-cleft; capsule globose, about 2 mm. in diameter; seeds brownish, rugulose. Waste and cultivated ground, Andros and New Providence : — Cuba ; Hispaniola ; Jamaica. Small-floweeed Jacquemontia. 2. Jacquemontia jamaicensis (Jacq.) Hallier f. ; Solereder, Syst. Anat. 641. 1899. Convolvulus jamaicensis Jacq. Obs. 3: 6. 1768. Finely pubescent or glabrate ; stems slender, 1-2 m. long. Leaves lanceo- late to oblong, entire, rather firm in texture, short-petioled, 1.5-4 cm. long, obtuse, mucronulate or acute at the apex, narrowed or rounded at the base, sparingly pubescent or glabrate; cymes 1-several-flowered, short-peduncled; sepals broad, ovate, acute, about 2 mm. long; corolla white or purplish, 1-1.5 cm. broad, the limb 5-cleft, the narrow segments acute; capsule subglobose, about 4 mm. long; seeds rough. Pine-lands and scrub-lands, throughout the archipelago from Great Bahama and the Berrv Islands to Mariguana, the Inaguas. and the Anguilla Isles : — Florida : Cuba to St. Thomas and St. Croix ; Jamaica. Recorded from Bermuda. The species evidently consists of a large number of races differing greatly in leaf-form and in pubescence ; none of the Bahamian plants collected are exactly identical with the typical race from Jamaica. Common Jacquemontia. COXYOLVrLACEAE. 349 3. Jacquemontia cayensis Britton, sp. uov. Stem rather stout, somewhat woody, branched, trailing or ascending, 0.5- 2 5 m. long, finely pubescent or glabrate. Leaves fleshy, oblong to broadly ovate, entire, 1-3 cm. long, obtuse, retuse or acute at the apex, narrowed or rounded at the base, short-petioled, sparingly pubescent or glabrous ; peduncles shorter than the leaves; cymes few-llowercd ; sepals ovate, apiculate, about 2 mm. long; corolla white or yellowish, 5-cleft, 8-12 mm. broad; capsule ovoid- globose, about 5 mm. long. Coastal rocks, white-lands and sands, Abaco and Great Bahama to Grand Turk, Tnaeua and Cav Sal :— Cuba ; Anegada. Type from Castle Island niiison 7/9i). Refined °n BnJl. N. Y. Bot. Gard 4 : 121 to J. rcclinata House, of Florida, whicH proves to be distinct. Fleshy Jacquemontia. 4. Jacquemontia pentantha (Jacq.) G. Don, Gen. Syst. 4: 283. 1838. Convolvulus pentantlios Jacq. Coll. 4: 210. 1790. Jacquemontia violacea Choisy, Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 8: 61. 1838. Slender, glabrate or densely pubescent, 0.5-2 m. long, sometimes much branched. Leaves ovate, 2-4 cm. long, slender-petioled, entire or slightly re- pand, acute or acuminate at the apex, cordate at the base; peduncles slender, mostly as long as the leaves or longer; cymes dense, several-llowered ; pedicels usually shorter than the calyx; sepals ovate to lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 5-7 mm. long, the outer broader than the inner ; corolla blue, rarely white, 2-3 cm. broad; capsule subglobose, about as long as the &epals or a little shorter. Anguilla Isles : — Florida ; West Indies and continental tropical America. Blue Jacquemontia. 3. CALONY'cTION Choisy, Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 6: 441. 1833. Long twining vines, with large, entire or 3-lobed leaves and large white nocturnal flowers. Sepals herbaceous or subcoriaceous, the outer appendaged or unappendaged. Corolla long-salverform with a nearly cylindric tube. Stamens and style exserted. Styles united; stigmas globose. Fruit a dehis- cent oval or oblong capsule. [Greek, night-beauty.] A few species, of tropical regions. Type species: Calonyction speciosum Choisy. Outer sepals with infraterminal tail-like appendages ; stems more or less aculeate. 1. C. aculcatum. Outer sepals without appendages ; stems not aculeate. 2. C. Tuha. 1. Calonyction aculeatum (L.) House, Bull. Torr. Club 31: 590. 1904. Convolvulus aculeatus L. Sp. PI. 155. 1753. Ipomoea lona-nox L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 228. 1762. Glabrous, trailing or high-climbing, sometimes 20 m. long or longer, the sap milky. Leaves orbicular-ovate, membranous, 5-15 cm. long, entire, repand or sometimes 3-lobed, long-petioled, acuminate at the apex, deeply cordate at the base; peduncles 1-several-flowered, stout, shorter than the leaves; sepals about 1 cm. long, appressed, the outer subulate-appendaged ; corolla-tube slender, 10-12 cm. long, the limb 8-10 cm. wide, each lobe with a broad green median band terminating in a cusp ; capsule ovoid, pointed, about 2 cm. long ; seeds glabrous or nearly so. New rrovidence and Acklin's Island: — Florida: Cuba to Porto Rico; Guade- loupe ; Martinque ; Jamaica ; Trinidad ; Curagao ; Mexico to Panama. Moon-vine. 350 CONVOLVULACEAE. 2. Calonyction Tuba (ScMecht.) Colla, Nov. Sp. Calon. 15. 1840. Convolvulus Tuba Schlecht. Linnaea 6: 735. 1831. Calonyction grandiflorum Choisy, Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 6 : 442. 1833. Ipomoea tuha G. Don. Gen. Syst. 4: 271. 1838. Calonyction album House, Bull. Torr. Glub 31: 591. 1904. Not Ipomoea alba L. 1753. Glabrous, fleshy, usually climbing, sometimes 10 m. long. Leaves ovate- orbicular^ slender-petioled, 6-10 cm. long, acute or short-acuminate at the apex, deeply cordate at the base; peduncles stout, 1-2-flowered, shorter than the leaves; sepals ovate-oblong, obtuse, appressed, about 2 cm. long; corolla white, its tube stout, cylindric, 5-6 cm. long, the limb 5-6 cm. broad, with 5 narrow greenish bands; capsule subglobose, 2-2.5 cm. in diameter; seeds densely puberulent, villous on the angles and at the hilum. Sandy shores, Abaco, Frozen Cay, South Cat Cay, Andros, New Providence, Ship Channel Cay, Eleuthera, Conception, Watling's, Rum Cay, Long Island:, Mariguana, Inagua, Gibb's Cay, Anguilla Isles. Water Cay and Cay Sal : — Florida ; Cuba to St. Jan and Martinique ; .Jamaica ; continental tropical America and Old World tropics. Recorded by Mrs. Northrop as Ipomoea grandiflora Lam. Coast Moon-vine. 4. QUAMOCLIT [Tourn.] Moench^ Meth. 453. 1794. Twining herbaceous vines, with petioled leaves, and peduncled axillary flowers. Sepals 5, herbaceous, equal, acuminate, mucronate or appendaged. Corolla salverform (scarlet in the following species), the tube longer than the spreading limb. Stamens and united styles exserted; stigma capitate; ovary 2-celled or falsely 4-celled, 4-ovuled. Capsule usually 4-celled and 4-seeded. [Greek, dwarf kidney-bean.] About 10 species, of warm and tropical regions. Type species: Ipomoea coccinea L. Leaves pinnately parted into very narrow segments. 1. Q. QuamocUt. Leaves cordate, acuminate, entire or angulate-lobed. 2. Q. coccinea. 1. Quamoclit Quamoclit (L.) Britton, in Britton & Brown, 111. Fl. 3: 22. 1898. Ipomoea Quamoclit L. Sp. PI. 159. 1753. Quamoclit vulgaris Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 9: 336. 1845. Annual, glabrous. Leaves ovate in outline, 5-18 cm. long, pinnately parted into segments less than 2 mm. wide; pedunoles 1-6-flowered; pedicels thick- ening in fruit; sepals obtuse, usually mucronulate, 4-6 mm. long; corolla 2.5-4 cm.- long, the tube expanded above, the limb nearly flat, the lobes ovate, acutish; ovary 4-celled; capsule ovoid, 4-valved, about 1 cm. high, twice as long as the sepals. Waste and cultivated ground. Abaco near Marsh Harbor : — Virginia to Florida, Kansas and Texas : West Indies ; Mexico to continental tropical America ; Old World tropics. Cypress Vine. 2. Quamoclit coccinea (L.) Moench, Meth. 453. 1794. Ipomoea coccinea L. vSp. PI. 160. 1753. Annual. Leaves ovate to orbicular, long-acuminate, 5-15 cm. long, entire or angulate-lobedj, slender-petioled ; pedun. Cat's-tongue. 4. GHINIA Schreb. Gen. 19. 1789. [Tamonea Aubl. PI. Guian. 2: 659, pJ. 268. 1775. Not Aubl. 1: 441, pi. 175. 1775.] Herbs or low shrubs, with slender stiff branches, opposite, nearly sessile, dentate or incised leaves, and small bracted flowers in terminal and axillary slender spikes. Calyx tubular, subtruncate, 5-ribbed, the ribs excurrent as short teeth. Gorolla with a cylindrie tube slightly enlarged above, and an oblique, spreading, 5-cleft limb. Stamens 4, didynamous, borne on the corolla- tube, included ; anther-sacs parallel, the connective with a gland-like appendage. Ovary nearly completely 4-celled; ovule 1 in each cavity; style short; stigma oblong. Fruit small, hard, mostly 4-horned, 4-celled. Seeds usually 4, without endosperm. [Guiana name.] Four or five species, of tropical America. Type species: Tamoyiea spicata Aubl. 1. Ghinia curassavica (L.) Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 174. 1906. Verbena curassavica L. Sp. PI. 19. 1753. Tamonea curassavica Pers. Syn. PI. 2: 139. 1806. Tamonea scabra Cham. & Schl. Linnaea 5 : 99. 1830. Erect, simple or branched, roughish, 2.5-6 dm. high, slender. Leaves ovate, short-petioled, membranous, sparingly puberulent, 2-4 cm. long, serrate, acute at the apex, mostly obtuse at the base; racemes long-peduncled, very slender, the flowers distant; pedicels shorter than the calyx; calyx oblong, about 4 mm. long, distended by the ripening fruit and becoming obconic, its teeth linear, about 1 mm. long; corolla 5-6 mm. long; fruit 4-5 mm. long, its spines 1-2 mm. long. A weed in waste places, New Providence : — Cuba ; Mexico. Spiny-fruited Vervain. 5. LIPPIA L. Sp. PI. 633. 1753. Perennial herbs, or shrubs, with opposite, or rarely alternate leaves, and small bracted flowers, in spikes or heads. Calyx small, ovoid, campanulate or 368 VERBENACEAE. compressed and 2-TTinged, 2-4-toothed or 2-4-cleft. Corolla-tube cylindric, the limb oblique^ somewhat 2-lipped, 4-cleft. Stamens 4, didjnamous; anthers ovate, not appendaged, the sacs nearly parallel. Ovary 2-celled; ovules 1 in each cavity J style short; stigma oblique or recurved. Fruit dry, with a mem- branous exocarp, at length separating into 4 nutlets. [Named in honor of Auguste Lippi, 1678-1703, a French naturalist.] About 100 species, most abundant in tropical America. Type species: Lippia americana L. Shrubs, erect or ascending. Leaves lanceolate, sharply serrate. 1. L. stoechadifolia. Leaves ovate or oblong, crenate. 2. L. geminata. Prostrate or ascending herbs. Leaves inconspicuously veined. 3. L. nodifJora. Leaves usually prominently veined. 4. L. reptans. ' 1. Lippia stoechadifolia (L.) H.B.K. Xov. Gen. 2: 265. 1818. Verhena stoechadifolia L. Sp. PI. 19. 1753. Phyla stoechadifolia Small, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 36: 162. 1909. Shrubby, loosely appressed-strigose, ascending or suberect, usually little branched, 2-4 dm, high. Leaves narrowly lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, rather firm in texture, 2.5-6 cm. long, strongly pinnately veined, sharply and evenly serrate, acute at the apex, narrowed into short petioles; peduncles axil- lary or lateral, mostly longer than the leaves ; heads at first subglobose, at length oblong-cylindric, 1-2 cm. long, obtuse; bracts suborbicular, mucronate; calyx 2-toothed, compressed; corolla about 4 mm. long, longer than the bracts, its tube twice as long as the calyx. Borders of fresh-water pockets and ponds, New Providence, Cat Island, Wat- ling's, Great Exuma, Long Island and Fortune Island : — Cuba ; Porto Rico ; Guade- loupe ; Jamaica ; Mexico. Mabsh Lippia. 2. Lippia geminata H.B.K. Xov. Gen. 2: 266. 1818. Lippia geminata microphylla Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I. 495. 1861. An aromatic, densely puberulent shrub 1 m. high or less, usually much branched, the branches slender. Leaves ovate or oblong, 1.5-7 cm. long, acute or obtuse at the apex, narrowed at the base, crenate or erenulate, puberulent, rugose above, the petioles 3-8 mm. long; peduncles axiliar^ mostly much shorter than the leaves; heads subglobose, or short-oblong, 8-12 mm. long; bracts ovate, puberulent, acute, about 3 mm. long, nearly as long as the corolla; calyx 2-toothed; corolla jDurple, A'iolet or white, its tube about 3 times as long as the calyx. Turk's Islands (according to Grisebach), not found there by us : — Cuba ; Jamaica ; Porto Rico ; Antigua to Trinidad : continental tropical America. Often planted for its fragrant foliage. ^ Bushy Lippia. 3. Lippia nodiflora (L.) Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 15. 1803. Verbena nodiflora L. Sp. PI. 20. 1753. Phyla nodiflora Greene, Pittonia 4: 46. 1899. Minutely and rather densely puberulent, herbaceous, creeping, or the branches ascending, 3-9 dm. long. Leaves thickish, spatulate, oblanceolate, or obovate, 1-6 cm. long, 0.6-2.5 cm. wide, inconspicuously veined, mostly obtuse, narrowed into a cuneate entire base, sharply serrate above the middle; heads at length cylindric and 1-2.5 cm. long; corolla purple to white, little longer than the bracts. Palmetto lands and moist waste places. Great Bahama, North Cat Cay, New Providence, Mariguana, Acklin's, Fortune Island, Grand Turk and Inagua : — Bermuda ; North Carolina to Texas ; West Indies : Mexico to northern South America ; warm- temperate and tropical parts of the Old World. Referred by Mrs. Northrop and by Coker to L. canesccns H.B.K. Cape-weed. Creeping Lippia. VERBENACEAE. 369 4. Lippia reptans H.B.K. Nov. Gen. 2: 263. 1818. Similar to L. nodiflora, densely appressed-strigilose, herbaceous, the stems prostrate or ascending, 2-5 dm. long. Leaves obovate, 2-6 cm. long, obtuse or acutish at the apex, cuneate at the base, coarsely and sharply dentate above the base, usually rather prominently veined, the petioles 5-10 mm. long; peduncles mostly longer than the leaves; heads ovoid, becoming subcylindric and 2 cm. long or less; corolla -white. Margins of brackish marshes, savannas and pools, Eleuthera and Inagua : — Cuba to St. Croix and to Barbadoes ; Jamaica ; Mexico to Brazil. This species is, ap- parently, not certainly distinct from the preceding. Larger Creeping Lippia. 6. LANTANA L. Sp. PI. 626. 1753. Shrubs, or rarely herbs, with pubescent foliage, the stems sometimes armed with prickles. Leaves opposite, toothed. Flowers in dense peduncled heads or spikes. Calyx membranous, "uith a truncate or sinuate border. Corolla-tube slender, often curved, sometimes slightly dilated above, the limb more or less 2-lipped, the lobes 4 or 5. Stamens 4, didynamous; filaments adnate to about the middle of the corolla-tube. Ovary 2-celled; stigma oblique; ovules solitary in each cavity. Fruit smallj drupe-like. Xutlets 2-- celled or separating into 2 one-seeded nutlets. [Named from fancied simi- larity to Viburnum Lantana.] About 60 species, natives of tropical and warm regions. Type species: Lantana Camara L. Flowers yellow or orange or changing to oi'ange or red, not in- volucrate. Leaves ovate, truncate or subtruncate at the base ; straggling shrub. 1. L. ovatifoTia. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, narrowed at the base ; erect shrubs. Corolla orange, changing to red ; bracts half as long as the corolla-tube. 2. L. Camara. Corolla yellow, changing to orange ; bracts one-third as long as the corolla-tube. 3. L. hahamcnsis. Flowers white to lilac, often with a yellow eye or throat, in- volucrate. Leaves 2-4 cm. long. Leaves ovate to elliptic or obovate, not more than twice as long as wide. 4. L. Involucrata. Leaves oblong to oblanceolate, 2.5 to 3 times as long as wide. 5. L. demutata. Leaves 10 mm. long or less. 6. L. hulsamifcra. 1. Lantana ovatifolia Britton, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 123. 1905. Stems woody, little branched, diffusely spreading, 7 dm. long or less,, bluntly 4-angled, very rough-pubescent with stiff appressed hairs. Leaves ovate, thick, short-petioled, 5 cm. long or less, very scabrous on the upper sur- face, rough-pubescent with stiff hairs beneath, especially on the 4 to 6 prin- cipal veins on each side of the prominent mid-vein, acute at the apex, abruptly cuneate-narrowed at the obtuse or subtruncate base, the margin low-crenate nearly all around; petioles rather stout, rough, 3-5 mm. long; peduncles axillary, slender, about 4 cm. long, smooth or nearly so when old ; corolla-tube orange-red, the limb yellow, about 6 mm. broad; fruit subglobose, about 4 mm. in diameter, black, shining. Pine-lands, coppices and scrub-lands. Great Bahama and Andros : — Florida. Andros plants were referred by Mrs. Northrop to L. crocca Jacq. Ovate-leaved Lantaka. 2. Lantana Camara L. Sp. PI. 627. 1753. A branching shrub 1-1.5 m. tall, rigid-pubescent, nearly or quite unarmed. Leaves ovate to oblong-ovate, 4-12 cm. long, obtuse, acute, or short-acuminate, 370 VERBENACEAE. finely crenate-serrate, rounded or narrowed at the base; bracts oblong to lance- olate, 4r-7 mm, long; calj^x very thin, 3 mm. long; corolla orange-yellow or orange, changing to red, the tube about 1 cm. long^ puberulent, slightly curved, barely enlarged alDOve the middle; limb 6-8 mm. wide; drupes black, about 3 mm. in diameter. Waste grounds, Eleuthera, Watling's, Long Island and Inagua : — Bermuda ; Georgia to Florida and Texas ; West Indies and continental tropical America. Re- ferred to by Coker as I/, crocea as to his Eleuthera plant. I/Antana. Red Sage-bush. 3. Lantana bahamensis Britton, Bull. N, Y. Bot. Gard. 3: 450. 1905. Shrub 1 m. high or less, with slender striate branches, which are smooth or sometimes bear minute prickles less than 0.5 mm. long, the twigs minutely pubescent; leaves thin, oblong-lanceolate, varying from acute to blunt at the apex, more or less narrowed at the base, and somewhat deeurrent on the petiole, minutely short-pubescent on both sides, or becoming glabrous above, closely crenate, the primary veins rather conspicuous on the under side; "blades 5 cm. long or less, 1.5-2 cm. wide; petioles very slender, 2 cm. long or less; peduncles terminal and axillary, shorter than the leaves; bracts lanceolate, acutish, very pubescent, about 4 mm. .long; flowers 8-15 in the heads; calyx 2 mm. long, pubescent, the 2 short lips about equal ; corolla yellow, changing to orange, its tube pubescent, enlarged above, about 8 mm. long, its limb about 4 mm. wide, irregularly lobed; fruit globose, black, shining, about 3 mm. in diameter. Scrub-lands and coppices, Andros. New Providence, Eleuthera, Cat Island, Wat- ling's, Rum Cay. Great Exuma. Long Island, Acklin's and North and East Caicos : — Cuban Cays. The New Providence plants were referred by Mrs. Northrop to L. Camara, and by Hitchcock, Grisebach and Dolley to the Jamaican L. crocea. Erro- neously called GOLDEN-EOD. Bahama Lantana. 4. Lantana involucrata L. Cent. PL 2: 22. 1756. Lantana odorata L. Syst. ed. 12, 418. 1767. A pubescent, much branched shrub, 6-15 dm. high, the branches stiff, nearly terete. Leaves elliptic or ovate, petioled, 1-4 cm. long, crenulate, obtuse at the apex, narrowed or obtuse at the base, scabrous above^ pubescent be- neath; peduncles 1-5 cm. long, slender; heads several-flowered, involucrate by several ovate or ovate-lanceolate bracts 3-6 mm. long; corolla lilac or nearly white, its tube 6-8 mm. long; drupes about 4 mm. in diameter; drupes blue, about 3 mm. in diameter. Scrub-lands, thickets and pine-lands, throughout the archipelago from Allen's Cay and Great Bahama to Grand Turk, Little Ambergris Cay, Inagua, the Anguilla Isles and Cay Sal : — Florida ; Bermuda ; Cuba to Virgin Gorda and Guadeloupe ; Ja- maica. Wild Sage. Big Sage. 5. Lantana demutata Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 175. 1906. A widely branched shrub, 1-2 dm. high, the young twigs densely puberu- lent, the older ones glabrous. Leaves oblong or oblanceolate, short-petioled, 1-2 cm. long, crenate, puberulent on both sides, rugose and scabrous above; peduncles slender, puberulent, 2-4 cm. long; heads 5-8-flowered, involucrate by ovate or oblpng obtuse bracts about 4.5 mm. long; flowers white; corolla- tube about 3 mm. long; drupes blue, pubescent, 2-3 mm. long. Scrub-lands, Harbor Island, Eleuthera, Cat Island, Great Exuma and Long Island. Endemic. Bahama Sage-bush. 6. Lantana balsamifera Britton, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 123. 1905. A shrub, 1.6 m. high or less, forming large masses, with a balsamic odor, the slender bluntly angular branches ascending, puberulent; the internodes short. ^ Leaves elliptic to ovate elliptic or nearly orbicular, 5-10 mm. long, 5 mm. wide or less, puberulent, acute or obtuse, firm, crenulate, rugose-reticulated above, paler and rather strongly veined beneath, the petioles 1-1.5 mm. long; VERBENACEAE. 371 peduncles slender, thickened above, 8-15 mm. long in fruit; heads about 6 mm. broad, several-flowered; bracts lanceolate, puberulent, obtusish, 2.5-3 mm. long; calyx 2-toothed, pubescentj 1 mm. long^ its teeth blunt; corolla purple, its slightly gibbous tube about 3 mm. long, its spreading limb with 5 unequal obtuse lobes ; stamens borne near the top of the corolla-tube, the anthers as long as the filaments or longer. Scrub-lands, Little Inagua. at Moujean Harbor. Endemic. Ixagua Sagk-bush. A small-leaved shrub, growing in sand alongside typical L, involucrata on Whale Cay, Berry Islands, appearing very distinct from it, and a similar specimen from Eleuthera. first referred by us to this species, may represent another race or species ; these specimens are barren. 7. NASHIA Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 176. 1906. Pubescent aromatic shrubs, with rather stout branches, opposite or fascicled leaves and small capitate bracteolate, white or greenish flowers. Calyx short, annular, subtruncate. Corolla tubular-campanulate, its limb nearly equally 4-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous, nearly equal in length. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit drupaceous, small, the bony nutlets coherent. [Dedicated to George Valentine Nash.] Two or three species of the Bahamas and Cuba, the follow- ing typical. 1. Nashia inaguensis Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 177. 1906. Lippia inaguensis Urban, Symb. Ant. 7: 353. 1912. A much-branched shrub 2 ni. high or less, the bark gray, the branches widely spreading, the young twigs densely short-pubescent, elliptic to obovate or spatulate, 5-10 mm. long, obtuse at the apex, narrowed at the base, rugose and sparingly pubescent above, tomentose beneath, the margin entire, revolute, the petioles about 1 mm. ^ long; heads axillary, sessile, few-flowered; bracts ciliate, apiculate, longer than the flowers; corolla white, about 2 mm. long; drupes pyriform, about 4 mm. long; nutlets smooth. Scrub-lands, Inagua, near Matthew Town. Endemic. Moujean Tea. 8. CITHAREXYLUM L. Sp. PI. 625. 1753. Trees or shrubs, with alternate leaves and small flowers in terminal or axillary spikes or racemes, the pedicels subtended by minute bracts. Calyx narrowly campanulate, minutely 5-lobed, persistent. Corolla salverform, its limb slightly oblique, 5-lobed. Stamens 4 or 5, adnate to the corolla-tube, the fifth one mostly sterile or rudimentary; filaments filiform. Ovary sessile, incompletely 4-celled; ovules solitary, anatropous; stigma '2-lobed. Drupes berry-like, the fleshy pulp enclosing a bony stone which separates into 2, 2- seeded nutlets. [Greek, fiddle-wood; French, bois fidele.] About 20 species, of tropical America. Type species: Citharexylum spinosum L. Flowers subsessile : nutlets 2-celled. 1. C. fntticosum. Flowers with pedicels longer than the bracts ; nutlets 1-celled. 2. C. caudatum. 1. Citharexylum fruticosum L. Syst. ed. 10, 1115. 1759. Citharexylum cinereum L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 872. 1763. ' Citharexylum villosum Jacq. Icon. Ear. 1: 12. 1786. Citharexylum suhserratum Sw. Prodr. 91. 1788. Citharexylum hahamense Millsp. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3: 450. 1905 A tree, attaining a maximum height of about 10 m., with a trunk up to 2 dm. in diameter, the nearly smooth bark light brown, the twigs slender and 372 VERBENACEAE. angled, the foliage glabrous or pubescent. Leaves oblong to obovate, various, 5-15 em. long, 1-4 em. Tvide, acute, obtuse or emarginate at the apex^ nar- rowed at the base, reticulate-veined, shining above, dull beneath, the petioles 2.5 em. long or less; spikes slender, 5-12 cm. long; pedicels 1 mm. long or less; calyx narrowly campanulate, about 3 mm. long; corolla white, its tube some- what longer than the calyx, its spreading limb about 6 mm. wide; drupe sub- globose, (d-10 mm. in diameter, reddish brown to black; nutlets 2-celled. Coppices and scrub-lands, Abaco and Andros to Mariguana, East Caicos and Inagua : — Florida ; Cuba to Virgin Gorda and Guadeloupe ; Jamaica. Referred by Mrs. Northrop to C. Berterii Spreng,, by Colier to C. quadrangulare Jacq. The species consists of a large number of races, the leaves varying from glabrous to pubescent and from narrowly lanceolate or oblanceolate to obovate, occasionally dentate. Spicate FiDDLEWOOD. LOXG TOM. 2. Citharexylum caudatum L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 872. 1763. Citharexylum Berterii Spreng. Syst. 2: 763. 1825. Citharexylum lucidum Cham, Linnaea 5: 97. 1830. A shrub, or a tree up to 20 m. high, the nearly terete, slender twigs glabrous. Leaves oblong, rather thin, 7-15 cm. long, mostly obtuse at the apex, narrowed at the base, shining above, dull beneath, the petioles 1-2 cm. long; racemes narrow, elongated, 4-8 dm. long; pedicels 1.5-3 mm. long; calyx campanulate, about 3 mm, long^ nearly truncate; corolla white, its tube about twice as long as the calyx, its limb spreading, 4-5 mm. wide; drupe globose-oblong, black, shining, 2-3 times as long as the calyx; nutlets 1-celled. Coastal coppices, Andros, at Conch Sound : — Cuba ; Hispaniola ; Porto Rico ; Mexico. Racemose Fiddlewood. 9. DURANTA L. Sp. PL 637. 1753. Shrubs or small trees, the branches sometimes armed. Leaves opposite or whorled, entire or toothed. Flowers small, in elongated or short, terminal or axillary racemes. Calyx-tube campanulate or tubular, truncate or minutely 5-lobed. Corolla funnelform or salverform, its tube cylindric, straight or incurved, its limb spreading, oblique or of 5 equal lobes. Stamens 4, didy- namous, included; anthers with unappendaged* connectives, the sacs distinct. Ovary partially or imperfectly 8-celled. Stigma oblique, sometimes unequally 4-lobed. Ovules solitary or 2 in each cavity. Drupe included in the calyx, of 4 nutlets. Seeds without endosperm. [In honor of Castor Durante, a physi- cian of Rome.] About 8 species, of tropical America, the following typical. 1. Duranta repens L. Sp. PI. 637. 1753. Duranta Ellisia Jacq. Enum. 26. 1760. Duranta Plumieri Jacq. Select. Am. 186. 1763. A shrub or small tree reaching a height of 6 m., with glabrate or finely pubescent foliage and unarmed or spiny, slender, often drooping or trailing branches. Leaves numerous, ovate-elliptic, oval or obovate, 1.5-5 cm. long, obtuse or apiculate, entire or serrate above the middle, short-petioled ; racemes 5-15 em. long, recurving; pedicels 1-5 mm. long; calyx 3-4 mm. long, angled, Its lobes acute, shorter than the tube; corolla lilac, the tube surpassing the calyx, the limb 7-9 mm. broad; fruit yellow, globular, 7-11 mm. in diameter, enclosed by the accrescent yellowish calyx which is produced into a curved beak. Pine-lands and scrub-lands, Abaco, Great Bahama. Andros, New Providence, Eleuthera, Cat Island, Acklln's and Mariguana : — Bermuda ; Florida ; West Indies and Mexico to northern South America. Pigeox-beery. VERBENACEAE. 373 10. CALLICARPA L. Sp. PI. 111. 1753. Shrubs or trees, with opposite leaves?, and small blue purple or white flowers in axillary cymes. Calyx short, campanulate, 4-toothed (rarely 5- toothed), or truncate. Corolla-tube short, expanded above, the limb 4-cleft (rarely 5-cleft), the lobes equal. Stamens 4, equal, exserted; anther-sacs parallel. Ovary incompletely 2-celled; ovules 2 in each cavity, laterally at- tached, amphitropous ; style slender; stigma capitate, or 2-lobed. Fruit a berry-like drupe, much longer than the calyx, containing 1-4 nutlets. [Greek, handsome fruit.] About 35 species of Asia_, Africa and America. Type species: Callicarpa americana L. 1. Callicarpa Hitchcockii Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 312. 1909. A shrub, 2-3 m. high, with weak elongated vine-like branches, the slender twigs densely brown-scurfy. Leaves oblanceolate or linear-oblanceolate, sub- coriaceous, 2-^3 cm. long, 5-7 mm. wide, revolute-margined, rugose, glabrous and dark-green above, densely brown-scurfy beneath, obtuse at the apex, narrowed at the base, entire, the petioles about 4 mm. long; cymes few-several- flowered, much shorter than the leaves; calyx glabrous, obscurely toothed; corolla white; fruit subglobose, bluish, resinous-dotted, about 5 mm. in diameter. Scrub-lands, pine-lands and savannas, Andros, New Providence and Cat Island : — Cuban Cays. Referred by Hitchcock, and in Field Col. Mus. Bot. 2 : 180, to C. fulva A. Rich. BoAE-HOG Bush. 11. PETITIA Jacq. Enum. 1, 12. 1760. Trees or shrubs, with large opposite entire petioled tomentulose leaves, and small axillary cymose-paniculate flowers. Calyx campanulate, 4-toothed or subtruncate. Corolla short-salverform, the limb spreading, 4-cleft, the lobes imbricated. Stamens 4, borne near the top of the corolla-tube, equal; fila- ments very short; anthers ovate. Ovary 2-celled; ovules 2 in each cavity; style 2-cleft at the apex. Fruit a small drupe, the endocarp 2-4-celled. [Commemorates Francois Petit, 1664-1741, a French physician.] Two or three iipecies of the West Indies and Mexico, the following typical. 1. Petitia domingensis Jacq. Enum. 12. 1760. Petitia Poeppigii Schauer, in DC. Prodr. 11: 639. 1847. A tree, up to '22 m. high, usually much smaller or sometimes a shrub, the slender twigs, the petioles and the inflorescence densely brownish-tomentulose. Leaves elliptic-oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, 7-15 cm. long, rather thin, acute or acuminate at the apex, obtuse or rounded at the base, dark green, dull and glabrous or nearly so above, rusty-tomentulose beneath, the slender petioles 7 cm. long or less; panicles many-flowered, as long as the leaves or shorter; calyx about 1.5 mm. long; corolla whitish, its tube about twice as long as the calyx, its limb 4-5 mm. broad ; flowers fragrant ; drupes nearly black, globose to obovoid, 4-5 mm. in diameter. Pine-barrons. coppices and scrub-lands, Abaco, Great Bahama. Andros. New Providence, Eleuthera, and Cat Island : — Cuba ; Hispaniola : Porto Rico : Jamaica ; Cayman Islands. Recorded from St. Croix. Petitia. Bastard Stopper. 12. PSEUDOCARPIDIUM MOlsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 181. 1906. Shrubs or trees, with opposite petioled simple subcoriaeeous, spinulose- ^entate or entire leaves, and small axillary panicled flowers. Calyx campanu- 374 VERBENACEAE. late, equally 5-dentate. Corolla tubular-funnelform or salverform, the limb 2-lipped, 5-lobed. Stamens 4, exserted. Ovary at length 4-celled; style simple; stigma 2-cleft. Fruit dry or slightly fleshy, 3-4-lobed. [Greek^ false carpid.] Six known species, of Cuba and the Bahamas. Type species: Vitex ilicifolia A. Rich. 1. Pseudocarpidium Wrightii Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 182. 1906. A shrub or small tree up to 5 m. high, the young twigs and the inflores- cence puberulent, the bark light gray or nearly white. Leaves elliptic to obovate or ovate-lanceolate, 2-5 cm. long, obtuse at the apex, rounded or sub- cordate at the ba?e, spinulose-dentate, glabrous^ shining and reticulate-veined above, puberulent at least on the veins beneath, the petioles 3-5 mm. long; panicles peduncled, several-many-flowered, mostly exceeding the leaves; calyx 2-3 mm. long, its teeth ovate, acute; corolla violet, about 4 times as long as the calyx; fruit depressed, about 8 mm. broad, its lobes rounded. Coppices and scrub-lands, Andros and Mangrove Cay : — Cuba. Recorded by Mrs. Northrop as Vitex ilicifolia A. Rich., which it resembles. Wright's Pseudo- carpidium. 13. VOLKAMEEIA L. Sp. PI. 637. 1753. A vine-like, spiny shrub, wdth opposite petioled entire leaves, and white flowers in axillary cymes. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed. Corolla salverform, with a slender tube, the limb 5-lobed. Stamens 4, exserted, somewhat unequal. Style filiform. Stigma 2-lobed. Fruit a subglobose drupe, the 2 nutlets each 2-celled. [In honor of J. C. Volkamer, a Nuremberg botanist, who died in 1720.] Only the following species, native of tropical America. 1. Volkameria aculeata L. Sp. PI. 637. 1753. Clerodendron aculeatum Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I. 500. 1861. Ovieda aculeata Hitchc. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4: 118. 1893. Climbing to a length of 3 m. or more, or nearly erect, the slender branches densely puberulent, armed with stout oposite spreading spines 8 mm. long or less. Leaves thin, slender-petioled, oblong to elliptic-obovate, obtuse or acute at the apex, narrowed to the base, 2-5 cm. long; cymes stalked, few- several-flowered; pedicels slender, puberulent, 6-14 mm. long; calyx about 3 mm. long, puberulent, its teeth triangular-ovate, acute; tube of the corolla about 18 mm. long, its limb about 12 mm. broad; stamens purple; drupe 4- grooved, 6-8 mm. in diameter. Scrub-lands, New Providence and Inagua : — Bermuda ; Cuba to Virgin Gorda and Martinique ; Jamaica ; continental tropical America. Prickly Myrtle. 14. CLERODENDRUM [Burm.] L. Sp. PI. 637. 1753. Shrubs, vines or perennial herbs, with opposite entire leaves, and flowers in terminal or axillary cymes or panicles. Calyx 5-toothed or 5-lobed. Corolla salverform or funnelform, the tube mostly longer than the 5-lobed limb. Stamens 4, borne on the corolla-tube, exserted, somewhat unequal. Stigma 2- lobed; ovary 4-celled. Fruit a drupe, enclosing 4, 1-seeded nutlets. [Greek, tree of fortune.] Probably 100 or more species, mostly natives of tropical regions. Tj'pe species: Clerodendrum infortunatum L. LAM I ACE AE. 375 1. Clerodendrum fragrans Vent. Jard. Malm. ijI. 70. 1S04. Ovicda fragrans Hitchc. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4: 118. 1893. Half -shrubby, finely pubescent, 6-15 dm. high, the stout branches angled. Leaves very broadly ovate, 1-2 dm. long, acute at the apex, cordate or nearly truncate at the base, coarsely dentate, long-petioled; flowers white^ fragrant, double in all American specimens examined, in dense terminal cymes, the corolla about 2.5 cm. broad; calyx 5-cleft, its lanceolate lobes acuminate; corolla-lobes rounded. Roadside, New Providence : — Bermuda ; Florida ; West Indies and continental tropical America. Naturalized from the tropics of Asia. Odorous Clerodendkox. Wild Jessamine. 15. AVICENNIA L. Sp. PI. 110. 1753. Evergreen trees, sometimes shrubby, with nodose twigs, opposite entire leathery leaves without stipules, and peduncled clusters of white braeted flowers. Calyx cup-shaped, silky, with 5 persistent lobes. Corolla campanu- late, its short tube nearly cylindric, its limb spreading, 4-lobed. Stamens 4, adnate to the corolla-tube, the anthers introrse. Ovary sessile, 1-celled; ovules 4, on a central placenta; style short, 2 lobed. Fruit capsular, oblique, apicu- late. Seeds without endosperm, usually germinating in the capsule. [In honor of Avicenna (980-1036) of Bokhara, a distinguished oriental physician.] Three known species of tropical and subtropical seacoasts. Type species: Avicennia officinalis L. 1. Avicennia nitida Jacq. Enum. 25. 1760. A tree, up to about 16 m. high, with shallowly fissured dark scaly bark, orange-red within, the young twigs finely pubescent. Leaves pubescent when young, soon becoming glabrous above, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 3-8 cm. long, obtuse or apiculate at the apex, finely canescent beneath, narrowed at the base into short petioles; panicles 2-5 cm. long; corolla 10-14 mm. broad, its lobes rounded; capsule oblong or elliptic, 2-5 cm. long, light green, slightly pubescent. In mangrove mud and shallows of the sea, throughout the archipelago from Abaco and Great Bahama to Grand Turk, Inagua and Cay Sal : — Bermuda ; Florida to Texas ; West Indies and continental tropical America. Catesby, 1 : pi. 85. Black mangrove. Green Turtle Bough. Family 8. LAMIACEAE Lindl. Mint Family. Aromatic punctate herbs, or shrubs (a few tropical species trees), mostly with 4-sided stems and simple opposite leaves; stipules none. Flowers irregular, perfect, clustered, the inflorescence typically cymose, usually bracteolate. Calyx inferior, persistent, 5-toothed or 5-lobed (rarely '4-toothed), mostly neiwed. Corolla with a short or long tube, the limb 4-5-lobed, mostly 2-lipped, regular in a few genera; upper lip 2-lobed, or sometimes entire; low^er lip mostly 3-lobed. Stamens borne on the corolla-tube, typically 4 and didynamous, sometimes 2, rarely equal; filaments separate, alternate with the corolla-lobes; anthers 2-celled, introrse, or confluently 1-celled, or sometimes of a single sac. Disk usually present, fleshy. Ovary 4-lobed, or 4-parted, superior, each lobe or division with 1 mostly anatropous ovule; style arising from the centre of the lobed or 376 LAMTACEAE. parted ovaiy, 2-lobed at the summit. Fruit of 4, 1-seeded nutlets. Seed erect (transverse in Scutellaria) ; endosperm scanty, or none; embryo mostly straight; radicle short, inferior. About 160 genera and 3,200 species, of wide distribution. Ovary of 4 united carpels, 4-lobed : style not basal. 1. Melosmon. Ovary of 4 distinct or nearly distinct carpels ; style basal. Calyx with a crest on the upper side. 2. Scutellaria. Calyx without a crest. Corolla distinctly 2-lipped, the lips different, the upper one concave. Anther-bearing stamens 4. Calyx-lobes 5. 3. Leonurus. Calyx-lobes 8-10. 4. Leonotis. Anther-bearing stamens 2. 5, Salvia. Corolla nearly regular, or if 2-lipped, the upper lip not con- cave. Filaments converging under the upper lip of the corolla. 6. Micromeria. Lower pair of filaments appressed to the lower lip of the corolla. Lobes of the calyx nearly equal. 7. Hyptis. Upper lobe of the calyx broad, decurrent. 8. Ocimum. 1. MELOSMON Raf. Fl. Tell. 3: 85. 1837. Herbs with incised or pinnatifid leaves, the white or blue pedicelled flowers solitary in the axils of leaf -like bracts. Calyx with a short, lO-ribbed tube and 5 long nearly equal lobes. Corolla irregular, the upper lip small, the lower lip 3-lobed, its middle lobe much longer than the lateral ones. Stamens 4, exserted. Ovary 4-lobed, of 4 partly united carpels; style not basal. Nutlets laterally attached, roughened or smooth. [Greek, of uncertain application.] A few species, natives of temperate and tropical America. Type species: Melosmon hicolor Eaf. 1. Melosmon cubense (Jacq.) Small, FL SE. U. S. 1019, 1337. 1903. Teiicrium cubense Jacq. Enum. 25. 1760. Annual (?); sparingly pubescent or glabrate; stems often branched near the base, slender, 2-5 dm. high, the branches ascending. Leaves ovate to spatulate in outline, 1-3 cm. long, incised, the lobes mostly entire ; bracts simi- lar to the leaves; pedicels 2-5 mm. long; calyx 4-5,5 mm. long, its linear- lanceolate pubescent acuminate lobes several times longer than the tube; corolla bluish-white, 11-14 mm. long; nutlets about 2 mm. long, irregularly roughened. Waste places and cultivated soils. Great Bahama, New Providence. Eleuthera to Long Island, Inagua : — Alabama. Texas and Mexico ; Cuba. ^YEST Indian Germander. 2. SCUTELLARIA L. Sp. PI. 598. 1753. Bitter herbs, some species shrubby. Flowers blue to violet, in bracted, mostly secund, spike-like racemes, or solitary or 2-3 together in the axils. Calyx campanulate, gibbous, 2-lipped, the lips entire, the upper one with a crest or protuberance upon its back and often deciduous in fruit. Corolla recurved-ascending, dilated above into the throat, glabrous within, the limb 2-lipped; upper lip arched, entire or emarginate; lower lip spreading or de- flexed, its lateral lobes small and somewhat conne'cted with the upper, its middle lobe broad. (Stamens 4, didynamous^ all anther-bearing, ascending under the upper lip, the upper pair somewhat the shorter, their anthers 2- LAMIACEAE. 377 celled, ciliate; anthers of the lower pair of stamens 1-celled, also ciliate. Nutlets papillose or tuberculate. [Latin, a dish, from the appendage to the fruiting calyx.] About 100 species of "wide distribution. Type species: Scutellaria peregrina L. 1. Scutellaria havanensis Jacq. Enum. 25. 1760. Scutellaria cuhensis A. Rich, in Sagra, Hist. Cub. 11: 158. 1850. Scutellaria longiflora Small, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3: 437. 1905. Perennial; stems very slender, often branched near the base, erect or ascending, 3 dm. high or less, pubescent or puberulent. Leaves ovate or ovate- orbicular, short-petioled, 3-9 mm. long, puberulent on both sides, few-toothed or entire; flowers solitary in the axils on ascending peduncles 3-7 mm. long; flowering calyx about 1.5 mm. long; corolla dark blue, about 1.5 cm. long, the middle lobe of the upper lip emarginate, the lower lip 3-lobed; fruiting calyx about 3 mm. long. Rocky places, red-lands and pine-lands, Great Bahama, Eleuthera, Cat Island, and Great Exuma : — Florida ; Cuba ; Hispaniola ; Porto Rico. Skullcap. Scutellaria purpurasccns Sw. mentioned by Hitchcock as occurring on Eleuthera was not found in his collections ; the record is probably based on the above species. 3. LEONURUS L. Sp. PI. 584. 1753. Tall herbs, with palmately cleft, parted or dentate leaves, and small white or pink flowers verticillate in dense axillary clusters. Calyx tubular-campanu- late, 5-nerved, nearly regular and equally 5-toothed, the teeth rigid, subulate or aristate. Corolla-limb 2-lipped; upper lip erect, entire; lower lip spreading or deflexed, 3-lobed, the middle lobe broad, obcordate or emarginate. Anthers 2-celled, the sacs mostly parallel. Nutlets 3-sided, smooth. [Greek, lion's- tail.] About 10 species, of Europe and Asia. Type species : Leonurus Cardiaca L. 1. Leonurus sibiricus L. Sp. PI. 584. 1753. Biennial, puberulent or glabrate; stem 6-18 dm. high. Leaves long- petioled, 3-parted into ovate or lanceolate, acute or acuminate, cleft and incised segments, the lobes lanceolate or linear, acute, the uppermost linear or lanceo- late; clusters dense, usually all axillary; calyx campanulate, 6 mm. long, gla- brous or minutely puberulent ; corolla purple or red, densely puberulent without, 8-12 mm. long, its tube naked within; anther-sacs divergent. Waste places. New Providence and Harbor Island : — Bermuda : Delaware and Maryland : West Indies ; continental tropical America. Naturalized from the Old World tropics. Lion's tail. Pipe-shank. 4. LEONOTIS E. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew ed. 2, 3: 409. 1811. Annual or perennial caulescent herbs or shrubby plants, the leaves opposite, broad, toothed, petioled, the flowers in dense whorls, short-pedicelled. Calyx- tube 10-nerved, oblique at the mouth, its lobes 8-10, unequal, bristle-tipped. Corolla yellow, orange or scarlet, 2-lipped, the tube dilated above, curved; upper lip erect, rather long; lower lip with 3 lobes, the middle lobe scarcely longer than the lateral. Stamens 4; filaments all anther-bearing; anthers 2- celled; sacs diverging. Nutlets 3-angled, smooth. [Greek, lion's-ear.] About 12 species, natives of Africa. Type species: Leonotis Leonitis (L.) R. Br. 25 378 LAMIAOEAE. 1. Leonotis nepetaefolia (L.) E. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew ed. 2, 3: 409. 1811. Phlomds nepetaefolia L. Sp. PI. 586. 1753. Annual, softly pubescent. Stems 3-20 dm. tall, rather stout, simple or branched; leaves ovate to ovate-deltoid, 4-12 cm. long, coarsely crenate, cuneate or subcordate at the base; i1 ower-clusters dense, 4-6 cm. in diameter; pedicels 1-2 mm. long; calyx puberulent, becoming at least 2 cm. long, its tube reticu- lated above the middle, its lobes 8, awn-tipped; corolla scarlet or orange-yellow, 2-2.5 cm, long, villous-hirsute, its tube curved, the upper lip as long as the tube, the lower lip much shorter than the upper, with 3 narrow lobes; nutlets 3 mm. long, sharply angled. Waste places, New Providence, Eleuthera. Acklin's Island, Mariguana, Grand Turk and Inagua : — Bermuda ; Tennessee to Florida and Louisiana ; West Indies ; Texas to Brazil ; Old World tropics. Lign's-ear. 5. SALVIA L. Sp. PI. 23. 1753. Herbs, or some species shrubs, with clustered flowers, the clusters mostly spiked, racemed, or panicled. Calyx mostly naked in the throat, 2-lipped; upper lip entire or 3-toothed; lower lip 2-cleft or 2-toothed. Corolla strongly 2- lipped; upper lip entire, emarginate or 2-lobed; lower lip spreading, 3-cleft or 3-lobed. Anther-bearing stamens 2 (the posterior pair wanting or rudi- mentary) ; connective of the anthers transverse, linear or filiform, bearing a perfect anther-sac on its upper end^ its lower end dilated, capitate or sometimes bearing a small or rudimentary one. Nutlets smooth, usually developing mucilage and spiral tubes when wetted. [Latin, salvus, safe, from its healing virtues.] About 500 species, of wide distribution. Type species: Salvia offi- cinalis L. Corolla blue to white, 4-10 mm. long. Leaves cuneate-narrowed at base. 1. S. occidentalis. Leaves rounded or cordate at base. 2. S. serotina. Corolla red or scarlet, 2-2.5 cm. long. 3. 8. coccinea. 1. Salvia occidentalis Sw. Prodr. 14. 1788. Annual; stems ascending, decumbent or prostrate, branched, densely pubes- cent at least above, 0.5-2 m. long. Leaves ovate, 2-5 cm. long, serrate, short- petioled, acute or acuminate at the apex, narrowed or subtruncate at the base; panicles narrow, 0.5-3 dm. long, the clusters few-flowered, the lower ones dis- tant, the upper close together; calyx about 3 mm. long densely glandular- pubescent, ribbed, the upper lip obtuse, the lobes of tiix 'oAver lip acute; corolla blue, about 5 mm. long, its tube a little shorter than the calyx; nutlets about 2 mm. long. Waste places and coppices, Andros, New Providence. Eleuthera and Great Exuma : — Florida ; West Indies and continental tropical America ; recorded from Bermuda. West Indian Sage. 2. Salvia serotina L. Mant. 1: 25. 1767. Salvia micrantha Vahl, Enum. 1: 235. 1805. Perennial, finely pubescent; stems 1.5-7 dm. tall, much branched. Leaves ovate or orbicular-ovate, 1-4 cm. long, obtuse, crenate-serrate, rounded or sub- cordate at the base, slender-petioled ; panicles 2-10 cm. long; calyx longer than the pedicels, glandular-hirsute, becoming 5-8 mm. long; lips about h as long as the long-campanulate tube; corolla 6-10 mm. long, white or blue, its tube included; style glabrous; nutlets fully 2 mm. long. LAMIACEAE. 379 Waste places and scrub-lands, throughout the archipelago from Abaco and Great Bahama to Andros, The Caicos, Grand Turk and Inagua : — Bermuda ; Florida ; West Indies ; continental tropical America. Consists of many races differing in pubescence, the corolla blue to white. Apparently referred to S. tenella Sw. by Hitchcock. Erroneously called Catniof. Listed by Dolley as Nepeta Cataria L. Small Whitk Sage. 3. Salvia coccinea Juss. in Murray, Comm. Gott. 1: 86. 1778. Annual, softly pubescent; stems erect, 3-7 dm. tall, simple or sparingly branched. Leaves ovate or deltoid-ovate, 3-6 cm. long, obtuse or acutish, crenate-serrate, truncate to subcordate at the base; panicles 5-20 cm. long; pedicels 2-6 mm. long, slender; calyx minutely pubescent, 10-12 mm. long, its tube many-ribbed, the upper lip reniform, abruptly pointed, the lower lobes ovate-apiculate ; corolla deep scarlet, 2-2.5 cm. long, puberulent, the tube con- tracted above the base^ then gradually enlarged, the lower lip 7-8 mm. broad, merely notched at the apex; nutlets 2.5 mm. long, slightly variegated. Waste places, Watling's Island, at Cockburn Town : — Bermuda ; South Carolina to Florida, Texas and Mexico ; West Indies and continental tropical America. Scar- let Sage. Country Belle. 6. MICROMERIA Benth. Bot. Eeg. 15: under pi. 1282. 1829. Shrubs or perennial herbs, with entire or dentate leaves and small axillary clustered or solitary flowers. Calyx tubular, its tube mostly 13-ribbed, its 5 lobes nearly equal. Corolla 2-lipped; upper lip erect, often very small; lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe commonly emarginate. Stamens 4, converging under the upper corolla-lip ; anthers 2-celled, the sacs divergent. Ovary 4- carpellary; style basal. Nutlets smooth, basally attached. [Greek, referring to the small flowers.] Sixty species or more, natives of temperate and tropical regions. Type species: Sahhatia corymhosa Moench. 1. Micromeria Brownei (Sw.) Benth. Lab. 372. 1834. Thymus Broivnei Sw. Prodr. 89. 1788. Satureia Brownei Briquet, in E. & P. Nat. Pflanzf. 4='=': 300. 1896. Perennial, glabrous or nearly so; stems branched near the base, very slender, the branches prostrate and creeping, 1-4 dm. long. Leaves broadly ovate or orbicular, 5-12 mm. broad, crenulate, obtuse or acute at the apex, truncate or subcordate at the base, the petioles 1-6 mm. long; flowers mostly solitary in the axils; pedicels filiform, 3-12 mm. long, as long as the upper leaves or longer; calyx narrowly turbinate, 4-5 mm. long, its triangular-ovate, ciliolate lobes about one-half as long as the tube; corolla white, 7-8 mm. long, its upper lip ovate, sometimes emarginate. Moist soils at fresh-water holes, Abaco and Great Bahama southward to Crooked Island : — Florida ; Jamaica. Recorded by Dolley as Nepeta coerulea D. West Indian Thy me. 7. HYPTIS Jacq. Coll. 1: 101. 1786. [Mesosphaerum p. Br. Hist. Jam. 257. Ilyponym. 1756.] Herbs, mostly erect and branched, the leaves usually dentate, the flowers variously clustered. Calyx tubular, ovoid or campanulate, equally 5-lobed, the lobes acute or aristate. Corolla 2-lipped, the upper lip erect or spreading, the lower saccate and drooping. Stamens 4, declined, all antheriferous, the fila- ments distinct, the anthers 2-celled. Ovary 4-carpellary; style basal. Nutlets 380 LAMIACEAE. smootli or rough. [Greek, bent backward.] About 300 species, mostly of tropical America. Type species: Hyptis verticillata Jacq. Flowers in secund spiked cymes; calyx 3-4 mm. long. 1. H. peciinata. Flowers in axillary clusters ; calyx 8-10 mm. long. 2. H. suaveolens. ' 1. Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit. Ann. Mus. Paris 7: 474. 1806. Nepeta pectinata L. Syst. Ed. 10, 1097. 1759. Perennial, densely puberulent ; stems erect, 3-20 dm, high.. Leaves ovate, 2-8 cm. long, serrate, acute at the apex, mostly obtuse or subcordate at the base, the petioles 4.5 cm. long or less; flowers in secund spiked cymules, the inflorescence elongated ; calyx 3-4 mm. long, puberulent, its subulate lobes nearly as long as the tube; corolla whitish, little longer than the calyx, the upper lip 2-lobed, the lower 3-lobed; nutlets granular, about 1 mm. long. Waste places. Andros, Cat Island, and Inagua : — Florida ; West Indies and con- tinental tropical America. Pectinate Hyptis. 2. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Ann. Mus. Paris 7: 472. 1806. Ballota suaveolens L. Syst. ed. 10, 1100. 1759. Annual? Stem stout, often much branched, loosely pilose, 3-8 dm. high. Leaves ovate or ovate-orbicular, slender-petioled, 4 cm. long or less, acute or obtuse at the apex, obtuse or subcordate at the base, low-serrate, sparingly pubescent on both sides; flowers 2-5 together, nearly sessile, in short-peduncled, axillary clusters, or the clusters crowded in a terminal panicle and subtended by small leaves ; calyx campanulate, strongly ribbed, at length 8-10 mm. long, its subulate teeth shorter than the tube; corolla 5-6 mm. long, bluish. Waste and cultivated soils. New Providence. Eleuthera and Great E^snma : — West Indies ; continental tropical America ; East Indies. Pilose Hyptis. Wild Basil. 8. OCIMUM L. Sp. PI. 597. 1753. Herbs or low shrubs, with erect or ascending branched stems, usually dentate petioled leaves and clustered flowers. Calyx deflexed in fruit, its tube campanulate or ovoid, 5-lobed, the lobes unequal, the lower ones somewhat united. Corolla white or nearly white, its tube usually shorter than the calyx, its lobes nearly equal. Stamens 4, didynamous, the lower pair appressed to the lower lip of the corolla; filaments naked or appendaged. Ovary 4-carpellary ; style basal. Nutlets smooth or rugose. [Greek, odorous.] About 40 species widely distributed in warm and tropical regions. Type species: Ocimum basiliciim L. 1. Ocimum micranthum Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 630. 1809. Annual, pubescent ; stem erect, branched, 2-5 dm. high. Leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 1-5 cm. long, serrate, acute at the apex, narrowed or subtruncate at the base, the petioles 5-20 mm. long; panicles 2-10 cm. long; flowers several in the clusters; pedicels 4-7 mm. long; calyx puberulent, 6-7 mm. long in fruit, the upper lip concave, the lower of 4 narrow subulate-tipped lobes; corolla about 4 mm. long, its tube dilated above, its upper lip with '2 rounded lobes, the lower lip with 2 ovate lateral lobes and a notched middle one; nutlets about 1 mm. long. Waste and cultivated groimds, New Providence and Eleuthera : — Florida ; West Indies ; Jamaica ; Mexico to continental tropical America. Wild Basil. Potmargin. MaryuMum vulgare L., listed by Dolley, has not been found by our collectors on the islands. SOLAN ACE AP]. 381 Family 9. SOLANACEAE Pers. Potato Family. Herbs, shrubs, vines, or some tropical species trees, with alternate or rarely opposite estipulate leaves, and perfect regular, or nearly regular, cymose flowers. Calyx inferior, mostly 5-lobed. Corolla gamopetalous, mostly 5-lobed, the lobes induplicate-valvate or plicate in the bud. Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla and alternate with them, inserted on the tube, all perfect in the following genera; anthers various, 2-celled, apically or longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary superior, 2-celled (rarely 3-5-celled) ; ovules numerous on the axile placentae, anatropous or- amphitropous ; stj^le slender, simple; stigma terminal; fruit a berry or capsule. Seeds numerous; endosperm fleshy ; cotyledons semiterete. About 75 genera and 1,750 species, most abundant in tropical regions. Fruit a berry. Corolla plicate. Berry enclosed in the accrescent calyx. 1. Phi/salm. Berry not enclosed in the calyx. 2. Solanuin. Corolla not plicate, or scarcely plicate. Corolla rotate. 3. Capsicum. Corolla salverform to funnelform. Stamens unequal ; filaments adnate to the mouth of the corolla-tube. 4. Lijcium. Stamens equal or nearly so ; filaments adnate to about the middle of the corolla-tube. 5. Cestrum. Fruit a capsule. Calyx tubular, at length circumscissile. 6. Datura. Calyx ovoid or campanulate, 5-cleft. 7. Nicotiana. 1. PHYSALIS L. Sp. PI. 182. 1753. Herbs, sometimes a little woody below, with entire or sinuately toothed leaves. Peduncles slender, in our species solitary in the axils. Calyx campanu- late, 5-toothed, in fruit enlarged and bladdery-inflated, membranous, 5-angled, or prominently 10-ribbed and reticulate, wholly enclosing the pulpy berry. Corolla often with a brownish or purplish center, open-campanulate, or rarely campanulate-rotate, plicate. Stamens inserted near the base of the corolla; anthers oblong, opening by longitudinal slits. Style slender, somewhat bent; stigma minutely 2-cleft. Seeds numerous, kidney-shaped, flattened. [Greek, bladder, referring to the inflated calyx.] The number of recognized species is about 50, widely distributed. Type species: Phy sails AlTiekengi L. Fruiting calyx 5-angled : leaves narrowed at the base. 1. P. anyiilata. Fruiting calyx 5-winged ; leaves cordate, rounded or obtuse at the base. Glabrous, or nearly so. 2. P. turhmata. Densely pubescent. 3. P. puhescens. 1. Physalis angulata L. Sp. PI. 183. 1753. Physalis LinMana Dunal, in DC. Prodr. 13^: 448. 1852. Erect, 4-9 dm. high, glabrous; stem angled; leaves ovate, usually with cuneate base and long-acuminate teeth, 5-6.5 cm. long, on slender petioles, thin, the veins not prominent; peduncles slender, 2-3 cm. long, erect, in fruit often reflexed but seldom exceeding the fruiting calyx; calyx-teeth triangular to lanceolate, generally shorter than the tube; corolla 5-10 cm. in diameter; anthers purplish tinged; fruiting calyx about 3 cm, long, ovoid, not promi- nently angled, at last nearly filled by the yellow berry. Waste places, Andros and New Providence : — Bermuda ; southern United States ; West Indies and continental tropical America. Cut-leaved Ground-Cherby. Poppers. 382 SOLANACEAE. 2. Physalis turbinata Medik. in Act. Acad. Theod. Palat. 4: 188, t. 5, iig. 2. 1780. Annual, glabrous, or minutely puberulent when young. Stems rather stout, acutely angled and divaricately branched ; leaves broadly ovate, obtuse or cordate and slightly oblique at the bas-e, thin and dark green, repand-dentate, short-acuminate; peduncles shorty in fruit about 1.5 cm. long, calyx-lobes lanceolate, acuminate; corolla 8-10 mm. wide, yellow with a purplish eye; fruiting calyx 3-3.5 cm. long, long-attenuate, almost pyramidal, deeply retuse at the base. Waste and cultivated grounds, Acklin's Island and Caicos Islands : — Bermuda ; southern United States ; West Indies and continental tropical America. Smooth Geound-Cherkv. 3. Physalis pubescens I.. Sp. PI. 183. 1753. Physalis harhadensis Jaeq. Misc. 2: 359. 1781. Annual, pubescent and viscid. Stems tall and erect, or widely spreading, acutely 3-4-angled; leaves 3-6 cm. long, heart-shaped, acute, or usually abruptly acuminate, sharply repand-dentate, pubescent with short hairs; pe- duncles short, at maturity sometimes 2 cm. long; calyx generally densely viscid-hirsute, its lobes lanceolate, acuminate ; corolla 5-10 mm. in diameter, yellow, with a purplish eye; anthers purplish; fruiting calyx 2.5-3 cm. long, attenuate, reticulate, retuse at the base. Waste grounds, Andros and New Providence : — West Indies : continental tropical and temperate America. ?P. curassavica of Schoepf. Hairy Ground-Cherry. 2. SOLANUM L. Sp. PI. 184. 1753. Herbs or shrubs, often stellate-pubescent, sometimes climbing. Flowers cymose, umbelliform, paniculate, or racemose. Calyx campanulate or rotate, mostly 5-toothed or 5-cleft. Corolla rotate, the limb plaited, 5-angled or 5- lobed, the tube very short. Stamens inserted on the throat of the corolla; filaments short; anthers linear or oblong, acute or acuminate, connate or con- nivent into a cone, each sac dehiscent by a terminal pore, or sometimes by a short introse terminal slit, or sometimes also longitudinally. Ovary usually 2-celled; stigma small. Berry mostly globose, the calyx either persistent at its base or enclosing it. [Name, according to Wittstein, from solamen, quieting.] About 900 species, of wide geographic distribution. Type species: Solanum nigrum L. Pubescence not stellate. Plants copiously armed with long slender prickles. 1. S. aculeatissimum. Plants unarmed. 2. 8. nigrum. Pubescence densely stellate. Leaves large, lanceolate to obovate. Inflorescence racemose. 3. 8. hahamense. Inflorescence corymbose. Inflorescence terminal ; plants unarmed. Corolla-lobes ovate. 4. 8. r erb a sci folium. Corolla-lobes lanceolate. d. S. Blodgettii. Inflorescence subaxillary ; plants usually with some prickles. , 6. 8. forvum. Leaves minute, not over 3 mm. long. 7. 8. didymacanthum. 1. Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq. Coll. 1: 100. 1786. Perennial, slightly woody, usually much branched, 6-12 dm. high, some- what pilose, or becoming glabrous, the branches, petioles, leaf-blades and peduncles armed with straight yellow prickles. Leaves thin, broadly ovate in outline, 7-15 cm. long, pinnately lobed or repand; cymes few-flowered, lateral; SOLANACEAE. 383 calyx armed -uith stout prickles, about one-third as long as the corolla, its lobes ovatej acute; corolla "VA'hite, about 12 mm. broad; anthers ovate-lanceo- late; berry globose, scarlet, glabrous, 1-2 em. in diameter. Waste and cultivated ground. Great Bahama, Andros, New Providence. Eleu- thera and Cat Island ; recorded from Green Turtle Cay : — southern ITnited States ; Bermuda ; ^Yest Indies and continental tropical America. Cockroach Berry. 2. Solanum nigrum L. Sp. PI. 186. 1753. Solanum nodiflorum Dunal, Hist. Sol. 151. 1813. Not Jacq. 1793. Solanum americanum Mill. Gard. Diet, ed, 8, no. 5. 1768. Solanum purpuratum Bitter, Eepert. 12: 85. 1913. Annual, glabrous, or somewhat pubescent with simple hairs, 3-8 dm. high. Leaves ovate, petioled, more or less inequilateral, 2-8 cm. long, thin, acute, acuminate or acutish at the apex; peduncles lateral, umbellately 3-10-flowered; pedicels 6-14 mm. long; flowers 8-10 mm. broad; calyx-lobes oblong, obtuse, much shorter than the corolla, persistent at the base of the berry; filaments somewhat pubescent; anthers obtuse; berries glabrous, globose, 8-10 mm. in diameter, blacky on nodding peduncles. Waste and cultivated grounds, throughout the archipelago from Great Bahama to Watling's, East Caicos, Grand Turk and Inagua : — all temperate and tropical regions of both hemispheres. Consists of many races differing in length of pedicels and size of flowers, the leaves varying from entire to coarsely toothed. Recorded by Hitchcock as Solanum nigrum oleraceum ; by Small as Solanum gracile Link. Black Nightshade. Ixk-berry. Gooma-bdsh. 3. Solanum bahamense L. Sp. PI. 188. 1753. Solanum haJiamense lanceolatum Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I. 440. 1861. Solanum suharmatum Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 240. 1809. A prickly or unarmed shrub, 2 m. high or less, the twigs, leaves and inflorescence stellate ]3uberulent, the prickles slender. Leaves oblong to lanceo- late, 4-12 cm. long, slender-petioled, acute or obtuse at the apex, narrowed or obtuse and often oblique at the base, the margin entire or somewhat undulate, the veins rather distant; peduncles lateral, longer than the petioles; inflores- cence racemiform, sometimes forked, few-several-flowered; pedicels blender, thickened upward, 6-12 mm. long, nodding in fruit; calyx 1.5 mm. long, its lobes ovate; corolla blue, rarely white, 10-15 mm. broad; berry red, globose, 6-8 mm, in diameter. White-lands and scrub-lands throughout the archipelago from Abaco and Great Bahama through the Biminis and Andros to Grand Turk Islands, Ambergris Cay and Inagua :— Florida : Cuba ; Hispaniola ; Jamaica. Consists of many races, unarmed or very prickly, with the leaves entire or toothed, and the flowers and fruits varying considerably in size. Recorded by DoUey and by Hitchcock as Solanum ignaeum L. Bahama Solanum. Canker-berry. 4. Solanum verbascifolium L. Sp. PI. 184. 1753. A stellate-tomentulose unarmed shrub, 1-3 m. high, rarely forming a small tree up to 10 m. high, with a trunk up to 1.5 dm. in diameter. Leaves ovate to elliptic, rarely obovate, 1-3 dm. long, entire or very slightly repand, acute, acuminate or obtuse at the apex, rounded or narrowed at the base, the stout petioles 7 cm. long or less ; cymes terminal, several-many-flowered, long- peduncled; pedicels stout, 6-12 mm. long; calyx 5-7 mm. long, densely stel- late, its lobes triangular-ovate; corolla white, 10-15 mm. wide, its lobes ovate- oblong; berry subglobose, 1-2 cm. in diameter, yellow. Waste places, scrub-lands, coppices and old fields, throughout the archipelago from Great Bahama, Abaco and Andros to Mariguana and Dellis' Cay (Caicos) : — Florida : West Indies : Mexico and Central America ; Old World tropics. Mullein- leaved Solanum. Wild Tobacco. Sal\-e-bush. 384 SOLANACEAE. 5. Solanum Blodgettii Chapm. Fl. So. U. S. 349. 1860. An unarmed shrub, 0.5-1.5 m. high, the branches spreading_, the young tTvigs, leaves and inflorescence stellate-tomentulose. Leaves oblong, .5-15 cm. long, entire or undulate, obtuse or acute at the apex, mostly obtuse at the base, the petioles 1-3 cm. long; peduncles longer than the leaves; panicles dense, short, several-many-fiowered; pedicels 3-7 mm. long; calyx about 3 mm. long, its teeth minute^, deltoid; corolla white or blue, its lobes linear or linear-lanceolate, 6-7 mm. long, pubescent without; anthers linear, apically dehiscent; ovary glabrous; berries red, 4-6 mm. in diameter. Scrub-lands, North Cat Cay, Biminis : — Florida. Blodgett's Solaxum. 6. Solanum torvum Sw. Prodr. 47. 1788. A stellate-tomentulose shrub, 1-4 m.. high, the rather stout branches sparingly armed with short flattenedj nearly straight prickles, or unarmed. Leaves broadly ovate in outline^ 5-20 cm. long, stout-petioled, angular-lobed or sinuate-margined, acute or obtuse at the apex, truncate or subcordate at the base, sometimes with a few prickles on the petiole and on the midvein be- neath, the upper surface scabrous; cymes lateral, short-peduncled, several- flowered; flowering pedicels slender, glandular, 5-8 mm. long, thickening in fruit; calyx glandular, about 4 mm. long, 5-cleft, its lobes ovate, acute; corolla white, 5-cleft, 10-15 mm. broad; berry globose, 10-14 mm. in diameter, yellow. Waste and cultivated grounds near Nassau, New Providence : — Bermuda (accord- ing to Grisebacli) ; West Indies and continental tropical America. Bushy White Solanum. 7. Solanum didymacanthum Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 183. 1906. Branches stellate-pilose, prickly; leaves minute, entire, stellate-pilose on both surfaces. Plants shrubby, branched, 1-2 m. high; prickles needle-like, in pairs at the nodes, 2-3 times as long as the leaves, slightly recurved, divaricately horizontal, reddish brown, thickened at the base, somewhat less than 12 mm. long; leaves fasciculate, petiolate, oblong or obovate, entire, about 3 mm. long, the base acute, the apex acute or obtuse; inflorescence terminal, solitary, single-flowered; peduncles, calyx and corolla stellate-pilose, unarmed; calyx 5-dentate; corolla white, 5-partite, the lobes liguliform, about 8 mm. long, somewhat shorter than the corolla; ovary globose; style filiform, longer than the stamens; berry sessile, globose, compressed at the base and apex, yellow, translucent, not exceeding the persistent calyx. Coppices and scrub-lands. Cat Island near Port Howe, Great Exuma on Haynes Roa^d. Endemic. Cat's-paw. 3. CAPSICUM L. Sp. PI. 188. 1753. Annual or perennial herbs or shrubs, with forking stems. Leaves flat, entire or repand. Flowers solitary in the axils, or in small cjTnes. Calyx scarcely accrescent, somewhat 5-lobed. Corolla usually white, nearly rotate, its lobes 5, imbricated. Stamens 5, adnate to the base of the corolla; anthers bluish, the sacs opening lengthwise. Ovary 2-3-celled; stigma club-shaped or dilated. Berries red, yellow or green, often nodding, pungent. Seeds flattened. [Latin, capsa, a box, referring to the shape of the fruit in forms of the typical species.] About 30 species, natives of America. Type species: Cap- sicum annuum L. SOLANACEAE. 385 1. Capsicum baccatum L. Mant. 1: 47. 1767. Shrubby, more or less pubescent. Stems 1-3 m. tall, sometimes vine-like, widely branching; leaves ovate, oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 2-5 em. long^ acute or acuminate, entire, abruptly narrowed or truncate at the base; petioles one half as long as the blades or shorter; pedicels narrowly club- shaped, 1-2 cm. long; calyx 2.5-3 mm. long, its lobes as long as the tube or somewhat shorter; berries globose to ellipsoid, 5-10 mm. long, red, obtuse. Scrub-lands, Little Harbor Cay, New Providence and Eleuthera to Mariguana, Dellis" Cay (Caicos), Inagua and the Anguilla Isles: — southern United States; West Indies ; continental tropical America ; Old World tropics. C. frutescens of Hitch- cock, from Inagua, and of Dolley, is this species. Bird Pepper. 4. LYCIUM L. Sp. PI. 191. 1753. Shrubs, or woody vines^ often spiny, with small alternate entire leaves, commonly with smaller ones fascicled in their axils, and white greenish or purple, solitary or clustered flowers. Calyx campanulate, 3-5-lobed or -toothed not enlarged in fruit, presistent. Corolla-tube short or slender, the limb 5 lobed (rarely 4-lobed), the lobes obtuse. Stamens 5 (rarely 4) ; filaments fill form, sometimes dilated at the base; anther-sacs longitudinally dehiscent Ovary 2-eelled; style filiform; stigma capitate or 2-lobed. Berry globose ovoid, or oblong. [Named from the country Lycia.] About 75 species widely distributed. Type species: Lycium afrum L. 1. Lycium spathulifdlium Britton, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3: 451. 1905. A glabrous shrub, 1.3 m. high or less, with long slender drooping branches, some of the twigs tipped by spines 2-4 mm. long, the bark gray. Leaves 2-4 together at the nodal cushions, or solitary, spatulate, fleshy, entire, 6-15 mm. long, 1.5-3 mm. wide, obtuse, long-attenuate from above the middle to the base; flowers few, solitary; peduncle filiform, 5 mm. long, gradually thickened above; calyx campanulate, 2-2.5 mm. long, somewhat scurfy, its teeth broadly ovate, obtuse, whitish-lanate ; corolla funnelform, white, its tube 4-5 mm. long, its 4 oblong obtusish lobes two thirds as long as the tube. Coppices at upper savannah, Inagua ; rocky plains. East Caicos and Ambergris Cay. Endemic. Inagua Lycium. 5. OESTRUM L. Sp. PI. 191. 1753. Shrubs or trees, with alternate entire petioled leaves, the mostly yellow or white flowers in cymes or panicled. Calyx 5-lobed or 5-toothed. Corolla salverform or funnelform, the tube long, slender, the 5 lobes spreading. Stamens borne on the corolla-tube, included; filaments filiform, often pilose below, sometimes with a tooth-like appendage; anthers small, their sacs parallel. Ovary 2-celled, usually short-stipitate ; ovules few; style filiform; stigma dilated, entire or 2-lobed. Fruit a small berry. Seeds oblong, smooth. [Greek, hammer, referring to the filaments.] Perhaps 150 species, natives of tropical America. Type species: Cestrum nocturnum L. 1. Cestrum bahamense Britton, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 123. 1905. A shrub 3 m. high or less, glabrous throughout, the bark light gray. Leaves ovate to ovate-elliptic, pale green on both sides, but slightly darker green above than beneath, 5-10 em. long, 5 em. wide or less, firm in texture, acute at both ends, or the apex obtusish, faintly 7-9-veined on each side of the 386 SOLANACEAE. mid-vein; petioles slender, 1-1.5 cm. long; cymes axillary, few-several-flowered, their peduncles mucli shorter than the petioles; pedicels 1.5-3 mm. long; calyx oblong-eampanulate in flower^ 4 mm. long, its teeth triangular-lanceo- late, 1.5 mm. long; corolla-tube greenish yellow, 9-13 mm. long, narrowly ob- conic, its lobes lanceolate, acuminate, purplish, 4-5 mm. long, Avhite-lanose within; stamens inserted on the tube of the corolla just below the lobes, the free part of the filament scarcely longer than the anther; berry blue-black, shining, obovoid, about 12 mm. long, 5-6 mm. thick; fruiting calyx broadly obconic, loosely enclosing the narrowed base of the berry. Coppices, savannas and scrub-lands, Great Bahama and Abaco to Andres, Cat Island and Long Island : — Cuban Cays. Referred by Grisebach, Dolley, Mrs. Northrop and Hitchcock to Oestrum pallidum, Lam. ; recorded by Coker as Solarium havanense Jacq. and by Schoepf as Cestrum vespertinum. Bahama Cestrum. Cbstrum diurnum L., recorded by Dolley, has been cultivated on New Provi- dence. 6. DATURA L. Sp. PI. 179. 1753. Tall narcotic herbs, some tropical species shrubs or trees, with alternate petioled leaves, and large solitary erect, short-peduncled, white purple or violet flowers. Calyx elongated-tubular or prismatic, its apex 5-cleft or spathe-like, in the following species circuniscissile near the base which is persistent and subtends the prickly capsule. Corolla funnelform, the limb plaited, 5-lobed, the lobes broad, acuminate. Stamens included or little exserted; filaments filiform, very long, inserted at or below the middle of the corolla-tube. Ovary 2-celled, or falsely 4-celled; style filiform; stigma slightly 2-lobed. Capsule 4-valved from the top, or bursting irregularly. [The Hindoo name, dhatura.] About 12 species, of wide distribution. Type species: Datura Stramonium L. Spines of the capsule subulate. Capsules erect. 1. D. Stramonium. Capsules nodding. 2. D. Metel. Spines of the capsule short, deltoid. 3. D. fastuosa. 1. Datura Stramonium L. Sp. PI. 179. 1753. Datura Tatula L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 256. 1762. Annual, glabrous or the young parts sparingly pubescent; stem stout, 3-15 dm. high. Leaves thin, ovate, acute or acuminate, mostly narrowed at the base, 0.7-2 dm. long, irregularly sinuate-lobed, the lobes acute ; flowers white, about 1 dm. high; calyx prismatic, less than one-half the length of the corolla; capsule ovoid, erect, densely prickly, about 5 cm, high. Waste places, Great Bahama, Lignum Vitae Cay, Eleuthera and Acklin's Island : — Bermuda ; temperate and tropical America ; West Indies ; Old World. Thorn-Apple. Washwoman's Bush. 2. Datura Metel L. Sp. PI. 179. 1753. Annual, finely glandular-pubescent, 1-3 m. high. Leaves broadly ovate, acute, inequilateral, rounded or subcordate at the base, 1-2.5 dm. long; flow- ers white, 1.5-1.8 dm. high; calyx about one-half as long as the corolla; capsule globose or ovoid-globose, nodding, obtuse, prickly and pubescent, 2.5-4 cm. in diameter. Waste grounds, Andros and Inagua : — southern United States ; West Indies ; Mexico and tropical America ; Old World tropics. Prickly-bur, 3. Datura fastuosa L. Syst. ed. 10, 932. 1759. Annual, nearly glabrous; stem erect, branched, 1-2 m. high. Leaves ovate-lanceolate to elliptic, 5-17 cm. long, acute or acuminate, undulate or SCROPHULAEIACEAE. 387 repand-dentate, the slender petioles 3-7 cm. long; calyx about 6 cm. long, its ovate lobes acute or sbort-aeuniinate; corolla violet without, white within, 14-18 cm. long; capsule ovoid, erect, 4-6 em. long, its stout prickles corrugated at the base. Waste places at Port Howe. Cat Island: — southern T'nited States; West Indies; continental tropical America ; Old World tropics. Garden Datura. Bell-flower. 7. NICOTIANA [Tourn.l L. Sp. PI. 180. 1753. Viscid-pubescent narcotic herbs or shrubs, with large alternate entire or slightly undulate leaves, and white yellow greenish or purplish flowers, in terminal racemes or panicles. Calyx tubular-campanulate or ovoid, 5-cleft. Corolla-tube usually longer than the limb, 5-lobed, the lobes spreading. Stamens 5, inserted on the tube of the corolla; filaments filiform; anther- sacs longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary 2-celled (rarely 4-celled) ; style slender; stigma capitate. Capsule 2-valved, or sometimes 4-valved at the summit. Seeds numerous, small. [Named for John Nicot, French ambassador to Portugal, who sent some species to Catherine de Medici, about 1560.] About 50 species, mostly natives of America, the following typical. 1. Nicotiana Tabacum L. Sp. PI. ISO. 1753. Annual, 1-2 m. high, little branched or simple-stemmed. Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 1-3 dm. long, sessile, acute or acuminate at the apex, narrowed at the base, the lower ones decurrent on the stem; calyx about 12 mm. long, its lobes ovate; corolla funnelform, about 5 cm. long, pi-nk, its lobes triangular-subulate; capsule longer than the calyx. Spontaneous in waste places. Great Bahama : — widely cultivated and spontaneous after cultivation in warm and tropical regions. Native of South America. Tobacco. Family 10. SCROPHULARIACEAE Lindl. FiGwoRT Family. Herbs, shrubs or trees, with estipulate leaves, and perfect, mostly com- plete and irregular flowers (corolla wanting in one species of Sy)2thi/ris). Calyx inferior, persistent, 4-5-toothed, -cleft, or -divided, or sometimes split on the low-er side, or on both sides, the lobes or segments valvate, imbricate or distinct in the bud. Corolla gamopetalous, the limb 2-lipped, or nearly regular. Stamens 2, 4 or 5, didynamous, or nearly equal, inserted on the corolla and alternate with its lobes; anthers 2-celled; the sacs equal, or unequal, or sometimes confluent into one. Disk present or obsolete. Pistil 1, entire or 2-lobed; ovary superior, 2-celled, or rarely 1-celled; ovules anatropous or amphitropous, on axile placentae; style slender, simple ; stigma entire, 2-lobed or 2-lamellate. Fruit mostly capsular and septicidally or loculicidally dehiscent. Seeds mostly numerous : endospenn fleshy; embryo small, straight or slightly curved; cotyledons little broader than the radicle. About 165 genera and 2,700 species, widely distributed. Upper lip or lobes of the corolla external in the bud, or wanting. Corolla-tube with a sac on the lower side; vines. 1. Maurandya. Corolla-tube without a sac. Flowers cymose ; our species a shrub. 2. RusseUia. Flowers solitary, racemose or spicate ; herbaceous plants. Anther-bearing stamens 4 (rarely 5) ; corolla 2-lipped or nearly regular. 388 SCKOPHULAEIACEAE. Sepals equal or nearly so. 3. Stemodia. Sepals very unequal. Corolla nearly regular. 4. Bramia. Corolla manifestly 2-Iipped. 5. Mecardonia. Anther-bearing stamens 2 ; corolla of only 1 lip ; minute herbs. 6. Hemianthus. Lower lip or lobes of the corolla external in the bud (except in Cupraria and Scoparia) . Sepals distinct or nearly so. Corolla-lobes 5 ; leaves alternate. 7. Capraria. Corolla-lobes 4 ; leaves opposite. 8, Scoparia. Sepals more or less united below into a tube. Corolla campanulate to funnelform ; capsule not enclosed in the calyx. Stamens equal or nearly so. 0. Afzelia. Stamens manifestly didynamous. 10. Agalinis. Corolla salverform ; capsule nearly enclosed by the calyx. 11. Buchnera. 1. MAURu^DYA Ort. Hort. Matr. Dec. 21. 1797. Annual or perennial vines, the leaves alternate, or opposite below, flat, hastate, angulate or coarsely toothed. Flowers on axillary peduncles. Sepals partially united. Corolla shovs^y, pink, purple or violet, irregular, its tube scarcely gibbous at the base, with 2 often pubescent lines or plaits in the throat. Stamens 4, included; filaments thickened at the apex; anther-sacs often confluent. Styles with 2 dilated lobes at the apex. Ovules numerous. Capsule short, opening by transverse or irregular chinks. Seeds sometimes winged, wrinkled or tuberculate. [In honor of Maurandy, a botanist of Cartagena.] About 6 species, natives of warm and tropical America. Type species: Usteria scandens Cav, 1. Maurandya antirrhinaeflora H. & B.; Willd. Hort. Berol. pi 83. 1807. Antirrhinum antirrJiiniflora Hitchc. Eep. Mo. Bot. Card. 4: 113. 1893, A'ery slender, climbing or trailing, sometimes to a length of 3 m. or more, glabrous throughout. Leaves triangular-hastate, acute, 1-2.5 cm. long, slen- der-petioled ; peduncles very slender, mostly longer than the petioles; sepals linear-lanceolate, acuminate, nearly as long as the corolla- tube ; corolla purple, 1.5 cm. long, its limb much shorter than its tube; capsule depressed-globose, about 1 cm. in diameter. Roadsides, walls and thickets, New Providence : — southwestern United States and Mexico ; naturalized in Florida, Bermuda and in Jamaica. RoviXG Sailor. 2. RUSSELLIA Jacq. Enum. 6, 25. 1760. Shrubby plants, with opposite or whorled leaves, sometimes reduced to mere scales, and cymose or panicled, mostly showy flowers. Calyx-lobes ovate. Corolla tubular, or tubular-funnelform, the tube long, the lobes short, some- what unequal. Stamens 4, with divergent anther-sacs; no staminodes. Cap- sule ovoid to globose. [In honor of Alexander Eussell, English physician and traveller, who died in 1768.] About 15 species, natives of tropical America. Type species: Bussellia sarmentosa Jacq. 1. Russellia equisetiformis Schl. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 377. 1831. Bussellia juncea Zucc. Flora 15: Beibl. 99. 1832. A glabrous, much-branched shrub, 4-12 dm. high, with spreading or arch- ing striate branches, the twigs very slender. Leaves of the stem and branches, or most of them, reduced to acute scales about 2 mm. long, those of sterile SCEOPHULARIACEAE. 389 twigs spatulate, 1.5 cm. long or less; calyx about 4 mm. long; corolla bright red, about 2.5 cm. long, its lobes ovate, 4-6 mm. long; capsule ovoid. Roadsides. New Providence, St. George's Cay, Cat Island. Native of Mexico. Naturalized in Florida, Bermuda, Jamaica and from Porto Rico to Tortola ; Barbadoes. RUSSELLIA. FOUKTAIN-PLANT. 3. STEMODIA L. Syst. ed. 10, 1118. 1759. Herbs or low shrubs, mostly glandular-pubescent and odorous, with oppo- site or verticillate leaves, the flowers solitary in the axils or in terminal, often leafy-bracted spikes or racemes. Calyx 5-parted, the segments imbricated, nearly distinct and equal. Corolla with a nearly cylindric tube and a 2- lipped limb, the upper lip notched or entire, erect, external in the bud, the lower 3-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous, included; filaments filiform; anther- sacs distinct, stipitate. Ovules many; style usually 2-lobed. Capsule 2- valved, the valves 2-cleft. Seeds striate or reticulated, small. [Greek, double stamens.] About 30 species, of tropical and subtropical regions, the follow- ing typical. 1. Stemodia maritima L. Syst. ed. 10, 1118. 1759. Perennial (?), pubescent or puberulent and somewhat viscid, usually much branched, 6 dm. high or less, the branches decumbent or ascending, leafy. Leaves opposite, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 1-2.5 cm. long, serrate, sessile, acutish at the apex, cordate at the base; flowers nearly sessile in the axils, solitary, shorter than the leaves; calyx about 2 mm. long; corolla purplish, longer than the calyx, its upper lip nearly entire. Moist ground and marshes. Andros, New Providence, Eleuthera, Cat Island, Watling's Island, Fortune Island, Acklin's Island, Mariguana, Great Exuma : — Cuba to Porto Rico ; Jamaica ; Curasao ; South America. Recorded by Hitchcock from Cat Island as 8. durantifoHa (L.) Sw. Coast Stemodia. 4. BRAMIA Lam. Encycl. 1: 439. 1785. Diffuse or prostrate herbs, with opposite, mostly entire, obtuse, palmately veined leaves, and small peduncled flowers, mostly solitary in the axils. Calyx subtended by 2 bracts, 5-parted, the upper segment the broadest. Corolla nearly regular, the tube cylindric, the limb nearly equally 5-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous, included. Style slender; stigma capitate, or 2-lobed. Seeds numerous. [From Brami, a Malabar name.] About 20 species of warm and tropical regions. Type species: Bramia indica Lam. 1. Bramia Monnieri (L.) Drake, PI. Polyn. Franc. 142. 1892. Lysimacliia Monnieri L. 'Cent. PI. 2: 9. 1756. Gratiola Monnieri L. Syst. ed. 10, 851. 1759. Herpestis Monnieria H.B.K. Nov. Gen. 2: 366s 1818. Monniera Brownei Pers. Syn. 2: 166. 1806. Monniera Monniera Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 292. 1894. Bacopa Monniera Wettst. in E. & P. Nat. Pflanz. 4^^: 77. 1891. Perennial, glabrous, fleshy; stem creeping, rooting at the nodes, 1.5-5 dm. long. Leaves spatulate or cuneate-obcordate, sessile, rounded at the apex, entire, or sparingly denticulate, 6-20 mm. long; peduncles mainly in alternate axils, 2-bracteolate at the summit, in fruit longer than the leaves; flowers pale blue, about 1 cm. long; upper calyx-segment ovate, acute; corolla ob- 390 SCEOPHULAEIACEAE. seurely 2-lipped; stamens nearly equal; capsule ovoid, acute, shorter than the calyx. Wet places, Great Bahama, Abaco, Andros, New Providence, Eleuthera to Wat- ling's Island and Long Island : — Bermuda ; southeastern United States ; West Indies ; continental tropical America and Old World tropics. Monxier's Hedge-hyssop. 5. MECARDONIA Euiz & Pavon, Syst. 164. 1798. Perennial, erect or diffuse, low herbs, with opposite serrate pinnately veined leaves, and solitary axillary slender-peduncled flowers. Sepals 5, unequal, the upper one the largest. Corolla 2-lipped, the upper lip emarginate. Stamens 4, borne on the throat of the corolla. Disc wanting. Stigma 2- lobed. Capsule septicidally dehiscent. Seeds numerous. [Commemorates Meca y Cardona, a founder of the Botanical Garden of Barcelona.] About 4 species of tropical and subtropical America. Type species: Mecardonia ovata Euiz & Pavon, 1. Mecardonia procumbens (Mill.) Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 1065, 1338. 1903. Erimis procumhens Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, no. 6. 1768. Glabrous, usually branched from the base, the branches decumbent or sub- erect, 1.5-4 dm. long. Leaves ovate or oval, 1-2 cm. long, serrate, short- petioled, darkening in drying; peduncles slender, as long as the leaves or longer, sometimes 3 times as long; upper sepal at length 8-10 mm. long; corolla white or pink, about 10 mm. long; capsule oblong, 6-10 mm. long. Sandy coppices and clearings. Great Bahama :- — Florida ; Cuba to St. Croix ; Antigua ; "^Grenada to Trinidad ; Jamaica ; continental tropical America. 6. HEMIANTHUS Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 1: 119. 1817. Diminutive prostrate herbs, often rooting at the nodes, with opposite entire 3-nerved leaves, and minute solitary, nearly sessile or peduncled flowers. Calyx deeply cleft, 4-lobed. Corolla (in our species) 1-lipped, the lip 3-lobed, its middle lobe somewhat longer than the lateral ones. Stamens 2, borne on the throat of the corolla; filaments short, with a basal appendage; staminodes none. Style 2-cleft above the middle. Capsule globose, 2-valved, membranous. Seeds several or many, few-ribbed and transversely striate. [Greek, referring to the deficient corolla.] A few species of the West Indies and the eastern United iStates. Type species : Hemiantlius micranthemoides Nutt. 1. Hemianthus callitrichoides Griseb. Mem. Am. Acad. II. 8: 522. 1862. Hemiantlius multiflorus C. Wright; Griseb. Cat. PI. Cub. 185. 1866. Glabrous ; matted ; stems filiform, 2-4 cm. long. Leaves elliptic, membran- ous, sessile, about 3 mm. long, rounded or obtuse at the apex; peduncles fili- form, 1-3 mm. long; calyx about 1 mm. long; lobes of the corolla-lip oblong. Creeping on wet soil and mud, Andros, Cat Island, Acklin's Island : — Cuba. Water-stabwort Hemianthus. 7. CAPRARIA L. Sp. PL 628. 1753. Perennial herbs or shrubby plants. Leaves alternate, longer than broad, toothed. Flowers on axillary pedicels. Calyx of 5 narrow, almost equal SCKOPHULARIACEAE. 391 sepals. Corolla ^vhite, cami^anulate, with 5 flat lobes. Stamens usually 4; anther-sacs 2, divergent, confluent. Stigmas dilated or 2-lobed. Capsule short, '2-grooved, loculieidally dehiscent. Seeds reticulated. [Latin, from capra, a nanny-goat.] About 4 species, of tropical and subtropical America, the following typical. 1. Capraria biflora L. Sp. PI. 628. 1753. Capraria hiflora pilosa Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I. 427. 1861. Stems 3-9 dm. tall, branching, sometimes pubescent. Leaves oblanceolate, cuneate or oblong, 1-4 cm. long, acute, sharply serrate above the middle; pedicels solitary or 2 together, shorter than the leaves; sepals linear-lanceolate to linear-subulate, 4-6 mm. long; corolla about 1 cm. long, the tube campanu- late, the lobes lanceolate, about as long as the tube; capsules oval or oval- ovoid, about as long as the tepals. Roadsides, waste grounds and costal dunes, Abaco and Andros to Grand Turk, Ambergris Cay and Inagua : — Bermuda : Florida, Texas, soutli through continental tropical America ; \yest Indies. Goat- weed. Stow-weed. 8, SCOPARIA L. Sp. PI. 116. 1753. Herbs or low shrubs, mostly branched, wath opposite or verticillate, punc- tate leaves, and small bractless pedicelled flowers solitary or in pairs in the axils. Calyx 4-5-parted, the segments nearly distinct, imbricated. Corolla nearly rotate, 4-cleft, densely bearded in the throat, its lobes nearly equal, obtuse. Stamens 4, nearly equal; filaments filiform; anther-sacs distinct, par- allel or divergent. Style clavate above; stigma truncate or notched; ovules many. Capsules septicidally dehiscent, its valves entire, membranous. Seeds many, angular. [Latin, a broom.] About 6 species, of tropical and sub- tropical America, the following typical one also widely distributed in warm and tropical parts of the Old World. 1. Scoparia dulcis L. Sp. PI. 116. 1753. Annual, glabrous, often much branched, 3-10 dm. high, the branches slender. Leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, opposite or verticillate in 3 's or 4's, serrate or the upper ones entire, short-petioled, acute at the apex, nar- rowed or cuneate at the base, the lower 2-3 cm. long, the upper smaller; pedicels filiform, as long as the upper leaves or shorter, often borne in most of the axils; sepals oblong or oblong-obovate, acute, sometimes ciliolate, about 1.5 mm. long; corolla white, 3-4 mm. wide; capsule ovoid-globose, a little longer than the sepals. Waste places. New Providence, Great Exuma : — southern United States : West Indies ; tropical and subtropical continental America ; Old World tropics. Scoparia. 9. AFZELIA Gmel. Syst. 2: 927. 1791. Erect branched herbs, mostly with opposite leaves, at least the lower 1-2- pinnately parted or dissected, and yellow flowers solitary in the axils, or in terminal bracted spikes or racemes. Calyx campanulate, 5-eleft or 5-parted. Corolla slightly irregular, campanulate or rotate, the tube short, the limb 5- lobed, the lower lobe exterior in the bud. Stamens 4, slightly unequal; fila- ments short, villous, at least near the base; anthers 2-celled, the sacs parallel, distinct. Capsule acute and more or less compressed at the summit. Seeds 392 SCEOPHULARIACEAE. numerous, reticulated. [Named for Adam Afzelius, 1750-1812, botanical pro- fessor at Upsala.] About 10 species, of tbe southern United States and Mexico, the following typical one reaching the Bahamas. 1. Afzelia cassioides (Walt.) Gmel. Syst. 2: 927. 1791. Anonymos cassioides Walt. Fl. Car. 171. 1788. Puberulent, much branched, 0.5-1.2 m. high, the very slender branches ascending. Leaves approximate, sessile or nearly so, 1-2.5 cm. long, dissected into filiform segments; flowers in long narrow racemes terminating the branches and usually also in the upper axils; pedicels filiform, 3-7 mm. long; calyx-tube 1 mm. long, the lobes filiform, 1-2 mm. long; corolla glabrous, about 8 mm. broad; capsule 5-6 mm. long, its acute tip flattened. Pine-lands of Great Bahama : — southeastern United States. Afzelia. 10. AGALINIS Eaf. X. Fl. 2: 61. 1837. Erect herbs, mainly with opposite and sessile narrow leaves. Flowers showy, usualy large, purple, pink or white, in loose bracted racemes. Calyx campanulate;, 5-toothed or 5-lobed. Corolla somewhat irregular, campanulate, or funnelform, the tube broad, the limb 5-lobed, slightly 2-lipped, the lower lobes exterior in the bud. Stamens 4, didynam.ous, included; filaments pubes- cent; anthers 2-celled, their sacs obtuse or mucronate at the base; style fili- form. Capsule loculicidally dehiscent, many-seeded. Seeds mostly angled. Tyxje species: AgaUnis palustris Eaf. Pedicels short, not longer than the calyx. 1. A. Harperi. Pedicels as long as the calyx or longer, at least in fruit. 2. A. spiciflora. 1. Agalinis Harperi Pennell; Small, Fl. Miami 167, 200. 1913. Annual, glabrous or nearly so, little-branched, 8 dm. high or less. Leaves narrowly linear, 1.5-3.5 em. long, spreading; bracts similar to the leaves, the lower often as long as the flowers; racemes 8-20-flowered, the flowers mostly opposite; pedicels shorter than the calyx, 2-3 mm. long; calyx-lobes triangular- lanceolate, about 1 mm. long; corolla 15-18 mm. long, pubescent without, pinkish purple, with 2 yellow lines within, the lobes rounded or truncate, ciliate; stamens woolly; capsule subglobose, 4-5 mm. long. Borders of marshes and in scrub-lands. Great Bahama, Abaco, Andros and Eleu- thera : — Florida. Reported by Mrs. Northrop and also by Dolley as Oerardia pur- purea L. ; recorded as Gerardia domingensis Spreng. In Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4 : 125. 2. Agalinis spiciflora (Engelm.) Pennell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 71: 277. 1920. Gerardia spicifom Engelm. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. 5: 227. 1845. Annual, fleshy, glabrous, branched or simple^ 2-6 dm. high, erect or usually so Leaves linear, 1-4 cm. long, spreading; bracts similar to the upper leaves, but much smaller, often not longer than the pedicels ; racemes distantly 4-12-flowered; pedicels 4-12 mm. long, ascending, longer than the calyx, thickened upward; calyx-lobes triangular, about 1 mm. long; corolla 15-20 mm. long, pink, puberulent without, its lobes rounded or emarginate, ciliate; stamens woolly; capsule globose or ovoid-globose, 4.5-6 mm. long. Marshy places. Abaco, Great Bahama, Andros, New Providence and Eleuthera : — southern T:'nited States : Cuba. Reported by Mrs. Northrop and by Coker as Gerardia maritima Raf., and as Gerardia purpurea L. bv Dolley. Marsh Agalixis. LENTIBULARIACEAE. 393 11. B17CHNEEA L. Sp. PL 630. 1753. Erect, perennial or biennial, strict hispid or scabrous herbs, blackening in drying, the lower leaves opposite, the upper sometimes alternate. Flowers rather large, white, blue, or purple, in terminal bracted spikes, the lower com- monly distant. Calyx tubular, or oblong, 5-10-nerved, 5-toothed. Corolla sal- verform, its tube cylindric, somewhat curved, its limb nearly equally 5-cleft, spreading, the lateral lobes exterior in the bud. Stamens 4, didynamous; anther-sacs confluent into 1. Style slender, thickened or club-shaped above; stigma small, entire or emaiginate. Capsule loculicidally dehiscent. Seeds numerous, reticulated. [Named for J. G. Buchner.] About 30 species, of warm and temperate regions. Type species: BucJinera americana L. 1. Buchnera elongata Sw. Prodr. 92. 1788. Stems rough-hispidulous, 2-5 dm. high, simple or branched above, slender. Leaves scabrous, sparingly toothed or entire, the basal ones obovate or oblong, short-petioled, 1-3 cm. long, those of the stem oblong to linear, 1,5-8 cm. long; spikes slender, distantly-flowered ; calyx 5-6 mm. long, hispidulous, its upper lobes triangular, acute; corolla blue or white, 9-12 mm. long, its tube some- what pubescent; capsules ovoid, 5-7 mm. long. Pine-lands and savannas, Great Bahama, Andros and New Providence : — Florida ; Jamaica ; Cuba ; Hispaniola ; continental tropical America. Buchxeea. Verbascum pulverulentum Mill, is recorded from Green Turtle Cay, Abaco, by Herrick. The specimen cannot be found among his plants nor has any species of the genus been seen by our collectors in the archipelago. LixARiA VULGARIS Mill, is reported by Dolley to be naturalized in the Bahamas. While this may be possible neither Mr. Brace, nor any of our other collectors, has seen the plant on the islands. It may have been cultivated. Family 11. LENTIBULARIACEAE Lindl.* Bladderwort Family. Aquatic plants, or terrestrial on moist gTound, Avitli the leaves basal and tufted, or borne on branching stems. Scapes erect. Flowers perfect, irregular. Calyx inferior, 2-5-parted. Corolla 2-lipped, spurred or sac- cate at the base. Stamens 2 ; anther-sacs confluent into 1. Ovary sujDerior, ovoid or globose, 1-celled, with a free-central placenta ; ovules numerous ; style short or none ; stigma 2-lamellate. Fruit a capsule, irregularly burst- ing, or dehiscent by valves. Seeds reticulate, or variously sculptured or appendaged; endosperm none. About 16 genera and 300 species, widely distributed. Scape with scales, or bracts, or both, 1-many-flowered ; calyx 2-parted ; corolla with a prominent palate, closing the throat. Pedicels several times as long as the bracts at their bases ; bractlets none. Bracts attached by the base ; lower corolla-lip faintly lobed. 1. Utricitlnria. Bracts peltate ; lower corolla-lip divergently 3-lobed. 2. SctiscapeJla. Pedicels barely if at all exceeding the bracts ; a pair of lateral bractlets as well as a bract at the base of each pedicel. 3. Stomoisia. Scape naked. 1-flowered ; calyx o-parted : corolla with a subulate palate within the tube, or none, the throat open. 4. Pinguicula. * Contributed by Dr. John H. Barnhart. 26 394 LENTIBULARIACEAE. 1. UTRICULAKIA L. Sp. PI. 18. 1753. Aquatic herbs, the submersed stems with finely divided leaves bearing minute bladders. Flowers racemose or solitary at the summits of the scapes, each pedicel with a single bract at its base. Calyx 2-parted, the lobes herb- aceous. Corolla strongly '2-lippedj the lower lip with a prominent 2-lobed palate. [Latin, utricuhis, a little bag.] About 75 species, of wide distribu- tion. Type species: Utricularia vulgaris L. Stems free-floating ; scapes many-flowered ; pedicels recurved in fruit. 1. U. foHosa. Stems creeping on the bottom in shallow water ; scapes 1-4-flowered ; pedicels straight, ascending in fruit. 2. U.pumila. 1. Utricularia foliosa L. Sp. PL 18. 1753. Stems elongate, up to 25 dm. or more long, free-floating except for a single point of attachment. Leaves 3-10 cm. long, forked at the base, each fork pinnately dissected into numerous capillary segments, often copiously bladder-bearing; scapes solitary, 1-3 dm. high, 10-20-flowered; pedicels re- curved in fruit; corolla yellow, 15-20 mm. broad; spur slenderly conic, shorter than the lower lip; capsules few-seeded. Fresh water of a palmetto swamp at Barnett's Point, Great Bahama : — Florida to Louisiana ; Cuba ; Haiti ; Jamaica. Leafy Bladderwort. 2. Utricularia pumila Walt. Fl. Car. 64. 1788. Stems short, creeping on the bottom in shallow water, radiating from the base of the scape. Leaves less than 1 cm. long, dichotomously divided into few capillary segments, bladder-bearing; scapes solitary or 2 together, 5-12 cm. high, 1-4-flowered; pedicels erect-ascending in fruit; corolla yellow, 12-15 mm. broad; spur slenderly conic or subulate, equalling or usually exceeding the lower lip; capsules many-seeded. In shallow water, Great Bahama, Andros, New Providence, Great Exuma : — eastern United States. Specimens from Andros, without flowers, were doubtfully determined by Morong as U. foliosa L. and as U. gibha L. ; the former is certainly, the latter probably, referable to this species. Two-flowered Bladderwort. 2. SETISCAPELLA Barnh. in Small, Fl. Miami 170. 1913. Terrestrial herbs, with short root-like branches from the base of the scape, the delicate and evanescent leaves and minute bladders rarely seen. Flowers in zig-zag racemes or solitary at the summits of the wiry scapes, each pedicel with a single peltate bract at its base. Calyx 2-parted, the lobes scarious, ribbed. Corolla 2-lipped, the lower lip divergently 3-lobed, with a prominent 2-lobed palate. [Latin, seta, bristle, and scapus, scape.] About 12 species, in Asia, Africa and America, the following typical. 1. Setiscapella sutoulata (L.) Barnh. in Small, Fl. Miami 170. 1913. Utricularia subulata L. Sp. PI. 18. 1753. Stems and leaves usually evanescent before flowering-time. Scapes 3-20 cm. high, filiform, bronze-colored, 1-12-flowered; pedicels ascending; corolla yellow, 4-6 mm. broad; spur appressed to the lower lip and nearly or quite equalling it in length. In mud, near Deep Creeli, Andros : — eastern United States ; Cuba ; Porto Rico ; northern and eastern South America. Zig-zag Bladderwort. BIGNONIACEAE. 396 3. STOMOISIA Eaf. Fl. Telliir. 4: 108. 1838. Terrestrial herbs, with, short root-like branches from the base of the scape, the delicate and evanescent leaves and minute bladders rarely seen. Flowers racemose, often subscapose^ or solitary at the summits of the slender scapes, each pedicel with a bract and a pair of bractlets at its base. Calyx 2-parted, the lobes thin and veiny. Corolla strongly 2-lipped, the upper lip with a dis- tinct claw, the lower consisting chiefly of the helmet-shaped, laterally com- pressed palate. [Greek, hairy mouth.] About 50 species, of wdde distribu- tion, the following typical. 1. Stomoisia cornuta (Michx.) Eaf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 108. 1838. Utricularia cornuta Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 12. 1803. Stem and leaves inconspicuous, rarely seen. Scapes stiffly erect, 1-4 dm. high, 2-5-flowered, the flowers approximate; pedicels usually shorter than the bracts; corolla yellow, the lower lip 12-15 mm. long; spur subulate, pendent, about 12 mm. long. In a larg-e sink-hole, near Deep Creek, Andros : — eastern North America ; Cuba. Horned Bladderwoet. 4. PINGUICULA L. Sp. PI. 17. 1753. Terrestrial herbs, with fibrous roots, and the entire leaves in a basal rosette. Flowers solitary at the summits of the naked scapes. Calyx 5-lobed, more or less 2-lipped. Corolla more or less 2-lipped, the spreading limb sometimes almost equally 5-lobed. Capsule 2-valved. [Latin, pinguis, fat, the leaves of some species being greasy to the touch.] About 30 species, of wide distribution. Type species: Pinguicula vulgaris L. 1. Pinguicula pumila Michx. FL Bor. Am. 1: 11. 1803. Leaves elliptic-obovate, 1-3 cm. long, rounded at the apex, narrowed at the base but scarcely petioled, faintly veined. Scapes very slender, erect, 0.5-2 dm, high; calyx-lobes 2-3 mm. long, oblong, obtuse; corolla pale violet or white, somew^hat 2-lipped but the 5 lobes subequal, 1-2 cm. broad; spur subulate, about 3 mm. long, longer than the sac-like base of the corolla; capsule subglobose, a little longer than the calyx-lobes. Savannas, Andros : — southeastern United States. Low Butterwort. Family 12. BIGNONIACEAE Pers. Trumpet-creeper Family. Trees, shrubs or woody vines, a few species herbaceous, with oppo- site (rarely alternate) leaves, and mostly large and show^y, clustered, more or less irregular flowers. Calyx inferior, gamosepalous. Corolla gamopetalous, 5-lobed, somewhat 2-lipped, at least in the bud. Anther- bearing stamens 2 or 4, inserted on the tube of the corolla and alternate with its lobes; anthers 2-celled, the sacs longitudinally dehiscent. Disk annular or cup-like. Ovary mostly 2-celled; plancentae parietal, or on the partition-wall of the ovary; ovules numerous, horizontal, anatropous; style slender; stigma terminal, 2-lobed. Capsule 2-valved. Seeds flat, 396 BIGNONIACEAE. transverse, winged in many genera ; endosperm none ; eo'tyledons broad and flat, emarginate or 2-lobecl; radicle short, straight. About 60 genera and over 500 species of wide distribution in tropical regions, a few in the temperate zones. Fruit a capsule. Capsule elongated, terete. Corolla funnelform. Leaves simple or digitate. 1. Tahehuia. Leaves pinnate. 2. Tecoma. Corolla sliort-campanulate. 3. Macrocatalpa. Capsule short, flat, woody. 4. Jacaranda. Fruit indehiscent. 5. Crescentia. 1. TABEBUIA Gomez, Obs. 2: 7, ijI. 2. 1803. Trees or shrubs, with opposite petioled, digitately 1-7-foliolate or simple leaves, the large showy flowers in terminal cymes or panicles. Calyx tubular, variously toothed or cleft. Corolla funnelform or funnelform-campanulate, the limb spreading, slightly 2-lipped or nearly regular, the 5 lobes rounded. Stamens 4, didynamous, included; filaments slender, curved; anthers oblong or linear, glabrous. Ovary sessile; ovules many, in 2-several series. Capsule linear or linear-oblong, nearly terete, loculicidally dehiscent, its valves mem- branous or coriaceous, convex. Seeds numerous, winged. [Brazilian name.] Seventy-five species or more, natives of tropical America. Type species: Bignonia Tdbebuya Veil. Leaflets mostly 3, green on both sides ; lateral leaflets sessile or nearly so. 1. T. lepidota. Leaflets mostly 5, white-lepidote beneath ; all the leaflets peti- oled. 2. T. bahamensis. 1. Tabebuia lepidota (H.B.K.) Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 42: 377. 1915. Bignonia lepidota H.B.K. Nov. Gen. 3: 139. 1818. Tecoma lepidota DC. Prodr. 9: 220. 184-5. A shrub, 1-3 m. high, or in Cuba sometimes a tree up to about 6 m. high, the young twigs more or less lepidote. Leaves mostly 3-foliolate, rarely 1-2- foliolate, or those of shoots 5-foliolate; petioles 1-2.5 cm. long; leaflets oblance- olate to oblong-obovate, about 5 cm. long or less, coriaceous, rounded or retuse at the apex, narrowed at the base, the terminal one stalked, the lateral ones sessile, all somewhat lepidote, at least beneath; flowers usually few, pink, 5-7 cm. long; calyx lepidote, oblique; capsule 6-12 cm. long. Scrub-lands. Andros : — ^Cuba. The specimens are incomplete and are referred to this species with hesitation. 2. Tabebuia bahamensis (Northrop) Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 42: 379. 1915. Tecoma bahamensis Northrop, Mem. Torr. Club 12: 65. 1902. Bignonia pentaphylla L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 870. 1763. Not Tahebuia penta- pJiylla (Juss.) Hemsl. 1882. A shrub or small tree up to 10 m. high, the young twigs lepidote. Leaves 3-5-foliolate, long-petioled; leaflets oblong to elliptic, stalked, 2-7 cm. long, entire, rounded or retuse at the apex, mostly obtuse at the base, densely white-lepidote beneath, sparingly lepidote or elepidote above; panicles several- flowered; pedicels rather stout, brown-lepidote, 12 mm. long or less; calyx narrowly campanulate, brown-lepidote, irregularly 2-lipped, 1-1.5 cm. long; corolla pink, 4-6 cm. long, its lobes rounded, slightly undulate; capsule 8-12 cm. long, about 7 mm. thick. Scrub-lands, pine-lands and coppices. Great Bahama, Abaco, South Bimini and Andros to Crooked Island. North Caicos and Inagua :-^Cuba. Beef-bush. Guxwood. Abo\'e-alt.. White Cedar. Referred by Grisebach and by Dolley to Tecoma Leu- coxylon Mart. Catesby, 1 : vl- 37. BIGNONIACEAE. 397 2. TECOMA Juss. Gen. 139. 1789. Shrubs or trees, with opposite, pinnate or rarely simple leaves, and large flowers racemose or panicled at the ends of the branches. Calyx tubular- eampanulate, 5-toothed. Corolla funnel form-campanulate, the limb slightly 2-lipped, 5-lobed, the lobes nearly equal. Stamens 4, didynamous. Ovary sessile or nearly sessile; ovules mostly in one series on the placentae. Capsule linear, loculicidally dehiscent, many-seeded, the seeds winged. [From the Aztec name Tecomaxochitl.] About 10 species^ natives of tropical and warm- temperate America, the following typical. 1. Tecoma stans (L.) H.B.K. Nov. Gen. 3: 144. 1818. Bignonia stans L. iSp. PI. ed. 2, 871. 1763. Stenolobium stans Seem. Journ. Bot. 1: 88. 1863. A shrub, or small tree up to about 8 m. high, glabrous throughout. Leaves 1-3 dm. long, petioled; leaflets 5-13, lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate or elliptic, short-stalked, serrate, acute or acuminate at the apex, mostly narrowed at the base; racemes several-many-flowered; pedicels slender, 1 cm. long or less; calyx 3-5 mm. long, its teeth triangular-ovate, acute; corolla bright yellow, 8.5-5 cm. long, the cylindrie part of its tube about twice as long as the calyx, its lobes broad; capsule 1-2 dm. long, 5-6 mm. in diameter, beaked. Waste places, scrub-lands and borders of coppices, New Providence. Cat Island, Watling's Island, Grand Turk and Inagua : — Florida ; continental tropical America and the West Indies. Trumpet-flower. Yellow Elder. 3. MACROCATALPA Britton, Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 19: 8. 1918. [Catalpa, sect. Macrocatalpa Griseb. Cat. PI. Cub. 191. 1866.] Trees, with opposite or verticillate, simple, ovate to oblong-lanceolate, slender-petioled entire leaves, and medium-sized flowers panicled at the ends of the branches. Calyx closed in bud, 2-cleft at anthesis. Corolla mem- branous, obliquely campanulate, the short tube much expanded above, the limb 2-lipped, 5-lobed, the lobes broad, obtuse, undulate. Stamens 2, in- eluded, the filaments slender, the anthers glabrous; staminodia 3, small. Ovary sessile; style filiform; stigma 2-lamellate; ovules in several series. Capsule linear, very long, subterete. Seeds compressed, linear, long-pilose. [Greek, great Catalpa.] Two or three species, natives of the West Indies, the follow- ing typical. 1. Macrocatalpa punctata (Griseb.) Britton, Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 19: 8. 1918. ('l)Echites macrocarpa A, Eich, in Sagra, Hist. Cub. 11: 94. 1850. Catalpa punctata Griseb. Cat. PI. Cub. 192. 1866. A tree, sometimes 10 m. high, the branches spreading, the young shoots puberulent. Leaves opposite or some of them verticillate in 3 '^s, oblong to elliptic, subcoriaceous, 5-7 cm. long, obtuse, rounded, or acutish at the apex, mostly rounded at the base, finely reticulate-veined beneath and lepidote- puncticulate when young, dull and glabrous above, the petioles 1-3 cm. long, puberulent when young; panicles few-several-flowered, slender-peduncled; pedicels very slender, 8-20 mm. long; calyx-lobes lepidote, obtuse, about 7 mm. long; corolla light yellow with orange and brown bands in the throat, 1.2-2 cm. long; capsule 3-4 dm. long. Coppices, Andros : — Cuba. Cuban Catalpa. . 398 BIGXOXIACEAE. [Macrocatalpa longissima (Jacq.) Britton (Catalpa longissima Jacq.) is reported by Hitelieock from Cat Island^ and a speciment of the species so labeled is in his collections. We judge, hoTvever, that there is an error in this report and in the labeling of the specimen, as Prof. Hitchcock admits the possibility of error and does not remember the exact locality where the speci- men may have been collected^ nor could we find the tree in passing over his exact route with the native who accompanied him. The Jamaica specimen in his collection is a counterpart of the one labeled Cat Island. Prof. Eoth- rock, who was with him, returns no specimen from Cat Island though his col- lections contain a counterpart of Prof. Hitchcock's from Jamaica.] 4. JACARANDA Juss. Gen. 138. 1789. Trees, with opposite, mostly bipinnate leaves, and showy panicled blue or violet flowers. Calyx campanulate or tubular-campanulate, 5-toothed. Corolla obliquely f unnelf orm, the tube cylindric below, expanded above, the limb some- what 2-lipped, with 5 spreading rounded lobes. Stamens 4, didynamous, included; anthers glabrous; staminodium about as long as the stamens, clavate, usually villous. Ovary 2-celled, sessile; ovules borne in 1 or 2 series. Capsule oblong to siiborbicular, compressed, loculicidally dehiscent, its flat valves cori- aceous or ligneous. Seeds flat, winged. [Brazilian name.] About 20 species, natives of tropical America, the following typical. 1. Jacaranda coerulea (L.) Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I. 446. 1861. Bignonia coerulea L. Sp. PI. 625. 1753. Jacaranda caroliniana Pers. Syn. 2: 174. 1806. Jacaranda haliamensis E. Br. Bot. Mag. under yl. 2327. 1822. A tree, attaining a maximum height of about 12 m., the foliage glabrous. Leaves evenly bipinnate^ petioled, often 3 dm. long; pinnae 4-13 pairs, stalked; leaflets 17-35, obliquely oblong, sessile, 1-2.5 cm. long, acutish at the apex, narrowed at the base; panicle many-flowered, 1-2 dm. long, puberulent; pedicels short; calyx puberulent, 5-6 mm. long, its teeth triangular, acute; corolla puberulent, about 4 cm. long; capsule oval, glabrous, 4-6 cm. long, emarginate. Scrub-lands and coppices. Andros, New Providence, Eleuthera, Cat Island, Great Guana Cay, and Great Esuma : — Cuba : recorded from Martinique. Boxwood. Cancer- TKEE, What o'clock. Catesby, 1 : pi. If2. 5. CRESCENTIA L. Sp. PI. 626. 1753. Trees, with glabrous simple alternate or fascicled leaves, and large, solitary or clustered, lateral or axillary flowers. Calyx leathery, closed in bud, 2-parted or 5-cleft at anthesis. Corolla with a subcampanulate swollen tube and an oblique lacerate or 5-lobed limb. Stamens 4, didynamous, included or a little exserted; anthers glabrous. Ovary 1-celled, sessile; ovules many, on 2 parietal placentae. Fruit globose or ovoid, large, indehiscent, the shell hard. Seeds numerous, wingless, compressed, borne on spongy placentae. [Commemorates Petrus de Crescentius, a celebrated Italian, born in 1230.] About 5 species, natives of tropical America, the following typical. 1. Crescentia Cujete L. Sp. PI. 626. 1753. A tree, attaining a maximum height of about 10 m.^ the trunk up to 2 dm. in diameter, with long spreading branches. Leaves spatulate to oblance- MAETYNIACEAE. 399 olate, fascicled, 5-15 cm. long, obtuse, acute or short-acuminate at the apex, narrowed to the nearly sessile base; flowers stout-peduncled; calyx 2-2.5 cm. long, its lobes broad, rounded or obtuse; corolla yellowish-purple, 5-6 cm. long, its lobes lacerate, much shorter than the tube; fruit subglobose to oval, 1.5-3 dm. in diameter, its rind hard. Jumbie Hole, Acklin's Island : — Florida ; West Indies ; continental tropical America. Often planted for its valuable fruit. Calabash. Family 13. PEDALIACEAE Lindl. PEDALiu:\r Family. Mostly herbs, often mucilaginous, the leaves opposite or the upper alternate, and axillaiy, solitary or sometimes fascicled, perfect irregular flowers. Calyx 5-cleft or o-parted. Corolla with a subcylindric tube and a usually short, obscurely 2-lipped, 5-lobed limb. Stamens mostly 4 and didynamous, included; anthers dorsifixed, the sacs parallel, or in some genera distinct. Disk fleshy. Ovary sessile, 2-4-celled; ovules several or many, anatropous; style filiform. Fruit vai-ious. Seeds without endo- sperm. About 14 genera, including some 45 species, natives of the Old World. 1. SESAMUM L. Sp. PL 634. 1753. Herbs, usually erect, the lower leaves opposite, the upper alternate, or all sometimes alternate, the violet to white, short-peduncled flowers solitary in the axils. Calyx 5-parted. Tube of the corolla oblique at the base, somewhat gibbous, the limb 5-lobed, slightly 2-lipped, the lobes spreading. Stamens 4, didynamous, borne near the base of the corolla; anthers sagittate. Ovary 2- eelled; ovules many in each cavity, superimposed in a single series. Fruit an oblong, 4-sided loculicidal capsule. [Arabic name.] About 12 si>ecies, natives of tropical Africa and Asia, the following typical. 1. Sesamum orientale L. Sp. PI. 634. 1758. Sesamum indicum L. Sp. PI. 634. 1753. Erect, simple or branched, more or less pubescent, 0.7-2 m. high. Leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 7-15 cm. long, acuminate at the apex, mostly narrowed at the base, papillate beneath, the petioles 1-5 cm. long; peduncles about 4 mm. long; sepals linear-lanceolate, about 1 cm. long; corolla pale rose, 2-3 cm. long; capsule linear-oblong, short-beaked, 4-grooved, 2-3 cm. long. Spontaneous after cultivation, Eleuthera and Cat Island: — Florida; West Indies and continental tropical America. Native of the East Indies. Sesamew Benny-seed. Family 14. MAETYNIACEAE Link. UXICORX-PLANT FAMILY. Herbs, with opposite leaves, or the upper alternate, and perfect irreg- ular flowers. Calyx inferior, 4-5-cleft or 4-5-parted, or sometimes split to the base on the lower side. Corolla gamopetalous, irregular, the tube oblique, the limb slightly 2-lipped, 5-lobed, the lobes nearly equal, the 2 upper ones exterior in the bud. Anther-bearing stamens 4, didynamous, or 2, or the posterior pair sterile; anthers 2-celled, the sacs longitudinally dehiscent. 400 ACANTHACEAE. Ovary 1-cellecl, with 2 parietal placentEe expanded into broad surfaces, or 2-4-celled by the intrusion of tlae plaeentee or by false partitions; ovules anatropous; style slender; stigma 2-lobed or 2-lamellate. Seeds eom- jDressed; endosperm none; embryo large; cotyledons fleshy, flat; radicle short, straight. Three genera and about 12 species, mainly tropical. 1. MARTYNIA L. Sp. PL 618. 1753. Coarse glandular-j)ubescent and viscid strong-scented herbs, with long- petioled leaves, and large flowers in short terminal racemes. Calyx 1-2- bracteolate at the base, campanulate, inflated, deciduous. Corolla funnelform- campanulate. Anthers gland-tipped, their sacs divergent. Ovary 1-celled, the 2 parietal placentae intruded and expanded in the center of the cavity into broad surfaces bearing the ovules in 1 or 2 rows. Fruit an incurved beaked loculicidally 2-valved capsule, the exocarp somewhat fleshy, the endoearp fibrous, woody, crested below or also above, 4-celled by the extension of the placentae. iSeeds numerous, tuberculate. [Named for John Martyn, 1693- 1768, profesor of botany at Cambridge, England,] About 8 species, natives of America. Type species: Martynia annua L, 1. Martynia annua L. Sp. PI. 618. 1753. Martynia diandra Glox. Obs. Bot. 14. 1785. Aascid-pube?cent, branched, 5-8 dm. high, the stem and branches rather stout. Leaves thin, flaccid, opposite, long-petioled, ovate-orbicular, 8-15 cm. long, sinuate-dentate, palmately veined, acute at the apex, cordate at the base; racemes short-peduncled, several-flowered; pedicels 1-2 cm. long, slender, thickening and recurved in fruit; calyx very deeply 5-cleft, about 1.5 cm, long, its segments acute; stamens 2; corolla pink, or nearly white, 3-5 cm, long, its rounded lobes purj^le-blotched; capsule obliquely o\ci:l, compressed, 2-2.5 cm. long, viscid, tipped with a hooked beak about 3 mm. long. Waste places, Nassau, New Providence : — Cuba to Porto Rico, St. Thomas and Antigua : Martinique and Bequia ; continental tropical America. Small-fkuited Maetynia. Family 15. ACANTHACEAE J. St. Hil. Acanthus Family. Herbs, or some tropical genera shrubs or small trees, with opposite simple estipulate leaves, and in-egiilar, or nearly regular, jDerfect flowers. Calj'x inferior, persistent, 4-5-parted or 4— 5-cleft, the sepals or segments imbricated. Corolla gamopetalous, nearly regularly 5-lobed, or 2-lipped. Anther-bearing stamens 4, didynamous, or 2 only; anther-sacs longitu- dinally dehiscent. Disk annular, or eup-like. Ovary 2-celled; ovules 2-10 in each cavity, anatropous or amphitropous; style filiform, simple; stigmas 1 or 2. Capsule dry, 2-celled, loculicidally elastically 2-valved, Seeds not winged, borne on curved projections (retinaeula) from the placentas, the testa close, mostly roughened, often developing spiral threads and mucilage when wetted. About 175 genera and 2,000 species, natives of temperate and tropical regions. Herbs or shrubs. Stamens 4, didynamous. Caulescent herbs or shrubs. Flowers in densely bracted terminal spikes, 1. Blechnm. Flowers solitary or cymose. 2. RueUia. Acaulescent herbs with spicate flowers, 3. Gerardia. ACANTHACEAE. 401 Fertile stamens only 2. Shrubs with opposite spines; staminodia 2. 4. Anthacanthus. Unarmed herbs or shrubs ; staminodia none. Seeds 6-12. 5. Androyraphia. Seeds 2-4. Capsule oblong. 6. Justicia. Capsule ovate or orbicular. 7. Diapcdium. Twining vines : flowers solitary, axillary, subtended by 2 large bracts ; stamens 4. 8. Thunbergia. 1. BLECHUM P. Br.; Juss. Ann. Mus. Paris 9: 2G9. 1807. Perennial herbs, with repand-dentate or entire, petioled leaves^ and small flowers in dense terminal spikes, the large foliaceoiis bracts imbricated. Calyx 5-parted, the slightly unequal segments linear-subulate. Corolla with a slender tube little expanded above and a spreading, nearly equally 5-lobed limb, the lobes rounded. Stamens 4, didynamous, borne at or above the middle of the corolla-tube; anthers oblong, their sacs parallel. Ovules few or several in each ovary-cavity; style with a subulate apex. Capsule ovate or suborbicular with a short, narrowed base. Seeds orbicular. [Xame Greek, originally ap- plied to some different plant.] About 4 species, natives of tropical America. Type species: Euellia Bleclmm L. 1. Blechum Brownei Juss. Ann. Mus. Paris 9: 270. 1807. Annual, puberulent, erect or ascending, 2-7 dm. high, branched, the branches slender. Leaves ovate, thin, petioled, 2-7 cm. long, acute at the apex, obtuse or narrowed at the base; spikes dense, 4-sided, 3-6 cm. long; bracts ovate, pinuately veined, 1-1.5 cm. long, loosely strigose and ciliate, acutish at the apex, rounded at the base ; corolla whitish, a little longer than the subtending bract; capsule oblong, puberulent, about 6 mm. long. Waste places in good soil, Abaco, Andros, New Providence and Eleuthera : — West Indies and continental tropical America ; Philippine Islands. Blechum. 2. RUELLIA L. Sp. PI. 634. 1753. Perennial herbs, or shrubs, mostly pubescent, with entire or rarely dentate leaves and large flowers, solitary or clustered in the axils, or cymose in terminal panicles. Calyx 5-cleft or 5-parted, the segments narrow. Corolla funnelform or salverform, the tube usually narrow, slightly enlarged above, the limb spreading, 5-lobed, the lobes obtuse. Stamens 4, didynamous. Anther- sacs not mucronate at the base. Apex of the style recurved; stigma simple, or of 2 unequal lobes. Capsule oblong or club-shaped. Seeds compressed, ovate or orbicular, attached by their edges to the retinacula. [Named for I. De la Euelle, 1474-1537, an early French herbalist.] About 200 species, mainly of tropical America. Type species: Bnellia tuherosa L. 1. Euellia tulberosa L. Sp. PI. 635. 1753. Eoots narrowly fusiform, clustered; stem erect or ascending, branched or simple, 2-6 dm. high, finely pubescent. Leaves ovate or oblong, 10 cm. long or less, undulate, finely pubescent, narrowed into margined petioles; cymes several-flowered, peduncled ; bracts narrow, small ; calyx hispid-pubescent, its linear lobes 12-20 mm. long; corolla purple, 4-6 cm. long, its tube rather abruptly expanded above; capsules puberulent, about 1.5 cm. long. Shaded grounds, New Providence, Eleuthera and Cat Island : — southern United States : West Indies and continental tropical America. Tuberous Ruellia. 402 ACANTHACEAE. 3. GERARDIA [Plum.] L. Sp. PL 610. 1753. [Stenandrium Nees, in Lindl. Introd. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 444. 1836.] Low and small pubescent perennial herbs, acaulescent or nearly so, the leaves in a basal tuft, the pink or purple flowers spieate on bracted scapes. Calyx -lobes 5, narrow, nearly equal. Corolla with a slender tube, enlarged into a slightly curved throat, the oblique 5-lobed limb spreading, the lobes unequal and imbricated. Stamens 4, didynamous, included, the anthers 1-celled. Ovules 2 in each cavity of the ovary; stigma 2-lobed, Capsule fusiform or narrowly oblong. Seeds flattened, rough or pubescent. [Commemorates John Gerardi, 1545-1607, famous English herbalist.] About 25 species, of tropical and sub- tropical America, Type species: Gerardia tuberosa L. Bracts linear to linear-lanceolate, the lower 3-7 mm. long ; leaves entire. 1. O. droseroides. Bracts lanceolate, the lower 1 cm. long ; leaves repand-dentate or undulate. 2. G. hracteosa. 1. Gerardia droseroides (Nees) Blake, Ehodora 20: 68. 1918. Stenandrium droseroides Nees, in DC Prodr. 11 : 284. 1847. Pubescent all over with soft hairs. Basal leaves forming small tufts, membranous, oblong, entire, 3-4.5 cm. long, rounded or obtuse at the apex, the petioles as long as the blades or shorter; scapes slender, 8-15 cm. high; spikes slender, several-many-flowered; bracts linear to linear-lanceolate^ 3-7 mm, long, acuminate; calyx-lobes linear, 2-3 mm. long; corolla white, its tube 3-4 mm. long, about as long as the lips; filaments very short; capsule oblong, acute, glabrous, 4-5 mm. long; seeds suborbicular. Pine-lands, Abaco and New Providence : — Cuba. Sundew Gerardia. 2. Gerardia bracteosa Britton & Millspaugh, ?p. nov. Pubescent all over with long soft hairs. Basal leaves in large tufts, 7 cm. long or less, firm in texture, the flat petioles of the larger ones as long as the blades or longer, the blades oblong to oblong-obovate, 2-3.5 cm. long, 8-18 mm. wide, undulate or nearly entire, obtuse or acutish at the apex, narrowed at the base; scapes rather stout, 10-20 cm. high, naked toward the base, but floriferous for nearly two-thirds their length; bracts lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 8-12 mm. long; calyx-lobes linear, acute about 6 mm. long; corolla pink, about 17 mm. long, the tube somewhat shorter than the larger lobes of the limb; anthers nearly sessile; capsule oblong, about 8 mm. long; seeds suborbicular. Fields and coppices, Mariguana (P. Wilson 7lf72, type; 7U0). Apparently the same as Egger's 3969, from Acklin's Island, referred by Lindau to Stenandrium rupestre (Sw.) Nees = Gerardia tuberosa L. Bracted Gerardia. 4. ANTHACANTHUS Nees; DC. Prodr. 11: 460. 1847. Slender, much-branched shrubs armed with opposite axillary, curved or straight spines, the leaves small, entire, often fascicled in the axils, the solitary or fascicled flowers axillary, slender-peduncled. Calyx 5-cleft. Tube of the small corolla cylindric, somewhat enlarged above, the limb spreading, unequally 5-lobed. Stamens 2; filaments short; anthers oblong, 2-celled; staminodia '2, clavate or filiform. Style filiform; ovules 2 in each cavity of the ovary. Capsule oblong, stipitate. Seeds 4 or fewer, compressed, tubercled. [Greek, spiny flower.] About 6 species, natives of the West Indies. Type species: Justicia spinosa Jaeq. ACANTHACEAE. 403 1. Anthacanthus spinosus (Jacq.) Nees, in DC. Prodr. 11: 460. 1847. Justicia spinosa Jacq. Enum. 11. 1760. A shrub, erect or diffuse, 2 m. high or less, the long slender branches pubescent or glabrous, the stiff subulate spines more or less recurved, 4-12 mm. long. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous or nearly so, ovate to oblong, elliptic or oblanceolate, 3-20 mm. long, obtuse, acute or emarginate at the apex, narrowed or obtuse at the base, the midvein rather prominent, the lateral venation ob- scure, the petioles very short ; flowers few or solitary at the axils ; peduncles 6-10 mm. long; calyx 3-4 mm. long, its lobes lanceolate, acute; corolla purple or violet, puberulent or glabrous, its tube about 8 mm. long, its oblong lobes about as long as the tube; style filiform, about 10 mm. long; capsule about 2 cm. long; seeds wrinkled, 2-3 mm. in diameter. Scrub-lands and thickets, throughout the archipelago from Great Bahama and Andres to Eleuthera. Watling's Island. Caicos Islands and Inagua : — Jamaica ; Cuba to Virgin Gorda, and Martinique. Recorded by Mrs. Northrop, by Coker. and by Lindau as A. acicularis (Sw.) Nees, which is known to us only from Jamaica. Races differ in pubescence, in size and shape of leaves, and in length of spines. Prickly Bush. 0. ANDROGRAPHIS Wall. PI. Asiat. Ear. 3: 77, 116. 1832. Herbs, erect or diffuse, the small flowers in panicles or cymes, with small bracts and bractlets. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla with a short tube, somewhat expanded above and a 2-lipped limb. Stamens 2; filaments sometimes bearded above; anthers 2-celled. Capsule linear to oblong, scarcely stipitate. Seeds 6-12, flattened. [Greek, bearded-stamens.] About 15 species, natives of the East Indies. Type species: AndrograpMs panicnlata (Burm.) Nees. 1. Andrographis paniculata (Burm.) Nees; Wall. PI. Asiat. Ear. 3: 116. 1832. Justicia paniculata Burm. Fl. Ind. 9. 1768. Annual, erect, glabrous below, glandular above, 3-6 dm. high, simple or branched, the stem 4-sided. Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, mem- branous, 4-10 cm. long, acuminate at the apex, narrowed at the base into short petioles; racemes commonly numerous, slender, often branched, or pan- iculate ; flowers secund, distant, purple ; pedicels slender, 4-8 mm. long ; calyx about 3 mm. long, its segments linear-lanceolate, acuminate; corolla 3-4 times as long as the calyx; capsule about 1.5 cm. long. Waste grounds on New Providence : — Cuba ; Dominica to Barbadoes ; Jamaica ; Panama ; naturalized from the East Indies. Axdrographis. 6. JUSTICIA [Houst.] L. Sp. PI. 15. 1753. Herbs, or shrubs, with entire leaves, the flowers variously clustered. Calyx deeply cleft, its segments narrow, nearly equal. Corolla-tube mostly shorter than the 2-lipped limb, the upper lip '2-cleft, the lower 3-cleft. Stamens 2, borne in the throat of the corolla; anthers 2-celled; staminodes none; lower anther-sac minutely appendaged. Style filiform; ovules 2 in each ovary- cavity. Capsule oblong. [In honor of James Justice, a Scotch gardener.] Over 100 species, of tropical distribution. Type species: JuMicia Adhatoda L. 1. Justicia carthaginensis Jacq. Enum. 11. 1760. Herbaceous, erect, branched, 0.5-1.5 m. high, the branches and leaves gla- brous or very sparingly pubescent. Leaves ovate or elliptic-ovate, membranous, 5-12 cm. long, acuminate at the apex, narrowed or rounded at the base, some- 404 ACANTHACEAE. what decurrent on tlie petioles; flowers violet to purple^ in dense terminal bracted spikes 3-7 em. long; bracts oblong, pubescent or ciliate, 12 mm. long or less, the lo^^er pointed, the upper truncate and euneate; braetlets narrower than the bracts; calyx-segments lanceolate, about 1 cm. long; corolla-tube about 1.5 em. long, the upper lip about as long as the tube, the lower some- what longer; capsule 1.5-2 cm. long, acute, pubescent. Waste places, New Providence and Long Island : — Hispaniola ; St. Thomas to Barbadoes and Grenada ; continental tropical America. Justicia. 7. DIAPEDIUM Konig; Konig & Sims, Ann. Bot. 2: 189. 1805. [DiCLiPTERA Juss. Ann. Mus. Paris 9: 267. 1807.] Herbs, with entire petioled leaves^ and blue, red, or violet flowers sub- tended by involucres of 2-4 bracts, the inflorescence mostly cymose or spieate, the involucres subtending 1 flower or several. Calyx 4-5-cleft, the lobes linear or subulate. Corolla-tube slender, slightly enlarged above; upper lip erect, concave, interior in the bud; lower lip spreading, entire or 3-toothed. Stamens 2; anther-sacs parallel, sometimes unequal, separated by a narrow connective. Style filiform; ovules 2 in each cavity of the ovary. Capsule flattened, ovate or suborbicular, 2-4-seeded. Placentae separating elastically from the walls of the capsule. Seeds compressed, nearly orbicular. About 60 species, of warm and tropical regions. Type species: Justicia chinensis L. 1. Diapedium assurgens (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 485. 1891. Justicia assurgens L. Syst. ed. 10, 850. 1759. Dicliptera assurgens Juss. Ann. lMus. Paris 9: 269. 1807. Erect, often much branched, glabrous or somewhat puberulent, 3-15 dm. high. Leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 4-10 cm. long or the upper smaller, acute or obtuse at the apex, obtuse or narrowed at the base, the petioles slender; flowers in small bracted clusters,, in slender interrupted, simple or branched spikes 5-15 cm. long; bracts lanceolate or spatulate, 8-15 mm. long; calyx about 4 mm. long, its linear-lanceolate lobes as long as the tube or longer; corolla scarlet or red, 2-2.5 cm. long, its tube curved, its lips lance- olate; capsule 5-6 mm. long. Waste grounds, scrub-lands and thickets, throughout the archipelago from Abaco and Great Bahama to the Anguilla Isles and Crooked Island : — Florida ; West Indies ; continental tropical America. Diapedium. Erroneously called Honeysuckle. 8. THUNBERGIA Eetz. Phys. Sallsk. Handl. 1: 163. 1776. Herbs or herbaceous vines, with opposite, mostly hastate or cordate leaves, and large 2-bracted flowers solitary in the axils or in terminal racemes. Bracts foliaceous, large. Calyx short, annular. Corolla with an oblique, more or less flattened tube enlarged above, and a spreading 5-lobed limb, the lobes rounded, contorted, nearly equal. Stamens 4, didynamous, borne near the base of the corolla-tube, the filaments thickened below, the anthers with an apiculate con- nective. Disk fleshy. Ovary fleshy; style dilated at the apex; ovules 2 in each cavity. Capsule coriaceous, globose, abruptly beaked, loculicidally dehis- cent. [Commemorates Karl P. Thunberg, 1743-1828, eminent Swedish travel- ler and botanist.] About 40 species, natives of the Old World tropics. Type species: Thunhergia capensis Retz. Petioles not wing-margined. 1. T. fragrans. Petioles wing-margined. 2. T. alata. MYOPQRACEAE. 405 1. Thunbergia fragrans Eoxb. PI. Corom. 1: 47. 1795. Thunhergia voluhilis Pers. Syn. 2: 179. 1806. A slender, finely pubescent vine, often 2 m. long, usually climbing. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 5-10 cm. long, remotely few-toothed toward the base or entire, acuminate at the apex, subtruncate, hastate or cordate at the base, the slender petioles 1-4 cm. long; peduncles rather stout, 2-7 cm. long; bracts lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, pubescent, acuminate, 1.5-2 cm. long; calyx deeply cleft, much shorter than the bracts; corolla white, 2.5-3 cm, long, its lobes crenate, nearly as long as the tube; capsule depres'sed-globose, pubes- cent, about 8 mm. in diameter, tipped by a stout subulate beak 1-1,5 cm. long. Spontaneous after cultivation. New Providence near Nassau : — Cuba to Porto Rico, Tortola and Trinidad ; Jamaica. Naturalized from Asia, White Thunbergia. 2. Thunbergia alata Bojer; Sims, Bot. Mag. pi. 2591. 1825. A pubescent vine, usually not more than 1 m. long, trailing or climbing. Leaves ovate or triangular-ovate, 4-8 cm. long, remotely few-toothed or entire, acute at the apex, cordate or hastate at the base, the wing-margined petioles as long as the blades or shorter; peduncles slender, mostly longer than the petioles; bracts ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, pubescent, about 1,5 cm. long; calyx cleft to about the middle; 'corolla yellow or white, usually with a purple eye, 2.5-4 cm. long; capsule depressed-globose, pubescent, 8-10 mm, in diameter, its stout beak about 1 em. long. Waste places near Nassau, New Providence : — Cuba to Tortola and Trinidad ; Jamaica ; IMexico to continental tropical America, Naturalized from eastern Africa, Winged Thunbekgia. Family 16. MYOPORACEAE Lindl. Myoporum Family. Shrubs or trees, with alternate or opposite, entire estipulate leaves, and perfect, more or less irregular flowers, solitaiy or clustered in the axils. Calyx inferior, 5-parted. Corolla g-amopetalous, its limb 2-lipped or oblique. Stamens 4, mostly didynamous, borne on the corolla-tube, the filaments filiform. Ovary usually 2-celled; style terminal; stigma terminal and small; ovules 1 in each ovary-cavity. Fruit a drupe. Five genera and 80 species or more, most Australian, only the following American. 1. BONTIA L. Sp. PI, 638. 1753. A tree or shrub, wdth alternate narrow fleshy entire pointed leaves, and rather small, purplish peduncled flowers, solitary or clustered in the axils. Calyx 5-parted, the segments imbricated. Tube of the corolla straight, cyliu- dric, the limb deeply 2-lipped, the posterior lip concave, 2-cleft, the anterior lip recurved, 3-clef t, its middle lobe densely bearded. Stamens 4, didynamous ; filaments thickened and villous near the base. Ov^ary 2-celled; ovules 4 in each cavity, superimposed in pairs; style very slender. Drupe ovoid, the exo- carp fleshy, the endocarp bony, '2-celled. Seeds small, ovoid^ with little endo- sperm. [Commemorates Peter Bontius, a Dutch naturalist and traveller of the seventeenth century.] A monotypic West Indian genus. 1. Bontia daphnoides L. Sp, PI, 638. 1753. A shrub or small tree, sometimes 9 m. high, nearly glabrous throughout, with terete, rather slender twigs. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, falling 406 PL ANT AGIN ACE AE. away from the twigs in drying^ 10 cm. long or less, acuminate at the apex, narrowed at the base, the slender midvein prominent, the lateral venation ob- scure, the petioles 1-2 cm. long; peduncles slender, 1-3 cm. long; calyx-seg- ments broadly ovate, subulate-tipped, about 3 mm. long, ciliolate; corolla about 2 cm. long, yellow, purple-blotched^ or the lip purple within; drupe pointed, yellow, 1-1.5 cm. long. Scrub-lands and palmetto-lands, Great Bahama, South Caicos, Grand Turk : — Cayman Islands ; Cuba to Tortola and Barbadoes ; Curagao ; Aruba ; Guiana. Bontia. Erroneously called Olive. Order 5. PL ANT AGIN ALES. Onh^ the following family: Family 1. PLANTAGINACEAE Lindl. Plantain Family. Herbs, with basal, or, in the caulescent species, opposite or alternate leaves, and small perfect polygamous or monoecious flowers, bracteolate in spikes or heads, or rarely solitary. Calyx 4-parted, infericrr, persistent, the segments imbricated. Corolla hypogynous, scarious or membranous, mostly marcescent, 4-lobed. Stamens 4 or 2 (only 1 in an Andean genus), inserted on the tube or throat of the corolla ; filaments filiform, exserted or included; anthers versatile, 2-celled, the sacs longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary sessile, superior, 1-2-celled, or falsely 3— 4-eelled. Style filiform, simjDle, mostly longitudinally stigmatic. Ovules 1-several in each cavity of the ovary, peltate, amphitropous. Fruit a pyxis, circumscissile at or below the middle, or an indehiscent nutlet. Seeds 1-several in each ca\dty of the fruit; endosperm fleshy; cotyledons narrow; radicle short, mostly straight. Three genera and over 225 species, of wide distribution. 1. PLANTAGO L. Sp. PI. 112. 1753. Leafy-stemmed, short-stemmed or acaulescent herbs, with opposite, alter- nate or basal leaves, bearing axillary or terminal spikes or heads of small greenish or purplish flowers (flowers solitary in a few exotic species). Calyx- segments equal, or two of them larger. Corolla salverform, the tube cylindric, or constricted at the throat, the limb spreading in anthesis, erect, spreading or reflexed in fruit, 4-lobed or 4-parted. Stamens 4 or 2. Ovary 2-celled, or falsely 3-4-celled; ovules 1-several in each cavity. Fruit a membranous pyxis, mostly 2-celled. Seeds various, sometimes hollowed out on the inner side. [The Latin name.] Over 200 species, of wide geographic distribution. Type species: Plantago major L. The following are acaulescent weeds. Leaves ovate; seeds many. * 1. P. major. Leaves oblong-lanceolate ; seeds 2. 2. P. lanceolata. 1. Plantago major L. Sp. PI. 112. 1753. Perennial, glabrous or pubescent; rootstock short, thick, erect. Leaves long-petioled, mostly ovate, entire, or coarsely dentate, 2.5-25 cm. long, 3-11- ribbed; scapes 0.5-9 dm. high; spike linear-cylindric, usually dense, com- monly blunt, 5-25 cm. long, 6-8 mm. thick; flowers perfect, proterogynous; sepals broadly ovate to obovate, scarious margined, one-half to two-thirds as long as the obtuse or subacute, 5-16-seeded pyxis; stamens 4. Roadsides and waste places, Abaco, Great Bahama, Andros and New Providence : — ^Bermuda ; United States ; West Indies ; Central and South America. Naturalized from the Old World. Gkeater Plantain. EUBTACEAE. 407 2. Plantago lanceolata L. Sp. PI. 113. 1753. Perennial or biennial^ pubescent; rootstock short, erect, with tufts of brown hairs at the bases of the leaves. Leaves narrowly olDlong-lanceolate, shorter than the scapes, entire, acute or acuminate, gradually narrowed into petioles, 3-5-ribbed, 5-30 cm. long; scapes slender, channeled, sometimes 7.5 dm. tall; spikes dense, at first ovoid, becoming cylindric, blunt and 1-10 cm. long in fruit, 8-12 mm. thick; flowers perfect, proterogynous; sepals ovate, with a narrow green midrib and broad scarious margins, the two lower ones commonly united; corolla glabrous; filaments w^hite; pyxis oblong, very obtuse, 2-seeded, slightly longer than the calyx, circumscissile at about the middle. Roadsides, New Providence : — Bermuda ; North America ; Cuba ; Jamaica. Nat- uralized from tlie Old World. Ribwoijt. Order 6. RUBIALES. Corolla gamopetalous. Anthers separate, the stamens as many as the corolla-lobes and alternate with them (one fewer in Linnaea of the Capri- foliaceae) or twice as many. Ovary compound, inferior, adnate to the calyx-tube. Ovules 1 or more in each cavity of the ovary. Leaves opposite or verticillate. Leaves stipulate, usually blackening in drying. Fam. 1. Rubiaceae. Leaves usually estipulate, not blackening in drying. Fam. 2. Caprifoliaceae. Family 1. RUBIACEAE B. Juss. Madder Family. Herbs, shrubs, or trees, with simple, opposite or sometimes verticil- late, mostly stipulate leaves, and perfect, often dimorphous or trimor- phous, regular and nearly symmetrical flowers. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, its limb various. Corolla funnelform, club-shaped, eampanulate, or rotate, 4-5-lobed. Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla and alternate with them, inserted on its tube or throat. Ovary 1-10-celled; style simple or lobed; ovules 1-^ in each cavity. Fruit a capsule, berry, or drupe.. Seeds various; seed-coat membranous or crustaceous; endo- sperm fleshy or horny (rarely wanting in a few genera) ; cotyledons ovate, cordate, or foliaceous. A large family of some 340 genera and about 6,000 species, of wide distribution. ^. Cavities of the ovary with several or many ovules ; seeds several or many. Fruit dry, capsular. Herbs. 1. Oldenlandia. Shrubs or trees. Seeds wingless ; leaves linear, grooved. 2. Rachicallis. Seeds winged ; leaves broad. 3. Exostema. Fruit pulpy, baccate. Fruit 2-celled. Flowers in cymes. 4. Cosasia. Flowers solitary. Corolla-lobes 5, convolute. 5. Randia. Corolla-lobes 4, valvate. 6. Cateahaea. Fruit 5-celled. 7. Hamelia. B. Cavities of the ovary with a single ovule ; seeds solitary. Ovule pendulous. Filaments wholly or partly adnate to the corolla-tube. Calyx-limb deciduous, though often tardily so. 8. Guettarda. Calyx-limb persistent, crowning the fruit. 9. Stenostomum. Filaments not adnate to the corolla-tube. Inflorescence terminal, or sometimes also axillary. 10. Erithalis. Inflorescence axillary. 408 EUBIACEAE. Stamens esserted, filaments distinct. 11. Phialanthus Stamens included, filaments monadelphous at base. Calyx-tube ovoid, limb 5-dentate ; corolla-lobes yalvate. 12. Chiococca. Calyx-tube oblong, limb 4-partite ; corolla-lobes imbricated. 13. Scolosanthus. Ovule not pendulous. Corolla-lobes imbricated. 14. Strumpfia Corolla-lobes valvate. Ovule or seed with a basal attachment. 15. Psychotria Ovule or seed with a lateral attachment. Shrubs or trees ; fruit a syncarp. 16. Alorinda. Herbs or low shrubs ; fruit not syncarpous. Stipules relatively small or inconspicuous, more or less cleft. Fruit drupaceous, carpels neither dehiscent nor separating. 17. Ernodea. Fruit not drupaceous, carpels . dehiscent or separating. Fruit septicidal, both carpels ventrally dehiscent. 18. Borreria. Fruit separating into carpels, one dehis- cent the other indehiscent. 19. Spermacoce. Stipules foliaceous, usually resembling the leaves. 20. Galium. 1. OLDENLANDIA L. Sp. PL 119. 1753. Herbs, with opposite leases, and small white or pink flowers. Calyx-tube obovoid or subglobose, the limb 4-5-toothed. Corolla rotate or salverform, 4-5-lobed. Stamens 4 or 5, inserted on the throat of the corolla; anthers oblong. Ovary 2-celled; ovules numerous in each cavity; style slender, 2-lobed. Capsule small, ovoid, top-shaped or hemispheric, wholly adnate to the calyx- tube, loculicidally dehiscent at the summit. Seeds angular, not peltate; endo- sperm fleshy; embryo club-shaped. [Named for H. B. Oldenland, a Danish botanist.] About 175 species, mostly of tropical distribution. Type species: Oldenlandia corymhosa L. 1. Oldenlandia callitrichioides Griseb. Mem. Am. Acad. II. 8: 506. 1862. Stems filiform, creeping, glabrous, 2-10 cm. long, rooting at the nodes. Leaves ovate-orbicular, very thin, petioled, the blades 1-4 mm. long, glabrous or with a few long hairs^ obtuse or acutish at the apex, contracted into slender petioles of about the same length; stipules minute or obsolete; peduncles soli- tary in the axils, filiform, 2-3 times as long as the leaves; calyx 4-5-toothed, the teeth ovate to lanceolate, bearing a few long hairs, much shorter than the tube; corolla white, funnelform, 1.5-2 mm. long, the 4 or 5 lobes shorter than the tube; capsule turbinate, about 2 mm. long. Moist ground. Rum Cay : — Cuba ; Guadeloupe. Recorded from St. Croix. Small Oldenlandia. 2. RACHICALLIS DC. Prodr. 4: 433. 1830. A low, white-wooly, densely and intricately branched shrub, with small opposite fleshy linear imbricated leaves, persistent connate stipules, and small opposite sessile solitary flowers half-inclosed by the stipular sheaths. Calyx-tube very short, its 4 lanceolate teeth with smaller accessary ones between them. Corolla salverform, with 4 oblong imbricated lobes. Stamens 4; filaments short. Ovary 2-celled, half -superior ; styles thick, slightly 2-lobed; ovules numerous in each cavity. Fruit capsular; seeds angled. [Greek, beauty of rocky shores.] A monotypic genus. EUBIACEAE. 409 1. Rachicallis americana (Jaeq.) Hitchc. Eep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4: 92. 1893. Hedyotis americana Jacq. Enum. 12. 1760. Hedyotis rupestris Sw. Prodr. 29. 1788. Rachicallis rupestris DC. Prodr. 4: 434. 1830. Eigid, erect, or prostrate, the short stout twigs densely woolly^ bearing the leaves in tufts at the ends. Leaves bright green, 4-9 mm. long, about 1 mm. wide^ thick, grooved on the back, glabrous, sharply mucronate; stipules broadly ovate, mucronate, densely pubescent and ciliate; corolla 5-6 mm. long, villous-pubescent, its obtuse lobes about one third as long as the tube. Plant fragrant when dry. Maritime rocks and coastal coppices, throughout the archipelago : — Cuba ; His- paniola ; Jamaica ; the Caymans ; Cozumel. Reported from Bermuda, perhaps erro- neously. Hog-bush. Sandfly-bush. Saltwater-bush. Sda-weed. Wild Thyme. 3. EXOSTEMA Eich. ; H. & B. PL Aeq., 1: 131. 1808. Shrubs or trees, with opposite petioled leaves, deciduous stipules, and solitary or panicled flowers. Calyx-tube cylindric to turbinate, with 5 linear lobes. Corolla salverform, the slender tube elongated, the limb with 5 long imbricated lobes. Stamens 5, borne near the base of the corolla; filaments filiform, long; anthers narrowly linear, basifixed, exserted. Ovary 2-celled; style filiform, exserted; ovules numerous in each cavity. Fruit a 2-valved capsule, many-seeded; seeds broadly winged. [Greek, exserted stamens.] Thirty species or more, natives of tropical America. Type species: Exostema parvifiorum A. Eich. 1. Exostema caribaeum (Jaeq.) E. & S. Syst. 5: 18. 1819. Cincliona carihaea Jacq. Enum. 16. 1760. A glabrous shrub or small tree up to 8 m. high, with a trunk sometimes 1 dm. in diameter, the bark bitter. Leaves oblong-lanceolate to elliptic, rather thin, 3-8 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide, acuminate or acute at the apex, narrowed at the base, the midvein prominent, the few lateral veins obscure^ the slender petioles about one-fourth as long as the blades; stipules broadly ovate, acumi- nate, about 1.5 mm. long; flowers solitary in the axils; peduncles slender, about as long as the calyx; calyx clavate-cylindric, 4-5 mm. long, its teeth short; corolla white or pinkish, its tube 2-3 cm. long, slightly longer than the lobes; anthers long-exserted; capsule oblong, smooth, woody, 10-15 mm. long. Coppices, pine-lands and scrub-lands, throughout the archipelago from Abaco, Great Bahama and Andros to Caicos Islands : — Florida ; Cuba to Anegada, St. Martin and Grenada; Jamaica; Central America and northern South America. Princewood. 4. CASASIA A. Eich. in Sagra, Hist. Cub. 11: 9. 1850. Shrubs or trees, with terete branches. Leaves opposite, leathery; stipules deciduous. Flowers perfect, in short-peduncled cymes. Calyx turbinate or campanulate, truncate or with 5 or 6 obtuse sepals, persistent. Corolla white or yellow, salverform or nearly rotate^ pubescent in the throat, its lobes 5 or 6, spreading, contorted. Stamens 5 or 6, adnate to the mouth of the corolla- tube; anthers sessile. Disk cup-like. Ovary 1-2-celled; styles stout. Ovules numerous in each cavity. Fruit a thick pulpy berry. Seeds numerous, angled, flattened, the testa somewhat fibrous. [In honor of Luis de las Casas, Cap- tain General of Cuba.] About 8 species, natives of Florida and the West Indies. Type species: Casasia calophylla A. Eich. 27 410 RUBIACEAE. 1. Casasia clusiaefolia (Jacq.) Urban, Symb. Ant. 5: 505. 1908. Gardenia clusiaefolia Jacq. Coll. 5: 37. 1796. Genipa clusiaefolia Griseb. Fl, Br. W. I. 317. 1861. A branching shrub; 1-3 m. tall, the foliage glabrous, turning black in drying. Leaves clustered, leathery, obovate to cuneate, 5-15 cm. long, rounded or retuse at the apex, lustrous, often mucronate, entire, short-petioled; calyx- tube 8-10 mm. long, turbinate, the lobes subulate, shorter than the tube ; corolla fleshy, glabrous, its tube 1.5-2 cm. long, its lobes lanceolate or oblong- lanceolate, shorter than the tube; berries ovoid to obovoid, 5-7 cm. long. Coastal rocks, Berry Islands, the Biminis, Andros, New Providence, Eleuthera to Watling's, Caicos, Inagua and the islands of ttie Cay Sal Bank : — Florida ; Bermuda ; Cuba. Seven-year Apple. Catesby, 1 : pi. 59. 5. RAISTDIA L. Sp. PI. 1192. 1753. Evergreen, often spiny shrubs or trees, T^ith oposite leaves and perfect solitary, usually axillary flowers. Calyx-lobes 4. Corolla funnelfomi, salver- form or campanulate, its lobes 5, convolute. Stamens 5, adnate to the throat of the corolla; filaments short or nearly T\'anting. Disk annular or cushion- like. Ovary 2-celled or very rarely 3-4-celled; ovules several or many in each cavity; styles usually united, stout, terminating in a club-shaped, spindle- shaped or rarely cleft stigma. Berry usually 2-celled. Seeds free or in a pulp; testa thin, the endosperm horny. [In honor of Isaac Rand, English apothecary.] About 100 species, natives of tropical regions. Type species: Randia mitis L. 1. Randia mitis L. Sp. PI. 1192. 1753. Bandia aculeata L. Sp. PL 1192. 1763. A virgate branching shrub, 1-3 m. tall, or a small tree up to 7 m. high, usually spiny, the foliage glabrous or nearly so. Leaves often clustered, spatu- late, obovate, elliptic, oval or suborbicular, 1-5 cm. long, narrowed into short petioles; flowers axillary, short-stalked; calyx-lobes triangular or ovate; corolla white, 6-8 mm. long, its lobes oblong, shorter than the tube; berries subglobose or oval, w^hite, 8-12 mm. long. Scrub-lands and coppices, throughout the archipelago from Abaco, Great Bahama and Andros to Turk's Islands and Inagua : — Bermuda ; Florida ; West Indies and Mexico, Races differ in size and shape of leaves and in size of fruit. Box Beiar. 6. CATESBAEA L. Sp. PI. 109. 1753. Spinescent shrubs or small trees, with terete twigs and small glabrous, often fascicled leaves, the small stipules deciduous. Flowers white, solitary and short-peduncled in the axils. Calyx subcampanulate, with 4 narrow per- sistent lobes. Corolla funnelform or campanulate, its 4 lobes valvate. Stamens 4, borne near the base of the corolla. Ovary 2-celled; stigma 2-lobed. Ovules several or many. Fruit a white berry. Seeds with fleshy endosperm. [In honor of Mark Catesby, 1679-1749, traveller and naturalist.] About 8 species, natives of Florida and the West Indies. Type species: Catesbaea spinosa L. Flowers very large, drooping. 1. C. spinosa. Flowers very small, nearly concealed among the leaves. Leaves 3-10 mm, long, suborbicular to oblanceolate. 2. C. parviflora. Leaves 8-13 mm. long, linear to obovate-spatulate. 3. C. foliosa. RUBIACEAE. 411 1. Catesbaea spinosa L. Sp. PI. 109. 1753. A glabrous shrub, 2-3 cm. high, or a small tree up to 5 m. high, with very- spiny slender branches, the opines opposite, axillary, 1.5-3.5 cm. long. Leaves ovate-elliptic, thin, 0.6-3 cm. long, acute or acutish at both ends, mostly shorter than the spines, skort-petioled; peduncles mostly shorter than the leaves, about as long as the calyx; calyx-teeth subulate; corolla 10-15 cm. long, yellow, nodding, the very slender tube tapering into the throat above the middle, the short lobes ovate, acute; berry globose to ovoid, 1.5-5 cm. long. Scrub-lands and coppices, Andros, New Providence, Eleuthera and Long Island : — Cuba. Catesby, 2 : pi. 100. Large-floavered Catesbya. Prickly -apple. Spanish Gdava. 2. Catesbaea parviflora Sw. Prodr. 30. 1788. Cates'baea campanulata iSagra; DC. Prodr. 4: 401. 1830. Catesbaea parviflora septentrionalis Krug & Urban; UrbaUj Symb. Ant, 1: 429. 1899. Catesbaea fasciculata Northrop, Mem. Torr. Club 12: 66. 1902. A much-branched shrub; 2 m. high or less, the branches long and slender, usually copiously armed with slender spines 5-20 mm. longj rather densely leafy. Leaves coriaceous, obovate to suborbicular or oblanceolate, 3-10 mm. long, rounded at the apex, narrowed at the base into short petioles; flowers sessile or nearly so in the axils; calyx-teeth subulate; corolla about 6 mm. long, its 4 lobes obtuse; berry globose, white, about 2 mm. in diameter. White-lands, savannas and coppices, Abaco, Berry Islands, Andros, New Provi- dence, Eleuthera. Little San Salvador, Exuma Chain to Great Ragged Island, Green Cay : — Florida ; Cuba ; Porto Rico ; Jamaica. Small-flowered Catesbya. 3. Catesbaea foliosa Millsp. Field. Mus. Bot. 2: 312. 1909. A stout-branched, spreading shrub, 1-2 m. high, with or without spines, the bark loose and grayish-white; branchlets densely and minutely resinous, setose. Leaves thick, 8-13 mm. long, 2-6 mm. wide, linear- spatulate to obovate, dark green, subsessile, the apex obtuse, rarely mucronulate, the margin revolute, the upper surface appearing as if varnished; flowers pedicel- late; calyx-teeth subulate, obtuse, about 1 mm. long, minutely setulose; berry white, globose, 2-3 mm. in diameter; seeds reddish, ovate, umbonate in the center on both sides. White-lands and scrub-lands. Conception Island, Watling's Island, Atwood Cay, Crooked Island, Fortune Island, Acklin's Island, Mariguana, Caicos Islands, Grand Turk, Ambergris Cay and Inagua. Referred to in Field Col. Mus. Bot. 2 : 167 as C. campamilata, and possibly a large-leaved race of the preceding species though ap- pearing distinct. Leafy Catesbya. 7. HAMEIiIA Jacq. Enum. 2, 16. 1760. Shrubs, or small trees, with opposite or verticillate, petioled leaves, nar- row deciduous stipules, and red or yellow flowers secund on the branches of terminal compound cymes. Calyx-tube ovoid to turbinate, its 5 short lobes persistent. Corolla tubular, or narrowly campanulate, constricted at the base, the limb 5-lobed, the lobes short, imbricated. Stamens 5, borne near the base of the corolla; filament short; anthers basifixed, linear, scarcely exserted, or included, the connective appendaged. Ovary 5-celled; style filiform; stigma narrowly fusiform; ovules numerous in each cavity. Berry small, ovoid, 5- lobed, 5-celled. Seeds very small, angled. [In honor of H. L. du Hamel de Monceau, 1700-1782, French botanist.] About 25 species of tropical and sub- tropical America. Type species: Hamelia erecta Jacq. 412 EUBIACEAE. 1, Hamelia erecta Jacq. Ennm. 16. 1760. Hamelia patens Jacq. Enum. 16. 1760. A shrub; or small tree up to about 4 m. high, with slender branches, the tTvigs, leaves and inflorescence jDuberulent. Leaves opposite, or verticillate in 3 's to 5 's, thin, elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 5-15 cm. long, acute or acuminate at the apex, mostly narrowed at the base, the slender petioles one-fourth to one-half as long as the blades; stipules lance-subulate, 2-3 mm. long; cymes 3-5-rayed ; flowers numerous, very short-pedicelled ; corolla crimson to scarlet, tubular, 12-20 mm. long, its lobes very short; berries dark red or purple, 5-6 mm. long, a little produced beyond the calyx. Coppices, New Providence : — Florida ; West Indies ; continental tropical America. Scarlet Hamelia. 8. GUETTARDA L. Sp. PI. 991. 1753. Trees or shrubs, with opposite leaves and deciduous stipules, the axillary cymo&e, or sometimes solitary flowers, perfect or polygamo-dioecious. Calyx with an ovoid or globose tube, the limb tubular, rarely persistent, mostly trun- cate or irregularly toothed. Corolla salverform, the tube elongated, sometimes curved, the limb with 4-9 obtuse imbricated lobes. Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes, borne on the corolla-tube; filaments very short or none; anthers linear. Ovary 4-9-celled; ovules 1 in each cavity, pendulous; style filiform; stigma capitate or 2-lobed. Fruit drupaceous. [In honor of Jean Etienne Guettard, 1715-1786, French botanist.] Sixty species or more, mostly of tropical America. Type species: Guettarda speciosa L. Leaves coriaceous. Leaves scabrous above; fruit 4-6 mm. in diameter. 1. O. scahra. Leaves smooth above ; fruit 9-12 mm. in diameter. 2. G. Krugii. Leaves chartaceous or membranous. Leaves strongly reticulate-veined, and densely pale-pubescent beneath : corolla 1-3 cm. long. Inflorescence several-many-flowered. Leaves 9-12 cm. long, acute at apex ; corolla 2 cm. lono^. 3. G. Nas7iu. Leaves 5 cm. long or less, rounded at apex ; corolla 1 cm. long. 4. G. Taylori. Flowers solitary in the upper axils : corolla 3 cm. long. 5. G. inagnensis. Leaves not reticulate-veined, finely pubescent or glabrate be- neath ; corolla about 6 mm. long. 6. G. elUptica. 1. Guettarda scabra (L.) Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 2: 218. 1819. Matthiola scahra L. Sp. PI. 1192. 1753. A shrub or tree up to 10 m, high, the young twigs villous-tomentose. Leaves elliptic to ovate or obovate, coriaceous, 3-15 cm. long, obtuse or short- pointed and mucronate at the apex, subcordate or obtuse at the base, usually very rough (rarely becoming smooth) above, densely reticulate-veined and finely pubescent beneath, the stout pubescent petioles 0.5-2 cm. long; stipules triangular-lanceolate, acute, 2-3 mm. long; peduncles few-flowered, 2-10 cm. long; calyx finely pubescent, about 3 mm. long; corolla 1.5-2 cm. long, appressed-pubescent; white^ its oblong lobes much shorter than the tube; fruit globose, red, finely pubescent, 4-6 mm. in diameter, the calyx-limb at length wholly deciduous. Flowers fragrant. Scrub-lands and coppices, Abaco, Great Bahama, Andros. New Providence, Eleu- thera. Cat Island, Crooked Island, Mariguana. Caicos and Inagua : — Florida ; Cuba to Virgin Gorda and Martinique; Jamaica; continental tropical America. G. speciosa of Schoepf. ? Rough Velvet-seed. Vel%'et-beeby. EUBIACEAE. 413 2. Guettarda Krugii Urban, Symb. Ant. 1: 431. 1899. A shrub, 1-4 m. high, in Porto Rico sometimes becoming a tree up to 10 m. high, the twigs stout, the young ones densely tomentulose, the older gray and glabrous. Stipules ovate, obtuse or acutish, brownish villous, deciduous; leaves ovate to suborbicular or elliptic-obovate, coriaceous, or those of shoots subehartaceous, obtuse, rounded or acutish at the apex, rounded or cordate at the base, smooth and glabrous above, densely pubescent, strongly and densely reticulate-veined beneath, 3-11 cm. long, the stout, villous and tftmentose petioles 6-15 mm. long, or those of shoots larger and longer-petioled; cymes 1-few-flowered in the upper axils; peduncles 1 cm. long or less; calyx brown- ish villous, 5-6 mm. long, its limb irregularly subtruncate; corolla white, ap- pressed-villous, about 1.5 cm. long, its lobes about one-fourth as long as the tube; fruit globose, densely tomentulose, 9-12 mm. in diameter. Scrub-lands and rocky coppices, Abaco, Eleuthera, Exuma Chain, Cat Island and Watling's to Grand Turk, Ambergris Cay and Inagua :— Porto Rico. Recorded by Hitclicock as G. calyptrata A. Ricti. Some of our specimens are barren and are re- ferred to this species with hesitation. Kuug's Velvet-sekd. Fkogwood. 3. Gruettarda Nashii Britton & Millspaugh, sp. nov. A large shrub or small tree, with slender branches, the young twigs, petioles and peduncles densely tomentulose. Stipules oblong-lanceolate, acute, appressed-villous, deciduous, 10-12 mm. long; leaves elliptic to elliptic-obovate, or rhombic-elliptic, chartaceous, 9-12 cm. long, sharply acute at the apex, rounded or truncate at the base, pubescent on the veins but otherwise glabrous above, densely reticulate-veined and pilose-tomentulose beneath, the rather slender, tomentulose petioles 1.5-2 cm. long; peduncles axillary, rather slender, tomentulose, 2.5-3.5 cm. long; cymes 8-12-flowered, their branches 1-2 cm. long; flowers sessile; calyx tomentulose, obliquely truncate, 6-7 mm. long; bracts linear, longer than the calyx; corolla white, appressed-pubescent with long hairs, 2 cm. long, the oblong obtuse lobes about one-fourth as long as the tube. Scrub-lands, Matthew Town, Inagua (Nash d Taylor^ 1369). Nash's Velvet-seed. 4. Guettarda Taylori Britton & Millspaugh, sp. nov. A small tree, up to 4 m. high, with slender branches, the young twigs densely tomentulose. Stipules broadly ovate-elliptic, obtuse, densely tomentu- lose and appressed-villous, 8-10 mm. long; leaves elliptic, ovate-elliptic or obovate, membranous, 3-5 cm. long, obtuse and rounded at the apex, rounded or subcordate at the base; pubescent on the veins, but otherwise glabroui above, densely tomentulose, appressed-villous on the veins, and reticulate- veined beneath, the slender villous petioles 8-12 mm. long; peduncles slender, axillary, tomentulose, about twice as long as the petioles; cymes compact, 5-8- flow'ered; flowers sessile; bracts linear, longer than the calyx; calyx tomentu- lose, 5 mm. long, pointed in bud; corolla white, appressed-strigose, 1 cm. long, its lobes more than one-half as long as the tube. Matthew Town, Inagua {Nash c€ Taylor, 918). Taylor's Velvet-seed. 5. Guettarda inaguensis Britton & Millspaugh, sp. nov. A small tree, up to 4 m. high, with slender stiff straight glabrous branches, the young twigs tomentose. Leaves membranous, broadly elliptic, 3-5 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at the apex, cordate to truncate at the base, sparingly .pubescent with Jong scattered hairs above, densely tomentulose, finely reticulate-veined and appressed-villous on the midvein beneath, the rather stout, villous petioles 5-10 mm. long; stipules ovate, obtuse, tomentu- lose and villous, about 8 mm. long, deciduous ; flowers solitary, sessile in the axils: calyx narrowly campanulate, 2-lobed, 5-6 mm. long, densely pubescent; 414 EUBIACEAE. corolla nearly 3 cm. long, densely pubescent, its very slender tube 5-6 times as long as the oblong lobes; fruit subglobose^ densely puberulent, 10-11 mm. in diameter. Matthew Town, Inagua (Nash c£- Taylor, 919). Ixagua Velvet-seed. 6. Guettarda elliptica iSw. Prodr. 59. 1788. A siirub or a tree up to 8 m. high, with slender branches, the young twigs loosely pubescent. Leaves chartaceous, elliptic to ovate-elliptic or elliptic- lanceolate, 2-7 cm. long, obtuse, acutish or apiculate at the apex, narrowed, obtuse, or (on young shoots) rarely subcordate at the base, sparingly pubes- cent or glabrate above, finely appressed-silky beneath, the petioles 3-8 mm. long, or those of shoot-leaves longer; stipules lanceolate, 4-10 mm. long; peduncles slender, pubescent, shorter than the leaves, few-several-flowered; bracts lanceolate or oblong, shorter than the calyx; calyx about 2 mm. long, puberulent, nearly truncate; corolla white or yellowish-white, above 6 mm. long, silky-pubescent, its 4 oblong lobes about one-fourth as long as the tube; fruit globose, red, turning black, 6-8 mm. in diameter, the calyx-limb at length deciduous. Coppices and scrub-lands, throughout the archipelago from Abaco, Great Bahama and Andros to the Caicos Islands and Inagua : — Florida ; Cuba ; Jamaica ; Hispani- ola ; Mona ; St. Thomas. Common Velvet-seed. 9. STENOSTOMUM Gaertn. f. Fr. & Sem. 3: 69. 1805. Mostly glabrous shrubs or trees, often resinous, with opposite leaves and small, se?sile or short-pedicelled flowers secund on the branches of axillary peduncled cymLS. Calyx-tube mostly ovoid, its 4-5-toothed or nearly truncate limb persistent. Corolla salverform or funnelform, its 4 or 5 lobes imbricated. Stamens 4 or 5, borne on the throat of the corolla; filaments short or filiform; anthers linear. Ovary 2-6-celled; ovules 1 in each cavity; style slender; stigma capitate or lobed. Fruit a small, 2-6-celled drupe. [Greek, narrow mouth.] About 15 species, natives of the West Indies. Type species: Steno- stomum. lucidum (Sw.) Gaertn. f. Leaves thin, manifestly petioled. 1. 8. lucidum. Leaves thick, sessile or nearly so. Leaves elliptic to obovate-oblong, 3 cm. long or less. 2. 8. mj/rtifoUum. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 4-9 cm. long. 3. 8. densiflorum. 1. Stenostomum lucidum (Sw.) Gaertn. f. Fr. «S: Sem. 3: 69. 1805. Laugeria lucida Sw. Prodr. 48. 1788. Antirrhoea lucida Benth. & Hook. Gen. PL 2: 100. 1873. A smooth-barked tree, 5-13 m. high, or often a shrub, with slender spread- ing glabrous gray branches. Leaves elliptic to oblong, chartaceous, glabrous, 4-10 cm. long, obtuse or acutish at the apex, obtuse or narrowed at the base, bright green, shining, pinnately veined, the petioles 4-10 mm. long; stipules narrowly lanceolate, puberulent, about 8 mm. long; inflorescence glabrous, shorter than or equalling the leaves, the branches of the cyme few, very slen- der; flowers sessile; calyx turbinate, 5-toothed, about 2.5 mm. long, the teeth rounded; corolla white, 4-5 mm. long, with 5 rounded lobes; drupe oblong, red to black, 5-7 mm. long, crowned by the calyx-limb. Coppices and scrub-lands, Andros, New Providence and Cat Island to Great Ragged Island, Inagua and Mariguana : — Cuba to St. Thomas and St. Croix ; .Jamaica ; recorded south to Trinidad. Shinikq Stenostomum. BUBIACEAE. 415 2. Stenostomum myrtifolium Griseb. Fl, Br. W. I. 334. 1861. Antirrhoea myrtifolia Urban, Symb. Ant. 1: 440. 1899. A mucli-branched, resinous rigid shrub^ 6-13 dm. high, the young twigs pubescent. Leaves clustered at the ends of the twigs, coriaceous, viscid, oblong to elliptic or elliptic-obovate, 3 cm. long or less, 8-17 mm. wide, obtuse or short-pointed at the apex, narrowed or rounded at the base, finely reticulate-veined, glabrous or nearly so, the stout puberulent petioles about 2 mm. long; stipules deltoid-ovate; peduncles 2-3-flowered, pubescent, much shorter than the leaves; flowers sessile; calyx about 2 mm. long, the limb 5- toothed; corolla white, 6-8 mm. long, its 5 oblong obtuse lobes much shorter than the tube; drupe globose-ellipsoid, black, 4 mm. long. White-lands, pine-lands, coppices, and scrub-lands. Berry Islands, North Bimini, Andros, New Providence and Eleuthera to North Caicos and Inagua : — Cuban Cays. Myrtle Stenostomum. 3. Stenostomum densiflorum Griseb. Cat. PL Cub. 132. 1866. Laugeria densiflora Hitchc. Eep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4: 93. 1893. Giiettarda densiflora Maza, Ann. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 23: 290. 1894. A shrub, usually 1-3 mm. high, or sometimes a small tree up to 5 m. high, the bark smooth, the slender, glabrous branches ascending. Leaves coriaceous, viscid-resinous at least when young, oblong to elliptic-lanceolate, acute at both ends, dark green and shining above, dull and paler beneath, the petioles very short, the short-ovate stipules connate^ ciliate, persistent; pe- duncles several-flowered, as long as the leaves or shorter, the cyme usually 2-forked; flowers sessile; calyx about 1 mm. long; corolla about 4 mm. long, its oblong lobes shorter than the tube; drupe globose or globose-ellipsoid, pink to blue-black, 3-4 mm. long. Scrub-lands and coppices, Abaco, Andros, New Providence : — Cuba. Viscid STEXOSI .^lUM. • 10. ERITHALIS P. Br.; L. Syst. ed. 10, 930. 1759. Glabrous shrubs or small trees, with broad, dark green, opposite petioled leaves, connate stipules, and small flowers in corymbose panicles. Calyx-tube globose to ovoid, the short limb truncate or 4-5-toothed. Corolla nearly rotate or salverform, its 5-10 narrow lobes valvate, recurved or spreading. Stamens 5-10, borne at the base of the corolla; filaments filiform; anthers basifixed, narrow. Ovary 5-10-celled; ovules solitary in each cavity, pendulous; style stout. Fruit a small drupe, containing 5-10 nutlets. [Greek, very green.] About 6 species, of the West Indies, Florida and Central America. Type species: Erithalis fruticosa L. 1. Erithalis fruticosa L. loc. cit. 1759. Erithalis odorifera Jaeq. Select. Am. 72. 1763. A shrub, 6 dm. to 4 m. high, or a tree up to 8 m. high, with terete branches. Leaves elliptic to oblong, obovate or suborbieular, subcoriaceous, dark green, shining, 4-15 cm. long, rounded or short-pointed at the apex, mostly narrowed at the base, the petioles 4-16 mm. long; stipules connate, mucronate, the sheath persistent, 1-2 mm. long; panicles peduncled, several- many-flowered; calyx 1-2 mm. long, the limb repand-denticulate; corolla 4-10 mm. long, deeply 5-parted, its lobes linear-oblong; anthers as long as the filaments or longer; drupe globose or depressed-globose, 5-10-furrowed, '2-5 416 EUBIACEAE. mm. in diameter^ black when mature. Consists of many races, differing in size of tlie plant, leaves, fruit and flowers, and length of the calyx-limb. Scrub-lands, coppices and coastal thickets, throughout the archipelago : — Flor- ida ; West Indies; Central America. In Bulletin N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3: 452, E. odorifera was referred to as distinct from E. frwticosa, but the differences observed do not now appear to be sufficient to maintain the two as species. Referred to E. rotundata Griseb. by Mrs. Northrop. Black Toech. 11. PHIALANTHUS Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I. 335. 1861. Eesiniferous shrubs or small trees^ with terete branches, coriaceous oppo- site short-petioled, oblong to lanceolate leaves, and small axillary clustered, sessile or short-pedicelled flowers, the stipules connate. Calyx turbinate, with 4 or 5 persistent lobes. Corolla funnelform, its 4 or 5 lobes obtuse, valvate. Stamens 4 or 5, borne on the base of the corolla-tube. Ovary 2-celled; style filiform ; s-tigma. obtuse ; ovules 1 in each cavity, pendulous. Fruit drupaceous. [Greek, urn-flower.] Four known West Indian species. Type species: Phia- lanthus myrtilloides Griseb. 1. Phialanthus myrtilloides Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I. 335. 1861. A shrub, or rarely a small tree, 1-3 m. high. Leaves oblong to oblong- spatulate, 1.5-5 cm. long, 0.5-2 cm. wide, obtuse or bluntly acute at the apex, narrowed at the base, the midvein rather prominent, the lateral venation almost wholly obscure; fascicles of flowers mostly opposite, very short- peduncled; calyx-tube narrowly turbinate, 1.5-2 mm. long, the 4 persistent thin, oblong to spatulate, obtuse lobes 2-2.5 mm. long. Coppices, pine-lands, and scrub-lands, Andros, New Providence, Cat Island. Ex- uma, Crooked and Fortune Islands, the Inaguas and Caicos Islands : — Cuba. Myrtle Phialanthus. Candlewood. 12. CHIOCOCCA P. Br.; L. Syst. ed. 10^917. 1759. Woody vines, or shrubs, with broad opposite subcoriaceous or chartaceous leaves, broad stipules, and small, yellow or white flowers in axillary, simple or compound racemes. Calyx-tube ovoid to turbinate, the limb 5-toothed, per- sistent. Corolla funnelform or narrowly campanulate, with 5 valvate re- flexed or spreading lobes. Stamens 5^ borne toward the base of the corolla- tube; filaments mostly pubescent, connate at the base; anthers linear, basi- fixed, not exserted. Ovary 2-celled, rarely 3-celled; style filiform; ovules solitary in each cavity, pendulous. Drupe flattened, leathery, Avhite. Seed- coat membranous; endosperm fleshy. [Greek, snowberry.] About 10 species, natives of Florida, Bermuda and tropical America. Type species: Chiococca racemosa L. Leaves bright green, mostly 4-8 cm. long ; corolla bright yellow ; fruit 6-8 mm. broad. 1. C. alba. Leaves dark green, mostly 2—4 cm. long ; corolla white or purple to pale yellow ; fruit about 5 mm. broad. 2. G. pinetorum. 1. Chiococca alba (L.) Hitchc. Eep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4: 94. 1893. Lonicera alha L. 8p. PI. 175. 1753. Chiococca racemosa L. Syst. ed. 10, 917. 1759. Chiococca parvifolia Wullsehl.; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I. 337. 1861. A glabrous shrub, 1-3 m. high, with slender spreading branches, or a vine 5 m. long or more. Leaves elliptic, oblong, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, EUBIACEAE. 417 2-8 cm. long, acute, acuminate or bluntish at the apex, narrowed at the base, the midvein prominent, the lateral veins few and obscure^ the slender petioles 4-12 mm. long; racemes several-many -flowered, as long as the leaves, or longer, or shorter; corolla 5-lobed nearly to the middle, yellow, 6-9 mm. long; drupes bright white, orbicular, 5-8 mm. broad. Coppices, scrub-lands and pine-lands, throughout the archipelago from Abaco, Great Bahama and Andros to Mariguana, North Caicos and Inagua : — Florida ; West Indies ; continental tropical America. Consists of many races differing in size of corolla, shape of leaves and with calyx-teeth deltoid to deltoid-lanceolate, the anther tips either included or somewhat exserted beyond the coroUa-tube. West Indian Snowberry. Snakeroot. 2. Chiococca pinetorum Britton; Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 171. 1906. A vine, creeping or low-climbing, sometimes 1.5 m. long, usually shorter. Branches short; leaves ovate, lanceolate or elliptic, small, 2-4.5 cm. long, varying from acute to obtuse at the apex, narrowed at the base, coriaceous, dark green and shining above, paler and clull beneath, the midvein impressed on the under side, the lateral veins few and obscure, the petiole slender, 2-3 mm. long; racemes few-flowered, shorter than the leaves or about equalling them; pedicels about as long as the calyx, or sometimes a little longer; calyx campanulate 2 mm. long; corolla funnelform-campanulate^ about 5 mm. long, white or purple changing to yellow; berry white, somewhat compressed, 4-6 mm. in diameter. Pine-lands and scrub-lands, Abaco, Great Bahama, Andros, New Providence. Cat Island and Watling's : — Florida. Pineland Snowberry. 13. SCOLOSANTHUS Vahl, Eclog. 1: 11. 1796. Shrubs, often spiny, with opposite petioled coriaceous leaves, and small or minute, axillary_, solitary or clustered, peduncled flowers. Calyx-tube short, the limb 4-clef t, the lobes narrow. Corolla small, funnelf orm, its 4 short spreading lobes imbricated. Stamens 4, included, the filaments filiform, the anthers linear. Ovary 2-celled; style slender, pilose; stigma notched or 2- elef t ; ovules solitary in each ovary-ca\aty, pendulous. Fruit a small drupe. [Greek, curved flower,, of no obvious application.] About 7 species, natives of the West Indies. Type species: Scolosanthns versicolor A^ahl. 1. Scolosanthus bahamensis Britton, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3: 452. 1905. An intricately branched, somewhat resinous shrub, 8 dm. high or less, with gray-brown bark, the young twigs greenish, densely papillose, 4-angled, armed with slender scattered pungent solitaiy spines 1 cm. long or less. Leaves opposite or fascicled, 2-5 mm. long, thick, papillose, ovate to elliptic, revolute-margined, obtuse, very short-petioled, dark green above, paler beneath; flowers not seen; fruits solitary, oblong to globose, white, soft, 2-4 mm. long. Coppices and pine-lands, Andros, New Providence and Cat Island. Endemic. Bahama Scolosanthus. 14. STRUMPFIA Jacq. Enum. 8, 28. 1760. A low, much-branched shrub, with linear, revolute-margined, coriaceous, very short-petioled leaves verticillate in 3 's, and erow^ded near the ends of the short-jointed branches, the small white flowers in short axillary racemes, the small stipules persistent. Calyx ovoid, the limb 5-cleft, the lobes persistent. Corolla deeply 5-cleft, the lobes lanceolate, imbricated, the tube very short. Stamens 5, borne at the base of the corolla-tube; filaments short, slightly 418 RUBIACEAE. united at the base; anthers narrowly oblong, connate. Ovary 2-celled; ovules 1 in each cavity, erect, anatropous; style pubescent; stigma 2-lobed. Fruit a small fleshy drupe, containing 1 or 2 stones. Seed oblong; endosperm fle&hy; embryo minute. [Named for Karl Strumpf, professor in Halle.] A mono- typic West Indian genus. 1. Strumpfia maritima Jaeq. Enum. 28. 1760. A shrub 2 m. high or less, the rather stout twigs densely pubescent or puberulent, scarred by the persistent stipule-bases. Leaves 1-2.5 cm. long, apiculate, pubescent when young, the margins revolute so as to meet and cov^er the under surface; peduncles pubescent, 2-10 mm. long; calyx about 1 mm. long; calyx-lobes triangular-ovate, acute; corolla pubescent, 3-4 mm. long, its short tube campanulate, its lobes much longer than the tube; drupes white or red, 3-6 mm. in diameter. Coastal rocks and rocky plains, throughout the archipelago from Abaco, Great Bahama and Andros to Grand Turk and Inagua : — Florida ; West Indies and Cozu- mel. Strumpfia. 15. PSYCHOTRIA L. Syst. ed. 10, 929. 1759. Shrubs or trees, rarely perennial herbs, with opposite or rarely verticillate leaves, the stipules persistent or deciduous, the small flowers in terminal corymbs or panicles, rarely in axillary fascicles. Calyx short, the limb 4-5- toothed. Corolla funnelform or subcampanulate, the limb 4-5-lobed, the lobes valvate. Stamens 5, borne on the corolla-tube, the filaments mostly short, the anthers linear or oblong. Ovary 2-celled; ovules 1 in each cavity, erect, anat- ropous; style short or elongated; stigma 2-cleft. Fruit a globose to oblong drupe containing 2 pyrenae, smooth, angled or ribbed. Seed convex; endo- sperm fleshy or cartilaginous. [Greek, to give life, from supposed medicinal properties.] A very large genus, containing 500 species or more, natives of tropical and subtropical America. Type species: Psychotria asiatica L., of Jamaica. Fruit subdidymous, broader than long; pyrenae angled. 1. P. piibescens. Fruit ellipsoid ; pyrenae furrowed. Panicles sessile. 2. P. undata. Panicles stalked. 3. P. Ugustrifolia. 1. Psychotria pubescens Sw. Prodr. 44. 1788. Myrstiphylhim puhescens Hitchc. Eep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4: 95. 1893. A shrub, 3 m. high or less, rarely a small tree 5 m. high, the branches slender, sometimes constricted at the nodes, the twigs, leaves and inflorescence finely pubescent or puberulent, rarely glabrous. Leaves membranous, elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, 7-15 cm. long, acuminate at the apes, narrowed at the base, prominently pinnately veined, the slender petioles 8-18 mm, long, the subulate geminate stipules united by their broad bases; panicles peduncled, usually many-flowered; pedicels very short; calyx about 1 mm. long, its teeth ovate; corolla yellow, whitish or pinkish, 4-5 mm. long, usually puberulent outside, pubescent in the throat, its oblong lobes shorter than the tube; drupe subglobose, black, 3-4 mm. in diameter, the pyrenae angled. Pine-lands and coppices, Abaco, Great Bahama. Andros and New Providence : — Cuba to St. Thomas ; St. Kitts ; Jamaica. Hairy Wild Coffee. RUBIACEAE. 419 2. Psychotria undata Jaeq. Hort. Schoen. 3: 5. 1798. Fsychoiria lanceolata Nutt. Am. Journ. Sci. I. 5: 290. 1822. Myrstiphyllum undatum Hitchc. Eep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4: 95. 1893. A shrub, 0.5-3 m. high, the twigs, leaves and inflorescence usually gla- brous, sometimes pubescent. Leaves elliptic to oblong-elliptic, chartaceous, 6-12 cm. long;, strongly pinnately veined, acuminate at the apex, narrowed at the base, bright green abov3, pale-green beneath_, the slender petioles 15 mm. long or less, the stipules connate-sheathing, deciduous; panicle sessile, several- many-flowered; flowers sessile or very nearly so; calyx about 1 mm, long, its limb nearly truncate; corolla white, about 4 mm. long, its lobes shorter than the tube; drupe red, ellipsoid, blunt, 5-7 mm. long; pyrenae grooved. Pine-lands, scrub-lands and coppices, tliroughout the arcliipelago from Abaco, Great Batiama, the Biminis and Andros to Watling's and Long Island : — Florida and the West Indies ; Central America. ?P. asiatica of Schoepf. Wild Coffee. 3. Psychotria li^strifdlia (Northrop) Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 172. 1906. Myrstiphylhim ligustrifolhim Northrop, Mem. Torr. Club 12: 68. 1902. Psychotria haJiamensis Millsp.; Britton, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3: 451. 1905. A nearly glabrous shrub, rarely more than 2.5 m. high. Leaves thin, lanceolate to oblanceolate, broadest at or above the middle, narrowed to the apex and to the petiole, slightly pilose beneath, especially along the mid-rib; stipules large, orbicular, dimidiate-sheathing, apiculate ; inflorescence panicu- late, peduncled, 4-chotomous, exceeded by the leaves; calyx with 5 short deltoid teeth; corolla-tube glabrous without, bearded in a ring at the insertions of the filaments within, its lobes 5, elliptic, acute, strongly deflexed, nearly as long as the tube; fruit ellipsoid, red, about 5 mm. long; pyrenae plano- convex, grooved. Pine-lands and scrub-lands, throughout the archipelago from Abaco. Great Ba- hama, the Biminis and Andros to Mariguana, North Caicos and Inagua : — Florida ; Bermuda ; Cuba ; Hispaniola ; Porto Rico. Smooth Wild Coffee. 16. MORINDA L. Sp. PI. 176. 1753. Shrubs, vines or trees, with opposite or verticillate leaves, and mostly per- fect, white or red flowers in dense terminal or axillary capitate clusters. Calyx truncate or obscurely toothed. Corolla funnelform or salverform, its 4-7 lobes valvate. Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes, the short filaments adnate to the throat of the corolla. Ovary mostly 2-celled; styles connate; stigmas slender; ovules 1 in each cavity, ascending. Fruit a fleshy syncarp. [Latin, Indian Mulberry.] Forty species or more, of tropical distribution, the follow- ing typical. 1. Morinda Royoc L. Sp. PI. 176. 1753. A shrub, 3 m. high or less, with slender straggling branches, or a vine up to 7 m. long, glabrous or very nearly so throughout. Leaves oblong to oblong- oblanceolate, thin, but somewhat fleshy, 5-10 cm, long, acute or acuminate at the apex, narrowed or cuneate at the base, darkening in drying, the petioles 5-10 mm. long, the broad persistent stipules subulate-tipped ; flowers white or pinkish, in axillary, short-peduncled heads; corolla 6-8 mm. long, its oblong lobes shorter than the tube; syncarp subglobose, 8-25 mm. in diameter, yellow. Coastal rocky plains, Abaco. Great Bahama, Andros and Eleuthera : — Florida ; Cuba : Hispaniola ; Jamaica ; Bonaire ; Curacao : Aruba ; South Mexico to Colombia ; recorded from Bermuda. Called Rhubarb. Wild Mulberry. 420 EUBIACEAE. 1. E. littoraUs. o 3.' E. angusta. E. Cokeri. 4. E. Mill spa ughii. 5. E. Taylori. 6. E. NashU. 17. ERNODEA* Sw. Prodr. 29. 1788. Glabrous^, or somewhat pubescent, low shrubs, the branches erect, decum- bent or trailing, with opposite, linear to lanceolate, nearly sessile leaves, the stipules connate into a sheath; flowers small, solitary and sessile in the axils. Oalyx-tube short, the limb 4-6-parted, the lobes triangular to linear or subulate, persistent. Corolla white to pink, the tube nearly eylindric, the 4-6 lobes nar- row, revolute, valvate. Ovary 2-celled; style slender; stigma subcapitate; ovules 1 in each ovary-cavity. Drupe fleshy, grooved, containing 2 cartilag- inous, 1-seeded pyrenes. [Greek, a shoot or off -shoot.] Only the following species are known. Type species: Ernodea littoraUs Sw. Calyx-lobes nearly as long as the fruit or longer. Leaves lanceolate to elliptic, oblaneeolate or oblong-lanceo- late, 5-10 mm. wide. Corolla white to pink ; leaves relatively broad ; plant mostly of coasts. . _ _. Corolla red to scarlet ; leaves relatively narrow ; plant mostly of pine-lands. Leaves narrowly linear, 1-3 mm. wide. Calyx-lobes much shorter than the fruit. Leaves oblong-lanceolate. 6-8 mm. wide. Leaves narrowly linear to linear-oblanceolate, 1-3 mm. wide. Leaves bristle-tipped ; calyx-lobes half as long as the fruit. Leaves merely mucronate ; calyx-lobes one-third as long as the fruit. 1. Ernodea littoralis Sw. Prodr. 29. 1788. A glabrous or glandular-puberulent shrub, 1-16 dm., high, erect, or nearly or quite prostrate, the branches 4-angled, usually densely leafy. Leaves 3-5- nerved, shining, somewhat fleshy, oblong, elliptic, linear-oblong or oblaneeolate, 2-3.5 cm. long, 4-10 mm. wide; entire or glandular-serrulate; stipules 1.5-2 mm. long; calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate, longer than the tube; corolla white or pink, its tube 1-1.5 cm. long; fruit subglobose, yellow, 4-6 mm. in diameter, about as long as or somewhat shorter than the calyx-lobes. Coastal rocks and sands within the influence of ocean spray, throughout the archipelago from Great Bahama, Abaco and Andros to Mariguana and Inagua : — Florida ; Cuba to Porto Rico and Anegada ; St. Croix : Guadeloupe ; Jamaica. Races differ in habit, pubescence, size and width of leaves. Common Erxode.v. 2. Ernodea angusta Small, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3: 438. 1905. Similar to prostrate races of E. littoraUs, glabrous or nearly so. Leaves linear, coriaceous, 2-4 cm. long, 1.5-6 mm. wide; calyx-lobes linear -lanceolate, acute, about one-half as long as the corolla-tube; corolla mostly pink or red to scarlet, its tube 8-10 mm. long; fruit oval, 5-6 mm. long. Coastal pine-lands of Garden Cay, Great Bahama, Andros, New Providence : — Florida. Pixelaxd Ernodea, 3. Ernodea Cokeri Britton; Coker in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands 264. 1905. Stems very slender, trailing, branched, finely pubescent, 3-9 dm. long. Leaves narrowly linear, 2-3 cm. long, 1-3 mm, wide, acute, rough-pubescent, 1-nerved. narrowed at the base into short petioles; stipules about 2 mm. long; fruit globose-obovoid, about 4 mm, long; calyx-lobes subulate, 6-7 mm. long; fruit oval, about 5 mm. long. Trailing on sand dunes and in scrub-lands of Abaco, Great Bahama and Andros. Endemic. Coker's Ernodea. * For a study of the species and races see Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 35: 203-8. 1908. RUBIACEAE. 421 4. Ernodea Millspaughii Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 35: 207. 1908. A shrub, 6-12 dm. liigh_, the twigs and leaves glabrous. Leaves oblong- oblanceolate, sharply pointed, 2-3 cm. long, 5-8 mm. wide, the short broad stipules cuspidate; flowering calyx obovoid, about 3 ram. long, the triangular lobes only one-fifth to one-fourth as long as the ovary; corolla white, 1 cm. long, its lobes about one-half as long as the tube ; fruit nearly oval, 5 mm. long, the calyx-lobes triangular-lanceolate, 1.5-2 mm. long. Coastal sands of Long Island, Great Ragged Island, and Grand Turk. Endemic. MiLLSPAUGH's Ernodea. 5. Ernodea Taylori Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 35: 208. 1908. Spreading, with long slender branches, glabrous. Leaves narrowly linear, stiff, 1.5-2,5 cm. long^ 1.5-2 mm. wide, revolute-margined, spinulose-tipped, the stipules triangular-subulate; flowers not seen; fruit golden-yellow, oval, 5 mm. long, the calyx-lobes narrowly linear, 2 mm. long. On white-lands at Tenados, Inagua. Endemic. Taylor's Ernodea. 6. Ernodea Nashii Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 35: '208. 1908. Pros'trate, glabrous throughout, the branches 6 dm. long, or more, the branchlets erect or ascending, 0.5-2 dm. high, the twigs very densely clothed with leaves. Leaves linear-oblanceolate, leathery in texture, 2-2.5 cm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, mucronulate ; flowering calyx 4.5 mm. long, its lobes acute, 1.5 mm. long; corolla 1.5 cm. long, its lobes w^hite within, brown without, about one-third as long as the tube ; fruit ovoid-oval, 5 mm. long, the persistent acute calyx-lobes 1.5 mm. long. White-lands at Moujean Harbor, Little Inagua and at the west end of that island. Endemic. Nash's Ernodea. 18. BORRERIA G. F. W. Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq. 79. 1818. Annual or perennial herbs, or shrubby plants, with opposite entire leaves, the stipules sheathing, the flowers perfect, solitary in the axils, or in axillary or terminal clusters. Calyx-tube obovoid or turbinate, its lobes persistent, sometimes accompanied by small teeth. Corolla w^hite, pink or blue, funnel- form or salverform, the lobes 4, valvate, spreading. Stamens 4, adnate to the corolla-tube, sometimes up to its throat. Disk obsolete or cushion-like. Ovary 2-eelled; styles wholly or partially united; ovules solitary in each cavity, amphitropous. Fruit leathery or crustaceous, the 2 carpels opening along their inner faces. [In honor of W. Borrer, British lichenologist.] About 90 species, natives of tropical and warm regions. Type species: Borreria suave- olens Meyer. Annual herbs. Calyx-teeth ovate, much shorter than the tube. 1. B. laevis. Calyx-teeth subulate, nearly as long as the tube. 2. B. ocimokles. Shrubs or woody perennial herbs. Stems more or less pubescent : leaves ciliate. Stem-pubescence short, stiff. .S. /?. thj/mifolia. Stem-pubescence loose, floccose. 4. B. inaguensis. Stems glabrous ; leaves not ciliate or but slightly ciliate. Leaves linear-oblong, 1.5-3 mm. wide; corolla 4.5-5 mm. long. 5. B. saxicola. Leaves linear, 0.8-1.2 mm. wide ; corolla 2.5-4 mm. long. Calyx-lobes long-ciliate ; corolla 4 mm. long. 6. B. Wilsonii. Calyx-lobes glabrous ; corolla 2.5 mm. long or less. Leaves firm in texture, 1-1.5 cm. long; internodes of branches short; calyx-lobes mostly 2 or 3. 7. B.hahamcnsis. Leaves thin in texture, 1-3 cm. long ; internodes of branches elongated; calyx-lobes 4. 8. B. savannarum. 422 KUBIACEAE. 1. Borreria laevis (Lam.) Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I. 349. 1861. Spermacoce laevis Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 273. 1791. Slightly pubescent, branched^ the branches spreading or ascending, 1.5-3 dm. long^ somewhat angled. Leaves oblong to elliptic-lanceolate, 2-4 cm. long, acute or acuminate at the apex, narrowed at the base into short petioles, pin- nately veined; stipular sheath subtruneate, bearing several bristles 4-6 mm. long; flowers white, about 3 mm. wide, capitate-clustered in the axils; calyx- lobes 4, ovate, minute; fruit obovoid, about 2 mm. long; seeds oblong, striate. Sink-holes, pine-lands and meadows, Great Bahama and New Providence to Wat- ling's and Inagua : — Bermuda ; West Indies and continental tropical America. Button- weed. 2. Borreria ocimoides (Burm. f.) DC. Prodr. 4: 544. 1830. Spermacoce ocimoides Burm. f. Fl. Ind. 34. 1768. Borreria parviflora G. F. W. Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq. 83. 1818. Annual, 6 dm. high or less, slenderj erect or sometimes diffusely branched, glabrous, the stem and branches 4-angled. Leaves linear to oblong-elliptic, or the lower spatulate, 0.5-2.5 cm. long, 1-8 mm. wide, acute, short-petioled ; stipular sheath with setaceous teeth 2-3 mm. long; glomerules several-many- flowered, 6-8 mm. in diameter; calyx-teeth 4, subulate, about 0.7 mm. long; corolla white, a little shorter than the calyx-teeth, its lobes ovate; fruit ellipsoid to obovoid, pubescent, nearly 1 mm. long. South Caicos, Mariguana : — Florida ; West Indies ; continental tropical America ; East Indies. Slender Borreria. 3. Borreria thymifolia Griseb. Fl. Br.W. I. 350. 1861. Perennial, suffrutescent; stems bushy -branched, forming clumps up to 1 m. broad, 3.5 dm. high or less, the internodes short, the 4-angled branches loosely rather stiff-pubescent. Leaves linear, channeled, stiff, ciliate, 2-6 mm. long, sessile, the apex spinulose-apiculate ; smaller leaves are commonly fascicled in the axils of the larger ones; stipular sheath ciliate; flowers few together in small terminal heads subtended by the upper leaves; calyx-lobes 2 or 3, oblong-lanceolate, sparingly ciliate, acute; corolla whitCj about 3 mm. long, its lobes deltoid-ovate. Sandy and rocky soil, Turk's Islands. Endemic. 4. Borreria inaguensis Britton, sp. nov. Intricately branched from a stout woody root, forming clumps 4 dm. in diameter or more, about 2 dm. high, the branches very slender, 4-angled, loosely soft-pubescent, the internodes mostly longer than the leaves. Leaves linear, rather stiff, channeled, ciliolate, 1.5-3 mm. long, spinulose-tipped, often with smaller ones fascicled in their axils; flowers few or solitary at the ends of the branches subtended by the upper leaves; calyx-lobes 4, linear- lanceolate, acuminate, 1 mm. long, with minute accessary teeth; corolla white, nearly 2 mm. long, its lobes ovate-elliptic, obtuse. Scrub-lands, Moujean Harbor, Little Inagua (Nash <& Taylor, 21U). 5. Borreria saxicola Britton, sp. nov. Shrubby, loosely branched, 3-4 dm. high, the twigs slender, glabrous, 4-sided, the internodes mostly longer than the leaves. Leaves linear-oblong, glabrous, rather firm in texture, 10-18 mm. long, 1.5-3 mm. wide, acute or acuminate at the apex, slightly narrowed toward the base, usually with smaller ones fascicled in the axils; stipular sheath sparingly puberulent, the stipules short, acute; flowers capitate at the ends of the twigs, subtended by the upper leaves; calyx-teeth 3 or 4, triangular-lanceolatej acuminate, glabrous, 1.5-2 mm. long; corolla 4.5-5 mm. long, its lobes ovate, obtuse. Loose rocky soil, South Caicos (type, Millspaugh, 92J^2). Endemic. EUBIACEAE. 423 6. Borreria Wilsonii Britton, sp. nov. Perennial with a tap-root 1.5-2 dm. long, bushy-branched, about 1.5 dm. high and as broad as high, the slender quadrangular twigs glabrous or very nearly so, the internodes about as long as the leaves or somewhat longer. Leaves linear, glabrous, 4-7 mm. long^ about 1 mm. wide, apiculate, shining, straight or somewhat curved with smaller ones fascicled in their axils; stipular sheath with a few subulate teeth; flowers few together at the ends of the twigs; calyx-lobes 4, lanceolate, acuminate, long-ciliate, 1.5 mm. long; corolla 4 mm. long, its lobes ovate, obtuse. Castle Island (Wilson, 7787). Endemic. 7. Borreria bahamensis Britton, sp. nov. A low much-branched glabrous shrub, 1.5-3.5 dm. high, the internodes mostly less than 2 cm. long. Leaves linear^ rather stiff, 8-15 mm. long, mucronate, 0.5-1.5 mm. wide, usually with smaller ones fascicled in the axils; stipular sheath few-toothed; flowers capitate at the ends of the branches, subtended by the upper leaves, the heads about 5 mm. in diameter; calyx- lobes 2 or 3, rarely 4; corolla white, 2-2.5 mm. long, its lobes ovate, acute. Sandy and rocky soil, Cat Island, Crooked Island, Fortune Island, Rum Cay, Am- bergris Cay and Inagua. Type from Crooked Island (Brace, Jf7Jf9). Recorded by Hitchcock as B. tJiymocephala Griseb., and listed by Coker as Bourreria thymifolia. Endemic. 8. Borreria savannarum Britton, sp. nov. A much branched glabrous shrub 3-10 dm. high^ with very slender, elongated, 4-angled branches, the internodes mostly longer than the leaves. Leaves linear-filiform, 1-3 cm. long, about 0.5 mm. wide, thin in texture, apiculate, darkening in drying, often with smaller ones fascicled in their axils; stipular sheath with several subulate teeth; flowers capitate at the ends of the branches, the heads 3-4 mm. in diameter, subtended by the uppermost leaves; calyx with 4 linear lobes about as long as the tube; corolla white, 2.5 mm. long, its lobes ovate, obtuse. Savannas, Inagua (type Nash & Taylor, 1320) ; also on Acklin's Island and For- tune Island. Endemic. 19. SPERMACOCE L. Sp. PI. 102. 1753. Herbs, with 4-sided stems, opposite stipulate leaves, and small white flowers, in dense axillary and terminal clusters. Calyx-tube obovoid, or ob- eonic, its limb 4-toothed. Corolla funnelform, 4-lobed. Stamens 4, inserted on the tube of the corolla. Ovary 2-celled; ovules 1 in each cavity; style slender; stigma capitate, or slightly 2-lobed. Capsule coriaceous, didymous, of 2 carpels, one dehiscent, the other usually indehiscent. Seeds oblong, convex on the back; endosperm horny; embryo central; cotyledons foliaceous. [Greek, seed-point, from the sharp calyx-teeth surmounting the carpels.] Two or three species, natives of America. Type species: Spermacoce tenuior L. Glabrous or nearly so ; leaves 2-6 mm. wide. 1. S. tenuior. Pubescent with long hairs ; leaves 8-20 mm. wide. 2. S. tetraquetra. 1. Spermacoce tenuior L. Sp. PI. 102. 1753. Glabrous or nearly so. Stems simple and erect or more or less diffusely branched from the base, the branches 1-3 dm. long; leaves linear, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 2-5 cm. long, acute or acuminate at both ends, narrowed into short petioles; calyx-lobes subulate or lanceolate-subulate; corolla white, 424 EUBIACEAE. twice or thrice as long as the calyx-lobes, its lobes broad, rounded, the fruit about 2 mm. long. Waste grounds and sink-holes, throughout the archipehigo from Abaco, Great Bahama and Andres to Watling's. Crooked, Inagua and Caicos Islands : — Bermuda ; southern United States ; West Indies and continental tropical America. 2. Spermacoce tetraquetra A. Eich. in Sagra, Hist. Cub. 11: 29. 1850. Stouter and larger than S. tenuior, sometimes 6 dm. high, densely pubes- cent nearly all over with long, whitish hairs. Leaves lanceolate to oblong- lanceolate, rather strongly veined, acute at the apex, narrowed or obtuse at the base. 2-8 cm. long, 2 cm. wide or less; calyx-lobes lanceolate^ acuminate; corolla white, about twice as long as the calyx-lobes; fruit about 2 mm. long. Waste grounds, Andros, New Providence, Inagua : — Bermuda (naturalized) ; Cuba. 20. GALIUM L. Sp. PI. 105. 1753. Herbs, with 4-angled slender stems and branches, apparently verticillate leaves, and small flowers, mostly in axillary or terminal cjTues or panicles. Flowers perfect, or in some species dioecious. Calyx-tube ovoid or globose, the limb minutely toothed, or none. Corolla rotate, 4-lobed (rarely 3-lobed). Stamens 4, rarely 3 ; filaments short ; anthers exserted. Ovary 2-celled ; ovules one in each cavity. Styles 2, short; stigmas capitate. Fruit didymous^ sepa- rating into 2 indehiscent carpels, or sometimes only 1 of the carpels maturing. Endosperm horny; embryo curved; cotyledons foliaceous. [Greek, milk, from the use of G. verum for curdling.] About 250 species, of wide distribution. The leaves are really opposite, the intervening members of the verticils being stipules. Type species: Galium Molhtgo L. 1. Galium bermudense L. Sp. PI. 105. 1753. Galium liispidulum Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 79. 1803. Eelhiinium hermudense Britten, Journ. Bot. 47: 42. 1909. Perennial, much branched, hirsute, hispid or nearly glabrous, 3-6 dm. high. Lfeaves in 4's, 1-nerved, oval, mucronate, rather thick, 6-20 mm. long, 3-8 mm. wide, the margins more or less revolute in drying; flowers few, terminating the branchlets, white; pedicels 6-8 mm. long, rather stout, becom- ing defiexed in fruit; fruit fleshy, minutely pubescent, about 4 mm. broad. Pine-lands and coppices, Abaco, Great Bahama. Andros. New Providence and Eleuthera : — Bermuda : southeastern Ignited States. Plants glabrous or very pubes- cent. Reported by Dolley as Galium Jiijpocarpium. Order 7. CAMPANULALES. Herbs, rarely shrubs, the corolla gamopetalous, or petals sometimes separate in Cucurbitaceae. Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes (fewer in the Cucurbitaceae); anthers united (except in Ambrosiaceae). Ovary inferior. Flowers not in involucrate heads : juice mostly milky. Endosperm none ; flowers regular, monoecious or dioecious ; our species vines. Fam. 1. Cucurbitaceae. Endosperm present, fleshy ; flowers perfect, irregular. Stigma not indusiate. Fam. 2. Lobeltaceae. Stigma indusiate. Fam. 3. Goodexiaceae. Flowers in involucrate heads. CUCURBITACEAE. 425 Flowers all expanded into rays (ligulate) : juice milky. Fam. 4. Cichoriaceae. Flowers all tubular, or the outer expanded into rays ; juice very rarely milky. Stamens distinct, or nearly so. Fam. 5. Ambrosiaceae. Stamens united by their anthers into a tube around the style. Fam. 6. Carduaceae. Family 1. CUCURBITACEAE B. Juss. Gourd Family. Herbaceous vines, usually with tendrils. Leaves alternate, petioled, general^ palmately lobed or dissected. Flowers mona?eious or dioecious. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovaiy, its limb usually 5-lobed, the lobes imbri- cated. Petals usually 5, inserted on the limb of the calyx, separate, or united into a gamopetalous corolla. Stamens mostly 3 (sometimes 1), 2 of them with 2-celled anthers, the other with a 1-celled anther; filaments short, often somewhat monadelphous. Ovary 1-3-celled; style terminal, simple, or lobed ; ovules anatropous. Fruit a pepo, indehiscent, or rarely dehiscent at the summit, or bursting irregularly; or sometimes dry and membranous. Seeds usually flat; endosperm none. About 90 genera and 700 species, mainly of tropical regions. Ovules horizontal. Anther-sacs flexuous. 1. Momordica. Anther-sacs straight or curved, not flexuous. Stamens 3 ; an annular disk at the base of the style. 2. Melothria. Stamens 2 ; disk none, or obscure. 3. Anguria. Ovules ascending. 4. Cayaponia. 1. MOMORDICA L. Sp. PI. 1009. 1753. Herbaceous, climbing or prostrate vines, with simple or forked tendrils, and dioecious or monoecious mostly yellow flowers, the staminate solitary or clustered, the pistillate solitary. Staminate flowers with a 5-lobed calyx, a nearly rotate, 5-parted or 5-lobed corolla, and usually 3 stamens with short distinct filaments. Pistillate flowers with calyx and corolla like those of the staminate, a 1-celled ovary with 3-placentae, the numerous ovules horizontal, the style slender, the stigmas 3. Fruit ovoid to cylindric, 3-valved or indehiscent. [Latin, of uncertain application.] About 25 species, natives of the Old World tropics. Type species: Momordica Balsamina L. 1. Momordica Charantia L. Sp. PI. 1009. 1753. Stem slender, more or less pubescent^ 1-2 m. long, with simple filiform tendrils opposite the leaves. Leaves thin^ reniform or suborbicular in outline, 4-12 cm. broad;, deeply pedately 5-7-lobed, glabrate or pubescent, the lobes dentate, acute or obtuse, the slender petioles 3-6 cm. long; peduncles with an ovate entire cordate bract at or below the middle; sepals oval or ovate, 3-4.5 mm. long; corolla-segments obtuse or emarginate, L5-2 cm. long, yellow; fruit ovoid or oblong, bright yellow, tubercled, 2-12 cm. long; seeds flat, 12-16 mm. long. Waste grounds. New Providence at Nassau : — southern United States ; West Indies and continental tropical America ; Old World tropics. Recorded by Dolley as Momordica Balsamina L. Wild Balsam-Apple. 2. MELOTHRIA L. Sp. PI. 35. 1753. Slender vines, with simple or rarely bifid tendrils, thin leaves, and small, white or yellow, monoecious flowers, the staminate clustered, the pistillate often 28 426 CUCURBITACEAE. solitary. Calyx campanulate, 5-tootlied. Corolla campanulate, deeply 5-parted. Stamens 3 in the staminate llowers, tlie anthers distinct or slightly united, the pistil "wanting or rudimentary. Fertile flowers with 1 pistil; ovary ovoid, constricted below the corolla; placentae 3; ovules numerous; style short; stigmas 3, linear. Fruit small, berry-like, pulpy. [From the Greek for some vine, probably Bryonia cretica.'] About 64 species^ natives of warm and tropical regions. Type species: Melothria pendida L. 1. Melothria guadalupensis (Spreng.) Cogn. in DC. Mon. Phan. 3: 580. 1881. Bryonia guadalupensis Spreng. Syst. 3: 15. 1826. Melothria pervaga Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I. 289. 1860. A slender glabrous vine, sometimes 2 m. long, climbing by filiform tendrils. Leaves various^ ovate, or ovate-lanceolate in outline, 3-7 cm. long, scabrous, repand or 3-5-lobed with the middle lobe often longer than the lateral ones, acute or acuminate at the apex, deeply cordate at the base; petioles slender, 1—4 cm. long; staminate racemes few-flowered, peduncled; peduncle of the pistillate flower 2-4 cm. long; calyx-teeth subulate, minute; corolla short-villous, about 4 mm. broad, its lobes obtuse; pepo ovoid, 1-1.5 em. long, red or purple. Pine-lands and cultivated grounds, A'baco. New Providence, Eleuthera : — West Indies and continental tropical America. Guadaloupe Ceeeping-Cucumbee. 3. ANGUEIA Jacq. Enum. 9, 31. 1760. Climbing vines, with slender simple tendrils, the leaves various, the polygamous flowers mostly small, clustered at the end of a long peduncle, the calyx and corolla of staminate and pistillate flowers similar. Calyx with an elongated, more or less swollen tube and a 5-cleft or 5-toothed limb. Corolla 5-parted, rotate. Staminate flowers with 2 included stamens, the filaments short, the anther-sacs narrow. Pistillate flowers with 2 rudimentary stamens, an ovoid ovary, a slender 2-cleft style, the stigmas 2-cleft. Fruit many- seeded, ovoid or oblong. [Greek^ similar to water melons.] Species 40 or 50, all American. Type species: Anguria pedata Jacq. 1. Anguria pedata Jacq. Enum. 31. 1760. Anguria Keithii Northrop, Mem. Torr. Club 12: 69. 1902. A glabrous monoecious vine, trailing or climbing, 3 m. long or longer, the root elongated, the stem grooved, somewhat woody below. Leaves deeply 5-7- divided, reniform-orbicular in outline, usually divided into 3 short-stalked segments, the 2 lateral ones again 2-3-divided, the segments lanceolate or oblong, acute or obtuse, few-toothed or entire; peduncles slender, about as long as the leaves ; staminate racemes several-flowered ; pedicels 5-16 mm. long; calyx ovoid, 5-7 mm, long, its tube ovate or lanceolate, acute, one-third to one-half as long as the tube; petals orange, 1-1.5 cm. long; pistillate flowers solitary or in. pairs; fruit ovoid, short-beaked, about 3 cm. long. Coppices, Conch Sound, Lisbon Creek and Mangrove Cay, Andros, Eleuthera : — Cuba to Porto Rico; recorded from Panama. Referred to by Dolley as Cucumis Anguria L. 4. CAYAPONIA Manso, Enum. Subst. Bras. 31. 1836. Climbing herbaceous vines, with entire toothed lobed or palmately divided leaves, simple or divided tendrils, and rather large^ monoecious or LOBELIACEAE. 427 dioecious, mostly panieled or racemose flowers. Calyx campam;late, its limb 5-eleft. Corolla 5-parted, rotate or subcampanulate. Staminate flowers with 3 distinct stamens, the anther-sacs flexiious, the rudimentary ovary 3-lobed. Pistillate flowers often with 3 rudimentary stamens; ovary 3-celled; ovules 1 or 2 in each cavity; style 3-cleft, the 3 stigmas dilated. Fruit rather small, slightly fleshy, mostly 3-seeded. [Brazilian name.] About 60 species of trop- ical and subtropical America, one in tropical Africa. Type species: Cayaponia diffusa Manso? Calyx 3-4 mm. long, its teeth triangular ; corolla-lobes 3-5 mm. long. 1. C racemosa. Calyx 6-9 mm. long, its teeth lanceolate ; corolla-lobes 12-15 mm. long. 2. C. americana, 1. Cayaponia racemosa (Sw.) Cogn. in DC. Mon. Phan. 3: 768. 1881. Bryonia racemosa Sw. Prodr. 116. 1788. Trianosperminn racemosum Griseb. Cat. PI. Cub. 112. 1866. A somewhat woody, often high-climbing vine, up to 7 m. long, the stem and branches glabrous. Leaves ovate-orbicular in outlinej 6-13 cm. long, variously lobed, or the upper entire or nearly so, acute or acuminate at the apex, cordate or subreniform at the ba?e, scabrous above, puberulent or his- pidulous beneath, the rather slender petioles 2-7 cm. long; flowers racemose or racemose-paniculate, distant; pedicels 3-6 mm. long; calyx campanulate, 3-4 mm. long^ its teeth triangular-ovate, very small; corolla about 1 cm. broad; pepo oblong, red, 1-2 cm. long. Coppices and clearings, Abaco, New Providence: — Cuba to Tortola ; Tobago; Trinidad and continental tropical America. Racemose Cayaponia. 2. Cayaponia americana (Lam.) Cogn. in DC. Mon. Phan. 3: 785. 1881. Bryonia americana Lam. Encycl. 1: 498. 1785. A long vine, glabrous, similar to C. racemosa, the leaves various, 3-5- lobed or nearly entire, the petioles 2-7 cm. long. Flowers few^ clustered in short racemes or panicles, or sometimes solitary; pedicels 2-6 mm. long; calyx campanulate-cylindric, 6-9 mm. long, its teeth lanceolate, 2-4 mm. long; corolla 2-3 cm. broad; pepo oblong to ellipsoid, 14-18 mm. long. Coppice, Conch Sound, Andros : — ^Cliba to Tortola and St. Vincent. Recorded by Mrs. Northrop as Trianosperma racemosum. Paxicleo Cayaponia. Family 2. LOBELIACEAE Dumort. Lobelia Family. Herbs, or in tropical regions rarely shrubs or trees, often with milky sap which contains a narcotie-aeid poison, with alternate estipnlate simple entire, toothed or pinnately parted leaves, and solitary spicate racemose or paniculate flowers. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, its limb 5-lobed or 5-parted, the lobes equal or unequal. Corolla gamopetalous, ir- regular, often bilabiate, its tube open on one side nearly or quite to the base, its limb 5-lobed ; stamens 5, inserted with the corolla ; filaments some- times cohering into a tube ; anthers united. Ovary 2-5-celled ; style single ; stigma fringed; ovules numerous, sessile, horizontal, anatropous. Fruit a 1-5-celled capsule, or a berry. Seeds numerous, with a smooth or fur- rowed testa. Endosperm fleshy. About 20 genera and 600 species, of wide geographic distribution 428 GOODEXIACEAE. 1. LOBELIA L. Sp. PL 929. 1753. Herbs (some tropical species shrubs), with alternate or basal leaves, and racemose spicate or paniculate, often leafy-bracted, red yellow blue or white flowers. Calyx-tube turbinate, hemispheric or ovoid, adnate to • the ovary. Corolla-tube straight, oblique, or incurved, divided to the base on one side, 2-lipped in our species, the lobe on each side of the cleft erect or recurved, turned away from the other 3 which are somewhat united. Stamens free from the corolla-tube, monadelphous, at least above, 2 or all the 5 anthers with a tuft of hairs at the tips, 3 of them usually larger than the other 2, all united into a tube or ring around the style. Ovary 2 -celled, the 2 placentae many- ovuled; stigma 2-lobed or 2-cleft. Cap?ule loculicidally 2-valved. [Named after Matthias de L'Obel, 1538-1616, a Flemish botanist.] About 250 species of wide geographic distribution. Type species: Lobelia Dortmanna L. 1, Lobelia lucayana Britton & Millspaugh, sp. nov. Annual, slender, pilose with strap-shaped hairs. Stems simple, scapiform, erect, 3-12 cm. high; basal leaves rosulate, small, 1-2 cm. long, ovate or orbicular, obtuse, attenuate to the petiole, crenate-dentate, the teeth mucronu- late; cauline leaves infrequent, spatulate or oblanceolate, sessile or short- petioled; racemes few-flowered, 2-7 cm. long; flowers long-pedicelled, the pedicels slender, much longer than the bracts; corolla blue, about 4 mm. long, bilabiate, the tube elongate-cylindric, deeply fissured; inferior lip 3-lobed, the lobes equal; superior lip 2-lobed, the lobes lanceolate, divergent; mature cap- sule 3 m.m. long; seeds orbicular, biconvex, about 2.5 mm. in diameter, dark and shining. Type from North Caicos, in the vicinity of Kew, Wilson 7713 in herb. N. Y. Botanical Garden : shady places in rich soil, Watling's Island at the southeast end. Habitally like L. Feayana A. Gray, of southern Florida, but in our species the seeds are lenticular, dark brown and polished, while in L. Feayana they are oblong and tuberculate. Bahama Lobelia. Family 3. GOODENIACEAE Dumort. GooDEXiA Family. Herbaceous or shrubby plants, wath w^atery sap. Leaves alternate or sometimes opi^osite, without stipules, entire, toothed or rarely pinnatifid. Flow^ers perfect. Calyx 5-toothed, an entire border, or sometimes obsolete. Corolla 5-lobed, split on one side. Stamens 5, distinct, the anthers opening lengthwise. Ovary mostly inferior, 1-2-celled; styles usually united. Stigma surrounded wdth an indusium. Ovules 1 or 2, or more in each cavity, mostly erect or ascending. Fruit dupaceous, berry-like or capsular. Seeds usually one in each cavity; embryo straight in the axis of the fleshy endosperm. About 12 genera and over 200 species, mostly Australian. 1. SCAEVOLA L. Mant. 2: 145. 1771. Fleshy stout herbs or shrubs, with alternate or rarely opposite, mostly entire leaves, the flowers irregular, axillary, in dichotomous cymes or rarely solitary. Calyx 5-lobed, or a mere border. Corolla white or blue, its lobes winged, its tube split to the base on one side, villous within. Stamens epi- gynous. Ovary inferior or nearly so, 2-celled or rarely 1-celled; stigma sur- CICHOEIACEAE. 429 rounded by a ciliate indusium. Ovules 1 in each cavity, or 2 in 1-eelled ovaries, erect. Berry with a fleshy exocarp and a bony or woody endocarp. [Latin, referring to the irregular flowers. J About 60 species, mostly Austra- lian, the following typical. 1. Scaevola Plumierii (L.) A^ahl, Symb. 2: 36. 1791. Lobelia Plumierii L. Sp. PL 929. 1753. Scaevola Lobelia Murr. Syst. ed. 13, 178. 1774. Perennial, nearly glabrous, more or less shrubby, 6-15 dm. high, much branched and straggling. Leaves alternate, obovate, 4—6 cm. long, entire, shining, narrowed into very short winged petioles, or nearly sessile, with a tuft of silky hairs in each axil; peduncles shorter than the leaves; calyx-lobes much broader than high, rounded; corolla glabrous without, about 2.5 cm, long, the tube shorter than the lobes, the lobes nearly linear, with broad crisped wings; stamens nearly as long as the corolla-tube, hanging through the cleft; berry oval, black, juicy, 2-seeded, 10-14 mm. long. Coastal rocks and sands, throughout the archipelago : — Bermuda ; Florida ; West Indies and Caribbean Mexico; tropical Africa. Inkberry. Black Soap. Catesby, 1 : pi. 79. Family 4. CICHORIACEAE Reichenb. Chicory Family. Herbs (two Pacific Island genera trees), almost always with milky, acrid or bitter juice, alternate or basal leaves, and yellow, rarely pink, blue, purple, or white flowers in involucrate heads (anthodia). Bracts of the involucre in 1 to several series. Receptacle of the head flat or flattish, naked, scaly (paleaceous), smooth, pitted, or honeycombed. Flowers all alike (heads homogamous), perfect. Calyx-tube completely adnate to the ovary, its limb (pappus) of scales, or simple or plumose bristles, or both, or wanting. Corolla gamopetalous, with a short or long tube, and a strap- shaped (ligulate) usually 5-toothed limb (ray). Anthers connate into a tube around the style, the sacs sagittate or auricled at the base, not tailed, usually appendaged at the summit, the simple pollen-grains usually 12- sided. Ovary 1-celled; ovule 1, anatropous; style veiy slender, 2-cleft, or 2-lobed, the lobes minutely papillose. Fruit an achene. Seed erect; endo- sperm none; radicle narrower than the cotyledons. About 70 genera and 1,500 species, of wide geographic distribution. Achenes truncate. 1. Sonchus. Achenes narrowed or bealied at the summit. 2. Lactuca. 1. SONCHUS L. Sp. PI. 793. 1753. Annual or perennial succulent herbs, with alternate, mostly auriculate- clasping, entire dentate lobed or pinnatifid, prickly-margined leaves, and large or middle-sized, peduncled, corymbose or paniculate heads of yellow flowers. Involucre ovoid or campanulate, usually becoming thickened and more or less conic at the base when old, its bracts herbaceous or membranous, imbricated in several series, the outer successively smaller. Receptacle flat, naked. Rays truncate and 5-to6thed at the apex. Anthers sagittate at the base. Style- branches slender. Achenes oval, oblong, or linear, more or less flattened, 10- 430 AMBROSIACEAE. 20-ribbed, somewhat narrowed at the base, truncate. Pappus of very copious soft white simple capillary bristles, usually falling away connected, sometimes with 1 or 2 stouter ones which fall separately. [The Greek name of the Sow- thistle.] About 45 species, of the Old World. Type species: Sonchus oleraceus L. 1. Sonchus oleraceus L. Sp. PL 794. 1753. Annual, with fibrous roots; stem leafy below, nearly simple, 3-30 dm. high. Basal and lower leaves petioled, lyrate-pinnatifid, 10-25 cm. long, the terminal segment commonly large and triangular, the margins denticulate with mucronate or scarcely spiny teeth; upper leaves pinnatifid, clasping by an auricled or sagittate base; uppermost leaves often lanceolate and entire; heads several or numerous, pale yellow, 18-30 mm. broad. Waste places and cultivated fields, Abaco, Great Bahama, the Biminis, New Providence and Eleuthera to Acklin's Island and Grand Turk : — Bermuda ; the United States to continental tropical America ; West Indies. Naturalized from Europe. Sow-Thistlb. 2. LACTUCA L. Sp. PL 795. 1753. Tall leafy herbs, with small panicled heads of yellow, white or blue flowers, and alternate leaves. Involucre cylindric, its bracts imbricated in several series, the outer shorter, or of 1 or 2 series of principal nearly equal inner bracts, and several rows of short outer ones. Receptacle flat, naked. Rays tuncate and 5-toothed at the summit. Anthers sagittate at the base. Style-branches mostly slender. Achenes oval, oblong or linear, flat, 3-5-ribbed on each face, narrowed above or contracted into a narrow beak, which is some- what expanded at the summit into a small disk bearing the copious soft capillary, white or brown pappus-bristles. [The ancient Latin name, from lac, milk, referring to the milky juice.] About 95 species, natives of the northern hemisphere. Type species: Lactuca sativa L. 1. Lactuca intybacea Jacq. Ic. Rar. 1: 16. pJ. 162. 1786. Annual, glabrous; stem terete, simple and leafy below, paniculately branched and nearly leafless above, 3-10 dm. high. Leaves thin, 0,5-2 dm. long, runcinate or irregularly lobed and toothed, the lower oblanceolate or obovate, petioled, the upper lanceolate, acuminate, sessile and clasping; heads solitary or in small clusters on the branches, distant, short-peduncled ; invo- lucre narrowly cylindric, 10-12 mm. long, its outer bracts ovate or lanceolate, broadly scarious-margined, much shorter than the linear acute inner ones; rays yellow or Avhite; achenes linear, muricate, 3 mm. long; pappus white, plumose. Waste places and cultivated ground. Eleuthera, Cat Island, Conception Island, Great Exuma, Long Island, Acklin's Island, Grand Turk. Inagua and Anguilla Isles : — Florida ; Cuba to Tortola and to Trinidad ; Jamaica ; Margarita ; Curagao ; Bonaire ; Mexico to Venezuela. Wild Lettuce. Family 5. AMBROSIACEAE Reichenb. Ragweed Family. Herbs, monoecious, or sometimes dioecious, many of them weeds, rarely shrubby, with alternate leaves, or the lower opposite, and small heads of greenish or white flow^ers subtended by an involucre of few, separate or AMBROSIACEAE. 431 united bracts, the pistillate heads sometimes larger and nut-like or bur-like. Staminate and pistillate flowers in the same, or in separate heads. Re- ceptacle chaffc'y. Pistillate flowers wdth no corolla, or this reduced to a short tube or ring; calyx adnate to the 1-celled ovary, its limb none, or a mere border; style 2-cleft. Staminate flowers with a funnelform tubular or obconic 4-5-lobed corolla; stamens mostly 5, separate, or their anthers merely connivent, not trul}^ syngenesious, with short inflexed appendages; ovary rudimentary; summit of the style often hairy or penicillate. Eight genera and about 60 species, mostly natives of America. Staminate and pistillate flowers in different heads. Bracts of staminate involucres distinct. 1. Xanthium. Bracts of staminate involucres united. 2. AmJjrosia. Staminate and pistillate flowers in the same heads. 3. Iva. 1. XANTHIUM L. Sp. PL 987. 1753. Monoecious annual branching coarse rough or spiny herbs, with alternate lobed or dentate leaves, and rather small heads of greenish discoid flowers, the staminate ones capitate-clustered at the ends of the branches, the pistillate a.xillary. Staminate heads with a short involucre of 1 to 3 series of distinct bracts; receptacle cylindric, chaffy; corollas tubular, 5-toothed; anthers not coherent, mucronate at the apex; filaments monadelphous; style slender, un- divided. Pistillate heads of an ovoid or oblong, closed involucre, covered with hooked bristles, 1-2-beaked, 2-celled, each cavity containing one obovoid or oblong achene; corolla none; pappus none; style 2-cleft, its branches exserted. [Greek, yellow, from its yielding a yellow hair-dye.] About '25 species, of wide geographic distribution. Type species: Xanthium strumarium Linn. I. Xanthium chinense Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, no. 4. 1768. Xanthium longirostre Wallr. Beitr. Bot. 1^: 237. 1844. Hispidulous, 1 m. high or less. Leaves broadly ovate-reniform in outline, slender-petioled, 8-15 cm, long and about as wide as long, acute or acuminate at the apex, rather thin, coarsely irregularly toothed and usually 3-5-lobed, scabrous on both sides, the base triangular-cuneate ; staminate heads numer- ous, about 5 mm. in diameter; fruit oblong, its body 2 cm. long or less, 5.5-8 mm. thick, hispidulous and glandular or sometimes glabrous; bristles rather slender, 3-4.5 mm, long, hispidulous toward the base; beaks stout, 4-6 mm. long, somewhat incurved. Waste places in New Providence : — Bermuda ; Cuba to Tortola and Martinique : Jamaica ; United States and Central America. Reported by Dolley and by Hitchcock as X. strumarium L. West Indian Cocklebur. 2. AMBROSIA L. Sp. PI. 987. 1753. Monoecious (rarely dioecious) branching herbs, with alternate or opposite, mostly lobed or divided leaves, and small heads of green flowers, the staminate spicate or racemose, the pistillate solitary or clustered in the upper axils. Involucre of the pistillate heads globose, ovoid or top-shaped, closed, 1-flow- ered, usually armed with 4-8 tubercles or spines; coroUa none; stamens none; style-branches filiform ; achenes ovoid or obovoid ; pappus none. Involucre of the staminate heads mostly hemispheric or saucer-shaped, 5-12-lobed, open, many-flowered; receptacle nearly flat, naked, or with filiform chaff; corolla 432 AMBEOSIACEAE. funnelform, 5-toothed; anthers scarcely coherent, mucronate-tii^ped; style un- divided, penicillate at the summit. [The ancient classical name.] About 15 species, mostly natives of America. Type species: Ambrosia maritima L. Annual ; erect ; pubescent or puberulent. 1. A. paniculata. Perennial ; repent ; hirsute or hispid. 2. A. hispida. 1. Ambrosia paniculata Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 183. 1803. Annual, pubescent or puberulent, paniculately branched^ 3-12 dm, high. Leaves thin, 1-2-pinnatifid, petioled, 5-8 em. long, the upper alternate, the lower mostly opposite, pale or cauescent beneath, the lobes oblong or lanceo- late, obtuse or acute; racemes of sterile heads numerous, 2-12 cm. long, the involucres hemispheric^ about 3 mm. broad, crenate; fertile heads few, obovoid or subglobose, 2-3 mm. long, short-beaked, pubescent. Waste places at Nassau, New Providence : — Florida ; Cuba ; Hlspaniola ; Jamaica ; continental tropical America. Referred by Dollej' and by Hitchcock to A. artemisiae- folia L, Southern Ragweed. 2. Ambrosia hispida Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 743. 1814. Ambrosia crithmifolia DC. Prodr. 5: 525. 1836. Perennial, hirsute or hispid; stems branched at the base, the branches diffusely spreading or ascending, 2-8 dm. long, leafy. Leaves opposite, 2-3- pinnately divided, rather firm in texture, 4-12 cm. long, short-petioled ; racemes of sterile heads elongated, mostly solitary, the involucres spiny-pubescent; fertile heads clustered, 2.5-3 mm. long, short-beaked, usually tubercled. Sea-beaches, throughout the archipelago : — Florida : Cuba ; Hispaniola ; Porto Rico ; Virgin Gorda to Barbadoes ; Mexico. Sweet-bay. Bay Geranium. Bay Tansy. 3. iVA L. Sp. PI. 988. 1753. Puberulent or scabrous herbs or shrubs, with thick opposite leaves, or the upper alternate, and small nodding, axillary and solitary, spicate racemose or paniculate heads of greenish flowers. Involucre hemispheric or cup-shaped, its bracts few, rounded. Eeceptacle chaffy, the linear or spatulate chaff envelop- ing the flowers. Marginal flowers 1-6, pistillate, fertile, their corollas short, tubular or none. Disk-flowers perfect, sterile^ their corollas fuunelform, 5- lobed, their styles undivided, dilated at the apex. Anthers entire at the base, yellow, scarcely coherent with each other, tipped with mucronate appendages. Achenes compressed, obovoid, glabrous. Pappus none. [Named after Ajuga Iva, from its similar odor.] About 12 species, natives of America. Type species: Iva annua L. Involucres about 5 mm. broad ; plant glabroug ; leaves mostly alternate. 1. /. imhricata. Involucres 3-4 mm. broad ; plant pubescent ; leaves opposite. 2. /. cheiranthifoUa. 1. Iva imbricata Walt. Fl. Car. 232. 1788. Perennial by woody roots, glabrous or nearly so throughout, fleshy; stem 3-6 dm. high, simple, or sparingly branched. Leaves all but the lowest alter- nate, sessile, oblong-spatulate, or lanceolate, obtusish, mucronulate, entire, or rarely serrate, obscurely 3-nerved, the larger 3-5 cm. long, 6-10 mm. wide; heads short peduncled or nearly sessile, the upper ones longer than their sub- tending leaves; involucre broadly campanulate, about 5 mm. broad, its bracts 6-9, somewhat imbricated in 2 series; fertile flowers 2-4, their corollas tubular, the staminate ones much more numerous. Sea-strands. Great Bahama. Great Harbor Cay, Andros. New Providence and Inagua : — Virginia to Florida and Louisiana ; Cays of northern Cuba. Beach Iva. CARDUACEAE. 433 2. Iva cheiranthifolia H.B.K. Nov. Gen. 4: 276. 1820. A much-branehed shrub^ 1-2 m. Mgh, the slender twigs, the leaves and the involucres densely and finely pubescent. Leaves opposite, narrowly oblong to oblong-lanceolate or the lower obovate^ 3-9 cm. long, obtuse or acute at the apex, narrowed at the base, 3-nervedj the petioles 3-15 mm. long^ the upper ones much smaller; peduncles shorter than the involucres; heads nodding, numerous; involucre 3-4 mm. broad, its bracts 3-5, nearly orbicular; fertile flowers 3-5; staminate flowers 5-8. Waste places and scrub-lands. Great Bahama, the Berry Islands, the Biminis, Andres, New Providence and Eleuthera to Long Island : — Cuba. Bush Iva. Family 6. CARDUACEAE Neck. Thistle Family. Herbs, rarely shrubs (some tropical forms trees), with watery or res- inous (rarely milky) sap, and opposite alternate or basal estipulate leaves. Flowers perfect, pistillate, or neutral, or sometimes monoecious or dioecious, borne on a common receptacle, forming heads, subtended by an involucre of few to many bracts arranged in one or more series. Receptacle naked, or with chaffy scales subtending the flowers, smooth, or variously pitted or honeycombed. Calyx-tube completely adnata to the ovary, the limb (pappus) of bristles, awns, teeth, scales, or crown- like, or cup-like, or wanting. Corolla tubular, usually 5-lobed or 5-cleft, the lobes vah'ate, or that of the marginal flowers of the head expanded into a ligule (ray) ; when the ray-flowers are absent the head is said to be discoid ; when present, radiate ; the tubular, flowers form the disk. Stamens usually 5, borne on the corolla and alternate with its lobes, their anthers united into a tube (syngenesious), often appendaged at the apex, some- times sagittate or tailed at the base; pollen-grains globose, often rough or prickly. Ovary 1-celled; ovule 1, anatropous; style of fertile flowers 2- clef t ; stigmas marginal ; style of sterile flowers commonly undivided. Fmit an achene. Seed erect; endosperm none; embryo straight; hypocotyl in- ferior. About 800 genera and not less than 10,000 species, of wide geo- graphic distribution. Perfect flowers with regular corollas. Stigmatic lines at the base of the stigma or below the middle. Stigmas filiform or subulate, hispidulous. Stigmas more or less clavate, papillose-puberu- lent. Stigmatic lines extending to the tip of the stigma or to the appendages. Anthers without elongated appendages at the tip. Anther-sacs tailed at the base. Anther-sacs not tailed at the base. Receptacle naked. Bracts of the involucre well imbricated. Stigmas of the perfect flowers with terminal appendages. Stigmas of the perfect flowers with truncate, hairy or papillose tips. Bracts of the involucre little if at all imbricated except when the broad outer overlap the inner. Receptacle chaffy : bracts of the involucre herbaceous, sometimes foliaceous. Anthers with elongated, cartilaginous, mostly connate appendages. Perfect flowers, or all, with bilabiate corollas. Tribe I. Vernoxieae. Tribe II. Eupatorieab. Tribe IV. Inuleae. Tribe III. Astere.4e. Tribe VI. Helenieae. Tribe VII. Sexecioneae. Tribe V. Heliantheab. Tribe VIII. Cynareae. Tribe IX. Mutisieae. 434 CARDUACEAE. Tribe I. Veexonieae. Pappus of 2 series ; bracts of involucre usually not appendaged. 1. Vernonia. Tribe II. Eupatoeieae. Pappus of scales. Pappus of capillary bristles. Involucre of more than 4 bracts, 5— many-flowered. Involucre of 4 (rarely more) bracts, 4-flowered. 2. Ageratum. Eupatorium. Mikania. Tribe III. Asteeeae. Ray-florets present ; plants not dioecious. Ray-florets ligular. Ligules yellow : pappus copious, ray-achenes flattened. 5. Chrysopsis. Ligules white or colored (not yellow). Involucral bracts in 3-5 series. Ligules long and narrow ; bracts mainly herba- ceous. 6. Aster. Ligules short and broad : bracts not herbaceous. 7. Gundlachla. Involucral bracts in 1-2 series. Ligules longer than the diameter of the disk. 8. Erigeron. Ligules shorter than the diameter of the disk. 9. Leptilon. Ray-florets tubular; pappus 2-serial. 10. Eschenhachia. Ray-florets wanting; plants dioecious. 11. Baccharis. Tribe IV. Ixuleae. Bracts broad ; plants leafy throughout. Bracts narrow ; plants leafy only at the base. 12. Plnchea. 13, Sachsia. Tribe V. Heliantheae. Disk-florets perfect but not fruit-producing. Achenes not flattened. Fruit unarmed ; achenes quadrangular. Fruit armed with hooked prickles. Achenes markedly flattened. Disk-florets fruit-producing. Ray-florets persistent on the achenes. Ray-florets not persistent on the achenes or wanting. Pappus a mere crown or cap, or of few teeth, awns or bristles. Achenes not compressed. Chaff of the receptacle mere awns or bristles. Chaff of the receptacle concave or clasping. Pappus of slender caducous awns. Pappus wanting. Achenes sharp-edged, 4-6-angled. Achenes of the disk neither sharp-edged, margined nor winged. Achenes acutely 4-angled. Achenes indistinctly 4-angled. Achenes of the disk broadly white-winged. Achenes markedly flattened parallel with the invo- lucral bracts. Involucre single. Involucre double. Pappus of 2 short comuate awns. Pappus of 2-4 long barbed awns. Pappus of numerous plumose ciliate scales. 14. Tetranthus. 15. Acanthospermum. 16. Parthenium. 17. Crassina. 18. Verhesina. 10. Melanthera. 20. Isocarpha. 21. Borrichia. 22. Wedelia. 23. Ximenesia. 24. Synedrella. 25. Salmea, 26. Bidens. 27. Tridax. Tribe VI. Helexieae. glands ; bracts of the involucre Plant-tissues without oil united below. Plant-tissues with oil glands ; bracts separate. Involucral bracts 2-seriate ; pappus a crown. Involucral bracts 1-seriate. Pappus of copious capillary bristles. Pappus of a few sharp awns. 28. Flaveria. 29. Neotht/mopsis. 30. Porophyllum. 31. Pedis. Tribe VII. Senecioneae. Bracts of the involucre markedly overlapping. Bracts of the involucre slightly if at all overlapping. Achenes elongated, sharply 5-ribbed. Achenes short, pilose-striate. 32. Neurolaena. 33. Emilia. 34. Erechthites. CARDUACEAE. 435 Tribe VIII. Cynareab. Bracts of the involucre spined at the apex ; leaves prickly. 35. Cirsium. Tribe IX. Mutisieae. Heads homogamous ; achenes conic, pubescent; leafy shrubs. 36. Anastraphia. Heads heterogamous ; achenes 5-ribbed, rostrate ; herbs. 37. Chaptalia. 1. VERNONIA Schreb. Gen. PI. 2: 541. 1791. Erect branching perennial herbs, or some tropical species shrubby, with alternate (rarely opposite), entire or toothed, sessile or petioled leaves, and discoid cymose-paniculate heads of purple, pink, or white tubular flowers. In- volucre hemispheric, campanulate or oblong-cylindric, its bracts imbricated in several or many series. Receptacle flat, naked. Corolla regular, 5-cleft. Anthers sagittate at the base, not caudate. Style-branches subulate, his- pidulous their whole length. Achenes 8-10-ribbed, truncate. Pappus in 2 series, the inner of numerous roughened capillary bristles, the outer of much shorter small scales or stout bristles. [oSTamed after William Vernon, English botanist.] Over 500 species, of wide distribution in warm-temperate regions, most abundant in South America. Type species: Vernonia novehoracensis (L.) Willd. Shrubs or perennial herbs. Heads scorpioid, solitary in the axils of the upper leaves ; canescent or toraentulose shrubs. Leaves broadest at or near the middle, not conspicuously attenuate at the base. 1. Y. arbuscula. Leaves broadest above the middle, attenuate at the baso. Leaves broadly obcordate. 2. V. ohcordata. Leaves spatulate to elliptic. 3. V. hahamensis. Heads cymose, long-peduncled ; plant nearly glabrous ; leaves elongated-linear; herbaceous perennial. 4. V.insularis. Annual herb ; heads in terminal cymes. 5. V. cinerea. 1. Vernonia arbuscula Less. Linnaea 6: 664. 1831. Vernonia arctata Gleason, Bull. Torr. Club 33: 185. 1906. A shrub, up to 8 dm. high, usually lower, more or less branched, the main branches nearly erect, the twigs tomentose, rather densely leafy. Leaves ellip- tic to oblong-obovate, 1-2 cm. long, acute or mucronate at the apex, narrowed or obtuse at the base, tomentose beneath, glabrate above, the petioles 3-7 mm. long; heads crowded at the ends of the twigs, several or numerous, sessile or ehort-peduncled ; involucre campanulate, 4-5 mm. long, its bracts lanceolate, tomentose; achenes 2.5 mm. long, pubescent; pappus nearly white. Pine-lands of New Providence and Andros. Endemic. Recorded as V. taha- mensis by Coker and by Mrs. Northrop. The plant was erroneously attributed to Mauritius by Lessing. (See Ekman, West Indian Yernoniae 58). Low Bushy Vernonia. 2. Vernonia obcordata Gleason, Bull. Torr. Club 33: 187. 1906. A much-branched shrub 6-9 dm. high, the branches crooked, the young twigs angled, tomentose. Leaves crowded near the ends of the twigs, broadly obcordate, 1.5 cm. long or less, about as wide as long, grey-tomentose, espe- cially beneath, narrowed into petioles about 5 mm. long; heads few, sessile among the leaves, 8-13-flowered ; involucre campanulate, 4-5 mm. long, its bracts ovate-lanceolate, tomentose, acute; achenes hirsute, about 2 mm. long; pappus yellow. Rocky scrub-lands at Moujean Harbor, Little Inagua. Endemic. Inagua Vernonia. 436 CAEDUACEAE. 3. Vemonia bahamensis Griseb. El. Br. W. I. 352. 1861. A shrub, 0.5-2 m. bigh, dicbotomously branched, the twigs and leaves pale-tomentulose. Young twigs angled; leaves spatulate to elliptic, 1.5-5 cm. long, entire, obtuse^ mucronate or retuse at the apex, narrowed into slender petioles 5-10 mm. long; heads few, sessile on the twigs among the upper leaves, 7-13-flowered; involucre campanulate, 3-4 mm. long, its bracts ovate- lanceolate, acute, tomentose, imbricated in few series; achenes hirsute, 2-2.5 mm. long; pappus nearly white, 4-5 mm. long. Scrub-lands, rocky plains and white-lands, Crooked Island,* F'ortune Island, Acklin's Island, Castle Island, Mariguana, Caicos Islands, Cotton Cay and Salt Cay, Turk's Islands and Inagua. Endemic. Bahama Verxonia. 4. Vemonia insularis Gleason, Bull. Torr. Club 33: 184. 1906. Perennial by a horizontal rootstock; stem erect, glabrous, or puberulent above, 1 m. high or less, simple or little-branched. Leaves narrowly linear- oblong, 6-10 cm. long, 8-12 mm. wide, entire, glabrous or very nearly so, acutish or obtuse and mucronate at the apex, narrowed to the sessile base; heads 4-25, cymose, the peduncles 4 cm. long or less; involucre about 5 mm. high, its bracts glabrous, acuminate, the outer lanceolate, the inner oblong; achenes 2 mm. long, striate; pappus tawny^ 6 mm. long, the outer bristles minute. Pine-lands of Great Bahama and Abaco. Endemic. Loxg-leaved Vernonia. 5. Vemonia cinerea (L.) Less. Linnaea 4: 291. 1829. Conyza cinerea L. Sp. PI. 862. 1753. Annual, simple or little-branched, erect, 3-10 dm. high, appressed-pubes- cent, leafy nearly to the base. Leaves flaccid, ovate to lanceolate, repand or entire, acute or obtuse, the lower petioled, 4-7 cm. long, the upper much smaller and sessile ; heads numerous, slender-peduncled, in terminal compound leafless cymes; involucre about 3.5 mm. high, its bracts narrowly lanceolate, sharply acuminate, pubescent, the outermost minute; flowers purple; achenes pubescent; pappus white. Waste and cultivated grounds, New Providence and North Caicos : — Florida, West Indies and continental tropical America ; Old World tropics. Herbaceous Verxonia. 2. AGERATUM L. Sp. PI. 839. 1753. Annual or perennial herbs, or shrubs, with mostly toothed leaves, the small heads in terminal corymbs or cymes, the flowers all tubular. Involucre eampanulate or subhemispheric, its narrow bracts nearly equal, imbricated in 2 or 3 series, sometimes with 1--3 smaller outer ones. Eeceptacle flat to conic. Corolla 5-toothed, white, blue, violet or purple. Anthers linear to oblong. Achenes 5-angled. Pappus of awned or awnless scales, distinct or connate. [Greek name of some similar plant.] About 25 species, mostly of tropical distribution. Type species: Ageratiim conyzoides L. 1. Ageratum latifolium Cav. Icon. 4: 33. pZ 357. 1797. Ageratum muticum Griseb. El. Br. W. I. 356. 1861. Loosely villous or pubescent, erect or ascending, annual, simple or branched, 1-6 dm. high. Leaves ovate, membranous, 2-5 em. long, crenate-dentate, * Hitchcock's reference to the species on Cat Island is, apparently, an error, his label reads " Crooked Island." CARDUACEAE. 437 acute or obtuse at the apex^ mostly rounded or obtuse at the base, the slender petioles 5-15 mm. long; heads several in the corymb; peduncles 5-10 mm, long; involucre about 4 mm. high, its bracts oblong-lanceolate, acute; flowers violet or white ; pappus scales lanceolate, ciliolate, awnless or some of them bristle- tipped, about one-third as long as the achene. Waste places and cultivated fields, Abaco, Great Bahama and Andros to Acklin's Island, Caicos and Turk's Islands and Ina^ua : — Cuba ; Jamaica ; Hispanionla ; continental tropical America. Specimens from New Providence and Harbour Island, referred by Dr. B. L. Robinson (Proc. Am. Acad. 49 : 463) to Ageratum conuzoides inaequipalcacciim Hieron., do not appear to be specifically distinct from A. latifoUiim. Recorded by Schoepf, DoUey, Hitchcock and Mrs. Northrop as A. conyzoides L., which it closely resembles. Wild Ageratum. Goat-bush. 3. EUPATORIUM [Tourn.] L. Sp. PI. 836. 1753. Erect herbs or shrubs, with opposite or verticillate, or sometimes alter- nate, often punctate leaves, andj in most species, cymose-corymbose discoid heads of white, blue or purple flowers. Involucre oblongs ovoid, campanulate, or hemispheric, the bracts imbricated in 2-several series. Receptacle naked. Corolla regular, its tube slender, its limb 5-lobed or 5-toothed. Anthers obtuse and entire at the base, appendiculate at the apex. Style-branches elongated, flattened, or thickened above, stigmatic at the base. Achenes 5-angled, trun- cate. Pappus of numerous capillary, usually scabrous bristles arranged in 1 row. [ISTamed for Mithridates Eupator. i. e., of a noble father.] Over 500 species, mostly of warm or tropical regions. Type siiyeciesiEupatorium canna- iinum L. Leaves dissected into filiform segments. Heads not secund ; plants copiously pubescent. Heads secund : plants essentially glabrous. Leaves entire or dentate. Scales of the campanulate involucre in 1-3-series. Plants glabrous. Plants finely pubescent. Scales of the cylindric involucre imbricated in several sieries. Scales without densely pubescent tips ; leaves entire, serrate, or crenulate. Leaves acute or acuminate, serrate. Leaves rounded or obtuse, entire or crenulate. Involucre 2—2.5 mm. thick ; scales narrow, 3- striate. Involucre 3-4 mm. thick ; scales broad. 5-striate. Scales with densely pubescent tips ; leaves coarsely crenate. 1. Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam.) Small, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 311. 1S94. Artemisia capillifolia Lam. Encyc. 1: 267. 1783. Eupatorium foeniculaceum Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1750. 1804. Erect, paniculately much branched, with the aspect of an Artemisia, the stem finely pubescent, 1-3 m. high. Leaves crowded, dissected into filiform segments, alternate, the lower petioled, the upper sessile; heads very numerous, about 3 mm. high, short-peduncled, racemose-paniculate, 3-6-flowered; bracts of the involucre in about 2 series, linear, cuspidate, narrowly scarious-margined, glabrous; flowers greenish vrhite. Moist places, in coppices and scrub-lands. Great Bahama, Abaco. North Cat Cay. Andros, New Providence, Great Guana Cay, Eleuthera. Cat Island, Watling's Island and Fortune Island : — Bermuda ; southern United States : Cuba. Dog-fexnel. 2. Eupatorium leptophyllum DC. Prodr. 5: 176. 1836. Erect, usually much branched above, 4-15 dm. high, similar to the preced- ing species, but glabrous. Leaves numerous, mostly alternate, dissected into 1. 2 E. E. capillifolium. leptophyllum. 3. 4. E. E. havanense. villosiim. 5. E. odoratum. 6. 7. E. E. hahamense. lucayanum. 8. E. corymhosum. 438 CARDUACEAE. filiform segments; heads mimerous, 3.5-4.5 mm. high, short-peduncled, in terminal secund racemes 2-10 cm. long; bracts of the involucre in about 2 series, linear, cuspidate or aristate; flowers nearly white. Border of marsh at Adelaide, New Providence : — South Carolina ; Florida ; Cuba. Smooth Dog-fenxel. 3. Eupatorium havanense H.B.K. Nov. Gen. 4: 128. 1820. Eupatorium ageratifolium DC. Prodr. 5: 173. 1836. iShrubbj, branched, glabrous or nearly so, the branches spreading. Leaves opposite, ovate to ovate-lanceolate or deltoid-ovate, 2-8 cm. long, acute or ob- tuse, coarsely dentate or crenate-dentate, obtuse to subcordate at the base, petioled; heads commonly numerous; involucre 10-30-flowered, 4-5 mm. high; its bracts linear to linear-spatulate ; flowers white; achenes 2-3 mm. long. Coppices, pine-lands and scrub-lands, Abaco. Great Bahama, Andros. New Providence, Eleuthera : — Cuba ; Texas and Mexico. Cat-tongdb. Havana Thorough- WOET. 4. Eupatorium villosum Sw. Prodr. 111. 1788. A branching shrub, 2 m. high or less, the leaves and branches tomentulose. Leaves opposite, petioled, ovate, 1.5-7 cm. long, obtuse, repand-dentate or entire; heads small, usually numerous; involucre about 3 mm. high, 8-15- flowered, its liracts oblong or linear-oblong, obtuse; flowers white or purplish; achenes 1.5-2 mm. long. Scrub-lands, coppices and pine-lands, Abaco, Great Bahama and Andros to Crooked Island and Atwood Cay : — Florida ; Cuba ; Jamaica and the Cayman Islands. Velvety Thoroughwobt. Jackmada. 5. Eupatorium odoratum L. Syst. ed. 10, 1205. 1759. Eupatorium conyzoides Vahl, Symb. 3: 96 1794. Shrubby, much branched, more or less pubescent, erect, or in thickets half- climbing, 1-3 m. high. Leaves thin, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 5-15 cm. long, 3 -nerved, dentate, often with large acute teeth, acuminate at the apex, usually cuneate at the base, the slender petioles 1-4 cm. long; heads in terminal corymbs 5-10 cm. broad, cylindric, 8-12 mm. long; involucre-bracts imbricated in about 4 series, striate-nerved, glabrous or nearly so, shining, all obtuse, or the inner acute or acutish; flowers 10-20, white to blue; achenes rough-angled. Rocky plains and scrub-lands from Andros, New Providence and Eleuthera southward to Cay Sal islets and the Caicos group : — southern United States ; West Indies and continental tropical America. Recorded from Bermuda. Bushy Tropical Thoroughwort. Tonka-bean. Bitter-bush. Erroneously called Vanilla. 6. Eupatorium bahamense Northrop, Mem. Torr. Club 12: 70. 1902. Shrubby, branched, 1-1.6 m. high, the twigs puberulent. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, rather firm in texture, punctate, glabrous or sparingly puberulent, 2-7 cm. long, obtuse at the apex, cuneate to subtruncate at the base, entire or sparingly crenate, 3-nerved, the petioles 2 cm. long or less; corymbs dense, 2-5 cm. broad, the heads sessile or short-peduncled; involucre cylindric, 8-10 m m. high, 2-2.5 mm. thick, its scales imbricated in 4 or 5 series, oblong to la'nceolate, obtuse, 3-nerved; flowers pale blue or lavender; achenes 3-4 mm. long, 3-5-angled, tapering to the base. Sand-dunes, coppices and scrub-lands. Little Harbor Cay of the Berry Islands, Andros. New Providence, Eleuthera and Great Guana Cay of the Exuma Chain. Endemic. Recorded by Dolley and by Eaton and Setchell as E. integrifoUum Bert. Bahama Thoroughwort. CARDUACEAE. 439 7. Eupatorium lucayanum Britton, sp. nov. A much-branched shrub, 4-6 dm. high, the young branches finely puberulent. Leaves ovate, short-petioled, 4 cm. long or less^ obtuse or rounded at the apex, obtuse or subtruncate at the base, entire-margined, puberulent, at least on the veins beneath, copiously punctate, somewhat fleshy, 3-nerved, the puberu- lent petioles 3-7 mm. long; corjTnbs dense, 3-6 cm. broad, the heads sessile on their branches; involucre obiong-cylindric, 7-9 mm. high, 3-4 mm. thick, its scales in 5 or 6 series, suborbicular to oblong, obtuse, puberulent, strongly 5-striate ; floAvers lilac or pale purple ; achenes narrowly obpyramidal, about 4 mm. long. Rocky soil and coastal rocks, Abaco, Frozen Cay, Berry Islands, Acklin's Island, Crooked Island, Mariguana and East Caicos. Type from Mariguana {Wilson, 7^25). Recorded by Dolley and by Hitchcock as Eupatorium repandum ^Yilld. 8. Eupatorium corymbosum Aubl. PI. Guian. 2: 799. 1775. Eupatorium atripUci folium Lam. Encycl. 2: 407. 1788. Eupatorium repandum Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1767. 1804. A shrub about 6 dm. high, the young shoots, petioles and branches of the inflorescence densely puberulent. Leaves firm in texture, slightly fleshy, 4.5 cm. long or less, the blades reniform-cordate to suborbicular, rounded at the apex, mostly about as wide as long, coarsely crenate, glabrous or nearly so above, puberulent and pitted beneath with the midvein rather prominent, the lateral veins few; corymbs several, dense, 3-4 cm. broad, the heads sessile on the short branches; involucre cylindric with a somewhat narrowed base, 6-7 mm. high, 1.5-2 mm. thick; scales in four series, oblong to linear-oblong, strongly striate-nerved, obtuse, their tips pubescent; flowers light purple; achenes obpyramidal, 3-3.5 mm. long; pappus brownish. Sand-dunes, Clarence Town and Water Cay, Long Island : — Porto Rico to Tor- tola ; Virgin Gorda ; St. Croix ; Martinique ; northern South America. 4. MIKANIA Willd. Sp. PL 3: 1742. 1804.' Herbaceous twining vines, or some tropical species shrubs, with opposite, petioled leaves, and discoid, mostly cymose-paniculate heads of white or pink flowers. Heads 4-flowered. Involucre oblong, of 4 slightly unequal narrow bracts. Receptacle small, naked. Corolla regular, its tube slender, the limb cam.panulate, 5-cleft. Anthers entire and obtuse at the base. Style-branches elongated, acutish. Achenes truncate, 5-angled. Pappus of numerous capil- lary roughish bristles in 1 or 2 series. [In honor of J. G. Mikan, 1743-1814, professor at Prague.] About 150 species, natives of America. Type species: MiTcania Jiastata (L.) Willd. 1. Mikania scandens (L.) Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1743. 1804. Eupatorium scandens L. Sp. PI. 836. 1753. Mikania hatatifolia DC. Prodr. 5: 197. 1836. MiJcania orinocensis H.B.K. Nov. Gen. 4: 134. 1820. Willoughhya scandens Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 372. 1891. Willughaetja heterophylla Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 1170, 1338. 1903. A vine, glabrous or nearly so, 1.5-4.5 m. long. Leaves ovate or hastate, deeply cordate, acuminate, repand or obtusely dentate, 5-10 cm. long, 2-5 cm. wide; petioles slender, shorter than the blades; heads in compound clusters 440 CARDUACEAE. borne at the ends of the branches ; involucre about 6 mm. long, its bracts lance- olate, acuminate or apiculate; flowers white or pink; achenes resinous. Marshes. Gi'eat Bahama, Andros, and New Providence : — eastern continental North America ; \Yest Indies ; continental America south to Argentina. Climbing Hempweed. "5. CHRYSOPSIS Nutt.; Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2: 333. 1824. Perennial herbs, with alternate sessile entire leaves, or the basal ones dentate, and large many-flowered heads of both tubular and radiate yellow flowers (rays wanting in some western species)^ loosely corymbose, or solitary at the ends of the branches. Involucre campanulate to hemispheric, its bracts narrow, imbricated in several series, the outer shorter. Receptacle usually flat, foveolate. Ray-flowers pistillate. Disk-flowers mostly all perfect. Pappus double in both the disk- and ray-flowers, the inner of numerous rough capillary bristles, the outer of smaller or minute scales or bristles. Achenes flattened, oblong-linear or obovate. .Style-branches narrow, somewhat flattened, their appendages linear or subulate. [Greek, golden aspect.] About 20 species, of North America and Mexico. Type species: I^iula gossypina Michx. 1. Chrysopsis graminifolia (Michx.) Ell. loc. cit. 334. 1824. Inula graminifolia Michx. El. Bor. Am. 2: 122. 1803. Slender, corymbosely branched above. Leaves 3-5-nerved, shining, the basal ones 7-30 cm. long, 4-10 mm. wide, the upper much smaller, and the uppermost subulate and erect; heads several or numerous, about 1 cm. broad, solitary at the ends of the branches; involucre campanulate, its bracts glabrate; achenes linear-fusiform. Pine-lands of Great Bahama : — southeastern United States. Grass-leaa^ed Golden Aster. 6. ASTER L. Sp. PI. 872. 1753. Perennial or rarely annual, mostly branching herbs, with alternate leaves, and corymbose or paniculate (rarely racemose or solitary) heads of both tubular and radiate flowers. Involucre hemispheric, campanulate or turbinate, its bracts various, imbricated in several series, the exterior usually smaller and shorter. Receptacle flat or convex, generally foveolate. Ray-flowers white, pink, purple, blue, or violet, pistillate. Disk-flowers tubular, perfect, their corollas 5-lobed, usually yellow and changing to red, brown, or purple. Anthers obtuse and entire at the base. Style-branches flattened, their appendages subulate, lanceolate or ovate, acute. Pappus-bristles slender, numerous, sca- brous or denticulate, usually in 1 series, sometimes in 2 series. Achenes mostly flattened and nerved. [Greek, star.] A genus of not less than 250 species, most abundant in North America. Type species: Aster Amellus L. Rootstocks tuberous. Inflorescence sub-racemose or narrowly thyrsoid ; leaves oblong. 1. .4. lucayanus. Inflorescence corymbose ; leaves, except lower, reduced to ap- pressed scales. 2. A. adnatus. Rootstocks not tuberous ; roots of thick fibres. Leaves all linear, fleshy. Involucral bracts abruptly acute. 3. A. Bracet. Involucral bracts gradually acuminate. 4. A. exilis. Leaves not fleshy ; the basal ones oblong to oblong-lanceolate. 5. A. hahamensis. CAEDUACEAE. 4dl 1. Aster lucayanus Britton, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 143. 1906. Rootstock short, tuber-like; stems erect, 5-7 dm. high. Leaves reticulate- veined, entire, sessile (basal ones not seen), the lower oblanceolatOj obtuse, those above the middle of the stem lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 2-3.5 cm. long, 5-8 mm. wide, those of the inflorescence similar, smaller; 'heads racemose or racemose-campanulate, about 2 cm. broad; peduncles slender, sericeous; involucre turbinate-campanulate, its bracts loose, narrowly oblong- lanceolate, acuminate, sericeous, the inner 5-7 mm. long; rays purple, 2 mm. wide; achenes sericeous, 3 mm. long, half as long as the whitish pappus. Pine-lands of Great Bahama. Endemic. Pine-i^vxd Aster. 2. Aster adnatus Nutt. Jour. Acad. Sci. Phila. 7: 82. 1834. Rootstock tuberous; stem 2-8 dm. high, hispidulous, branched. Leaves various, the basal ones obovate, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, those of the stem numerous, oblong to lanceolate, 3-12 mm. long, scabrous, sessile, those of the branches reduced to very small scales; heads few, terminating the branches; involucre 4-6 mm. high, its linear bracts with slightly spreading green tips; rays numerous, violet, 7-10 mm. long; achenes glabrous. Pine-lands of Great Bahama : — southeastern United States. Scale-leaved Aster. 3. Aster Bracei Britton; Small, Fl. Miami 190. 1913. Annual? Fleshy, glabrous, roots several coarse fibres; stem rather slender, often zigzag, branched above, the branches divaricately ascending; leaves all narrowly linear, thick^ entire, acute, somewhat narrowed toward the clasping base, the lower ones and those of shoots 10 cm. long or less, 3-4 mm. wide, the upper much shorter, those of the branches few, linear-subulate, very small ; heads mostly solitary at the ends of the slender branches ; involucre campanulate-cylindric, 3-4.5 mm. high ; bracts in 3 or 4 series, light green, linear to linear-lanceolate, abruptly acute or short-acuminate; rays pinkish, 4-5 mm. long; achenes 1-1.5 mm, long, rough on the angles. Brackish marshes and savannas, Abaco, Great Bahama, Andros, New Provi- dence: — Florida; Cuba. Recorded as A. tenuifoUus by Coker. Brace's Aster. 4. Aster exilis Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2: 344. 1824. Annual, glabrous, somewhat fleshy, erect, 3-12 dm. high, usually much branched, the branches slender. Stem-leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, 2-10 cm. long, entire, acute, sessile or nearly so, 2-5 mm. wide, those of the branches subulate, 2-10 mm. long, 1he basal ones oblong-lanceolate, petioled; heads usually many, loosely panicled ; involucre 5-6 mm. high, its linear-subulate, appressed bracts imbricated in 3 or 4 series ; rays several^ 2-4 mm. long, purplish or white, longer than the pappus; achenes pubescent. Wet grounds, Andros : — southeastern United States ; Cuba. Slim Aster. 5. Aster bahamensis Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 41: 14. 1914. Stout, fibrous-rooted, slightly fleshy, glabrous, 3-20 dm. high. Lower leaves and those of sterile shoots with sheathing petioles 4-7 cm. long, the blades oblong to linear-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or acute, 4-8 cm. long, 5-20 mm. wide, sparingly crenate-dentato or entire, narrowed into the petiole, the midvein prominent, the lateral veins obscure; upper stem-leaves linear, entire, 6 cm. long or less, those of the branches nearly subulate, 3-12 mm. long; heads numerous, paniculate; involucre nearly cylindric, 6-8 mm. high, its bracts linear, acuminate, about 0.7 mm. wide, green with scarious margins, or the inner merely green-tipped; rays purple, 4-5 mm. long; achenes columnar, 2.5 mm. long, the angles roughened; pappus brownish, twice as long as the achene. Moist grounds and marshes. Great Bahama, Andros, Eleuthera and Cat Island : — • Cuba. Bahama Aster. 29 442 CAEDUACEAE. 7. GUNDLACHIA A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 100. 1880. Somewhat viscid, leafy shrubs, with alternate entire, linear to oblance- olate leaves, and numerous small heads of both discoid and radiate white flowers in terminal thyrses or compound corymbs. Eay-flowers few^ pistillate; disk-flowers somewhat more numerous, perfect. Involucre obconic, its bracts coriaceous, imbricated in 4 or 5 series, the outer much shorter than the inner. Achenes nearly terete, 5-nerved. Pappus a single series of capillary bristles. [In honor of John Gundlach, 1810-1896, traveller and naturalist.] A few species, natives of the West Indies. Type species: GundlacMa domingensis (Spreng.) A. Gray. 1. GundlacMa corymbosa (Urban) Britton; Boldingh, Fl. Ned. West-Ind. 391. 1913. Gundlachia domingensis corymhosa Urban, Symb. Ant. 3: 406. 1903. Nearly glabrous, viscid above, bushy-branched, 6-12 dm. high. Leaves oblanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 3-8 cm. long, 5-20 mm. wide, fleshy, obtuse and rounded at the apex, or emarginate or mucronulate, narrowed at the base, short-petioled, the midvein rather prominent, the lateral veins few and obscure; corymbs dense, convex^ 3-10 cm. broad; heads short-peduncled; involucre about 5 mm. high, its bracts acute or acutish, the outer ovate, the inner linear- lanceolate; rays spreading, 4-5 mm. long. Sand-dunes, scrub-lands, pine-lands and borders of saline marshes. Andros, Eleu- thera to Acklin's. Grand Turk and Inagua : — Porto Rico : Anegada ; Saba : Barbuda ; Desirade : Montserrat ; Curagao ; Aruba. Hoese-bush. Broom-bush. Soldier's-bush. 8. ERIGERON L. Sp. PI. 863. 1753. Branching or scapose herbs, with alternate or basal leaves, and corymbose, paniculate or solitary, peduneled heads, of both tubular and radiate (rarely all tubular) flowers. Involucre hemispheric or campanulate, its bracts narrow, nearly equal, imbricated in but 1 or 2 series in most species. E-eceptacle nearly flat, usually naked. Eay-flowers usually numerous, white, violet or purple, pistillate. Disk-flowers yellow, tubular, perfQct, their corollas mostly 5-lobed. Anthers obtuse and entire at the base. Style-branches more or less flattened, their appendages short, mostly rounded or obtuse. Achenes flattened, usually 2-nerved. Pappus-bristles fragile, slender, scabrous or denticulate, in 1 series, or often an additional outer shorter series. [Greek, early-old, alluding to the early hoary pappus.] A genus of some 130 species, of wide distribution. Type species: Erigeron acre L. 1. Erigeron quercifolium Lam. Tabl. Encyc. 3: 258. 1823. Perennial, pubescent; stems 1-7 dm. high, commonly branched above, erect, slender. Basal and lower leaves spatulate, oblanceolate or oblong, 4-12 cm. long, sinuate-pinnatifid, narrowed into margined petioles, the upper ob- lanceolate to lanceolate, distant, smaller, mostly sessile; heads rather few; involucre about 3 mm. high, its bracts linear, acute or acuminate; rays many, white or purplish, 3-4 mm. long. Moist grounds, Abaco, Great Bahama, Andros, New Providence, Eleuthera : — Florida. Referred to E. tenuis T. & G. by Dolley. Southern Fleabane. CARDUACEAE. 443 9. LEPTILON Raf. Am. Month. Mag. 2: 268. 1818. Annual or biennial herbs, with small racemose, thyrsoid or panicled heads of white flowers, the rays small, usually shorter than the diameter of the disk or none. Involucre mostly campanulate, its narrow bracts in 2 or 3 series. Receptacle naked. Ray-flowers pistillate; disk-flowers perfect, their corollas usually 4-lobed or 4-toothed, the anthers obtuse at the base; style-branches somewhat flattened, their appendages short. Achenes flattened. Pappus of numerous simple fragile bristles in 1 series. [Greek, referring to the small heads.] About 20 species, natives of America and As-ia. Type species: Erigeron divaricatum Michx. Bracts of the involucre very pubescent ; plant hirsute. 1. L. linifolium. Plant glabrous or nearly so throughout. 2. L. pusillum. 1. Leptiion linifdlium (Willd.) Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 1231, 1340. 1903. Erigeron linifolius Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1955. 1804. Hirsute; stem slender, branched or simple, 7 dm. high or less. Leaves linear or linear-spatulate, 1.5-10 cm. long, the upper entire, sessile, the lower mostly incised-serrate, and petioled; heads paniculate or subracemose, several or num erous ; involucre about 5 mm. high, its bracts linear, acuminate, pilose; achenes glabrous; pappus tawny, about 3 times as long as the achene. Waste grounds, New Providence at Nassau : — Bermuda ; southeastern United States ; Cuba ; Old World tropics and subtropics. Hairy Horseweed. 2. Leptiion pusillum (Nutt.) Britton, Torreya 14: 198. 1914. Erigeron pusilliis Nutt. Gen. 2: 148. 1818. Stem glabrate, 7-30 dm. high, the larger plants paniculately much branched. Leaves usually ciliate, the basal and lower spatulate, petioled, mostly entire, 2-10 cm. long, obtuse or acutish, those of the stem linear and mainly entire; heads few or numerous, about 4 mm. broad; involucre, 2-3 mm. high, its bracts linear, acute, glabrate, often purplish-tipped; rays numerous, white, shorter than the pappus and mostly shorter than their tubes. Pine-lands, cultivated grounds, sandy soil and scrub-lands, Great Bahama, Abaco and Andros to Watling's Island, NoTth Caicos and Inagua : — Bermuda : conti- nental eastern North America ; West Indies. Formerly included in Erigeron cana- densis L,, and thus recorded by previous authors. Smooth Horseweed. 10. ESCHENBACHIA Moench, Meth. 573. 1794. Herbs, with alternate leaves, and mostly corymbose or panicled heads of tubular flowers. Involucre campanulate, several-many-flowered, its narrow bracts imbricated in 2-several series, the outermost usually much smaller than the others. Receptacle convex or flat, mostly naked. Marginal flowers pistil- late with narrow or filiform, 2-3-toothed corollas; disk-flowers tubular, perfect, 5-toothed. Anthers obtuse at the base. Achenes flattened, their sides nerve- less or 1-nerved. Pappus of 1 or 2 series of bristles. [Commemorates J. F. Eschenbach, German botanist] Perhaps 50 species, of tropical and warm- temperate regions. Type species: Erigeron aegyptiacum L. 444 CARDUACEAE. 1. Eschenbachia lyrata (H.B.K.) Britton & Millspaugh. Conysa lyrata H.B.K. Nov. Gen. 4: 70. 1820. Perennial, erect, branched, viscid-pubescent, 4-9 dm. higb, the branches ascending. Basal and lower leaves obovate^ coarsely dentate, 4-8 cm. long, obtuse, narrowed into margined petioles; upper leaves much smaller than the lower, oblong to obovate, dentate or lyrate, sessile or nearly so; heads few or solitary at the ends of the branches, slender-peduncled ; involucre campanulate, about 8 mm. high, its bracts linear, acuminate. Waste grounds, Long Island, at Clarence Town ; Great Exuma, near George- town : — Cuba ; Mexico to Colombia. Sticky-weed. 11. BACCHARIS L. Sp. PI. 860. 1753. Dioecious shrubs, with alternate leaves, and small^ paniculate or corymbose heads of tubular flowers. Involucre campanulate or oblong, its many bracts imbricated in several series, the outer shorter. Receptacle flat, naked, com- monly foveolate. Corolla of the pistillate flowers slender, that of the staminate tubular, 5-lobed. Anthers obtuse and entire at the base. Style-branches nar- row or subulate, those of the fertile flowers smooth, exserted, those of the sterile flowers rudimentary, tipped with an ovate pubescent appendage. Achenes more or less compressed, ribbed. Pappus of the fertile flowers copious, capillary, that of the sterile flowers short. [Named for Bacchus; originally applied to some different shrubs.] About 300 species, all American, most abundant in South America. Type species: Baecharis ivi folia L. Leaves linear to narrowly oblanceolate, the lower often dentate. 1. B. angusiifoUa. Leaves obovate to elliptic or oblanceolate. At least the lower leaves dentate. 2. B. haUmifolia. Leaves all entire. 3. B. dioica. 1. Baecharis angustifolia Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 125. 1803. A branching shrub, 2.5 m. high or less, the foliage resinous. Leaves mostly linear, sessile, 1-8 cm. long, entire, or the lower denticulate; heads numerous, glomerate in peduncled clusters, or solitary ; involucre of the staminate heads campanulate, about 2.5 mm. high, that of the pistillate ones oblong, 4-5 mm. high, its bracts ovate to lanceolate, obtuse or acutish; achenes about 1 mm. long; pappus white, twice as long as the involucre. Borders of marshes, Abaco, Great Bahama, Andros, New Providence : — south- eastern United States. NAEitow-LEAVED Groundsel-bush. 2. Baecharis halimifdlia L. Sp. PI. 860. 1753. A branching glabrous r.hrub, 1-3 dm. high,, the branchlets angled, some- times minutely scurfy. Leaves thick, those of the stem and larger branches 2-7 cm. long, 1-5 cm. wide, those of the branchlets oblanceolate, short-petioled or sessile, entire, or few-toothed toward the apex; heads in terminal peduncled clusters of 1-5, those of the sterile plant nearly globose when young, the bracts of the involucre oblong-ovate, obtuse, glutinous, appressed, the inner ones of the pistillate heads lanceolate, acute or acutish; pappus bright white, 6-8 mm. long, much exceeding the involucre. Borders of marches. Great Bahama. Andros, New Providence : — Coast of the eastern and southeastern United States. The Andros specimen (Brace 5203) may rep- resent the variety angustior DC, abundant in Cuba. Grouxdsel-bush. CARDUACEAE. 445 3. Baccharis dioica Vahl, Symb. 3: 98, 1794. Baccharis Valilii DC. Prodr. 5: 411. 1836. GlabrouS; branched, 2 m. high or less, shrubby, somewhat glutinous, the twigs striate, densely leafy, sometimes- granular. Leaves obovate or cuncate- obovate, 2-4 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, obtuse or subtruncate and mucronulate at the apex, narrowed at the base into short petioles, the midvein rather promi- nent, the lateral venation obscure; heads clustered at the ends of the twigs: involucre 4-7 mm. high, its bracts oblong, imbricated in 4 or 5 series; pappus of the pistillate heads about as long as the corollas; achenes 10-ribbed, glabrous. Scrub-lands and coppices, Great Bahama, Abaco, Andros, New Providence, Eleuthera, Cat Island, Inagua : — Florida ; Cuba ; Hispaniola ; St. Croix ; Montserrat ; Jamaica. Vahl's Grouxdsel-bush. Broom-bush. 12. PLUCHEA Cass. Bull. Soc. Philom. 1817: 31. 1817. Pubescent or glabrous herbs, or some tropical species shrubby, with alternate dentate leaves, and small heads of tubular flowers in terminal corymbose cymes. Involucre ovoid, campanulate, or nearly hemispheric, its bracts appressed, herbaceous, imbricated in several series. Receptacle flat, naked. Outer flowers of the head pistillate, their corollas filiform, 3-cleft or dentate at the apex. Central flowers perfect, but mainly sterile, their corollas 5-cleft. Anthers sagittate at the base, the auricles caudate. Style of the perfect flowers 2-cleft or undivided. Achenes 4-5-angled. Pappus a single series of capillary scabrous bristles. [Named for the Abbe N. A. Pluche, of Paris.] About 35 species, widely distributed in warm and temperate regions. Type species: Conyza marilandica Michx. Plants shrubby. 1, P. oclorata. Plants herbaceous. Perennial ; leaves sessile. 2. P. foetida. Annual ; leaves petioled. 3. P. purpurascens. 1. Pluchea odorata (L.) Cass. Diet. Sci. Xat. 4: 3. 1826. Conyza odorata L. Syst. ed. 10, 1213. 1759. A densely and finely pubescent shrub, up to 3 m. high. Leaves oblong, entire, or undulate-serrate with small blunt teeth, 8-20 cm. long, 1.5-5 cm. wide, rather dark green, loosely pubescent, becoming nearly glabrous above, finely and densely pubescent and pale beneath, acute or acuminate at the apex, narrowed at the base, the petioles 1-4 cm. long; corymbs mostly large; peduncles and involucre densely pubescent ; involucre about 5 mm. high, its bracts ovate to lanceolate, acute to acuminate; flowers creamy pink or whitish. Rocky scrub-lands, coppices and clearings throughout the archipelago from Great Bahama and Andros to Grand Turlv and Inagua : — 'Bermuda ; Florida : West Indies; Mexico to northern South America. Bushy Flbabane. Wild Tobacco. Sour-bush. Cough-bush. 2. Pluchea foetida (L.) B.S.P. Prelim. Cat. N. Y. 28. 1888. Baccharis foetida L. Sp. PI. 861. 1753. Pluchea hifrons DC. Prod. 5: 451. 1836. Perennial ; stem simple or sparingly branched at the summit, puberulent and slightly viscid, 4-9 dm. high. Leaves oblong, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, sharply denticulate, sessile, pubescent or puberulent, 5-10 cm. long, 1-4 em. 446 CABDUACEAE. wide, reticulate-veiny; clusters of heads compact, leafy-bracted; involucre 5-6 nini. high, its bracts lanceolate, acute, viscid-puberulent. Marshy places, Great Bahama, Andros, New Providence, Eleuthera : — southeast- ern Tnited States to Texas and North Mexico ; Cuba. Perennial Maesh Fleabane. 3. Pluchea purpurascens (Sw.) DC. Prodr. 5: 452. 1836. Conyza purpurascens Sw. Prodr. 112. 1788. Herbaceous, annual ; stems rather stout, finely pubescent at least above, simple or branched^ 3-12 dm. high. Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, sparingly finely pubescent or glabrate, dentate or crenate-dentate, acute or acuminate at the apex, narrowed or obtuse at the base, 5-12 cm. long, the petioles 3 cm. long or less, the upper ones smaller, nearly sessile ; heads usually numerous ; involucre 4-5 mm. high, its bracts ovate to lanceolate, acute, pubescent; flowers pink. Bracliish swamps and borders of coppices, Great Bahama and Andros to For- tune Island and Inagua :— southeastern United States ; Bermuda ; West Indies, south to Guadeloupe ; Mexico and Central America. Reported by Mrs. Northrop as P. cam- phorata DC. to which it is closely related. Annual Marsh Fleabane. 13. SACHSIA Griseb. Cat. PI. Cub. 150. 1866. Perennial seapose herbs, with tufted basal serrate leaves and loosely corymbose or panicled small heads of tubular and radiate flowers, the rays white. Involucre campanulate, its bracts imbricated in several series, acute, rigid, the outer successively smaller. Eeceptacle naked, flat or convex, Eay- flowers fertile, with filiform 2-3-toothed corollas; disk-flowers tubular, regu- lar, fertile, or the inner sterile. Achenes compressed, 4-5-angled; pappus a single series of capillary barbed bristles. [In honor of F. G. J. von Sachs, German plant physiologist.] Four known species of Cuba, Florida and the Bahamas, Type species: SacJisia polycephaJa Griseb. 1. Sachsia bahamensis Urban, Symb. Ant. 3: 408. 1903. Scape slender, erect, villous at the base, rough-glandular above, bearing 2-5 very small and distant leaves. Basal leaves several, spatulate to oblong- obovate, firm in texture, 7 cm. long or less, obtuse at the apex, narrowed at the base into short petioles, repand-dentate, minutely glandular and sparingly pubescent beneath; inflorescence loosely corymbose-paniculate; peduncles slen- der, mostly longer than the heads; involucre about 7 mm. high, its bracts in about 6 series, the outer ovate to lanceolate, densely glandular, the inner nar- rowly linear; outer flowers in several series, their filiform corollas 3 -toothed; achenes linear, striate, about 2 mm. long; short-pilose; pappus yellowish-white, about 4 mm. long. Pine-lands and savannas of Great Bahama, Andros and New Providence : — Florida. Bahama Sachsia. 14. TETRANTHUS Sw. Prodr. 116. 1788. Small prostrate herbs, with opposite petioled leaves, and very small discoid heads solitary and peduncled in the axils, usually 4-flowered, with 2 flowers fertile and 2 sterile. Bracts of the involucre 4, sometimes with 4 minute ex- terior ones. Receptacle naked. Corolla tubular with a somewhat campanulate 5-lobed limb. Anthers obtuse. Achenes oblong, angled or striate; pappus short, crown-like. [Greek, four-flowered.] Four known species, natives of the West Indies. Type species: Tetrantlius Uttoralis Sw. CAEDUACEAE. 447 1. Tetranthus bahamensis Britton, Bull. X. Y. Bot. Gard. 5: 318. 1907. Stems smooth, slender, creeping, 3-6 cm. long. Leaves ovate, about 4 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, obtuse at tlie apex, rounded or subcordate at the base, glabrous on both sides, the veins very obscure, the petioles about 3 mm. long, sparingly pilose; heads solitary, 4-flowered, on sparingly pilose peduncles, about 1 cm. long; involucre bracts 4, obovate, about 1.5 mm. long, and 1 mm. wide, 3-nerved, sparingly pilose without and slightly ciliate; corolla about 1 mm. long, glabrous, the lobes slightly shorter than the tube; anthers large, apiculate; style glabrous, 0.5 mm. long, its branches glandular-pilose; achenes bluntly quadrangular, glabrous, 0.5 mm. loDg. In crevices of rocks under shrubs, Great Ragged Island, Acklin's Island, Marj- guana. Endemic. Bahama Tetranthus. 15. ACANTHOSPERMUM Schrank, PI. Ear. Hort. Monac. pL 53. 1819. Annual rather coarse herbs, with pubescent foliage and erect or creeping stems, opposite broad^ often leathery, toothed leaves, and radiate but incon- spicuous heads, axillary to leaf-like bracts. Involucre double, an outer one of flat herbaceous bracts, and an inner one of several smaller bracts which become bur-like and fall away enclosing an achene at maturity. Receptacle concave or convex. Eay-flowers few, in 1 series, the rays very small, yellowish, concave or hooded. Disk-flowers perfect, sterile. Anthers entire at the base. Achenes broadest above the middle, slightly curved. Pappus wanting. [Greek, thorn-seed, from the prickly, bur-like fruits.] About 3 species, natives of tropical America. Type species: AcantJiospermiim hrasilium Schrank. 1. Acanthospermum humile (Sw\) DC. Prodr. 5: 522. 1836. Melampodium humile Sw\ Prodr. 114. 1788. A^illous-pubescent, branched, erect, 3-9 dm. high. Leaves ovate, 2-4 cm. long, very coarsely dentate, obtuse or acute at the apex, obtuse or subtruncate at the base, the broadly margined petioles 1-2 cm, long, often coarsely toothed; heads sessile or nearly so; pistillate flowers 3-7; inner bracts of the involucre bearing short hooked prickles and 2 rigid subulate beaks 2-3 mm. long. A weed in cultivated and waste grounds near Nassau, New Providence : — south- eastern United States ; Cuba ; Hispaniola ; Cnlebrita ; St. Martin ; Tobago ; Jamaica. Spiny-bur. 16. PAHTHENIUM L. Sp. PI. 988. 1753. Erect, mostly pubescent or canescent herbs, or shrubs, with alternate leaves, and small corymbose or paniculate heads of both tubular and radiate white or yellow flowers. Involucre broadly campanulate or hemispheric, its bracts imbricated in 2 or 3 series, obtuse, appressed, nearly equal. Eeceptacle convex or conic, chaffy, the chaff membranous, surrounding the disk-flowers. Eay-flowers about 5, pistillate, fertile, their ligules short, broad, 2-toothed or obcordate. Disk-flowers perfect, sterile, their corollas 5-toothed, the style undivided. Anthers entire at the base. Achenes compressed, keeled on the inner face, margined, bearing the persistent rays on the summit. Pappus of 2-3 scales or awns. [Greek, virgin,] About 10 American species. Type species: Parthenium EysteropJiorus L. 448 CAEDUACEAE. 1. Parthenium Hysterophonis L. Sp. PI. 988. 1753. Annual, strigose-pubescent or somewhat villous, usually much branched, 3-7 dm. high. Leaves ovate to oblong in outline, 1-2-pinnately parted into linear or lanceolate, toothed or pinnatifid segments, thin, and flaccid; heads numerous^, 5-6 mm. broad; involucre saucer-shaped, its bracts concave, the outer ones rhombic, the inner broader; ray-flowers few; rays reniform, white, about 1 mm. wide; achenes obovate, about 1 mm. long. Waste places and pine-lands, Andros, New Providence, Eleuthera to Watling's Island, Long Island and Inagua : — Bermuda ; United States to continental tropical America ; West Indies. Santa Maeia, 17. CRASSINA Scepin, Acido \eg. 42. 1758. [ZiXNiA L. Syst. ed. 10, 1221. 1759.] Annual or perennial herbs^ some species shrubby, with opposite entire, or sparingly serrate, mostly narrow and sessile leaves, and large or middle-sized heads of both tubular and radiate flowers. Eay-flowers pistillate, yellow or variegated, persistent on the achene. Disk-flowers perfect, fertile; corolla cylindraceous; its lobes villous. Involucre eampanulate to nearly cylindric, its bracts obtuse, dry^ firm^ appressed, imbricated in 3 series or more, the outer gradually shorter. Eeceptacle conic or cylindric, chaffy, the chaff subtending and enwrapping the disk-flowers. Style-branches elongated, not appendaged. Achenes of the ray-flowers somewhat 3-angled, those of the disk flattened. Pappus of few awns or teeth. [In honor of Paul Crassus, an Italian botanist of the 16th century.] About 12 species, natives of western America. Type species: Chrysogonum penivianum L. 1. Crassina multiflora (L.) Kuntze, Eev. Gen. 331. 1891. Zinnia multifiora L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1269. 1763. Annual, erect, simple or branched, 1-6 dm. high, the branches nearly erect, sparingly hispid. Leaves lanceolate, rough-hispid, thin, entire, 2-7 cm. long, acute or acuminate at the apex, rounded at the nearly sessile i3ase; peduncles thickened upward, 1-6 cm. long; involucre eampanulate, about 1.5 cm. high, its bracts oblong, dark-margined above; rays obovate, 1-2 cm. long; receptacle- scales obtuse, entire; disk-achenes 1-awned. Bahamas, collected by Swainson : — Cuba to Porto Rico and Guadeloupe ; Mexico to Brazil and Peru, Zinnia. 18. VERBESINA L. Sp. PL 901. 1753. Erect or diffuse, branching, pubescent or hirsute herbs, with opposite leaves, and small peduncled terminal and axillary heads of tubular and radiate whitish flowers. Involucre hemispheric or broadly eampanulate, its bracts imbricated in about 2 series, nearly equal, or the outer longer. Eeceptacle flat or convex, chaffy, the chaff awn-like, subtending the achenes. Eay-flowers pistillate, fertile. Disk-flowers perfect, mostly fertile, their corollas tubular, 4-toothed or rarely 5-toothed. Anthers entire or minutely 2-toothed at the base. Achenes thick, those of the rays 3-sided, those of the disk compressed. Pappus none, or of a few short teeth. [Xame changed from Verbena.] About 4 species, the following typical. CABDUACEAE. 449 1. Verbesina alba L. Sp. PI. 902. 1753. Eclipta erccta L. Mant. 2: 286. 1771. EcHpta alba Hassk. PI. Jav. Eav. 528. 1848. Annual, appressed-pubescent, erect or diffuse, 1.5-9 dm. high. Leaves lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminatej denticu- late or entire, narrowed to a sessile base, or the lower petioled, 2-12 cm. long, 4-20 mm. wide; heads commonly numerous, 6-12 mm. broad, nearly sessile, or slender-peduncled; rays short, nearly white; anthers brown. Wet or moist soil, New Providence, Great Exuma and Long Island : — Bermuda ; the United States from New York, Illinois and Nebraska, southward to temperate South America ; West Indies ; all warm temperate and tropical regions. Eci.ipta. 19. MELANTHERA Rohr, Skrift. Nat. Selsk. 2: 213. 1792. Perennial herbs, often quite woody^ wdth opposite petioled dentate, some- times hastate leaves, and peduneled heads of small white yellowish or violet tubular flowers. Involucre low-hemispheric, its few ovate to lanceolate, nearly equal bracts imbricated in 2 or 3 series. Receptacle convex or low-conic, scaly. Corollas subcylindric, with an expanded throat, 5-toothed. Anthers sometimes black, truncate or subsagittate at the base. Style-branches long. Achenes 4-angled; pappus of distinct caducous awns. [Greek, black anther.] About 10 species, of tropical and subtropical America. Type species: Bidens nivea L. 1. Melanthera deltoidea Michx. PI. Bor. Am. 2: 107. 1803. Melanthera hrevi folia 0. E. Schulz, in Urban, Symb. Ant. 7: 123. 1911. Melanthera crenata O. E. Schulz, loc. cit. 1911. Sparingly appressed-pubescent, scabrate, branched, 5-8 dm. high, the branches ascending. Leaves ovate or hastate-ovate, scabrate, 2-7 cm. long, serrate, incised or crenate, acute, obtuse or acuminate at the apex, narrowed or subtruncate at the base, the petioles 0.5-3 em. long; heads slender-peduneled, solitary or few together^ 6-8 mm. in diameter; bracts of the involucre ovate or oblong-ovate, 3-4.5 mm. long, obtuse or aeutish; corolla white, 5-6 mm. long. Waste and cultivated grounds, throughout the archipelago from Abaco. Great Bahama and Andros to Watling's. Fortune Island and the Cay Sal bank : — Florida ; Cuba ; Jamaica. Referred by Schcepf to Bidens nivea L., by Mrs. Northrop to Amcllua aspera (Jacq.) Kuntze. Recorded by Hitchcock as Eleutheranthera ruderalis. Con- sists of several races differing in leaf-form and serration, Medanthera. 2. Melanthera hastata (Walt.) Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 107. 1803. AtJianasia hastata Walt. Fl. Car. 201. 1788. Similar to M. deltoidea, but with acute or acuminate involucre-bracts, the fruiting heads about 10 mm. in diameter, the leaves often more deeply incised or lobed. Water Cay, Cay Sal Bank : — southeastern United States ; Cuba ; Mexico to Panama. Hastate Melanthera. 20. ISOCARPHA R. Br. Trans. Linn. Soc. 12: 110. 1817. Branched slender herbs, with alternate or opposite, entire or toothed leaves, and many-flowered, small heads of tubular white, perfect and fertile flowers, solitary or clustered at the end of the branches. Involucre-bracts im- bricated in 2-4 series, slightly unequal. Receptacle oblong or conic, chaffy, 450 CARDUACEAE. the chaff enveloping the flowers. Corollas regular, the limb 5-lobed. Anthers truncate, entire. Achenes glabrous, truncate, angled; pappus none. [Greek, equal chaff.] About 5 species, of tropical America, the following typical. 1. Isocarpha oppositifolia (L.) E. Br.; DC. Prodr. 5: 107. 1836. Galea oppositifolia L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1179. 1763. IsocarpJia angustata Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I. 376. 1861. Perennial, usually pubescent, stem rather stiff, divaricately branched, 3-6 dm. high. Leaves opposite, sessile or nearly so^ linear to lanceolate, 3-nerved, entire, acutish or obtuse at the apex, narrowed at the base; heads solitary or few together at the ends of slender naked peduncle-like branches; involucre 4-5 mm. high, its bracts oblong, strongly striate, acute and mucronate. White-lands and rocky places, Andros, Great Guana Cay, Great Exuma, Long Island, Great Ragged Island and Atwood Cay : — Cuba ; Jamaica ; Tobago : Trinidad ; Curagao ; Margarita; Texas through Mexico to Venezuela. Boston Catnep. 21. BORRICHIA Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 130. 1763. Fleshy, more or less canescent, branching shrubs of the seacoast, with opposite, entire or denticulate, cuneate oblong spatulate or obovate, 1-3-nerved leaves, and terminal large long-peduncled heads of both tubular and radiate yellow flowers. Involucre hemispheric, its bracts slightly unequal, imbricated in 2 or 3 series, the inner ones coriaceous. Receptacle convex, chaffy, the chaff rigid, concave, subtending or enwrapping the disk-flowers. Ray-flowers pistil- late, fertile. Disk-flowers perfect, the corolla tubular, 5-toothed, the style- branches elongated, hispid. Achenes of the ray-flowers 3-sided, those of the disk- flowers 4-sided. Pappus a short dentate crown. [Xamed for Olaf Borrick, a Danish botanist.] About 5 species, natives of America. Type species: Buph- thahnum fnitescens L. 1. Borrichia arborescens (L.) DC. Prodr. 5: 489. 1836. BupMlialmum arhorescens L. Syst. ed. 10, 1227. 1759. Borrichia argenfea DC. Prodr. 5: 489. 1836. Borrichia glahrata Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 1263, 1340. 1903. A branching shrub, 1.3 m. high or less, densely white silky-canescent, or green and glabrous. Leaves fleshy, oblanceolate to spatulate, entire, 6 cm. long or less, 6-15 mm. wide, acute or obtuse and cuspidate at the apex, nar- rowed to the base, sessile, obscurely veined; heads mostly solitary, rarely 2 together; peduncle 2-5 cm. long; involucre 1-1.5 cm. high, its bracts obtuse, or acute, appressed; rays few, 6-9 mm. long. Coastal rocks and sands and margins of brackish ponds throughout the archi- pelago : — Florida ; Bermuda ; Jamaica ; Cuba to Anegada and Guadeloupe ; Yucatan. Foliage either white-canescent or green and glabrous, sometimes on the same plant. Bay Marigold. Sea Ox-eye. Sea-bush. Catesby, 1 : pi. 93. 22. WEDELIA Jacq. Enum. 8, 28. 1760. Herbs or shrubs, with opposite, toothed or entire leaves, and peduncled heads of both radiate and discoid yellow flowers. Involucre ovoid to hemi- spheric, its bracts in about 2 series, the outer somewhat foliaceous. Receptacle flat or convex, its scales enveloping the disk-flowers. Ray-flowers pistillate. Disk-flowers perfect, their corollas tubular with a cylindric to campanulate limb. Achenes oblong to obovate, smooth, pilose or tubercled, truncate or conic CARDUACEAE. 451 at the top; pappus cup-like, toothed or divided, or obsolete. [Commemorates George Wolfgang Wedel, 1645-1721, Professor at Jena.] About 50 species, of warm-temperate and tropical regions. Type species: Wedelia fruticosa Jacq. Herbaceous, prostrate with erect branches, nearly glabrous, some- what fleshy. 1. W. trilohata. Erect, shrubby, strigose-hairy. 2. W. bahamensis. 1. Wedelia trUobata (L.) Hitchc. Eep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4: 99. 1893. Silphium trilohatum ,L. Syst. ed. 10, 1233. 1759. Wedelia carnosa L. C. Rich, in Pers. Syn. 2: 490. 1807. Stemmodontia trilobata Small, Fl. iSE. U. S. 1262, 1340. 1903. Herbaceous, prostrate or with ascending branches, sparingly strigose- pubescent, often rooting at the nodes, 3-10 dm. long. Leaves somewhat fleshy, elliptic to obovate, 2-12 cm. long, obtuse or acute at the apex^ dentate, often several-lobed, narrowed or cuneate at the base, triplinerved and pinnately veined, sessile or nearly so; peduncles solitary in the upper axils, 2-14 cm. long; involucre 7-12 mm. long, its bracts oblong-obovate, foliaeeous; rays about 10, bright yellow, 10-15 mm. long; achenes 5 mm. long, tuberculat^. Moist places along the coast. New Providence : — Florida ; West Indies ; Hon- duras to Colombia. Teailixg Wedelia. 2. Wedelia bahamensis (Britten) O. E. Schulz, in Urban, Symb. Ant. 7: 106. 1911. Stemmodontia iahamensis Brittou, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard 4: 126. 1905. Perennial, erect, densely strigose-pubescent all over, pale green, 6-10 dm. tall, the branches striate. Leaves lanceolate to ovate, 5-12 cm. long, 1.5-3 cm. wide, acute to long-acuminate at the apex, narrowed at the base, rather firm in texture, spa,ringly low-serrate or entire, 3-nerved above the base, the short stoutish petioles mostly not over 1 cm. long; heads solitary or 2 or 3 together, on erect peduncles 2 or 3 cm, long; outer bracts of the involucre oblong to ovate-oblong, apiculate or acutish, about 9 mm. long, faintly many-nerved, a little longer than the inner; rays bright yellow, oblong, 1 cm. long or less, emarginate, about 3 times as long as wide; achenes linear, appressed-pubes- cent, at least 3.5 mm. long. Coastal thickets, coppices and scrub-lands, Andros, New Providence and Eleu- thera to Caicos and Grand Turk. Endemic. Recorded by Grisebach, Dolley and Hitchcock as W. huphthahnoidcs Griseb. Bahama Wedelia. Roxg-bush. Erro- neously called Marigold. Catesby, 1 : pi. 92. 23. XIMENESIA Cav. Icon. 2: 60. 1793. Pubescent caulescent herbs, with alternate or sometimes opposite, simple, toothed or somewhat laciniate leaves, and solitary or few, radiate showy peduncled heads. Involucre rather flat, of narrow spreading bracts. Recep- tacle convex, chaffy. Ray-flowers pistillate, fertile, numerous, the rays yellow. Disk-flowers numerous, perfect, fertile. Anthers somewhat sagittate at the base. Style-branches with slender pubescent appendages. Achenes flat, winged. Pappus of short and straight awns. [In honor of Joseph Ximenes, a Spanish botanist.] About 4 species, natives of America, the following typical. 452 CARDUACEAE. 1. Ximenesia encelioides Cav. Icon. 2: 60. 1793. Verbesina encelioides Benth. & Hook.; A. Gray, Bot. €al. 1: 350. 1876. Annual; stem densely puberulent, mucli branched, 3-6 dm. high. Leaves deltoid-ovate or deltoid-lanceolate, thin, 5-10 cm. long, acuminate, acute or blunt at the ajDex, coarsely dentate, or even laciuiate, green and minutely pubescent above^ pale and densely caneseent beneath, all alternate, or the lowest opposite, narrowed at the base into naked or wing-margined petioles, which are often provided with dilated appendages at the base; heads several or numerous, 2.5-5 cm. broad; involucre hemispheric, about 12 mm. high, its bracts lanceolate, caneseent; rays 12-15, bright golden yellow, 3-toothed; achenes of the disk-flowers obovate, winged, pubescent, their pappus of 2 subu- late awns, those of the ray-flowers rugose, thickened, often wingless. Waste grounds, Eleuthera, Fortune Island. Great Ragged Island : — southwestern United States and Mexico; introduced into Key West (Florida), Cuba and Porto Rico, Golden Crownbeaed. 24. SYNEDRELLA Gaertn. Fr. et Sem. 2: 456. 1791. Annual pubescent herbs, with opposite dentate petioled leaves, and small, solitary or glomerate, axillary or terminal heads of radiate and discoid flowers. Involucre oblong, of few bracts, the outer 1 or 2 foliaceous, the inner pale- aceous. Receptacle small, the searious narrow chaff subtending the disk- flowers. Ray-flowers pistillate, with a filiform tube and a short 2-3-toothed limb; disk-flowers perfect, the corolla tubular, 4-cleft. Ray-achenes com- pressed, 2-winged, the wings produced into awns, those of the disk-flowers narrower, 2-3-aristate. [Greek, referring to the clustered flower-heads.] Two known species, natives of tropical America, the following typical. 1. Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. Fr. & Sem. 2: 456. 1791. Verbesina nodiflora L. Cent. PI. 1: 28. 1755. Vcacou nodiflorum Hitchc. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4: 100. 1893. Stem appressed-pubescent above, glabrate below, rather widely branched, 3-8 dm. high. Leaves thin, ovate to elliptic, 3-10 cm. long, triplinerved, low- serrate, acute at the apex, narrowed at the base into short margined petioles, loosely appressed-pubescent above, rather densely appressed-pubescent beneath; heads few or several together in nearly sessile, axillary or terminal clusters; involucre about 8 mm. high, its 1 or 2 outer bracts pubescent, oblong-lanceo- late, the inner narrower, glabrous; achenes 4-5 mm. long, those of the ray- flowers with ascending marginal bristles and 2 short awns, those of the disk- flowers with 2 subulate awns. Waste places, Abaco, New Providence and Crooked Island : — Florida ; West In- dies and continental tropical America. Nodeweed. 25. SAIiMEA DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 140. 1813. Shrubs or woody vines, the branches terete or nearly so, the leaves oppo- site and petioled. Heads small, corymbose, discoid. Involucre campanulate or turbinate, its bracts appressed, imbricated in few series. Receptacle conic, its scales enveloping the flowers. Flowers white, all perfect and fertile; corollas with a narrowly campanulate or funnelform limb. Achenes laterally compressed, mostly margined or narrowly winged. Pappus of 2 awns. [In honor of Count Salm-Salm, patron of Palermo.] About 7 species, of Mexico and the West Indies. Type species: Salmea Eupatoria DC. CARDUACEAE. 453 1. Salmea petrobioides Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I. 375. 1861. A inueli-branched shrub, 2 m. high or less, the twigs slender, erect-ascend- ing, glabrous. Leaves obovate or ellii3tic-obovate, '2-5 em. long, 8-25 mm. wide, rounded or apiculate at the apex, narrowed or cuneate at the base, fleshy, the midvein prominent, the lateral veins obscure, the petioles 1.5-3 mm. long; heads numerous; in terminal compound, nearly flat-topped corymbs ; involucre glutinous, narrowly campanulate, about 4 mm. high^ its bracts in 2 series, oblong to oval, obtuse, the outer much smaller than the inner; receptacle acute; achenes oblong, glabrous except at the apex. Coastal rocks, white-lands, sand-dunes and coppices, throughout the archipelago from Abaco. Great Bahama and the Biminis to Cat Island, Long Island and Grand Caicos : — Cuban Cays ; Cayman Islands. Bushy Salmea. Shanks. Catesby, 1 : pi. 72. 26. BIDENS L. Sp. PI. 831. 1753. Annual or perennial herbs, with opposite serrate lobed divided or dis- sected leaves, or the uppermost alternate, and mostly large heads of both tubular and radiate flowers, or the rays none, or rudimentary. Involucre cam- panulate or hemispheric, its bracts in 2 series, distinct or slightly united at the base; the outer often foliaceous and much larger than the inner. Eeceptacle flat or nearly sO; chaffy, the chaff subtending the disk-flowers. Rays, when present, neutral, mostly entire, yellow in our species. Disk-flowers perfect, fertile, their corollas tubular, o-toothed. Anthers entire^ or minutely sagit- tate at the base. Style-branches with short or subulate tips. Achenes flat, quadrangular or nearly terete, cuneate, oblong, or linear. Pappus of 2-6 teeth or subulate awns, upwardly or downwardly barbed or hispid. [Latin, two- toothed, referring to the achenes.] About 75 species of wide geographic dis- tribution. Type species: Bidens tripartitus L. Achenes 4-awned ; rays yellow, small; leaves pinnatisect. 1. B. cynapiifoUa. Achenes 2-awned ; rays .white or none ; leaves 3-5 pinnately di- vided. . 2. B. pilosa. 1. Bidens cynapiifolia H.B.K. Nov. Gen. 4: 235. 1820. Annual; stem quadrangular, erect, branched, 0.2-2 m. high. Leaves thin, petioled, 1-3-pinnately dissected into ovate or oblong, toothed or lobed seg- ments; heads usually numerous^ long-peduncled, 4-8 mm. broad; involucre narrow, its outer bracts linear_, ascending, nearly as long as the broader erect inner ones; rays 3-4, yellow, short, sometimes none; achenes curved, linear, 4-angled, narrowed upward, 7-17 mm. long, the outer ones commonly shorter than the inner ; pappus of 4-6 downwardly barbed, slightly spreading awns, much shorter than the achene. Waste and cultivated grounds. New Providence and Eleuthera : — West Indies ; continental tropical America. Recorded by Dolley and by Hitchcock as B. hipinnata L., which it resembles. Beggar-ticks. 2. Bidens pilosa L. Sp. PL 832. 1753. Coreopsis leucantha L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1282. 1763. Bidens leucantha Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1719. 1804. Annual, glabrous or somewhat pubescent, 3-10 dm. high, more or less branched. Leaves petioled, 3-divided, their segments ovate to lanceolate, 2-8 cm. long, serrate, acute or acuminate, the uppermost sometimes undivided; involucre campanulate, about 8 mm. high, its outer bracts linear-oblong, usually 454 CARDUACEAE. shorter than the inner; rays^ when present, white, 1-2 cm. long, '2-3-lobed; achenes fusiform, unequal^ the inner longer than the involucre; pappus of 2-4 yellow, downwardly barbed awns. Waste and cultivated ground, New Providence, Great Bahama, Andros, South Cat Cay, Eleuthera, Cat Island, Fortune Island and East Caicos : — southern United States ; West Indies and Bermuda ; continental tropical America. White Beggab- TiCKS. Shephebd's-needlb. 27. TRIDAX L. Sp. PI. 900. 1753. Perennial herbs, with opposite, dentate or incised leaves and long-pe- duncled heads of tubular and radiate flowers, the disk-flowers perfect and fertile, the ray-flowers pistillate, the rays often 3-lobed. Involucre ovoid to hemispheric, its nearly equal bracts in few series, or the outer smaller than the inner. Receptacle flat or convex, the chaff subtending the disk-flowers. Anthers auricled at the base or sagittate. Style-branches of the disk-flowers subulate-appendaged. Achenes silky- villous. Pappus of many aristate plumose scales. [Greek^ referring to the o-lobed rays.] About a dozen species, natives of tropical America, the following typical. 1. Tridax procumbens L. Sp. PI. 900. 1753. Hirsute, branched from the base, the branches spreading or ascending, slender, 2-5 dm. long. Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, short-petioled, 2-6 cm. long, incised-dentate, acute or acuminate at the apex, mostly cuneate at the base; peduncles solitary, terminal, 1-3 dm. long; involucre subcampanu- late, about 6 mm. high, its bracts hispid, the inner elliptic, the outer lanceo- late; rays nearly white; achenes about 2 mm. long. Waste places. Lignum Vitae Cay, New Providence, Eleuthera, Cat Island and Fortune Island : — Florida ; Cuba ; Grenada ; continental tropical America. Recorded by Hitchcock as Amellus aspera (Jacq.) Kuntze. Twdax. 28. FLAVERIA Juss.; J. F. Gmel. Syst. 2: 1269. 1791. Glabrous or minutely puberulent^ light green, annual or perennial herbs, with opposite sessile leaves, and small, 1-several-flowered, usually sessile, oblong, densely cymose-capitate heads of tubular, or both tubular and radiate, yellow or yellowish flowers. Involucre of 2-5 narrow, nearly equal, appressed bracts, sometimes with 1 or 2 additional small exterior ones. Receptacle small, naked. Ray-flower commonly one, pistillate, fertile, sometimes wanting. Disk-flowers 1-15, perfect, fertile, their corollas 5-toothed. Anthers entire at the base. Style-branches of the disk-flowers truncate. Achenes oblong or linear-oblong, 8-10-ribbed. Pappus none. [Latin, flavus, yellow, from its dyeing properties.] Type species: Flaveria chilensis J. F. Gmel. 1. Flaveria linearis Lag. Gen. et Sp. Nov. 33. 1S16. Perennial, glabrous or nearly so, somewhat woody, usually branched, erect or decumbent, 3-9 dm. long. Leaves linear, entire, 3-7 cm. long, 1-6 mm. wide; heads commonly numerous, in terminal corymbose cymes, short-pe- duncled; involucre narrow, about 4 mm. high, its principal bracts about 5, lanceolate or oblong, acute; ray-flower usually only one, its ligule 3-4 mm. long. Coastal coppices and scrub-lands, Joulter's Cays, Andros. New Providence, Water Cav on Cay Sal bank : — Florida ; Cuba ; Alacran Shoals ; Yucatan. The Cay Sal bank plant is of a broad-leaved race. Nakeow-leaved Flaveria. CARDUACEAE. 455 29. NEOTHYMOPSIS Britton & Millspaugh. [Thymopsis Benth. in Benth. & Hook. Gen. PL 2: 407. 1873. Not Jaub. & Spach, 1843.] Low diffuse, annual or peyennial, hirsute or puberulent herbs, with oppo- site small broad leaves, and few-flowered, small heads of tubular flowers, the outer pistillate the inner perfect. Bracts of the involucre few, nearly equal, hirsute or ciliolate. Receptacle naked, flat. Corolla of pistillate flowers slender, 2-3-toothed, shorter than the style, minutely 2-4-toothed; corolla of perfect flowers with a campanulate, 4-toothed limb. Anthers obtuse at the base, entire. Achenes oblong, nearly terete, striate. Pappus a fringed crown of several scales. [Greek, new — Thymopsis.'] Only the two following species are known. Type species: Tetranthus tJiymoides Griseb. Plants hirsute-hispid throughout ; flowers 10 in a head ; awned. 1. N. Wrightii. Plants slightly pubescent ; flowers 5 in a head ; perennial. 2. N. Brittonii. 1. Neothjonopsis thymoides (Griseb.) Britton & Millspaugh. Tetranthus thymoides Griseb. Cat. PL Cub. 286. 1866. Thymropsis Wrightii Be«th. loc. cit. 1873. Thymopsis thymoides Urban, Symb. Ant. 5: 254. 1907. Annual; stems very slender, little branched, 1-3 dm. long, short-hirsute. Leaves ovate, 10 mm. long or less, acute or obtuse at the apex, narrowed into petioles, hirsute-hispid; heads nearly sessile in the axils, about 10-flowered; involucre of 5 or 6 oblong, obtuse, hirsute bracts about 3 mm. long. Moist places, Acklin's Island and Mariguana : — Cuba. 2. Neothymopsis Brittonii (Greenm.) Britton & Millspaugh. Thymopsis Brittonii Greeum. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3: 453. 1905. Perennial; stems several, erect or ascending, slender, 4-10 cm. long, puberulent. Leaves rhombic-ovate to somewhat spatulate, 4-8 mm. long, one- half as broad, obtuse, entire, revolute-margined, narrowed below to a short petiole, sparingly puberulent to glabrous, dark green above, paler and glandu- lar-punctate beneath; heads terminating the stem and branches, sessile, about 3 mm. high, 5-flowered; involucre of 5 (4) oblong obtuse, navicular, or some- what obtusely carinate-concave, ciliolate green bracts. Moist places, New Providence and Great Exuma. Endemic. 30. POROPHYLLUM Vaill; Adans. Fam. PL 2: 122. 1763. Herbs, or some species shrubby, glanduliferous, glabrous and often glau- cous. Leaves alternate, or the lower opposite, toothed or entire. Heads corymbose or solitary, long-stalked. Involucre narrowly campanulate or cylin- dric, its bracts 5-9. Receptacle small, not chaffy. Ray-flowers none. Disk- flowers perfect and fertile; corollas with a slender tube and narrowly cam- panulate limb. Achenes linear, many-striate, glabrous or pubescent. Pappus of copious capillary roughish bristles in 1 or 2 series. [Greek, porose-leaved.] About 25 species, of warm-temperate and tropical America, the following typical. 466 CARDUACEAE. 1. PorophyUum Porophyllum (L.) Kuntze, Eev. Gen. PI. 3==: 168. 1898. Cacalia Porophyllum L. Sp. PI. 834. 1753. Porophyllum ruderale Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I. 379. 1861. Not Cass., 1826. • Annual; stem erect, often mucli branched;, pale, slightly glaucous, 1 m. high or less. Leaves thin, slender-petioled, obLong to ovate, obtuse or acute, low-crenate or entire, 2-7 cm. long, bearing marginal glands or sometimes glandless; heads solitary at the ends of the branches, many-flowered; involucre about 2 cm. high, its 5 bracts linear, acute, bearing narrowly linear glands; corolla about 10 mm. long; achenes linear, about 8 mm. long, dark brown, hispidulous. Waste places and pot-holes in good soil, Abaco, Andros, New Providlence, Harbor Island, Eleuthera, Cat Island and Great Exuma : — West Indies and continental trop- ical America. Pokophtllum. 31. PECTIS L. Syst. ed. 10, 1221. 1759. Annual or perennial, diffuse prostrate or erect, mostly glabrous herbs, gland-dotted and strong-scented, with opposite narrow, sometimes brstly-ciliate leaves, and small, usually cymose heads of both tubular and radiate yellow flowers. Involucre cylindric, oblong or campanulate, its bracts in 1 series, narrow, keeled, distinct. Receptacle small, naked. Ray-flowers pistillate, the rays small, entire or 3-lobed. Disk-flowers perfect, their corollas with expanded, somewhat irregularly 5-cleft limbs. Anthers entire at the base. Style-branches of the disk-flowers very short, obtuse. Achenes linear, slightly angled, striate. Pappus of scales, slender bristles or awns, sometimes with a few outer smaller additional ones. [Latin, pecten, comb, referring to the pappus.] About 75 species, natives of the warmer parts of America. Type species: Pedis linifolia L. Pappus of scales. 1. P. leptocephala. Pappus of 2-4 subulate awns. 2. P. linifolia. 1. Pectis leptocephala (Cass.) Urban, Symb. Ant. 5: 280. 1907. Chthonia leptocephala Cass. Diet. Sci. Nat. 27: 206. 1823. Pectis Lessingii Fernald, Proc. Am. Acad. 33: 67. 1897. Glabrous or nearly so ; stems slender, diffusely branched, 1-4 dm. high. Leaves narrowly linear, 1-3 cm. long, less than 1 mm. wide, acute, bearing a few bristles below the middle; heads filiform-peduncled, mostly solitary; involucre narrow, 4-5 mm. high, its bracts linear; achenes narrow, about 3 nun. long; pappus of subulate-lanceolate scales. Limestone soil. Andros. New Providence : — Florida : Cays of northern Cuba ; Hispaniola. Recorded by Mrs. Northrop, by Dolley and by Hitchcock as P. linifolia L. Nareow-IvEaved Pectis. Wrongly called Pexxyroyal. 2. Pectis linifolia L. Syst. ed. 10, 1221. 1759. Pectis punctata Jacq. Enum. 28. 1760. Annual; stems glabrous, very slender, usually much-branched, 2-9 dm. high. Leaves linear, 2-8 cm. long, usually not more than 3 mm. wide, nar- rowed at both ends, sparingly glanduliferous, commonly bearing 1--3 bristles at the base; heads on filiform peduncles 7-35 mm. long, 5-9-flowered; in- volucre about 6 mm. long, its 4 or 5 linear glabrous bracts obtuse with revo- lute margins; flowers purplish to orange: achenes linear, 4-6 mm. long, gla- CARDUACEAE. 467 brous or sparingly pubescent j pappus of 2-4 subulate, spreading or reflexed awns about 2 mm. long. Sandy and rocky soils, Acklin's, Mariguana, South Caicos, Ambergris Cay, Grand Turk, Sand Cay, Inagua and Little Inagua : — West Indies, east to Anegada, south to Grenada ; Aruba ; Curagao ; continental tropical America. Awx-fruited Pectis. 32. NEUBOLAENA R. Br. Trans. Linn. Soc. 12: 120. 1817. Tall shrubby perennials, with large alternate leaves, and numerous small corymbose-paniculate heads of tubular yellow flowers, all perfect and fertile. Involucre campanulate, its obtuse nerved bracts imbricated in 3 or 4 series. Eeeeptacle nearly flat, with membranous 1-nerved scales which are early deciduous. Corolla-tube slender, the limb somewhat expanded. Anthers sagit- tate. Achenes narrowed at the base. Pappus of many capillary persistent, somewhat unequal bristles. [Greek, referring to the nerved bracts.] Two known species of tropical America, the following typical. 1. Neurolaena lobata (L.) E. Br.; DC. Prodr. 6: 292. 1837. Conyza lohata L. Sp. PI. 862. 1753. Stems somewhat woody, erect, usually much branched, 1.5-3 m. high, appressed-pubescent and scabrous. Leaves lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, pubescent and scabrous, dentate, denticulate or variously lobed^ acuminate at the apex, narowed at the base, the lower up to 3 dm. long and petioled, the upper much smaller, sessile or nearly so; corymbs terminal, often 8 cm. broad or more; peduncles rather slender, bracted, pubescent; involucre 6-8 mm. high, its bracts oblong, pubescent, 3-nerved, the outer shorter than the inner; achenes pubescent; pappus brownish-white. Thickets at Red Bays, Andros : — Cuba to St. Thomas and to Trinidad ; Jamaica ; continental tropical America. 33. EMILIA Cass. Bull. Soc. Philom. 1817: 68. 1817. Herbs, with alternate and basal, often clasping leaves, and long-peduncled, solitary or loosely corymbose heads of pink, purple or orange, tubular, perfect and fertile flowers. Involucre nearly cylindric, its bracts in a single equal series. Eeeeptacle flat, naked. Corolla-limb cylindric. Achenes nearly terete or 5-angled. Pappus of numerous soft white capillary bristles. [Name unex- plained.] About 5 species, natives of the Old World tropics. Type species: Emilia flammea Cass. 1. Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. Prodr. 6: 302. 1837. Cacalia sonchifolia L. Sp. PL 835. 1753. Annual, glabrous, or som.ewhat pubescent below, usually branched, 2-7 dm. high. Basal and lower leaves petioled, sometimes 12 cm. long, obovate to oblanceolate, repand-dentate to lyrate-pinnatifid, obtuse or acute at the apex; upper leaves lanceolate, sessile, sagittate-clasping, dentate, lobed or entire; heads loosely corymbose, many-flowered; peduncles very slender or filiform; involucre 10-12 mm. high, its bracts linear-lanceolate, acute, at length re- flexed; flowers rose, red or purple. Waste places in good soil. Andros, New Providence, Eleuthera, Cat Island. Long Island and North Caicos : — Florida : Bermuda : West Indies and continental trop- ical America. Naturalized from the East Indies. Purple Emilia. 30 458 CARDUACEAE. 34. ERECHTITES Raf. Fl. Ludov. 65. 1817. Erect, usually brandling herbs, witli alternate leaves, and (in our species) rather large, discoid, many-flowered heads of whitish flowers, corymbose-panicu- late at the ends of the stem and branches. Involucre cylindric, swollen at the base, its principal bracts in 1 series, linear, with or without much smaller outer ones. Receptacle concave, naked. Marginal flowers in 2-several series, pistillate, fertile, their corollas filiform, the limb 2-4-toothed. Central flowers perfect, fertile; corolla narrowly tubular, the limb 4-5-toothed, the style- branches elongated, truncate or obtuse at the summit. Anthers obtuse and entire at the base. Achenes linear-oblong, angled or striate. Pappus of copious capillary soft smooth white bristles. [Ancient name of some ground- sel.] About 12 species, natives of America and Australasia. Type species: Ereclitites praealta Raf. 1, Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Raf.; DC. Prodr. 6: 294. 1837. Senecio Jiieracifolius L. Sp. PI. 866. 1753. Annual, glabrous, or somewhat hirsute; stem striate, succulent, usually branched, 3-25 dm. high. Leaves thin, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, dentate and often deeply incised, 5-20 cm. long, the upper sessile or auriculate-clasp- ing, mostly acuminate, the lower usually narrowed into petioles; heads 12-20 mm. long, about 6 mm. in diameter, the involucre conspicuously swollen at the base before flowering, its bracts numerous, striate, green, with narrow scarious margins; pappus bright white. Cultivated fields and coppices, Andros : — West Indies and temperate and trop- ical continental America. Fire-weed. 35. CIRSIUM [Tourn.] Mill. Gard. Diet. abr. ed. 4. 1754. Erect, branched or simple, prickly herbs, some species acaulescent, with alternate or basal, sinuate-dentate lobed or pinnatifid, usually very spiny leaves, sometimes decurrent, and large many-flowered, solitary or clustered, discoid heads of purple, yellow or white, tubular, perfect and fertile, or rarely dioecious flowers. Involucre ovoid or globose, its bracts prickle-tipped or un- armed, imbricated in many series. Receptacle flat or convex, bristly. Corolla- tube slender, the limb deeply 5-cleft. Filaments pilose, or rarely glabrous. Anthers sagittate at the base. Style-branches short or elongated, obtuse. Achenes obovate or oblong, compressed or obtusely 4-angled, glabrous, smooth or ribbed. Pappus of several series of slender, plumose, bristles, connate at the base. [Greek, the thistle was used as a remedy for swollen veins.] Over 200 species, widely distributed in the northern hemisphere. Type species: Carduus heterophylhis L. 1. Cirsium Smallii Britton. Carduus piyietorum Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 1308, 1341. 1903. Cirsium pinetorum Small, Fl. Miami 199, 200. 1913. Not Greenm., 1905. Stem simple or little-branched, sparingly floecose, rather slender, 9 dm. high or less. Leaves more or less floecose, runcinate-pinnatifid or entire, the teeth and margins armed with yellowish acieular spine-like bristles 1.5 cm. long or less; basal and lower leaves oblanceolate or spatulate-oblong, 1-2.5 dm. CAEDUACEAE. 459 long, the upper smaller, lanceolate, acuminate, sessile, or half-clasping the stem; heads few; involucre about 3.5 cm. high, the outermost bracts spinulose- tipped, the inner acuminate; flowers pink; pappus white, long-plumose; achenes about 5 mm. long. Pine-lands; Abaco and Great Bahama : — Florida. 1'ixe-l^vnd Thistle. 36. ANASTRAPHIA D. Don, in Trans. Linn. Soc. 16: 295. 1830. Shrubs or trees, with alternate leaves, and terminal discoid heads of tubular, perfect and fertile flowers. Involucre campanulate or turbinate, its bracts imbricated in several or many series, appressed or recurved, the outer gradually shorter than the inner. Eeceptacle flat or nearly so, naked. Corolla- limb scarcely expanded, 5-parted, the lobes narrow. Anthers sagittate at the base, the auricles elongated. Style-branches short. Achenes linear^ villous or pubescent. Pappus of 1 or 2 series of filiform bristles. [Greek, turned back- ward.] About 20 specieS; natives of the West Indies. Type species: Anast- rapMa ilicifolia D. Don. Bracts of the involucre recurved. 1. A. Northropiana. Bracts of the involucre strictly erect. 2. A. hahamensis. 1. Anastraphia Northropiana Greenm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 7: 435. 1897. An irregularly branched shrub, 1-2 m. high, or, on the coa&*t of southern Cuba becoming a tree up to 10 m. high, with a trunk 2 dm. in diameter, the bark rough, the slender twigs densely white-tomentose. Leaves oblong to elliptic or obovate, 1-4 cm. long, coriaceous, obtuse at the apex, narrowed or obtuse at the base^ serrate Avith few spinulose-tipped teeth_, or entire, glabrous above, densely white-tomentose beneath, short-petioled; involucre campanulate, 12-15 mm. high, its bracts pubescent, the inner linear, acute, reflexed, the outer gradually smaller; flowers 8-10, orange, about 3 em. long; achenes villous, 3 mm. long; pappus tawny, 12-16 mm. long. Low coppices and pine-lands, Andros, New Providence and Cat Island : — Cuba. NOETHROP's Anastraphia. Candlewood. 2. Anastraphia bahamensis Urban, Symb. Ant. 3: 415. 1903. Anastraphia cuneifolia Greenm. Bull. TST. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 126. 1905. iShrub 1-2 m. high, much-branched; stem and branches covered with a light gray bark. Leaves obovate-cuneate, 1-2 cm. long^ 0.5-1.2 cm. broad, revolute-margined, sparingly spinulose-dentate in the terminal portion, entire and narrowed below the middle into the petiole, slightly puberulent above in the early stages but soon glabrate and rather conspicuously reticulate-veined, densely and permanently white-tomentose beneath; petioles 3-5 mm. long, tomentose; heads few, about 2 cm. long, sessile, mostly terminating the ulti- mate branchlets, 5-flowered; involucre narrowly campanulate, 8.5-10 mm. long; bracts of the involucre 5-6-seriate, triangular-ovate to lance-linear^ acute, ex- ternaly arachnoid-tomentulose, brownish, slightly spreading at maturity; mature achenes 3.5-4 mm. long, pubescent; pappus about 13 mni. in length, persistent, tawny. Low coppices and scrub-lands, Andros. Eleuthera, Cat Island, Great Exuma, Crooked, Fortune and Acklin's Islands, Mariguana. Dellis Cay. Caicos Islands and Inagua : — Cuba. Reported by Hitchcock and by Mrs. Northrop as A. paucifioscula C. Wright, an unpublished name. Bahama Anastraphia. Carrajo-bush. 460 CARDUACEAE. 37. CHAPTAIiIA Vent. Jard. Cels. pi. 61. 1800. Perennial scapose herbs, with, floecose-tomentose foliage. Leaves basal, persistently pubescent beneath. Heads heterogamous, radiate, solitary and terminal. Involucre many-flowered, its bracts narrow, in few series, the inner successively larger. Ray-flowers pistillate, fertile, rose-purple. Disk-flowers perfect, wholly or partially neutral, their corollas white or purplish, more or less 2-lipped, the outer with 3 lobes to the lower lip, the inner with 2 lobes. Achenes 5-nerved, columnar or fusiform. Pappus of numerous soft hair-like bristles. [In honor of J. A. C. Chaptal, 1756-1831, French chemist and statesman.] About 25 species^ natives of warm-temperate and tropical America. Type species: Chaptalia tomentosa Vent. 1. Chaptalia dentata (L.) Cas?. Diet. Sci. Nat. 26: 104. 1823. Tussilago dentata L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1213. 1763. TussUago alhicans Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1348. 1806. Chaptalia albicans Northrop, Mem. Torr. Club 12: 73. 1902. Leaves oblanceolate or oblong-oblanceolate, 2-20 cm. long, repand-dentate or entire, obtuse or acute at the apex, long-attenuate at the base, loosely floccose or becoming glabrous and bright green above, densely white-felted or grayish-felted beneath, the petioles very short or sometimes as long as the blades; scape slender, more or less floccose, 1-3 dm. tall; head not nodding; involucre 13-22 mm. high, its linear bracts floccose, acuminate, the outer much shorter than the inner; flowers white (?); achenes glabrous or pubes- cent, the body 5-6 mm. long, the filiform beak longer; pappus straw-color, 8-10 mm. long. Grassy places, pine-lands and coppices. Great Bahama, Abaco, Andros, New Providence :— Florida : Cuba ; Hispaniola ; Porto Rico ; Jamaica. Recorded as C. nutans Hemsl. by Hitchcock. Low Chaptalia. [Artemisia vulgaris L. is reported by Herrick as growing on Green Turtle Cay, Abaco : we have not succeeded in finding the species within the archipelago ; this European species would probably not long endure the Bahama climate.] Class 2. GYMNOSPERMAE. Ovules (macrosporanges) naked, not enclosed in an ovary, this represented by a scale or apparently wanting. Pollen-grains (mi- crospores) dividing at maturity into two or more cells, one of which, gives rise to the pollen-tube (male prothallium), which di- rectly fertilizes an archegone of the nutritive endosperm (female prothallium) in the ovule. The GjTiinosperms are an ancient group, first known in Silurian time. The}^ became most numerous in the Triassic age. They are now represented by not more than 450 species of trees and shrubs. There are three orders. Finales, Cycadales and Gnetales, the two first represented in the Bahama Flora. Leaves scale-like, linear or needle-like. , Order 1. Pinales. Leaves large, pinnate, in a terminal crown. Order 2. Cycadales. Order 1. PINALES. Trees, or rarely shrubs, growing from both terminal and lateral buds, thus freely branching, the trunks mostly excurrent. Leaves scale-like, linear or needle-like, sometimes fascicled. Flowers mostly monoecious. Fruit a cone, with woody or fleshy scales, or drupaceous. PINACEAE. 461 Family 1. PINACEAE Lindl. Pine Family. Conifers. Resinous trees or shrubs, mostly with evergreen narrow entire or scale- like leaves, the wood uniform in texture, without tracheae, the tracheids marked by large depressed disks, the pollen-sacs and ovules borne in separate spikes (aments). Perianth none. Stamens several together, sub- tended by a scale; filaments more or less united; pollen-sacs (anthers) 2-several-celled, variously dehiscent; pollen-grains .often provided with two lateral inflated sacs. Ovules with two integuments, orthotropous or amphitropous, borne solitary or several together on the surface of a scale, which is subtended by a bract in most genera. Fruit a cone with numerous, several or few, woody, papery or fleshy scales; sometimes ben-y-like. Seeds wingless or winged. Endospeiin fleshy or starchy, copious. Embryo straight, slender. Cotyledons 2 or several. About 25 genera and 250 species of wide distribution, most abundant in temperate regions. Fruit a large cone with many woody scales; leaves linear, in sheaths. 1. Finns. Fruit a berry-like cone of few fleshy scales ; leaves acicular or scale-like. 2. Juniperus, 1. PINUS [Tourn.] L. Sp. PI. 1000. 1753. Evergreen trees with two kinds of leaves, the primary ones linear or scale- like, deciduous, the secondary ones forming the ordinary foliage, narrowly linear, arising from the axils of the former in fascicles of 2-5 (rarely solitary in some western species), subtended by the bud-scales, some of which are united to form a sheath. Staminate aments (flowers) borne at the bases of shoots of the season, the clusters of stamens spirally arranged, each in the axil of a minute scale; filaments very short; anthers 2-celled, the sacs longitudinally dehiscent. Ovule-bearing aments (flowers) solitary or clustered, borne on the twigs of the preceding season, composed of numerous imbricated minute bracts, each with an ovule-bearing scale in its axil, ripening into a large cone, which matures the following autumn, its scales elongating and becoming woody. Seeds 2 on the base of each scale, winged above, the testa crustaceous. [Name Celtic] About 100 species, of the northern hemisphere. Type species: Pinus sylvestris L. 1. Pinus caribaea Morelet, Eev. Hort. Cote d'Or. 1851. TK\'q, skott(c*. fee Pi7ius bahamensis Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I. 503. 1861.<"^ A tree, with a nmximum height of about 30 m., the trunk up to 1.5 m. in diameter, the thick bark splitting into irregular plates, the stout twigs glabrous. Leaves in fascicles of 2 or 3, dark green, shining, 17-30 cm. long, the sheaths 1-1.5 cm. long; staminate aments 2-4 cm. long; ovule-bearing aments mainly terminal; cones narrowly conic when closed, 9-14 cm. long, their scales thin, nearly flat, rounded at the apex and thickened into a low knob which bears a small spine; seeds 5-8 mm. long, the thin wing 2-2.5 cm. long. Great Bahama, Abaco, Andros, New Providence, North Caicos and Pine Cay, Caicos Islands : — southeastern United States ; Cuba. Caribbean Pixe-tree. 462 CYCADACEAE. 2. JUNIPERUS L. Sp. PI. 1038. 1753. Evergreen trees or shrubs with opposite or vertieillate, subulate or scale- like, sessile leaves, commonly of 2 kinds, and dioecious or sometimes monoecious, small globose axillary or terminal aments. Leaf-buds naked. Staminate aments oblong or ovoid; anthers 2-6-celled, each sac 2-valved. Ovule-bearing aments of a few opposite somewhat fleshy scales, or these rarely vertieillate in 3's, each bearing a single erect ovule or rarely 2. Cones globose, berry-like by the coalescence of the fleshy scales, containing 1-6 wingless bony seeds. [Name Celtic] About 40 species, natives of the northern hemisphere. Type species: Juniperus communis L. 1. Juniperus lucayana Britton, N. A. Trees, 121. 1908. Juniperus australis Pilger, in Urban, Symb. Ant. 7: 479. 1913. A tree, seldom over 12 m. high, with a trunk up to 6 dm. in diameter, the thin bark separating in low strips, the branches ascending or the lower drooping, the twigs slender. Leaves of young plants, and often those of the lower parts of twigs, acicular, pungent, 5-10 mm. long; leaves of mature plants scale-like, appressed, 4-ranked, 1-1.5 mm. long; fruit blue, oblong-globose and somewhat laterally flattened, 5-6.5 mm. long. Great Bahama, Abaco. Cat Cay, Andros. New Providence. Eleuthera : — Cuba ; Jamaica. Recorded bv Grisebacii, by Mrs. Northrop, by Coker and by Dolley as J. hm-hadensis L., by Schoepf as J. hermudiana L., and by Dolley as J. virginiana L, West Indian Red Cedar. Order 2. CYCADALES. Palm-like or fern-like, dioecious, woody plants with erect trunks, some- times short and w4iolly buried in the ground, growing only from the summit and thus unbranehed, although sometimes forming lateral adventitious buds, the large pinnate leaves in a terminal crown. Flowers in terminal cones, or on modified leaves. Scales of the staminate cones bearing several anther-sacs. Ovule-bearing scales or leaves with t\vo or more naked ovules. Seeds drupe-like or nut-like. Only the following family. Family 1. CYCADACEAE Lindl. Cycad Family. Nine genera and about 90 species, of tropical and subtropical distri- bution. 1. ZAMIA L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1659. 1753. Woody, dioecious plants, the trunk or caudex wholly or partly buried in the ground, the palm-like leaves tufted at its summit, pinnately compound, cori- aceous, the segments entire or toothed, parallel-veined, the petioles unarmed in the following species, prickly in some others, the inflorescence strobilar, pe- duncled, densely many-flowered, the cones from oblong-cylindric to subglobose, the female thicker than the male. Scales of the cones peltate, nearly flat, more or less hexagonal, closely set together, vertically superimposed. Scales of the male cone at length deciduous, bearing several sessile pollen-sacs, those of the CYC AD ACE AE. 463 female cone persistent, bearing 2 sessile, ovoid ovules. Seeds more or less angled, the testa fleshy. [Said to be Latin for a fir-cone.] About 25 species, natives of tropical and subtropical America. Type species, Zamia immila L. Leaflets 3-15 mm. wide. Leaflets 7—15 mm. wide, close together. 1. Z. ijumila. Leaflets 3-7 mm. wide. Leaflets distant, 3-6 mm. wide ; scales of male cone wider than high. 2. Z. angustifoUa. Leaflets closer together, 6-7 mm. wide ; scales of male cone scarcely wider than high. 3. Z. tenuis. Leaflets about 2.5 cm. wide. 4. Z. lucayana. 1. Zamia pumila L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1659. 1763. Caudex stout, 2 dm. long or longer, the upper part usually exposed, but sometimes completely buried. Basal scales ovate, acute or acuminate, villous, 2-3 cm. long; petiole silky-villous below, glabrous above; leaves 3-10 dm. long; leaflets 20-50, coriaceous, shining, 5-] 5 cm. long, 7-15 mm. wide, entire, or few- toothed at the obtuse apex, the pairs separated 0.5-2 cm.; peduncles stout, villous-pubescent, 5-10 cm. long; male cone oblong, 5-8 cm. long, 2-2.5 cm. thick, its scales tomentose, broader than high or the lower nearly equally broad and long; ripe female cone ellipsoid, 7-11 cm. long, 5-8 cm. thick, short-tipped, its hexagonal scales tomentose, broader than high; seeds angled, 2-2,5 cm. long. Thickets and woodlands among rocks. Great Bahama, Andros, New Providence : — Florida; Cuba. Bay-rush. 2. Zamia angustifoUa Jacq. Coll. 3: 263. 1789. Caudex slender, 2 dm. long or longer, completely buried in sand. Basal scales broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, densely villous 3-5 cm. long; leaves 2-10 dm. long; leaflets 5-20 pairs, narrowly linear, entire or with a few callous teeth at the obtuse apex, 5-20 cm. long, 3-6 mm. wide, nearly par- allel-margined or slightly tapering to both ends, shining, the pairs distant, those of larger leaves about 2 cm. apart; peduncles villous, those of male cones 5-8 cm. long, those of female cones stouter; male cone oblong-cylindric, 5-7 cm. long, about 2 cm. thick, pointed, its scales oblong, or rotund, hexagonal, tomentose, 6-7 mm. wide, 3-5 mm. high; ripe pistillate cone 8-9 cm. long, about 5 cm. thick, stout-tipped, its scales 2-2.5 cm. wide, about 1.5 cm. high; seeds 2 cm. long, red. In white calcareous sand, Eleuthera : — Cuba. Narrow-leaved Bay-rush. 3. Zamia tenuis Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 846. 1806. Caudex unknown definitely. Leaves 6 dm. long or longer; leaflets 40 or fewer, narrowly linear, 7-17 cm. long, 6-7 mm. wide at or below the middle, tapering to the obtuse, callously 1-several-toothed apex, the pairs separated by 1.5 cm. or less; peduncles pubescent; male cone cylindric, its scales described as subquadrate-hexagonal, tomentose, little broader than high. Bahamas, according to Willdenow and subsequent authors. A leaf from a New Providence plant, communicated by Hon. H. A. Brook, is tentatively referred to this species. A specimen from near Nuevitas, Cuba {Shafer 793), is also referred to it with hesitation. A leaf of the type specimen is figured by Miquel (Linneae 19 : pi. 6). The species may not be distinct from Z. angustifoUa. 4. Zamia lucayana Britton, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 5: 311. 1907. Caudex stout, subfusiform, about 3 dm. long, 1 dm. thick, two thirds buried in the ground. Leaves glabrous, about 1 m. long; petiole obtusely angled, 3^ dm. long; rachis somewhat angled; leaflets about 14 on each side of the rachis, spreading nearly at right angles, 17-21 cm. long, 2-2.7 em. wide, 4-5 cm. apart, linear-oblong, obtuse, or irregularly rounded or subtruncate, and finely sparingly 464 POLYPODIACEAE. toothed at the apex, falcately narrowed at the base, the margins thickened and slightly revolute, the 40-50 nerves closely parallel; fruiting peduncle about 4 cm. long, 1.2 cm. thick below, 2 cm. thick at the top, densely pubescent; fruit- ing cone oblong, puberulent, 7 cm. long, 4 cm. in diameter, its acute conic tip 8 mm. high, its scales oblong, hexagonal, about 1.5 cm. wide and 8 mm. high. Sandy coastal thicket, Clarence Town, Long Island. Endemic. Bahama Bay-rush. Phylum 2. PTERIDOPHYTA. Ferns and Fern-Allies. Plants containing woody and vascular tissues, producing spores asexually, which, on germination, develop small flat mostly green prothallia (gametophyte). On these are borne the reproductive organs, the female known as archegones, the male as antherids. From the fertilization of the egg in the archegone by spermato- zoids produced in the antherid, the asexual phase (sporophyte) of the plant is developed; this phase is represented by an ordinary fern, lycopod, or horsetail. Comprising about 6000 living species, of which more than three fourths are confined to tropical regions. Spores produced in sporanges borne on the leaves, or panicled or in special con- ceptacles. Spores all alike ; Bahama species all terrestrial or epiphytic plants. Order 1. Filicales. Spores of two sizes ; small floating plants. Order 2. Salviniales. Spores produced in sporanges borne in the axils of scale- like leaves. Order 3. Lycopodiales. . Order 1. FILICALES. Spores all of one kind and size, produced in sporanges, which are borne usually in clusters (sori) on the back of a leaf or on greatly modified pinnae. Sporanges borne in sori on the back or the margin of a leaf, opening transversely. Fam. 1. POLYPODIACEAEu Sporanges in spikes or panicles, opening vertically. Fam. 2. Schizaeaceae. Family 1. POLYPODIACEAE R. Br. Fern Family. Ferns of various habit, the rootstocks horizontal and often elongated, or short and erect, the leaves entire, pinnate, pinnatifid or decompound, coiled in vernation, mostly with petioles (stipes). Sporanges borne in clusters (sori) on the lower side or margins of the leaves or their segments, stalked, provided with a vertical ring, opening transversely. Sori with or without a membranous covering (indusium). Prothallium green. About 150 genera and 4,500 species of wide distribution. POLYPODIACEAE. 465 A. Sori confluent, without indusia, covering the under side of leaf-segments ; large pinnate marsh ferns. B. Sori separated, or forming marginal rows on the under side of leaves or of leaf-segments. 1, Sori marginal or submarginal. a, Sori without indusia. Leaves grass-like : venation regularly areolate, with- out included veinlets. Leaves narrow ; venation irregularly areolate, with numerous included veinlets. b. Sori with indusia. Indusia formed of the inrolled margins of leaf- segments. Sori forming a continuous marginal band. Indusia double. Indusia simple. Sori borne on leaf-lobes at the ends of veins. Indusia cup-like at the truncate ends of leaf-segments. 2. Sori dorsal. 1. Sori linear or oblong, more than twice as long as wide. Sori parallel to the midvein of leaf-segments. Sori oblique to the midvein. 2. Sori orbicular or nearly so. a. Sori without indusia. Sori nearly confluent ; leaves much divided, powderv beneath. Sori distinctly separated ; leaves not powdery. Veins free. Veins anastomosing. Leaves pinnatifid. Leaves entire. Small-leaved, climbing ferns. Large-leaved, tufted ferns. b. Sori with indusia (indusia vestigial or wanting in species of Dryoptcris). Sori borne on the backs of veins. Veins copiously anastomosing, the areoles ir- regular. Veins free or, if anastomosing, the areoles regular. Sori borne at the ends of veins ; indusia large, reniform or orbicular. 1. Acrostichum. 2. Vittaria. 3. Paltonium. 4. Pteris. 5. Pycnodoria. 6. Adiantum. 7. Sphenomeris. 8. Blechnum. 9. Asplenium. 10. Pityrogramma. 11. Polypodium. 12. Phlei odium. 13. Phymatodes. 14. Campyloneuron. 15. Tectaria. 16. Dryopteris. 17. Nephrolepis. 1. ACEOSTICHUM L. Sp. PI. 1067. 1753. Swamp-inhabiting, large ferns, with pinnate leaves growing in crowns. Sporanges spread over the whole surface of the leaf-blades, or of the upper segments. Veins forming copious areolae without free veinlets. [Greek, signi- fying a summit row.] A few species, natives of warm temperate and tropical America. Type species: AcrosticJium aureum L. Petiole usually armed with spurs ; venation of the pinnae very oblique to the midrib. 1. A. aureum. Petiole unarmed ; venation not very oblique. 2. A. excelsum. 1. Acrostichum aureum L. Sp. PL 1067. 1753. Rootstoeks stout, erect, often forming large colonies. Leaves 1-3 m. high ; petioles tufted, erect, channelled, often armed with horny spurs ; blades leathery in texture, longer than the petioles; pinnae 10 pairs or more, the venation very oblique ; sporanges usually borne only on the upper pinnae ; segregate of corpuscles covering sporanges not sausage-sliaped. Wet saline soil. North Cat Cay, Great Bahama, Andros, New Providence, Ack- lin's Island, Caicos, Inagua : — Florida ; West Indies. Giant Fern. Leather Fern. 2. Acrostichum excelsum Maxon, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 18: 224. 1905. Acrostichum lomarioides Jenman, Bull. Bot. Dept. Jamaica, 5: 154. 1898. Not Bory, 1853. 466 POLYPODIACEAE. Rootstocks erect, solitary, or in masses. Petioles tufted, unarmed, erect, woody, 1-6.5 dm. long, flattish, channeled; blades leathery, 1-3 m. long, 3-4.5 dm. wide; pinnae 10 pairs or more, close or distant, the venation somewhat oblique to the midvein; sporanges confined to the upper half or third of the leaf -blade, or all segments spore-bearing, or all without spores; segregate of corpuscles covering sporanges sausage-shaped. About fresh-water pools and in sink-holes, Andros, New Providence : — Florida ; Bermuda ; West Indies and continental tropical America. Giant Fern. Young plants collected by Percy Wilson on Cat Island (7186), show that one or the other of these Acrostichums grows on that island. 2. VITTARIA J. E. Smith, Mem. Acad. Turin, 5: 413. 1793. Usually epiphytic ferns with narrowly linear, grass-like, entire leaves, the linear sori continuous in a groove along each margin, without indusia. Lateral veins obscure, forming a row of areoles on each side of the midvein. [Latin, ribbon-like.] About 40 species, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Type species: Pteris lineata L. 1. Vittaria lineata (L.) Sw. in Journ. Bot. Schrad. 1800- : 72. 1801. Pteris lineata L. Sp. PI. 1073. 1853. Leaves usually numerous, drooping, smooth, shining, tufted on trees, 1-9 dm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, the rootstock short, branched, scaly. On palmettos, Andros, New Providence : — Florida ; West Indies and continental tropical America. Grass-fern. Shoestring-fern. 3. PAIiTONIUM Presl, Epim. 156. 1849. Epiphytic ferns, with short-creeping rootstocks and narrow entire leaves, the venation reticulated. Sori linear, submarginal, continuous or interrupted, without indusia. [Greek, like a javelin.] Two known species, the following typical one, the other of southern China. 1. Paltonium lanceolatum (L.) Presl, Epim. 156. 1849. Pterin lanceolata L. Sp. PI. 1073. 1753. Taenitis lanceolata Kaulf. Enum. 130. 1824. Cheilo gramma lanceolata Maxon, Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus. 23: 630. 1901. Eootstock short. Leaves tufted, narrowly linear-oblong, glabrous, sub- coriaceous, 1.5-4 dm. long, 0.8-3 cm. wide, tapering to both ends, entire, the midvein prominent, the lateral venation obscure. Sporanges in a continuous or interrupted marginal row above the middle of the leaf, often only near the apex. On trees in coppices. Great Bahama, Andros, New Providence : — Florida ; Ja- maica : Cuba to St. Thomas ; St. Eustatius ; Guadaloupe to Barbadoes ; Central Amer- ica. Narrow-lea-s-ed Brake. 4. PTERIS L. Sp. PI. 1073. 1753. Large, mostly coarse ferns, growing in open sunny places, with variously divided leaves, and marginal linear continuous sori which occupy a slender or filiform receptacle, connecting the tips of free veins. Indusium double, the outer one conspicuous, membranous, formed of the reflexed margin of the leaf, the inner one delicate and obscure. Stipes continuous vriih the rootstock. [Greek name for f^ns, from the fancied resemblance of their leaves to the wings of birds.] A few species of wide distribution. Type species: Pteris aquilina L. POLYPODIACEAE. 467 1. Pteris caudata L. Sp. PI. 1075. 1753. Fteridium caudatum Maxon, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 23: 631. 1901. Pteris aqiiilina caudata Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 196. 1858. Leaves erect, 1-2 m. tall; blades triangular in outline, 2-4-pinnate; divisions pinnatifid, the ultimate segments narrow, with recurved margins, re- mote from one another, scarcely decurrent on the rachis except near the apex, the larger with 1-12 similar but shorter segments. Pine-lands, scrub-lands and coppices, Abaco, Great Bahama, Andros, New Provi- dence, Cat Island, Crooked Island. North Caicos : — Florida ; Bermuda ; Jamaica ; Cuba : Hispaniola ; Porto Rico ; Montserrat ; continental tropical America. South- ern Bracken. 5. PYCNODORIA Presl. Epim. 101. 1849. Mostly large ferns, the petioles not jointed with the rootstocks, the leaves variously divided. Sori marginal, continuous or nearly so, on a filiform or narrow receptacle connecting the tips of the free veins; indusium simple, membranous, formed by the reflexed margin of the leaf. Sporanges pedicelled, provided with a vertical ring which bursts transversely. [Greek, thick-skinned.] Many species, of warm and tropical regions. Type species: Pteris opaca J. Smith. 1. Pycnodoria longifolia (L.) Britton, Fl. Berm. 418. 1918. Pteris longifolia L. Sp. PI. 1074. 1753. Leaves somewhat spreading; petioles 1.5-3 dm. long, clothed below with pale brown scales; blades simply pinnate, oblong-lanceolate, 3-6 dm. long; pinnae linear, 4-8 mm. wide, entire, sessile; veins close, usually once branched; indusium yellowish brown. In sink-holes. Great Bahama, Andros. New Providence : — Florida : Bermuda ; Jamaica : Cuba ; Hispaniola ; Porto Rico ; St. Thomas ; St. Croix ; St. Kitts ; Guade- loupe ; Dominica : Martinique. In a monstrous form from NichoH's Town, Andros, the pinnae are deeply cut into linear lobes 4 cm. long or less. Long-leu4.ved Brake. 6. ADIANTUM [Tourn.] L. Sp. PI. 1094. 1753. Graceful ferns of rocky hillsides, woods, and ravines, with much divided leaves and short marginal sori borne on the under side of the reflexed and altered portion of the pinnule, which serves as an indusium. Stipes and branches of the leaves slender or filiform, often polished and shining. [Name ancient.] A genus of over 175 species, mostly of tropical America. Type species: Adiantum Capillus-V eneris L. Leaf-segments stalked, cimeate at base. 1. A. tenennn. Leaf-segments sessile, truncate at base. 2. A. melanoleucum._ 1. Adiantum tenerum Sw. Prodr. 135. 1788. Eootstock short, thick. Stipes smooth, nearly black, shining, 1-3 dm. long. Blades 2-4-pinnate, 2-4 dm. long, glabrous; pinnules many, filiform-stalked, subrhombic, membranous, cuneate at the base, dentate or incised above, deli- cately many-veined, jointed with the stalk, 8^25 mm. long; sori few or several, roundish or oblong. In caves, sink-holes and on steps, Abaco, Andros. New Providence, Eleuthera : — Florida ; Jamaica ; Cuba to St. Thomas and St. Croix ; St. Kitts to Tobago : conti- nental tropical America. The fern recorded by Coker as Adiantum CapiJlus-Veneris L., is, apparently, this species. Slender Maiden-hair Fern. 468 POLYPODIACEAE. 2. Adiantum melanoleucum Willd. Sp. PL 5: 443. 19J0. Eootstock short. Stipes slender, smooth, nearly black, shining, 1-3 dm. long. Blades mostly 2-pinnate, sometimes only once pinnate, 1-4 dm. long, glabrous; pinnules usually many, sessile, obliquely oblong, thin, 8-25 mm. long, irregularly toothed or lacerate on the upper and outer margins, the lower margin entire or nearly so; uppermost segments commonly confluent; sori few, oblong or semilinear. In sink-holes, New Providence, Eleuthera : — Florida ; Jamaica ; Cuba ; Hispaniola ; Porto Rico. Dabk Maiden-hair Feen. 7. SPHENOMERIS Maxon, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 144. 1913. Slender mostly small ferns, with creeping rootstocks covered by hair-like scales, the leaves 3-4-pinnately divided into narrow cuneate segments, the veins free. Sori borne solitary on the terminal margins of the segments, the indu- sium cup-like, attached at the base and sides. [Greek, referring to the wedge- shaped leaf -segments.] A few species of tropical and subtropical regions, the following typical. 1. Sphenomeris clavata (L.) Maxon, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 144. 1913. Adiantum clavatum L. Sp. PI. 1096. 1753. Davallia clavata J. E. Smith, Mem. Acad. Turin 5: 415. 1790. Odontosoria clavata J. Smith, Hist. Fil. 264. 1875. Eootstock short, 2-7 cm. long. Leaves often many, glabrous, nearly erect, close together, 1.5-6 dm. long, the smooth straw-colored stipe usually shorter than the much divided blade; leaf -divisions alternate; ultimate-segments 8-15 mm. long, 1-2.5 mm. wide at the truncate apex. In sink-holes, most abundant in pine-lands, rarely on cliffs, Abaco, Great Bahama, Andros, New Providence, Rose Island, Great Guana Cay, Cat Island, Eleuthera : — Florida ; Jamaica ; Cuba. Pine-land Fern, 8. BLECHNUM L. Sp. PI. 1077. 1753. Terrestrial ferns with stout rootstocks and clustered pinnate leaves, the veinlets of the fertile pinnae joined transversely near the base. Sori linear, contiguous, parallel with the midvein of leaf-segments and close to it, the in- dusium membranous. [Greek, tasteless.] Forty species or more, mostly trop- ical in distribution. Type species: Bleclinum orientale L. 1. Bleclinum serrulatum L. C. Eich. Act. Soc. Nat. Paris 1: 114. 1792. Leaves erect, tufted, 3-9 dm. high, rather stiff, the plants often forming large colonies. Blades subcoriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, once pinnate, glabrous; petiole stout, shorter than the blade; pinnae numerous, oblong, linear or oblong- lanceolate, sessile, mostly close together, obtuse or acute, 3-8 cm. long, the upper ones fertile, all incised-serrulate ; veins numerous, delicate, free beyond the sori; sori approximate to the strong midvein, conspicuous; fertile segments narrower than the sterile. Borders of swamps and lagoons, Andros, New Providence : — Florida ; West Indies ; continental tropical America. Maesh Feen. POLYPODIACEAE. 469 9. ASPLENIUM L. Sp. PI. 1078. 1753. Large or small ferns with entire lobecl pinnate, 2-3-pinnate, or pinnatifid leaves, and linear or oblong sori oblique to the midribs or raehises. Leaves mostly uniform. Veins free. Indusia straight or curved, opening toward the midribs. [Ancient Greek name; some species were supposed to be remedies for diseases of the spleen.] A genus of some 400 species, of very wide geographical distribution. Type species: Asiilenium Trichomanes L. 1. Asplenium dentatum L. Sp. PI. 1080. 1753. Petioles tufted, 5-15 cm. long, naked, weak, blackish below. Fertile leaf- blades 5-12 cm. long, with 6-8 pairs of stalked oblong or rhombic pinnae, the lower side truncate with a curve, the outer edge irregularly crenate; sterile leaves similar but with shorter petioles; raohis naked; sori copious. In a cave. New Providence : in a deep sink-hiole, Cat Island : — Florida ; Bermuda ; .Jamaica ; Cuba ; Hispaniola ; Guadelope ; Barbados ; Mexico and Central America. Toothed Spleenwort. Schoepf records observing Asplcnhnn rfiizophyllum L., and A. marinum L., on New Providence in 1784 ; we do not know what ferns he had in mind. 10. PITYROGRAMMA Link, Handb. 3: 19. 1833. Terrestrial ferns, with tufted, mostly bipinnate leaves, usually white- powdery or yellow-powdery on the under side, the sori dorsal, linear along the veins, nearly confluent. Indusia wanting. [Greek, bran-fern, with reference to the powdery under leaf -surfaces.] Ten species, or more, natives of tropical and subtropical regions. Type species: Acrostichum chrysophyllum Sw. 1. Pityrogramma calomelanos (L.) Link, Handb. 3: 19. 1833. Acrostichu7n calomelanos L. Sp. PL 1072. 1753. Gymno gramme calomelanos Kaulf. Enumi. Fil. 76. 1824. Neiirogramme calomelanos Diels in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 1*: 264. 1899. Eootstock short, rather stout, erect or nearly so. Leaves tufted, erect or arching, ovate to ovate-lanceolate in outline, 2-pinnate, 2-8' dm. long, the dark brown shining petiole usually shorter than the blade; rachis dark brown, shining; pinnae lanceolate, acuminate, usually white-pulverulent beneath; pinnules lanceolate, acute or acuminate, dentate or entire, chartaceous, decur- rent, the upper commonly confluent. Sink-hole, Smith Hill Coppice, Andros : — West Indies ; continental tropical America. Silver-fern. 11. POLYPODIUM [Tourn.] L. Sp. PI. 1082. 1753. Pinnate or simple ferns with stipes articulated to the creeping rootstocks. Sori hemispheric, dorsal, in one or more rows on either side of the midribs. Indusium none. Veins free or variously anastomosing. [Greek, in allusion to the knob-like prominences on the rootstocks of some species.] About 350 species, of wide distribution, mostly tropical. Type species: Polypodium vulgare L. Rootstocks slender, wide-creoping, the leaves distant ; sori deeply impressed. 1. P. poli/podioides. Rootstocks thicker, short-creeping, the leaves approximate ; sori superficial, 2. P. squamatum. 470 POLYPODIACEAE. 1. Polypodium polypodioides (L.) Watt, Can. Xat. 11: 158. 1866. Acrostichum polypodioides L. Sp. PI. 1068. 1753. Polypodium incanum Sw. Fl. Ind. Oec. 3: 1645. 1806. Eootstock widely creeping, woody, covered with small brown scales. Stipes densely appressed-scaly, 2.5-10 cm. long; blades oblong-lanceolate in outline, acute, coriaceous, evergreen, 3-15 cm. long, 2.5-4 cm. w^ide, cut very nearly or quite to the rachis into entire, oblong or linear-oblong, obtuse segments, glabrous or nearly so on the upper surface, the lower densely covered with gray unap- pendaged peltate scales with darker centres, as are also the rachises; veins indistinct, usually once forked, connected or free. On trees, especially in coppices, Abaco, Great Bahama, Andros, New Providence, Crooked Island : — southeastern United States ; Jamaica ; Cuba to St. Jan and Trini- dad ; continental tropical America. Gray Polypodx. 2. Polypodium squamatum L. Sp. PI. 1806. 1753. Bootstock stout, creeping, covered with linear, cOiate scales. Stipes scaly, 5-25 cm. long; blades oblong-lanceolate in outline, 2-4 dm. long, 4-10 cm. wide, coriaceous, evergreen, cut nearly or quite to the rachis into entire linear, acute or obtusish segments; rachis and under surface of the leaf- segments densely covered with appressed scales with linear, ciliate appendages; veins hidden. On trees, Conch Sound, Andros : — Jamaica ; Cuba ; Hispaniola ; Porto Rico, Scaly Polypody. la PHLEBODIUM [R. Br.] J. Smith in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4: 58. 1841. Large, mostly epiphytic ferns, with stout creeping chaffy rootstocks, and deeply pinnatifid, rather thick, drooping or spreading leaves, the veins anas- tomosing. Sori dorsal, orbicular, without indusia, mostly in 1 row or more, parallel with the midvein of the leaf -segments, usually borne at the end of a pair of free veinlets. [Greek, referring to the veins.] Perhaps 10 species, trop- ical and subtropical, the following typical. 1. Phlebodium aureum (L ) J. Smith in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4: 59. 1841. Polypodium aureum L. Sp. PI. 1087. 1753. Eootstock short and stout, creeping, densely clothed with linear-lanceolate membranous acuminate scales. iStipe stout, glabrous, 1-2.5 cm. long. Blade once-pinnate, glabrous, pale and glaucescent, 1.5 m. long or less, submem- branous, the lanceolate segments more or less united near the rachis, acuminate, acute or obtusish, 0.7-2 dm. long, reticulate-veined; sori large, mostly in 1 or 2 rows on each side of the midvein. On trees, especially palmettos, Great Bahama. Whale Cay, Andros, New Provi- dence, Eleuthera, Cat Island, Crooked Island : — Florida ; West Indies ; continental tropical America. Recorded by Dolley as Pteris aurea. Sebpext-feex. 13. PHYMATODES Presl, Tent. Pter. 195. 1836. Slender creeping or climbing ferns with elongated rootstocks or stems and simple, short-petioled leaves. Sori dorsal, circular, in 1 or 2 rows on each side of the midvein; indusium wanting. Veins delicate, usually inconspicuous, copiously anastomosing, their ends sometimes enlarged. [Greek, a swelling.] Perhaps 50 species of tropical and subtropical regions. Type species: Poly- podium phymatodes L. POLYPODIACEAE. 471 1. Phymatodes exiguum (Hew.) Underw. Torreya 3: 18. 1903. Polypodium exiguum Hew. Mag. Nat. Hist. II. 2: 458. 1838. Polypodium Sivartzii Baker, in Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. ed 2, 357. 1874. Eootstocks creeping on trees or shrubs, slender, clothed with brown linear- lanceolate scales, simple or branched, sometimes 8 dm. long. Leaves thin, various, linear, oblong, lanceolate or oblanceolate, 5-10 cm. long, 5-15 mm. wide, acute or obtuse at the apex, narrowed at the base into petioles 4—12 mm. long, entire or slightly undulate; sori mostly in 2 rows, one row on each side of the midvein. On tree-trunks in coppices, Andres, New Providence : — Florida ; Jamaica ; Cuba to St. Jan ; St. Croix ; Montserrat. Climbing Polypody. 14. CAMPYLONEURUM Presl, Tent. Pter. isO. 1836. Tufted ferns, with large narrow entire leaves. Sori dorsal, mostly in 1 or 2 rows on each side of the primary veins; indusium none. Primary venation regularly pinnate, the veins connected by nearly parallel veinlets forming regu- lar areoles. [Greek, crooked-nerved.] Twenty species or more, natives of tropical and subtropical regions, the following typical. 1. Campyloneunim Phyllitidis (L.) Presl, Tent. Pter. 190. 1836. Polypodium Phyllitidis L. Sp. PL 1083. 1753. ♦ Eootstock short, stout. Leaves several or many, short-petioled, broadly linear, narrowed to both ends or rarely obtuse at the apex^ 3-10 dm. long, 2-10 em. wide, rather firm in texture, smooth and shining; sori small, often very numerous. On trees and in sink-holes in coppices, Abaco, Great Bahama, Andres, New Providence, Crooked Island : — Florida ; West Indies ; continental tropical America. Strap-fern. 15. TECTARIA Cav. Anales Hist. Nat. 1: 115. 1799. Usually terrestrial ferns, with creeping or horizontal rootstocks, and thin broad lobed, coarsely toothed or pinnate leaves. Sori orbicular, dorsal, borne on the backs of veins. Indusia orbicular to reniform. A^eins copiously anasto- mosing, forming many areolae. [Latin, referring to the indusia.] Over 40 species, natives of tropical and subtropical regions. Type species: Polypodium trifoliatum L. Fully developed leaves not much longer than broad. Basal lobes and usually all lobes of the fully developed leaf long-acuminate ; leaves rather firm in texture. 1. T. Jieracleifolia. At least the basal lobes obtuse, merely acute or rarely acumi- nate ; leaves thin in texture. 2. T. minima. Fully developed leaf 2-3 times as long as broad, the lobes all rounded. 3. T. Amcsiana. 1. Tectaria heracleifolia (Willd.) Underw. Bull. Torr. Club 33: 200. 1906. Aspidium lieracleifolium Willd. Sp. PI. 5: 217. 1810. Rootstock stout, brown-scaly. Leaves 2-10 dm. high; petioles brown, shining, as long as the blades or shorter; blades various in form, rather firm in texture, the finely developed ones broadly triangular, little longer than wide, at least the lower lobes or segments long-acuminate ; less developed leaves ovate, the apex long-acuminate; sori usually many, in 2 more or less complete rows parallel with the lateral veins, 2-2.5 mm. in diameter. Coppices, New Providence : — Florida ; Texas ; West Indies ; continental tropical America. Halberd-fern. 472 POLYPODIACEAE. 2. Tectaria minima Underw. Bull. Torr. Club 33: 199. 1906. Eootstock slender^ short, brown-scaly. Leaves 0.8-4 dm. long; petioles green, or brownish, slender, commonly much longer than the blades, often very slender; blades various, thin, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, but the fully developed ones not much longer than broad, lobed, pinnatifid or sometimes trifoliolate, the basal lobes obtuse, acute or rarely acuminate; sori usually few, scattered, or in 1 or 2 more or less complete rows parallel with the lateral veins, 1-1.5 mm. in diameter. In sink-holes, wells and caves, Abaco, Andros, New Providence, Eleuthera, Cat Island : — Florida ; Cuba. Si\rAi>L Halberd-feex. Recorded by Mrs. Northrop as Tectaria trifoliata (L.) Cav. and by Dolley as Aspidium trifoliatwn Sw. 3. Tectaria Amesiana A. A. Eaton, Bull. Torr. Club 33: 479. 1906. Eootstock short, stout. Leaves 4 dm. long or less; petioles rather slender, about as long as the blades or shorter; blades narrowly ovate or ovate-lanceo- late in outline, rather thin, pinnate-pinnatifid, the segments and lobes obtuse or rounded, the lower 1 to 3 pairs of pinnae short-stalked; sori scattered or in 1 or 2 more or less rows parallel with the venation, 1-1.5 mm. in diameter. Eleuthera, at Gregory Town (Coker 372) ; referred to this species with hesita- tion. Known otherwise only from one station in Florida. Ames' Halbeed-fekn. 16. DRYOPTERIS Adans. Fam. PL 2: 20, 550. 1763. Ferns with simple to 2-3 pinnate or pinnatifid leaves and round sori usually borne on the backs of the veins, the fertile and sterile leaves usually similar. Indusium flattish, ro^ndish-renif orm, superior, fixed by its sinus, or the indusium minute and vestigial or altogether wanting. Stipe continuous, not jointed with the rootstock. Veins free or anastomosing. [Greek, signifying oak-fern, in allusion to the forest habitat of most species.] Species several hundred, of wide distribution. Type species: Polypodium Filix-mas L. Leaves mostly erect ; veins free. Pinnae elongated, linear-lanceolate. 1. D. augescens. Pinnae lanceolate. 2. D. norynalis. Leaves reclining, often rooting at the tip. Stipe and rachis laxly puberulent, many of the hairs simple ; veins with several branches, the basal ones joined. 3. D. reptans. Stipe and rachis closelv stellate-puberulous, nearly or quite de- void of long simple hairs ; veins mostly forked, usually free. 4. D. cordata. 1. Dryopteris augescens (Link) C. Chr. Danske Vidensk, Selsk. Skr. VII. 10-: 182. 1913. Aspidium augescens Link, Fil. Sp. 103. 1841, Rootstock horizontal, rather stout, scaly. Leaves once pinnate, mostly erect, sometimes 1 m. long or longer, lanceolate in outline, the petiole usually shorter than the blade, puberulent and scaly at the base, otherAvise smooth; pinnae many, close together, linear-lanceolate, sessile, often 1.5 dm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, deeply pinnatifid, slender-tipped, more or less pubescent at least beneath, the segments ovate-lanceolate, acute, entire, the lower ones somewhat larger than the others; veins free. Pine-lands, coppices, caves and sink-holes. Great Bahama, Andros, New Provi- dence, Eleuthera : — Florida ; Cuba ; Central America. Reported by Mrs. Northrop as Dryopteris patens (Sw.) Kuntze. 2. Dryopteris normalis C. Chr. Arkiv. Bot. 9: 31. 1910. Rootstock horizontal, slender, scaly. Leaves erect or ascending, once pin- nate, 3-15 dm. long, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate in outline, the petiole usually POLYPODIACEAE. 473 shorter than the blade, puberulent and usually bearing some scales toward the base, otherwise smooth; pinnae usually many, rather close together, sessile, mostly less than 1 dm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, lanceolate, long-tipped, deeply pin- natifid, pubescent beneath, the segments ovate, obtuse or acute, entire, the lower pair somewhat larger than the others; veins free. Pine-lands, coppices, sink-holes and marshes, Abaco, Andros, New Providence, Lignum Vitae Cay, Rose Island. Eleuthera, Cat Ishind, Acklin's Island, Watling's Island. Great Guana Cay, Great Exuma, North Caicos : — Florida; West Indies. Referred to D. patens by Dolley, by Mrs. Northrop and by Coker. Dolley records a fern under the name Aspidium incisum Griseb. ; this name ap- plies to a West Indian Dnjoptcrls not known to inhabit the Bahamas. The record may apply to one of the preceding species. 3. Dryopteris reptaiis (Gmel.) €. Chr. Ind. Fil. 288. 1905. Polypodium reptans Gmel. Syst. 2: 1309. 1791. Goniopteris reptans Presl, Tent. Pter. 182. 1836. Phegopteris reptans D. C. Eaton, Bull. Torr. Club 10: 101. 1883. Rootstock short; ascending or erect. Leaves usually several, reclining or arching, 2.5-9 dm. long, once pinnate, often rooting at the apex and sometimes along the rachis, the slender petioles mostly shorter than the blades; pinnae several or many, oblong to lanceolate, about 4 cm. long or less, pubescent, obtuse or acute at the apex, subtruncate at the base, crenate, sessile or very nearly so ; veins slender; sori commonly few_, borne about midway between the midvein and the margin; indusia vestigial or none. In caves, and sink-holes in coppices," Abaco, Andros, New Providence, Eleuthera, Cat Island : — Florida : West Indies. Recorded by Mrs. Northrop as Dryopteris asplcnioides Baker. Walking Wood-fern. 4. Dryopteris cordata (Fee) Urban,. Symb, Ant. 4: 18. 1903. Phegopteris cordata Fee, Gen. Fil. 241. 1850-52. Aspidium reptans cordata Mett. Asp. 99. 1858. Similar to D. reptans, but usually smaller, and with entire or merely undu- late pinnae, and having the veins usually free. In sink-holes in pine-lands, Andros : — Cuba ; Porto Rico ; recorded from Jamaica. Recorded by Mrs. Northrop as Goniopteris reptans cordata. Dolley records a fern as Aspidium a dianti folium Sw., but there is no such pub- lished species. Schoepf's record of Polypodium pubescens L. was probably based on some species of Dryopteris. 17. NEPHROLEPIS Schott, Gen. Fil. 2^?. 3. 1834. Leaves spreading or pendent, pinnate, elongated; pinnae numerous, ap- proximate, jointed at the base, with whitish dots on the upper surface. Sori round, arising from the apex of the upper branch of a vein, usually near the margin. Veins free. [Greek, referring to the shape of the indusium.] About 12 species, natives of tropical and warm-temperate regions. Type species: Polypodium exaltatum L. Indusia reniform ; leaves 7-20 cm. broad. 1. N. exaltata. Indusia orbicular ; leaves 20-40 cm. broad. 2. N. hiserrata. 1. Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott, Gen. Fil. under pi. 3. 1834. Polypodium exaltatum L. Syst. ed. 10, 1326. 1759. Petioles 7-15 cm. long; leaf -blades 1 m. long or less. ■ Pinnae sessile, lan- ceolate, sometimes crenulate, 2.5-8 cm. long, the upper side auricled at the base, the lower rounded, the rachis nearly naked; sori almost marginal, cov- ered with firm distinctly reniform indusia. In a cave. East Caicos : — Bermuda ; Florida ; West Indies ; continental tropical America ; Old World tropics. Sword-fern. Boston Fern. 31 474 SCHIZAEACEAE. 2. Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Sehott, Gen. Fil. under pJ. 3. 1834. Polypodium hiserratum iSw. in Schrad. Journ. Bot. 1800^: 32. 1801. Similar to the preceding species, the petioles 10-20 cm. long, the leaf- blades up to 1.2 m. long. Pinnae lanceolate, sessile, acute or acuminate, serru- late, crenulate or entire, 10-20 em. long, 10-18 mm. wide, the base subtruncate or auricled on the upper side, rounded on the lower; sori close to the margin, the indusia nearly orbicular. In a cave, East Caicos, with the preceding species : — Florida ; West Indies ; Central America. Swoed Feen. Family 2. SCHIZAEACEAE Reichenb. Ferns of various habit, with simple or pinnate leaves. Sporanges borne in spikes or panicles, on modified leaves or leaf-segments, ovoid, sessile, pro\aded with an apical ring, opening vertically by a longitudinal slit. Several genera and about 100 species, mainly tropical. 1. ANEMIA Sw. Syn. Fil. 6, 155. 1806. Small to medium-sized ferns, mostly with horizontal or creeping rootstocks, the leaves distichous or tufted, pinnatifid or decompound, often dimorphous (the sterile ones quite different from those bearing sporanges). Venation mostly free. Sporanges borne in a single row on the margins of the ultimate segments of fertile pinnae, with or without an indusium. [Greek, wind.] Thirty species or more, of tropical and subtropical America. Type species: Anemia Phyllitidis L. Leaves wholly fertile or wholly sterile. Segments of sterile leaf obovate, cuneate. 1. A. Wrightii. Segments of sterile leaf rhombic-ovate or rhombic-oblong. 2. A. cicutaria. Only the basal segments of the leaf fertile. 3. A. adiantifolia. 1. Anemia Wrightii Baker in Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. 435. 1868. Ornithopteris Wrightii Millsp. Field Col. Mus. Bot. 3: 14. 1903. Eootstock creeping, finely hairy. Leaves membraneous, dimorphous. Sterile leaves 5-12 cm. long, with slender straw-colored stipes 3-7 cm. long, the blade ovate or rhombic-ovate in outline, 2-4 cm. wide, sparingly pilose; pinnae 3 or 4 pairs, ascending, rather distant; ultimate leaf-segments obovate, cuneate, dentate or incised at the apex, or entire. Fertile leaves about twice as long as the sterile ones, their stipes much longer than the panicles of sporanges. In a sink-hole, coppice near Fresh Creek. Andros : — Cuba. A little-collected plant, perhaps not specifically distinct from the following species. Weight's Anemia. 2. Anemia cicutaria Kunze; Spreng. Syst. 4: 31. 1834. Anemia hipinnata Moore, Index Fil. cxvi. 1857. Ornithopteris cicutaria Underw. Mem. Torr. Club 12: 15. 1902. Eootstock short, densely brown-hairy. Leaves membranous, dimorphous. Sterile leaves 1.5 dm. long or less, the slender, straw-colored stipes about as long as the blades or shorter; blades deltoid-ovate in outline, 2-3-pinnate, with 3-7 pairs of pinnae, the ultimate segments rhombic-ovate or rhombic-oblong, dentate or incised above. Fertile leaves much longer than the sterile ones, their stipes longer than the panicles of sporanges. In sink-holes, Abaco, Andros, New Providence : — Cuba ; Yucatan. Pabsley Anemia. MAESILEACEAE. 475 3. Anemia adiantifolia (L.) Sw. Syn. Fil. 157. 1806. Osmunda adiantifolia L. Sp. PI. 1065. 1753. Ornithopteris adiantifolia Bernh. Neiies Journ. Bot. Schrad. 1^: 50, 1806. Eootstock creeping, densely hairy. Leaves distichous, close together, sub- coriaceous, 1.5-8.5 dm. long, 2-4-pinnate, ovate to subpentagonal in outline, the straw-colored stipe usually as long as the blade or longer; pinnae several or numerous, the lower the longer, the ultimate segments commonly close together, deltoid to oblong or ovate, obtuse or acutish, entire or few-toothed, 4-15 mm. long. Fertile leaf like the sterile, but the 2 lower pinnae transformed into panicles of sporanges, which are slender-stalked and erect. In sink-holes and in pine-lands, Abaco, Great Bahama, Andros, New Providence, Eleuthera, Cat Island: — Florida; West Indies; Central America; northern South America. Maiden-hair Akemia. Order 2. SALVINIALES. Aquatic or uliginous herbs with entire or 2-lobed, filiform, or 4-foliolate leaves. Spores of two kinds and sizes (microspores and macrospores) con- tained in sporocarps. Family 1. MARSILEACEAE R. Br. Perennial herbaceous plants rooting in mud, with slender creeping rootstocks and 2- or 4-foliolate or filiform leaves. Asexual propagation con- sisting of sporocarps borne on peduncles which rise from the rootstock near the leaf-stalk or are consolidated with it, containing both macrospores and microspores. The macrospores germinate into prothallia which bear archegonia, while the microspores grow into prothallia bearing antheridia. Three genera and some 45 species of wide distribution. 1. MARSILEA Sp. PL 1099. 1753. Marsh or aquatic plants, the leaves commonly floating on the surface of shallow water, slender-petioled, 4-foliolate. Peduncles shorter than the petioles, arising from their bases or more or less adnate to them. Sporocarps ovoid or bean-shaped, composed of two vertical valves with several transverse compart- ments (sori) in each valve. [Name in honor of Giovanni Marsigli, an Italian botanist, who died about 1804.] About 40 species, widely distributed. Type species: Marsilea quadrifolia L. Leaflets obliquely linear-oblanceolate. 1. M. NasJiii. Leaflets broadly obovate-cuneate. 2. M. vestita. 1. Marsilea Nashii Underwood, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 137. 1906. Plants forming compact dense mats in sandy soil. Stems short, slender, smooth or with a few appressed slender hairs, forming nodes at intervals of 3-10 mm.; leaves rising in clusters from short lateral branches; petioles fili- form, 5-8 cm. long; leaf -divisions narrow, cutlass-shaped, 10-12 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, sparsely covered with white appressed hairs; sporocarps abundant, solitary on short peduncles, compressed-oval, averaging 7X4X2 mm., the raphe ending in a short, straight tooth with a second similar basal tooth 1 mm, beyond, the surfaces covered with appressed hairs, becoming smoother with age; sporangia about 12 pairs, elongate-oval, 4 mm. long by 1 mm. thick, the gelatinous stalk 2.4 cm. long; macrospores about 8-10 in each sporangium, oval; microspores numerous, globose. Smith's Thatch Pond, Inagua. Endemic. Nash's Peppeewort. 476 SELAGINELLACEAE. 2. Marsilea vestita Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. pi. 159. 1831. Eootstock slender. Petioles slender, 5-13 cm. higli; leaflets entire or toothed; sporocarps 4-8 mm. long, 4-6 mm. wide, -with a short raphe, a short and blunt lower tooth and an acute and sometimes curved upper one, densely covered with soft spreading narrow hair-like scales; sori 6-11 in each valve. Wet sandy soil. Acklin's Island and South Caicos : — southern and western United States. The Bahama specimens are sterile and are referred to this species with doubt. Haiey Peppe,rwort. Order 3. LYCOPODIALES. Spores produced in sporanges, which are borne in the axils of scale- like or elongated leaves. Spores all alike. Pam. 1. Psilotaceae. Spores of two kinds. Fam. 2. Selaginellaceae. Family 1. PSILOTACEAE Pritzel. PsiLOTUM Family. Perennial slender terrestrial or epiphytic plants. Sporanges sessile in the axils of the leaves, 2-3-celled, opening by valves at the apex. Spores uniform. Only the following genus, and the monotypic Tmesipteris of Australasia. 1. PSILOTUM Sw. in Schrad. Journ. Bot. 1800^: 109. 1801. Terrestrial or sometimes epiphytic, the stem dichotomously forked. Leaves alternate, reduced to scales. Sporanges 3-celled, opening by 3 valves at the apex. Spores mealy, oval or elongated-reniform. [Greek, referring to the nearly naked stems and branches.] A few species of tropical and subtropical distribution, the following typical. 1. Psilotum nudum (L.) Griseb. Veg. Kar. 130. 1857. Lycopodium nudum L. Sp. PI. 1100. 1753. Psilotum triquetrum Sw. in Schrad Journ. Bot. 1800": 109. 1801. Stems erect, 2-3 dm. tall, or, when in caves or on trees, often pendent, 3-angled at the base, copiously forked above, the ultimate divisions with 3 wing-like angles; leaves remote, awl-like, less than 2 mm. long; sporanges in interrupted spikes. On tree-trunks and in sink-holes. Abaco, New Providence, Andros, Cat Island, Great Exuma : — Florida ; Bermuda ; West Indies ; continental tropical America and Old World tropics. Psilotum. Family 2. SELAGINELLACEAE Underw. Terrestrial, annual or perennial, moss-like plants with branching stems and scale-like leaves, -which are many-ranked and uniform, or 4-ranked and of two types spreading in two planes. Sporanges 1-celled, solitary in the axils of leaves which are so arranged as to form more or less quadrangailar spikes, some containing 4 macrospores (macrosporanges), others contain- ing numerous microspores (microsporanges), which develop into small prothallia, those from the macrospores bearing archegones, those from the microspores antherids. The family consists of the following genus : BEYOPHYTA. 477 1. SELAGINELLA Beauv. Prod. Aetheog. 101. 1805. Characters of family. [Name diminutive of Selago, ancient name of a Lycopodium.] About 600 species, widely distributed, most abundant in trop- ical regions. 1. Selaginella Eatoni Hieron.; Small, Ferns Trop. Florida 67. 1918. Pale green, matted, the slender branches prostrate, 1-4 cm. long, creeping. Leaves in two planes, those of the lower plane ovate to elliptic, spreading, 1.5 mm. long or less, abruptly acute or obtuse, sparingly setaceous-serrulate or entire; those of the upper plane somewhat smaller, lanceolate, acuminate, those subtending sporanges near the ends of the branches lanceolate or ovate- lanceolate, acuminate-aristate; macrospores tubercled, about 0.2 mm. in diameter. Moist shaded rocky situations, Abaco, Andros :— Florida. Eaton's Selaginella. Phylum 3. BRYOPHYTA. Mosses and Liverworts. Small plants, producing minute usually spherical bodies, called spores, in capsules, from which arise a protonema on which are borne the plants bearing archegonia and antheridia, from which the fruit is formed, which in turn bears spores. There are two classes which differ from each other as follows : stems erect or prostrate, having leaves more or less equally developed on all sides ; ealyptra at the apex of the capsule. Class 1. Musci. Stems usually prostrate, with the leaves, when present, un- equally developed on the upper and lower surfaces ; ealyptra at the base of the capsule. Class 2. Hepaticae. Class 1. MUSCI. Mosses. Contributed by Elizabeth G. Britton. Terrestrial, epiphytic, or rarely aquatic plants, showing tAvo distinctly marked but closely connected and continuous phases of growth, or alternate generations, usually having stem, leaves and rhizoids but not true roots; stems arising from a more or less ephemeral protonema, which originates from the spore, forming either a filamentous or thallose growth. Sexual organs borne either apically or laterally on the stem, usually in special buds ; antheridia and archegonia on the same plant or on separate plants ; antheridium containing ciliate sperms ; archegonium a single eg^, after the fer- tilization of which the embryo develops into the fruit, rupturing the walls of the archegonium in its growth; the upper part of the archegonium is carried up by the elongation of the pedicel, forming the ealyptra, which in many mosses covers and protects the capsule while it is developing. Capsule usuallj' with a central axis forming 478 BEYOPHYTA. the columella, around which the spore-sac is developed, usually sep- arated from the walls by air-spaces and chlorophyl-bearing tissue. Capsule splitting regularly by a lid or slits, or breaking irregularly ; when regular, frequently developing teeth around the mouth, form- ing the peristome, which serves in the protecting and scattering of the spores. Order 1. BRYALES. Protonema usually filamentous; calyptra apical; pedicel more or less elongated, apical or lateral; capsule generally with a well-developed lid; peristome present or absent, neck usually with stomata. A. Acrocarpous Mosses: — Main stems erect, simple or branching; capsules terminal on the stems. 1. Plants pale green, almost white, leaves often iridescent; vein wider than the blade of leaf, blade often lacking. Fam, 1. Leucobryaceae. 2. Plants bright or dark green ; vein narrower than the blade of leaf. a. Leaves two-ranked, with the blades duplicated on one side at base. Fam. 2. Fissidentaceae. b. Leaves not two-ranked, blades not duplicated at base, more or less equilateral. * Species onlv known from sterile specimens in the Bahamas. Propagating by gemmae or brood-bodies. Brood-bodies borne in clusters at the summit of longer apical leaves, Calymperes Richardi in Fam. 3. Calymperaceae. Brood-bodies borne on filaments in the axils of the upper leaves. Hyophila and Burhula in Fam. 4. Tortulaceae. Not propagating by gemmae or brood-bodies. Costa thickened and spinose above, ending below the coarsely toothed. apex. S.t/rrhopodon Qaudlchmidii in Fam. 3. Calymperaceae, Costa thick buit not spinose, ending below the minutely toothed apex. Dcsmatodon Garhcri in Fam. 4. Tortulaceae. Costa not thickened nor spinose, ending in the mucronate apex. Trichostomum in Fam. 4. Tortulaceae. ** Species usually fruiting. t Peristome and annulus none. Leaves papillose above with minute papillae. Hymenostomum flavescens in Fam. 4. Tortulaceae. Leaves not papillose. Macromitriitm iitiicronifolium in Fam. 5. Orthotrichaceae. tt Peristome and usually the annulus present. t Peristome single, annulus double. Teeth erect, not twisted. Gtjroweisia Barhula in Fam. 4. Tortulaceae, Teeth inclined, twisted 1-2 times. Tortula agraria in Fam. 4, Tortulaceae. tt Peristome double. Capsule erect, the lid beaked ; teeth erect, not twisted, deeply inserted ; annulus none. Schlotheimia in Fam. 5. Orthotrichaceae. Capsule nodding, lid not beaked : annulus double. 1. Teeth oblique, with apical appendages and united to a disc. Fam. 6. FUxariaceae. 2. Teeth erect, without appendages and not united at apex. Fam. 7. Bryaceae. B. Pleurocarpous Mosses: — Main stems procumbent; capsules terminal or lateral on the branches. 1. Fruit unknown in the Bahamas : Propagating by brood-bodies, borne in clusters in the axils of the leaves. Leaves minutely papillose, with small papillae terminal on each cell. Margins revolute, entire, the vein ending below the apex. Leucodontopsis in Fam. 8. Leucodontaceae. Margins flat, sernilate, the vein ending at apex. PireeUa in Fam. 9. Neckeraceae, Propagating by brittle terminal buds and slender branchlets ; leaves papillose, with several central papillae on each cell. Papillaria in Fam. 10, Meteoriaceae. 2. Fruit on elongated, erect pedicels ; peristome double. a. Capsules erect and symmetric. Stereophyllum in Fam, 11. E> todoxtaceae. LEUCOBRYACEAE. 479 b Capsules horizontal or curved. * Leaves minutely papillose, on the back. Papillae single and central on each cell. HapJochidium in Fam. 12. Leskeaceae. Papillae single and terminal at the end of each cell. Mittenothamniuiih in Fam. 13. IIypxaceae^ Papillae several in a row in the middle of each cell. Taxithelium in Fam. 13. Hypxaceae. ** Leaves not papillose, the cells smooth. t Leaves uniform and regular ; alar cells enlarged. Vein lacking or short and double. Peristome teeth without deep lamellae on the inner surface. Isopterygium in Fam. 13. Hypxaceae. Peristome teeth with deep lamellae, especially at base. SonuiophyUum in Fam. 14. Sematopiiyllaceae. Vein single, ending in the middle of the leaf. Anihlystegium in Fam. 13. Hypxaceae. tt Leaves of two kinds, the lateral shorter and broader ; alar cells not • enlarged. Vesiciilaria in Fam. 13. Hypxaceae. Family 1. LEUCOBRYACEAE C. Muell. White Moss FAiiiLY. Plants perennial, growing in dense pale green cushions; stems medium to large, branching; sometimes fragile and breaking off (thus propagating asexually) ; leaves crowded, vein broad, filling most of the leaf, the green cells of the leaf small, in a single central band between several layers of larger hyaline cells; blade very narrow, sometimes lacking. Pedicels erect, terminal; capsule erect or horizontal, regular or irregular; peristome single, teeth 8 or 16; lid beaked; calyptra cucullate. Nine genera and 229 species are known. (Named in reference to their pale green color.) Leaves four times longer than wide, incurved, apex concave and lanceolate. 1. Leucdbryum. Leaves ten times longer than wide, recurved, apex flat, oblong- apiculate. 2. OctoMepJiantm. 1. LEUCOBRYUM Hampe, Flora 20: 282. 1837. Characters of the family. A genus of 121 species, widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions. [Greek, in reference to the pale color of the plants.] Type species: Leucohryum glaucum (L.) Schimp. 1. Leucobryum albidum (Brid.) Lindb. Oefv. Sv. Yet. Akad. Forh. 20: 403. 1863. Bicranum albidum Brid. Muse. Rec. 2^: 167. 1798. Leucohryum glaucum albidum Cardot, Rev. Bryol. 38: 80. 1911. Plants in dense, pale green cushions^ seldom more than 3 cm. high; stems crowded with branches; leaves numerous at the ends of the branches, incurved and concave when dry, spreading when moist from the base to a narrower con- cave point, 2-4 mm. long, ending in a sharp apex, the basal blades short, form- ing a narrow, colorless border of 3-5 rows of cells ; the vein composed of 2-4 layers of large hexagonal clear cells with a central band of small green quad- randular cells. [Capsule terminal, on a slender pedicel, curved and furrowed when dry; lid beaked; teeth split to the middle; calyptra cucullate.] Only found once, sterile, growing on rotten wood and logs in coppices, Conch Sound, Andros, New Jersey to Florida and Louisiana : — Cuba ; Hispaniola ; Mexico and Guatemala. White Moss. 480 FISSIDENTACEAE. 2. OCTOBLEPHARUM Hedw. Deser. 3: 15. 1791. Plants growing in loose or compact pale-green tufts, vriih dense branching stems. Leaves crowded at the ends of the branches^ usually concave with a broader base and a narrow tapering apex, composed mostly of the broad thick costa which contains a central row of small green triangular cells, and several layers of hyaline cells above and below; the blade of the leaf is reduced to a few^ narrow hyaline cells on the basal margins or lacking. Pedicel short; capsule erect, symmetric, smooth; peristome single, of 8 or 16 lanceolate teeth; lid beaked; calyptra cucullate. [Greek, in reference to the 8 teeth.] Eighteen species have been described, mostly from tropical regions, the following typical. 1. Octoblepharum albidum (L.) Hedw. Descr. 3: 15. 1791. Bryum alhidiim L. Sp. PI. 1118. 1753. Plants in loose, pale yellowish-green cushions; stems brittle; leaves irides- cent, often broken and recurved when dry, up to 6 mm. long by 0.5 mm. wide; tip flat, longer than the base, ending abruptly in a cuspidate apex. Autoicous. Seta erect, 5-7 mm, long; capsule straight, smooth, 1-1.5 mm. long, narrowing to the mouth; teeth 8, entire or perforate; lid beaked; spores rough. On rotten wood and stumps or on palmetto, common in coppices of New Provi- dence [type locality], Andros, Cat Island, Eleuthera and Crooked Island: — Florida and the West Indies. Widely distributed in tropical regions of both hemispheres. Rainbow-moss. Family 2. FISSIDENTACEAE Bruch & Schimp. FissiDENS Family. Small plants, usually gi^owing in moist shady places, on earth or stones. Stems erect or decumbent, simple or sparingly branched ; leaves few, always two-ranked and conduplicate, clasping at base, with a single vein and Avith an apical and dorsal prolongation of the blade especially in the upper leaves, except in Sorapilla. Pedicel terminal at apex of stems or on lateral buds; capsule ovoid or cylindric, straight or curved; calyptra cucullate ; lid conic, often beaked, peristome red, single, of 16 entire or bifid teeth, often thickened at joints and either papillose or spiral at apex. A large family of 4 genera, containing some 570 species, abundant in tem- perate and tropical regions. 1. FISSIDENS Hedw. Fund. 2: 91. 1782. Plants scattered or crowded into dense cushions. Stems becoming de- cumbent when old, with apical or rarely lateral branches ; leaves with duplicate basal blades present, the apical and dorsal blades sometimes lacking or reduced in size in the low^er leaves or in the bracts of the inflorescence; pedicels always exserted, often bent or curved; capsules erect, inclined or rarely curved; walls often thickened with collenchyma cells around the mouth, also the base of the lid; annulus small, often fugacious or lacking; peristome deeply inserted; teeth bifid, usually bright red and forking, with long slender apical divisions, gen- erally quite different from the basal segments of the teeth and often suddenly bent at a sharp angle. [Latin, in reference to the split teeth.] A large genus CALYMPERACEAE. 481 of about 125 species, widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions. Type species: Hypnum bryoides L. Leaves entire, bordered all around, cells smooth. 1. F. monandnis. Leaves serrate, bordered only at base of duplicate blade of upper- most leaves ; cells papillose. 2. F. Oarhcri. Leaves not bordered, margins serrate, cells mamillose. 3. F. rudicans. 1. Fissidens monandrus Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soe. 12: 598. 1869. Plants small, pale-green, erect or decumbent; seldom more than 2-5 mm. high; leaves 4-7 pairs, palmately spreading, and increasing in size upward to 2 mm. long by 0.33 mm. wide, overlapping and narrow at base; margins bordered all around; costa percurrent; cells smooth, somewhat oblique and hexagonal, those of the lower blades larger at base. Autoicous. Pedicel erect, bent at base, 3 to 4 mm. high; capsule straight, seldom more than 1 mm. long; peristome red, paler and spiral at apex; lid beaked; calyptra small; spores smooth. Only known from one collection from a sink-hole, Farringdon Road, New Provi- dence : — Florida ; Cuba and the West Indies to South America. I>iminutive Fissidens. 2. Fissidens Garberi Lesq. & James, Proc. Am. Acad. Arts & Sei. 14: 137. 1879. Plants minute. Stems simple, seldom more than 2-3 mm. high, erect or decumbent; leaves 4-8 pairs, most numerous on the sterile plants, usually all unbordered, except the two uppermost leaves of the fruiting plants which are longer and narrower than the others; vein ending in the acute apex; margins minutely serrate, with acute or truncate teeth; cells dense, with 2-4 small papillae, basal cells larger, papillose only on the outer surface; perichaetial leaves bordered only at the base by an obscure border of 1-3 rows of cells. Dioicious. Pedicel terminal, erect, short, 1-2 mm.; capsule small, 0.6 'to 1 mm. straight; lid beaked; teeth spirally thickened at apex; spores smooth. On rotten wood and rocks in sink-holes, coppices on Farringdon Road, New Providence : — Florida ; Louisiana ; West Indies and South America, Garber's Fissi- dens. 3. Fissidens radicans Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. (II.) 14: 345. 1840. Plants in dense, bright-green cushions. Stems decumbent and- recurved when dry, rarely erect or simple, branching repeatedly, rarely more than 1 cm. high; leaves circinate, often brittle and broken off, 5-10 or rarely 20 pairs, up to 1.5 mm. long by 0.33 mm. wide; vein ending below the acute apex; cells swollen, mamillose on both surfaces above, and only on the outer below. Autoicous; antheridial buds sometimes numerous on the fruiting plants. Pedi- cel slender, erect, 3-4 mm. long; capsule up to 1 mm.; lid beaked; calyptra small, apical; teeth papillose and spiral at apex; spores smooth. On rotten wood in coppices, New Providence and Abaco : — Florida and the West Indies to continental tropical America. Radicant Fissidens. Family 3. CALYMPERACEAE C. Muell. Calymperes Family. Plants usually growdng in dense dark green cushions on trees in shade, seldom fruiting but often propagating by brood-bodies, g-rowing in clusters from the tips of specially modified leaves. Stems mostly erect and sparingly branched. Leaves often crowded at the ends of the branches, erect or spreading, broad and clasping at base, lanceolate or contracted into a spathulate apex; margins entire or serrate, often with a band of elongated 482 CALYMPEEACEAE. submarginal cells, basal cells large, clear, smooth, rectangular; upper cells small, round, often jDapillose. Pedicel terminal, erect usually exserted; calyptra campanulate or eucullate; lid long-beaked; peristome single of 16 short teeth or lacking. A family of mostly tropical mosses, containing 2 genera and about 313 species. Leaves with a sub-marginal border of long narrow cells on the hyaline base. 1. Cahjmperes. Leaves with a thickened or hyaline margin at base, which is often coarsely serrate or double above. 2. Syrrhopodon. 1. CALYMPERES Sw.; Schwaegr. Suppl. T: 333. 1816. Plants in dense mats; stems crowded, simple or branching; leaves curled and twisted when dry, base hyaline, often white and broader than the point, the upper leaves often contracted into a narrow apex, bearing brood-bodies, which serve to propagate the plants when sterile. Dioieous. Calyptra large, covering the capsule, spirally ribbed and often rough at apex; lid beaked; peristome and annulus lacking. [Named in reference to the large calyptra.] About 200 species of tropical distribution. Type species: Calymperes loncho- phyllum Schwaegr. 1. Calymperes Richardi C. Muell. Syn. I, 524. 1849. Plants crowded in dark green mats, showing the white hyaline base of the leaves when dry; leaves up to 3.5 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, tapering to a blunt point; vein stout, ending below the apex, papillose on both surfaces above; submarginal border of 2-3 rows of cells^ extending to apex, not distinct in the hyaline base; margins serrulate above. Dioieous. [Seta short, slightly exserted; calyptra spirally ribbed 2 mm. long, persistent and clasping at base, split above; capsule ovoid, cylindric; peristome and annulus none; lid conic- beaked.] Only known sterile. On stumps in coppice, New Providence, Andros, Abaco and Berry Islands, Great Harbor Cay : — Florida ; West Indies to tropical South America. Richard's Calymperes. 2. SYRRHOPODON Schwaegr. Suppl. 2-: 110. 1824. Plants growing in dense mats, frequently sterile and propagating by brood-bodies. Stems crowded, simple or branching; leaves curled and twisted when dry, crowded at the tips of the branches, with the upper part of the blade dense and often papillose, the lower part lax and translucent ^vith large ree- tanguar cells, the margins of thickened or of a double layer of cells, often coarsely toothed; capsule erect, on a short terminal pedicel; peristome usually present, single; teeth usually entire and papillose; lid beaked; calyptra eucul- late, rough or smooth at apex. [Greek, in reference to the united teeth of the peristome.] About 215 described species, tropical and subtropical. Type species: Syrrliopodon Gardneri Hook. 1. Syrrhopodon Gaudichaudii Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 2: 376. pL 16. 1834. Plants pale yellowish-green, with the white bases of the leaves very con- spicuous. Stems simple or with short crowded branches; leaves curled and twisted at apex, about 2 mm. long; base with 5-6 rows of large rectangular hyaline cells on each side of the vein and the margins bordered by narrower TORTULACEAE. 483 cells; upper part of leaf with small green, obscure and papillose cells, extend- ing a short distance down each side of the hyaline base; margins above with a narrow pale border of 2-3 rows of elongated smooth clear cells, mostly entire except at the spinosely toothed apex; costa also spinose on back toward the apex. Dioicous. [Seta slender, about 5 mm. long; capsule narrow, about 2 mm. long with a slender beaked lid; calyptra cucullate, its tip rough; teeth narrow.] Only a few small sterile plants found at Nicholl's Town, Andros : — Cuba ; Ja- maica ; Porto Rico and Guadeloupe to Brazil. Gaudichaud's Syrrhopodox. Family 4. TORTULACEAE Lindb. ToRTULA Family. Plants scattered or crowded into tufts, sometimes minute and ephem- eral, with indehiscent capsules. Stems simple or branched; leaves usu- ally crowded, sometimes forming rosettes at the apex of the stems, generally twisted wdien dry, lanceolate or oblong and hyaline at base often with a broader and denser apex; vein single, stout usually percuiTent or some- times excurrent into an awn ; margins frequently recurv^ed, entire, crenu- late, or rarelj^ serrulate ; cells longer and smooth at base, smaller and denser or papillose at apex. Heteroicous. Pedicel terminal, more or less exserted and erect ; capsule erect or inclined ; peristome rarely double qr lacking, usually single, of 16 narrow% often bifid teeth, sometimes long and tw^isted with a more or less exserted basal membrane ; lid conic or beaked ; calyptra cucullate; spores small. A large family of 46 genera and about 400 species widely distributed in all parts of the w^orld. Sometimes called POTTIACEAE. A. Fruit on elongated erect pedicels ; capsules erect. Peristome single ; annulus double. Teeth oblique, twisted once or twice. 1. Tortiila. Teeth erect, not twisted. 2. Oijroiveisio. Peristome and annulus none. 3. Hymenostomum. B. Fruit unknown in the Bahamas. Propagating by brood- bodies, borne in the axils of the upper leaves, or the brood-bodies unknown. Upper cells of leaves mamillose on upper surface only. Costa stout, ending below the denticulate apex. 4. HyophUa. Costa tapering to the acuminate apex. 5. Dcsmatodon. Upper cells of leaves papillose on both surfaces. Margins flat or revolute at base, denticulate at apex. 6. Barhula. Margins inrolled, entire. 7. Trichostomum. 1. TORTULA Hedw. Fund. Muse. 2: 92. 1782. Plants of various sizes, sometimes large and stout; usually growing on the ground or on rocks, scattered or in cushions. Stems usually simple, rarely branched; with the leaves often crowded in a rosette at the top of the stem, usually spreading w^hen dry, or twisted, mostly broader above the middle ; mar- gins usually entire; vein single, sometimes excurrent into an awn; basal cells long, clear and smooth, the upper small and dense, generally papillose. Pedicel erect, elongate ; capsule erect, cylindric ; lid usually long-beaked ; calyptra cucullate; peristome single, usually twisted, arising from a basal membrane; teeth 16 or 32, slender, papillose; spores small. [Latin, with reference to the twisted peristome.] A large genus of 186 species widely distributed in all parts of the world. Type species: Bnjum murale L. 484 TOETULACEAE. 1. Tortula agraria Sw. Fl. Ind. Oce. 3: 1763. 1806. Bar'bula agraria Hedw. Muse. Frond. 3: 17. pi. 6. 1792. Plants almost stemless, forming a rosette of basal leaves, not much curled or twisted when dry. Leaves widest above the middle; base oblong, with long, clear, smooth cells; upper cells square, mamillose on the inner surface, smooth on the outer; aj^ex acute; vein stout, ending in a mucronate tip; margins flat, entire or denticulate. Dioicous. Pedicel erect; capsule cylindric, ribbed when dry; annulus double; lid long-beaked, red at base; peristome red, papillose, twisted; teeth 16, long and slender, bifid or trifid with a short basal membrane; calyptra cucullate; spores smooth, small, maturing in spring. One of the most common and widely distributed species, on limestone rocks, New Providence, Abaco, Great Exuma, Great Bahama, Cat Cay, Andros and Berry Islands, Watling's and Ackliu"s Islands, Crooked Island and Fortune Island : — Florida and the West Indies ; Mexico and South America. Common Toktula. 2. GYROWEISIA Sehimp. Syn. (2d ed.) 38. 1876. Plants small, usually growing in depressions of limestone rocks or on old walls in dark green patches, discolored and matted together by fresh-water algae, stems short or acaulescent; leaves dark green, inrolled and twisted when dry, spreading in a rosette when moist, oblong-lingulate, tip acute or obtuse, the vein ending below the apex; margins flat^ crenulate or obscurely toothed at apex; lower cells very thin and longer than the rounded and swollen cells of the apical blade. Dioicous. Pedicel short, erect, terminal; capsule narrow, cylindric; peristome simple, of 16 bifid, jointed and papillose teeth; lid beaked; calyptra cucullate. [Greek, in reference to the large annulus.] A small genus of 14 species, mostly in hilly regions. Type species: Gymnostomum tenue Schrad. 1. Gyroweisia Barbula (Schwaegr.) Paris, Index Bryol. ed. 2:2: 299. 1904. Gymnostomum Bar'bula Schwaegr. Supp. 2-: 77. ^jL 175. 1826. Plants small, in dark green Obscure mats, often sterile and acaulescent; leaves few, recurved, forming a rosette, linear-oblong, about 2 mm. long by 0.25 mm. wide^ usually obtuse and cucullate, sometimes acute; margins crenu- late-toothed, often more coarsely and irregularly so at apex; vein ending below the apex; upper cells rounded and swollen, basal cells longer, very thin and clear on the margins; pedicel short, 4-8 mm., rarely 1 cm.; capsule dark when old, erect, up to 2 mm. long, narrowly cylindric, mouth small; annulus double; calyptra, lid, annulus and peristome often falling off all together; peristome slightly twisted; teeth 16^ brittle, bifid, with 5-6 basal joints, densely papillose when mature; spores brown, small; ripe in spring; calyptra cucullate. On rocks and old walls. New Providence and Abaco : — Florida ; Bermuda ; Cuba ; Jamaica ; Porto Rico ; Brazil. Black-fruited Gyroweisia. 3. HYMENOSTOMUM E. Br. Trans. Linn. Soc. 12: 572. 1818. Plants terrestrial, gregarious. Stems short and simple. Leaves crowded, much curled and twisted when dry, linear-lanceolate; margins entire, inrolled; vein stout, ending in the mucronate apex; cells small and papillose in the upper part of blade, lower ones oblong and smooth. Pedicel erect, mostly exserted; capsule cylindric, straight or bent; lid large, beak short; calyptra cucullate; peristome and annulus absent; mouth closed by a membrane until the spores TOETULACEAE. 485 are ripe. [The name refers to this character.] A small genus of 45 species ■widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions. Type species: Gymnc- stomum microstomum Hedw. 1. HyTnenostomum flavescens E. G. Britton, sp. nov. Plants usually light yellowish-green. Stems short, 3-5 mm. high; leaves 1.5-2 mm. long; apex lanceolate, incurved and cucullate, base broader and hyaline; margins inrolled, entire; vein stout, rough above, ending in the mucro- nate point; lower cells clear and smooth, up to 67 /x, long; upper cells only 8/* long, densely papillose on both surfaces, with 3-4 small papillae. Dioicous. Pedicel slender, 10-15 mm, long, erect; capsule ovoid-cylindric, 1-1.25 mm. long with the beaked lid; calyptra cucullate, twisted; peristome and annulus none, the mouth bordered by 5-6 rows of smaller, denser, quadrate cells; walls thin; spores brown, papillose, ripe in wdnter. New Providence, Eleuthera, Andros, Great Bahama, Abaco and Acklin's Island. Type from Finder's Point, Great Bahama, Britton and Millspaugh 2515. Feb., 1905. Bahama Hymexostomum. 4. HYOPHILA Brid. Bryol. Univ. 1: 760. 1826. Plants dark green, frequently sterile and propagating by brood-bodies borne at the apex of the stems. Leaves linear -lanceolate or oblanceolate, not very crowded; apex obtuse or acute, entire or with a few obscure teeth; vein ending in or below the apex, rarely excurrent; basal cells clear, rectangular, upper cells smaller and papillose, rarely smooth. Dioicous. Pedicel exserted, slender; capsule erect, narrow, cylindric; mouth small; annulus usually present ; peristome none; lid beaked; calyptra cucullate. [Greek, referring to their moisture-loving habit.] A genus of about 80 species, occurring in tropical regions, widely distributed. Type species : HyopMla gymnostomoides Brid. 1. Hyophila Tortula (Schwaegr.) Hampe, Bot. Zeit. 4: 267. 1846. Gymnostomum Tortula Schwaegr. Supp. 2^: 78. pi. 175. 1826. Tortula Donnellii Austin, Bot. Gaz. 3: 31. 1878. Barhula Donnellii Lesq. & James, Man. 128. 1884. Plants often growing on rocks in scattered, low cushions, usually sterile; stems short and simple; leaves inrolled and twisted when dry, up to 2 mm. long by 0.5 mm. broad, lanceolate ; vein stout, brown, ending in the cuspidate apex, smooth or slightly rough on the back; basal cells smooth, oblong, upper cells in transverse rows, hexagonal, mamillose on the inner surface, smooth on the back ; margins sometimes denticulate at apex. Dioicous. Only known sterile, in the Bahamas, propagating by brood-bodies borne on filaments from the axils of the upper leaves. [Pedicel 8-10 mm. long, erect; capsule 2 mm. long, cylindric; mouth bordered by smaller, darker cells; annulus compound, falling with the beaked lid; peristome none; calyptra cucullate and slightly twisted; spores smooth, small.] New Providence and Abaco : — Florida ; West Indies ; Mexico ; Guatemala and South America. Hyophila, 5. DESMATODON Brid. Mant. Muse. 86. 1819. Plants usually in cushions on limestone rocks or in crevices of walls. Stems erect, usually short and simple or forking. Leaves crowded, incurved and twisted when dry, spreading when moist, oblong-lanceolate; apex acute or 486 TOETULACEAE. obtuse; margins entire or serrulate, flat or recurved, sometimes bordered; costa ending below the apex, percurrent or excurrent into a slender awn, papillose on both surfaces; upper cells smooth or papillose; lower cells longer and smooth. Monoicous or dioicous. Pedicel erect ; capsules erect or nodding, ovoid or cylindric; annulus present; peristome single, of 16 short, erect or slightly twisted, papillose, teeth united at base, with a short exserted basal membrane; lid short, conic-beaked; cells oblong; calyptra cucullate; spores rough or smooth. [Latin, in reference to the basal union of the teeth.] A small genus of about 12 species, varying in habit and distribution. Type species : Discranum latifolium Hedw. 1. Desmatodon Garfeeri Lesq. & James, Man. 112. 1884. Plants in dense round cushions, usually fruiting abundantly. Stems simple, up to 1 cm. high with the leaves much twisted when dry and spreading when moist, more crowded at apex of stems, only about 1 mm. long; margins in- curved, entire, crenulate or slightly toothed at apex; vein stout, smooth, ending below the point or percurrent into the cuspidate apex; upper cells irregular, rounded, and projecting on the inner surface, smooth on the back, lower cells larger, clear, oblong and smooth. Dioicous. [Thus far only found sterile asso- ciated with Tortula agraria; but the type specimens from Key West, show an erect pedicel, about 5 mm. long; the calyptra cucullate; the capsule, with the beaked lid, about 2 mm. long, brick-red, cylindric^ the narrow annulus falling in fragments with the lid ; peristome short, deeply inserted ; the teeth papillose, fragile and broken, irregularly split and jointed, with no visible basal mem- brane; spores smooth, pale, ripe in winter.] On limestone rocks in coppice, New Providence : — Key West, Florida ; Yucatan. Gaebeb's Desmatodox. 6. BARBULA Hedw. Fund. Muse. 2: 92. 1782. Plants usually a dirty green or brown color, often growing in muddy places. Stems slender and sparingly branched. Leaves crowded, usually small and narrowly lanceolate, keeled; ^margins recurved, seldom flat; vein stout, per- current, rarely excurrent; cells of the upper part of the leaf dense, papillose on both surfaces; basal cells larger, rectangular and nearly or quite smooth. Dioicous : if sterile often propagating by brood-bodies. Pedicel erect, terminal ; lid conic or beaked; calyptra cucullate; capsule usually erect, cylindric; annu- lus sometimes present; peristome rarely lacking, usually inserted below the rim of the capsule, of 32 slender, twisted, papillose teeth, united by a short basal membrane; spores small. [Latin, diminutive of barba, beard, referring to the peristome.] A large genus of 234 species, widely distributed in tem- perate and subtropical regions. Type species: Bryum unguiculatum Hudson. 1. Barbula Crugeri Sonder; C. Muell. Syn. Muse. 1: 618. 1849. Plants small, in dark brown patches on damp rocks. Stems slender, seldom more than 2 cm. high; leaves curled and twisted when dry, spreading when moist, about 1 mm. long; base oblong, with thin rectangular cells; apex keeled; upper cells minute, dense and papillose; vein stout at base, rough on the back and ending abruptly in the cuspidate apex; margins flat or revolute, entire or rarely denticulate at apex. It has only been found sterile in the Bahamas, but propagates by club-shaped brood-bodies borne in clusters, in the axils of the ORTHOTEICHACEAE. 487 leaves. [Dioicous. Pedicels erect, about 1 cm. long, twisted -when dry; cap- sules up to 1 mm., erect, cylindric; lid beaked; calyptra cucuUate, rough at apex; peristome red, twisted; teeth slender, bifid and papillose, with a short basal membrane; annulus none; spores smooth, small, ripening in summer.] On wet rocks in quarry at Nassau : — Florida ; Louisiana ; Cuba ; Jamaica ; I'orto Rico to Trinidad and South America. Crugek's Babbula. 7. TEICHOSTOMUM Hedw. Fund. 2: 90. 1782. Plants medium-sized, usually crowded. Stems erect, simple or branched. Leaves curled and twisted when dry, larger at base than above, ^^'ith a narrow sharp apex; margins flat or inrolled, entire; vein single, usually percurrent; basal cells oblong and clear; upper cells denser, small and papillose on both surfaces. Pedicel erect, elongate; capsule erect, cylindrio; peristome single; teeth 16, either entire or divided to base, usually papillose; lid conic-beaked; calyptra cucullate. [Greek, in reference to the narrow teeth.] Widely dis- tributed in various temperate and tropical regions. Type species: Weisia cylindrica Bruch. 1. Trichostomum rivale (Mitt.) Jaeg. Adumb. 1: 245. 1871-72. Tortilla rivalis Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soe. 12: 147. 1869. Plants in dense bright green or yellowish cushions. Stems up to 5-10 mm. high, usually simple; leaves crowded, curled and twisted when dry, 2-3 mm. long, base erect, clasping, the tips narrower and spreading when moist; vein smooth, excurrent into the mucronate apex; margins entire, incurved above the middle ; basal cells lax with longer cells on the margins, extending up the blade to the papillose cells of the tip; upper cells densely papillose on both sur- faces. Only found sterile in the Bahamas. Dioicous. [Pedicel yellow, erect, 15-20 mm. long; capsule 2-3 mm. long, erect, cylindric; calyptra cucullate; lid conic-beaked; peristome single, of 16 slender, erect or slightly twisted, papillose, bifid teeth, often disappearing and leaving only a ragged membrane; spores rough, brown, maturing in spring.] Very closely related to Tricho- stomum jamaicense Mitt. On rocks and in pine-barrens, Marsh Harbor, Abaco : — Cuba ; Jamaica and Porto Rico. Rock Trichostomum. Some poor sterile specimens of a Trichostomum were collected in New Provi- dence, by L. J. K. Brace, in June, 1918, Number 9509. The leaves are less papillose than in T. rivale and the plants may represent another species, T. i)ivoliitHm Sull. Family 5. ORTHOTEICHACEAE Bruch & Sehimper. ORTHOTRICHUil FAMILY. Plants growing- in dense dark gi'een mats. Stems erect or creeping, often branching and interlacing; branches short, erect, densely leafy. Leaves curled and twisted when dry, crowded, lanceolate or oblong; costa single, percurrent or excurrent into a mucronate tip; cells dense, small, obscure, smooth or papillose, basal often longer and smooth. Pedicel short, terminal; calyptra large, campanulate, plicate and lacerate at base, smooth, hairy, or rough at apex; lid usually beaked; capsule smooth or ribbed; peristome single or double, seldom lacking. Twelve genera and 824 species, widely distributed. Calyptra plicate, smooth ; peristome lacking. 1. Macromitnum. Calyptra not plicate, rough at apex ; peristome double. 2. Schlotheimia. 488 ORTHOTEICHACEAE. 1. MACROMITEIUM Brid. Mant. Muse. 132. 1819. Plants in dense dark mats, usually on trees. Stems creeping with erect branches; leaves crowded and usually twisted when dry; vein single, percur- rent or excurrent, rarely ending below the apex; margins entire or rarely toothed at apex, not bordered, except occasionally at base; cells small and dense in the upper part of the leaf smooth or papillose, larger and clearer below. Pedicel exserted or rarely immersed, terminal ; capsule erect, ovoid, urn-shaped or cylindric; lid beaked; calyptra campanulate and lacerate at base, smooth or hairy. [Greek, in reference to the large calyptra.] A large genus of 385 species, common in tropical regions of both hemispheres. Type species: ScMotheimia acicularis Brid. 1. Macromitrium mucronifolium (Hook, et Grev.) Schwaegr. Supp. 2-: 61. pi. 170. 1826. Orthotrichum mucronifolium Hook, et Grev.; Brewst. Edinb. Jour. 1: 116. pi. 4. 1824. Plants in dense dark green mats. Stems creeping and matted together by a brown felt of rhizoids, the branches erect, short, seldom more than 2-3 mm. high; leaves spirally twisted when dry, spreading when moist, crowded and numerous, carinate, oblong; apex blunt or sometimes notched; vein ending in a short cuspidate tip; upper cells dense, small, opaque, with thickened swollen walls; base bordered by 3-4 rows of longer and clearer cells. Pedicels erect, about 5 mm. long; capsule about 1 mm., ovoid and tapering at base, with a long neck, slightly ribbed when old; calyptra covering the capsule, ribbed but not hairy; lid beaked; peristome and annulus none; spores nearly smooth. On trees in coppices, Andros and Abaco : — Florida and the West Indies to trop- ical South America. Mucroxate Macromitrium. 2. SCHLOTHEIMIA Brid. Sp. Muse. 2: 16. 1812. Plants in dense dark mats, usually on trees. Stems creeping, with numer- ous crowded and usually short simple branches. Leaves crowded, erect or spreading, often spirally twisted when dry; vein single, stout, percurrent or excurrent; margins usually entire and not bordered; upper cells much thick- ened, usually oblicjue, smooth or rarely papillose, the lower rectangular, less thickened and vertical, smooth. Pedicel exserted or immersed, terminal on the branches; capsule ovoid or cylindric; peristome double, the inner shorter than the outer, often rudimentary; lid beaked; calyptra not ribbed, usually lobed at base, sometimes hairy. [Named for Ernest Schlotheim.] A genus of about 120 species, mostly tropical or subtropical. Type species: Bypnum torquatum Hedw. 1. Schlotheimia Sullivantii C. Muell. Syn. Muse. 1: 756. 1849. Plants in dense wide dark green or brown mats. Stems creeping and densely hairy with brown radicles; branches short, erect, crowded; leaves also densely crowded, 1-1.5 mm. long, oblong-lanceolate; apex blunt; vein end- ing in a short abrupt tip; upper part of the leaf undulate^ the cells thickened and hexagonal, those of the lower part clearer, oblong, not bordered. Pedicel erect, about 5 mm. high; capsule 2-3 mm. long, cylindric, smooth or ribbed when dry; peristome double, deeply inserted, rim of 7-8 rows of cells, annulus none; the outer teeth recurved and papillose, longer than the inner ones; lid FUNARIACEAE. 489 beaked; calyptra glossy, yellow or brown, deeply lobed at base, rough at apex; spores large and rough. On trees and decaying wood in coppice, New Providence : — Florida and Louisiana. SULLIVANT'S SCHLOTHEIMIA. Family 6. FUNARIACEAE C. Muell. FuNARiA Family. Plants usually annual, seldom biennial, sometimes ephemeral and minute or rudimentary. Stems short, erect and seldom branched. Leaves small and narrow, or large and broad ; margins entire or toothed ; vein pres- ent or rarely absent. Pedicel short and immersed, or long and exserted; capsule erect or inclined, symmetric or asymmetric, ovoid or pyriform; annulus large and conspicuous, or undeveloped; calyptra cucullate, often inflated and oblique, rarely lobed or papillose; peristome absent, rudi- mentary or double, its teeth straight or oblique. A family of wide distri- bution, including about 12 genera with some 244 species. 1. FUNAEIA Schreb.; L. Gen. Plant, ed. 8, 2: 760. 1791. Plants usually scattered, rarely crowded. Stems short, simple. Leaves crowded at the summit, usually broadest above the base, entire or serrate; vein ending below the apex, percurrent or excurrent. Pedicel exserted, elongated ; capsule erect or nodding, often pear-shaped; lid flat or apiculate; calyptra much inflated at base, beaked; peristome single, double or rarely lacking. [Latin, in reference to the twisted pedicels.] A large genus of about 100 widely distributed species. Type species: Mnium hygrorrietricum L. Mouth of the capsule oblique; leaves serrate. 1. F.hygrometrica. Mouth of the capsule small ; leaves nearly entire. 2. F. fiaricans. 1. Funaria hygrometrica (L.) Sibth. Fl. Oxon. 288. 1794. Mnium hygrometricum L. Sp. PI. 1110. 1753. Plants bright yellowish-green turning brown. Stems short, simple ; leaves few, erect, appressed around the base of the pedicel, broad and concave, acute or acuminate ; the vein ending in the apex, the margins with swollen teeth ; cells clear, smooth, oblong below, shorter and hexagonal above. Pedicel pale, twisted, variable in length; capsule horizontal or nodding, ribbed when dry, its mouth oblique ; lid bordered with a red rim ; annulus large, double, falling with the lid; peristome double, oblique, the teeth with apical appendages at- tached to a central disc; calyptra large, inflated at base; spores rough, ripen- ing early in spring. On charred earth, Eight Mile Rock, Great Bahama. A cosmopolitan species. COED-MOSS. 2, Funaria flavicans Michx. Ll. Bor. Am. 2: 303. 1803. A smaller plant than the preceding, differing in the fewer leaves, which are entire, the vein ending in a short subulate tip; [the pedicel shorter, the capsule more symmetric, its mouth not oblique; spores a little larger]. Only known from sterile specimens collected in a coppice. Soldier's Road, New Providence : — Bermuda ; southern United States. Palb-greex Funaria. 32 490 BRYACEAE. Family 7. BRYACEAE C. Muell. Bryum Family. Plants usually growing in cushions, rarely scattered. Stems erect, simple or branching near the apex, often slender. Leaves scattered, oi crowded at the summit, variable in shape, from oval to lanceolate, often acuminate and subulate; vein single; margins entire or toothed; cells smooth, generally hexagonal, sometimes longer and narrower on the border and rectangular at the base. Pedicel terminal, erect; capsule erect or nod- ding, generally sj^mmetric with a w^ell-developed neck; calyptra cucullate; lid flat, not beaked ; peristome usually double, rarely single or lacking. A widely distributed family composed of 16 genera with over 950 species most abundant in temperate, alpine and arctic regions. [Greek, meaning a moss.] 1. BRYUM L. Sp. PI. 1115. 1753. Plants usually growing in dense compact cushions, more or less matted with radicles. Stems erect, simple or branching by apical innovations. Leaves more or less crowded at apex, erect, elliptic, ovate or lanceolate, concave; apex acute, obtuse or with the costa percurrent into an awn; margins often bordered, more or less recurved, entire or serrate at apex; cells mostly hex- agonal or rectangular at base. Inflorescence variable, heteroicous, pedicel exserted, erect or bent at apex; capsule nodding or rarely horizontal, usually ovoid or pyriform, with a distinct neck; annulus often large and compound, falling with the blunt lid; peristome double, its teeth usually with a zigzag median line; endostome equalling the teeth, sometimes imperfect or with keeled segments and 2-3 cilia, arising from a basal membrane. A large genus of about 625 species widely distributed from the arctic regions to the tropics in both hemispheres. [Name Greek, a moss.] Type species: Bryum argenteum L. Capsule cvlindric, neck tapering. 1. B. capillare. Capsule pyriform, neck swollen. 2. B. coronatum. 1. Bryum capillare L. Sp. PI. 1586. 1753. Plants growing in rather dense, dark green cushions. Stems short, spar- ingly branched; leaves crowded in a rosette at the apex, curled and twisted when dry, ovate to lanceolate, acuminate, the margins bordered by 1 or 2 rows of narrow cells, entire or slightly toothed near apex; vein ending in the top or excurrent; upper cells hexagonal, basal oblong, smooth. Pedicel long, red, bent at base, paler and twisted above; capsule elongated, nodding; neck distinct; lid small, apiculate; annulus large; peristome brown; teeth paler and papil- lose above; endostome with a basal membrane and appendiculate cilia; spores ripe in spring. On base of palms in sand, a widely distributed and variable species. Great Bahama and Lignum Vitae Cay : — ^Florida ; West Indies ; South America ; also in Europe and Africa. Hair-like Bryum. 2. Bryum coronatum Schwaegr. Suppl. 1-: 103. pi. 71. 1816. Plants gregarious in bright green patches. Stems erect, simple or branch- ing, usually about 1 cm. high ; leaves not crowded, spreading when moist, about 2 mm. long, lanceolate or elliptic, with the vein excurrent into a smooth, subu- late tip; margins bordered by 1 or 2 rows of narrow elongated cells, some- LEUCODONTACEAE. 491 times obscurely toothed near the apex; base forming a long-decurrent wing to the next lower leaf; basal cells oblong; upper cells hexagonal. Dioicous, Pedi- cel erect or bent, about 15 mm. long; capsule nodding, about 2 mm. long, dark red when mature, with a conspicuous swollen neck (like an acorn-cup or a crown, hence the specific name) ; lid falling with the large annulus more or less attached; peristome double; teeth brown; endostome pale, its segments split along the keel, with 2-3 slender appendiculate cilia; spores small, green, ripe in wdnter. In coppice, on dead wood and stones, New Providence, Abaco and Audros : — Florida ; West Indies ; South America ; also in Asia and Africa. Cokoxate Buyum. A doubtful species of Bryum was collected by L. J. K. Brace at the quarry, Nassau, New Providence, in February, IdlS (no. 9984) ; the specimens are sterile and do not seem to a^ree with anything heretofore found. Family S. LEUCODONTACEAE Broth. Leucodon Family. Plants in dense mats or cushions, usually on trees. Stems creeping and rooting, leafless or with rudimentary leaves at the apex of new stems; branches pendent, simple or branching, usually with unequal and irregular branehlets, seldom regularly pinnate or dendroid and circinate. Leaves crowded, often imbricate when dry, spreading when moist, usually ovate, acuminate, entire, or serrate at apex; vein single or double, sometimes lacking; cells smooth or rarely obscurely papillose or projecting at the ends; base with several rows of alar cells, generally transversely elongated or rounded and thickened. Dioicous or autoicous. Pedicels from lateral buds with clasping bracts, short or elongate; capsule ovoid, sometimes ribbed; calyptra cucullate, smooth or hairy; lid conic or beaked; annulus usually present; peristome double, the outer of 16 short pale papillose, bifid or perforate teeth; the endostome of a more or less developed mem- brane with or without keeled segments and cilia. A small family of 9 genera and 69 species, widely distributed in temperate and subtropical regions. 1. LEUCODONTdPSIS Een. & Card. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 32: 177. 1893. Plants slender and creeping on twigs or branches. Primary stems usually closely attached to the bark, with short irregular spreading branches. Leaves crowded, small, erect-appressed on the branches, spreading, longer and more sharply pointed on the tips of the stems; lanceolate, acuminate, carinate and plicate; margins revolute, entire or obscurely toothed at apex; vein single, ending above the middle; upper cells long and narrow, with papillose project- ing cells; alar cells round or quadrate and thickened, in several rows. Dioicous. [Named in reference to its resemblance to Leucodon.'] A small genus of only three species, in all of which the fruit is unknown. Type species: -LeMCodo/iiopsis plicata Een. & Card. 1. Leucodontopsis floridana (Aust.) E. G. Britton, Bryologist 15: 26. 1916. NecTcera {Filotrichella?) floridana Aust. Bot. Gaz. 4: 152. 1879. Leucodontopsis plicata Een. & Card. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 32: 177. 1893. Filotrichella floridana Een. & Card. Eev. Bryol. 19: 11. 1893. Stems leafless except at the apical portions, there bearing small, ovate- lanceolate, acuminate, ecostate, flat-bordered leaves; branches seldom more 492 NECKERACEAE. than 3 em. long, simple or branched, when young more slender and flagellate, with smaller, less crowded leaves, when older with erect-appressed, crowded plicate leaves, up to 1.5 mm. long by 0.33 mm. broad at base; vein usually single, seldom double with a short accessory basal branch; alar cells fewer on one side, up to 8-10 rows, seldom reaching the vein; margins entire, revolute almost to the serrulate apex; cells spindle-shaped, with minute, terminal papil- lae on both surfaces. Flowers and fruit unknown; propagating by small septate brood-bodies borne in axillary clusters. On trees in coppices, New Providence and Andros : — Florida ; Cuba ; Porto Rico ; Costa Rica and Panama. Florida Leucodontopsis. Family 9. NECKERACEAE Schimper. Neckera Family, Plants usually growing on trees with creeping stems and pendent branches, either simple or pinnately decompound, sometimes quite den- droid; branches usually densely leafy, with crowded or imbricate leaves, sometimes in 2-4 ranks. Leaves symmetric or inequilateral, various, cos- tate or ecostate, entire or serrate, smooth or papillose; the perichaetial usually quite different from the others, often surrounding and covering the capsule. Usually dioicous. Pedicel often short and straight, immersed, rarely curved or exserted; capsule ovoid or cylindric; smooth or ribbed; lid conic, beaked; calyptra smooth or hairy; peristome usually double, the inner more or less rudimentary; annulus present or absent. A large family, of 50 genera and several hundred species, of wide temperate and subtropical distribution. 1. PIREELLA Cardot, Eev. Bryol. 40: 17. 1913. [Pirea Cardot, Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 32: 175. 1893. Not Durand, 1888.] iStems creeping, slender and radiculose ; branches erect, 2-4 cm. long, simple or pinnately branched, blunt, or rarely slender and flagellate; leaves crowded, appressed, erect or spreading; stemdeaves ovate, abruptly acuminate, entire, ecostate; branch-leaves lanceolate, acuminate^ entire or serrate at apex; vein thin, wider at base, ending below the apex; cells more or less thickened and porose, linear at base ; alar cells quadrate, shorter and broader w'ith thick walls. Perichaetial leaves, erect, ovate or lanceolate-acuminate, or subulate. Dioicous, often sterile and propagating by brood-bodies. Pedicel exserted, erect, some- what rough above, seldom short or immersed; capsule mostly exserted, calyptra cucullate, hairy; lid small, beaked; mouth small; peristome double, its teeth lanceolate, more or less bifid, smooth, pale or red; endostome hyaline, mem- branous, adherent to the teeth; spores smooth. [Diminutive of Pirea.] A small genus of 10 species, confined to tropical and subtropical regions of North and South America. Type species: Pireella cavifolia Cardot & Herzog. 1. Pireella cymbifdlia (Sull.) Cardot, Rev. Bryol. 40: 17. 1913. Pilotrichum cymhifolium Sull. in A. Gray, Man. ed. 2, 681. 1856. Plants usually growing on trees. Stems slender, creeping and rooting, the terminal growths slender with small acuminate leaves only about 0.5 mm. long, with a short vein and faintly serrate margins^ the alar cells few and rectangu- METEOEIACEAE. 493 lar; branches stouter, usually simple, about 2 cm. long, or pinnately branched, up to 4 cm. long, with short branchlets; leaves crowded, imbricated in 5 ranks, concave and keeled, up to 1.5 mm. long by 0.5 mm. wide; vein narrow, ending in the flat acuminate tip; margins minutely toothed almost to the base; alar cells smaller, dense, rectangular; upper cells linear with projecting or ob- scurely papillose end walls; perichaetial leaves minute, erect, appressed, ecos- tate and narrowly acuminate. Dioicous, the antheridial plants unknown, as well as the fruit; usually propagating by septate brood-bodies, borne in clus- ters at the bases of the leaves. Small depauperate unbranched plants have been found in coppices of New Provi- dence and Abaco : — Florida ; Louisiana ; Cuba ; Jamaica ; Hispaniola ; Virgin Islands to South America. Pieeella. Family 10. METEORIACEAE Fleischer. Meteorium Family. Plants mostly of moist mountain regions, and of tropical and subtrop- ical distribution, usually epiphytic and characterized by their creeping stems and long pendent, simple or rarely branched habit, sometimes very glossy, with distichous leaves ; base usually regular and broad, often auricu- late ; costa single, ending below the apex ; cells smooth or papillose. Usually dioicous. Pedicel immersed or exserted; calyptra small, often hairy; lid generally beaked; peristome double, the inner sometimes perfect with cilia but more often imperfect with a short basal membrane; annulus lacking. A family of mostly tropical mosses with about 10 genera and 327 species. 1. PAPILLAEIA C. Muell. iVngstr. Oefv. K. Sv. Vet.-Ak. Foerh. 33^: 34. 1876. [Neckera Section Papillaria C. Muell. Syn. Muse. 2: 134. 1851.] Plants growing on rocks or trees, usually in dense pale green or dark mats. Stems slender, often pendent or creeping, branching irregularly. Leaves broad and often auricled at base, tapering to an acuminate or subulate tip ; vein single, rarely percurrent or lacking; margins entire or serrulate; basal and median cells sometimes smooth, others usually papillose with several small papillae in the median line of the narrow cells; perichaetial leaves usually longer and narrower, erect. Dioicous. Pedicel exserted or immersed, straight and smooth; capsule immersed or exserted, small and ovoid; calyptra small, cam- panulate, hairy; lid conic-beaked; annulus absent; peristome double; teeth lanceolate and papillose; endostome hyaline and papillose from a short basal membrane, with or without cilia; spores papillose. About 70 species are known, mostly from tropical regions of both hemispheres. [Named in refer- ence to the papillose leaves.] Type species: Neckera capiUaris C. Muell. 1. Papillaria nigrescens (Sw.) Jaeger, Adumb. 1: 169. 1875-76. Hypnum nigrescens Sw. Prodr. 141. 1788. Plants in dark brown mats. Young branches green; stems often 15-20 cm. long, branching pinnately; branches short and irregular, usually simple, and only 1-2 cm. long, but sometimes 4-5 cm. ending in clusters of slender brittle branchlets, which propagate this species. Leaves crowded, erect- 494 EXTODONTACEAE. appressed Trhen dry, spreading when moist, small, up to 1.5 mm. long by 1 mm., broad at the aurided base; vein ending in the middle of the leaf; apex acumi- nate; margins entire, with projecting papillae; cells spindle-shaped with thick walls and 3-4 small papillae; basal cells longer and narrower, smooth and radiating toward the margins, Dioicous. [Perichaetial leaves pale, erect, lanceolate-subulate, plicate but not papillose; seta exserted up to 1 cm. long; capsule ovoid, about 2 mm, long; calyptra pale and hairy; lid beaked; mouth small with a dark rim; peristome pale, papillose; teeth lanceolate with a median line, inner membrane short with pale slender segments, more or less adherent to the teeth; spores brown, mature in summer.] Only known from sterile specimens in the Bahamas. On twigs and trunks of trees in coppice, New Providence : — Florida ; Louisiana ; West Indies and southern California to Panama and South America, Blackish Papillaria. Family 11. ENTODONTACEAE Brothems. ExTODOX Family. Plants growing in glossy flat mats, either on rocks or trees. Stems creeping, usually with simple branches. Leaves spreading or flattened, nsiially crowded; vein single or double, rarely lacking; cells mostly longer than broad; often with the ends thickened and projecting on the back of the leaf, with the alar transversely elongated. Autoicous or dioicous. Pedicel erect, exserted; capsule cylindric, mostly erect and symmetric; lid usually short-beaked; calyptra cucullate, smooth; peristome double, often deeply inserted; teeth longer or shorter than the inner keeled segments, variously thickened; cilia usually lacking; annulus present or absent. A large family, of about 20 genera, w^idely distributed in temperate and trop- ical regions. 1, STEREOPHYLLUM Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. Suppl. 1: 117. 1859. Plants growing in thin flat mats, on rocks or trees. Stems creeping and rooting, with simple irregular branches. Leaves crowded, somewhat flattened and glossy; apex acute or obtuse; vein stout or lacking; margins flat, entire or rarely toothed at apex; base unequal, one side composed entirely of quadrate alar cells; upper cells short or long, often with the thickened end-walls forming minute papillae. Autoicous or rarely dioicous; pedicel elongated; capsule erect to inclined, and unequally ovoid; lid conic-beaked; annulus lacking; peri- stome double, the outer papillose with thickened joints above, the inner nar- rower from a short basal membrane, without cilia. A genus of 61 species, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of both hemispheres. [Greek, in reference to the thick leaves,] Type species: Pterygophyllum indicnm Belang. 1. Stereophyllum radiculosum (Hook.) Mitt. Journ. Linn, Soc, 12: 542. 1869. Bool-eria radicuUsa Hook. Musci. Exot. pi. 51. 1818-1820. Homalia Wrigliiii Sull. in A. Gray, Man. ed. 2, 665. 1856. Plants in fiat bright green mats. Stems matted together by numerous radicles; branches and branchlets with flattened glossy leaves, imbricate and secund when dry, spreading when moist, up to 1,75 mm. long by 0,75 mm. broad, concave with flat serrate margins; vein stout, tapering and ending above EXTODONTACEAE. 495 the middle of the leaf; apex acute; upper cells rhomboidal; alar cells rectan- gular and oblique, only reaching the vein and more numerous on one side of the base; basal radiating and longer, all minutely and distinctly papillose on the back; perichaetial leaves smaller, erect, clasping, more suddenly acuminate. Autoicous; pedicel up to 1 cm. long; calyptra small, entire; capsule horizontal, slightly unequal, 1.5-2 mm. long, its avails with swollen cells; lid large and pale, conic, short-beaked; annulus none, mouth with a dark rim; peristome double, the teeth yellow, paler and papillose at apex, inner with white, perforate keeled segments and shorter slender cilia; spores small and smooth, ripe in winter. On logs and rotten wood, in coppices, New Providence, Abaco, Great Bahama and Lignum Vitae Cay : — Florida ; New Mexico ; Texas ; Cuba ; South America. Family 12. LESKEACEAE Reichb. Leskea Family. Plants small or large. Stems creeping and branching, either irregularly or pinnately; branches short, usually slender and eroAvded with small leaves; vein single; cells papillose on one or both surfaces; branch-leaves smaller than the stem-leaves; rudimentary leaves present. Pedicel erect or inclined; calyptra cucullate; annulus often present; capsule erect or horizontal, usually symmetric, its lid conic or beaked ; peristome double, the inner sometimes shorter and imperfect. About 23 genera, containing some 333 species, widely distributed. 1. HAPLOCLADIUM C. Muell. Xuov. Gioru. Bot. Ital. 3: 11. 1896. Branches slender, simple, not pinnately divided; leaves papillose only on the back, those at base of pedicel erect, longer and paler, [Greek, referring to the simple branches.] A genus of 43 species, natives of America and eastern Asia. Type species: Haplocladium macropilum C. Muell. 1. Haplocladium microphyllum (Sw.) Broth, in E. & P. Nat. Pflf. 229: 1007. 1907. Hypnum microplujllum Sw. Prodr. 142. 1788. Plants dark green or yellow. Stems creeping and rooting, sometimes quite slender and branching irregularly; branches short and simple, erect; leaves crowded, spreading or secund, ovate, acuminate, small, up to 0.5 mm. long, those of the branches smaller and less acuminate than those of the stem; vein excurrent into a long tip; margins minutely toothed; cells small, square or oblong, papillose only on the back; leaves at base of pedicel longer and paler, erect. Pedicel 2-2.5 em. long, slender, erect; capsule 1 mm. long, horizontal and curved; annulus falling with the conic lid; peristome double, the inner with keeled segments and 3 cilia; spores smooth, maturing in summer. On rocks in coppices. New Providence and Great Exuma : — Florida ; Bermuda ; Cuba ; Jamaica ; Porto Kico ; Mexico and South America. Small-lea\'ed Haplo- cladium. 496 HYPNACEAE. Family 13. HYPNACEAE Hampe. Hypnum Family. Plants growing in loose or dense tufts, seldom floating. Stems usually decumbent and rooting, sometimes erect; branches regularly pinnate or irregular. Leaves straight or curved, erect, spreading or secund, usually symmetric; vein either lacking, single or double; cells mostly much longer than wide, smooth or papillose, those of the basal angles often different in shape and size. Pedicel more or less elongated and exserted; capsule mostly horizontal, often curved and unsymmetric; peristome double; its segments keeled ; cilia usually present ; spores small. A large family, widely distributed in all parts of the globe, composed of about 37 genera with over 960 species. Cells of leaves smooth. Vein single, ending in the middle of the leaf. 1, Amhlysteginm. Veins lacking or short and double. Leaves uniform and regular : alar cells enlarged. 2< Isopterygium. Leaves of two kinds, the lateral ones broader and shorter : alar cells not enlarged. 3. Vesicularia. Cells of leaves papillose. Papillae single at the ends of the cells. 4. Mittenothamnium. Papillae several along the middle of the cells. 5. Taxithelium. 1. AMBLYSTEGIUM Bruch & Schimp. Bryol. Eu. 55-56: 1. 1853. Plants usually growing in moist situations. Stems irregularly branched; branches slender ; leaves symmetriCj spreading ; vein single ; cells smooth, not much longer than wide. Pedicel erect, smooth ; cap&ule usually curved ; calyptra eucullate; lid conic; annulus present; peristome double. [Greek, referring to the blunt lid.] A genus of 47 species, widely distributed in America and Europe. Type species: Hypnum riparium L. 1. Amblystegium Sipho (Beauv.) E. G. Britton. Hypnum Sipho Beauv., Prodr. Aetheog. 70. 1805. Amblystegium riparium floridanum Een. & Card. Bot. Gaz. 14: 98. 1889. Plants in thin mats on damp ground in shade. Stems creeping, very slen- der, more or less branched; leaves distant, shrivelled and twisted when dry, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, up to 1 mm. long by 0.4 mm. broad, the mar- gins entire, the vein ending in the middle of the leaf; base narrow; alar cells oblong or square; upper cells 4 times longer than wide; perichaetial leaves erect, pale and faintly veined, with more slender points. Autoicous; pedicel about 1 em. high, red at base, paler above ; capsule short, only about 1 mm. long, horizontal and curved; lid conic; peristome double, yellow; teeth paler at apex, inner segments split along the keel; spores small, smooth, ripe in spring. In sink-hole, Eleuthera : — southern United States. Amblystegium. 2. ISOPTERYGIUM Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 21. 1869. Plants usually rather small. Stems decumbent and irregularly branched; leaves somewhat flattened, small and crowded, usually symmetric; vein short and double or none; pedicel erect; capsule erect or horizontal; lid conic or HYPNACEAE. 497 apiculate; calyptra cueullate; peristome double. [Greek, referring to the sym- metric leaves.] A genus of 168 species, mostly American, in temperate and tropical regions. Type species: Isopterygium planissimum Mitt. 1. Isopterygium micans (Sw.) Cardot, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 4: 10. 1896. Eypnum micans Sw. Adnot. Bot. 175. 1829. Plants growing in dense, glossy, yellowish-green mats. Stems slender, decumbent; branches simple or divided; leaves crowded, spreading, small, 0.85 mm. long by 0.25 mm. wide, ovate, acuminate, faintly serrate; veins short, double, obscure; cells 10 to 15 times longer than wide, a few at basal angles distinctly shorter and broader. Pedicel erect, slender, up to 1 cm. long; cap- sule horizontal, curved, contracted below the mouth when dry, about 1 mm. long; lid conic, slightly apiculate; cilia more or less developed; spores small. On roots of palms and rotten wood in coppices, New Providence, Great Bahama and Abaco: — United States; Bermuda; Cuba; Jamaica. Glossy Isopterygium. 3. VESICULARIA C. Muell. Flora 82: 467. 1896. [HoMALiA Section Vesicularia C. Muell. Syn. 2: 233. 1851.] Plants growing in moist shady places, forming thin mats on the ground. Stems creeping; branches irregularly pinnate, usually short; leaves not crowded, shrunken and twisted when dry, usually flattened and of two kinds, the lateral ones larger and unequal, or falcate^ the upper and lower ones more regular and much narrower, often longer and more acuminate; veins two, short or none; margins often bordered, entire or serrate; cells large and hexagonal, smooth, the alar not enlarged. Autoicous. Pedicels exserted and slender; cap- sules horizontal or nodding, ovoid and contracted below the mouth when dry; annulus present; peristome double; lid flat and beaked; calyptra cueullate; spores small. About ninety species have been described, many with very ob- scure and minute differences. [Named in reference to the large leaf-cells.] Type species: HooTceria Meyeniana Hampe. 1. Vesicularia vesicularis (Schwaegr.) Broth. Pflf. 232-233: 1094. 1908. Eypnum vesicidare Schwaegr. Supp. 2-: 167, pi. 199. 1827. Plants pale or yellowish green. Stems slender and rooting with short ir- regular branches; stem-leaves with long recurved tips up to 1 mm. long, about three times longer than broad; branch-leaves of two kinds, the lateral unsym- metric, shorter and less acuminate^ up to 0.85 mm. and only about twice longer than broad with the cells about twice as long as wide ; the upper and lower ones longer and narrower, with cells about five times longer than broad; leaves all ecostate or faintly bicostate, the margins bordered by one row of narrow cells, either entire or minutely toothed at apex; perichaetial leaves suddenly con- tracted to a slender recurved, entire or serrulate tip. Autoicous. Pedicel slender, 1.5-2 cm. long; capsule nodding, 1-1.5 mm., ovoid, with a distinct neck; walls of swollen inflated cells; lid conic-beaked; annulus large; peristome with a red base, teeth yellow, pale and papillose at apex, lamellate on the in- side; endostome brown, the keeled segments split and papillose; spores small, ripe in winter. On branches and roots of trees in coppices and in sink-holes, New Providence, Eleuthera and Andros : — Florida ; West Indies and South America. Vesicularia. 498 HYPNACEAE. 4. MITTENOTHAMNIUM Hennings, Hedwigia 41: 225. 1902. [MiCROTHAMXiuM Mitt. Joum. Linn. Soc. 12: 21. 1869. Not Naegeli, 1849.] Stems slender, creeping and rooting, usually branelied more or less regu- larly, the branches erect often regularly pinnate; leaves of two kinds, the stem- leaves differing from the branch-leaves in being smaller, more broadly lanceo- late and sharply pointed; vein single or double; margins flat, serrate or serru- late; cells rhombic or linear, smooth or papillose at the ends; alar cells not enlarged. Monoicous, seldom dioicous. Pedicel erect, exserted; capsule erect or inclined, ovoid or cylindric; mouth wide,, annulus usually present; lid beaked; calyptra cucullate^ smooth or hairy; peristome double, its segments split along the keel, with 1-3 cilia; spores small. A genus of about 106 species, growing on rocks and trees, mostly in tropical regions. [Named in honor of William Mitten, 1819-1906, eminent British bryologist.] Type species: Hypnum thelistegum C. Muell. 1. Mittenothamnium diminutivum (Hpe.) E. G. Britton, Bryol. 17: 9. 1914. Hypnum diminutivum Hampe, Linnaea 20': 86. 1847. Plants growing in flat mats. Stems slender^, branching irregularly, the branches short, seldom more than 5 mm. long; leaves spreading when dry, minute, up to 0.75 mm. long by 0.33 mm. broad, ovate, acuminate, minutely serrulate; veins 2, short; alar cells not enlarged; upper cells linear, 8 times longer than wide, sharply papillose on the back; perichaetial leaves pale, long- pointed with lax smooth cells. Autoicous. Pedicel up to 15 mm. long, slender and red; capsule nodding, usually 1 mm. long; lid blunt; annulus narrow; peristome double ; teeth red at base, finely striate ; keeled segments perforate and papillose, paler at apex; cilia 2; spores minute, ripe in summer. On stems and rotten or charred wood in coppices. New Providence. Great Ba- hama and Abaco : — Florida : West Indies ; Mexico to South America. Diminuti\'E MiTTEX'S-MOSS. 5. TAXITHELITJM Spruce, Cat. 14. 1867. Plants in thin pale mats. Stems flattened, with appressed leaves; simple or branching, more or less regularly and distantly pinnate, with short branches ; leaves crowded, concave, with a narrow, somewhat auriculate base; veins short and double or absent; margins entire or serrulate; cells long and narrow, either with several small papillae or with conspicuous branching projecting ones; alar cells smooth, shorter and broader, the basal often elliptic. Autoicous or dioicous. Pedicel smooth, elongate; capsule horizontal^ or nodding, slightly curved; lid blunt; calyptra cucullate; peristome double, the teeth paler at apex and lamellate on the inner surface; endostome narrow; cilia single. [Named in reference to the numerous papillae on the leaves.] A genus of 99 species, widely distributed in tropical regions of both hemispheres. Type species: Hypnum planum Brid. 1. Taxithelium planum (Brid.) Spruce, Cat. 14. 1867. Hypnum planum Brid. Spec, Muse. 2: 97. 1812. Plants in yellowish-green thin mats in shade. Stems creeping and rooting, with short branches, seldom more than 1 cm. long; leaves glossy and flattened, concave and acuminate, about 0.6 mm. long by 0.4 mm, wide; base narrower SEMATOPHYLLACEAE. 499 and clasping with smooth enlarged, yellow cells at angles; cells long and nar- row with numerous small papillae; margins minutely and sharply toothed nearly to the base; veins short or none. Autoicous; perichaetial leaver Tiar- rower and more acuminate, with smooth lax cells; pedicel up to 15 mm. long, slender; capsule about 1.5 mm. long^ horizontal, strongly contracted below the mouth when dry; lid blunt; neck distinct; peristome pale yellow, its teeth stri- ate at base, pale and papillose at apex, deeply lamellate at base within ; keeled segments slender, pointed; cilia 1 or 2, seldom perfect; spores small, smooth, yellow, ripe in winter. On the ground in coppice, New Providence : — Florida ; West Indies ; Mexico to South America. Flat Taxithelium. Family 14. SEMATOPHYLLACEAE Brotherus. Sematophyllum Family. Plants usually formins: dense tufts. Stems creeping; branches erect, irregular and unequal, sometimes pinnate; leaves small, crowded, often secund; veins short, double or lacking; cells usually much longer than wide, smooth or papillose, those of the basal angles often larger, inflated or square. Pedicel erect; capsule usually horizontal, without an annulus; calyptra cucullate; lid usually with a long slender beak; peristome double. Twelve genera and 448 species widely distributed in tropical regions. 1. SEMATOPHYLLUM Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soe. 8: 5. 1864. iStems rarely pinnate with the branches usually short and crowded. Leaves secund or spreading^ faintly bicostate or ecostate^ with the cells all smooth, the alar cells enlarged, often vesicular; margins entire or minutely serrulate; pedicels long or short ; capsule with the lid long-beaked, often equaling the urn; teeth deeply lamellate inside, sometimes with minute projections on the outside, either with a zigzag median line or a deep central groove; endostome with the keeled segments more or less perforate and the cilia one or two, usu- ally shorter, often papillose. A large genus of 314 species, mostly from trop- ical America. [Greek, in reference to the pointed leaves.] Type species: Kypnum suhstnnnulosum Hampe. Leaves recurved when dry : perichaetial leaves longer, entire or subserrulate ; peri- stome-teeth not deeply grooved, with a zigzag median line. Leaf-cells rhom'boid, 3-5 times longer than wide. 1. 8. suhpinnatum. Leaf-cells linear, 8^10 times longer than wide. 2. S. admistum. Leaves spreading when dry ; perichaetial leaves shorter and serrate ; peristome-teeth deeply grooved on the median line. 3. S. seridfolium. 1. Sematophyllum subpinnatum (Brid.) E. G. Britton, Bryol. 21: 28. 1918. Lesl~ea suhpinnata Brid. Sp. Muse. 2: 54. 1812. Plants growing in bright or yellowish green cushions, usually on wood. Stems creeping and rooting, irregularly pinnate, with ascending, more or less circinate, simple branches; leaves crowded, recurved or secund when dry, spreading when moist, with recurved tips and revolute margins, seldom reach- ing 1 mm. in length by 0.4 mm. wide, concave, with flat or revolute, entire mar- gins ; apex acute or short-acuminate; veins short and double, obscure or none; basal angles with 3-4 rows of square cells and a few larger inflated alar cells; upper cells rhomboid, about 3-5 times longer than wide; perichaetial leaves 500 SEMATOPHYLLACEAE. longer, up to 1.32 mm., erect and clasping, more acuminate, entire or finely subserrulate, ecostate with larger basal cells. Autoicous. Pedicel short, only 5 mm. ; capsTile l-l.o mm., erect or slightly inclined ; neck distinct ; lid with a long beak equalling the urn; peristome short and teeth yellow, with deep basal lamellae on the inside, dark basal segments, paler and papillose points; median line not deeply grooved ; endostome with narrow pale papillose keeled segments, which are not perforate, and the cilia often absent; spores smooth, ripe in winter. .j On rotten wood and twigs in coppice, New Providence : — Florida ; Mississippi ; Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola ; Porto Rico to Trinidad; Mexico to Brazil. Subpixnate Sematophyllum. 2. Sematophyllum admistum (Sull.) Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soe. 12: 485. 1869. Hypnum admistum Sull. Proc. Am. Acad. 5: 289. 1861. Plants small, yellowish-green, glossy. Stems short, creeping; branches erect; leaves crowded, recurved at apex of stems and all more or less secund when dry, spreading when moist, up to 1 mm. long by 0.3 mm. wide, concave and acuminate with flat or slightly revolute, entire or sub-serrulate margins; veins 2, short or none; cells eight times longer than wide, those of the basal angles square wdth 2-3 alar cells enlarged and hyaline; perichaetial leaves longer, up to 1.33 mm., more acuminate, entire, or subserrulate at apex. Autoi- cous; pedicel bent at base, up to 7 mm. long; capsule 1-1.5 mm. long, hori- zontal or curved, ovoid and contracted below the mouth when dry; calyptra cucullate; lid pale, long-beaked; peristome double, its teeth with short projec- tions on the outer surface and deep ones on the inner, paler and papillose at apex; median line zigzag, not deeply grooved; endostome pale, with 1-2 cilia; spores smooth, ripe in summer. Common, in dense cusliions on rotten wood in coppices, also on palmettov New Providence, Abaco, Andros, Great Bahama and Watling's Island : — ^Plorida ; Cuba ; Jamaica ; Porto Rico ; Virgin Islands to Brazil. Shining Sematophyllum. 3. Sematophyllum sericifolium Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 483. 1869. Plants in thin glossy patches on rotten wood. Stems short and slender; branches erect; leaves crowded, not secund, spreading when moist, up to 1 mm. long and only 0.2 mm. wide at base, sharply pointed and mucronate, with in- rolled entire margins, and large curved inflated alar cells; ecostate; the cells linear, about 10 times longer than wide; perichaetial leaves shorter, up to 0.85 mm. long, clearly serrate and sometimes suddenly subulate and coarsely toothed at the shoulder. Autoicous; pedicel short, only 5-8 mm. long, slender, curved; capsule erect or slightly inclined, ovoid; lid with a long slender beak; calyptra covering only the beak; walls of collenchyma cells; mouth bordered by red cells; peristome double, the teeth with a deep outer median groove, yellow and striate, paler and papillose at apex, within with deep lamellae extending almost to the apex; endostome papillose with 2 slender eilja; spores rough, small, ripe in spring. A few plants were collected at Nicholl's Town, Andros, by J. I. and A. R. Nor- throp in 1890 : — Cuba ; Jamaica ; Hispaniola ; Porto Rico ; Virgin Islands to Grenada. Glossy Sematophyllum. Class 2. HEPATIOAE. Liverworts. Contributed by Professor Alexander W. Evans. Terrestrial, epiphytic, or rarely aquatic plants, showing a dis- tinct alternation of generations, the gametophyte existing as an in- HEPATICAE. 501 dependent individual, the very different sporophyte partially or wholly parasitic on the gametophyte. Gametophyte dorsiventral, consisting of a thallus or more or less differentiated into stem and leaves, attached to the substratum by means of rhizoids (true roots none), growing by means of an apical cell. Sexual organs borne on the upper surface of the gametophyte or terminal on more or less differentiated branches. Fertilized egg developing directly into the sporophyte, the wall of the venter of the archegonium usually de- veloping into a protective cover, or calyptra, which is not ruptured until the sporophj^te is nearly mature. Sporophyte consisting of a capsule only or differentiated into a capsule (spore-bearing organ), a stalk or a growing region, and a foot (absorbing organ). Capsule consisting of a wall of sterile cells and a spore-sac, the latter some- times with a median sterile portion (columella), dehiscing irregu- larly or by means of a lid or of longitudinal splits ; spore-sac con- taining spores onl}^ or spores and elaters, the latter consisting of sterile cells, often elongated and usually developing spiral bands of thickening on their walls. Gametophyte a thallus or leafy shoot. Chloroplasts minute, many in each cell. Capsule short, spherical to oval, without a columella, borne on a translucent stalk. Gametophyte a thick and fleshy thallus. usually pale and differentiated into dis- tinct tissues, rarely deep green and succulent ; green tissue usually with air- spaces. Capsule splitting irregularly or by means of a lid. Order 1. Marchantiales. Gametophyte a delicate thallus or a leafy shoot ; tissue differentiation slight : air-spaces not pres- ent. Capsule splitting into four longitudinal valves. Order 2. Juxgermanniales. Gametophyte a thick and fleshy thallus, dark green and succulent, tissue differentiation slight. Chloro- plasts large, usually borne singly. Capsule long, cylindrical, with a basal growing region, splitting into two longitudinal valves. Order 3. Axthocerotales. Order 1. MARCHANTIALES. Gametophyte a prostrate, strap-shaped, dorsiventral thallus, growing apically, branching diehotomonsly or from the ventral surface of the median portion, and showing a distinct differentiation into tissues, the green tissue usually with air-spaces. Ventral scales more or less distinct. Rhi- zoids of two kinds, the one with smooth walls, the other with interior peg- like papillae. Antheridia in deep depressions on the upper surface of the thallus, sometimes scattered, sometimes grouped together in more or less definite, sessile or stalked receptacles. Archegonia similar in position but, when borne on stalked receptacles (carpocephala), becoming displaced to the lower surface through intercalary growth. Sporophyte a capsule only or differentiated into capsule, stalk, and foot; elaters (or other sterile cells) usually present in the capsule. Sporophyte consisting of a capsule only. Fam. 1. Ricciaceae. Sporophyte differentiated into capsule, stalk and foot. Fam. 2. Marchantiaceae. 502 EICCIACEAE. Family 1. EICCIACEAE Dumort.* RicciA Family. Gametophj^te terricolous or aquatic, annual or perennial, once to sev- eral times clicbotomous, often forming rosettes, half -rosettes, or fiabellif orm expansions. Stomata wanting or rudimentary in Riccia, well developed in Oxymitra, moderately well developed in Ricciocarpus. Ventral scales usually obvious. Antberidia and arcbegonia arising singly from tbe dorsal surface just back of tbe growing apex, soon becoming deeply immersed in tbe tballus. Sporopbyte a capsule, witbout foot or seta, enclosed by tbe calyptra, in which tbe spores come to lie at maturity through tbe disappearance of tbe capsule wall. Inner cells all producing spores or {Oxymitra) an incon- spicuous few of them remaining sterile ; spores separating at or before ma- turity, tbe separate spores large, subspberic or more commonly more or less tetrabedral, with a rounded outer face and plane inner faces, tbe sur- faces marked with free or most frequently mesh-forming ridges, or simply with spines, tbe angles of the areolae often with papilliform elevations, tbe inner (plane) faces usually less strongly marked than tbe outer. 1. RICCIA [Micheli] L. Sp. PI. 1138. 1753. [RicciELLA A. Br. Flora 4: 756. 1821.] Gametophyte terricolous or rarely aquatic, usually several times dicho- tomously branched. Assimilatory layer consisting of vertical or subvertical columns of cells bounding very narrow air-canals, or consisting of larger poly- hedral or subclavate chambers bounded by unistratose lamellae. Stomata represented by very inconspicuous pores bounded by unmodified or only very slightly modified epidermal cells. Latero-ventral scales hyaline-albescent, brownish, violet, or dark purple, rarely surpassing the margins of the thallus, sometimes apparently wanting. Antheridia and archegonia scattered, the an- tberidia irregularly intermingled with the archegonia in the monoecious species, with occasional tendencies to segregation, both destitute of a special involucre. Sporophyte-wall unistratose throughout, soon disintegrated. Spores separating at or before maturity. Accessory sterile cells wanting. [Commemorates P. F. Eicci, a Florentine senator and patron of science.] A genus of 130 or more species, of temperate and tropical distribution. Type species: Riccia crystal- Una L. Thallus margins and sides green or occasionally tinged with red-purple ; dorsal sur- face vesicular-areolate, becoming spongiose or lacunose-alveolate ; spores distinctly angled and wing-margined. 1. R. cri/stallina. Thallus margins and sides dark violet or blackish ; dorsal sur- face rather obscurely and finely reticulate, remaining firm and intact ; spores obscurely angled, destitute of wing margins. 2. R. violacea. 1. Riccia crystallina L. Sp. PI. 1138. 1753. Thalli small to moderately large, 2-6 times dichotomous, forming rosettes 5-20 mm. (rarely 30 mm.) in diameter, or soon irregularly gregarious, usually a light crystalline green, occasionally dark green or now and then tinged with * Contributed by Dr. Marshall A. Howe. MARCHANTTACEAE. 503 red-piirple or brownish red, concolorous below, the dorsal surface vesieular- areolate, soon becoming spongiose or lacunose-alveolate; main fc-egments 1-2.5 mm. wide; margins obtuse or subacute, naked; scales wanting or rudimentary; transverse sections mostly 2-4 times as broad as high ; dorsal epidermis soon indeterminate, the cells of the primary stratum subspheric, ellipsoidal or papilli- form, irregularly collapsing or subpersistent, they or their successors finally 40-110/U. in maximum diameter; air-chambers elongate-polyhedral, separated by unistratose lamellae; monoecious (rarely dioecious?); autheridial ostioles elevated 75-250 m; spores at first yellowish brown, soon darkening and often nearly opaque, 60-110 ^u in maximum diameter, distinctly angular, with a mar- gin mostly 3-10 /i wide, the outer face marked with somewhat imperfectly formed areolae usually 10-30 /a wide or those in the middle sometimes larger (30-45 ju) and enclosing a free-ending spur or an isolated tubercle, the inner faces with tubercles, short, free irregular ridges, or sometimes with imperfect areolae, the older spores commonly tuberculate-papillate in profile. On wet grounds and in sink-holes, Great Bahama and Exuma Chain : — Vermont to Alberta, Lower California and Trinidad ; Europe, Crystalline Riccia. 2. Riccia violacea M. A. Howe, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2: 51. 1915. Thallus small, 1.5-4 mm. long, simple or 1-3 times dichotomous, irregularly gregarious, rather obscurely and finely reticulate and dark green above, dark violet or blackish at margins and on sides; main segments 0.6-1.15 mm. wide; margins obtuse or rounded, commonly erect-connivent or inflexed on drying, bearing especially toward the apex and often low on the sides numerous or occasional violet or sometimes hyaline conic or subcylindric acute or obtuse papillae 20-110 /* long and 25-45 /i broad at base; scales very short or rudi- mentary, dark violet, rarely overlapping, commonly divided into a series of small irregular often tooth-like laciniae^, each consisting of only a few cells ; transverse sections 1.5-2 times as broad as high; dioecious (?); antheridial ostioles elevated 20-150 /x^ often violet; spores soon fuscous and very opaque, 80-105^ in maximum diameter, obscurely angled or flattened-sphaeroid, desti- tute of wing margins^ finely, irregularly, indistinctly, and almost uniformly areolate over whole surface, the areolae 7-11 ^i wide, soon very obscure and the spores appearing minutely and densely verruculose. On moist ground, Eleuthera : — Mona Island ; Porto Rico ; Cuba ; and northern Mexico. Violet Riccia. Family 2. MARCHANTIACEAE Corda. Marchaxtia Family. Thallus (except in Dumortiera) with a distinct dorsal layer of air- chambers, communicating -with the outside air by means of epidermal pores. Ventral scales in two (or more) longitudinal rows. Antheridia and arcbe- gonia borne on more or less definite receptacles; antheridial receptacles discoid, sessile or stalked; carpocephala discoid, invariably stalked, the stalk sometimes with one or two rhizoid-furrows. Sporopbyte differen- tiated into a capsule, stalk and foot, the capsule forced through the calyptra at maturity by the elongating stalk and dehiscing irregularly or by means of a more or less distinct lid; elaters present in the capsule. Gemmae discoid, present in two genera. About 25 genera and 200 species, widely distributed, especially in warm regions. 1. MARCHANTIA [Marchant f.] L. Sp. PI. 1137. 1753. Thallus branching dichotomously. Air-chambers with distinct boundaries, forming a single layer; green cells in short, simple or branched filaments rising 504 JUNGEEMANNIACEAE. from the floors of the chambers., the filaments mostly three or four cells long; epidermal pores bounded by several superimposed layers, each usually composed of four cells. Ventral scales variable, some divided into a basal portion and an appendage. Inflorescence dioecious. Antheridial receptacle terminal on a thallus-branch, flat or slightly convex, more or less lobed, borne on a somewhat elongated stalk with two rhizoid-furrows. Carpocephalum arising from the ex- tremity of a thallus-branch, composed of a flat or convex central portion from which four to ten rays spread out, often unsymmetrically, the rays terete or flat; stalk \\-ith two or four rhizoid-furrows; archegonia (and sporophytes) in radiating groups between the lobes, each group enclosed by a membranous involucre consisting of two folds with fringed margins; pseudoperianth (around each sporophyte) tubular, membranous, with an open, irregularly cleft mouth. Capsule without a lid, splitting into from four to eight irregular teeth; cells of wall with ring-like thickenings. Gemmae discoid, several cells thick in the middle and with the growing points, borne in circular, cup-like conceptacles. [In honor of Mcholas Marchant, director of the ducal garden at Blois, died 1678.] About fifty species, mostly tropical. Type species: Marckantia polymorpha L. 1. Marchantia domingensis Lehm. & Lindenb. Pug. 6: 22. 1834. Thallus pale to dark green, mostly 2-3 em. long and 4-6 mm. wide, flat or slightly furrowed, sinuate along the margin. Ventral scales more or less pig- mented, in two longitudinal rows on each side of the middle, those of the inner row with broadly lanceolate to ovate, toothed appendages; antheridial recep- tacle deeply lobed, the lobes mostly four to six, palmately spreading; carpo- cephalum deeply rayed, the rays mostly seven, not cylindrical; spores spherical about 28 /u. in diameter, with low irregular ridges; elaters bispiral; gemmae- conceptacles closely short-ciliate. Along a drain, Fort Charlotte, New Providence: — southern United States ; West Indies ; Mexico ; Central America and Venezuela. Previously listed from the Ba- hamas as M. chenopoda L. Saxto Domingo Marchantia. Order 2. JUNGERMANNIALES. Gametophyte a prostrate, strap-shaped, dorsiventral thallus or more or less clearly differentiated into stem and leaves, showing slight tissue differ- entiation, destitute of air-spaces. Rhizoids all with smooth walls. An- theridia in deep depressions or superficial and usually protected by scales or leaves, sometimes scattered, sometimes grouped together in more or less definite receptacles or androecia. Archegonia superficial but usually more or less protected by scales or leaves. Sporophyte differentiated into cap- sule, stalk, and foot, the capsule splitting irregularly at maturity or more commonly into four equal valves; elaters always present. Family 1. JUNGERMANNIACEAE Dumort. JUNGERMANXIA FAMILY. Plant body usually prostrate or ascending, dorsiventral, differentiated into stem and leaves; branches lateral or ventral; leaves normally in three JUNGERMANNIACEAE. 506 longitudinal ranks, two dorsal or lateral and one ventral, those of the ventral rank (the underleaves) smaller than the others and sometimes absent altogether. Antheridia borne singly or in some groups in the axils of more or less specialized leaves, the perigonial bracts. Archegonia borne singly or in groups at the tips of branches, surrounded by specialized leaves, the perichaetial bracts and bracteoles. Perianth present in many genera, consisting of a cylindrical or prismatic tube open at the apex. Cap- sule spherical to cylindrical. About 150 genera and some 4,000 species, widely distributed, most abundant in tropical regions. A. Leaves undivided but often tootlied. B. Leaves bilobed and complicate, the ventral lobe, or lobule. smaller than the dorsal and usually specialized as an inflated water-sac. 1. T'nderleaves none. Plants large, perianth with a broad truncate mouth. Plants minute, perianth abruptly contracted to a small tubular mouth. 2. Underleaves present, one for every lateral leaf. 3. Underleaves present, one for every two lateral leaves. a. Lobule inflated but not helmet-shaped, attached to the dorsal lobe by a long keel. * Underleaves bifid. t Plants pale green to yellowish green. Divisions of underleaves not subulate. Perianth inflated, more or less distinctly five-keeled. Lobule with a hyaline papilla at the proximal base of the apical tooth. Plants large ; well-developed leaves 0.6 mm. or more in length. Plants medium-sized ; well-devel- oped leaves mostly 0.3-0.5 mm. in length. Plants small ; well-developed leaves 0.3 or less in length. Lobule with a hyaline papilla at the distal base of the apical tooth. Perianth compressed, at least when young.. Lobule with a hyaline papilla 'at the proximal base of the apical tooth. Lobule with a hyaline papilla at the distal base of the apical tooth. Divisions of underleaves subulate and spread- ing. tt Plants more or less pigmented with brown. ** Underleaves undivided. Plants pale green to yellowish green. Subfioral innovations none. Subfioral innovations present. Plants more or less pigmented with brown. Subfioral innovations none. Subfioral innovations present. Leaves densely squarrose. Perianth with five to ten keels. Perianth with three keels. Leaves not squarrose ; perianth with five keels. 6. Lobule usually inflated and helmet-shaped, usually attached to the lobe by a very short keel. 1. Plagiochila. 2. liadula. 4. Leptocolea. 3. Diplasiolcjcunca. 10. Taxilejcunea. 5. Lcjeunea. 6. MicroJejeunea. 9. Euosmolcjeunea. 7. Rectolejeunea. 8. Cheilolejeunea. 12. Lcptolcjcunea. 11. Ccratolcjcunea. In. Caitdalejeunea. IS. Lciicolejeunea. 14. Lopholcjcunca. 13. Brachiolejemiea. 10. Masti(jol€jcunca. 17. Archilcjcunea. 10. Fnillania. 1. PLAGIOCHILA Dumort. Recueil d "Obs. 1-1. 1835. Stems ascending from a prostrate rhizome, simple or with lateral branches. Leaves suceubous, imdivided, decurrent dorsally and ventrally, the margin varying from entire to ciliate or spinose. Underleaves usually minute and short- lived. Inflorescence dioecious. Antheridia from one to ten in the axils of 33 506 JUXGEKMAN^'1ACEAE. bracts saccate at the base, the bracts imbricated and usually arranged in elon- gated androecia, often proliferating at the apex. Perichaetial bracts similar to the leaves but often broader and more toothed. Perianth laterally com- pressed, the mouth broad, truncate, and variously dentate to ciliate. [Greek, oblique lip.] Some 800 species or more, mostly tropical. Type species: P. asplenioides (L.) Dumort. 1. Plagiochila ludoviciana Sulliv. Muse. Alleg. 223. 1845. Loosely tufted, yelloTvish to brownish green. Stems sparingly and irregu- larly branched. Leaves obliquely spreading, imbricated, about 2.5 mm. long and 1.2 mm. wide, ovate, long-decurrent dorsally and reflexed at the ventral base, irregularly toothed in the apical region and along the ventral margin; underleaves minute or larger and narrowly lanceolate. On bark. Maidenhecid Coppice, New Providence : — Louisiana to Florida ; Cuba ; Virgin Islands. Louisiaxa Plagiochila. 2. RADUIiA Dumort. Comm. Bot. 112. 1822. Stems prostrate or growing from a prostrate rhizome, with numerous lat- eral branches arising just behind normal leaves; rhizoids always borne on the ventral lobes of the leaves. Leaves complicate-bilobed, the dorsal lobes larger than the ventral, incubous, usually entire and often rounded at the apex; ven- tral lobes attached to the dorsal by a more or less elongated keel, the free margin usually appressed to the dorsal lobe. Underleaves none. Antheridia borne singly or in groups of two or three in the axils of saccate bracts, the latter forming more or less elongated androecia. Arehegonia borne on more or less elongated branches, sometimes with subfloral innovations; bracts similar to the leaves. Perianth usually dorsiventrally compressed, rarely subterete or plicate, truncate and bilabiate but otherwise entire at the broad mouth. Gem- mae, when present, discoid, multicellular. [Latin, a scraper or spatula.] About 400 species, largely tropical. Type species: E. complanata (L.) Dumort. 1. Radula australis Aust. Bot. Bull. (Bot. Gaz.) 1: 32. 1875. Plants dark green, loosely tufted to scattered. Stems irregularly pinnate. Leaves imbricated, the dorsal lobe spreading at about a right angle, obovate- oblong. about 1 mm. long and 0.6 mm. wide ; lobule rhomboid, rounded at the apex, the upper margin parallel with the keel; inflorescence dioecious; androe- cium mostly median, the bracts in about six pairs; perianth elongated. On barlj, Andros and New Providence : — Georgia and Florida. Southeex Radula. 3. DIPLASIOLEJEUNEA [Spruce] Schiffn. in E. & P. Xat. Pflf. P: 121. 1894. Stems prostrate, copiously branched, the branching as in Eadula. Leaves loosely imbricated, complicate-bilobed, the dorsal lobe ovate to orbicular, at- tached by a very short base, convex and widely spreading, entire; lobule in- flated, attached to the dorsal lobe by a long arched keel, usually with two dis- tinct teeth in the apical region; leaf-cells with more or less thickened walls, scattered ocelli usually present. Underleaves doubled, one for every lateral leaf, deeply bifid with divaricate lobes. Antheridia borne in pairs in the axils JUNG ERMANNI ACE AE. 507 of saccate bracts, the latter usually in short androecia. Female inflorescence borne on a branch variable in lengthy with a single subfloral innovation. Peri- anth sharply five-keeled, abruptly narrowed into a short beak. Gemmae dis- coid, borne on the surface of the leaves. [Greek, doubled Lejeunea.] About 20 species, tropical. Type species: D. pellucida (Meissn.) Schiffn. 1. Diplasiolejeunea Rudolphiana Steph. Hedwigia 35: 79. 1896. Plants yellowish green, in compact depressed tufts. Leaves imbricated, the dorsal lobe widely spreading, somewhat convex, broadly ovate, about 1.3 mm. long, entire or nearly so; lobule about 0.7 mm. long, more or less inflated, the apical tooth long and slender, usiially subparallel with the axis ; leaf-cells with small trigones ; underleaves distant to subimbrieated, broadly cuneate, bifid about one half with obliquely spreading, blunt divisions and a rounded sinus; inflorescence autoecious; female inflorescence borne on a branch variable in length, the innovation usually simple and sterile; bracts bifid to the middle or beyond, the dorsal lobe rounded at the apex, the ventral obtuse to acute; bracteole ovate, shortly bifid, with acute to obtuse divisions; perianth obovate in outline, rounded at the apex; gemmiparous leaves usually two, borne ter- minally on branches with limited growth. On bark, New Providence : — Florida ; West Indies ; Dutch Guiana ; Brazil. Ru- dolph's Diplasiolejeunea. 4. LEPTOCOLEA [Spruce] Evans, Bull. Torr. Club 38: 261. 1911. Stems prostrate, minute and delicate^ irregularly branched, the branches as in Eadula. Leaves more or less imbricated, complicate-bilobed, the dorsal lobes larger than the ventral, broadly to narrowly ovate, attached by a very short base, widely spreading, usually rounded at the apex; lobule inflated, at- tached to the dorsal lobe by a long arched keel, usually with two teeth in the apical region; leaf -cells often with trigones and surface-tubercles, ocelli and hyaline marginal cells sometimes present. Underleaves none. Antheridia borne singly or in pairs in the axils of the male bracts, the latter usually saccate and forming more or less elongated androecia. Archegonia borne singly on more or less elongated branches, with one or two subfloral innovations, the bracts usu- ally with plane lobules. Perianth compressed, with sharp lateral keels and sometimes with a more or less distinct two-angled ventral keel, beak short. Gemmae discoid, borne on the surface of the leaves. [Greek, delicate sheath.] About 30 species, mostly tropical. Type species: L. micrandroecia (Spruce) Evans. 1. Leptocolea Jooriana (Aust.) Evans, Bull. Torr. Club 38: 270. 1911. Lejeunea Jooriana Aust. Bull. Torr. Club 6: 20. 1875. Cololejeunea Jooriana Evans, Mem. Torr. Club 8: 173. 1902. Yellowish green or whitish, loosely tufted or scattered. Leaves imbri- cated, the dorsal lobe widely spreading, plane, ovate, about 0,5 mm. long, grad- ually narrowed to the apex, usually from one to ten hyaline cells with free ex- tremities; lobule about half as long as the lobe, with two teeth in the apical region; leaf-cells with slightly thickened walls and indistinct trigones; inflores- cence paroecious or synoecious; perianth ovate to obovate in outline, truncate to very slightly retuse at the apex with a very short beak. On bark, New Providence and Crooked Island : — North Carolina to Florida and Louisiana ; Porto Rico. Joor's Leptocolea. 508 JUNGEKMANNIACEAE. 5. LEJEUNEA Libert, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. (Brux.) 6: 372. 1820. Stems prostrate, small, irregularly branched, the branches as in Badiila; rhizoids springing from the bases of the iinderleaves. Leaves complicate- bilobed, the dorsal lobes larger than the ventral, incubous, attached by a long line, ovate to obovate, rounded to obtuse at the apex, entire or slightly crenulate ; lobule when well developed inflated, acute, bearing a hyaline papilla at the base of the apical tooth on the side next to the stem; leaf -cells thin-walled but sometimes with small trigones. Underleaves ovate to orbicular, bifid, the divi- sion mostly entire or crenulate. Antheridia borne or in pairs in the axils of saccate bracts, the latter in more or less elongated androecia. Archegonia borne singly on branches variable in length with one or two subfloral innova- tions, the bracts with plane lobules, bractole bifid. Perianth inflated, five- keeled, abruptly narrowed to a distinct tubular beak. [Commemorates A. L. S. Lejeune, Belgian botanist.] Nearly 200 species, mostly tropical. Type species: L. cavifoUa (Ehrh.) Lindb. Lobule about 0.2 mm. long; keels of perianth smooth or nearly so. 1. L. flava. Lobule about 0.1 mm. long ; keels of perianth distinctly crenulate. 2. L. glancescens. 1. Lejeunea flava (Sw.) Nees, Naturges. Eur. Leberm. 3: 277. 1838. Jugermannia flava Sw. Prodr. 144. 1788. Plants pale to yellowish green, scattered or growing in depressed mats. Leaves imbricated, the dorsal lobe widely spreading, ovate, about 0.5 mm. long, rounded to obtuse at the apex ; lobule inflated, ovate, more or less involute, apex tipped with a single blunt cell; leaf-cells thin-walled but usually with distinct trigones, averaging about 23^1 in the middle of the lobe; underleaves usually subimbricated, orbicular, plane, bifid about one half with the segments usually sharp-pointed and the sinus narrow ; inflorescence autoecious ; female inflores- cence borne on a more or less elongated branch with one or two subfloral inno- vations ; bracts a little larger than the leaves ; bracteole free, ovate ; perianth obovoid, the keels rounded in the upper part, smooth. On bark, Waterloo and Maidenhead Coppice, New Providence : — North Carolina to Florida and Texas ; Ireland ; Australia ; widely distributed in tropical regions throughout the world. Yellow Lejeunea. 2. Lejeunea glaucescens Gottsche, in G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 378. 1845. Plants pale to bright green, scattered or growing in thin, depressed mats. Leaves subimbricated, the dorsal lobe widely spreading, ovate, about 0.7 mm. long, usually broad and rounded at the apex; lobule inflated, triangular-ovoid, involute, apex tipped with a single blunt cell; leaf-cells thin-walled and usually without trigones, averaging about 33 X 25 /U in the middle of the lobe; under- leaves distant, orbicular, plane, bifid about one third with rounded or obtuse lobes and a narrow sinus; inflorescence autoecious; female inflorescence borne on a more or less elongated branch with a single subfloral innovation; bracts shorter than the leaves, the lobule pointed; bracteole slightly connate, ovate to obovate; perianth obovoid, the keels rounded above, minutely crenulate. On bark. Great Bahama and Cat Island : — Florida ; tropical America ; range not definitely known. The Bahamian specimens are not very well developed but seem to be referable to this species. Grayish Lejeunea. JUNGEEMANNIACEAE. 509 6. MICROLEJEUNEA [Spruce] Jack & Steph, Bot. Centrb. 60: 107. 1894. A somewhat artificial genus differing from Lejeunea in its smaller size and relatively larger lobules, the latter often equaling the dorsal lobes in length. Structure of the lobes, lobules, underleaves an42 LECIDEACEAE. Family 7. LECIDEACEAE. Spores simple. 1. Lecidea. Spores four- to many-celled. Spores thick-walled, with more or less lens-shaped cells. 2. Bomhyliospora. Spores thin-walled, with cylindrical cells. Spores four-celled, fusiform. 3. Bilimhia. Spores many-celled, acicular. 4. Bacidia. 1. LECIDEA Ach. Growing on rocks. 1. L. immersa. Growing on bark. Hypothecium pale. 2. L. vernalis v. minor. Hypothecium blackish-brown. 3. L. fiirfurosa. t 1. Lecidea immersa (Web.) Ach. Meth. Licli. 34. 1803. Lichen immersus Web. Spicil. Fl. Goett. 188. 1778. Lecidea calcivora Mass. Eic. Lieh. Crost. 78. 1852. Biatora calcivora Tuck. Syn. X. A. Lich. 2: 29. 1888. On calcareous rocks. New Providence, along Soldier's Road : — southern United States ; Europe. 2. Lecidea vernalis (L.) Ach. var. minor Xyl. apud Xorrl. in Not. Saellsk. Faun. Fl. Fenn. 13: 335. 1873. On bark. New Providence : — North America ; Europe. 3. Lecidea furfurosa Tuck, apud Xyl. Ann. Sci. Nat. IV: 19: 341. 1863. Biatora furfurosa Tuck. Syn. X. A. Lich. 2: 19. 1888. On bark. New Providence, at Grantstown : — ^Florida ; Cuba. 2. BOMBYLIOSPORA DeXot. 1. Bombyliospora domingensis (Pers.) Zahlbr. apud Wawra and Beck; Jtinera Princip. Coburg. 2: 154. 1888. Patellaria domingensis Pers. Annal. Wetter. 2: 12. 1810. Heterothecium domingense Flot., Tuck. Syn. X. A. Lich. 2: 57. 1888. On bark. New Providence, coppice near Clifton : — widely distributed in tropical regions of both hemispheres. 3. BILIMBIA DeXot. Growing on rocks : apothecia blackening. 1. B. trachona. Growing on bark or old wood. Thallus and apothecia golden-yellow. 2. B. aurata. Thallus gray or greenish ; apothecia pallid. 3. B. molybditis. 1. Bilimbia trachdna (Ach.) Th. Fr. Lieh. Scand. 386. 1871. Verrucaria trachona Ach. Meth. Lich. Suppl. 16. 1803. Lecidea phaeomela Xyl. Ann. Sci. Xat. IV: 19: 34. 1863. On limestone, New Providence : — locally distributed in North America and Europe. The original description of this species says, " crusta pulverulenta." Mr, L. J. K. Brace has sent in a series of collections from New Providence showing that the thallus varies from areolate-rimose, in well-developed specimens, to a dispersed and granulate condition, and in some cases disappearing. The name Lecidea phaeomela was applied by Nylander to the last named condition. The color of the thallus varies from the typical sordid-green to fuscescent. The very youngest apothecia are bay- brown, but they blacken quickly. THELOTREMACEAE. 543 2. Bilimbia aurata Eiddle, sp. nov. Thallus crustaceus uniformis effusus baud limitatus, e flavo intense aures- cens, tenuis leprosiis laxe contextus. Gonidia cystococeoidea. Apothecia minu- tissima, 0.1-0.15 mm. lata, sat elevata rotundata regularia ceracea^ diseo aurantiaco, primimi piano margine tenuissime pallidiore subleproso, mox con- vexo margine excluso; epithecio lutescente, hymenio et hypothecio incolore. Asei clavati, 8-spori. Sporae ineolores fusiformes apicibus rotundatis aut altero apice subacuto, 4-loculares, lociilis cylindricis aequalibus, 10-12 X 3/*. On bark, Farringdon Road, New Providence (Elizabeth O. Britton, August, 1904. 221, type). The following sterile specimens appear to belong here also: — on dead 8uriana, Andros, at Barton Creek (Brace, 5297) ; on dead wood. Crooked Island, at Gun Bluff (Brace, ^693). Also, Palm Beach, Florida (R. Thaxter). The sterile specimens are similar to the Lepraria ^ava of the older authors, although brighter and more golden. But the fertile specimen has abundant apothecia, which certainly belong to the thallus in question. The species is a very distinct one. 3. Bilimbia molybditis (Tuck.) Riddle. Biatora molyhditis Tuck. Syn. N. A. Lich. 2: 34. 1888. On bark, New Providence : — Florida. 4. BACIDIA DeNot. Apothecia pallid to flesh-color. 1. B. medialis. Apothecia reddish-brown to black. Apothecia persistently brown. 2. B. fuscorubella. Apothecia soon becoming black. 3. B. atrogrisea. 1. Bacidia medialis (Tuck.) Riddle. Lecidea medialis Tuck, apud Nyl. Ann. Sci. Nat. lA^: 19: 346. 1863. Biatora medialis Tuck. Syn. N. A. Lich. 2: 132. 1888. On bark, New Providence : — Florida ; Texas ; Cuba ; Nicaragua ; Brazil. 2. Bacidia fuscorubella (Hoffm.) Arnold, Flora 54: 55. 1871. Verrucaria fuscoruljella Hoffm. Deutsch. Fl. 2: 175. 1795. Biatora fuscoriihella Tuck. Syn. N. A. Lich. 2: 43. 1888. On bark. New Providence : — widely distributed in the northern hemisphere. 3. Bacidia atrogrisea (Delise) Arnold, Flora 41: 505. 1858. Biatora atrogrisea Delise apud Hepp, Fl. Eur. 26. 1853. Lecidea luteola f. endoleuca Nyl. Bot. Notis. (1853) 98. Bacidia endoleuca Kickx, Fl. Crypt. Eland. 1: 261. 1867. On bark. New Providence, at Maidenhead Coppice : — widely distributed in North America and Europe. Family 8. THELOTREMACEAE. Paraphyses branched and anastomosing. 1. Gvrosiomum. Paraphyses simple and free. « ^ „ , . Spores plurilocular, colorless. 2. Ocellulana. Spores muriform-multilocular. o r^x. , ^ Spores colorless. 3. Thelotrema. Spores brown. 4. Leptotrema. 1. GYROSTOMUM Fr. 1. Gyrostomum scyphuliferum (Ach.) Fr. Syst. Orb. Yeg. 268. 1825. Lecidea scyplndifera Ach. Synops. Lich. 27. 1814. On bark, New Providence : — widely distributed in tropical regions of both hemi- spheres. 544 THELOTEEMACEAE. 2. OCELLULARIA Spreng. Spores four- to six-celled. 1. O. micropora. Spores eight- to sixteen-celled. 2. O. siihtilis. 1. Ocellularia micropora (Mont.) Muell. Arg. Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 23: 129. 1891. Thelotrema microporum Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. Ill: 10: 130. 1848. On bark, Andros, at Louisa Coppice near NichoU's Town : — Florida ; Cuba ; Brarfl ; Tahiti ; Japan, 2. Ocellularia subtilis (Tuck.) Eiddle. Thelotrema suhtile Tuck. Am. Journ. Sci. 25: 426. 1858. Thelotrema bicinctulum Nyl. Ann. Sci. Xat. IV: 15: 46. 1861. On bark, New Providence : — widely distributed. 3. THELOTREMA Ach. Apothecia in raised, convex verrucae. 1. T. lepaclinum. Apothecia sunken in the thallus. 2. T. paralbidum. 1. Thelotrema lepadinum Ach. Meth. Lieh. 132. 1803. Lichen lepadinus Ach. Lich. Suec. Prodr. 30. 1798. On dead wood, New Providence, near Soldiers' Home : — cosmopolitan. 2. Thelotrema paralbidum Riddle, sp. nov. Thallus epiphloeodes crustaceus uniformis effusus haud limitatus. sordide albidus, in crassitudine mediocris, rimoso-areolatus areolis subquadrangularibus 0.6-1.0 mm. latis inaequalibus vel leviter convexis. Gonidia chroolepoidea. Apothecia approximata aut partim dispersa, areolis thallinis immersa haud ver- rucas formantia, suborbicularia 0.5-0.8 mm. lata, disco aperto piano albissimo farinoso, superficiem thalli subaequante aut paullum submerso, margine duplice erenato aut sublaeerato parum prominente; intus hyalino. Paraphyses sim- plices. Asci clavati, 8-spori. Sporae incolores ovideae murali-divisae, 8-10- loculares, loculis cubicis 2-3-locellatis, 22-25 X 9-11 /a. On bark. Maidenhead Coppice, New Providence {Eliza'beth G. Britton, February, 1905, 3231,, type). Thelotrema paralhiiJum is externally similar to Ocellularia albida (Nyl.) Riddle, (Thelotrema alhidmn Nyl. Act. Soc. Sci. Fenn. 7: 451. 1863). but differs in spore- characters. It is. perhaps, most closely related to T. rclatum Muell. Arg. (Bull. Soc. Roy. bot. Belg. 32i : 26. 1894), but differs in the thicker, areolate thallus, the white disk, and the shorter spores. 4. LEPTOTREMA Mont. & v. d. Bosch. Apothecia in convex verrucae. Spores 1-2 in each ascus. 1. L. monosporum. Spores 8 in each ascus. Verrucae O.S-1.0 mm. diameter ; spores 20-30/x in length. 2. L.tahianum. Verrucae 0.3— 0.5 mm. diameter ; spores 35— 50^t in length. 3. L. simplex. Apothecia sunken in the thallus. Spores 1—4 in each ascus. 4. L. hisporum. Spores 8 in each ascus. Spores with 4-6 series of cells. Spores 10-14 x6-8w 5. L. glauceseens. Spores 17-27 X 10-18tt. 6. L. Wightii. Spores with 6-10 series of cells. 7. L. compunctum. 1. Leptotrema monosporum (Nyl.) Muell. Arg. Bull. Soc. Eoy. Bot. Belg. 31=: 35. 1892. Thelotrema monosporum Nyl. Ann. Sci. Nat. IV: 15: 46. 1861. On bark, New Providence : — widely distributed in the warmer regions. LECANORACEAE. 545 2. Leptotrema bahianum (Aeh.) Muell. Arg. Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Xat. Geneve 29^: 12. 1887. Thelotrema lepadinum var. 'baliianum Ach. Meth. Lich. 132. 1803. On bark, New Providence, along Soldier's Road : — Cuba ; Costa Rica ; Colombia ; Brazil. 3. Leptotrema simplex (Tuck.) Riddle. Thelotrema simplex Tuck. Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 271. 1864. On bark, Andros, along road to Conch Sound, and along road to Morgan's Bluff, and New Providence : — Cuba. 4. Leptotrema bisporum (Nyl.) Riddle. Thelotrema bisporum Nyl. apud Hue, Xouv. Arch. Mus. Nat. Hist. Paris III: 3: 96. 1891. On bark. Great Bahama, near Eight Mile Rocks : — Guadeloupe. The specimens agree exactly with the external characters of the type preserved in the Museum d'Histoire Naturelle ill Paris. But Nylander says that the spores are 1 to 2 in the ascus and 80-115 x 34— 36 xi in size; while the present material shows spores 2 to 4 in the ascus and only 38-50 x 14-18 ^ in size. It is to be ex- pected, however, that with a larger number of spores in tlie ascus the size should be smaller. A similar condition is found in species of Pertusaria, for example, Pertu- saria leioplaca (Acli.) Schaer. 5. Leptotrema glaucescens (Nyl.) Muell. Arg. Flora 65: 499. 1882. Thelotrema glaucescens Nyl. Ann. Sci. Nat. IV: 19: 499. 1882. On bark, Andros. along road to Conch Sound : — southern United States ; Cuba ; Porto Rico. 6. Leptotrema Wightii (Taylor) Muell. Arg. Flora 65: 499. 1882. Endocarpon Wightii Taylor in Hook. Journ. Bot. 6: 155, 1847. Thelotrema Eavenelii Tuck, in part, (fide Muell. Arg. in herb.) On bark, Abaco, at Old Kerr's Point : — widely distributed in the warmer regions of both hemispheres. 7. Leptotrema compunctum (Sm.) Muell. Arg. Flora 70: 400. 1887. Lichen compunctus J. E. Smith apud Ach. Meth, Lich. 143. 1803. On bark. New Providence : — Cuba ; Costa Rica : Colombia ; Brazil. Mueller {I. c.) misspelt the name as " compacto," but corrected the error in a list of errata published in Hedwigia 34 : 36. 1895. Family 9. LECANORACEAE. Spores simple, Paraphyses simple and free. Paraphyses branched and anastomosing. Spores plurilocular. 1. LECANORA Ach, Growing on rocks. Growing on bark or old wood. Disk of apothecia distinctly brown. Disk of apothecia not bro^voi. Disk typically yellowish-green. Disk typically flesh-color. 1, Lecanora badia (Pers.) Ach. Lich. Univ. 407. Lichen hadius Pers. in Usteri, Ann, Bot. 7: 1. Lecanora. 2. Ochrolechia. 3. Haematomma. I, 1. L. hadia. o L. suhfusca. 3. 4, L. varia. L. cincreocarnea. 1810, 27. i: r94. On limestone. Eleuthera Island, at Eleuthera Point : — widelv distributed in Europe ; local in North America : mountains of Brazil, Peru, and Chili, 516 CLADOXIACEAE. 2. Lecanora subfusca (L.) Ach. Lich. Univ. 393. 1810. Lichen suhfuscus L. Fl. Suec. ed. 2. 409. 1755. On bark, New Providence : — cosmopolitan. 3. Lecanora varia (Ehrh.) Ach. Lich. Univ. 377. 1810. Lichen variiis Ehrli. apud Hoffm. PI. Lich. 1: 102, pi. 23, f. 4. 1790. On barli and old wood, Great Bahama and New Providence : — cosmopolitan. 4. Lecanora cinereocamea (Eschw.) Wainio, Lich, Bres. 1: 80. 1890. Farmelia varia var, cinereocamea Eschw. in Mart. El. Bras. 1: 187. 1833. Lecanora chlaroterodes Nyl. Flora 59: 508. 1876. Lecanora chlaronella Nyl. apud Crombie, Journ. Linn. See. 16: 215. 1877. Lecanora subfusca var. cinereocamea Tuck, in Wright Lich. Cub. no. 118. On bark of trees and shrubs, from Berry Islands to Acklin's : — widely distributed in tropical regions of both hemispheres. 2. OCHROLECHIA Mass. 1. Ochrolechia pallescens (L.) Koerb. Svst. Lich. Germ. 149. 1855. Lichen pallescens L. Sp. Plant. 1142. 1753. Lecanora pallescens Schaer., Tuck. Syn. N. A. Lich. 1: 196. 1888. On bark of Mal>a crassinervis, Watling's Island, near Cockburn Town : — cosmo- politan. 3. HAEMATOMMA Mass. 1. Haematomma puniceum (Ach.) Wainio, Lich, Bres. 1: 72. 1890. Lecanora\mnicea Ach. Syn. Lich. 174, 1814, On bark, New Providence : — widely distributed in tropical regions of both hemi- spheres. Family 10. PHYLLOPSORACEAE. 1. PHYLLOPSORA Muell. Arg. 1. Phyllopsora parvifolia (Pers.) Muell, Arg, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: appendix 1: 45. 1894. Lecidea parvifolia Pers. in Gaudich. Voy. Uran. 192. 1826. Biatora parvifolia Tuck, Genera Lich. 157. 1872. On tree-trunks, Andros, and New Providence, in ^Yaterloo Coppice : — widely dis- tributed in the warmer regions of both hemispheres. Family 11. CLADONIACEAE. 1, CLADONIA Hill. Apothecia some shade of red. Apothecia some shade of brown. Podetia with dilated axils or cup-shaped. Axils or cups uerforate. Axils or cups closed. Podetia entirely corticate and without soredia. Cups proliferating from the center. Cups proliferating from the margins, or not at all. Podetia at least partially decorticate and more or less sorediate. Podetia powdery-sorediate. Podetia warty or scurfy or granular-sorediate. Cups well-developed. Cups reduced. Podetia with closed axils, not at all cup-shaped, much branched. Podetia fine and somewhat uniform in size throughout. Podetia with main part stout and branching progressively finer. 1. C. areolata. 2. C. Dilleniana. 3. 4. C. verticiUata. C. gracilis. 5. C. fimtriata. 6. 7. C. pi/xidata. C. pityrea. 8. C. pycnoclada. 9. C. rangiferina. PANNARIACEAE. 547 1. Cladonia areolata Nyl. Syn. Lich. 1: 226. 1858. On decaying log, Eleuthera Island, between Harbor Island and Lower Bogue : — Guadeloupe. This is a peculiar and distinct species, with a subcrustose thallus. 2. Cladonia Dilleniana Floerke, Clad. Coinm. 138. 1828. On ground and over rocks, Andros, vicinity of Lisbon Creeli, Deep Creek, Scrub Creek : — Cuba ; Jamaica ; Australasia ; Madagascar. 3. Cladonia verticillata Hoffm. Deutsch. Fl. 2: 122. 1795. Cladonia gracilis var. verticillata Fr.; Tuck. Syn. N. A. Lieli. 1: 242. 1882. On the ground, Abaco, along California Road : — cosmopolitan. 4. Cladonia gracilis (L.) Willd. var. dilacerata Floerke, Clad. Comm. 37. 1828. Cladonia gi'acilis war. hyhrida Tuck. Syn. N. A. Licli. 1: 243, in part. 1882. Over rocks. Great Bahama, vicinity of Eight Mile Rocks : — widely distributed in Europe and North America. 5. Cladonia fimbriata (L.) Fr. var. simplex (Weis.) Flot. Linnaea 18: 18. 1843. Lichen fimbriatus var. simplex Weis, PI. Crypt. Gott. 84. 1770. Cladonia fimbriata var. tuhaeformis Fr. ; Tuck. Syn. N. A, Lich. 1: 241. 1882. ■ On the ground. Crooked Island, along road to Stopper Hill : — cosmopolitan. 6. Cladonia pyxidata (L.) Fr. var. chlorophaea Floerke, Clad. Comm. 70. 1828. Cladonia pyxidata (L.) Fr.; Tuck. Syn. N. A. Lich. 1: 240, in part. 1882. On the ground. Great Bahama and New Providence : — cosmopolitan. 7. Cladonia pityrea (Floerke) Fr. Nov. Sched. Crit. 21. 1826. Capitularia pityrea Floerke, Berl. Magaz. 2: 135. 1808. Cladonia fimbriata var. adspersa Tuck. Syn. N. A. Lich. 1: 242. 1882. On dead wood, and on the ground, Andros, near Nicholl's Town, and Crooked Island, at Vauxhall : — cosmopolitan. 8. Cladonia pycnoclada (Pers.) Nyl. Journ. Linn. Soe. 9: 244. 1866. Cenomyce pycnoclada Pers. in Gaudich. Voy. Uran. 212. 1826. On the ground and over rocks, Abaco, at Marsh Harbor, and Mangrove Cay, Andros, at Pineland, Lisbon Creek : — widely distributed in the southern hemisphere. 9. Cladonia rangiferina (L.) Web. in Wiggers, Prim. Fl. Hols. 90. 1780. Lichen rangiferinus L. Sp. Plant. 1153. 1753. Over rocks. Great Bahama : — cosmopolitan. Family 12. PANNARIACEAE. Upper cortex composed of vertical hyphae ; gonidia Nostoc. 1. Pannaria. Upper cortex composed of longitudinal hyphae ; gonidia Scytoncma. 2. Coccocarpia. 1. PANNARIA Delise. 1. Pannaria nilDiginosa (Thunb.) Delise, Diction. Class. 13: 20. 1828. Lichen rubiginosus Thunb. Prodr. Flor. Capens. 176. 1794. On trees. New Providence, along Soldier's Road : — common in tropical regions and locally distributed in temperate regions of both hemispheres. 548 PAEMELIACEAE. 2. COCCOCARPIA Pers. 1. Coccocarpia pellita (Ach.) Muell. Arg. Flora 65: 320. Parmelia pellita Ach, Lich. Univ. 468. 1810. Thallus without isidia. Hypothallus copious and extending beyond the lobes. Hypothallus medium or scanty. Lobes about 0.4-1.0 mm.*^ wide, repeatedly pinnatifid- incised. Lobes 2-10 mm. wide, cuneate, subentire. Rhizoids blue-black ; apothecia blackening. Rhizoids partly white ; apothecia persistently pale brown. Thallus more or less isidiose. 1882. a. var. pannosa. h. var. genidna. c. var. parmelioides. 'd. var. smaragdina. e. var. tenuior. la. Coccocarpia pellita var. pannosa Muell. Arg. Flora 65: 320. 1882. On trees, New Providence, at Lake Cunningham, and Crooked Island, at Vaux- hall : — Cuba ; Australia. lb. Coccocarpia pellita var, genuina Muell. Arg. Flora 65: 321. 1882, On trees. Watling's Island, near Cockburn Town : — Cuba ; Porto Rico ; Brazil. This represents the Acharlan type and is well illustrated in Swartz Lich. Amer. pi. 6. Ic. Coccocarpia pellita var. parmelioides (Hook.) Muell. Arg. Flora 65: 320. 1882. Lecidea parmelioides Hook, in Kunth Syn. Plant. Orb. 162. 1822. Coccocarpia moly'bdea Pers, in Gaudieh. Voy. Uran. 206, 1826, Pannaria moly'bdea Tuck, Syn. N. A. Lich. 1: 124. 1882. On trees. Great Bahama, Abaco, New Providence : — widely distributed in the warmer regions of both hemispheres. Id. Coccocarpia pellita var. smaragdina (Pers.) Muell. Arg. Flora 65: 320. 1882, Coccocarpia smaragdina Pers, in Gaudieh. Yoy. Uran. 206. 1826. On trees. New Providence, at Lake Cunningham : — widely distributed in the warmer regions of both hemispheres. le. Coccocarpia pellita var. tenuior (Nyl.) Muell. Arg. Flora 65: 322. 1882. Coccocarpia moly'bdea var. tenuior Nyl. apud Krplh. Flora 59: 76. 1876. On trees, New Providence, at Maidenhead Coppice : — Porto Rico ; Mauritius. Family 13. PAEMELIACEAE. 1. PARMELIA Ach. Margins ciliate. Margins naked. Medulla yellow. Medulla white. Thallus greenish-straw-color. Thallus gray or whitish. Medulla turning red when tested with caus- tic potash. Margins entirely without soredia. Margins more or less sorediate. Medulla not red with caustic potash. 1. P. nrceolata. 2. P. siilphitrata. 3. P. flava. 4. P. Intissima, 4a. P. latissimaxar.cristifero 5. P. perlata. 1. Parmelia urceolata Eschw. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 1 : 207. 1833. On trees, New Providence, along Soldier's Road : — tropical South America and Africa. USNEACEAE. 549 2. Parmelia sulphurata Nees & Flot. Linnaea 9: 501. 1834. On trees, New Providence, at Maidenhead Coppice : — widely distrilnited in trot, ical regions of both hemispheres. 3. Parmelia flava Krempelli. in Warming, Symbol. Flor. Bras, in Yi.lensk. Meddel. 9. 1873. On tree, Andros, along road to Conch Sound : — Brazil. 4. Parmelia latissima Fee, Suppl. Essai Crypt. 119, pi. 38, f. 1. 1837. On trees, Abaco, New Providence, Watling's Island, Crooked Island : — widely distributed in the warmer regions of both hemispheres. 4a. Parmelia latissima var. cristifera (Taylor) Hue, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris IV: 1: 204. 1899. Parmelia cristifera Taylor in Hook. Journ. Bot. 6: 165. 1847. On trees. New Providence, at Maidenhead Coppice : — distributed as in the typi- cal form. 5. Parmelia perlata (L.) Ach. Meth. Lich. 216. 1803. Lichen perlatus L. Syst. Nat. ed. 12, p. 712. 1767. On trees. Great Bahama, New Providence : — cosmopolitan. Family 14. USNEACEAE. Medulla of loosely interwoven hyphae ; spores two-celled. 1. Ramalina. Medulla with a tough central strand of compacted hyphae ; spores simple. LV Usnea. 1. RAJVLAIilNA Ach. Thallus more or less sorediate. 1. R. peruviana. Thallus without soredia. Thallus elongated and pendulous. 2. R. usneoides. Thallus short and erect. Branches flattened ; spores ellipsoid. 3. R. complanata. Branches more or less cylindrical ; spores fusiform. 4. R. Montagnei. 1. Ramalina peruviana Ach. Licli. Univ. 599. 1810. On trees. Crooked Island, road to Stopper Hill : — Jamaica ; Porto Rico ; Curagao Island ; Peru. 2. Ramalina usneoides (Ach.) Fr. Lich. Europ. 468. 1831. Parmelia usneoides Ach. Meth. Lich. 270. 1803. On branches of trees, Abaco and Watling's Island : — widely distributed in trop- ical regions of both hemispheres. 3. Ramalina complanata (Sw.) Ach. Lich. Univ. 599. 1810. Lichen complanatus Sw. Fl. Ind. Oec. 3: 1911. 1806. Eamalina denticulata (Eschw.) Nyl. Bull. Soc. Linn. Norm. II: 4: 129. 1870. On trees, Abaco, New Providence, Eleuthera and Long Island : — widely dis- tributed in the warmer regions of both hemispheres. 4. Ramalina Montagnei DeNot. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 2: 218. 1846. Eamalina rigida var. Montagnei Tuck. Syn. N. A. Lich. 1: 23. 1882. On twigs and branches. Great Bahama, New Providence, Cat, Watling's, and Acklin Islands : — southern United States ; Cuba ; Jamaica ; Porto Rico. ^^^ CALOPLACACEAE. 2. USNEA Adans. 1. Usnea florida (L.) Web. var. strigosa Ach. Meth. Lich. 310. 1803. On trees, Crooked Island, at Stopper Island : — cosmopolitan. Family 15. CALOPLACACEAE. Thalline exciple never present. 1. Blastenia. Thalline exciple present, or sometimes disappearing in old apothecia. 2. Caloplaca. 1. BLASTENIA Mass. Disk of apothecia orange or rusty. 1. B. ferruginea. Disk of apothecia dark brown to black. 2. B. floridana. 1. Blastenia ferruginea (Huds.) Koerb. Syst. Lieh. Germ. 184. 1855. Lichen ferrugineus Huds. Fl. Aug. 444. 1762. On bark, New Providence : — cosmopolitan. 2. Blastenia floridana (Tuck.) Zahlbr. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. r*: 227. 1907. Lecanora floridana Tuck. Proc. Am. Acad. 5: 402. 1862. Placodium floridanum Tuck. Syn. N. A. Lich. 1: 179. 1882. On bark, New Providence : — widely distributed in tropical America. 2. CALOPLACA Th. Fr. Thallus conspicuously white-powdery. 1. C. galactophylla. Thallus not at all white-powdery. Thallus on bark, copiously isidiose. 2a. C. aurantiaca var. isidiosella. Thallus on rocks, without isidia. Apothecia superficial on convex, thick, thal- line areoles. 2b. C. aurantiaca var. enjthrella. Apothecia immersed in flat, thin, thalline areoles. 2c. C. aurantiaca var. diffracta. 1. Caloplaca galactophylla (Tuck.) Riddle. Placodium galactophyllum Tuck. Proc. Amer. Acad. 12: 171. 1877. On limestone, New Providence : — Kansas. 2. Caloplaca aurantiaca (Lightf.) Th. Fr. Lich. Arct. 116. 1860. Lichen aurantiacus Lightf. Fl. Scot. 2: 810. 1777. 2a. Caloplaca aurantiaca var. isidiosella (Crombie) Riddle. Lecanora aurantiaca var. isidiosella Crombie, Jouru. Linn. Soc. 15: 437. 1877. Lepraria Bassiae Ach. Meth. Lich. 5. 1803. Placodium aurantiacum subsp. Bassiae Wainio, Journ. Bot. 34: 67. 1896. On bark. New Providence : — Jamaica ; St. Thomas ; St. Vincent ; Guadeloupe ; India. 2b. Caloplaca aurantiaca var. erythrella (Ach.) Th. Fr. Lich. Scand. 178. 1871. Lichen erythrellus Ach. Lich. Prodr. Suec. 43. 1798. On limestone, Eleuthera Island : — probably cosmopolitan. BUELLIACEAE. 551 2c. Caloplaca aurantiaca var. diffracta (Mass.) Eiddle. Callopisma aurantiacum var. diffractum Mass. Monog. Lich. Blast. 73. 1853. On limestone, New Providence, and Watling's Island, near Cockburn Town : — Italy. The Bahama material agrees exactly with the specimen in Massalongo Lich. Exsic. Ital. no. 2^3. Family 16. BUELLIACEAE. 1. BUELLIA DeNot. Thallus areolate. even, medulla white. Thallus yellow with caustic potash, Apothecia black and nudate. 1. B.parasema. Apothecia with an aeruginous bloom. la. B.parasemavar.aeruginascens. Thallus red with caustic potash. 2. B.conspirans. Thallus verrucose, the verrucae with a dark red medulla. 3. B.sanguinariella. 1. Buellia parasema (Aeh.) Koerb. Syst. Lich. Germ. 228. 1855. Lecidea parasema Aeh. Meth. Lich. 35. 1803. Buellia disciformis Auct. On bark, New Providence : — cosmopolitan. la. Buellia parasema var. aeniginascens (Nyl.) Muell. Arg. Flora 68: 530. 1885. Lecidea disciformis var. aeniginascens Nyl. Bull. Soc. Linn. Norm. II: 2: 52. 1868. On bark, Ship Channel Cay and Stocking Island, Exuma Chain : — widely dis- tributed in tropical America. 2. Buellia conspirans (Nyl.) Wainio, Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn. A: 6^: 88. 1915. Lecidea conspirans Nyl. Flora 51: 345. 1868. Lecidea sub disciformis Leight. Lich. Fl. Brit. 308. 1871. Buellia sub disciformis Wainio, Lich. Bres. 1: 167. 1890. On bark, common in many of the islands from New Providence to Long Island : — widely distributed in the warmer regions. 3. Buellia sanguinariella (Nyl.) Wainio, Lich. Bres. 1: 168. 1890. Lecidea saiiguinariella Nyl. Ann. Sci. Nat. V: 7: 328. 1867. On bark. Crooked Island, at Vauxhall and Jingo Hill : — Cuba ; Colombia. Family 17. PHYSCIACEAE. Hypothecium brownish-black. 1. Pyxine. Hypothecium colorless. 2. Physcia. 1. PYXINE Fr. Apothecia lecanorine at least when young. Apothecia persistently lecanorine. 1. P. picta. Apothecia soon becoming lecideine. 2. P. Jileissnei-i. Apothecia lecideine from the first. Medulla white. 3. P. Cocoes. Medulla sulphury. 3a. P. Cocoes var. endoxantha. 1. Pyxine picta (Sw.) Tuck. Proc. Amer. Acad. 4: 398. 1860. Lichen pictus Sw. Prodr. 146. 1788. Physcia picta Nyl. Syn. Lich. 1: 430. 1858. On trees and shrubs. Great Bahama, New Providence, Cat Island, Watling's Island : — widely distributed in warmer regions of both hemispheres. 552 PHYSCIACEAE. 2. Pyxine Meissneri Tuck. Proe. Amer. Acad. 4: 400. 1860. On bark, New Providence : — tropical America and Africa, and East Indies. 3. Pyxine Cocoes (Sw.) Xyl. Mem. Soc. Sci. Cherb. 5: 108. 1857. Lichen Cocoes Sw. Prodr. 146. 1788. Circinaria dissecta Fee, Essai Crypt. 127, pi. 30, f. 2. 1824. Pyxine dissecta Wainio, Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn. A: 6^: 70. 1915. On bark. New Providence and Watling's Island : — widely distributed in the warmer regions of both hemispheres. Wainio (l. c.) gives reasons for dropping the name "Cocoes" and adopts Fee's name in its place. His reasons do not seem very convincing, and as the name " Cocoes " has been in use so long and is so well recognized, it has seemed best to retain it. 3a. Pyxine Cocoes var. endoxantha Muell. Arg. Flora 65: 318. 188: uthera, Cat Islan PHYSCIA Ach. On bark. New Providence, Eleuthera, Cat Island : — distribution similar to that of the species. Thallus gray-brown. Thallus closely adnate ; center areolate. 1. P. adgliitinata. Thallus merely appressed ; center subcontinuous. 2. P. obscura. Thallus whitish or glaucous. Rhizoids black and hispid-branched. 3. P. hypoleuca. Rhizoids white or brown, and simple. Lobes flat. Lobes 0.4-0.8 mm. broad. 4. P. alha. Lobes 1.2-3.0 mm. broad. Thallus without soredia. 5. P. dilatata. Thallus sorediate. 6. P. crispa. Lobes convex. Thallus without soredia. Lobes discrete and radiate. 7. P. steUaris. Lobes more or less imbricate and ir- regular. 8. P. integrata. Thallus sorediate. 8o. P. integrata xar. sorediosa. 1. Physcia adglutinata (Flke.) Xyl. Syn. Lich. 1: 428. 1858. Lecanora adglutinata Floerke, Deutsch. Lich. 4: 7. 1815. On bark. New Providence : — widely distributed in temperate regions. 2. Physcia obscura (Ehrh.) Xyl. Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 21: 309. 1856. Lichen ohscurus Ehrh. Crypt, no. 177. On bark. New Providence : — cosmopolitan. 3. Physcia hsrpoleuca (Ach.) Tuck. Syn. X\ A. Lich. 1: 68. 1882. Parmelia speciosa var. hypoleuca Ach. Syn. Lich. 211. 1814. On twigs. New Providence, on Soldier's Road : — widely distributed. 4. Physcia alba (Fee) Muell. Arg. Eev. Mycol. 9: 136. 1887. Parmelia alha Fee, Essai Crypt. 125, pi. 30, /. 4. 1824. On bark. Lignum Vitae Cay, Berry Islands and New Providence : — widely dis- tributed in tropical America. 5. Physcia dilatata X^yl. Syn. Lich. 1 : 423. 1858. On dead wood, and on living shrubs. New Providence, at the Race Course and Cat Island, vicinity of Port Howe : — Mexico ; Colombia ; Abyssinia. This species is probably more widely distributed than the stations cited would indicate, but does not seem to have been recognized. According to original speci- mens in the Museum d'Histoire Naturelle at Paris. P. dilatata has exactly the lobing and texture of the common Phxiscia crispa, but without the soredia of that species. From P. integrata, it differs in flatter lobes and in being membranaceous rather than cartilaginous. ALGAE. 553 6. Physcia crispa (Pers.) Nyl. Syn. Lich. 1: 423. 1858. Parmelia crispa Pers. in Gaudich. Voj. Uran. 196. 1826. Common on trees, from Great Bahama to Cat Island : — widely distributed in the warmer regions of both hemispheres. 7. Physcia stellaris (L.) Nyl. Syn. Lich. 1: 424. 1858. Lichen stellaris L. Sp. Plant. 1144. 1753. On trees, Berry Islands, New Providence, Cat, and Watling's Islands : — cosmo- politan. 8. Physcia integrata Nyl. Syn. Lich. 1: 424. 1858. On trees, Harbor Island, Eleuthera, Cat Island, at Port Howe, and Watling's Island, near Cockburn Town : — tropical America. 8a. Physcia integrata var. sorediosa Wainio, Lich. Bres. 1: 142. 1890. On CocoloMs, Lignum Vitae Cay, Berry Islands : — with the species. Class 2. ALGAE. Contributed by Marshall A. Howe. Sub-class RHODOPHYCEAE. Family 1. BANGIACEAE. 1. BANGIA Lyugb.; Hornem. Fl. Dan. 9-^: 8. 1818; Lyngb. Hydroph. Dan. 82. 1819. ?DiADENus Pal. de Beauv.; Desv. Jour, de Bot. 1: 124. 1808. 1. Bangia lutea J. Ag. Alg. Med. et Adriat. 14. 1842. Bangia pallida Kiitz. Phyc. Gen. 250. 1843. Bangia hidentata Kiitz. Phyc. Germ. 195. 1845. Bangia pallescens Kiitz. Sp. Alg. 260. 1849. In its short broad cells, the Bahamian plant resembles Kiitzing's fig. c (Tab. Phyc. 3: 2^^- ^^ I^) of his Bangia bidentata. It appears to be more rosaceous and less luteous than old specimens from the Mediterranean, but otherwise not essentially different. On rocks between the tide-lines. Silver Cay (New Providence) : — reported from Guadeloupe ; Mediterranean and Adriatic seas. Type from Italy. 2. ERYTHBOTEICHIA Areseh.; Summ. Veg. Scand. 132. 1846. 1. Erythrotrichia carnea (Dillw.) J. Ag. Till Alg. Syst. 3: 15. 1883. Conferva carnea Dillw. Brit. Conferv. ijl. 84. 1807. Conferva ceramicola Lyngb. Hydroph. Dan. 144. pi. 481). 1819. Erythrotrichia ceramicola Areseh.; Phyc. Scand. Mar. 210. 1850. On Sargci'SSum, etc., probably common. Berry Islands : — widely distributed in temperate and tropical seas. Type from ^YaIes. 3. GONIOTRICHUM Kutz. Linnaea 17: 89. 1843; Phyc. Gen. 244. 1843. 1. Goniotrichum Alsidii (Zanard.) M. A. Howe, Mem. Torrey Club 15 : 75. 1914. Bangia Alsidii Zanard. Bibl. Ital. 96: 136. 1839; Syn. Alg. Mar. Adriat. 115. pi. 6. f. 7. 1841. Bangia elegans Chauv. Mem. Soc. Linn. Norm. 6: 13 (nomen nudum). 1838. Goniotrichum elegans Zanard. Not. Cell. Mar. 69. 1847. On Spermothamnion speliincarum and WrangeUa penicillata, Mariguana : — widely distributed in temperate and tropical seas. Type from Trieste. 36 554 NEMALIONACEAE. 4. ASTEROCYTIS Gobi, Trud. St. Peterb. Obstt. Yest. 10: 85. 1879. [Xot seen.] 1. Asterocytis ramosa (Thwaites) Gobi, loc. eit. Filaments 0.5-1 mm. long, mostly 13-28 /w in diameter, sparingly dichot- omous; vegetative cells (protoplasts) 5-10 fi long, 1-2 times as long as broad, chromatopliore vaguely stellate or indeterminate; cysts (akinetes ?) subglobose, ovoid, or ellipsoid, uniseriate or rarely in a double series, 13-19 /i in longest diameter (including walls), their walls 2-5^ thick. The monospores or akinetes of the Bahamian specimens resemble in form those shown by Wille in his /. 10 (Nyt. Mag. Naturvidensk. 38: 2)1 1. 1900). On the older parts of PohjsipJionia hapalacantha. Great Exuma : — apparently of wide distribution ; American Virgin Islands. Type from England. Family 2. NEMALIONACEAE. 1. LIAGORA Lamour. Xouv. Bull. Sci. Soc. Phil. 3: 185. 1812. Branching dominantly dichotomous (dichotomy sometimes obscured by proliferations, especially in Nos. 1 and 3) ; dioicous. Assimilatory filaments cylindric, 13-21 ^ in diameter in distal parts, projecting beyond the calcification and forming a more or less conspicuous rufous or ful- vous superficial nap ; antheridia in isolated compact, conic- ovoid, subglobose, or hemispheric tufts 40-65 «. broad. 1. L. farinosa. Assimilatory filaments more or less moniliate, 3-13 u in diam- eter in distal parts, a superficial nap wanting or incon- spicuous ; antheridia in rather loose flabellate or funnel- shaped clusters 10— 20^ wide, commonly forming an ap- parently confluent and continuous peripheral stratum. Surface of thallus in dried state smooth and compact or minutely pitted : cystocarp with a rather inconspicuous and poorly defined involucre. 2. L. vallda. Surface of thallus in dried state alveolate, farinaceous, or pulverulent ; cystocarp with a sharply defined basal in- volucre of long ascending or partly encircling filaments. 3. L. ceranoides. Branching dominantly monopodial.* Monoicous. Calcification axial, the distal ends of the assimilatory fila- ments free; antheridia in compact tufts 25-40 « broad, on penultimate or antepenultimate segments ; cystocarp with an involucre of ascending filaments. 4. L. pinnata. Calcification chiefly and primarily extra-peripheral ; an- theridia in small tufts, mostly 13-20 w broad, on ulti- mate and penultimate segments ; involucre of cystocarp represented by a few pendent or appressed-decurrent rhizoidal filaments or wanting. 5. L. pedicellata. Dioicous ; calcification usually light, chiefly axial ; plant very flaccid and mucous ; assimilatory filaments usually beauti- fully moniliform ; cystocarp with an inconspicuous involucre of ascending filaments. 6. L. mucosa. 1. Liagora farinosa Lamour. Hist. Polyp. 240. 1816. Liagora elongata Zanard. Flora 34: 35. 1851. Liagora Clieyneana Harv. Trans. Eoy. Irish Acad. 22: 552. 1855. Liagora lurida Dickie, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 14: 195. 1874. Liagora crassa Dickie, loc. cit. [Liagora cayokuesonica Melvill, Jour. Bot. 13: 262. 1875. Liagora farionicolor Melvill, loc. cit. 263. Liagora corymhosa J. Ag. p. p. max.. Anal. Alg. Cont. 3: 104. 1896. Extremely variable in size and in habit of branching, but constant in the large compact capitate tufts of antheridia, dioicously disposed, in the protrusion * Occasional conditions of L. farinosa may be sought here. L. decussata Mont., not yet reported from the Bahamas, has its branches commonly denudate at base and thus apparently stipitate or articulate, which is not true of the other West Indian members of the monopodial group. It differs also in being more compactly calcified, less mucous, and less adherent to paper when dried. NEMALIONACEAE. 555 of the stout cylindrie assimilatory filaments beyond the axial calcification and in the characters of the cystocarp. Monosporangium-bearing discs, looking like epi-endophytes, but probably arising from gemmae of the Liagora, occur, espe- cially on antheridial plants. On rocks and stones from low-water mark down to a depth of at least two meters, New Providence, Great Bahama, Gun Cay, South Cat Cay, Berry Islands, Exuma Chain, Mariguana, and Little Inagua : — Bermuda; Florida; Cuba ;' Jamaica ; St. Croix : Barbados ; of wide distribution in tropical and subtropical seas. Type from the Red Sea, near Suez. 2. Liagora valida Harv. Ner. Bor.-Am. 2: 138. pi. 31A. 1853. Liagora annulata J. Ag. (in part, at least) Sp. Alg. 3: 518. 1876. Liagora tenuis J. Ag. p. p. max., Anal. Alg. Cont. 3: 101. 1896. Liagora rosacea Zeh, Notizbl. Konigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 271. 1912. Extremely variable in size and habit, in the amount of calcification, in presence or absence of annulations, in the compactness of the cortex, in the sub- parallel or subumbellate disposition of the distal branches of the assimilatory filaments, and in the form and size of the peripheral cells, yet specific segrega- tions seem to the writer to be impracticable. Plants growing on surf-beaten rocks between the tide-lines form rigid brittle closely adherent cushions sug- gesting fruticulose Lithothamnieae or species of the lichen genus Cladonia; those growing below the low-water line or in less agitated water are longer, laxer, less heavily calcified, and more flexible. In intermediate positions, forms of intermediate habit occur. Certain conditions of the species appear to be close to Liagora fragilis (Forsk. ?) Zanard. and L. rugosa ZanarcL, from the Eed Sea, with which they may need further comparisons. On rocks from near the high-water marli, in exposed positions, down to a depth of at least one meter (low-tide), New Providence, Great Bahama, Berry Islands, North Cat Cay, South Cat Cay, Gun Cay, Andros, Orange Cay, Exuma Chain, Eleu- thera, Watling's Island, Mariguana, and Caicos Islands :— Bermuda ; Florida ; Cuba ; Jamaica ; Porto Rico ; St. Croix ; and Barbados. Type from Sand Key, near Key West, Florida. 3. Iiiagora ceranoides Lamour. Hist. Polyp. 239. 1816. Liagora imlverulenta Ag. Sp. Alg. 1: 396. 1822. Liagora leprosa J. Ag. 6fv. Kongl. Vet.-Akad. Forh. 4: 8. 1847. Liagora opposita J. Ag. Anal. Alg. Cont. 3: 101. 1896. Liagora Pilgeriana Zeh, Notizbl. Konigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 272. 1912. This species, also, as here conceived, shows great variation in size and habit, in the amount of calcification, and in the presence or absence of lateral pro- liferations, yet is fairly constant in the alveolate or farinaceous-pulverulent character of the surface of the dried plant, in the small subglobose or ovoid ultimate or penultimate cells of the assimilatory filaments, in the compact, many-filamented, small-spored cystocarp, and in the highly developed cysto- carpic involucre of numerous long ascending or partly encircling filaments. Monosporangium-bearing discs, apparently arising from gemmae, are of fre- quent occurrence on both antheridial and cystocarpic plants. On rocks, stones, and shells and on other algae from low-water mark down to a depth of two meters or more (taken at a depth of twenty meters by Borgeseu in the American Virgin Islands), Great Bahama, North Cat Cay, Gun Cay, Berry Islands, Mariguana, Caicos Islands, Little Inagua and Castle Islands : — Bermuda ; Florida ; Jamaica ; Porto Rico ; American Virgin Islands ; Barbados ; Mexico ; Brazil ; of wide distribution in tropical and subtropical seas. Type from St. Thomas, American Virgin Islands. 4. Liagora pinnata Harv. Ner. Bor.-Am. 2 : 138. pi. 31B. 1853. Liagora paniculata J. Ag. Anal. Cont. 3: 106. 1896. On rocks, etc., from low-water mark down to a depth of at least two meters, Great Bahama, Berry Islands, and Exuma Chain : — Florida ; Jamaica ; and St. Croix. Type from Sand Key, near Key West, Florida. 556 NEMALIONACEAE. 5. Liagora pedicellata M. A. Howe, sp. nov. Thallus usually very soft and flaccid, 4-16 cm. long or high, irregularly monopodial, the main divisions paniculate or pyramido-paniculate, each branch surrounded in the living state by a soft mucous sheath about as thick as the whole diameter of the enclosed branch, this sheath showing a flocculent precipi- tate of microscopic calcareous granules arranged mostly in the walls of irregular alveolae, making surface in dried state minutely alveolate or farinaceous- alveolate; branches for the most part progressively shorter, varying from rather sparse to crowded, tapering slightly to obtuse or subacute apex, 1.2-2 mm. broad towards apex, including more or less calcified mucous sheath, 0.45-0.8 mm. without sheath; central axis in basal parts 1.5-2.5 mm. in diameter, more or less calcified and often denudate, in ultimate branches mostly 150-175^1 in diameter, usually readily visible after decalcification, commonly reduced to about four filaments towards apex, the cells subcylindric-ellipsoid or dolioform, 104- 340^ X 36-104 /u, descending rhizoids 8-13^1 in diameter few in younger parts; fascicles of assimilatory filaments mostly 300-600 ix long, 4-7 times divided, usually subtrichotomous at one or two of the proximal articulations, otherwise dichotomous, intermingled in older parts with simple or subsimple filaments 8-11 cells long, all filaments submouiliate in distal parts, the distal or subdistal cells mostly obovoid, 15-26//. long, 12-16 (20) /* broad; apical hairs numerous, slender, long and flexuous, often cyliudric-capitate, soon gelatinizing, leaving inconspicuous vestigia; monoicous; antheridia in small inconspicuous tufts mostly 13-20 /u. broad, on ultimate and penultimate segments; carpogonial branch straight, 20-25 ix broad, of 4-6 cells (including the usually long pedicel cell) situated terminally or subterminally on the third or fourth segment of the fascicle; cystocarp compact, subhemispheric, 90-215 ici broad, peripheral, ter- minating a rather stout and rigid submonopodial axis or pedicel 300-450 jU (4—8 cells) long, involucre wanting or represented by a few short appressed- decurrent or pendent rhizoidal filaments; carpospores obovoid, ellipsoid, or pyri- form, 23-39 fi X 15-21 /z. On more or less exposed rocks, near the low-water mark (also found washed ashore), Cockburn Harbor, South Caicos (Iloice Soo't — type;, Malcolm Road, South Caicos, Atwood Cay, Mariguana, Rose Island, Whale Cay, Great Bahama : — Florida (Boot Key). Liagora pedicellata is allied to L. pinnata Harv., in general habit, but differs , constantly in being more flaccid and mucous, in the more external or sheathing (usually lighter) calcification, in the smaller simpler more terminal tufts of anther- idia, in the straighter. more terminal carpogonial branches, in the more peripheral, more obviously pedicelled, more compact and homogeneous, large-spored cystocarps, which are destitute of a proper ascending involucre. In L. pciliceUata-, the calcifica- tion is mostly in the external mucous sheath, extending irregularly down among the peripheral filaments in the older parts ; the distal ends of the filaments are covered by it with the possible exception of the tips of the hairs in the. apical region. In L. pinnata the calcification is in among the filaments, the distal ends of most of the filaments, with or without hairs, remaining free or protruding beyond the calcifica- tion. The essentially terminal rather than lateral carpogonial branches might be regarded by some as suflBcient ground for placing the plant in the genus Trichogloea rather than in Liagora. but in habit and other characters the plant is essentially a Liagora, bearing, in fact, so close a resemblance to L. mucosa that a microscopic examination is commonly necessary for their separation. 6. Liagora mucosa M. A. Howe, sp. nov. Thallus very soft and mucous, lightly and irregularly calcified, 5-20 cm. long or high, irregularly monopodial, the main divisions paniculate or pyramido- paniculate, the calcification beginning near the central axis and often extending into the extra-peripheral mucus as mostly isolated flocculent granules, the sur- face in dry state pulverulent, farinaceous, or sometimes minutely alveolate; branches for the most part progressively shorter, varying from rather sparse to moderately crowded, tapering slightly to obtuse or subacute apex, 0.32-0.6 mm. broad tow^ards apex (not including hairs) ; central axis in basal parts 0.7-1.25 mm. in diameter, lightly calcified, often denudate, in ultimate branches mostly CHAETANGIACEAE. 567 45-125 fi in diameter, readily visible, commonly reduced to three or four rather easily separable filaments towards apex, the cells subcylindric or fusiform, mostly 52-300 ^J: X 11-75 ul, descending rhizoids 3-8 fi in diameter few in younger parts; fascicles of assimilatory filaments mostly 150-300 /w long, 3 or 4 times dichotomous, intermingled in older parts with simple or subsimple fila- ments 8-15 cells long, all beautifully moniliate or submoniliate in distal parts at least, the distal or subdistal cells subglobose or bitruncate-subglobose to ellipsoid or obovoid, 13-24 /w long, 13-19 /x broad; apical hairs very numerous, becoming 300-800 ^l long, cylindric-capitate, gelatinizing and leaving incon- spicuous vestigia; dioicous; antheridia forming rather compact subglobose or subhemispheric tufts 25-50 /u broad, crowning ultimate and penultimate seg- ments; carpogonial branch slightly curved, 15-28 /x broad, of four cells (often with conspicuous intercellular spaces), situated latero-terminally on the second or third (rarely first or fourth) segment of the fascicle; cystocarp compact, subhemispheric or subglobose, 100-200 ix broad, with a few rather inconspicuous ascending involucral filaments; carpospores obovoid to pyriform-clavate, 25- 32yu X 14-18^. On more or less exposed rocks, at or near the low-water mark (also found washed ashore), Little Inagua (Howe 5717 — type), Rose Island, Whale Cav, Great Stirrup Cay, Great Bahama: — Florida (Key West, Mrs. G. A. Hall, Mrs. F."^ A. Ctir- tiss) ; Barbados (Vickers. Alg. Barb. 106-^a coarse form). Liagora mucosa resembles L. pedicellata so much in general habit that a microscopic examination is commonly necessary for their distinction, yet it differs constantly in being dioicous, in the larger tufts of antheridia, in the less distal and more lateral insertion of the more curved carpogonial branch, and in the presence of a proper, even though rather inconspicu- ous, ascending involucre for the cystocarp. It differs less constantly in the shorter, more moniliform assimilatory filaments and in the more axial, less extra-peripheral calcification. From Liagora pinnata Harv., the species differs in being dioicous, in being less calcified, in its greater mucosity, in its shorter, more moniliform assimilative fila- ments, etc. From Liagora mcgagiina Borg., recently described from St. Croix, L. mucosa dif- fers in being much more flaccid and mucous, in being less calcified, in the long and numerous apical hairs, in the fascicles of the more moniliate assimilatory filaments being about one half as long, in the absence of rhizoidal trichomes on the assimilatory filaments (except for the decurrent rhizoid springing from the basal segment), in the more curved, usually less stout, and more proximally situated carpogonial branches, etc. Family 3. CHAETANGIACEAE. 1. GALAXAURA Lamour. Nouv. Bull. Sci. Soc. Phil. 3: 185. 1812. DiCHOTOMARiA Lamarck, Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert. 2: 143. 1816. Brachycladia Sender, Linnaea 26: 514. 1853. Zanardinia J. Ag. Sp. Alg. 3: 533. 1876. Thallus terete, villous, hirtous. or pubescent throughout with numerous, crowded mostly free assimilatory filaments. Only tetrasporangia known for reproductive organs ; so-called species of this group probably only non-sexual phases of other species of very different habit. Long and short assimilatory filaments in obvious alternat- ing transverse zones. 1. G. suhvcrticillata. Long and short assimilatory filaments intermingled, not ob- viously zonate. Thallus coarse, reddish, central axes mostly 1-2 mm. in diameter ; intervals between dichotomies mostly 1-3 cm. ; assimilatory filaments often branched, their basal cells commonly amyliferous. 2. O. comans. Thallus more slender, fuscous or reddish, axes mostly 0.6-1 mm. in diameter. Thallus rather divaricately dichotomous. usually fus- cous ; intervals between dichotomies mostly less than 1 cm. ; long assimilatory filaments mostly 0.6-1.5 mm. long. 3. O. lapidesccns. Thallus rather fastigiately dichotomous, usually red- dish ; intervals between dichotomies commonly more than 1 cm. : long assimilatory filaments mostly 0.15-0.7 mm. long. 4. O. flagelUformis. 558 CHAETANGTACEAE. Thallus with a compact cortex, free assimilatory filaments wholly or mostly wanting. Thallus terete or nearly so. at least when living. Thallus continuous or only occasionally and irregularly articulate ; only sexual reproduction known. Thallus slightly or not all annulate, the surface com- monly more or less roughened in lower parts by free assimilatory filaments. 5. G. squaJida. Thallus distinctly annulate or transversely rugose, glabrous or nearly so. 6. G. riigosa. Thallus regularly articulate, the surface glabrous and often polished. Main segments terete, 1-2 mm. broad ; superficial cells 7-27 a broad, mostly with intercellular spaces, rather easily separating on decalcification : only sexual reproduction known. 7. G. ohlongata. Main segments often somewhat flattened. 1.5—4 mm. broad ; superficial cells 24— 40u broad, mostly with- out intercellular spaces, closely coherent after de- calcification ; sexual and tetrasporic plants differ- ing in structure of cortex. S. G. obtusata, Thallus distinctly flattened when living, commonly canalic- ulate on drying ; sexual and tetrasporic plants differing in structure of cortex. 9. G. marginata. 1. Galaxaura subverticillata Kjellm. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. 33^: 48. pi. 3. f. 12-14; ijl. 20. f. 17. 1900. On rocks at low-water mark or in shallow water, probably the tetrasporic phase of G. rugosa. New Providence. Berry Islands, Gun Cay, North Cat Cay, Salt Cay Bank, Mariguana, and Caicos Islands : — Bermuda : Florida ; Cuba ; Jamaica ; Porto Rico ; and American Virgin Islands, Type from St. Croix. 2. Galaxaura comans Kjellm. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. 33^: 44. pi. 2. f. 10-18; « pi. 20. f. 13. 1900. From low -water mark down to 8 meters Hide Borgesen), perhaps the tetrasporic phase of G. ohlongata. Great Baham.a, Berry Islands, and Exuma Chain : — Cuba ; Jamaica ; Porto Rico ; American Virgin Islands ; and Guadeloupe. Type from Guade- loupe. 3. Galaxaura lapidescens (Ell. & Sol.) Lamour. Hist. Polyp. 264. 1816. CoralUna lapidescens Ell. & Sol. Nat. Hist. Zooph. 112. pi. 21. f. g. 1786. Perhaps the tetrasporic phase of G. cylindrica (not yet reported from the Bahamas — similar to G. ohlongata, but more slender). On rocks from low-water mark down to 12 meters (fide Borgesen), Eleuthera : — Cuba ; Jamaica ; Porto Rico ; and American Virgin Islands. Type locality unknown. 4. Galaxaura flagelliformis Kjellm. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. 33^: 47. pi. 3. f. 2-11; 2)1.20. f. 16. 1900. Probably the tetrasporic phase of G. squalida. On exposed rocks at low-water mark or in shallow water. New Providence, Berry Islands. Great Bahama, North Cat Cay, Caicos Islands, and Great Ragged Islands : — Bermuda ; Florida ; Cuba ; Porto Rico ; and American Virgin Islands. Type from Key West, Florida. 5. Galaxaura squalida Kjellm. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. 33^: 55. pi. 6. f. 1-12; pi. 20. f. 9. 1900. From low-water mark on exposed rocks down to at least 20 m.. New Providence, Rose Island, Great Bahama, Watling's Island, Mariguana, Caicos Islands, Castle Island, and Great Ragged Island : — Bermuda ; Cuba ; Jamaica : Porto Rico ; Amer- ican Virgin Islands; and Panama (Colon). Type from St. Croix. 6. Galaxaura rugdsa (Ell. & Sol.) Lamour. Hist. Polyp. 263. 1816. CoralUna rugosa Ell. •& Sol. Nat. Hist. Zooph. 115. pi. 22. f. 3. 1786. On rocks near low-water mark. Great Bahama :- — Cuba ; Jamaica ; Porto Rico ; American Virgin Islands ; and Barbados. Type from Jamaica. GELIDIACEAE. 550 7. Galaxaura oblongata (Ell. & Sol.) Lamour. Hist. Polyp. 262. 1816. Corallina oblongata Ell. & Sol. Nat. Hist. Zooph. 114. ?;?. 2S. f. 1. 1786. Dicliotomaria fragilis Lamarck, Hist. Nat. Aiiim. sans Vert. 2: 14o. 1816. Galaxaura fragilis Decaisne, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. II. 18: 116. 1842. From low-water mark down to 50 meters, South Bimini and Caicos Islands : — Cuba; Jamaica; Porto Rico; American Virgin Islands; Barbados; and I'anama (Colon). Tj'pe from "West Indian Islands." 8. Galaxaura obtusata (Ell. & Sol.) Lamour. Hist. Polyp. 262. 1816. Corallina obtusata Ell. & Sol. Nat. Hist. Zooph. 113. pi. 22. f. 2. 1786. Galaxaura Decaisnei J. Ag. Sp. Alg. 3^: 526. 1876. Galaxaura moniliformis Kjellm. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. 3^: 83. pi. 17. f. 15-30; pi. 20. f. 54. 1900. Mostly in 7-18 meters of water, type attributed to the Bahamas : — Bermuda ; Florida ; Cuba ; Jamaica ; Porto Rico ; Barbados ; and Brazil. 9. Galaxaura marginata (Ell. & Sol.) Lamour. Hist. Polyp. 264. 1816. Corallina marginata Ell. & Sol. Nat. Hist. Zooph. 115. pi. 22. f. 6. 1786. Zanardinia marginata J. Ag. Sp. Alg. 3^: 534. 1876. Brachycladia marginata Selimitz, Flora 47: 438. 1889. Galaxaura occidental is Borg. Dausk Bot. Ark. 3^: 109. /. 118-123. 1916. Low-littoral under shelving rocks or in shallow water, Berry Islands and Great Bahama : — Bermuda ; Florida ; Cuba : .Jamaica ; Porto Rico ; American Virgin Islands ; Barbados; and Panama (Colon). Type from the Bahamas. Family 4. GELIDIACEAE. 1. WBANGELIA Ag. Sp. Alg. 2: 136. 1828. Principal filaments corticated. 1. IF. pcnicUlata. Filaments uncorticated or with loose irregular rhizoidal corti- cations at nodes only. Plants 1-3 cm. high, purple-red ; the conic-acute terminal cells of the ultimate ramuli mostly solitary. 2. W. Argus. Plants 4-10 cm. long or high, usually rose-pink ; the conic- acuminate or acicular terminal cells of the ultimate ramuli mostly geminate. 3. TF. hicuspidata. 1. Wrangelia penicillata (Ag.) Ag. Sp. Alg. 2: 138. 1828. Griffitsia penicillata Ag. Syst. Alg. 143. 1824. Variable in size, color, and habit of branching ; often blackening with age or on drying. On rocks and on other algae from between the tide-lines in sprayed or surf- beaten locations down to a depth of 30 meters (fide Borgesen). New Providence, Great Bahama, North Cat Cay, Berry Islands, Exuma Chain, Watling's Island. Mari- guana, and Caicos Islands : — of wide distribution in the West Indies and in the warmer seas. Type from Italy. 2. Wrangelia Argus (Mont.) Mont. Syll. 444. 1856. Griffithsia Argus Mont, in Webb. & Berth. Phyt. Canar. PI. Cell. 176. pi. 8. f. 4. 1840. Wrangelia pleheja J. Ag. Sp. Alg. 2: 707. 1852. Forming low compact cushions on rocks and algae near the low-water mark, Great Bahama. South Blniini. and the Caicos Islands: — Mexico; Florida: Porto Rico ; American Virgin Islands ; Barbados ; and Canary Islands. Tn>e from the Canary Islands. 3. Wrangelia bicuspidata Borg. Dansk Bot. Ark. 3>: 118. /. 127-130. 1916. On roots of Rliizophora and on various algae and Gorgoniacene, from low-water mark down to 30-40 meters (/?f/c Borgesen). often abundant. Rose Island. Berry Islands. Great Bahama. Exuma Chain. W;itling's Island, Atwood Cay. Caicos Islands, and Great Ragged Island : — American Virgin Islands. Type from American Virgin Islands. 560 GELIDIACEAE. 2. GRALLATORIA M. A. Howe, gen. nov. Thallus filiform, monosiphouous, the primary filaments dorso-ventrally or- ganized, repent, uncorticated, the ramuli (''short branches") lateral and dorsal in origin, in threes or falsely fives and semi-verticillate, or in opposite pairs; opposite lateral ramuli commonly each forking in its basal cell, the two mem- bers simple or subsimple, few-celled, one of each pair ascending, the other de- flexed and terminating in stelliform or avipedate haptera, giving the primary filaments the appearance of walking on stilts; dorsal ramuli comparatively stout, erect, repeatedly ramified, the branching somewhat secundly subdichot- omous or occasionally subtrichotomous. Chromatophore in the younger cells an irregular subspiral band, in the older apparently consisting of numerous minute, more or less confluent granules. Sporangia on ramelli of the dorsal ramuli, usually tetrahedrally divided (tripartite). Other parts unknown. 1. Grallatoria reptans M. A. HoMe, sp. nov. Eepent primary filaments simple or sparingly dichotomous, sinuous, 38-66 n in diameter, their cells 1.5-2 times as long as broad, often bulging slightly above the septum, their walls 5-13 At thick; opposite lateral ramuli from nearly every segment of the primary filament, the ascending prong simple, 200-400 yu. (4-8 cells) long, tapering, about 20 /n in diameter near base, about 8 ^t at apex, the deflexed stilt-like prong simple or once furcate, mostly 150-450 im (4-6 cells) long, slightly tapering, 20-26 /i in diameter; dorsal erect ramuli 1-4 mm. high, springing usually from every second segment of the primary filament, their main axes 34-46 /x in diameter near base, the basal cell 1.5-2 times as long as broad, the succeeding cells mostly 3-6 times as long as broad, the penicillate, or dimidio- subfastigiate terminal divisions subsecund along the inner (anterior) faces of the divisions; tetrasporangia obovoid or pyriform, solitary, or in twos or rarely threes, 52-64 X 40-50 /a (including wall, which is 6-8^1 thick), tripartite or sometimes irregularly divided, mostly on one-celled pedicels; ovoid, globose or pyriform densely granular cysts 60-150 fx. in diameter occasional, especially near the distal ends of the deflexed gralliform filaments; color of plants vinaceous-purple to dark vinaceous-brown (near the color of Wrangelia Argus). Forming a soft purple or reddish-brown lubricous velutinous coating in crevices of surf-beaten rocks near the low-water mark, covering small shells, crustaceous or prostrate algae, etc. In size and habit, the plant bears some superficial resemblance to species of Acrochactium or to Rhodochorton Rothii,hut its affinities are apparently with WrangcUa, from which, however, it amply differs in the characters indicated. Great Ragged Island {Hoice 578.} — type — and 5766). 3. GELIDIUM Lamour. Essai, 40. 1813. 1. Gelidium rigidum (Vahl) Grev. Alg. Brit. Ivii. 1830. Fucus rigidus Vahl, Nat. Selsk. Skr. 5^: 46. 1802. AlmfeUia {?) pinnatula Harv. Xer. Bor.-Am. 2: 169. 1853. Ecliinocaulon rigidum Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. 18: 14. pL 40. f. a-d. 1868. Gelidiopsis rigidaWeh.-v. Bosse, Kec. Trav. Bot. Neer. 1: 104. 1904. Not uncommon in tide-pools and in shallow water, North Cat Cay. South Cat Cay, Watling's Island, Mariguana, Caicos Islands, Great Ragged Island, and Salt Cay Bank : — Bermuda ; Florida ; and the ^Yest Indies in general. Type from St. Croix. KHODOPHYLLIDAaCEAE. 561 Family 5. GIGARTINACEAE. 1. KALLYMENIA J. Ag. Alg. Med. et Adriat. 98. 1842. 1. Kallymenia Limminghii Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. IV. 14: 173. 1860. [As Callymenia Limminghii.] Plants suborbicular or reniform, 5-8 mm. broad, dark red, short-stipitate, sterile. Possibly a young or dwarf condition of E. reniformis (Turn.) J. Ag., but probably distinct. Low-littoral, on a rock shelf in a cavern, Malcolm Road, Calcos Islands : — Guade- loupe, Type from Guadeloupe. Family 6. RHODOPHYLLIDACEAE. 1. CATENELLA Grev. Alg. Brit. Ixiii. 3830. 1. Catenella Opuntia (Good. & Woodw.) Grev. loc. eit. Fucus Opuntia Good. & Woodw. Trans. Linn. Soc. 3: 219. 1797. Catenella pinnata Harv. Ner. Bor.-Am. 2: 201. pi. 29B. 1853. Catenella Opuntia pinnata J. Ag. Sp. Alg. 3^: 588. 1876. On roots and trunks of Rhizophora, etc., littoral, Berry Islands, Great Bahama, Bimini, Conception Island, Watling's Island, and Great Ragged Island : — Bermuda ; Florida ; Jamaica ; and the West Indies in general. Type from Wales. 2. AGARDHIELLA Schmitz, Flora 72: 441. 1889. 1. Agardhiella tenera (J. Ag.) Schmitz, loc. cit. Gigartina tenera J. Ag. Linnaea 15: 18. 1841. Sphaerococcus tener Kiitz, Sp. Alg. 777. 1849. Rhahdonia tenera J. Ag. Sp. Alg. 2: 354. 1852. Solieria chordalis Harv. Ner. Bor.-Am. 2: 121. pi. 23 A. 1853. Not J. Ag. 1842. BJiaMonia Baileyi Harv.; Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. 16: 26. pi. 74. f. c, d. 1866. Sphaerococcus tenuis Kiitz, Tab. Phyc. 18: 27. pi. 75. f. d, e. 1868. [Ac- cording to type in herb. Kiitz.] In shallow water. The type of Sphaerococcus tenuis Kiitz. is said to have come from " archipelago Bahamensi." The species is otherwise unknown from the Bahamas and is apparently uncommon there, at least in winter and spring when most of the collections of algae have been made, though it doubtless occurs : — Massachusetts to Florida and the West Indies ; California ; Peru. Type locality indefinite (southern shores of North America and the West Indian islands). 3. MERISTOTHECA J. Ag. Bidr. Act. Univ. Lund. 8«: 36. 1872. 1. Meristotheca Duchassaingii J. Ag. loc. cit. 37. On rocks, near low-water mark. Gun Cay : — Bermuda and North Carolina to Barbados. Type from Guadeloupe. 4. EUCHEUMA J. Ag. Oix. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh. 4: 16. 1847. 1. Eucheuma isiforme (Ag.) J. Ag. loc. cit. Sphaerococcus isiformis Ag. Sp. Alg. 1: 271. 1822. Gigartina isiformis Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. 18: 3. i)l. 7. f. c, d. 1868. Near low-water mark, especially under shelving rocks and among Rhizophora roots, Exuma Chain : — Bermuda ; Florida ; and the West Indies in general. Type from the West Indies. 662 SPHAEROCOCCACEAE. 5. WURDEMANNIA Harv. Ner. Bor.-Am. 2: 245. 1853. 1. Wurdemannia setacea Harv. loc. cit. 246. On rocks among other algae and on sea-rods, sea-fans, etc., from low-water mark down to at least 20 meters, common, .Toulter's Cay, Berry Islands, Great Bahama, South Cat Cay, Exuma Chain, Atwood Cay, and Caicos Islands : — Bermuda ; Florida ; and Cuba. Type from Key West, Florida. Family 7. SPHAEROCOCCACEAE. 1. GRACILARIA Grev. p. p. Alg. Brit, liv, 121. 1830. Ceramiantemum Donati, Auszug jSTatiir-Gescliichte Adriat. Meers 26. 1753. Ceramiox Aclans. Fam. PI. 2: 13. 1763. ? Plocaria Nees, Hor. Phys. Berol. 42. 1820. Thallus plane or distinctly compressed, di-polychotomous or more or less pinnate. Membranaceous when dry ; main axes or segments mostly 0.3-1 mm. thick. Thallus dichotomo-palmatifid, marginal branches or pro- liferations usually wanting or few. 1. G. lacinulata. Thallus with main divisions subdichotomous. these pin- nately decompound or repeatedly dichotomo-pinnatisect. 2. G. cervicornis. Hard and corneous when dry, cartilaginous when living, mostly 2-7 mm. thick, prostrate or repent, often concrescent or anastomosing, branches irregular, mostly distichous and deflexed. often short and verrucaeform, sometimes sub- terete, digitiform or hapteroid. 3. G. crassissima. Thallus terete or nearly so, corneous when dry. Thallus rather closely and somewhat divaricately subdichot- omous, the ultimate divisions short, often incurved, cervi- corn. 4. G. daniaecornis. Thallus rather distantly and somewhat fastigiately subdichot- omous, the ultimate divisions not cervicorn. o. G. cornea. 1. Gracilaria lacinulata (Vahl) M. A. Howe, comb. nov. Fucus lacinulatus Vahl, Nat. Selsk. Skr. 5-: 39. 1802. Fucus multipartitus Clem, Ensayo 311. 1807. Chondrus agathoicus Lamoiir. Essai 39. pZ. 9. f. 3, 4, 5. 1813. Fucus aeruginosus Turn. Hist. Fuc. 3: 29. pi. 147. 1811. Chondrus aeruginosus Lamour. Essai 40. 1813. Sphaerococcus polycarpus Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. 6: jyl. 352. 1828. Gracilaria multipartita Harv. Phyc. Brit. pi. 15. 1846. Sphaerococcus lacinulatus Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. 18: 30. pi. 87. f. a-d. 1868. In shallow water. Berry Islands : — Massachusetts to Bermuda ; Florida ; Mexico ; and throughout the West Indies ; Europe. Type from St. Croix. ? Gracilaria cervicornis (Turn.) J. Ag. Sp. Alg. 2: 604. 1852. Fucus cervicornis Turn. Hist. Fuc. 2: 132. pi. 121. 1809. Sphaerococcus domingensis (Send.) Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. 19: 8. pi. 22. f. a, h. 1869. In shallow water, New Providence and Caicos Islands : — Florida to Brazil. Type from Jamaica. 3. Gracilaria crassissima Crouan; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. 3*: 78. 1901. ? Gracilaria horizontalis Collins & Hervey, Proc. Am. Acad. 53: 111. 1918. Forming prostrate, crust-like, intertangled masses in shallow water. Berry Islands North Cat Cay, South Cat Cay, and Mariguana : — Bermuda ( ?) ; Porto Rico : and Guadeloupe. Type from Guadeloupe. EHODYMENIACEAE. 563 4. Gracilaria damaecomis J. Ag. Sp. Alg. 2: 597. 1852. In tide-pools and in sliallow water, North Cat Cay and Caicos Islands : — Ber- muda ; Florida ; and the West Indies generally. Type probably from St. Croix. 5. Gracilaria cornea J. Ag. Sp. Alg. 2: 598. 1852. In shallow water, Caicos Islands : — Florida ; Poito Rico. Type from Pernam- buco ( ?). 2. HYPNEA Lamour. Essai, 43. 1813. Hypxophycus Kiitz. Linnaea 17: 102. 1843. 1. Hypnea musciformis (Wulf.) Lamour. loc. cit. Fiicus musciformis Wulf. in Jacq. Collect. 3: 154, x>l. 14. f. 3. 1789. Hypnopliycus musciformis Kiitz. loc. cit. Common in shallow water, extremely variable, Berry Islands, Great Bahama, Bimini. Gun Cay. Exuma Chain, Watling's Island, Atwood Cay, Mariguana, Caicos Islands, and Great Ragged Island : — Massachusetts to Bermuda and Florida and throughout the West Indies ; widely distributed in temperate and tropical seas. Type from Trieste. Family S. RHODYMENIACEAE. 1. CORDYLECIiADIA J. Ag. Sp. Alg. 2: 702. 1852. 1. Cordylecladia irregularis Harv. Ner. Bor.-Am. 2: 156. 1853. Chylocladia rigens J. Ag. p. p. Sp. Alg. 2: 362. 1852. Xot Sphaerococcus rigens Ag. Sp. Alg. 1: 332. 1822. Cordylecladia rigens Collins & Hervey p. p.; C, H., & S., Phvc. Bor.-Am. S186. 1917. In tide-pools and on rocks in shallow water, more or less steel-blue and irides- cent when living, Berry Islands, Bimini, Eleuthera, Exuma Chain, Watling's Island, Atwood Cay, Mariguana, and Great Ragged Island : — Bermuda ; Florida ; Cuba ; Ja- maica ; and Porto Rico. Type from Key West, Florida. 2. OHRYSYMENIA J. Ag. Alg. Med. et Adriat. 105. 1S42. 1. Chrysymenia uvaria (L.) J. Ag. loc. cit. 106. Fucus uvarius [" ovarius"] L. p. p., Syst. Nat. 2: 714. 1767 [ed. 12]. Fucus hotryoides Wulf. in Jacq. Collect. 3: 146. pi. 13. f. 1. 1789. In deep water or under shelving rocks in shallow water. South Caicos : — Ber- muda ; North Carolina: Florida: Porto Rico: American Virgin Islands: Barbados; Brazil ; Canary Islands ; Mediterranean and Adriatic seas, 3. CHAMPIA Desv. Jour, de Bot. Desv. 1: 245. 1808. Mertexsia Thunb.; Roth, Neues Jour. Bot. Schrad. 2}-. 11. 1806. Not Mertensia Roth, Cat. Bot. 1: 34. 1797. Mature segments mostly 0.3-0.0 mm. broad. C. parrula. Mature segments mostly 1-2 mm. broad. C salicornioidcs. 1. Champia parvula (Ag.) Harv. Ner. Bor.-Am. 2: 76. 1853. Chondria parvula Ag. Syst. 207. 1824. On other algae, Thalasfiia, etc., from low-water mark down to 20 fathoms (fide Borgesen), Great Bahama, Exuma Chain, Great Ragged Island, and Caicos Islands: — Massachusetts to Bermuda ; Florida ; and the West Indies generally ; Europe. Type from Cadiz, Spain. ^64 BONNEMAISONIACEAE. 2. Champia salicomioides Harv. Ner. Bor.-Am. 2: 76. pi. 19B. 1853. On other algae, stones, etc., from low-water mark down to 15 fathoms Hide Borgesen). Great Bahama and Caicos Islands: — Florida; American Virgin Islands, etc. Type from Key West, Florida. Family 9. DELESSERIACEAE. 1. HYPOGLOSSUM Kiitz. Linnaea 17: 106. 1843. 1. Hypoglossum tenuifolium (Harv.) J. Ag. Sp. Alg. 3^: 186. 1898. Delesseria tenuifolia Harv. Ner. Bor.-Am. 2: 97. yl. S2B. 1853. Tnder shelving rocks near low-water mark and in deep water. North Cat Cay, Exuma Chain, Caicos Islands, and Great Ragged Island : — ^Florida and American Virgin Islands. Type from Key West, Florida. 2. CALOGLOSSA (Harv.) J. Ag. Sp. Alg. 3^: 498. 1876. Delesseria, sect. Caloglossa Harv. A^'er. Bor.-Am. 2: 98. 1853. 1. Caloglossa Leprieurii (Mont.) J. Ag. loc. cit. 499. Delesseria Leprieurii Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. II. 13: 196. pi. 5. f. 1. 1840. Hypoglossum Leprieurii Kiitz. Sp. Alg. 875. 1849. On roots of RhizopJiora, littoral, probably common, Bimini and Berry Islands : — West Point, N. Y., and Connecticut to northern South America. Type from French Guiana. 3. TAENIOMA J. Ag. Sp. Alg. 2: 1256. 1863. 1. Taenioma perpusillum (J. Ag.) J. Ag. loc. cit. 1257. Polysiphonia perpusilla J. Ag. Ofv. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh. 4: 16. 1847. On or with other algae, in shallow water, West Caicos : — Bermuda ; Porto Rico ; and Mexico. Type from St. Augustin on the Pacific Coast of Mexico. Family 10. BONNEMAISONIACEAE. 1. ASPARAGOPSIS Mont, in Webb & Berth. Phytog. Canar. 4: xiv, XV. 1841. LiCTORiA J. Ag. Linnaea 15: 23. 1841. 1. Asparagopsis taxiformis (Del.) Collins & Hervey, Proc. Am. Acad. 53: 117. 1917. Fucus taxiformis Del. Descr. Egypte. Hist. Nat. 2: 295. pi. 57. f. 2. 1812. Chondria taxiformis Ag. Sp. Alg. 1: 368. 1822. Dasya Delilei Mont, in Webb & Berth. Phytog. Canar. 4: 166. pi. 8. f. 6. 1841. Asparagopsis Delilei Mont. loc. cit. xiv. Lictoria taxiformis J. Ag. Linnaea 15: 23. 1841. In shallow water on reefs down to at least 12 fathoms (fide Borgesen), Green Turtle Cay : — Bermuda ; .Jamaica : American Virgin Islands ; Barbados ; Canary Islands ; and Mediterranean Sea. Type from near Alexandria, Egypt. EHODOMELACEAE. 565 Family 11. EHODOMELACEAE. 1. LAURiiNCIA Lamour. Essai 42. 1813. OSMUNDEA Stackh. Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moseou 2: 56, 79. 1809. Not OSMUNDA L. Sp. PI. 1063. 1753. Branching chiefly monopodial. Walls of medullary cells of main axes with numerous refringent often lenticular or reniform thickenings,* visible through the cortex; fronds or peripheral branches mostly narrowly virgate, with numerous small ultimate ramuli 0.2-0.45 mm. in maximum width. 1. L. microcladia. Walls of medullary cells of main axes without thickenings ; ultimate ramuli mostly more than 0.45 mm. broad. Surface cells of main axes mostly 40-130 u long in sur- face view. Surface smooth or nearly so. Plants rather soft and flaccid, usually pink, yellow- ish pink, or green with pink tips ; ultimate ramuli obovoid to subclavate-cylindric. Plants erect, paniculate-decompound, with well- defined leading axes. 2. L. ohtusa. Plants decumbent or intertangled, without well- defined leading axes, firmer than No. 2 and with more cylindric ultimate ramuli. 3. L. intricata. Plants rather rigid, purple or greenish purple ; ulti- mate ramuli mostly peg-shaped or verrucaeform. 4. L. Poitei. Surface cells, in apical parts at least, with mammilli- form, conic-mammillate or aculeate papillae. 5. L. gemmifera. Surface cells of main axes mostly 20-40 /^ long in surface view ; plants rigid, green or dark greenish purple, cor- neous when dry. 6. L. papiUosa. Branching chiefly dichotomous, subdichotomous, or corymbose. Main segments of thallus 0.75-1.2 mm. in diameter ; plants mostly 4-12 cm. high; branches free. 7, L. Corallopsis. Main segments of thallus 0.22-0.45 mm. in diameter; plants mostly 1-2 cm, high ; branches more or less concrescent or coherent. 8. L. nana. 1. Laurencia microcladia Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. 15: 22. pi. 60. f. h, c. 1865. Laurencia glomerata Suhr; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. 2: 753. 1852. Not L. glomerata Kiitz. Sp. Alg. 857. 1849. Laurencia obtusa gelatinosa Collins & Hervey, Proc. Am. Acad. 53: 119. 1917. Not L. ohtusa gelatinosa J. Ag. Distinguished from all conditions of L. obtusa by its virgate habit, its small ultimate ramuli, and its numerous refringent thickenings of the walls of the medullary cells. On rocks and on other algae, low littoral down to 1 m. or more, New Providence, Berry Islands, Great Bahama, Watling's Island, Mariguana, and Great Ragged Island : — Bermuda ; and northern South America. Type from the West Indies. 2. Laurencia obtusa (Huds.) Lamour. Essai 42. 1813. Fucus ohtusus Huds. Fl. Angl. 586. 1778. Laurencia multiflora Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. 15: 21. pi. 58. f. a, b. 1865. Very common on rocks and on other algae, at low-water 'mark and in shallow water. New Providence, Rose Island, Berry Islands. Great Bahama, North Cat Cay, Exuma Chain. Cat Island. Watling's Island. Atwood Cay, Mariguana. Caicos Islands, Great Ragged Island, and Orange Cay : — Bermuda ; Florida ; and the West Indies generally ; widely distrilnited in the warmer seas. Type from southern England. Specimens from Nassau have been reported under name of Laurencia paniculata by P. S. Collins, Mem. Torrey Club 12: 14. 1902. * The thickenings often lose their refringent character in fluid-preserved material. 566 EHODOMELACEAE. 3. Laurencia intricata Lamour. Essai 43. pi. 3. f. 8, 9. 1813. Not L. intricata Kiitz. Tab. Phjc, 15: 22. pi 61. f. a, l, c. 1865. Xaurencia Chauvini Bory, p. p. max. Diet. Class. Hist. Nat. 9: 239. 1826. Laurencia implicata J. Kg. Sp. Alg. 2: 745. 1852. Perhaps only a variety of L. ohtusa. In shallow water, Rose Island, Great Bahama, Bimini, Abaco, Exuma Chain, Cat Island, Mariguana, and Great Ragged Island : — Bermuda ; Florida ; Cuba ; and Amer- ican Virgin Islands. Type from Antilles. 4. Laurencia Poitei (Lamour.) M. A. Howe; Collins & Hervey, Proc. Am. Acad. 53: 118. 1917. Fticiis Poitei Lamour. Diss. 63, pi. 31. f. 2, 3. 1805. Laurencia tuberculosa J. Ag. Sp. Alg. 2: 760. 1852. Laurencia mexicana Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. 15: 25. pi. 70. f. c, d. 1865. On rocks, etc., in shallow water, New Providence, Berrj- Islands, Great Bahama, Abaco, Cat Island, Watling's Island, Caicos Islands, and Great Ragged Island : — Ber- muda ; North Carolina ; Florida ; the West Indies generallj^ ; Vera Cruz ; and north- ern South America. Type from Santo Domingo. 5. Laurencia gemmifera Harv. Ner. Bor.-Am. 2: 73. pi. 18B. 1853. Laurencia Chauvini Bory, p. p. min. Diet. Class. Hist. Nat. 9: 239. 1826. Sometimes simulating L. Poitei and L. papulosa, but apparently quite distinct, differing from botli in the papillate epidermal cells (at least in apical parts) and differing from L. papulosa, and, in a less degree, from L. Poitei in the larger epidermal cells. In shallow water. Berry Islands, Great Bahama, Bimini, Exuma Chain, Cat Island, Watling's Island, Mariguana, and Great Ragged Island : — Bermuda ; Florida ; Cuba ; American Virgin Islands. Type from Key West, Horida. 6. Laurencia papillosa (Forsk.) Grev. Alg. Brit. lii. 1830. Fucus papillosiis E'orsk. Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 190. 1775. Chondria papillosa Ag. Sp. Alg. 1: 344. 1822. On rocks between the tide-lines and in shallow water. New Providence, Berry Islands, Great Bahama, Gun Cay, Exuma Chain, Watling's Island, Mariguana, Caicos Islands, Great Ragged Island, and Orange Cay :— Bermuda ; Florida ; Cuba ; Santo Domingo ; Porto Rico ; American Virgin Islands ; Barbados ; and northern South America ; widely distributed in the warmer seas. Type from the Red Sea. 7. Laurencia Corallopsis (Mont.) M. A. Howe, in Britten, Fl. Bermuda 519. 1918. Splmerococcus Corallopsis Mont, in Sagra, Hist. Cuba, Bot. PI. Cell. 49. 1842; in Sagra, Ic. PI. Fl. Cuba, pi. 3. f. 1. 1863. Laurencia cervicornis Harv. Ner. Bor.-Am. 2: 73. pi. 18C. 1853. On rocks in shallow water ; reduced abortive forms of what is apparently this species occur also between the tide-lines. New Providence, Berry Islands, Great Ba- hama, and Mariguana : — Bermuda ; Florida ; Cuba ; American Virgin Islands ; and Barbados. Type form near Havana, Cuba. 8. Laurencia nana M. A. Howe, sp. nov. Densely cespitose and intricate, rose-red to garnet-brown, mostly 1 to 2 cm. high, fragile, often innovating from broken ends, dichotomous or subdichot- omous, the branches more or less concrescent or coherent; main segments 0.15- 0.45 mm. in diameter; ultimate branches cylindric or subcylindric, mostly 0.1- 0.35 mm. broad at truncate apex; surface of cortex smooth or lightly crenulate- mammillate, showing numerous or occasional rhizoidal haptera, epidermal cells orbicular-hexagonal and mostly 25-45 /a broad in surface view, firm-walled; tetrasporic branches similar to the sterile or slightly enlarged. On corals, corallines, and sea-fans, near low-water mark, Mariguana {Hoice 5393 — type). Shroud's Cay (Exuma Chain), and Great Ragged Island. EHODOMELACEAE. 567 2. CHONDRIA Ag. p. p. Syn. Scand. xviii. 1817. Cakpocaulon Kiitz. Phyc. Gen. 436. 1843. Chondriopsis J. Ag. Sp. Alg. 2: 794. 18G3. Apices of ultimate ramuli acute, with growing points readily visible, I'lants erect, mostly 5-40 cm. high, without rhizoids e.\cept at base. Primarj' branches more slender than the stout well-defined main axes ; plants large, mostly 15-40 cm. high, yellow- ish brown when dried. 1. C. Uttoralis. Primary branches rather similar to the often poorly de- fined main axes. Plants blackish purple on drying, rather coarse, branch- ing irregular. 2. Catropurpurca. Plants yellowish red or dusky red on drying, more deli- cate, branching sparsely virgate. .3. C. tenuiasima. Plants low-cespitose, 2-.'} cm. high or subrepent, with numer- ous multicellular rhizoidal haptera. 4. C. pohjrhiza. Apices of ultimate ramuli obtuse or truncate, with growing point immersed and hidden in an apical pit. The five pericentral siphons with conspicuous saucer-shaped, dome-shaped, or cup-shaped thickenings of their anterior end-walls, forming regular transverse crenate lines bounding the even-ended bundles of siphons and visible through the cortex. Plants cespitose, the cushions 1-3 cm. high ; main axes mostly 0.22-0.35 mm. in diameter ; apical tufts of fila- ments inconspicuous. 5. C. curviUneata. Plants solitary or merely gregarious, mostly 3-8 cm. high ; main axes 0.4—0.75 ram. in diameter ; apical tufts of tri- choblasts conspicuous, often 0.75 mm. or more in length, becoming yellowish brown or fuscous on drying. 6. C. ColUnsiana. Pericentral siphons without conspicuous thickenings of the anterior end-walls (or such thickenings of only irregu- lar and occasional occurrence). Plants pink, purple, or yellowish red ; main axes mostly 0.5-1.5 mm. in diameter ; ultimate ramuli mostly 0.35- 0.75 mm. in greatest diameter. 7. C. daayphylla. Plants usually yellowish brown ; main axes mostly 0.22- 0.32 mm. in diameter ; ultimate ramuli mostly 0.1-0.2 mm. in greatest diameter. 8. C. leptacremon. 1. Chondria littoralis Harv. Ner. Bor.-Am. 2: 23. 18.53. Cliondriopsis littoralis J. Ag. Sp. Alg. 2: 795. 1863. Carpocaulon littorale Kuntze, Eev. Gen. PI. 3-: 399. 1898. Rather common on moderately exposed shores, near the low-water mark. New Providence, Berry Islands, Great Bahama, Exuma Chain, Watling's Island, Mari- guana, and Caicos Islands : — Florida and the ^yest Indies generally. Type from Key West, Florida. 2. Chondria atropurpurea Harv. Xer. Bor.-Am. 2: 22. pi. 18E. 1853. Chondriopsis atropurpurea J. Ag. Sp. Alg. 2: 801. 1863. Carpocaulon atropurpureum Kuntze, loc. cit. In shallow water, especially in creeks and lagoons, commonly straw-colored when living, Great Bahama, Great Exuma, Watling"s Island, and Great Ragged Island : — Bermuda ; South Carolina ; Florida ; and the West Indies generally. Type from Charleston, South Carolina. 3. ? Chondria tenuissmia (Good. & Woodw.) Ag. Syn. Alg. Scand. xviii. 1817. Fucus tenuissimus Good. & Woodw. Trans. Linn. Soe. 3: 215. pi. 19. 1797. Carpocaulon tenuissimum Kuntze, loc. cit. Laurencia Baileyana Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III. 11 : 63. 1849. Two specimens that we refer provisionally to C. tenuissima differ consid- erably from each other and from the English type of the species, in habit, texture, form and size of the cortical cells, etc. In shallow water, Bimini and Great Bahama : — Massachusetts to Florida and Cuba ; Europe. Type from southern England. 568 EHODOMELACEAE. 4. Chondria polyrhiza Collins & Hervey, Proc. Am. Acad. 53: 121. i?!. 2. f. 12. 1917. In shallow water down to 18 meters {fide Collins), Atwood Cay (with C. curvi- lineata) : — ^Bermuda and American Virgin Islands. Type from Bermuda. 5. Chondria curvilineata Collins & Hervey, Proc. Am. Acad. 53: 120. pi. 2. f. 10, 11. 1917. On corals and among other algae, near low-water mark, more or less iridescent when living, Atwood Cay, Mariguana, and Great Ragged Island : — Bermuda. Type from Bermuda. 6. Chondria Collinsiana M. A. Howe, sp. nov. Fronds erect, solitary or gregarious, mostly 3^-8 cm. high, texture rather soft, color (dried) stramioeous to yellowish rose; branching rather sparsely virgate or paniculate-virgate, with well-defined main axes mostly 0.4-0.75 mm. in diameter; pericentral siphons in all parts with conspicuous saucer-shaped, dome-shaped, or cup-shaped thickenings of their anterior end-walls, forming crescentric or crenate lines in regular transverse series, visible through cortex, the longitudinal walls also occasionally showing somewhat similar or more lenticular thickenings; surface cells mostly 65-160 ju, X 26-40 /t in surface view, 2-5 times as long as wide; ultimate ramuli fusiform-obovoid to eylindric-clavate or cylindric, mostly 0.75-4.5 mm. long, and 0.28-0.45 mm. in greatest diameter, patent or subdivaricate, straight or slightly recurved, solitary and rather widely spaced (0.5^2.5 mm. apart), moderately attenuate or constricted at base, the apex obtuse or subtruncate, crowned with conspicuous tufts of trichoblasts (''leaves") often 0.75 mm. or more in length and becoming yellowish brown or fuscous on drying; the growing point immersed and concealed in an apical pit (sect. Coelochondria) ; tetrasporangia confined to apical part of ramulus or sometimes occupying the whole of it. Chondria Collinsiana differs from C. curvilineata as indicated in above key and also in its yellowish or rose rather than purple-red or brownish red color. On Penicillus, RhipocepJialus, Halimeda, Thalassia, etc., in shallow water, Mari- guana [Howe 5386 — type), New Providence, Berry Islands, ^Yatling■s Island, and Great Bahama. 7. Chondria dasyphylla (Woodw.) Ag. Syn. Alg. Scand. xviii. 1817. Fucus dasyplvyllus Woodw. Trans. Linn. Soc. 2: 239. yl. 23. f. 1. 1794. Chondria sedifolia Harv. Ner. Bor.-Am. 2: 19. pi. 18G. 1853. Chondriopsis dasyphylla J. Ag. Sp. Alg. 2: 809. 1863. Carpocaulon dasyphyllum Kuntze, loc. cit. In shallow water, New Providence, Berry Islands, and Gref\t Bahama : — Massa- chusetts to Bermuda ; Florida ; and Barbados ; southern Europe and the Mediterra- nean. Type from eastern England. 8. Chondria leptacremon (Melv.) De-Toni, Syll. Alg. 4: 848. 1903. Chondriopsis leptacremon Melv. Jour. Bot. 26 : 333. pi. 284. f. 2a, 21). 1888. In shallow water in Rhizophora associations, Exuma Chain and Watling's Island : — Florida. Type from Key West, Florida. 3. ACANTHOPHORA Lamour. Essai 44. 1813. Spines not occurring on the main axes ; main branches narrowly virgate. 1- -4^- spicifera. Spines of occasional occurrence on the main axes ; branching very irregular. 2. A. muscoides. EHODOMELACEAE. 569 1. Acanthophora spicifera (Vahl) Borg. Bot. Tidsskr. 30: 201. /. 18, ID. 1910. Fucus spiciferus Vahl, Nat. Selsk. Skr. 5-: 44. 1802. Fucus acanthophorus Laniour. Diss. 61. pi. 30; pi. 31. f. 1. 1805. Acanthophora Thierii Lamour. Essai 44. 1813. Chondria acanthophora Ag. Spec. Alg. 1: 363. 1822. Acanthophora AntiUarum Mont. Klitz. Tab. Phyc. 15: 27. pi. 75. f. d-g. 1865. In shallow water, especially in sheltered bays, New Providence, Rose Island, Bimini, Exuma Chain, NVatlin^'s Island, Mariguana, and Great Ragged Island: — Bermuda ; Florida ; to Barbados and Brazil. Type from St. Croix. 2. Acanthophora muscoides (L.) Bory, Voy. Coquille, Bot. Crypt. 156. 1828. Fucus muscoides L. Sp. PI. 1161. 1753. Acanthophora militaris Lamour. Essai, 44. 2^/. 4. f. 4, 5. 1813. Chondria muscoides Ag. Sp. Alg. 1: 361. 1822. Acanthophora Delilei Harv. Ner. Bor.-Am. 2: 18. 1853. Not A. Delilei Lamour. Essai, 44. 1813. In shallow water. Great Bahama : — Florida to Brazil and Ascension Island. Type from Ascension Island. 4. DIGENEA Ag. Sp. Alg. 1: 388. 1822. 1. Digenea simplex (Wulf.) Ag. loc. cit. 389. Conferva simplex Wulf. Crypt. Aquat. 17. 1803. Fucus Lycopodium Turn. Hist. Fuc. 4: 6. pi. 199. 1819. Digenea Wulfeni Kutz. Phyc. Gen. 433. 1843. In tide-pools and in shallow water. New Providence. Great Bahama. Bimini, Exuma Chain, Mariguana, and Great Ragged Island : — Bermuda and Florida to Sovith America ; widely distributed in the warmer seas. Type from Trieste. 5. POLYSIPHONIA Grev. Fl. Edinb. 308. 1824. ? POLYOSTEA Donati, Auszug Natur-Ges. Adriat. Meers 22. 1753. HuTCHiNSiA Ag. Syn. Alg. Scand. xx\-i. 1817. Not Hutchixsia R. Br. 1812. Vertebbata S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. PL 1 : 338. 1821. Grammita Bonnem. Jour. Phys. 94: 186. 1822. [Not seen.] Grateloupella Bory, Diet. Class. Hist. Nat. 3: 340. 1823; 7: 480. 1825. DiCARPELLA Bory, loc. cit. 3: 340. 1823; 5: 464. 1824. Carradoria Mart. Fl. Bras. Acot. 15. 1833. Grammitella Crouan, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III. 10: 372. 1848. Pericentral cells four. Uncorticated or with few and inconspicuous cortical cells in older parts. Trichoblasts ("hairs," "leaves") apparently wanting; plants blackish purple, usually not adhering well to paper on drying. 1. P. subtilissima. Trichoblasts manifest, few or numerous. Branching obviously monopodial. Lateral branchlets arising in the axils of tricho- blasts. Main axes mostly 50-90 u in diameter; plants soft and mucous, reddish purple, branches fastigiate. 2. P. havancnsis. Main axes mostly 100-300 u in diameter; plants firmer, brownish purple : branches not fastigiate, very irregular, or the ulti- mate ramuli sometimes short and alternate- distichous or pseudo-distichous. 3. P. Binnciji. Lateral branchlets arising without apparent ref- erences to the trichoblasts ; segments often shorter than broad, outer cell walls in adult parts commonly 12-40 w thick. 4. P.fcrulacea. 37 570 EHODOMELACEAE. Main branching subdichotomous, commonly fastigiate. Plants 0.5-2.5 cm. high, growing chiefly on leaves of Cymodocea, Tlialassia, etc. 5. p. Gorgoniae Plants 4-12 cm. high, yellowish or straw-colored when living, vinaceous-tawny to chocolate-col- ored when dry, commonly bearing frequent short subspinescent patent ramuli, clothed with numerous trichoblasts. 6. P. hapalacantha. Main axes or branches strongly corticated, the main branches virgately clothed with numerous much more slender taper-pointed or subspinescent ramuli. 7 p ramentacea Pericentral cells 8-10, trichoblast few and inconspicuous. 8. P. exilis. Pericentral cells 12-24, trichoblasts usually numerous and very conspicuous. 9, p. opaca. 1. Polysiphonia subtilissima Mont. Ann. Sci. Xat. Bot. II. 13: 199. 1S40. Under shelving rocks, low-littoral, Exuma Chain, and Great Ragged Island: — Massachusetts to northern South America. Type from Cayenne, French Guiana. 2. Polysiphonia havanensis Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot, II. 8: 352. 1837. • From between the tide-lines to a depth of 5 meters, found especiallv on the roots of Rhizophora and in mangrove associations, New Providence, Rose 'island, Great Bahama, Cat Island, Watling's Island, Mariguana. Caicos Islands, and Great Ragged Island : — Bermuda ; Florida ; and the West Indies generally. Type from Havana. 3. Polysiphonia Binneyi Harv. Xer. Bor.-Am. 2: 37. 1853. PolysipJionia havanensis Binneyi J. Ag. Sp. Alg. 2: 960. 1863. In shallow water, possibly intergrading with P. havanensis, but usually very distinct. New Providence, Berry Islands, Joulter's Cay. Great Bahama, Exuma Chain, Watling's Island. Mariguana, Caicos Islands, and Great Ragged Island : — Florida. Type from Key West, Florida. 4. Polysiphonia ferulacea Suhr; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. 2: 980. 1863. Polysiphonia l>7-eviarticulata'RaTy. ^er. Bor.-Am. 2: 3Q.pl.l6B. 1853, Not Hutchinsia hreviarticulata Ag. Syst. Alg. 153. 1824. Usually low-littoral on surf-beaten rocks, New Providence, Berry Islands, Joulter's Cay, Great Bahama, Gun Cay, Watling's Island. Atwood Cay, Mariguana, Caicos Islands, and Little Inagua :^ — Bermuda : Florida ; Mexico ; and the West In- dies generally. Type locality unknown, probably West Indian. 5. Polysiphonia Gorgdniae Harv. Ner. Bor.-Am. 2: 39. 1853. On Cymodocea, Thalassia, corals, sea-fans, and occasionally on the larger algae, in shallow water, New^ Providence, Berry Islands. Great Bahama, North Cat Caj, Watling's Island, Mariguana, and Great Ragged Island : — Florida. Type from Key West, Florida. 6. Polysiphonia hapalacantha Harv. Ner. Bor.-Am. 2: 39. 1853. In shallow water. Great Bahama and Exuma Chain : — Florida. Type from Key West, Florida. 7. Polysiphonia ramentacea Harv. Ner. Bor.-Am. 2: 42. pi. 16 A. 1853. Related to P. foenicuUicea (Drap.) J. Ag. and P. hirta J. Ag. of the Mediterra- nean Sea, but differing considerably in its virgate habit due to the closely set ramuli of nearly uniform length, becoming gradually shorter at apex. On rocks and other algae from low-water mark dowm to a depth of at least two meters. New Providence, Berry Islands, Great Bahama, Exuma Chain, and Little Inagua : — Florida, Type from Key West, Florida. 8. Polysiphonia exilis Harv. Ner. Bor.-Am. 2: 47. 1853. Lophosiphonia ? exilis De-Toni, Syll. Alg. 4: 1070. 1903. Near low-water mark and on sea-fans in shallow water. New Providence, Rose Island, and Great Ragged Island : — Florida. Type from Key West, Florida. EHODOMELACEAE. 571 9. Polysiphonia opaca (Ag.) Moris & De Not. Fl. Capr. 208. pi. 5 II. 1S39, Hutcliinsia opaca Ag. Syst. Alg. 148. 1824. Low-littoral on surf-beaten rocks and in tide-pools, New Providence Berry Islands, Great Bahama, and Watling's Island : — Bermuda ; Florida ; and the Mediter- ranean and Adriatic seas. Type from the Adriatic Sea. 6. BRYOTHAMNION Kiitz. Linnaea 17: 105. 1843; Phye. Gen. 433. 1843. Physcophora Kiitz. loc. cit.; Phyc. Gen. 434. 1. Bryothamnion triquetrum (S. G. Gmel.) M. A. Howe, Jour. X. Y. Bot. Ganl. 16: 222. 1915. Fucus triqueter S. G. Gmel. Hist. Fue. 122. pi. 8. f. 4. 1768. Fucus trifarius Swartz, Prod. 148. 1788. Fucus triangularis J. F. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1383. 1791. Plocamium triangulare Lamour. Essai, 50. 1813. Tham7iop1wra triangularis Ag. Sp. Alg. 1: 226. 1822. Alsidium triangulare J. Ag. Linnaea 15: 28. 1841. Physcophora triangularis Kiitz. Linnaea 17: 105. 1843. Bryothamnion triangulare Kiitz. Sp. Alg. 842. 1849. From low-water mark down to a depth of 30 meters or more, Bimini and Caicos Islands :- — Florida to Brazil. Type locality unknown. 7. LOPHOCLADIA Schmitz, Ber. Deuts. Bot. Ges. 11: 222. 1893. 1. Lophocladia trichoclados (Mert.) Schmitz, loc. cit. Conferva trichocladia Mert. fide Ag. Syst. Alg. 137. 1824. Ceramium Trichocladis Ag. loc. cit. Griffitsia? trichoclados Ag. Sp. Alg. 2: 132. 1828. Dasya trichoclados J. Ag. Linnaea 15: 32. 1841. Dasya lophoclados Mont. Ann. Sei. Xat. Bot. II. 18: 254. 1842. Eupogonium ? trichoclados Kiitz. Sp. Alg. 799. 1849. Polysiphonia trichoclada Kiitz. loc. cit. 819. Polysiphonia lophoclados Kiitz. loc. cit. 834. Lophothalia trichoclados J. Ag. Till Alg. Syst. 6: 64. 1890. Apparently in deep water, usually found washed ashore. Great Bahama : — Ber- muda ; Florida ; Santo Domingo ; American Virgin Islands ; and Barbados. Type from the West Indies. 8. WRIGHTIELLA Schmitz, Ber. Deuts. Bot. Ges. 11: 221. 1893. Main branches persistent, beset with numerous 4-ranked subu- late ramuli 1-4 mm. long. 1. IV. Dlodijctiii. Main branches commonly deliquescent, bearing filiform ramuli or a few subulate ramuli. 2. W. Tumonolc^cz^. 1. Wrightiella Blodgettii (Harv.) Schmitz, loc. cit. Alsidium Blodgettii Harv. Ner. Bor.-Am. 2: 16. pi. 15B. 1853. Usually found washed ashore, presumably from deep water, Great Bahama : — Bermuda and Florida. Type from Key West, Florida. 2. Wrightiella Tumanowiczi (Gatty) Schmitz, loc. cit. 222. Dasya Tumanowiczi Gatty; Harv. Ner. Bor.-Am. 2: 64. 1853. The Bahama plants show five pericentral cells except in ramuli, but appear to be otherwise identical with the Key West type. Found washed ashore, Berry Islands and Abaco : — Florida. Type from Key West, Florida. 57J EHODOMELACEAE. 9. MURRAYELLA Schmitz, Ber. Deuts. Bot. Ges. 11: 227. 1893. 1. Murrayella periclados (Ag.) Schmitz, loe. cit. HutcUnsia periclados Ag. Sp. Alg. 2: 101. 1828. PolysipJwnia periclados Kiitz. Sp. Alg. 822, 1849. BostrycUa Tuomeyi Harv. Ner. Bor.-Am. 2: 58. pL 14E. 1853. Bostry cilia periclados J. Ag. Sp. Alg. 2: 860. 1863. Folysiphonia Binderi Sond. ; Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. 14 : 16. pL 45. f. a, h. 1864. In rock caverns, on the roots of Rhi^ophora, etc., between the tide-lines and in shallow water, Isew Providence and Bimini :— Bermuda and Florida to northern South America. Type from St. Croix. aoitnein 10. AMPHIBIA Stackh. Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 2: 58, 89. 1809. SCORPIURA Stackh. Xer. Brit, ix, xi. 1816 [ed. 2— not seen]. BOSTRYCHIA Mont, in Sagra, Hist. Cuba, PI. Cell. 39. 1838. Xot BostrycUa Fr. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1818: 119. 1818. Helicothamnion Kiitz. Linnaea 17: 105. 1843; Phyc. Gen. 433. 1843. Stictosiphonia Harv. in Hook. f. Pi Antarct. 483. 1847. Fronds stout and rigid, having commonly a spread of 2.5-5 cm. ; sections of main axes showing 3-7 series of pericentral cells ; monosiphonous apices usually short or more commonly wanting. 1. A. Montar/nei. Fronds smaller ; sections of main axes showing 1-3 series of pericentral cells. Branchlets bearing numerous long deflexed and incurved often branched monosiphonous ramelli 20-50 cells long, these cells 26-55 w long, longer than broad ; plants repent or prostrate, forming thin mats ; sections of main axes showing 2 or 3 series of pericentral cells. 2. A. tenella. Branchlets without monosiphonous ramelli or occasionally terminating in monosiphonous prolongations 2—10 (rarely -20) cells long, these cells 15-26^4 long, shorter than broad at least in proximal parts ; main axes show- ing 1 or 2 series of pericentral cells ; plants forming dense mats. Regularly bi-tri-pinnate ; ultimate branchlets, 75-200 u (6-12 cells) long: main branches prostrate or ascending. 3. A. Scrtularia. Bi-tri-pinnate or often more or less quadrifarious through the development of two rows of ventral branches near the bases of the lateral branches ; ultimate branchlets 200-750^ (12^0 segments or cells) long ; main branches deflexed or drooping. 4. A, pectinata. 1. Amphibia Montagnei (Harv.) Kuntze, Eev. Gen. PI. 2: 881. 1891. Bostrychia Montagnei Harv. Ner. Bor.-Am. 2: 55. pi. 14B. 1853. On roots of Rhizophora and rarely on other objects, usually just above the low- water mark, Bimini, Great Bahama, Exuma Chain, and Watling's Island : — Ber- muda ; Florida ; Cuba ; and Jamaica. Type from Key West, Florida. 2. Amphibia tenella (Vahl) Kuntze, Eev. Gen. PI. 2: 882. 1891. Fucus tenellus Vahl, Nat. Selsk. Skr. 5-: 45. 1802. Bliodomela calamistrata Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. 11. 8: 354. 1837. Bostrychia calamistrata Mont.; Harv. Ner. Bor.-Am, 2: 56. pi. 14C. 1853. BostrycUa tenella J. Ag. Sp. Alg. 2: 869. 1863. BostrycUa Vieillardi Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. 15 : 10. pi. S6. f. a-e. 1865. Creeping on rocks, roots of Rliizophora, pneumatophores of Avicennia, etc., near the high-water mark. New Providence, Rose Island, Gref^t Bahama, Gun Cay, Wat- ling's Island, and Caicos Islands : — Bermuda ; Florida ; and the West Indies generally ; widely distributed in the warmer seas. Type from St. Croix. EHODOMELACEAE. 573 3. Amphibia Sertularia (Mont.) :\L A. Howe, comb. nov. BostrycJiia Sertularia Mont. Ann. Sci. Xat. Bot. IV. 12: 176. 1S59. Bostrychia scrtularina Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. 15: 9. pi. S5. f. a-c. 1865. " Bostrychia Mazei Crouan; J. Ag. Anal. Alg. Cont. 4: 83. 1897. Forming dense mats on rocks near the high-water mark, Rose Island, Great Bahama, Gun Cay, Exuma Chain, and Watling's Ishmd : — liermuda to northern South America. Type from Guiana. 4. Amphibia pectinata (Kiitz.) M. A. Howe, sp. nov. Bostrycliia Vicillardi pecti7iata Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. 15 : 10. pi. 26. f. f-li. 1865. Somewhat intermediate between A. tenella and A. Sertularia, being found occasionally in herbaria sometimes under the one specific name and sometimes under the other, but usually, in the West Indies, quite distinct from either species, differing from both in its greater rigidity, in its habit of growth, and in the frequent presence of two rows of "adventitious" ventral branches, show- ing in extreme cases, four ranks of branches of almost equal size and similar development. Between the tide-lines on roots of Rhizophora and pneumatophores of Ariccnnia, rarely pendent from the roofs of caverns, Rose Island. Berry Islands, Great Bahama, Bimini, Exuma Chain. Watling's Island, and Mariguana : — Florida and the West Indies generally ; New Caledonia. Type from New Caledonia. II. HERPOSIPHONIA Nag. in Schleid. & Xiig. Zeits. Wiss. Bot. 3-4: 238 (without mention of species). 1846. Ambronn, Bot. Zeit. 38 : 197. 1880. Main axes or long branches with a branch (or branch rudiment) from each node. Main axes or long branches strongly curved, with convexity dorsal, giving short branches a somewhat squarrose appearance ; short branches mostly S-10 segments long ; plants mostly 4-10 cm. long. 1. //. Pcctcn-Vcneris. Main axes or long branches nearly straight or slightly curved w^ith concavity dorsal ; short branches mostly 12-30 segments long ; plants mostly 1-3 cm. long. 2. H. tcncUa. Main axes or long branches with some of their nodes regu- larly and wholly destitute of branches. Plants of straggling, intricate, or repent habit, elongate and subsimple, 0.5—3 cm. lonp- with apex conspicuously rolled towards dorsal surface; main axes 75— 150^ in diameter, even. 3. H. sccunda. Plants somewhat bi-tri-pinnate, filiculoid, 2.5-5 cm. long, with apex inconspicuously curved towards dorsal sur- face ; main axes 150-250xt in diameter, swollen at nodes in older parts. 4. H. hipitniata. 1. Herposiphonla Pecten-Veneris (Harv.) Falkenb. Ehodomel. 315. 1901. Polysiplwnia Fcctcn-Veneris var. a, Harv. Ner. Bor.-Am. 2: 46. pi. 16C. 1853. On PeniciUus, Halimcda, Tlialassia. and various other objects in shallow water. New Providence, Rose Island. Berry Islands. Great Bahama. Bimini, Andros. Ex- uma Chain, Mariguana. Caicos Islands, and Great Ragged Island : — Florida. Type from Key West, Florida. 2. Herposiphonia teneUa (Ag.) Ambronn, Bot. Zeit. 38: 397. pl.4. f. 9, 11, 13- 16. 1880. Eutchinsia tenella Ag. Sp. Alg. 2: 105. 1828. Polysiphonia tenella J. Ag. Alg. Med. et Adriat. 123. 1842. Polysiphonia Pecten-Veneris var. ^3, Harv. Xer. Bor.-Am. 2: 46. ;>/. 16D. 1853. On sponges, various algae, roots of lihizoiilKini, etc., from low-water mark down to a depth of at least 20 meters. Berry Islands. Great Bahama. Bimini. Exuma Chain, Watling's Island, Mariguana, and Caicos Islands : — Bermuda and North Carolina to Florida and Barbados ; Mediterranean and Adriatic seas. Type from Sicily. 574 RIIODOMELACEAE. 3. Herposiphonia secunda (Ag.) Ambronn, Bot. Zeit. 38: 197. pi. 4. f. 8, 12. 1880. Hutchinsia secunda Ag. Syst. Alg. 149. 1824. Polysiphonia secunda Zanard. Syn. Alg. Adriat. 64. 1841. On Sargassum, Chondria, Lonrenciu, etc., in shallow water, Berry Islands, Great Bahama, Gun Cay. Exuma Chain, Watling's Island, Mariguana, Caicos Islands, and Castle Island : — Bermuda and Florida to Barbados ; Mediterranean and Adriatic seas. Type from the Mediterranean. 4. Herposiphonia bipinnata M. A. Howe, sp. nov. Frond rose-purple, filiculoid or flocculose, free, or subrepent at base only, somewhat bi-tri-pinnate, or paniculate, 2-5 cm. long, the branchlets here and there obviously pectinate-secund; main axes stramineous or decolorate except in youngest parts, 1.50-2.50 /i in diameter, somewhat swollen at the nodes, the segments 11-4-2 times as long as broad, becoming subequal towards apices; peri- central cells usually 10, the central cell large, 50-90 ^u. in diameter; branches obscurely quadrifarious, or subsecund through the abortion of the usually fre- quent lateral long branches, commonly arising from two immediately consecu- tive nodes, one from each, followed by one or two naked nodes, and then by two branches from immediately consecutive nodes, and so on, the branches being sometimes represented by rudiments; long branches abruptly diminishing in size at apex and rather inconspicuously dorsiflexed; short branches 8-12 seg- ments long, slightly flexed or subfalcate, crowned with rather coarse tricho- blasts, often as long as the branch, the segments %-l% as long as broad; sporangia somewhat protuberant, mostly in a single linear series, the sporan- giif erous branch 105-135 ,u in greatest width ; cystocarps ovoid, short-stalked, subtruncate, 380-540 /x X 300-450 /a. In technical microscopic characters, the present species seems to be related to H. secunda, from which, however, it is amply distinct, as indicated in the above key. On Cymodocea, washed ashore, Whale Cay, Berry Islands (Howe 3^97 — type), 12. LOPHOSIPHONIA Falkenb. in Eng. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. T: 459. 1897. Trichoblasts spirally arranged. Pericentral cells usually 11-18. 1. L. ohscura. Pericentral cells usually 6-10. 2. L. subadunca. 3. L. cristata. Trichoblasts in a single secund series on the convex (dorsal) surface of the strongly hamate tips of the erect branches. 1. Lophosiphonia obscura Auct. Xot Hutchinsia ohscura Ag. Sp. Alg. 2: 108. 1828. ? Conferva intertexta Eoth, Cat. Bot. 1: 188. pi. 3. f. 6. 1797. Folysiphonia reptatunda Suhr; Klitz. Sp. Alg. 806. 1849. PolysipJionia adunca Kiitz. Sp. Alg. 808. 1849. Foi'ming mats or a turf on rocks and on roots of Rhizophora between the tide- lines, common. New Providence, Hose Island, Berry Islands, Bimini, Gun Cay, Exuma Chain, Watling's Island. Caicos Islands, and Great Ragged Island : — Bermuda and Florida to the American Virgin Islands ; Adriatic and Mediterranean seas and England. 2. Lophosiphonia subadunca Kiitz. Phyc. Gen. 418. 1843. Hutchinsia ohscura Ag. Sp. Alg. 2: 108 (according to apparent original in herb. Ag.). 1828. Polysiphonia harhatula Kiitz. loc. cit. 417. Polysiphonia pygmaea Kiitz. Phyc. Grerm. 313. 1845. Making a close nap or turf on surf-beaten rocks, between the tide-lines, Exuma Chain : — southern Europe. Type from Corsica. EHODOMELACEAE. 575 3. Lophosiphonia cristata Falkenb. Rhodoniel. 499. pi. 0. f. 7-10. 1901. Making a velvety coating on surf-beaten rocks, low-littoral. Berrj' Islands Mari- guana, and Great Ragged Island : — St. Thomas and Mediterranean Sea. Tvpe from Naples. 13. DIPTEROSIPHONIA Scliinitz & Falkenb. in Eng. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1-: 463. 1897. 1. Dipterosiphonia dendritica (Ag.) Schmitz, loc. cit. 464. ButcMnsia dcndriiica Ag. Syst. Alg. 146. 1824. Creeping on Chamacdoris and on Laurencia pai)illosa, Eleuthera : — American Vir- gin Islands ; Brazil. Tj'pe from Brazil. 14:. AMANSIA Lamour. Nouv. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. 1: 332. 1809. 1. Amansia multifida Lamour. loc. cit. i>l. 6. f. 2C, D, E. Usuallj' found waslied ashore, Eleuthera : — Florida to Brazil. Type from Santo Domingo. 15. HETEROSIPHONIA Mont. Prod. Phyc. Pol. Antarct. 4. 1842. Trichoth AMNION KUtz. Pliyc. Gen. 415. 1843. Main axes uncorticated, mostly 65-130 ^ in diameter; fronds 1-6 cm. long or high. 1. //. M'urdcmauni. Main axes strongly corticated, mostly 0.45-1.1 mm. in diam- eter ; the brownish diaphragms of the central siphon visible through cortex; fronds 4-18 cm. high. 2. //. Gibhcsii. 1. Heterosiphonia Wurdemanni (Bail.) Falkenb. Rhodomel. 638. pJ. 16. f. 11. 1901. ? Callithamnion crispellum Ag. Sp. Alg. 2: 183. 1828. Dasya Wurdemanni Bail.; Harv. Ner. Bor.-Am. 2: 64. 2>?- l^C. 1853. Eesembling a species of Dasya, as pointed out on a later page. On corallines and various other algae, under shelving rocks, on roots of Rhizo- pliora, etc., low-littoral or in shallow water, Berry Islands, Great Bahama. Bimini, Gun Cay, Exuma Chain. Watling's Island, Mariguana, Caicos Islands, and Little Inagua : — Bermuda and Florida to Barbados ; Adriatic and Mediterranean seas. Type from Key West, Florida. 2. Heterosiphonia Gibbesii (Harv.) Falkenb. Khodomel. 653. 1901. Dasya &ibbesii Harv. Xer. Bor.-Am. 2: 59. pi. 15 A. 1853. In tide-pools and in shallow water down to 2 meters or more. New Providence. Berry Islands, Great Bahama, Andros, Eleuthera, Cat Island, Exuma Chain, and Watling's Island : — Florida. Type from Key West, Florida. 16. DASYA Ag. Syst. Alg. xxxiv, 211 (as Dasia). 1824. Ehodonema Martens, Reise nacli Venedig 2: 641. 1824. Dichotomous monosiphonous ramelli (2-4 mm. long) springing without order from the firm cortex, densolv clothing the main axes or deficient in older parts. Stichidia on 1- or 2-celled monsii)honous pedicels, translucent after dehiscence of sporangia, showing central axis clearly. Plants mostly 8-SO cm. high, main axes vaguely quasi- pinnate or virgate ; cystocarps pedicellate. 1. D. peatccUdta. Plants mostly 8-6.5 cm. high, subdichotomous ; ramelli verv soft and mucous, more or less coherent or con- fluent on drying; cystocarps sessile or subsessile. 2. D. Crouduinna. Stichidia sessile or (m 1 -celled pedicels, rather opaque after dehiscence of sporangia and conspicuously zonate-anuu- . late. 3. D. ramosi8!^ima. 576 EHODOMELACEAE. Dichotomous monosiphonous ramelli subvei-ticillate and often subsquarrose, sometimes lightly corticated at base ; main axes well corticated. 4. D. mollis. Monosiphonous ramelli spirally disposed, patent, divaricate, or subsquarrose, divaricately dichotomous. Main axes 0.25-0.75 mm. in diameter, corticated except in youngest parts ; cystocarp subspheric-rostrate, 0.67-0.92 mm. broad. 5. D. Oollinsiana. Main axes 0.1-0.3 mm. in diameter, uncorticated or slightly corticated near base ; cystocarp conic-ovoid, about 0.2 mm. broad (immature). C. D.rigidula. 1. Dasya pedicellata (Ag.) Ag. Syst. Alg. 211. 1824. Sphaerococcus pediceUatus Ag. Sp. Alg. 1: 321. 1822. Bliodoneinu elegans Martens, Reise nach Venedig 2: 641. pi. 8. 1824. Vasya elegans Ag. Sp. Alg. 2: 117. 1828. Mostly in shallow water, New Providence, Berry Islands, and Great Bahama : — Massachusetts to Bermuda ; Florida ; and the northern West Indies ; Adriatic and Mediterranean seas ; Canary Islands. Type from New York. The southern specimens are sometimes yellowish when living instead of the cus- tomary lake-red. 2. Dasya Crouaniana J. Ag. Till Alg. Syst. 6: 95. 1890. On surf -beaten rocks at low-water mark, Exuma Chain : — Florida and Guade- loupe. Type from Guadeloupe. 3. Dasya ramosissima Harv. Ner. Bor.-Am. 2: 61. 1853. The verticils of sterile cells of tbe stichidia are inclined to be protuberant and they occasionally develop into few-celled simple or one-brauched tricho- phylls. In two observed cases the stichidium was forked near the apex. On roots of Rhizophora near low-water mark, Great Bahama : — Florida. Type from Key West, Florida. 4. Dasya mollis Harv. Ner. Bor.-Am. 2: 62. 1853. On roots of Rhizophora, under shelving rocks, etc., near low-water mark, Exuma Chain and Little Inagua : — Florida and Cuba. Type from Key West, Florida. 5. Dasya CoUinsiana M. A. Howe, in Britton, Fl. Bermuda 524. 1918. The only specimen seen differs from the Bermudian type in being more laxly branched, in being less manifestly dichotomo-corymbose, in the more '^ocellate" congestion of the ramuli at the apices, and in the lighter cortica- tion. It also bears cystocarjDs, hitherto undescribed for this species. These are sessile, subspheric-rostrate, 670-920 /a broad, 600-750 /u, high (without beak) the beak being 350-500 fx long. In its cystocarps it seems to resemble D. ramosissima, but the ramuli of D. CoUinsiana are coarser and more divaricately dichotomous and have a regularly spiral arrangement while those of D. ramosis- sima are irregular or inclined to be subverticillate. In 2 meters of water. Great Bahama : — Bermuda. Type from Bermuda. 6. Dasya rigidula (Kutz.) Ardiss. Florid. Ital. 2: 140. 1878. Eupogoniuvi rigidulum Kiitz. Phyc. Gen. 415. 1843; Tab. Phyc. 14: pi. 85. f. G, d. 1864. Eupogonium squarrosum Kiitz. Phyc. Gen. 415. 1843; Tab. Phyc. 14: pi. 85. f. a, J). 1864. Dasya squmrosa Zanard. Mem. 1st. Veneto 13: 163. pZ. 53B. 1866. Not Dasya squarrosa Harv. in Hooker, J. D., Fl. New Zealand 2: 232. 1855. Much resembling Heterosiplionia Wurdemanni in size, habit, and micro- scopic characters and easily confused with that species, but differing in its radial instead of dorsiventral organization, in having its ramuli spirally dis- EHODOMELACEAE. 577 posed and one springing from each segment, while IT. Wurdemanni has two- ranked ramuli, one from every second segment; the main axes of D. rigidula are also sometimes corticated towards base. On rocks and various algae in shallow water, Berry Islands, Great Bahama and Exuma Chain : — Bermuda ; Adriatic and Mediterranean seas. Tj'pe from Spalato Adriatic Sea. 17. DASYOPSIS Zanard. Saggio Class. Fie. 52. 1843. EUPOGODON Kiitz. Phyc. Germ. 312. 184.5. 1. Dasyopsis Antillarum M. A. Howe, sp. nov. Plants dark vinaceous-purple, claret-brown, or orange-rufous, 4-10 cm. high, rather copiously, irregularly and radially branched, or quasi-pinnate, occa- sionally subdichotomous below; main axes subterete or slightly flattened, 1-2.5 mm. in diameter; principal branches showing more or less numerous subspines- cent branehlets 1-3 mm. long, the surface clothed at and near the apices, or sometimes to bases of the branches and branehlets, with more or less tufted dichotomous, monosiphonous, often early deciduous ramelli, these springing chiefly from slightly elevated cushions or sorus-like spots, the segments mostly 15-26 fji in diameter, usually 3-6 times as long as broad ; cortical cells mostly rather short, 12-70 /^ long, 1-5 times as long as broad; stichidia fusiform, 300- 450 fJi long, 75—150 fi in maximum width, borne close to the rhachides, on one- celled pedicels or sometimes apparently sessile on the rhachides, occasionally proliferous at apex and bearing short trichophylls. On corals in shallow water and washed ashore, Fort George Cay, Caicos Islands {HoicG 5625 — type), and Atwood Cay. Dusijopsis Antillarum in color and in the character and arrangement of the monosiphonous ramelli bears some resemblance to small conditions of Da-siia pcdiccl- lata, but differs in the more copious and more irregular branching, in having short subspinescent branehlets, in the shorter cortical cells, in the absence of visible peri- central siphons at the apices, in the more proximal location of the stichidia, etc. From the Bermudian Dasyopsis spinuligera (Collins & Ilervev) M. A. Howe {Dasi/a spimiligera Collins & Herv. Proc. Am. Acad. 53: 130, pi. J,, f. 2',, 25. 1017), D. Antil- larum differs in being much larger and coarser, in the more vinaceous-purple color, in the softer longer-celled monosiphonous ramelli, and in the shorter, more fusiform stichidia (the stichidia of D. spinuUgera are eventually cylindric, with conic apex, and 600-800 M long by 75-80 w in diameter, and they are often geminate). From the Adriatic and Mediterranean Dasiiopfit in diameter. Thallus with rounded-obtuse or subtruncate warts or bosses 4-10 mm. broad and high; superficial layers exfoliating along concentric or zonate lines ; conceptacles 1-1.2 mm. in diameter. Thallus fruticulose, the Drimary crust usually disappearing or concealed by the erect branches. Branches much anastomosed, compressed oi- sul)terete and 1.25-3.1 mm. in diameter, or becoming flabellate or some- what foliar and l(»-2r» mm. broad by 1-2 mm. thick. ,". a anonrtuin Branches terete or subterete. Plants attached, the intertangled frequently anastomosing branches forming rather compact cushions. 0. (j. (Irciitrsmis Plants commonly free, the branches mostly erect and strict or, in free-lying conditions, few, elongate, and very ir- regular or somewhat cervicorn. 7. (!. Htrictum. 1. Goniolithon solubile Fosl. & Howe, K. Noi>ke Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. 1907": 21. 1907. Goniolitlion Notarisii proinnquum Fosl, loc. cit. 1899'': 21. 1900. Goniolithon inopinquum FobI. loc. cit. 1908'-: 4. 190S. Litliophyllum {?) propinquum Lemoine, in Borg. Dansk Bot. Ark. 3': 166. /. 161, 162. 1917. The name sohibile appears to be the first name given to this phmt in the specific category, propinquum antedating it as a form name only. On old corals, coral pebbles, and old shells in shallow water, sometimes cover- ing and smothering living corals of fruticose habit. Uose Island, (ireat Bahama. Cat Island, Atwood Cay, Mariguana, and Castle Island : — ^Florida to Barliadus. Type from Culebra Island, I*orto Rico. 2. Goniolithon accretum Fosl. & Howe, Bull. X. Y. Bot. Card. 4: 131. pi. So. f. 2; pi. 91. 1906. Lithophyllum accretum Lemoine, in Borg. Dansk Bot. Ark. 3*: 159. 1917. On surf-beaten limestone rocks near low-water mark or in tide-pools or on old corals or pebbles. Berry Islands. South Cat Cay, Watling's Island, Mariguan:i. and Castle Island : — Florida to American Virgin Islands. Type from Sand's Key, Florida. 3. Goniolithon Boergesenii Fosl. K. Norske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. 1900' : 1 9. 1901. Porolithon Boergesenii Lemoine, in Borg. Dansk Bot. Ark. 3': 17S. f. 168, 169. 1917. On old shells, corals, and calcareous pebbles in shallow water. Berry Islands, Mariguana, and Caicos Islands : — Florida to Barbados. Type from St. Ci-ois. 4. Goniolithon dispalatum Fosl. & Howe, K. Norske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. 1908'-: 6. 1908. On calcareous rocks at low-water mark. Atwood Cay. Type from Atwixxl Cay. 5. Goniolithon acropetum Fosl. & Howe, Bull. Torrey Club 33: 577. 19t'6. Litliophyllum acropetum Lemoine, in Borg. Dansk Bot. Ark. 3': 151. 1917. Sometimes approaching G. Ucoutcscens and G. utrictKin, which appear to inter- grade and forms of which are close to the earlier-published (/. fnttcticcnii of the South Pacific. On old corals and calcareous rock in shallow water, (at Island and Salt Cay : — Porto Kico. Type from Culebra Island, I'orto Uico. 6. Goniolithon decutescens (Hcyd.) Fosl.; M. A. Howe, in Britton, Fl. Ber- muda 538. 1918. Lithothamnium (.?) decutescens Heyd. Bot. .lalirb. 28: 541. pi. 11. f. 7. 11 Ja 1901. Goniolithon {?) spectabilc FobI. K. Norske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. 1900' : 16. F 1901. 38 586 CORALLINACEAE. ; Goniolithon EMzoplwrae Fosl. & Howe, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 130. pi. 8S. f. 2. 1906. . ? GoniolitJw7i strictum nanum F'osl. & Howe, loc. cit. 131. pi. 8B. f. 7. ? LitJiopTiyllum strictum nanum Lemoine, in Borg. Dansk Bot. Ark. 3M 164. /. 159, 160. 1917. On rocks, old corals, shells of (sometimes living) molluscs, etc., in shallow water, common, Rose Island, Berry Islands, Great Bahama, North Cat Cay, South Cat Cay, Eleuthera, Exuma Chain, Watling's Island. Caicos Islands, and Great Ragged Island : — Bermuda and Florida to American Virgin Islands. Type from Bermuda. 7. Goniolithon strictum Fosl. K. Norske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. 1900'': 14. 1901. Goniolithon intermedium Fosl. loe. cit. 15. Lithophyllum strictum Lemoine, in Borg. Dansk Bot. Ark. 3^: 164. 1917. Mostly unattached or forming mats, in shallow water, common. New Providence, Rose Island, Andros, Berry Islands, Bimini, North Cat Cay, Cat Island, Watling's Island, and Mariguana : — Bermuda ; Florida ; and Jamaica. Type from Florida, 4. LITHOPHYLLUM PMlippi, Wiegm. ArcMv Naturgesch. 3^: 387. 1837. Conceptacles 80-160/* broad, usually abundant; thallus thin ( 100-300 w thick), its surface nearly smooth or roughened by substratum. 1. L. carihaeum. Conceptacles 200-600 u in diameter. Thallus thin (mostly 50-600w thick), smooth, forming subor- bicular crusts 2-10 mm. broad, epiphytic ; vertical section showing small cells in superficial layer only. 2. L. pustiilatiim. Thallus usually thiu (200-500/*; very rarely 5-10 mm. thick) ; the surface showing imbricate, reniform-auriculate or semiorbicular lamellae ; vertical section showing a regu- lar alternation of vertically elongate cells and very short flattened or discoid cells ; usually on shells, old corals, etc. 3. L. prototypum. Thallus 0.5 mm.-6 cm. thick ; the surface with densely crowded knobs, verrucae, or short branches ; vertical sec- tions showing irregular, often subcrescentic or sublunate zonations ; conceptacles 200-300/* in diameter, becoming overgrown and included. 4. L. munitum. 1. Lithophyllum caribaeum (Fosl.) Fosl. K. Norske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. 1906«: 22. 1907. Lithophyllum decipiens carihaeum Fosl. loc. cit. 1906^: 18. 1906. Forming thin white or light pink crusts on rocks, pebbles, and shells from just above low-water mark down to 15 fathoms {Me Borgesen), Watling's Island and Great Ragged Island : — Jamaica and American Virgin Islands. Type from the West Indies. 2. Lithophyllum pustulatum (Lamour.) Fosl. K. Norske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. 1904^: 3. 1904. Melohesia pustulata Lamour. Hist. Polyp. 315. pi. 12. f. 2. 1816. Dermatolithon pustulatum Fosl. K. Norske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. 1900^ 21. 1900. On Dilophus, Dictyota, Sargassum, Ilalimeda and Thalassia, in shallow water, Berry Islands, North Cat Cay, Watling's Island, Atwood Cay, and Little Inaguu : — New England to Jamaica ; Europe. Type from France. 3. Lithophyllum prototypum Fosl. K. Norske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. 1897^: 18. 1897. Dermatolithon {?) prototypus F'osl. loc. cit. 1900^: 22. 1900. On old corals, shells, etc., near low-water mark or in shallow water, Exuma Chain and Atwood Cay : — Florida ; Jamaica ; Porto Rico ; and American Virgin Islands. Type from St. Croix. CORALLTXACEAE. 587 4. Lithophyllum munitum Fosl. & Howe, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gar.l. 4- }[V> pi SO 88, 89. 1906. ' Covering an old coral near low-water mark under shelving rocks, Cave Cays Exuma Chain : — Jamaica and I'orto liico. Type from Cave Cays. ' 5. POROLITHON Fosl. K. Norske Vidensk. Sclsk. Skr. 1909=': 57. 1909. Vertical sections (of decalcified material) showing vertical rows of small oval, sub- globose, or ellipsoidal perithallic cells, mostly 4-12(1 high, with the firmly coherent horizontal lamellations usually obscure or unrecognizable ; grouped heterocysts mostly 13-15^ broad. 1. P. pachydennuin. Vertical sections (of decalcified material) showing distinct horizontal lamellations, easily separable in pairs, each pair consisting of one moderately long-celled layer (cells 12-2~>ix high) and one inconspicuous short-celled layer (cells 3-Gu high) ; grouped heterocysts mostly 20-26 u broad. 2. P. improccrum. 1. Porolithon pachyderraum (Fosl.) Fosl. loc. cit. LithophyUum oncodes pachydermum Fosl. loc. cit. 1904^: 5. 1904. Lithophyllum pachydermum Fosl. K. Norske Vidensk. Selsk. Aarsber. 1905 : 22(6). 1906. On rocks, corals, corallines, etc., near low-water mark, New Providence, Berry Islands, Great Bahama. South Cat Cay, Atwood Cay, Mariguana, and Great Ragged Island : — Jamaica ; Porto Rico ; American Virgin Islands ; and Barbados. Type from West Indies. ■)> 2, Porolithon improcerum (Fosl. & Howe) Lemoine; in Borg. Dansk Bot. Ark. 3^: 1.51. 1917. Goniolithon improcerum Fosl. & Howe, K. Norske Vidensk. Sclsk. Skr. 1907«: 24. 1907. Hydrolithon improcerum Fosl. loc. cit. 1909": 55. 1909. On old corals or calcareous rocks, near low-water mark. The basis for recording this species from the Bahamas is a note from M. Foslie (in litt.) to the effect that a specimen of Goniolithon propinquum {— G. soluhilc) from Mariguana (H oh- e 5330) was "partly covering Goniolithon (IlydroUthon) impro- cerum." In the type (from Jamaica), the species accompanied Porolithon pachy- dermum, which it resembles in habit. In structure the plant is suggestive of Litho- phyllum prototypuni, from which, however, it differs in the presence of heterocysts (in groups) as well as in general habit and in the mostly smaller conceptacles. 6. FOSLIEIiLA M. A. Howe, nom. nov. Type: Melohesia farinosa Lamour. Hist, Polyp. 315. pi. 12. f. 3. 1816. MELOBESiA,subgen.EuMELOBESiA Fosl. K. Norske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. 1905^: 1905. Melobesia Lamour. p. p. min. Hist. Polyp. 313. 1816. Not Melobesia Lamour. Nouv. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. 3: 186. 1812 (type, CoralUna membranacea Esper). Thallus 1-3 cells thick. Heterocysts present; growing on other algae. 1. F. farinosa. Heterocysts wanting; growing on Thalassia. 2. F. LijoUsii. Thallus mostly 8-10 cells thick except at or near the unistra- tose margin ; growing on Cliamaedoris. 3. F. ChamacOoris. 1. Fosliella farinosa (Lamour.) M. A. Howe, condx nov. Melobesia farinosa Lamour. Hist. Polyp. 315. pi. 1'2. f. S. 1816. On various algae (Dictyota, Dilophus. Pudina, Sargassuin, and Polysiphonia), in shallow water, verv common. Rose Island, Berry Islands. Watling's Island, Marl- guana, and Little Inagua : — Massachusetts to Barbados; widely distributed. Type European. 588 CORALLINACEAE. 2. Fosliella Lejolisii (Eosau.) M. A. Howe, comb. nov. Melohesia Lejolisii Eosan. Mem. Soc. Imp. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 12: 62. pi. 1. f. 1-13. 1866. On Thalassia in shallow water. Berry Islands and Watling's Island : — Nova Scotia to Florida ; Europe. Type frona Cherbourg, France. 3. Fosliella Chamaedoris (¥osI. & Howe) M, A. Howe, comb. nov. Lithophyllum Chamaedoris Fosl. & Howe, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 134. 2)1. 90. f. 1. 1906. Melohesia {Pliostroma) Chamaedoris Fosl. & Howe, K. Xorske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. 1908": 6. 1908. Encrusting and often completely encircling the stalks of Chamaedoris Pcnicuhim, from low-water mark (under shelving rocks) down to a depth of 40 meters (fide Borgesen), Cave Cays, Exuma Chain: — American Virgin Islands. Type from Cave Cays. 7. AMPHIROA Lamour. Xouv. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. 3: 186. 1812. Thallus usually distinctly flattened, 1—3 mm. broad, the branches 2-5 at a node, often patent or arcuate-deflexed. 1. A. Trihiiliis. Thallus terete or subterete, 0.1.5-1.4 mm. in diameter. Thallus 0.15-0.6 mm. in diameter, usually yellowish or pale rose when living, commonly dichotomous (rarely 3-5 branches at a node) : nodes at the dichotomies, the nodal cushions conspicuous, often protuberant or their diameter equaling that of the segment, which is often enlarged at the nodes. 2. A. fragiUssima. Thallus 0.45-1.4 mm. in diameter, bluish-violet when liv- ing ; nodes mostly above the dichotomies, often obscure or more or less deficient, the nodal cushions short and their diameter V2-% that of the segments. 3. A. rigida antillana. 1. Amphiroa Tribulus (Ell. & Solaud.) Lamour. loc. cit. Corallina Tribulus Ell. & Soland. Xat. Hist. Zooph. 124. pi. 21. f. e. 1786. In shallow water. South Cat Cay and Watling's Island : — Cuba and Porto Rico. Type from the West Indies. 2. Amphiroa fragilissima (L.) Lamour. Hist. Polyp. 298. 1816. Corallina fragilissima L. Syst. Nat. 1: 806. 1758 [ed. 10]. Amphiroa dehilis Kiitz. Sp. Alg. 700. 1849. Variable as to diameter of the segments and in the presence or absence of nodal enlargements of the segments, and possibly including two spcies. Whether Linnaeus originally described the species from an actual specimen or relied wholly upon Sloane 's description and figure of a Jamaican plant is not alto- gether clear. Forming mats, especially in association with Thalassia and Cijmodocea in shal- low bays, common. New Providence. Berry Islands, Bimini, South Cat Cay, North Cat Cay, Watling's Island. Atwood Cay. and Mariguana : — Bermuda and Florida to Bar- bados ; East Indies. Type "in Indiis " (Jamaica ?). 3. Amphiroa rigida antillana Borg. Dansk Bot. Ark. 3^: 182. /. 171-173. 1917. In shallow water, often with A. fragUissima.hut always distinct, South Cat Cay, North Cat Cay, and Mariguana : — Florida to Barbados. Type (of var.) from St. Croix. 8. CORALLINA L. Syst. Nat. 1: 805. 1758 [ed. 10]. Rather vaguely and irregularly pinnate or subverticillate, the branches often few ; segments of main axes terete or subterete, 1.5-6 times as long as broad. 1. C. cnhensis. Pinnate or bipinnate, the rapidly tapering branchlets somewhat penicillate or fasciculate ; segments of main axes distinctly flat- tened, cuneate-obovate, or inversely deltoid, about as broad as long. 2. C. suhulata. ECTOCARPACEAE. 589 1. CoraUina cubensis (Mont.) Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. 8: 37. pi. 77. f. c, e, /. 1858. Jania cuhensis Mont.; Kiitz. Sp. Alg. 709. lS-t9. Forming dense cushions on various algae (SaryanHum, Galuxaura Ditfcnra etc ) and on rocks with other algae, in shallow water, often associated witli snt-cies of Jama, ^ew Providence, Berry Islands, Great Bahama, Gun ("ay, ("aicos Islands and Great Bagged Island: — Florida to the American Virgin Islands. Type from Cuba. 2. Corallina subulata Ell. & Soland. Nat. Hist. Zooph. 119. pi. 21. f. B, b. 1786. On or with Amau.sia iniiltifida, Eleuthera : — Brazil. Type from the West Indies. 9. JANIA Lamour. Xoiiv. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. 3: 18(5. 1812. The characters relied upon to distinguish the currently recognized European and West Indian species of Jania appear to be unstable and unsatisfactory and the determinations often arbitrary. Branches mostly strict and fastigiate, mostly 100-160^1 in diam- eter, the terminal segments usually acute or taper-pointed. 1. ./. nibins. Dichotomies mostly wide-angled, the branches often subdivaricate, recurved, and interwoven, the terminal segments usually obtuse. Segments mostly 90-150 ^ in diameter and 2-4 times as long as broad. 2. ./. ailhacrcna. Segments mostly 50-1 00 /x in diameter and 4-10 times as long as broad. 3. J. cajjiUacca. 1, Jania rubens (L.) Lamour. loc. cit. CoraUina rubens L. Syst. Nat. 1: 806. 1758 [ed. 10]. On Sargassum , Chondria, and other algae, from low-water mark down to a depth of 10-20 meters, Rose Island, Great Bahama. Exuma Chain. Watling's Island. Caicos Islands, and Great Ragged Island : — Bermuda ; Florida ; Cuba ; and probably through- out the \Yest Indies. Type European. 2, Jania adhaerens Lamour. Hist. Polyp. 270. 1816. Corallina adliaerens Kutz. Tab. Phyc. 8: 40. pi. 83. f. d, f, g, h. 1858. On Sargassum, Bryothamnion, Gclidium, etc., in shallow water: — American Vir- gin I s hinds ; Red Sea; Japan. Type from the Mediterranean Sea (V). 3, Jania caplllacea Harv. Ner. Bor.-Am. 2: 84. 1853. On Sari/assum . pneamatophores of Aciceiinia. etc., in shallow water, and more or less free in lagoons. New I'rovidence, Rose Island. Berry Islands, and Great Ragged Island : — North Carolina and Florida. Type from Bahia Honda, Florida. Subclass PHAEOPHYCEAE. Family 1. ECTOCARPACEAE. 1. PYLAIELLA Bon-, Diet. Class. Hist. Nat. 4: 393 (as PilaycUa). 1823. 1. PylaieUa Antillarum (Grun.) De-Toni, Syll. Alg. 3: 535. 1895. Ectocarpus (Pilayella) Antillarum Grun. Reise Novara Bot. 1: 46. pi. -/. /. 2. 1867. PylaieUa sp. Bornet, Rev. Gen. Bot. 1: 9. 1889. PylaieUa Hooperi De-Toni, Syll. Alg. 3: 537. 1895. Probably not Ecto- carpus Hooperi Harv. Ner. Bor.-Am. 1: 143. pi. HE. 1852. Forming yellowish brown, subcylindric. wick-like tufts. L.'t-.'i.o cm. high in tide- pools and low-littoral on surf-beaten rocks. Great Stirrup Cay, Berry Islands : — Bermuda to northern South America. Type from Guadeloupe. 590 ENCOELIACEAE. The filaments are mostly 25-40 n in diam., while Grunow's description of the type makes the diameter only 11-25 fx, but as the base of one of the filaments figured by Grunow is nearly 35 n broad it seems difficult to distinguish the Bahamian plant. The later-described P. fulvescens (Schousb.) Bornet may be a synonym, but perhaps differs in the more protuberant, sometimes laterally geminate sporangia. 2. ECTOCARPUS Lyngb. Hydroph. Dan. 130. 1819. 1. Ectocarpus Mitchellae Harv. Ner. Bor.-Am. 1: 142. pi. 12G. 1852. On Thala-ssia, etc., in shallow water. Berry Islands, Great Bahama, and Exuma Chain : — Massachusetts to American Virgin Islands ; apparently widely distributed in temperate and tropical seas. Type from Nantucket, Mass. Family 2. SPHACELARIACEAE. 1. SPHACELARIA Lyngb. Hydroph. Dan. 103 p.p. 1819. 1. Sphacelaria tribuloides Menegh. Lett, al Corinaldi 2. 1840. [Not seen.] Low-littoral. Berry Islands : — Bermuda to Mexico and Barbados ; widely dis- tributed in the warmer seas. Type from Italy. Family 3. ENCOELIACEAE. 1. PHAEOSTROMA Kuckuck, in Eeiubold, Sclirift. Naturwiss. Ver. Schleswig-Holst. 10: 43. 1893. 1. Phaeostroma pusillum Howe & Hoyt, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6: 109. pi. 11. f. 1-9. 1916. Making minute discs. 0.15-0.35 mm. in diameter, on PolysipJionia fervlacea; the unilocular sporangia mostly in sori. Berry Islands: — North Carolina (type). 2. COLPOMENIA (Endl.) Derb. & Sol. Mem. Phys. Alg. 11. 1856. ]. Colpomenia sinuosa (Both) Derb. & Sol. loc. cit. [C. siniiata by misprint.] Ulva sinuosa Eoth, Cat. Bot. 3: 327. pi. 12. 1806. Encoelium sinuosum Ag, Sp. Alg. 1: 146. 1820. Asperococciis sinuosus Bory, Exped. Sci. Moree 3": 326. 1832. Hydroclathrus sinuosus Zanard.; Mitchell, in Murray, Phyc. Mem. 53-56. pi. 14. pi. 15. f. 1. 1893. On rocks near low-water mark or in shallow water. Gun Cay : — Bermuda and Florida to Brazil ; Peru : widely distributed in warm-temperate and tropical seas. Type from near Cadiz, Spain. 3. HYDROCLATHRUS Bory, Diet. Class. Hist. Nat. 8: 419. 1825. 1. Hydroclathrus clathratus (Bory) M. A. Howe, comb. nov. Encoelium clathrahim (Bory) Ag. Sp. Alg. 1: 412. 1822. Hydroclathrus cancellatus Bory, Diet. Class. Hist. Nat. 8: 419. 1825. Stilopliora clathrata Ag. Flora 10: 642. 1827. AsperocoGcus clathratus J. Ag. Sp. Alg. 1: 75. 1848. On rocks near low-water mark or in shallow water. Gun Cay and North Cat Cay : — Bermuda and Florida to Brazil ; widely distributed in warm-temperate and tropical seas. Type from Belle Isle, France. FUCACEAE. 591 Family 4. MESOGLOIACEAE. 1. CASTAGNEA Derb. & Sol. Mem. Phys. Alg. 5G. 1S5G. 1. ?Castagnea Zosterae (Mohr) Thurct; Le Jol. Liste Mar. Alg. Cherbourg 85. 1864. Eivularia Zosterae Mohr, in Weber, Beitr. Xaturkunde 2: .367. 1810. Mesogloia Zosterae Aresch. Liiniaea 16: 228. i^l- 8. f. la, b. 1842. On Thalassia, etc., Berry Islands and North Cat Cay : — Bermuda to American Virgin Islands ; Europe. Type from near Kiel, Germany. Family 5. CUTLERIACEAE. 1. AGLAOZONIA Zanard. Saggio Class. Fie. 15, 38. [Mr] 1843. Padinella Aresch. Linnaea 17: 259. [My-Je] 1843. 1. Aglaozonia canariensis Sauv. Soc. Sci. d'Arcachon Trav. Lab. 8: 79. 1905. Borg. Dansk Bot. Ark. 2-; 37. 1914. Forming dark brown closely adherent crusts on calcareous rocks or old corals at low-water mark or a little above. New Providence, Rose Island, Atwood Cay, Mariguana, and Caicos Islands : — American Virgin Islands ; Canary Islands. Type from the Canary Islands. This plant (sterile) bears much resemblance to young prostrate conditions of Zonaria variegata in habit and color, in the apical margin of large cells, and in general structure, but seems to differ in the usually thinner and more closely ad- herent thallus, the absence of frequent or occasional mats or tufts of brown rhiz- oids, and. under the compound microscope, in the more translucent thallus with a more obviously tessellated dorsal surface, 4-1 G cells of the dorsal epidermis corre- sponding to one of the large medullary cells, while in Z. varicgata 1-4 (more elongate) epidermal cells correspond to and overlie a single large medullary cell ; and, in section, the dorso-ventrality is seen to be more pronounced, the dorsal epi- dermis always consisting of more numerous and smaller cells than the ventral epi- dermis, while in Z. variegata the two epidermal layers are essentially the same. Family 6. FUCACEAE. 1. CYSTOSEIRA Ag. Sp. Alg. 1: 50. 1820. 1. Cystoseira Myrica (S. G. Gmel.) Ag. loc. cit. 53.. Fucus Myrica S. G. Gmel. Hist. Fuc. 88. pJ. 3. f. 1. 1768. On rocks and in tide-pools, near low-water mark. New Providence. Rose Island, Berry Islands, Great Bahama, and Gun Cay : — Florida and the Red Sea. Type locality unknown. 2. TURBINARIA Lamour.; Bory, Voy. Coquille 116. 182S. Petiole wings entire, the lamina usually with vesicle. i. T. turhimita. Petiole wings dentate, the lamina without vesicle. 2. T. tricostata. 1. Turbinaria turbinata (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 3: 434. 1S9S. Fucus turdina.tns L. Sp. PI. 1160. 1753. (Excluding presumably spurious "type" from Sumatra in herb. Linn.). Sargassum turbinatuni Ag. Sp. Alg. 1: 41. 1820. Turbinaria vulgaris trialata J. Ag. Sp. Alg. 1: 268. 1848. Turbinaria trialata Kiitz. Tab. Phye. 10: 24. pi. 67. 1860. On surge-swept rocks, near low-water mark. New Providence, Joulter's Cay. Berry Islands, Great Bahama, Abaco, George Island, Watling's Island, Atwood Cay, Caicos Islands, Great Ragged Island, nnd Anguilla Isles : — Florida to northern South America ; Indian Ocean. Type from Jamaica. 592 FUCACEAE. 2. Turbinaria tricostata Barton, Trans. Linn. Soe. Bot. II. 3: 218. vl. 54 f 3. 1891. On surge-swept rocks, low-littoral. New Providence. South Cat Cay, and Gun Cay: — Bermuda to Guadeloupe. Type from Guadeloupe ( ?). Apparently intergrading with T. turbinata. 3. SARGASSUM Ag. Sp. Alg. 1: 1. 1820. Floating and sterile. Leaves very narrowly linear or linear-filiform, mostlv 1-2 mm. aculeate-acuminate ; vesicles commonly aristate-apicu- broad, the teeth (S. nutans. late. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, mostly 2-4 mm. broad, the teeth triangular-acuminate ; vesicles muticous. 2, S. f.uitans. Tsormally attached (nos. 3 and 10 sometimes more or less pelagic). Leaves mostly narrowly linear, usually 7-50 times as long as maximum width. Leaves rather rigid, cryptostomata usually somewhat obscure, pedicels of the muticous vesicles com- monly shorter than the vesicles themselves ; receptacles in rather short axillary clusters. Leaves serrate-dentate, the costa prominent and often dentate ; vesicles commonly large and crowded ; stems often 1-2 m. long and subsimple. 3. 8. pteropleuron. Leaves subentire, the costa not dentate ; vesicles usually scattered ; stems mostly 2-10 dm. long. 4. 8. cymosum. Leaves thinly membranous, cryptostomata obvious, ped- icels of the often appendaged usually scattered vesicles commonly of about the same length as the vesicles themselves ; receptacles finally elon- gate and often forming a kind of loose terminal panicle through reduction of the leaves. 5. 8. Filipendula. Leaves ovate, ovate-elliptic, oblong, lanceolate, or rather broadly linear. Cryptostomata elevated, very large and conspicuous (0.6-0.9 mm. in maximum diam.) often elliptic, in a single series on either side of the costa ; leaves linear or lanceolate. 6. S. platycarpum. Cryptostomata smaller, sometimes obscure or wanting. Cryptostomata obvious. Receptacles mostly in a rather dense terminal panicle : leaves lanceolate or linear-oblong, rather obscurely and obtusely dentate or margins merely sinuate, cryptostomata in almost a single series on either side of the costa ; vesicles sometimes few. 7. 8. lendigerum. Receptacles obviously lateral and axillary, elongate or contracted ; cryptostomata in more than a single series. Leaves linear or linear-oblong, mostly 4-8 times as long as broad, sharply sei'rate- dentate ; vesicles mostly ellipsoid or ob- ovoid, often subapiculate : receptacles contracted, often (9?) spinose-dentate. 8. 8. vulgare? Leaves ovate, elliptic, oblong, or lanceolate, mostly 2-4 times as long as broad, com- monly crisped, variously aculeate-dentate or 7/ej?-toothed ; vesicles globose or sub- globose, muticous ; receptacles sometimes elongate, occasionally with a few sub- spinescent processes. 9. 8 pohjceratium. Cryptostomata obscure or wanting : leaves cori- aceous, oblong-elliptic, spinescent-dentate or entire or sub-entire ; receptacles more or less spinescent-dentate. 10. 8. Hystrix. 1. Sargassum natans (L.) Meyen, Wiegm. Arch. Naturgesch. 4r: 185. 1838. Fucus natans L. Sp. PI. 1160. 1753. Fucus Sargasso S. G. Gmel. Hist. Fue. 92. 1768. Fucus hacciferus Turn, Hist. Fuc. 1: 105. pi. 47. 1808. Sargassiun hacdferum Ag. Sp. Alg. 1: 6. 1820. The chief ingredient of the " Sargasso Sea " — found floating or washed ashore throughout the archipelago. FUCACEAE. 593 2. Sargassum fluitans (Borg.) Borg. Dansk Bot. Ark. 2-: 06. 1914. Sargassum Hystrix fluitans Burg. Miudeskr. for Japetus Steenstrup 32: 11. 1914. Often associated with S. nataus. New Providence, Rose Island, Great Bahama, Cat Island, and Watling's Island. 3. Sargassum pteropleuron Grun. Rcise Xovara Bot. 1: o5. pi. o. f. 1. 1SC7. In 1-3 meters of water, often detached and floating. New Providence, Rose Island, Berry Islands, Andros, Joulter's Cay, Great Bahama, Green Cay, Exuma Chain, Watling's Island, Caicos Islands, and Orange Cay : — Bermuda and Florida. Type from New Providence. 4. Sargassum cymosum Ag. Sp. Alg. 1: 20. 1820. Sargassum stcnopliyllum (Mert.) Mart. Ic. PI. Crypt. 8. pi. 5. 1828. Sargassum ramifolium Kiitz. Phyc. Gen. 362. 1843. Sargassum rigidulum Kiitz. Sp. Alg. 615. 1849. In shallow water and floating. Great Bahama, P]xuma Chain, and Cat Island : — Bermuda to Brazil. Type from Brazil. 5. Sargassum Filipendula Ag. Syst. Alg. 300. 1824. Sargassum Montagnei Bail.; Harv. Xer. Bor.-Am. 1: 58. pL lA. 1852. Sargassum Filipendula Montagnei Collins & Hervey, Proc. Am. Acad. 53: 83. 1917. Apparently rare in the Bahamas, its place being taken by S. pteropleuron. New Providence and Orange Cay : — Massachusetts and Bermuda to South America. Type from the Gulf of Mexico (?). 6. Sargassum platycarpum Mont. Sci. Xat. Bot. II. 18: 248. 1842. Carpacanthu^ platycarpus Kiitz. Sp. Alg. 623. 1849. In shallow water. New Providence, Berry Islands, Great Bahama, South Cat Cay, and Exuma Chain : — Cuba, Jamaica, Porto Rico, and Martinique. Type from Martinique. The most sharply defined species of Sargassum of the West Indian region, rather constant in the form of its leaves and easily identified by its very large elevated cryptostomata in a single series on each side of the costa. 7. Sargassum lendigerum (L.) Ag. Sp. Alg. 1: 9. 1820. Fucus lendigerus L. Sp. PI. 1160. 1753. Near low-water mark. Berry Islands : — Bermuda to St. Thomas. Type from Ascension Island. 8. ? Sargassum vulgare Ag. Sp. Alg. 1: 3. 1820. FiLCUS natans Turn. Hist. Fuc. 1: 99. pi. 46. 1808. Xot F. natans L. Near low-water mark. Andros, Great Bahama, Abaco, Watling's Island. Atwood Cay, Mariguana. Caicos Islands, Little luagua. and Castle Island : — Supposed to be widely distributed in warm-temperate and tropical seas. Type locality unknown. The plants that are now placed provisionally and doubtfully under 6'. vulyare form a rather homogeneous group and are apparently different in species from the more diversified assemt)lage here grouped undei- N. iHiljucnitiinii. They differ from Turner's figure a, which seems to have furnished the type idea for .S. ruUfurc, in their more virgate habit, their somewhat smaller (l)(>th shorter and narrower), more sharply serrate and less sinuate-dentate leaves, and their shorter, probably more spinose-dentate receptacles. 9. Sargassum polyceratium Mont. Ann. Sci. Xat. Bot. II. 8: 356. 1837; PI. Cell. Cuba 72. pi. 1. 1842. Fucus foliosissimus Lamour. Essai 16. pi. 1. f. 1. 1813. (Xonien nudum aut seminudum.) Sargassum leptocarpum Kiitz. Phyc. Gen. 362. 1843. 594 DICTYOTACEAE. Sargassum pteropus Kiitz. Sp. Alg, 60S. 1849. Sargassum haliiense Kiitz. loc. cit. Sargassum iracliypliyllum Kiitz. loc. cit. 609. Sargassum polypliyllum Kiitz. loc. cit. Not S. polyphyllum J. Ag. Sp. Alg. 1: 308. 1848. Carpacanthus polyceratms Kiitz. loc. cit. 624. Carpaconthus spinulosus Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. 11: 15. pi. 46 f. II. 1861. At low-water mark and in shallow water. New Providence, Rose Island, Great Bahama, North Cat Cay, Watling's Island, Caicos Islands, and Castle Island : — West Indies in general. Type from Cuba. The species, as here conceived, shows great variability in form, size, and texture of the leaves, in the size and number of the cryptostomata, in smoothness or rough- ness of the stem, and in the presence or absence of spines on the receptacles, but specific segregations seem impossible, 10. Sargassum Hystrix J. Ag. Ofv. K. Yet.-Akad. Forh. 4 : 7. 1847. Sargassum Hystrix huxifoUum (Chauv.) J. Ag. Sp. Alg. 1: 322. 1848. Usually found floating or washed ashore, but also attached, in about 3 m. of water. New Providence, .Toulter's Cay, Abaco, Berry Islands, and Exuma Chain : — off North Carolina, Isle of Pines, and Mexico. Type from the Campeche Banks. A form with large oblong entire or subentire leaves is var. huxi folium. Family 7. DICTYOTACEAE. 1, ZONARIA Drap.; Ag. Syn. Alg. Scancl. xx. 1817. Stypopodium Kiitz. -Linnaea 17: 97. 1843. Phycopteris Kiitz. loc. cit. Gymnosorus J. Ag. Anal. Alg. Cent. 1: 9. 1894. Not Gymnosorus Trevis. Alg. Cocc. 108. 1848. Thallus obscurely zonate, brownish both when living and on drying, 2-7 cm. long, at first more or less prostrate or subrepent and semiorbicular or flabelliform, later free except at the broad or occasionally substipitate base and showing few entire or sparingly laciniate flabelliform lobes. 1. Z. variegata. Thallus distinctly zonate, more or less brownish blue-green and iridescent when living, commonly blackening on drying, mostly 7-30 cm. long, erect, stipitate or substipitate, repeatedly cleft or lobed, the lobes cuneate, cuneate-oblong, cuneate-flabelliform, or linear, occasionally lacerate or flmbriate-laciniate. 2. Z. zonalis. 1. Zonaria variegata (Lamour.) Ag. loc. cit. Dictyota variegata Lamour. Noiiv. Bull. Sci. See. Philom. 1: 331. 1809. Zonaria collaris Ag. Sp. Alg. 127. 1820. Padina variegata Gaill. in Diet. Sci. Nat. 53: 371. 1828. Spatoglossum variegatum Kiitz. Sp. Alg. 560. 1849. Gymnosorus variegatus J. Ag. Anal. Alg. Cent. 1: 11. 1894. Gymnosorus collaris J. Ag. loc. cit. On calcareous algae, rocks, old corals, Gorgoniidae, roots of BMzophora. shells of conchs, etc., common from low-water mark down to a depth of several meters ; often found washed ashore. New Providence, Rose Island. Andros, Berry Islands, Great Bahama, Gun Cay, Abaco, Green Cay, Exuma Chain, Watling's Island, Atwood Cay. Mariguana, Caicos Islands, and Great Ragged Island : — Bermuda and Florida to Brazil ; Canary Islands ; Philippines ; widely distributed in the warmer seas. Type from the " Antilles." Prostrate or subrepent forms are to be distinguished carefully from Aglaozonia canariensis. 2. Zonaria zonalis (Lamour.) M. A. Howe, in Britton, Fl. Bermuda 507. 1918. Fucus zonalis Lamour. Diss. 38. pi. 25. f. 1. 1805. Dictyota sonata Lamour. Nouv. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. 1: 331. 1809. Zonaria lolata Ag. Syst. Alg. 265. 1824. Stypopodium lohatum Kiitz. Tab. Phye. 9 : 25. pi. 63. f. I. 1859. On rocks, etc., in shallow water, in moderately exposed positions. New Provi- dence, Berry Islands. South Bimini, Gun Cay, Exuma Chain, and Atwood Cay ; Bermuda to Brazil ; Canary Islands. Type from Santo Domingo. DICTYOTACEAE. 596 2. PADINA Adans. Earn. PI. 2: 13. 17G3. Thallus consisting of only two layers of cells except near base ; tetrasporic sori just above every second piliferous line and provided with evan- escent indusium. 1, P. Sanctae-Cnicis. Thallus consisting of 3-6 layers of cells except at sometimes bistratose apical margin ; tetrasporic sori scattered irreg- ularly or forming an irregular confluent line near middle of each interpilar zone, indusium subpersistent. 2. P. Tickcrsiac. 1. Padina Sanctae-Crucis Borg. Dansk Bot. Ark. 2': 45. /. S7, 28. 1914. Common on rocks near the low-water mark. New Providence, Berry Islands, Gun Cay, Exuma Chain, Crooked Island, Watling's Island, Mariguana, Caicos Islands. Great Ragged Island. Orange Cay. and Anguilla Isles : — Bermuda and Florida to northern South America. Type from St. Croix. 2. Padina Vickersiae Hoyt, sp. nov.* Spatoglossum variegatum Kiitz. Sp. Alg. 560 p.p. 1849. Zonaria variegata Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. 9: 30 p.p. pL 73. f. II. 1859. Not Zonaria variegata. Lamour. Nouv. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. 1: 331. 1809. Padina variegata Hauck, Hedwigia 26: 42. 1887; Vickers, Phyc. Barb. 2: 37. pi. 8. 1908. Not Padina variegata Gaill. in Diet. Sci. Nat. 53: 371. 1828. Thallus stipitate, 4—22 cm. tall, 5-37 cm. broad, entire when young, becom- ing repeatedly more or less deeply laciniate, the segments var^'ing from cuneate- spatulate to fan-shaped, sometimes encrusted with lime, the interpilar zones 1.5-8 mm. wide, often inconspicuous in older parts, the subterete, rhizoid- covered stipe commonly 3—12 mm. long; lamina of 2 or 3 layers of cells at revolute apical margin, of 4 layers throughout most of thallus, becoming 6-8 layers toward base; epidermal cells about one half as long as the central cells; dioicous; antheridia and oogonia in often broken lines near the middle of each interpilar zone, occurring on both surfaces but chiefly on the ventral, the oogonia with a thin evanescent indusium, the antheridia naked; tetrasporangia borne in a similar manner, often in scattered irregular sori near middle of interpilar zone, the thin indusium commonly subpersistent. Type a tetrasporic plant collected from Fort Macon .iettv, Beaufort. North Carolina, by W. D. Hoyt. August 23, 1907, and deposited in the V. S. National Herbarium. Representatives of this species have often been erroneously identified with Pnrlina vavouia (L.) Gaill. and /'. DurrUlaci Bory. Pndinn diibia Hauck. from East Africa, is a much closer relative and may prove to be identical. In shallow water. New Providence, Berry Islands, and Eleuthera : — Bermuda and North Carolina to Brazil. Type from North Carolina. 3. NEUROCARPUS Web. & Mohr, Beitr. Naturk. 1: 300 (242-246). 1805. DiCTYOPTERis Lamour. Nouv. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. 1: 332. 'My 1809. PoLYPODOiDEA Stackh. Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 2: 96, 97. 1809. Haliseris (Mich.) Ag. Sp. Alg. 1: 141. 1820. 1. Neurocarpus Justii (Lamour.) Kuntze, Eev. Gen. PI. 2: 907. 1*^91. Dictyopteris Justii Lamour. Nouv. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. 1: 332. pJ. 6. f. 2 A. 1809. Haliseris Justii Ag. Sp. Alg. 1: 142. 1820. On rocks in 1-20 meters of water. Gun Cay. Abaco, and Green Turtle Cay : — Bermuda and Florida to Barbados. Type from Santo Domingo. Neurocarpus (lelicatulus (Lamour.) Kuntze is of general occurrence In the West Indian region and is to be expected in the Bahamas. It is a much smaller and more delicate plant than N. Jvatii, the thalhis segments being mostly only 1-4 mm. broad, while in N. Justii they are 1-3 cm. broad; when living it commonly shows beautifully iridescent blue-green hues. It grows in sheltered and well-shaded places. * This preliminary diagnosis is published with the permission of the U. S. Com- missioner of Fisheries. 596 DICTYOTACEAE. 4. DICTYOTA Lamoiir. Nouv. Bull. Sei. Soc. Philom. 1: 331. My 1809. Jour, de Bot. 2: 38. 1809. Branching more or less regularly dichotomous. Segments mostly 1-5 mm. broad, the apical obtuse, patent or suberect. Segments linear, the dichotomies usually 1-2 cm. apart. 1. D. dichotoma. Segments oblong, the dichotomies usually 0.5-1 cm. apart. 2. D. Bartuyresii. Segments mostly 0.3-1 mm. broad, the apical acute, acuminate or subobtuse, divaricate or subdivaricate. 3. D. divaricata. Branching dichotomo-pinnatifid or cervicorn. Branching cervicorn, or dichotomo-subpinnate below and dichotomous above ; segments narrowly ribbon-shaped, mostly 0..5-1 mm. broad, often proliferous along the middle, the apical segments acute or subobtuse, sometimes sub- terete or subconic, mostly patent. 4. D. cervicornis. Branching dichotomo-pinnatifid, main segments or axes mostly 2-5 mm. broad, the apices usually acuminate, sometimes obtuse. 5. D. dentata. 1. Dictyota dichotoma (Huds.) Lamour. Xouv. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. 1: 331. My 1809. Ulva dichotoma Huds. Fl. Angl. 476. 1762. From near low-water mark down to a depth of several meters. Rose Island, Berry Islands, Bimini, Exuma Chain, Watling"s Island. Atwood Cay, Mariguana, Caicos Islands, and Great Ragged Island : — Bermuda, North Carolina, Florida and West Indies : widely distributed in temperate and tropical seas. Type from Isle of Walney, England. 2. Dictyota Bartayresii Lamour. loc. cit. Dicfyota Bartayresiana Lamour. Jour, de Bot. 2: 43. 1809. Dictyota patens J. Ag. Till Alg. Syst. 2: 93. 1882. Common, mostly in shallow water, often slightly iridescent when living. New Providence, Rose Island, Berry Islands, South Cat Cay, North Cat Cay, Eleuthera, ^Yatling■s Island, Atwood Cay, Mariguana, Caicos Islands, and Great Ragged Island : — West Indies. Type from Santo Domingo (?). The type specimen (in " Zonana dichotoma" cover in herb. Lamour. at Caen) has segments 2-5 mm. broad and obtuse apices. Specimens with acute and acuminate apices referred to this species by later writers are to be looked upon as probably representing the more dichotomous or less pinnate conditions of D. dentata. 3. Dictyota divaricata Lamour. loc. cit. In shallow water. New Providence, Berry Ishrnds, Great Bahama, North Cat Cay, Exuma Chain, and Caicos Islands : — West Indies and warmer seas generally. Type from the Mediterranean. Apparently intergrades with D. cervicornis^ D. indica, and D. Bartayresii. 4. Dictyota cervicornis Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. 9: 11. pi. S4. f. II. 1859. Dictyota Fasciola Harv. Xer. Bor.-Am. 1: 108. pi. 8B. 1852. Not Fucus Fasciola Eoth. (^Dilophus repens J. Ag.). On rocks near low-water mark in rather exposed situations. New Providence, Rose Island. Berry Islands, Great Bahama, Gun Cay, Exuma Chain, Mariguana, Caicos Islands, and Little Inagua : — Bermuda, Florida, and probably West Indies in general. Type from Key West, Florida. Often proliferous near the middle line of thallus and easily confused with Dilophiis guineensis which is rather similar both in general habit and in tendency to proliferate. 5. Dictyota dentata Lamour. Xouv. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. 1: 331. My 1809. Fucus atoniarius S. G. Gmel. Hist. Fuc. 125. pi. 10. f. 1. 1768. Xot D. Atomaria Grev. Xot Dictyota Atomaria Hauck. Ulva MertenMi Mart. Fl. Bras. Acot. 21. 1833. Dictyota Brongiartii J. Ag. Linnaea 15: 5. 1S41. Dictyota Mertensii Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. 9: 15. pi. '36. f. 1. 1859. Dictyota subdentata Kiitz. loc. cit. 14. pi. 33. f. II. On rocks In shallow water. New Providence, Berry Islands, Great Bahama, North Cat Cay, Gun Cay, Atwood Cay, Mariguana, Caicos Islands, and Great Ragged Island : — Bermuda and Florida to Brazil. Type from the Antilles. PROTOCOCCACEAE. 597 5. DILOPHUS J. Ag. Till Alg. Syst. 2: 106. 18S2. Segments mostly 0.3-1 mm. l)ro:ul, the apices ncute. jicuminate or subobtuso • raodulla 2-4 cells thick or here and there only 1 cell thick. 1. D.ijuintnisia Segments mostly 1-L' mm. broad, the apices ol)tusp : medulla 2-.j cells thick at or near the margins, 1 or 2 cells thick in the middle. 2. It. altirnaitH. 1. Dilophus guineensis (Kiitz.) J. Ag. loc. cit. 108. Spatoglossum guincense Kiitz. Phyc. Gen. 339. 1S43. IDictyota Antiguae Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. 9: 16. pL 37. f. II. 1859. Dictyota guineensis Crouan; Maze & Schramm, Alg. Guad. 126. 1870-1877. On rocks in shallow water in rather exposed situations. Rose Island, Berry Islands, Great Bahama. Gun Cay, Watling's Island. Mariguana. Caicos Islands. Little Inagua. and Great Ragged Island : — Bermuda and Florida to Jamaica and Barbados. Type from St. Thomas. Often proliferous along the middle line and often closely resembling Dictyota cervicornis but usually darker on drying. 2. Dilophus altemans J. Ag. loc. cit. 108. On rocks near low-water mark. Gun Cay. North Cat Cay. South Cat Cay, and Caicos Islands: — Florida to Barbados. Type* from Key West,' Florida. 6. DICTYERPA Collins, Proc. Am. Acad. Arts an-l Sci. 37: 251. 1901. 1. Dictyerpa jamaicensis Collins, loc. cit. On rocks in shallow water. South Cat Cay and Watling's Island : — Jamaica. Type from Jamaica. Resembles narrow conditions of Dilophus f/uincensis, but is more irregular in its branching and is terete or subterete, with a medulla more than four cells wide. Phyc. Bor.-Am. 780 in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard. shows tetrasporangia (?) similar to those of Diloi)hus i/»//!Cf?isi'.s. Sub-class CHLOROPHYCEAE. Family 1. PLEUROCOCCACEAE. 1. PSEUDOTETRASPORA Wille, K. Xorske Vi.lensk. Selsk. Skr. 1906=': 20. 1906. 1. Pseudotetraspora Antillarum M. A. Howe, sp. nov. Thallus subglobose, obovoicl, pyriform, saccate, or allantoiil, variously wrinkled, constricted, or bullate, mostly 2-20 mm. in length or height, often more or less explanate and laeunose with age, yellowish brown when living, brownish or dark brown on drying; cells subglobose or ellipsoid, mostly 3-7 m in maximum diameter. Enveloping leaves of Halodulc and Thnlassia and older parts of the thallns of Chondria Uttoralis and other marine algae, in shallow water. Sometimes washed ashore in great quantities. New I'rovidenco. Roso Island, K.\uma Chain and Cat Island. Type Hoirc S!,.',S, Rose Island. Jan. 2S. lOo.". The species apparently differs from the Norwegian /'. mnrina WiUe in Its yel- lowish brown color, its larger more saccate or allautoid thallus. and the somewhat smaller cells. Family 2. PROTOCOCCACEAE. 1. PROTOCOCCUS Ag. Syst. Alg. 13. 1S24. 1. Protococcus viridis Ag. loc. cit. Flcuroeoccus vulgaris Naeg. Gatt. einzel. Alg. 65. pi. iK. f. :2. 1S49. On trunks of trees, etc. (det. F. S. Collins), pr(>l)al>ly common. New Provi- dence : — cosmopolitan. Type from Sweden. 598 ■ CHAETOPHOEACEAE. Family 3. ULVACEAE. 1. ULVA L. Sp. PI. 1163. 1753. 1. Ulva Lactuca L. loc, cit. ]S*ear low-water mark, apparently not common. Berry Islands, Great Baliaiiiii, and Atwood Cay : — widely distributed. Type locality presumably European. 2. *ENTEI10M6rPHA Link, Hor. Phys. Berol. 5. 1820. Tliallus simple. 1. E. ffexuosa. Thallus branched, the branches often monosiphonous at apices. Chromatophores much smaller than the cells. 2. E. plumosa. Chromatophores nearly filling the cell. 3. E. salina polyclados. 1. Enteromorpha flexuosa (Wulf.) J. Ag. Till Alg. Syst. 3: 126. 1883. Conferva flexuosa Wulf.; Eoth, Cat. Bot. 2: 188. 1797. On stones, low-littoral. Great Bahama, Mariguana, and Caicos Islands : — Ber- muda to American Virgin Islands ; widely distributed in the warmer seas. Type from shores of the Adriatic Sea. 2. Enteromorpha plumosa Kiitz. Phyc. Gen. 300. pi. 20. f. I. 1843. Enteromorpha HopMrTcii McCalla; Harv. Phyc. Brit. pi. S63. 1849- '51. On stones, etc., near low-water mark. Berry Islands, Joulter's Cay, Exuma Chain, and Mariguana : — Maine to American Virgin Islands ; Europe. Type from Trieste. 3. Enteromorpha salina polyclados Kiitz. Phyc. Germ. 248. 1845. Enteromorpha polyclados Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. 6: 13. pi. 36. f. d-f. 1856. On stones at low-water mark. South Caicos : — Florida ; Europe. Type from Spiekeroog, East Friesian Islands, North Sea. Family 4. CHAETOPHORACEAE. 1. GOMONTIA Born. & Flah. Jour, de Bot. 2: 163, 164. 1888. 1. Gomontia polyrhiza (Lagerh.) Born. & Flah. loc. cit. Codiolum polyrhizum Lagerh. Of vers. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh. 42^: 21. pi. S8. 1886. Boring into old crusts of various Lithothamnieae (GoniolWwn Borgesenii, G. accretum, and Porolitlion pachydermum) and probably common in shells. IBerry Islands and Mariguana : — widely distributed in temperate and tropical seas. Type from near Kristineberg, Sweden. 2. ENDODERMA Lagerh. Of vers. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh. 40^ 75. 1883. Entocladia Reinke, Bot. Zeit. 37: 476. 1879. Not Endocladia J. Ag. Linnaea 15: 449. 1841. 1. Endoderma viride (Eeinke) Lagerh. loc. cit. Entocladia viridis Eeinke, Bot. Zeit. 37: 476. pi. 6. f. 6-9. 1879. In the cell walls of Hypnea musciformis. Cave Cays : — Bermuda to American Virgin Islands ; Europe ; Peru. Type from the Bay of Naples. * The treatment of the known Bahamian species is based upon determinations by Mr. F. S. Collins. CLADOPHOEACEAE. 599 Family 5. CHROOLEPIDACEAE. 1. TRENTEPOHLIA :Mart. Fl. Crypt. Erlang. 351. 1S17. Amphiconium Nees, Syst. Pilz. 69. 1817. Chroolepus Ag. Syst. Alg. xxi, 34. 1824. Filaments cylindric or subcylindric. 1, t. aurca Filaments torulose, diameter of cells at middle about twice the ' diameter at septa; occurring on or with crustaceous lichens. 2. T. rigidula. 1. Trentepohlia aurea (L.) Mart. loc. cit. Byssus aurea L. Sp. PI. 1168. 1753. Chroolepus aureus Kiitz. Phyc. Gen. 284. 1843. On rocks, fences, trunks of trees, etc., probably common. New Trovidence, Andros, Abaco, and Great Bahama : — cosmopolitan. Type European. 2. TrentepoMia rigidula (Miill. Arg.) Harlot, Jour, de Bot. 3: 403. /. 17. 1889. Coenogonium rigidulum Miill. Arg. Flora 65: 490. 1882. Trentepohlia iorulosa De Wild. Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg. 27=: 181. 1888. On and with small crustaceous lichens, especially on bark of Annotia sp. New Providence : — widely distributed in the warmer parts of the earth. Type from Australia. The cell walls of the Bahamian specimens are smooth or slightly roughened, differing in that respect considerably from those of the Australian type, which are strongly roughened. Family 6. CLADOPHORACEAE. 1. CHAETOMORPHA Kiitz. Phyc. Germ. 203. My 1845. Aploxema Hass. Brit. Fresliw. Alg. 213. Jl 1845. Filaments attached, 400-800 fi in diameter except at extreme base, commonly monill- form in upper part, with cells about as broad as long or broader. 1. C. clavata. Filaments free, less than 400 jj, in diameter. Filaments mostly 200-250 /a in diameter. 2. C.Linum. Filaments mostly 80-180 fj. in diameter. 3. C. hrachygona. 1. Chaetomorpha clavata (Ag.) KUtz. Bot. Zeit. 5: 166. 1847. Conferva clavata Ag. Syst. Alg. 99. 1824. ? Conferva intestinalis Ag. loc. cit. In a tide-pool, Hog Island (near Nassau) : — Jamaica, American Virgin Islands, and Barbados. Type from West Indies. 2. Chaetomorpha Linum (O. F. Miill.) Kiitz. Phyc. Germ. 204. 1845. Conferva Linum O. F. Miill. Fl. Dan. 5^^: 7. pi 771. f. 2. 1778. In a RMzophora swamp. Rose Island : — widely distributed, especially in the North Temperate Zone. Type from Denmark. 3. Chaetomorpha brachygona Harv. Ncr. Bor.-Am. 3: 87, /)/. 46 A. 1858. In shallow water, especially In tidal ponds. New Providence. Exuma Chain. Atwood Cay, and Caicos Islands : — Bermuda, Florida. Porto Rico. American Virgin Islands, and northern South America. Type from Key West, Florida. 2. RHIZOCLONIUM Kiitz. Linnaea 17: 90. 1843. Filaments 39-110 nt in diameter: cell-walls mostly 10-26 fx thick, usually laminated. Cells 2-4 times as long as broad. 1. R. TTnokeri. Cells 1-2 times as long as broad. 2. R. rnissipcUitum robustum. 600 CLADOPHORACEAE. Filaments 10—28 fi in diameter ; cell walls mostly 1-4 fjL thick. In or near salt water ; cells mostly 1-2 times as long as broad ; chromatophore usually rather solid and uniform. 3. R. ripariuni implexum. In fresh water ; cells mostly 1—5 times as long as broad : chromatophore usually lacunose or resolved into discs, plates, or bands of protean forms. 4. R. hieroglyphicum. 1. Rhizoclonium Hookeri Klitz. Sp. Alg. 383. 1849. High-littoral to low-water mark, often in Rhizophora association : — Bermuda and Florida to South America. Type from Kerguelen Island. The West Indian plants currently referred to this species appear to be coarser, longer-celled, and thicker-walled than the Kerguelen Island type. 2. Rhizoclonium crassipellitum robustum G. S. West, Jour. Bot. 42: 283. 1904. In fresh or brackish water, often in association with RhhopJiora. New Provi- dence, South Bimini, Exuma Chain, Cat Island, and Mariguana : — Barbados. Type of variety from Barbados. The filaments of the Bahamian specimens have a diameter of 39-90 fi. Ap- parently distinct from the plants here referred to R. Hookeri. 3. Rhizoclonium riparium implexum (Dillw.) Eosenv. Mecld. om Gronland 3: 915. /. 34. 1893. Conferva implexa Dillw. Brit. Conf. 46. p?. B. 1809. In association with RhizopJioro, often clothing its roots. Berry Islands and Bimini (det. F. S. Collins) : — widely distributed. Type from Ireland. 4. Rhizoclonium hieroglyphicum (Ag.) Kiitz. Phyc. Germ. 206. 1845. Conferva MeroglypMca Ag. Flora 10: 636. 1827. In fresh-water pools. New Providence {Brace) : — widely distributed. Type from Carlsbad, Austria. 3. *CLAd6pH0RA Kiitz. Linnaea 17: 91. 1843. Plants of fresh or brackish water, unattached, usually floating : filaments much bent and curved ; main filaments 60—120 fi in diameter, the ramuli 20-40 /i ; cells 3—6 times as long as broad. 1. C.fracta. Marine. Ultimate ramuli nearly as stout as the main filaments. Filaments 35-95 fi in diameter ; plants spongiose-cespi- tose or spongiose-funicular ; cells mostly 8-10 times as long as broad. 2. C. crispule. Filaments 150-320 fi in diameter, plants cespitose, rather rigid, dark green or blackish green, blackening after collection, known only in association with a filament- ous fungus endophytic in its cell walls. 3. C fulifjinosa. Ultimate ramuli much more slender than the main filaments. Plants bright green or light green. Ultimate ramuli more or less fascicled, 50—120 fi in diameter, constricted at septa. 4. C. fasctcularis. Ultimate ramuli not fascicled, 16-40 n, in diameter. Virgate in habit. 5. C. nitida. Dichotomous or trichotomous, not virgate. 6. C crystalUna. Plants yellowish : cells 4-10 times as long as broad, often somewhat enlarged at distal end ; diameter of main filaments 60-80 /x, the often secund ultimate ramuli 18-50 11. 7. C. luteola. 1. Cladophora fracta (Vahl) Kiitz. Linnaea 17: 91. 1843. Conferva fracta Vahl, FI. Dan. 6": 7. pi. 946. 1787. P Conferva vagabimcla L. Sp. PI. 1167. 1753. Floating on brackish ponds. New Providence and Berry Islands : — widely dis- tributed. Type from Denmark. * The treatment of the recognized Bahamian species is based chiefly upon deter- minations by Mr. F. S. Collins. YALOXIACEAE. 601 2. Cladophora crispula Vickers, Ann. Sci. Xat. Bot. IX. 1: 56. 1905. On Digenea, near low-water mark. Mariguana : — Bermuda, American Virpln Islands, and Barbados. Type from Barbados. 3. Cladophora fuliglnosa Kutz. Sp. Alg. 415. 1849. Blodgettia confervoides Harv. X'er. Bor.-Am. 3: 48. i^J. 45 C. 1858. Common in shallow water, mostly in rather exposed places. New rrovidoiK-p, Rose Island, Great Bahama, North Cat Cay, Eleuthera, Cat Island. MarlRuana, Caicos Islands, and Great Ragged Island : — Bermuda to the American Virgin Islands. Type from Havana, Cuba. 4. Cladophora fascicularls (:Meit.) Kiitz. Linnaea 17: 91. 1843. Conferva fascicularis Mert.; Ag. Syst. Alg. 114. 18-24. In shallow water. Berry Islands and Great Bahama : — Florida to Brazil ; Peru. Type from the West Indies. 5. Cladophora nitida Klitz. Pbvc. Gen. 269. 1843. In shallow water. Great Bahama and Exuma Chain : — .Tamaica ; Europe. Type from Trieste. 6. Cladophora crystallina (Roth) Kiitz. Linnaea 17: 91. 1843. Conferva crystallina Eoth, Cat. Bot. 1: 196. 1797. In shallow water. Berry Islands, Great Bahama, Exuma Chain. Atwood Cay. and Caicos Islands : — Massachusetts to West Indies ; Europe. Type from the Baltic Sea. Tho Bahamian specimens provisionally referred to this species are not typical forms. 7. ? Cladophora luteola Harv. Xer. Bor.-Am. 3: 81. 1858. In tide-pools. Atwood Cav and Caicos Islands : — Florida and Cuba. Tvpe from Key West. Florida. The Bahamian specimens somewhat doubtfully referred to this snecies have a more cespitose, less diffuse habit than the type, with rather stouter filaments, and less secund ultimate ramuli. 4. PITHOPHORA Wittr. Syst. Arr. Pithoph. 48. 1877. 1. Pithophora oedogonia (Mont.) Wittr. loc. eit. 55. pi. 6. Conferva {Cladophora) oedogonia Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III. 14: 301. 1850. In fresh-water holes. New Providence (Brace) : — Pennsylvania and Nei)raska to South America. Type from Cayenne. Family 7. VALONIACEAE. 1. CLADOPHOROPSIS Bihg. Overs. K. Danske Videiisk. Solsk. Forh. 1905^: 288. 1905. 1. Cladophoropsis membranacea (Ag.) Borg. loo. cit. 276. /. S-13. Conferva membranacea Ag. Syst. 120. 1824. Cladophora aegagropila membranacea Kiitz, Sp. Alg. 415. 1849. Siphonocladus membranaceus Born.; De-Toni, Syll. Alg. 1: 358. 1889. Common in shallow water and washed ashore. New Providence, Rose Island. North Cat Cay, Gun Cay, Andros. Exuma Chain. Watling's Island, Atwood Cay, Mariguana, and Caicos Islands : — Bermuda and Florida to Barbados. T^-pe from St. Croix. The plant is normally rather compactly or somewhat diffusely cespitose. but when attacked by a dark filamentous endophytic fungus it becomes depressed or prostrate and the filaments become thicker-walled. 39 602 YALONIACEAE. 2. SIPHONOCLADUS Schmitz, Ber. Sitz. Naturf. Ges. Halle 1878: 18. 1878 (?) 1. Siphonocladus rigidus M. A. Howe, Bull. Torrey Club 32: 244. pi. 13. f. 1.; pi. 14. 1905. In shallow water in rather protected places, sometimes forming pulvinate crusts on corals, occasionally in tide-pools. New Providence, Great Bahama, Exuma Chain, Cat Island, Atwood Cay, Mariguana, Caicos Islands, and Great Ragged Island : — Bermuda, Florida, and Jamaica. Type from Key West, Florida. 3. PETROSIPHON M. A. Howe, Bull. Torrey Club 32: 247. 1905. 1. Petrosiphon adhaerens M. A. Howe, loc. cit. 248. pi. 15. Forming crusts and patches on calcareous rocks and corals near low-water mark and in tide-pools, not uncommon. New Providence, Rose Island, Great Bahama, Exuma Chain, Watling's Island, Mariguana, and Castle Island : — Bermuda, Cuba, and Jamaica. Type from Silver Cay, in Nassau Harbor, N. P. 4. CHAMAEDORIS Mont. Compt. Eend. Acad. Sci. 15: 171. 1842. 1. Chamaedoris Peniculum (Ell. & Soland.) Kuntze, Eev. Gen. PI. 3: 400. 1898. Corallina Peniculum Ell. & Soland. Nat. Hist. Zooph. 127. pi. 7. f. 5-8 ; pi. 25. f. 1. 1786. Penicillus annulatus Lamarck, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 20: 299. 1813. Nesea annulata Lamour. Hist. Polyp. 256. 1816. Clmmaedoris annulata Mont. loc. cit. Under shelving rocks near low-water mark, but more commonly found washed ashore from deeper water. New Providence, Great Bahama, Abaco, Eleuthera, and Exuma Chain : — Florida to Barbados and South America ; Mauritius ; Ceylon. Type from the Bahama Islands. 5. MECEODfCTYON Decaisne, Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 2: 115. 1841. 1. Microdictyon crassum J. Ag. Anal. Alg. Cont. 1: 107. 1894. Common from low-water mark down to a depth of at least 8 meters ; especially abundant on the " Long Bank " in 3-8 meters of water, growing particularly about sponges. New Providence, Rose Island, Great Bahama, North Cat Cay, Long Bank, Green Turtle Cay, Green Cay, Exuma Chain, Cat Island, Watling's Island, Atwood Cay, Mariguana, and Caicos Islands : — Cuba. Type from the Bahama Islands. 6. ANADYOMENE Lamour. Nouv. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. 3: 187. 1812. [As Anadyomena..] 1. Anadyomene steUata (Wulf.) Ag. Sp. Alg. 1: 400. 1822. [As Anady- nomene stellata.] Viva stellata Wulf. in Jacq. Collect. 1:351. 1786. Anadyomena fiahellata Lamour. loc. cit. Anadyomene flahellata Lamour. Hist. Polyp. 366. pi. 14. f. 3. 1816. Not uncommon in shallow water and ranging down to a depth of at least 50 meters {-fide Borgesen). New Providence, Andros, Great Bahama, Exuma Chain, Watling's Island, Mariguana, Caicos Islands, and Great Ragged Island : — Bermuda and Florida to Brazil : ;Mediterranean and Adriatic seas. Type from the Adriatic Sea. Just above the low-water line under shelving rocks and on roots of Rhizophora, there occurs a form of Anadyomene consisting chiefly of free or solute filaments, with the pseudoparenchyma reduced to a small few-celled palmate-flabellate apical expan- sion or wholly deficient. Possibly this represents a species bearing to A. stellata about the same relation that Struvea anastomosans bears to the more elaborate species of Struvea, but as conditions intermediate appear to occur, the writer prefers to consider it a form, which may be designated as forma prototvpa ftvne Howe 58.'f2, on roots of Rhizophora in a lagoon, Great Ragged Island, Dec. 26, 1907). VALONIACEAE. 603 7. DICTYOSPHAERIA Decaisne, Auu. Sci. Nat. Bot. II. 17: 32S. 1842. 1. Dictyosphaeria favulosa (Ag.) Decaisne, loe. cit. Valonia favulosa Ag. Sp. Alg. 1: 432. 1822. Common, especially on old corals in shallow warm water. New Providence, Andros, Great Bahama, South Cat Cay, North Cat Cay, Bimiui, (Jreen Cay, Watllng'B Island, and Mariguana : — Bermuda and Florida to Barbados; widely distributed In the warmer seas. Type from the island of Kawak, Dutch East Indies. 8. VALONIA Ginn.; Ag. Sp. Alg. 1: 428. 1822. Thallus simple or subsimple, ovoid, obovoid, pyriform, or sub- globose, mostly 1.5-5 cm. in maximum diameter. 1. ]'. laitticoaa. Thallus branched. Cells mostly 5-10 mm. broad, obovoid or pyriform, occa- sionally subglobose ; thallus sparingly or rather copiously branched. 2. V. macrophysa. Cells mostly 0.45-2 mm. broad. Cells all subcylindric or subclavate ; thallus, under favor- able conditions, forming subglobose, solid or finally hollow, free or attached masses 4-2U cm. in diameter. 3. V. Acgayropila. Cells in superior or dorsal parts irregularly polyhedral or angulate-subglobose : those of descending inferior or ventral parts subcylindric ; thallus cespitose or crus- taceous. 4. V. oci Uata. 1. Valonia ventricosa J. Ag. Till Alg. Syst. 5: 96. 1887. Under shelving rocks at low-water mark and among corallines uud " mossy " algae in shallow water. Rose Island,' Berry Islands, Great Bahama, North Cat Cay, South Cat Cay, Abaco, Eleuthera, Exuma Chain, Cat Island, Mariguana, and Calcos Islands : — Bermuda to Barbados. Type from St. Croix. 2. Valonia macrophysa Kiitz. Phyc. Gen. 307. 1843. Under shelving rocks at low-water mark and on and among other algae and corals in shallow water. Berry Islands, Great Bahama, Eleuthera, Atwood Cay, Mariguana, and Caicos Islands : — Bermuda, Cuba, .lamaica. and American Virgin Islands ; Mediterranean and Adriatic seas. Type from the island of Lessina, in the Adriatic Sea. 3. Valonia Aegagropila Ag. Sp. Alg. 1: 429. 1822. Valonia utricularis Aegagropila Hauek, in Eabcuh. Krypt.-Fl. 2: 4G9. 1885. In shallow water and at its best in lagoons. New Providence. Rose Island. Great Bahama, North Cat Cay, Watling's Island, Atwood Cay, Mariguana, and Caicos Islands : — Cuba, Jamaica, Porto Rico, and American Virgin Islands ; widely distributed in the warmer seas. Type from the lagoons of Venice. 4. Valonia ocellata M. A. Howe, sp. nov. Plants for the most part filamentous, densely cespitose or crustaceous, the cushions, under favorable conditions becoming 10-20 cm. broad and 4-6 cm. thick; the superior or dorsal parts consisting of small few-celled discs, or more often, oblong or linear, irregular, multicellular filaments mostly 1-4 cells broad, the cells polyhedral or angulate-subglobose, 0.45-0.9 mm. in maximum <]iameter, with numerous small flattened ellipsoidal or lentiform cells 50-90 /x in long diameter along their separating walls; few or many of the ventral and lateral cells qf the superior or dorsal facetted parts growing out into rather rigid descending stilt-like or root-like non-septate processes, mostly 5-30 mm. long and 0.5-O.S mm. in diameter; occasional cells in dorsal parts enclosing few or numerous aplanospores 200-320 /j. in diameter. In shallow water in lagoons, on pneumatophores of Aviccntiia between the tide- lines, and low-littoral on ntcks. Ixitli in exposed and sheltered locations, common. New Providence, Bimini, Watling's Island, Atwood Cay. Mariguana, and Caicos Islands : — Bermuda. Porto Rico. ;ind .\inericMn \'irein Islands. Type, llouc 5090 from the great lake or lagoon of Watling's Island, Nov. 25, 1W7. 604 DASYCLADACEAE. Valonia ocellata is perhaps related to Dictyosphaeria valonioides Zanard., which Hauck believed to be a condition of Valonia macrophiisa, but manifestly differs in Its smaller cells, in never being hollow, and rarely, if ever, globose, and in the absence of large vesicular marginal cells. Specimens from Bermuda and the West Indies have sometimes been referred to VaJouio utriciihiris forma crufitacca Kuck., from which it differs in having its superior parts divided by cross-walls into more or less polyhedral or angulate-subglobose cells instead of consisting of interwoven and compacted clavate or obovoid cells. The plant bears some resemblance to young stages of species of Dictyofiphaerio but the small-celled or facetted parts are usually elongate, vittate, or irregularly discoid, very rarely subglobose. It occurs in great abundance in lagoons, often associated with Valonia Acgagropila and remaining per- fectly distinct. It is found in a great variety of habitats and it evidently deserves a distinctive specific name, at least until such time as cultures may prove it to be capable of assuming the characters of some previously described species. Family 8. DASYCLADACEAE. 1. DASYCLADUS Ag. Mora 10': 640. 1827. 1. Dasycladus vermicularis (Scop.) Krasser, Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 13: 459. 1899. Spongia vermicularis Scop. Fi. Carn. 2: 412. pi. 64. 1772. Conferva davaeforinis Eoth, Cat, Bot. 3: 315. 1806. Fucus vermicularis Bertol. Amoen. Ital. 308. 1819. Dasycladus clavaeformis Ag. Sp. Alg. 2: 16. 1828. On stones, shells, etc., in shallow water, mostly in protected bays. New Provi- dence, Rose Island, Berry Islands. North Cat, Cay, Exuma Chain, Caicos Islands, Castle Island, and Great Ragged Island : — Bermuda, Florida, Cuba, and .Jamaica ; Canary and Madeira Islands ; Mediterranean and Adriatic seas. Type from Adri- atic Sea. 2. BATOPHORA J. Ag. Ofv. K. A>t.-Akad. Forh. 11: 107. 1854, BoTRYOPHORA J. Ag, Till Alg, Syst, 5: 139, 1887. Not Botryophora Bom- pard, Hedwigia 6: 129. 1867. CoccocLADUS Cramer, Neue Denksclir. Scliweiz. Xaturf, Ges. 30:-(37). 1887. 1. Batophora Oersted! J. Ag. Ofv. K, Yet,-Akad, Forh, 11: 108, 1854, Botryophora Conquerantii Crouan; Cramer, Neue Denksclir. Schweiz. Na- turf. Ges. 32:-(6). pi. 4. f. 1. 1890. Coccocladus occidentalis Conquerantii M, A, Howe, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 96. 1904. Coccocladus occidentalis laxus M, A, Howe, loc, cit, 95. pi. 6. f. 1, 2. Common in lagoons, creeks, ponds, and sink-holes of salt or brackish water, the laxer conditions in water that is almost fresh. New Providence, Rose Island. Berry Islands, Great Bahama, Andros, Exuma Chain, Watling's Island, Caicos Islands, Acklin's Island, and Great Ragged Island : — Florida to Guadeloupe. Type from Krause's Lagoon, St. Croix. la. Batophora Oersted! occidentalis (Harv.) M. A. Howe, Bull, Torrey Club 32: 579, 1905, Dasycladus occidentalis Harv. Ner. Bor.-Am. 3: 38. 1858. Botryophora occidentalis J, Ag. Till Alg, Syst. 5: 141. 1887, Coccocladus occidentalis Cramer, Neue Denkschr, Schweiz. Naturf! Ges. 30:-(37), 1887, On stones, shells, etc., in shallow salt water, mostly in protected bays, common. New Providence, Andros, Berry Islands, Great Bahama, Exuma Chain, Cat Island, Watling's Island, Mariguana, and Great Ragged Island : — Bermuda, Florida, and Cuba. Type of variety from Key West, Florida. DASYCLADACEAE. 005 3. NEOMERIS Lainour. Hist. Polyp. 241. 1816. Hairs monomorphous ; ends of branches of second order forming a cortex with dis- tinct facets. Sporangia colierent laterally by their calcareous capsules, the plant thereby appearing transversely annulate in the lower fertile parts. 1. .V. uunulata. Sporangia strongly calcitied but mutually free. 'J. V, ,„./,,,«,/. Hairs dimorphous, the two forms in alternating zones; branches of the second order subfusiform, scarcely forming a cortex, surface of tlie plant after the fall of the hairs somewhat shaggy or minutely and irregularly punctate ; sporangia free or coherent in short rows of 2-8. 3. N. Cokcri. 1. Neomeris annulata Dickie, Jour. Linn. Soc. But. ll: 198. 1874. Neomeris Eelleri Cramer, Neue Denkschr. Schweiz. Xaturf. Cics. 30:-(3- 10, 39). pi. 1; pi. 2. f. 1-12; pi. 3. f. 1, 2. 1887. On stones, shells, etc., from near low-water mark down to a depth of .")0 meters (/ide Borgesen). New Providence, Rose Island. Berry Islands, Great Bahama, North Cat Cay, Mariguana, Caicos Islands, Castle Island, and Great Bagged Isl.nnd : — Bermuda and Florida to Barbados ; Mauritius, Madagascar, and the Dutch East Indies. Type from Mauritius. 2. Neomeris mucosa M. A. Howe, Bull. Torrey Club 36: 84. pi. 1. f. 5 ; pi. 5. f. 1-14. 1909. On moderately exposed rocks, at and near low-water mark, often with other species of the genus. Atwood Cay, Caicos Islands, and Great Ragged Island. Ap- parently endemic. Type from Atwood Cay. 3. Neomeris Cokeri :\r. A. Howe, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 97. pi. 6. f. 3-12. 1904. Common, usually under shelving rocks, near low-water line, occasionally on shells and pebbles in' deeper water. New I'rovidence, Berry Islands, Great Bahama, Gun Cay, Eleuthera, Exuma Chain, Atwood Cay, Castle Island, and Great Ragged Island. Apparently endemic. Type from opposite Current Town, Eleuthera. 4. CYMOPOLIA Lamour. Hist. Polyp. 292. 1816. 1. Cymopolia toarbata (L.) Lamour. loc. eit. 293. Corallina harbata L. Syst. Nat. 1: 806. 1758. Corallma J^osarium Ell. & Soland. Xat. Hist. Zooph. 111. pi. 21. f. h, U. ffi-a. 1786. Cymopolia Hosarium Lamour. loc. cit. 294. Cymopolia bibarhata Kiitz. Phyc. Gen. 312. 1843. Cymopolia unibarbata Kutz. loc. cit. 3] 3. Cymopolia mexicana J. Ag. Till Alg. Syst. 5: 147. 1887. On rocks and stones in shallow, moderately agitated water. New Providence, Andros. Berrv Islands, and Mariguaua : — Florida. Cuba. .Tam:iica, Haiti. Porttt Rico, and Mexico; reported also from Canary Islands and Si)ain. Type from Jamaica. 5. ACETABULUM (Tourn.) Liuhvig. Def. Gen. PI. 504. 1760. Olivia Bertol. Ear. PI. Ital. Dec. 3: 117. 1810. AcETABULARiA Lamour. Nouv. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. 3: 185. 1812. POLYPHYSA Lamarck; Lamour. Hist. Polyp. 250. 1816. Plants large or medium-sized (discs 5-18 mm. broad) ; hypo- peltal processes present. 1- A. crcnulatum. Plants small or minute (discs 1-5 mm. broad) ; hypopeltnl processes wanting. Discs 2-5 mm. broad; coronal processes 75-1 50/i In radial diameter, with 5-13 hairs or hair-rudiments; aplanospores 88-100 ^u in diameter. 2. A. polyphysoidca. Discs 1-2.5 mm. broad ; coronal processes 22-35 /* In radial diameter, with 2 (rarely 3) hairs or hair- rudiments; aplanospores 68-82 |x In diameter. 3. A. pusillum. 606 BEYOPSIDACEAE. 1. Acetabulum crenulatum (Lamour.) Kuntze, Eev. Gen. PL 2: 881. 1891. Acetabularia crenulata Lamour. Hist. Polyp. 249. 1816. Acetabulum caribaeum Lamarck, Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Verteb. 2: 150. 1816. Acetabularia caraibica Klitz. Tab. Phyc. 6: 33. 1856. On sandy bottom and on stones, shells, sticks, etc., in shallow rather quiet water (down to 10 meters or more), common. New Providence, Rose Island, Andros, Great Bahama, Green Cay, Exuma Chain, Cat Island, Watling's Island, Mariguana, Caicos Islands, and Great Ragged Island : — Bermuda and southern Florida to Bar- bados. Type from " mer des Antilles" [Santo Domingo]. 2. Acetabulum polyphysoides (Crouan) Kuntze, Eev. Gen. PI. 2: 881. 1891. Acetabularia polyphysoides Crouan; Solms, Trans. Linn. See. Bot. II. 5: 29. pi 4. f. 2, 6. 1895. Low-littoral down to a depth of at least 4 or 5 meters. Atwood Cay, Caicos Inlands, and Castle Island : — Jamaica and Guadeloupe. Type from Guadeloupe. 2a. Acetabulum polyphysoides deltoideum M. A. Howe, Bull. Torrev Club 36: 92. pi. 6. f. Bl; pi. 7. f. 10. 1909. Just above low-water mark, with the typical form and with Neomeris CoTceri. Atwood Cay (type station of form deltoideum). 3. Acetabulum pusillum M. A. Howe, Bull. Torrev Club 36: 89. pi. 6. f. 13- 15; pi. 7. f. 1-4. 1909. Acetabularia pusilla Collins; Tufts College Stud. 2: 379. 1909. On stones, shells, and film-covered rocks in shallow water, sometimes with A. polyphysoides and A. crenulatum. Mariguana and Castle Island : — Jamaica. Type from Montego Bay, Jamaica. A minute plant, only 1-3 mm. high, and the disc averaging about 1.6 mm. in diameter. 6. ACICULARIA d'Archiac, Mem. Soc. Geol. France 5=^: 386. 1843. Solms, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. II. 5: 32. 1895. 1. Acicularla Schenckii (Mob.) Solms, loe. cit. 33. pi. 3. f. 9, 11, IS, 14, 15. 1895. M. A. Howe, Bull. Torrey Club 28: 323-331. pi. 24. f. 1-16, 18-22; pi. 25. 1901. Acetabularia Schenchii Mob. Hedwigia 28: 318-320. pi. 10. f. 8-12. 1889. On stones, etc., from near low-water mark down to a depth of at least 30 meters {fide Borgesen), usually in association with Rhizophora. Rose Island: — Bermuda, Jamaica, Porto Rico, American Virgin Islands, Barbados, and Brazil. Type from Cabo Frio, Brazil. Family 9. BRYOPSIDACEAE. 1. BRYOPSIS Lamour. Nouv. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. 1: 333. My 1809. Ultimate ramuli 2-ranked, the main axes for the most part simply pinnate, commonly naked in lower half. 1. B. pennata. Ultimate ramuli irregularly disposed. Main axes usually deliquescent, the ultimate ramuli rarely less than 20 fi in diameter at apex. 2. B. Jiypnoides. Main axes persistent, strongly contrasting in size with the various orders of branches and branchlets, the ultimate ramuli often only 5-15 fx in diameter at apex ; plant very gelatinous. 3. B. Duchassadngii. 1. Bryopsis pennata Lamour. loc. cit.; Jour, de Bot. 2: 134. pi. 7. f. 1 a, b. 1809. On stones at low-water mark. Atwood Cay and Caicos Islands : — Bermuda to Barbados. Type from " Antilles." CAULERPACEAE. 607 2. Bryopsis hypnoides Lamour. loc. cit.; Jour, de But. 2: 13o. i>L 1809. f. A? a, b. Found washed ashore — probably from a little deeper water than the last. Great Bahama: — southern Massachusetts to Bermuda; widely distributed in the warm temperate seas. Type from near Cette, southern France. 3. Bryopsis Duchassaingii J, Ag. Ofv. Yet.-Akad. Forh. 11: lii7. 1x54. Trichosolcn Antillarum Mont. Ann. Sci. Xat. Bot. IV. 14: 171. ISOO. Found washed ashore. Great Bahama: — Bermuda to Guadeloupe (Barbados?). Type from Guadeloupe. Family 10. CAULERPACEAE. 1. CAULERPA Lamour. Nouv. Bull. Sei. Soc. Philom. 1: 332. My 1809. Chauvixia Borj, Voy. Coquille, Bot. Crypt. 204. 1829. Tricladia Decaisne, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. II. 17: 337. 1842. Herpochaeta Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. II. 20: 305. 1843.' Stephanocoelium Kiitz. Bot. Zeit. 5: 54. 1847. Chemnitzia (Decaisne) Mont. Orb. Diet. 10: 53. 1849. Phyllerpa Kutz. Sp. Alg. 494. 1849. Stolons and upright fronds similar, filiform, in habit somewhat suggestive of Vaucheria, Derbesia, or the irregularly branched species of Bryopsis. Stolons and upright fronds more or less different in form. Fronds filiform, the ramuli verticillate (at least the upper), fastigiate or subfastigiate. di- or trichotomous. 2. C. vcrticiUata. Fronds stouter, ramuli not in distinct whorls. Fronds foliaceous, entire, linear or elliptic-oblong, often proliferous. Fronds terete, subterete, or angled, or, if flattened, pinnately dentate, lobed, or plumose-pinnate. Fronds distinctly flattened. Fronds plumose-pinnate, the pinnules terete, mucronate. Pinnules or teeth flattened. Fronds linear-lanceolate in outline. 6-15 mm. broad, the pinnules often contracted at base. Fronds narrowly linear, 2-3 mm. broad. often twisted and constricted here and there, the margins occasionally entire. G. C. Frctjcinctii. Fronds terete, subterete, or angled, in general outline. Stolons densely clothed with short simple or sparingly branched root-hairs: fronds with crowded, imbricate, bristle-like, mu- cronate ramuli. Stolons nakcfl. Frond with a naked stipe bearing usually a dichotomo-palmate or dichotomo-umbel- late cluster of secondary ranuiliferous branches; ramuli ( 2):?-10(]r))-ranketl. with aclcular 2-ranked ramelli pectinately secund or pinnately disposed, the longer often sparingly dichotomous or again pinnate. Stipe usually not well differentiated. Frond usually angled, the ramuli mostly in 2-0 ranks, somewhat boat-shapod or prow-shnped (at least the ba.«;an. ovoid, mammiform, or less commonly terete, always nnicroiiat<>. Frond not angled, the ramuli subglobose. pyriform. pcstie-shaiJed. or occa- sionally subclavate. Ramuli in more or less elongate raceme-like clusters, several-ranked, 1. C. fastifjiata. 3. C. proUfcra. 4. C. scrtularioides. 5. C. crassifolia. C. latiuninosa. S. C j)iisj)iil()ielluni. in its flatter, broader, less differentiated stipe, and in the firmer-walled, usually coarser, though often more tapering filaments, which are less regularly moniliform, often more tortuous or zig-zag, more frequently and more divaricately dichotomous, and nearly always yellow or yellowish brown rather than fuscous at maturity. 2. Avrainvillea longicaulis (Kiitz.) Murr. &: Boodle, Jour. Bot. 27: 70 p.p. 1889. [Excluding all but syn. FhipiUa longicaulis Kiitz.] BMpilia, longicaulis Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. 8: 13. pi. 2S. f. II. 185S. Avrainvillea Mazei Murr. & Boodle, loc. cit. Common in shallow or moderately deep water, often with .4. nitnirans. New Providence, Exuma Chain, ^Yatling's Island, Mariguana. Caicos Islands, Castle Island, Great Ragged Island, and Salt Cay : — Bermuda to Barbados. Type from Antigua. 3. Avrainvillea levis M. A. Howe, Bull. Torrey Hub 32: 565. />/. ^3. f. 1: pi. 26. f. 8-W. 19'05. Avrainvillea sordida Murr. c^- Boodle, Jour. Bot. 27: 70. 1SS9. Xot A. sordida (Mont.) Oouan ; Maze & Schramm, Alg. Guad. S9. lS70-'77. [Based upon Udotea sordida Mont, in technicalities of publication.] Near low-water mark. Exuma Chain, Mariguana. and Caicos Islands : — Florida. Cuba, and Jamaica. Type from Cave Cays, Exuma Chain. 612 CODIACEAE. 4. AvrainviUea Rawsoni (Dickie) M. A. Howe, Bull. Torrey Club 34: 510. 1907. BJiipilia Baivsoni Dickie, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 14: 151. «/. 11. f. 1, 2 1874. In shallow water, often at low-water line on exposed rocks. Abaco, Gun Cay, North Cat Cay. Berry Islands, Exuma Chain, Watling"s Island, Mariguana, Caicos Islands, and Great Ragged Island : — Jamaica, Porto Rico, Guadeloupe, and Bar- bados. Type from Barbados. 2. RHIPILIA Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. 8: 12. 1858. 1. Rhipilia tomentosa Kiitz. loc. cit. p7. 28. f. 1. TJdotea tomentosa Murr. Jour. Bot. 27: 239. 1889. In shallow water (down to 30 meters, -fide Borgesen). North Cat Cay: — Cuba, Porto Rico, American Virgin Islands, Antigua, and Guadeloupe. Type from Antigua. 3. CLADOCEPHALUS M. A. Howe, Bull. Torrey Club 32: 569. 1905. 1. Cladocephalus scoparius M. A. Howe, loc. cit. pi. 25; pi. 26. f. 11-20. In shallow water. New Providence, Exuma Chain, and Watling's Island. Ap- parently endemic. Type from a tidal pond, Georgetown, Great Exuma. 4. PENICILLUS Lamarck, Ann. Mus. Hist. Xat. 20: 297. 1813. Nesaea Lamour. Xouv. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. 3: 185. 1812. Xot Xesaea Commers. ; Juss. Gen. PI. 332. 1789. CORALIJODEXDROX Kiitz. Polyp. Calcif. 11. 1841. Corallocephalus Kiitz. Linnaea 17: 95. 1843. Surface of stipe compact, indurated, smooth or minutely granulose under a hand- lens ; ultimate branchlets of corticating filaments short-oblong, obtuse, trun- cate, or capitate. Filaments of capitulum 135-250 fj, in diameter. 1. P. capitatus. Filaments of capitulum 300-550 jj. in diameter. 2. P. Lamourouxii. Surface of stipe spongiose or velutinous-tomentulose under a hand-lens ; ultimate branchlets of corticating filaments elongate, taper-pointed. Filaments of capitulum 500-900 fi in diameter. 3. P. dumetosus. Filaments of capitulum 150—320 /a in diameter. 4. P. pyriformis. 1. Penicillus capitatus Lamarck, loc. cit. 299. ? Corallina Penicillus L. Syst. Xat. 1: 807. 1758. CoraUina Penicillus Ell. & Soland. Xat. Hist. Zooph. 126 p.p. pi. 25. f. 4. 1786. Nesea Penicillus Lamour. Hist. Polyp. 258. 1816. Penicillus elongatus Decaisne, Ann. Sci. Xat. Bot. II. 18: 109, 1842. Cor alloc eplmlus Penicillus Kiitz. Linnaea 17: 95. p.p. 1843. Corallocephalus larhatus Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. 7: 8. pi. 20. f. II. 1857. " The Merman's Shaving-brush " ; very common, usually on a sandy or muddy bottom in shallow water (mostly in 0.5-10 meters). New Providence, Rose Island, Berry Islands, Andros, Great Bahama, Garden Cay, Exuma Chain, Cat Island, Watling's Island, Atwood Cay, Mariguana, Caicos Islands, and Great Ragged Island.* — Bermuda and Florida to Guadeloupe. Type from American seas. 2. Penicillus Lamourouxii Decaisne, Ann. Sci. Xat. Bot. II. 18: 109. 1842. ? Corallina Penicillus Ell. & Soland. Xat. Hist. Zooph. 126 p.p. pi. 25. f. 5. 1786. ? Nesea pyramidalis Lamour. Hist. Polyp. 258. 1816. Penicillus Lamourouxii gracilis A. & E. S. Gepp, .Jour. Bot. 43: 2. 1905. On a sandy bottom in shallow water. New Providence, Rose Island, Great Bahama, Garden Cay, Bimini, Green Turtle Cay, Exuma Chain, Watling's Island, CODIACEAE. 613 Mariguana, Caicos Islands, Castle Island, and Great Ragged Island : — Florida, Cuba Jamaica, Porto Rico, and American Virgin Islands. Type from liabama Islands. ' 3. PenicUlus dumetosus (Lamour.) Blainville, Man. Actin. "/i. ls:i4. [As P. dumetosa.] Ne^ca dumetosa Lamour. Hist. Polyp. 259. 1816. CoraUocephahis dumetosus Kiitz. Sp. Alg. 506. 1849. Corallocephalus affinis Kiitz. Tab. Phye. 8: 13. pi. 30. 1858. On sandy or muddy bottom, mostly in shallow water. Long Bank. Great Bahama, and Bimini : — Florida to Guadeloupe. Type from " Antilles." 4. Penicillus pyriformis A. & E. S. Gepp, Jour. Bot. 43: 1. pi. 468. /. la, lb. 1905. On a sand bottom in shallow water, common. New Providence, Rose Island, Berry Islands, Andros, Great Bahama. Bimini, Exuma Chain, Cat Island, Watling's Island, Mariguana. Caicos Islands, and Anguilla Isles : — Bermuda and Florida to Jamaica and Guadeloupe. Type from Bimini Harbor, Bahamas. 5. RHIPOCEPHALUS Kiitz. Linnaea 17: 95. 1843; Phyc. Gen. 311. 1843. Filaments of capitulum 55-90 /^ in diameter toward apices, rather firmly and per- sistently coherent, in alwaj's easily recognizable flabella. 1. P. I'hocnix. Filampiits of capitulum 1 00-230 u in diameter toward apices, lightly and transiently coherent, the flabella scarcely recog- nizable at maturity. 2. P. ohlongus. 1. Rhipocephalus Phoenix (Ell. &: Soland.) Kiitz. loc. cir. Corallina Phoenix Ell. & Soland. Xat. Hist. Zooph. 126. /l. Hot. 6: 492, 496. vl. 42. f. 9. 1919. Not C. adliaerens (Cabr.) Ag. Wall of the peripheral utricles (of the more exposed at least) slightly thickened at the apex, the incrassate area mostly 5-13 ii thick and internally cribrose-pitted, the walls elsewhere mostly 1-2 p. thick. On rocks and other algae, from above low-water mark down to a depth of at least 12 meters. Little Harbor Cay, Berry Islands (Hotce 3585-type) : — Jamaica and Porto Rico. It was at first thought that the peculiar pitting of the apical walls of the utricles might be sufficient to warrant ranging this plant in the specific category, but the occasional occurrence of similarly marked utricles in plants otherwise pre- dominantly agreeing with C intertextum (c. 0'5. Chara polyphylla Muhlenhergii A. Br. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 5: 264. 1845. Chara Wikstromii Wallm. K. Vet.-Akad. Handl. 1852: 297. 1854. Chara gymnopus Hurnboldtii A. Br.; Allen, Char. Am. 2. 1880. Chara depauperata Allen, Bull. Torrey Club 21 : 167. pi. 192. 1894. Chara zeylanica H. & J. Groves, in Urban, Sjmb. Antill. 7: 40. 1911. In fresh-water and brackish ponds. New Providence, Great Bahama, Abaco, Cat Island, and Great Exuma : — Pennsylvania to South America. Type from South America. The type of C. depauperata, here considered a synonym, was from New Providence. 3. Chara haitensis Turpin, Diet. Sci. Nat. Veg. Acot. pi. 101. (Livr. 40: pi. 1). 1826. Chara polyphylla A. Br. Flora 18 : 70. 1835. Chara Michauxii A. Br. Am. Jour. Sci. 46: 93. 1844. Chara gymnopus Michauxii A. Br.; Allen, Ctar. 2. 1880. Chara zeylanica Michauxii H. & J. Groves, in Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 42. 1911. In fresh-water and brackish ponds. Inagua : — Illinois and Virginia to Haiti, Jamaica, and South America. Type from Haiti. Sub-class MYXOPHYOEAE. Contributed by Frank S. Collins. Family 1. CHROOCOCCACEAE 1. CHROOCOCCUS Nag. Gatt. 45. 1849. Cells 3-8 IX in diameter. 3 . C. memhraninus. Cells 13-25 M in diameter. 2. C. tiirgidus. 1. Chroococcus membraninus (Menegli.) Nag. Gatt. 46. 1849. Pleurococcus membraninus Menegli. Monogr. 34. pi. 4. f. 1. 1843. Among other small algae, in company with Chroococcus turgidus, Caicos Islands : — Europe ; Bermuda. Type from Italy. 2. Chroococcus turgidus (Kiitz.) Nag. Gatt. 46. 1849. Protococcus turgidus Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. 1: 5. pi. 6. f. 1. 1846. Among other blue-green algae, Caicos Islands : — of world-wide distribution, marine and fresh water. Type from Europe. 2. APHANOCAPSA Nag. Gatt. 52. 1849. 1. Aphanocapsa Howei Collins, sp. no v. Marina. Cellulis 9-15 fi diam., spbaericis, raro subfusiformibus, mem- brana pertenui, plasmate homogeneo; cellulis in gelatina communi hyalina mol- lissima inordinatis; strato obscuro- vel atro-aerugineo. Cells 9-15 fM in diameter, spherical or rarely slightly fusiform, wall very thin, substance homogeneous, color pale aeruginous; forming a dull or dark aeruginous stratum, united by thin, homogeneous common gelatine, closely set in no definite order. CHROOCOOC'ACEAE. 619 5091 ay^ef'^Sfl^^fm'^ '^ ^^^* ^''"''' '^^''^^•'"^'s Island, November 25. 1907, J/. ^. //oicc The genei-iU gelatine is very thin, hardly perceptible except by use of stains: at first glance the plant would be taken for a si)ecie8 of tiyncchucyntiH. Some of the cells, usually those near the surface of the colonv, show a thlck<-r icgum.-nt outside the very thin cell wall. Its nearest relative appears to be A. Ztniardlnii (Hiiuck) Hansg.* of Southern Europe and liorneo, which has cells of much the same dlim-n- * The record in Forti, Syll. Myx. 68. of the occurrence of A. Zanardinii In North America "Massachusetts (Collins) " is wrong. The writer has never found it and has never seen American material. sions, but of deeper color " viridi-smaragdino," and arranged by '2 or 4 in a llrmer, more sharply defined common gelatine. 3. GLOEOCAPSA Kiitz. Phyc. Gen. 173. 1843. Marine ; teguments brownish. 1. a.huhnimnsiH. Terrestrial. Teguments red; cells 4.5-7^ in diameter. 2. (J.Mdumn. Teguments violet or steel-blue; cells 2.5-3. 5^ in diameter. 3. 0. liutiirola. 1. Gloeocapsa 'bahamensis Collins^ sp. nov. Marina. Cellulis indivisis 4-8 fi diam., sine mcmhrana 3-5 n, pallide aerugineis, in familias 4-24 cellularum unitis; tegunientis amplis, distinetis, lamellosis, sub- vel perfuscis; familiis sparsis vel inter myxophyceas varias in crustam fuscam compactis. Undivided cells 4-8 a'' in diameter, without wall 3-5 m in diameter, pale aeruginous; teguments wide, lamellose, distinct, lighter or darker brown; fam- ilies scattered or loosely compacted with other Myxophyceae into a brownish crust. On the border of a salt pond, east end of Mariguana, December 12, U>u7, .1/. .t. Howe 5538 (type). The cells in this material are dividing so rapidly that single free cells are seldom seen ; the wide teguments may persist through many generations of cell division. G. crepidinum Thuret, the best known and most generally distributed species, has thin and rather inconspicuous teguments, the cells, not including the walls, larger, the color brownish. O. deusta (Menegh.) Kiitz. also has larger cells and thinner tegu- ments, with cells and teguments dark green to blackish. 2. Gloeocapsa Magma (Breb.) Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. 1: 17. pi. SIS. f. 1. 1847. Protococciis Magma, Breb. Alg. de Falaise, 40. pi. 4. 1836. Among other blue-green algae, New Providence : — of wide distribution Inland In warm and temperate regions. Type from France. 3. Gloeocapsa lignicola Eab. Fl. Eur. Alg. 2: 41. 18G5. On bark, New I'rovidence, first American record : — I-]urope. Type inmi France. 4. ENTOPHYSALIS Kiitz. Phyc. Gen. 177. 1843. 1. Entophysalis violacea Collins, sp. nov. Marina. Cellulis sphaericis, 4-5 fi diam., sine membrana 2-3 n diam., elongatis ante divisionem, atroviolaceis, membrana hyalina, incolori vel plus- minus coerulescente; cellulis 2, interduni 4, in membrana matricali persi.stente, series longitudinales indefinitas formantibus; seriebus dense comi)actis in stra- tum tenue firmum nigrum. •Cells with wall sj)herical, 4-5 /jl in diameter, becoming elongate when dividing, without wall 2-3 /x in diameter, color dark violet, wall translucent, colorless or more or less bluish; cells usually 2, occasionally 4 in the mother- cell wall, in indefinite longitudinal series, closely packed to form a thin smooth black crust. On rocks at low water mark, Atwood Cay, December 3, 1907, M. A. Hotcc 52S2 (type) . e! granulosa Kiitz., the type of the genus, forms a thicker, warty and grnnulnr 620 OSCILLATORIACEAE. crust of a brown color : the cells are somewhat larger than in the present species, and brownish or yellowish. E. violacea approaches the genus Placoma in the ten- dency of the cells to arrange in radiate filaments, but the tendency is less marked than in Placoma, and the frond is closely adherent to the substratum, not bullate and hollow as in Placoma. 5. GLOEOTHECE Nag. Gatt. 57. 1849. 1. Gloeothece rupestris (Lyngb.) Bornet; Wittr. & Nordst. Alg. Exsicc. 399. 1880. Palmella rupestris Lyngb. Tent. 207. pi. 69. f. D. 1819. On rocks, nearly pure, Caicos Islands : — common everywhere in small quantity among other algae, especially in shallow pools, both alongshore and inland ; of gen- eral distribution. Type from Denmark. Very variable ; teguments often diffluent, giving the appearance of Aphanothece. 6. ONCOBYKSA Ag. Flora 10: 629. 1827. 1. Oncobyrsa marina (Grun.) Eab. Flor. Eur. Alg. 2: 68. 1865. Hydrococcus marinus Grun. Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien. 11: 420. 1861. On Cliondrla, Mariguana : — Europe ; Africa ; Bermuda. Type from the Medi- terranean. Family 2. CHAMAESIPHONACEAE. 1. HYELLA Born. & Flab. Jour, de Bot. 2: 162. 1888. 1. Hyella caespitosa Born. «& Flab, loc. cit. In dead shel's, common : — generally distributed. Type from France. 2. DERMOCARPA Crouan, Ann. Sci. Xat. Bot. lY. 9: 70. 1858. 1. Dermocarpa prasina (Keinscb) Bornet & Tbiiret^ Notes Alg. 75. pi. 26. f. 6-9. 1880. Sphaeno siphon prasinus Eeinscb, Contrib. 17. pi. 26. f. 1. 1875. On Catenella Opuntia pinnata. Berry Islands ; probably to be found wherever the host occurs :■ — Europe. Type from Europe. The common species of the New England coast, which has passed under this name, has much larger cells, and was segregated by Borgesen as D. Farlowii. 3. XENOCOCCUS Tburet, Ann. Sci. Bot. VI. 1: 373. 1875. 1. Xenococcus Schousboei Tburet in Born. & Tbur. Notes Alg. 76. pi. S6. f. 1-2. 1880. Attached to wall of Lynghya sp., Atwood Cay : — of general distribution. Type from northern Africa. Family 3. OSCILLATORIACEAE. 1. OSCILLATORIA Vaucber, ex Gomont, Monogr. 218. 1893. Trichomes not torulose, 4-1 Oyu, in diameter. 4. O. tenuis. Trichomes distinctly torulose. Stratum and trichomes red or red-brown. 2. O. miniata. Stratum and trichomes aeruginous or chalybeous. Trichomes 10-20 « in diameter, apex straight. 1. O.sancta. Trichomes 6-10 ^ in diameter, apex usually curved. 3. O. Corallinae. 1. Oscillatoria sancta Kiitz. ex Gomont, Monogr. 229. pi. 6. f. 12. 1803 Atwood Cay : — generally distributed, normally in fresh water. Type from Italy. 2. Oscillatoria miniata Hauck ex Gomont, Monogr. 236. 1893. Floating, with TricJiodcsminm Thichavtii, in Gulf Stream between Gun Cay and Florida : — Bermuda ; Guadeloupe ; and Adriatic Sea. Type from Adriatic Sea. OSCILLATORIACEAE. 621 3. Oscillatoria Corallinae Gomont, Monogr. 238. ;»/. 6. f. 21. 1893. On HaUmcda, etc., Mariguana : — Europe; North Arm-rlcn. Type from Trance. 4. Oscillatoria tenuis Ag, ex Gomont, Monogr. 241. 1893. Watling's Island: — of world-wide distrihutlon. fresh water, oconslonallv s,,!,- marine. Type from Sweden. • 2. TRICHODESMIUM Ehrenb. Ann. Phys. u. Chem. 18: 506. 1830. 1. Trichodesmium Thiebautii Gomont, Jour, do Bot. 4: 356. 1890. Pelagic in Gulf Stream, between Gun Pay and Florida : — Bermuda : Guadeloupe • and Canary Islands. Type from Guadeloupe. 3. PHORMIDIUM Kiitz. ex Gomont, ^fonogr. 176. 1893. Trichomes distinctly torulose. 1.2-2 3 u in diametor. 1. P. franiU Trichomes not torulose. Trichomes less than 2 << in diameter; forming definite carti- laginous discs or cushions. 2. I'. ![( mlrrftnuii. Trichomes 2u in diameter or more. Trichomes 2-2.5 u in diameter, cells l.."-3 diameters long. ?,. P. vahlrrinnum. Trichomes over ^u in diameter. Apical cell obtusely conical, trichomes ,3-4. . 5 w in di- ameter. 4. P. Corium. Apical cell truncate, cells T* m in diameter or more. Cells usually shorter than their diameter, dissepi- ments often constricted, sheaths loose and dif- fluent, n. P. Rrizii. Cells usually longer than their diameter, trichomes always cylindrical, sheath close, persistent. 6. P. puhinntum. 1. Phormidium fragile Gomont, Monogr. 183. pi. 4. f. 13-1.'>. 1893. On walls of fresh-water tanks. New Providence : — Europe : Africa ; North Amer- ica. Type from Italy. 2. Phormidium Hendersonii M. A. Howe. Smiths. :Nrisc. Coll. 68": 3. 1918. Forming definite discs or cushions on rocks, Watling's Island : — Cuba, Porto Rico. Type from Cuba. 3. Phormidium valderianum Gomont, Monogr. 197. pi. 4. f. 20. 1893. Among other algae. New Providence, North Cat Cay. Watling's Island: — Europe; North America ; fresh water and marine. Type from Italy. 4. Phormidium Cdrium Gomont, Monogr. 192. pJ. '>. f. IS. 1893. Great Ragged Island : — generally distributed. Type frallide aeruginois, cylindriois, apiee reetis, non capitatis nee attenuatis; collulis 7-9 m «Ham., 5-H diam. longis; dir,sepimentis non graniilatis; cellula npieali rotundata. Stratum pale aeruginous, thick, compact, pulvinato; filaments straight or slightly curved; sheaths thin, membranaeoous, persistent, adherent but not dififluent; trichomes pale aeruginous, cylindrical, apex not attenuate nor capi- tate, 7-9 M in diameter, cells 3-H diameters long, di.ssepiments not granulate; apical cell rounded. 622 OSCILLATORIACEAE. Abundant in 4-5 m. water, forming pulvinate masses among Thalassia, Penicillus, etc., Cockburn Harbor, Soutti Caicos Island, December 16, 1907, M. A. Howe 5593 (type). Nearest allied to P. Retzii, but differing by tlie firmer and more persistent sheaths, the uniformly cylindrical trichomes and the generally longer cells, as well as by the distinctly marine habitat. There is more or less lime scattred through the mass, but incidentally : it does not form a stony mass as in the encrusting species. 4. LYNGBYA Kg. ex Gomont, Monogr. 138. 1893. Filaments attached at the middle, both ends free. i L. gracilis Filaments attached at one end or without definite point of at- tachment. Filaments spirally wound about some other filamentous alga. 7. L. epiphi/tica. Filaments not epiphytic and spiral. Trichomes 4u, in diameter or less, seldom over 3^. 6. L. Lagerheimii. Trichomes over 5^ in diameter. Trichomes usually 20-40^ in diameter; length of cells 1/6—1/15 of the diameter ; dissepiments not gran- ulate. 3. L. majuscula. Trichomes usually 16 m in diameter or less; length of cells 1/3-1/8 of the diameter ; dissepiments usu- ally granulate. Trichomes usually 9-16 ^t in diameter; apex not attenuate nor capitate ; stratum usually yellow. 4. L. confervoides. Trichomes usually more or less attenuate and capi- tate. Sheath becoming yellowish or brownish with age ; stratum mostly aeruginous or rusty ; tri- chomes usually 10-16^. 2. L. aestuarii. Sheath always hyaline ; stratum dull or yellow green; trichomes 7-10 w in diameter. 5. L. semiplena. 1. Lyngbya gracilis Rab. ex Gomont, Monogr. 145. pi. 2. f. 20. 1893. Among other algae, Exuma Chain ; — Europe ; North America. Type from Italy. 2. Lyngbya aestuarii (Mert.) Liebmann ex Gomont, Monogr. 147. pi. 3. f. 1-2. 1893. Exuma Chain : — common on all shores. Type from Denmark. 2a. Ljmgbya aestuarii forma limicola Gomont, Monogr. 149. 1893. Exuma Chain, with the typical form ; of same distribution. Type station un- known. 3. Lyngbya majuscula Harv. ex Gomont, Monogr. 151. pi. 3. f. 3-4. 1893. New Providence, Berry Islands, Exuma Chain. Watling's Island, Atwood Cay, Mariguana, Caicos Islands, Great Ragged Island : — everywhere in tropical and warm temperate waters. Type from England. 4. Lyngbya confervoides Ag. ex Gomont, Monogr. 156. x>l- ^- f- 5-6. 1893. New Providence, Joulter's Cay. Bimini, Berry Islands, Exuma Chain, Watling's Island, Cat Island, Mariguana, Caicos Islands, Great Ragged Island : — generally distributed in tropical and warm temperate waters. Type from Spain. 5. Lyngbya semiplena J. Ag. ex Gomont, Monogr. 158. pi. 3. f. 7-11. 1893. New Providence, Berry Islands, Great Bahama, Exuma Chain, Watling's Island, Atwood Cay, Mariguana, Great Ragged Island : — generally distributed. Type from the Mediterranean. 6. Lyngbya Lagerheimii Gomont, Monogr. 167. pi. 4. f. 6-7. 1893. Caicos Islands : — Europe ; North and South America. Type from Brazil. 7. Lyngbya epiphytica Hieronymus; Kirchner in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflan- zenfam. T": 67. 1898. Winding about the filaments of Lyngbya sp. ; Watling's Island, Atwood Cay : — Europe ; North America. Type from Germany. OSCILLATORIACEAE. 623 5. PLECTONEMA Thurct ex Goniont, Monogr. IIG. 1S93. Trichomes torulose ; filaments inhabiting colonies of Roiatinous Trichomes not torulose; filaments matted into a rose-colored - '">« "'"riim. membrane. L'. /', rtiHioUttn. 1. Plectonema nostocorum Born, ex Gomont, Monogr. 122. ;>/. 7. /. 11. 1893. New rrovidence, in colonies of (Jlocothccc, etc. -.—common evervwh.-r.' in Klmllar habitats. Type from France. 2. Plectonema roseolum Gomont, Moiiogr. 122. pi. 1. f. 9-10. 1893. On sand and mud, New Providence: — Europe; North America. Tvi..- fr..m Germany. 6. SYMPLOCA Kiitz. ex Gomont, Monogr. 124. 1893. 1. Symploca hydnoides forma fruticulosa Gomont, Monogr. 127. 1S03. North Cat Cay and Great Bahama : — the typical form Is widely distributed, the type from Great Britain ; no type locality for the forma fruticulosa which occurs generally with the typical form. 7. HYDROCOLEUM Kiitz. ex Gomont, Monogr. 71. IMt.''.. Sheath cylindrical, distinct. 1. II. comoidt h. f;;heath irregular, often becoming shapeless and diflluent. Trichomes usually 9-11 w. in diameter. 2. II. l}inuh]/arcum. Trichomes seldom under 17/i in diameter. Filaments forming tufts attached to algae or to sand and rocks ; sheaths broad, with irregular and erose margins, but fairly persistent. 3. II. canthdiiilosmum. Filaments not attached, forming an indefinite gela- tinous stratum ; sheaths very irregular or shape- less, soon diffluent. 4. H. glutinosum. 1. Hydrocoleum comoides Gomont, Monogr. 73, pi. 12. f. 3-5. 1893. Great Bahama and Exuma Chain: — Bermuda; Guadeloupe; Australia. Type from Australia. 2. Hydrocoleum lyngbyaceum Kiitz. ex Gomont, 75. pJ. 12. f. 8-10. 1893. Caicos Islands and Great Ragged Islands : — of general distribution. Type from France. 3. Hydrocoleum cantharidosmum Gomont, Monogr. 74. pJ. 12. f. 6-7. 1893. Mariguana : — widely distributed in warmer waters. Type frt>m the Canary Islands. 4. Hydrocoleum glutinosum Gomont, Monogr. 77. 1893. Caicos Islands : — Europe and America. Type from Sweden. The genus Hydrocoleum is fairly distinct from neighboring genera, but the spe- cies have much similarity. Absolute certainty o( determiniiiion cnu be obtained only by observing the development of the living plant. 8. SCHIZOTHRIX Kiitz. ex Gomont, Monogr. 30. 1S93. Sheaths hyaline, trichomes 2-3 ^ in diameter. 1. S. va>all. Nitzschia apiculata (Greg.) Grun. Common. Nitzschia Sigma (Kiitz.) W. Smith. Kare? Nitzschia valida Cleve & Grun. Rare. SURIRELLA Tiirpiii. Surirella fastuosa Ehrenb. Rare. Surirella recedens A. Schmidt. Rare. PODOCYSTIS Kutz. Podocystis adriatica Kiitz. Local. CAMPYLODfsCUS Ehrenb. Campylodiscus simulans Greg. Rare. Campylodiscus imperialis Grev. The following list contains additional names of species occurring in the harbor mud of Nassau, as reported by Tempore (Diatomees du Monde entier, 144, 375. 1915). To avoid inconsistency, the nomenclature, in some instances, is revised to agree with the classification of Cleve, Van Heurek, Deby, Grunow and others. Nearly all of the forms are more or less common along the Atlan- tic coast. Meloseira arenarla Moore. Meloseira sulcata Kiitz. Coscinodiscus concinnus Jonesianus (Grev.) Rattray. Coscinodiscus excentricus Ehrenb. Coscinodiscus leptopus Grun. Coscinodiscus marginatus Ehrenb. Coscinodiscus nitidulus Grun. Coscinodiscus nitidus Greg. Coscinodiscus nodulifer .janisch. Coscinodiscus obscurus A. Schmidt. Coscinodiscus radiatus Ehrenb. Coscinodiscus Rothii Grun, Actinoptychus splendens (Shadb.) Ralfs. Actinoptychus undulatus (Bailey) Ralfs. Actinoptychus vulgaris Schumann. Actinocyclus fasciculatus C astr. Actinocyclus moniliformis Ralfs. Actinocyclus Rotula Brun, var. Euodia Gibba Bailey. Roperia tessellata (Roper) Grun. Auliscus caelatus Bailey. Auliscus reticulatus Grev. Biddulphia Antillarum (Cleve) Boyer. Biddulphia arctica (Brightw.) Boyer. 630 DIATOMP^AE. Biddulphia Favus (Ehrenb.) Van Heurck. Biddulphia moljiliensis (Bailey) Grun. Biddulphia peruviana Grun. Biddulphia reticulata Roper. Biddulphia Reticulum (Ehrenb.) Boyer. Biddulphia Robertsiana (Grev.) Boyer. Biddulphia Smithii (Ralfs) A^an Heurck. Biddulphia spinosa (Bailey) Boyer. Biddulphia Tabellarium (Brightw.) Boyer. Rhabdonema adriaticum Kiitz. Grammatophora marina (Lyngb.) Kiitz. Entopyla australis (Arnott) Grun. Petitia* Temperei Perag. Plagiogramma decussatum Grev. Plagiogramma tessellatum Grev. Dimerogramma lanceolatum Perag. Dimerogramma minus (Greg.) Ralfs. Synedra formosa Hantzsch. Synedra fulgens (Grev.) W. Smith. Synedra superba Kiitz. Sjoiedrosphaenia baculiformis Perag. Cocconeis heteroidea Hantzsch. Cocconeis pseudomarginata Greg. Amphora aciita arcuata (A. Schmidt) Cleve. Amphora coffaeiformis (Ag.) Cleve. Amphora crassa Greg. Amphora cymbelloides Grun. Amphora gigantea fusca (A. Schmidt) Cleve. Amphora Graeffei Grun. Amphora Gruendleri Greg. Amphora Janischii A. Schmidt. i Amphora ostrearia Breb. Amphora ostrearia vitraea Cleve. Amphora rhombica Kitton. Caloneis formosa (Greg.) Cleve. Caloneis Liber (W. Smith) Oeve. Caloneis Liber Bleischii (Janisch) Cleve. Caloneis Powellii (Lewis) Cleve. Mastogloia affinis Cleve. Mastogloia affirmata Leud. Mastogloia amoena turgida Brun. Mastogloia bisulcata Grun. Mastogloia bisulcata corsicana (Grun.) Cleve. Mastogloia Craveni Leud. ■< Mastogloia euxina Cleve var. Mastogloia lineata Cleve & Grove. Mastogloia Macdonaldii Grev. var. Mastogloia ovata Grun. Mastogloia Peragalli Brun. Mastogloia Pisiculus Cleve. Mastogloia Rhombus P. Petit. Mastogloia rostellata Grun. Dictyoneis marginata (Lewis) Cleve. Diploneis advena sansegana (Grun.) Cleve. Diploneis Bombus (Ehrenb.) Cleve. * Petitia for a modern diatom genus is invalid. See Petitia Jacq. 1760, a genua of Verbenaceae, p. 373 of this book. N. L. B. PERONOSPOBALES. 03 1 Diploneis Campylodiscus (Grun.) Cleve, Diploneis coffaeiformis (A. Schmidt) Cleve. Diploneis Crabro Khronb. Diploneis demta (A. «chmiflt) Cleve. Diploneis gemmatula (Grun.) Cleve. Trachyneis Antillarum Cleve. Trachyneis Debyi (Lend.) Cleve. Navicula approximata Grev. Navicula complanata Grun. Navicula cuspidata ambigua (Ehrenb.) Cleve Navicula directa W. Smith. Navicula irrorata Grev. Navicula Scopulorum Breb. Navicula transfuga Grun. Gyrosigma rectum (Donkin) Cleve. Pleurosigma compactum Grev. Pleurosigma Weissflogii (Grun.) Cleve. Auricula intermedia Cleve. Auricula minuta Cleve. Epithemia gibberula (Ehrenb.) Kiitz. Nitzschia angularis W. Smith. Nitzschia compressa (Bailey) Boyer. Nitzschia granulata Grun. Nitzschia Jelineckii Grun. Nitzschia panduriformis Greg. Nitzschia vermicularis (Kiitz.) Hantzseh. Surirella fusiformis Lcud. Surirella incurvata A. Schmidt. Surirella manca Janisch. Surirella mexicana A. Schmidt. Campylodiscus angularis Greg. Campylodiscus biangulatus Grev. Campylodiscus crebrecostatus Grev. Campylodiscus Daemelianus Grun. Campylodiscus Ecclesianus Grev. Campylodiscus latus Shadb. Campylodiscus limbatus Breb. Campylodiscus samoensis Grun. Campylodiscus undulatus Grev. Campylodiscus Wallichianus Grev. CLASS 3. FUNGI. Contributed by Fred J. Seaver. Sub-class 1. PHYCOMYCETES. Order 1. PERONOSPORALES. 1. Albugo Candida (Pers.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: (J.IS. 1S91. Accidium candidum Pers. in Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 2: 1473. 1701. On Lepidium virpinicnm L., New rrovldonce. Watlinp's Island :— widely dis- tributed, probably occurring wherever the host plants are found. 2. Albugo Ipomodae-panduranae (Schw.) Swing. Jour. Myc. 7: 112. 1892.^^ Aecidium Ipomoeae-panduranae Schw. Sehr. Nat. Ges. Leipzig 1: 69. 1S22. On Jacquemontia cayensis Britton, Inagua .—distribution similar to the pre- ceding. 632 PERISPOEIALES. Sub-class 2. ASCOMYCETES. Spores borne in perithecia which are closed or open to the exterior by an ostiolum. Ostiolum wanting or obscure ; vegetative mycelium su- perficial. Order 1. Peeispoeiales. Ostiolum present and often conspicuous ; vegetative mycelium not as above. Perithecia consisting of cavities in the stroma with- out well developed wall. Order 2. Dothideales. Perithecia provided with well developed wall, with or without stroma. Perithecia and stroma bright colored, fleshy. Order 3. Hypoceeales. Perithecia and stromata black, usually carbon- aceous. Order 4. Sphaeeiales. Spores borne in apothecia with the hymenium freely ex- posed at maturity. Hymenium circular or subcircular in form. Order 5. Pezizales. Hymenium elongated, often opening with a slit-like aperture. Order 7. Phacidiales. Order 1. PERISPORIALES. 1. Dimerosporium guarapiense Speg. Anal. Soc. Cient, Arg. 17: 130. 1884. On Cestrum hahamense Britton, Great Bahama : — South America. 2. Dimerosporium zonatum Seaver sp. nov. Superficial mycelium rather scant but giving the surface of the leaf a blackish appearance; perithecia black and arranged so as to give rise to a series of rings, the outer one usually reaching a diameter of 5 mm., the indi- vidual perithecia small, pyriform, reaching a diameter of 100 fi, surrounded with brownish appendages; asci broad-clavate, with a short stem -like base, reaching a diameter of 16-20 /-i and a length of 40 m; spores eliipsoid-fusoid, 1-septate and slightly constricted at the septum, about 5-6 X 16-20 /x. On CoroUorus hirsntus L. Type collected by N. L. Britton and C. F. Millspaugh at Barrett's Point, Great Bahama, February 5-13, 1905. 3. Meliola ambigua Pat. & Gaill. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 4: 104. 1888. On Lantana involucrata L., New Providence : — Porto Rico ; South America. 4. Meliola longipoda Gaill. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 8: 178. 1892. On Tournefortia voliihilis L., New Providence : — Porto Rico ; South America. Meliola simillima Ellis & Ev. Eep. Missouri Bot. Garden 9: 118. 1898. This species, recorded by Ellis as from Nassau, was really from Bog Walk, Ja- maica, as shown by the specimen. 5. Perisporium Wrightii Berk. & Curt. Grevillea 4: 157. 1875. On Oinintia Dillenii (Ker.) Haw,, Inagua : — Cuba; Texas. Order 2. DOTHIDEALES. 1. Phyllachora Ateleiae Seaver, sp. nov. Stromata rather numerous, appearing on either side of the leaf but more conspicuous on the upper side, black, shining, scarcely exceeding a diameter of 1 mm. perithecia few to each stroma, conspicuous; asci clavate, reaching a diameter of 14-16 /a; spores fusoid, hyaline, 4-5 X 18-20 /*. On Ateleia cubensis Griseb.. Andros, New Providence, Great Exhuma. Type collected by J. K. Small and J. J. Carter, on Andros, January 25-27, 1910, 87i5. DOTIIIDEALES. G33 2. Phyllachora fusicarpa Seaver, sp. nov. iStromata rather iniinerous, often thickly scattered over the leaf, visible on both sides but more conspicuous on the under side, small, ranging from 1-2 mm. in diameter, several often confluent; perithecial cavities few to each stroma, opening on the under side of the leaf; asci clavate, 8-sporcd ; spores fusiform, slightly unsymmetrical, about 6 X 25-30 /x. On Diiranta rcpcns L. Type collected by F. S. Earle at Nassau. No date Riven Specimens collected also at Rio Piedras, Porto Rico, by 11. II. \Vh<'tzel and Kdijar W. Olive. In external appearance the species resem!)les PhyUnchora Dttiantuc Rehm, but differs from that species in its much longer and narrower spores. 3. Phyllachora Galactiae Earle, sp. nov. Epiphyllous on slightly discolored areas; stromata I mm. broad, confluent in long anastomosing lines which often follow the principal veins, blai-k, shin- ing, prominently elevated; loculi crowded, not prominent, about loO m, ostiole none; asci stipitate, cylindrical, about 65 X 7 fi; paraphyses abunsoid, about 20 X5n. On leaves of Galactia rudolphioidcs. Soldiers' Road, New I'rovidence. .Tune 25. 1905, Millspaugh 2502. A conspicuous species well characterized by the long branched and anastomosing black lines formed by the confluent stromata. 4. Phyllachora oxalina Ellis & Ev. Jour. Myc. 3: 41, 18S7. On XantJioX'iUs corniculata L., New Providence : — North America. 5. Ophiodothis bahamensis Seaver, sp. nov. Stromata occurring only on the under side of the leaf, as many as twelve to t^venty on a single leaf, reaching a diameter of 1-2 mm., occasionally con- fluent, lenticular in form, smooth, shining-black, the surface slightly roughened by the protruding necks of the perithecia; perithecia consisting of globo.se or ovoid cavities; asci reaching a length of 200-400 /u, and a diameter of 20-25 m; spores filiform, nearly as long as the ascus, reaching a diameter of 2 m- On Tricera hahamensis (Baker) Britton. Type collected by Nash & Taylor. October 22, 1904, on Inagua near Camfield Bay. The species has also been collected by L. J. K. Brace on Andros. Order 3. HYPOCREALES. 1. Cordyceps sobolifera (Hill.) Sitae. Michelia 1: 321. 1878. Clavaria sobolifera Hill.; W. Wats. Thil. Trans. Royal Soc. London 53: 271. 1763. On some insect. Reported by C. G. Lloyd the exact locality not being given : — Ceylon. 2. Hypocrea sulphurea (Schw.) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2: 535. 1SS3. Sphaeria sulphurea Sohw. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc 11. 4: l!>3. 1S32. On the remains of some fungus, New Providence: — Cuba; eastern part of North America. 3. Sphaerostilbe gracilipes Tul., Fung. Carp. 1: 130. 1861. On dead wood, New Providence: — southeastern North .\merica. 41 634 SPHAEEIALES. Order 4. SPHAERIALES. 1. Daldinia concentrica (Bolt.) Ces. & DeXot, Comm. Soc. Critt. Ital 1: 198. 1863. Sphaeria concentrica Bolt. Fun^ Halifax 3: 180. 1789. On old wood, New Providence : — Europe ; Siberia ; North and South America ; India ; Ceylon ; Borneo ; Tasmania ; New Zealand ; and Java. 2. ?Diatrype Stigma (Hoffm.) Fries, Summa Veg. Seand. 385. 1849. Sphaeria Stigma Hoffm. Veg. Crypt. 7. 1787. On old wood, New Providence : — Europe ; Siberia ; and North America. 3. Hypoxylon annulatum (Schw.) Mont. Hist. Chil. 445. 1850. Sphaeria aniudata Schw. Jour. Acad. Sci. Phila. 5: 11. 1825. On old wood and bark, New Providence : — North and South America ; and New Zealand. 4. Hypoxylon Bomba Mont. PI. Cell. Cuba 338. 1842. On old wood, New Providence, Cat Island : — Cuba and South America. 5. Hypoxylon fuscopurpureum (Schw.) Berk. & Curt. Jour. Linn. Soc. 10: 385. 1869. Sphaeria fuscopurpurea Schw. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 5: 16. 1825. On old wood. New Providence : — Cuba and temperate North America. 6. Hypoxylon jecorinum Berk. & Rav. Grevillea 4: 50. 1875. On old wood. New Providence : — southeastern North America. 7. Nummularia BuUiardii Tul. Fung. Carp. 2: 43. 1863. On old wood, New Providence : — North America and Europe. 8. Poronia Oedipus Mont. PI. Cell. Cuba 346. 1842. On dung. New Providence : — Cuba ; northern Italy ; North America ; Australia ; Java and Borneo. 9. Sphaerella Rajaniae Ellis & Ev. Eep. Missouri Bot. Garden 9: 118. 1898. On Rajania microphyUa Kunth., New Providence. Endemic. 10. Ustulina vulgaris Tul. Fung. Carp. 2: 23. 1863. On old wood, New Providence ; widely distributed. 11. Valsa sp. On old wood, New Providence . 12. Xylaria Arbtiscula Sacc. Michelia 1: 249. 1878. On dead wood. New Providence : — West Indies ; Europe. 13. ?Xylaria aristata Mont. Ann. iSci. Nat. Bot. lY. 3: 106. 1855. On dead wood. New Providence : — Cuba. 14. Xylaria polymorpha (Pers.) Grev. Fl. Edin. 355. 1824. Sphaeria polymorpha Pers. Syn. Fung. 7. 1801. On dead wood. New Providence : — Europe ; Asia ; Australia • Tasmania ; North and South America. SPHAEROPSIDALES. 035 Order 5. PEZIZALES. 1. Pyronema omphalodes (Bull.) Fuckel, Symb. Myc. 319. 1869. Peziza omphalodes Bull. Hist. Champ. 264. 1791. On burned places, New Trovidence : — probably world-wide In distribution. 2. Lachnea cubensis (Berk. & Curt.) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8: 176. 1889. Teziza cubensis Berk. & Curt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 10: 306. 1869. On rotten wood or on soil, New I'rovidence : — West Indies and Texas. Order 6. PHACIDIALES. 1. Triblidium rufulum (Spreng.) Ellis ^: Ev. N. Am. Pyrenom. 690. 1892. Hysterium rufulum Spreng. Yet. Akad. Ilamll. 1820: 50. 1820. On dead wood, New Providence: — Cuba; North and South America. Sub-class 3. IMPERFECTI. Spores borne in perithecia-like bodies known as pycnidia. Order 1. Sphaebopsidales. Spores not borne in pycnidia. Order 2. IIypho.mvcetaixs. Order 1. SPHAEROPSIDALES. 1. Phyllosticta CoccololDae Ellis & Ev. Kep. Missouri Bot. Garden 9: 118. 1898. On Coccolohis Uvifera (L.) Jacq., New Providence: — Apparently endemic. 2. Phyllosticta Roberti Boy. & Jacz. Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 40: CCXC. 1893. On Ficus aurea Nutt., Great Bahama : — Florida ; Europe. 3. Phyllosticta Sapotae Sacc. Ann. Myc. 10: 312. 1912. On Sapota Achra^ Mill., New Providence : — Endemic. 4. Septoria sp. On Plumeria obtusa L., New I'rovidence. Order 2. HYPHOMYCETALES. 1. Cercospora Calotropidis Ellis & Ev., Eep. Missouri Bot. Garden 9: 120. 1898. On Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br., Fortune Island: — Apparently endemic. 2. Cercospora Melochiae P. Ilenn. Hedwigia 43: 395. 1904. On Molucliia tumcntosa (L.) Britton, Eleuthera :— South America. 3. Cercospora Stachytarphetae Ellis & Ev., Rep. Missouri Bot. Garden 9: 120. 1898. On Valcrianodcs jamuicciisis (L.) Medic, New Providence: — Apparently endemic. 4. Cercospora Turnerae Ellis & Ev., Rep. Missouri Bot. Garden 9: 119. 1898. On Turncra ulmifoUa L., New Providence :— Apparently endemic. 5. Helminthosporium Ravenelii Curt.; Berk. & Curt. Grevillca 3: 102. 1874. On SnorohoUis sp.. New I'rovidence, Great Bahama :— Bermuda ; Cuba; South Carolina ; and Florida. 636 UEEDIXALES. 6. Rhinotrichum Curtisii Berk. Grevillea 3: 108. 1874. On old bark, New Providence : — North America, south to Texas and Florida. STERILE MYCELIUM. 1. Ozonium auricomum Link, Mag. Ges. Xat. Freunde Berlin 3: 21. 1809. On wood, New Providence : — Europe and North America, Sub-class 4. HEMIBASIDIOMYCETES. Plants usually having different spore cycles. Order 1. Uiiedinai.e.s. Plants having only one spore cycle. Order 2. Ustilaginales. Order 1. UREDINALES. 1. Nigredo proeminens (DC.) Arth. X. Am. Fl. 7: 259. 1912. TJredo proeminens DC. Fl. Fr. 2: 235. 1805. On Chamaesyce hypericifoHa (L.) Small, Inagua : — Bermuda; West Indies; North and South America ; Europe ; .Asia ; and Africa. 2. Prospodium bahamense Arth. Bull. Torrey Club 34: 587. 1907. On Tahehiiia hahamensis (Northrop), Britton, New Providence: — Endemic. 3. Fuccinia heterospora Berk. & Curt. Jour. Linn. Soc. 10: 356. 1869. On Gayoides crispum (L.) Small, Fortune Island: — Porto Rico; St. Thomas; St. Croix ; and probably in other West Indian islands. 4. Fuccinia Lantanae Farlow, Proc. Am. Acad. 18: 83. 1883. On Lantuna involucrata L., Nassau: — Bermuda; Jamaica; Porto Piico ; St. Thomas. 5. Fuccinia Leonotidis (P. Henn.) Arth. Mycologia 7: 245. 1915. Uredo Leonotidis P. Henn. in Eug. Pflanz. Ost-Afr. C: 52. 1895. On Leonotis nepetaefoUa (L.) Pi. Br., New Providence: — Jamaica; and Porto Rico. 6. Fuccinia mirifica Diet. & Hohv. Erythea 3: 79. 1895. On Borrichia arborescens (L.) DC, Great Bahama: — Texas. 7. Fuccinia obliqua Berk. & Curt. Jour. Linn. Soc. 10: 356. 1869. Fuccinia Cijnanchi Lagerh. Bol. Soc. Brot. 7: 129. 1889. On Metastelma paJustre (Pursh) Schlecht., New Providence, on Metastelma sp., Whale Cay, and on Philibertclla clausa (Jacq.) Yail, New Providence: — Cuba; Porto Rico ; Virgin Islands ; Martinique. 8. Uromyces Bidentis Lagerh. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 11: 213. 1895. Vredo bidenticola P. Henn. Hedwigia 37: 279. 1898. On Bidens pilosa L., reported from the Bahamas by Dr. Arthur : — .Jamaica ; Cuba ; Porto Rico ; and Martinique. 9. Uredo Sapotae Arth. & Johnston, Mem. Torrey Club 17: 169. 1918. On Sapota Achras Mill., Nassau : — Cuba. 10. Uredo WHsoni Arth. Bull. Torrey Club 37: 577. 1910. On Anastraphia hahamensis Urban, Fortune Island : — Endemic. USTILAGINALES. 637 Order 2. USTILAGINALES. 1. Cintractia Montagnei (Tnl.) Mngn. AM,. ]^ot. Ver. I'rov. Bran.l. 37: 79. Ustilago Montagnei Tul. Ann. 8c'i. Nat. III. 7: ss. 1S47. Afric^!" ^^"^''°'^«'" ^f^- ^'^^^' Providence :— North nn.l S<.uth America: Knropo ; and 2. Mykosyrinx Cissi (D.C.) G. Beck. Ann. Nat. Ilolmus. Wic-n. 9: 123. 1S94. Uredo Cissi DC. in Poir. Encycl. Meth. Rot. 8: 228. 1808. and MruS^''^ sicyoidcs L., Long Island :—Wrst Indh-s ; North and South .Vtncrlca ; 3. Sphacelotheca pamparum (Speg.) Clint. Jour. My.-. 8: 141. 1902. Ustilago pamparum Spcg. Anal. Soe. Cient. Arg. 17: 89. 1884. On Chaetochloa genicuhita (Lam.) Millsp. & Chase, Anguilla Isles: Salt Key Bank: — Cuba; Mexico; South America; and Kiirope. Sub-class 5. AUTOBASIDIOMYCETES. Contributed by Willlvm A. Mlkrill. Sporophore gelatinous. Basidia septate. Order 1. Auriculabiales. Basidia not septate ; clavate and bifurcate. Order 2. Dacryomycetales. Sporophore not gelatinous ; flesh.y, membranous, or woody. Hymenium naked at maturity, covering the surface of gills, pores, spines, etc. Order 3. Agaricales. Hymenium enclosed in a definite peridium. Spores borne in a gleba, which is elevated and exposed at maturity. Order 4. Tiiallales. Spores remaining enclosed in the peridium at ma- turity. Puffbails. Order 5. Lycoperuai.es. Bird's-nest fungi. Order H. Nidii.akiai.k.s. Order L AURICULARIALES. 1. Auricularia Auricula (L.) I'nderw. in North rop_, Mem. Torrey Gub 12: 15. 1902. Tremella Auricula L. Sp. PI. 1157. 1753. Dead wood, New Providence, Andros : — tropical regions. 2. Auricularia nigrescens (Sw.) Farlow, Bib. Index N. Am. Fungi 1: 308. 1905. Peziza nigrescens Sw. Prod. 150. 1788. Dead wood. New Providence : — tropical regions. Order 2. DACRYOMYCETALES. 1. Guepinia palmiceps Berk. (?) Doubtfully recorded by Coker. 2. Guepinia Spathularia (Schw.) Fries, Elenoh. Fung. 2: 32. 1828. MeruUus Spathularia Schw. Schr. Nat. Ges. Leipzig 1: 66. 1822. Dead logs, New Providence : — cosmopolitan. AGARICALES. Order 3. AGARICALES. a. Thelephoraceae. A number of species in this family have not been determined, especially those that belong to the genera Corticium and Stereum. 1. Corticium. One or more undetermined species Liave been found on dead wood in New Provi- dence. 2. Hypochnus spongiosus (Schw.) Burt, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 3: 216. 1916. Thelephora spongiosa Schw. Schr. Nat. Ges. Leipzig 1: 109. 1822. Dead wood. Recorded by Burt from the Bahamas, collected for Dr. Farlow by A. E. Wight : — temperate North America and Europe. 3. Sebacina spongidsa C. G. Lloyd, Myc. Notes 5 : 779. 1918. Encircling the base of small shrubs, New Providence. Endemic. 4. Septobasidium cirratum Burt, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 3: 334. 1916. Branches of living trees, New Providence : — Cuba. G. Stereum albobadium (Schw.) Fries, Epicr. Myc. 551. 1838. Thelephora alholadia Schw. Schr. Nat. Ges. Leipzig 1: 82. 1822. Dead wood, New Providence : — eastern United States. 6. Stereum candidum (Schw.) Fries, Epicr. Myc. 552. 1838. Thelephora Candida Schw. Schr. Nat. Ges. Leipzig 1: 84. 1822. Dead wood. New Providence : — eastern United States. 7. Stereum Leveilleanum (Berk. & Curt.) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 581. 1888. Corticium Leveilleanum Berk. & Curt. Jour. Bot. & Kew Misc. 1: 238. 1849. Dead wood. New Providence : — southern United States and tropical America. 8. Thelephora spiculosa Fries, Epicr. Mjc. 539. 1838. Ground in moist woods. New Providence : — eastern United States. b. Clavariaceae, 9. Clavaria. One or more undetermined species were collected in New Providence, Andros, and Crooked Island. c. Hydnaceae. Several resupinate species of this family have been found in the islands, but they have not been determined. d. Xylophagaceae. 10. Merulius Corium Fries, Elench. Fung. 1: 58. 1828. Dead wood. New Providence : — cosmopolitan. AGARICALES. 639 e. POLYPORACEAE. 11. Coltricia cinnamomea (Jacq.) Murrill, liull. Torrey Club 31: 343. 1904. Boletus cinnamomcus Jacq. Coll. 1: 116. 178(5. Polystictus cinnamomeus Sacc. Michelia 1: 302.' 1878. Ground on humus, Andros : — cosmopolltjin. 12. Coltricia spathulata (Hook.) Murrill, X. Am. Flora 9: 93. 1908. Boletus spathulatus Hook, in Kunth, Syn. PI. 1: (9). 1822. Dead or buried wood, Crooked Island :— tropical America. 13. Coriolopsis occidentalis (Klotsch) Murrill. Hull. Torrev Club 32- 358 1905. Polyporus occidentalis Klotsch, Linnaea 8: 48(3. 1833. Dead wood, New Trovidence, Andros, Eleulhera :— tropical regli.ns. 14. Coriolus abietinus (Dicks.) Quel. Euch. Fung. 175. 1886. Boletus ahietinus Dicks. PI. Crypt. Brit. 3: 21. 1793. Dead pine trunks, New Providence : — temperate regions. 15. Coriolus maximus (Mont.) Murrill, Bull. Torrey Club 34: 4()7. 1907. Irpex maximus Mont. Ann. Sci. Xat. II. 8: 364. 1837.— Svll. Crvpt 174 1856. • •* ■ Dead logs, New Providence : — tropical regions. 16. Coriolus membranaceus (Sw.) Pat. Tax. Hym^n. 94. 1900. Boletus memlranaceus Sw. Prodr. 148. 1788. — Sw. Fl. Ind. Ooc. 1922. 1806. Dead wood. New Providence : — tropical America. 17. Coriolus nigromarginatus (Schw.) Murrill, Bull. Torrev Club 32: (>49. 1906. Boletus nigromarginatus Schw. Schr. Nat. Ges. Leipzig 1: 9S. 1822. Dead wood. New Providence. Andros : — cosmopolitan. 18. Coriolus pinsitus (Frios) Pat. Tax. llynion. 94. 1900. Polyporus pinsitus Fries, Elench. Fung. 95. 1828. Dead wood. New Providence, Great Bahama, Ahaco. Elouthora, Cat Island, Wat- ling's Island : — tropical America. 19. Coriolus sericeohirsiitus (Klotsch) Murrill, Bull. Torrev Club 32: 651. 1906. Polyporus sericeohirsiitus Klotsch, Linnaoa 8: 483. 1833. Dead trunks of red cedar. New Providence: — southern T'nlted States. 20. Daedalea amanitoides Beauv. Fl. Oware 1: 44. 1805. Lenzites applanata Fries, Epicr. Myc. 404. 1838. Dead wood, New Providence : — tropical regions. 640 AGAEICALES. 21. Elfvingia tomata (Pers.) Murrill, Bull. Torrey Club 30: 301. 1903. Polyponis tornatus Pers.; Gaud. Voy. Freyc. Bot. 173. 1826. Dead wood, Abaco : — tropical regions. 22. Favolus alutaceus Berk. & Mont. ; Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 11 : 240. 1849. Recorded by Coker from Andros, but the species is probably confined to South America. 23. Favolus tenuis (Hook.) Murrill, Bull. Torrey Club 32: 100. 1905. Boletus tenuis Hopk. in Kunth, Syn. PI. 1: (10). 1822. Dead hardwood trunks and branches, New Providence : — tropical regions. 24. rdmes Auberianus (Mont.) Murrill, Bull. Torrey Club 32: 491. 1905. Polyporus Auberianus Mont. PI. Cell. Cuba 397. 1842. Dead or wounded hardwood trunks, New Providence : — tropical America. 25. Fulvifomes dependens Murrill, Tropical Polypores 87. 1915. Pyropolyporus dependens Murrill, N. Am. Flora 9: 106. 1908. Trunks of living hardwood trees. New Providence, Little San Salvador, Atwood Cay, Caicos Islands, Great Harbor Cay, Long Cay, Andros : — West Indies. 26. Fulvifomes Swieteniae Murrill, Tropical Polypores 87. 1915. Mahogany stumps, Acklin's Island : — Cuba. 27. Funalia versatilis (Berk) Murrill, Bull. Torrey Club 34: 469. 1907. Trametes versatilis Berk. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1: 150. 1842. Dead wood, New Providence : — tropical regions and Gulf States. 28. Fuscoporella coruscans Murrill, N. Am. Flora 9: 7. 1907. Dead wood. New Providence : — ^Cuba. 29. Ganoderma pulverulentum Murrill, N. Am. Flora 9: 121. 1908. Dead wood, New Providence : — ^Cuba, St. Thomas, Grenada. 30. Ganoderma subincrustatum Murrill, N. Am. Flora 9: 122. 1908. Dead wood. New Providence : — tropical America. 31. Gloeophyllum Berkeleyi (Sacc.) Murrill, Bull. Torrey Club 32: 370. 1905. Daedalea Berkeleyi Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 381. 1888. Pine railway ties and other forms of dead coniferous wood. New Providence, Great Bahama, Andros : — tropical America and Gulf States. 32. Gloeophyllum hirsutum (Sehaeff.) Murrill, Journ. Myc. 9: 94. 1903. Agaricus Mrsutus Schaeif. Fung. Bavar. pi. 76. 1762. Dead coniferous wood, New Providence : — temperate regions. 33. Gloeophyllum striatum (Sw.) Murrill, Bull. Torrey Club 32: 370. 1905. Agaricus striatus Sw. Prodr. 148. 1788. — Sw. Fl. Ind. Occid. 3: 1920. 1806. Dead wood, New Providence, Rose Island, Fortime Island, Crooked Island, Cat Island : — tropical America. AGARICALES. 641 34. Hapalopilus licnoides (Mont.) Murrill, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 417. 1904. Polyporus licnoides Mont. PI. Cell. Cuba 401. 1S42. Dead wood, New Providonce :— tropical and subtroplcnl Amorlra nnd Auln. 35. Inonotus corrosus Murrill, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 598. 1904. Decayed vines and trunks, New Providence, Great Rahnmn, Abaco, Androg. Mariguana, CroolaHl Island, Angullla Isles : — Florida ; West IndleH. 36. Inonotus friiticum (Berk. & Curt.) Murrill, Bull. Torrev Club 31: 601. 1904. Polyporus fruticxim Berk. & Curt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 10: 310. 1868. Living twigs of orange, etc., New Providence : — Cuba. 37. Inonotus porrectus Murrill, Tropical Polypores 68. 1015. Dead wood, Caicos Islands : — Louisiana. 38. Pogonomyces hydnoides (Sw.) Murrill, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 609. 1904. Boletus hydnoides Sw. Prodr. 149. 1788.— Fl. Ind. OcciJ. 3: 1924. 1806. Trametes hydnoides Fries, Epicr. Mye. 490. 1838. Dead wood, New Providence, Abaco, Andros, Crooked Island : — tropical Amer- ica and Gulf States. 39. Polyporus Bracei Murrill, Mycologia 11: 222. 1919. Buried wood. New Providence. Endemic. 40. Polyporus guyanensis Mont. Ann. Sei. Nat. II. 13: 201. 1840. Recorded by Coker for Andros, but the species is probably confined to South America. 41. Polyporus Tricholoma Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 8: 365. 1837. Dead sticks and logs. New Providence : — tropical Anu-rica. 42. Poria. One or more undetermined species have been collected. They occur In re- supinate forms on dead wood. 43. Pycnoporus sanguineus (L.) Murrill, Bull. Torrey Hub 31: 421. 1904. Boletus sanguineus L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 1646. 1762. ^ Polystictus sanguineus Fries, Nova Acta Soc. Sci. Upsal. III. 1: 75. 1851. Dead wood, New Providence, Great Bahama. Abaco, Andros, Ilog Island, North Bimini, Fortune Island, Crooked Island, Cat Island, Angullla Isles, Cay Sal :— tropical regions. 44. Rigidoporus surinamensis (Miq.) Murrill, Bull. Torrey Club 34: 473. 1907. Polyporus surinamensis Miq. Bull. Sci. PTiys. Nat. Xe6rl. 1839: 454. 1839. Water-soaked hardwood trunks. New Providence :— tropical America and Gulf States. 45. Trametes submurina ^rurrillj X. Am. Flora 8: 43. 19<>7. Old logs, New Providence : — West Indies and western Mexico. 46. Tyromyces palustris (Berk. & Curt.) Murrill. N. Am. Flora 9: 31. 1907. Polyporus palustris Berk. & Curt. Grevillea 1: 51. 1872. Pine trunks. New Providence : — Florida : Cuba. 642 AGARICALES. f. BOLETACEAE. 47. Ceriomyces communis (Bull.) Murrill, Mycologia 1: 155, 1909. Boletus C07nmu7iis Bull. Herb. Fr. pi. 393. A, C. 1788. Shaded soil, New Providence : — temperate regions. g. Agaricaceae. 48. Chanterel cinnatoarinus Schw. Trans. Am. Phil. Soe. II. 4: 153. 1832. Agaricus cinndbarinus Schw, Schr. Nat. Ges. Leipzig 1: 73. 1822. Ground, New Providence, Andros : — eastern United States, Jamaica, Mexico. 49. Chanterel infundibuliformis (Scop.) Fries, Spier. Myc. 366. 1838. Merulius infundibuliformis Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2. 2: 462. 1772. Shaded soil, New Providence : — temperate North America and Europe. 50. Chlorophyllum molyMites (G.Meyer) Massee, Kew Bull. 1898 : 136. 1898. Agaricus molyhdites G. Meyer, Fl. Esseq. 300. 1818. Rich soil. New Providence, Cat Island : — New Jersey to Iowa and Brazil. 51. CoUyhia sp. (?) Recorded doubtfully by Coker as occurring on decaying wood in New Providence. 52. Coprinus micaceus (Bull.) Fries, Epicr. Myc. 246. 1838. Agaricus micaceus Bull. Herb. Fr. pi. 246. 1785. Rich soil or humus. New Providence : — temperate regions. 53. Crinipellis sp. Dead wood. New Providence. 54. Gymnopilus tenuis Murrill, Mycologia 5: 22. 1913. Dead wood. New Providence : — Cuba ; Jamaica. 55. Gymnopus sp. Ground, New Providence. 56. Hydrocybe conica (Scop.) P. Karst. Bidr. Finl. Nat. Folk 32: 236. 1879. Agaricus conicus Scop. Fl. Cam. ed. 2. 2: 443. 1772. Moist soil, New Providence : — temperate North America and Europe. 57. Lentinus crinitus (L.) Fries, Syst. Orbis Veg. 77. 1825. Agaricus crinitus L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 1644. 1763. Exposed logs or stumps, New Providence, Great Bahama : — tropical and sub- tropical regions. 58. Lentinus hirtus (Fries) Murrill, Mycologia 3: 29. 1911. Agaricus hirtus Fries, Linnaea 5: 508. 1830. Dead wood. New Providence : — tropical regions. 59. Lentinus strigellus Berk. & Curt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 10 : 302. 1868. Dead wood. New Providence : — tropical America. AGARICALES. G43 60. Lentinus strigosus (Scliw.) Fries, Syst. OrbJs Veg. 77. 1825. Agaricus strigosus Schw. Schr. Nat. Ges. I^ipzig 1: 89. 1822. mo omtn°^^ ^^^ stumps, New rrovldcnce, Great Bahninn, Watllng-s Islnod :— co«. 61. Lentinus velutinus Fries, Linnaca 5-: .510. 1H.10. Dead wood, New Providence, Great Bahama :— tropical rcRlons. 62. Lentodium squamdsum (Schacff.) ^furrill, Mycologia 3: 27. 1911. Agaricus squamosiis Schaoff. Fung. Bavar. 4: Tnd. l.'j. 177}. Lentinus lepideiis Fries, Syst. Orbis Yeg. 78. 1825. Structural timbers and logs, especially of coniferous trees. Nt-w Providence : — cosmopolitan. 63. Lepiota cretacea (Bull.) Morgan, Journ. Myc. 13: .'i. 1907. Agaricus cretaceus Bull. Herb. Fr. pi. 374. 1787. Rich soil in cultivated grounds or woods, New Providence: — cosmopolitan. 64. Marasmius atropurpureus Murrill, X. Am. Flora 9: 262. 1915. Dead leaves and sticks. New Providence. Endemic. 65. Marasmius bahamensis Murrill, N. Am. Flora 9: 2n5. 1015. Dead leaves and twigs, New Providence. Endemic. 66. Marasmius bermudensis Berk. Journ. Linn. Soc. 15: 49. 1876. Doubtfully recorded by Coker for New Providence : — Bermuda. 67. Marasmius hemileucus (Berk. & Curt.) Murrill, X. Am. Flora 9: 206. 1915. Agaricus hemileucus Berk. & Curt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 10: 285. l'^68. Dead leaves and sticks. New Providence : — Cuba. 68. Marasmius opacus Berk. & Curt. Journ. Bot. & Kew Misc. 1: 99. 1849. Doubtfully recorded by Coker as occurring on leaves In New Providence : — South Carolina and Ohio. 69. Marasmius ramealis (Bull.) Fries, Epicr. Mye. 381. 1838. Agaricus ramealis Bull. Herb. Fr. pi. 366. 1786. Dead branches. New Providence : — eastern I'nited States and Europe. 70. Marasmius Rotula (Scop.) Fries, Epicr. Myc. 385. 1838. Agaricus Eotula Scop. Fl. Cam. ed. 2. 2: 456. 1772. Dead wood or leaves, New Providence: — temperate North .\merica and Europe. 71. Marasmius setulosipes ]\[nrrill, X". Am. Flora 9: 257. 1915. Dead leaves and sticks. New Providence. Endemic. 72. Marasmius Vailldntii Fries, Epicr. Myc. 380. 1838. Doubtfully recorded by Coker as occurring on banana leaves In .\ndro8 : — a European species reported by Curtis from the Carollnas. 73. Naucoria semiorbicularis (Bull.) Qu61. Champ. Jura Vosg. 100. 1872. Agaricus semiorMcularis Bull. Herb. Fr. ;)/. fS'S, f. 1. 1788. Open manured ground, New Providence : — cosmopolitan. 644 PHALLALES. 74. Panellus eugrammus (Mont.) Murrill, N. Am. Flora 9: 245. 1915. Agaricus eugrammus Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 8: 366. 1837. Dead wood, New Providence : — tropical America. 75. Pleurotopsis liliputiana (Mont.) Murrill, N. Am. Flora 9: 239. 1915. Agaricus liUputiamis Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 1: 99. 1854. Marasmius nidulus Berk. & Curt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 10: 299. 1868. Doubtfully recorded by Coker for New Providence : — tropical America. 76. Plicatura obliqua (Berk. & Curt.) Murrill, Myeologia 3: 25. 1911. Marasmius oUiquus Berk. & Curt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 10: 299. 1868. Dead wood, New Providence : — tropical America, 77. Resupinatus subbarbatulus Murrill, N. Am. Flora 9: 241. 1915. Dead logs, New Providence : — Cuba ; Jamaica ; Mexico. 78. Schizophyllus alneus (L.) Sehroet. Krypt.-Fl. Sehles. 3^: 553. 1889. Agaricus alneus L. Sp. PI. 1176. 1753. Dead wood, New Providence, Abaco, Great Bahama, Eleuthera, Crooked Island, Rose Island : — cosmopolitan. 79. Stropharia floccosa Earle, Inf. An. Estac. Centr. Agron. Cuba 1: 241. 1906. Ground in the open. New Providence : — Cuba. 80. Vaginata farinosa (Schw.) Murrill, Myeologia 4: 3. 1912. Amanitopsis farinosa Atk. Stud. Am. Fungi 76. 1900. Soil, New Providence, Watling's Island : — New York to Alabama. 81. Vaginata plumbea (Schaeff.) Murrill, Myeologia 5: 82. 1913. Amanitopsis vaginata P. Karst. Bidr. Finl, Nat. Folk 32: 6. 1879. Shaded soil. New Providence : — temperate regions. Order 4. PHALLALES. 1. Clathrus cancellatus L. Sp. PI. 1179. 1753. Ground, Fortune Island, Acklin's Island : — tropical and warm-temperate regions. 2. Clathrus crispus Turp.; Fries, Syst. Myc. 2: 288. 1823. Dead wood. New Providence, Andros : — tropical regions. 3. Latemea triscapa Turp. Diet. Sei. Nat. 25: '248. 1822. Sandy soil, New Providence : — tropical America ; Texas ; Chili. 4. Simblum sphaerocephalum Sehlecht. Linnaea 31: 154. 1861. Ground, New Providence : — tropical America. Order 5. LYCOPERDALES. 1. Diplocystis Wrightii Berk. & Curt. ; Berk. Journ. Linn. Soe. 10 : 344. 1868. Ground, in soil or humus. New Providence, Great Bahama, Great Sturrup Cay, Fortune Island, Acklin's Island, Crooked Island, Conception Island, Watling's Island, Eleuthera, Inagua, Andros : — Cuba. NIDULARIALES. G45 2. Geaster saccatus Fries, Syst. Myc. 3: 10. ISl'D. Ground, New Providence : — cosmopolitan. 3. Lycoperdon sp. Ground and liumus, New I'rovidence, Abaco. Order 6. NIDULARIALES. 1. Cyathus intermedius (Mont.) Tul. Ann. S/i. Nat. III. 1: 7L\ 1844. Nidularia intermedia Mont. PI. Cell. Cuba H21. Is42. Dead sticlfs, New Providence : — tropical regions. 2. Cyathus pallidus Berk. & Curt.; Berk. .lourn. Linn. So«-. 10: 346. 1808. Dead wood, New Providence : — tropical region.s. Class 4. MYXOMYCETES. The following sliine-moulds have been reported on determinations made by W. G. Farlow. All were collected at Mangrove Cay, An.lros. All are widely distributed. 1. ?Arcyria Oerstedtii Eost. Mycet. Monog. 278. 1875. 2. Arcyria cinerea (Bull.) Pers. Syn. Fung. 184. 1801. Trichia cinerea Bull. Champ. Fr. 120. 1791. 3. Arcyria punicea Pers. N. Bot. Mag. 1: 90. 1794. 4. Dictydium cancellatum (Batsch) Macbr. X. Am. Slime-moulds 172. l>^99. * Mucor caneellatiis Batsch, Eleneh. Fung. 2: 135. 1789. 5. Dictydium squamulosum (Alb. & Schw.) Fries, Syst. Myc. 3: 118. 1S29. Diderma squamulosum Alb. & Schw. Consp. Fung. 88. 1805_. 6. Hemitrichia clavata (Pers.) Kost. Yersuch. Mycet. 14. 1873. Trichia clavata Pers. N. Bot. Mag. 1: 90. 1794. 7. Lycogala epidendrum (L.) Fries. Syst. Myc. 3: 80. 1829. Lycoperdon epidendrum L. Sp. PI. 1184. 1753. 8. Physarum compressum Alb. & Schw. Consp. Fung. 97. 1805. 9. Physarum globuliferum (Bull.) Pers. Syn. Fung. 175. 1801. SpJiaerocarpus globidiferus Bull. Herb. Fr. pi. 484, f.S. 1790. 10. Physarum viride Pers.; Usteri, Ann. Bot. 15: 6. 1795. 11. Stemonitis herbatica Peck, Ann. Eep. N. Y. State Mus. 26: 75. 1875. EXPLORATION AND COLLECTIONS. 1703, Thomas Walker, Chief Justice for the Bahama Plantation, sent plants from New Providence to James Petiver in London, as recorded on the last page of Petiver 's ''Musei Petiveriani" in the following paragraph: 30. Mr. Thomas Walker. This Generous Gentleman, at the desire of my kind Friend Mr. Kobert Ellis, hath lately sent me Specimens of the Brasiletto Wood, and some other Trees and Plants from New Providence, one of the Bahama Islands: for which I am extreamly obliged to him, and for his kind Promises of greater Performances, by the next and all Oppor- tunities. From information given us by Mr. L. J. K. Brace, it would appear that Walker lived at Nassau until 1722. 1725-6. Mark Catesby sailed from Florida to New Providence in 1725 and there began his studies of the plant life of the island in connection with his pursuit of general Natural History. He later embodied the results of his work, with that along the Atlantic Coast, in his excellently illustrated folios on the ''Natural History of the Carolinas, " the fine plates of which formed one of the bases of Linnaeus' Species. In the course of his work he is known to have also visited Abaco, Andros and Eleuthera. His plates illustrating Bahama species are cited in our text with the exception- of plate 86 of the first volume, which we are unable to understand. The balance of his plates are either not botanical or are plants of the Atlantic Coast from Virginia southward to North Florida. He preserved but few specimens of dried plants: one set of these he gave to his patron, Sir Hans Sloane, this set is now in herb. British Museum; another to Sherard, now in herb. Oxford; and a third series is said to have come into the possession of the Physick Garden of Chelsea. 1730-32. Francis Dale, Jr., probably of Hoxton, England, appears to have collected in both the East and West Indies. In 1730 he sent to Samuel Dale (a relative) a large number of specimens from New Providence, and in 1732 another lot from ''Bahama^ with seeds, some of which were raised in the Braintree Garden" (Journ. Bot. 21: 227, 1883). His library and ''Hort. Sice." were bequeathed to the Society of Apothecaries of London with the proviso that they be deposited in the Physick Garden of Chelsea. 1784. F. Boos, in company with F. J. M,arter and Dr. J. D. Schopf, visited New Providence and other islands from March to September 1784. Their collections consisted principally of living plants which were transferred to the Botanic Gardens of Schonbrunn, near Vienna, where many of them were depicted and described by Jacquin. Marter's plants are in herb. Munich. 1789. Andre Michaux collected in the Bahamas from Feb. 25 to March 29, 1789. His collection, which consisted largely of living material, was prin- cipally confined to New Providence though he also explored the nearby 646 EXPLORATION AND COLLECTIONS. 647 cays. His collections were sent to the Hotanira! Gar.len, I'aris. (See C. f:o^^'^'"^' ''Journal of Andre Mi,.haux" in I'roc. Am. I'hil. Soc. 26. 1888.) 1790? Dr. J. W. Crudy collected in the Bahamas "before 1810," and his coL lections are in the herbarium of the Botanical Museum at MUnich, accord- ing to Urban (Symb. Ant. 3: 3;^). A more recent and exten. »ir.;ii i.ii;:ima and the Exuma Cays with Dr. Millspau^h and Dr. Howe. Britton, N. L. Eeport on the Continuation of the Botanical Exploration of the Bahama Islands. Journ. N. Y. Bot. Card. 8: 71-Hl. H»07. Narrative of exploration, with Dr. Millspaugh, of ?"leuthera. Little San Salvador, Cat Island, Conception Island, ^Vatling's Island, and Lonjj Island. Mrs. Britton and Mrs. Millspaugh collected on Harbor Island. Britton, N. L. The Genus Ernodra Swartz: A Study of Species :*' ' '' >•. Bull. Torr. Club 35: 203-208. 1908. Discussion of the six species of the Bahamas, three described a*^ I;<■^\. Britton, N. L. The Botanical Name of the ^Vild Sapo.lilla. Torreya 11: 128, 129. 1911. SynonjTny of Mimiisops emarginata (L.) Britton. Britton, IST. L. Four Undescribed West Indian Sedges. Torreya 13: 215-217. 1913. Stenophyllus Wilsoni, Fimhristylis inagucn.'iis, Iiinwhospora hahamrnsis from the Bahamas. Catesby, Mark. The natural history of Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands. 2 vols., folio, London, ' ' 1731 ' ' and ' ' 1734. ' ' Issued in ten parts, of twenty plates each, 1730-43; and an ai>pendix of twenty plates, 1748. The plates are numbered 1-100 in each volume, and ISO in the appendix. Each plate, as a rule, illustrated one animal and one plant, and descriptive text accompanietl each object figured ; these include about sixty-five Bahama plants. A second issue in 1754, "revised" by George Edwards, librarian to the Royal College of Physicians, is a mere reprint, with the addition of a sheet at the end of each volume giving the Linnaean names of the animals and plants in the work. A third issue, in 1771, differs from the preceiler. Coker, William C. Vegetation of the Bahama Lslands. In Shattuck '• The Bahama Islands,'' 185-270. Baltimore, 1905. Also issued as a separate. Contains an account of previous botanical exploration, a discussion of the composition and relationships of the flora and of its distribution, notes on useful plants indigenous and introduced, a description of the botanical for- 658 BIBLIOGEAPHY. mations, and a list of the plants collected by the author in 1903; several species are described as new. Committee. Eeport of the Committee, consisting of Messrs, W. Carruthers, W. r. R. Weldon, J. G. Baker, G. M. Murray, and W. T. Thiselton-Dyer (Secretary), appointed for the Purpose of Exploring the Flora of the Bahamas. Rep. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 58 : 361-363. 1S89. Also reprinted. Baron Eggers made collections for this Committee in 1887 and 1888. Daniell, William F. On the C'ascarilla and other species of Croton of the Bahamas and other West Indian Islands. Pharm. Journ. and Trans. II. 4: 144-150; 226-231. 1863. Botanical and pharmaceutical descriptions of the Bahama Crotons, with illustrations. Dolley, C. S. The Botany of the Bahamas. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1889: 130-134. 1889. Remarks upon the flora, with reference to the list of plants presented by him for publication. (See Gardiner, John, and Brace, L. J. K.) Dyer, W. T. Thiselton. Flora of the Bahamas. Nature 37: 565, 566. 1888. Account of exploration, with a letter from Baron Eggers. Eaton, D. C. A List of the Marine Algae collected by Dr. Edward Palmer on the Coast of Florida and at Nassau, Bahama Islands, March-August, 1874. 8vo, pp. 6. New Haven, 1875. Record of about 30 species found at Nassau, New Providence. Eaton, D. C, and Setchell, W. A. List of Plants from Abaco Island, Bahamas. Johns Hopkins Univ. Circ. 6: 46, 47. 1886. A list of 66 species collected by F. H. Herrick or observed by him. Eggers, H. F. A. Die Bahama Inseln. Globus 62: 209-214. Braunschweig, 1892. A brief general account of the islands and of their vegetation. Ekman, E. L. West Indian Vernoniae. Arkiv. Bot. 13": 1-106, pi. 6. 1914. Includes the Bahama species. Evans, Alexander W. The Hepaticae of the Bahama Islands. Bull. Torr. Club 38: 205-222. 1911. Enumeration with distribution of 34 species, three of them illustrated, with descriptions, as new to science, Gardiner, John, and Brace, L. J. K. Provisional List of the Plants of the Bahama Islands, arranged with notes and additions by Charles S. Dolley. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1889: 349-426. 1889. Also issued as a separate. An annotated catalogue of over 600 Bahama plants based upon a manu- script list prepared by Mr. Brace, with a glossary and index of popular names. This document is cited in the present volume as of Dolley. Gleason, Henry A. The Genus Vernonia in the Bahamas. Bull. Torr. Club 33 : 183-188. 1906. [iSeparately as Contr. Bot. Dept. Col. Univ. no. 224.] Records and descriptions of the five species, three of them described as new. Grisebach, A. H. R. Flora of the British West Indian Islands. 8vo, pp. 789. London, 1859-1864. BIBLIOGRAPHY. 659 Published in seven parts. Includes records and descriptions of about 200 Bahamian species mostly from specimens collected by Swaiiison and by Pljalmarson. Grisebach, A. H. R. Die geographische Ver])reitung dor Pflanzen Wcftindiens. Abhand. Koenigl: Gesell, Wiss. Goettingen 12: :i-^" i^'"' v'-> ■■.. i aa a separate. A treatise on geographic distribution of West InDaii sp..i.>-, uitn r.tcr- ences to those of the Bahamas. Guppy, H. B. The Flora of the Turks' Islands. In his "Plants. Seeds and Currents in the West Indies and Azores" 277-293. Svo. London. 1917. Harshberger, John W. Notes on the Strand Flora of Great Inagua, Haiti and Jamaica. Torreya 3: 67-70. 1903. Herrick, F. H. Notes on the Flora of Abaco and adjoining Islands. Johns Hopkins Univ. Circ. 6: 46. 1886. General account of the vegetation. Hitchcock, A. S. A visit to the West Indies. Bot. Gaz. 16: 13i>-141. 1S91. Narrative of a trip with J. T. Rothrock, including exploration on New Providence, Eleuthera, Cat Island, Watling's Island, Crookeil Island, For- tune Islands and Inagua. Hitchcock, A. S. List of Plants collected in the Bahamas, Jamaica and Grand Cayman. Eep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4: 47-179. 1893. Also distributod sepa- rately in advance. Eecord of the trip above mentioned, with a catalogue of the plants col- lected, a discussion of the relations of the Bahama Flora, descriptions and illustrations of new species and tables of distribution. Hitchcock, A. S. List of Cryptogams collected in the Bahamas, Jamaica and Grand Cayman. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 9: 111-120. 1898. Also distributed separately in advance. Bahama species are listed of Lichens determineil by T. A. Williams, of Basidiomycetes by W. G. Farlow, of Uredineae by M. A. Carleton. of Ustilagineae by P. Magnus and of Pyrenomycetes and Peronos[»oraceae by J. B. Ellis. Nine new species of Pyrenomycetes are described. Hitchcock, A. S., and Chase, Agnes. Grasses of the West Indies. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 261-471. 1917. Contains many records of Bahama species. Hooker, J. D, Bahama Flora. Rep. Progr. and Cbnd. Royal Gardens Kew for 1880, 30. 1881. Note on the receipt at Kew of a collection made by L. .1. K. Hra<-e. House, Homer D. Two Bahamian Si)ecies of Evolvulus. Bull. Toir. Club 35: 89, 90. 1908. Evolvulus baJiamcnsis and E. Bravci, new species. Howe, Marshall A. Notes on Bahaman Algae. Bull. Torr. Club 31: 93-100. 2jI. 6. 1904. [Separately as Contr. N. Y. Bot. Gard. no. 51.] Records of the algae collected by Dr. W. C. Coker in 1903. Howe, Marshall A. Collections of Marine Algae from Florida and the Ba- hamas. Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 5: 104-166. 1904. 660 BTBLIOGEAPHY. Narrative of collections made on the shores of New Providence, at Joulter 's Cays, Gun Cay, the Biminis, North and South Cat Cays, in company of Dr. Millspaugh on the sloop ' ' Cynosure. ' ' Howe, Marshall A. Phycologieal Studies — I. New Chlorophyceae from Florida and the Bahamas. Bull. Torr. Club 32: 241-252, pi. 11-15. 1905. [Separately as Contr. N. Y. Bot. Card. no. 67.] Descriptions and illustrations of one genus and three species new to science. Howe, Marshall A. Phycologieal Studies — II. New Chlorophyceae, new Kho- dophyceae, and miscellaneous Notes. Bull. Torr. Club 32: 563-571, pi. 23- 29. 1905. [Separately as Contr. N. Y. Bot. Card. no. 72.] Includes descriptions and illustrations of one genus and three species, new to science, from the Bahamas. Howe, Marshall A. Phycologieal Studies — IV. The Genus Neomeris and Notes on other Siphonales. Bull. Torr. Club 36: 75-104, pi. 1-8. 1909. [Separately as Contr. N. Y. Bot. Card. no. 120.] Includes descriptions and illustrations of four Bahamian species new to science. Howe, Marshall A., and Wilson, Percy. Pieport on the Botanical Exploration of the Bahama and Caieos Islands. Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 9: 41-50. 1908. Narrative of collecting on Watling's Island, Atwood Cay, Mariguana, the Caieos Islands, Little Inagua, Providenciales, Castle Island, Great Bagged Island and Harvey's Cay. Jackson, J. R. Princewood Bark, a Febrifuge from the Bahamas. Pharm. Journ. and Trans. III. 6: 681. 1876. Note on the bark of Exostema carihaeum. Millspaugh, C. F. A new Bahaman EupJiorbia. Torreya 4: 172. 1904. Eupliorhia cayensis, from Joulter 's Cays. Millspaugh, C. F. Praenunciae bahamenses. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 137-184; 289- 321. 1906, 1909. Contains accounts of collectors and collections, largely republished in the present volume (pp. 646-655), bibliography, a list of the islands on which collections have been made, lists of species of several families with descrip- tions of numerous novelties and a list of native plant names. Murray, G. Catalogue of the Marine Algae of the West Indian Eegion. Journ. Bot. 26: 193-196, 237-243, 303-307, 331-338, 358-363. 1888; 27: 237- 242, 257-262, 298-305. 1889. Includes numerous records of the occurrence of marine algae in the Bahamas. Nash, Geoige V. Botanical Exploration of the Inagua Islands, Bahamas. Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6: 1-19. 190^. Narrative of exploration of Inagua and Little Inagua in 1904, with Nor- man Taylor. Nash, George V. A Trip to the Inaguas. Plant World 8: 63-71; 91-98. 1905. Also issued as a separate. Popular account of the exploration of Inagua and Little Inagua. BIBLIOGRAPHY. G61 Northrop, Alice R. Flora of New Provi.ienoe an.i Andres. Mem. Torr. Club 12: 1-98, pi. 1-19. 1902. A general account of the location an. I conformation of these two islands, their botanical regions, an annotate(j Abraham-bush, 220 Abrus, 187 Abrus, 187 prccutorius, 187 Abutilon, 2G4. abutiloides, 265 Bushy, 265 crispum, 266 Eggersii, 264 fiUforme, 266 Hairy, 265 hirtum, 265 indicum, 265 indicum hirtum, 2©5 liguoi^ 11)11 , 265 Low, 266 pauciflorum, 266 permolle, 265 triquctriDii, 265 trisulcatum, 265 Velvety, 265 Woolly, 266 Acacia, 159 acuifera, 160 Bahama, 160 hahamcnsis, 158 choriophylla, 160 ' Farnesiuna, 161 formosa, 158, 159 haematomma, 159 latisiliqua paucifoliola, 158 Lebheck, 157 Long-spined, 160 macracantha, 160 lortuosa, 161 Acalypha, 228 alopecuroidea. 228 caroliniana, 229 chamaedrifolia, 228 Hornbeam. 229 ostryaefolia, 229 pcrsimilis, 229 polystachya, 228 Prostrate, 228 reptans. 228 setosa, 229 Setose, 229 Spicate, 228 ACANTHACEAE. 400 AcantJioroecus adclphuius, 5.S8 Acanthophora, 568 AntiUannii , 569 DeliJci, 569 militaris, 569 muscoides, 569 splcifera, 569 Thicrii, 569 Acanthospermum, 447 humile, 447 Acanthus Family, 400 AcetahuUirid, G poh/pln/soiilia, 600 jiusilld, (',*){', Schnickii, (U)Q Acetabulum, 605 curilKicuin, 6(i6 crenulatum, 606 I polyphysoides, 606 polyphysoides deltoid cum, 006 pusillum, 606 Achrcis IxiIkiiiu tisis^ .'524 sdlicifolid, ;'.22 Zdpotd, 324 ZupotiUa pdrvifulia, 324 Achyranthes, 126 aspcra iiidica, 126 aspcfd ohiunifulid, 126 Beach, 126 Creepinp. 127 iitdivd, 126 Kiiotwi'cd, 127 liiudrifuliu, 127 maritima, 126 obtusifolid, 120 polygonoides, 120 repons. 1 27 Acicularia, 606 Schenckii. 606 Acoelorraphc, 60 Acrochaetium . 560 Acrostichum, 465 aureum, 465 caiomiUdndH, 469 exceisum, 465 lomdvioides, 465 polypodioidcs, 470 Actinocyclus fasciculatus, 629 moniliformis. 629 Rotula, 629 Actinoptychus splendens, 629 undulatus. 629 vulparis, 629 Acuan, 162 depressum. 163 virgatum, 163 Adolia. 227 Adelia, 226 Acidototi, 219 Bernardia. 227 jKiruIona, 327 scf/rcfjdtd . 327 Adenorima, 234 Bahama. 234 pyn)ni>iu>t;i. 234 Adenoropium. 225 gcssyplfolium. 225 Adiantum. 467 CdpHliis-Vrnrri.'f. 467 cldvdtutii , 4<>8 melanoleurnm. 468 tenerum. 467 Accidium candiditm 631 663 I Aecidfum — Ipotuucae-pantluranae, I 631 Aeachynuminv granJi/tura. I 182 1 Afzclla. 392 Afzella, 391 (•■•iKHloldca, 302 I Agalinlt, 3!»2 I HiirpiTl. 392 Marsh. .392 ' K|.iclfl<.rM. 392 Agardhia, 6H» A^ardbiella, 561 tincra. 561 I AgaiiI(.a(K.\k, <»42 ! AUARICALES. 038 ! Agarlrus alniun, 644 j t'innaburinuH , 642 I confcii^. 642 crctuviUH, 643 orinituH, •;42 eugrammua, 644 hi ntilruriiH, (',43 hirsutus, 640 hirtuH. (542 liliputianun, 644 viicdcf UM. 64 2 tnolyhditi s, »;4 2 raiiiculiM, •>43 liutula, 643 semiurbicularia, 043 squdviuHus. 643 8t rid tug, 64 o HtrigoHHS, «)43 Ajatl, 182 grandiflora. 182 scricca, is 2 Agave, 73 nckllnlcoln, 75 avicricaua, 75 bahamana. 74 hdhdinatid. 75 Brnceann, 74 oaoozola. 75 Inaguensis. 76 Indagatorum. 70 Mill.'^pauKlill. 75 Nash 11. 7r, rifiida. 75 riyida nisdUma, 70 slsalnnn, 76 Hinaldud dniuita, 70 sdbiilifi rd, 75 Agreratum, 436 conyzoidra, 437 conyzoidcs inarquipalc- acruin, 437 Intlfolium. 430 Uitif(dium, 437 vtutirutu, 436 WfM. 437 Aglaozonia. 591 cannrlonsis. 591 rnndrittiMiM . 594 A(jroMti-i* in dim. 32 ni(/<«/ffl. 35 trnoriaaimn. 32 rirginira, 33 664 INDEX. AJinfeltia pinnatiilaj 560 AlZOACEAE^ 136 Aklema, 236 petiolare, 236 Albizzia, 157 Lebbeck, 157 Albugo Candida, 631 Ipomoeae-panduranae, 631 Alectoroctoniwi petiolare, 236 Aletris, 70 bracteata, 70 c/uineensis, 69 hyacinthoides guianen- sis, 69 AXGAE^ 553 AUsma cordifoUa, 7 Alismaceae, 7 Alismales. 6 Allophylus,'253 Allophylus, 253 Cominia, 253 Allspice. 305 Almond-tree, 302 Aloe, 69 barhadensis. 69 perfoUata, 69 vera, 69 vulfiaris, 69 Aloes. 69 Alsidium Blodgettii, 571 triangnlare, 571 Alsinaceae, 137 Alternanthera Achi/rantha, 127 flavescens, 128 maritima, 126 paronychioides, 126 rep ens, 127 Alvaradoa, 211 Alvaradoa, 211 amorphoides, 211 Alysicarpus, 185 nummularifolius, 185 raginaJis. 185 Amanitopsis farinosa, 644 vaginatcb, 644 Amansia, 575 multifida, 575 midtiflda, 589 Amaranth, Knotweed. 124 Notch-leaved, 124 Slender, 124 Spiny, 125 Thick-stalked, 124 Amaranth Family. 122 Amaranthaceae, 122 Amaranthus, 123 crassipes. 124 dubius, 125 emarginatus, 124 gracilis. 124 hybridus. 125 paniculatvs, 125 polygonoides, 124 spinosus. 125 tristis. 125 viridis, 124 Amaryllidaceae, 73 Amaryllis Family, 73 Amhlogyna polygonoides, 124 Amblystegium, 496 Amblystegium, 496 riparium floridanum, 496 Amblystegium — Slpho, 496 Ambrosia, 431 artemisiaefoUa, 432 crithmifolia, 482 hispida, 432 paniculata, 432 Ambrosiaceab, 430 Amellus aspera, 449, 454 Ames' Halberd-fern, 472 Ammannia, 299 Ammannia, 298 latifolia, 299 Ammiaceae> 311 Ammiales, 311 Ammocallis rosea, 336 Ampelopsis quinquefoUa, 261 Amphibia, 572 Amphibia, 617 Montagnei, 572 pectinata, 573 Sertiilaria, 573 Scrfularia, 573 tenella, 572 tenelln, 573 Amphiconium , 599 Amphiroa, 588 debilis, 588 fragilissima, 588 fragilissima, 588 rigida antillana, 588 Tribulus. 588 Amphora, 628 acuta arcuata, 630 bigibba. 628 coffaeiformis, 630 crassa. 630 cymbelloides, 630 gigantea fusca, 630 Graeffei. 630 Gruendleri. 630 Janischii. 630 obtusa. 628 ostrearia. 630 ostrearia vitraea, 630 rhombica. 630 Amygdalaceae, 153 Amyris, 208 bijuga, 209 elemifera, 208 maritima, 208 sylratioa, 209 toxifera, 244 Axacabdiaceae. 243 Anacardium occidentale, 245 Anacheilium, 93 cochleatum, 93 Anaconda. 358 Anaduomena'. 602 ffabelhita. ei02 Anadyomene, 602 flab ell at a. 602 stellata. 602 stellata. 602 Anamomis, 305 bahamensis. 306 longipes. 306 lucavana. 306 Anastraphia, 459 Bahama. 459 bahamensis. 459 bahamensis, 636 runei folia, 459 Northropiana. 459 Northrop's, 459 Anastraphia — paucifloscula, 459 Anastrophus compressus, 17 Anatherum macrurum, 14 Anaulus, 627 minutus, 627 Andrographis, 403 Andrographis, 403 paniculata, 403 Andropogon, 13 barbatum, 36 glomeratus, 14 graeilis, 13 insular e, 16 polydactylon, 36 rep ens, 37 semiberbis, 13 tener, 13 tenuiepatheus, 14 virginicus, 14 Anemia, 474 adiantifolia, 475 bipinnata, 474 cicutaria, 474 Maiden-hair, 475 Parsley. 474 Wrightii, 474 Wright's. 474 Anethum, 313 Foeniculnm, 313 graveolens, 313 AXGIOSPERMAE, 2 Anguria, 426 Keithii, 426 pedata. 426 Anneslia, 158 formosa, 159 haematostoma, 159 Red, 159 White. 159 Annona, 141 Annona, 599 glabra, 141 glabra, 540 laurifolia, 141 palustris, 141 reticulata, 142 squamosa, 141 Anxoxaceae^ 141 Anonymos cassioides, 392 Anthacanthus, 402 acicularis, 403 spinosus, 403 Anthephora, 15 Anthephora, 15 hermaphrodita, 15 Anthoceros, 521 laevls. 521 Yellow-spored, 521 Anthoceros Family, 521 Anthocerotaceae, 521 Anthocerotales. 521 Anthracothecium, 527 americanum. 528 corticatum, 527 libricolum, 527 ochro-flavum, 527 sinapiftpermum. 527 subglobosum, 527 Antigonon, 116 leptopus, 116 Antirrhinum^ antirrhiniflora, 388 Antirrhoca Incida, 414 myrtifolia, 415 Antithamnion, 581 INDEX. 665 Antith amnion, 627 Butleriiie, 581 cruciatum. 581 Aphanocapsa, 618 Ilowei. ♦-,18 Zcmardinii, 619 ApJianothcce, 620 Apium Amnii, 314 Aplonema, 509 Apocynaceae, 333 Apona, 582 Arabian Jasmine, 327 Abales. 62 Archaeolithothamnium, 584 (limotiim, 584 Archilejeunea, 517 Greenest. 518 viridissima, 518 Arcyria cinerea, 645 Oerstedtii. 645 punicea, 645 Ardisio guadolupcnsis,. 316 Pickcrinpia, 315 Akecaceae. 58 Arecalrs, 58 Argemone, 145 mexicana, 145 Arfjitlianuiid Imiccolata, 226 Argythamnia, 225 arfrentea. 226 Baliama. 226 candicans. 226 lucayana. 226 sericea, 225 SIll^T. 226 Silvery, 226 Aristida, 30 adscensionis. 31 omcricann, 37 cogTiata. 31 ^yrans. 31 purpurascens, 31 scabra, 31 fitrirta.Sl Aristolochia, 113 Coastal. 113 passifloraefolia, 113 pentandra. 113 Slender. 113 Aristoloctiiacead, 112 Aristolociiiale.s, 112 Aroma. 161 Artemisia capiUifolia, 437 vvUiarin. 460 Arthonia, 533 Arthonia. 538 atrata. 5.34 atrafa, 534 rar/iiopruinosa . 536 chiodeotella. 533 cinereoprninosa, 533 cinnahn ri n a, 5 3 3 complnnata. 533 ronfrrM. 533 fissnrinea. 533 greparia. 533 interdncta. 533 niacrnthrra . 534 platvgraphidea, 534 polymorpha. 533 septisepta. 533 Arthoniackae. 533 Arthopyrenia, 525 | biformis. 525 i Clnchonae, 525 ' 43 Arthopyrenia — consanRulnoa, 52.'j coutcn^lcns, 525 ( indcnniilis, 525 fullacior. 525 fallnx, 525 genilnnta. 525 indusiiita. .'>li."» planior, 525 planorbis. 525 tumida. 525 Arthothelium. 534 iiincn.tlii'cuin. 534 Arthrostylidium, 43 capillirnliuin. 43 Arthrothamnus, '_'35 cassytiioidt's, 235 Arum satiiltifdUum, 62 Antndo riirafjmitcH. 39 Asclki'iadaceae, 34(J Asclepias, 341 cUiusa, 344 curassavica, 341 cuni.^savica concoloi 341 paupcrcula, 341 prorcra, 341 Ascomycktes, 632 Ascyrum, 2.so linifolium. 280 Asparagopsis, 5«;4 DiUlci, 564 taxiformis. 564 Asperof'occus clathratus, 590 sinuosun. 590 Aspidium adiantifolium . (iiinrsccnfi. 472 hcraclcifolium, 471 473 Atriplex — CrJtJtwI. 120 criHtata, 120 crintntn nrennrla, 120 I>I<>MVCKTE.S.037 Avicennia, 375 Avicennia, 572. 573. C03 nit Ida. 375 Avrainvillea. Oil l«'Vis. 611 l..nKl<-Muns.61l louiiirauUM , i\\ \ Mn:ri,CA\ niKri<'ans. <*>1 1 nifirirnuH. 61 i tiiip'if'inft fiihn, 61 1 Kawsoni. 612 sordid a. 61 1 Axonopus, 17 (•(•niprossns. 17 Axtirifi pi II tundra, 120 Ayenia, 27H ronimon, 279 pusilla. 27S incisiiitn, 47.3 Baccharis. 444 rrptO'iin cnrdata, 473 antrnstifulla. 444 trifoliatuw^-i'^ di..l,-;\.445 Asplenium. 469 fnrtida. 445 dentatum. 469 halimifolia.444 marinKm. 469 VnhJii. 445 i-Jii-opJu/llum, 469 Bacidia. 543 Afa//^/n..553 Atriplex. 1 1 9 BANr-lAPFAE. 553 arenaria. 120 Rani/ttcria angutosa, 204 666 INDEX. Banisteria — • lupuloides, 258 micropliylla, 204 Banyan, 105 Barbacloes Pride, 175 Barbula, 486 agraria, 484 Crugeri, 486 Cruger's, 487 DonneUii, 485 Bark Brachiolejeunea, 515 Barnyard-grass. 26 Bastard Buttonwood, 301 Stopper, 373 Torch, 143 Bastardia, 269 Viscid, 270 vlscosa, 270 BatJielitim mastoideum^ 529 Batidaceae, 133 Batis, 133 maritima, 133 Batophora, 604 Oerstedi, 604 Oerstedi occidentalis, 604 Batrachospermum attenua- tum, 581 Bay-bean, 191 Cedar, 209 Bay Cedar Family, 209 Bay Geranium. 432 Hops, 352 Lavender, 361 Marigold, 450 Bay-rusli, 463 Bahama, 464 Narrow-leaved, 463 Bay Tansv. 432 -top," 59 Winders, 352 Wormwood, 223 Bayberry. 102 Bayberry Family, 101 Beaked-rush, 54 Beard-grass. 13, 14 Bed-grass, 14 Beef-bush, 396 -wood. 100, 132 Beef- WOOD Family, 100 Beggar-ticks. 453 Bellflower. 387 Benny-seed. 399 Bermuda-grass, 35 Bernarclin. 226 Bernardia. 227 carmnifoUa. 227 dichotoma, 227 mexlcnna, 227 Bertero's Rectole.ieunea, 510 Biatoro atroprisra, 543 calcirora, 542 fnrfvrofia. 542 fus-conihrlln, 543 mcdiaJif^. 543 iiioh/hditis. 543 parrifolia,54Q trirJiolonw, 541 Biddulphia, 627 Antillarum. 629 arctica, 629 Favus, 630 mohiliensis. 630 Pentacrinus. 627 peruviana, 630 Biddulphia— reticulata. 630 Reticulum, 630 Robertsiana, 630 Smithii, 630 spinosa, 630 Tabellarium, 630 Bidens, 453 hipinnota, 453 cynapiifolia. 453 leucantha, 453 nivea, 449 pilosa,, 453 pilosa, 636 Big Man, 110 Sage, 370 Bignonia coerulea, 398 lepidota, 396 pentaphxfUa, 396 stans, 397 BlGNONIACEAE^ 395 Bilimbia, 542 aurata, 543 molybditis, 543 trachona. 542 Bird Pepper, 385 BiRTHWORT Family. 112 Bitter Bush. 210, 438 Bitters, 227, 258 Black-bead. 156 Bean, 195 Ebony. 196, 229. 328 -eyed Susan, 187 -fruited Gyroweisia, 484 Mangrove. 375 Nightshade, 383 Olive, 301 Soap, 429 Torch, 143. 416 Wattle, 304 Willow. 150 Wood. 103 Blackish Papillaria, 494 Bladderwort. 394 Bladderwort Family, 393 Blastenia, 550 ferruginea, 550 floridana. 550 Blastodcsmia lactea, 527 Blechnum, 468 serrulatum, 468 Blechum, 401 Blechum, 401 Brownei, 401 Bletia, 96 alta, 96 Purple. 96 purpurea, 96 verecnnda., 96 Blind-eye Bush. 276 Blodgettia confervoides, 601 Blolly. 131. 132 Blue-eyed Grass, 81 -flower. 366 -pea. ]87 Boa-wood. 326 Boar-hog Bush, 373 Boat Lily. 68 Boerhaavea, 130 coccinea. 130 erecta. 130 MrsutoAZO panicvlaia. 130 scandens, 131 Boerhaavea — splendens, 131 Boletaceae, 642 Boletus ahietinus, 639 cinnamomeus, 639 communis, 642 hydnoides, 641 memhranaceus, 639 nigromarginatus, 639 sanguineus^ 641 spathulatKS, 639 tenuis, 640 BOMBACACEAE^ 274 Boml>ax pentandrum, 274 BoMBAx Family, 274 Bombyliospora, 542 domingensis, 542 Bonaney-bean, 193 Bonania, 231 Bonania, 230 cubana, 231 BONNE.MAISONIACEAE, 564 Bontia, 406 Bontia, 405 daphnoides, 405 Borage Family^ 360 BORAGINACEAEj 360 Borreria, 421 bahamensis, 423 inaguensis, 422 laevis, 422 ocimoides, 422 parviflora, 422 savannarum, 423 saxicola, 422 Slender. 422 thymifolia. 422 thymocephala, 423 Wilsonii. 423 Borrichia, 450 arborescens, 450 arhorescens, 636 argentea, 450 glahrata, 450 Boryna, 582 Boston Catnep, 450 Fern. 473 Bostrychia. 572 calamistrata, 572 Mazei, 573 Montagnei, 572 periclados, 672 Sertularia , 573 sertularina, 573 tenella, 572 Tuomeyi, 572 Vieillardi. 572 Vieillardi pcotvnata, 573 BotryopTiora, 604, 614 Couq)iernnfii. 604 occidrnfalis, 604 Bottaria, 530 cruentata, 530 Bouchea, 366 Ehrrnhergii, 366 prismatica, 366 Bourreria, 359 havanensis, 359 ovata, 359 siicculenta, 359 fJii/mifolio. 423 tnmcntosa, 359 Bouteloua, 37 americana, 37 INDEX. 667 Bouteloua — litUjiosa, 37 Bow I'igeon, 118 Bowstring Hemp, 70 Box Briar, 410 Box Family, 242 Boxwood. 398 Braced, 335 hdJiaiiiaisis, 335 Brachiolejeunea, 514 bahauionsis. 515 Bahamian, 515 Bark, 515 cortical is, 515 Brachycladia, 557 marf/inata, 559 Bracken. Southern, 467 Bradburya, 188 floridana, ISS virginiana, 188 Brake, Long-leaved, 407 Narrow-leaved, 466 Bramia, 389 :\Ionnieri. 389 Brasiletto, 173 Brassica, 146 integrifolia. 147 ork'ii talis, 148 Sinapi-strum, 147 Brassicaceae. 145 Brazilian Kalanehoe, 153 Brier, 172 -tree, 301 Britton's Rectolejeunea, Mrs., 510 Bromclia Pingnin, 66 Bromeliaceae, 63 Broom-bush, 346, 442, 445 Broughtonia domingensis, 95 Ulacina, 95 Brya Ehcnus, 196 Bryaceab, 490 Bryales, 478 Bryobesia, 610 BryohcHia, 611 cylindrocarpa, 610 Bryonia anuricana, 427 guadaUtpcnHis, 426 raccmosa, 427 Bryophyllum, 152 calyvininn, 152 pinnatum, 152 Bryopiiyta, 477 Bryopsidaceae, 606 Bryopsis, 006 Bryopftis. 607 Duchassaingii. 607 hypnoides. 007 ponnata, 606 Bryothamnion, 571 Bryothamnion, 589 triangnlarc, 571 triquetrum, 571 Bryum, 400 aUndum, 480 ca pi 11 a re, 400 Coronate, 491 coron.itum. 490 Hair-like. 490 Bryum Family. 490 Buccra.2 hyperellum, 532 Calliandra formoHU, 159 fonnosa rubvimiH, 159 grucilin. 159 Iiiit inntoiinna, 150 p(trtiiriiin»i«, 150 Callicarpa, .'(73 full a, .•;73 llilclu-.Kkll. 373 Callithamnion, 5.Mi hyutiuidiH, 5bO iorinnboHuvx, 580 vrinpi llutn,b~5 elcgana, 58l> gorgoni uni, 578 Halllae, 580 invtifliinx, 578 ri pens, 578 tttim, 5S(» CaUitpi-Hina uurantiacum diffrartttin, 551 Callyiiii nia LimtninghH, 561 Caloglossa, 504 CaloglosHU. 5(54 Leprieurii. 504 Caloneis foniu.sa. 030 Liber. 030 Mt)er Biei.sohll, 630 I'ow.'Ilil. 030 Calonyction. 349 aculeatuni. 349 album. 35n grandiftorum, 3^0 TiiU'A. ;{5(i Caloplaca, 55o aurantlacn, 550 aurnntlaca dlffrncta. 551 aurantlnrn orythrell.n, 551 • nuranti.-ira isidiosolla, 550 jrnlnctophylln. 550 Caloplacaceae. 550 668 INDEX. Calopogon pulcheUus Simp- soniy. 95 Calothrix, 625 aeruginea, 625 fusco-violacea, 625 parasitica, 625 pilosa, 626 scopuloi-um, 625 Calotropis, 341 procera, 341 procera, 635 Caltrop, 202, 203 Caltrop Family, 201 Calymperaceae, 481 Calymperes, 482 Ricliardi, 482 Richard's, 482 Calymperes Family, 481 Calyptranthes, 307 pallens, 307 Zuzygium, 307 Campaxulales, 424 Campy lodiscus, 629 angularis, 631 biangulatus, 631 crebrecostatus, 631 Daemelianus, 631 Ecclesianus. 631 imperialis, 629 latus. 631 limbatus, 631 samoensis. 631 simnlans, 629 undulatus, 631 Wallichianus. 631 Campyloneurum, 471 Phyllitidis, 471 Campylotlieliuin, 532 decolorans, 532 Canavali, 191 babamensis, 192 gladiata, 191 lineata, 191 Canavalla ohtvsifolia, 191 Cancer-tree, 398 Candle-berry, 205 Candlewood, 416, 459 Cane-grass, 25 Canella, 282 Canella, 281 «7ba, 282 Winterana, 282 Canella Family. 281 Canellaceae, 281 Canker-berry, 383 Cape-weed, 368 Caper Family, 149 Caper-tree, 151 Co'pitularia pityrea. 547 Capparidaceae, 149 Capparis, 150 cynopballophora, 150 ci/nophallophora, 150 flexuosa, 150 jamaicensis, 150 Capraria, 390 biflora, 391 hiflora pilosa, 391 Capriola, 34 Dactyl on. 34 Capsicum, 384 baccatum, 385 frutescens, 385 Carara, 148 didyma, 148 Cardiospermum, 252 Halicacabum, 252 microcarpum, 252 Carduaceae, 433 Carduus pinetorum, 458 Caribbean Pine-tree, 461 Carica, 289 Papaya, 289 Caricaceae, 289 Carpccanthiis platyoarpus, 593 pohjceratius, 594 spinulosus, 594 Carpet-weed Fajsiily, 136 Carpocaulon, 567 atropurpureum, 567 (lusyphijlUun, 568 Uttorale, 567 tenuissimum, 567 Carradoria, 569 Carrajo-bush. 459 Carrot Family, 311 Carteria, 82 corallicola, 83 Casasia, 409 clusiaefolia, 410 cJvsiaefoUa, 526 Cascarilla Bark, 223 Casearia, 285 alha, 286 bahamensis. 285 laetioides, 285 s err id at a, 285 Smooth. 285 spinescens, 286 Rpinv. 286 Cashia. 161 Cassada-wood, 322 Cassava. 230 Cassia, 165 anfiustisiUqua, 167 aspera, 169 bahamensis, 167 haham ensis latifoUa, 167 bicapsularis, 166 biflora, 167 tiflora angustisiliqua, 167 carihaea, 169 Chamaecrista, 168, 170 emarginata, 168 glandulosa, 169 inaguensis, 170 li^strina. 167 lineata, 170 lucayana, 169 mdmosoides. 169 nictitans, 169 ohtusifoUai, 166 occidentalis, 166 polyadena, 170 riparia, 169 sericea, 168 Sophera. 166 Tora. 166 uniflora, 168 villosa. 168 Cassine attenuata, 249 Cassip. 160 Cassytha, 144 americana, 144 ■fliJiformis, 144 Cassythaceae, 144 Castagnea, 591 Castagnea — Zosterae, 591 Castalia, 139 ampla, 140 pulchella, 139 Castor-oil Plant, 230 Casuarina, 100 equisetifolia, 100 Casuarikaceae, 100 CasdarinaleSj 100 Catalpa, 397 Cuban, 397 l07igiftsima, 398 punctata, 397 Catenella, 561 Opuntia, 561 Opuntia pinnata, 561, 620 pinnata, 561 Catesbaea, 410 campanulata, 411 fasciculata, 411 foliosa. 411 Large-flowered, 411 Leafy. 411 parviflora, 411 parviflora septentriona- lis, 411 Small-flowered, 411 spinosa, 411 Catesby's Vine. 338 Catharanthus, 336 roseus. 336 Cathartic-bark, 338 Cathartolinum, 199 baliaraense, 200 Bracei. 201 corallicola. 200 Curtissii, 200 li.enosum. 201 Catopsis, 66 Berteroniana, 66 nutans, 66 viteUina, 66 Cat-tail, 4 Cat-tail Family. 3 Cat's-claw, 155, 156, 157 -paw, 384 -tongue. 367, 438 Cattleya domingcnsis, 95 Cattlei/opsis Northropiana, 95 Caudalejeunea, 516 Lehmanniana, 516 Lehmann's, 516 Caulerpa, 607 clavifera, 610 clavifera, 610 clavifera tivifera, 610 compressa, 609 crassifolia, 608 cupressoides, 609 cupressoides, 609 cupressoides erioifolia, 610 cupressoides Lycopo- dlum, 610 ericifolia, 609 fastigiata. 608 Freycinetii, 609 Freiicinetii pectinata, 609 Jiypnoides, 609 juniperoides, 609 lanuginosa, G09> INDEX. 669 Caulerpa — Lrijcopodiinn , 609 mamillosa, 609 incxicana, 608 paspaloides, 609 paspaluidcs, 609 paspaloides compressa, 609 paspaloides phleoidos, 609 p asp (I Jo ides ph I coidcs , 609 paspaloides typiea com- pressa. 609 pinnata, 608 plumaris, 608 prolifera, 608 prolifera ohovata, 60S racemosa, 610 racemosa, 610 raeemosa clavlfera, 610 raeemosa urifera, 610 sertularioides, 608 sertidarioides, 608 taxifoUa crassifolia. 608 verticillata. 608 TArLERPACEAE, 607 Cayaponia, 426 araericana. 427 Panicled, 427 racemosa, 427 Rncemoso, 427 CeanotJnis cuhoisis, 258 ferreus, 256 reclinatits, 257 Cedrela odorata, 214 Ceiba, 274 pentandra, 274 Cet^vstr.\ceae. 246 Celastrus my rtif alius, 153 ovata, 258 Celosia, 123 nitida. 123 payUculatn. 128 Slender. 123 Celtls Lamarekiana, 104 Ccyichorufi hirautus, 30 Cenchropsis, 28 myosuroides. 28 Cenchrus. 28 carolinianns. 29 echinatus, ."^O rrhinntus riridis, 29 hirsutus. 30. 263 microcephalus. 29 myosuroides, 28 rarrmnsns, 14 trihuloides, 29 trihuloides, 29 viridis, 29 Cenomyre pyrnorlada, 547 Centaurium. 330 PrittoTiii. 330 rentaiirv. 330 Centella. 312 nsintiVa. 313 nsiafirn . 31 2 rcpnvdn . 313 Centroceras, 5S3 Centrorerns. 627 hrnehunranthuvi. 583 rlavnlatiim. 583 clarvlatum . 583 cryptaeanthurn, 583 Centroceras — hyalaranthum, 5S3 micrunthvvium, 5H3 oxyucanthum. 5S3 Ccn trosoma ttirijin ianuvi, 188 viriiiiiUmum unijUHtifo Hum, ISH Centrostachys. 125 indirii. I2f5 (Vntury-plant. Ac-klin's Is- land, 7r) Rahnnia. 75 Brace's, 74 Inajjua. 7»'i MUispauKh's, 75 Nuish's. 7<". New I'rovi(lei)ce, 75 \Vatlliiff"s Island. 76 Cephalocereus. 291 bahanu'iisia. 292 Millspauphll. 292 Ceramiaceae. 57S Cera m iantein u m . 562 Cerawiov,r>C,2 Ceramium, 5S2 aruleatum. 581 byssoldeurn. 583 clavtilatuni, 583 cornicnlatum. 583 cruclatum, 582 diaphanum Irnuissi- mum. 582 divaricntum, 582 Icptophloeum, 582 nitons, 5S2 ruhruni nitens, 582 suhtile, 582 suhtile. 5H2 tennissimnra. 582 transversalr, 58.3 Trirhorlndis, 571 Ceramothamnion, 583 Podii. 5.<<3 Ceratolejeunea. 513 Cuban. 513 cnbonsis, 513 Entire-leaved. 513 intefrrifolia. 513 Crratosehoeuus capitatus, 54 Cerbera, 338 Thevetia. 338 Percospora Palotropidls. 635 Melnchiae. 635 Stachytarpbetae. fi35 Tnmerae. 635 Cereus lioerlnnanvi. 293 prnvdifInni/». 294 pelJuriilKS. 292 repavdii.t. 292 F!u-nrt:ii. 292 iriannuhiris. 203 1rirof)t(itiis. 293 iindntus. 293 ferlomyces comirninis. 642 Crroprpin pahisfris, 343 Crrotlinvtviis errifrru'*, 102 Cestrum, 385 nnbania. 386 bnbamonse. 385 hahnwrusr, 632 diunniw. 386 palHduvi. 386 vespertinutn, 386 r'llAETAN«:iA<*EAE, 557 Chaetocbloa, 27 Kcniculatn. 27 ijrtiirulatn, G37 u!aur,i_ '21 imberbis, 27 malu\cKVJD. 599 ChamaecriiU, 168 •■■•irlbnoa. 169 rhamnorrlgtB. 168 Inajriw-DHlfi. 170 llnontn. 170 ' hiravann. 160 rii.nrln. 169 Chamaedorls, C,(>'2 fhamardorift, .575. 578. 579 nnnulata. 602 IVnlfiilum. 6i»2 J'rniriiltim. 5sh rnAM.\rsiiMir»NA(i:.\E. 620 Chamaesyce. 237 I artlculata. 239 I Rerterlann. 241 Rlorida, 547 gracilis verticillata, 547 pityrea, 547 pycnoclada, 547 pyj-idata, 547 pyxidata chlorophaea, 547 rangiferina, 547 verticillata, 547 Cladoxiaceae. 546 Cladophora, 600 a-egagropila memhran- acea, 601 crispula, 601 crystallina, 601 fascicularis, 601 fracta, 600 fuliginosa. 601 luteola. 601 nitida, 601 Cladophoraceae, 599 Cladophoropsis, 601 Cladophoropsis, 611 membranacea, 601 Clathroporina, 527 nuculastrum, 527 Clathrus cancellatus. 644 crispus, 644 Clavaria, 638 soholifera, 633 Clavariaceae, 638 Clematis, 140 bahamica, 140 dioica, 140 dioica hahamica, 140 pammulastrum, 140 Vitalha, 140 Cleome, 149 gynandra. 149 pentaphylla, 149 Clerodendron aculeatum, 374 Odorous, 375 Clerodendrum, 374 fragrans, 375 Climacosphenia, 627 moniligera, 627 monUiqera. 627 Climbing Hempweed, 440 Polypody, 471 Clitoria, 187 Ternatea. 187 rirniniana, 188 Closed FiTosmolejeunea, 512 Clusia, 281 INDEX. 671 Clusia — flava, 281 rosea, 281 Clusia Family. 280 Clusiaceab, 2S0 Clutia CaacuriUa, 223 Elutcria, 223 Coca Family, 108 Coccocarpia, 548 moJxjhdea, 548 molj/bdca toiuior, 548 pellita, 548 pellita genuina, 548 pellita pannosa, 548 pellita parmelioidee, 548 pellita smaragdina, 548 pellita tenuior, 548 smaragdhia, 548 Coccocladus, 604 occidentals, 604 occidvn talis Conqucran- tii, 604 occidentalis laxua, 604 Coccolobis, 116 Coccolohis, 553 bahamensis, 117 diversifolia, 117 Krugii, 118 laurifolia, 117 launfoli(Uj 541 leoganensis, 116 Northropiae, 117 ohtusifolia, 117 punctata, 117 retitsa, 117 teniiifoUa. 117 Uvifera, 136 Uvifcra, 635 W right H, 117 Cocconeis, 628 heteroidea. 630 pseudomarglnata, 630 Scutellum, 628 Coccothrinax, 50 argentea, 59 jucunda. 59 Cock-spur, 132 Cocklebur. 431 Cockroach Berry, 383 Coco-nut, 61 Plum. 154 Cocobey. 358 Cocos, 61 nucifera, 61 Codiaceae. 611 Codiolum polyrhxzum, 598 Codium, 016 adliacrcns, 617 drrortiratum . 616 rlo7i4minicaritus, 131 Commicarpus, 13() scandens, 131 Common Tortula. 484 Comorladna intci/rifoUa, 245 CondaUa frn< a, 256 Conferva ranira. 553 ccramUnUi. 553 c}avueformis,QO\ clavata, 500 crustdlliiia. 6(•<» hicrofilyphica, 000 implcxa, 6()<> ivtcrtcj-ta, 574 intcstinalis, 509 Linutn, 590 incmbranacra, 6(tl oedofionia, 6(tl simplex, 560 trichocladia. 571 vagahunda. <',i»u CONIKEUS. 4 til Conocarpus, 3n2 ertHta. 3(t2 erect a, II 10 rarrmnsa, 3'>1 Conringia, 148 oricntalis. 14>> CONVOLVJLACEAK. 345 Convolvulus a4uli ' ritlitnln,stronntP nrynm. 401 ; roroniUa nrciilentaHM. 1S2 Hcricca. 1S2 Coronopuf. 14S 672 INDEX. Coronopus — didymus, 148 Corticium, 638 Corticium, 638 Leveilleanum, 638 Corypha PalmettOj 60 Coryphantha, 294 nivosa, 295 CosciBodiscus concinnus Jonesianus, 629 excentricus, 629 leptopus, 629 marginatus, 629 nitidulus, 629 nitidus, 629 nodulifer, 629 obscurus, 629 radiatus, 629 . Rothii. 629 Cotton, 274 Cotyledon pinnata, 152 Cough-bush, 445 Country Belle, 379 Cow-bush, 162, 276 Cowitch, 106, 189 Crab-grass, 16, 30 -wood, 118, 232 Crab's Eyes, 187 Cracca, 181 cathartica, 181 cinerea, 181 Schottii, 181 Cranichis, 84 lu-teoUi, 89 olUjuntha, 86 Crassina, 448 multiflora, 448 Crassulaceae, 152 Crataeva Tapia, 151 Creeping-Cucumber, 426 Crescentia, 398 Cujete, 308 Crinipellis, 642 Crocus, 78 CrossopetaJum aquifolium, 248 CO riace 1(771, 247 f1o7-ida7iu77i, 248 ilicifoJ 17(771, 248 pallois, 248 Rhocomn, 2-i8 Crotalaria, 178 incana, 179 lotifolia, 179 pumila, 179 retusa, 178 stip7(laris, 179 verrucosa, 178 Croton, 222 a7-fic7iteum. 224 Bahama, 224 bahamensis. 224 Ca^scaiHlla, 223 Casco7-ilUj U7iearis, 223 chamaedi-ifoUus, 228 discolor, 223 Eluteria. 223 Ferguso77ii, 223 parens, 223 flocculosus, 223 plahclhon. 224 Hjahnarsoidi, 224 humilis, 224 hutiHlis ofigat7 ifolms, 224 Croton, Linear-leaved, 223 linearis, 223 lobatus, 224 Lobed, 224 lucidus, 224 lucidus puMgerus, 224 Rosemary, 223 7'osma7-inifolius, 222 rosmarinoides, 222 Crouania, 581 attenuata, 581 Crowfoot Family^ 140 Cruger's Barbula, 487 Cryptostegia, 340 grandiflora, 340 Crystalline Riccia, 503 Cuban Ceratolejeunea, 513 Yellow-wood, 207 Cucnmis Angi(7'ia, 426 CUCUEBITACEAE, 425 Cuphea, 299 Parsonsia, 300 Curcas, 224 Curcas, 225 iridica, 225 Cuscuta, 355 americana, 356 a)nerica7ia, 356 arvensis, 356 ohtusiflora, 356 pentagona, 356 CUSCUTACEAE, 355 Custard-apple, 142 Custard- APPLE Family, 141 CUTLERIACEAE, 591 Cuttle-fish, 64 Cyathus intermedins, 645 pallidus, 645 Ctcad Family, 462 Cycadaceae, 462 Cycadales, 462 Cyclospathe Northropi, 61 Cymatosira, 627 Lorenziana, 627 Cymbidii(77i ut7-iculatum, 96 Cymodocea, 6 Cytnodocea, 570, 574, 583 588 manatorum, 6 Cymodoceaceae,, 6 Cymopolia, 605 barbata, 605 liibarhata, 605 mexicana, 605 Rosai-ium, 605 7(tubarbata, 605 Cynoctonum, 329 Mitreola, 329 sessiUfolia, 329 Cynodoii, 34 Dactylon, 34 Cytiosttrus aegyptius, 38 domingensis, 39 indiC7(s, 37 vi7-gaU(S, 38 Cyperaceae, 43 Cyperus, 44 aristatus, 45 brunneus, 46 h7-i(t7J7e7(s, 46 Capitate. 47 Coarse, 47 Coast, 47 compressus, 45 I Cyperus — confertus, 47 Cuspidate, 45 cuspidatus, 45 elegans, 45 ferax, 47 filiformis, 47 Flat, 45 Florida, 46 floridanus, 46 fuligineus, 46 Gatesii, 44 hii'tus, 51 Large, 46 ligularis, 46 Luzulae, 45 Marsh, 45 monostachyos, 52 ochraceus, 45 Panicled, 44 paniculatus, 44 polystachyus,4:4: pseudovegetus, 45 rotundus, 46 Sand. 47 Slender. 47 VahUi, 46, 47 Viscid, 45 I'iscosus, 45 Yellow. 45 Cypress Vine. 350 Cyrilla pauiculata, 315 Cystoseira, 591 Myrica, 591 Cytisus Cajan, 192 Dacryomycetales, 637 Dactylis patens, 34 Dactyloctenium, 38 aegyptium, 38 Daedalea amanitoides, 639 Berkeleui, 640 Dahoon Holly. 245 Dalbergia B 7-0 loiei. 186 Ecastophyllum, 186 Daldinia concentrica, 634 Danish, 336 Dark Maiden-hair Fern, 468 Dasia, 575 Dasya, 575 Dasya, 575 Collinsiana, 576 Crouaniana, 576 Delilei, 564 cler/ans, 576 aihhesii, 575 lopJioclados, 571 mollis. 576 pedicellata. 576 pedicellata. 577 ramosissima, 576 rlgidula. 576 I'igidula, 577 spinulige7'a, 577 squarrosa. 576 trichoclados, 571 Tu7nanouiczi, 571 Wurdonanni, 575 Dasycladaceae. 604 Dasycladus, 604 claraefnrmis. 604 occidcntalis, 604 vermiculnris, 604 Dasyopsis, 577 Antillarum, 577 INDEX. r,:;^ Dasyopsis — Antilhn-um, 577 TpenicUUiia, 577 spinclla. 577 splnulUfcra, 577 Datura, 380 fastuosa. 3SG Garden. 3S7 Metel. 38(5 Stramonium, 386 Taf ?/?(/, 386 Davollia chirata, 468 Day-flower, 67 -lily. 70 Delesseria. 564 Leprieurii, 564 ten ui folia. 564 Delesreriaceae, 564 Delonix, 175 regia, 175 Dcndrohium pohfstachynm, 80 Dendropemon, 108 bahamensis. 109 brevipes. 108 emarginatns, 100 emarf/in a t us IcpiiloUis . 100 purpnreus. 108 Dendropogon, 63 usneoidos, 63 Derbesia, 610 Derhesia, 607 tenuissimn, 610 vaucheriaeformis. 610 DERnESIACEAE. 610 DERMATOrARPACEAE, 531 Dermatocarpon, 531 hppaticum. 531 lachnenm. 531 Moulinsii, 531 DertnatoUthon prototupus, 586 piistulntvm , 586 Dermocarpa. 620 FarlnvH. 620 prasina, 620 DesmantJiuft drrirrsfmn, 163 strictii.9. 163 rtrr/of !/,tyij:ik»m-;s, OS Dicrunum alhidtnn , 479 Dictydiurn canccllatum, 645 scjuaiimlosuni, 645 Dictyerpa, 697 jariiMicmsis, 507 Dictyoneis, Ci'jh janiaiccnsis. 628 niarKiuata. 63U Dict!/i>]it( lis. 595 •J U.St a, 505 Dictyosphaeria, 603 I) ictyofiph acriu . 6(i4 favulosa. 603 raloniuidvs, 604 Dictyota, 506 Dictyota, 586. 587 Antif/uar, 597 A to ma rid, 506 liartaiirc.siatia, 596 Rartayrcsil. 506 I{art(i!/r( sii. 506 lironfiiartii. 50t*» cervicornis. 506 ccrvicornis. 596, 597 dentata. 596 drnlata. 596 dicbotoma. 596 divaricata. 596 Fasriola. 596 r7Mi;irr».<»/<», 597 indica. 596 Mcrtrnaii. 596 patma. 596 ftuhdcutata. 596 varicf/ata. 594 zonaia, 594 DrCTYOTACEAE. 594 Didrrmn ftquamulnxum. 645 DidymcUa Cinchnnac, 525 Digenea, 569 Diijrnra. 582. 589. 601 ] simplex. 569 \ ll-j//^7it, .569 Di()itaris ;i'l\. I. , - ;n...giina, 030 • iH. 031 <■■■■■■■ o. 031 Crabro. tiai denita. 031 K<'niinatuln. 031 VM< i;|;inH, 028 \V.issII.,Kl|.02S Dipterosiphonla, .175 I Ehrenberjril. 25n vinroaa ohovata. 250 Dodonaea Family. 250 DODONAEArEAR, 250 Dog-berry. 316 -drink water. 65 -fennol. 437. 43s Doon A N n Fa m i i.y . 333 Dop^v<>.>d. ISO. 25n Dolicholus, 192 minimus. 193 Net veln«'rmrdin. 121 linenrlH. 121 ^Vil$unU, 121 674 INDEX. Donkey Thistle, 145 dothideales^ 632 Dracaena Family, 72 Deacaexaceae, 72 Dropseed-grass, 33 Drymaria, 137 Drymaria, 137 cordata. 137 Dryopteris, 472 asplenioides, 473 augescens, 472 cordata, 473 normalis, 472 patens, 472, 473 reptans, 473 reptans, 473 Drypetes, 221 Drypetes, 526, 532 diversifolia, 222 cliversifolia, 528 keyensis, 222 lateriflora, 221 mucronata, 222 Sharp-leaved, 222 Duck-weed, 62 Duck-weed Family, 62 Dudresnaya, 583 bermudensis, 583 DUMONTIACEAE, 583 Duranta, 372 ElUsia, 372 Plumieri, 372 repens, 372 repenSj 633 Eared Mastigolejeunea. 517 Eaton's Selaginella, 477 Ebenaceae^ 325 Ebexales, 320 Ebony, 255 Ebony Fa:mily^ 325 Ecastaphyllum, 185 Broionei, 186 Ecastaphyllum, 186 Echinocactus, 205 Echinoeaulon rigidum, 560 Echinochloa, 26 colonum, 26 Crus-galli, 26 Echinodorus, 7 cordifolius, 7 rostratus, 7 Echites, 336 Andreirsii, 338 Uffora, 337 Cateshaei, 338 Echites, 336 jamaiccnsis, 337 macrocarpa, 397 neriandra, 338 paludosa, 337 Sar/raei, 337 siiherecta, 338 umhellata. 336 Eclipta aiha, 449 erecta, 449 ECTOCAEPACEAE, 589 Ectocarpus, 590 AntiUartim, 589 Hooperi, 589 Mitchellae, 590 Egg-fruit, 322 Egyptian Grass. 38 Ehretia Beureria, 359 tinifolia, 359 Eheetia Family, 357 Ehretiaceae, 357 Elaeodendron, 249 attenuatum, 249 xylocarpum. 111, 250 wylocarpum hahamense, 249 Elaphrium, 211 Bahama, 212 inaguense, 212 Simaruba, 212 Simaruba, 109 Eleocharis, 47 atropurpurea, 49 at to purpurea, 49 camptotricha Schwei- nitzii, 49 capitata, 49 cellulosa, 48 flaccida, 48 interstincta, 48 ochreata, 48 prolifera, 49 Eleusine, 37 indica, 37 Eleuthera Bark, 223 Elentheranthera ruderalis, 449 Elfvingia tomata, 640 Elliptic Leptolejeunea, 514 Elm Family, 103 Elodeaceae, 8 Emilia, 457 Purple, 457 sonchifolia, 457 Encoeliaceae, 590 Encoelium clatJiratum, 590 sinuosum, 590 Encyclia, 90 acicularis, 92 Bahama, 91 bahamensis, 91 diuma, 92 fucata, 01 Inagua, 02 inaguensis, 92 Narrow-leaved, 93 plicata, 92 Plicate, 92 rufa, 91 Rufous. 91 SVmall-flowered, 91 Tampa. 91 tampensis, 91 Endocarpon, 531 hepaticum, 531 Moulin sit, 531 pallidulum. 531 rufescens, 531 Wifmtii,545 Endoderma, 598 viride. 598 Enterogra-pha qiiassiaecola, 537 Enteromorpha, 598 flexuosa, 598 Hopkirkii, 598 plumosa. 598 poli/clados. 508 salina polvclados, 598 Entire-leaved Ceratole- .iennen. 513 En to find in. 508 riridis. 508 Bntodox Family. 494 Entodoxtaceae, 494 Entophysalis, 619 granulosa, 619 violacea, 619 violacea, 620 Entopyla australis, 630 Epicion hahamense, 342 Epicladium, 93 Boothianum, 93 Epidendrum aciculare, 92 altissimum, 92 hahamense, 91 Boothianum, 93 cochleatum, 93 diurnum, 92 erytlironioides, 93 fucatuiii , 01 gracile, 92 minutum, 89 noctiirnum, 90 odoratissimum, 91 Ottonis,94 papilionaceum, 93 phoeniccutn. 02 plicatum, 02 primulinum, 91 rigidum. 89 rufum, 91 tampensk, 91 virens, 92 Episperma, 582 Epithemia, 629 gibberula, 631 Musculus, 629 Eragrostis, 40 amabilis. 41 bahamensis, 41 ciliaris, 41 Elliottii, 40 gigantea, 41 macropoda, 40 major, 41 minor, 41 pectinacea, 40 plumosa, 41 prolifera, 41 tephrosanthos, 40 Erechtites, 458 hieracifolia, 458 Erigeron, 442 canadensis, 443 linifolius, 443 pusillus. 443 quercifolium, 442 tenuis, 442 Erinus proeumhens, 390 Eriodendron anfractuosum, 274 Erithalis, 415 fruticosa, 415. 416 fruticosa, 537 odorifera, 415. 416 rotundata, 416 Ernodea, 420 angusta, 420 Cokeri. 420 Coker's, 420 Common, 420 littoralis. 420 Millspaughii, 421 Mlllsp^augh'si, 421 Nashii, 421 Nash's. 421 Taylori, 421 Taylors. 421 ErytJirina corallodendron, 196 INDEX. Eruthrina — Pisci/juia, 18G Villi tin a. lOG ^■^>l/t}i)0(l(s, ,S7 Erythrotrichia, 553 carnea, 553 Cera micol a, 553 Erytiiroxylaceae, 198 ■Erythroxylon, 198 offine, 199 areola turn, 19S Bahama, 199 ^fcvipcs, 198 confusum, 199 obovatum, 198, 199 Ovate-leavod, 199 ' I'eticulatuni, 199 i-otimflifolium, 198 Kounfl-leaved. 198 spincsccns, 198 suave, 198 Eschenbachia, -143 l.vrata, 444 ■Eucheuma, 5G1 isiforme, 561 Eugenia, 303 Eugenia, 541 androsiana, 304 axillaris, 303 "^']^l'''^ ^icrocarpa, ^ahamensis,30Q buxifolia, 303 confiisa, 304 confusa, 537 fiHformis, 304 foetida rJiombea, 304 fracjrans, 306 lateriffora, 304 Iwustrina, 305 'oiujipes, 306 fnonticola, 303 palleiifi, 307 Psciidopsidiuin, 304 punctata, 3(i6 I'liombea, 304 imiflora, 304 ^nmrlobesia, 587 Euodia Gibba, 629 Euosmolejeunea, 511 clausa, 512 <"losed. 512 duriuscula. 510 Harsh, 512 'Threefold. 512 fi'ifarin, 51 o Eupatorium, 437" (Jflcraiifolfum, 438 onhnnions-c, 43s ^npillif„iinni. 4;^7 coni/zoiihft, 43s corymbnsurn, 439 focniciilacciim 437 ' havanenso, 43s I t'litrf/rifoJiinn, 43.S ! leptoph.vHum.'4;;7 Jiioa.vanuni. 439 odoratum. 43,S repatuhnn. 439 ■'^ranclnifi, 439 villostim. 4n,s Euphorbia, 234 untiquorutn, 235 Euphorbia tuticulata. 239 Jialhisii, L'39 tiertiiitma, 241 lil'xlfjcttii, i.»4(, liracci, 'SA[) braaUiniHiH 240 lirittnnii L'4' buxifnlia', L'37 ca^s)ithni(lrR, 235 cai/rusis, 239* ~ ffcxuoNa, 239 Oraminifniia, 236 fn/ninonota, 234 ^fi rail rn sift', 'j:u', I" trn,i)/i„iia 03^ '"■'Vf/. 24] f'.'/prricifolin 240 lac'tea. 234 lerhcnidca, 238 linearis, 239 f'KiruIata, 241 nutans, 240 P^fiolaris, 236 Piiulifrra', 241 Prostrata. 241 punier a, 234 serpens, 241 iiffn/nialoiilrs '^33 I f>'ie?iotonni, ^>:'r~' ' j^^^^'^-f'!'i>nilata,'JU> i'APiionniArEVK '^17 f^upofjothm, 577 I^upofjonium ri„i,1„hnn V Sf/uarrns-inn. 57(; ' ^fi'irhorltidos 571 Eustachys, 3(; _ P<'tra('a. 36 Eustoma, 331 f^xaltatnm. 331 Euterpe olvrarra (11 linifrra, 61 E^IM.XG-PlUMKOSEFAMn.V Evolvulus, 345 alsinoides. 347 arhuscula. 34(5 Bahama. 34(1 hahamoiisis. 340 Bracoi. 340 n race's. ;!47 niickweed. 347 fflaber. 347 Hnlfolins. 347 Moiicyworf. 34,S fnucnmatus, .';47 Narrov\-Ieavod 347 nummuIariiiM .^47 R*"ric,>ns. 34 7 ' RJlky. 347 Smooth. 34 7 sqiiaTjioHus. 340 /=:jr(/rrf/rm cjUnnluiusa '>3'^ i^'if/rai i, 232 " " ~ i:.ri-o,,;iria ciilxnia '"M liirida, 'Jl'.-J Exogonlum. .'!.",! nilorodnctvliirii 35^ mirrndartulum intrnri fnUinn,:\5\ Exostema. 409 Exothea, 254 i <;:') Ej-othra. 524 ofilomji folia, 254 Pnnlculaia. 254 I'aiiaceab, 17(1 I i'ayaru, 2»M) ( /'«ia. 2'»7 _ I'ttrota, 206 *^agopyrum. 1 1 5 , '^""/"l/Mf/l, 115 ; FalkanbergU, 577 IIIJl«'bran.lli. 577 false U„xw,>,mJ. 249 Mallow, 267, 268 ^lt>n<'ywort.*lS5 l'nvolu.salutaou« 040 tcnulH. G4o ' feather bcil, 326 I-'ennei. 314 I'Vm. |{imlnnflve. 4<51 Onrherl. 4^1 glandulosuni. 232 Ground Thorry. .3S1. 3S2 (iroundsol-bush, 444, 445 Guaiacum, 2oi omclnnle. 202 sanctum. 202 Guana-berry, 205 Guava. 307 I (iuepinin pahuicepii. 037 Spalhularln. 637 GuetUrda. 412 vahiptrntn. 413 (hnmflora, 415 ••lli|*t|.a. 4)4 InaKUi'iiHiH, 413 KruKll. 413 NuMhIi, 413 Boabrn. 412 njircioHU, 4 12 Taylorl. 413 Culana riuui. 221 Ouilandlna, 171 Honduc. 172 h„ndur,U,i. 172 rrlKta. 172 major, 172 Morintja, 151 ovnllfolln, 172 Guln«»a b.-a)inum KarbuUi. 4s4 Tortilla. 4S5 Gymnothamnlon, 5»no bipiiinatum, 5.so ••it'gans. 5SO G y mnoth a m n i m in , 5S 1 Gynaudropais inntaphylla. 149 (lyroslgma r»>ctum. 631 GurostaihiiH /»< rui tana. So Gyroatomum. 54:i s.-ypliullf.Tum.543 Gyroweisi*. 4>4 Itarl.ula. 4S4 lUack fruil.Ml. 4S4 Haematomma. 54<'> puiilcruiu. 546 Haematozylum, 171 cMtiipiTlilanum. 171 Il.ilr Ilk.' Brvuni. 41»«> ilairv I'.-pprrwort. 476 ilalb.Td f.-rn. 471 Ames". 472 Small. 472 Halimeda. 614 llalimtda. 56S. 573. 580. 614. 621 hnrirauliM. 610 dlHcoldoa. 015 fnvnl.>«a. 010 incroMgata. 010 678 INDEX. Halimeda — incrassata monilis. 616 lacrimosa, 616 Monile, 616 Opuntia, 615 Opuntia, 614 plutydiscu, 615 scabra, 615 simulans, 616 tridens, 616 tridens Monile, 616 Tuna, 615 Haliseris, 595 Just a, 595 Halodictyon, 577 mirabile, 577 Halodule, 6 Halodulc, 597 Wrightii, 6 Halophila, S Engelmanni, 9 Halopleg-ma, 580 Duperreyi, 580 Duperreyi spinulosa, 580 Haloeagidaceae, 310 Halydictyon, 577 Hamelia, 411 erecta, 412 patens, 412 Scarlet, 412 Hanowia, 577 Hapalopilus licnoides, 641 Haplocladium, 495 mierophvlLum. 495 Small-leaved, 495 Hard-bark, 253 Hardhead, 220 Hare's-ear, 148 Harrisia, 292 Brookii, 292 Harsh Euosmolejeunea, 512 Hat Palmetto, 60 Haulback. 162 Heather. 320 HecastophyUum Broicnei, 186 Hcdcra quinqiiefoJia, 261 Hedge-hyssop, 390 Hedicigia halsamifera, 212 Hedyotis amcricana, 409 rupestris, 409 Hedysarum canes cens, 184 Ecastaphyllum, 186 ha in (it II 11), 183 incaniim , 184 molle, 184 nummularifolium, 185 supinum, 184 tortuosnm, 184 Heleocharis hahamensis, 48, 49 Sintenisii, 49 HeUeothamnion, 572 Helicteres, 275 Is or a, 276 jamaicensis, 276 semitriloba. 275 spiralis. 276 Heliotrope!. Biishy, 363 Diffuse Low, 364 Eggers", 363 Inagua, 364 Indian. 362 Low Ashv. 364 Nash's. 364 Seaside, 363 Slender, 363 Heliotropium, 362 brevicaule, 364 curassavicum, 363 diffusum, 364 Eggersii, 363 gnaphalodes, 361 inaguense, 364 indicum, 362 inundatum, 363 microphyllum, 364 nanum, 364 Nashii, 364 parviflorum, 362 ternatum, 363 Helminthosporium Ravene- lii, 635 Helosciadium, 314 Ammi, 314 Hemianthus, 390 callitrichoides, 390 multiflorus, 390 Hemibasidiomycetes^ 636 Hemitrichia clavata, 645 Henna Plant, 299 Hepaticae, 500 Herb ]\lercury, 228 Hercules' Club, 207 Herpestis Monnieria, 389 Herpochaeta, 607 fastif/iata, 608 vcrticiUata, 608 Herposiphonia, 573 bipinnata, 574 Pecten-Veneris, 573 secunda, 574 tenella, 573 Heterosiphonia, 575 ^yurdemanni, 575 Wurdemanni, 576, 577 Heterothecium domingense, 542 Hibiscus, 272 Bahama 272 bahamensis, 272 cryptocarpas, 272 esculentus, 272 populneus, 273 spinifex, 270 tiliaceus, 273 Hippo, 341 Hippomane, 231 Mancinella, 231 Hog-bush, 409 Cabbage-palm, 61 Palmetto, 61 -weed, 130 Hold-back, 132 Holly, 245 Holly Family, 245 Holosteum cordatum, 137 Homalia. 497 Wrightii, 494 Honeysuckle, 404 Hook-lobed Leucolejeunea, 518 Hookeria radiculosa, 494 Hormothamnion, 624 enteromorphoides, 624 Horse-bean, 171, 191 -bush, 176, 363, 442 Horseflesh. 158 Horseradish-tree, 151 Horseradish-tree Family, 151 Horseweed, 443 Hura, 232 crepitans, 233 I Hurricane-grass, 51 Hutchinsia, 569 hreviarticulata, 570 dendritica, 575 ohscura, 574 opaca, 571 periclados, 572 secunda, 574 tenella, 573 Hydnaceae, 638 Hydrocharitacbae, 9 Hydrocharitales, 8 Hydroclathrus, 590 canccUatHS, 590 clathratus, 590 sinuosus. 590 Hydrococcus marinus, 620 Hydrocoleum, 623 HydrocoJeum, 623 cantharidosmum, 623 comoides. 623 glutinosum, 623 lyngbyaceum, 623 Hydrocotyle, 312 asiatica, 313 hirsuta, 312 pygmaea, 312 repanda, 313 spicat a, ^12 umhellata, 312, 313 verticillata, 312 Hydrocybe conica, 642 H ydroUthon improcerum, 587 Hydrofhyllaceai;. 356 Hyella, 620 caespitosa. 620 Hylocereus, 293 undatus, 293 Hymenocallis, 78 arenicola, 78 carihaea, 79 caymanensis. 79 crassifolia. 79 declinata, 78 declinata. 79 Hymenostomum, 484 Bahama. 485 flavescens, 485 Hyophila, 485 Hyophila, 485 Tortula. 485 Hypelate, 254 panicnlata. 254 trifoliata. 254 Hypericaceae. 280 Hypericales^ 279 Hyphomycetales, 635 Hypxaceae. 496 Hypnea, 563 musciformis, 563 miisciformis, 598 scruudiramea, 583 HypnophiKHS. 563 musciformis, 563 Hypnum admistum. 500 diminutivum, 498 micans, 497 microphyJlunh. 495 tiigrescens, 493 planum, 498 f^iplio, 496 rcf^icvlare. 497 Hypnum Family, 496 Hirpochnus rubrocinctus, 537 spongiosus. 638 Hypocrea sulphurea, 633 INDEX. 679 IlYrOCICEALKS^ G33 Hypoglossum, 5G4 LciD i( uriL, 564 tt'iuii folium, 564 Hypoxis, To juncea, 73 Hypoxylon annulatum, 034 Bomba, 634 fuscoijurpureum, 634 jecuiiuum, 634 Hyptis, 3TU pectinata, 380 Pectinate, 38U Pilose, 380 suaveolens, 380 Hysterium rufulum, 635 Ibidium, 85 lucayanum, 85 tortile, 85 Icacorea, 315 guadalupensis, 316 paniculata, 315 Ichthyomethia, 186 I'iscipula, 186 Ilex, 245 Cassine, 245 cuneata, 246 Krugiana, 246 Mucoucoua, 246 montuna, 246 repanda. 246 ILICACEAE, 245 Imperata, 12 brasiliensis, 12 IMPEKFECTI, 635 Indian Almond, 302 Indigofera, 180 Anil, 180 urgent ea, 180 suffruticosa, 180 Inflated Microlejeunea, 509 Inga hystrix, 156 Ink-berry, 383, 429 -bush, 327 Inodes Palmetto, 60 Inonotus corrosus, 641 fruticum, 641 porrectus, 641 Inula (iraminifolia, 440 lonaspis, 541 suaveolens. 541 tropica. 541 lonoxalis, 197 intermedia, 197 Ipomoea, 351 antillana, 354 arenaria, 351 Batatas, 354 Tiono-nox, 349 Carolina, 353 cathartica. 352 coceinea. 350 commutatd. 352 ci/mosn, 354 dissecta. 353 fastifiiatn. 354 ftracilis. 354 firandiflora . 350 hederacea. 351 hrptaphjflla, 353 jamaicensis. 352 Uttoralis. 352 nrirrodactyln. 351 Pes-caprae. 352 purptircn. 352 QuamocUt . 350 I saglttata. 353 I Ipomoea — siduefoliu, 354 sinuutu, 353 stulonifera. 352 tiliacea. 354 triloba. 353 tuba, 35t» vcrtieillatu, 348 villosa, 352 Iresine, 12.s Bahaiua. 129 Celosia, 128 celosiuideH, 128, 129 Coastal, 129 llavoscens, 128 iuaguensis, 129 keyi nsiH, 128 puniruhitu, 128, 129 IRIUACEAE. so litis I-'AMILV. 80 Ironwood. ;tii4. ."'.1 7 J I pi J' inaxiinuH, 639 IseJiaeinuni si cundatuin, 30 Island Bean, 195 Isnardia, 3U9 nutans, 309 repeus. 3i»9 Isocarpha, 449 angustatu, 450 oppositifolia, 450 Isopterygium, 496 Glossy, 497 micans, 497 Iva, 432 Beach, 432 Bushy. 433 cheiranthifolia, 433 imbricata, 432 Jacaranda, 398 hahainensis, 398 caroliniuna, 398 coerulea, 398 .Tack-switch. 263 .Jackmada, 438 Jacob's Ladder. 236 Jacquemontia, 348 Blue, 349 cayensis, 349 cuyensis, 631 Common. 348 Fleshy. 349 jama icensis. 348 inieranthu, 34.S pentantha. 349 reel in at a, 349 Small-Howe red. 348 verticillata. 34S (•io/«((»/.349 Jacquinia, 31 7 avmilhnis, 317 Berteril. 317 Uerterii n7».'««,317 keveusis. 31 7 kryensis, 525, 527, 538, 539 Jamaica Weed, 357 Jania, 5s9 Junta. 577. 578, 570, 581 ndhnercns. 589 caplllacoa. 5S0 cnht nsis. 580 nibons. 5S9 Jasminum. 327 Sambac. 327 Jatropha Currns, 225 gnsMiipifidin, 225 J/flM/;iof. 230 ItTUHnlem Parult-y, 110 ..] 7 .loilit . I J.x.r - 507 .Ir..i.A . .; Jutlllilf l;.-aU, 1G2 /uttijtrmaitnia auticulata. 517 rortUaUji, 515 el lip tint, 514 fliti a. 5us tn]uanuMa. 520 tiifariii, 512 xutilhfx arpu, SIR Jl MiKUMA.VNlA KaMILY, 50-1 .1 r N r .KUi! A N N I AlKAi: , 5< t4 .1 1 N ' .K It M A N N I A I.K.H, 504 Junub" Kirf, 26 Jnnii).T berrv. 288 Juniperus, 4(\2 aUHtniliM. 402 harhadt ntiit. 462 hi rinudiatm. 402 lucay.'ina, 4<»2 rirglniana, 462 Jussiaea, 3 lit iingutitifolia, 310 HiiHliy. 310 pnluMtris, 31(i sufTrutlcoga, 310 Justicla, 4* a UKMurgi ttM, 4i»4 cartlia>rin»'nNiH. 43 iiiaxiiu.'i. 2<»3 Kallymenia. 561 MmniinBhll. .561 ri tiift/tiniti, 561 Kasondi S^'iina, 166 Krugiodendron. 256 fiTfetmi. 256 KyUinija monucephala, 47 Lnce-plant. 106 i Lachnea cnlM-nsls. 635 Lactuca. 4"" I iir :;o Lndl.^ 9C ! Ljidv'-. - xs Laellopsis. '.':, d<>iuln;;«>n«Is. OR ! I.artin H u i.!..ni.i. 2S5 Lain H' .nrnfi*. 56 Laguni Y.: l l.avxuvi /.!.■. r. ir. I-AMIArKAK, 375 Lantana. .".'''"» i •'■ h ■ <". ( ■ I rf' I deiiuil;it.i. ."»7t Involucrntn. 370 inrnlucrata, 371. 632. 6.36 odorota, 370 ;7n ••70 TO 680 INDEX. Lantana — Ovate-leaved, 369 ovatifolia, 369 Lappago aliena, 14 Lasiacis, 25 divaricata, 25 Lasiocroton, 227 bahamensis, 227 macrophijllus, 227 micranthus, 227 Laternea triscapa, 644 _ Laugeria densitiora, 415 lucida, 414 Laueaceae, 143 Laurel-cherry. 153 Laurel Family, 143 Laurencia, 565 Laurencia, 574, 579 Baileyana, 567 cervicornis, 566 Chauvini 566 Corallopsis, 566 gemmlfera, 566 cjlomerata, 565 impJicata, 566 intricata, 566 mexicana, 566 microcladia, 565 mtdtiflora, 565 nana, 566 obtusa, 565 ohtiisa, 565, 566 ohtusa gelatinosa, 565 paniculata, 565 papulosa, 566 papulosa, 575 Poltei, 566 tuherctdosa; 566 Laurocerasus, 153 myrtifolla, 153 Laurus carolincnsis pubes- cens, 144 Cateshyana^ 143 coriacea, 143 Win feron a, 282 Lawsonia, 299 G7&a.299 inermis, 29^ Leaf-shedding Rectolejeu- nea, 510 Leafless Beaked-orchid, 86 Leather Fern, 465 Lehidihia coriaria, 174 Lecaxactidaceae, 541 Lecanactis, 541 dentlculata, 541 denticulata, 541 Lecanora, 545 odglutinata, 552 aurantiaca isidiosella, 550 badia, 545 ceratoniae, 539 chlaronclla, 546 chUiyoierodcs, 546 cinereocarnea, 546 florid on a, 550 pallescens, 546 pimicea, 546 subfusca, 546 sul>ft4sca cinereocarnea, 546 varia, 546 Lecaxoeaceae^ 545 Lecidea, 542 calcivora, 542 conspirans , 551 Lecidea — disciformis aeruginas- cens, 551 furfurosa, 542 immersa, 542 leucoblephara, 541 luteola endoleuca, 543 medialis, 543 parasema, 551 parmelioideSy 548 parvifolia, 546 pJiaeomela, 542 sanguinariella, 551 scyphulifera, 543 subdisciformiSj 551 vernalis, 542 Lecideaceae, 542 Lecideales, 539 Lehmann's Caudalejeunea, 516 Leiogramma virginea, 536 Leiphaimos, 332 parasitica, 332 Lejeunea, 508 Berteroana, 510 bullata, 509 clausa, 512 cubensis, 513 decidua, 511 duriuscula, 512 flava, 508 glaucescens, 508 Grayish, 508 Jooriana, 507 laetevirens, 509 Lehmanniana, 516 obtusangula, 512 pJii/llobola, 510 unciloba, 518 riridissima, 518 Yellow, 508 Lemna, 62 minor, 62 Lemnaceae, 62 LENTIBrLAEIACEAB)^ 393 Lentinus crinitus, 642 hirtus, 642 Icpideus, 643 strigellus, 642 strigosus, 643 velntinus, 643 Lentodium squamosum, 643 Lenzitcs applanata, 639 Leonotis, 377 nepetaefolia, 378 ncpetarfoUa, 636 Leonurus, 377 sibiricus, 377 Lepidium, 146 didymnm, 148 virginicum, 146 virginiciim, 631 Lepiota cretacea, 643 Lepraria Bassiae, 550 ^afo.. 543 Leptilon, 443 linifolium, 443 pusillum. 443 Leptochloa, 38 domingensis, 39 fascicularis, 39 Slender, 39 virgata, 38 rirgata gracilis^, 39 Virgate. 38 Leptocolea, 507 Jooriana, 507 Joor's, 507 Leptogium, 540 buUatum, 540 buUutum phyllocarpum, 540 chloromelum, 540 phyllocarpum 540 Leptole'jeunea, 514 Elliptic, 514 elliptica, 514 Leptotrema, 544 bahianum, 545 bisporum, 545 compunctum, 545 glaucescens, 545 monosporum, 544 simplex, 545 Wightii, 545 Leskea subpinnata, 499 LEiSkea Family, 495 Leskeaceae^ 495 Leucaena, 162 glauca, 162 Leucobryaceae^ 479 Leucobryum, 479 albidum, 479 glaucum albidum, 479 Leucodon Family^ 491 Leucodoxtaceae. 491 Leucodontopsis, 491 Florida. 492 floridana. 491 plicata. 491 Leucolejeunea, 518 Hook-lobed, 518 unciloba, 518 unclloba, 518 xanthocarpa, 518 Yellow-fruited, 519 Liagora, 554 Liagora, 556 annul ata, 555 cayohitesonica, 554 ceranoides, 555 Cheyneana, 554 corymbosa, 554 crassa, 554 decussata, 554 elongata, 554 farinosa, 554 farinosa, 554 farionicolor, 554 fragilis, 555 leprosa-, 555 lurida, 554 megagyna, 557 mucosa, 556 mucosa, 556, 557 opposita, 555 paniculata, 555 pedicellata. 556 pedicellata, 556, 557 Pilgeriana. 555 pinnata. 555 r pinnata. 556, 557 i'i^ ])ulverulenta, 555 rosacea, 555 rugosa, 555 tennis, 555 valida. 555 Libidibia coriaria, 174 Lice-root. 337 Lichen aurantiacus, 550 badius, 545 bullatiis, 540 chloromelos, 540 Cocoes, 552 complanatus , 549 compunctus , 545 INDEX. 681 Lichen — erijthrcUus, 5o0 fcrrujjiui us, 550 fimhriatus simplex j 547 flacciilus, 540 gonniatiis, 525 hypcnlliis, 532 i))iincrsus, 542 lachncus, 531 lepudiniis, 544 lutcus, 541 niyrescens, 540 obscurus, 552 pallesocns, 546 perlatus, 549 picttis, 551 raufjifcriHits, 547 rubis/ittusus, 547 rapes tris, 540 script us, 530 Stella I is, 553 subfuscus, 546 varius, 546 LiCHENES, 522 Licmophora, 627 dalmatica, 627 Lictoriu, 564 tuxifonnis, 564 Life-plant, 152 Lightwood, 227 Lignum Vitae, 202 LiLIACEAE., 68 LiLIALES, 68 Lily Family, 68 Lima Bean, 194 Limnanthemum, 332 nurcutn, 333 Limodorum, 95 (///Hw, 96 diurnuin, 92 lancculatum, 86 pur pure um. 96 Simpsoni, 95 tuberosum, 95 Limonium, 319 bahamense, 320 LiNACEAE, 199 Linaria vulgaris, 393 Linden Family, 261 Link-vine, 84 Linociera humeUoides, 328 Linum bahamense, 200 Curtissii, 200 Leicisii, 201 virginicum, 200 Lion's Ear, 378 Tail, 377 Lippia, 367 Bushy, 368 CM/tcscens^ 368 Creeping, 368 geminata, 368 geminata microphylla, 368 inaguensis, 371 Large Creeping, 369 Marsh, 368 nodiflora, 368 no(/i//oro. 369 reptans, 369 stoechadifolia,, 368 Lithophila, 127 Moss-like. 127 muscoides, 127 rouiifuhita, 128 Lithophyllum, 586 accrctuin, 585 44 Lithophyllum — acroprtuni, 5S5 caribaeum, 586 ChamucdoviH, 588 deci]n< HH curihueum, 5S(; munitum, 5S7 oncodcs pachydcrmum , 587 puchiidermum, 587 propintiuutii, 5S5 prototypum, 5.S6 prototiipuin, 5.S7 pustulalum, 586 Strirtutn, 5s6 strict u in iKinutn, 586 Lithothamnium, 584 acinulans, 584 5 rum luriilii 2<>5 polytrioha. 2'».'i puiiirifnUa. 205 HI tnna, 20fl MAMMtJMiA Family. 203 .MAi.ri<;MiAUa.'2iM coroinanili liiina, 267 MALVAI KAK, 2"'>.{ 682 INDEX. Malvales^ 261 Malvastrum, 266 americanum, 267 corcliorifolium, 267 coromandelianum, 267 Rugelii, 267 tricuspidatum, 267 Malvaviscus, 271 arhoreus Sagraeanus. 271 Cokeri, 271 Sagraeanus, 271 Sagra's, 271 Mammillaria, 294 nivosa, 295 Manatee-grass, 6 Maxatee-grass Family, 6 Manchioneel, 231 Mangifera, 244 indica, 245 Mango, 245 Mangrove, 308 Swamp Vine, 337 Mangrove Family, 308 Manihot, 230 Manihot, 230 Manilkara parvifolia. 324 Marasmius atropurpureus, 643 bahamensis, 643 bermudensis, 643 hemileucus, 643 tiididus, 644 ohliquus, 644 opacus. 643 ramealis, 643 Rotula. 643 setulosipes, 643 Vaillantii, 643 Marohantia, 503 chenopoda, 504 domingensis, 504 Santo Domingo, 504 Marchantia Family, 503 Marchantiaceae, 503 Marchantiales, 501 Margaritaria, 219 Baliama, 220 bahamensis, 220 Marigold. 451 Marilaunidium, 356 jamaicense, 357 Mariscus, 56 hrizaeus, 46 flliformis, 47 fuligineus, 46 jamaicensis. 56 Marlberry, 316 Marrithium viilgare. 380 Marsdenia fJorllninda, 344 Marsli Fern, 468 Fleabane, 446 Gentian, 331 Parsley, 314 Pennywort, 312 Pennvwort. Ovate- leaved. 313 Pink. 331. 332 Purslane, 309 Marsilea, 475 Nashii. 475 vestita. 476 Marsileaceae, 475 Martynia, 400 annua. 400 diandra, 400 Small-fruited, 400 Marttniaceae, 399 Mastic-bully, 321 Mastigocoleus, 625 testarum, 625 Mastigolejeunea, 516 auriculata, 517 Eared. 517 Mastogloia, 62'8 Mastogloia, 626 affinis, 630 affirmata, 630 amoena turgida, 630 angulata, 628 apiculata, 628 asperula, 628 bahamensis, 628 bahamensis^ 626 Unotata, 628 bisulcata, 630 bisulcata corsicana, 630 Citrus, 628 cocconeiformis, 628 Craveni, 630 cuspidata, 628 delicatula, 628 erythraea, 628 erythraea, 627 euxina, 630 lanceolata, 628 lemniscata, 628 lineata, 630 Macdonaldii, 630 minuta, 628 ovata, 630 Peragalli, 630 Pisiculus, 630 Rhombus, 630 rimosa, 628 rimosa, 627 rostellata, 630 Smithii, 628 splendida, 628 spiendida, 627 Matthiola scahra, 412 Maurandya, 388 antirrhinaeflora, 388 Mayepea, 327 bumelioides. 328 Maytenus, 246 Bahama, 247 Box-leaved, 247 buxifolia, 247 lucayana, 247 Meadow-beauty Family, 297 Mecardonia, 390 procumbens, 390 Meibomia, 183 mollis, 184 supina, 184 tortuosa, 184 Melampodium humile, 447 Melanotheca, 530 cruenta, 530 Melanthera, 449 brevifolia, 449 crenata^ 449 deltoidea, 449 hastata, 449 Hastate, 449 Melastoma Mcolor, 298 discolor, 298 Melasto:maceae, 297 Melia, 213 Azedarach, 213 sempervirens , 213 Meliaceae. 21 2 Melicocca, 253 bijuga, 253 Melicocca — pantculata, 254 Meliola ambigua, 632 longipoda, 632 simillima, 632 Melobesia, 587 Chamaedoris , 588 farinosa, 587 Lejolisiij 588 pustulata, 586 Melocactus communis, 294 Melochia, 277 crcnata, 277 nodiflora, 277 pyramidata, 277 tomentosa, 276 Meloseira arenaria, 629 sulcata. 629 Melosmon, 376 cubense. 376 Melothria, 425 guadalupensis, 426 pcrvaga^ 426 Menispermaceae, 142 Mentzelia, 290 Florida, 290 floridana. 290 Menyanthaceae, 332 Mercurialis, 227 annua. 228 Meristotheca, 561 Duchassaingii, 561 Mermaid-weed, 311 Mertensia. 563 Merulius Corium. 638 infundihuliformis, 642 8patJiularia,QS7 Mesogloia attenuata, 581 Zosterae, 591 Mesogloiaceae, 591 Mesosphaerum^ 379 Mesothamnion, 579 caribaeum, 579 Mesquite, 164 -grass, 37 Metastelma, 342 Metastelma, 636 Bahama, 342 bahamense, 342 hahamense. 342 barbatum, 343 hrachiistcphanum, 342 cnTjcnse, 342 Eggers. 343 Bggersii, 343 hamatum. 342 Inagua. 343 inaguense. 343 linearifolium, 343 Marsh, 344 Narrowed-leaved, 343 Northropiae. 342 Northrop's, 342 palustre. 343 pnlustrc. 636 ScMcchtcndnhlii, 342 Meteoriaceae. 493 METEORirM Family.^ 493 Metopium, 244 21 ct opium, 244 toxiferum, 244 Mexican Poppy. 145 Senna, 168 Mickle-berry, ]02 Microdictyon, 602 crassum. 602 Microlejeunea, 509 bullata, 509 INDEX. 683 Microlejeunea, iullnted, 509 laetevirens, r»(iO Yellowish-groen, 509 Micromeria, 3TU Brownci. 'MO Microphiale, r>4l hi tea, 541 Mirrosti/lis sjiicdta, 88 Microtlnniinium, 4!)8 Microthelia, r>'2(\ MicrotiK lid . r>L*7 quadrilofulata, 526 thrhna subtriscptata, 527 Mikania, 430 balatifolia, 4.^0 ori)tuccn.sis. 4;i!> scandens. 430 Milium coinprcsKum, 17 (li(litatu)n, K) ])(i)iiccum. 15 Milk-berrv. 823 -pea. 100 -vine. 344 Milkweed Family, 340 Milkwort Family, 214 Mimosa, IGl arbor CO, 1C2 Bahama. 102 hahamensis. 102 Farticsiatrn, 161 glauca, 162 julifiord, 164 Lcbhrrk. 157 Low, 103 pcrnambucona, 163 plena, 164 pudica, 161 Unguis-cafi, 155 virgata, 163 Virgate, 173 Mimosa Family, 154 MiMOSACEAE, 154 Mimusops, 324 Mimusops, 110 bahamrnsi!^, 324 ilissccta, 324 emarginata. 324 flbridana. 324 parvifolin, 324 Sirhcri. 324 ^riNT Family, 375 Mirabilis. 120 .Talapa. 120 Mistletoe, lOS-110 Mistletoe Family, 108 Mitrcola pctiolata, 329 Mitrewort. 320 Mittenothamnium, 408 dimimitivum. 408 Mitten's-moss, Diminutive, 408 Mnium hydromctricum, 480 Moluchia, 276 pvramidata. 277 Smooth. 277 toraentosa, 276 tomrvtnsd. 635 Velvety. 277 Momordica, 425 Half^nnnud, 42." C'hnrnntia. 425 Monkey-fiddle. 234 Monnirrd lirounri. 380 .1^onni(rfl.380 MOXncOTYLKDONES. 3 Montrvrrdid huxifolia, 247 Moon-vine, 340 I MOONSEKD KAMILV, 142 Coast. 350 I MnUACKAK. 104 ' Morinda. 41i» I lluycH-, 419 I Moringa', 151 j Miniiiga, 151 ' pti ryyuHprrnta, 151 MtJKIMiAt kak, 151 Morning kI'"")'. Arrow- leuved, 353 Beach, 353 Creeping, 353 Dark-eye-bush. 167 Moss. White, 470 M(jssES, 477 Mottled Spurge. 2.''.5 MuiKjiutia noiliftora, 277 Moujean Tea, 371 M uiDr cunccllatus, 645 Mucronate Macromitrlum, 4S.S Mucuna, iss pruriens, ISO pnirii nti, ISO »;■( ;(s-, 1 SO Muhlenbergia, .31 capillaris. ;r_' MuLHEKUY Family, 104 Murrayella, 572 periclados. 572 iluscadinia ilunsoiiidiia, 250 Musci, 477 Mlstam) Family, 145 Mygindd d(]uifulia, 248 ilirifoHa, 24S /(/fj7o/j«,240 inilkits. 24S JihdcoiiKi, 24S Mykosyrinx Cissi. 637 Myopokaceae, 4(i5 MYoi'oia-M Family, 4^ I iinddtiiw. 410 MYi:TArF_\E. 302 MVTtTAI.ES. 207 Mvrtleof-the-Rlver. 307 Myhtle Family. 3o2 ! .Ur/rfi/j»«J-///'/ri<«. .303 buTifoHd. 303 /•imrnfo. 30.-, fxnutdtd. 306 ' Zu:i/diutt>,W7 MYXOMTCrrBM. ft4S MYXOrilTCEAB.018 Ki.t Brnko. 4(W rush. Nil I7r. S(i»t.... ,..-. MR piiiuntrr br<\ipr», 148 Nnuo.rlu >»«•«> lorbUularlt, r.1.3 HavicuU, 62 s a|ipr<>xiin:ita. (1.31 ^'ua. 631 lrr<.r:it;i, *V.i\ Lvra (lilatatn, 628 ram ''IH Sc; 1 8uh 028 traii^i liKi. '••-« Z..st<-r.'U. 028 Nazia. ali<-iia. 14 Stvkira. 403 florUlona. 491 Neckkua Family. 492 Neckekaieak. 492 Nectandra, 143 coriucca. 143 snnguinra, 143 Nemalionateae. 554 Neobracea, 335 l>ahamonsl«. ?,?', Neomerls, t',n,% aniniiiita. <'.»i5 Cokeri, «'»o5 Cokrri, 60fl Krllrri. 6o5 mucosn. 6 »5 Neothymoptis, 455 Brltt'J.ii 455 thy.'i< 'd<»8. ■•.rtr, yrottia adnata, 84 tnrtiltH, S5 \cpcta Cat aria. 379 rocruh a. 379 pertinata. 3S0 Nephrolepit, 473 l.ls.Tnita. 474 .'xaltafM. 473 NVptunla. 10 J Neptunia. H'.:{ plcii.i. nil ymata, •112 Ncsca anniilata. 6o2 dum>tn*t\ (\)?. I'm I ■■ Nirrrir 1 Neurocarpun. :.''.. ,l,lii-dtuluM. 505 .Instil. 5!»5 \( uriKjrammr ralomrlanaa, 4«;'> Neurolaena. 457 lohntn. 457 N<»w Imm \Vi'o«l. 12*» Nlrkorn. 172 Nlcotlana. 3s7 Tah.Truni. 3R7 Nidema. 94 684 INDEX. Nidema — Ottonis, 94 Nididaria intermefUa, 645 NiDDLARIALES, 645 Night-blooming Cereus, 293 Nigredo proeminens, 636 :s^iteUa, 608 Nitzschla, 629 angularis, 631 apiculata, 629 compressa, 631 granulata, 631 Jelineckii, 631 panduriformis, 631 Sigmai, 629 valida, 629 vei-miculai-is, 631 Nodeweed, 452 Nostoc, 624 commune, 624 NOSTOCACEAE, 624 Noyau Vine, 353 Nummularia Bulliardii, 634 Nut-grass, 46 -rush, 57 Ntctagixaceae. 129 Nyctmithes Samhac, 327 Nymphaea ampla pulchella, 139 pit1chena.lS9 Ntmphaeaceae. 139 Nymphoides, 332 aureum, 333 Oak, 301 Obcordate Frullania, 520 Obeah-bush. 135 Obtusely angled Taxilejeu- nea. 513 Ocellularia, 544 alhifla, 544 micropora, 544 siibtilis. 544 Ochrolechia, 546 pallescens, 546 Ochtodes, 5S3 fiUformis, 583 s^ecundiramea, 583 Ocimum, 380 micranthum, 380 Ocotea, 143 Ocotea, 110 Cateshi/ana. 143 coriacea. 143 Octoblepharum, 480 albidum, 480 Oflontosoria clavata, 468 Okra. 272 OIvACACEAE. Ill Olax Family, 111 Old Maid, 336 Man Cactus. 292 Man's Beard, 43. 63 Oldenlandia, 408 callitrichioides, 408 Oleaceae, 32«: Olive. 103. 406 -wood. 250 Olia'e Family, 326 Olivia, 605 OmpJialaria nmhella, 540 OXAOKACEAE. 309 Oncidium, 97 bahamense. 97 hohnmr7}se. 98 Leiboldi, 98 lucayanum, 98 Oncidium — sphacelatum, 97 sylvestre, 98 variegattim_, 98 Oncobyrsa, 620 marina. 620 Opegrapha, 534 acicularis, 541 atra. 534 bahamensis, 535 hahamensis, 535 calcarea, 534 ChevaUieri, 534 ChevaUieri incarnata, 535 columbina. 535 crass a, 538 dendritica, 536 isabellina, 535 isahelHna, 535 litliyrga, 535 ophites. 535 saxicola, 534 varia. 534 vulgata, 534 zonata, 535 Operciilina dissecta, 353 Ophiodothis bahamensis, 633 Ophiorrhi-a Mitreola, 329 Oplismenus, 26 hirtellus. 27 sctariMs, 27 Opoponax. 161 Opuntia, 295 Opuntia, 614 bahamana, 296 Darrahiana. 297 Dillenii. 296 Dill en a. 632 lanceolata. 296 lucayana, 296 lucayana, 296 Millspaughii, 296 Nashii, 295 spinosissima, 295 triacaittha. 295 Tuna, 296. 297 Opuxtiales. 291 Orchid. Carter's, 83 Orchid Family, 81 Orchidaceae. 81 Oechidales, 81 Ornithopteris adiantifoUa, 475 cicutaria, 474 Wrif/htii, 474 Orontium aquaticum, 62 Orpixe Family, 152 Ortachne floridana, 31 Orthotrichaceae, 487 Orthotrich xim mucronifo- Hum, 488 Orthotrichum Family, 487 Oscillatoria, 620 Corallinae, 621 miniata. 620 sancta, 620 tenuis. 621 Oscillatoriaceae, 620 Osmvnda. 565 adianti folia, 475 Osmundea, 565 Otaheite Gooseberry, 219 Ovate-leaved Marsh Penny- wort, 313 Ovieda aculeata, 374 Ovieda — fragrans, 375 Oxalidaceae, 196 Oxalis corniciilata, 197 corniculata repens, 197 intermedia, 197 Oxvpetalum, 343 Oyster Plant. 68 Ozonium auricomum, 636 Padina, 595 Padina, 587 duhia, 595 Durvillaei. 595 pavonia, 595 Sanctae-Crucis, 595 variegata, 594, 595 Vickersiae, 595 PadineUa, 591 Pain-in-back, 104 Pale-green Funaria, 489 Palm Family, 58 Palmella rupestris, 620 Paltonium, 4G6 lanceolatum, 466 Pancratium declinatum, 78 Paxdaxales, 3 Panellus eugramraus. 644 Panic-grass. Bluish, 24 Brown, 22 Chapman's, 23 Dense. 23 Diffuse. 23 Hair-like, 24 Loose, 22 Narrow, 22 Nterved, 25 Red-top, 23 Shining. 25 Slender, 23 Panicum, 20 adspersum, 21 ar/rostidiforme, 23 amarulum, 24 barbinode, 22 hartoirense, 24 hrrrifolium, 24 capillarrum . 24 Chapmani, 22 coerulescens, 24 colonum. 26 condensum. 23 Crus-qalli, 26 Dactyl on. 34 dichotomiflorum, 24 dichotomum, 24 diffusum. 23 distantiflorum. 22 dirarjratum , 25 elrphantipes, 22. 24 exiguiflorum. 25 fasciculatum, 22 ■pliforme, 15 pmhriatum. 16 parescrns . 22 fuscum, 22 geminntum. 21 nrniriilatuni . 27 Ghiesbreghtii, 23 hirtflliim. 27 Jiirtirafiinum, 23 horizontal c, 16 imJ)erl)c, 27 insnlare. 16 laxum. 23 lenconhaeum^ 16 lAnManum, 16 INDI-:X. 685 Panicum — lucUluiii, IT* maximum, 22 inollc, 22 neuranthura, 24 nitidum. 25 punicuUitHin, 22 paractarnoidi s, 28 paspaloidcH, 21 proUfrniin , 24 sani/iiinalr, IG setosum, 28 tenenim, 23 tcnuiciilmum, 23 tiMclioides, 24 tricolor, 27* Pannaria, r.47 mohilnlca. 548 rubiffinosa. r»47 Paxnariack.\e, r>47 Papaveraceae. 145 Papa vE RALES, 145 Papaw. 200 Papaw FA^riLV, 280 Papillaria. 403 Blackish. 404 ni,2:rescens. 403 Para Grass. 22 Paradiso-trce. 211 Parati'ei.iaceae. 531 Parathelium, 531 dccumhcns. 532 Indutum, 531 microcarpum, 531 microcarpum. 532 Parirtaria microphrjlla, 106 Pariti, 272 tiliaeenm. 273 ParitiiDii tilidcriim, 273 Parkinsonia, 1 70 aruleata. 170 Parmelia, 548 aiha, 552 oris pa. 553 cristifero, 549 flava, 540 latissima. 540 latissima cristifera, 540 moliihclca, 548 pellito, 548 perlata, 540 repanda, 538 specioaa lifipolcuca, 552 sulpliurata. 549 urceolata, 548 vsneoidcs, 540 varla cincrcocarnea, 546 Parmeliaceae. 548 Parmentaria, 532 astroidea. 532 Parsley Anemia, 474 Parson'sia, 200 Parsonsia, 300 PurplP. 300 radicanfi, 300 Parthenium, 447 Hysterophorus, 448 Parthenocissus, 261 quiiuinefolia. 261 qtiitK/uc folia latifoUa, 261 Paspalum, 17 I{Iod(/ritii.^S caespitnsum. 18 carftpito'^inii, 1 8 conjugatum, 19 Paspalum — distlciium, 20 niiiliriMtniii. 10 Frin^.-d. 10 Klal.riiin. 10 Urdcillitniim, IS Jhll, ,i. 10 iDlllcKranM, 19 niniuin, 10 Poir.'tll, IS Pniret's. IS portorlcensp, IS t Pavonia, 27 linifolia. 456 Narrow -leaved, 456 punctata, 45t; Pedaliaceae. 300 PEnALifM Family. 300 Pcdict llaria pi titaphylla, 140 Pedilanthus. 233 hahamensis. 233 tithvinah.ldes. 233 Pelexia, S4 adnata. 84 Long-spurred, 85 Pelezia — h<-tr; - -• Sl> H4 fp> >4 Peltopbor^i... , ... itdnatuin, 175 Pencil M..\\.T. 183 PeniciUui, lirj FeniciUu>>. .'►«;s. .'.73. 022 attttuliituM, r.n'j capi* ■■'•-• dm. : Lamourouxll. U12 LamuurouxH uruvilU, r. 1 2 obfoN(/u«. 613 pyrlforml8. 613 Pennyrovai, 45tl Peperomla, lo] s|>atliulifolln. 101 Pepp«r bush. 224. 3h3 Pei'I'EU Family, loi PepiKTwort. Hnlry. 476 Nash's, 4 7". I'ern, 229 Pera, 229 bumollaiiCi:!. j^-.i burnt lia, folta. IJMJ I^uisi'ouiALEs, r.:{2 Perisporlum Wrlghtll, 632 I'ERoMJSi'oRALKK, 631 Persea, 144 l)Ubcsc«'ns, 144 Persicaria, 1 14 Uftise-llowtTed, 1 15 hydr<.pipfroichuufibuci, 5SU Pllmuaginackae, 310 Plumbago, 310 scandens, 310 Pi.UMHAGu Family, 310 Plumiera, 334 «//'(/. 334 I'.ahama, 334 baliainensis, 334 Hlunt-leaved, 334 V 1)1(1 ririnata, 334 Hairy, 335 Inagua, 334 inaf^ueiisis. 334 ol)tusa, 334 ohtusu, G35 Red. 335 rubra, 335 sericifolia, 335 Poa a)ti(il)ilis, 41 ciliaris, 41 domiiKjcnsis, 41 nitida, 40 plumosa, 41 proHfcra, 41 vU'iiuta, 42 Poaceae. 10 POALES, 10 Podocystis, 620 adriatica. 020 udviatica, 627 Pogonomyces hyduoides, 641 Poinciana, 174 coyiiiria, 174 pulchorriraa, 174 rc PhyllitidiH.AIl polypo<, 630 palustris, «;41 pinsitus, 630 8cricci)hirnittu8. 630 suriiunncnKin, 041 linntituH, 640 Trichi.loma, 641 Polypremum, 320 pr()(uiiil)ens, 320 Polysiphonia, 560 Polysii)ho)ii(i, 577, 587, 62' (idunca, 574 barbutuUi, 574 Bindcri, 572 Binneyi. 570 brcviarticulata, 570 exilis, 570 ferulacea, 570 fcrulaeca, 500 foeniculocca, 570 Gorgoniae, 570 hapalacantha, 570 hapalacaiitha. 554 havanonsis, 570 Juiraui nsis, 570 haruucnsis Binneyi, 570 Hillebrandii, 577 hirta, 570 lophoclodos, 571 opaca, 571 Pectcn-VcneriK, 573 pericla-dos, 572 pcrpusilla. 5r)4 pygninca, 574 ramentacea, 570 rcptabundd. 574 scrim (Id. 574 subtiiissima. 570 /rufZ/rt. 573 trirhorlddd, 571 Polystachya, S8 follosa. 89 Large. SO lutcnld. 89 minuta. 89 Small. 80 Polystictus cinnamomcua, 630 sani/uinrua, 641 Polythrix, 626 (•<)ryml)osn. 626 Pond -apple, 141 -thatch. 60 -top, CO I'ondweod. 5 303 I'ti.MiWttU F iMlLY. 4 Ponthleva, s' Urlttoii: ,. ^7 Mrs. llrm .Ii h. h I'(jpp«'rM, 3.M I'oirv Fa Mil A, Ho I'orla. 641 Porlna, riL'3 I'oi tna, 5:j1 ./^n. .;,m; ■J 4 523 .•J4 ' .' .-.24 ■1 524 -•4 Pork !.or. 160 l.ii.,!,. k;i;, 149 -fat Appl*-. 154 Porolithon, :,hl Uui rii< XI nii, 5^5 linpreded. 138 gagatosjMTma. 13H hdlimoidcH. 13> oh-racfa. l.'ls phai'osiM-rmiL, 13S piloHU, 138 PoRTrLACArEAB, 137 Potamogeton, 4 heterophyllus, 5 Potato Family, 381 Potmargin. 380 Prescottla, S6 oligantha. 86 Small, 87 I'rlckle-grasR, 14 Itlcklv-apple, 411 -tmr. 3S«; -bush. 4o3 Mvrtle. 374 -pJ'ar. 20.5-207 -treo. 301 Pride-of-ln«lla. 213 I'KiMKosE Family, 318 I'lilMlLAOEAE. 31 S I I'KIMri^VLES, 315 ' I'rincewood, 4oO Priva, 3r.«*> rrhiiidta. 367 lappnlM(^>a. 367 Frivt't Senna. 167 Proserpinaca. 31 o pal uHt rill. ^\\ platycarpa, 311 Prosopis. 164 Julltlora. 164 ProsiMKllum bahamenso, 636 I*U<>T«i«'ertero's. 510 Brittoniae. 510 Leaf-shedding, 510 Mrs. Britton's. 510 phyllobola, 510 Red Bav. 144 Cedar. 462 Clover. 180 Morning-glorv. 350 Periwinkle. 336 Sage-bush. 370 Stopper, 304 -top. 23 Reed-grass, 39^ Relhnnium hermvdense, 424 Renealmia usneoides , 63 Resupinatus subbarbatulus, 644 Reynosia, 255 Bahama, 256 Common, 256 latifolia, 256 Northropiana, 256 septentrionalis. 256 Rhabdadenia, 337 6i/7oro,. 337 paludosa. 337 Sagraei, 337 Rhabdonema adriaticum, 630 Rhahdonia Baileyi, 561 tenera, 561 Rhacoma, 247 aquifolia, 248 Bahama, 247 coriacea, 247 Crossopetalum, 248 Hollv-leaved, 248 ilicifolia, 248 paUens, 248 Spiny-leaved, 248 Rhamxaceae. 255 Rhamxales, 255 Rhamnidium ferreum, 256 revolutum, 256 Rhamnus cohihrinus, 258 CKhensis, 258 fcrreus, 256 Rhinotrichum Curtisii, 636 Rhipilia, 612 longicaulis. 611 RaH-soni,Q-l2 tomentosa. 612 Rhipocephalus, 613 RhipoeepJialus. 568 oblongus. 613 Phoenix, 613 Rhizoclonium. 599 crassipellitum robus- tum. 600 hieroglvphicum, 600 Hookeri. 600 riparium implexum, 600 Rhizophora, 308 Rhizophora. 559, 561, 564, 570. 572. 573, 574, 575, 576, 577, 582, 583, 594, 599. 600, 602, 606, 608, 610. 617 Mangle, 308 Rhizophoraceae, 308 Rhizophyllidaceae. 583 Rhodochorton Rothii. 560 spchincaruw-, 578' Rhodomela calami-strata, 572 RHODOilELACEAE, 565 Rhodonema, 575 elcgans, 576 Rhodophyceae, 553 Rhodophyllidaceae^ 561 Ehodoplcxia, 580 Rhodymexi^ceaEj 563 Rhoeo, 68 discolor. 68 Rhubarb, 419 Rhus Blodgettii. 244 Cominia. 253 Metopium . 244 rod i cans. 244 Toxicodendron. 244 Rhynchosia. 192 carihaca.. 193 Gundlachii, 193 INDEX. 689 Rhynchosia — minima, 10.3 reticulata, 103 Ribwort, 407 Riccia, 502 crystallina. 502 Crystalline, 503 vlolacoa, 503 Violet. 503 Ri re I A Family. 502 RiCCIACEAE, 502 h'iccirUa, 502 Kicliard's ralympores, 482 Ricinus, 23o conimuni.s. 230 Riffidoporus surinaniensjs, r.41 Rio .Janeiro Frullanla, 52* Rivina, 134 hurailis. 134 Incris, 134 ortandra. 134 Rivularia, 020 Riasolettiana, G26 nitida. 020 polyotis. 026 ZoHtevac, 501 RlVrLAIJIACEAE. 025 Rohinin (jrandiflora, 1S2 Rochefortia, 300 hahamensis. 360 Rock Balsam. 223 Trichostomum. 4S7 Ronff-hiish. 451 Roperia tessellata, 020 ROSALES. 151 Rosewood, 100 Rousselia, 107 liumllis. 107 hinpuJdcea. 107 Roving Sailor. 3SS Royal Ralm. 61 Poinciana. 175 Roiistonra rcqia. 61 Rubber-vine. 330, 340 RUBIACEAE, 407 Rt'bialbs, 407 Rudolph's Diplasioleieunea, 507 RiE Famiey^ 206 Ruellia, 401 tuherosa, 401 Tuberous, 401 Ruppia, 5 maritima. 5 Rush, Fiat-spiked, 52 -ffras.s, 32-34 White-headed, 53 Russellia, 3S,s equisetiforrais, 388 ;»»rf(/.3S8 RuTAcEAE. 206 Rynchospora, 53 Rynchospora, 637 bahamensis, 55 capitata, 54 cyperoides, 54 divergens. 55 juhata. 56 marisculus, 50 microcarpa. 55 perplexa. 55 tenuis. 55 Tracyi, 54 Sabal. 50 I'almetto, GO Sabal— J'atini tto bahaiiii umjt, ufiihraculifira.GO Sabbatia, 331 cainpanulata, 331 iiijiiiiiiil(ii(i, 332 (jraciliH, ;{31, 332 Hiniulata, 332 Snblcu, 158 Sachsia, 440 bahanieiiKls, 440 S.ifTron-tre<', 321 Sage, IMg. 370 Scarlet. 37!t Small White. .''.70 West Indi.-in, 378 I Wild, :{7(i Sage-bush, IJahama, 37u Inagua, 371 Red, 370 Sagittaria, 7 Lance-leaved, 8 Iancil(»lia. S Sagra's Lopholejeunea. 510 St. Andrews Cross, 280 St. John's-wokt Family, 280 St. TliomasRush, 341 Salicornia, 121 ambit/ua, 122 Bigelovii, 122 fnitirosa, 122 inutronata, 122 perennis, 122 Salmea, 452 Biishy, 453 petrobioides, 453 Salsola linearis J 121 Salt Grass, 34 -weed, 128 -wort. 133 Saltwokt Family, 133 Saltwater-bush, 409 Salve-bush, 383 Salvia, 378 coccinea. 370 micratitha, 37S occidentalis, 378 serotina, 378 tenella. 370 Salviniale.s, 475 Salz-bush. 270 SditKtdia ebraeteata, 318 Samolus, 318 ebracteatus. 318 floribundus, 318 Valerand'x amerieanus, 318 Sampire, 128 Samyda spinescena, 2SG Sandbox-tree, 233 Sandfly-bush. 409 Sunsevirra, (JO guitieensift. 09 Santa Maria, 448 Santai.ales, 107 Santo Domingo Mnrchantln. 504 Sai'indaceae. 250 Sai'im>ai.es. 242 Sapiiiin laurifhliiini . 242 SapodUla. 325 SAi'nim.i.A Family, 320 Sapota. 324 Achras, 324 .U/j ;•«;», 035. 636 Satotaceae, 320 Sarco^apha. 53s trl«-.,N:i. .-,;> Sarcomphalut, 257 ■IJi\l'>ri. l.'.-,7 TjiylnrH, 257 Hurrnnt, mmtt ttruirnii 344 Sargaiium, 50i; HuriiUHHum, 553, 574 57s 580. 5S7. 5sj» ' . hairifi rum, 55rj bahimn) , 5!M <-yiiii.KUfii, 593 Fllli..udul!i. .593 I'ililH iidulii Mutttaanti 593 ' tluitaiiK, 593 Nystrix. 504 Jlj/sfrix bttxifoIium.GQi IllixtrtJ- fluitiitiJi. 593 leiidigeruni. 503 h litorarpufii, .503 Montiiipiri. 593 nataiiH. 592 nntaiiH, .59.3 platycarpum. 593 polyccratlum. 593 ixilliphi/llum, 594 pteropleuron. 593 lit( viiintH, 594 nnnifnliiiin, 593 rii/idulum, 593 istrnojihi/Uum, 593 trarfufithi/llutn, 594 turbinattim, 591 vulgare. 593 Satin-wood. 207, 208 Satinleaf. 321 Sfituriia Itroirnei. 379 Satiiriinii orchiuidca, 86 Savia, 218 bahamensis. 218 rii/tliroxj/loidca, 218 Saw-brier, 71 -grass. 40. 50 Fiilmetto. 60 Scaevola. 428 Lobelia , 420 IMumlerli. 420 Scaly I'<.]v|» Spanish Bavonet, 72 Cedar, 100 Cordia. 358 Cork, 273 Guava, 411 Jasmine. 335 Moss, 03 Plum, 112 Stopper, 304 -top, 00 Spartina, 34 jinicca, 34 patens. 34 Spathelia, 208 Low. 208 vernicosa, 208 Spathiger, 80 rijridus. SO Spato(/lof!sutn gain cense, 507 raricfjatum, 594 595 Spermacoce. 423 /r/f ((.9.4 22 orhiioitlcs. 422 tenuior. 423 tetraquetra. 424 SPERMATOrilYTA. 2 Spermothamnion. r>78 gorgont'uni. .■'>78 gyninocarpum. 579 investiens, 578 irrcgulare, 570 macromeres. 578 rosrolion , 578 speluncarum. 578 HprJuncornm , 55.3 Sphacelaria. 500 trii)uloides. 500 Spiiacklakiaceae. 500 Sphacelotheca pamparum, 037 Sphaenosiphon prasinus, 020 Sphacralcca nhutiloidrs, 2G4 Sphaerella Rajaniae. 034 Sphfirrid (innuhitfi. 0.34 rourcntrira . 034 fuscopur])urr(i, 034 ffrcgaria. 533 pohjmorpha, 034 Sphaniu — Stigma, O.'M sulphiin u, 033 SniAKKlAl.E.S, 034 SplKn rucurpua ulobullfcrus, ♦ •,45 Sl'IlAKROCOCOACEAE, 502 Sphucrornrcua C'orallopais, 500 (hnniiKpimia. 502 flliformiM. 5.S3 i.iif(ir)uiH. 501 Iticiniiliituft, 502 pfdircllutua. 570 pnliKiirpus, 502 rigcnn, 5 Spleenwort. Toothed, 409 t^pondids lutca, 245 Sponf/in- irrmicularia, 004 Spoiigodiii))) , 010 S'lionid Liinidrckiana, 104 Sporobolus, .".2 Sijoroholus. 035 an (J list us. 33 argutus. 33 atrovirens. 33 hah a men a iff. 33 Berteroanus. 33 doniingensis, 33 indicus, 32 Jaaiucmnntii, 32 ienacifiximuK. 32 vlrginicus. 33 fiporolilhon, 584 Spreading Frullania. 520 Spurge. Bahama, 239 Bertero's. 242 BbKlgetfs. 241 Brace's. 23!» Brazilian. 240 Brit ton's. 242 Broad-leaved, 237 Bushv, 238 Cay Sal. 238 Coast. 237 ExuniJi. 230 Forking. 2.'i5 Hairy. 241 Hypericum -lea ve Stenorrhynchut. SO Innrpolntus. sG nrrhinidra. SO Stenostomum. 414 densiflornm. 41.% luciduin. 414 myrtlfollum, 415 Mvtle.415 Shining. 414 Viscid. 415 Stenotaphrum. ;'.<> aim riiiiii utit, .''.<» s«»rund:i(uin. 3u Strphannrnrlium, 04 .Sngrnennum. 2o4 Sagra's. 204 Stigmatidum rlegana, 538 Stlffonema. r.25 Sdgonrma. 025 .^TICoNKMATAi KAF. 025 StiUinoia tgtanduhiMa. 232 Stilnphorn riathrata, 590 Stinking Pen. 107 •pon. Root. 177 Stipa. 31 raidUaria, 32 Stomolsia. 395 cornutn. 39.'{ Stopper.Bahamn. 3on Long stalked. 3o0 Pale. 3i»0 Ue. n^i, Tl arntiro. 31 Striatella. 027 692 1 NDEX. Striatella — delicatula, 627 deUcatula,Q27 Strong-back. 359 Stropharia floccosa, 744 Strumpfia, 418 Strumpfia, 417 maritima, 418 Struvca,G02 anastomosans, 602 Stylosanthes, 183 hamata, 183 procumljens, 183 viscosa, 183 Stypopodium^ 594 Johatiim, 594 Suaeda intermedia, 121 Subpinnate Sematophyllum, 500 Sugar-apple, 141 Sullivanfs Schlotbeimla, 489 Sumac Family, 243 Suriana, 209 Suriana^ 543 maritima, 209 SURIAXACEAE^ 209 Surinam Cherry, 304 Surirella, 629 fastuosa. 629 fusiformis, 631 Incurvata. 631 manca, 631 mexicana, 631 recedens, 629 Swamp-bush. 271 Sicartzia muUijuga, 177 Sweet-bay. 432 Potato, 354 Torch. 143 William. 336 Sweetwood Bark, 223 Swietenia, 213 Mahagoni, 213 MalKKIonl, 109 Sword-bush. 220 -fern. 473 Symploca. 023 hvdnoides fruticulosa, ■ 623 Si/ncchoci/stis, 619 Synedra, 628 formosa, 630 fulgens. 630 Gaillonii minor, 628 superba, 630 superba minor, 628 undulata. 628 Sjmedrella, 452 nodiflora. 452 Synedrosphaenia baculi- formis. 630 Syntherisma, 15 digitata, 16 filiformis. 15 warf/innlum. 16 pdiiieeiim, 15 sanguinalis, 16 srtosa, 16 Syrrhopodon, 482 Gaudichaudii, 482 Gaudichaud's, 483 Tabebuia, 396 bahamensis. 396 haJiamensis. 636 lepidota, 396 Tahei'naemontana Echites , 336 Taenioma, 564 perpusillum, 564 Taenitis lanceolata, 466 Tallow Wood, 112 Tamala puhescens, 144 Tamaricaceae, 279 Tamarind. 165 Tamarindus, 165 indica, 165 Tamarisk, 279 Tamarisk Family, 279 Tamarix, 279 gallica, 279 Tamonea, 367 curassavica, 367 scatra, 367 Tape-grass. 8 Tape-grass Family, 8 Tassel Plant, 209 Taxilejeunea, 512 obtusangula, 512 Obtusely-angled, 513 Taxithelium, 498 Flat. 499 planum, 498 Tecoma, 397 hahamensis. 396 lepidota, 396 Leucoxylotij 396 stans, 397 Tectaria, 471 Amesiana, 472 heracleifolia, 471 minima, 472 trifoliata, 472 Tephrosia. 181 cathartica, 181 cinerea, 181 Teramnns tincinatus, 190 TercUnthvs, 211 inaouensis, 212 SimaruJm, 212 Terminalia, 301 Catappa. 302 spinosa, 301 Termixaliaceae, 300 Tetramicra, 94 P>ahama, 94 T'rbaniana. 94 Tetranthus, 446 Bahama, 447 bahamensis. 447 tJii/moides, 455 Tetrazygia, 298 Tetrazygia, 298 arKjnstiflora, 298 bicolor, 298 Teucrium, cuhense, 376 in ff a turn, 367 Thalassia, 9 Thala'Ssia. 563. 568. 570. 573, 581, 582, 586. 588, 590, 591, 597, 622 testudinum. 9 Thallophyta, 521 Thamnophora triangularis, 571 Thatch-palm, 59 Thelephora alhohadia, 638 Candida, 638 spiculosa, 638 spoyifjiosa. 638 Thelephoraceae:, 638 i Thelotrema, 544 I albidunij 544 Thelotrema — hicinctulum, 544 hisporum, 545 glaucescens, 545 lepadinum, 544 lepadinum baJiianum, 545 microporum, 544 inonosporum^ 544 paralbidum, 544 parulhidum, 544 Eaveiieliij 545 simplex^ 545 subtile, 544 ■velatum, 544 Thelotkemaceae^ 543 Theophrasta family, 316 Theophrastaceae, 316 Thespesia, 273 popuLnea, 273 Thevetia nereifolia, 338 The vet la, 338 Thistle Family, 433 Thorn-apple, 386 Thoroughwort, 438 Thouinia, 252 discolor, 252 Threefold Euosmolejeunea, 512 Thrinax, 58 argent ea, 59 bahamensis, 58 fioridana, 59 keyensis, 58 microcarpa, 58 parviflora, 59 parvifiora, 59 Thunbergia, 404 alata, 405 fragrans, 405 volubilis, 405 White, 405 Winged, 405 Thyana, 252 discolor, 252 Thymopsis 455 Brittonii, 455 thymoides, 455 Wrightii, 455 Thymus Broicnei, 379 Tick-trefoil, 184 Tie-tongue, 118 Tiliaceae, 261 Tillandsia, 64 aloifolia, 65 Balbisiana, 64 Berteroniana, 66 bulbosa, 65 canescens, 66 circinata, 65 fasciculata, 65 flexuosa, 65 lingulata, 66 polystachya, 64 recurvata, 64 usneoides, 63 utriculata, 65 Valenzuelana, 64 Tithymalus, 235 trichotomus, 235 Ti-Ti, 186 • Tobacco. 387 Tomasellia, 528 cubana, 528 cubana', 528 exumana, 528 leucostoma. 528 macrospora, 528 INDEX. 693 Tonka Bean, 438 Toothed Spleenwort. 400 Torch -wood.2(J9 Torrubia, i;n Rracei, 132 Cokeri, 131 longifolia, 132 ohtusata, 131 Tortula, 4S3 agraria. 484 Common, 484 DonnclHi, 485 rivitlif, 487 Tortula Family, 483 TORTULACEAK, 483 Touch-me-not. 205 Tournefortia, 301 (DUijihalodrs, 301 )n/»///?.s.303 poliochros, 302 Slender Green-leaved, 361 totnrtitnf^a. 302 volubilis. 301 7o/?//)i7/.s.032 White-loaved. 302 Toxicodendron. 243 Bhxlurttii, 244 radieans. 244 Trachyneis, 028 Antillanim, 031 aspera. 028 Debyi. 031 Trachysphenia, 027 australis. 027 Tradescantia discolor, OS rirolnica. 08 Tramrtcf) hi/dvoidcfi, 041 submnrina. 041 rcrsafilis, 040 Trema, 104 I.amarckiana, 104 Lima, 104 Tremrlhi A iiriculo, 037 Trentepohlia. 500 auroa. 500 rigidula, 500 torulosa, 500 Triaris microphi/IJn. 283 Trianospcrm um ruccmosum, 427 Triblidium rufulura, 635 Tribulus, 202 cistoides. 202 DKi.riinus, 20.3 /r/Tr.s/m cistoides, 202 Tricera, 243 Bahama, 243 baharaensis. 243 hnhamrnsis. 033 TrirJifirhnr i)isuhiris, 16 Trichia cinrrcti, H4o cUiratd , 045 Trichodesmium, 021 Thif'bautii. 021 Thi(},nuiU.C^'20 Trichoqloca, 55(> TrichoJartui Iciicophaca, 17 TrichosoTrn Avtillnrum, Cti\7 Trichostigma. 135 Trichostigma. 1 ,".4 oct.'indniin. 1 .".4 rii-iuoidrs, 134 Trichostomum, 487 Tiich OS t own w . 487 ill vol lit II m. 487 janKiicciisr, 487 rivale. 487 Trichostomum — Typh* - rivdlt, 4S7 dntiiiniitnuiM, 4 U.K-k. 4S7 lutif„l„i. 4 Trichutlnnunion , 57.5 TVI'MAi »;\i:. :'. TriiUidia, (»»i7 Tridax. 4 54 Tyroinyciii palmitrJ«. 041 |)ri)(Uinl>cnH, 451 fcarou noiliflorum, -152 Trifolium, 1 70 UdoUa. r.i.s 1 nil tense. IKO <<.nglnilnntn. 014 r.-p.-ns. IHO cyathlformlii, 014 Tri.)|)tfris, 2o4 flat,, 1 tat a. I'.M Triopteris. L'd.-j Flnb.-llum. 014 liiii tiiu iixiM, 24 WllHonl.OM 'I'riplo .iwiu'd Grass. 31 Ii.m.m»:.m:, 1«i;{ Tripsacum, 12 Ulv*. 50S (laclybildes, 12 di. 1 Ik iiiiopUroditum. 15 L.1 Triumfetta, 20;{ .»/. ' althnroidiH, 2(53 Mitiui.1,11, :,'.n> semitril(»l»a, 263 HtclUita. 002 Tropidoneis, 620 T'I,VA«K.\K. 50S lepidoptera, 020 rMf«»UN IM-VNT FaMII.T TRUMrET-CIlEKI'EU FAMILY. .'500 305 Unlola. 41 'l"i-um|)(M -flower, 307 panlculatn. 42 'I'KVI-KTIIKMACKAK, 528 ! rarrmiltorn , ^2 Trypethelium, 520 M/iicatn, 42 aent'um, 5*J0 virgat.M. 42 catervarium, 530 Urechites. 337 criicntatum, 530 Atulrcmii. 338 crucntum, 530 lutea. 33S eluteriae, 5:{o T'ltKI.INAl.KS. 6.30 eluteriae citrinvmi. 53o i'rcdo bidcntirola.CZQ eluteriae nigricans. 530 f'iJisi. 037 eluteriae sui)sulphu- Leotwtitli/t. 030 reum, 530 promt inrn*. 030 eluteriae truncatum, S:ip«)tao. 630 530 Wilson!. 030 ferrugineum. 520 T'romyces IMdontls. 030 hetcrochroum, 520 I'rtica arstuatiH. I'lO Kunzci. 520 ;n/;iii7tJ«. lo7 mastoideum, 520 hippulort-a. lo7 ochroleucum. 530 T'nricArEAK. I()sn. 354 inrnuta, .30.5 Turbinaria, 501 fMli.^sa. 304 Irinhitii. 501 foUona. 3!>4 tricost.Mta. .502 {jihha. 304 turbin:i1:i. 5!H pumJla. 304 tiirhiiiata . .502 suhuhitn. .304 riihiaris trialata. 501 Vachellla. lOu Turk's-cMn. 204 Fnniesl.'inn. 101 Turnera. 2S2 Vnplnata farln«»Ha. 644 dilTusii. 283 plumb*—. >\i4 Small-leaved. 283 Vftleriano'. " " ulniif(.li!i. 282 fnr (/i»ii7'>/iV/.03.'5 JHIl! '"• Ti'nM:uA<'KAK. 2S2 ffltiim ■ • > 1 • . <•..'* Turtle grass. Vnllosin. :\:vA -weed. 133 Valletla. 3::o Tiissilaoo alhicavs, 400 ,ii,h, ,!'■"■, 1 rr.:> dciitata. 400 vI.At' :;::■. Typha, 4 Valonia. <•.'••. iingustifoliM. 4 .\>i: " ■'. atujiistifolia dntnitiocn .1«.; » sis, 4 far,. 694 INDEX. Valonia — macrophysa, 603 macrophysa, 604 ocellata, 603 ocellata, 604 utricidaris Aegagropila, 603 utricularis Crustacea, 604 ventricosa, 603 ventricosa, 584 ValoniaceaEj 601 Valota, 16 insularis, 16 Valsa. 634 Vanilla, 83, 84, 438 Vanilla, 83 articulata, 84 claviciilata, 83 Bggersii), 83 phaeantha, 83 Varronia, 358 Bahama, 359 bahamensis, 358 Brittonii, 359 Britton's, 359 globosa, 358 Capitate, 358 lucayana, 359 Rough, 358 Vaucheria, 607 Vadcheriaceae, 617 Velvet-berry, 412 -seed, 412-414 Verhascum pulverentum, 393 Verbena curassavica, 367 jamaicensis, 366 lappulacea, 367 nodifiora, 368 prisinatica, 366 stoechadifoUa, 368 VerbeiNaceae, 364 Verbesina, 448 alba, 449 enceUoides, 452 nodifiora, 452 Vernonia, 435 arbuscula, 435 orctata, 435 Bahama, 436 bahamensis, 436 hahamensis, 435 cinerea, 436 Herbaceous, 436 Inagua, 435 insularis, 436 Long-leaved, 436 Low Bushy, 435 obcordata. 435 Verrucaria, 522 aenea, 529 atialepta americana, 528 hifonnis. 525 catcrvaria, 530 cerina, 526 Cinchonne, 525 coutcndens. 525 dirrmta. 526 epidfrwidis fallax, 525 fiisconihelJa, 543 KimthU,o2Q IcvcopJaca, 526 mamillana, 526 mamillaris, 522 mamillaris, 523 muralis, 523 Verrucaria — nigrescens, 523 ochraceo-flavenSj 527 ochraceo-flavuniy 527 ochroleuca, 530 pallidula, 531 planorMs, 525 punctella, 526 rupestris, 522 rupestris, 522 Santensis, 526 Tetracerae, 524 trachona, 542 tropica^ 529 Veerucariaceae, 522 Vertebrata, 569 Vesicularia, 497 Vesicularia, 497 vesicularis, 497 Vigna, 195 luteola, 195 repens, 195 Yellow, 195 Vilfa arguta, 33 atrovirens, 33 Berteroana, 33 domingensis, 33 Villamilla, 134 octandra, 134 Vinca lutea, 338 rosea, 336 Vincetoxicum palustre, 343 Virginia-Creeper, 261 Virgin's-bower, 140 Fjsc»m pnrpureum, 108 racemosum, 110 ruhrum, 110 trinervium, 110 VlTACEAE. 259 Fitea? ilicifolia, 374 Vitis, 259 caribaea, 259 Munsoniana, 259 rotundiiolia, 259 Vittaria, 466 lineata, 466 Volkameria, 374 aculeata, 374 Voyria mexicana, 332 Walking Wood-fern, 473 Walla-berry. 249 "Waltheria, 277 americana, 278 Bahama, 278 bahamensis. 278 Common, 278 Washerwoman, 127 Washerwoman's Bush, 386 Water-grass, 21 Water-leaf Family^ 357 Water-lily, 140 Water Lily Family, 139 -MiLLFOiL Family, 310 Water Pepper. 114 Pimpernel, 318 Water Plantain Family, 7 Water Smartweed, 115 Wattle, 303 Wax-berrv. 102 Wedelia, 450 Bahama, 451 bahamensis, 451 biiphthahnoideSj 451 carnosa, 451 Trailing, 451 trilobata. 451 West Indian Birch, 212 West Indian Germander, 376 Grass, 37 Sage, 378 Thyme, 379 What o'clock, 398 Whistling-bean, 157 White Beef wood. 111 Beggar-ticks, 454 Cedar, 396 Clover, 180 -headed Rush, 53 Ironwood, 255 Mangrove, 301 White Mangrove Family, 300 White Moss, 479 White Moss Family 479 White Pussley, 364 Stopper, 303, 308 Torch, 209 Whitewood. 112, 222 -bark, 282 Wild Apricot, 288 Balsam-apple, 425 Basil, 380 Bush-bean, 194 Cane, 25 Cassada, 322 Cherry, 205, 248 Cinnamon, 262 Coffee, 418, 419 Coral, 122 Cotton, 274, 341 Dillv, 324 Down, 341 Fig, 105, 292 Flax, 200 Grape, 259 Guava, 306 Indian, 90 Indigo, 180 Ipecac, 341 Jessamine, 375 Lettuce, 430 Lime, 207 Mulberry, 419 Mustard, 147 Oak, 227 Onion. 65 Pepper, 101 Peppergrass, 146 Pine. 64, 65 Potato, 336 Raisin, 166 Saffron. 323 Sage, 370 Salve, 276 Sisal, 77 Tamarind, 158 Tea, 102 Thyme. 363. 409 Tobacco, 383, 445 Tomato. 134 Torch, 209 ruction, 338 Watermelon, 289 Yam. 80 WilloiiQlibya scandens, 439 WiUugbaeya heterophylla, 439 Wintcrana Canella, 282 Wire-grass, 37 -weed, 268 ; Witch-grass, 24 I Woe-vine, 144 I Woman's-tongue Tree. 157 Wood-fern, Walking, 473 I -grass, 27 INDEX. 695 Wood — Sorrel, 197 WooD-souREL Family, lOG Worm-vine, S4 Wormsccd. 110 Wrangelia, .')r»f> Ai-K'us, "..''►0 Argu8, 5G0 bicusi)l(lat!i, .">.")!> penicillata. nno l>U'hi'i(i, .'..'0 ! Wrightiella, .".71 Blodfrcttii. r.71 "J^iniandwifzi. ."71 Wright's Anemia. 474 Wurdemannia, r>()2 setat't-a, 502 Xanthium, 431 cliinenso. 4.31 Jongirostrc, 431 strionariinn, 431 Xanthoxalis, 11>7 corniculata, 197 ('(irnicuhita. G33 Xanthoxijlon cribrosum, 207 Xenococcus, 620 Schousl)oei, G20 Ximenesia, 451 encelioides, 452 Ximenia, 112 american.a, 112 incrmis, 112 Xylaria Arbuscula, G34 Xjlnrln — arlstntn. G34 polynKirpha, G34 XYLOl'llAfJAtKAK. U3H j Xylophylla, 22o | Kpil.hvll.iuthus. 220 latifulin. 220 XyloMinu hurifiilium, 284 ilirifi,Hii.'2S-\ uitidum.2Hi I Xyridaucs, G3 Yam.. HO Wild, 80 Yam Family, 79 Yellow Cress. 148 Klder, :i97 -eye<> (■/." .< '/ Hi, 208 <•■■ -.7 <., ..mH CUtM-IlK*-. -"7 fmati/inatum, 207 FuKara. 2" MI Jlavuin. 2u7 f1^^.rn{ii>i 5 ' 4\ u"-";^ -^'-