LIBRARY OF IS85-I056 THE COMPLETE WRITINGS THOMAS SAT tn of Noilli EDITED BY JOHN L. LE CONTE, M. D. WITH A MEMOIR OF THE AUTHOR, BY GEORGE ORD. WITH 54 PLATES. Vol. I. PHILADELPHIA : j±. :e_ zfootze. 1891. CONTENTS OF VOL. I. Preface, v. Memoir of the Author, vii. Preface to American Entomology, xxiii. American Entomolgy, Vol. I. Philad., 1824, (pi. i.— xviii.) 1 Vol. II. Philad., 1825, (pi. xix.—xxxvi.) 35 Vol. III. Philad., 1828, (pi. xxxvii.— liv.) 81 Explanation of terms used in Entomology, 123 A description of some new species of Hymenopterous In- sects, (from the Western Quarterly Reporter,) Vol. 2, No. 1, 1823, pp. 71—82, 161 Description of Insects belonging to the order Neuroptera Linn. Latr. collected by the Expedition authorized by J. 0. Calhoun, Secretary of War, under the command of Major S. H. Long, (from the Western Quarterly Re- porter, Vol. 2, No. 2, 1823, pp. 160—165,) 170 Appendix to the Narrative of an Expedition to the source of St. Peter's River, &c, under the command of Ste- phen H. Long, U. S. T. E., Vol. 2, 1824 ; pp. 268—378, 176 Descriptions of North American Curculionides, and an ar- rangement of some of our known species, agreeably to the method of Schbnherr. New Harmony, Indiana, July, 1831, 259 New species of North American Insects, found by Joseph Barabino, chiefly in Louisiana. New Harmony, In- diana, January, 1832, 300 Descriptions of new species of Heteropterous Hemiptera of North America. New Harmony, Indiana, Decem- ber, 1831, 310 Correspondence relative to the Insect that destroys the Cotton Plant, 369 Note on Capt. Le Conte's paper on 'New Coleopterous In- sects of North America,' published in the first volumes of the Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, (from Contributions of the Maclurian Ly- IV. CONTENTS. ceum to the Arts and Sciences, Vol. 1, Philadelphia, 1827,) 372 A description of some new species of Hymenoptera of the United States, (from Contributions of the Maclurian Lyceum to the Arts and Sciences, Vol. 1, pp. 67 — 83. Philadelphia, 1828,) 373 Descriptions of new American species of the Genera Bu- prestis, Trachys and Elater, (from Annals of the Ly- ceum of Natural History of New York, Vol. 1, part 2, 1825, pp. 249— 268,) 3S6 Additions and corrections, 401 PEEFACE. The number of -works through which the descriptions of insects published by Say are scattered, has been a serious obstacle to the progress of Entomology in the United States. As the founder of that branch of science in this country, the basis of all knowledge of our species rests upon a correct determination of those known to him ; but the labor and expense of acquiring this information is so great, in conse- quence of the cost and number of the works to be consulted, that it is within the power of few to possess even a moder- ately complete series of his contributions. For the purpose of aiding the researches of the student of Entomology in this country, and for the securing of due credit to the labors of this great naturalist abroad, I have here brought together all the descriptions of insects publish- ed by him. By the introduction of the paging of the original publications [in brackets] into the body of the text, the labor of referring to a separate index for the place of publication is obviated, and the true reference can be readily made. With the view of increasing the usefulness of the work, notes have been added, in which the species, so far as pos- sible, are referred to genera adopted in the present condi- tion of science. And I must here express my earnest thanks to Baron B. von Osten Sacken, of the Bussian Legation, at Washington, for his kindness in furnishing me with his notes on the Diptera described by Say, and to Mr. Philip B. Uhler for similar notes upon Orthoptera, Neuroptera and Hemiptera. My own researches upon the Coleoptera of the United States have led me to follow very nearly in the path of Say, VI. PREFACE. over the regions adjacent to the Rocky mountains, while diligent collecting in other parts of the country has been attended with such success, that but few of the species known to him are wanting in my collection. The entire destruc- tion of his original specimens would be the subject of much greater regret, were it not for the fact that his descriptions are so clear as to leave scarcely a doubt regarding the object designated. I am thus enabled to assign to nearly all of his Coleoptera their proper place in the modern system. Such of the original plates illustrating the American En- tomology as remain, have been purchased for the present work : unfortunately plates 37 — 54 have been destroyed ; these have been re-engraved by Mr. John Gavit, of Albany, which will be a sufficient guarantee of their being exact copies. The plates of Coleoptera have been recolored from specimens, and will be found more correct than those in the original work. Typographical errors in the original memoirs have been corrected ; other errors have not been changed, or if noted, the corrections have been placed in brackets. To add interest to the work, Mr. Ord, late President of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, has kindly permitted me to use the heretofore unpublished memoir of Mr. Say, written by him, and read before the American Philosophical Society. The long and unbroken intimacy existing between these two men of science, renders this production of peculiar value, and leads us, by a know- ledge of the difficulties with which they contended, to esti- mate still more highly the labors of those who have in the early history of science in America prepared the way for students who now labor, not with more skill, but with greater facilities. John L. Le Conte. Philadelphia, May 1st, 1859 A MEMOIR OF THOMAS SAY FOREIGN MEMBER L. S. AND Z. S. LONDON. Real before the American Philosophical Society, on the 19th December, 1834. GEORGE ORD Thomas Say was born in Philadelphia, on the 27th of July, 1787. His father, Benjamin Say, a respectable physician and apothecary, was a son of the Thomas Say, of whom a marvellous account is extant, relating to a supposed trance, during a state of suspended animation. Dr. Say, belonging to the Society of Friends or Quakers, placed the subject of this notice in a school, under the patron- age of the sect ; and afterwards removed him to the Friends' Academy of Weston or West-town, situated in Pennsylvania, a few miles from Philadelphia. Of those who have had the misfortune to be placed at a country school, there are few, who, in after years, can re- view that period of their life with satisfaction. The grovel- ling amusements there indulged in, which are the natural consequence of a freedom from restraint, or from observa- tion ; the want of incentives to honourable emulation ; together with an unsettled mode of communicating elementary know- ledge ; occasion in the mind of the pupil a distaste for letters, which too often influences the remainder of his life. Vlll. MEMOIR OF THOMAS SAY. Of the name or character of the teachers, to whom the education of Thomas Say was confided, I have not been in- formed ; but there is reason to infer, from his deficiency in elementary learning, on his arriving at manhood, and his indifference to polite literature, that his teachers had been either grossly negligent or incompetent. The father of Mr. Say, aware of the importance of occu- pation, and not perceiving in his son an indication of a predilection for any of the learned professions, took him into his shop, the business of which was conducted for their mutual benefit. After being initiated into the mysteries of pharmacy, Mr. Say was established in the same useful call- ing, in conjunction with another person, whose supposed solidity of character, and business habits, it was presumed would ensure success. But the expectations of the parent were not to be realized. Thomas Say was not destined to be a man of business. The thrift of trade, and the art of buying and selling, were either disdained by him or neglected. He became imprudently responsible for the pecuniary engagements of others ; and being unable to withstand the reverses which ensued, he soon found himself involved in ruin. At what period of Mr. Say's life he became enamoured of the works of nature I cannot ascertain ; but I remember his having told me that even when a school-boy his greatest delight was in collecting butterflies and those Coleopterous insects, whose variegated or splendid colours seldom fail to arrest the attention of the most careless observer. A passion for collecting natural objects, if freely indulged, generally leads to a desire of becoming acquainted with their characters or properties. This desire once gratified, the student finds himself in possession of knowledge as delight- ful as it is varied and inexhaustible. But so fascinating is the study of natural history, so completely does it predomi- nate over other studies, that it seems by no means advisable to recommend it to the early attention of youth, even as a recreation, lest what was intended merely for pastime should MEMOIR OF THOMAS SAY. IX. become an occupation, interfering with the acquisition of that learning, which, in every situation of life, is deemed indispensable. That the subject of this notice early commenced the study of natural history, is well ascertained. Hence his indiffer- ence to business, which resulted in bankruptcy ; hence his neglect of literature, a neglect which he was fully sensible of, when, at a future period of his life, he undertook to com- municate to the public the result of his labours in some of the most abstruse and intricate branches of the animal kingdom. Not long after the establishment of the Academy of Natu- ral Sciences of Philadelphia, Mr. Say was prevailed with to become one of its members.* Of the origin of this highly respectable and useful institution, I shall at this time merely assert, that its founders had any thing in view but the ad- vancement of science. Strange as this may appear, it is nevertheless true, that the club of humourists, which subse- quently dignified the association under the imposing title of Academy, held its weekly meetings merely for the purpose of amusement ; and, consequently, confined itself to those objects which it was thought would be most conducive to that end. But, in process of time, when it was found that mere col- loquial recreation soon loses its charms, a higher object was suggested to the attention of the association, one which it was thought would tend to awaken public curiosity, and thereby procure an accession of members, and, consequently, an accession of means : this object was the collecting and preserving of natural curiosities. At the date of Mr. Say's joining the Society, this plan had been recently adopted ; but how great was his surprise, on being inducted into the temple of science, to find that the whole collection consisted of some half a dozen common insects, a few madrepores and * Tlie Academy was founded in January, 1812 ; and Mr. Say was elected a member in April, the same year. His name appears for the first time, among the members present, at the meeting of the 16th of April. It was subsequently determined, as a mark of respect, that "his name should be enrolled among those of the founders." X. MEMOIR OF THOMAS SAY. shells, a dried toad fish and a stuffed monkey : a display of objects of science calculated rather to excite merriment than to procure respect, but which, in the end, proved to be the nucleus of one of the most beautiful and valuable collections in the United States. In the year 1817, the Academy of Natural Sciences, hav- ing had the good fortune to associate to itself some gentle- men of acquirements and respectability, was induced, at the earnest solicitation of its President, William Maclure, Esq., to undertake the publication of a Journal, chiefly for the purpose of recording discoveries, remarkable facts, and ob- servations, in natural history. This Journal, which, at the date of this memoir*, has reached its thirteenth half volume, is a record of no ordinary value ; and we hazard nothing in pre- dicting that it is destined to a long life. In the Academy's Journal Mr. Say, I believe, first made his appearance as an author. He had, previously, read some papers to the Society, more with a view of adding interest to its meetings, than of giving publicity to his dis- coveries ; but now that an appropriate vehicle of publication was afforded him, he devoted himself with increased ardour to his pursuits, with what success those only who are con- versant in these matters can truly estimate. We have spoken of Mr. Say's first appearance in print. It seems necessary to state, that some years antecedently he issued proposals for a History of the Insects of the United States ; but so slender was the interest which works on natural history excited at that day, that the project was abandoned, although our zealous young naturalist had been stimulated to it by the encouraging encomiums, and the promise of assistance, of his friend, Alexander Wilson, whose Ornithology was then in the course of publication. In the commencement of the year 1818, Mr. Say, together with the President of the Academy of Natural Sciences, and two other members, visited the Sea Islands, and adjacent coast of Georgia, and penetrated into East * At the present time the publications of the Academy form 8 vols. 8vo and 3 vols. 4to of the Journal, and 10 vols, of Proceedings. — Lec. MEMOIR OF THOMAS SAY. XI. Florida, then under the dominion of Spain, for the purpose of studying the natural history of those interesting regions.* This journey, although productive of much valuable infor- mation, was shortened, in consequence of the hostilities which still existed between the people of the United States and the native tribes of Florida ; the Spanish Governor of which territory having kindly advised the exploring party to return, as it would not be in his power to afford them any assist- ance, in the event of an attack by the Indians. Of the two scientific expeditions fitted out by order of the government of the United States, and commanded by Major Long, the department of chief Zoologist was allotted to Mr. Say ; whose numerous discoveries have since been re- corded in works which need not be named here, as the stu- dents of natural history are familiar with them. We come now to the crisis of Mr. Say's life, the termina- tion of his labours in his native city. In the year 1825, he was induced to accompany Messieurs Maclure and Owen to their settlement in Indiana, where the sum of human happi- ness, it was believed, would be exalted ; and where science and letters, it was confidently afiirmed, would soon arise, like the orient sun, to enlighten our benighted western world. But had these zealots allowed themselves time to reflect upon the nature of man, before they commenced their plans of reform, they would have perceived that all schemes to coun- teract the order of society are as ineffective as attempts would be to subvert the order of nature. This truth soon became manifest, for in a few short months the confraternity of New Harmony disagreed, quarrelled, and separated. Even the founders of the Institution got into the labyrinth of the law, from which they were extricated by a compromise. One returned to his native country, to concoct new measures for the reformation of domestic policy ; and the other re- tired in disgust to the republic of Mexico, to brood over * The party consisted of Messrs. Maclure, Say, Titian R. Peale, and the writer of this memoir. Xil. MEMOIR OF THOMAS SAY. misfortunes, which he attributed rather to adverse events, than to a want of forecast in himself, or a defect in the fun- damental principles of the association. But Mr. Say had become involved for life. He had mar- ried ; he had accepted the agency of the property, the du- ties of which compelled him to a residence there ; he had no other means of support but what the bounty of his pa- tron, Mr. Maclure, afforded him ; he, therefore, sat himself down with his usual composure, to await the turn of events, appropriating all his moments of leisure to his favourite pur- suits ; and not allowing a thought of the future to disturb the equanimity of his mind. The health of Mr. Say, when he retired from Philadel- phia, was far from being good ; from causes which shall be hereafter stated, his stomach had lost its natural tone ; and he found that the climate of the Wabash was by no means adapted to restore vigour to a constitution which had been enfeebled by the repeated attacks of dysenteric affections. Had he been free to follow the advice of his medical friends, or to yield to the affectionate solicitations of his relations, he would have returned to the more genial climate of his native city ; where the salubrity of the air, the comforts of life, and the charms of society, would have doubtless contri- buted, in no small degree, if not to the entire renovation of health, at least to the prolonging of a life which had not yet passed its maturity. But a sense of duty predominating over the ties of kindred, and the claims of friendship, in- duced him to remain, where he became a sacrifice to a fever, which carried him off on the 10th of October, 1834, in the forty-seventh year of his age. It is not necessary that I should take up the time of the Society in a detail of Mr. Say's various writings ; I shall, therefore, confine myself to a few remarks upon the general character of them, in order that those of our members, who are not naturalists, may be enabled, to form some idea of their nature and importance. His principal work, entitled "American Entomology," is MEMOIR OF THOMAS SAY. Xlll. the most beautiful publication of the kind which has ever been issued from the American press. It is illustrated with well executed plates, coloured from nature ; which plates, in conjunction with the descriptions, leave nothing to be de- sired on the score of certainty as regards species. The publisher of this work, at whose request it was undertaken, Mr. Samuel Augustus Mitchell, was resolved that no exer- tion should be spared, on his part, to render the book as ac- ceptable to the lovers of the fine arts, as useful to the student of nature ; and that he fully succeeded will not admit of a doubt. The author, delighted that his labours should be presented to the public in so attractive a garb, felt himself stimulated to extraordinary exertions ; hence, the American Entomology may be considered as a fair specimen of Mr. Say's talents as a writer and as a naturalist. This work, published in Philadelphia, was advanced no farther than the second volume, at the time of the author's departure for Indiana. One more volume, three years afterwards, ap- peared, and the publication was stopped. Whether this termination arose from the difficulty of conferring with the author, in matters which required his presence and frequent communication, or from the want of the patronage of the public, I am unable to determine ; but I am induced to be- lieve that both these causes conspired to frustrate the com- pletion of a work, which may be advantageously compared with those of a similar nature which have been produced in other countries. His " American Conchology," only six numbers of which had been issued at the date of his death, was printed and published at New Harmony. From the knowledge and skill of Mr. Say's intelligent wife, in natural history draw- ing, he derived no small advantage, as all the illustrations were the product of her pencil; we, consequently, are in- debted to her taste for the only attraction which the work possesses — the plates ; for I am sorry to be compelled to add, that the paper and letter-press are a disgrace to the arts of our country. A book possessing such repulsive cha- XIV. MEMOIR OF THOMAS SAY. racters could hardly hope for general encouragement ; more especially as works merely conchological, that is, without a history and description of the singular animals which form and inhabit the shells, can have little claim to the favour of the public, except what is derived from their extrinsic quali- ties. Of our author's numerous Papers, which are recorded in the Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, the Trans- actions of the American Philosophical Society, and some scientific periodicals, a variety of opinions are entertained ; some persons maintaining that, as they are chiefly descriptive, more care ought to have been exercised in discriminating character ; especially as, from the want of plates, the insuf- ficiency of our author's technical phraseology may lead to confusion or doubt. That there is much uncertainty in some of his descriptions of Insects, I was well assured by one whose judgment in these matters was of no small weight ; — the late learned French Entomologist, M. Latreille, one of the professors of the Museum of the Garden of Plants, at Paris ; who, after expressing a high opinion of Mr. Say's acquirements, added, that it was to be regretted his Papers had not been illustrated with plates, as there was ambiguity in some of his descriptions, which figures might tend to solve.* The time which systematic descriptions of objects of natu- * I am indebted to Dr. John L. LeConte for the following note : — Erichson, the greatest master of the new school of Entomology, does not coincide with Latreille, in the opinion above expressed, regarding the clearness of Say's descriptions. In the Genera et Species Staphylinomm, preface, page vii., occurs the following remarkable encomium: "Ver- borum copiam descriptiones nequaquam distinctiores reddere, Linnsei, Fabriciique et Illigeri exemplo liquet, brevitate vero neminem pracellere video Sayum Americanum, qui descriptiones adeo edidit concisas, ut diagnoseos volumen vix superent, nihilominus adeo lucidas ut vix speciem quandam ab illo exhibitam unquam invenies dubiam. Sunt autem auctores quoque plurimi, simili describendi modo usi, illistamen viris ingenio impares, qui descriptionibus abbreviatis species nonnisi dubias et obscuras provulgant." Higher commendation could be given to none and by none. MEMOIR OF THOMAS SAY. XV. ral history require, is much greater than what is commonly imagined ; and the difficulty of accurately distinguishing specific characters is known only to those who are familiar with these matters. " Specific characters," says Wildenow, "to be perfect, must he common to no other of the genus." It hence follows, that the describer's knowledge must not only be positive but relative, as no one can define systemati- cally, without knowing what are the characteristics of other species of the same genus. This difficulty was probably the cause of the want of technical precision above referred to ; as from Mr. Say's anxiety to prepare some of his papers for the press, in order to secure the honour of discovery, he did not allow himself that time in their composition which, from their nature, they required. With respect to the literary part of Mr. Say's labours, it has been conjectured that posterity will not award him that praise to which his talents and zeal should seem to entitle him. No natural historian can reasonably expect durable celebrity, without having established his reputation upon the foundation of polite learning. The ponderous tomes of the elder naturalists of Europe, sought after, not for their intrinsic value, but for their rarity, lie neglected in some obscure nook of our libraries ; their erudite authors, dis- daining a sacrifice to the Muses, received no inspiration from the sacred mount, and they are fast passing into ob- livion. Whereas Buffon, whose acquirements in some branches of natural history were so very slender, that many writers refuse to admit his authority, has, nevertheless, erected a monument to the glory of the French language more durable than brass or marble. Where is the English student who has not refreshed his mind with the graphical descriptions, and the chaste language, of the "Animated Nature " of Goldsmith, although it is well known that this illustrious writer had little knowledge of natural history, except what was derived from books. Had our lamented friend not misemployed his youth, he XVI. MEMOIR OF THOMAS SAY. might have acquired a taste for classical literature, which would not only have tended to increase his influence in so- ciety, but which would have furnished him with the means of usefulness, proportioned to the extent and variety of his acquirements in natural knowledge. But he appeared not to have been fully sensible of his deficiency until it was too late to supply it. As it is the nature of a favourite occupa- tion, long continued, to absorb the attention, to the exclu- sion of other pursuits, so Mr. Say's passion for discoveries became so predominant, that any attempt to change his habits of thinking would have proved as vain as efforts to control the natural affections of his heart. There are two classes of readers to whom the major part of writers on zoology, of the present day, address themselves : the reader for pastime, and the scientific naturalist. Now that it is possible to conciliate the good opinion of both tnese classes, is proved by the success of some publications of re- cent date, in which strict attention has been paid to nomen- clature, arrangement and definition, and in which the habits of the animals have been detailed with all the fidelity of truth, and in all the charms of diction. That even in works on Entomology these two objects are not incompatible, the most indifferent observer of those insects, with which we are familiar, must be fully sensible of ; for who that takes the pains to note the industry and economy of the honey-bee, or the patience and skill of spiders, will hesitate to confess, that lessons of wisdom may be derived from objects which our self love would fain induce us to consider as too insignificant for our regard ! The reason of Mr. Say's having written so little of the habits and economy of the subjects of his papers, may be derived from the difficulty of expression, which all those ex- perience who are not familiar with the rules of language, and the practice of good writers. Many a valuable idea is suffered to lie dormant in the mind, for the want of a suita- ble vehicle to communicate it. And, it may be added, not- withstanding the sneers of our modern pseudo-philosophers, MEMOIR OF THOMAS SAY. xvii. who affect to consider the time spent in the acquisition of words as worse than useless, that precisely in proportion to the augmentation of our vocabulary, and our phraseology. do we enlarge our stores of ideas, and acquire a facility in communicating them. The aid which language affords, in the development of ideas, has not been sufficiently attended to by those writers who have made the operations of the human mind the sub- ject of their meditations. " Ilien ne marque mieux un esprit juste et droit," says Voltaire, "que de s'exprimer claire- ment. Les expressions ne sont confuses que quand les idee- le sont." The practice of this great writer will convince us, that he who has a store of language must be rich in ideas, and that that thought is seldom confused which can call to its aid a conformity of diction, or a facility of expression. There is an opinion prevalent among the gross of readers, that clearness of phraseology demands no extraordinary ef- fort of the intellect ; and that if writers would be satisfied with clothing their thoughts in simple language, the labours of authorship would be greatly diminished. It would be a difficult matter to convince such thinkers, that the easy, graceful diction, which appears to flow spontaneously from the mind, is, in effect, one of its hardest attainments ; it is the result of continued application, under the control of taste and judgment : it is one of the noblest triumphs of art. One would suppose that Addison wrote his Spectators currente calaniQ, and that the Ramblers of Johnson were the purchase of toil and research ; whereas the truth appears to be, that the former owe their perfection to the repeated labour of re- vision, and that the latter were the product of moments which neither admitted of reflection nor delay. These observations, apparently out of place, will not be thought irrelevant to our subject when we state that Mr. Say maintained the opinion above mentioned. That he was self-deceived, would be evident from a glance at his own writings ; for where he fancied his expression to be most clear, there frequently is the greatest obscurity ; and where Xviii. MEMOIR OF THOMAS SAY. he thought he was confining himself to a simple declaration of facts, the diction he employs is so turgid or pleonastic, that one would almost be tempted to believe he esteemed facts of less importance than the cadence of a period.* During the latter part of Mr. Say's residence in Phila- delphia, he had duties to perform besides those which ap- pertained to his own pursuits. Charles Lucien Bonaparte, Prince of Musignano, wishing to communicate to the public some observations on certain subjects of natural history, and critical remarks upon the Ornithology of Wilson, sought the assistance of Mr. Say, who cheerfully granted it ; hence all those papers to which the name of Charles Bonaparte is at- tached, in the Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, were corrected and arranged for publication by Mr. Say ; whose task was troublesome, inasmuch as it is less difficult to compose entirely from materials furnished by another, than to place into form the crude language of one but par- tially acquainted with the idiom of our tongue. Mr. Say, also, was employed by the Prince of Musignano to prepare for the press his first volume of " The Natural History of Birds inhabiting the United States," in continuation of Wilson's American Ornithology. This volume, subsequently, for reasons which need not be here stated, underwent the revision and correction of the late Dr. Godman. The readiness with which Mr. Say attended to the wants of others, his liberality in communicating his knowledge to those who sought it, together with his urbanity and cum panionable qualities, were the occasion of such repeated in- terruptions, that he felt constrained to appropriate those hours to his private studies, which ought to have been de- voted to rest ; hence to him the season of midnight was the hour of prime, it was the time of stillness and tranquility ; and so greatly did he enjoy these vigils, that he not unfre- quently prolonged them, even during the summer, until the approach of day. Of this injudicious application to study * See particularly American Entomology, Vol. I., article Blaps sutu- ralis, and Silliman's Journal of Science, Vol. I., article Herpelology. MEMOIR OF THOMAS SAT. XIX. he soon became sensible, by the derangement of his digestive organs, which resulted in dysenteric affections, that, prob- ably, were the remote cause of the illness which carried him to the grave. Another cause of indisposition, if not of disease, may have been those habits of rigid abstemiousness, to which Mr. Say addicted himself after his retirement to New Harmony. The maxim of Seneca, that " We have a sufficiency when we have what nature requires," how just soever in itself, may, nevertheless, lead to harm, if we fail to inquire what are the requisitions of nature, and if we neglect to supply them. That the abstinence of Mr. Say, and his prototype, Mr. Maclure, was carried to an injurious excess, we may safely infer from the fact, that the expenditure for the daily food of each, for a considerable time, amounted to no more than the sum of six cents.* Although on the score of Mr. Say's literary acquirements there may be a diversity of opinion, yet there can be but one sentiment with regard to his industry, his zeal, and the extent of his knowledge of natural history, particularly of that class of zoology to which he was most attached, En- tomology. His discoveries of new species of insects were, perhaps, greater than ever had been made by a single in- dividual, and it is to be regretted that many of them yet remain in his cabinet undescribed.f The natm-alists of Europe, fully sensible of his rare qualifications, were not * This singular fact I had from Mr. Maclure's own letters. The folly of some men, reputed philosophers, is sometimes very striking. Seneca maintained that a little bread and water was all that nature required ; as to clothes and lodging, says he, we may cover ourselves with the skins of beasts, and with a few oziers and a little clay we may defend ourselves against the vicissitudes of the weather. But did this illus- trious moralist exemplify his own precepts? Hear him : " if 1 do not live as 1 preach, take notice, that I do not speak of myself, but of vir- tue." Of what utility is theory without practice? On this head our New Harmony philosophers were more ((insistent than the preceptor of Nero, for they really enforced their own doctrines by their example. f This cabinet has been since entirely destroyed. XX. MEMOIR OF THOMAS SAY. backward in acknowledging his merits, for we find his name in the noble list of Foreign Members of the Linnean Society of London, and that of tbe Zoological Society of the same capital ; an enviable distinction, which our countryman must have justly valued, when he reflected that the former is re- stricted to the number of fifty, and the latter to five-and- twenty. We have merely noted, in a cursory way, Mr. Say's in- dustry and zeal ; details would be superfluous, as the variety and extent of his labours amply testify to these points. Of his moral character we are now to speak, but so many delightful recollections rush forward at once, that we hardly know which has the claim to precedence. Those who had the best opportunities of knowing him, his venerable mother,* and his affectionate sister, speak in such unqualified terms of his domestic virtues, that his value as a son and a brother must have been beyond all eulogy. His disposition was so truly amiable, his manners wei'e so bland and conciliating, that no one, after having once formed his acquaintance, could cease to esteem him. A remarkable feature in his character was his modesty, which, leading to habits of retirement, in some respects unfitted him for the intercourse of society, ex- cept that of his private friends, where, it may be said, he was truly at home, and where he was the idol of every heart. A diffidence of his own powers was a perpetual barrier to advancement in life, as it is known that he declined a pro- fessorship of natural history, offered him by the trustees of one of our learned institutions, on the score of his supposed inability to lecture in an acceptable manner. And on the death of Dr. Baldwin, the botanist and historian to Major Long's first expedition, Mr. Say refused the situation of Journalist, offered to him by the commander, alleging his want of qualification for that responsible employment. This distrust of his own acquirements led, in some instances, to * This respectable old lady, who died not long after the delivery of this discourse, was Mr. Say's step-mother. MEMOIR OF THOMAS SAY. XXI. beneficial results, as, being always open to conviction, he readily yielded to the advice of those of his friends in whose judgment, in literary matters, he placed reliance. Conscious of rectitude himself, ingenuous and sincere, whenever he fancied he perceived either artifice or dissimu- lation in any person, his aversion was prompt and decisive; and yet, in that useful talent which enables one readily to discriminate human character, that tact by which we can read the soufc as it were, in the countenance, he was so singularly deficient, that the most barefaced impostor, with a knowledge of the bias of his mind, would find no difficulty in securing his confidence. This imperfect sketch of our deceased member would be wanting in two essential particulars, were I to omit a dis- tinct enforcement of his integrity, and his love of veracity. These noble virtues, indispensable in every condition of hu- man life, especially to those who devote themselves to the study of nature, were so firmly established within his mind, so entirely did they control his actions, that, with all those who had the happiness of his acquaintance, the name of Thomas Say was synonymous with honour, and his word the expression of truth. PREFACE TO AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.* The author's design, in the present work, is to exemplify the genera and species of the insects of the United States. by means of colored engravings. He enters upon the task without any expectation of pecuniary remuneration, and fully aware of the many obstacles by which he must inevita- bly be opposed. The graphic execution of the work will exhibit the present state of the arts in this country, as applied to this particular department of natural science, as no attention will be want- ing, in this respect, to render the work worthy of the en- couragement of the few who have devoted a portion of their attention to animated nature. To such persons, as well as to those whose information is sufficiently comprehensive to enable them duly to appreciate the various departments of human knowledge, this book is more especially addressed ; and the author would happily profit by their friendly co-operation in the correction of any errors that may appear, in the enunciation of new facts in the manners and economy of insects, or in the addition of species and localities. It is not possible, in the present state of our collections, to publish all the species in regular systematic succession ; and the Entomologist will therefore observe, that although the specimens are somewhat indiscriminately described and * The dedication of this work is as follows : To William Maclure, President of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and of the American Geological Society, Member of the American Philosophical Society, &c. &c, distinguished as a successful cultivator, and munificent patron, of the Natural Sciences, this work is respectfully inscribed, by his much obliged and most obedient servant, The Author, XXIV. PREFACE TO AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. figured, yet care has been taken that species of different genera be not represented in the same plate. The pages are not numbered, and the enumeration of the plates, which is on the inferior margin of the impression, is referred to beneath the text. This arrangement will admit of the work being bound up. when completed, agreeably to systematic order in the succession of genera, without any apparent confusion of numerals. In order that the descriptions may be understood by those who are not conversant with the science, we subjoin an ex- planation of the technical terms used in Entomology, illus- trated by elementary plates. Six plates of the present volume, together with their ac- companying text, were printed off in the year 1817, but as they were never properly published, it has been thought advisable to include them in the present work. With these preliminary notices, the first volume of the American Entomology is submitted to the patrons of science ; and whatever may be its merits or its defects, we must ob- serve, that it is the first attempt of its kind in this country. It is an enterprise that may be compared to that of a pioneer or early settler in a strange land, whose office it is to be- come acquainted with the various productions exhibited to his view, in order to select such as may be beneficial, either as re- gards his physical gratification, or his moral improvement, and in order to counteract the effects of others that may have a tendency to limit his prosperity. From the novelty of the surrounding objects, or the imperfection of his im- plements, it is vain to suppose that his selection would be unerring, or his system of culture invariably judicious. But un abating industry and zeal remove obstacles that for ever bar the advance of indolence or timidity ; and if our utmost exertions can perform only a part of a projected task, they may, at the same time, claim the praise due to the adventurous pioneer, of removing the difficulties in favor of our successors. AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. PAPILIO. Plate I. Generic Character. Antennae terminating in a conic-ovate or elongate-ovate, somewhat arquated club ; palpi pressed closely to the front, hardly reaching the clypeus, the terminal joint obsolete or very minute ; feet all formed for walking, armed with simple claws at tip; superior wings somewhat falcate; inferior wings often tailed at tip, and on the inner margin excised or folded to admit of the free motion of the abdomen. Obs. The Caterpillars in this genus are destitute of a hairy or spiny armature ; but, when disturbed, they suddenly project from the anterior and superior part of the neck a soft bifid append- age, which diffuses a strong odor. This singular organ, although somewhat formidable in appearance, is yet perfectly harmless ; it may, however, serve the purpose of repelling the enemies of the larva, rather, perhaps, by the odor it emits, than by its me- nacing aspect. The pupae or chrysalids are, for the most part, of an angu- lated form, with two processes or lobes before ; they are secured in an upright position by a silken thread, which passes transversely around the body. The perfect insects are considered by many observers as the most beautiful part of the creation. Papilio Philenor Fabr. — Specific character. Wings tailed, green-black ; posterior pair green, polished, with seven fulvous subocellar spots beneath. Papilio Astinous Drury, vol. i. tab. 11, fig. 1, 4. Cramer, Ins. tab. 208, fig. A, B. P. Philenor Fabricius, and of Smith and Abbot's Insects of Georgia. Desc. Head black; eyes red-brown, posterior orbits yellow; 1 2 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. palpi yellowish before ; a white dot behind the base of each an- tenna ; neck with two dots before, and a band of four dots be- hind. Thorax black, immaculate; breast dotted with yellow; feet black, anterior trochanters with an obsolete yellow dot ; superior wings dark green, sometimes blackish, with whitish crenae ; four or five white spots on the margin, more conspicuous beneath, often obsolete above ; inferior wings highly polished, green ; six pearl-white spots before the margin ; crenae white ; beneath with a yellow spot at base, brownish, with a very broad polished green border, upon which are seven large fulvous spots, each surrounded by a black ring, and marked by a lateral white spot ; on the in- ner edge about six small white dots. Abdomen green, a little brassy above ; a lateral double row of whitish dots ; first segment with a single larger spot conspicuous above. Female larger, color of the wings brown, with cupreous re- flections. The PMlenor is one of the most beautiful of our butterflies, and is, at the same time, very common. The plate represents the male in two positions. STIZUS. Plate II. Generic character. Thorax with the first segment transverse linear ; feet short or moderately long ; labrum entirely exserted, short, semicircular: palpi filiform, maxillary ones longer, six- jointed; labial palpi four-jointed: ocelli very distinct : superior wings not folded longitudinally : radial cellule one, elongated ; 'cubital cellules three, the second narrowed before, and receiving the two recurrent nervures ; the third not attaining to the end of the wing. Obs. Latreille formed this genus for the reception of many species of the tribe Bembecides, distinguished by the above re- cited characters. These species had previously been placed in the genus Bembex by Fabricius and Olivier, in that of Crabro by Rossi and Fabricius, in Larra by Illiger and Fabricius, in Sphex by Villers, in Mellinus by Panzer, in Liris and Scolia by Fabri- cius, and by Latreille, in his earlier works, in Monedula. Of all the genera which form the order Hymenoptera, the pre- sent genus is the most closely allied to those of Monedula and AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 6 Bcmbex, in the general appearance of the insects of which it is composed, as well as in the distribution of the nervures of their wings. This affinity is so striking in many species of these groups, that it becomes necessary to inspect the form of the la- bruni, in order to decide upon their respective appropriate genus. A very remarkable difference is observable in this organ, which in those genera, is much elongated and triangular, but in Stizus, it is short and semiorbicular. Nearly all the species have three spines at the extremity of the abdomen, as in the genus Scolia, but they cannot be considered as Scolise, as their eyes are entire, and the form and number of the wing cellules are altogether dif- ferent. Stizus grandis. — Specific character. Segments of the ab- domen, each with a yellow band, and lateral blackish spot. Stizus grandis nobis, Western Quarterly Reporter, vol. ii. p. 77. Desc. Antennae black, the three basal joints rufous; front and labrum yellowish ; thorax with a yellowish spot on the anterior angle, and first segment margined with yellowish ; scutel ferrugi- nous ; wings ferruginous, dusky at tip ; feet ferruginous ; tergum ferruginous, each segment with a yellow band, and lateral, black- ish, oblique, sublinear spot; venter with an obsolete margin on the second segment, and obsolete lateral triangles on the remain- ing segments, yellowish. Male. Head, thorax, base of the three or four terminal, and of the abdominal segments, and beneath, black ; bands of the abdo- men uninterrupted ; lateral spot of the first band obsolete or wanting ; anal spines none. Length to the tip of the wings, one inch and a fifth. Female. Ferruginous ; basal band of the abdomen, and some- times the second and third bands, interrupted in the middle ; lateral spot of the first abdominal band very oblique. Length to the tip of the wings, one inch and three fifths. Obs. This remarkably fine and new species is very distinct from the speciosus of Drury, and is somewhat larger than that com- mon insect. When descending along the bank of the Arkansa river, with a detachment of Major Long's exploring party, I had frequent opportunities of observing this species. It generally occurred upon flowers, in company with many other interesting Hymcnopterous insects. It is highly probable, that, like the 4 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. spcciosus, the grandis nidificates in the earth, and feeds its larvae with the dead bodies of Cicadas,. The speciosus, grandis, and a few other large species, ought to constitute a distinct division in this genus, distinguished by the want of spines at the tail of the male. The upper figure represents the female, and the lower left figure the male, both of the natural size. Stizus unicinctus. — Specific character. Black, opaque ; ab- domen polished, with a rufous band above j wings dark violace- ous. Stizus unicinctus nobis, Western Quarterly Reporter, vol. i. p. 77. Obs. A broad, bright rufous band occupies the basal half of the second segment of the tergum. The wings are blackish-vio- laceous, and the anal spines are prominent. The length of the male is half an inch. This species occurred on the banks of the Arkansa river, in company with the preceding insect. The lower right figure magnified, and beneath is an outline showing the natural size. LYTTA. Plate III. Generic character. Tarsi entire ; nails bifid : head not pro- duced into a rostrum ; elytra flexible, covering the whole abdomen, linear, semicylindric ; wings perfect ; inaxillas with two membra- naceous lacinise, the external one acute within, subuncinate ; an- tennae longer than the head and thorax, rectilinear; first joint longest, the second transverse, very short : maxillary palpi larger at tip. • Obs. To this group of insects belongs the celebrated " Spanish fly," distinguished in the healing art for its vesicating virtue. The species were placed by Linne in his genus Meloe ; Geoffroy, Degeer, Olivier, Lamarck, Latreille, and Leach, distinguished them by the name of Cantharis ; and Fabricius, Marsham, and Dejean, apply the designation I have adopted. The larvae live in the earth, and the perfect insect is often gregarious, feeding on leaves. It is highly probable that all, or nearly all, of the North American species, are endowed with the same properties that have so long rendered the L. vesicatoria almost indispensable to AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 5 the practice of medicine ; and it is certain that a sufficient quan- tity may be collected in the United States to supply the demand of the shops, to the complete exclusion of the foreign insect. Lytta Nuttalli. — Specific character. Bright green, varied with golden ; elytra golden purple ; feet black, thighs blue, tro- chanters armed with a spine. L. Nuttalli nobis, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sciences, vol. iii. p. 300. Desc. Body glabrous : head deep greenish, varied with golden ; front punctured, subimpressed, and with a small rufous spot; antennae robust, surpassing the base of the thorax, black, opaque : joints turbinate, approaching to moniliform, the margin of the tip rounded ; second joint two-thirds the length of the third ; termi- nal joints largest near the middle, and rapidly attenuated to an acute tip : eyes oblong-oval, emarginate : palpi black : clypeus and labrum obscure : thorax golden-green, polished, with un- equal, minute, sparse punctures : a longitudinal, dorsal, impressed line, and a transverse basal one ; base bluish, anterior angles prominent : scutel blue, obtuse behind : elytra red, or golden- purple, somewhat rugose : two indistinct elevated lines on the disk, and a submarginal one : beneath green, polished : feet black ; thighs beneath blue or purplish ; trochanters armed with a conic spine near the inner base, obsolete or wanting in the female. Obs. This noble species, which in magnitude and splendor surpasses the far-famed vesicatoria, has, I understand, been labelled in a British cabinet with the name which I have here adopted, in honor of Mr. Thomas Nuttall, who discovered it. Although this insect certainly belongs to this genus, yet the proportional length, of the second and third joints of the antennae, is somewhat similar to that of the genus Zonitis, as defined by Latreille in the Regne Animal. In common with several other American species, the antennae increase a little in thickness to- wards the tip, but are much shorter than in Zonitis. These cha- racters, combined with the form of the terminal joint, seem to prove a close alliance with the genus Mylabris, but the antennae are not arquated at tip, and are of a more considerable length ; the habit also differs, the form of the body being more elongated. The species, then, possessing the form of antennas above noted, 6 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. seem to have the habit of Lytta, combined with a form of antennae allied to that of Mylabris. They cannot be referred to Zonitis, as the palpi are not filiform, and the habit does not agree. The Nuttallii seems to be limited to the western region. In company with Major Long, I observed it, for the first time, near the base of the Rocky Mountains. A very numerous flock had there taken possession of the few diminutive bushes that occurred within the space of a hundred yards, every spray of which was burdened with their numbers. After passing this limited dis- trict, not an individual was seen during the remainder of our journey. On the recent expedition of the same officer to the river St. Peter, I obtained but a single specimen, which was found one evening at an encampment in the North West Territory. The upper left figure, natural size. Lytta albida. — Specific character. Black, covered with dense whitish hair. L. albida nobis, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sciences, vol. iii. p. 305. Desc. Body black, entirely covered by, dense, short, prostrate greenish or yellowish-white hairs ; head with a longitudinal im- pressed line; antennae subglabrous; first and second joints rufous, the latter nearly equal in length to the third joint ; cly- peus, labrum, and palpi pale rufous ; tarsi black. Obs. Another remarkably fine species, which I discovered within about a hundred miles of the Bocky Mountains, during the progress of Major Long's expedition over that vast desert. It appeared to be feeding upon the scanty grass, in a situation from which the eye could not rest upon a tree, or even a humble shrub, throughout the entire range of its vision, to interrupt the uniformity of a far outspreading, gently undulated surface, that, like the ocean, presented an equal horizon in every direction. The upper right figure natural size. Lytta maculata. — Specific character. Black, covered with cinereous hair ; elytra spotted with black. L. maculata nobis, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sciences, vol. iii. p. 398. Desc. Body black, invested with cinereous, prostrate hairs; head with an impressed, longitudinal line; antennae, joints cylin- drical, and with the labrum and palpi glabrous : maxillary palpi much dilated at tip ; eyes elongated, retuse behind the antennae AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 7 and behind the insertion of the maxillae; thorax subquadrate, narrower than the head, a longitudinal impressed line, and a trans- verse basal one; elytra with numerous orbicular, black dots, irregularly placed, sometimes confluent, and are the effect of the absence in those parts of the cinereous hair; tarsi, tips of the tibia and thighs glabrous. Ohs. This insect is much smaller than the preceding ones, and the spots of the elytra distinguish it in a remarkable manner. Numerous specimens were brought by Mr. Nuttall from Mis- souri. The lower left figure; the line represents the natural length. Lytta sph^ericollis. — Specific character. Dark green, tinged with brassy ; thorax rounded, convex. L. splmricollis nobis, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. iii. p. 299. Desc. Body glabrous, blackish-green, slightly tinged with brassy ; head punctured ; antennae robust, black, hardly attain- ing the base of the thorax; joints short, conic, acute at the edge of the tip; second joint rufous, subglobular ; eyes oval, not elon- gated; labruni and palpi blackish; thorax subglobular, punc- tured, punctures sparse, not profound; elytra green, slightly tinged with olivaceous and brassy, somewhat rugose ; two, rarely three, obsolete longitudinal lines on the disk, and another near the external margin ; beneath blackish-green. Variety, a. Body green, destitute of the brassy tinge. Variety, h. Head and thorax black ; elytra bluish. Ohs. This species is less robust than the preceding, and may be readily distinguished from others by the rounded thorax and very short antennae, the remaining characters of which latter agree with those of the Nuttalli. Many specimens were brought from Missouri by Mr. Nuttall. In a future volume of this work, we propose to give some ac- count of the American species of this genus, as related to medi- cine. The lower right figure; the line shows the natural length. SCARAB^EUS. Plate IV. Generic character. Antennae ten-jointed, the club composed of oblong-oval lamellae, which have an almost common insertion ; body ovoid, convex ; mandibles with their external edge crenu- 9 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. lated ; maxillse corneous, dentated ; labruin entirely concealed ; palpi filiform. Obs. The genus possessed of the above characters, retains »the Linnaean name of Scarabseus in the system of Latreille, and corresponds with the genus Geotrupes of Fabricius ; whilst the genus Scarabseus of the latter author, is the same with Geotrupes of Latreille. Although, in the small portion of the present work, printed in the year 1817, I adopted the Fabrician desig- nation, yet, as Entomologists have generally chosen Latreille's nomenclature in this respect, I have thought it necessary to ac- quiesce in their decision. This genus comprehends some of the largest insects of the order Coleoptera, and, amongst others, the noble species known by the name of S. Hercules, of which the truly absurd story -has been related of its clasping a branch of a tree between the cor- neous projections of the head and thorax, and by flying around the limb thus included, finally succeeds in separating it from the tree ; and that the insect then becoming inebriated with the fluid that exudes from the wound, falls apparently lifeless to the ground. Scarab^us Tityus Linn. — Specific character. Thorax three-horned, the lateral ones short, subulate; middle one bearded with yellow hair beneath, projected forwards, and bifid at tip; horn of the head recurved, submarginate on the back near the tip. Scarab. Tityus Linn. Syst. Nat. Amoenit. Acad. vol. vi. p. 391.$ Jablonsky Coleopt. p. 257, pi. 4, fig. 2. Oliv. Ins. vol. i. p. 9, pi. 10, fig. 31, b. c. Palisot de Beauv. Ins. p. 137, pi. 1, c. fig. 4, 5. Le Scarabe Tityus Ency. Meth. Ins. pi. 137, fig. 7. % Geotrupes Tityus Fabr. Syst. Eleut. vol. i. p. 10. Scarab. Hercules minor Voet. Coleopt. p. 24, pi. 12, fig. 99. Scarab, marianus Linn. 9 Fabr. in his earlier works ; omitted in his Syst. Eleut. Obs. This insect is so extremely rare in Pennsylvania, that the late Rev. F. V. Melsheimer, the parent of Entomology in this country, and a very industrious collector, found but two in- dividuals in eighteen years. An instance has however occurred, AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. U ia which the appearance of a considerable number of them occa- sioned no little surprise in the neighborhood where they were discovered. A mile or two southward of Philadelphia, and near the river Delaware, an old cherry-tree was blown down by a violent current of wind, and my informant saw the remains of nu- merous individuals, in and about a cavity of the tree, laid open by the shock of its fall. That there might be no mistake as to the species, he exhibited the thorax of a male he had chosen from the mutilated fragments. I think it highly probable that the Tityus is more especially a native of the Southern States, as my friend, Mr. J. Gilliams, presented me with several specimens in high perfection, collected by himself in Maryland ; and from these, the drawings for the annexed plate were made. The length of the male, exclusive of the horns, is two inches, and the greatest breadth one inch. In color it resembles the S. Hercules, being glaucous with brown spots, or brown with glau- cous spots. These spots vary considerably in size, figure, posi- tion and number, being sometimes confluent, and exhibiting a clouded appearance. The elytra of one specimen in my collec- tion are entirely chestnut-brown, immaculate, and the larger thoracic horn frequently occurs simple or undivided at tip, as exhibited in the figures given by Jablousky and Olivier ; to the latter author we are indebted for a knowledge of the specific identity of the Tityus and martanus. The female is generally somewhat smaller than the male, and unarmed, except a small tubercle on the head. Tityus in the heathen mythology, was a gigantic son of Jupi- ter and Elara, whom Apollo killed for offering violence to his mother Latona. The upper figure of the plate represents the male, and the lower the female. [This species belongs to the genus Dynastes M'Leay. — Lec] ACRYDIUM. Plate V. Generic character. Thorax elongated behind, often longer than the abdomen ; elytra very small ; pectus with a cavity for the reception of the inferior part of the head; tarsi three-jointed, destitute of pulvilli ; antennae thirteen or fourteen jointed, not half the length of the body ; oviduct not exserted ; posterior feet formed for leaping. 10 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. Obs. This genus was established by Fabricius under the name which, with Thunberg, I have adopted. Linne included the species in his genus Gryttus. Lamarck distinguished them by the name of Acheta, and Latreille by that of Tetrix. The species are nearly all small, and several are common. They may be very readily distinguished from " grasshoppers " of other genera, by the remarkable elongation of the thorax, which is continued backward so as to cover the abdomen wholly or in great part. Acrydium ornatum. — Specific character. Whitish ; beneath fuscous ; thorax nearly as long as the wings, spotted with black. Desc. Head blackish ; vertex with an elevated longitudinal line, which extends down over the front where it is grooved, but this groove does not reach the acute ridge which divides the vertex from the front ; thorax flattened, somewhat granulated and whitish, laterally projecting a little over the origin of the herne- lytra, a slightly elevated longitudinal central line, and two abbre- viated oblique elevated lines near the head ; a velvet black spot each side over the tip of the hemelytra : pleura, hemelytra and pectus black-brown. Length to the tip of the wings, half an inch. Obs. I am indebted to Mr. Lesueur for this interesting species, which he caught at Kaighn's Point, in the vicinity of Philadel- phia. The insects of this genus vary much in their sculpture, size and color, which renders it difficult to distinguish the species, of which we seem to have several. In the above description I have purposely avoided a minute detail of colors and markings, noting such only as will probably prove to be permanent, or nearly so, and characteristic of the species. The left hand figures of tbe plate ; natural size and magnified. Acrydium laterale. — Specific character. Pale brownish- testaceous, with a lateral broad fuscous line ; thorax shorter than the wings. Desc. Vertex with an elevated longitudinal line, commencing near the tip, and extending down over the front, where it is canaliculate the whole length, and terminating beneath the an- tennae : antennas reddish-brown, blackish at tip : thorax flattened, with small longitudinal lines or wrinkles, and a more obvious, continuous, elevated central line, extending the whole length : wings brown on the anterior margin towards the tip, and extend- AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 11 ing at least the twentieth of an inch heyond the thorax : pleura with a dilated blackish-brown line or vitta, beginning at the eye, and including the abdomen above and on each side : feet brown, more or less annulated with pale : venter pale yellowish or testa- ceous. Length to tip of wings, nine-twentieths of an inch. Obs. I obtained this insect in Georgia and East Florida, where it is not uncommon. The upper and right figures of the plate ; natural size and magnified. LAPHRIA. Plate VI. Generic characters. Body elongated ; wings incumbent : an- tennae divaricating, approximate at base, three-jointed ; third joint inarticulate, obtuse, and destitute of a style : front im- pressed : hypostoma with long rigid hairs": proboscis horizontal, short, without dilated labia : poisers naked : abdomen with seven segments : posterior tibia arquated : tarsi terminated by two nails and two pulvilli. Obs. The genus Laphria, of Meigen, is perfectly well distin- guished from its neighboring groups by the above stated traits, and has received the approbation of all recent authors who are willing to keep pace with modern discoveries. The arrangement of the nervures of the wings, particularly of those of the anterior margin, is very similar to that of the wing nervures in the genus Asilus, as restricted by the same author ; but the form of the antennas, in this case, at once decides the genus, those of Laphria being simple at their termination, whilst those of Asilus are fur- nished with a very distinct, and generally elongated, setaceous style. These insects fly swiftly, and the force with which the wings strike upon the air, produces a loud humming sound. They are predaceous, and pursue with voracity smaller and weaker insects, which they seize, and then alight to suck out their fluids. Many species inhabit the United States. Of these, the thoracicus of Fabricius, and another which I described under the name of ter- gissa, in consequence of the form of body and sounding flight, have been very frequently mistaken for humble-bees, (Bonibus.) The larvae live, probably, in the earth. 12 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. Laphria fulvicauda. — Specific character. Black, with cinereous hair ; wings blackish ; tergum fulvous at tip. Laphria fulvicauda nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences, vol. iii. p. 53. Desc. Body black, with long cinereous hair : head large, trans- verse ; eyes deep black : thorax varied with black and cinereous, and with short, black hair; two distinct, longitudinal, dorsal, black lines, with a more obvious cinereous band in the middle, which is interrupted by the dorsal lines ; two cinereous obsolete points each side behind : wings blackish : halteres pale at tip : abdomen depressed, above and beneath subglabrous, hairy each side ; the two terminal segments of the tergum with a common fulvous spot. Length about three-fifths of an inch. Obs. I obtained it at the settlement of Cote sans Dessein, on the Missouri river, during a short stay of Major Long's exploring expedition at that place. Lower right figure. [This species has been called L. pyrrhacra by Wiedemann. — Sacken.] Laphria sericea. — Specific cliaracter. Above with golden- yellow hair ; thorax, beneath the hair, dark blue. Laphria sericea nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences, vol. iii. p. 74. Desc. Head black ; hypostoma and gena with grayish hair, that of the former tinged with dull yellowish ; vertex and occiput with black hair : thorax dark blue, with golden-yellow hair, rather longer and somewhat more dense behind ; a fringe of longer black hairs over the insertion of the wings : pleura black- ish ; a few long, pale hairs near the poisers : poisers pale : pectus and feet black, hairy ; hair of the former long ; hair beneath the anterior and intermediate feet whitish : scutel dull chestnut : wings hyaline ; nervures fuscous, broadly but faintly margined with yellowish-brown, as well as the inner edge : tergum dark chestnut-blue, thickly covered by golden-yellow, silky hair : anus black, naked : venter black-brown, nearly glabrous, with a few whitish hairs, the segments pale on their posterior margins : ab- domen cylindrical, depressed. Length four-fifths of an inch. Obs. The nervures of the wings are arranged like those of AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 13 L. ephippium Fabr. Meig. It is an inhabitant of the United States generally. Lower left figure. [This reference is evidently wrong, the upper figure is meant. — Lec] Laphria dors at a. — Specific character. Blue-black ; head and feet with cinereous hair ; nervures of the wings widely mar- gined with fuscous. Desc. Head black ; anterior orbits with a white line : mystax cinereous ; vibrissas black ; stethidium blue-black, with slight dark cinereous hair ; wings, nervures widely margined with fus- cous, obscuring the anterior part of the wing, and leaving the middle of the cellules on the inner margin almost hyaline : feet black, tinged with purplish, and with cinerous hair : poisers blackish, paler at base : tergum blue-black, with a coppery or purple gloss. Obs. It was taken near Philadelphia. The back of the abdo- men, although of a dark color, in a certain light reflects a brilliant coppery or purplish tint. The short nervure which terminates at the apex of the wing, is not only bifid at its origin, as in the albibarbis Meig., but the upper branch joins the nervure above, as well as the lower branch joins the nervure below. Upper figure. [The lower left figure. — Lec] NEMOGNATHA. Plate VII. Generic character. Antennas longer than the thorax, with the first and third joints nearly equal, the second a little shorter, terminal one fusiform, abruptly terminated by a short point; palpi filiform ; maxillae very much elongated, filiform, curved ; elytra elongate, linear; tarsi with entire joints. Obs. This genus was formed by Illiger for the reception of such species of the Linnaean genus Meloe, as are distinguished by the remarkable and striking character of the elongated max- illae. Fabricius included them in his genus Zonitis. The max- illae of these insects have the closest analogy with the spiral trunk of the Lepidoptcra, and every point of comparison induces the supposition that this organ is applied to the same uses. The species are found on flowers. Nemognatha immaculata. — Specific character. Lemon- yellow, immaculate ; elytra pale yellowish, with scattered punc- 14 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. tures ; maxillae not longer than the thorax, and with the antennae and palpi black. Desc. Antennae black, basal joint pale testaceous; eyes, max- illae, palpi and tips of tarsi, black ; elytra irregularly punctured, naked, polished. Obs. It inhabits the plains of Missouri, and was captured by Mr. Thomas Nuttall, on a species of thistle ( Car duns ;) I have since observed it in some plenty in the same locality. It seems to be allied to the Zonit is pallida of Fabricius, judging by his description of that insect. The smaller figure of the plate denotes the natural size, and the figures beneath it exhibit magnified representations of some of the oral organs, &c. Fig. 1. Antenna. 2. Mandible. 3. Tongue and labium supporting the labial palpi. / 4. Labial palpus. 5. Maxilla with its palpus, verticillate with short hairs- XYLOTA. Plate VIII. Generic character. Antennae three-jointed, inserted on a frontal elevation, nutant; third joint suborbicular, compressed, with a naked seta placed behind the dorsal middle ; ocelli three ; pro- boscis with fleshy lips; hypostoma above impressed, near the mouth a little elevated, retuse and subtuberculated ; posterior thighs dilated, spinous beneath ; onychii two ; abdomen with five segments ; wings incumbent, parallel. Obs. For this genus we are indebted to Meigen. Linne, Gme- lin, Degeer, Schrank, and others, referred the species to Musca; Fabricius and Panzer to Syrphus and Milesia. In his Systema Antliatorum Fabricius, with Latreille and Fallen, included them in the genus Milesia ; and a few species were scattered in the genera 31erodon, Scseva, Eristalis, and Thereva, by several authors. The species are found on flowers, and the larva is supposed to inhabit decaying wood. Xylota quadrata. — Specific character. Blackish; ter- gum with four dilated subequal ochraceous spots; posterior thighs with a prominent angle near the tip. AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 15 Desc. Head golden-yellow, black at base of the antennae and in a line proceeding to the mouth ; hypostoma very slightly in- dented, carinated ; antennae ochraceous ; eyes chestnut ; thorax dark brassy ; with two cinereous lines confluent before, attenu- ated behind, and abbreviated behind the middle ; an obsolete in- terrupted line each side over the wings ; scutel on the posterior margin ochraceous ; pleura and pectus with a pale glaucous cover- ing ; feet ochraceous, thighs black at base ; posterior pair black- brassy, their thighs dilated, with spines beneath, placed irregu- larly; a prominent projecting angle near the tip; tcrgum black; basal segment on the lateral margin ochraceous ; second segment with a large subquadrate ochraceous spot each side, approaching the middle, where it is longer than on the margin, posterior edge ochraceous ; third segment with also a large subquadrate ochra- ceous spot each side approaching the middle where it is longer than on the margin, it reaches the basal suture, posterior edge ochraceous ; fourth segment ochraceous at tip ; venter yellowish- white, blackish at tip. Ohs. This specimen is a female, and was captured in Pennsyl- vania. By its form of body, and the character of the hypostoma, it approaches the genus Eumerus Meig. The upper right figure of the plate. [This species belongs to the genus Tropidia Meig. — Sacken.] Xylota ejuncida. — Specific character. Blackish; tergum with four semioval, subequal, ochraceous spots ; posterior thighs rather slender, with two series of black spines beneath. Desc. Head silvery ; antennae ochraceous ; eyes chestnut ; tho- rax greenish-brassy, with a greyish spot on each side before ; poisers and scale whitish ; feet whitish, two last joints of the tarsi black ; thighs piceous, with a slight brassy tinge, posterior pair not remarkably dilated, exterior series of spines nearly equal from near the base to the tip ; posterior tibia piceous at tip ; ter- gum black, with a slight tinge of green ; basal segment polished, immaculate ; second and third segments each with a large semi- oval ochraceous spot on each side, approaching the middle and attaining to the lateral edges, but not reaching either the base or tip of the segment ; fourth segment obscure, brassy, polished ; venter yellowish-white, black at tip. Obs. The specimen is a male. I caught it on the banks of the St. John's river, in East Florida, during a short visit to that 16 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. country, in company with Messrs. Maclure, Ord, and T. Peale. A specimen, in the collection of Mr. William W. Wood, wag taken near Philadelphia. The upper left figure. Xylota proxima. — Specific character. Blackish; terguin about six-spotted ; posterior thighs dilated, with a large rufous spot on the middle. Desc. Head yellowish-silvery; vertex black; antennae ochra- ceous ; thorax blackish, two grey oblong-triangular spots on the anterior margin, connected with a lateral line that extends nearly to the origin of the wings ; poiser and scale whitish ; pleura and pectus silver-grey ; feet ochraceous ; posterior thighs much di- lated, with a very distinct rufous spot each side, and another at base, posterior half of the inferior edge more prominent, spines extending from near the base to the tip ; posterior tibia blackish, rufous in the middle and at base ; tergum black ; first segment with an ochraceous lateral margin and basal edge ; second seg- ment with a large semioval ochraceous spot each side ; third seg- ment with a small transversely semioblong-oval ochraceous spot each side at base ; fourth segment with a transverse pale ochra- ceous line each side at base, and posterior margin ; venter yellow- ish-white, blackish at tip. Obs. Very common in the neighborhood of Philadelphia, on flowers. I obtained a variety in Virginia, of which the spots of the tergum are grayish-glaucous. The two sexes are similar in color. It is closely allied to Syrphus pipiens of Fabricius ; .but the posterior thighs of that species, if we may rely upon Panzer's figure, are widest in the middle, whereas in this species they are widest near the tip, and the rufous band is on the inside as well as on the exterior side. The lower left figure. [This species is a Syritta, and seems identical with the Euro- pean S. pipiens Linn. — Sacken.] Xylota h^ematodes. — Specific character. Brassy-black; ab- domen rufous ; wings fuliginous. Milesia heematodes, Fabr. Syst. Antl. p. 193. Desc. Head black-brown ; hypostoma and front, in a certain AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 17 light, silvery ; vertex polished ; thorax brassy-black ; humerus, in a certain light, silvery : scutel, color of the thorax ; wings fuligi- nous ; pleura and pectus nearly black, polished ; feet, anterior pairs tinged with brownish ; posterior thighs much dilated, im- maculate, spines short; tergum bright rufous, basal segment with a longitudinal black line at base ; venter paler rufous. Obs. A native of the Southern States. I obtained two speci- mens in East Florida, one of which is represented on the annexed plate. It was first described by Fabricius, in his Sy sterna Ant- liatorum, from the collection of M. Bosc, but no figure has been hitherto given of it. The lower right figure. CALANDRA. Plate IX. Generic character. Body elliptic-oval, above somewhat de- pressed ; eyes immersed, oblong, encircling the head beneath : antennas geniculated, inserted at the base of the rostrum ; rostrum dilated at the insertion of the antennae; elytra plain, not cover- ing the anus above ; anus acutely prominent ; tarsi reflected to the inner side of the tibia. Obs. Such of the individuals, as were known to Linne, of al- most the whole of the vast tribe of insects now distinguished from the other tribes by the name of Curculionides, were included by that author in his single genus Curculio. So extremely numerous were the species, thus combined together, as to offer a very serious inconvenience to Entomologists. They soon per- ceived that the continual accessions of species, resulting either from the more critical and accurate observations of numerous in- vestigators, or from the contributions of those who were occupied in the adventurous task of exploring remote and unknown re- gions, had so far augmented the obstacles already existing, that the hand of reformation became absolutely necessaiy. Accord- ingly Olivier, Herbst, Fabricius, Latreille, Germar, Megerle, and other distinguished systematists, undertook to separate the Linnaean genus Curculio into numerous smaller assemblages, and thus to bring this part of the system into a more intimate allianee with the order observed by nature in the distribution of species. The labors of these naturalists eventuated in the construction of more than one hundred additional genera, but the characters 18 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. of many of these genera appear to be too obscure, and of others not sufficiently important to justify their collective adoption. By far the greater portion of them, however, will probably tend to the elucidation of this difficult part of the system, and amongst these may be ranked the genus Calandra of Clairville, distin- guished by obvious and striking traits. The history of many species of this group is highly interesting and important, and we propose to represent, in a future volume, those that are so destructive to the wheat, rice, and maize. [The species here described belong to the genus Sphen- ophorus Sch. — Lec] Calandra tredecim-punctata. — Specific character. Above sanguineous ; five spots on the thorax, four on each elytrum, and scutel, black ; head and all beneath black. Rynchophorus tredecim-punctatus Herbst. vol. vi. p. 10," pi. 60, fig. 5. Calandra cribraria Fabr. Syst. Eleut. part 2, p. 43-1. Curculio tredecim-punctatus Melsheimer's Catalogue, p. 28. No. 597. Desc. Body punctured, beneath black, with a cinereous shade in a particular light, and with numerous large punctures ; head black ; rostrum, dilated portion not longer than broad, but more dilated at tip, and with an impressed longitudinal line ; thorax sanguineous, with five black spots, of which two are orbicular, and placed on each side, and one is central, fusiform, sometimes rounded ; scutel black ; elytra sanguineous, with punctured striae, interstitial lines flat, with dilated punctures ; four black spots on each elytrum, placed 1, 2, 1, the latter largest. Length seven-twentieths of an inch, exclusive of the rostrum. Obs. We introduce this familiar insect, and a variety of it, chiefly for the sake of comparison with another species, which has many characters in common with it. A slight inspection of the plate will, however, at once disclose the differences by which we will always be enabled to distinguish them from each other. The tredecim-punctata, which does not appear to be injurious to any useful plant, may be found in considerable numbers on the milk-weed, or wild cotton (Asclepias syriaca), which is very com- mon in the neighborhood of Philadelphia, growing on the banks of streams of water. The insect seems to be a pretty general AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 19 inhabitant of the United States; I have found it in Missouri, Arkansa, and the North West Territory, as well as in Pennsyl- vania. Lower right figure : the line represents the natural size, with a lateral enlarged view of the head. Calandra tredecim-ptjnctata, Var. Dcsc. Body punc- tured ; beneath black, with a cinereous shade in a particular light, and with numerous large punctures ; head black ; rostrum, dilated portion longer than broad, but more dilated at tip, and with a deeply impressed puncture at its base above : thorax san- guineous, with five black spots, of which two are placed on each side, the posterior one larger and generally oblique, and one is central fusiform : scutel black : elytra sanguineous, with punc- tured striae ; interstitial lines flat, with dilated punctures ; two small marginal spots; a large common transverse spot on the middle, and a common tip consisting of about one-third of the length of the elytra, black. The spots of the elytra appear at first view to be formed and located differently in this from those of the preceding, yet by dilating the two central elytral spots of the preceding insect trans- versely, and enlarging the posterior spots in a posterior and transverse direction, we shall be able to exhibit an arrangement precisely comforable to that of the present variety. The spots of the elytra in this variety are subject to some variations; the transverse spot on the middle of the elytra is divided into two on one of my specimens ; the posterior common spot is subcordate, being much narrowed behind in another, and in a third is a black spot on each elytrum, insulated from the com- mon terminal spot which is much narrowed. This insect is a native of Missouri and Arkansa, as well as of the Atlantic States. The lower left figure ; the natural size is represented by a line, above which is an enlarged view of the head. Calandra quinque-punctata. — Specific character. Black ; thorax sanguineous, with five black spots ; elytra with a sanguine- ous exterior submargin. Desc. Body punctured, beneath black, with a very slight cincereous reflection in a particular light : rostrum, dilated por- tion longer thun broad, but wider at tip, and with a deeply im- 20 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. pressed puncture at base above : tborax sanguineous, with five black spots, of which two are on each side, the posterior one larger, oblique, and generally confluent along the basal margin with the opposite basal spot, the central spot is dilated and elon- gated, fusiform : scutel black : elytra black, with punctured striae ; interstitial lines flat, punctured, penultimate lateral one and ulti- mate one at base sanguineous : thighs with a dull sanguineous spot on the middle, obsolete on the posterior pair. Size of the preceding. I observed this species to be very abundant on the Southern Sea Islands of Georgia ; many specimens also occurred in East Florida, but I cannot learn that it has ever been taken further north than that State, neither does it seem to inhabit the western region. The upper right figure ; the natural size is exhibited by a line, above which is an enlarged representation of the head. Calandra compressirostra. — Specific character. Castane- ous black ; rostrum compressed ; a profound frontal puncture ; thorax with two punctured lines converging to the scutel. Calandra compressirostra nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences, vol. iii. p. 319. Desc. Body dark chestnut-brown, passing into blackish : head with small distant punctures, larger ones on the base of the rostrum, which decrease in size to the tip ; a profoundly impressed large puncture between the eyes : rostrum very much compressed, acutely carinate above : antennse at the tip rufous : thorax with larger punctures on the side, on the anterior impressed submargin and on two indented lines which originate each side of the middle and converge to the suture : elytra with crenate striae j interstitial lines each with a series of punctures : tibia with a very robust obtuse spine and setae below the anterior middle. Obs. This singular species occurred near the Rocky Mountains, on the banks of the Arkansaw river. It is widely distinct from either of the preceding species, as well by the much compressed form of the rostrum, as by the more obvious dissimilarity of color. The upper left figure ; the natural size is represented by a line, and an enlarged view of the head and part of the thorax is added. AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 21 ANTHICUS. Plate X. Generic character. Antenna; with conic joints, the second and third nearly equal, terminal one ovate-oblong ; labial palpi ter- minated by a small truncate joint ; thorax subcordate, often strangulated near the middle ; penultimate tarsal joints bilobate ; nails simple. Obs. The type of the insects which now constitute the genus Anthicus of Fabricius, was included by Linne" in that of Meloc, by Geoffroy, Olivier and Illiger in that of Nbtoxiis, and by Mar- sham in that of Lytta. I formerly adopted Geoffroy's designa- tion, but that name has since been adopted by European natural- ists for a very different species of insects. [These species belong to notoxus, as now restricted. — Lec.] Anthicus bicolor. — Specific character. Blackish, thorax with a projecting horn, and with the feet testaceous, immaculate. Desc. Head very dark testaceous ; front and vertex covered by short incumbent hair of a silky lustre ; eyes black ; thorax testa- ceous, immaculate ; horn obtusely dentate each side, and some- what bicarinate above ; scutel small, black ; elytra purplish- black ; breast and abdomen testaceous, sericeous ; body with short incumbent hair ; feet naked. Obs. In the forests of New Jersey, I have found this little in- sect in the month of June, on the leaves of the hickory (Juglans tomentosa Michaux), and of some other plants. The Rev. John F. Melsheimer, an able Entomologist, informed me that he ob- tained many specimens from the garden carrot. This species is allied to the Notoxus serricornis of Panzer, fascicle 32, pi. 17. The upper figures of the plate, of which the smaller one indi- cates the natural size. Anthicus MONODON Fabr. — Specific character. Testaceous ; elytra with a black band and spots. Anthicus monodon Fabr. Syst. Eleut. i, p. 289. Desc. Body above hairy ; head with the vertex silky ; eyes fuscous ; thorax with a lateral obscure spot ) horn obtusely den- tate each side ; scutel small ; elytra with a black band on the middle ; each marked by two black spots at the base, of which one is near the scutel, and the other on the humerus ; a black obsolete one near the tip ; abdomen silky. 22 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. Obs. Not uncommon. I have found it in June, on the oak and other forest trees ; it very much resembles Anthicus mono- ceros, of which Marsham observes, " Thorax recta antrorsum exiens in cornu nigricans ultra caput extensum, unde vere mon- strosa et insectis insolita facies." A. monodon was first described by Fabricius, but it has not been hitherto figured. Lower figures, of which the smaller indicates the natural size. SYRPHUS. Plate XL Generic character. Antennas separate at base, shorter than the head, advanced, nutant, triarticulate ; third joint orbicular or oval, compressed, with a seta near the dorsal base ; hypostoma tuberculated, but not very remarkably prominent ; feet simple and slender ; wings incumbent parallel, central transverse nervure placed almost perpendicularly. Obs. This genus was included by Linne in his comprehensive genus Musca. In the Systema Antliatorum, Fabricius con- structed a separate genus under the name of Scseva, for the re- ception of many insects that he had formerly placed in his genus Syrphus. But it is now ascertained that nearly or quite all the species retained in the latter belong to other genera, and par- ticularly to those of VoluceUa and Sericomyia. The name Syr- phus being therefore disengaged, has been very properly restored to its old species, and, as far as I can learn, the name of Scseva is rejected by Meigen. Consequently, the nine new species which I described in the Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences (vol. iii. p. 88,) under the name of Scseva, must now be consi- dered as belonging to the genus Syrphus. As it now stands, this genus is closely allied to Milesia. Not one of our numerous spe- cies was known to Fabricius. The larvae feed on Aphides or Plant-lice ; the body is in the shape of an unequal cone, large behind, attenuated to a point be- fore, and destitute of distinct feet. In order to suck out the juices of their victims, they raise it from the surface of the plant on which they rest. When about to enter the pupa state, they attach themselves by a glutinous secretion to a fixed object, the body contracts, and the anterior portion, which was previously attenuated, becomes the most dilated part. Syrphus cylindricus. — Specific character. Blackish, va- AMERICAxN ENTOMOLOGY. 23 ried with yellow ; abdomen, excepting the base of the tergum, yellow-ferruginous. Desc. — Male. Head yellowish-white, somewhat silvery, pol- ished ; antennae more deeply tinged with yellow ; tubercle of the hypostoma a little dusky at tip; eyes chestnut; thorax dark greenish-olivaceous, spot before the wings and scutel, yellow; pleura black with yellow spots ; pectus black ; feet, including the coxae, pale yellow ; tergum yellowish-ferruginous ; first seg- ment and base of the second black ; tip of the second segment either dull ferruginous or blackish ; third segment dull yellow, somewhat ferruginous at base and tip ; venter yellow at base, fer- ruginous towards the tip. Obs. I have seen but two specimens, which are both males, taken near Philadelphia. In form of body it resembles the S. scalaris, Fabr., and tseniatus, Meig., of Europe. The upper figure of the plate. [Belongs to the genus Sphserophoria Macq. — Sacken.] Syrphus obscurtjs. — Specific character. Blackish-green; tergum with lateral full cupreous triangles. Desc. — Male. Head metallic black, tinged with green ; antennae, third joint dull testaceous ; stethidium entirely blackish-green, polished, immaculate ; feet dull testaceous, thighs blackish at base; tergum velvet-black, slightly tinged with green; second segment with a dull coppery semioval spot on the middle of the lateral margin, extending on the edge to the base and tip ; third and fourth segments each with a lax-ge dull coppery triangular spot on each side at base, approaching closely towards each other on the basal margin, and extending on the lateral edge nearly to the tip ; an obsolete, longitudinal, central, dull coppery line, widely out spread on the posterior margin, so as to attain to the posterior angles ; venter purplish or dusky, highly polished. Obs. Of this also I have seen but two specimens, both of which are males ; one was taken near Philadelphia, and the other at Chinquoteage, Virginia. The lower figure of the plate. Syrphus obliquus. — Specific character. Thorax green- bronze, with a yellow dot before the wings ; tergum bounded and spotted with yellow. Scseva obliaua nobis. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. iii. p. 89. 24 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. Desc. Head yellow, a dusky line above the antennae ; orbits yellow to the vertex ; antennae blackish on the superior edge : thorax dark green-bronze ; a yellow spot before the wings ; scu- tel bright yellow ; feet whitish ; anterior tibia and tarsi a little dilated, the latter with short joints; posterior thighs with one obsolete band, their tibia two banded ; extremity of all the tarsi dusky ; tergum black ; first segment with a yellow basal edge ; second segment with a band at base, interrupted into two oblong triangles, and a broader one on its middle, yellow ; third segment with one arquated band ; fourth and fifth segments each with an oblique oblong-oval spot each side, and two longitudinal lines on the middle, yellow. Variety /?. Band of the third segment of the tergum inter- rupted into four small spots. Obs. A very pretty insect, not uncommon in gardens on flowers, leaves, &c. The sexes are alike in color and markings. The left figure of the plate. (This figure represents the variety.) Syrphus politus. — Specific character. Thorax with a yel- low line each side, and a cinereous dorsal one ; tergum with yel- low bands and quadrate spots. Scsevapolita nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences, vol. iii. p. 88. Desc. Head yellow, above the antennae dusky silvery; thorax somewhat olivaceous, a yellow line above the wings, and a dorsal cinereous one ; scutel dusky yellowish, with a paler margin ; feet whitish ; tergum black ; basal segment with the basal and lateral edges yellow ; second segment with a transverse yellow band on the middle; third and fourth segments with a band and longi- tudinal line, each side of which latter is a large, transverse, sub- triangular yellow spot, yellow ; fifth segment with the yellow spots and base, but destitute of the longitudinal line. Obs. This species, like the preceding, is very agreeably orna- mented with the yellow lines and spots that characterize it, and like that species it is not unfrequent, yet I have but two imper- fect specimens, wihch are both females. The right figure of the plate. AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 25 SMERINTHUS. Plate XII. Generic character. Tongue very short ; antennae serrate ; palpi contiguous, short, terminal joint tuberculiform, very short; anterior wings angulated ; anus simple. Obs. Latreille constructed this genus to receive such Linnrcan Sphinges as have a very short or indistinct tongue. The spe- cies, although closely allied to those of the genus from which they were separated, are yet distinguishable by their form of body and habits of life. They are short, robust, and generally remarkable by a handsome display of colors. They are never seen to shoot, like meteors through the air, from flower to flower, balancing the body at each, in order to extract sweets from the nectary, but, unlike the Sphinx and humming-bird, their flight is heavy and reluctant, and they receive food only in the state of repose. The larvas are generally elongated, with lateral, oblique, colored lines, and a prominent horn on the upper part of the pos- terior extremity of the body. They feed on leaves, and undergo their change to the pupa state in the earth, without the care of constructing any regular coccoon. Smerinthus geminatus. — Specific character. Inner angle of the posterior wings with a large black spot, in which are two blue spots. Desc. Head tinged with ferruginous before ; vertex white ; an- tennas whitish, pectens brown ; thorax whitish, with a dark brown disk rounded before and gradually dilating behind; superior wings varied with brown and cinereous ; a dark semi-oval spot at the tip is obvious and remarkable ; inferior wings yellowish, with a red disk, and a large deep black spot of a similar shape to that of the thorax, including two blue spots. Obs. Closely allied to the ocellata of Europe, and to the myops and excaecata of our own country ; but it may be distinguished from either by the double blue spot in the black patch on the pos- terior wings. The excaecata I have not seen, and have therefore to rely on Abbot's drawing of that insect, as given by Smith in his splendid work, the " Lepidopterous Insects of Georgia," where it is represented with a single large blue spot, in the place of the two that exist on each posterior wing of the present spe- 26 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. cies. These two spots seem to be constant as well as common to both sexes. The plate represents two views of the natural size. LEPTIS. Plate XIII. Generic character. Antennas short, approximate, at base, tri- articulate ; basal joint cylindric ; second cyathiforrn ; third conic, not annulated, and terminated by a long seta ; stemmata three, situated on the vertex ; proboscis and palpi exserted, the latter pilose, with its second articulation elongated ; wings divaricated ; halteres naked ; onychii three ; abdomen consisting of seven seg- ments. Obs. The species were arranged by Linne in his genus Musca. Fabricius, Meigen and Latreille, in their earlier works, removed them from Musca, to form a distinct group, to which they ap- plied the name of Rhagio, including, as it then stood, some spe- cies that have been since separated, and now stand under the name of Aiherix. Those authors, in their subsequent publica- tions, finding that the appellation of Rhagio presented the incon- venience of a collision with that of a Coleopterous genus (Rha- giwrri), united in rejecting the word, and supplied its place with that of Lep>tis, which I have adopted. Some of the species are common ; they are predaceous ; the larvae are cylindrical, apodal, with a small horny head, and live in the earth. Leptis ornata. — Specific character. Velvet-black; thorax and abdominal bands with whitish hair ; wings hyaline ; feet white. Leptis ornata nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences, vol. iii. p. 34. Desc. Hypostoma and front with silvery white hair ; thorax, particularly on its lateral margins, with silvery hair very slightly tinted with yellow ; pleura, pectus and coxae black ; feet pale yel- lowish ; tarsi, except at base, fuscous ; poisers pale yellow ; ter- gum on the basal segment nearly covered with silvery hair ; re- maining segments each with a silvery band behind, occupying nearly one half of its length, and interrupted in the middle ; venter immaculate. Obs. The specimen is a male. The species is an inhabitant of Pennsylvania, and probably also of several of the neighboring States. It is very closely allied to the thoracica of Fabricius, AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 27 with which it has probably been hitherto confounded ; but it dif- fers from that beautiful species by its pellucid wings, pale tibia, broader bands of the tergurn, color of the thoracic hair, and by having silvery hair on the hypostonia and front. It belongs to the second division of the genus, in which the palpi are cylindri- cal, or slightly clavate and recurved. The upper left figure of the plate. [Belongs to the genus Chri/sopila Macq. — Sacken.] Leptis albicornis. — Specific character. Pale testaceous; tergurn with a dorsal series of black spots ; wings spotted and tipped with fuscous. Leptis albicornis nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences, vol. iii. p. 38. Desc. Body above rufo-yello wish ; hypostonia chestnut; antennae yellowish-white ; seta black ; palpi and rostrum white ; cheeks somewhat glaucous, with whitish hair ; thorax three or five lined with black, the three intermediate lines being obsoletely separate ; scutel immaculate ; wings hyaline, costal margin tinged with yel- lowish ; nervures, particularly those of the inner margin, those that are transverse, stigmata and tip of the wing margined with fus- cous, more obvious and dilated at tip of the wing, and on each side of those transverse nervures that are beyond the middle ; tergurn with a large rounded black spot on each segment, and a black line on the lateral edge. Obs. Very closely allied to L. scolopacea Fabricius, of Europe, but it differs from that insect in several particulars, as in the color of the antennas, stethidium, feet, &c. The specimen is a male. The upper right figure. Leptis vertebrata. — Specific character. Pale testaceous; tergurn with a dorsal series of black spots ; wings immaculate. Leptis vertebrata nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences, vol. iii. p. 38. Desc. Head black : terminal joint of the antennae, excepting the seta and palpi, pale ; stethidium blackish (in the female pale testaceous, with obscure lineations :) thorax with two obsolete cinereous lines, and a pale humeral spot : scutel and poisers pale- yellowish : wings hyaline, costal margin tinged with testaceous, nervures brown ; feet pale testaceous, coxae, tarsi, half of the pos- terior thighs, and posterior tibia, black, (coxae of the female color of the stethidium :) tergurn yellowish, segments each with 28 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. a fuscous or blackish spot above, and a line on the lateral edge ; the dorsal spots of the posterior segments are extended into bands : venter blackish on the terminal joints. Obs. This species, as well as the albicornis, belongs to Mei- gen's first division of the genus, in which the palpi are elongate- conic, and incumbent on the proboscis. It resembles the albi- cornis, but the wings are immaculate, &c. The lower left figure. Leptis fasciata. — Specific character. Velvet-black ; thorax with golden-yellow hair ; tergum fasciate with white ; wings hya- line with a large brown stigma. Leptis fasciata nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. iii.p. 37. Desc. The fundamental color of the thorax is the same with that of the other parts of the body ; hypostoma in a particular light cinereous ; pleura and pectus dark lurid ; poisers fuscous, scapus whitish ; wing nervures brown, stigma rather large, brown and distinct ; tergum on the posterior margin of each segment banded with yellowish ; venter immaculate ; feet whitish, thighs reddish-brown towards their bases, tarsi dusky at tip. Obs. Inhabits Pennsylvania. The nervures of the wings are arranged as in Meigen's second division, and the insect has much the appearance in miniature of L. thoracica of Fabricius. The lower right figure. [Belongs to the genus Clirysopila Macq. — Sacken.] BERYTUS. Plate XIV. Generic character. Antennae four-jointed, filiform, elongated, geniculated in the middle, inserted above a line drawn from the eyes to the base of the labrum; first joint very long, clavate at tip ; second and third joints intimately connected so as to appear as one ; last joint short and oval ; body filiform ; feet elongated, thighs clavate. Obs. This is one of the many genera that have been very properly separated from the Linnsean Cimex by Fabricius under the name I have adopted, and under that of Neidcs by Latreille. It is very distinct in appearance from either of its neighboring genera, and is remarkable for its slender form of body and limbs. Berytus spinosus. — Specific character. Obscure reddish- brown ; terminal joint of the antennae fuscous ; thorax punc- tured ) a strong spine before the posterior feet. AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 29 Desc. Antennas longer than the body, terminal joint fuscous, yellowish at base and tip : eyes black : stemmata sanguineous, distant, placed very far back, almost lateral : clypeus produced, conic ; rostrum as long as thorax, inflected, and placed in a groove beneath : thorax gibbous behind, punctures large and crowded : scutel with an elevated spine : elytra nervous, with a black costal spot near the tip : posterior feet longest ; a spine each side as thick as the thighs, originating before the posterior coxas, curving upward above the elytra, and abruptly attenuated near the tip : abdomen depressed, fusiform, margined ; margin paler. Obs. Of this genus Fabricius has described two species, of which the tipularius appears to be very like this insect — at least as far as I can judge from description, having no opportunity to consult a figure of either- insect of the genus. One specimen in my cabinet has the antennae rather shorter, and on .the thorax are three lines a little elevated, one of which is dorsal and two mar- ginal, with a two-lobed raised transverse spot before : this may be a sexual variety, or possibly a distinct species ; but, for want of sufficient knowledge of them, I will not, at present, incur the responsibility of separating them. The smaller figure in the plate denotes the natural size. PELECINUS. Plate XV. Generic character. Antennas with not more than fourteen joints ; tongue trifid ; neck not apparent ; posterior tibas clavate ; abdomen slender, elongated, filiform, inserted at the posterior and inferior extremity of the metathorax. Pelecinus polycerator Drury. — Specific character. Black; antennas with a white annulus ; posterior tibia sericeous on the inside. Ichneumon polyturator Drury, vol. ii. pi. 40, fig. 4. Pelecinus polycerator Fabr., Latr. Desc. Head with a compressed, elevated scale-like tooth at the inner base of each antenna : antennas, tenth joint and half of the ninth joint white: wings, nervures and costal margin fuscous: feet, two anterior pairs blackish-piceous ; posterior pair black, polished, the tibia much dilated at tip and much dilated on the inner side, the tarsi piceous. 30 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. Obs. A truly singular insect, not uncommon in various parts of the United States. Its flight is slow and awkward, and when taken it endeavors to force the point of the abdomen through the skin of the hand, but its strength not adequate to the task. The whole abdomen resembles a much elongated pedicle, from which the abdomen itself, or dilated portion, has been accidently re- moved. The plate exhibits two views of the insect, natural size, and a wing somewhat magnified, to show the arrangement of the ner- vures. BLAPS. Plate XVI. Generic character. Mentum small, or moderately large, quad- rate or orbicular ; palpi terminated by a larger joint; terminal joint of the maxillary palpi securiform ; mandibles naked to their base ; clypeus terminated by a straight line ; labrum transverse ; antennae moniliform at tip, third joint much larger than the fourth ; back flat ; thorax almost quadrate ; elytra acute at tip. [These species belong to the genus Eleodes. — Lec] Blaps suturalis. — Specific character. Blackish ; elytra sca- brous, grooved, reddish-brown, punctured ; lateral thoracic mar- gin reflected. Blaps suturalis nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. iii. p. 257. Desc. Body black-brown, punctured : antennae, third joint longer than the fourth and fifth conjointly; fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh equal obconico-cylindric ; eighth obconic-orbicular, shorter than the preceding; remaining joints nearly equal to the eighth, globose ; the terminal one somewhat conic-compressed : labrum prominent, emarginate, and with very short yellow hairs at tip : thorax transverse-quadrate ; edge deeply concave before ; lateral margin dilated, reflected ; lateral edge regularly arquated, slightly excurved at base ; posterior edge slightly flexuose, nearly rectilinear ; angles acute, anterior ones with a small excurved point ; punctures of the disk acute, distant ; two obsolete indented spots behind the middle : scutel impunctured, distinct, acute : elytra with seven grooves, the four sutural ones each with a single series of elevated points, remaining grooves with numerous points ; a series of points on each of the interstitial lines ; lateral edge reflected, slightly elevated, acute ; a sutural, common, red- dish-brown margin : epipleura scabrous and punctured, with four AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 31 or five obsolete impressed striae : feet scabrous, anterior thighs slightly dilated beneath before the tip into an obtuse angle. Length one inch nearly. Obs. During the progress of Major Long's expedition up the Missouri, that enterprising and excellent officer entrusted me with the direction of a small party of thirteen persons, destined to explore the country on the south side of that extended river. After encountering many obstacles and privations which it is unnecessary to enumerate, the party arrived at the village of the Konza Indians, hungry, fatigued, and out of health. Commise- rating our situation, these sons of nature, although suffering under the injustice of white people, received us with their characteristic hospitality, and ameliorated our condition by the luxuries of repletion and repose. Whilst sitting in the large earth-covered dwelling of the principal chief, in presence of seve- ral hundred of his people, assembled to view the arms, equip- ments, and appearance of the party, I enjoyed the additional gratification to see an individual of this fine species of Blaps running towards us from the feet of the crowd. The act of em- paling this unlucky fugitive at once conferred upon me the respectful and mystic title of " medicine man," from the super- stitious faith of that simple people. On the subsequent journey towards the Rocky Mountains, several specimens occurred, together with other insects of the same classical division, till then unknowa. The upper right figure. Blaps acuta. — Specific character. Blackish; elytra sca- brous, grooved ; dilated sutural margin reddish-brown ; exterior edge acute ; thoracic margin not reflected. Blaps acuta nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. vol. iii. p. 258. Desc. Body blackish, punctured : head with larger punctures than those of the thorax : antennae as in the preceding species : labrum prominent, emarginate, with short yellow hairs at tip : thorax subquadrate : anterior edge concave ; punctures minute, separate; lateral margin not reflected; lateral edge regularly arquated, a little excurved at base ; posterior edge nearly rectili- near : scutel impunctured : elytra grooved : the four sutural grooves with a single series of elevated points ; interstitial lines with about one series of distant punctures; sutural margin 32 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. obsoletely reddish-brown ; exterior edge acute : epipleura obso- letely grooved, scabrous, punctured, and from the base to near the middle tinged with reddish-brown : anterior thighs dilated, and armed with a prominent spine near the tip. Length nearly one inch and one-fifth. The gradually recurved form of the lateral margin of the thorax in the preceding species, gives to the whole thorax a somewhat concave appearance, notwithstanding the convexity of the disk. In this conformation the present insect is obviously distinct, although very similar as respects general color, the form of the elytra, feet, and abdomen. The thorax here exhibits a regular convexity, which gradually subsides towards the lateral edges. This species occurred in Missouri, near Council Bluff. The upper left figure. Blaps obscura. — Specific character. Blackish : elytra sca- brous, grooved, dark reddish-brown, margin rounded, thoracic margin not reflected. Blaps obscura nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. vol. iii. p. 250. Desc. This species resembles the preceding, but the thorax is proportionally longer, the elytra are of a dull reddish-brown color, approaching to piceous, and the lateral margin is rounded so as to exhibit no edge. Length more than one inch. Obs. I obtained this insect in the country bordering the river Platte, within a hundred miles of the Rocky Mountains. The lower left figure. Blaps hispilabris. — Specific character. Blackish; elytra scabrous, grooved ; sutural margin obsoletely reddish-brown ; labrum with black, rigid hairs. Blaps hispilabris nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. vol. iii. p. 259. Desc. In form of the elytra, their lateral curve, rotundity of edge, sculpture and color, this species resembles the obscura ; but the anterior angles of the thorax are distinctly excurved and acute, the posterior angles viewed from above exhibit no excurva- ture 5 the scutel is proportionally smaller and more rounded, and the labrum is distinctly armed with many black rigid hairs ex- tending forward, and projecting beyond the extremity of the labrum. Length more than four-fifths of an inch. Inhabits Missouri. AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 33 The lower right figure ; the figure near the bottom of the plate is a magnified representation of an antenna. ARGYNNIS. Plate XVII. Papilio Linn. Generic character. Antennas terminated by a short club ; palpi divaricating, second joint compressed, broad, hairy; third joint terminating abruptly by a short, slender, acute joint : inferior wings suborbicular ; anterior feet short, feeble : tarsi with double nails. Obs. Many species of this genus are beautifully decorated with spots on the lower surface of the inferior wings, resplendent with all the brilliancy of polished silver, or rivalling the milder, but not less attractive lustre, of precious opal. The superior surface of the wings is varied with red or orange, agreeably relieved by spots or lines of black or brown. The larva or caterpillar is armed with spines, and the pupa or chrysalis attaches itself by the tail to a fixed object, in order to pass its destined period of quiescent preparation, for its change to the perfect, adult or butterfly state. Linne included the species in his genus Papilio, but Fabricius separated them as a distinct group under the name we have here adopted. Argynnis Diana Cramer. — Specific character. Wings above black-brown, with a very broad fulvous exterior margin, in which are a few blackish spots and nervures. Papilio Diana Cramer, Ins. vol. ii. p. 4. pi. 98, fig. D. E. Le P. Diane Encycl. Method. Insectes, pi. 35, f. 2. Desc. Body above black-brown : vertex, and anterior sides of the thorax, ferruginous : wings on the basal two-thirds blackish- brown : the outer third pale fulvous, on the superior wings divided by blackish-brown margined nervures, and marked by two distant series of dots of a similar color, the exterior of which is obsolete ; on the margin of the inferior wings the two series of dots are hardly to be traced : beneath, on the superior wings, the blackish-brown basal portion has from six to eight ochraceous spots, of which the external ones are longitudinal, and those nearer the base are nearly transverse : intervening between these two sets of spots, are two opalescent spots, placed transversly, and sometimes confluent ; exterior third of the wing ochraceous, 3 34 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. deeper towards the anterior angle, and with two distinct fuscous spots ; inferior wings, on the basal two-thirds reddish-brown, with two small distant silvery spots on the anterior margin, and a series of obsolete dull silvery lines behind the middle ; exterior third of these wings ochraceous, with a marginal series of seven short sil- very lines. Obs. The present species, though not remarkable for any supe- rior gaiety of coloring, interests by the simple contrast of black- ish and pale orange colors, of its superior surface, as well as by the rows of slender silvery lines which decorate the under page of its inferior wings. I have taken this insect in Georgia, East Florida, Arkansaw, and Missouri, but have not yet met with it in Pennsylvania. Cramer described his specimen, in the collection of Mr. J. C. Sylvius Van Lennep, and states it to have been taken in Virginia. He has applied to it the terrestial name of the daughter of Jupiter and Latona, and the twin sister of Apollo, in pursuance of the example of Linne, who thus endeavored to connect Ento- mology with Mythology and the civil history of antiquity. The plate represents two views of this species, beneath which is an enlarged palpus. CICINDELA. Plate XVIII. Generic character. Antennae filiform; clypeus shorter than the labrum ; maxillae monodactyle, with two very distinct palpi, of which the exterior one is nearly equal to the labial palpi, penultimate joint of the latter hairy ; mentum trifid, the divisions nearly equal in length; feet slender, elongated; anterior tibia without a sinus near the tip. Obs. A very natural and interesting group of insects. Many species inhabit this country, the more common of which, such as the vulgaris, sex-guttata and punctulata, are familiar to most per- sons who delight in rural scenery. They inhabit arid situations, run and fly swiftly, and live upon prey, which they seize by means of their somewhat elongated and very acute mandibles. Cicindela decemnotata. — Specific character. Green, above tinged with cupreous; elytra margined with bright green or bluish ; four white spots and an intermediate refracted band. Desc. Labrum three-toothed, white : mandibles black, base AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 35 white : elytra with a white spot on the shoulder, another equi- distant from the first and the band : band broad, arising from the middle of the margin, refracted at the centre of the elytrum, and terminated near the suture in a line with the tip of the third spot ; this spot is large, orbicular, and placed near the external tip of the terminal one, which is transverse and triangular : body beneath green : trochanters and tail purple. Obs. The specimen from which this description and the annexed representation were taken, is a female, the only one I have seen : it was caught by Mr. Nuttall, on the sandy alluvions of the Missouri, above the confluence of the river Platte. Upper figure of the plate. [This species is unknown to me ; it resembles the green vari- eties of C. purpurea, but differs by the middle fascia of the elytra being more suddenly bent, and more prolonged behind. — Lec] Cicindela FORMOSA. — Specific character. Red cupreous, brilliant; elytra with a three branched, broad white margin. Desc. Front hairy : labrum large, three-toothed : elytra with a broad white border, anterior and posterior branches short, inter- mediate one flexuous, nearly reaching the suture ; edge of the elytra green ; body beneath green or purple-blue, very hairy : thighs blue, tibia green. Length seven-tenths, breadth one-fourth of an inch. Obs. A beautiful species; it was captured by Mr. Thomas Nuttall, on the sandy alluvions of the Missouri river, above the confluence of the Platte. Lower figure of the plate. .EGERIA. Generic character. Antennae fusciform [fusiform?] ; palpi long, separate, covered with long scales or porrected hair ; wings hori- zontal in repose ; abdomen bearded at tip. Obs. Fabricius formed this genus for the reception of such spe- cies of the genus Sesia, as have the palpi prominent, distinct, and covered by elongated scales. As Sesia now stands, it differs from the present, by the short palpi, which are covered by short, close- set scales ; and their terminal joint is very short, tuberculiform ; Lamarck, however, applies the name Sesia to the present genus. The wings in the various species of jEgeria are chiefly trans- 36 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. parent, and the body being slender, with colored bands in some of the species, they have much the appearance of bees and wasps ; whence the names apiformis, vespiformis, crabroniformis, &c, which have been applied in this genus. Degeer, in his history of one of the species, observes, " the first time that I saw it, I hesitated to take it with my naked hand, believing I had found a wasp." JEgeria exitiosa. — Desc. Male. Body steel-blue ; antennae ciliated on the inner side, black, with a tinge of blue ; palpi be- neath, yellow ; head with a band at base, both above and beneath, pale yellow ; eyes black-brown ; thorax with two pale yellow lon- gitudinal lines, and a transverse one behind, interrupted above, and a spot of the same color, beneath the origin of the wings ; wings hyaline, nervures and margin steel-blue, which is more di- lated on the costal margin, and on the anastomosing band of the superior wings ; feet steel blue, the coxae, two bands on the tibiae including the spines, incisures of the posterior tarsi, and anterior tarsi behind, pale yellow ; abdomen with two very narrow pale yellow bands, one of which is near the base, and the other on the middle ; tail fringed, the fringe margined with white each side. Female. Body very dark steel-blue, with a tinge of purple ; antennae destitute of cilise ; palpi beneath, black ; thorax imma- culate ; superior wings steel-blue, without any hyaline spot ; in- ferior wings hyaline, with an opaque margin and longitudinal line ; the latter and the costal margin are dilated ; tergum with the fifth segment bright reddish-fulvous. Pupa with two semifasciae of spines upon each of the seg- ments, excepting the three terminal ones, which have a single row only. Follicle brown, oblong-oval, composed of small pieces of bark and earth, closely connected together by the web of the animal. JEgeria exitiosa nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat., Sci, vol. iii. p. 216. Obs. This insect has been for years the cause of great solicitude and regret to all the lovers of fine fruit. Our readers will ac- knowledge the fact, when we inform them, that small as it is, it is no other than the silent, insidious destroyer of the peach-tree. The sexes are so remarkably different from each other, that we should hesitate in yielding our assent to their specific unity, if we were not apprised of the circumstance, that the sexes of many AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 37 of the species are very unlike each other. In the present in- stance, the difference is so great, as to render it difficult to con- struct a good common specific character. We are indebted to Mr. James Worth, a zealous and careful observer, for the principal part of the accurate information which we possess relative to this formidable insect. The following ob- servations are extracted from a valuable essay, by that gentleman, published in the volume quoted above. The egg deposited on the side of a glass tumbler, was oblong- oval, dull yellow, and so small as to be only just discernible by the naked eye. Excepting in a state of confinement, he never saw the female at rest, but in one instance, when she was perched on a leaf, which may possibly be the usual place of deposit, though he is inclined to believe that it is made on some part of the trunk of the tree. The larva is of a white color, the head being reddish-brown. It is somewhat difficult to ascertain the early movements of the larva, in consequence of its small size ; but its destructive career certainly commences about the last of September, or early in October, by its entering the tree probably through the tender bark under the surface of the soil ; after hav- ing passed through the bark, it proceeds downwards into the root, and finally turns its course towards the surface, where it arrives about the commencement of the succeeding July. Having attained to its full growth, the larva enters the pupa state, between the first and middle of July ; enveloped in its fol- licle, it may then be readily discovered close to the trunk, sur- rounded by the gum which oozes from the wound. The pupa state continues from the tenth of July to the latter part of that month, or beginning of August. Mr. Worth examined his fruit trees on the tenth of July, when he obtained twenty follicles, and about thirty larvae ; of the folli- cles, four were empty, the insect having assumed the wing state. The larvae had all arrived near the surface of the ground, for the purpose of undergoing their great change. Against the depredations of this insect, many supposed reme- dies have been prescribed, such as the application of hot water, tanner's bark, and flower of sulphur, to the root of the tree, and soft soap and lime-wash to the trunk ; but it is obvious, that no application of this kind can injure the insect, without coming in 38 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. contact with it whilst it remains in the egg, or infantile state, on the outside of the tree, for after having penetrated to the interior, no superficial application can effect it. The various substances placed around the root of the tree, such as ashes and sand, the un- covering of its .base during winter, and covering again for the summer, are also pronounced by Mr. Worth, from his experience, to be inefficient and even injurious to the health of the tree. " The best plan of guarding against the ravages of the insect, which I have found, is to examine the trees early in the month of July ; take a bricklayer's trowel, and opening the ground around the trunk, the lodgment of the insect will at once be dis- covered, by the appearance of gum, and it can readily be de- stroyed ; one person can thus examine more than a hundred trees in less than half a day, and very few, if any, of the insects will escape. But in order the more effectually to destroy them, I would advise, that from the first to the middle of August, some swingling tow, a piece of hairy hide, (the hair inside, but turned over at top,) or some other coarse thing of six or more inches in width, be tied close around the trunk of the tree, the under edge to be a little covered with earth, so as to prevent any passage be- neath ; about the middle of September remove the bandage, and immediately give the whole trunk of the tree a covering of soft soap or lime-wash, well brushed on, that no spot from the head to the root may remain untouched. Perhaps a decoction of to- bacco, or some other wash, might do better ; even hot water would be effectual, where the tree was sufficiently hardy to bear the ap- plication ; or it may be, that the wash would answer the purpose without the bandage, but where the bandage is dispensed with, the wash ought, I think, to be applied about the first of Septem- ber, or I should have great confidence in a bandage of tobacco leaves or stems ; it should be kept on from the first of August to November, and could do no damage by being continued, provided it was not tied so close as to cramp the growth of the tree. " But there are causes of decline other than that of the insect, and the principal one is the not stirring of the ground ; I appre- hend, that the disease called 'yellows' is often thus occasioned. Last year my peach orchard was considerably affected ; and the ground had not been ploughed for three years, and had become' quite covered with grass. In the spring of the current year I AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 39 had it well broken up, and kept clean during the summer ; the trees soon assumed a healthy appearance, and furnished a plenti- ful supply of fine fruit, and the whole orchard is now in the most flourishing condition, and I believe there will be no difficulty in keeping it in that state." But my friend Mr. J. Gilliams, has certainly derived great advantage from the use of the cinders of the common anthracite, which is now so generally introduced as a fuel ; he opens a small basin around the trunk of the tree, and fills it with the cinders ; he informs me that the trees thus treated, have assumed a more healthy appearance than others, and they are not at all infested by this destructive insect. In Mr. Skinner's very useful paper, the American Farmer, (vol. vi. p. 14,) are a few highly important remarks on this sub- ject, by Mr. William Shotwell, of which the following is an ex- tract : " I cleaned a number of trees, and put a coat of lime mortar, about half an inch thick round the body, then drew the earth up to it. These trees are now perfectly healthy, and there" has not been the sign of a worm about them since, although it was five years past that the experiment was made. I have since tried the same on a great number of trees with equal success." In the same work (vol. vi. p. 37,) are some interesting observations on the preservation of peach-trees, by Mr. Evan Thomas, Jr., from which we gather the following information. On removing the earth from about the roots of some trees of a sickly appearance, he observed a considerable quantity of gum that had exuded from several minute apertures of the trunk ; on opening these carefully with a knife, the larvae were discovered. They were about one inch long, of a cream color, the head somewhat depressed, chestnut-brown. " They had perforated the bark about one inch below the surface of the earth, and were devouring voraciously, both the alburnum and liber, leaving the cortex and epidermis as a covering and de- fence." Having destroyed these depredators, Mr. Thomas ap- plied Forsythe's healing composition to the wounds, with the expectation that it would not only exhibit its usual efficacy, but that it would also prevent the access of a new colony of the enemy. In this, however, he was disappointed, for on examining the same trees again, at the expiration of about six weeks, he 40 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. found that a new deposit had been made, and that the young worms were then devouring what their predecessors had left. This fact exhibited the inefficacy of the practice of laying bare the roots during the winter. " About the close of July, many of these insects, having assumed the winged state, soon after de- posit their eggs in peach-trees, just beneath the surface ; first wounding the bark in different places, which, on examination, appears to have been effected by a blunt pointed instrument. They leave from one to fifty, and in some instances, nearly three hundred eggs in each tree, according to its size and capacity to support the future progeny : these soon appear, but it is difficult to detect them until they have acquired a growth of two or three weeks, when they are four or five lines in length. From this period, their growth is accelerated or retarded in proportion to the quantity of nourishment afforded. In general, however, the pupae are formed early in October, in the midst of a conglomera- tion of gum, fibrous and excrementitious matter, and about the close of the mouth the insect issues from the chrysalis, deposits its eggs as before mentioned, and prepares to hybernate, like others of the same tribe, in the roofs of houses, beneath the bark of old trees, &c. The larvae appear in April, assume the nymph state, and accomplish their final transformation in the course of July. Thus, there are two periods in each year assigned for their production and reproduction : nevertheless, individuals may be seen during the whole season, in almost every stage of exist- ence." Having thus ascertained an important part of the natural history of the species, and the inefficiency of the applica- tions hitherto made with a view to prevent its depredations, Mr. Thomas was led to make another experiment, which, he informs us, has been completely successful. "Remove the earth from about the trunk of the tree quite down to the lateral roots, press with the but end of the pruning knife against the bark in differ- ent places ; if it appears to adhere firmly, and no gum or moisture issues, a thin coat of the composition described below, may be applied both above and beneath the surface, by a brush or wooden spatula, about two inches broad. Then take Canton matting, (or any other similar substance,) cut into pieces of from six to twelve inches in width, according to the size of the tree, and of sufficient length to encircle it; bind one of these around AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 41 the part intended to be secured, by two or three ties of twine or woollen yarn, so that one-half shall be below, and the other half above the surface ; draw earth, divested of grass or rubbish, to the tree, pressing it with the foot, close to the matting. The insects, governed by instinct, will not lay their eggs in the mat- ting, but will seek elsewhere for a situation congenial with their habits. If, however, there is a clammy moisture, or portions of gum adhering to the main stem or roots, these should be regarded as almost certain indications of worms ) every opening, however minute, should be carefully probed, and the direction taken by each worm, ascertained ; cut away that portion of the bark only, of which the interior part has been destroyed, until you arrive at the object of pursuit, which must be removed and killed. Having in this manner extirpated all that are to be found, trim the edges of the wounds neatly, and fill up the cavities with a composition consisting of two parts of fresh cow-dung, one part of leached ashes, to each gallon of which, add a handful of ground plaster-of-paris, and as much water as will reduce the the whole mass to the consistence of a thick paste ; spread a thin coat of this composition over the part to be covered, and then apply the bandage as before directed. As the ants, and several other insects among the wounded trees, exceedingly and materi- ally retard their recovery, I would recommend the part to be washed with common white-wash, and a little flower of sulphur, or snuff sprinkled over it, before the composition is applied. The latter end of April, and the beginning of September, are the most suitable periods, for those accustomed to it, to begin the search." Several other gentlemen have particularly observed the peach insect, and of these we may mention Dr. James Smith, who has given the result of his inquiries, in the sixth volume of the American Farmer, p. 334, and Mr. Reuben Haines, who has published his observations in p. 401, of the same volume. But we think it highly probable, that the practice first proposed by Mr. Shotwell, if carefully and properly carried into effect, will effectually secure the peach tree from the depredations of the jEgeritt exitiosa. Upper figure — Female. Middle figure — Male. Right figure — Exuvia of the Pupa. Left figure — Follicle. 42 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. iEGERiA Omphale. — Specific character. Body red ; abdo- men behind and dorsal line black, with blue spots. Cosmosoma Omphale Hubner, fig. 1. 4. £ $ . Desc. Body bright red : head black, with large brilliant blue spots : antennae at tip, whitish ; palpi, second and third joints red ; thorax with a black transverse line before, continued over the wings ; on the anterior part are four blue spots : tergum bright red, with a longitudinal line, abbreviated at base, and tip black ; in which color are four brilliant lateral blue spots, and about seven dorsal ones : venter excepting at base, and each side near the base, black, with a large pure white spot on each side, before the mid- dle ; tuft at tip obsolete : wings hyaline, nervures and margins black ; the black of the tip wide : feet bright red : intermediate tibiae black before : posterior tibiae with a black line before. Obs. This very beautiful species was found by Mr. T. Peale in Florida, and was presented to me, for the present plate, by the Prince of Musignano, with whom I agree in the specific name here adopted from Hubner. The striking contrast of the red and black colors, and the beautiful brilliant vivid azure blue, reflected from the spots of the abdomen, anterior parts of the thorax and the head, render this a highly interesting insect. Lower figure. COENOMYIA. Plate XX. Generic character. Antennae porrect, triarticulate, first joint rather long, cylindrical ; second, cyathiform ; third, conical, eight ringed ; seta none ; palpi elevated ; proboscis short ; scutel bi- dentate ; wings horizontal, crossed upon the tergum. Obs. We are indebted to Latreille for this genus, which has been adopted by Meigen, who, in his European Diptera, describes but a single species as belonging to it. Fabricius gave the name of Sicus to this genus, a designation that Latreille had already applied to a very different group. The present name will there- fore be considered as having the priority. Coenomyia pallida. — Specific character. Wings and abdo- men yellowish-testaceous ; thorax ferruginous. Coenomyia pallida nobis, in Long's Second Expedition. Desc. Head yellowish-testaceous ; orbits beneath and behind, AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 43 dark cinereous ; vertex with an elevated, obtuse, dusky line between the steinmata : thorax ferruginous ; anterior angles a little prominent, rounded and concave behind, with an elevated line reaching to the origin of the wings : scutel color of the thorax : wings pale yellowish-brown, with margined nervures : poisers whitish : feet somewhat paler than the thorax : tergum polished ; posterior segments somewhat sericeous ; second, third, and fourth segments, with three abbreviated series of punctures near their bases. Obs. During the recent journey of Major Long's party to the source of St. Peter's river, I obtained three individuals of this interesting species, the only one yet found in North America. They occured in a small forest of scattered trees, where we halted at our dining hour, in the immediate vicinity of Wennabea's Sauk village on the Pecktannos. None were observed at any subsequent period of the journey. LYCUS. Plate XXI. Generic character. Head retracted ; antennae approximate, much compressed, more or less serrated ; mouth small, produced into a short rostrum ; maxillary palpi much longer than the labials, terminal joint triangular, truncated ; mandibles at tip, entire and acute : elytra thin and flexible, nearly of equal breadth, or much enlarged towards the tip ; thorax receiving and cover- ing the head, rounded before ; penultimate joint of the tarsi bilo- bated. Obs. These insects are somewhat similar in their appearance to the well known " Fire-fly," whose scintillations, on a sum- mer's evening, are scarcely less abundant than the lights of the firmament, which they feebly, and but for a moment, rival. But Lycux is not endowed with the property of yielding light, and it is further distinguished from Lampyris by the somewhat elon- gated mouth, eyes of moderate size, and by the form of the ter- minal joint of the palpi, which is dilated, compressed, and trun- cated at tip. Another kindred genus, Omalisus, of Geoffroy, is in like manner destitute of the curious power of giving light, but the mouth is not rostrated, the second and third joints of the antennae are very short, and the head is only in part covered by the thorax. 44 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. Fabricius separated these insects from Lampyris, under the name of Lycus, (Au*o?,) a word, which, according to Olivier, was employed by Herzychius to designate a species of spider j by Athenaeus for a fish j and by Aristotle for a kind of bird. But the word was commonly used by the Greeks, and by Homer himself to indicate the wolf. In respect to form, the body is, in many instances, somewhat Knear, that is, having the sides approaching to parallelism ; but in the L. latissimus Fabr. of Africa, and the L. pall kit us Fabr. of the Cape of Good Hope, the elytra are so much dilated as to give the species an orbicular appearance ; whilst in other species, as the L. fasciatus Fabr. of Cayenne, these substitutes for an- terior wings are greatly dilated, only toward their posterior ex- tremities. Many have this dilatation, which is more particularly observable in the males. Their colors are chiefly fulvous, violet- black, and sanguineous. The larva is supposed to live in the earth ; the perfect insect is innoxuous, and is found on flowers. Lycus reticulatus. — Specific character. Black ; lateral thoracic margins fulvous ; elytra fulvous, with a band, and ex- tremity, blackish. Lycus ntkulatus Fabr. Syst. Eleut. pt. 2. p. 111. Oliv. Ins. vol. ii. No. 29, p. 7. pi. 1, fig. 7. Desc. Body deep black; polished : antennae exceeding the mid- dle of the elytra, opake : rostrum short : thorax black, the dilated lateral margins a little recurved, fulvous ; an acute carina in the middle ; posterior angles attenuated, prominent and acute : elytra fulvous, with four elevated lines, which are alternately larger, the suture and exterior edge are also elevated ; interstitial spaces with numerous transverse elevated lines; near the base is a broad black band, which nearly reaches the middle, and is continued along the suture to the base ; a much dilated terminal black band, which does not reach the middle ; both these bands are slightly tinged with violaceous : wings blackish, the nervures margined with whitish : feet sericeous. Obs. This species may well be said to inhabit North America, for it would seem to be found in almost every part of it, except- ing, perhaps, the region beyond the Rocky Mountains, and the more northern inhospitable solitude of Canada. I have received AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 45 it from Mr. Holmes of Maine, and have myself found specimens in Missouri, North-West Territory, and East Florida. In Penn- sylvania it is very common. The elytra of the male, are more dilated behind than those of the female. The upper left figure of the plate. [Belongs to Calopteron Guer., (Digrapha Newman, Charac- tus\. Dej.) — Lec] Lycus TERMINALIS. — Specific character. Black ; thorax with fulvous lateral margins ; elytra fulvous, with a black tip. Lycus terminalis nobis, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. iii. p. 178. Desc. Body deep black, polished ; antennae reaching the middle of the elytra, opake : rostrum short : thorax black, the dilated lateral margins a little recurved, fulvous : an acute carina in the middle ; posterior angles attenuated, prominent, acute ; scutel black; elytra fulvous, with four elevated lines, which are alternately a little larger : the suture and exterior edge are also a little ele- vated : interstitial spaces with numerous transverse elevated lines ; terminal third of the surface violaceous-black : wings black- ish at tip ; feet sericeous. Numerous specimens were observed by Major Long's party in Missouri and Arkansaw. They occurred in the prairies on plants, and I found them to be especially abundant near the vil- lage of the Konza Indians. It is, without doubt, closely allied to the preceding, but the anterior band of the elytra is always deficient, the tibice are some- what more dilated, and there seems to be a greater difference of size between the sexes, the male being proportionally smaller. We cannot suppose it to be the L. dimidiatus Fabr., although the general tenor of the description corresponds very well, inas- much as he represents the antennas to be flabellate, with elon- gated serratures, and the base of the elytra to be rufous, whereas, the antennae of this species are similar to those of the reticidatus. The black on the thorax of the female is reduced to a narrow line. The upper right figure of the plate. [Belongs to Cahpteron. — Lec] Lycus sanquinipennis. — Specific character. Thorax black : lateral margin sanguineous : elytra sanguineous, immaculate. 46 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. Lycus sanguinipennis nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. iii. p. 178. Desc. Body deep black, polished : rostrum prominent ; thorax broad, not narrowed before : the transverse diameter exceeding the longitudinal : livid-black ; lateral margins a little recurved, pale sanguineous ; a carinate line on the anterior margin, termi- nating in a groove which extends to the base : posterior angles a little prominent : scutel black : elytra pale sanguineous, with elevated lines, and intervening transverse ones : wings a little dusky, with brown nervures. One individual only, occurred to Major Long's exploring party, near the base of the Kocky Mountains. It is widely distinct from the preceding species. The lower right figure. [I have a species of Cahpteron from Mexico which agrees with the characters here given. — Lec] Lycus perfacetus. — Specific character. Black : thorax each side rufous; elytra striate. Desc. Body deep black : head polished, with a deeply im- pressed longitudinal line : antennae opake, compressed, a little serrated : second joint more than half the length of the third, which is as long as the fourth, though less dilated : thorax some- what unequal, polished black, with broad rufous lateral margins : an impressed longitudinal line ; posterior angles acute : elytra with slightly impressed striae, and rounded interstitial lines : beneath polished black. Obs. Inhabits Pennsylvania. The lower left figure of the plate. [This species is a Dictyopterus Latr., as now restricted : a synonym of it is D. substriatus Lec, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil. 2d ser. 1, 74. — Lec] ICHNEUMON. Plate XXII. Generic character. Antennae more than twenty-jointed ; ab- domen ellipsoidal, composed of more than five segments, and attached to the thorax by a portion only, of its transverse diame- ter, by an abrupt slender peduncle; all. the wings having very distinct nervures ; extremity of the abdomen of the female very AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 47 slightly compressed, not obliquely truncated ; oviduct concealed, or hardly prominent. Obs. As originally instituted by Linne, the genus of this name was extremely abundant in species, and although many divisions have been made by Fabricius and others, the species are still numerous. As I adopt the genus, it corresponds with that of Fabricius and Latreille, and with Cryptus as defined by Lamarck, These insects perform an important part in the operations of nature, inasmuch, as they seem destined to limit the increase of Lepidopterous insects, by destroying their larvae, so injurious to the interests of agriculture. All are parasitic, and in habit they may be compared to the Ichneumon amongst the quadrupeds, an animal said to break the eggs of the crocodile, and even to pene- trate the abdomen of that formidable reptile, in order to devour the living viscera. The female, in this interesting genus, when about to deposit her eggs, becomes very active and impatient, flying from leaf to leaf, in search of a proper nidus ; having found a caterpillar of suitable magnitude, she places her eggs either upon the skin, or by puncturing it, within the body, notwithstanding the convul- sive efforts of prevention made by the victim. I was witness to a somewhat curious fact in relation to one of these insects ; ob- serving an object closely resembling a caterpillar, resting on a leaf, I was preparing to take possesion of it, when an Ichneumon alighted on the leaf, and proceeded to examine the object of my attention ; it ran briskly up to it, and touched it first on one side, and then on the other, with its vibratory antennae ; but it finally departed without any attempt at oviposition. This deportment excited my suspicions in regard to the nature of the supposed caterpillar, and on examining it more closely, I discovered, to my surprise, that it was not the larva of an insect, nor even the remains of one. Thus it appeared, that the Ichneumon, as well as myself, was deceived by its organ of vision, and that another sense was resorted to, in order to ascertain the truth. The larvae disclosed from the eggs of the parent Ichneumon are altogether destitute of feet ; like intestinal worms, they feed on the interior of the body of their Promethean victim, which continues to walk and feed as usual. The depredators are by no means indiscriminate in their choice of food, but prefer the 48 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. adipose part of trie system, and spare the vitals until the former is exhausted. By this selection, the life of the larva is continued until the parasite obtains its full size, and is prepared to enter into the state of pupa. The larva then attaches itself firmly to a fixed surface by means of its feet, and dies. The pupae, secure within, await their destined period in tranquillity, and the in- cluded insects finally emerge from their contracted boundaries, by gnawing a passage through their own indurated covering, as well as through the common integument of the larva. Ichneumon devinctor. — Specific character. Black ; abdo- men rufous ; scutel, annulus of the antennae and of the tibiae, white. Desc. Body black : antenna3 rather short, annulus pure white, commencing at the ninth joint, and extending to the eighteenth: scutel pure white : wings dusky violaceous : abdomen, with the exception of the first segment, bright rufous : tibiae, excepting at base and at tip, pure white : anterior and intermediate tarsi, with the first joint, white at base. Obs. This species is not very common. I obtained a specimen in the North-West Territory. An individual occurred in Mis- souri, that may, perhaps, be only a variety of the present species ; it is smaller, and has ferruginous, instead of white, on the feet. The upper right figure. Ichneumon tjnifasciatorius. — Specific character. Black; annulus of the antennas, two scutellar spots, and band near the base of the abdomen, white. Desc. Body black : front, nasus, and line on the frontal and exterior orbits, white : antennae moderate, with a white annulus beginning at the fifteenth joint, and extending to the twenty-first joint : thorax with two abbreviated white lines on the middle ; an oblique line each side before the wings, wing scale, and small spot beneath the wings, white : scutel white, with a small transverse white spot at its tip : wings fuliginous : abdomen de- pressed, rather slender ; first segment white at tip, forming a band : tibiae white on the exterior side. Obs. This insect is of frequent occurrence in all the Middle States. There is a variety, of which the abdomen is very slightly tinged with rufous. Allied to nigratorius Fabr., but may be dis- tinguished by the band on the first segment of the abdomen, and AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 4i) by the white spot behind the tip of the scutel, and by the two between the anterior wings. The lower right fiirure. Ichneumon centrator. — Specific character. Black; an- tennas annulate ; scut el, and disk of the thorax, ferruginous. Desc. Body black : head dull ferruginous, with a polished, im- pressed, black line at the base of the antennae : antennas with a white annulation, beginning at the seventh joint, and extending to the seventeenth : thorax with the disk between the anterior pair of wings and the scutel, dull ferruginous : tibias dull rufous, excepting at tip : wings dusky violaceous. Ohs. It occurs frequently in Pennsylvania, and as I have found it both in Missouri and the North- Western Territory, it appears to be a pretty general inhabitant of the United States. The lower left figure. Ichneumon brevicinctor. — Specific character. Black; scu- tel and the very short band on the antennas, white. Desc. Body black : head immaculate : antennas with the white annulus beginning at the seventeenth joint, and extending to the twenty-first : thorax immaculate : scutel yellowish-white : wings a little dusky : knees and tibiae of the anterior pair of feet, dull rufous. Obs. In form and general appeVrance, it resembles tinifascia- torus nob., but the different individuals correspond in having the annulus of the antennae very short, and commencing at the seven- teenth joint; in having no spot beyond the tip of the scutel, in having the head immaculate, &c. It also resembles nigratorius Fab., but is much smaller, and is altogether destitute of orbital lines. The upper left figure. LIMENITIS. Plate XXIII. Papilio Lin. — Nymphalis Latr. Generic character. Antennas gradually clubbed ; club slender, hardly compressed, elongate-obconic ; palpi not elongated, second joint not much compressed, the anterior margin not remarkably broader ; anterior pair of feet spurious ; wings not very much longer than broad ; four hinder feet with double nails ; abdomen 4 °0 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. received in a groove, formed by the dilatation of the inner mar- gin of the inferior wings. Obs. This is one of the numerous modern genera of Papilioni- des, that are eminently remarkable by the feeble, abbreviated, and incomplete anterior feet of the species of which they are com- posed. These feet are usually so short, as to be altogether use- less for the purpose of locomotion ; they are habitually applied against the breast, and are altogether destitute of nails. The larvae are elongated, and feed on leaves, and the chrysalids are suspended by the tail, with the head towards the earth. For the genus Limenitis, we are indebted to Fabricius ; but this learned author has not left us sufficiently obvious characters, by which to distinguish it from his closely allied genus Apatura. We are, in fact, inclined to consider them both as sub-genera, as well as many other of the Fabrician genera of Lepidoptera. Limenitis arthemis. — Specific character. Brown-black ; wings indented, with a common white band, and common margi- nal row of double blue lunules ; a series of six ferruginous dots on the posterior wings ; venter and lateral line, white. Nymph. PhaJ. Arthemis Drury, vol. ii. pi. 10, fig. 3 and 4. Desc. Body black : occiput with two white points ; a short white line behind each eye : palpi white on the exterior side : wings with a broad common \ghite band a little beyond the mid- dle, intersected by the black nervures which are not margined ; a common marginal series of double blue lunules : edge alternat- ing with white and black ; superior wings with three or four white dots beyond the band, but immaculate between the band and base : inferior wings with a serious of six fulvous dots between the white band and marginal lunules : beneath fulvo-ferruginon?, with the white band, marginal lunules,- white and black alternat- ing lines of the edge, and white spots of the superior wings, as distinct as those of the superior surface ; superior wings, between the white band and base, dark purplish, with two fulvous spots, and two or three whitish or bluish ones ; inferior wings dull ful- vous between the band and base, with three or four brighter spots, which are interspersed with bluish : pleura with about three white spots at the base of the wings, and another at the base of the superior wings : coxae with a white spot : anterior AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 51 pair of feet, white before : abdomen with a white line each side, and a broader one on the venter. Obs. This beautiful insect, occurred sparingly in the North- Western Territory, during the advance of Major Long's expedi- tion towards lake Winnepec. I also found it at that lake, as well as at the Lake of the Woods, and in other parts of Upper Canada. On the expedition to the Rocky Mountains, I obtained several specimens in Arkansaw, and Mr. Nuttall has recently sent me one from Cambridge. Drury first described this insect ; his figure is that of a small specimen. The plate represents two views of the insect, of the natural size. DIC.ELUS. Plate XXIY. Generic character. Mandibles destitute of an articulated nail at tip; palpi six, terminal joint, obconic, truncated; anterior tibiae emarginate ; two anterior tarsi dilated in the male, and furnished beneath, with dense, granuliform papillae ; antennae filiform ; labrum emarginated, and with a longitudinal indented line ; posterior thoracic angles, covering the humeral angles. Obs. As respects number of species, this is a limited group of insects. Their aspect is, however, striking and peculiar, the body being large, dilated, and depressed, with profoundly indented striae on their elytra ; the posterior angles of the thorax extend far backward, covering the base of the elytra, so as to present no interval between thorax and abdomen. Our great master, Linne, would have placed these insects in his comprehensive genus Carabus, which in the modern system, is a large family, dis- tinguished by the name of Carabidse, and containing nearly ninety genera, of which the present is one. The genus Dicselvs, was established by Professor Bonelli, of Turin, in an excellent essay, entitled " Observations Entomologiques," which was pub- lished in the Memoirs of the Imperial Academy of Turin. Dic,elus violaceus. — Specific character. Above and beneath violaceous-black ; antennae, mouth, and feet, black. Dicselus violaceus Bonelli, Obs. Entom. in Mem. de 1' Acad. Imper. de Turin. And the author, in the Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. vol. ii. New Series, p. 67. 52 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. Desc. Head black, obsoletely tinged with purplish : mouth and antennae, black : thorax with the disk black, faintly tinged with violaceous ; this color is very obvious on the lateral edge, and posterior margins ; lateral a little excurved near the poste- rior angles : elytra deeply striated ; the disk is less distinctly violaceous than the margin, and in a particular light, their color exhibits a slight greenish tinge ; beneath violaceous, and more particularly so on each side : epipleura bright violaceous. Obs. It seems probable, that this species is not an inhabitant of the northern part of the United States, or if found at all in this region, it is certainly very rare. It is, without doubt, chiefly limited in its range to the southern and south-western States, but it is not known to be abundant any where. In my specimen, the second and third interstitial lines of each elytrum, are connected near the base by a transverse line, but this is very possibly not a permanent character. It is now figured for the first time. The upper right figure. DiCiELUS splendidus. — Specific character. Thorax viola- ceous ; elytra cupreous brilliant. Dicxlus splendidus nobis, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. vol. ii. New Series, p. 69. Desc. Head black : thorax hardly perceptibly narrowed at base ; the posterior part of the lateral edge is not in the slightest degree excurved, but proceeds rectilinearly to the posterior angle ; lateral and posterior margins depressed, lateral edge reflected ; color blackish-violaceous on the disk, and more vivid violaceous on the lateral and posterior margins : elytra highly polished, bril- liant red coppery, exhibiting in a particular light a green reflec- tion ; humeral carina extending two-thirds the length of the elytra ; striae profoundly impressed : beneath bluish-purple : feet black. Obs. This is by far the most beautiful species of the genus, yet discovered. When the rays of light fall perpendicularly on the surface of the elytra, a highly brilliant reddish-coppery color is exhibited, but when the rays are reflected at a considerably angle, the tint changes to a fine polished green. The specimen was brought from the Missouri, by Mr. Thomas Nuttall. The upper left figure. AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 53 DiC^ELUS dilatatus. — Specific character. Black, inipunc- tured ; striae obsoletely punctured towards the tip. Dicsehts dilatatus nobis, Trans. Anier. Philos. Soc. vol. ii. New Series, p. 68. Desc. Head black : palpi blackish-piceous : antennae brown towards the tip : thorax entirely black ; margins depressed ; late- ral edge slightly reflected ; base very slightly wider than any other part ; lateral edge nearly rectilinear, very slightly incurved before, and not at all excurved near the posterior angles : elytra totally black ; striae profound, very slightly punctured towards the tip : feet piceous. Obs. This species is an inhabitant of Pennsylvania, and may be occasionally found under stones and other objects, which rest loosely on the soil. Its color is a uniform black, without any tint of those gay colors for which the two preceding species are remarkable. The lower left figure. Dklelus sculptilis. — Specific character. Black; elytra with irregularly serpentine striae. Dicxhis sculptilis nobis, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. vol. ii. New Series, p. 68. Desc. Body entirely black, immaculate : thorax very slightly widest at base ; the lateral edge not at all excurved near the basal angle, and the commencement of the anterior curvature of this edge is at the middle of its length ; elytra with their striae very irregularly serpentine j the interstitial lines are irregular and unequal on their sides, and exhibit a very few adventitious punctures, with raised centres. Obs. Very distinct from the foregoing species, by the singular irregularity, and sculptured appearance, of the striae of the elytra. It was discovered in Missouri by Mr. Thomas Nuttall, and has not been found in the Atlantic States. The lower right figure. [Occurs in western Pennsylvania. — Lec] MANTISPA. Plate XXV. Generic character. Antennae filiform, but little longer than the head, the joints transverse ; eyes prominent; thorax having the anterior segment elongated, cylindric-clavate, supporting the 54 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. anterior pair of feet at its anterior extremity ; anterior feet ad- vanced, very conspicuous, cheliferous, the basal joint very much elongated ; wings reticulated, deflected. Obs. A very small, but singular and natural group of insects, allied to Mantis, and also to Rcvphidia. Linne placed a species, which he described under the name now adopted as generic, in the genus Raphidia, and Lamarck assents to an alliance with that genus, by placing Mantispa immediately next to Rcvphidia, in his system. Latreille, who formed the genus, and most other authors, refer it to the same family with Mantis and Spectrum ; indeed, in the Regne Animal, it is considered a mere sub-genus of Mantis. But if we adhere rigidly to the characters of the order Hemip- tera,* in which the superior wings are stated to be coriaceous or of a different consistence from the inferior pair, the genus Man- tispa* notwithstanding its acknowledged affinity with Mantis, will be altogether excluded from that order. In construction, num- ber, and consistence of the wings, from which the characters of these grand divisions are derived, it is beyond a doubt a Neurop- terous genus, and we adopt Lamarck's arrangement in this re- spect. It is distinguished from all the other genera of this order, by the particular form of the anterior feet. These insects are not quiescent in the nymph state, or that condition which corresponds to the chrysalis state of the butter- fly, but they remain active, as in the larva. • Mantispa brunnea. — Specific character. Light brown ; antennae fuscous, light brown at the extremity; wings with a very broad, brown margin. Mantispa brunnea nobis, Long's Expedition to the sources of 8t. Peters' river, vol. ii. p. 309. Desc. — Male. Antennae short : posterior and inferior orbits, yellow: thorax, first segment obtusely wrinkled or undulated transversely ; anterior margin black, sub-margin yellow ; base black, with a yellow, transverse, angulated line : scutel yellow : metathorax yellow on the posterior edge : pleura bilineate, with yellow : wings with a broad, light brown costal margin and tip : * There is confusion here : Mantis belongs to the order Orthoptera, for which Hemiptera has heen substituted by a probably clerical error. — Lec. AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 00 feet, intermediate and posterior pairs, with yellow tibiaj and tarsi, a rufous spot being near the knee ; anterior thighs blackish on the inner side, with a yellow exterior inferior margin, and numer- ous spines on the inferior edge, of which one is very prominent : tergum, at the base of the first and second segments, black, the former margined with yellow : venter black at base, segments broadly margined with yellow. Female. The yellow color, and marginings, excepting on the feet, and on the first segment of the thorax, obsolete ; the wings are darker than those of the male, and the hyaline portion of the wings is tinctured with a shade of the general color. Obs. A specimen of the female of this curious insect, was pre- sented to me, some time since, by Mr. William Mason, of this city ; it was found near Philadelphia, by Mr. Tyler. I had the good fortune to find a male, when travelling with Major Long's party on St. Peters' river, in the North- West Territory. The middle figure represents the male, and the lower figure the female. On the right is an enlarged view of the head, with the antennas, and part of the thorax, and on the left, is an en- larged view of an anterior foot. Mantispa interrupta. — Specific character. Wings hyaline, with a narrow ferruginous costal margin, widely interrupted near the tip. Desc. Body pale : antennae rather slender, perfectly filiform, not differently colored at tip, but somewhat paler at base : thorax, anterior segment rather long, annulate, with slightly elevated obtuse lines, which give it a somewhat wrinkled appearance ; two small tubercles before the middle, placed transversely ; posterior segment greenish-yellow, with a longitudinal brown line, and another on each side above the wing : wings alike, hyaline, the ferruginous costal margin is narrow, interrupted beyond the car- pus, so as to leave only a spot at tip of the wing ; on the sub- margin, is an irregular quadrate dark fuscous spot, confluent with the carpus ; the ferruginous margin of the superior wing, is paler towards the base : postpectus, and intermediate and posterior feet, pale greenish-yellow, the front of the former dusky : tergum pale reddish-fulvous, incisures, and vertebral line, blackish : venter pale yellow, Obs. The annexed figure is taken from the only specimen I 56 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. have seen. It alighted on the apron of a gig, near this city ; and was carefully secured by Mr. James P. Parke, who kindly pre- sented it to me. It remained lively and active for several days in a glass vessel on my table, and I was frequently amused by its dexterity in catching the flies which were introduced for its nourishment. It moved very slowly and cautiously towards its victim, and when at the proper distance, the fore-feet were thrown forwards, and again retracted, with a rapidity of motion that the eye could not follow, bringing the fly with them to the mouth. These feet are used almost exclusively as arms and hands, in various positions for the convenience of mastication ; they are rarely used in locomotion, but when the insect advances by means of the other feet, these are folded up, and rest on each side of the long anterior segment of the thorax. The two or three flies first given to this little animal, were entirely devoured, so that not a fragment remained ; but having abated its hunger it ex- tracted the fluids chiefly, of those afterwards placed within its reach. The upper figure ; below, is an enlarged representation of a wing, and a posterior foot. BUPRESTIS. Plate XXVI. Body firm ; head vertically inserted in the thorax to the eyes ; antennae short, filiform, serrated ; palpi very short, filiform, or but slightly enlarged towards the tip ; mandibles entire at tip ; maxillae bifid at the extremity ; thorax with its posterior edge applied to the base of the elytra, the posterior angles not elon- gated; anterior margin of the pectus advanced towards the mouth, its opposite extremity elongated in the form of a horn, which is received into a sinus of the postpectus, and is not con- cealed in it ; feet short, tarsi dilated, somewhat triangular, the penultimate one bilobated. Obs. A large and very natural assemblage of insects, remain- ing at the present day, nearly as it was founded by Linne. A few of his smaller species have been separated from it, by Fabri- cius, under the name of Trachys, chiefly distinguished by the shorter, more dilated, and sub-triangular form of the body. Two or three very small species, discovered since his time, and referred to this genus by Fabricius and Olivier, have been generic-ally AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 57 separated by Latreille, with the name of Ajyham'sticus ; these have clavate antennae. The family Buprcstiadpc, consisting of the above mentioned genera, is closely allied to that of Elatcridse. But all the species of the latter group, are endowed with the power of leaping, by an abrupt inflection of the anterior portion of the body ; their tarsi, also, are simple, without any dilatation of the basal joints. Many of these insects are gaily ornamented with the most splendid colors, which often shine with a metallic brilliancy. Some have a general coppery tint, whilst others present the beautiful contrast of fine yellow spots and lines, on a polished green or blue surface, and others exhibit the appearance of burnished gold, inlaid on emerald or ebony. In fine, all that is rich and brilliant in colors, may be observed in the decoration of these insects. They in general, walk slowly, though some run with considerable agility ; they rise on the wing with facility, and fly with ease and rapidity. Many elude their enemies by folding their feet and antennae close to the body, and falling, apparently dead, to the earth. The females have a coriaceous appendage at the posterior part of the abdomen, composed of three pieces ; this is probably the oviduct, by means of which, they deposit their eggs in old wood, where the larvae lives until its change into the perfect state. Their existence in the perfect state is but short, appear- ing to be devoted almost exclusively to the great object of con- tinuing the race. Though beautiful and rare, the species are very numerous, and upwards of two hundred are now known ; of these, the largest and most splendid, are inhabitants of the American continent. A species of Buprestis, has furnished us with a remarkable in- stance of insect longevity; the following is extracted from a communication, by Mr. Marsham, to the Linnean Society. (See vol. x. p. 399.) Mr. J. Montague, on going to his desk in the office of Works at Guildhall, observed an insect which had been seen by his brother in the early part of the day, endeavoring to extricate it- self from the wood, which formed part of the desk ; he carefully released it from the cell, and it proved to be Buprestis splendens of Fabricius, full of strength and vigor. The desk had been fixed 99 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. in the office twenty-two years before, and was made of fir wood, imported from the Baltic. That the insect existed in the wood before the desk was made, was proved by the fact of the channel formed by the insect having been then transversely cut. The word Buprcstis, is derived from the Greek (ixirpwrit) but to what insect that ancient people applied the word, is not known with certainty at the present day. The Romans, also, held the same insect to be poisonous, and their civilians recommended the punishment of the law to be inflicted upon those persons who rashly administered, internally, those poisonous insects, the pithyocampas, (JBombyx pibhyocampa Fabr.,) and the Bujjrestis. It is evident, however, that they had no reference to any indi- vidual of this family, inasmuch as no one of the species is capa- ble of inflicting a serious injury on any of the larger animals. But as the ancient Buprestis was stated to be endowed with the power of destroying even the ox, it is conjectured that the Greeks thus designated a vesicating insect, such as a Mylahris, a Lytta, or, according to some authors, a Carahus, the two former of which, when taken into the stomach, produce the most serious effects on the animal economy, and even death itself, under the most afflicting circumstances. Buprestis rufipes. — Specific character. Elytra, each with four yellow spots, of which the basal one is longitudinal. Buprestis rufijies Oliv. Ins. vol. ii. No. 32, p. 16, pi. 7, fig. 73, a, b. Fabr. Syst. Eleut. pt. 2, p. 188, No. 13. Encyc. Meth. No. 15. Herbst, Natur. pt. ix. p. 79, pi. 140, fig. 3. Desc. Body green, polished, slightly tinged with brassy : head rough with deeply impressed confluent punctures ; an obsolete im- pressed line on the vertex, becoming elevated on the front : antenna? rufous : thorax with small distinct profound punctures, and an impressed spot before the scutel : elytra with narrow, deep stria? and, at tip, bidentated : an abbreviated fulvous vitta originates near the humerus, and extends near to the middle ; a transverse, abbreviated, undulated fulvous band, a little beyond the middle, does not cpuite reach the suture ; intermediate between this band and the tip of the elytra, is another undulated one, of the same color ; at the tip, is also a narrow band : pectus greenish-violace- ous ; a dilated vitta in .the middle, and another each side, fulvous ; the latter on its anterior part passes a little above the edge of the AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 59 thorax, and is in some specimens continued backwards to the base of the thorax, forming a margin on that part, but not cover- ing the edge ; postpectus green, tinged with brassy, and some- what sericeous ; a yellow spot near the middle, and two or three on each side : feet rufo-violaceous : venter rufo-violaceous, more or less varied with green, particularly at the base, and with three series of obscure fulvous spots, two of which are lateral. Obs. One of the largest species of North America, at the same time very beautifully ornamented. Fabricius quotes Petiver's work, and states its native region to be Maryland ; Olivier observes that it is in found in Carolina ; I obtained a specimen in Missouri, when with Major Long's party in that country, and another has been found in Pennsylvania ; but in this state they must be extremely rare. The lower right figure. [Belongs to Ancylochira Esch. — Lec] Buprestis fasciata. — Specific character. Green brilliant; elytra with a yellow band and spot. Buprestis fasciata Herbst, Natur. Syst. vol. ix. p. 162, pi. 145, fig. 22. Fabr. Syst. Eleut. pt. 2, p. 191, No. 31. Oliv. Ins. vol. ii. No. 32, sp. 22, pi. 9, fig. 92. Desc. Body highly polished, green with a brassy tinge, punc- tured ; head confidently punctured ; thorax more densely punc- tured on the anterior portion ; on the middle of the posterior margin a distinct indentation; elytra striate, the striae punc- tured : a yellow undulated band behind the middle, with a dark violaceous areola ; midway between the band and the tip, is a yel- low spot on each elytrum, with a dark violaceous areola ; tip bi- dentate ; beneath immaculate ; feet of the same color as the body. Obs. This beautiful insect was sent to me by Mr. E. Holmes of Gardiner Lyceum, Maine. The authors quoted in our syno- nyms, observe that it inhabits North America, without mention- ing any particular part of the continent in which it was found. I had supposed it to be a native of the Southern States, and was therefore surprised to receive it from the northern extremity of the Union. In his description of this species, Olivier remarks, that " on voit quelquefois un point fauve vers le milieu de chaque elytre, entoure de bleu," and this he represents in his plate, but I have only a single specimen, and reference to another in the 60 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. collection of the Philadelphia Museum, both corresponding with the annexed figure. Herbst describes Olivier's variety as a distinct species under the name of C. maculata, (vol. ix. p. 163, pi. 148, fig. 5,) with- out any reference to Olivier. [Also an Ancylocliira. — Lec] The upper right figure. Buprestis confluenta [confluens]. — Specific character. Green, polished, punctured ; elytra with confluent yellow spots. Buprestis confluenta nobis, Journ. Acad Nat. Sci. vol. iii. p. 159. Desc. Body bright green, punctured ; head densely and con- fluently punctured ; an obsolete indented longitudinal line, more distinct on the vertex : antennae purplish, the basal joint rufous : thorax densely and confluently punctured, more particularly on the anterior and lateral margins ; in the middle of the disk, these punctures are somewhat sparse : scutel rounded, convex : elytra striate, slightly tinged with violaceous ; the striae and interstitial lines, slightly punctured ; very numerous transversely confluent light yellow dots : tip slightly obliquely truncated, acute at the suture, but not mucronate or dentate : edge entire ; tarsi pur- plish-brown. Obs. I cannot find any notice of this very fine insect in any attainable author, and having never obtained an individual in the Atlantic States, I think it highly probable that it is altogether limited in its range to the Western region. A specimen was presented to me, when at Fort Osage on the Missouri river, by Lieut. Scott, of the Rifle regiment, a gentle- man, whose extraordinary skill as a marksman, has almost passed into a proverb in that country. I obtained two other specimens during the progress of Major Long's exploring party towards the mountains. The thorax varies in being in some specimens of a bright blue color, in others purplish. The lower left figure. [Also an Ancylocliira. — Lec] Buprestis campestris. — Specific character. Elytra serrate, quadrilineate ; beneath' canaliculate. Buprestis campestris nobis, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. vol. iii. p. 165. Desc. Head rugous, with large confluent punctures : front con- AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 61 cave ; antennae purple-black, the first and second joints green- ish-cupreous ; thorax unequal, with large confluent punctures each side, and canaliculate along the middle : posterior angles acute : scutel very small, transverse suborbicular, indented on the middle : elytra with four distant, somewhat elevated lines, and one or two near the suture : in the interstitial spaces are ir- regular, slightly elevated transverse lines, hardly visible to the un- assisted eye : before the middle of each elytrum, is a large, very slightly impressed spot, and another similar one, is rather behind the middle ; there is also a very small common indented spot on the suture, opposite to the former spot ; exterior edge serrated, from near the middle to the tip ; tip simple, somewhat acute ; beneath cupreous, polished : a brilliant dilated coppery line extends from the mouth to the pectus ; a large groove originates on the anterior part of the pectus, and terminates on the second seg- ment of the venter : tarsi dusky bluish. Obs. This is one of our largest species, and although far less agreebly decorated than the preceding, is yet distinguished by a more uniform garb of polished metallic coloring. I captured the specimen when descending the Arkansaw river, with a detachment of Major Long's exploring party. The upper left figure. [A Chalcophora closely allied to, or more probably, identical with Buprestis substrigosa Lap. and Gory.; the latter species occurs from New York to Missouri. Specimens from the original locality would however be desirable for comparison ; the figure is badly executed. — Lec] VANESSA. Plate XXVII. Generic character. Antennae terminated by an abrupt short club ; palpi contiguous, even at the extremity, the two combined, resembling a rostrum ; anterior pair of feet in both sexes, short and very hairy ; the two posterior pairs of tarsi, with double nails. Obs. The species which constitute the Fabrician genus Van- essa, were referred by Linne" to his comprehensive genus Papilio. The larvae or caterpillars in this genus, live on plants of little altitude, and are often gregarious ; they are armed with numer- ous, long, rigid, dentated spines, which, like the quills of the 62 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. Hedgehog, constitute their only defensive weapons. The chrysa- lids are attached to a fixed object by the tail, and in this reversed posture quietly wait for the period of final emancipation and per- fection. The larva or caterpillar state of insects, has been aptly stated by the great Linne, to be a masked condition of the animal, con- cealing beneath its rude vermicular garb all the parts of the future perfect insect; the pupa he compared to an infant en- veloped in swaddling clothes, after the old fashion. The pupa of some species of the present genus presents a singular appearance : two elevations on the head resemble horns, and a prominence upon the back represents a nose of the human face, and but little aid of fancy is required to assimilate such pupae to a grotesque mask. Many of these pupae are worthy of the name of chrysa- lids, by which they were formerly distinguished, being splendidly decorated with spots, resembling burnished gold, and silver. Vanessa furcillata. — Specific character. Wings angular, with a common fulvous band, and two fulvous spots on the supe- rior wings; beneath, brown, with black lineations. Desc. Superior wings above black, with a broad fulvous sub- marginal band, which is bifid at the costal margin, having the exterior division terminated by a white spot, and the inner division by a pale yellow one; between the band and the base of the wing, are two fulvous transverse spots ; costal rib near the base, with yellow variegations ; inferior wings above black, with a broad fulvous sub-marginal band, and on the black margin is a series of six or seven small sublunate purplish-ophalescent spots ; all the wings are blackish, with very numerous transverse blacker lineations, some of which are undulated, and deep velvet black ; a common pale brownish broad sub-marginal band also with the blackish lineations ; antennae yellow at tip of the club ; venter dull whitish. Obs. This pretty species we observed several times in the North-West Territory, during the progress of the late expedition under the command of Major S. H. Long, over that region. In the vicinity of Fort William, an establishment of the Hudson Bay Fur Company, it frequently occurred in the month of Sep- tember whilst the party remained at that place. It is closely AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 68 allied to poh/cJUoros and urticse, of Europe, but is sufficiently dis- tinct from either. The plate presents two views of the insect. CRYPTOCEPHALUS. Plate XXVIII. Generic character. Body short, robust, cylindric ; head verti- cal ; antenna) inserted between the eyes, simple, filiform, more than half the length of the body ; palpi terminating with a conie- cylindric joint, maxillary palpi very apparent. Obs. Many of this group are agreeably ornamented with colored spots and lines. They were mingled with the Ghrywmelst by Linne, from which they may be known by the more cylindrical form of the body, and by the abrupt deflection of the head, f-i these characters, the present genus corresponds with Clyihra, to which it is more closely allied than to any other ; but the an- tennas of Glythra are short and serrated, instead of being long, simple, and filiform, as in the genus before us. The genu? Gryptocephah'.s was established by Geoffroy, and has been adopted by the greater number of entomologists who have written since his time. These insects feed on vegetables, and many of the species are very injurious to useful plants, by devouring then- leaves and buds. The larva is furnished with six scaly feet, which are situated near the head ; some of the species in the larva state protect themselves from the ardor of the sun, and from the attacks of their enemies, by fabricating a cylindrical covering, closed at one end, into which they can withdraw every part of the body ; it is generally composed of small grains of vegetable and excrementitious matter, agglutinated together by a viscoxis excretion from the body. With the head and feet protruded from this little domicil, and carrying it erect with respect to their pathway, the artificer proceeds at a slow pace, in quest of food. The perfect insect is also slow in its movements, and on the approach of danger, it counterfeits death by retracting the feet and antennas close to the body, and permitting itself to fall from any height to the ground. Cryptocephalus ornattis. — Specific character. Reddish- brown ; thorax with the margin and two spots, yellow ; elytra yellow, with two black vittas on each. 64 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. Cryptocephalus ornatus Fabr. Syst. Eleut. pt. 2, p. 47, no. 32. Ooqueb. Illustr. Icon. Insect, p. 129, pi. 29, fig. 10, a. b. Desc. Body reddish -brown : antennae black, five basal joints pale reddish-yellow ; orbital line yellow : thorax with the anterior and lateral margins yellow, the edge black; base with two yellow, oblique abbreviated lines, curvilinearly united over the scutel, so as to form an arc of a circle: elytra pale yellow, with two black, abbreviated vittse on each, and a black suture ; the lateral vitta originates on the humerus, and terminates near the tip; the inner one is oblique, and becomes confluent with the suture a little beyond the middle; the common black sutural vitta includes the scutel at base, and does not reach the tip ; edge all round, black ; anal segment with an obscure yellow arc. Obs. The ornatus of Herbst, in Fuessly's Archives, and of Olivier in the Encyc. Method, is quite a different insect from the present ; but as that is an uncertain species, we prefer retain- ing the name for our insect. This species is an inhabitant of various parts of the United States. I have found it in the middle and southern States, at the Kocky Mountains, and in the North-Western Territory. It is subject to vary, in having the exterior vitta of the elytra so widely interrupted in its continuity, as to exhibit only two re- mote spots. The upper right figure. [Not the Fabrician species according to Suffrian (Linn. Ent. 6, 241) and named by him C. calidus. Much confusion exists among our striped Cryptocepliali, and examination is still neces- sary to distinguish species from races and varieties. — Lec] Cryptocephalus confluenttjs [confltjens]. — Specific char- acter. Rufous ; elytra yellow, trilineate with black ; the inner line confluent with the suture beyond the middle. Cryptocephalus conflucnttis nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences, vol. iii. p. 440. Desc. Body yellowish-rufous : head impunctured, yellow ; a rufous spot on the vertex, and another surrounding the base of each antenna : antennae black, pale at base : thorax impunctured ; anterior and lateral margins yellowish ; lateral submargin more deeply rufous than the disk : scutel black : elytra pale yellow, with punctured striae ; three longitudinal, nearly parallel black AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 65 lines on each elytron, the interior line confluent with the suture near the tip : edge all round, black : beneath rufous. Obs. The similarity of this species with the preceding, is ob- vious, and even striking; but it is specifically distinguished by the existence of two black lines on the elytra, in place of the exte- rior one of that insect. I obtained several specimens near the Rocky Mountains, when with Major Long's party in that region, but it does not appear to be an inhabitant of the Atlantic States. The upper left figure. Cryptocephalus bivittatus. — Specific character. Yellow- ish-rufous, punctured • elytra yellow, with two vitta, and sutural edge black. Cryptocephalus birittatus nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences, vol. iii. p. 440. Desc. Body yellowish-rufous, punctured : orbits yellow : front with a longitudinal indented line : thorax with dense impressed punctures ; lateral margin and an abbreviated obsolete dorsal line originating at the anterior edge, more distinctly yellow : scutel black : elytra irregularly and densely punctured, one or two regular series of punctures on the exterior margin; color yellow; each elytrum with a broad black vitta originating midway be- tween the humerus and scutel, and not reaching the tip; another vitta, less dilated than the preceding, takes its rise at the hume- rus, and terminates a little beyond the tip of the preceding vitta; it is generally interrupted into two or three spots : beneath very pale rufous : postpectus varied with dusky. Obs. I obtained this species near the Rocky Mountains, whilst descending the Arkansaw river with Major Long's exploring party. It is at once distinguishable from its companions on the annexed plate, by the confused and dense puncturation of its elytra. • The middle figure. [This is a variety of Pachybrachys viduatus according to Suf- frian, Linn. Ent. 7, 154. — Leo.] Cryptocephalus viduatus. — Specific character. Black ; thorax with three abbreviated yellow lines ; elytra yellow, with two black vittae. Cryptocephalus viduatus Fabr. Syst. Eleut. pt. 2, p. 49. No. 49. 5 66 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. Dene. Head black, with a yellowish spot at each superior can- thus of the eyes, and another at the mouth : antennae at base yellowish : front with an impressed line : thorax densely punc- tured ; anterior and lateral margins yellow, tinged with rufous : a yellow abbreviated line commences at the middle of the ante- rior margin, and terminates at the middle of the disk ; two dis- tant yellow abbreviated lines arise from the basal margin, and terminate each side of the middle of the disk : scutel black : elytra yellow, with striae of impressed punctures : two dilated black vittae, of which one originates on the humerus, and does not reach the tip, the other is rather shorter, originating midway between the preceding and the scutel, and hardly approaching the suture at its tip ; suture black : anal segment whitish ; be- neath black : feet rufous. Obs. I obtained the specimen from which this description and the figure were taken, on the bank of the Mississippi river, above the confluence of the Ohio. Some doubts may reasonably be entertained, respecting the identity of this insect and the viduatus of Fabricius, on account of its smaller size, and the character of " pedibus variegatus," attributed to this insect by that author. But as the present specimen corresponds with his description in every other respect, and as the difference in magnitude may be dependent on sex alone, I have ventured to refer it to that spe- cies. It is now figured for the first time. [Different from the Fabrician species according to Suffrian, who (Linn. Ent. 7, 227) has named it Pacliybrachi/s litigiosus. — Leg.] The lower right figure. Cryptocephalus OTHONUS. — Specific character. Black ; thorax with a narrow margin and abbreviated line, dull fulvous ; elytra yellowish, with two black vittae. Desc. Head with small dense punctures ; black, with two trian- gular yellow or rufous spots at the superior canthi of the eyes : antennae yellowish at base : thorax black, confluently punctured, with a narrow margin all round, and a dorsal line extending from the anterior edge to the middle, dull fulvous : scutel black : elytra dull yellowish-white, with two broad black vittae abbreviated near the tip, the exterior one originates at the humerus, and the other takes its rise on the basal margin, midway between the ex- AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 67 terior vitta and the scutel, it does not approach the suture at its tip ; sutural edge black ; the series of punctures are rather large and profoundly impressed : beneath black, punctured : feet pale testaceous. Obs. This is the C. bivittatus of Melsheimer's Catalogue; I certainly would have adopted his name, had I not inadvertently pre-occupied it with the description of the preceding species, before I was acquainted with this insect. It can be readily per- ceived to be specifically distinct from either of those represented with it on the accompanying plate, by the confluent density of the thoracic punctures, as well as by its colors and their arrange- ment. The lower left figure. [Belongs to Pachybracliys. — Lec.} SCOLIA. Plate XXIX. Generic character.. Thorax with the first segment very much arcuated and contracted on the posterior middle ; antenna) robust, with short close set joints ; the first joint long, cylindrical ; second joint distinct; superior wings not folded; radial cellule detached at tip from the anterior edge of the wing ; cubital cellules two or three, the last one remote from the tip of the wing, the first one placed on the same longitudinal line with the radial cellule ; eyes emarginate ; stemmata three ; thighs thick, arcuated in the females, compressed ; tail three spined in the males. Obs. A genus, in some respects, closely allied to Tiphia and Plesia, but at once distinguishable by the emarginated eyes. The thighs are remarkable for their thickness and curvature. The form of the cubital cellules varies considerably, but to a determinate and limited extent. In the distribution of the nervures of the wings, Jurine remarks, they present more re- markable anomalies, than are to be found in any other hymenop- terous insects; "it would seem that nature, in circumscribing the extent of the cubital cellules, has amused herself with vary- ing them in several respects of manner and form, supplying to one part what she retrenches from another." Latreille has availed himself of these anomalies, to form divisions of the numerous species of this genus. This author gives the following account of the species : Many of them are of a large size, and 68 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. inhabit warm and temperate climates exclusively. In Europe, the larger species begin to appear about the forty-third degree of latitude. Their metamorphosis is unknown, but Mr. Latreille supposes that their larvae are parasitical, from the circumstance of his not having seen the parents transport larvae, spiders, &c, to feed their young. They frequent arid, sandy places, and feed on the contents of the nectary of flowers. SCOLIA CONFLUENTA [CONFLUENS ?]. — Specific character. Black ; tergum trifasciate with yellow. Scolia confiuenta nobis, Western Quarterly Reporter, vol. ii. p. 74. Desc. Body deep black ; antennae short, arcuated : front, occi- put with yellowish cinereous hair : thorax immaculate, with yel- lowish cinereous hair before : wings tinged with ferruginous : nervures ferruginous : cubital cellules two, the second receiving two recurrent nervures : metathorax acutely edged and hairy above ; behind concave and very rugous, with elevated, abbre- viated, transverse lines, and a longitudinal one : tibiae rugous, armed with prominent spines : abdomen, segments ciliated on the edge : tergum trifasciate with yellow ; first band with a small black dot on the middle of the anterior edge ; second band widely and deeply emarginated on the anterior middle, and rather abruptly narrowed on the side ; third band composed of two con- fluent triangles, which are marked by a small black transverse dot near the exterior angle of each. Obs. This fine species inhabits Arkansaw ; it agrees with the description of fossulana Fabr., excepting that it has but three bands on the tergum. The upper figure. SCOLIA OCTO-MACULATA. — Specific character. Thorax black, scutel with a yellow line ; tergum four-spotted each side. Scolia octo-maculata nobis, West Quart. Report, vol. ii. p. 74. Head black, with the vertex, basal joint of the antennae, ante- rior margin of the clypeus, and base of the mandibles, dull rufous : thorax black, anterior segment, and two spots before the scutel, obsoletely dull rufous : scutel with a yellow line : meta- thorax rufous each side and above : superior wings tinged with purplish ; costal margin rufous to the tip of the cellules : cubital cellules three, the intermediate one petiolated, and receiving two AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 0U recurrent nervures : feet rufous : tergum dusky rufous, with four transversely oval bright yellow spots on each side, of which the anterior one is very small, and the posterior one is nearly extended into a band. Obs. Inhabits various parts of the Union, and is not uncom- mon in Pennsylvania. The wing cells are remarkable ; the in- termediate cubital cellule having two recurrent nervures. The lower figure. Scolia TRICINCTA. — Specific character. Black j collar with two yellow spots ; scutel with one yellow spot ; tergum trifasciate with yellow. Scolia tricincta nobis, Western Quarterly Reporter, vol. ii. p. 74. Desc. Body black : front with obscure yellowish hair: mandi- bles rufous at base : collar with a yellow spot on each side, some- times united : squammula rufous : scutel with a small yellow spot : feet rufous : superior wings dusky on the costal tip, ner- vures ferruginous : cubital cells two, the second receiving one recurrent nervure : tergum with three yellow bands, of which the first and second are nearly, or, quite interrupted in the middle each into two oval spots ; first segment with an obscure piceous band. Obs. The terminal nervure of the radial cellule is so perfectly transverse, that the cellule has not the usual appearance of being- separated at tip from the costal edge of the wing. The species is, notwithstanding this anomaly, a true Scolia. The middle figure. PIERIS. Plate XXX. Generic character. Feet nearly equal ; nails of the tarsi very apparent, bifid or unidentate ; inferior wings dilated beneath the abdomen, so as to form a groove. Obs. This is one of the many genera into which the vast and sumptuous genus Pcqrilio, of Linne, has been separated. "We are indebted for it to Schrank. It nearly corresponds to the group of Danai candicli, and includes the genera Colias, and Pontia of Fabricius, and Gonepteryx of Leach. These butterflies are natives of various regions of the globe : some of them are very frequent in almost every field, and must 70 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. have been noticed by the most casual observer, flitting with a devious direction over the herbage, and on meeting with a com- panion mounting aloft in the air, with a hurried and irregular movement. Some species occasionally alight in great numbers on moist places in roads. The caterpillar is destitute of the retractile tentacula of the neck, and the chrysalis is of an angulated form, attached to a fixed object a by thread passed around the body, the head being- upward. Pieris nicippe. — Specific character. Wings slightly crenate, fulvous ; terminal margin black-brown ; upper pair with a black abbreviated line before the middle on each page ; inferior pair with abbreviated ferruginous lines and spots. Papilio nicippe Cramer, tab. 210, fig. C, D. Herbst, Natur. Ins. pt. 5, p. 176, pi. 107, fig. 3, 4. Desc. The black terminal margin of the upper wings extends along the costal margin nearly to the middle ; the black transverse line on this pair of wings is very short, and consists of two cur- vatures ; this curvilinear line appears also on the inferior surface, which is yellow, very slightly tinged with fulvous on the disk, with a blackish point at each indentation of the edge, and an ovate bright fulvous spot near the base ; the black terminal mar- gin of the inferior wings has a prominent undulation in the mid- dle ; the inferior surface of this pair of wings is yellow, marked by numerous brownish or ferruginous abbreviated transverse lines, a minute black point in the centre of the wing, and two or three more obvious, irregularly undulated, ferruginous, oblique lines : head and thorax above, blackish : antennae blackish, be- neath white, with black incisures : feet whitish : abdomen black, each side with a yellow line : venter with yellow incisures. Obs. It is said by Cramer to inhabit Virginia, but it is also found in Pennsylvania, and in all the Southern States. It is subject to some little variations ; the fine fulvous spot near the base of the inferior surface of the upper wings, is sometimes white, and the oblique lines under the inferior wings, differ in width and distinctness. The plate represents two views of the natural size. AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 71 REDUVIUS Fabr., Latr. Plate XXXI. Generic character. Body not linear; thorax sub-bilobate ; ros- tellum arcuated, three-jointed, middle joint longest: antennae in- serted above a line drawn from the eyes to the base of the rostrum ; tibia; simple. Obs. Linne placed the species in the same genus with the common and well known " bed-bug," from which, however, they are without doubt very distinct. Under the reforming hand of Fabricius, they were established as a separate group, with the present designation. These insects are carnivorous, and live by rapine in all their states. They seize smaller insects, and suck out their fluids. The collector must be very cautious how he handles these insects, as they are apt to inflict a painful punc- ture with their very pointed beak. When disturbed they emit an acute sound, by the friction of the base of the head or the neck against the thorax. Reduvius novenarius. — Specific character. Blackish ; an- tennae and rostellum rufous : thorax crested, crest eight or nine" toothed. Desc. Brownish liver color, with very short hair; head cylin- drical, a profoundly impressed transverse line between the eyes : a spine behind each antenna inclining forwards : antennae ru- fous; rostellum dark rufous, first joint more than half the whole length of the organ ; thorax with a short robust spine each side at the base of the head : crest prominent, with eight or nine cylindrical, rather distant teeth : lateral angles bidentate, poste- rior tooth largest : posterior margin crenate, with two promi- nent, terminal spines : hemelytra, membranaceous portion, brassy : feet simple, rather long ; tibiae tinged with rufous. Obs. This large and fine species is not uncommon in various parts of the Union, at least from Pennsylvania to the southern boundary. Its puncture is very painful, benumbing the vicinity of the wounded part, for a considerable time. Its great similarity to the R. cristatus of South America, has hitherto induced entomologists to identify it with that species ; but having carefully considered their respective characters, I am of opinion that they are distinct, though certainly very closely allied. The cristatus has at least twelve denticulations to its 72 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. crest, and its pale rufous tibiae, strongly contrast with the femoral color The upper right figure of the plate. Reduvius crassipes. — Specific character. Blackish; thorax and abdomen margined with reddish ; feet thick. Reduvius crassipes Fabr., Syst. Rhyng. p. 273. Desc. Body villous ; posterior lobe bituberculate : thorax mar- gined all around with red ; anterior lobe with a triangular central indentation ; scutel with a red band beyond the middle : heme- lytra with a reddish humerus ; coriaceous portion with two or three obsolete reddish points at tip; membranaceous portion much deeper black ; tergum with red triangular spots on the incisures at the lateral margin : pectus with a spot above the in- sertion of each foot, and coxae red : venter margined each side with red. Obs. This species was obtained by Bosc, in Carolina, and was described from his collection by Fabricius. I found the specimen in Arkansaw. The lower right figure. Reduvius spissipes. — Specific character. Thorax and he- melytra light reddish-brown, edged behind with whitish ; feet thick. Reduvius sjnssipes nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. vol. iv. p. 328. Desc. Head black, posterior lobe with two tubercles : thorax light reddish-brown ; anterior lobe with dilated, black, oblique, or arcuated lines, of which some are confluent; posterior lobe hardly more elevated than the preceding, with a black posterior sub- margin, and white posterior margin ; scutel black, margined with white, and tipped by a few hairs : hemelytra, coriaceous portion light reddish-brown, with a narrow whitish posterior margin ; membranaceous portion black, or dark fuscous; feet thickened, black, hairy; coxae bright red: abdomen black; margin and band on each segment, white. Obs. The species here described, is very closely allied to the crassipes. It occurred in some plenty in Arkansaw. The lower left figure. Reduvius raptatorius. — Specific characters. Obscure brownish : head, thorax, and anterior feet spinous ; the latter raptatory. AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 73 Redumus raptatorius nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. vol. iv. p. 327. Desc. Body oblong, obscure brownish ; head with a deeply impressed line above the eyes, spinous ; six larger spines before the impressed line, placed two and two, and two or four larger ones behind the line : stemmata sanguineous ; eyes inserted in the lateral middle of the head : antennae inserted near the tip of the clypeus, with dilated annulations of dull rufous and pale ; rostellum slightly arcuated, pale : thorax with numerous, short, obtuse spines on the anterior lobe, and dense granulations on the posterior lobe : posterior angles hardly prominent; feet somewhat pale, sub-annulate, granulated: anterior pair raptatory; thighs unequal, anterior pair robust, villous, dusky, armed with an erect, prominent, obtuse spine, near the tip above, and a double series of ten equal, equidistant, acute spines beneath ; anterior tibiae with a double series of six similar spines on the inner side; ter- gum rufous on the disk, margin varied with black and pale ; hemelytra on the membranaceous tip, with a longitudinal red- dish-brown line. Obs. This may possibly prove to be the R. diadema Fabr. It is common in many parts of the Union, and I found it not un- common in Missouri, as well as in Pennsylvania. The upper left figure of the plate. TREMEX. Plate XXXII. Generic Character. Antennas setaceous, inserted on the front, thirteen or fourteen jointed; mandibles robust, short, denti- culated; labial palpi terminated by a thick, hairy joint; supe- rior wings with two radial cellules, the second incomplete, and two cubital cellules, of which the first is very large, receiving the two recurrent nervures, the second incomplete, not attain- ing the end of the wing; abdomen sessile, terminating in a point; oviduct exserted. Obs. This genus is very similar to Sirex, from which it was separated by Jurine. It may be distinguished by the smaller number of joints in the antenme, as well as by the number and form of the cellules of the wings. Tremex sericeus. — Specific character. Ferruginous : ter- gum yellowish-sericeous. Tremex sericeus nobis, "Western Quarterly Reporter vol. ii. p. 73. 74 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. Desc. Body ferruginous, punctured ; head with three indented longitudinal lines on the vertex, and a transverse one between the eyes ; antennae yellowish j thorax scabrous before, disk with a black spot on each side : wings brownish-fuliginous : carpus yellowish : feet pale yellowish : thighs ferruginous : tergum pale yellowish-fulvous, sericeous : pectus, above the posterior feet, black. Obs. The specimen is a female. I obtained it in Missouri, whilst engaged in the exploring expedition under the command of Major Long. The upper figure. Tremex OBSoletus. — Specific character. Ferruginous ; ter- gum black. Tremex obsoletus nobis, Western Quarterly Reporter, vol. ii. p. 73. Desc. Body ferruginous, punctured : head with three obsolete indented lines upon the vertex, and a transverse one between the eyes : antennae pale ferruginous : thorax scabrous before, with a black spot on each side of the disk : wings yellowish brown, hya- line ) carpus rufous ; posterior tibiae and tarsi, black at their tips ; tergum black, polished ; segments, particularly those near the base, with an obsoletely rufous spot on each side, more dis- tinct on the fourth segment. Obs. Taken in the same region with the preceding. The num- ber of cubital cellules do not correspond with the definition of the genus, as we have here adopted it. There are, in fact, three cubital cellules, of which the first is very small, and it is the second which receives the recurrent nervures. Notwith- standing this character, however, there can be no doubt of these insects being correctly arranged, when placed in this genus. The left figure. Tremex COLUMBA. — Specific character. Thorax ferruginous ; abdomen with a band, and lateral spots yellow. Sirex Columba Fabr.,. Syst. Piez. p. 49. Amoen. Acad. vol. vi. p. 412. (Fabr.) Sirex Pennsyhanica Degeer, Ins. vol. iii. p. 393, pt. 1, pi. 30, fig. 13, (Fabr.) Desc. Head ferruginous : vertex a little grooved, a blackish line through the stemmata passes upon the posterior orbits : an- AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. <0 teniice black, four basal joints pale ferruginous, two terminal joints fulvous : thorax ferruginous, sutures blackish : wings blackish : carpus ferruginous : tergum deep black ; first seg- ment with a small obsolete spot each side, yellow ; second seg- ment yellow, with an inconspicuous longitudinal black line; re- maining segments with an oblong-triangular yellow spot on the base of each ; terminal spine, and valves of the oviduct, ferrugin- ous : pectus black, a large ferruginous spot beneath the anterior wings: feet pale ferruginous; thighs above, and posterior pair entirely, black : venter, with the segments slightly tinged with piceous. Obs. The specimen above described, was taken on the bank of the Missouri river. It inhabits many parts of the Union, and is a very fine species. The right figure. PANGONIA. Plate XXXIII. Generic character. Wings divaricated ; antennae porrect, ap- proximate, three-jointed; first joint cylindrical, second cyathi- form ; third joint elongated, subulate, eight-ringed ; proboscis elongated, exsertcd ; stemmata three : abdomen of seven seg- ments. Obs. This genus is very closely allied to Tabawm, the species having a close resemblance to each other ; but, on accurate com- parison, we shall agree with Latreille in the propriety of separat- ing them. In fact, the Tabani are altogether destitute of the stemmata, aud are very different from insects of the present genus in several other characters, such as the form of their antennae, the disposition of the nervures of their wings, and the comparative length of their proboscis. In some of the species, the stemmata are so small as to require a lens to discover them, but they certainly exist in all. Six species are described by Meigen as inhabiting Europe ; and five extra Europeans are de- scribed by Wiedemann. These insects are inhabitants of warm climates, and are said to subsist upon the honey of flowers ; but Meigen suspects that their females feed on the blood of animals, like those of the spe- cies of other genera in this family. Pangonia incisuralis. — Specific character. Thorax dusty 76 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. glaucous, with dirty yellowish hair; abdomen dark chestnut, with whitish incisures. Pangonia incimralis nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. vol. iii. p. 31. Desc. Front ochreous : ocelli distinct : hypostoina dusky : palpi : and setae of the proboscis testaceous : proboscis black : antennae pale yellowish : occiput with very short, greenish-yel- low hair : thorax with two distinct obsolete lines : wings reddish- brown : feet yellowish : thighs dark chestnut at base : tergum and venter 2 dark chestnut, polished, the posterior margins of the segments whitish, and slightly hairy ; % pale testaceous, with short hair. Obs. This is the only species yet known to inhabit North America. It was brought from Arkansaw by Mr. Thomas Nuttall. Tbe upper figure exhibits the appearance of the male, and the lower that of the female. GKYLLUS. Plate XXXIV. Generic character. Antennae filiform, with from twenty to twenty-five joints; hemelytra and wings deflected, the latter large, much folded ; posterior feet formed for leaping, hardly longer than the body ; tarsi three-jointed; oviduct not exserted ; stemmata unequidistant. Obs. Insects of this genus are well known to every person in this country by the familiar and characteristic name of " grass- hoppers." They are in some seasons very abundant, and become an inconvenience to the farmer, by devouring his grasses and other vegetable productions. But their increase here is always limited, so that, even when most numerous, a great portion of the crop is saved. There are countries, however, where this is not the case, and we have only to inform the reader, that the migratory locust is one of the members of this genus, to apprize him of their formidable character. " Of all the insects which seem capable of adding to the calamities of the human race, lo- custs seem to possess the most formidable powers of destruction. Legions of these voracious animals of various species are pro- duced in Africa, where the devastation they commit, is almost incredible. The air is darkened by their numbers ; they carry desolation with them wherever they pass, and in the short space AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 77 of a few hours arc said to change the most fertile provinces into a barren desert." During their migrations in search of food, they move in immense dense masses, which resemble huge thun- der or hail clouds, and at the termination of their career, every leaf is soon devoured, and the atmosphere is finally loaded with putrid exhalations from their dead bodies, producing pestilence in the train of a general famine, which is the consequence of their voracity. Swarms of these animals have appeared in various parts of Europe, from Tartary, and small flights have made their way even into England. A species of this genus occasioned so much destruction in some parts of Europe, that in the year 1813 the French government issued decrees with a view to the destruction of the larvae. Although the thickly settled parts of the United States 'are altogether unacquainted with the scourge of any spe- cies of migratory locust, yet we shall have occasion at a future time, to speak of several species found within the limits of our territory, that have already proved a very serious evil. There seems to be little doubt, that a species, probably the G. migratorius, constituted one of the plagues of Egypt mentioned in the Bible ; and that John the Baptist was compelled to use them for food during his sojourn in the wilderness. Even at the present day, the inhabitants of divers countries of Africa, make great use of these destructive insects for food. For this purpose, the insect requires but little preparation, and we be- lieve the hemely tra and wings are always rej ected, whether it is to be eaten fresh, or salted. In the latter state, they are constantly ex- posed for sale in the markets of the Levant, and they are known to be a considerable article of commerce in that region. Many travellers assure us that they constitute an agreeable food ; according to Shaw, when fried with a little salt, they have the taste of the Cray-fish, a crustaceous animal like a miniature lobster, abounding in our fresh water streams. Some of the Arabs are stated by Niebuhr, to preserve large quantities of these insects in the dried state, for winter consumption. The Grylli feed exclusively on vegetables. They fly with a considerable strength of wing, and some species make a noise when they poise themselves in the air previously to alighting, by striking the hemelytra together. During their several changes, 78 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. they continue active and voracious, and their gait is always either a leap or a walk. In the larva state, they are destitute of any appearance of wings or hemelytra, but on changing to the pupa, they gain the rudiments of those members, to be completely de- veloped at the next change. Gryllus formosus. — Specific character. Thorax with a much elevated, compi'essed, and denticulated carina. Desc. Body pale green : antennae yellowish : thorax armed with numerous small denticles, above compressed, very much elevated into a regularly arcuated carina, forming a portion of a circle, the centre of which is anterior to the origin of the heme- lytra ; carina with two yellow radii, and yellow posterior and anterior edges; posterior half of the edge, prominently denticu- lated : hemelytra with about six large brown spots, with areolae, placed 2, 2, 2 : posterior thighs annulate, with yellow. Obs. When returning with a detachment of Major Long's party, at a distance of about an hundred and fifty miles from the mountains, on the banks of the Arkansaw river, I had the plea- sure to find a considerable number of this uncommonly beautiful species. It occurred only in a very limited district, and was not afterwards seen. The middle figure, with a wing above on the left. Gryllus hirtipes. — Specific character. Head conic, pos- terior segment of the thorax elevated into a carina. Desc. Body pale green : head above conic, elevated, with dark green lines : antennae red : thorax varied with dark green ; pos- terior segment compressed above, and elevated into a prominent, arcuated, mutic carina : hemelytra with large, confluent, dark green spots : feet hairy ; posterior tibiae densely hairy. Obs. A curious species, of which the conic head gives it the air of a Truxalis, but the antennae are not ensiform, neither are the posterior thighs elongated, as in that genus. The anterior segment of the thorax is altogether destitute of any appearance of carina. It occurred with the preceding. The upper figure, with a wing below on the right. Gryllus trifasciatus. — Specific character. Hemelytra tri- fasciate with fuscous ; wings pale yellow at base, with a fuscous band. AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 79 Desc. Head green : antennae blackish, first and second joints pale ; triangular space between the eyes, brown, extending in a curved line backwards and downwards : thorax greenish-brown, above depressed, on the two anterior segments an inconspicuous, hardly elevated, longitudinal line : hemelytra pale dull yellowish, at base brownish, nervures at tip, dusky j three equidistant broad brownish-black bands, the intermediate one on the middle : win^s pale yellow, with a slight tinge of green; a broad brownish black band, narrowed and marginal behind ; tip dull whitish, with the nervures blackish : posterior thighs dull yellowish, with a black band on the middle, on the inner side, extending broadly towards the base ; tip blackish : posterior tibiae bright fulvous. Obs. This pretty insect occurred in Arkansaw, at the distance of about three hundred miles from the Rocky Mountains. The lower figure. HETEROMYIA. Plate XXXV. Artificial character. xVntcnnae porrect, filiform, fourteen jointed ; five terminal joints elongated ; palpi exserted, a little arcuated, four jointed ; basal joint shortest, a little contracted in the middle ; ocelli none ; eyes reniform ; posterior feet much elongated, slender, and with a single nail at tip ; anterior pair with somewhat elongated coxae, and much dilated femora, armed with a series of short spines on the anterior edge, on which the arcuated tibia closes. Natural character. Body moderately slender ; head small, rounded, flattened before ; antennae in the middle of the face ■ first joint large, but not long; the eight following joints sub- oval ; the five terminal joints long, not dilated, cylindric, each being twice the length of one of the preceding ones ; eyes reni- form, large, wider beneath, and approaching above ; stemmata none; palpi arcuated, four jointed, first joint shortest, last joint longest; proboscis shorter than the head ; thorax sub-globular, convex above, and projecting a little forward acutely before ; be- neath convex ; scutel transverse ; wings moderate, somewhat lanceolate ; poisers naked ; feet unequal ; anterior pair with the coxae somewhat elongated ; thighs dilated, and with a series of spines on the lower side ; tibiae arcuated, accurately closing on the inferior surface of the thigh ; tarsi moderate ; intermediate 80 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. pair slender, longer than the anteriors ; third pair longest, slen- der, the tarsi elongated, terminated by a single long and slender nail. Obs. This genus is closely allied to Tanypus, Chironomus, and Ceratopogon, but it differs from them by the remarkable confor- mation of the anterior and posterior feet. [This genus appears to be one of the numerous forms of Cera- topogon. Mr. Winnertz in his excellent Monograph of this genus (Linnaea Entomologia, 6,) did not subdivide it into new genera, but among the forms he mentions several which are very like Heteroymia. Some of them have one claw of the tarsi much shorter than the other, approaching by this character Heteromyiu, which according to Say has but one claw on the posterior tarsi. It is strange that Say does not describe the antennae of the male. — Sacken.] Heteromyia fasciata. — Specific character. Wings hyaline, trifasciate with dusky. Desc. Body testaceous : thorax with a black disk : wings with three equidistant bands, the two exterior ones somewhat conflu- ent : posterior thighs a little dilated towards the tip : abdomen with a silvery sericeous reflection ; % cylindrical, 9 dilated towards the tip. Variety a. Thorax entirely testaceous. Obs. The manners and habits of this insect are unknown, though it is of rather frequent occurrence. HIPPARCHIA. Plate XXXVI. Generic character. Antennae with a slender, somewhat fusei- form, [fusiform ?] or trigonate-orbicular club ; palpi meeting above the tongue, with the second joint very much compressed, and much longer than the first ; anterior pair of feet shorter than the rest, and often very hairy ; feet of the other legs with double nails ; hinder wings somewhat orbiculate-triangulate, with the internal margin excavated to receive the abdomen ; the middle cell closed behind, from which part the nervures radiate ; the outer margin entire, or with acute or obtuse indentations. (Leach) Obs. We adopt the generic name from Fabricius. It is the Maniola of Schrank, Satyrus of Latreille, and of course, Papilio of Linne. The genus is numerous in species, and the wings of AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 81 many are beautifully ornamented with eye-like spots. The cater- pillar is downy and bimucronate behind. The pupa is suspended by the tail ; it is angulated, bimucronate on the front. Hipparchia anpromacha. — Specific character. Wings brown, with sub-marginal blackish spot ; beneath paler, sub- perlaceous, with a series of ocellate spots. Oreas marmorea Andromacha Hubner. Desc. Body above, and the superior surface of the wings, brown : anterior wings beyond the middle, with a broad paler band, bifid before, and including a series of four fuscous oval spots, or epupillate ocelhe, of which the second, and sometimes the third, are small, and the posterior one largest ; between the band and the exterior edge is a single narrow pale line, sometimes obsolete ; exterior edge alternately white and black : posterior wings with a narrow, fuscous, angulated line across the middle, and a broad pale band beyond the middle, in which is a series of five fuscous epupillate ocellje, with a yellow iris, the third smallest, then the fifth, the first being largest ; exterior margin slightly tinged with rufous, and with one or two fuscous lines : beneath perlaceous, with a brown narrow band before the middle, and another rather beyond the middle ; beyond which, is a broad lighter perlaceous band, in which, on the superior wings are four epupillate ocellse, the two or three anterior ones small ; and on the inferior wings are six ocellate spots, consisting of a fuscous spot surrounded by a yellow line, and having a white pupil j first spot distant, third small, fifth double ; exterior margin with a yellow line. Obs. Two specimens of this insect were presented to me by Mr. Thomas Nuttall, who obtained them in Arkansaw. It seems probable, that they also inhabit the southern Atlantic States, as Hubner has given a plate of the insect. It has not been found so far north as Pennsylvania. SPECTRUM. Plate XXXVII. and XXXVIII. Generic character. Body elongated, slender, cylindrical ; head slightly inclined, oval ; antennae long, slender, with numerous joints, inserted before the eyes; palpi cylindrical, short; labium quadrifid, the two inner divisions shortest ; feet simple, the ante- 6 82 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. rior pair being similar to the others ; tarsi five-jointed ; elytra very short or none. Ohs. We are told that there was a time, when a piece of wood was transformed into a serpent, and even in the present age of knowledge, a hair fallen from the mane or tail of a horse into a stream of water, is believed by many to become animated into a distinct being ; dead leaves shed by the parent tree are said to change gradually into animals of singular shape, and to have changed their place of abode under the eye of the historian who related the wonderful tale ; dead sticks also were said to sprout legs, to move from place to place, and perform all the functions of a living body. These, and a thousand other equally ridiculous tales, were at one period or another, more or less generally ad- mitted as indisputable truths, and to contradict them would only be to expose oneself to the imputation of ignorance or criminal faithlessness. And although at present the possibility of making a living serpent out of wood, and the story of animated leaves and sticks would be despised as absurd, yet many are to be found, both in Europe and America, who firmly believe in the reanima- tion of a horsehair. But the most obvious errors have often a shadow of truth whereon to rest, or palliate, if not excuse them by the plea of ignorance or mistake. The historian of the walk- ing leaf may have been deceived by the Mantis siccifolium of Linne, the wings of which have some resemblance to a leaf. The Gordius resembles a horsehair, and no doubt gave rise to the story of the metamorphosis above mentioned, and the account of the walking sticks may have very honestly originated from the singular appearance and form of some insects of the present genus. These are long, slender and cylindrical ; and on a first view it is not a little difficult to reconcile their appearance to our preconceived ideas of the general insect form. They are never- theless perfectly inoffensive, and feed altogether on vegetables. They are, probably, indebted for safety from the attacks of their enemies the birds, to their deceptive appearance, and by their general similarity in point of color to the object on which they rest. Spectrum femoratum. — Specific character. Apterous; in- termediate thighs dilated, angulated, and with the posterior thighs armed with a spine near the tip beneath. AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 83 Desc. — Male. Body greenish-brown, without any rudiment of henielytra ; head yellowish with three dilated fuscous vittae ; antennae brown : anterior thighs unarmed, simple, bright green : tibia dull green, tip and tarsus testaceous ; intermediate thighs dilated, angulated, pale ochreous, annulated with brown, the in- ferior angulated lines slightly serrated; a prominent, piceous, acute, robust spine beneath near the tip ; tibiae greenish, slightly serrated on the inner side; tarsus testaceous; posterior thighs brownish, ochreous, with a prominent, piceous, acute, robust spine near the tip beneath. Female. Body cinereous, more robust than that of the male : thighs nearly equal, intermediate and posterior pairs with the subterminal spines very short. Obs. I first published an account of this species in " Long's second Expedition," from a male specimen obtained near the Falls of Niagara on a Hickory tree. I had previously found an individual in Missouri, and recently on a journey with Mr. Maclure, I found several specimens on the sheltered face of a rock at Franklin, New Jersey; amongst these was the female which we now make known. Since the above was written, Mr. Charles Pickering, of Salem, Massachusetts, has informed me that he obtained an individual near that city. The left figure of the plate represents the female. The right hand figure, the male. Spectrum bivittatum. — Specific character. Brown or black- ish, with two yellow dorsal vittae. Desc. — Male. Body above black, with two broad yellow vittas extending from the base of the antennae to the posterior ex- tremity of the body : antennae dull reddish brown, not much elongated : beneath dull yellowish clay color : feet dusky, thighs unarmed, blackish towards the tip. Female, much larger than the male, the body brownish in those parts which on the male are black, with the exception of the vertebral line which is black ; the yellow vittae become some- times obsolete towards the posterior part of the body : thighs unarmed. Obs. The disparity of size between the sexes of this species would almost lead us to doubt their specific identity, or at least 84 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. it would induce us to believe that the diminutive male is no other than the young of the female he accompanies as a mate. On a journey to Florida with Mr. Maclure, I obtained a female which was crawling up the body of an Orange tree on Cumber- land Island, Georgia. The male I had not seen until the recent return of Mr. T. Peale from that country, who brought many individuals of both sexes. He observed them in plenty in the southern part of that region. They were generally in pairs, on the Palmetto, lying close to the rib of the leaf. Mr. Peale re- marked that when taken they discharge a milky fluid, from two pores of the thorax, diffusing a strong odor, in a great measure like that of the common Gnapthalium, or " Life everlasting ;" and as this plant was growing near the place where they occurred, he supposed that it constituted at least part of their food. They vary much in color, but it is believed that the two dorsal yellow stripes are never wanting. The upper figure of the plate represents the male. The lower figure, the female. LANGURIA. Plate XXXIX. Generic character. Body rather slender, cylindrical; antenna.' with a gradually formed club of five or six joints; palpi filiform, terminal joint of the labials a little larger than the others ; mandibles bifid at tip ; maxilla? with horny teeth ; tarsi with dense hairs beneath the three basal joints, the third bilobate. Obs. The manners and habits of these insects are but little known, and as the species are chiefly North American, it is with our entomologists that the task of investigating them will rest. They have been said to frequent flowers, and I can corroborate the truth of the remark, by stating that I have frequently found them on flowers myself; but as Latreille observes, if they feed only on the contents of the nectary, to what use can the horny teeth be applied with which their jaws are furnished ? This is a very limited genus ; Fabricius described three species in his last work on insects of this order, two from Sumatra under the names of Trogosita elongata and filiformis, and the other from North America, under that of Trogosita bicolor. He perceived that they did not altogether correspond with the other species of the group to which he referred them, for when describing the AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 85 latter species, he expressly states, that in its elongated and cylin- drical appearance it differed from Tenebrio, and that it ought perhaps to form a distinct genus. Latreille finally established a genus under the name we have adopted, in his " Histoirc Natu- rclle des Crustaces et Insectes," for the reception of the blcolor. In his " Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum," he described an- other under the name of L. Mozardi; and in the pages of the " Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia," I increased the number to six, by the publication of two new species. Languria bicolor. — Specific character. Black, slender : thorax rufous, with a dilated black vitta. Trogosita bicolor Fabr. Syst. Eleut. part 1, p. 152. Laguria bicolor Latr. Hist. Nat. Crust, et Ins. 12, p. 35. Genera Crust, et Ins. 3, p. 65. pi. 11, fig. 11. Lam. An. sans Vert. 4, p. 289. Desc. Body piceous-black, slender : head dark piceous, with very obvious punctures : thorax pale yellowish-rufous, with ob- vious, rather distant punctures, and a dilated vitta of a dark piceous color, occupying about one-third of the surface : elytra black, with strongly impressed striae of punctures : pectus pale yellowish rufous : postpectus black : feet blackish-piceous : venter piceous. Obs. It may be distinguished from the puncticollis, to which it is perhaps most closely allied, aside from its colors and more elongated form, by the obvious punctures of the head and thorax, as well as by the more deeply impressed punctures of the striae and the approximation of the strias to each other. The lowest figure of the plate. [Latreille was the first to apply the name of Fabricius to this species with which his description by no means agrees : other authors have copied his error. I have named it L. Latreille) ' ; vide Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 7, 160.— Lec] Languria Mozardi. — Specific character. Rufous ; antennae, elytra, and feet black. Languria Mozardi Latr. Genera Crust, et Ins. 3, p. 66. Lamarck An. sans Vert. 4, p. 290. Desc. Body pale rufous, glabrous : antennae dark piceous : thorax immaculate : elytra punctured ; the punctures placed in 86 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. regular series, deeply impressed, but without impressed striae : feet black ; thighs pale-rufous at base , tibiae with a slight rufous tinge : venter with the three posterior segments black. Obs. This species was first described by Latreille in his ela- borate and important work entitled " Genera crustaceerum et insectorum." The specific name is that of the donor. The Mozardi has not been hitherto figured. The left figure of the plate. Languria puncticollis. — Specific character. Rufous; an- tennae, thoracic spot, elytra and feet black. L. puncticollis nobis, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 3, p. 462. Desc. Body rufous : antennas and palpi black: thorax with a small, round, black spot on the middle, and an abbreviated, in- dented line upon the basal margin each side of the middle ; ely- tra with rather slight striae of impressed points, black, slightly tinged with blue : feet entirely black : venter, terminal segment, black. Obs. I obtained this species on the bank of the Mississippi river, above the confluence of the Ohio. It somewhat resembles L. bicolor Fabr., but is more robust. The upper figure of the plate. Languria trifasciata. — Specific character. Rufous; head black : elytra bifasciate with violaceous. L. %-fasciata nobis, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc. iii. p. 462. Desc. Body rufous, punctured : head black : antennae, with the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth joints, dull rufous : thorax immaculate : elytra with a violaceous base and tip ; each band occupying about one-third of the entire length ; with striae of punctures : feet pale : venter at the tip, and obsoletely at base, black. Obs. This species was also found on the bank of the Missis- sippi, above the entrance of the Ohio river. It is about equal in size to the L. Mozardi Latr. The right figure of the plate. PAPILIO. Plate XL. For generic characters, see the article on Papilio Philenor. [ante p. 1.] Obs. In pursuance of his attempt to unite natural and civil his- AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 87 tory, Linne divided his vast genus Papilio into several families, of which he named the first Equites or Knights. This family, con- taining some of the largest and most beautiful of the insect tribes, was subdivided into Trojans and Greeks. The former were dis- tinguished by red spots on the breast. The P. Philenor which we have already represented, belongs to the division of Trojans. But this arrangement has been abandoned by modern authors, who apply the name of Papilio only to the Linnasan Equites, subdividing the genus into those which have the inferior wings elongated behind in the form of a tail, and those which have them simply rounded in that part. Much has been said and written relative to the acuteness of the sensation of pain in insects, and whatever may have a ten- dency to prevent acts of wanton barbarity ought certainly to be encouraged, as far as it is conformable to truth, but not further. The poet's assertion, that the worm, crushed beneath the foot of the passenger, " feels a pang as great as when a giant dies," can- not be substantiated, and proves nothing, therefore, but that the author declared positively what he merely believed or imagined to be true. My opinion, to the contrary of all this, is founded on such facts as the following. I caught an insect belonging to the present genus, and having impaled it, by passing a pin vertically through its body, it escaped from nryjiand. The pin being light, and no injurious pressure having been exerted on its body, the insect flew, apparently with its usual facility, to a flower, and un- rolling its elongated proboscis, proceeded to extract the sweet fluid from the nectary, as if no mortal wound had been inflicted. The plant represented in the plate, is the Aquilegia canadensis. Papilio Turnus. — Specific character. Wings tailed, yellow with a black margin and abbreviated bands ; angle of the tail fulvous. Papilio Turnus Linn. Fabr. Goeze, Entom. Beytr. iii. p. 71. Herbst. Natursyst. Ins. iii. p. 136, pi. 41, fig. 3, 4. Hubner, pi. fig. 1, 2. Palis, de Beauv. p. 119, pi. 2, b. fig. 1, 1. Papilio caudatus maximus Carolinian us, Umbris striisque nigris. Catesb. Carolina, 2, pi. 83. Papilio^Alcidamas Cram. i. p. 62, pi. 38, figs. A, B. — Goeze, Entom. Beytr. iii. p. 77. 88 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. Der Kaiserschmetterling Muller, Nat. Syst. Supp. p. 284 and 496. (Herbst.) Desc. Body above black, with a yellow line each side, passing- over the origin of the wings, and over the head each side before the eyes : superior wings yellow, costal margin black with four black bands, of which the three exterior ones are abbreviated ; exterior broad margin black with a series of small white spots and white crenulations on the edge : beneath, the colors are paler, and the dots of the exterior margin are much larger : inferior wings yellow ; posterior portion black, with six lunules on the margin yellow, the first and last fulvous, the edge deeply crenated, the crenations white ; anal angle fulvous edged with white, and with a bright green lunule above, and one or two green spots near it ; disk, with an oblique black band, proceeding from the basal band of the superior wings, abbreviated near the black portion of the wing, and curving round and returning upward along the inner margin : tail moderate ; beneath somewhat like the superior page, but the radiating lines proceeding from the discoidal cellule are black, the marginal lunules are much larger, and have a large ful- vous spot in the middle of each, the black portion is much tinged with green, and there are about four fulvous spots above it : pec- tus yellow, with two oblique lateral black lines. Obs. This beautiful, though very common insect, has already been noticed by many authors, who, for the most part, unite their testimony in favor of its similarity to the P. Machaon Fabr., of Europe. This correspondence is, however, only a general one, for on a particular comparison, a sufficient difference will be evi- dent. It is found as far north as Maine, from whence I have re- ceived a specimen sent by Mr. E. Holmes, of Gardineer Lyceum. The annexed plate represents this species in two positions. ENOPLIUM. Plate XLI. Generic character. Three last joints of the antennas dilated forming a deeply serrated mass ; the fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth joints very small : palpi prominent securiform ; body cylindrical ; tarsi with but four very obvious joints : penul- timate joint bilobate. Obs. The species that compose this genus were separated by Latreille, from the genus Tithes of Olivier and Fabricius, from AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 89 the circumstance that the ultimate joints of the antennae, only, form a serrated mass, and that the tarsi have but four very obvi- ous joints. Dejean mentions but two species as inhabitants of Europe ; we have here given four species, but it would seem that the genus might be divided with advantage to the student, for whose convenience also it ought perhaps to be removed to the Tetramera, together with several kindred genera. Enoplium onustum. — Specific character. Black ; thorax red, with two black lines; elytra margined with yellowish. E. marginatum nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences, iii. p. 187. Desc. Body black, hairy, punctured : labrum and basal joints of the palpi, pale : thorax red, with two dilated longitudinal black lines confluent behind : elytra with a yellowish margin, suture and base : thighs pale. Obs. This insect frequently occurs in Pennsylvania : I have also obtained it in the State of Ohio, and Mr. John P. Brace, of Connecticut, presented me with an individual taken in that State. It resembles the E. pilosum Forst., but is readily distinguished by the yellowish margin of the elytra. I have been informed by Count Dejean, that the specific name marginatum, is preoccupied in this genus, I therefore substitute the present appellation. The upper left figure of the plate. [This is a variety of E. pilosum. — Lec] Enoplium pilosum. — Specific character. Black; thorax red, with two black lines. Lampyris pilosa Forst. Nov. Ins. p. 49. Desc. Body shining black, covered with very short hairs, punctured : labrum dull testaceous : thorax bright sanguineous, with two broad longitudinal black vittae approaching each other to the posterior margin, where they are confluent ; anterior mar- gin yellowish, interrupted by the black vittse; elytra entirely black, opake, immaculate ; wings black. Obs. The very great similarity between the preceding and the present species, would almost persuade us that they are merely varieties of one species ; nevertheless, as they seem to be constant, in their respective characters, we consider them as distinct, though closely allied species. The lower right figure of the plate. 90 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. Enoplium damicorne. — Specific character. Black ; thorax rufous, slightly edged with black. Tillus damicomis Fabr., Syst. Eleut. i. p. 282. E. thoracicum nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences. Desc. Body black, hairy, punctured, cylindrical : antennae with the terminal joint narrowed near the tip on the inner side : thorax rufous, lateral and posterior edges black : pectus rufous : elytra black with a slight purplish tinge, immaculate ; punctures large, profound, approximate, and behind the middle small, confluent. Obs. This insect is an inhabitant of the greater part of the Union. I have obtained specimens in Missouri. In my account of the species as above quoted, I made the following remark : " I should consider it the same as the Tillus damicomis of Fabr. but that, in the description of that insect, the author mentions but two dilated joints of the antennae, whereas in ours there are three dilated joints." Notwithstanding this remark, it agrees with it so well in other respects, that on further consideration, I think we may safely refer it to the damicorne, and admit that Fabri- cius was mistaken in the number of dilated joints. Latreille, in his Histoire Naturelle, &c. abserves, that " Le tille damicorne de Fabricius differe peu, or presque point de cette espece, (E. Weberi) a en juger par les phrases specifiques." The upper right figure of the plate. [Belongs to Orthopleura Spin. — Lec] Enoplium quadripunctatum. — Specific character. Black . elytra sanguineous, with four black dots. E. 4-punctatum nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., iii. p. 188. Desc. Body black, somewhat hairy, punctured : thorax de- pressed, subquadrate, not contracted behind; angles rounded, punctures confluent each side : scutel black : elytra sanguineous, each with two black, orbicular, subequal dots, one before, and the other behind the middle. Obs. This species is subject to vary in the size of the spots on its elytra, those of some specimens which I obtained in Arkan- saw, being much larger than I have ever observed them on those of this State. The middle figure of the plate, the lower left figure represents the variety. AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 91 POMPILUS. Plate XLII. Generic character. Labrum inserted under the nasus ; eyes entire ; stemniata three ; antennse as long as the head and trunk, in the female convoluted towards the tip ; mandibles unarmed, or with one or two teeth ; maxilliary palpi longer than the labials, three last joints nearly of equal length ; superior wings not folded longitudinally ; radial cellule of moderate size ; cubital cellules three, the first elongated ; second and third subequal, nearly square, receiving the two recurrent nervures ; fourth cell- ule rudimental ; feet elongated. Obs. These insects associate by pairs, and make their nests in the earth. The female digs a hole in a sunny bank or declivity ; when this is accomplished, she goes in search of a spider or a catapillar, which she punctures with her sting, and places at the bottom of her nest. Having deposited an egg, either in or upon the prey, she closes the hole with earth, and abandons it. The young, hatched from the egg, has an abundant and convenient supply of food, in the body of the interred insect. Descending the Arkansaw river, with Major Long's party, I was one day surprised to see a species of this genus, dragging along the ground the body of the gigantic Bird-catching spider, the Mygale avicularia, or a very closely allied species. These insects are lively and active, flying rapidly from place to place for short distances, running briskly on the earth, vibrating their antennse, and raising a little, and then depressing their wings, which are reclined upon the back. The female is armed with a sting, and may be distinguished from the male by having twelve joints to the antennse, whilst those of the male have thirteen joints. Latreille was the first to separate this group from Sphex, under the name of Psammochares, but in his subsequent works, he adopted the more recent name of Pompilus, given by Fabrieius. Pompilus formosus. — Specific character. Polished bluish- green ; wings rufous, with a dusky terminal submargin. Pompilus formosus nobis, Western Quarterly Reporter, ii. p. 76. Desc. Body bright greenish, a little tinged with bluish, and in some lights changing to dull purplish, sericeous : antennse black : feet black with a green reflection : wings bright golden 92 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. rufous ; at the extreme base, black ; terminal submargiu of the superiores, and terminal and inner submargins of tlie inferiores, dusky ; the corresponding margins pale. Obs. This large and splendid species occurred within a hun- dred miles of the Rocky Mountains, on the banks of the Arkan- saw river. It was not uncommon, and in consequence of the striking color of the wings, as well as of its slow and steady flight, it was readily observed and taken. It was occasionally found perched on flowers, in company with Stizus grandis nobis, and other Hymenopterus insects. The strongest similarity certainly exists between the P. formosus here represented, and the Pcpsis marginata Beauv., but that species is so much larger, that we cannot believe it to be the same. The upper figure of the plate. [This species extends as far as San Diego, California. — Lec] Pompilus unifasciatus. — Specific character. Black ; an- tennae and large wing spot, yellow. Desc. Body black, tinged with purplish : antennae, excepting the first and second joints, bright yellow : wings violaceous- black ; superior pair with a broad yellowish band or spot near the tip of each, abbreviated before the inner margin, and of a subquadrate or nearly orbicular form. Obs. On a recent journey, in company with Mr. Maclure, I had the gratification to find this handsome species in the vicinity of Easton, Pennsylvania. I have not seen it elsewhere. Only a single specimen occurred, which is a female. The middle figure of the plate Pompilus terminatus. — Specific character. Black ; wings pale fulvous, with a dusky tip. Desc. Body black, with a slight purplish tinge : antennae black : superior wings pale fulvous, with a broad dusky tip : inferior wings paler. Obs. This species was brought by Major Long's party. I caught it near the Arkansaw river, about two hundred miles from the Rocky Mountains. But one specimen occurred, which is a female. In the proportion and distribution of the colors of the wings, it resembles P. discolor and annidatus Fabr., but in mag- nitude and color of the body it is very distinct. The lower figure of the plate. AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 93 TETYRA. Plate XLIII. Generic character. Thorax very narrow before ; scutel elon- gated, longer than broad, not covering the sides of the tergum ; head immersed to the eyes in the thorax ; antennae five-jointed, second joint longer than the third ; labrum very long, striated ; rostrum four-jointed, the three first joints subequal ; tarsi three- jointed, the first joint longer than the second. Obs. The genus Tetyra was separated from Cimcx of Linne, by Fabricius, to include those species of which the scutel is very much dilated and elongated, and the antennae five-jointed. As instituted by that author, it is perfectly synonymous with ScuteJ- lera of Lamarck and Latreille. Leech made a different disposi- tion of these genera. He restricted the genus ScuteUera, those to species that have the abdomen entirely covered by the scutel ; and the second joint of the antennas shorter than the third ; the genus Tetyra he limited so as to include only those of which the scutel, though still dilated and elongated, does not entirely con- ceal the sides of the abdomen, and the second joint of the an- tennas is longer than the third. A third closely allied genus was distinguished by Schrank, under the name of Thyreocoris, and adopted by Leach. Its scutel is broader than long, the second joint of the antennas is very short, and the anterior mar- gin of the thorax is but little narrowed. Of all these genera, we shall be able to give examples in the course of the present work. Tetyra fimbriata. — Specific character. Dark green ; thorax with a yellow spotted patch, each side behind ; scutel margined with yellow. Dezc. Body dark-green, with large punctures : clypcus with the lateral edges parallel : anterior edge rufous, indented in the middle ; antennas and middle of the rostrum rufous : thorax with a large yellow spot each side behind, including about two dark- green spots, and a brown one ; posterior angles a little prominent, obtuse : scutel, excepting at base, with a three-toothed margin : hemelytra dark-green with a yellow lateral and posterior margin, the membranons portion dark-violaceous : feet rufous ; thighs with three narrow yellow bands, the anterior pair one-spined be- neath ; tibia with one yellow band, the anterior pair dilated to- 94 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. wards the tip : venter with a transverse thick line in the middle, and an anterior longitudinal one ; lateral and posterior margins yellow, the former four-dotted each side ; heyond the middle, are two large, slightly indented, sericeous spots. Obs. This singularly marked species is rare in Pennsylvania. The upper left figure of the plate. Tetyra cinctipes. — Specific character. Dull, testaceous ; feet pale, with fuscous spots. Desc. Body above, dull, testaceous, or brownish, with close set, rather large, profound punctures : head black, acutely cari- nated, and with a very obvious tubercle each side, near the base ; tip emarginated : antennse piceous : terminal joint somewhat di- lated : thorax with an obsolete glabrous line near the middle, and three tubercles on the anterior submargin, the intermediate one very obtuse, and sometimes obsolete ; anterior angles with a tu- bercle, and another on the lateral edge behind the middle : an- terior thighs, and all the tibiae blackish, with one or two pale bands : intermediate and posterior thighs pale, with two bands, and base blackish. Obs. Inhabits the Middle States. It is one-quarter of an inch in length. The lower right figure of the plate. Tetyra violacea. — Specific character. Dark bluish-viola- ceous ; venter with a fulvous line before the middle, and a spot at tip. Desc. Body dark bluish-violaceous, with large punctures : cly- peus with the lateral edge parallel ; anterior edge indented in the middle : thorax, posterior angles rather prominent, obtuse : ante- rior thighs with a prominent spine beneath : anterior tibiae di- lated towards the tip : postpectus, middle incisures edged with opake black : venter with a bright fulvous line extending from between the posterior feet to the middle, where it is gradually a little dilated : behind the middle are two slightly indented large sericeous spots ; tip with a small bright fulvous spot. Obs. Closely allied to the preceding; I caught it on the mar- gin of St. John's river, in East Florida. The upper right figure of the plate. Tetyra alternata. — Specific character. Rufous ; beneath yellow ; scutel with minute, abbreviated black lines. AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 95 Desc. Body above rufous, punctured ; head narrowed before, and rounded at tip ; antennae rufous, basal joint yellow, terminal joint fuscous : thorax with the posterior angles obtusely rounded : scutel [with numerous, very short, transverse black lines ; a transverse, slightly raised elliptical line at base, from which pro- ceeds a slightly carinated longitudinal line, becoming obsolete on the middle : tip very slightly emarginate : hemelytra, on the coriaceous portion marked by the same minute lines as the scutel : tergum margined with alternating black, quadrate spots ; beneath yellow : feet simple, rufous : venter with two almost ob- solete black lines gradually approaching each other to the penul- timate segment where they terminate in a common black spot. Obs. This species inhabits the Middle States, but it does not occur very frequently. The lower left figure of the plate. PHRYGANEA. Plate XLIV. Generic character. Antennae as long as the body, with nu- merous joints; stemmata two; mandibles none; palpi rather long : inferior wings larger than the others, longitudinally folded ; feet elongated, spinous : tarsi elongated, five-jointed, ter- minal joint with two small nails ; abdomen destitute of filaments at tip of the tail. Obs. The greater number of these insects venture forth upon the wing during the evening and night, and when disturbed in their resting place in the day, they fly a short distance, and again seek a place of concealment and safety. They frequently enter our houses in the evening, attracted by the light of a can- dle, around which they fly. The larva lives in the water, and the parents are therefore generally in its vicinity. Some spe- cies swarm in large flocks, whilst others are solitary. They are light and active, and run with much swiftness. When the fe- male is about to deposite her eggs, she ejects a considerable number of them, which remain attached together at the extrem- ity of her abdomen ; these she places in a favorable situation', on the stalk or leaf of a water-plant, or other object, from which the young larva may readily pass into the water. Here it soon be- gins to fabricate a tubular, portable dwelling, which, as respects form, may be compared to that of the clothes-moth. This domi- 96 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. cil consists of a silky matter, with various objects attached to the exterior, such as sand gravel, small pieces of wood or reed, &c, so proportioned that its weight exceeds but little that of the water. As the inhabitant increases in bulk, the tube at length becomes too small, and is necessarily abandoned. An- other, of suitable dimensions is, however, soon constructed, and the little animal is again in a state of security. This artisan, is of a cylindrical, somewhat elongated form, consisting of twelve joints or segments; on the fourth joint is generally a conic tu- bercle on each side, and on the ultimate segments are two move- able hooks : these projections from the body, appear to be useful as points of support against the sides of the tube. The head is of firm a consistence, furnished with strong mandibles, and two eyes. The feet are six in number, and are not natatory, the an- terior pair being shorter and thicker than the others, which are considerably elongated, and not dilated, nor deeply ciliated. Thus constituted, the animal crawls at the bottom of the water, with the feet and the anterior part of the body protruded from the tube, in search of food. When about to undergo the change into the nymph state, the larva affixes its tube to some permanent object. It then pro- ceeds to close the ends of its dwelling by a silky net, the meshes of which are so small as to prevent the ingress of depredating insects, and yet sufficiently large to admit of a free circulation of water for the purpose of respiration. The head of the nymph is provided with a kind of beak, consisting of hooks, which are used to force a passage through the net-work. At this period, which occurs in fifteen or twenty days after the change from the larva state, its period of immobility ceases : it departs from its tube, and walks or swims with activity, the feet being fringed for the latter purpose. The young animal now, for the first time emerges from the water, and seeks a dry, secure position for its ultimate change here, after remaining at rest for some minutes, to permit the superfluous moisture to evaporate, it throws off its covering, and soon takes wing in search of a mate. Many spe- cies of a smaller size proceed in a different manner ; the nymph ascends to the surface of the water, where it is emancipated from its exuvia, which serves as a boat to support the perfected insect, until its wings are sufficiently developed, dried, and prepared for flight. AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 97 The word Phryganea is derived from w>y*w a bundle or fagot of sticks. Phryganea sUbfasctata. — Specific character. Pale honey- yellow ; superior wings a little dusky, with two transverse black- ish spots on each. P. subfasciata nobis, Long's Second Expedition, vol. ii. p. 308. Desc. Body honey-yellow : head a little more tinged with ru- fous, paler beneath ; antennae blackish ; first joint yellowish on the inner and inferior irides : superior wings dull ochreous, covered with bullae, or minute raised points, with a dusky inner and terminal margin ; on each are two subequal, transverse, dusky spots, the anterior one near the middle, and connected with the inner margin; the posterior one a little undulated, placed nearer the anterior spot, than to the tip of the wing. Variety a. Spots of the superior wings obsolete, or wanting. Obs. Rather smaller than the preceding species, and very dis- tinct from it. It is easily known by the two striking dusky spots on each superior wing. I obtained two or three specimens during a recent excursion with Mr. Maclure, into the interior of Pennsylvania. The left middle figure of the plate. Phryganea dossuaria. — Specific character. Wings with the nervures, and dilated transverse irregular lines, blackish. Desc. Body pale yellowish-ochreous : antennae dark-brown : stemmata brown on the inner side, white on the exterior side : superior wings yellowish-white, with blackish nervures, and transverse, somewhat dilated, connecting blackish lines, hardly forming bands ; of these, one forms a quadrate spot on the costal margin, and one is common near the inner posterior angle : inferior wings with two costal spots and terminal margin ; tergum dusky segments paler towards their tips. Obs. This species was sent to me, with several other interest- ing insects, by Mr: Charles Pickering, of Salem. Phryganea semifasciata. — Specific character. Superior wings light ferruginous, with irregular black lines ; a distinct black point near the inner basal angle; inferior wings light ferruginous. P. semifasciata nobis, Western Quarterly Report, vol. ii. p. 161. Desc. Body when recent, light olivaceous-green : head dark 7 98 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. ferruginous above : eyes dark -brown, with a moveable black pupil : mouth pale : neck light-green, with a brown, transverse, hirsute collar on the middle : thorax dark ferruginous, hairy, blackish each side : feet pale : superior wings dull ferruginous, with numerous opake, transverse, abbreviated, black lines ; a small black point at the inner basal angle/and a small transverse, abbreviated dusky line on the inner margin a little beyond the middle ; inferior wings light honey-yellow, a blackish, dilated, angulated, semifasciate line near the tip, and a black, anterior spot near the inner margin : pectus pale-brownish. Obs. This species frequently occurs in various parts of the United States. It is an inhabitant of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and I also found specimens near the falls of the Ohio river ; and another was sent to me by Dr. T. W. Harris, of Massachusetts. A variety in my cabinet, is altogether destitute of the semifascia on the inferior wings. The two upper figures. Phryganea interrupta. — Specific character. Grayish; su- perior wings with a longitudinal black line, and a smaller one near the tip. Desc. Body with grayish hair : eyes fuscous ; palpi and an- tennae black ; superior wings gray, disk tinged with dusky, a black line extending from the base to near the middle of the terminal edge, and slightly interrupted in its middle ; nearer the costal margin, and beyond the middle, is an abbreviated black line : inner margin hoary, immaculate ; inferior wings dull-ochre- ous, with a broad blackish tip : tibiae dusky : tarsi dusky, the joints pale at their bases. Obs. For this pretty species, I am indebted to my brother, who caught two specimens at Pleasant Mills, New Jersey. The right middle figure of the plate. CYCHRUS. Plate XLV. Generic character. Head narrower than the thorax ; external maxillary and labial palpi dilated, compressed, securiform ; lab- rum elongated, very profoundly emarginate; labium very large, profoundly emarginate, not wider at base than at tip ; mandibles narrow, elongated, bidentate near the tip ; thorax cordate, slightly, or not at all elevated each side, and not extended behind ; abdo- AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 99 men robust, convex ; elytra entire, not divided at the suture, carinate each side, and embracing the sides of the abdomen ; tarsi alike in the sexes. Obs. This is a limited genus, consisting in the time of Fabri cius, who constructed it, of only five species. As it now stands, under the reforming hand of Latreille and Dejean, it is certainly more rigidly natural. The latter author, in his " Species general des Coleopteres," describes nine species, and observes, that they are limited, in their geographical distribution, to Europe, Asiatic Russia, and North America ; that although they are, strictly speaking, Carabiei, yet they have so much the habit of the Hi t< romcra, that Linne placed them in his genus Tcncbrio. They are of a blackish color, glossed with a handsome metallic tint, chiefly of a purplish cast. They inhabit beneath stones, and under prostrate logs. The word Ci/chrvs is derived from K^of, the Greek name for a bird. Cychrus viduus. — Specific character. Black ; elytra cupre- ous-violaceous, polished, humeral edge, and lateral margins of the thorax reflected, the latter contracted behind. Cyclirus unicohr Knoch neue Beytrage, p. 187, tab. 8, fig. 1. Nobis, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. vol. ii. new series, p. 71. Cychrus riduus Dejean, Spec. Gen. Coleop. vol. ii. p. 12, No. 9. Desc. Head black, with a slight blue tinge : antennas brown at tip : thorax blackish-blue, disk a little convex, and with an impressed line ; lateral margins reflected ; widest rather before the middle, and narrowed behind ; posterior angles rounded : elytra bright coppery-violaceous, or dark purplish, with numerous striae, in which are dilated, confluent punctures ; beneath black. Obs. Probably the largest species of the genus, and is by no means common. The specimen from which the above description, and the annexed figure were taken, was presented to me by Mr. William Hyde of Philadelphia, who obtained it near the Susque- hanna river. Two other specimens have since come into my possession. This species was first described by Knoch, under the name of unicolor; supposing it to be the same with that of Fabricius, and on his authority, I retained the appellation in my " Descrip- tions of the Carabiei and Hydrocanthari;" but after the publica- 100 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. tion of that paper, being induced to examine the descriptions of Fabricius, and Olivier, I perceived at once that the unicolor of Knoch, was not that of those authors. Under this impression, I sent the insect to Count Dejean, under a new name, which he adopted. I have been thus particular in this statement, in order to record an opinion which I have always entertained, and which every observation tends to confirm. That it is of no consequence what- ever, who gives a new name, either in a catalogue or letter, or attached to the insect in his cabinet, or elsewhere ; but as it is the describer that incurs the responsibility, his name only ought to be quoted with that of the insect, or other object described by subsequent naturalists. Under the operation of this principle, the present species is the C. viduus Dejean. The upper figure of the plate. SPH.ERODERUS. Plate XLV. Generic character. Head narrower than the thorax ; external maxillary and labial palpi, with the last joint dilated, securiform, compressed ; labrum elongated, profoundly emarginate ; labium very large, profoundly emarginate, not wider at base than at tip; mandibles elongated, narrow, bidentate near the tip ; the thorax rounded, not elevated on the sides, nor extended behind ; abdo- men robust, convex; elytra entire, not divided at the suture, carinate each side, embracing the sides of the abdomen ; tarsi with the three basal joints, in the male, dilated. • The present group was separated from Cyclirus, by Count Dejean, who remarks, that at first view, they resemble some small species of Carabus, and particularly the convexus; that in com- parison with the true species of the genus Cj/c/irus, the head is a little less elongated, the antennae a little shorter, and the thorax, instead of being cordate, is rounded, oval or orbicular, convex, not elevated on the side, nor behind; the first and second joints of the anterior tarsi in the male, are much dilated, the first, truncate-triangular; the second, quadrate broader than long; the third is less dilated, cordate. The word Sphseroderus, is derived from the Greek words AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 101 2p*iy>*, sphere, and &Apn } neck, in allusion to the form of the thorax. Spii.eroderus stenostomus. — Specific character. Black ; elytra dark cupreous, basal thoracic lines distinct. Cychrus stenostomus Weber. Obs. Ent. p. 43, Knoch, neue Beytr. p. 190, pi. 8, f. 13. Schonh. Sys. p. 166. Nobis, Trans. Amor. Philos. Soc. (new series) vol. ii. 72. Sphseroderus stenostomus Dejean, Spec. Cokiopt. vol. ii. p. 15. Desc. Head black, glabrous, impunctured : antennas brownish towards their tips : thorax black, tinged with blue, rounded, widest in the middle, contracted behind ; base narrower than the elytra, punctured ; basal edge rectilinear ; dorsal line very distinct ; basal lines profoundly impressed, obtuse, punctured : elytra dark cupreous, striaa numerous, obtuse ; interstitial lines narrower than the striae, obtuse ; edge dark blue ; humeral edge not dilated nor reflected : epipleura punctured : pectus punctured at base : postpectus and venter each side at base, punctured. Obs. This species is not uncommon in Pennsylvania, I have also received a specimen from Mr. Charles Pickering, taken in Massachusetts. The left figure of the plate. Sphseroderus bilobus. — Specific character. Violaceous; beneath black ; margins not reflected ; basal thoracic lines obsolete. Cychrus bilobus nob., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. (new series) vol. ii. p. 73. Sphseroderus bilobus Dejean, Spec. Gen. Coleopt. vol. ii. p. 16. Desc. Body beneath black : head black, with a slight viola- ceous tint : antennae and palpi pale piceous : thorax cupreous- violaceous, polished, broadest rather before the middle, much narrowed behind ; lateral margin not dilated nor reflected ; base depressed and much punctured ; basal lines obsolete ; basal edge rectilinear, not wider than the pedicle of the postpectus ; disk somewhat bilobated, being convex each side, and gradually in- dented in the middle by the dorsal line ; anterior margin de- pressed, and rugose in the middle : elytra cupreous-violaceous, strias numerous, punctured : pectus beneath, postpectus and ab- domen each side, punctured. Obs. This is somewhat smaller than the stenostomus, from 102 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. which jt is very distinct, and is the most brilliant species we have. I have not yet met with it in the Atlantic States. The first specimen was obtained in Missouri, and I caught another in the North- Western Territory, when travelling over that region with Major Long's party. The right figure of the plate. SCAPHINOTUS. Plate XLV. Generic character. Head narrower than the thorax; external maxillary, and labial palpi, with the last joint dilated, compressed, securiform ; lab rum elongated, profoundly emarginate ; labium very large, profoundly emarginate, not wider at base than at tip; mandibles elongated, narrow, bidentate near the tip ; thorax with the lateral margins reflected, posterior angles extended ; elytra entire, not divided at the suture, prominently carinate each side, and embracing the sides of the abdomen ; tarsi with the three basal joints of the anterior feet a little dilated in the male. Obs. Separated by Latreille, from the genus Oychrus, and consisting as yet, of a single species only, though Dejean sup- poses that the Oychrus unicohr of Fabricius, will constitute a second species, but the latter does not appear to be at present known to entomologists. This genus is most closely allied to Cyclirus and Sphseroderus, but particularly to the former; the thorax, however, is of a different form, and the anterior tarsi of the male are a little dilated. We have remarked in our Preface, p. vi. that " care has been taken that species of different genera be not represented in the same plate." It seems therefore proper, that we should state the reason why we have not complied with this intention in the annexed plate, where three genera are introduced. That plate was engraved before the author left Philadelphia, on a visit to New-Harmony, Indiana, his present residence, and it was only a few months since, that he received the second volume of Dejean's Species General des Coleopteres, published last year, in which the distinguished author has reformed the genus Oychrus. But as the object of that intention was, that the work might be " bound up, when completed, agreeably to systematic order in the succession of genera," the author conceives that no disad- vantage can ever arise from this circumstance, as these genera AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 103 are so closely allied, that it seems hardly possible, any future discovery shall disturb their proximity. Scapiiinotus elevatus. — Specific character. Blackish ; elytra violaceous-cupreous, polished ; hardly narrower behind. Carabus elevatus Fabr., Ent. Syst. i. p. 132. Oliv. Ins. vol. iii. p. 46, pi. 7, fig. 82. Oliv. Enc. Meth. (Carabe) p. 334. Linn. Syst. Nat. Gmel. p. 1967. Cychrus elevatus Fabr., Syst. Eleuth. i. p. 1G6. Knoch, neue Beytr. p. 188, pi. 8, fig. 12. Latr. Hist. Nat. 8, p. 289. Nob. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. vol. ii. (new series) p. 71. Schonh. Syn. p. 166. Scapiiinotus elevatus Dejean, Spec. Gen. vol. ii. p. 17. Desc. Head black, very slightly tinged with violet, impunc- tured : antennas brownish towards the tips : thorax black, slightly tinged with violaceous, the sides gradually more reflected to the hind angles, hardly contractly behind ; disk concave, with small, numerous, irregular punctures ; base nearly as broad as the base of the elytra ; basal angles prominent, acute : elytra violaceous-cupreous, brilliant ; striae numerous, obtuse ; inter- vening lines narrower than the striae, obtuse ; humeral edge dilated, reflected, elevated and rounded : epipleura confluently punctured : pectus with a few punctures at base ; lateral margin with minute punctures : postpectus and venter, each side at base? with large punctures. Obs. This species was supposed, by all the authors, previous to Knoch, to be a native of South America, but that entomologist determined its native country, by receiving specimens from the late Dr. F. V. Melsheimer, of Hanover, Pennsylvania. The lowest figure of the plate. MELLT,E[A]. Plate XLVI. Generic character. Antennas with a short, somewhat broad, compressed terminal club; palpi divaricating, hairy, second joint compressed, terminal joint acicular, half the length of the pre- ceding joint; inferior wings suborbicular, somewhat checkered beneath ; anterior feet short, feeble ; tarsi with double nails. Obs. The distinction between this genus a.nd Arg^/nnis, is very slight, too much so, we think, to justify the continuation of it, except perhaps as a subgenus. We have set down the characters 104 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. pretty much as we find them in the authors, and, although it is obvious, that they do not agree very well with the species we have placed under it, yet there cannot be the slightest doubt of the correctness of the reference. Perhaps the only striking character by which the species may be separated from those of the above mentioned genus, is that of the somewhat checkered appearance of the inferior page of the posterior wings. A more remarkable distinction may be observed in the larvae, which are not armed with spines as in Argynnis, but are pubescent, with small fleshy tubercles on the body ; the pupa is suspended by the tail. The genus under the present name, was separated from the Linnsean Papilio by Fabricius. Melit^e myrina. — Sj)ecific character. Wings slightly in- dented, fulvous, with black spots and undulated lines ; beneath with more than thirty silvery spots, and an ocellate spot near the base of the inferior ones. Papilio myrina Cromer, ii. p. 141, pi, 189, fig. B. C. Fabr. Ent. Emend, p. 145. Herbst, Natursyst. ix. p. 178, pi. 255, fig. 3, 4. Desc. Wings fulvous, slightly indented on the exterior edges ; superior wings with black, transverse, undulated, and interrupted lines, occupying the basal portion to a considerable distance beyond the middle, the first sublunate, the second double ; towards the tip, a transverse series of black dots, then of black angles, confluent with the block nodose edging ; inferior surface paler, the series of black dots obsolete ; immediately before this series, and near the anterior margin, are two somewhat silvery spots ; a somewhat silvery spot within each of the black submar- ginal angles, the margin destitute of black ; inferior wings with two, much undulated, nearly parallel lines, from the middle of the anterior margin curve round and terminate near the base, near which they become confused, they enclose a black spot ; a series of black dots, angles, and margin, as in the superior wings; beneath tinged with ferruginous, and varied with ochreous spots, with four transverse series of silvery spots ; the second series in- terrupted by ochreous spots, between the first and second series is a small silvery ocellate spot with a black pupil ; beyond the third series, is a series of obsolete brown dots. AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 105 Obs. This pretty little species is common in various parts of the United States, extending as far south as Florida, and north at least to Massachusetts, from whence Dr. T. W. Harris' sent me a specimen. It resembles several foreign species, and particularly the A. Selene, for which it may be easily mistaken, but on com- parison, that species will be found to have the third series of silvery spots widely interrupted in the middle, and the small ocellate spot near the base is not silvery, but black, with a pale pupil; still, however, they are so very closely allied, that in con- sidering them as distinct species, I rely on the authors whose synonyms are quoted above. The plant is the Claytonia virginica. PLOIAMA. Plate XLVII. Generic character. Body elongated, filiform ; feet ambulatory, very long, with distinct nails ; anterior pair shortest, raptatory, with elongated coxae ; eyes moderate ; labrum very short ; an- tennae elongated, setaceous, four-jointed; beak inflected. Obs. Such is the particular form and appearance of the an- tennae in insects of this genus, that on a slight inspection, a per- son would almost be disposed to pronounce them ambulatory, and that there are therefore eight feet. But no true insect yet known, has more or less than six feet. As respects the remark- ably long and slender form of some of the species, they have con- siderable affinity for the genus Spectrum, and the anterior pair of feet may be compared to those of Mantis and Empusa, with equal aptitude. These feet are much shorter than the others, are used almost altogether for the purpose of seizing and convey- ing the prey to their mouth ; whilst the two posterior pairs sup- port the body, and move it from place to place. Their move- ments are rather slow and unsteady, moving up and down upon their legs as they proceed forwards, in the manner of the Crane-fly. ( Tipula). They feed on small insects. Scopoli first established this genus ; the species were referred to Oimex, by Linne and others, and Fabricius, unacquainted with what Scopoli had done, perceived the necessity of forming a genus for them, and this he called Einesa, of which he describes four species ; three belong- ing to America, and one to the East Indies. Cimex vagabundus 106 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. Linn., of Europe, is a fifth species, which, however, Fabricius placed in his genus Gem's. The word Ploiaria, is of uncertain origin; Mr. Dunieril sup- poses it to have been derived from the Greek name for a small vessel, TiKoldftav. (naviadaJ) Ploiaria brevtpennis. — Specific character. Fuscous-rufous, glabrous ; wings abbreviated ; feet near the knees annulated. Desc. Body fuscous, more or less tinged with sanguineous : antennae very slender, with a white annulus at the tip of the first joint : anterior tibiae with the spines black at tip : nervures of the wings brownish : intermediate and posterior feet with the thighs near the tip, and tibiae near the base biannulate with whitish : tergum beneath the wings bright sanguineous. Obs. This is a very common insect, and is often found even in the city of Philadelphia, It inhabits out-houses, where it may be observed generally motionless on the walls. When disturbed, it moves its body up and down on its legs, and at the same time advances slowly forwards. The line denotes the natural size. MALACHIUS. Plate XLVIII. Generic character. Body furnished with coeardes : head re- tracted to the eyes within the thorax : antennae ten-jointed, fili- form, serrated ; mandibles emarginate : labium entire ; palpi fili- form ; tarsi simple, nails with a tooth beneath ; elytra flexible. Obs. Linnaeus referred these insects to his genus Cantharis ; from which his learned successor, Fabricius, separated them, and constituted a group under the present name, derived from the Greek word f**\a*o(, which means soft, delicate, in allusion to the consistence of the body. They differ from the genus Dasytes Payk., in being less elongated, and furnished with the coeardes ; their antennae also are placed nearer together at base ; otherwise the two genera are closely allied. These insects are frequent in some situations on flowers, the nectareous juices of which they appear to extract, though it has been asserted, but we know not upon what authority, that in ad- dition to their liquid food they prey also upon insects. When alarmed for their safety, the coeardes are suddenly pro- truded, and when reassured of security, these singular organs are AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 107 retracted, so that no remnant of them remains in view. The cocardes are three-lobed bodies, of a vivid red color, and vesicu- lar consistence, situated one on each side near the anterior angles, of the thorax, and another on each side of the base of the abdomen. Their uses are altogether unknown, but we cannot suppose them to be of primary importance, since one, and indeed all of them have been cut off without diminishing the agility of the insect, or subjecting it to any apparent inconvenience. Like the retractile cervical appendage of the larvae of Papilioncs, it may possibly serve to repel their enemies. Olivier supposes that the larvae of the Malachius live in wood. Latreille informs us that in some of the species one sex has an appendice at the tip of each elytrum, iu the shape of a hook, which is seized by the mandibles of the opposite sex in order to arrest the fugitive. Malachius biptjnctatus. — Specific character. Thorax ru- fous, with two remote black spots ; elytra blue ; abdomen sangui- neous. 31. bipunctedus nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. vol. iii. p. 185. Desc. Head black, with a slight greenish tinge ; all before a line drawn between the anterior canthi of the eyes, including the antennae, yellow ; mandibles and terminal joints of the palpi black ; thorax yellowish-rufous, with two small remote, rounded black dots; posterior submargin somewhat indented : elytra blue or greenish : pectus rufous : postpectus and feet black : abdomen sanguineous. Obs. This fine species is an inhabitant of the Arkansaw re- gion near the Rocky Mountains, where I captured two speci- mens. In magnitude it exceeds any other North American spe- cies yet known. The second joint of the antennae in the male is dilated and irregular. The lowest figure of the plate. [Belongs to the genus CoUops Er. — Lec] Malachius tricolor. — Specific character. Head, postpectus, and feet black ; labrum and thorax rufous ; abdomen rufo-testa- ceous. M. tricolor nobis, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. vol. iii. p. 182. Desc. Head black ; labrum, clypeus on its anterior margin and palpi at base, pale rufous : antennae pale rufous, dusky at tip : thorax transverse, nearly oval, rather short, rufous, immaculate : 108 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. elytra dark bluish-green, or somewhat violaceous ; middle of the lateral edge obsoletely piceous : postpectus and feet deep black : venter testaceous. Variety, a. Elytra blue ; venter and thorax sanguineous. Obs. This species was taken on the Mississippi, and specimens also occurred near the Rocky Mountains. It is as large as M. 4-maculatus Fabr., and larger than M. tJioracicus Fabr., which it much resembles. The variety was sent me from Massachu- setts by Mr. Charles Pickering. The right figure of the plate. [Also a Collops. — Lec] Malachius nigriceps. — Specific character. Thorax rufous, with a large black spot : elytra blue : venter sanguineous. 31. nigriceps nobis, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. vol. iii. p. 183. Desc. Head deep black, pale testaceous or rufous before : tho- rax rufous, with a large black spot, sometimes composed of two dilated, confluent ones, and not attaining the anterior margin : elytra violaceous, blue, or greenish ; pectus rufous, at the origin of the feet black : postpectus black : feet black : thighs sometimes rufous, particularly the anterior ones : venter sanguineous. Variety, a. Thorax entirely black. Obs. Distinguishable from the tricolor by the black spot of the thorax, and by the proportion of this part, which is compa- ratively longer than in that insect. Its antennae present the re- markable character of the dilatation and irregularity of the second joint of the antennae. The upper middle figure of the plate. [Also a Collops ; the form of the second joint of the antenna3 mentioned is peculiar to the male. — Lec] Malachius vittatus. — Specific character. Thorax rufous, with a large black spot : elytra blue, margin and suture rufous. M. vittatus nobis, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. vol. iii. p. 184. Desc. Head black ; labrum and base of the antennae rufous : thorax rufous, with a dorsal black spot composed of two confluent ones, not reaching the anterior margin : elytra bright greenish- blue : exterior margin, suture, and tip rufous ; this color is a little dilated behind the humerus ; pectus rufous ; about the base of the feet black : postpectus and venter black, incisures of the AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 109 latter edged with testaceous : feet black : anterior pairs of tibiae often piceous. Obs. This species is somewhat smaller than M. qnarfrlmacu- latus. It is closely allied to M. tricolor. The second joint of the antennae of the male is dilated and irregular. Mr. Thomas Nuttall first obtained specimens of the vlttatus in the Mississippi region, where I have since met with it. The upper figure of the plate. MalACHITJS OTIOSUS. — Specific character. Thorax rufous, with a dilated longitudinal line ; antennae and elytra black. Malarious algrlpcnnls nobis, Jouru. Acad. Xat. Sciences, vol. iii. p. 184. Desc. Body black, inconspicuously hairy: head with three obtuse indentations between the eyes ; antennae black ; labrum and clypeus before, rufous : thorax rufous, with a much dilated black line from the anterior to the posterior edge : elytra black, with a very slight violaceous tinge : pectus pale rufous, or testa- ceous ; origin of the feet black : postpectus black : venter black, segments with more or less dilated, sanguineous margins ; some- times entirely sanguineous : feet black ; anterior thighs some- times pale. This species is readily separable from M. nigriceps by its infe- rior size and blackish elytra and antennae, and by the circum- stance that the black line of the thorax is continued to the anterior edge. Count Dejean informs me the name nigripennis is preoccupied in this genus ; I have therefore been compelled to change it. The lower middle figure. [Belongs to Anthocomus Er. — Lec] PHILANTHUS. Plate XLIX. Generic character. Labrum concealed ; eyes not extending to the posterior part of the head, very slightly emarginate ; stem- mata three ; antenna? thicker towards the tip, inserted in the middle of the face ; nasus trilobate ; mandibles simple ; radial cell one, elongated, acute at tip ; cubital cells three, the first large, the second small, sessile, receiving the first recurrent ner- vure, the third subquadrate, elongated at its exterior inferior 110 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. angle and receiving the second recurrent nervure, an imperfect fourth cellule sometimes exists ; feet rather short. Obs. In the present order of insects called Hymenoptera by Linne, are many species whose manners are highly interesting : living together harmoniously in large communities, and laboring for the attainment of a common object, such species exhibit such eminent proofs of intelligence, as to stagger the vain theorist in the midst of his speculations, and to render insecure the distinc- tion which he has endeavored to establish between the blindness of instinct and the splendid nature of reason. But the far greater portion associate by pairs, in their perfect state, for the important purpose of continuing their race, and of these are the species of the genus under consideration. It has been long known that the PMlantM are parasitic ; the female digs a hole in the earth for the reception of her egg, with which she places the body of an insect that she had killed for the nurture of her young ; she then completes her task by covering the hole with earth. Latreille gives the following interesting account of the P. apivorus of Europe. It is a dangerous enemy of the domestic bee. The female digs a horizontal gallery about a foot in depth in a sloping bank of light earth exposed to the influence of the sun ; she separates the earth, and carries it to the surface by means of her mandibles and feet. When the nest is thus completed, the parent visits the neighboring flowers for the pur- pose of obtaining a honey bee ; she seizes her victim, and kills it by piercing it with her sting at the junction of the head with the thorax, or of the thorax with the abdomen, and transports it to the bottom of the gallery. As each female deposits at least five or six eggs, the consequence is that the same number of bees must be destroyed. In an extent of ground about one hundred and twenty feet long, Mr. Latreille counted from fifty to sixty females actively employed in making their nests, these of course destroyed about three hundred bees. Let us then suppose a surface of country about six miles square, a fiftieth part of which would afford a proper situation for the operations of the females of this species of Philanthus ; these would be a sufficient number to destroy fifteen thousand of these useful insects. The eggs are white, nearly cylindrical, rounded at the two ends. The lame AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. Ill resemble those of the bee. The covering of the pupa is a thin pellicle. Fabricius first applied the name PhUanthus; but Latreille divided the group which his predecessor established under that name into two genera, retaining the appellation for the present group, and applying that of Cerceres to such as have denticulated mandibles, and the second cubital cellule petiolated. The former were called SimblepMlus, and the latter Philanthus, by Jurine. The name of this genus is compounded of the Greek words boletus, and
basal margin with a transverse yellow spot each side : elytra with
a transverse spot on each near the base; an undulated narrow band
across the middle, rising along the suture nearly to the scutel ; an
undulated transverse band behind the middle, and a terminal band ;
postpectus with the incisures margined with yellow : venter,
having the segments margined with yellow.
Obs. I caught the two sexes of this species in the North West
Territory, when traversing that part of the Union with Major
Long's party. It seems to have some resemblance to the C. mu-
cronatus Fabricius,of South America ; but the elytra are not mu-
cronate, and the markings of the superior surface of the body
are different.
The right figure of the plate.
120 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Clytus caprea. — Specific character. Fuscous; thorax with
the anterior edge yellow ; elytra with four bands at tip, yellow.
0. caprea nobis, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sei. vol. iii. p. 424.
Dcsc. Body blackish, hairy : head immaculate ; antennae short,
dull rufous : thorax very hairy ; a longitudinal series of trans-
verse, abbreviated, elevated lines, of which the anterior one is
much more elevated : a yellow line on the anterior edge, inter-
rupted on the side : scutel small, black : elytra dark brown, black-
ish towards the base ; four bands and tip yellow : the first and
second bands on each elytrum are united in the form of a circle,
only interrupted by the prominent humerus ; third band central,
and representing a common M ; fourth band drawn obliquely
backward from from the suture ; tip emarginate, a prominent
spine at the exterior angle : abdomen and posterior portion of the
postpectus fasciate with bright yellow sericeous hair : feet hairy,
rufous or blackish ; posterior pair elongated ; thighs dilated mu-
cronate at tip.
Obs. A handsome species, easily distinguished from others
by the rugous thoracic line, combined with the at the base
of the elytra. It inhabits this State, and Mr T. Nuttall pre
sented me with many specimens which he found in Arkansaw.
The bands of the elytra are sometimes white.
The left figure of the plate.
[This was subsequently described as C. elcvatus and C. gibbi-
collis Lap and Gory. — Lec]
DANAUS. Plate LIV.
Generic character. Anterior feet spurious in both sexes ; an-
tennas terminated by a club ; palpi distant, subcylindric, slender,
short ; inferior wings rounded, not forming a groove for the re-
ception of the abdomen; nails of the tarsi simple.
Obs. Latreille established this genus to comprehend the Fa-
brician genera Euploea and Idea. They were included in the
genus Papilio by Linnseus, and formed part of his division of
Danai festivi.
Danaus plexippus — Specific character. Wings entire, ful-
vous, with dilated black veins, margin black, with white dots.
Papilio danaus plexippus Linn. Syst. Nat. Grind, vol. i. part 5,
p. 2278
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 121
Papilio plexippw ('rum. vol. iii. p. 24, pi. 20(i, figs. E and F.
Ilerbst. Natur. vol. vii. p. 10, pi. 15G, figs. 1, 2.
Catesby, Carolina, vol. ii. pi. 88.
Linmus feruginea plexippe Hubner.
Papilio archippus Smith, Ins. of Georgia, vol. i. pi. 6.
Desc. Superior wings above fulvous) anterior margin black,
with white dots ; exterior margin black, with a double series of
white dots ; the black at the tip is very broad, and contains a
dilated, interrupted, and abbreviated fulvous baud, and several
pale fulvous spots ; posterior margin black, immaculate ; beneath
as above, but the spots are of a purer white ; inferior wings en-
tire, sometimes a little crenate, fulvous, with a black posterior,
and half of the exterior margins black, the former with a double
row of white spots, of which those of the middle are sometimes
nearly obsolete, outer margin with a single series of three or four
white spots ; nervures of the disk margined with fuscous, with
an elevated spot behind the middle, on the third nervure from
the inner margin ; beneath ochreous, in other respects resembling
the superior surface, but the spots are of a purer white and
larger, the nervures are more dilated, black, edged more or less
deeply with white ; body black, with numerous white dots on the
trunk, and a few on the head and neck above ; feet blued black.
Obs. The black margin of the superior surfiice of the wings
has an opalescent gloss in a particular light. The larva is an-
nulate with black and white, with two slender processes on the
anterior part of the body, and two on the posterior part. The
pupa is of a delicate green color, with dots of burnished gold. It
feeds on different species of Asclepias, and is very abundant in
the neighborhood of Philadelphia, on the A. syriaca, and accord-
ing to Abbott in South Carolina, on the A. curassavica. I con-
sider the present as the plexippw, on the authority of Gmelin,
who in his edition of the Systemata Naturae, states its native
country to be North America. I have of course omitted many
synonyms and references which that author has inserted, as I
consider them to be doubtful. Catesby's figure cannot be mis-
taken ; he states that the species is " common in most of the
northern colonies in America."
The plate represents two views of the insect.
EXPLANATION
OP
TERMS USED IN E'NTOMOLOGY.
A.
Abbreviated, shortened, not extending to the extremity of a given
part ; (elytra) shorter than the abdomen.
Abdomen, the posterior portion of the body, divided into segments
or rings, by sutures or incisures ; including the viscera, geni-
tals, &c, and composed of tergum, venter, stigmata, and anus.
Abrupt, terminating suddenly, not drawn out to a point.
Acetabuliform, like a circular shallow saucer, the sides of which
are more or less incurved. See calathiform.
Acetabulum, that segment of the postpectus that is situated behind
the per istacthium ; it is bounded each side by the parapleurse,
and behind by the meerianse ; it contains cavities before for
the insertion of the intermediate feet.
Acicular, needle-shaped ; approaching subulate, but more slen-
der, with a more delicate and pungent point ; closely allied to
acerose.
Acinaciform, cimitar-shaped ; sabre-shaped ; one thick and straight
edge, the other thin and curved.
Acini, granulations.
Aculeate, prickly ; furnished with, or ending in, prickles ; armed
with small sharp points.
Aculeate-serrate, armed with numerous short spines or prickles
inclining towards one end.
Actdei, prickles ; small sharp points.
Aculeus, the instrument and appendages with which the female
lays her eggs ; the oviduct or sting ; an elongated dart, often
poisonous, seated in the extremity of the abdomen ; it is com-
pound, having two or more darts; exserted, projecting; re-
condite, concealed ; retractile, capable of being withdrawn ;
simple, having but one point; or vaginate ; inclosed in a bivalve
sheath ; it is composed of vcdvse, vagina, and spicule.
124 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Acuminated, tapering to a point ; a point lengthened out.
Acute, sharp pointed.
Adnate, connected; adhering or growing together; adjoining;
(abdomen) attached to the thorax without the intervention of
a, petiole.
Adpressed, contiguous; pressed to, or laid to.
uEquata, equal.
jEroscepsin, a supposed unknown sense, of which the antennae
are, by some, believed to be the organs.
JEruginom, the color of verdegris; light bluish-green.
Alse, wings.
Alatcd, winged; furnished with wings, or with projecting bodies
somewhat like wings.
Alb id us, a dusky white.
Albus, white.
Alternate, so placed that between two on one side, there is but
one on the opposite side ; or a series of spots on the chequer-
board would be said to be alternately black, or alternately
white. See opposite.
Alveolate, furnished with cells.
Alveole, a cell like that of a honeycomb.
Ambulator?/, formed for walking. See saltatory, cursory.
Anal angle, the inner posterior angle of the inferior wings of the
Lepidoptera.
Anastomosing, inosculating, or running into each other like
veins.
Anastomosis, a spot in the upper wing, at the branching of the
nervures, near the costal edge ; the stigma ; in general this
word is used to indicate the connection of any two nervures of
wing, by means of a transverse nervure.
Anceps, two-edged, very similar to ensiform.
Ancipital, having two opposite edges or angles.
Annulata, or annulosa, one of the four great types into which
Cuvier divides the animal kingdom ; it consists of those ani-
mals whose bodies are more or less divided transversely into
segments. It includes the classes Crustacea, Myriapoda, Arach-
nides, Insecta, and Vermes.
Annulate, or anmdated, furnished with colored rings; marked
with differently colored ambulations.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 125
Annulus, a ring; the circumference of the gula in which the
lora terminates ; a term applied to colored rings upon the body
or members, differing from a land, by being continued quite
round.
Antennae, two articulated organs of sensation, situated on the
head ; in the Hymenoptera particularly, they are divided into
radicula, scapus, pedicettus, and apex; they are moniliform,
setaceous, clavate, &c.
Anterior angle, of the thorax, is the lateral angle near the head
on each side.
Anterior margin, the margin on the anterior side of the wings,
extending from the base to the apex; the costal margin;
opposite to the posterior margin.
Anterior palpi, the labial palpi.
Anterior icings, the superior icings.
Antipenultimate, the last but two.
Anus, the apex of the abdomen, in which the organs of genera-
tion in most insects are attached or concealed; including fim-
bria, aculeus, and pern's.
AjJcx, in general indicates the terminal portion of any organ or
part of the body ; (of the wing) it is that part or angle which
is opposed to, or at the greatest distance from, the base ; (ligula)
the portion which is not included in the tubus ; (maxillae) that
portion which is above the palpus.
Apiculate, covered with fleshy, erect, short points. See verru-
cose.
Apodal, (larvae) with simple tubercles instead of feet. See
geometrse.
Apophysis, the coxse ; the two small basal joints of the feet. See
trochanter and flocculus.
Approaching, con verging.
Approximate, near to, near together ; (antennae) close together
at base.
Aptera, insects without wings ; many of the Coleoptera are des-
titute of wings, and in most of such species the elytra are
inseparable : the females of several species of the Lepidoptera
are also destitute of wings ; as are also some of the Hymenop-
tera.
Arachnoid 'eons, cobweb-like ; resembling a cobweb.
126 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Arcuated, or arquated, bowed.
Arese, or Areolse, wing cells ; the membranaceous spaces between
the nervures ; the cellules.
Aristate, or setarious, (antennaj) furnished with a hair, which
arises from the superior, lateral, or terminal portion of the ter-
minal joint, as in the common house-fly. See clavate, lamel-
late.
Articulate, divided into distinct joints.
Articulation, joint; this word is generally used to denote the
space between two joints; articulations are apparent, when
their distinction is obvious, and obsolete, when their separa-
tion are not, or hardly visible. The Coleopteva have generally
eleven articulations to each antenna, the Hemiptera four to
six, the Hymenoptera commonly thirteen in the males and
twelve in the females.
Artus, the members; the instruments of motion, wings, feet, &c.
Asperous, rugged ; with very distinct elevated dots, more uneven
than scabrous.
Assurgent, rising ; declining at the base, and rising in a curved
manner to an erect posture.
Ater, the deepest black.
Atomus, a minute dot or point.
Atrojmrjmreus, dark purplish, almost black.
Atrovirens, dark green, approaching blackish.
Attenuated, growing slender; tapering.
Aurantiacus, orange color ; a mixture of yellow and red. See
fidvous.
Aurelia, that state of the imperfect insect which succeeds the
larva ; the chrysalis or quiescent state of transformation of an
insect, in which it is often inclosed in a separate hard cocoon
ox follicle. See nymplia, pupa.
Aureus, golden-yellow.
Auricle, or auricula, an appendage resembling a little ear; a
short membranaceous process, placed laterally on the tongue,
it is peculiar to the family Andrenidae ; they are distinguished
from the lacinise interiores of the Apidae by being usually
serrate at tip ; they are the " petites parties en forme de bar-
billons " of Degeer ; a depressed lateral, rounded lobe of the
thorax.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 127
Axillary, placed in the crotch or angle of the origin of two
bodies; arising from the angles of ramification.
Assure, azure-blue ; nearly the same as cseruleus, but more like
ultramarine.
B.
Bad his, chestnut or liver brown.
Barb, a kind of spine armed with teeth pointing backwards.
Barbated, or bearded, (antennae) having tufts* or fascicles of hair
at the articulations ; (abdomen) tufted with hair at the sides
or tip.
Basal, or basilar, relating to the base.
Base, (of the wing or elytra) that part which is attached to the
thorax : (of the thorax) that part which is nearest to the elytra;
(of the abdomen) the part nearest to the metafhorax; (of the
tongue) the portion included in the tubus; (of the maxilla?)
the part below the palpus, including cardo smdpecten.
Bearded, barbated.
Bicaudatc, having two tails or processes ; this term is gener-
ally applied to the posterior wings of Lepidoptera when thus
formed.
Bieornute, two-horned.
Bicuspidate, ending in two points.
Bifarious, pointing in opposite directions.
Bifid, cleft; cloven in two. See emarginafe, furcate, biparted.
Bijugum, in two pairs.
Bilamellar, divided into two laminae.
Bi/obate, divided into two lobes.
Biloeular, having two cells or compartments.
Binate, in pairs : consisting of a single pair.
Biparted, profoundly divided into two parts. See bifid.
Bipupillate, an ocellate spot, having two pupils or dots within it,
of a different color.
Biradiate, consisting of two rays.
Bisetous, furnished with two setaceous appendages.
Bivalve, (proboscis) consisting of two valves or divisions united,
so as to form a tube.
Blind, or suboceUate, applied to an eye-like spot which is desti-
tute of the central spot or pupil.
128 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Body, includes every part of the insect, and is divided into head,
thorax, and abdomen.
Boreal, of or belonging to the north.
Botryoidal, clustered like a bunch of grapes.
Brachial tier cures, those nervures of the anterior wing that ori-
ginate at the thorax, and run somewhat parallel with the inte-
rior edge, towards the posterior angle or posterior edge, often
connected with the cubital cellules by means of the recurrent
nervures.
Bronze, the color of old brass.
Brunncus, pure very dark brown.
Bullate, blistered.
C.
Caducus, shedding ; easily and quickly falling off.
C&ruleus, color of the sky; sky-blue.
Csesius, pale blue, approaching gray.
Calathiform, bowl-shaped : hemispherical and concave. See
crater iform, procid iform.
CJalcarate, having a spur.
Calyculate, double-cupped : one cup placed within another.
Campanulate, bell-shaped : more or less ventricose at the base,
and a little recurved at the margin.
Canaliculate, channelled : excavated longitudinally, with a con-
cave line in the middle.
Cancellatc, or cancelled, cross-barred ; latticed ; having longi-
tudinal lines or grooves decussate by transverse ones.
Canus, hoary, with more white than gray.
Capillary, hair-like; long and slender like a hair. See fil iform.
Capitate, having a head; terminating in a little head or knob;
it differs from elavate by a more abrupt enlargement.
Capitulum, the dilated or labiated termination of a proboscis ;
the enlarged tip of the haltcres.
Caput, the head.
Cardo, or cardincs, in Hymenoptera, is a transverse corneous
body, situated between the base of the maxilke and the hra:
they are mentioned by Swammerdam as organs, by which, in
conjunction with the fulcrum, the proboscis is united to the
head.
Carina, a keel.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 129
Carinate, keeled ; resembling a keel ; having a longitudinal pro-
minence like the keel of a boat.
Carious, corroded, or having the appearance of being worm-eaten.
Carneous, flesh-colored.
Carjms, or punctum, is at the extremity of the radius and cu-
bitus of the anterior wing ; this is the joint in the wing of
some insects, by means of which it is folded transversely : it
has been called stigma in the Neuroptera, and is often opake.
Cartilaginous, of the consistence of cartilage or gristle.
Caruncle, a soft, naked, fleshy excrescence.
Cataphr acted, invested with a hard callous skin, or with scale*
closely united.
Caterpillar, the larva or eruca.
Cauda, the tail : the posterior and terminal part of the abdomen ;
an appendage of any kind terminating the abdomen is usually
called by this name. See amis.
Caudate, generally applied to the posterior wings of Lepidop-
tera, to indicate tail-like projections or processes.
Caudulse, tailets ; little tails.
Cellule, a portion of the wing included between the nervures. See
radial cellule.
Cemuous, bent ; the apex bent downward. See nutant.
Cespitose, matted together.
Cheek, the gena ; a portion of the head beneath the eyes on each
side.
Chela, the terminal portion of a foot, which has a moveable
lateral toe like the claw of crab.
Chrysalis, the second stage of the insect from the egg ; particu-
larly the second state of Lepidopterous insects, of which cater-
pillar or eruca is the first ; the pupa.
Cicatrix, a scar; an elevated, rigid spot.
Ciliate, fringed ; set with parallel hairs, bristles, &c.
Cinereous, ash-color ; gray tinged a little with blackish ; the color
of wood ashes.
Cingula, a colored band.
Circinal, spirally rolled inwards and downwards, as in the lingua
of Lepidoptera.
Class, one of the principal divisions in a system or arrangement
of natural bodies.
9
130 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Clavate, club-shaped ; gradually becoming thicker towards the
end. See capitate.
Claw, the imguis.
Clypeus, the superior portion of the head in Coleopterous insects.
Coadunate, joined together at base; two or more joined together;
(elytra) permanently united at the suture.
Coarctate, contracted ; compact ; opposed to effuse ; (metamor-
phose) that species of change in which the pupa assumes a
cylindrical shape, all the members of the body being concealed
as in the family of Hippobosca. See incomplete, semicom-
plete.
Cocardes, retractile vesicular bodies on each side of the stethi-
dium of insects of the genus Malachius.
Coccineous, the color of the blossom of the saffron.
Cochleate, twisted spirally like a screw, or a univalve shell.
Cocoon, a follicle.
Coenogonous, oviparous at one season of the year, and ovovivi-
parous at another, as the Aphides.
Coleoptera, the first order of insects, having 1 coriaceous elytra,
not lapped one over the other at tip ; coriaceous elytra.
Collar, the collum.
Collare, the somewhat elevated posterior part of the collum.
Collum, the neck or collar ; the anterior segment of the trunk
in such insects as have that part of the body divided into several
pieces, as in the Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, &c. ; in reality
it corresponds with the thorax of the Coleoptera, &c. See
collare.
Columnar, differs from cylindric, by tapering towards one end,
like the shaft of a column.
Comose, ending in a tuft, or kind of brush. See plumose.
Compressed, flattened laterally; the transverse diameter much
shorter than the vertical diameter. See depressed.
Concolores, applied to the wings of Lepidopterous insects when
their superior and inferior surfaces are of the same color.
Conduplicate, doubled, or folded together.
Conflect, crowded, clustered ; opposed to sparse.
Confluent, running into one another.
Congested, heaped together.
Conglomerate, congregated.
Conjugate, consisting of a single pair.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 131
Connate, united at base.
Connivent, converging or approaching; closing.
Contiguous, touching; placed so near as to touch. See approxi-
mate.
Contorted, twisted ; incumbent upon each other in an oblique
direction.
Convolute, rolled or twisted spirally : (wings) wrapping around
the body, the outer surface being convex. See revolute, in-
volute.
Con ve rijing, approaching each other towards the tip; connivent.
Corbicula, in many species of Hynienoptera, is a fringe of hairs
on the posterior tibiae, arising from the margins of the limb
only. See scopa.
Cordate, heart-shaped : it is not absolutely necessary that an
emargination should exist on the anterior part, but it requires
that the object be somewhat triangular with the corners of the
base rounded.
Coriaceous, leather-like ; thick, tough, and somewhat rigid.
Corneous, of a horny substance; resembling horn.
Corniform, horn-shaped ; long, mucronate, or pointed.
Cornutus, horn-shaped.
Corona, a crown-like apppearance.
Corpus, the body.
Corrugated, wrinkled.
Costa, the thickened anterior margin of a wing, between the base
and apex. See stigma.
Costal-margin, the anterior margin of wing.
C^state, ribbed; marked with elevated thickened lines.
Coxoz, the two-jointed base of the feet; the apophysis, consisting
of the patella and trochanter.
Crateriform, somewhat like calathi/orm, but not so much in-
flated, and rather approaching to infundibuliform. See urceo-
late.
Crenate, scolloped ; differs from serrate and dentate, in having
rounded teeth, not directed towards either end.
Cruciate, cross-shaped; having the shape of a cross; (wings)
incumbent, but the inner margins lay one over the other.
Crustaceous, somewhat hard, elastic, resisting the pressure of the
finger.
132 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Cubital-cellule, a portion of the superior wing, included be-
tween the nervure of the radial cellule and a nervure which
originates near the extremity of the cubitus, and runs in a
curvilinear direction towards the extremity of the wing; it is
complete if this nervure reaches the posterior edge, and incom-
plete if the nervure is abbreviated ; it is often divided into two
or three parts by transverse nervures ; when one of these parts
or small cellules appears to be supported by a petiole it is
termed a petiolated cellule ; it is called submarginal cellule by
some authors.
Cubitus, the second nervure of the exterior margin of the wing,
extending from the base to the carpus ; it is separated from
the radius by an intermediate membrane.
Cucullate, cone-shaped ; hooded.
Cultrate, shaped like a pruning-knife.
Cuneiform, wedge-shaped ; broad and truncated at one end, and
attenuated to the other.
Cupreous, coppery ; the color of copper.
Cuspidate, prickly-pointed ; ending in a sharp point; an acu-
minated point ending in a bristle. See mucronate.
Cursory, formed for running. See natatory.
Cyathiform, wineglass-shaped ; more or less obconical and con-
cave. See calaihiform, acetabuli/orm.
Cyaneus, dark-blue, like prussian-blue.
Cydariform, globose, but truncated at two opposite sides.
Cymbiform, boat-shaped ; navicidar.
J).
Deciduous, falling off easily. See caducus.
Decrepitant, crackling.
Decumbent, bending down ; upright at base, and bending down
at tip. See prommbent.
Decurreni, closely attached to, and running down another body.
Decurved, bowed downwards. See excurved.
Decussated, in cross-pairs ; pairs alternately crossing each other.
Deflected, bent downwards ; (wings) incumbent but not hori-
zontally, the outer edges declining towards the sides.
Dehiscent, gaping; open or standing open; deeply emarginate.
Deltoid, triangular spear-shaped ; trowel-shaped ; having the
general appearance of a triangle, with the terminal angle much
further from the base than the lateral ones.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 133
Dendroid, shrub-like ; having the appearance of a little tree.
Dentate, toothed ; with acute teeth, the sides of which arc equal,
the tip being opposite to the middle of the base. See serrate.
Dentate-serrate, tooth-serrated; the denticulations being them-
selves serrated on their edges.
Dentate-sinuate, toothed and indented.
Denticulated, set with little teeth or notches.
Dcnudrd, or denudated, destitute of covering; (wings) without
scales or hair.
Dependent, hanging down.
Depressed, pressed downward : more or less flattened vertically ;
the vertical diameter much shorter than the transverse diame-
ter. See compressed.
Detonant, exploding ; emitting a sudden noise.
Diaphanous, semitransparent ; clear.
Dichotomous, forked ; dividing by pairs.
Diffracted, bending in different directions.
Diffuse, spreading.
Digitate, finger-like : divided like fingers nearly to the base.
Digitus, the terminal joints of the tarsus and manus divided into
unguis and pidvillus.
Dimidiatus, half round ; extending half way round ; (elytra)
covering but half the terguni.
Dioptrate, applied to an ocellate spot, of which the pupil is di-
vided by a transverse line.
Diptera, that order of insects comprehending those that have
only two wings.
Disk, the surface within the margin.
Dislocated, applied to designate a stria or line which is inter-
rupted in its continuity, but of which the tips at the inter-
rupted parts are not in a right line with each other.
Dissilient, bursting open elastically.
Distinct, (antennae) not united at base.
Divaricate, straddling ; spreading out; (wings) incumbent, but
diverging behind.
Diverging, spreading out widely, so as to form nearly a right,
angle.
Dolabriform, hatchet-shaped ; compressed with a very promi-
nent dilated keel and cylindrical base. See securiform.
134 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Dorsal, of the back.
Dorsum, the posterior portion of the stetliidium on the superior
surface of the body, directly above the postpectus, and bounded
behind by the tergum; in the Coleoptera it is covered by the
basal portion of the elytra.
Duplicate, doubled.
E.
Ecalcarate, without a spur or horn.
EcMnate, set with prickles.
Edentulous, destitute of teeth.
Edge, of a surface, is that line which includes the margin, and
forms the extreme boundary ; the elytra of many Coleoptera
have a deflected margin beneath the edge called epipleura.
EJlected, bent outwards somewhat angularly.
Egg, the first state of the insect.
Elliptical, elongate-oval ; differs from oval by having ^he^ lines
nearly parallel in the middle.
Elytra, coriaceous, opake, more or less solid lamellae, separated
in repose by a rectilinear suture, substituted for the anterior
wings and covering the dorsum and tergum in repose ; in-
cluding base, tip, humerus, and epipleura. See liemelytra.
Emarginate, notched ; terminating in an acute notch at tip.
See sinuate.
Ensiform, sword-shaped ; two-edged, large at base, and tapering
towards the point. See ancipital.
Entire, (wings) with a simple margin ; not indented on the edge.
Epxipillate, an ocellate spot included by a colored ring, but desti-
tute of a pupil or central dot.
Epipleura, the deflexed or inflexed margin of the elytra, imme-
diately beneath the edge.
Equal, superfices without inequalities, not canaliculated, striated,
punctured, &c. ; this term differs from plane, in not requiring
the part to be level or in a rectilinear direction, but occurs in
round bodies ; also applied to bodies of the same length.
Equitant, folded one upon the other ; laminated.
Erect, upright ; nearly but not absolutely perpendicular to the
horizon. See vertical.
Eroded, gnawed ; as if worm-eaten ; (edge) with irregular teeth
and emarginations.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 135
Eruca, the state of Lepidopterous insects succeeding the egg;
caterpillar : larva.
Escutcheon, the scutel.
Essential character, a peculiar trait, distinguishing the genus or
species from all others.
Exaratus, sulcated.
Exarticidate, having no distinct joints.
Excaudate, or ecaudate, (wings) destitute of tail-like processes.
Excurved, curved outwards.
Explanate, spread out ; flat.
Exscutcllate, having no scutel.
Exscrted, protruded; opposed to inclosed; (aculeus) projecting,
not concealed within the body.
Extended, (wings) not lying one upon the other.
Exterior edge, or anterior edge, of the wings; it extends from
the base to the apex.
Exterior margin, (wing) the anterior margin from the base to the
apex.
Exterior palpi, the maxillary palpi.
Exuvia, the cast-off skin, the rejected covering. See vernantia.
Eyes, organs of sight, composed of very numerous hexagonal
lenses ; all insects have two eyes besides the stemmata.
F.
Face, or fades, the anterior and superior portion of the head;
including vertex, stemmata, eyes, front, and nasus.
Falcate, shaped like a sickle ; convexly curved before and con-
cave behind.
Farctus, filled full.
Fascia, a tranverse band or broad line ; a fascia is said to be
common, when it passes over both the superior and inferior
wings, as in many species of Lepidoptera, or when it passes
across the two elytra in Coleoptera. See striga.
Fasciated, banded.
Fascicle, a bundle.
Fasciculate, bundled ; clustered as in a bundle ; tufted.
Fastigiate, flat-topped ; of an equal height.
Fatiscent, spontaneously mouldering and falling to] pieces in the
air.
136 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Favose, honeycomb-like ; with large deep holes like the cells of
a honeycomb. See scrobiculate.
Feelers, the palpi.
Feet, six organs of motion situated beneath the body; consisting of
apophysis, femur, tibia, mantis, tarsus, plant us, and palma.
Femur, the thigh, or third joint of the feet.
Fenestrate, applied to the naked hyaline spots on the wings of
many of the Lepidoptera.
Ferruginous, the color of the oxide of iron ; brown approaching
yellow.
Filate, (antennae)'siniple, without a lateral hair or dilatation ; this
word is used in the order Diptera.
Filiform, thread-shaped ; slender and of equal thickness. See
setaceous, clavate.
Filose, ending in a thread-like process.
Fimbria, thick ciliated hairs at the termination of the abdomen ;
conspicuous in the genus Andrena. See scopa, flocculus.
Fimbriated, fringed.
Fissile, cloven ; divided into parallel lamellae, as in the antennae
of Scarabaeus, and the wings of the Alucitadae. See lamellate
Fissure, a crevice ; a narrow solution of continuity.
Fistular, hollow ; applied to a hollow cylinder.
Flabelliform, fan-shaped.
Flaccid, limber; feeble; lax.
Flagellum, the terminal portion of the antennae situated beyond
the pedicellus ; the apex.
Flavo-virens, green verging upon yellow.
Flexuous, zig-zag without acute angles ; seems to differ from
undulated in being alternately bent and nearly straight.
Flocculus, a hairy or bristly appendage of the posterior apophysis
in a few of the Hymenoptera. See fimbria.
Fluviatile, inhabiting rivers, as the larvae of many insects.
Foliaceous, resembling a leaf.
Follicle, a cocoon ; the covering formed by the larva for protec-
tion in its pupa state.
Forceps, two or more hooks or processes, sometimes branched
on the inner side, with which the male grasps the anus of the
female ; they constitute part of the penis.
Forcipated, formed somewhat like a pair of pincers.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 137
Fornicate, arched or vaulted.
Fossula, a sinus ; a small hollow ; foveola and scrobiculus have
nearly the same meaning.
Foveolate, covered superficially with cavities like a honeycomb.
Fragile, brittle, easily broken.
Front, anterior portion of the head, included by the eyes, vertex,
and nasus, and supporting the antennae ; (Diptcra) that portion
of the head which is above the antennae and between the eyes,
its superior portion is called the vertex.
Fulcrum, the corneous body on which the base of the tubus, or
sheath of the tongue, in the Hymenoptera, rests ; it is " le
pivot" of Reaumer.
Fuliginous, sooty ; of the color of soot.
Fulvous, orange-yellow.
Furcated, forked ; terminating in two divisions.
Fuscus, dark brown, with a slight mixture of gray.
Fusiform, spindle-shaped ; gradually tapering more or less to
each end.
G.
Galea, helmet ; a dilated inarticulate membranaceous piece on
each maxilla, that, together with the labrum, covers the
organs of the mouth in the Orthoptera and some of the Neu-
roptera.
Gastric, of or belonging to the belly.
Gelatinous, jelly-like ; having the consistence of jelly.
Geminate, situated in pairs.
Gena, cheek ; a portion of the head on each side immediately
beneath the eye, often turgid.
Geniculate, knee-jointed ; bending abruptly in an obtuse angle.
Genus, an assemblage of species which correspond in particular
characters.
Geometrse, larvse which when walking, alternately elevate and
straighten the middle of the body, as in those of the genus
Geometra ; opposed to rectigrade.
Gibbous, hump-backed ; protuberant.
Glabrous, smooth ; opposed to hairy, downy, villous, &c.
Glaucous, gray-bluish-green.
Globtdar, like a round ball ; all the diameters equal.
Glochis, a barbed point.
138 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Glomerate, congregated.
Glutinous, slimy, viscid.
Gracile, slender.
Granulated, covered with small grains.
Gregarious, living in society, as many of the larvae of Lepidop-
tera that fabricate a common web.
Griseus, light gray.
Grub, the larva ; generally applied to the immature Scarabseus.
Gula, concave portion beneath the head, between the base of the
mentum and the jugulum.
Gymnopterse, membranaceous and transparent wings without
scales.
H.
Habit, or habitus, the port or aspect ; used comparatively to ex-
press a resemblance in general appearance, apart from more
important markings derived from organization.
Habitation, or habitat, a situation or locality frequented by
insects.
Haletres, thepoisers, capitate moveable filaments, in the Diptera,
situated one on each side of the thorax, substituted for the in-
ferior wings, and often covered by the scale; they are said to
be naked when destitute of the scale.
Hamuli, minute hooks in Hymenoptera, situated on the anterior
margin of the under wing, they lay hold of the hind margin of
the upper wing.
Hamus, a hooked process, covered with scales, situated under
the upper wings near the base, in the males of many of the
Lepidoptera, receiving a bristle (tendo) from the lower wing ;
the hamus is never present in females.
Hand, the manus.
Hastate, halbert-shaped ; resembling the head of a halbert ; ex-
cavated at the base and sides, but with spreading lobes or
angles.
Haustellum, the sucker ; it is formed by the assemblage of in-
flexible setae, and inclosed in a rostellum or proboscis. See
lingula.
Head, the anterior portion of the body, connected at base with
the anterior portion of the stethidium; it includes occiput,
face, gena, mouth, gula, jugulum, and antennae.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 139
Heels, the spinulse.
Hemelytra, scales, generally coriaceous at base, and membrana-
ceous at tip, not divided by a straight suture, and substituted
for the anterior wings, as in the Orthoptera and Hemiptera.
See tegmina.
Hemispheric, convex above and flat below, like the half of a
globe.
Hepatic, liver-brown.
Hexapode, having six feet, as in all true insects.
Hirsute, rough with strong hairs; shaggy. See pilous, villous,
tomentous.
Hispid, bristly ; rough with stiff, short, sparse hairs. See stri-
gose.
Hoary, covered with a fine white silvery substance or pubescence.
See pruinous.
Homotene, retaining the primitive form ; referring to those arti-
culated animals with feet, that do not change their form with
their vernantia.
Horizontal, (wings) when at rest parallel to the horizon.
Horns, a word used by some writers to designate the antennae.
Humerus, the region of the exterior basal angle of the elytra ;
according to Meigen it is the anterior angles of the thorax in
Diptera.
Hyaline, transparent; vitreous.
Hymenoptera, an order of insects, comprehending those with
four membranaceous naked wings, as the bees and wasps.
Hypocrateriform, salver-shaped.
Hypostoma, that portion of a Dipterous insect which is included
between the antennae, the eyes and the mouth ; called by some
naturalists clypeus.
I.
Imago, the perfect insect, after having passed through the states
of larva and pupa.
Imbricate, tiled ; placed one over another like shingles on the
roof of a house.
Immacxdate, destitute of spots.
Immarginate, having no elevated margin or rim.
Imperfect, or incomplete metamorphose, is that species of change
from the larva to the imago, in which the feet and wings of
the pupa are immoveable, as in the Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, &c.
140 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Incanus, hoary.
Incimre, or suture of the abdomen, is an impressed transverse
line, marking the juncture of two segments.
Inclining, leaning.
Inconspicuous, not readily discernible. See obsolete.
Incrassated, thickened, swelled out at some particular part.
Incumbent, resting against; one lying over the other ; (wings)
which, when the insect is at rest, cover the back of the abdo-
men horizontally.
Incurved, bowed inwards. See recurved.
Indurated, hardened.
Inequal, unequal ; with irregular elevations and depressions on
the surface.
Inferior wings, those that are farthest from the head, otherwise
called posterior icings; they are generally smaller than the
superior or anterior wings ; many are provided with hamuli.
Inflected, bent inwards at an angle.
Infracted, bent inwards abruptly, as if broken.
Infundibuliform, funnel-shaped.
Inner margin, or interior margin, of the wings, is that margin
which extends from the base to the posteior angle.
Institia, stria of equal breadth throughout.
Instrumenta, cibaria, the trophi; parts of the mouth taken col-
lectively.
Interior edge, or inner edge, the boundary of the inner margin.
Interior palpi, the labial palpi.
Interrupted, broken in its continuity ; but the tips of the broken
parts are in a right line with each other. See dislocated.
Interstitial line, the longitudinal space which intervenes between
two strise of the elytra.
Intorted, turned or twisted inwards.
Invertebral, those animals which are destitute of the vertebral
column.
Involute, rolled inwards spirally.
Iris, of an ocellate wing spot, is a circle which surrounds the
pupil.
Irregular, (antennae) articulations strikingly unequal either in
magnitude or order.
Irrorate, marked with minute points ; dew-like.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 141
Joint, articulation ; this word is applied to the space between two
incisures, as the divisions of the antennae.
Jugulum, that cavity of the posterior part of the head to which
the neck is annexed.
K.
Keel, the carina.
L.
Labial palpi, articulated filaments, one on each side of the la-
bium; the interior or anterior -palpi.
Labiatcd, having lips.
Labium, lower lip ; composed of the mentum, and ligula or
tongue ; it supports the labial palpi.
Labrum, upper lip ; the superior member of the trophi ; it is
generally moveable, and applied to or placed immediately beneath
the nasus, and above the mandibles; it is sometimes entirely con-
cealed ; it is the labium of some authors.
Lacerated, ragged ; torn.
Lacinise exteriores, (in the family Apidae,) two elongated, flat-
tened or concave, biarticulate valves, situated on the tongue and
near their tip supporting the labial palpi; they are distinguished
from those palpi by being flat instead of cylindrical.
Lacinise inter iores, (in the family Apidas,) two inarticulate, mem-
branaceous valves, which embrace the tongue at its entrance into
the tube.
Laciniated, jagged ; cut into irregular segments.
Lactescent, yielding or secreting a milky fluid.
Lactcus, of a shining white or milky color.
Lacunose, pitted ; having the surface covered with small cavities.
See /arose.
Lamella, a thin plate or foliation.
Lamellated, (antennas) divided laterally into distinct plates or
foliations. Seejissile, setaceous, &c.
Lanate, woolly ; covered with dense, fine, long, white hairs, so
distinct that they may be separated. See tomcntose.
Lanceolate, lance or spear-shaped ; oblong and tapering to the
end.
Larva, the first state of an insect subsequent to the egg ; it is
known by the names maggot, grub, caterpillar, &c. ; it is slow,
sterile, and voracious ; the old authors called it eruca.
142 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Lateral, situated on the side.
Later itious, brick-color; like miniatus, but duller, and verging
towards yellow.
Latticed, cancellated.
Leg, the tibia.
Lenticular, spherically convex on both sides ; a depressed double
convex figure.
Lepidoptera, an order of insects, of which the wings are four in
number, covered by minute imbricated scales; as butterflies
and moths.
Leprous, with loose irregular scales.
Ligula, tongue ; the superior portion of the labium ; it is situ-
ated beneath the maxillae, generally of a soft texture, often bifid,
and frequently coriaceous at base. See lingxda, rostellum, ros-
trum, haustellum, proboscis, promuscis, and tubus.
Ligulate, strap-shaped, cut off at top; somewhat linear, and
much longer than broad.
Lilacinous, lilac color; like violaceous, but duller, tinged with
red.
Limb, the circumference.
Line, the twelfth part of an inch.
Linear, with parallel sides ; narrow and nearly of a uniform
breadth.
Lineated, lined ; streaked ; marked with lines.
Lingua, a bivalve, involuted, obtuse and fistulous tongue, com-
posed of two elongated semitubular fillets, which are in reality
elongated maxillse, as in the Lepidoptera ; the central organ
of the proboscis in the Hymenoptera constituting a cartilagin-
ous instrument of suction. Fabricius has applied the word
labium to denote this part, and he again applies the same word
to designate the whole proboscis ; it is " le levre inferieur " of
Degeer.
Linguiform, tongue-shaped ; linear with the extremities obtusely
rounded.
Literate, ornamented with characters like letters.
Livid, dark gray, verging towards violet.
Longitudinal, the direction of the longest diameter; situated
longitudinally with respect to the body.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 143
Lora, small corneous cords upon which the base of the probos-
cis is seated ; these parts seem to be intended to let out or
draw in the proboscis; when the latter is projected they point
towards the mouth, and when it is retracted they point towards
the breast ; they are " les leviers " of Reaumur.
Lubricous, covered with a slippery mucous.
Lucid, shining ; applied to insects which shine by night, as Lam-
pyris and Fulgora.
Luciferous, giving light.
Lunate, cresent-shaped ; formed like a new moon.
Lurid, of a brownish-blue color.
Luteus, unmixed yellow.
Lyrate, cut into several transverse segments, and gradually en-
larging towards the extremity ; lyre-shaped.
M.
Macula, a spot larger than a puncture, of an indeterminate figure,
and of a different color from the general surface.
Maculated, spotted ; marked with spots.
Maerianum, that segment of the postpectus situated one on each
side behind the acetabidum and parapleurum ; it supports the
posterior feet.
Maggot, the larva; commonly applied to the immature fly
(Musea).
Mandibles, the upper jaws, generally corneous, placed one on each
side immediately beneath the labrum, and above the maxillae,
moving transversely ; they are the maxillae of Kirby, and are
destitute of palpi.
Man us, the hand; the articulated termination of the anterior
feet; the anterior tarsus, including palma.
Marcescent, shrivelling.
Margin, that portion of a surface which is within the edge,
bounded on the inner side by the submargin, and consisting
of a more or less dilated imaginary line.
Marginal cellules, the radial cellules.
Marginated, surrounded by an elevated or attenuated margin.
Maxillae, jaws; one on each side of the mouth immediately be-
neath the mandibles, moving transversely, usually corneous at
base, and membranaceous or coriaceous at fip, and furnished
with one or two palpi.
144 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Maxillary palpi, or exterior palpi, articulated moveable filaments
near the middle of the dorsal edge of the maxillae ; in some
Coleoptera there are two pairs, and are then distinguished into
internal and external, the former is biarticulate and incumbent
on the back of the maxilla.
Members, (artus) the exterior organs of locomotion taken collec-
tively, as well as the appendices of the trunk and abdomen.
Membranaceous, thin, skinny and semitransparent like parch-
ment; of a thin pliable texture.
Meniscoidal, somewhat globular, with one side concave.
Mentum, the chin ; the lowest piece of the mouth, supporting the
lingula or tongue, and sometimes covering it in front.
Metamorphosis, an alteration in the appearance of an insect,
owing to the development of parts previously concealed, by a
sudden vernantia ; the transformation from the imperfect or
larva state to the perfect insect ; it is imperfect, semicomplete,
or coarctate.
Metathorax, the posterior portion of the stethidium on the
superior surface ; it is separated from the thorax and scutel by
sutures, and is particularly obvious in the Hymenoptera. See
dorsum.
Miniatus, red, like red-lead.
Modioli form, somewhat globular, truncated at both ends like the
nave of a wheel.
Monodacfyle, armed with a moveable nail which closes on the
tip ; it differs from chelate in having but one process.
Monarsenous, that kind of polygamy in which one male suffice?
for many females.
Moniliform, (antennae) beaded like a necklace. See aristate and
perfoliate.
Monogamous, propagating by the union of one male and one
female only.
Monothelious, that kind of polygamy in which a female is fecun-
dated by many males.
Mouth, the anterior and terminal part of the head, containing
the trophi.
Mucronate, terminated in a sharp point. See cuspidate.
Murwate, armed with sharp rigid points.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 145
Mystax, in some Diptera, is a patch of bristles or hair, imme-
diately above the mouth, on the lower part of the hypostoma,
below the vibrissse.
N.
Naked, (pupa) not foil iculatcd ; (surface) glabrous.
Nasus, the anterior termination of the face, particularly in Hy-
menoptera, often separated from the front by a suture, and
often elevated, sometimes gibbous ; it is very obvious in Vespa
and the kindred genera ; it has no relation with the organs of
smelling ; it supports the labrum.
Nail, the unguis.
Natatory, (feet) formed for swimming. See cursory, saltatory.
Navieidar, boat-shaped ; with a concave disk and elevated mar-
gin ; cymbiform.
Nebulous, clouded ; marked with many scattered, abrupt, dilated
lines of various forms.
Neck, a contracted posterior termination of the head in some in-
sects.
Nervures, nerves or vein-like processes which support the mem-
braneous part of the wings; divided into radial, cubital, bra-
chial and recurrent-
Neuroptera, an order of insects, including such as have four
finely reticulated wings and no sting, as Dragon-flies, May-
flies, &c.
Niger, black, a little tinged with gray.
Nitidus, nearly synonymous with lucid, but is less brilliant, and
is applied to highly polished surfaces.
Nutant, nodding ; the tip bent down towards the horizon.
Nymph, the second state of an insect, from the egg, the members
of which are free, or not enclosed with a common integument,
as in Grillus. See chrysalis, aurelia, pupa.
0.
Ob, perfixed to a word generally signifies inversely.
Obconic, inversely conic ; conic with the vertex pointing down-
ward.
Obcordate, inversely heart-shaped ; heart-shaped with the point
applied to the base of another object or part.
10
146 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Oblate, flattened ; this term is applied to a spheroid of which the
diameter is shortened at two opposite ends.
Oblong, the transverse diameter much shorter than the longitu-
dinal.
Obovate, inversely egg-shaped, the narrow end downwards or
towards the base.
Obsolete, indistinct; inconspicuous.
Obtect, (pupa) wrapped in a crustaceous covering.
Obtuse, blunt ; ending in a segment or circle.
Occiput, the hinder part of the head ; the part behind the vertex.
Ocellate, applied to the eye-like spots on the wings of Lepidop-
terous insects, usually formed of a differently colored iris or
ring, inclosing one or more small spots.
Ocelli, the stemmata.
Oculi, the eyes.
Ochrcous, yellow with a slight tinge of brown.
Onychia,, two or three small processes between the unguis at the
termination of the tarsus. See pulvillus
Operculum, a lid ; a small valvular appendage.
Opposite, placed on the side opposite to another, so that the bases
of the two are on the same transverse line. See alternate-
Orbicular, round and flat, the diameters of the plane equal.
Orbit, an imaginary border around the eye.
Order, the subdivision of a class.
Os, the mouth and its parts.
Oval, somewhat egg-shaped, but the outlines of the ends are
equal. See ovate.
Ovate, shaped like the longitudinal section of an egg, the outline
of the ends being unequal.
Oviduct, the instrument and appendages with which the female
deposits her eggs. See aculeus.
Oviposit ion, the act of depositing eggs; the manner in which
eggs are deposited.
Oviparous, propagating by means of eggs.
Ovoviviparous, producing living young, the eggs being disclosed
in the matrix of the parent.
P.
Palate, the interior part of the transverse lip.
Pagina inferior, the lower surface of a wing.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 147
Pag ma superior, the upper surface of a wing.
Paleaceous, chaffy.
Pedlide-flavens, pale or whitish yellow.
Pallidus, of a pale cadaverous hue.
Palma, palm; the basal tarsal joint of the anterior feet, some-
times furnished with strigilis. See man us.
Palmate, hand-shaped ; cut down nearly half-way to the base
into subequal, oblong segments, leaving an entire space like
the palm of the hand.
Palpi, articulated moveable filaments in the mouth of insects,
generally shorter than the antennae; divided into 'labial and
maxillary palpi.
Pamdurifbrm, fiddle-shaped ) oblong, broad at the two extremi-
ties, and contracted in the middle.
Pap ilion aceous, butterfly-like .
Papillary, having the apex semiglobular ; somewhat like a nip-
ple ; this term ought to be distinguished from verrucose.
Papillous, pimpled ; having the surface covered with raised dots
or pimples. See verrucose.
Pappus, down.
Parallelogram, a quadrilateral, right-lined figure, whose oppo-
site sides are parallel and equal to each other.
Parapleurum, that segment of the posfpectus, which is situated
one on each side of the acetabulum, behind the scapula; in
some genera are two on each side ; they may be distinguished
into anterior and posterior.
Parasitical, inhabiting another animal.
Parietes, walls ; perpendicular sides of the honeycomb ; sides of
elevated bodies.
Patulous, open ; spreading.
Pearlaccous, having the appearance of pearl.
Pccten, in Hymenoptera, rigid, incurved setae which arm the ex-
terior margin of the upper part of the base of valvulse or
max Ufa.
Pectinate, comb-shaped ; cut into regular straight segments like
the teeth of a comb. See perfoliate, setaceous.
Pectus, the anterior, inferior portion of the trunk, included, be-
tween the head and posfpectus.
148 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Pedes, the feet; this term is applied to the whole limb, consist-
ing of femur, tibia, tarsus.
PediceUus, the third joint of the antennae, particularly in Hy-
menoptera, often forming the pivot, turning in the socket of
the scapus, upon which the other articulations, constituting
the apex, sit, and by means of which they often form an angle
with that part ; it is " le bouton" of Keaumur.
Pedicle, a pedicellus.
Peduncle, a stalk or petiole.
Pedunculated, elevated on a stalk or peduncle.
Peltate, target-shaped.
Pendent, hanging down.
Penicilliform, pencil-shaped .
Penis, the genitals of the male, consisting of forceps and phallus.
Pennaceous, feathered like the web of a quill. See phimous.
Penultimate, the last but one.
Perennial, continuing for several years.
Perfoliate, perforated ; applied to those antennas of which the
joints are transversely divided into thin plates, which are con-
nected by a common stalk passing nearly through their cen-
tres. See clavate, pectinate.
Peristaethium, that segment of the postpectus anterior to the in-
sertion of the intermediate feet ; it extends laterally to the
scapidse,, and is generally connected with the pectus by a mem-
brane.
Persistent, permanent.
Personate, gaping.
Petiolated, supported on a stem; (cellule) one of the cubital
cellules is said to be petiolated when it is triangular, and con-
nected by means of a nervure with the nervure of the radial
cellule • this disposition more frequently occurs in the second
cellule.
Petiole, a stem; the support which connects the base of the
metatliorax with the base of the abdomen.
Phallus, the masculine organ of generation.
Phosphorescent, lucid ; emitting light in the dark.
Piceous, pitchy ; the color of pitch.
Pilous, having long sparse hairs. See hirsute.
Pinnatifid, with winged clefts.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 149
Plane, a level or rectilinear surface, destitute of elevations or
depressions ; a curved surface cannot be plane because it is not
rectilinear. See equal.
Planta, the basal joint of the tarsus of the posterior pairs of feet
in Hymenoptcra, often dilated or elongated, containing scapula.
See palma.
Pleura, the side of the stethidium, between the thorax and
pectus.
Plicate, plaited ; folded like a fan.
Plumous, feathered ; with fine hairs on each side so as to resem-
ble a feather. See pennaceous .
Poisers, the hatieres, in the Diptera, a capitate moveable filament
on each side, substituted for the inferior wings.
Polliniferous, formed for collecting the pollen of plants, as in
many of the Hymenoptera.
Polymorphous, undergoing a metamorphose ; applied to those ar-
ticulated animals with feet that undergo a metamorphose,
either partial or total. See homotene.
Polyphagous, eating a variety of food.
Porcate, marked with raised longitudinal lines.
Porrect, stretched out ; prominent ; elongated forwards.
Posterior angle, of the wing, is the junction of the posterior edge
with the interior edge ; of the thorax, is the lateral angle near
the base of the elytra.
Posterior edge, the boundary of the posterior margin.
Posterior margin, of the wing, extends on the hind J)art of the
wings from the apex to the posterior angle. See inner
margin.
Posterior icings, tbe inferior icings.
Postpectus, the posterior portion of the stethidium on the infe-
rior surface of the body, consisting of several pieces, which in
the Coleoptera particularly are the peristaetlvium, acetabulum,
parapleurum, scapula, and maerianum.
Prasinus, grass-green, without any tinge of blue.
Premorse, as if bitten- off; with a blunt or jagged termination.
Prismatic, like a prism ; of equal thickness and having several
flat sides ; differs from cylindrical in being angular.
Proculiform [poculiform], hollow and cylindrical, with a hemi-
spherical base, the sides at top straight and not recurved.
See calathiform, cyathi/orm.
150 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Proboscis, the inarticulate trophi of the Muscae, and is sometimes
soft, labiated and generally retractile, sometimes horny and
acute ; according to Kirby it is the tongue of the Hymenop-
tera with all the apparatus, and its vagina.
Procumbent, trailing ; prostrate ; lying flat. See decumbent.
Promuscis, according to Illiger, is th.Q tropin of the Hymenoptera
Prvinous, covered with a frosty kind of woolliness ; hoary.
Pterigostia, or wing-bones, the nervures.
Pubescent, coated with very soft, fine wool, hair or down, which
is short and not crowded. See villous, tomentous.
Pulverulent, dusty.
Punctured, marked with small impressed dots. See scrobicidate,
variolous.
Pulvillus, the soft termination of the foot between the unguis ; it
is " un petit mammelon" of Degeer. See onyclui.
Puniceous, carmine color.
Pupa, the second state of the insect from the egg, often quies-
cent ; the members being more or less concealed by the com-
mon integument. See aurelia, nymplia, chrysalis.
Pupil, of an occellate wing-spot, is the central spot which is sur-
rounded by the iris.
Piriform, pear-shaped.
Q.
Quadrangular, having four angles.
Quadrate, square ; somewhat square.
Quadrilateral, having four sides.
Quiescence, a state of hybernation somewhat resembling torpidity,
wherein the animal requires but little nourishment, and ex-
hibits exterior signs of life.
R.
Radicd cellule, or marginal cellule, a portion of the membrane of
the wing, situated near the apex, included between the exte-
rior margin and a nervure which originates at the carpus and
passes, with various degrees of curvature, towards the apex ;
it is complete when the nervure reaches the apex, and incom-
plete when this member is abbreviated or interrupted, and
oppendiculated when transversely divided by a nervure which
does not originate from the carpus; when there are two radial
cellules the nervure of one of them originates on the basal side
of, or below the carpus.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 151
Radiated, furnished with lines which proceed from a common
centre. See stellate.
Radicula, radicle ; the basal joint of the antennje, attached to
the head.
Radius, the first nervure of the external edge of the superior
wing ; it extends from the hase to the carpus, and is separated
from the cubitus by a membrane.
Ramous, having branches ; branched.
Raptatory, formed for seizing a prey.
Reclivate, curved in a convex, then in a concave line.
Recondite, (acideus) concealed within the abdomen, seldom ex-
posed to view.
Rectigrade, larvae, which having sixteen feet, walk with a recti-
linear body. See geometrse.
Rectangular, in the form of a right angle ; having an angle of
ninety degrees.
Rectilinear, right-lined ; formed in a straight line.
Recurrent nervures, one or more ascending branches of the bra-
chial nervures, which are inserted into the cubital cellules, some-
times into the first and second, sometimes into the second and
third, and others into one only.
Recurved, bowed backwards.
Reflected, or reflexed, bent back rather angularly.
Refracted, bent back as if broken.
Remote, further removed than distant.
Reniform, kidney-shaped.
Repand, wavy ; with alternate segments of circles and interven-
ing angles. See scalloped.
Replicatile, capable of being folded back.
Resilient, having the property of springing back.
Resupinate, upside down ; horizontally reversed.
Reticidate, like net-work.
Retinaculum, horny moveable scales in the Hymenoptera, serv-
ing instead of muscles to move the spicula, or to prevent it
from being darted out too far.
Retracted, opposed to prominent; drawn back.
Retractile, generally exserted, but capable of being drawn in.
Retrorse, (sinuate) pointing backwards; (serrate) inversely ser-
rated.
152 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Refuse, ending in an obtuse sinus, or broad shallow notch ; ter-
minated by an obtuse hollow.
Reversed, (wings) deflexed, the margin of the posterior wings
projecting beyond that of the anterior wings.
Reviviscence, the awakening from torpidity ; the restoration from
suspended animation.
Revolute, rolled backwards spirally. See convolute.
Rhombus, a quadrangular figure, having its four sides equal and
its opposite lines parallel, with two opposite angles acute and
two obtuse.
Rhomboid, a figure approaching to a rhombus.
Rigid, inflexible, not easily bending ; opposed to limber.
Rimose, full of cracks.
Ringent, gaping.
Rosens, color of a rose, a pale blood red.
Rostellum, a little bill or beak ; it is horny and articulated as in
Cimex, &c. ; it is the " rostrum" of Latreille. See rostrum.
Rostrum, an immoveable prolongation of the head, at the end of
which is the mouth, as in the Curculio kind. Latreille applies
this term to the rostellum of the Cimices.
Rotate, wheel-shaped.
Rudiment, the incomplete formation of a part or organ.
Rufous, reddish.
Rugous, wrinkled ; with irregularly waved and elevated lines.
See corrugated.
Runcinate, notched ; cut into several transverse acute segments
which point backwards.
S.
Saccate, gibbous or inflated towards one end.
Sagittate, arrow-shaped; triangular, and deeply emarginate at
base.
Saltatory, (feet) formed for leaping, the thighs being dilated.
See ambulatory, cursory.
Sanguineous, color of arterial blood ; duller than puniceous.
Scabrous, rough like a file, with small raised dots. See asperous.
Scale, the squama.
Scalloped, (edge) marked or bounded by segments of circles, with-
out intervening; angles.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 153
Scapula, that segment that is situated one on each side of the
peristaethium, on the anterior lateral angle of the postpeclus,
immediately beneath the humeral angle of the elytruni ; it is
bounded behind by the paraplewrvm.
Scapus, scape; the second articulation of the antennae, often
elongated; it is the " bulbus" of Linne, and " le fuseau" of
Degeer.
Scopa, thick hair, covering the posterior tibias of some Hymen-
opterous insects; it is used in collecting and carrying pollen.
See scopula and corbicu/a.
Scapula, bristles or rigid hairs, in some Hymenopterous insects,
covering the inside of the plantse, principally those of the pos-
terior feet ; it is very conspicuous in polleniferous insects ; it
is the " scopa" of Schrank, and " la brosse" of Reaumur. See
scopa, fimbria, flocculus.
Scriptus, lettered ; marked with various characters resembling
letters.
Scrobiculated, pitted; having the surface covered with hollows;
with deep round pits. Seefavose.
Scroti/orm, purse -shaped.
Scutel, or scutellum, a small subtriangular portion of the superior
surface of an insect, generally separated by a suture from the
middle of the base of the thorax.
Scutellar angle, (of the elytrci) is the angle next to the scutel.
Secund, pointing one way ; unilateral.
Securiform, hatchet-shaped ; triangular-compressed like the iron
part of a hatchet. See dolabriform.
Segment, of the abdomen, is a ring or division of that part, and
is bounded by sutures or incisures.
Semicomplete, (metamorphose) in this kind of change the insect
continues active and feeds, as in Grillus. See coarctate, in-
complete.
Semici/lindric, flat on one side; the form of the longitudinal
half of a cylinder.
Semisagittate, half arrow-shaped ; like the longitudinal half of an
arrow-head.
Septum, an internal division of a tubular body.
Sericeous, having the surface shining by means of dense, minute,
short, silky hair. See pubescent.
154 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Serrate, like the teeth of a common saw ; differs from crenate in
having the teeth acute, and from dentate in having them di-
rected towards one end, the tips not being opposite to the
middle of their base.
Sesquitertial, occupying the fourth part.
Sesquiocellus, or sesquialter, a large ocellus including a smaller
one.
Sessile, connected immediately with the part from which it ori-
ginates, without the intervention of a peduncle ; (abdomen)
attached to the stethidium, by a considerable part of its whole
breadth.
Seta, a bristle.
Setaceous, bristle-shaped; slender and gradually attenuated to
the tip. See capillary, filiform.
Setarious, aristate ; terminating in a simple naked bristle, as in
the antennae of some of the Diptera.
Setous, bristly, set with bristles.
Sexes, of insects, are distinguished in Entomological works by
% (Mars) for male, and ? (Venus) female.
Shank, the tibia.
Simple, destitute * of any remarkable processs or appendage ;
(thighs) equal, not dilated or formed for leaping ; (aculeus)
having only a single dart or point, not vaginate.
Sinuate, indented ; cut into deep sinuses.
Sinus, a curvilinear indentation more or less profound ; differs
from emargina in not being angulated ; an excavation as if
scooped out. See refuse.
Solid, this term is applied to the capitulum of the antennas,
when the articulations of which it is composed exhibit no in-
terval between them.
Sparse, or sparsate, scattered ; spread irregularly, and at a dis-
tance from each other.
Spatulatc, battledoor-shaped; round and broad at top and attenu-
ated at base. See cuneiform.
Species, comprehends all the individuals which descend from one
another or from a common parentage, and those which resemble
them as much as they resemble each other.
Specific character, a character which comprehends all the indi-
viduals of a species, and distinguishes them from all others of
the same genus
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 155
Spicula, the instrument with which the female lays her eggs.
See vagina.
Spinous, armed with acute processes or spines.
Spinous-rddiate, beset with spines in a circle, either concatenate,
united at their bases, or tetaceouSf like bristles.
Spvmdse, spinous processes at the base of the tibia, in Hymen-
opterous insects, including velum; they are the " spines " or
•• spurs " of Degecr, and Jieeh of Leach.
Spiracula, Spiracle, one of the lateral orifices of the trunk and
abdomen, through which insects respire ; the stigmata.
Spiral, revolving obliquely like a corkscrew ; or rolled up like a
watch-spring.
Spurious, this word is applied to the anterior feet of some of
the Lepidoptera, in which these members are destitute of nails,
and not suitable for walking.
Spurs, the spinulse.
Squama, or scale, a small scale above the halteres in the Dip-
tera ; it is composed of two pieces united at their edges, as in
bivalve shells.
S'piamula, a very small corneous, concavo-convex scale, cover-
ing the base of the superior wings in some insects.
Squamous, scaly ; covered with scales.
Squarrous, scurfy ; consisting of rough scales spreading every
way, or divided into pieces, standing upright and not parallel
with the surface.
St»Hate, star-formed ; with four or five radiating lines. See
radiated.
S'emmata, two or three simple, convex, crystalline bodies on
the vertex of many insects, resembling the eyes of spiders, &c,
and probably performing the same functions.
Sternum, a carina or corneous process immersed in, or prominent
on the pectus, and which extends longitudinally between the
anterior feet, often elongated before or behind, or concealed
by the base of the anterior feet.
Stethidium, the trunk; all that part of the body included be-
tween the head and abdomen. See thorax.
Stigma, an opake spot on the costal margin of the anterior
wings, of some Neuroptera, &c. ; it is the " anastomosis "
of Kirby, and the " punctum marginale" of Linne. See
carpus.
156 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Stigmata, the spiracula.
Stipes, the stalk or basal portion of the jwoboscis.
Stipitate, supported on a pedicle.
Stria, a longitudinal line, often punctured, generally proceeding
from the base to the apex of the elytra.
Striate, scored; marked with fine, parallel, impressed, longitudi-
nal lines. See sulcate.
Striga, a narrow transverse line. See fascia.
Strigilis, a deep sinus near the base of the palma ; in some Hy-
menoptera it is often pectinated.
Strigose, clothed with rigid bristles thickest at base. See hispid.
Sub, is prefixed to many of the terms used in Entomology, and
signifies that the term is not exactly applicable, in its strictly
defined sense, to the subject spoken of, but that it must be
understood with some latitude ; thus stibovate is somewhat egg-
shaped.
Subcutaneous, placed under the skin; applied to larvae which feed
under the skin of animals, or within the substance of the leaf of
a plant.
Suberoded, (wings) somewhat indented, but irregularly.
Sidmiargin, an imaginary portion of a surface, situated exterior
to the disk, and within the margin.
Submarginal cellules, the cubital cellules.
Suboccllate, applied to a spot on the wing of a Lepidopterous
Insect, when it resembles an ocellate spot, but is destitute of a
pupil; blind.
Subulate, awl-shaped ; linear at base and attenuated at the tip.
Sulcated, marked with broad, concave, parallel lines ; grooved ;
furrowed. See striate.
Sulphureous, bright yellow ; the color of sulphur.
Superciliary, placed above the eyes.
Superior wings, the anterior or upper pair of wings.
T.
Tail, the terminal segment of the abdomen ; an elongation of the
tip of the inferior wing in some Lepidoptera.
Tarsus, the small terminal joints of the feet, divided into planta,
digitus; Kirby limits this designation to the terminal joints of
the intermediate and posterior pairs of feet ; for that of the an-
terior pair see manus ; but authors generally have not made
this distinction.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 157
Tegmina, wing covers of the Orthoptera ; the left laps over the
right in Blatta, Phasma, and male Locustae, and generally in
Gryllus and Truxalis — the right over the left in Mantis, Mantispa,
Acheta, Gryllotalpa, and some female Locusta. See hemclytra.
Tegula, a small scale, resembling the squamula of the Diptera,
but more simple and solid, on the base of the superior wings of
many insects.
Tendo, one or more bristles attached near the base of the under
wing, and passing through the hook (hamus)in many male Lep-
idoptera ; the females often have the tendo, but never the
hamus.
Tentacula, retractile processes on the larvae of some species of
Lepidoptera.
Teres, nearly cylindric.
Tergum, the superior portion of the abdomen, separated from the
venter by lateral sutures, and divided into segments which are
perforated each side with the spiraculse.
Terminal, situated at the extremity.
Tessellated, chequered ; figured like a chess-board.
Testaceous, tile or brick color.
Tetragonal, having four corners or angles.
Hugh, the femur; the third joint of the feet.
Thorax, the dorsal portion of the trunk, included by the dorsal
sutures, and including tubercula, anterior angle, posterior angle,
base. See pectus.
Thyrsus, a cluster.
Tibia, the leg, or fourth joint of the feet ; it is slender, long,
enlarging towards the extremity, which is truncated ; includ-
ing spinulse, scopa, and corbinda.
Tip, of the elytra, is that part which is opposed to the base.
Tomentose, covered with fine hairs so matted together that par-
ticular hairs cannot be separated. See lanate, ciliate.
Tongue, the ligida or lingua.
Torose, protuberating ; swelling into knobs or protuberances.
Torpidity, a state of hybernation in which no exterior signs of life
are exhibited. See quiescence, revivescence.
Tortilis, twisted.
Transverse, the longest diameter placed transversely with respect
to the body.
158 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Trapezium, a quadrilateral or four-sided figure with none of it?
sides parallel.
Trichotomous, dividing by threes.
Tricuspidate, ending in three points.
Tridactijlous, having three toes or claws.
Trigonate, three-cornered.
Triquetrous, three-sided ; with three flat sides. See trigonate.
Trochanter, the second joint of the feet, preceding the thigh or
femur ; it is also the second joint of the apophysis ; it is very
prominent in the Carabidse.
Trochlear is, pulley -shaped ; like a cylinder contracted in the
middle.
Trophi, instrumenta cibaria; feeders; parts of the mouth taken
collectively, composed of five principal parts, viz. labrum.
mandibles, maxillse, palpi, labium.
Truncate, cut off square at tip. See cmarginate, sinus.
Trunk, or stcthidium, that part of the body which intervenes be-
tween the head and abdomen, including tcings, feet, thorax,
pectus, epigastrium.
Tubercle, a little solid pimple.
Tubercula, an elevated triangular process at the anterior angle of
the thorax, particularly in Hymenoptera.
Tubidous, formed like a tube ; fistulous.
Tubus, a corneous sheath at the base of the tongue, including
fulcrum, auriculse, and lacinise. Fabricius calls it the base of
the tongue. Degeer names it " the intermediate piece of the
sheath ;" Swammerdam also considers it " the sheath of the
tongue." Latreille names it " la gaine."
Tunicate, composed of concentric layers enveloping one another.
Turbinate, top-shaped ; nearly conical ; it differs from pyrifor?n
in being shorter and more suddenly attenuated at base.
Turgid, swollen.
U.
Umbilicate, resembling a navel.
Umbonate, bossed, having an elevated knob in the centre. See
gibbous.
Uncinate, hooked at the end.
Unequal, opposed to equal; differing in length.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 199
Undulated, waved obtusely, without any right lines, but in seg-
ments of circles. Sec Jiexuous.
Unguiculate, armed with a hook or nail.
Unguis, nail or claw, two incurved hooks which terminate the
tarsus. See pulviUus.
Ungulate, hoof-shaped ; like a horse's hoof.
Urceolate, pitcher-shaped ; swelling in the middle like a pitcher.
See infundihiilifonn, cyathiform.
Utriculus, a little bag, or hollow vesicle.
V.
Vagina, every part, the office of which is to cover, defend, or
support the tongue — it is divided into tubus, valise, palpi, lora,
and annulus, (Kirby) ; the bivalve coriaceous sheath or cover
of the spicula.
Vaginate, (aculeus) inclosed in a bivalve sheath.
Valves, or valvules, in the Hymenoptera, are two coriaceous laminae
or sheaths which surround and inclose the vagina, and which
support the exterior palpi ; small concave membranes inclosing
the proboscis ; the maxillae.
Variety, a peculiarity of color or form in an individual, not
proper to the species ; this difference is sometimes inherited
by several successive generations.
Variolous, with large, unequal, impressed points.
Veins, fvense). See nervures.
Velum, membranaceous appendages attached to the spinuUe at
the apex of the anterior tibiae.
Venter, the inferior portion of the abdomen, separated from the
tergum by lateral sutures, and divided into segments.
Vcntricose, distended ; bellying ; inflated.
Vcrnantia, vernatio; moulting, the shedding of the skin or
exuvia.
Verrucose, having little hard lumps or wart-like elevations upon
the surface. See papiflous, apiculate.
Versatile, vane-like ; turning about like a vane.
Vertebral, of or belonging to the vertebra* generally used to
indicate spots, lines or a different shading of color, &c, im-
mediately over the part corresponding with the vertebral column
in a vertebrate animal.
1G0 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Vertex, that part of the face which lies between the occiput, eyes
and front '; (Diptera) the superior portion of the front.
"Vertical, perpendicular ; at right angles with the horizon. See
erect.
Verticillate, placed in whirls.
Vesicular, beset with prominences that are internally concave, or
with little bladders.
Vibratile, this term is used to express the almost continual
movement of the antennae of some Ichneumons and Mutillse ;
and of the wings of some Diptera.
Vibrissse, curved bristles or hairs in some Diptera situated be-
tween the mystax and the antennae.
Villi, soft hairs.
Villous, soft haired ; clothed with long, soft hair. See hirsute,
pubescent.
Violaceous, violet color ; a mixture of blue and red.
Viscid, covered with a resinous or greasy matter. See glutinous.
Vitellinus, yellow, with a slight tinge of red.
Vitta, a longitudinal colored line.
W.
Whirls, or ivhorls, generally on the antennae, consisting of small
hairs placed round the joints, like spokes round the cave of a
wheel. See verticellate.
Wing-cells, the areas.
Winglets, small concavo-convex scales generally fringed at tip,
placed under the base of the elytra in Dytiscus marginalis.
Wings, membranaceous, reticulated instruments of flight, affixed
laterally to the thorax, comprehending superior or anterior,
and inferior or posterior wings, elytra and hcmelytra. See
2)osterior angle, nervure, stigma.
WESTERN QUARTERLY REPORTER. 161
[From the Western Quarterly Reporter, Vol. II. No. 1, for January,
February, and March, 1823, p. 71-82.]
ARTICLE IX.
Natural History.
A Description of some new species of Hymenopterous Insects.*
BY THOMAS SAY,
Professor of Natural History in the University of Pennsylvania, and of Zoology to the
Philadelphia Museum.
The following descriptions of insects belonging to the order
Hymenoptera, of Linne, have been made out from specimens col-
lected by myself whilst engaged as a member of Major Long's
exploring party under the orders of the Secretary of War, J. C.
Calhoun, in traversing the region of country which extends from
the river Mississippi to the base of the Rocky Mountains. These
insects constitute about one-third of the whole number of new
Hymenoptera discovered during the expedition : the remainder
will be the subject of a future essay.
* The name of this class of insects is derived from two Greek words
'ufA»v-atis, membrane, and 3-t«/>*, wing. The insects belonging to it have
most commonly four naked wings, with longitudinal nervures, the infe-
rior of which are shorter and straighter than the superior, to which they
are attached. They have six feet, a mouth furnished with distinct man-
dibles, with jaws and a lip which by their union form a trunk or sucker,
which is called tongue. The female most frequently has the abdomen
terminated with a little needle or awl. The wasp and bee are familiar
instances of the general characters belonging to this class of insects.
The service rendered by these, which like the wasp prey on inferior in-
sects, is scarcely less acceptable than that performed by the bee iu the
collection of honey for our use. The manners of this class are very in-
teresting throughout, whether we consider them engaged in the con-
struction of receptacles for their progeny, or selecting with great appa-
rent forethought and much labor, the food which is destined for their
subsistence. — Ed. W. Q. R.
11
162 WESTERN QUARTERLY REPORTER.
ALLANTUS Jurine.
1. A. ventralis. — Black ; feet before and abdomen beneath
white.
Inhabits Arkansa. [72]
Body black ; nasus, labrum, mouth, abbreviated line above the
eye, and large spot beneath it, white ; thorax with a line before
the wing, small spot each side on the scutel, white ; wings a little
dusky : feet white before ; pectus with a white line on each side,
and somewhat testaceous central spot ; tergum immaculate ; venter
white.
Length nine-twentieths of an inch.
2. A. bifasciatus. — Black ; tergum with a white band at
base, and a rufous one in the middle.
Inhabits Arkansa.
Body black ; nasus white ; labrum and palpi dull whitish :
thorax with a yellowish line before each wing ; scutel yellowish ;
wings dusky ; nervures brown ; feet white ; tips of the posterior
thighs and their tibiae, black ; tergum with a white band at base
.ind a rufous one on the middle.
Length seven-twentieths of an inch. ( £ )
For this handsome species I am indebted to Mr. Thomas
Nuttall.
3. A. externus. — Black : tibia white on the exterior side.
Inhabits Missouri.
Body deep black ; head with a spot each side on the nasus and
base of the mandibles, white ; wings fuliginous ; nervures black :
thighs at tip above, incisures of the coxae, exterior side of the
tibia and tarsi, white : posterior feet robust.
Length nine-twentieths of an inch. A female.
4. A. pallipes. — Black ; thorax rufous before ; feet white.
Inhabits Missouri.
Body black ; labrum and palpi white ; thorax with a rufous
triangle before, a rufous spot on each side of the disk, another
beneath the origin of the wing and tip of the scutel rufous : a
whitish spot before the wings ; wings, a little dusky ; carpus
whitish : feet white ; posterior thighs blackish in the middle ; ter-
WESTERN QUARTERLY REPORTER. 163
gum, with the lateral basal margin of the segments, rufous ; venter
rufo-testaccous each side, dusky in the middle.
Length seven-twentieths of an inch.
DOLERUS Jurine.
D. COLLARIS. — Black; thorax, rufous before.
Inhabits Missouri.
Body entirely black ; with the exception of a yellowish-rufous
[73] anterior thoracic, triangle, and anterior segment or collar of
the same color, which descends on each side.
Length to the tip of the wings nine-twentieths of an inch.
TREMEX Jurine.
1. T. sericeus. [Ante, p. 73.]
2. T. obsoletus. [Ante, p. 74.]
ANOMALON Jurine.
A. flavicornis. — Black ; antenna? yellow ; wings blackish ;
abdomen very much compressed.
Inhabits Arkansa.
Mouth piceous; thorax with two approximate dilated grooves
confluent behind ; scutel united to the thorax by a cariuated line
each side ; tip of the superior wings, and tip of the interior mar-
gin of the inferior wings, broadly margined with blackish : abdo-
men dilated towards the tip, broad, very much compressed;
first segment sub-cylindric, nearly as long as the second and third
segments taken together, and geniculate at its union with the
second segment.
Length more than one inch.
I obtained an individual specimen near the Rocky Mountains.
MUTILLA of Authors. [74]
M. qtjadriguttata. — First segment of the tergum with four
yellow dots.
Inhabits near the Rocky Mountains.
Body ferruginous, with confluent punctures ; antennae and
mandibles black at tip ; tergum black, first segment with four
yellow dots placed nearly equidistant two and two, the anterior
164 WESTERN QUARTERLY REPORTER.
pair smaller j posterior segments and tips of the first segment
with yellowish sericeous hair.
Length more than half an inch.
SCOLIA Latreille, Jurine.
1. S. 8-maculata. [Ante, p. 68.]
2. S. tricincta. [Ante, p. 69.]
3. S. confluenta. [Ante, p. 68.]
PLESIA Jurine. [75]
P. marginata. — Yellow ; abdominal segments margined be-
hind with black ; beneath black.
Body yellow ; head black, varied with yellow ; collar with the
anterior declivity black; thorax black; squammula and large cen-
tral spots yellow ; two spots on the scutel yellow ; metathorax and
a large spot on the pleura pale rufous ; feet black : a whitish
spot near the tip of the posterior face of the tibia, and another
upon the anterior face of the anterior pair ; tergum with the pos-
terior margin of the segments black ; anal segments black : ven-
ter with three triangular yellow spots on each side.
Length less than three-fifths of an inch.
This species agrees in character with the genus Plesia of Jurine;
but it differs from Mizine of Latreille, by having the mandibles
entirely destitute of teeth, a character which it possesses in com-
mon with Meria Illiger, but the form of its wing cells will not
admit of its being referred to the latter genus.
SAPYGA Latreille, Jurine.
S. subulata. — Black, elongated ; thorax spotted, and abdom-
inal segments margined with yellow ; feet yellow.
Inhabits the United States.
Body elongated, black, apparently glabrous but covered with
short hair ; clypeus and base of the mandibles, yellow ; mandibles
with a single tooth near the tip ; antennae rather longer than the
thorax, cylindrical, attenuated at base ; thorax bifasciated before
the wings, the anterior band interrupted; a spot on [76] the disk
and two transverse scutellar spots yellow; metathorax with two lon-
gitudinal yellow spots ; a yellow triangular spot under the origin
WESTERN QUARTERLY REPORTER. 165
of the wings ; feet yellow, black at base ; wings tinged with fer-
ruginous ; abdomen segments with yellow posterior margins in-
terrupted on the middle of the venter, the anterior one not ex-
tending beneath ; anterior segment abruptly rather smaller than
the second one ; aculeus naked, exerted, inflexible, recurved.
My specimens are males. It inhabits Missouri as well as
Pennsylvania, and is not uncommon. Probably it is allied to
Elis sexcincta Fab.
POMPILUS Fabr., Latr., Jur.
P. formosus. [Ante, p. 91.]
AMPULEX Jur.
A. canaliculata. — Black; superior wings with a blackish
band ; antennae and feet piceous.
Inhabits Missouri.
Mandibles at tip and lab rum rufous; front with a carina above
each of the antennae and another in the middle which descends
upon the hypostoma ; collar densely punctured and grooved in
the middle; thorax sparsely punctured and with two distant
longitudinal impressed lines; metathorax with eight dilated
grooves, in which are numerous transverse elevated lines ; wings
brownish, superiores with a blackish band and black stigma ; ab-
domen polished immaculate.
Length nearly two-fifths of an inch.
These insects have a singular appearance in consequence of
their elongated collar and metathorax. The species resembles
the Fasciatus Jur., but differs in the number of grooves on the
metathorax.
STIZUS Latr., Jur. [77J
1. S. grandis. [Ante, page 3.]
2. S. unicixctus. [Ante, p. 4.]
LARRA Fabr., Latr.
1. L. abdominalis. — Black ; thorax with cinereous down ; ab-
domen, first, second and third segments, rufous ; feet black.
Inhabits Arkansa.
Body black ; front argenteous ; thorax with cinereous down ;
166 WESTERN QUARTERLY REPORTER.
feet black, with argenteous hair; abdomen, first, second and third
segments, bright rufous ; on the tergum each with a lateral silvery
sericeous lunule; terminal segments black, of which the fourth
one has a lateral sericeous lunule ; anal segment with a rufous
reflection above.
Length of one specimen eleven-twentieths, of another seven-
tenths of an inch.
With the exception of the tibia, this species, in point of color,
resembles L. tricolor F., but differs from it in form, the abdomen
in this respect being more closely allied to that of L. iclineumoni-
formis. [78]
2. L. tarsata. — Black ; abdomen rufous ; tarsi rufous.
Inhabits Arkansa.
Body black ; abdomen entirely rufous, drawing on sanguineous;
tarsi, with the exception of the first and second ones, rufous ;
wiags hyaline.
Length two-fifths of an inch.
ASTATA Latr.
A. bicolor. — Black ; abdomen bright rufous, dusky at tip.
Inhabits Arkansa.
Head, minutely punctured; mandibles, piceous at tips; ante-
rior stemmata of the male, very large; thorax minutely punctured ;
wings hyaline ; nervures blackish ; stigma pale rufous ; abdomen
rufous sanguineous ; the male black at tip, scutel on the disk im-
punctured, polished ; metathorax with crowded dilated superficial
punctures.
Length less than two-fifths of an inch.
On a transient view this insect resembless Larva tarsata. I
obtained it near the Rocky Mountains.
• NYSSON Latreille, Jurine.
N. 5-spinostjs. — Black : abdomen fasciate with glaucous ;
metathorax four or five spined.
Inhabits Arkansa.
Body black ; antennae whitish beneath ; clypeus white with a
longitudinal black line ; mandibles black : margin of the collar
tuberculi, (Kirby,) an oblique interrupted line above the wings,
scutellar line and tips of the metathoracic spines, whitish : spines
WESTERN QUARTERLY REPORTER. 167
about five, the superior ones largest, the intermediate one of the in-
ferior series obtuse, sometimes obsolete; tibia, anterior pairs white
before ; anterior tarsi with elongated setae before, (as in many spe-
cies of Gorytes ;) abdomen with the posterior margins of the seg-
ments glaucous, above somewhat iridescent.
Length less than two-fifths of an inch.
CllABRO Fabricius, Latreille.
C. 10-maculatus. — Black ; tergum with five yellow spots each
side.
Inhabits Missouri.
Hypostoma and front with silvery hair ; antennae black ; scapus
and first joint of the flagellum, yellow ; thorax punctured ; collar
yellow, uninterrupted ; scutel and base of the metathorax [79]
with each a transverse yellow line ; pectus with two yellow spots of
which the posterior one is transverse ; wings brown ; feet yellow ;
thighs rufous, blackish at base ; spots of the tergum large and
distinct, the posterior one approaching more closely on the back;
beneath immaculate.
Length three-fifths of an inch.
Large and having one spot more on each side than C. macula-
tm Fab.
PHILANTHUS Fabricius, Latreille.
1. P. canaliculatus. [Ante, page 111.] [80]
2. P. zonatus. [Ante, page 111.]
Like many species of this genus, the Zonatus is subject to vary
in its tints and proportions of coloring. I have a fragment of a
specimen which has two yellow lines on the scutel, a yellow V, on
each side of which is a large yellow spot. Sufficiently distinct
from P. vertilabris L. by the form of the wing cells.
CERCERIS Latreille.
1. C. FRONTATA. — Nasus elevated; body pale rufous ; tergum
yellow with rufous incisures.
Inhabits Arkansa.
Body pale rufous ; antennae and mandibles black at tip ; front
pale yellow ; nasus elevated at tip from the clypeus, widely emar-
168 WESTERN QUARTERLY REPORTER.
ginated and densely ciliated on the anterior edge, lobes acute ; cly-
peus four-toothed at tip ; wings dusky blackish on the posterior
margin ; wing scale and double line on the scutel yellow ; tergum
yellow; incisures reddish brown.
Length of the body nine-tenths of an inch.
The specimen is a female, remarkable by the prominence of the
nasal portion of the face, a character which was also pointed out by
Latreille, in a species which he called Cerceris aurita, which insect
he observed to nourish its young, with insects of the Linnean
genus Curculio.
2. C. bidentata. — Lateral lobes of the clypeus each elevated
into a prominent spine : anterior margin of the superior wings
dusky.
Inhabits Arkansa.
Body pale yellowish ; head behind the eyes and above, and
base of the antennae, rufous ; antennas black at tip ; front concave
lateral lobes of the clypeus each with a conic prominence per-
pendicular to the surface; mandibles black at tip; thorax rufous
on the principal segment ; superior wings blackish on the anterior
margin, the costal nervure tinged with yellowish in the middle :
tergum incisures reddish brown ; segments each with a transverse
groove on the middle.
Length less than three-fifths of an inch.
In general color, very much resembles the preceding species
from which it may be distinguished by its much smaller size, [81]
and by the two remarkable spines or tubercles situated on the lateral
lobes of the clypeus. The specimen is also a female.
ODYNERUS Latreille.
0. crypticus. — Rufous; wings dusky; tergum trifasciate with
yellow.
Inhabits Arkansa.
Body rufous, much punctured; vertex and origin of the. an-
tennae, black ; antennae dusky at tip ; thorax with a black spot
before the middle ; scutel bilobate with a longitudinal deeply im-
pressed line ; metathorax concave ; wings dusky, paler at tip ;
tergum with three yellow bands, the anterior one smallest and
sub-concealed.
Length more than two-fifths of an inch.
WESTERN QUARTERLY REPORTER.
169
The third band of the back of the abdomen is sometimes so
near the preceding band as to appear like a dilation of it.
EPEOLUS Latr., ;Fabr., Jur.
E. 4-fasciatus. — Black; abdomen quadrifasciate, terminal
segment tripunctured.
Inhabits Arkansa.
Body deep opaque black; three basal joints of the antennae,
clypeus and labrum, rufous ; front around the base of the antennae,
yellow; thorax with an anterior and posterior yellow line, the latter
so arquated as nearly to attain the former ; a broader line beneath
the wings ; beneath the scutel a whitish band and two oblique
lanceolate spots ; tergum, 4-banded with yellow, first band very
broad, interrupted by a line which is very slightly dilated in the
middle ; remaining bands narrower, submarginal, entire ; terminal
segment with an oblique yellow lateral spot ; feet rufous.
Length three-fifths of an inch.
On flowers near the Rocky mountains. It is much larger than
E. mercatus F.
MEGACHILE Latreille.
M. latimanus. — Anterior tarsi dilated and with incurved
ciliae on the inner side; first joint of the intermediate tarsi one-
toothed. (%)
Inhabits Arkansa.
Body black; covered with greenish cinereous hair; hair of the
front whitish ; antennae filiform, glabrous ; labrum near the [82]
tip, concave, glabrous, polished, tip slightly ciliated ; mandibles tri-
dentate on the oblique tip (in the male) and rufous near the tip,
on the exterior side ; anterior feet much dilated and with whitish
hair, dull rufous ; knees black ; the tarsi dilated and with dense,
elongated, incurved ciliae : intermediate thighs ventricose beneath ;
tibiae arquated ; tarsi dilated, densely hairy on the inner face,
less dilated than the intermediate ones ; abdomen, with the pos-
terior edges of the segments densely ciliated ; anus with a deep
sinus (in the male.)
Length nearly three-fifths of an inch.
In the much dilated appearance of the anterior tarsi, this
species is allied to the Apis lagopoda of Linnaeus, and its prox-
imate species.
170 WESTERN QUARTERLY REPORTER-
[Frorn the Western Quarterly Reporter, vol. ii. No. 11, for April, May,
and June, 1823, p. 160—165.
Description of Insects belonging to the order NEUROPTERA Lin., Latr.
Collected by the Expedition authorized by J. C. Calhoun, Secretary of
War, under the command of Major S. H. Long.
BY THOMAS SAY,
Professor of Natural History in the University of Pennsylvania, and of Zoology to the
Philadelphia Museum.
ARTICLE IV.
Natural History.
Genus PHRYGANEA L. Latr.
1. P. viridiventris. — Body pale brownish ; abdomen bright
green ; feet whitish.
Inhabits the Ohio river.
Body pale brownish, somewhat hairy, hairs cinereous; head
white beneath ; eyes prominent, chestnut-brown ; antennae rather
longer than the body, light brown, whitish at base ; pectus white;
leet white ; tarsi of the intermediate pair of feet, dilated ; supe-
rior wings ciliated, dusky or blackish, beyond the middle a few
whitish spots somewhat arranged in two bands ; inferior wings
dusky, immaculate ; abdomen bright green.
Length to the tips of the wings three-twentieths of an inch.
Length of the antennae one-fifth of an inch.
Observed at Cincinnati about the middle of May ; is common
but not very numerous.
2. P. numerosa. — Body black; antennae and feet pale brown-
ish ; abdomen with a rufous raised lateral line.
Inhabits the Ohio river.
Head transverse, narrow, black, with numerous cinereous hairs ;
eyes remote, prominent, hemispherical, black-brown ; antennae as
long as the body, brown; basal joints hairy, black; palpi pale;
thorax black with cinereous hairs; feet pale brownish; wings
whitish brown, immaculate, nervures brown ; abdomen black,
posterior margin of the segments pale rufous, lateral lines of the
incisures raised, rufous; tail pale rufous.
WESTERN QUARTERLY REPORTER. 171
Length to the tip of the wings one-half inch ; of the body
three-tenths of an inch ; of the superior wings nine-twentieths
of an inch ; of the antennas three-tenths of an inch.
This species appears in vast numbers early in May on the river
Ohio. From the 7th to the 9th of that month, when descending the
river, I observed them near each shore, flying [161] in opposition to
the direction of the wind, and so extremely numerous that, hav-
ing a white appearance when flying, they might be compared to
flakes of snow, in a moderate fall of that meteor. They were
most numerous on the 7th, and appeared to decrease in number
daily.
3. P. lateralis. — Body blackish ; wings white ; superior
wings spotted with brown ; eyes dark reddish-brown ; feet
white.
Inhabits Shipping-port.
Body blackish with cinereous hairs above, and shaded with
plumbeous beneath ; eyes prominent, dark reddish-brown ; antennae
and mouth pale ; thorax black, with cinereous hairs ; pectus
black, slightly cinereous or plumbeous ; feet whitish ; wings
white ; superiores slightly spotted with brown, a common spot
on the middle of the inner margin, and several nearer the tip,
somewhat arranged into a band, the costal one of which is larger;
inferiores white immaculate ; abdomen blackish, pale vitta each
side, and a pale posterior margin to the segments ; caudal appen-
dages white.
Length to the tip of the wings two-tenths of an inch ; of the
body two-tenths of an inch; of the antenna? three-tenths of
an inch.
This species appears in very great numbers on the banks of
the Ohio, near Shippingport, on the 21st of May. Judging
from the small space of about half a mile on the Indiana side of
the river, where I had an opportunity to see them, their numbers
could be little inferior to that of P. numerosa, which occurred a
few days before, but of which a specimen was now rarely seen.
4. P. semifasciata. [Ante, p. 97.]
Genus BAETIS Leach. [162]
1. B. FEMORATA. — Wings whitish; nervures deep brown, and
marginated with brown ; inferior wings subovate, hardly half as
long as the superior ones.
172 WESTERN QUARTERLY REPORTER.
Length of body half an inch nearly.
Male. Body brown ; abdomen beneath whitish ; eyes large,
prominent, approximate, separated above only by a fissure ; thighs
banded with reddish-brown near the middle, and at tip ; wings
snowy white : nervures brown, and margined with brown, more
particularly so at the base, middle and tip of their costal mar-
gins ; caudal setae hardly twice the length of the body.
Female. Body brown ; scutel yellowish, distinct ; venter
whitish ; eyes distant ; front prominently carinated : wings
whitish ) nervures brown, equally margined with brown ; inferior
wings less than half as long as the superior ; feet pale brown, a
reddish-brown band and tip to the thighs ; caudal setae hardly as
long as those of the male.
Caught at Cincinnati, Ohio, and did not appear in any con-
siderable numbers.
Genus CLOEON Leach.
C. posticata. — Abdomen pale green, behind brown ; thorax
black opake ; wings white.
Inhabits Shipping-port.
Eyes apparently four, approximate ; superior ones elevated,
subpedunculated ; cornea subdiscoidal, slightly convex, edge
tinged with yellow ; inferior ones smaller, not elevated, longitudi-
nally oval, dark reddish-brown ; thorax deep black opake : wings
pure white, immaculate, inferior ones very small ; feet pure white,
anterior pair slightly dusky at base ; scutel elevated ; abdomen
pale bluish-green, hyaline, tbree terminal joints deep brown opake
above ; seta two, long, pure white.
Length of the body three-tenths of an inch ; of the setae
seven-tenths of an inch. [163]
A small and delicate species. Considerable numbers of them
appeared on our boat, May 21st, while at Shippingport. The
contrast between the black and greenish colors of this insect is
very striking ; and the greenish portion of the abdomen is so
diaphanous as to exhibit the movements of the interior of the
body.
Genus EPHEMERA Latr., Leach.
E. curiDA. — Body black ; wings dusky, inferiores pale, dusky
at tip ; thorax with three distinct longitudinal lines.
Inhabits Ohio river.
WESTERN QUARTERLY REPORTER. 173
, Male. Body black ; front carinated ; eyes small, remote ;
thorax black, with a cinereous tinge, a longitudinal dorsal broad
black vitta, and a lateral impressed line ; wings dusky, inferiores
pale, with a dusky tip ; feet pale brownish ; tarsi black ; anterior
feet blackish ; abdomen black, incisure beneath pale ; setae rather
longer than the body.
Female resembles the male, but the eyes are larger, contiguous,
and brown, with each a smaller, longitudinal, black one on the
inferior orbit ; abdomen black ; segments above and beneath pale
at the posterior edge, a dorsal obsolete white line, and on each
two divergent, abbreviated, obsolete, whitish lines, originating at
the base of the segment and terminating near the middle of its
length ; setae longer than the body.
Length of the body of male seven-twentieths, female nine-
twentieths of an inch ; of the setae of male two-fifths, female
four-twentieths of an inch.
This species is rather numerous on the Ohio, in the neighbor-
hood of Cincinnati, the 15th of May.
Genus MYRMELEON Linn., Latr.
M. abdominalis. — Pale testaceous, varied with black; abdo-
men very long.
Inhabits Arkansa.
Head and thorax pale testaceous, densely spotted and lineated
with black ; antennae clavate, blackish, the segments tipped with
testaceous ; nervures varied with black and white ; feet whitish,
spotted with black ; abdomen hairy, very much elongated, pale
testaceous, with longitudinal black lineations, posterior half
blackish.
Length one and one-half inches ; of the superior wings one
inch.
This we obtained near the Rocky Mountains. The abdomen
of the female is not longer than the wings, and the latter have a
distinct white spot near the tip on the costal margin.
Genus BITTACUS Latr. [164]
B. stiomaterus. — Body yellowish; abdomen falcate, wings
with an opake carpal spot.
Inhabits Missouri.
174 WESTERN QUARTERLY REPORTER.
Body pale yellowish ; stenimata large, frontal, placed triangular ly T
two superior ones dusky ; front with a blackish area between the
steminata ; maxillary palpi blackish ; eyes prominent oval ; thorax
between the origin of the of the superior wings, with two con-
vex, longitudinally oval elevations ; wings nearly equal, pale yel-
lowish, a subopake carpal spot near the tip of each; abdomen
falcate.
Length to tip of wings three-fourths of an inch.
Found near Fort Osage on the Missouri.
Genus SIALIS Latr. [PERL A Geoffr.— Say, MS. correction.]
1. S. dorsata. — Body black, varied with rufous ; labrum pale ;
thorax with a dorsal rufous vitta and anterior and posterior rufoue
incisures.
Inhabits the Ohio river.
Head blackish, with about six blacker spots; labrum pale, be-
neath pale yellowish ; palpi black ; thorax blackish, with im-
pressed blacker lines, anterior and posterior incisures and dorsal
vitta rufous, angles rather prominent ; a pale obsolete line from the
base of the thorax to the abdomen ; beneath yellowish, disk of
the segments black ; trochanters yellowish ; wing nerves deep
black ; abdomen black, segments above with yellow posterior
margins ; venter pale yellow.
Length to the tip of the wings one and three-fourths of an
inch.
Numerous in May near Pittsburgh.
2. S. immaroinata. — Body black varied with yellow, or yel-
low varied with black ; wings dusky ; nervures brown immar-
ginate ; thorax transversely quadrate, posterior angles somewhat
rounded, disk somewhat rugose with impressed irregular lines, an
impressed dorsal line, on each side of which is a slightly arquated
one ; eyes deep black-brown ; all beneath yellow.
Inhabits the Ohio river.
Length to the tip of the wings more than an inch ; male much
smaller.
Pupa pale, varied with black ; abdomen annulate with black at
thebaseof thesegments; all beneath immaculate; thighs[165] with
a black obsolete spot on the exterior tip ; antennae and setae pale
WESTERN QUARTERLY RErORTER. 175
rufous ; head with a black baud before the eyes which include
an undulated white line.
This species differs much in the distribution of its colors ; it
is generally entirely yellowish beneath, and sometimes also on the
tergum ; the thorax also has sometimes a yellow dorsal line, and
sometimes a black one. It appears in considerable numbers to-
wards the end of May.
3. S. imbecilla. Body pale green ; wings white.
Inhabits the Ohio river.
Body pale green, immaculate ; eyes prominent, chestnut-brown,
stemmata chestnut-brown, placed triangular, equidistant ; antennas
dusky, hairy; wing greenish white, immaculate; thorax trans-
versely oval, sculptured.
Length to the tip of the wings seven-twentieths of an inch ;
of the body about one-fifth of an inch ; of the antennas three-
twentieths of an inch.
Occurs in considerable numbers on the river Ohio, about the
middle of May. I observed it at Cincinnati.
4. S. bilineata. — Body pale greenish yellow ; thorax bilineate ;
head with a black double converging line ; eyes reddish-brown.
Inhabits the Ohio river.
Body pale greenish-yellow ; head a double black frontal line,
including the stemmata behind, converging and confluent before,
and truncate at the anterior stemmata; an obscure triangular
spot on the clypeus; eyes deep chestnut-brown; antennas dusky,
pale at base ; thorax with two equal, dilated, parallel, blackish
vittae; scutel bimaculate, spots blackish, placed transversely;
wings white, nervures blackish ; tergum black.
Length of the body and wings, from two-fifths to one-half of
an inch.
Found near Cincinnati, and occurs not unfrequently about the
15th of May. The obscure spot on the anterior portion of the
head is sometimes wanting.
176 long's second expedition.
(From Narrative of an Expedition to the source of St. Peter's river, &c,
under the command of Stephen H. Long, Major U. S. T. E., Vol. 2 ;
Philadelphia, 1824, pp. 268—378.)
ORDER COLEOPTERA.
CICINDELA Linn. Latr.
C. LONGiLABRis. — Blackish ; elytra spotted and banded with
white ; labruni long.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Head and thorax slightly tinged with greenish ; antennae, [269]
basal j oints, blue-black ; lab rum white, nearly as long as broad,obtuse-
ly longitudinally carinated, obscurely tridentate at tip, and a little
dilated at the lateral base ; mandibles white on the exterior edge
near the base : palpi dark blue, or cupreous ; elytra with rather
large, dense punctures ; a humeral spot, another before the mid-
dle on the margin, a reclivate, nearly transverse band on the
middle, and a spot at the posterior curve of the elytra, white j
venter black, with a purplish reflection.
Length less than three-fifths of an inch.
Var. o. The spots of the elytra obsolete.
This insect seems to approach nearest to 0. vulgaris nob. (Trans.
Amer. Philos. Soc. vol. 1. new series,) but it is sufficiently dis-
tinct by the following characters. The labrum is twice as long,
and the punctures of the elytra are more than double the size.
The venter is sometimes dark green.
[Allied to the European C. sylvatica ; and subsequently des-
cribed by Kirby as C. albilabris (Fauna Bor. Am. 12 : I have a
green variety from Newfoundland. — Lec.]
2. C. terricola. — Black; a white line at the tip of the elytra.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body destitute of metallic lustre ; labrum white ; breadth more
than twice the length ; tip three-toothed, intermediate tooth conic
acute, the lateral teeth angulated obtuse ; mandibles white on the
exterior base ; thorax a little hairy ; elytra with scattered very
LONG'S SECOND EXFEDITION. 177
minute punctures, which are oblique, as if formed by a pointed
instrument directed towards the anterior part of the insect, so that
the surface before each puncture is a little elevated ; a white line
margins the extremity ; venter blackish-testaceous ; tibia dull tes-
taceous
Length rather more than two-fifths of an inch.
This species is closely allied to 0. jpusiBa nob. but the marking
of the elytra differs, and the thorax is not so much [270] contracted
at base and is more closely affixed to the abdomen.
POECILUS Bonelli.
P. fraternus. — Dark green ; elytra dark greenish-cupreous:
palpi and feet piceous-black.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Antennae fuscous ; three basal joints yellowish, and carinated,
carina dusky ; thorax slightly margined ; dorsal impressed line
extending entirely to the basal edge; lateral edge regularly arcu-
ated ; basal angles slightly more than right angles ; elytra dark
coppery, with a dark green exterior margin ; striae impunctured ;
interstitial spaces a little rounded; beneath piceous-black.
Length two-fifths of an inch.
Although the thorax of this insect is not broadly margined, yet
the margin is much wider than that of the chalcitcs Hellwig, (in
Melsh. Catal.) and it may be distinguished from the lucublandus
Knoch, (in the same work,) by the color of the palpi, &c.
[I consider this as a variety of P. lucublandus. — Lec]
DYTISCUS Linn. Latr.
D. fasciventris. — 9 Dark olivaceous-brown; thorax and ex-
terior elytral margin margined with yellow.
Inhabits Lake Superior.
Head darker than the elytra, greenish-back, with a rufous trans-
verse frontal spot; antennae rufous, joints dusky at their tips;
labrum and nasus yellowish ; palpi color of the antennae ; thorax
color of the head, margined all around with yellowish ; a longi-
tudinal impressed line, and extremely minute scattered punctures :
scutel [271] yellowish; elytra each with ten grooves extending
nearly two-thirds the whole length from near the base ; exterior
margin yellowish, becoming obsolete at tip ; an obsolete spot towards
12
178 long's second expedition.
the extremity resembling the commencement of a branch from the
color of the margin ; feet pale rufous ; postpectus black, yellow-
ish each side behind and at the anterior angles; venter black,
with yellow bands, terminating each side in triangles of the same
color.
Length one and one-tenth of an inch.
This species is most closely allied to D. marginalis of Europe ;
the appearance of the superior surface of the body is altogether
the same, even to the form and appearance of the frontal spot,
nevertheless our insect is much smaller, and the arrangement of
colors beneath, on the postpectus and venter, is altogether dif-
ferent.
[Afterwards described as D. carolinus Aube, Hydr. 108. — Lec]
LACCOPHILUS Leach.
L. punctattjs. — Dusky testaceous; very regularly and pro-
foundly punctured.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body suboval, short, dull testaceous; head with two dilated
slightly impressed spaces on the front ; clypeus obtusely rounded
at tip ; punctures numerous, rather sparse on the vertex ; thorax
blackish on the anterior and posterior margins ; punctures sub-
equidistant ; elytra darker than the head and thorax, very regularly
and beautifully punctured ; punctures rather larger than those of
the thorax, subequidistant; beneath, excepting the feet, also punc-
tured.
Length more than one-tenth of an inch.
This is a very pretty species, readily distinguished from others.
[Belongs to Hydroporus Clairv. — Lec]
[272] BUPRESTIS Linn. Latr.
B. maculativentris. — Violaceous with a cupreous reflection ;
anterior thoracic angles with a spot and a series on each side ot
the venter, yellow.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Head confluently punctured ; a yellow spot before the eye.
almost confluent with another beneath the eye ; thorax with a
very distinct margining spot at the anterior angles ; punc-
long's second expedition. 179
tured, but with a glabrous dorsal line and one or two lateral
glabrous spots ; elytra violaceous, with cupreous reflections ; base
violaceous, punctured-striate ; tip with a small tooth at the sutu-
ral angle, and about four very minute teeth ; beneath cupreous,
polished ; venter with a series of three yellow quadrate spots on
each side, and a large oblique oval one on the anal segment
approaching at the middle of the segment and extending by a
branch for a short distance on the edge.
Length thirteen-twentieths of an inch.
This is a very pretty insect, readily distinguished by the sub-
ocular, thoracic, and ventral spots.
[A species of Ancylochira, afterwards described as B. sexnotata
Lap. and Gory, Mon. Buprest. 2, 129, tab. 32, fig. 178.— Lec]
SCYDM^NUS Latr.
S. CLAVIPES. — Blackish ; elytra bright rufous, blackish at tip;
antennae longer than the thorax.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Body hairy ; head piceous; antennae rather longer than the thorax
and with the palpi, dull rufous; thorax blackish with an impres-
sed transverse line at base and the appearance of a longitudinal
one before ; hairs numerous ; elytra smooth, polished, impunctured ,
and without striae ; bright rufous ; hairs long ; humeral angles
longitudinally elevated ; [273] a slight groove at the base of each
elytrum, tip black ; feet rufous ; thighs clavate ; venter dull
rufous.
Length more than one-twentieth of an inch.
S. brevicornis. — Blackish ; elytra bright rufous, blackish at
tip ; antennae shorter than the thorax.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Body hairy ; head black ; antennae rather shorter than the tho-
rax, hairy, dull rufous ; thorax polished, black ; elytra smooth,
polished, impunctured, and without striae, bright rufous; hairs
long ; humeral angles longitudinally elevated ; a slight groove at
the base of each elytnxm, tip black ; feet rufous ; thighs clavate,
dusky at tip.
Length rather more than one-twentieth of an inch.
Strongly resembles the preceding, but the antennae are much
180 long's second expedition.
shorter and more robust, the thorax is destitute of real or appar-
ent impressed lines, and tbe clavse of tbe thighs are more di-
lated.
DORCATOMA Herbst.
D. oculata. — Rounded-oval, blackish-brown, a little hairy;
antennae yellowish-piceous.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Head very obscure piceous ; a few short hairs ; antennae yel-
lowish-piceous, first joint large, arcuated; second joint much
smaller, rounded ; third, fourth, fifth, still smaller and not very
distinctly articulated ; sixth transverse, very short ; seventh much
enlarged, on the inner side extending into a conic process, which
is nearly as long as the preceding part of the antennae, and when
at rest is applied closely to the inner side of the eighth joint and
extends quite to its tip; eighth joint elongate-obtriangular; ninth
joint as long as the preceding joint, a little arcuated; eyes with
an indented, [274] somewhat dilated line, extending from near the
base of the antennae to the middle ; thorax punctured, with short
hairs, and slightly tinged with piceous ; anterior angles very much
decurved and acute ; posterior angles hardly acute ; posterior mar-
gin lobed at the scutel ; scutel small, rounded ; elytra punctured
and with short hair ; exterior submargin with three impressed
striae ; beneath punctured, hairy ; feet dull piceous.
Length one-tenth of an inch.
The form of the penultimate joint of the antennae differs con-
siderably from that of the dresdensis in being much less dilated
on the inner side, the seventh joint has the inner process more
slender and the terminal joint is a little arcuated.
NOSODENDRON Latr.
N. unicolor. — Black, immaculate, antennae piceous, clavum
yellowish.
Inhabits Missouri.
Head with dense, dilated, shallow punctures ; thorax short,
length less than half the breadth ; punctures less dense than those
of the head ; posterior edge regularly arcuated ; lateral edge hard-
ly arcuated, nearly rectilinear ; angles acute ; elytra irregularly
punctured ; humerus a little elevated ; humeral angles subacute ;
long's second expedition. 181
beneath and feet punctured ; anterior tibia widely and deeply
emargiuated on the exterior edge near the tip and serrated ; inter-
mediate tibia with four or five serratures on the outer edge, and
a prominent tooth near the tip ; posterior teeth with about five
small subspinous teeth, and a robust tooth near the tip.
Length one-fifth of an inch.
[275] ELMIS Latr.
E. crenatus. — Thorax with four elevated lines; each ely-
truni with two dull rufous spots.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Parnus crenatus? Knoch in Melsh. Catal.
Body blackish-brown ; front with two dilated, cinereous, lon-
gitudinal lines : antennae and mandibles rufous ; thorax with four
obtuse, elevated, longitudinal lines ; two intermediate ones nearly
confluent at each end ; lateral ones more distant, slightly inter-
rupted behind the middle ; elytra with striae of dilated impressed
punctures ; an elevated line from the humerus terminates rather
before the tip ; another elevated line nearer the margin also origin-
ates at the humerus and becomes obsolete before the middle ; a
third elevated line originates at the middle of the base and also
becomes obsolete before the middle of the elytrum ; an oblong
rufous spot on the humerus and another near the tip ; tarsi dull
rufous.
Length less than three-twentieths of an inch.
[Belongs to Stenelmis Dufour. — Lec]
PARNUS Fabr.
Dryops Oliv. Latr.
P. fastigiatus. — Blackish-brown, with very short dense
hair ; elytra with striae of rather large punctures.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
P. fastigiatus Knoch in Melsh. Catal.
Antennas fuscous, terminal joints yellow ; palpi dull yellow-
testaceous ; thorax highest rather behind the middle, and with
an obsolete indentation each side behind ; anterior angles promin-
ent, acute ; posterior angles obtuse : scutel quadrate, acute behind
elytra with short hairs over [276] the whole surface, and three
series of fasciculated, more ferruginous hairs on the sutural
182 long's second expedition.
half; on this half the punctures are larger and the striae more
deeply impressed than on the exterior half where the surface
has a minutely granulated appearance ; tip acute ; feet blackish-
piceous ; tarsi piceous ; anterior tibia with a line of dense yellow-
ish hairs before.
Length one-fourth of an inch.
[Belongs to Heliclms Er. — Lec]
HYDBOPHILUS Fabr.
1. H. cinctus. — Black, surrounded with a yellowish margin.
Inhabits United States.
H. cinctus Knoch, in Melsh. Catal.
Body black, polished, with numerous, minute, regular punc-
tures ; head with a large, triangular, yellowish spot before the
eye ; palpi yellowish ; antennae fuscous ; thorax margined with
yellowish ; this color is sometimes obsolete on the anterior mar-
gin, and generally obsolete on the posterior margin ; elytra with-
out any appearance of striae ; the exterior margin, from the hu-
merus to the suture, yellowish ; beneath blackish-piceous ; tarsi
dull yellowish.
Length more than one-fifth of an inch.
We obtained specimens on Bed Biver of Lake Winnepeek ; it
is also found in Pennsylvania.
[Belongs to PMJhydrus Sol. — Lec]
2. H. globosus. — Very convex, oval; elytra with striae of
punctures.
Inhabits United States.
H. globosus Knoch in Melsh. Catal.
Body very convex, black, immaculate, punctured ; head with
very regular minute punctures, and three or four somewhat
larger ones before the eye; palpi yellowish ; [277] antennae yellow-
ish, clava fuscous ; thorax with minute punctures but slightly im-
pressed ; angles rounded ; scutel with obsolete punctures ; elytra
with minute, numerous punctures, which are very slightly im-
pressed, obsolete ; with nine regular striae of distinct larger
punctures, and an irregular series on each interstitial space ; be-
neath piceous-black ; tarsi color of the palpi.
Length three-tenths of an inch.
LONU'S SECOND EXPEDITION. 183
This species is oval, not elongated, and is more convex than
any other species of this country yet discovered.
[This is a species of Hydrobius Leach. — Lec]
3. H. nebulosus. — Pale whitish-testaceous; a subsutural line
on the elytra obsolete before the middle.
Inhabits United States.
//. ncbulosus Melsh.
r Melsh. Catal.
II. lab tat us Knoch.
!
Body very finely but irregularly punctured ; punctures some-
times obsolete ; head black or varied with black ; thorax, angles
rounded ; elytra with a subsutural impressed line which disap-
pears before the middle, and is more deeply impressed behind ;
beneath, excepting the feet, blackish.
Length less than three-twentieths of an inch.
I obtained a specimen in the Lake of the Woods.
[Belongs to Philhydrus. — Lec]
APHODIUS Illig. Fabr.
1. A. hamatus. — Thorax impunctured on the disk; claw of
the anterior tibia dilated, incurved.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body dark piceous ; clypeus minutely punctured ; margin re-
flected, particularly at tip ; tip truncated, subemarginate ; thorax
punctured each side and at base ; large, equalling at least two-
thirds the length of the elytra; elytra [278] paler than the head and
thorax; striate; striae punctured; feet rufous; the claw at the tip
of the anterior tibia is dilated and curved inwards like a hook.
Length less than one-fourth of an inch.
An insect remarkable for its short robust stature and the pro-
portional length of its thorax, as well as for the dilatation and
and crooked form of the appendages at the extremity of the tibia.
2. A. clypeatus. Black ; elytra testaceous; clypeus, covered
with small tubercles.
Inhabits North-West Territory.
Head black, convex, covered with very small obtuse tuber-
cles ; edge a little elevated, piceous ; tip hardly truncated ; tho-
rax with irregular small obtuse rugae ; anterior angles rectangular;
posterior edge regularly arcuated, not dilated in the middle ;
elytra rufo-testaceous, dusky at base; with deep, punctured strioe:
184 long's second expedition.
interstitial lines convex; thighs dull-yellowish; posterior ones
much dilated.
Length more than three-twentieths of an inch.
Readily distinguished by the rough appearance of the clypeus.
[Probably an Aegialia. — Lec.]
TKOX Fabr.
T. canaliculatus. — Thorax with entire groove; clypeal edge
not reflected ; elytra with alternate series of large and small ele-
vated bristly dots.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body blackish-brown ; head with numerous irregular discoidal
punctures ; clypeus obtusely rounded at tip ; the edge not re-
flected; surface flat, excepting two little elevated protuberances on
the upper part of the front; antennae yellow; thorax with a strongly
impressed obvious [279] definite groove, the bounding lines of
which are uninterrupted, and are equally elevated in every part;
an obtuse slightly elevated line passes across the groove near its
middle ; between the elevated line of the groove and the lateral
edge is a slightly elevated very obtuse space ; basal edge sinuated,
over the scutel obtusely rounded ; basal angles extended a little
backwards and rounded at tip ; elytra with four elevated lines
on which are oval fascicles of yellowish short bristles; interstitial
spaces each with a series of small rounded points, also furnished
with bristles.
Length seven-twentieths of an inch.
It is about equal in size to the T. cajyfflaris nobis, but is alto-
gether destitute of the fine capillary lines which ornament the '
elytra of that insect.
TENEBMO Linn. Latr.
T. reticulatus. — Black ; elytra rugose with impressed spots
which have elevated centres.
Inhabits St. Peter's river.
Body deep black ; head with numerous small and regular
punctures, more dense before and on the labrum ; antennae, third
joint but little longer than the fourth; thorax with numerous
regular punctures ; narrow, a little contracted before and very
slightly contracted behind ; lateral edge longitudinally a little ar-
long's second expedition. 185
cuated, and vertically rounded, with a slightly impressed line
bordered by a slightly elevated one, both so small as not to be
visible to the eye : elytra irregularly reticulated with elevated
lines ; the intervening spaces with slightly elevated centres ;
thighs clavate ; anterior and intermediate tibiae a little curved ;
tarsi beneath, and inferior portion of the tip of the tibia with yel-
lowish hair. [280]
Length nearly seven-tenths of an inch.
This species is very distinct from any other that I have seen
and very readily recognized.
[Identical with the European Upis reticulata ; and very abun-
dant throughout Canada, in Maine and at Lake Superior. — Lec]
PHALERIA Latr.
1. P. testacea. — Pale testaceous, beneath black ; thorax im-
punctured ; elytra striate, and with a blackish spot on each near
the tip.
Inhabits United States.
Body oblong-oval, polished; head hardly perceptibly pune-
tered ; a transverse indented line before the eyes ; antennae sen-
sibly dilated towards the tip; joints, from the sixth to the tenth
inclusive, transverse, hemispheric-compressed, perfoliate ; eleventh
nearly globose ; thorax transverse-quadrate, impunctured, rather
wider behind ; an impressed puncture each side on the basal
margin, anterior angles rounded ; scutel blackish ; elytra striated,
strife slightly punctured, more deeply impressed behind, abbre-
viated at the humeral angle ; a blackish-brown spot on each near
the tip ; tergum blackish ; beneath black ; feet pale testaceous ;
anterior tibia serrate with short spines, tip rather abruptly di-
lated, forming almost a lobe on the exterior side; intermediate
and posterior pairs spinulose-serrated, gradually dilating towards
the tip.
Length more than one-fourth of an inch.
This insect is not uncommon. It occurs in Pennsylvania, and
under dead marine animals on the sea-beach, from New Jersey to
Florida.
2. P. picipes. — Black ; antennae, mouth and feet piceous.
Inhabits the Southern States.
Head destitute of an impressed line before the eyes ; antenna'
186 LONG'8 second expedition.
and thorax formed as in the preceding species [281] excepting that
the anterior angles of the thorax are subacute ; stria? of the elytra
as in the preceding ; feet as in the preceding, excepting that the
anterior tibiae are gradually very much dilated at tip, and not
somewhat abruptly dilated near the tip, the line of the exterior
adge is therefore nearly rectilinear.
Length from one-fifth to less than one-fourth of an inch.
Var. a. thorax dull piceous.
Var. 0. entirely piceous.
EPLTRAGUS Latr.
E. canaliculatus. — Thorax with two lines and lateral edge
elevated.
Inhabits United States.
$ ■ Body blackish-brown, more or less bronzed, with very
numerous short cinereous hairs ; thorax broader behind, some-
what lobed at the scutel ; angles produced, very acute ; lateral
edge rectilinear, elevated; anterior edge abruptly undulated;
disk with two elevated lines which become obsolete behind and
originate each in a flattened and porrect tubercle on the anterior
edge ; elytra with dilated, slightly impressed grooves.
Length nine-twentieths of an inch.
Var. a. grooves of the elytra obsolete.
The female is very different in appearance from the male, by
being entirely destitute of the elevated lines and edges of the
thorax, and of the undulated form of the anterior edge of the
thorax. The elevated lines and lateral edge give the thorax the
appearance of having three dilated grooves. This insect is found
in Pennsylvania, but is more frequent in the Southern States ; I
also obtained specimens in Missouri.
[282] EUSTROPHUS Latr.
E. bifasciatus. — Dark reddish-brown, sericeous; elytra black
bifasciate with rufous.
Inhabits United States.
Palpi terminating with a large obconic joint, truncated ; tho-
rax sometimes blackish, nearly semicircular, somewhat truncated
before ; posterior angles rather less than a right angle ; scutel
transverse, very obtusely rounded behind; elytra with a rufous
long's second expedition. 187
waved band near the base, extending to the base at the outer
margin, and widely interrupted at the suture ; another rufous
band behind the middle, slightly undulated, and hardly inter-
rupted by the suture; sutural edge a little elevated behind; venter
very distinctly sericeous with yellowish hair.
Length more than one-fifth of an inch.
I obtained a specimen many years ago near Philadelphia, and
we lately captured another in the North-Western Territory.
DIRCEA Fabr.
D. tibialis. — Black, with short hair ; base of the antennae
and tibia yellowish.
Inhabits North-West Territory.
Body oval-orbicular, with very short hair, and irregularly and
very minutely punctured ; antennas, three basal joints obscurely
pale rufous ; clypeus a little dilated before the antennae and trun-
cated ; palpi dusky rufous ; terminal joint rather abruptly conic-
acute ; thorax convex, short, wide ; lateral edge arcuated ; angles
rounded ; scutel rather large, triangular ; elytra destitute of striae ;
tip narrowed [283] and rounded ; tibia pale rufous ; posterior
thighs much dilated, formed for leaping.
Length three-twentieths of an inch.
[This appears to be Scirtes tibialis Guerin, Spec. Icon. An.
Art, 3.— Lec]
SEBBOPALPUS Oliv.
S. 4-maculatus. — Blackish-brown, sericeous; elytra with two
yellow spots.
Inhabits Arkansa and Missouri.
Antennae and labrum dull testaceous; thorax, anterior margin
obsoletely dull testaceous ; scutel minute ; elytra narrower behind ;
a large, very irregular yellow spot before the middle and another
behind the middle of each; pectus and postpectus distinctly
punctured ; anterior tarsi dilated and covered beneath by very
dense, short, yellow hair ; remaining tarsi slender ; venter dark
red-brown, paler at tip.
Length nearly seven-twentieths of an inch.
This species appears to be of rare occurrence.
[Belongs to Dircsea — Lec]
188 long's second expedition.
HELOPS Fabr. Latr.
1. H. arctatus. — Dark brassy, irregularly punctured ; elytra
with dilated indentations.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body long, cylindrical, a little depressed; punctures dilated,
rather large, profound, approximate, irregularly disposed ; antennae
piceous, less than half the length of the body, terminal joint ob-
long-oval; palpi dark piceous, long labrum, breadth equal to
twice the length ; a small impressed spot between the eyes ;
thorax depressed ; widest hardly before the middle, from which
part the edge is rectilinear to the posterior angles, and very
nearly rectilinear to the [284] anterior angles, which are obtusely
rounded ; posterior angles a little angulated ; scutel rounded be-
hind, with short, cinereous, prostrate hairs ; elytra not dilated
behind ; punctures larger than those of the thorax, often con-
fluent ; a slightly prominent line between the middle and su-
ture, a depressed one between the middle and lateral margin ;
several slightly elevated lines near the tip; disk with two
series of two or three much dilated alternate indented spaces ; tip
rounded ; beneath blackish with small punctures ; feet blackish-
piceous.
Length half an inch.
This insect occurred on the shore of St. Peter's river, and on
that of Red river of Lake Winnepeek. The larger indentations
of the elytra have a fortuitous appearance.
[A Stenotrachelus identical with the Russian American S. ob-
scurus Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1852, 347. — Lec]
2. H. venustus. — Dark brassy, punctured; posterior angles
of the thorax slightly excurved ; elytra iridescent.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Body densely punctured ; antennae and palpi blackish-piceous ;
thorax, posterior angles acute, the lateral edge near them being
a little curved outwards ; elytra with brilliant coppery and green
vittae changing place with the direction of light; striae profound,
and with the convex interstitial spaces impunctured ; beneath
cupreous, brilliant.
Length more than three-tenths of an inch.
This species closely resembles the micans, Fabr. which has
long's second expedition. 189
been described under different names by several authors ; it has
the same beautiful variable color upon the elytra, which induced
Olivier to call that insect vittatas, and Beauvois to give the name
of tseniatus, but it is a small species, the lateral edge of the
thorax is a little curved outwards near the posterior angles,
whilst that of micans is rectilinear in the same part, and the
interstitial [285] lines of the elytra are convex, whilst those of
m icans are nearly flat.
CISTELA Fabr. Latr.
1. C binotata. — Blackish, sericeous; elytra with a humeral
rufous spot.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body black, polished; in a particular light sericeous both
above and beneath with small hairs, which do not, however, at
all conceal the punctures ; head punctured ; palpi and three basal
joints of the antenna rufous-yellow ; thorax with equal large
dense punctures ; very slightly contracted behind, rounded be-
fore ; posterior angles not prominent ; an abbreviated longitudinal
impressed line at base, on each side of which is an obsolete
dilated impressed lunate space; elytra densely punctured, and
with punctured striae; humeral gibbosity rufous ; feet dull rufous,
sericeous.
Length nearly three-tenths of an inch.
[Belongs to Mycetochares Latr. — Lec]
2. C. sericea. — Pale testaceous, sericeous ; striae of the elytra
obsolete.
Inhabits United States.
C. sericea Knoch in Melsh. Catal.
Head minutely punctured, transverse impressed line before the
antennae very obvious ; thorax semioval, a little truncate before
and not undulated behind ; posterior angles rectangular ; elytra
hardly perceptibly darker towards the tip, rather lighter at base ;
striae obsolete, excepting two next the suture which are distinct ;
wings a little dusky, particularly towards the tip ; feet somewhat
paler than the body.
Length one-fourth of an inch.
[286] A very common species, particularly in July on the Ceano-
thus Americanus and other flowers.
190 long's second expedition.
MELANDRYA Fabr. Latr.
1. M. striata. — Black; thorax with three grooves ; front
with an impressed dot; elytra striate and punctured.
Inhabits the middle and northern States.
Scrropalpus canaliculatus Melsh. Catal.
Head with numerous minute punctures ; a distinct rather
longitudinally oval impressed spot between the superior part of
the eyes; palpi at tip of the terminal joint, and one or two ter-
minal joints of the antennae dull rufous; thorax gradually dilating
to the base, from the width of the head to that of the elytra ;
surface minutely punctured with small sparse hairs ; three dilated
longitudinal grooves, or undulations, obsolete before ; lateral edge
almost rectilinear to near the posterior angles, where it is a little
incurved, it is vertically rounded before the middle, and acute
behind the middle ; posterior angles nearly right angled ; scutel
suborbicular, convex, punctured; elytra, striae dilated, with
numerous punctures, those of the base being more distinct as
the striae are not so profound in that part.
Length three-fifths of an inch.
A specimen of this interesting insect occurred in the North-
west Territory. My friend, the Rev. John F. Melsheimer, with
whom I corresponded on the subject of this species, agrees with
me perfectly in the propriety of placing it in this genus, and in
its being altogether different from the S. canaliculatus Xllig.
Mclaudrya canaliculata Fabr. This conclusion indeed is irre-
sistible, when we compare our insect with the description of that
of Europe, and [287] with the figures given by Olivier, Panzer,
Latreille and others.
2. M. labiata. — Black ; labrum rufous ; elytra destitute of
striae.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Head with minute punctures ; no impressed frontal spot, la-
brum distinctly rufous; antennae, terminal joint at tip, tip of the
palpi and of the tarsi, rufous ; thorax with the lateral edge regu-
larly arquated ; a deep slightly arquated groove on each side
almost divided transversely into two impressed dots by an obtuse
elevated line ; a central nearly obsolete impressed line ; scutel
long's second expedition. 191
rounded, convex, punctured; elytra densely punctured; punc-
tures small ; striae none ; three or four obsolete raised lines.
Length rather more than two-fifths of an inch.
A smaller species than the preceding and more rare ; it differs
also in the color of the labrum, the more rounded form of the
thorax, and in the elytra being destitute of striae. It may b<
sometimes found on plants in June.
LAGRIA Fabr. Lam.
L. aenea. — Green ; thorax oblong ; elytra punctured ; antenna)
and palpi yellowish.
Inhabits United States.
L. aenea Melsh. Catal.
Body green, sometimes tinged with brassy; head irregularly
punctured ; with a few scattered hairs, which are more numerous
on the labrum ; a transverse groove between the antennas, formed
by the incisure of the nasus ; antennae yellowish rufous, terminal
joint longer than the three preceding ones together ; palpi yel-
lowish ; thorax cylindrical, rather larger than broad, punctured,
sometimes with transverse abbreviated wrinkles ; posterior angles
[288] slightly excurved ; elytra nearly rectilinear, not dilated at
the posterior curvature ; punctures dense, profound, rather la •
beneath blackish-green ; tarsi dark testaceous.
Length from two-fifths to nine-twentieths of an inch.
This is not the Lagria aenea Fabr. Ent. Syst. Suppl. as the
late Mr. F. V. Melsheimer supposed it to be, for independently
of the different specific characters in the description of that in-
sect, it has since been referred by that author to the genus
Dasytes, and must therefore be a Pentamerous insect. The cir-
cumstance of that species being removed from the genus Lagria
enables me to retain the specific name given by Mr. Melsheimer.
We obtained a specimen on Red river.
[Belongs to Statyra Latr., subsequently described as Arthro-
macra donacioides Kirby, Faun. Bor. Am. 239. — Lec]
LYTTA Fabr.
L. aenea nob. varies in being green, with black tarsi. The
antennae of this species resemble very much those of the genus
Mylabris.
.
192 long's second expedition.
COCCINELLA.
C. labiculata nob. — This species varies considerably in color,
but not, as I believe, in the number or arrangement of its spots.
Var. a.. Spots of the elytra ocellate, being surrounded by a
yellowish areola.
Var. P. Elytra yellowish-white, with the black spots as in the
species.
[This is the same as the European Myzia \b-punctata ; it is
also described by Say, as C. mali, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 4, 93.
— Lec]
RHYNCHITES Herbst. Latr.
R. rubricollis. — Blued-black; thorax and feet rufous; elytra
striate hairy.
Inhabits United States. [289]
JR. rubricollis Melsh. Catal.
Body slender ; head hairy, black, with irregular punctures
larger on the rostrum ; antennae and labrum dark piceous ; thorax
rufous, hairy, with dilated irregular punctures, and a longitudi-
nal impressed dilated line, which neither reaches the anterior nor
posterior margins ; scutel black, rounded ; elytra with regular
striae of punctures furnishing upright hairs ; interstitial lines
with each a series of upright hairs ; pectus rufous ; postpectus
and venter blackish ; feet rufous, pale.
Length more than three-twentieths of an inch.
This insect occurs occasionally in Pennsylvania ; we also found
a specimen on Red river of Lake Winnepeek.
[This is Euijnamptus angustatus Schonh. (Herbst,) — Lec]
CERAMBYX.
C scutellatus. — Brassy-black, punctured ; scutel pure white.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body brassy-black ; punctures numerous, confluent, impressed?
with minute hairs ; head with a deeply impressed line between
the antennae, extending to the origin of the thorax ; front with
minute punctures; labrum piceous; mandibles dark piceous at
base ; antennae longer than the body, dark reddish-piceous, paler
at base ; thorax with a very robust short spine on each side; pos-
long's second expedition. 193
tcrior margin with an impressed transverse line ; anterior mar-
gin with the punctures so transversely elongated and confluent
as to appear wrinkled; feet blackish-piceous, paler at base; scutel
covered with dense prostrate pure white hair ; elytra with the
impressed punctures larger at base, transversely confluent ; hu-
merus rather prominent, obtuse ; on different parts of the elytra
is dense, dirty brown, very [290] short, prostrate hair, tip un-
armed ; beneath blackish with a purplish or slight cupreous
tinge j a little hairy, particularly on the postpectus.
Length nine-tenths of an inch.
[Is a species of 3Ionoliammus. — Lec]
SAPERDA Fabr.
S. vestita. Body entirely covered with very short greenish-
yellow hair ; elytra with three small dots.
Inhabits near the southern extremity of Lake Michigan.
Antennae about the length of the body ; eyes dark chestnut ;
thorax with an obsolete dorsal line ; elytra unarmed at tip ; dots
black, small, three on each elytrum, placed one before and near
the middle, largest one a little nearer the base and more distant
from the suture than the other, and one behind the middle, dis-
tant from the preceding in a line with the anterior one.
Length three-fourths of an inch.
A very fine insect. It is also sometimes found in Pennsyl-
vania.
CLYTUS Fabr. [292]
1. C. spectosus. [Ante, p. 118.]
2. C. undulatus. [Ante, p. 119.]
MOLORCHUS Fabr.
M. marginalis. Yellowish ; elytra dusky on the disk ; an-
ennse shorter than the elytra.
Inhabits United States.
Body with numerous minute hairs ; head yellow ; vertex, palpi
blackish ; antennas short, hardly reaching the tip of the elytra
and excepting the three basal joints, blackish ; eyes prominent,
black-brown ; thorax short, transversely oval, yellow with a dusky
disk ; elytra much abbreviated, rounded at tip, yellow ; disk
13
194: long's second expedition.
dusky, reaching to the base; the margin at tip is broad so as to
resemble a yellow spot on each elytrum ; edge, like that of the
thorax, a little elevated, particularly at tip ; abdomen long, yel-
low; segments more or less tinged with rufous at base; tail
dusky or black; feet more or less dusky, with yellow incisures,
sometimes nearly all yellow ; venter somewhat sericeous.
Length three-tenths of an inch.
This species is not uncommon in Pennsylvania, and it is also
an inhabitant of the North-west Territory.
[Not a Cerambycide, but a Telephoride, allied to Mai thin us, and
forming the genus Trypherus Lec.,= Lygerus Kiesenwetter. —
Lec]
HISPA Linn.
H. vittata Fabr. This species varies much in color, so much
so indeed, that more than one species might be formed of it by a
naturalist who relied implicitly on the [293] description which
Fabricius gives of the insect. He describes the thorax to be
" obscure aeneus, nitens lateribus rufescentibus," and the elytra
" obscure aenea, nitidula : vitta lata, fusca." Now, I have a
specimen, taken near Philadelphia, which agrees very well with
these characters, although the thorax exhibits a tinge of rufous,
and has the additional character of an obscure yellowish-brown
exterior margin of the elytra, which might however, on a super-
ficial examination, be very readily overlooked. But several
specimens which we obtained in the North-west Territory, though
evidently the vittata, differ so widely from the quoted description,
that they would probably be considered as altogether new by an
entomologist who had not a specimen which could serve as a link
to the Fabrician specimen. These individuals all correspond
perfectly in having a bright rufous thorax, dark steel-blue elytra
with a narrow rufous fillet and lateral margin; the venter also is
very dark steel-blue.
H. marginata. — Fulvo-sanguineous ; elytra with sanguine-
ous lines ; feet yellowish.
Inhabits United States.
H. marginata Melsh. Catal.
Head with an acute impressed line ; antennas dark rufous,
not surpassing the thorax; thorax with dilated irregular punc-
long's second expedition. 195
tures; anterior and lateral edge dull sanguineous; elytra serrate
on all the outer edge; sutural edge, external edge, and four lines
elevated, and with abbreviated sanguineous lines ; first line bi-
furcate at base ; third line widely interrupted in the middle and
confluent with the fourth line near the tip and on the humeral
tubercle ; fourth line serrated ; humeral tubercle prominent ; in-
terstitial spaces with a double series of profound, dilated punc-
tures, separated by elevated lines ; tip of the elytra so [294] ob-
tuse as to appear truncated ; beneath sanguineous ; feet pale yel-
lowish.
Length more than one-fifth of an inch.
Var. o. Disk of the pectus and postpectus, black.
This is our most common species, and we found a specimen in
the North-west Territory.
[This is Hispa quadrata Fabr. — Lec]
GALLERUCA Geoff. Latr.
G-. decora. — Dusky ; elytra dull testaceous, sericeous with
golden-brassy hair.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body dusky; head with a transverse impressed line between
the eyes and another descending between the antennae ; antennas
two basal incisures, whitish ; face between the antennae and a
little above them pale yellowish ; lab rum and palpi blackish ; tho-
rax tinged with golden-brassy hair ; a longitudinal impressed line,
and a lateral sublunate impressed space ; anterior margin, par-
ticularly on each side, dull whitish ; anterior angles with a slightly
elevated tubercle surmounted by a single hair, and separated by
an impressed line ; elytra dull testaceous, sericeous with brilliant,
dense, prostrate, golden-brassy hair ; punctures rather large, pro-
found, scattered irregularly ; beneath blackish, with very short
prostrate hair ; punctures small; feet whitish.
Length less than one-fifth of an inch.
ALTICA Geoff. Latr.
A. t^eniata. — Black; antennae, feet, and vitta on the elytra,
white.
Inhabits North-west Territory. [295]
Body deep black, polished ; head with rather distant, pro-
found punctures ; region of the antennae a little elevated and
196 long's second expedition.
dull rufous ; antennae pale, dusky at base and tip ; thorax punc-
tured ; punctures rather large and profound, but not very dense ;
no impressed line ; posterior angles with a minute abrupt excurva-
ture acute ; elytra punctured like the thorax, with a longitudinal
white vitta on the middle of each, commencing at the middle of
the base and extending rectilinearly, with a slight degree of at-
tenuation to near the tip, and occupying about the sixth part of
the surface ; feet pale, posterior thighs dusky towards the tip.
Length three-twentieths of an inch.
This species resembles A. striolata Schoenh., (which seems to
be the Crioceris vittata and Galleruca elongata of Fabr., and
Mr. J. F. Melsheimer quotes also as synonymous, the A. flexuosa
Panzer,) but it is larger, of a more elongated form, and the vitta
of the elytra is not flexuous as in that common and profusely
named insect. I have not met with it in the Atlantic States.
EUMOLPUS Kugell. Latr.
1. E. flavidus. — Pale yellowish; elytra striate with double
series of punctures.
Inhabits United States.
Body densely punctured ; punctures rather large and profound ;
head with two slightly elevated tubercles between the antennae ;
thorax tinged with rufous ; elytra with elevated lines, of which
the inner one curves round at base and descends a short distance
to unite with the sutural line ; interstitial spaces, excepting the
subsutural one and the two exterior ones, with double series of
rather [296] large profound punctures ; exterior edge blackish-
brown ; venter dusky.
Length nearly one-fifth of an inch.
Var. a. interstitial spaces of the elytra black ; beneath except-
ing the feet, black.
This insect is common in Pennsylvania ; the variety was ob-
tained on St. Peter's river, and might readily be mistaken for a
distinct species.
[Belongs to Colaspis. — Lec]
2. E. cochlearius. — Body black; base of the antennae, tibia
and elytra testaceous.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body short, robust ; head punctured, hairy ; an impressed line
long's second expedition. 197
from the vertex bifurcates near the antennae ; antennae, five basal
joints testaceous, more slender than the remaining ones, and
hardly equalling their collective length ; palpi testaceous, termi-
nal joint black; thorax with short, prostrate, cinereous hairs like
those of the head ; punctured, punctures rather large, giving
origin to the hairs ; transversely oval ; sides without edges ; ely-
tra testaceous ; punctures numerous, rather large, subequidistant,
giving origin to prostrate hairs ; beneath deeper black, with
smaller punctures and shorter hairs ; feet also with fine hairs,
more numerous on the tibiae which are testaceous.
Length $ more than three-twentieths, V one-fifth of an inch.
[Considered by Kirby as the same with the European Adoxus
or Bromius vltis. — Lec]
COCCINELLA Linn.
C. bitriangularis. — White; thorax with six, elytra each
with nine black spots.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body above white ; vertex black, the color extending down-
wards in a point near each eye ; thorax with six large [297]
black subquadrate spots, placed by threes in two triangles, one
on each side of the middle, the two inner spots of each triangle
sometimes confluent ; scutel black ; elytra, each with nine spots,
placed as follows : one, large subquadrate ; two small ; one large
oblong ; two small ; two, the exterior one elongated ; one small,
transverse ; beneath black ; feet yellowish-white.
Length more than one-tenth of an inch.
[Apparently the same as C. multiguttata Randall. Bost. Jour.
Nat. Hist. 2, 51, which belongs to Hippodamia. — Lec]
ORDER OR1HOPTERA.
SPECTRUM Stoll. Lam.
S. femoratum. — Apterous ; intermediate thighs dilated, an-
gulated, and with the posterior thighs armed with a spine near
the tip.
Inhabits United States.
Body greenish-brown, without any rudiments of hemelytra ;
head yellowish with three dilated fuscous vittae ; antennae
elongated, brown ; anterior thighs unarmed, simple, bright green :
198 long's second expedition.
tibia dull green, tip and tarsus testaceous ; intermediate thighs
dilated, angulated, pale ochreous, annulated with brown, the in-
ferior angulated lines slightly serrated ; a prominent, piceous,
acute, robust spine beneath near the tip ; tibia greenish, slightly
serrated on the inner side ; tarsus testaceous ; posterior thighs
brownish, ochreous, with a prominent, piceous, acute, robust
spine near the tip beneath.
Length about three inches.
A specimen occurred at the falls of Niagara on a Hickory
tree (Carya,) and I formerly obtained one near the Missouri
river. They are both males.
[Ante, p. 82 • this insect has been placed in a variety of
genera by different authors Diapheromerus Sayii Gray, Synopsis
of Phasmidse (1835) p. 18 : Diaphcromera Sayi Serv. Orthopt.
(1839) p. 247 : Bacunculus Sayi Burnt. Handb. 2, part 2, 566 :
Bacteria Sayi Charp. Orth. (1846), pi. 6. — Uhler.]
\_S. hivittatum is Anisomorpha buprestoides Stoll. Spect.pl. 23
fig. 269 : 88, % : Gray, Syn. 19 : Burin. Handb. 570.— Uhler.]
ORDER HEMIPTERA. [298]
SCUTELLERA Lam.
1. S. binotata. — Head much arcuated, subtrilobate at tip ; a
large cinereous spot on the humeral region.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body oval, yellowish-gray, varied with dusky ; punctured ;
punctures small, black ; head longitudinally very much decurved,
not forming a right line even on the vertex ; fuscous, with three
obsolete, dull fulvous vittae ; punctures dense, small, profound ;
two profound, very obvious, distinctly undulated impressed lines
on the anterior two-thirds of the head, the included space a little
elevated, and a tip forming a small lobe ; lateral edge concavely
arcuated, forming a rounded lobe at the lateral tip ; thorax,
punctures rather smaller than those of the head ; anterior half,
excepting the lateral margin, unequal, fuscous, with three obso-
lete dull fulvous lines ; posterior half abruptly a little elevated ;
lateral edge black, concavely arcuated before, and convexly so
behind ; posterior angles slightly emarginated ; scutel entirely
concealing the tergum and the hemelytra, excepting a very small
long's second expedition. 199
portion of the latter at base ; basal disk dusky ; a glabrous line
extending to the tip and margined with dusky; a large cinereous
semiorbicular spot in which are abbreviated black lines, extend-
ing from the humeral angle to the lateral middle; beneath
covered with black punctures; feet black; knees and spot near
the tip fulvous; tibia fulvous with black lines; tarsi black.
Length more than one-fourth of an inch.
This species may be distinguished by the curvature of [299 ]
the line of the head, and by the large spot on the humeral re-
gion.
2. S. -Exeifrons. — Dull fulvous, varied with fuscous; head
and two spots on the thorax brassy.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body oval, punctured ; head densely punctured, convex, with
two impressed nearly rectilinear lines from the tip abbreviated at
the vertex ; lateral edges convexly arcuated, tip rounded, the
space included between the impressed lines very slightly project-
ing ; antennas fuscous, basal joint whitish ; thorax dull fulvous,
with obsolete longitudinal fuscous spaces, and a brassy triangular
spot each side before ; lateral edge nearly rectilinear to the pos-
terior angles, which are rounded entire ; scutel dull fulvous,
varied with fuscous ; hemelytra punctured, visible portion tri-
angular ; beneath pale, head brassy, a brassy spot on each side of
the pectus ; thighs with a few black points.
Length about three-tenths of an inch.
This species is subject to vary in being rather smaller, and in
the fuscous variegations being hardly discernible, but tire other
characters remain unchanged.
o
MEMBRACIS Fabr. Latr.
Jl. M. diceros. — Thorax 2-horned; varied with brown, pale
before ; wings and beneath blackish.
Inhabits United States.
Body above punctured, truncated and vertical before, sur-
mounted by two horizontal subconic horns extending laterally ;
clypeus, vertical portions of the thorax, and triangular space in-
cluded between the horns, whitish-green, varied with fuscous ;
horns fuscous behind and beneath ; back acutely carinated, termi-
nated in a very acute subulate [300] decurved point nearly as long
200 long's second expedition.
us the abdomen, but much shorter than the hemelytra ; sides of
the thorax posterior to the horns blackish-brown, with an arcuated
spot or line behind the horns, and a band near the tip, whitish ;
hemelytra and wings blackish-brown; beneath blackish; rostrum,
knees, tibia, and tarsi, whitish.
Length three-tenths of an inch.
This is an inhabitant of Pennsylvania, and also of the North-
st Territory. It is closely allied to < Centrotus buhalus Fabr.
•A is infested by L&ptw Itiqjidus, nob.
2. M. trilineata. — Brownish-rufous ; thorax elevated on the
addle, with three longitudinal, one oblique, and one transverse
ie, whitish.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body with rather large dense punctures ; head pale greenish-
ollow, obsoletely irrorate with brown points ; thorax before
"imded, unarmed; a dilated pale greenish vitta from the head,
a divided by the rounded elevation near the middle of the back,
.aid passes down on each side in an oblique white line, which
terminates at the inferior edge behind the middle ; a narrow line
on each side passes from the head and terminates at the emargi-
nation of the origin of the hemelytra ; a white band near the
tip margined with fuscous ; dorsal foliaceous elevation taking its
rise behind the line of the origin of the hemelytra, its edge very
obtusely curved, and gradually disappearing behind at the white
band, its sides in the middle are abruptly compressed ; tip acute,
not attenuated ; hemelytra with a punctured scale at base, which
is adjusted in the emargination of the thoracic edge; coriaceous
exterior margin less than one-fourth the length of the hemelytra,
and punctured ; beneath yellowish-green.
Length three-tenths of an inch. [301]
3. M. concava. — Fuscous with elevated lines on the thorax,
and an oblique white band behind.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body with dilated punctures; head inequal, varied with
whitish and fuscous ; tip a little more prominent in the middle ;
thorax unarmed, rounded before, with a carina originating at the
head and continued to the tip; elevated lines like nervures,
which are reticulate on the anterior part and near the back, but
long's second expedition. 201
on the sides they are distinctly four or five in number ; back
over the origin of the wings a little concave ; anterior or front
of the thorax pale ; carina on its concave portion white, and a
white oblique band from behind the middle of the back to the
exterior edge nearer the tip ; tip obtuse, hardly surpassing the
hemelytra ; hemelytra dull amber, dusky at tip ; ncrvures brown ;
a fuscous, coriaceous, punctured basal margin extending more
than half the length of the wing ; a fuscous, punctured scale ad-
justed in an emargination of the edge of the thorax ; beneath pice-
ous-black ; knees, tibia, and tarsi, yellowish.
Length one-fifth of an inch.
Yar. a. Thorax ferruginous or whitish, black or fuscous before
and behind.
This species is also an inhabitant of Missouri and Arkansa.
4. M. binotata. — Thorax with a compressed horn extending
above the head, and two spots on the back.
Inhabits United States.
Body fuscous, punctured ; head longer than broad, rounded at
tip, minutely punctured; thorax with a projecting horn before,
which rises high above the line of the back, compressed, carinated
above, each side, and beneath, and incurved towards the tip ;
between the lateral and [302] inferior carinas are three elevated
lines converging towards the eye ; superior carina of the horn
continued upon the back to the tip ; lateral carina of the horn
continued upon the side to the middle of the thoracic edge ;
carina of the back slightly undulated, with two yellowish spots,
of which one is on the middle and the other near the tip smaller
and placed nearer to the anterior one than its own length ; tip
acute ; anterior and intermediate tibiae dilated, foliaceous ; pos-
terior tibia with two serrated lines behind ; hemelytra opaque,
much longer than the abdomen ; wings hardly longer than the
abdomen.
Length including the horn seven-twentieths ; exclusive of the
horn more than one-fifth of an inch.
The e}-es are very nearly equidistant between the tip of the
horn and of the hemelytra. It very closely resembles the lan-
ceolata Fabr. an inhabitant of South America, of which it may
possibly prove to be a variety.
202 long's second expedition.
5. M. latipes. — Thorax with a compressed, porrect horn;
body fuscous, immaculate.
Inhabits United States.
Body fuscous, punctured ; hemelytra paler ; thorax, horn ex-
tended in a line with the back and slightly decurved at tip ; but
in other respects resembling that of the preceding species ; black
immaculate, posterior tip acute; hemelytra paler than the thorax;
nervures fuscous.
Length equalling the preceding species.
This species very closely resembles the hinotata, but the horn
has a very different direction ; the back is destitute of spots, and
the hemelytra seem to be of a more membranaceous texture.
[303] CERCOPIS Fabr. Germar.
^ C. parallella. — Hemelytra with two whitish bands, which
are margined with dusky.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Dusky yellowish-brown, punctured ; head densely punctured ;
dusky in the middle and near the eyes ; a glabrous somewhat
elevated longitudinal line ; length less than one-third of the-
breadth; thorax less densely punctured than the head ; angulated
at the middle of the anterior edge; a glabrous somewhat elevated
line from the anterior central angle, continued on the scutel ;
scutel acute, punctured at base, glabrous at tip ; hemelytra densely
punctured; an oblique band from the tip of the scutel, attains
the exterior edge near the middle, it is whitish, margined with
dusky ; another oblique band parallel with the preceding and of
the same colors, is placed a short distance behind the middle ;
near the tip on the inner edge is a whitish spot ; pectus and feet
yellowish; tarsi, terminal joint dusky; tergum and venter
dusky, margined with sanguineous.
Length two-fifths of an inch.
This species varies a little in the shade of its coloring, and
when dark in color, the bands are almost obsolete. This species
also occurs in Missouri and Arkansa.
\i
long's second expedition. 203
ORDER NEUROPTERA.
BAETIS Leach.
, 1. B. bilineata. — Large, pale ferruginous; inferior wings
margined behind with dusky; tergum fuscous with a double
series of whitish lines. [304]
Inhabits St. Peter's river.
Head above somewhat fulvous ; beneath and front yellow ;
thorax, first segment yellowish-brown, blackish each side and
before; second segment pale brownish, a little tinged with rufous
and with indistinct oblique whitish lines, proceeding from the
longitudinal impressed line; two brown spots on the middle
placed transversely ; wings hyaline, whitish, with fuscous ner-
vures ; posterior margin of the infcriores fuscous ; tergum fus-
cous ; lateral margin whitish ; posterior edges of the segments
white above; a double series of whitish, oblique, dilated, abbre-
viated lines.
Length $ to tip of the wings one and three-tenths of an
inch.
This is much the largest species of this country I have seen ;
.it appeared in considerable numbers.
[Belongs to Palingcnia, and is P. limbata Gruer. Icon. Eegne
An. pi. 60, fig. 7. — Uhler.]
2. B. alternata. — Wings whitish, nervures fuscous ; tergum
fuscous, segments whitish at their bases.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body fuscous ; head on the anterior margin and gense white ;
thorax pale brownish-livid, yellowish near the scutel ; wings hya-
line, with a whitish reflexion, nervures not margined; pleura and
pectus varied with yellowish; feet pale ochreous, a fuscous
annulus near the tip of the thighs; tergum fuscous; segments
whitish at base, one or two ultimate segments with two whitish
longitudinal lines ; venter whitish, each segment with two oblique
lines and two intermediate points, black ; seta whitish, with
regular fuscous spots alternating.
Length of the body % from two-fifths to half an inch.
Closely allied to the femoratus, nobis,* but may be distinguished
* Western Quarterly Reporter, vol. 2, p. 162. — Ante. p. 171-
204 long's second expedition.
[305] from that species at once, by the nervures of the wings
being altogether destitute of colored margins.
3. B. alba. — White; vertex and anterior feet above dusky.
Inhabits Winnepeek river.
Thorax slightly tinged with pale yellowish-brown; anterior
feet short, rather robust; nervures upon and near the costal
margin dusky.
Length of the body 2 about half an inch.
This insect appears in immense numbers. They rise upon the
wing in the evening, and their short existence in the perfect
state appears to be terminated before sunrise. For a more parti-
cular account of this species, see the Narrative.
ASCALAPHUS Fabr.
A. 4-maculatus. — Wings with a white costal spot ; antennae
as long as the body ; tergum varied with black and testaceous ;
eyes with a suture.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Head and stethidium covered by long cinereous hair, the latter
part blackish, varied with pale testaceous ; labrum honey -yellow ;
antennae as long as the body, dull yellowish-brown; incisures
blackish, clavum oval, compressed, blackish with pale incisures ;
eyes large, prominent, in the middle divided by an impressed line;
wings hyaline with a milk-white reflexion, an opake snow-white
spot near the tip of the costal margin, nervures black ; tergum
testaceous, segments with a dorsal line and oblong spot each side,
black, terminal segments nearly all black; sides black, varied
with testaceous.
Length to tip of wings one inch and a half.
[306] Like the cayennensis Fabr. this species has a white spot
on each wing, but the clavum of the antennae is not truncated.
The eyes are each bisected by an impressed line in the middle,
as in the maculatus Oliv. and all others of this genus. This
species was found by Mr. William W. Wood.
HEMEROBIUS Latr. Lam.
1. H. irroratus. — Blackish ; thorax with three lines and
lateral margin yellowish ; wings hyaline with black spots.
Inhabits United States.
long's second expedition. 205
Body hairy ; antenna; fuscous, less than half the length of the
body, filiform ; orbits above and before, and hypostoma glabrous,
white, the latter with a broad, transverse, brownish line near the
tip ; labrum white, with two obsolete, dusky, longitudinal spots;
maxillary palpi black; a large, transverse quadrate, black, gla-
brous spot, surrounding the base of the antenna; ; thorax, ante-
rior segment five-lines, lines equal; feet whitish, hairy, four
anterior thighs annulate with brown near the tip, their tibia at
tip and annulus near the base, brown ; pleura, incisures whitish ;
wings hyaline, with numerous irregular, unequal, black and white
points and spots, which are larger on the inner and outer margin ;
nervures and margins alternately spotted with blackish and white;
nervures of the disk with only a single line of connecting ner-
vures which pass across the middle ; margin with numerous ner-
vures ; inferior wings without spots, excepting on the margin.
Length to tip of the wings one inch and a quarter.
Rather rare in Pennsylvania. We obtained a specimen in
the North-west Territory, and Mr. Isaiah Lukens informed
me that they are extremely numerous near Lake Erie in June.
[This was described by Fabricius, under the name Semblis
punctata, Ent. Syst., 73. He afterwards described it, Ent. Syst.,
Supp. 202, as Hemerobius nebitlosns. It is also Polystcechotcs stictt-
rns Burm. Handbuch. ii. p. 982. Osmylus validus Walker, Brit.
Mus. Cat. 233, 3, and Hemerobius irroratus, Fitch, 1st report,
p. 92, 1. The name must now remain Polystcechotes punctattis. — ■
Uhler.] [307]
2. H. vittatus. — Pale yellowish, with a black vitta on the
pleura; abdomen fuscous; wings spotted with black.
Inhabits Pennsylvania and New Jersey.
Head with a transverse, quadrate, dusky spot between the
eyes ; antennae somewhat longer than the head and thorax, yel-
lowish-rufous, blackish at tip and base ; eyes prominent, black ;
thorax greenish-white, dusky between the wings, first segment a
little narrowed before ; wings hyaline, with black spots ; costal
nervures articulate with black and white ; a small white spot
near the costal tip of each wing ; inferior wings with fewer spots
than the superior ones, but behind the costal middle is a large
orbicular spot, and a smaller irregular one near the tip; meta-
thorax blackish above ; pleura with a broad blackish vitta, ex-
206 long's second expedition.
tending from near the head to the abdomen ; feet blackish, thighs
at base, an annulus near the tip of the posterior ones, and pos-
terior tibia towards the tip, pale ; abdomen blackish, with an ob-
solete, pale, small spot on some of the segments of the tergum.
Length to tip of the wings one and two-fifths of an inch.
This fine insect is in the collection of the Philadelphia Museum.
and was found by Mr. Titian Peale.
CHAULIODES Latr.
C. serricornis. — Brownish -black, wings spotted with white.
Inhabits United States.
Head somewhat wider than the thorax, dusky testaceous at
base, diameters nearly equal ; antennas deeply serrated, black ;
wings blackish; superior wings with a white band across the
middle not attaining the inner margin and widest on the costal
margin, a white spot on the costal [308] margin near the tip, and
numerous, small, white dots on the disk near the tip ; inferior
wings with a narrow band across the middle not attaining the
inner margin and near the tip larger spots, white.
Length to tip of the wings from one inch and a quarter to one
inch and a half.
A fine insect, which appears to inhabit almost every part of the
United States, though I have not met with many specimens any
where. Mr. JNuttall brought me an individual from Arkansa ;
Br. Bigsby took a specimen as far north as the Lake of the Woods,
and I have found one in Pennsylvania, another in Missouri, and
a third on Red river of Lake Winnepeek.
[A synonym of this species is Neuromus maculatus Rambur,
Neur. pi. 10, fig. 2.— Uhler.]
PHRYGANEA Linn. Latr.
1. P. subfasctata. [Ante, p. 97.]
2. P. radiata. — Pale yellowish-brown j wings with a fuscout-
circle, from which proceed four radii. [3091
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Antennas fuscous; vertex and neck hairy; thorax on each sidi
before the wings, and two dorsal series, hairy; superior winge
nearly hyaline ; beyond the middle a large fuscous circle from
which a dilated line proceeds to the tip, another to the inferior
long's second expedition. 207
angle, a third to the carpal spot, and a fourth towards the base,
interrupted in its middle ; dorsal margin, particularly towards
the base, fuscous ; surface with scattered hairs, those of the ner-
vures more distinct and blackish ; tibiae and tarsi with black setae.
Length to tip of wings seven-tenths of an inch.
3. P. sericea. — Blackish, sericeous; wings varied with fus-
cous and sericeous.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Head with a cinereous gloss, and a few long hairs ; antennas
brown, incisures margined with yellowish ; basal joint color of
the head ; thorax with a cinereous gloss in a particular light ;
superior wings varied with pruinose and fuscous ; a transverse,
quadrate, blackish spot on the middle of the inner margin; hairs
numerous, minute, those of the nervures larger and black ; in-
ferior wings immaculate ; posterior pairs of feet pale ochreous,
sericeous, with black setae.
Length to tip of wings more than two-fifths of an inch.
MANTISPA Illig. Latr.
M. brunnea. [Ante, p. 54.]
ORDER HYMENOPTERA. [310]
XYELA Dalman.
X. ferruginea. — Ferruginous; thoracic spots and base of
the abdomen blackish.
Inhabits Arkansa.
Antennae fuscous, basal joint ferruginous above the antennae
[311] and extending between the eyes is a transverse black spot;
thorax each side above the base of the superior wings with a
longitudinal blackish spot, connected behind with a transverse,
almost indefinite one ; metathorax blackish behind ; wings hya-
line, slightly tinged with yellowish, nervures brown; terguni,
three basal segments black, remaining segments obsoletely blackish
on their posterior margins ; posterior pairs of the tibiae six-spined,
one on the middle, one beyond the middle, and the other at tip.
Length to tip of oviduct seven-twentieths of an inch.
This interesting insect was presented to me by Mr. Thomas
Nuttall, who obtained it during his expedition to Arkansa. The
forms of some of the wing cellules differ a little from those of
208 long's second expedition.
the type of this genus. The first radial cellule receives the first
recurrent nervure and is nearly square, slightly oolong, and
nearly two-thirds the size of the second cellule, which receives
no recurrent nervure and is somewhat smaller than the third
cellule. The latter receives two recurrent nervures. The cu-
bital cellules are subequal, bounded beneath by an almost recti-
linear line, the third nearly attains the tip of the wing, leaving
the fourth cellule very small. The maxillary palpi also are
much shorter than those of the Swedish species. This disposi-
tion of the nervures will authorize the formation of a distinct
section in the genus.
XIPHYDRIA Latr.
1. X. abdominalis. — Black ; abdomen rufous.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Head confluently punctured ; antennae short ; vertex with two
distant, longitudinal, yellow spots, and another [312] transverse
one on each cheek above; thorax confluently punctured, margined,
and with three longitudinal impressed lines distant before ; wings
fuliginous; abdomen bright rufous; first segment above blackish;
feet piceous black.
Length more than half an inch.
The abdominal color of this species distinguishes it at once
from any other. In dromedarius the middle segments of the
tergum are rufous, but the terminal and three basal segments are
black, and there is a series of whitish lateral spots.
2. X. tibialis. — Black ; four lateral spots of the abdomen,
first tarsal joint and base of the tibia white.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Stethidium rough with confluent punctures, immaculate ;
wings hyaline, nervures dark fuscous ; feet black ; tibia white,
fuscous at tip; tarsi, first joint white; abdomen black, three mid-
dle segments and the penultimate segment, each with a white
spot on each side.
Length more than two-fifths of an inch.
This species resembles the camelus Fabr., and Urocerus annu-
latus Jur., but is less than half the size of either, and the former,
according to authors, has ferruginous feet and a smooth thorax ;
the latter has a lateral white spot on each of the abdominal seg-
ments excepting the penultimate one.
long's second expedition. 209
TARPA Fabr., Le Pelletier.
T. scrtpta. — Black, with white lines and spots ; abdomen ru-
fous.
Inhabits North-west Territory and Arkansa.
Hypostoma on its anterior margin, mandibles and palpi whitish ;
line upon the orbits extending from near the antennae ["313] to
the occiput and together with an insulated spot each side on the
vertex when viewed from behind presenting the form of the
figure 3, white ; a white slightly oblique spot above the base of
each antenna ; inferior orbits white : thorax with an abbreviated,
transverse, augulated line before, slightly interrupted in the
middle, a line before each wing and three small spots on the
middle placed triangularly, white; wings hyaline, nervures fus-
cous ; feet yellowish-white ; abdomen rufous, first segment, and
sometimes the tip, black.
Length from more than three-tenths to two-fifths of an inch.
CEPHUS Latr.
1. C. trimaculatus. — Black ; abdomen with a yellowish-
white spot each side at the middle.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Orbits before, two longitudinal spots on the hypostoma, and
base of the mandibles yellowish-white ; wings brown-black ; me-
tathoi'ax with a pale greenish, membranaceous, triangular spot
behind ; abdomen on the middle with a transverse oval pale yel-
lowish spot each side.
Length $ nearly one-half, $ nearly three-fourths of an inch.
Yar. a. head immaculate.
Yar. /?• a very small indistinct spot on each side beyond the
middle.
In the collection of Mr. William W. Wood, the great differ-
ence in point of size between the sexes of this insect, might
readily lead to error with respect to their specific identity.
2. C. abbreviatus. — Black; abdomen rufous at base. [314]
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
9 Body black, polished ; labruni white, with a dilated, longi-
tudinal, fuscous line ; thorax with an oblique, white, abbreviated
line at the base of the superior wings ; scutel with a transverse
14
210 long's second expedition.
white line ; metathorax with a longitudinal white triangle ; wings
hyaline, nervures fuscous ; the small nervure which divides the
first marginal cellule from the first submarginal cellule is abbre-
viated and does not reach the margin ; feet pale rufous, tibiae
with a white abbreviated line on the exterior side near the knees ;
posterior tibiae and tarsi black ; abdomen compressed, acutely
edged above beyond the middle ; first and second segments ru-
fous.
Length seven-twentieths of an inch.
This may be readily distinguished from the preceding species
as well by its inferior size and color, as by the remarkable ab-
breviation of the dividing nervure of the first marginal and sub-
marginal cellules.
HYLOTOMA Latr.
H. dulciaria. — 9 Pale rufous ; head, wings and feet viola-
ceous-black.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Antennae black, with a slight violaceous tinge ; pectus with a
large, well defined black spot, tinged with violaceous ; feet hardly
tinged with violaceous; abdomen yellow; tail black.
Length to tip of the wings nine-twentieths of an inch.
This species was found by Dr. Bigsby, to whom I am indebted
for the specimen. It seems to be allied to the pectoralis Leach,
of which, however, the wings are " luteo-hyalinae."
LOPHYRUS Latr., Leach. [315]
L. abdominalis. — 9 Antennae 18-jointed, pale-yellowish ;
thorax with black spots.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Head reddish-yellow ; a large, transverse, black spot above the
antennae descending on each side between the antennae and the
eyes to the sides of the mouth, and ascending by two distant
narrow lines over the vertex to the occiput; mandibles piceous
at tip ; thorax with large black spots, occupying the greater por-
tion of the surface ; scutel pale yellow ; wings hyaline, nervures
and stigmata fuscous ; thighs dusky at base ; tergum yellow,
tinged with rufous, whitish on the lateral margin ; segments pice-
ous on their posterior edges.
long's second expedition. 211
This species seems to be allied to L. americanus Leach, but
that insect is stated to have nineteen joints to the antennae.
NEMATUS Jur.
N. ventralis. — Black ; venter and feet pale.
Inhabits United States.
% Hypostorna, palpi and mandibles at base, whitish ; orbits
above and behind piceous; thorax dilated, triangular line before
the wing, and wing scale whitish ; wings slightly dusky, ner-
vures fuscous; feet honey-yellow, posterior tarsi black-brown;
tergum black, segments each with a yellow band of which the
four terminal ones are interrupted in the middle ; venter pale
h oney -yellow.
Length one-fourth of an inch.
9 Orbits all round whitish ; white line or spot before [316]
the wings with about three obsolete black spots before ; feet white,
thighs black in the middle, posterior tarsi blackish; tergum
lack, the bands obsolete ; venter white and segments blackish.
Length three-tenths of an inch.
Belongs to Nematus Leach, and to Ncmatus^^ Le Pelletier.
TENTHREDO Latr.
1. T. basilaris. — Black, hypostorna and basal joint of the
antennas yellow ; tergum bifasciate.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
9 Body polished ; hypostorna emarginate in a curved line, and
with the labruni and mandibles yellow, the latter piceous at tip ;
gena with a yellow line abbreviated above ; tongue and palpi
pale yellow; thorax with a yellow line before the wings; scutel
yellow ; metathorax with two small yellow spots ; wings tinged
with ferruginous ; pleura with an oblique, dilated line above the
intermediate feet, and a rhomboidal spot above the posterior feet,
yellow ; anterior feet greenish-white ; intermediate feet pale yel-
lowish, a black spot on the thighs near the tip behind ; posterior
feet pale yellowish, thighs and tibiae annulate with black at tip ;
tergum, first segment white on the posterior margin, fifth seg-
ment rufous, penultimate segment with a yellow subtriangular
spot on each side, ultimate segment at base, and tail, pale yellow;
venter, fifth segment, rufous.
Length of the body two-fifths of an inch.
212 long's second expedition.
% Cheeks entirely yellow ; a yellow spot on the pleura above
the anterior feet, connected with the thoracic line ; tergurn yel-
lowish-rufous, dusky at tip and black at base ; venter yellowish-
white, dusky at tip. [317]
This species resembles the hifasciatus nob.,* of which the
only specimen I have seen is a female. On comparing the two
species, it will be observed that the above described insect is
larger, and of a somewhat more slender form ; the surface of the
head and thorax is much more smooth ; the rufous band instead
of being on the fourth segment, as in that species, is on the
fifth, &c.
2. T. verticalis. — 9 Head pale yellow; vertex and antennae
black ; tergum yellowish, spotted with black, tip black.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Mandibles piceous at tip , antennae rather long ; vertex with a
somewhat 'lobated, large black spot, extending by a process down
between the antennae, and connected with another large spot on
the occiput; neck, a black line each side; thorax black, about
four oblique, short lines in the centre, and dilated line before
each wing, yellow ; wings hyaline, stigmata and nervures fuscous,
costal edge dull yellowish; scutel yellow; metathorax black, a
triangle at base, two dots and behind, yellow ; pleura black, a
yellow spot near the anterior wings and another over the posterior
feet ; feet yellow, slightly varied with pale testaceous ; posterior
thighs black on the terminal half, their tibiae black at tip ; tergum
yellow, with a testaceous tinge, second, third, and fourth segments
two-spotted on each ; those of the anterior one nearly confluent ;
fifth immaculate, terminal ones black; venter pale yellowish,
black at tip.
Length of the body three-twentieths of an inch.
3. T. rufipes. — $ Black; mouth yellow; feet rufous.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Antennae moderate; hypostoma emarginate with a regularly
[318] curved line, yellow; labrum nearly orbicular, and with the
mandibles pale yellow, the latter piceous at tip ; stethidium and ab-
domen black, immaculate ; wings with fuscous nervures, stigmata
* Western Quarterly Reporter, vol. 2, p. 72.— [Ante, p. 162.]
long's second expedition. 213
and costal edge ; feet pale rufous ; posterior tarsi and their tibiae
at tip blackish.
Length of the body half an inch.
4. T. terminalis. — Antennae white at tip; abdomen testa-
ceous.
Inhabits United States.
9 Body black ; head testaceous ; venter with a blackish longi-
tudinal vitta; antennae black, four last joints white; stethidium
black ; thorax with a piceous triangle before, and a large yellow
spot behind ; thorax with two small yellow spots ; wings tinged
with fuliginous; nervures fuscous ; carpal spot whitish on the basal
half; pleura with a large testaceous spot beneath the superior
wings; feet testaceous, coxae black, tip of the posterior coxae
white ; abdomen entirely testaceous.
% Tip of the antennae pale yellowish ; superior orbits with a
white sagittate spot; occiput each side with a white spot; instead
of the piceous triangle of the thorax is a white V-like spot ; pleura
testaceous; pectus testaceous, disk and posterior coxas at base
black.
Length seven-twentieths of an inch.
The white terminal joints of the antennae of this species are
very distinct and striking.
5. T. pygm^ea. — Black; thorax rufous before; feet white.
Inhabits United States.
% 9 Body polished; hypostoma obscure whitish; thorax, an-
terior segment rufous, collar dusky ; wings dusky ; feet white ;
thighs blackish in the middle behind ; posterior tibiae and tarsi
black.
Length % one fifth of an inch, 9 rather more.
DOLERUS Jut. [319]
1. D. inornatus. — Body black, polished; feet white; tarsi
dusky.
Inhabits United States.
9 Labrum and palpi whitish; thorax with a line before the
wings and wing-scale, white ; scutel with a small bullate white
spot on each side ; wings a little dusky ; nervures blackish-fus-
cous ; pleura with an abbreviated white line over the intermediate
feet; coxae color of the feet.
214 long's second expedition.
Length one-fourth of an inch.
This species belongs to Dolerus ff of Le Pelletier, Emphytw
Leach.
2. D. ARVENSis. — Blackish-violaceous ; thorax rufous, a spot
before and triangular spot behind, black.
Inhabits United States.
$> Antennae black ; palpi and mandibles black ; head black
with a violaceous tinge ; thorax with a longitudinal spot from the
collar to the middle, a small spot over the wing, posterior margin
connected with a spot, black ; metathorax black ; wings dusky ;
pleura and pectus black, tinged with violaceous, the former rufous
at the humerus, this color being connected with that of the thorax ;
feet black ■ abdomen dark-violaceous.
Length more than seven-twentieths of an Inch.
Yar. a. Black spot above the wing enlarged and reaching the
dorsal spot.
This species belongs to Hylotoma Fabr., Dosythaeus Leach,
and Dolerus ff Le Pelletier. It is found in the North-west
Territory, Pennsylvania, and Arkansa. This species is closely
allied to Tenthredo thoracina Beauv., but it does not fully agree
with his figure, and his description is too unessential to be
useful. [320]
3. D. sericetjs. — Entirely black, immaculate.
Inhabits United States.
% 9 Body, particularly the venter and feet, sericeous ; with
short hairs ; wings dusky ; tergum glabrous, polished.
Length seven-twentieths of an inch.
Belongs to the same division with the preceding species.
It is found as far south and west as Arkansa. It resembles
Tenthredo unicolor Beauv., but is somewhat larger, the three last
joints of the antennae are differently formed, and the wings are
dusky.
EYANIA Fabr.
E. unicolor. — Entirely black, immaculate, slightly sericeous.
Inhabits United States.
Antennae as long as the body ; palpi piceous ; thorax with very
few, small punctures ; metathorax densely punctured ; wings
hyaline, nervures fuscous; a distinct nervure passes from the
long's SECOND EXPEDITION. 21 i 5
dividing nervure of the cubital and discoidal cellules to the pos-
terior margin of the wing; abdomen much compressed, impunc-
tured, polished, oval, rather longer than the petiole; posterior
feet elongated.
Length more than three-tenths of an inch.
The proportions of the petiole, abdomen, and posterior feet of
this insect are nearly the same with those of cvppendigaster Fabr.,
I obtained a specimen near the Rocky Mountains, and it is also
found in Pennsylvania. The additional nervure is sometimes
connected with the radial cellule by a faint, transverse nervure.
so as to form a second cubital cellule.
FOENUS Fabr. [321]
F. tarsatorius. — Black; feet pale rufous; posterior tibia
blackish, at base white.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Antennae black-testaceous beneath towards the tip ; mandibles
testaceous, at tip black ; hypostoma each side silvery ; stethidium
immaculate, confluently punctured; wings hyaline, nervures fus-
cous ; anterior and intermediate feet pale rufous, the tibiae with a
whitish line, the base of the tarsi white ; posterior feet piceous,
tibiae blackish, clavate, a white band near the base, which is much
dilated before ; tarsi white at base, the first joint with a black
origin ; abdomen blackish, with about three dull testaceous spo^
on each side ; oviduct pale testaceous ; valves blackish, at tip
whitish.
Length of the body eleven-twentieths of an inch.
SIGALPHUS Latr.
1. S. SERICEUS. — 9 Black ; tergum sericeous ; tibia ochreous at
base.
Inhabits Xorth-west Territory.
Head with dilated, transversely confluent punctures ; nasus
minutely punctured ; thorax with much dilated, irregularly con-
fluent punctures ; scutel polished, almost impunctured on the disk,
lateral margin grooved; wings slightly fuliginous, nervures fus-
cous, those of the base very pale brownish ; nietathorax witli very
large, somewhat discoidal punctures ; tergum without obvious in-
cisures, black, covered with short, dense, cinereous, sericeous hair ;
obtuse at tip ; venter excavated ; anterior pairs of feet black, [322]
216 long's second expedition.
sericeous, with ochreous tibiae and tips of the thighs ; posterior pair
black, sericeous, tibiae ochreous at base.
Length one-fourth to nearly three-tenths of an inch.
Very like the sulcatus Jurine, but is much larger ; it differs
from Ichneumon oculator Fabr., by being immaculate, and from
Cryptus irrorator Fabr., by the oval form of its abdomen.
2. S. basilaris. — Black ; base of the antennae and feet pale
yellowish.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Head punctured; antennae, first and second joints pale yellow-
ish; mandibles yellowish; palpi white; thorax punctured; scu-
tel, metathorax, and tergum at base longitudinally wrinkled ;
wings hyaline, pale yellowish at base ; nervures fuscous ; feet
pale yellowish, tips of the tarsi dusky.
Length nearly one-fifth of an inch.
This species is in the collection of Mr. William W. Wood. It
is much smaller than the preceding species and readily distin-
guished by the color of the basal joints of the antennae and of the
feet.
BR AC ON Jur.
1. B. TIBIATOR. — Black ; wings fuscous at tip.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
9 Wings hyaline, nervures robust, fuscous ; tip including the
extremity of the second submarginal cellule, fuscous ; feet, ante-
rior pair of tibiae and tarsi yellowish- white ; intermediate tarsi
whitish ; posterior pairs of tibiae white at base.
Length of the body one-fifth of an inch. [323]
2. B. POPULATOlt. — Black ; abdomen red ; wings dark fuli-
ginous.
Inhabits United States.
£ 9 Metathorax rough, with confluent punctures ; abdomen en-
tirely reddish-fulvous ; oviduct black, longer than the abdomen.
Length of the body two-fifths of an inch.
A very common insect in many parts of the United States.
The head and stethidium are sometimes dark piceous with the
anterior portion of the thorax black. It resembles B. initiator
Fabr.
LONG'g second expedition. 217
3. B. ligator. — Black, abdomen and feet rufous, antennae with
a white annulus.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
9 Vertex and occiput impunctured ; annulus of the antennas
placed beyond the middle ; palpi piceous ; stethidium with con-
fluent punctures ; thorax with two dilated, abbreviated longitu-
dinal, dull rufous lines; scutel with a dilated, longitudinal, dull
rufous line; wings hyaline, nervures fuscous; mctathorax dull
rufous ; feet rufous, tarsi blackish at tip ; posterior thighs with
a strong tooth beneath near the tij> ; posterior tibiae fuscous ;
posterior tarsi whitish ; tergum punctured, glabrous at tip ; ovi-
duct blackish.
Length seven-twentieths of an inch.
4. B. stigmator. — Dark yellowish-rufous; metathorax and
segment of the tergum black.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Antennae as long as the body, dusky towards the tip ; vertex
between the stemmata black ; occiput all round the neck, black-
ish ; metathorax above and on the sides black ; pleura with a
blackish, dilated, longitudinal line ; pectus with a blackish, dilated
line before the anterior feet, [ 324 ] reaching near the head ; wings
hyaline ; nervures fuscous ; stigmata rather large, triangular,
fuscous, dull white at the anterior and posterior tips, and also on
the costal edge ; tergum paler, disk of the first segment blackish .
Length less than one-fifth of an inch.
This insect is one of the many species that deposit their eggs
in great numbers in the larva of Lepidopterus insects. In a dead
and dried larva, which I found adhering to a tree, were the fol-
licles of forty or fifty individuals of this species. It varies some-
what in the quantity of the black coloring with which it is marked.
In some specimens this extends not only along the pectus, but is
continued in a capillary line along the edge of the thorax, the
metathorax also is entirely black, the tergum is blackish at tip
and on the sides, the pectus has a black spot in the middle, and
the hypostoma has a transverse, blackish spot.
-18 long's second expedition.
STEPHANUS Jur.
S. RUFIPES. — Black; abdomen sessile; thorax not remarkably
attenuated before.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Body somewhat sericeous ; palpi pale yellowish ; scutel with a
groove on each side, rough ; metathorax rough, and with two
slightly elevated, longitudinal, distant lines ; wings hyaline; a
large, triangular, fuscous, carpal spot ; feet rufous ; posterior
pair of tarsi dusky ; abdomen a little rough at base ; oviduct as
long as the abdomen.
Length one-fifth of an inch.
Although the arrangement of the wing nervures agrees pre-
cisely with *S Y . coronatus Jur., yet the form of the body differ.-
materially, the thorax not exhibiting the remarkable [325] atten-
uation before, and the abdominal petiole is not visible.
ACAENITUS Latr.
(Anomalon Jur.)
A. stigmapterus. — $ Black; incisures of the feet white.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Thorax densely punctured ; two dilated grooves confluent
behind ; scutel united to the thorax by a carinated line each side ;
wings tinged with fuliginous ; nervures blackish ; stigma termi-
nated before by a small white spot ; metathorax with large con-
fluent punctures ; terminated on each side behind by a short
conic process ; pleura and pectus polished ; tibia? at base, first
joint of the tarsi at base, and near the tip of the tarsi, white.
Length more than one inch.
Well distinguished by the white points on the wings, and the
white annulations of the feet. The head in my specimen is defi-
cient.
IBALIA Latr.
I. anceps. — Dull ferruginous; wings blackish; abdomen
piccous.
Inhabits Arkansa and St. Peter's rivers.
Head with a black curved line at base of the antennae ; collar
abruptly elevated at anterior edge, and slightly emarginate in the
long's second expedition. 219
middle ; near the neck black ; thorax transversely wrinkled, and
with three longitudinal impressed distant lines, of which the in-
termediate one is black, and the lateral ones black on the exte-
rior side ; scutel scabrous, abruptly elevated at tip, and emar-
ginatedj [326] metathorax Bcabrous, black on the disk ; wingfl
fuliginous-black ; pleura and pectus blackish, the former with an
obsolete, longitudinal line beneath the wings ; thighs piceous in
the middle ; posterior pair black in the middle ; abdomen com-
pressed almost to flatness, piceous-black, margins of the segments
paler j elongate-oval ; rounded, but sharp-edged at tip ; tergum
and venter also with sharp edges.
Length nearly seven-tenths of an inch.
This species is not of very common occurence. It is very
idosely allied to Banchus cidtellator Fabr.
CHALCIS Fabr. Latr.
1. C. microgaster.— Slender, black ; anterior pairs of feet
and posterior tarsi, yellowish; peduncle as long as the abdo-
men.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Stethidium with dilated, dense punctures ; metathorax with
! angulated line above the insertion of the abdomen ; wings
hyaline, costal nervure fuscous ; posterior feet black ; tarsi yel-
lowish; first joint of the coxse with a small acute tooth above
near the tip; thighs as large as the abdomen, with numerous,
small, regular teeth on the posterior edge ; tibiae, terminal spine
longer than the first joint of the tarsi; abdomen polished, a little
compressed, triangular, the superior angle rounded.
Length less than one-fifth of an inch.
2. C ovata— Robust, black; feet yellow, thighs black at
base, head with a golden reflection.
Inhabits Ohio and Pennsylvania.
Head black, with golden sericeous hair, which is indistinct on
the vertex; antennae testaceous beneath towards the tip ; stethi-
dium with dilated, dense punctures, a little [327] sericeous with
golden hair ; scale covering the base of the wings yellow ; wings
hyaline ; nervures fuscous, at base pale yellowish ; feet bright yel-
low ; basal half of the anterior pairs of thighs black ; posterior
thighs smaller than the abdomen, black, with a yellow spot on
220 long's second expedition.
the tip above, dentated on the posterior edge ; posterior tibiae
piceous on its basal incisure; terminal spine robust, shorter than
the first tarsal joint; first joint of the posterior coxae with a
robust tooth above near the tip ; abdomen subovate, polished ;
first segment nearly glabrous, second segment hairy on each side,
remaining segments hairy near their tips.
Length one-fifth of an inch.
LEUCOSPIS Fabr.
L. affinis. — Abdomen sessile ; oviduct as long as the abdo-
men ; black, varied with yellow ; collar each side and behind
margined with yellow, and with an abbreviated, transverse, yel-
low line on the anterior submargin.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
% Body densely punctured; antennae, basal joint yellow;
collar margined each side and behind with yellow, the yellow
abbreviated line on the anterior submargin is about half the
width of the collar ; thorax, incisure at the base of the wing dull
yellow ; scutel with a transverse yellow line ; wings brownish ;
pleura, a yellow line over the insertion of the posterior feet ; feet
yellowish, thighs dusky or black at base ; posterior thighs black,
with a yellow spot at base and another at tip on the exterior side ;
posterior coxae testaceous at tip ; tergum with three nearly equal
bands, and an oval, longitudinal spot near the tip^ yellow ; venter
with a yellow spot each side, opposite to the termination of the
third band of the tergum. [ 328 ]
9 Resembles the male, but the bands of the tergum
are more dilated than those of the male, and the first is inter-
rupted by the groove of the oviduct; the second band is reduced
to a small lateral spot ; the yellow spot at tip is divided by the
groove of the oviduct ; the venter is immaculate, and posterior
thighs are piceous on the inner side.
Length rather more than three-tenths of an inch.
This species is very closely allied to the dorsigera and ffigas,
but more particularly to the former ; it is much smaller than the
gigas, and differs from both in many respects, and more obviously
in the circumstance of the anterior margin of the collar being
black, with an abbreviated yellow line on the submargin.
I observed this species running actively over the surface of a
long's second expedition. 221
rafter in a barn, very busily feeling with its antennae for a proper
situation to deposit its eggs. Having found a suitable place, the
insect, after some exertion, suddenly disengaged its oviduct from
the groove and valves, and gradually thrust the instrument into
the wood, nearly to the base; then having for a short time re-
mained at rest, probably in order to protrude the egg, the oviduct
was withdrawn, adjusted in its dorsal groove; and the insect pro-
ceeded again as before, in search of another spot suitable for its
purpose. I could not ascertain the kind of larvae, within the
wood, that received these eggs.
PSILUS Jur.
P. brevicornis. — Black, polished, immaculate; tibiae and
tarsi piceous.
Inhabits St. Peter's river.
Antennae short, first joint much elongated, second joint longer
than the remaining ones, which are subcylindric-quadrate; [329]
mandibles pale testaceous ; thorax convex, rounded, two faint im-
pressed lines each side behind converging to the scutel, and on
the posterior margin two indistinct dull whitish spots; scutel
elevated, convex; feet dark piceous; thighs nearly black; wings,
costal nervure indistinct; abdomen depressed fusiform, acute at
tip.
Length more than one-twentieth of an inch.
BETHYLUS Latr.
B. rufipes. — Black; antennae and feet rufous.
Inhabits North-West Territory.
Body slender, polished, black; mouth rufous; thorax punc-
tured; wing joint ochreous; abdomen, incisures and terminal
segment obscurely piceous.
Length less than one-fifth of an inch.
This insect is also an inhabitant of Missouri.
PROCTOTRUPES Latr.
P. caudatus. — Pale testaceous; oviduct as long as the ab-
domen.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Head with a blackish, transverse line between the antennae;
222 long's second expedition.
thorax and scutel impunctured; wings hyaline, with a very slight
ochrebus tinge, stigmata very distinct, and with the costal ner-
vures fuscous, the other nervures light brownish, the process of
the radial nervure continued transversely to the middle of the
disk of the wing, is not only extended from that point to the ex-
tremity of the wing, but also towards the base of the wing, ter-
minating in this direction at the first transverse nervure. [330]
Length of the body nearly two-fifths of an inch.
This species was also found in Missouri.
HEDYCHRUM Latr.
1. H. ventrale. Green polished ; tergum tinged with blue ;
antennae blackish at tip; venter bronze.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Antennae, excepting the first joint, blackish -b rown ; front im-
pressed ; stethidium with dilated punctures ; thorax in the mid-
dle between the wings, with a purplish shade ; wings dusky,
nervures fuscous; tarsi, excepting the basal joint, dark brownish ;
tergum passing to bluish-purple towards the tip ; tip very ob-
tusely rounded, terminal segment longer than the preceding one ;
venter entirely dull bronzed.
Length more than one-fourth of an inch.
2. H. dimidiatum. — Green polished ; posterior half of the
venter bronze.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Antennse, excepting the basal joint, and palpi, brownish-black ;
front somewhat impressed ; vertex between the stemmata dark
purplish ; stethidium with dilated punctures ; thorax longitudi-
nally on the disk dark purplish ; wings dusky, nervures fuscous;
tarsi dark brownish ; tergum longitudinally in the middle slightly
tinged with bluish, ultimate segment less than half the length of
the preceding one ; venter green, posterior half coppery.
Length nearly three-tenths of an inch.
From the collection of Mr. William Wood.
MYRMOSA Latr. [331]
M. tjnicolor. — Black; abdomen with cinereous hair; meta-
thorax with an impressed line.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
long's second expedition. 22o
Head with short cinereous hair, somewhat longer about the
mouth ; densely punctured; thorax and scutel densely punctured,
and with scattered, cinereous short hair ; posterior segment of the
former, with two light parallel impressed lines; wings hyaline,
ncrvures fuscous; metathorax with a longitudinal, impressed,
very distinct line; and a transverse one at base ; hair more ob-
vious each side; punctures smaller than those of the thorax; ab-
domen more hairy than any other part of the body.
Length three-tenths of an inch.
This insect also occurred on the Missouri, at Engineer Can-
tonment, and in Pennsylvania.
TIPHIA Fabr.
1. T. INORNATA. — Black, immaculate; wings yellowish fuli-
ginous.
Inhabits Ohio and Pennsylvania.
Head punctured ; antennae piceous, paler towards the tip ;
mandibles piceous, blackish at tip ; thorax punctured, wing-scale
and posterior margin of the first segment impunctured, edge of
die latter piceous ; metathorax with three longitudinal, slightly
elevated lines ; posterior edge also slightly elevated into an acute
line ; feet hairy, tibiae and tarsi more or less piceous ; abdomen,
particularly behind hairy.
Length three-fifths of an inch. [332]
2. T. interrupta. — Black, stethidium with yellow spots;
terguni with yellow spots and bands.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Antennae dull black-brown, first joint polished, piceous at tip;
mandibles piceous, black at tip ; thorax with a spot each side be-
fore, three in a line between the origin of the superior wings, yel-
low ; scutel with a yellow, transverse line ; wings hyaline, costal
margin fuliginous ; metathorax at the tip each side with a double
longitudinal, yellow spot; pleura with a vertical, yellow, oblong
spot beneath the origin of the superior wing ; tarsi pale piceous ;
tibiae, anterior pair blackish-piceous, posterior pairs pale piceous ;
thighs black ; tergum a little iridescent ; first segment with a
band abruptly and widely narrowed above ; second segment with
an oval spot each side ; third segment, band gradually narrowed
224 long's second expedition.
in the middle ; fourth and fifth segments, bands slightly inter-
rupted ; venter immaculate.
Length nine-twentieths of an inch.
In the collection of Mr. William W. Wood.
This species would seem to be allied to the serena, judging by
the description that Fabricius gives of that insect, particularly
as he describes the costal margin of the wings to be fuscous.
That insect, however, is stated to be only a little smaller than
the namea of the same author, a size which at once puts that
species out of the question.
POMPILUS Fabr. Latr.
1. P. fascipennis. — Black ; wings hyaline, with a fuscous
band near the tip ; abdomen rufous at base.
Inhabits United States.
9 Hypostoma and inferior portion of the front, with [333]
numerous silvery hairs ; wings with fuscous nervures ; a fuscous
band including nearly all the radial cellule, and not reaching the
posterior angle; tip slightly margined with fuscous; posterior
thighs and tibiae at base rufous ; abdomon sessile, first and second
segments rufous.
Length about three-tenths of an inch.
2. P. marginatus. — Black ; wings dusky, with a broad,
darker posterior margin ; abdomen sessile, first and second seg-
ments rufous.
Inhabits North-west Territory and Missouri.
9 The terminal dark margin of the wings is so broad as to
reach almost to the terminal cubital cellule, and passes round on
the costal margin to the origin of the radial cellule ; on the in-
ferior wings is also a broad, terminal, darker margin.
Length two-fifths of an inch.
Very similar to the preceding, but manifestly distinct by the
above characters.
CEROPALES Latr.
1. C. pasciata. — Black; thorax and tergum spotted and
banded with pale-yellowish ; feet ochreous, tarsi pale yellow.
Inhabits United States.
Front, labrum, and orbits yellow, the latter interrupted above ;
lonq's second expedition. 225
thorax punctured ; anterior margin, a spot each side near the head,
a longitudinal, abbreviated, central line, yellow; scutel with a
spot on the disk, and another transverse one beneath its tip, yel-
low; wings immaculate, nervures blackish; pectus with a yellow-
ish spot over the intermediate and another over the posterior feet ;
coxae, first joint with a dilated yellow line ; posterior feet elongated ;
terguni [334] polished ; first segment with a rather large yellow
spot on each side, angulated before ; second, third, fourth, and
fifth, with each a yellow band, slightly interrupted in the middle,
and at its termination on each side dilated into a spot; sixth
segment dull ochreous ; tail piceous.
Length nearly two-fifths of an inch.
This insect has considerable resemblance to the maculan'a
Fabr., but the longitudinal thoracic line, scutellar spot, the form
and number of the bands of the terguni, &c, sufficiently dis-
guish it. It is more especially found in Missouri.
2. C. ferruginea. — Ferruginous ; wings violet; pleura and
metathorax black.
Inhabits United States.
% Antennae beyond the third joint, gradually shaded into fus-
cous ; mandibles, the two teeth black ; thorax, middle segment
with a black anterior margin ; posterior segment and scutel, black
on each side; wings decidedly violaceous; posterior coxae at base
black; terguni, first segment at base and tip, and second seg-
ment at tip, black.
Length less than three-fifths of an inch.
3. C. bipunctata. — Black; wings dark violaceous; posterior
thighs bright rufous in the middle ; a small yellow dot each side
at the tip of the metathorax.
Inhabits United States.
% Hypostoma, labrum, anterior orbits, and line on the basal
joint of the antennae before, yellow ; mandibles piceous ; palpi
pale ; collar yellow on the posterior margin, and with the thorax
and scutel with somewhat distant punctures; wings violaceous;
posterior thighs, excepting at base and tip bright rufous.
Length from one-half to three-fourths of an inch.
$ Hypostoma and labrum black, the anterior orbits [335]
only yellow; collar destitute of the yellow margin behind.
Smaller than the female.
15
226 long's second expedition.
This species may readily be distinguished by the two small
bright yellow dots at tip each side of the metathorax, and the
bright color of the posterior thighs. It varies considerably in
size.
BEMBEX Fabr., Panz.
B. MONODONTA. — Black ; tergum with dilated, greenish-yellow
bands.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Front and vertex with cinereous hair ; labrum with a greenish,
oblong, margined spot each side; near the ' base ; thorax hardly
hairy, anterior edge terminating in a spot on the pleura; an
oblique, abbreviated line above the origin of the wings, termi-
nating in a comma-formed spot behind, greenish-yellow ; meta-
thorax, a transverse, rectilinear line at base, and an arcuated one
at base, slightly interrupted in the middle, greenish-yellow ;
thighs, at tip, tibiae and base of the tarsi, pale yellowish ; tips of
the latter dusky; a dilated black line near the tip of the anterior
tibiae ; wings hyaline ; tergum with six yellow and green bands,
which occupy more than two-thirds of the surface; first band
bilobate before, yellow, with a broad green posterior margin;
remaining bands somewhat dentated before ; the second and
third bands yellow, with a green central dash; fourth and fifth
bands yellow, their anterior margins green ; terminal band en-
tirely yellow ; venter entirely black ; a single elevation on the
second segment.
Length % half an inch.
In the collection of Mr. William W. Wood. [336]
MONEDULA Latr.
1. M. 4-FASCIATA. — Black, obscurely iridescent; tergum with
four bands, interrupted and narrowed in the middle.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Antennae with the basal joint beneath yellow; orbits anteriorly,
hypostoma and labrum, yellow ; the latter margined each side with
piceous, and the hypostoma has a more or less dilated black spot
above; mandibles blackish-piceous ; thorax with a capillary line
before ; wings hyaline, slightly fuliginous, nervures fuscous ;
metathorax at tip each side compressed and yellow ; pleura with
a whitish spot over the anterior feet, and from one to three yel-
long's second expedition. 227
lowish approximate spots above the middle ; feet pale yellowish ;
thighs black on the basal two-thirds, those of the anterior feet
black only on the exterior side ; tergum with four yellow bands,
dilated on the sides, and gradually narrowing to the middle of
the back, where they are slightly interrupted, the terminal one
widely interrupted; two terminal segments with large punctures
each side and at base ; venter with three small yellow spots each
side near the middle ; % with an obsolete spot each side on the
two segments beyond the bands, and the anus is three-spined, of
which the lateral ones are curved, and £ with an obsolete, yellow-
ish line before the wing on each side.
Length % three-fifths, 9 nearly seven-tenths of an inch.
This species is in the collection of Mr. "William W. Wood.
The hypostoma of the male specimen is occupied by the black
basal spot, excepting on its anterior margin. The bands of the
abdomen in this species are not at all dentated.
2. M. ventralis. — Black, obscurely iridescent ; tergum [337]
with about five yellow bands, interrupted, but not narrowed in
the middle.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
£ Orbits anteriorly obsoletely tinged with dull yellowish;
antennae, first joint beneath yellow; hypostoma, labrum, and
mandibles black , palpi whitish ; thorax punctured ; a line on the
anterior edge, with a spot at tip on the pleura, and a small, longi-
tudinal, oval spot each side above the inferior wings, yellow;
scutel with a transverse yellow line ; metathorax at tip each side
compressed and yellow ; wings hyaline, very slightly tinged with
fuliginous ; nervures fuscous ; feet yellowish ; thighs black from
the base to near the knee, first pair on the anterior side only the
basal half black ; tergum with about five or six yellow bands,
which are rather wider on the back and interrupted by a very
narrow space; excepting the first band which is slightly undulated,
slightly narrowed on the back, and interrupted by a wider space ;
the ultimate bands narrowed each side and interrupted near a
spot on the lateral margin ; terminal segment with large, dense
punctures, as numerous on the disk as upon the sides ; anus three-
spined, of which the lateral ones are curved ; venter each side
with a triangular spot at the tip of each of the dorsal bands
excepting the first.
228 long's second expedition.
Length nearly half an inch.
I have not seen the female, the male is in the collection of Mr.
William W. Wood.
ASTATA Latr.
A. unicolor. — Deep black, immaculate ; wings dusky at tip.
Inhabits North-west Territory and Missouri. [338]
9 Head with rather long, silvery hair ; thorax and scutel with
remote punctures, the former with a very slight appearance of
longitudinal lines before, the latter with a longitudinal impressed
line at tip, metathorax with dense, dilated punctures ; wings hya-
line, with a broad, dusky tip, nervures black ; tarsi piceous : ab-
domen polished, immaculate.
Length less than half an inch.
OXYBELUS Latr.
0. 4-notatus. — Black ; tergum with a slight, whitish, abbre-
viated line on each side of the first and second segments.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Antennae towards the tip beneath, stethidium, immaculate;
wings hyaline, nervures brown ; metathorax and scutel each with
three raised lines, two superior spines of the former whitish at
tip, decurved ; inferior spine larger, black , tarsi testaceous at
tip; anterior tibiae testaceous on the inner side; tergum polished;
lateral abbreviated line of the first segment much more distinct
than that of the second.
Length nearly one-fourth of an inch.
GOBYTES Latr.
G. BIPTJNCTATUS. — Black, collar and scutel with a white line ;
tergum with two white spots.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Hypostoma silvery white; basal joint of the antennae before,
exterior base of the mandibles and palpi, white ; line of the collar
capillary of the scutel broader, abbreviated ; [339] wings hyaline,
nervures fuscous ; pleura with a small dot before the wing ; feet
black ; tibiae sericeous, white on the exterior base ; tarsi white ;
tergum, second segment at tip each side with a small white spot.
Length three-tenths of an inch.
This species corresponds in its generic characters precisely with
long's second expedition. 229
Arpactus Jurine, and of course possesses those oblique parallel
lines of the metathorax which Jurine mentions as distinguishing
this genus.
PEMPHREDON Latr. Fabr.
1. P. concolor. — Black, minutely punctured; metathorax
with dilated punctures ; abdomen glabrous.
Inhabits Xorth-west Territory.
Head with minute pubescence, more distinct on the front ;
mandibles obtusely bifid at tip, immediately above which are two
obtuse teeth ; punctures minute, sparse on the vertex ; thorax
with a slightly impressed, longitudinal line, from which proceed
numerous, minute wrinkles, curving outwards and backwards,
punctures larger than those of the head ; wings slightly fuligin-
ous, nervures blackish; metathorax with dilated punctures, or
slightly impressed cavities ; feet somewhat sericeous ; abdomen
polished, impunctured ; petiole moderate.
Length of the body nearly seven-twentieths of an inch.
This is allied to P. unicolor Fabr.
2. P. inornatus. — Black, immaculate, punctured ; abdomen
impunctured, polished ; petiole nearly one-third the length of the
abdomen.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Wings hyaline, very slightly tinged with dusky, the [340] first
submarginal cellule receives the two recurrent nervures ; nervures
dark fuscous : stigma rather large.
Length less than three-tenths of an inch.
STIGMUS Jur. Latr.
S. eraternus. — Black, antennae and feet yellowish.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Body deep black, polished, not obviously punctured ; mandi-
bles and palpi whitish ; wings hyaline, nervures pale brown,
stigma piceous-black, whitish at base ; origin of the wings yel-
lowish ; pleura with a white spot rather before the origin of the
wings ; feet immaculate ; venter whitish at tip.
Length rather more than three-twentieths of an inch.
This species is in the collection of Mr. William W. Wood.
It is closely allied to the ater of authors, the petiole of the ab-
domen, however, is proportionally longer.
230 long's second expedition.
CRABRO Fabr. Latr.
1. C. TIBIALIS. — Black, polished ; thoracic line, scutel, knees,
and tibiae, yellow ; abdomen with piceous incisures.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
9 Head with a slightly impressed frontal line, extending to
the steniniata; antennae, basal joint yellow; hypostoma silvery,
brilliant ; thorax with a transverse, yellow line on the collar, not
extending to the postpectus ; scutel yellow ; wings hyaline ; ner-
vures fuscous, those of the disk pale at base ; metathorax slightly
carinated each side with a longitudinal, impressed line, which is
a little dilated beyond the middle, and a slight transverse line on
the middle; [341] pleura immaculate; tarsi slightly tinged
with testaceous ; posterior pair entirely black ; abdomen rather
long, blackish-piceous ; incisures edged behind with pale-piceous,
the second segment above margined behind with pale-piceous.
Length three-tenths of an inch.
A small species in the collection of Mr. William W. Wood.
2. C. scutellatus. — Black, polished ; thoracic line, scutel,
knees, and tibiae, yellow ; abdomen totally black.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Length 9 one-fifth of an inch.
This species closely resembles the preceding, but is smaller ;
the abdomen proportionally shorter, and entirely black ; the yel-
low line of the collar extends to a yellow spot at the commence-
ment of the pleura ; the transverse line of the metathorax is
much more profoundly indented, and a transverse punctured line
is far more obvious than in the preceding ; the intermediate and
posterior tibias have a black spot near the tip.
3. C. 6-MACULATUS. — Black ; tergum with three yellow spots
on each side.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
9 Antennae, basal joint yellow; mandibles at base yellow >
hypostoma silvery, brilliant; thorax with a yellow band on the
collar, interrupted in the middle ; two parallel, abbreviated, trans-
verse, ecpial, yellow lines behind ; wings dusky ; pleura with two,
equal, rounded, yellow spots, one of which is beneath the supe-
rior wing and the other before it ; thighs black, knees yellowish ;
tibiae yellow with a black or piceous spot on the inner side ; tarsi
long's SECOND EXPEDITION. 2ol
tinged with rufous ; tergum on the second, fourth and fifth seg-
ments with a transversely oval spot. [342]
Length three-tenths of an inch.
4. C. trifasciatus. — Black : scutel, two spots on the collar,
base of the antennae and lateral spots of the tergum, yellow.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body with numerous, short hairs; hypostoma silvery; first
joint of the antennas and middle of the mandibles, yellow; thorax
punctured ; collar with two yellow spots ; scutel yellow ; meta-
thorax with dilated, confluent punctures, and an impressed longi-
tudinal line; wings fuliginous, nervures brown; pectus with a
yellow spot before the wings ; feet yellow, thighs, and a line on
the inner side of the tibiae, black ; tarsi dusky at tip ; tergum
polished, impunctured ; a yellow band on the middle of the
second segment interrupted above : a short yellow line each side
of the third segment ; a yellow band on the fourth segment,
slightly interrupted above ; a yellow band on the fifth segment,
not interrupted but only slightly emarginate above ; venter im-
maculate.
Length two-fifths of an inch nearly.
PHILANTHUS Fabr. Latr.
1. P. punctatus. — Black ; head and thorax with yellow spots;
tergum with large punctures and four yellow bands.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
% Eyes very slightly emarginate ; a longitudinal line each side
of the hypostoma, a triangular spot on the middle of the anterior
margin, another on the front, a small rounded spot on the basal
joint of the antennae before, a small dot each side on the vertex,
and another behind each eye, yellowish-rufous; thorax uneven,
with large profound punctures : a line on the collar, another on
the scutel, before [343] which is a smaller one, and wing-scale,
yellow ; wings fuliginous ; pleura with a double yellow spot be-
neath the anterior wing : feet honey-yellow, thighs black at base,
tibiae bright yellow before ; tergum rough with large profound
punctures ; first segment rounded, immaculate ; second with a
broad, yellow, slightly arcuated line, touching the anterior edge
and curving towards the posterior angles ; third, fourth and fifth
segments, each with a narrow, dull yellow band on the posterior
margin ; venter immaculate.
232 long's second expedition.
Length less than two-fifths of an inch.
2. P. politus. [Ante, p. 113.]
[CERCERIS Latr.
C. deseeta. — Black ; hypostoma, feet, and bands of the ter-
gum, yellow. [344]
Inhabits North-west Territory, Missouri, and Pennsylvania.
% Hypostoma entirely yellow ; antennae yellow before, dark
brown behind ; collar with two transverse yellow spots ; scutel
with a transverse line, yellow ; wings hyaline, brownish on the
costal margin near the tip ; feet yellow ; anterior thighs black on
the posterior middle, intermediate thighs on the posterior base
and posterior thighs at tip, black; tergum, first joint rounded
with a spot each side ; second and third segments with each a
band on the posterior margins slightly and widely emarginate
before, remaining segments with each a narrower band on their
posterior margins, yellow j venter, three or four first segments
with each a lateral, triangular, yellow spot.
Length more than two-fifths of an inch.
Var. a. metathorax with a yellow, oblique line each side be-
hind; first joint of the tergum immaculate.
Var. /?• metathorax and first joint of the tergum immaculate;
bands of the tergum excepting the first, very narrow, linear ;
ventral spots obsolete ; feet with a larger proportion of the black
color.
Var. y. a small yellow spot each side before the tip of the
scutellar line.
EUMENES Latr.
1. E. fraterna. — Black ; hypostoma, anterior thoracic mar-
gin, scutellar line, posterior submargins of the segments of the
tergum, and two spots on the second segment, yellow.
Inhabits United States.
Body polished, punctured ; hypostoma emarginate, and with a
line between the antenna?, pale yellow ; antennae, [345] basal
joint with a whitish line before; thorax with the anterior mar-
gin somewhat contracted in the middle, yellow ; scutel yellow ;
wings fuliginous; thighs black, yellowish at the knee joint; tibiae
whitish, a black line near the tip ; tarsi pale yellowish, dusky
towards the tip; tergum, first segment with a subbidentate yel-
long's second expedition. 233
low band on the posterior margin ; second segment with a yellow
band on the posterior submargin somewhat sinuated before, and
an oval, oblique, yellow spot on the middle of each side; third and
fourth segments with each an abbreviated, whitish, submarginal line
behind ; venter with a spot at tip of the first segment, and a sub-
marginal band on the second behind.
Length from nine-twentieths to more than three-fifths of an
inch.
Var. a. Spot on the second segment of the tergum elliptical.
Yar. /?• A pale yellowish spot on each side of the scutel, and
nearly in a line with it.
This species is very closely allied to the coarctata Fabr. of
Europe, but the whole of the hypostoma is yellow, the line be-
tween the antennae being only a process from it ; there is no yel-
low point beneath the wings ; none on the first segment of the
tergum; and the bands on the thiid and fourth segments are
always much abbreviated, never extending to the sides or upon
the venter.
Like the coarctata, this species constructs for each of its eggs
a hollow globe of earth, with a short ascending neck, the rim of
which is sometimes widely outspread horizontally ; it is often
built around a twig of a bush for support, as represented by
Degeer, (Hist, abregee des Insectes, vol. 2, pi. 16, fig. e.) some-
times the nest occurs simply attached to the superior page of a
leaf. The egg deposited in this globe in June, is inclosed with
a sufficient supply of food, [346] consisting of the larvae of some
of the nocturnal Lepidoptera. Early in July or towards the
middle of that month, the perfect insect makes its way through
the side of its dwelling. The form of the first segment of the
abdomen of our species, is similar to that of Schaeffer's represen-
tation of his Vespa nona, (Icon. vol. 1, pi. 53, fig. 10,) which is
proportionally much smaller than in Degeer's figure of the coarc-
tata. This species is found as well in Pennsylvania as in the
North-west Territory snd Missouri.
2. E. verticalis. — Black ; hypostoma above, anterior tho-
racic margin, scutellar line, posterior submargins of the abdomi-
nal segments, and spot each side on the first and second segments,
yellow; metathorax with a vertical spot each side at tip.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
234 long's second expedition.
This species differs from tlie preceding in the following cha-
racters ; anterior portion of the hypostoma with a deeply trilobated
black spot ; superior wing-scale rufous ; a small yellowish spot
beneath the superior wing, and a yellowish line over the insertion
of the inferior wing ; a vertical, oblong, yellow spot each side
near the inferior tip of the metathorax; a small spot each side
on the first segment of the terguin, and the yellow margin is re-
flected backwards on the lateral edge for a short distance ; the
spot of the second segment is elongated, and the bands of the
third and fourth segments pass round the venter. Size about
equal to the preceding, and seems to be allied to the pomjjtfonnis
Fabr.
3. E. ANORMls. — Black; first abdominal segment very short
and dilated.
Inhabits St. Peter's river and Arkansa.
% Antennae with the scapus yellow before ; hypostoma attenu-
ated, truncate at tip, with large, longitudinal punctures, and at
base a transverse, yellow, arcuated line, a [ 347] small spot on
the front, another in each emargination of the eyes, and a trans-
verse one behind the eyes on each side, yellow ; thorax densely
punctured, a yellow spot on each side of the collar; wing-scale
yellow, with a pale-brown spot; wings fuliginous; scutel with a
transverse yellow line ; metathorax on each lateral margin with
an oblique yellow line ; pleura, a yellow spot under the superior
wing ; feet yellow; thighs, except at the knees, and spot on the an-
terior tibiae, black ; tergum, segments yellow on their posterior
margins, first and second segments with each a yellow, lateral
spot, the former segment short, dilated, not pedunculiform; ven-
ter immaculate.
Length more than seven-twentieths of an inch.
Excepting in the character drawn from the first segment of the
abdomen, this insect has a general similarity to the preceding
species, and the form of the anterior portion of the hypostoma
and the trophi, prove that this species is properly placed in this
genus.
PTEROCHILUS Klug.
P. 5-fasctatus. — Segments of the tergum yellow on their
posterior margins; first and second segments with a lateral, fer-
ruginous spot on each.
long's second expedition. 235
Inhabits North-west Territory and Missouri.
9 Head black ; dilated posterior orbits, and anterior orbits to
the eruargination of the eyes, ferruginous; hypostoma, scapus of
the antennae and mandibles, ferruginous ; tip of the former
acutely emarginate in the middle ; flagcllum black-brown ; labial
palpi testaceous, very long, ciliate with long hairs, three-jointed;
terminal joint much compressed, flat, obtuse at tip ; stethidium
black ; collar and wing-scale ferruginous ; scutel with two large
yellow [348] spots; mctathorax with a transverse, yellow line,
and at the base each side a large ferruginous spot; wings a little
fuliginous; pleura with a yellow spot beneath the superior wings ;
feet ferruginous ; terguin black, with five broad, bright yellow,
somewhat dentated bands, the posterior one abbreviated ; first
and second segments with each a large ferruginous spot on each
side ; venter black, ferruginous at base.
Length more than seven-tenths of an inch.
ODYNERUS Latr.
0. ANNULATUS. — Segments of the tergum yellow on their pos-
terior margins ; first and second segments with a lateral, ferru-
ginous spot on each.
Inhabits North-west Territory and Missouri.
% Head black ; hypostoma yellowish, truncate at tip, and with
a small denticle each side; a large triangular spot on the front,
front of the scapus of the anteunse, mandibles, and anterior or-
bits to the bottom of the eruargination of the eye, yellowish ;
posterior orbit above with a ferruginous spot ; antenna), terminal
joint very much compressed, ferruginous, and reflected outward
and backward on the two preceding joints; stethidium black;
collar and wing scale ferruginous ; scutel with two yellow spots ;
metathoi'ax with a transverse, yellow line, and at the base each
side a large ferruginous spot ; wings a little fuliginous ; pleura
with a yellow or ferruginous spot beneath the superior wings ;
feet ferruginous ; tergum black with six broad, bright yellow
bands ; first segment ferruginous excepting the posterior margin,
with a black spot in the middle ; second segment with a large
ferruginous spot each side, in which is a smaller yellow spot;
venter black, ferruginous [349] at base ; posterior segments with
yellow posterior margins.
Length more than half an inch.
236 long's second expedition.
2 First and second joints of the antennae ferruginous; tergum
with five yellow bands ; first and second segments ferruginous,
with yellow posterior margins, the latter segment with a large yel-
low spot each side, and more or less of black in the middle.
Size very little larger than the male.
The very striking similarity in markings between this species
and the Pterochilus b-fasciatus, led me at first to consider it the
male of that species, but having several specimens, on submitting
them to a more accurate inspection, I discovered that one of the
number is a female nearly corresponding in size with the others,
and agreeing with them in the form of the termination of the hy-
postoma and in the ventral bands, which specifically distinguish
this species from that just mentioned.
NOMIA Latr.
N. ? HETEROPODA. — Hairy, blackish-fuscous ; wings blackish at
tip; posterior tibia much dilated, triangular; terminal joint of
the antennae compressed, dilated.
Inhabits North-west .Territory, Arkansa, and Maryland.
% Body blackish-fuscous, with cinereous hair ; antennae hardly
as long as the thorax, terminal joint compressed and dilated on
tht inner side, subsecuriform ; mandibles unarmed ; wings slightly
tinged with dirty yellowish, with a broad, blackish, terminal bor-
der, nervures reddish-brown ; intermediate feet with the thighs
very much dilated, compressed, triangular, first joint of the tarsus
dilated, and compressed before ; posterior feet with the thighs
[350] dilated, particularly towards the tip; tibia remarkably dilated,
forming a rectangular triangle, much compressed, excepting at
the inner tip, and undulated on the inner side, first joint of the
tarsus elongated, much longer than the tibia, not dilated, densely
ciliated on the inner side with equal, fulvous hair ; venter sparse-
ly hairy ; fourth segment divided by a longitudinal suture in the
middle, at the posterior angles prominent, acute ; fifth segment
short, longitudinally carinated in the middle, and with a promi-
nent tubercle each side behind ; sixth segment longitudinally
divided in the middle by a suture.
Length seven-tenths of an inch.
This singular insect does not perfectly correspond in character
with the genus under which I have placed it, and it disagrees
still more with the neighboring genera as defined in the books.
long's second expedition. 237
PANURGUS Panz.
P. 8-maculatus — Black j tergum with four, transverse, yel-
low spots on each side.
Inhabits United States.
% Hypostoma, labrum, mandibles at base, inferior part of the
anterior orbits, yellow ; antennae brown, yellowish beneath and
bright yellow on the anterior side of the basal joint; thorax
slightly tinged with brassy, a small yellow point each side on the
collar ; pleura with a yellow spot before the wings ; wings slight-
ly dusky, pale at base, nervures fuscous ; feet yellow, middle of
the thighs and posterior middle of the tibiae blackisb ; posterior
feet blackish-brown, knees and base of the thighs yellow ; tergum
dark brown, four first segments each with a transverse, yellow
spot. [351]
Length more than one-fifth of an inch.
9 Hypostoma with three, longitudinal, yellow spots, of which
the intermediate one is longest ; orbits on the anterior inferior
portion with a triangular yellow spot; antennoe, basal joint entire-
ly black : spots of the tergum less elongated than those of the male '
and the feet have more of the black color.
Length rather over one-fourth of an inch.
MEGACHILE Latr.
1. M. interrupta. — Thorax surrounded by ferruginous ; ter-
gum five banded.
Inhabits Missouri.
% Body punctured, above glabrous ; head black ; antennae first
joint at base and third and fourth joints dull rufous; hypostoma,
broad frontal orbits, and mandibles at base, yellow ; vertex with
a ferruginous band, interrupted in the middle and extending
down the cheeks ; labrum rufous, a small black spot at base ;
thorax black, surrounded by a ferruginous margin, which is in-
terrupted before, and passes upon the posterior margin of the
scutel ; wings fuliginous ; pleura with cinereous hair beneath the
wings ; feet rufous, tarsi with yellow hair ; tergum convex, black,
with dilated, obscure, rufous, scarcely definite bands, five in
number, on each of which, excepting the basal one, is another
yellow band emarginate each side behind, and the three posterior
ones are interrupted in the middle; anus trilobated; lobes yel-
238 long's second expedition.
low, intermediate one small ; posterior coxae each with a robust
yellow spine ; venter with transverse bands of long, dense, yel-
low hair.
Length nearly two-fifths of an inch.
9 The black color of the front extends down upon the [352]
middle of the hypostoma nearly to its tip; the rufous color on
the basal joints of the antennae is obsolete; labrum black on the
disk ; mandibles black, excepting a small, rufous spot at base ;
the three last bands of the tergum are destitute of any rufous
color about them ; venter densely covered with hair : mandibles,
as in the male, three-toothed ; posterior coxae unarmed.
Length about the same as the male, but more robust.
2. M. emarginata. — Black; a band on each abdominal seg-
ment, slightly interrupted in the middle, and emarginated each
side before.
Inhabits Missouri.
9 Body punctured, above glabrous; head with a small yellow
dot each side of the vertex; mandibles five-toothed; thorax with
a small, whitish spot before the wings ; wing-scale whitish, with
a brown spot; a whitish spot on the posterior angles, forming a
curve with two whitish spots on the scutel ; wings hyaline, ner-
vures fuscous ; feet black, a dilated whitish line on the exterior
side of the tibia, tarsi with dull yellowish hair ; tergum convex, a
whitish band on each segment, very slightly interrupted in the
middle, and, excepting the first one, deeply emarginated each
side before, the terminal segment with two rounded spots instead
of a band.
Length less than seven-twentieths of an inch.
3. M. jtjgatoria. — Black ; a band on each abdominal seg-
ment, interrupted in the middle and entire each side.
Inhabits Missouri.
9 Body punctured, above nearly glabrous ; head with a yel-
low line on the superior part of the cheeks ; hypostoma with a
dilated, } r ellow line, which extends upon the anterior orbits
nearly to their summit ; thorax with a widely interrupted line
before, extending round above the wings, [353] and two oblique
lines upon the scutel, yellow ; wings fuliginous ; feet blackish,
with dull rufous joints, and tarsal hair; anterior feet before dull
rufous ; tergum, bands yellow, not at all emarginated each side,
long's second expedition. 239
the basal band widely interrupted, second band less widely inter-
ruptedj the penultimate one hardly interrupted, the ultimate one
entire.
Length about seven-twentieths of an inch.
That these three species are congeneric is evident, but they do
not correspond in all respects with the genus Megachile as de-
fined by entomologists. The trophi agree very well, and the
form of the nails of the feet in the two sexes are also similar, but
the tergum is convex, as in Oamia, and the abdomen curves very
much downwards towards the tip, as in Stclis, from which latter
genus they differ by having a hairy venter.
CAELIOXYS Latr.
C. 8-dentata. — Black; abdomen with five white bands, tip
eight-toothed.
Inhabits United States.
% Front and hypostoma with dense, long, dull yellowish hair ;
thorax with a dentated band before, interrupted in the middle, a
spot at the base of the wings and a transverse line at base of the
scutel, white ; wings a little dusky on the apical margin ; feet
rufous ; tergum with five white bands, of which the two or three
terminal ones are double ; segments each with a transverse in-
dented line ; tip with eight teeth, of which two are on each side,
and four at the extremity placed two above and two beneath ;
venter with a white line on the posterior margin of each segment,
the basal and terminal ones obsolete. [354]
Length two-fifths of an inch.
Yar. a . Spots and lines of the thorax obsolete ; feet excepting
the tarsi, black.
This is an inhabitant of various parts of the United States,
from the North-west Territory to Arkansa, and is common in
Pennsylvania.
NOMAD A Fabr.
N. eisignata. — Terminal half of the wings with a dusky
margin ; abdomen rufous, with a bright yellow spot each side of
the middle.
Inhabits United States.
9 Head ferruginous, front with a large, black spot, confluent
240 long's second expedition.
with another transverse one on the vertex ; occiput and throat
black ; antennas blackish, beneath rufous ; stethidiuni black,
varied with ferruginous, and like the head rough with dense
punctures ; thorax ferruginous, with a longitudinal black line ;
scutel ferruginous ; feet rufous ; thighs black at base ; wings
dusky, particularly on the margin of the terminal half; tergum
rufous, the segments on their posterior margins, and the basal
segment at base also black ; second segment with a large, lateral,
yellow spot, and a slight appearance of another on each side of
the third segment.
Length rather more than three-tenths of an inch.
This species varies in having the thorax black, with four fer-
ruginous lines.
EPEOLUS Latr.
1. E. lunatus. — Tergum with two opposite lunules on the
first segment, and three bands on the other segments. [355]
Inhabits Missouri and Prairie du Chien.
9 Body black ; front with a whitish spot surrounding the
base of each antennas ; antennae black-brown, three basal joints
and labrum ferruginous ; thorax with two abbreviated, whitish,
. longitudinal lines before the middle, a pale yellowish line on the
collar, another over the wings, passing round behind above the
scutel, a double line beneath the scutel, and an oblique sagittate
spot each side on the metathorax, also pale yellowish ; wings a
little fuliginous ; feet rufous ; thighs blackish in the middle ;
tergum velvet-black ; first segment with an angulated lunule on
each side, and a subterminal band on each side of the three fol-
lowing segments, of which the first is very slightly interrupted ;
terminal segment with a slight, oblique, cinereous spot on each
side.
% Anterior half of the thorax with much of the pale yellow-
ish color ; bands of the tergum larger than those of the female
and one more in number, feet nearly all blackish.
Length half an inch.
Smaller than E. i-fasciatus nobis, but much larger than E.
mercatus Fabr.
2. E. scutellaris. — Thorax surrounded by ferruginous ; pos-
terior spines dilated.
long's second expedition. 241
Inhabits Middle States.
9 Body deep black, densely punctured ; front with a white
spot surrounding tbe base of each antennae ; antennae black-brown,
three basal joints and mandibles rufous; thorax with the collar,
obsolete line over the wings, dilated posterior teeth and scutel,
ferruginous ; wings dusky on the terminal margin ; feet rufous ;
tergum black-brown ; two distant bands on the first segment, of
which the first is obsolete, and the other is interrupted in the
middle, second [356] and third segments each with a band on
their posterior margins, pale yellow ; remaining bands indistinct.
Length from three-tenths to nearly seven-twentieths of an
inch.
Much smaller than the preceding, and about equal in size to
E. mercatus Fabr., from which it differs by various characters,
and particularly by the much more dilated form of the posterior
thoracic teeth. During rainy or windy weather, this insect
secures itself to the edge of a leaf or to the small branch of a
bush, by its mandibles, retracts the feet to the body, and projects
the antennae forwards.
ORDER DIPTERA.
ANOPHELES Meig. Wied.
A. 4-mactjlatus. — Pale brownish ; wings with four fuscous
spots.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Thorax dull cinereous ; two oblique, brown lines confluent be-
hind and reaching the posterior edge ; a broad, lateral, brown
line also extending the whole length of the thorax; wings hyaline,
the nervures hairy, forming two blackish spots near the middle,
placed longitudinally ; and two others nearer the tip on the bi-
furcations of the nervures, placed transversely ; scutel dull
ochreous, dusky in the middle ; feet black-brown, incisures at
tip of the thighs and of the tibiae, yellowish ; tergum whitish, a
little varied with dusky.
Length ? to the tip of the wings more than three-tenths of an
inch. ^ [357]
Closely allied to the maculipcnnis Hgg. I have not seen the
male. Wiedemann informs me that my Culex punctipennis is a
true Anopheles, an observation which I have found to be correct. .
16
212 long's second expedition.
I described that insect in the year 1819, before any account of
that new genus had reached this country, otherwise I certainly
should have adopted it.
LASIOPTERA Meigen.
L. ventralis. — Body blackish-brown; antennas 18-jointed,
hairy, joints subglobular, rather transverse, and placed close to
each other, basal joint whitish ; thorax and terguni immaculate-;
feet whitish, exterior side of the tibiae blackish ; tarsi blackish,
first joint very short; venter whitish in the middle; wings with
a narrow, blackish, costal margin, which is gradually narrowed
to the tip.
? Length rather more than one-twentieth of an inch.
I caught this species in the garden of the University of Penn-
sylvania.
CBCIDOMYIA Latr.
C. ornata. — Carneous ; wings spotted.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Body varies in color from a very pale flesh color to a deep red ;
antennae and feet whitish ; wings with five or six dusky spots oc-
casioned by the greater density of the hair of the surface in those
parts.
Length to the tip of the wings nearly one-tenth of an inch.
This is most probably the prettiest species of the genus ; [358]
it occurred on a window in Philadelphia on the 13th of Septem-
ber.
PSYCHODA Latr.
P. alternata. — Wings acute at tip, with a small black spot .
at the tips of the nervures.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Body pale yellowish-white ; abdomen dusky ; wings ovate-
lanceolate, acute at tip, cinereous with an obsolete pale band on
the middle and base ; the alternate nervures of the posterior
margin at their tips and the tips of the nervures of the anterior
margin with a black spot; spots of the posterior margin more
distinct.
Length to the tip of the wings more than one-tenth of an inch.
long's second expedition. 243
A very common little insect, even in Philadelphia. It may
be readily distinguished from other species by its more acute
wings, as well as by the arrangement of the spots and bands,
however obsolete, which exist on these organs.
LIMNOBIA Meig.
L. argus. — Yellowish-white ; head black ; wings ocellate and
marbled with blackish.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Antennae moniliform ; thorax pale yellow-piccous, whitish near
the neck ; wings hyaline, with a double series of large, pupilatc
ocellae, those near the tip confused ; ultimate nervure furcate ;
poisers fuscous, at tip white ; coxae whitish ; thighs annulate
with black near the tip.
Length % 9 more than three-tenths of an inch. [359]
To this species the name of occllata would perhaps be more
appropriate than it is to the Linnaaan species of that name, inas-
much as in the latter the ocellae are epupilate. It is a very
pretty insect, and exhibits much singularity in the arrangement
of the nervures of its wings, the penultimate and ultimate ner-
vures being connected by a transverse nervure which arises from
the tip of the latter. In other respects the distribution of the
nervures are similar to that of the hifasciata Fabr. Wied.
[This is identical with the European L. anmdata Linn.
(L. imperialis Loew ; conf. Linn. Ent. 5, tab. 2, fig. 15).- —
Sacken.]
TIPULA Linn. Meig.
T. maculatipennis. — Cinereous ; thighs black at tip, wing?
dusky with white spots.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Antennse yellowish, incisures of the joints dusky; palpi black-
ish ; thorax with two brown, dorsal lines, which are confluent on
the anterior margin, attenuated behind, and abbreviated behind
the middle ; a lateral line slightly interrupted in its middle, and
hardly reaching the anterior or posterior margins ; scute! dull
honey -yellow, with a black line; wings dusky, with a black
carpal spot margined with white, three or four white spots along
the central nervure, and about as many near the termination of
the ultimate nervure; poisers white, dusky at tip; abdomen
244 long's second expedition.
blackish ; incisures edged with whitish ; thighs with a very ob-
vious blackish tip.
Length to tip of the wing ? seven-tenths of an inch.
PTYCHOPTERA Meig.
P. 4-fasciata. — Wings hyaline, with four brown bands.
Inhabits Pennsylvania. [365]
Head and thorax blackish-brown ; antennae, palpi, mouth, and
hypostoma, except near the base of the antennae, whitish ; wings
with four brown, subequidistant bands, of which the third
reaches the inner margin and the others are abbreviated ; pleura,
pectus, and feet, yellowish white; the incisures of the latter
dusky.
Length to the tip of the wings nearly half an inch.
This species is infested by a parasite of the genus Ocypete.
It occurred in June.
TRICHOCERA Meig.
T. SCUTELLATA. — Dark fuscous ; scutel whitish.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Palpi blackish; thorax slightly tinged with livid; anterior
angles and neck segments dull yellowish-piceous ; scutel dull
whitish ; wings immaculate, whitish at base ; poisers white, with
a fuscous capitulum ; coxae, and thighs at base, dull yellowish.
Z 9 Length of the body three-twentieths of an inch.
Taken in September at the Falls of Kakabikka, beyond Lake
Superior. The posterior margin only of the scutel is dull yel-
lowish-white in the male. This species seems to be closely allied
to T. parva Meig.
PLATYURA Meig.
Ceroplattjs Bosc, Fabr.
P. fascipennis. — Thorax yellowish; wings with a blackish
subterminal band.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Head yellowish ; disk of the vertex black ; thorax immacu-
late ; wings hyaline, with a blackish band near the [ 361 ] tip,
hardly reaching the inner edge, and margined with an obsoletely
whiter color than the other parts of the wing ; poisers color of
the thorax ; coxae and thighs whitish ; tergum blackish-testace-
long's second expedition. 245
ous ; venter blackish, segments dull yellowish on their posterior
and lateral margins ; abdomen slender at base, gradually diluting
behind.
9 Length rather more than one-fifth of an inch.
The wing nervures are arranged as in P. baumhaueri Meig.
It is probably closely allied to the earbonaaria of Bosc, which,
however, is described to be altogether of the same form as the
tlpuluiJes Bosc, to have a black thorax and obscure feet; whereas
ours is a much more slender insect than the tipuloides as repre-
sented by Coquebert.
SCIOPHILA Hgg.
1. S. PALLIFES. — Brownish-black, with gray short hairs ; an-
tennae and feet whitish.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Antennae (at least the two basal joints) yellowish-white ; tho-
rax with numerous scattered, short, gray hairs, which are fewer
in number and more prominent behind; wings dusky; poisers
elongated, yellow- white, at base dusky; feet yellow-white; abdo-
men with numerous prostrate, short, gray hairs.
% Length to tip of the wings nearly one-fifth of an inch.
The nervures of the wings correspond with those of S. hirta
H gg-
2. S. littoralis. — Pale yellowish ; thorax trilineate ; abdo-
men fasciate with fuscous ; feet dusky at tip.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Vertex and a line extending down between the antennas upon
the hypostoma, blackish ; antennas dusky, two basal [362] joints
yellowish ; thorax with a double, brown, middle line, attenuated
and abbreviated behind, and a brown approximate line on each
side abbreviated before ; a small fascicle of hairs beneath each
wing, and a dusky spot over the insertion of each foot; wings
immaculate ; poisers yellowish-white ; abdomen slender at base,
gradually dilating towards the tip, dull-yellowish, hairy; inci-
sures and tip dusky ; feet dull-yellowish, towards their tips
dusky.
Length of the body three-twentieths of an inch.
I obtained this species on the rocky coast of Lake Superior, in
a thicket of small bushes. The nervures of the wings corres-
246 long's second expedition.
pond with those of Asindidum punetatum Latr., excepting that
the second nervure is not at all connected with the first nervure,
but curves downward at tip and enters the intermediate cellule
before the middle, and the ultimate and penultimate abbreviated
nervures are distinct ; it is a much smaller species than the fasciata
nob., the nervures of which agree better with the preceding spe-
cies, but its connecting nervure from the second nervure enters
the intermediate cellule at the middle.
3. S. hirticollis. — Yellowish-white; thorax hairy; tergum
black, with pale yellowish bands.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Head black ; hypostoma, mouth and trophi whitish ; antennas
black-brown, the four basal joints yellow, with a dark brown spot-
above on the third and fourth ; thorax with rather numerous,
somewhat long, black hairs ; three dilated, brownish-livid lines,
the intermediate one abbreviated and attenuated behind, and the
lateral ones attenuated before ; wings a little dusky, the inter-
mediate cellule appearing to the eye like a small, black spot ;
poisers whitish ; pleura with a brownish-livid spot over the in-
termediate and posterior feet; feet dusky towards the tip, the
coxse [363] with strong, black hairs on the exterior side and tip ;
tergum black, with black, rather long hairs ; segments with broad,
yellowish hind margins ; tip black.
Length of the body three-twentieths of an inch.
The wing nervures resemble those of S. littoralis nob., but the
abbreviated nervures are very strongly marked; the second ner-
vure is connected with the first, and by a transverse nervure with
the intermediate cellule opposite to the middle ; the cellule is
also connected with the central, furcate nervure, by a nervure as
perfectly transverse as that of S. vitripeyinis Meig.
4. S. bifasctata. — Dark yellowish ; wings bifasciate.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Head black ; antennae fuscous ; hypostoma yellow, near the
antennas blackish ; palpi whitish at base, dusky towards the tip ;
thorax honey -y ellow ; two oblique, black lines confluent behind,
and not reaching the posterior margin ; a black line above each
wing, joining on the posterior margin and meeting the oblique
lines at the anterior angles ; wings hyaline with two blackish
long's second expedition. 247
bands more obvious at the costal margin, one of which is near
the middle, widely inteiTupted on the disk, and the other near
the tip ; metathorax black ; feet white-yellow at base, dusky
towards the tip.
Length to tip of the wings nearly two-fifths of an inch.
A large and handsome species. The wing nervures agree with
those of Arindulum jwmctatum Latr., excepting that the second
nervure is continued a short distance beyond its transverse ner-
vure, which latter enters the intermediate cellule at the basal
angle.
5. S. obliqua. — Pale yellowish; thorax four lined; tergum
t'asciate.
Inhabits North-west Territory. [364]
Head black; hypostoma and base of the antennae yellow;
thorax with two oblique, fuscous lines confluent at the mid-
dle of the base; and a dilated fuscous line each side, much ab-
breviated before and hardly reaching the basal edge; wings
slightly tinged with dusky, immaculate ; poisers white ; feet
white, dusky towards the tip ; tergum, segments with blackish
posterior margins ; last segments entirely blackish ; anal segment
yellow.
Length % nearly one-fifth of an inch.
The wing nervures are arranged altogether like those of Asin-
dulum punctatum Latr. Closely allied to S.fasciata nobis, but
may be distinguished by the narrow, oblique lines of the thoracic-
disk.
LEIA Meig.
L. ventralis. — Deep black, polished ; wings fasciate near the
tip, feet yellowish.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Head a little hairy ; palpi and three basal joints of the an-
tennas yellowish; remaining joints of the latter fuscous ; thorax
with sparse hairs ; a whitish humeral spot ; wings hyaline with
a dusky band near the tip, which does not reach the thinner
margin, and a dusky tinge or line between the ultimate and
penultimate nervures ; poisers with a fuscous capitulum and
yellowish stipes ; feet yellowish-white ; tarsi dusky; tergum hairy;
venter pale yellowish.
248 long's second expedition.
$ Length of the body nearly three-twentieths of an inch, to
tip of the wings more than one-fifth of an inch.
This species is closely allied to the bimaculata Meig., with
which it also corresponds in the position of the stenimata and the
arrangement of the wing nervures, even to the dislocation of the
superior branch of the inferior furcate nervure. [365]
MYCETOPHILA Meig.
1. M. sericea. — Head and thorax sericeous; the latter dusky,
margined with yellowish.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Head blackish, with a yellowish sericeous gloss ; antennae
fuscous, two basal joints and palpi yellowish ; thorax sericeous,
blackish on the disk, dull yellowish each side and on the anterior
edge ; wings immaculate, nervures fuscous ; poisers and feet yel-
lowish-white ; tarsi and spines fuscous, the latter half the length
of the first tarsal joint; coxae yellowish-white, with a few short,
black, rigid hairs on the exterior sides and tip, particularly the
anterior pair ; abdomen compressed, dusky above ; sides dull yel-
lowish on the tips of the segments.
% 9 Length to tip of the abdomen one-fifth of an inch.
The wing nervures are arranged as in M. faaciata Meig., ex-
cepting that there are three abbreviated nervures, as in M. late-
ralis of the same author.
2. M. mactjlipennis. — Yellowish ; thorax trilineate ; wings
three-spotted.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body pale yellowish ; vertex dusky ; thorax with a double
fuscous line attenuated and abbreviated behind, but near the
middle j and a larger line on each side abbreviated before, con-
fluent behind, extending upon the scutel ; a spot of the same
color above the insertion of the wings ; pleura with about two
dusky spots, one over the insertion of each of the posterior feet ;
wings with three blackish spots on the costal margin, of which
one is on the middle ; the second much beyond the middle, obso-
letely extended into an undulated band ; the third is near the tip ;
feet [366] dusky at tip and on the posterior thighs near the
knees ; tergum with blackish bands.
Length of the body nearly one-fifth of an inch.
long's second expedition. 249
A very pretty species ; the wing nervures are like those of
M.faaeiata Meig. The antennae in my specimen are deficient.
Found on the coast of Lake Superior in a thick growth of bushes.
SCIARA Meig.
Molobrus Latr.
1. S. atrata. — Entirely deep black, polished, immaculate ;
wings dusky, iridescent ; nervures dark fuscous ; poisers black ;
thorax in a particular light somewhat pruinose; abdomen opaque,
with short black hairs ; spines of the tibia rather longer than the
transverse diameter of the tibia.
Inhabits North-west territory.
% Length to tip of wings less than one-fifth of an inch.
The nervures of the wings agree with those of S. thomse, Fabr.
This seems to be very closely allied to S. nigra Wied., an in-
habitant of South Carolina, but the thorax in a particular light
exhibits a grayish reflection, a character which Wiedemann attri-
butes to the antennae only in his species. The antennae are de-
ficient in my specimen.
2. S. polita. — Deep black, polished ; poisers whitish ; feet
yellowish at base.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body with numerous short hairs which are slightly sericeous;
eyes without interval above the antennae ; wings dusky, pale yel-
lowish at base ; poisers whitish ; feet dusky towards the tip ;
coxae and thighs yellowish-white.
9 Length of the body less than three-twentieths of an inch.
The abdomen and thorax are both highly polished. [367 ]
3. S. fraterna. — Deep black, polished ; abdomen black-brown,
opaque ', base of the poisers, and feet pale yellowish.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Antennae dark fuscous, with dense grayish hair ; eyes in con-
tact above the antennae ; thorax polished ; wings dusky, pale yel-
lowish at base ; poisers with a yellowish scapus and fuscous capit-
uluni ; feet dusky towards the tip ; abdomen fuscous, opake.
9 Length of the body one-tenth of an inch, % smaller.
4. S. exigua. — Black ; thorax piceous at the anterior angles ;
poisers whitish at base ; feet whitish, dusky at tip.
250 long's second expedition.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
' Antennas fuscous, with dark gray hairs ; wings a little dusky
nervures fuscous ; poisers elongated, whitish, capitulum fuscous ;
abdomen fuscous, opaque.
* Length of the body one-twentieth of an inch.
V A little larger, with the base of the feet and of the poisers of
u darker shade than those of the male.
SCATOPSE.
S. atrata. — Deep velvet black; tarsi pale; tip of the an-
tennas abruptly compressed.
Inhabits Pennsplvania.
Body hardly polished and nearly opaque, immaculate ; poisers
color of the body ; wings hyaline ; marginal nervures but little
more than half the length of the wing, fuscous ; furcate nervure
attaining the tip ; below the furcate nervure are two parallel ner-
vures which do not reach the margin ; beneath the latter is the
ordinary undulated nervure.
I obtained several specimens which were crawling on the glass
of a window, in September, in Philadelphia. The [ 368 ] ner-
vures of the wings differ somewhat from those of the S. notata,
Linn. Meig. ; the marginal nervures do not approach so near the
tip of the wing, and instead of a single nervure between the forked
nervure and the undulated nervure, as in the notata, this species
has two.
BIBIO Latr. Meig.
B. thoracica. — Black ; thighs rufous.
Inhabits East Florida.
Body black, somewhat polished ; thorax bright yellowish-ru-
fous, with a small black spot on each side of the scutel ; collar,
scutel, and metathorax black ; spines of the anterior tibiae pice-
ous, the exterior one much larger ; wings fuscous ; the fourth
marginal nervure abbreviated, and not attaining to the inner mar-
gin.
Length 2 two-fifths of an inch.
This is a very large and fine species. On the thorax is some-
times an obsolete brown line.
long's second expedition. 251
BEIIIS Latr.
B. viridis. — Bright green ; terguin black-brown ; venter pale ;
ieet yellowish.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Head brassy-green polished ; antennae obscure yellowish,
brownish at tip j proboscis and palpi whitish; stethidium green,
polished j scutel with four yellowish spines ; wings hyaline ; stig-
mata large, fuscous ; nervures fuscous, those of the costal margin
anterior to the stigmata whitish; central areola destitute of an
abbreviated nervure, two nervures passing off from the tip, and a
third from very near its base ; poisers white; feet pale yellowish,
tarsi dusky at [369] tip, posterior tibiae fuscous at tip ; tergum
black-brown, incisures and lateral edge yellowish; venter pale yel-
lowish, dusky at base.
Length to the tip of the wings one-fourth of an inch.
This species seems to be allied to the tibialis of Europe, but
the posterior tibia are not very obviously clavated, the central
cellule of the wings is destitute of the small abbreviated nervure,
and the inferior of the three nervures which .radiate from this
cellule issues out very nearly from its base, and not from the
inferior middle as in that species.
ODONTOMYIA Meig. Latr.
0. VERTEBRATA. — Black ; abdomen white, with dorsal black
dpots.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Mouth deep black, pale within; hypostoma with an elevated
testaceous knob ; antennae deep black, terminal joint beneath
dusky testaceous ; thorax blackish, with hardly perceptible hairs ;
scutel dull testaceous, black at base ; tip a little hairy ; spines
horizontal, white ; wings white ; poisers white, with a whitish-
glaucous capitulum : feet yellowish-white ; abdomen subquadrate,
much depressed, white ; tergum with a series of large black spots
almost connected together.
Length £ rather more than three-tenths of an inch.
COENOMYIA Latr. Meig.
C. pallida. [Ante p. 42.]
252 long's second expedition.
THEREVA Latr. [370]
T. frontalis. — Black; thorax with two yellow vittae ; ter-
gurn annulate with yellow.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Head beneath with white hair ; antennae, proboscis, and palpi
black ; front and vertex dusky yellowish, with a large, deep black,
glabrous, polished, transverse, undulated spot ; thorax black, with
two yellow lines, or yellow with three black lines ; wings hyaline,
tinged with dull yellowish ; nervures fuscous, slightly margined,
and with a carpal spot ; scutel yellowish, with a dusky basal spot ;
tergum glabrous, polished, the posterior margins of the segments
bright yellow, wider upon the sides ; pleura and pectus glaucous,
the latter hairy; poisers whitish; with a blackish capitulum; feet
black ; tibia excepting at tip dull testaceous ; venter cinereous,
changeable, second and third segments with yellowish posterior
margins.
Length more than half an inch. [ 371 ]
ANTHRAX Latr.
1. A. ALCYON. — Wings brown, a hyaline spot near the middle,
another at tip in which are two curved brown lines.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body black, with pale fulvous hair ; head yellowish-white,
hairs above the antennae black ; tip of the hypostoma prominent,
and with black rigid hairs ; antennae black, basal joint yellowish
with black hairs ; vertex black ; occiput with a very profoundly
impressed line above ; scutel piceous ; wings dusky, pale brown
on the disk, an obsolete, small, subhyaline spot between the mid-
dle and the base ; a large, subtriangular, hyaline spot near the
middle, a small portion of which is cut off by a nervure ; tip with
a large, subquadrate-oval, hyaline spot, the two arcuated ner-
vures that pass across this spot are margined with blackish ; cen-
tral cellule widely bilobated at tip, lobes equally approaching the
inner margin, a nervure passes from between the lobes to the
edge of the wing, an abbreviated nervure passes from the lobe
nearest the base, half way to the inner margin, and another ner-
vure connects this lobe with the third nervure so as to form an
additional cellule; feet yellowish; tarsi black; venter pale, two
long's second expedition. 253
last segments black on the disk ; tergum with blackish hair on
the incisures.
Length nearly eleven-twentieths of an inch.
This species seems to approach nearest to Wiedemann's fifth
tribe, though the additional cellule will justify its being placed
apart ; we observed it frequently on St. Peter's river and on
Red river.
2. A. tegminipennis. — Black with pale fulvous hair ; wings
brownish-black, immaculate. [372]
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Head yellowish-white below the antennae ; hypostoma promi-
nent, with a few rigid black hairs' at tip ; antennae black, basal
joint whitish, with black hair ; front dull fulvous; vertex black;
wings entirely brownish-black, without spot; feet pale rufous;
tarsi black ; tergum with black hairs at the incisures, which on
the side alternate with the fulvous ones, but more distinctly so
near the tip.
Length from nine-twentieths to half an inch.
This species belongs to Wiedemann's fifth tribe.
8. A. fulvianus. — Black, covered equally with pale yellow-
ish hair ; wings hyaline, with a narrow, brown, costal margin.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Head with dull yellowish, short hairs, intermixed with black
ones on the front and hypostoma ; thorax densely hairy ; wings
hyaline, interval between the two nervures of the costal margin,
and base to the first transverse nervure, light brown ; feet black,
sericeous, with yellowish-fulvous hair, intermixed with black
hairs ; tergum covered with dense hair, without any intermixture
of black hairs, and without any fasciated appearance ; venter
each side behind with hairs of a brighter fulvous tint than the
others.
Length more than nine-twentieths of an inch.
Allied to A. hottentota Fabr.
Belongs to the fifth tribe in Wiedemann's arrangement. It is
common on St. Peter's river, at Pembina, &c. It is closely
allied to alternata nob. in the characters of the wing, but there is
no sign of fascia on the tergum, nor of alternating black fascicles
of hair on the sides. The color of the hair on the last segments
254 long's second expedition.
of the venter is sometimes ferruginous, but it is always of a
deeper tint than that of [ 373 ] other parts of the body. It
seems to vary in size, I have a specimen less than one-fourth
smaller.
4. A. fascipennis. — Black, slightly hairy ; wings varied with
blackish and hyaline.
Inhabits Red river of Winnepeek.
Body deep black, hairs sparse, very short, ferruginous ; head
with black short hairs above, and between, the antennae ; sides
of the mouth whitish ; hypostoma with dull, yellowish-ferruginous
hairs ; posterior orbits with silvery hair ; thorax with long hairs
before the wings ; scutel margined with piceous ; wings with a
wide, blackish-brown costal margin from which proceed two
oblique bands ; the basal one is dilated and attains the thinner
margin, on which it extends from the middle of the basal curve
of the wing to the extremity of the first and second nervures ;
the second band is irregularly arcuated and is abbreviated near
the thinner margin where it terminates in the form of a hook :
on the costal margin near the tip is an oblique spot connected
with the costal colored margin ; poisers fuscous ; capituluni
white at tip ; tergum with the second and third segments obso-
letely piceous each side ; venter whitish at base ; feet dusky ;
tibia pale.
Length one-fourth of an inch.
This species coincides with the third tribe in Weidemann's ar-
rangement of this genus. It is small, and the wings are prettily
variegated. The specimen I obtained is remarkably destitute of
hair.
5. A. costata. — Black; wings hyaline, with a black costal
margin, and small anastomosis in the middle.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body deep black, with very short, sparse, sericeous hairs ;
thorax with the lateral hairs longer and pale yellowish-rufous ;
wings hyaline, with a blackish costal margin bounded [374] by
the fourth nervure as far as the middle, where it is abruptly con-
tracted so as to be included by the first apical nervure for a
short distance, when it is gradually contracted so as to be in-
cluded by the two costal nervures ; anastomosis near the centre
long's second expedition. 255
of the wing, blackish; feet black; poisers fuscous, capitul
whitish.
Length more than three-tenths of an inch.
The disposition of the wing nervures of this species corres-
ponds with that of the fifth tribe in Wiedemann's arrangement.
LAPHRIA.
1. L. posticata. — Black; thorax and before the tip of th<
tergum covered with yellow hair.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Antennae, hair of the vertex and of each side of the antennae,
black ; long hair beneath the antenna? yellowish ; hair of the
cheeks long, white ; thorax covered with yellow hair, immacu-
late ; pleura and pectus black, the latter with long whitish hair
between the feet ; poisers yellowish-white ; wings dusky ; tergum
blued-black, polished, with black hairs each side ; two last seg-
ments and posterior margin of the preceding segment covered
with yellow hair ; venter polished, immaculate.
Length three-fifths of an inch.
2. L. flavicollis. — Black; wings dusky; hair of the head
and thorax yellow.
Inhabits North-west Territory-
Head with long yellow hairs, and a few black ones over the
mouth; proboscis, antennae, and palpi black, the latter with
hairs ; thorax thickly clothed with yellow hair, immaculate :
wings dusky; nervures fuscous; poisers [375] dark reddish-
brown ; feet with black hair ; a few pale hairs on the basal half
of the thighs, and many about the origin of the feet ; tergum
black, with a slight shade of blue, polished, and with black
hairs.
Length more than half an inch.
This species resembles the thoracica Fabr., but may be dis-
tinguished by the color of the hair of the head ; it is also a
smaller insect, with a more slender form.
ASILUS.
A. abdominalif. — Black; hypostoma silvery; tergum fulvous
in the middle.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
256 long's second expedition.
Head rather small; antennae elongated, second joint very
small ; hypostonia bright silvery j mystax sparse, rigid, black ;
thorax with minute black hairs, and a few longer ones on the
margin ; wings broad, black ; tergum, segments, excepting the
basal one and two terminal ones, reddish fulvous.
Length more than three-fifths of an inch.
The styles of the antennae being lost in the specimen, I am
not certain that this species is correctly arranged when placed in
this genus. It will not agree with Dioctria, as the antennae are
perfectly sessile, nor with Dasypogon, as the basal joint of the
antennae is nearly four times the length of the second joint. The
rectilinear posterior tibiae will not authorize its reference to La-
phria. The appearance of the pectus and the adaptation of the
feet are precisely as in Asilus. In the arrangement of the wing
nervures it agrees with Wiedemann's first tribe.
[Wiedemann has changed the name to Aeacus because the in-
sect belongs to Dasypogon, and Say had already described another
under the same specific name, (Discocephala abdominalis Say,
Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 50). The present species belongs to
Stenopogon. — Sacken.]
HEMERODROMIA Hgg. [376]
H. stjperstitiosa. — Whitish ; thorax with a broad, blackish,
brown vitta ; tergum with a broad black vitta, which is crenate
on its edges.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Antennae, proboscis, and front white ; occiput and inferior part
of the head blackish-brown, in some parts slightly sericeous ;
eyes chestnut-brown ; thorax with a broad vitta, which is paler
in the middle and occupies the greater portion of its surface ;
wings hyaline ; poisers white ; scutel dusky, with a paler margin ;
tergum, the broad vitta is very deeply crenated on its edges, and
is often separated into a series of large spots by the incisures ',
beneath white.
Length nearly three-twentieths of an inch.
This species is very closely allied to the H. oratoria Fall.
The disposition of the nervures is the same with those of that
species, but the oratoria is said to have only a line on the thorax
in place of a vitta, to have the abdomen all dark brown, and the
tip of the posterior tibia brown.
long's second expedition. 257
SARGUS Latr. Meig.
1. S. decorus. — Front blue; thorax green ; terguni greenish
golden ; feet pale yellow.
Inhabits Pennsylvania and East Florida.
Hypostonia and vertex blackish ; proboscis yellow ; antenna)
dusky yellowish ; third joint darker ; frontal tubercles with a
white reflexion ; wing dusky, stigma distinct; poisers pale yel-
low ; pleura blackish-piceous ; feet yellow ; posterior tarsi dusky ;
abdomen slender, widest at tip, gradually [377] attenuated to
the base, and with pale yellowish-brown hair.
Length about three-tenths of an inch.
This species is very closely allied to the S. auratus Meig.
Fabr., but it is smaller, and the feet are dissimilar; it may, how-
ever, prove to be a variety of that species.
2. S. dorsalis. — Black, eyes brassy, with a green line ; feet
white, tibiae and tarsi above blackish.
Inhabits Kentucky.
Stemmata approximate on the vertex ; eyes brown, when re-
cent brassy-green tinged with red or purplish, a broad, green,
longitudinal line across the middle ; antennas whitish at base ;
feet white ; tarsi black at the tip ; anterior and posterior tibiae
black above ; wings dusky nervures deep brown, carpus distinctly
marked by an oblong, opake, brown spot ; abdomen oval, mid-
dle of the two or three basal segments of the tergum and venter
whitish.
Length of $ one-fifth of an inch, % rather less.
The male is very similar to the female, but is a little smaller.
This species is allied to the genus Vappo Latr., by the ner-
vures of the wings, the nervure between the three which radiate
from the central joint being altogether wanting, but the second
joint of the antennas resembles that of a Sargus, the third joint
is deficient in my specimen. In general form it resemble S. po-
lity* Linn.
[Is a Beris according to Wiedemann. — Sacken.]
PARAGUS Latr.
P. 4-fasciatus. — Black; tergum with four yellow bands;
costal margin of the wings fuscous.
17
258 long's second expedition.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Head pale yellowish; hypostorna slightly impressed with a
black line, and another dilated black line descends [ 378 ] from
the black vertex and includes the superior portion of the tuber-
cle of the antennas ; mouth each side black ; antennas blackieh-
piceous, basal joint and seta paler ; second joint decidedly longer
than the first ; eyes with two yellow bands of which the anterior
one is irregular; occiput black, with a cinereous orbital line ;
thorax with four yellow spots on the anterior margin; an obso-
lete, yellowish, curved line above the wings terminating an-
teriorly in a transverse, whitish spot on each side of the centre ;
an angulated yellow line behind ; pleurce with two yellow spots
placed vertically ; scutel edged with yellow ; wings hyaline, a fus-
cous costal margin, ferruginous at base and gradually dilated to-
wards the tip ; poisers white ; feet white ; anterior pair with the
anterior half of the thighs and tibiae and all the tarsi black ; in-
termediate pair with the tip of the thighs, of the tibiae, and all the
tarsi pale rufous, posterior pair hairy beneath, with a tooth near
the tip and posterior half black; tarsi and tip of the tibise pale
rufous, the latter arcuated ; tergum with a band near the base,
somewhat narrowest in its middle ; another narrower one on the
middle and two near the tip a little broader in their middles,
yellow; venter with about three distant, narrow, yellow bands,
of which the middle one is sometimes fulvous.
Length less than three-fifths of an inch.
This insect does not altogether agree with the characters of
the genus in which I have placed it, inasmuch as the hind thighs
are toothed, the hind tibias arcuated, and the terminal joint of
the antennas is oval and not elongated. It disagrees with Miles la
in the elongated first and second joints of the antennas, and with
Pipiza in the length of the palpi, and but for the character of
the antennas, I should certainly refer it to the genus Milesia.
[Macquart has placed this insect as a new genus Mixternyia .
— Sacken.]
OURCULIONIDES. 269
Descriptions of North American Curcnlionides and an arrangement of some
of our known species agreeably to the method of Schoenherr.* July 183! .
BRUCHUS Fabr.
1. B. 4-mactjlatus, F. Oliv. — Fabricius sayB it inhabits the
island of Santa Cruz, and Olivier says it is from Carolina. The
only individual I have seen was found by Mr. Barabino at New
Orleans.
Olivier gives its length at three-twentieths of an inch. The
present specimen is considerably over one-tenth, but is less than
three-twentieths.
2. B. obtectus. — Dusky ; base and tip of the antennae feet
and abdomen obscure rufous.
Inhabits Louisiana.
Body above blackish ; with prostrate, somewhat dense, dull
yellowish hairs : antennae gradually thicker to the tip, basal half
and terminal joint dull rufous, second joint nearly as long as the
third : thorax with numerous, distant punctures ; elytra immac-
ulate, the striae distinct ; apical margin obsoletely rufous ; beneath
black, with prostrate hair; feet dull rufous; posterior thighs
somewhat dilated, beneath blackish with a tooth near the tip and
about two small ones nearer the tip ; abdomen dull rufous, immac-
ulate.
Length less than three-twentieths of an inch.
3. B. triangularis. — Black ; elytra with a triangular band,
in which is a black spot each side.
Inhabits Mexico.
*I am greatly indebted to this distinguished naturalist for his able
work the " Dispositio Methodica Curculionidum" as well as for a know-
ledge of several unpublished genera of this family ; my thanks are also
due to Germar who has kindly furnished me with his ' ' Coleopterorum
species novae aut minus cognitae descriptionibus illustrate, " in which
many new genera are instituted.
[The very unnatural classification of Schonherr has left this family
in such an unsatisfactory condition so far as regards the identification
of genera, that I have not yet attempted a critical study of our species.
My notes on this paper therefore will be meagre and more imperfect
than in other portions of the work. — Lbc.]
260 CURCULIONIDES.
Body black ; antennae rufous at base ; thorax transverse ;
elytra with slender, deep, punctured striae ; a common, large tri-
angular white band, connected along the suture with the white
scutel and attenuating to the lateral edge ; in the middle on each
side of the suture is a black dot ; posterior thighs with a spine,
beyond which are two smaller spines.
Length nearly three-twentieths of an inch. [ 2 ]
Readily distinguished by the common white triangular band of
the elytra marked by two black spots. I had three specimens
from Mexican seeds of the size of those of Palmetto, but concave
within.
3. B. mimus. — Brown, varied with black lines and cinereous.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body light brown, variegated : antennae pale rufous : thorax
much narrowed before, with two interrupted, elevated, black lines
and one or two on each side ; base rather prominent at the scutel ;
scutel whitish apparently bifid : elytra with black spots and ab-
breviated lines, which have a whitish spot at their anterior
tip ; a light brown line curves inwards from the humerus and
passes along the third interstitial line towards the tip ; beneath
dusky or blackish : feet pale rufous ; posterior thighs blackish
beneath with several minute spines and four or five larger ones
near the tip : posterior tibiae blackish, subfasciate beyond the mid-
dle : podex yellow.
" Length less than three-twentieths of an inch.
5. B. oculatus. — Brown; posterior thighs three or four-
toothed.
Inhabits Mexico.
Body elongated, pale brown, covered on every part with short
prostrate, dense hair : head on the front dusky, with a slight cu-
preous tinge ; much dilated orbits cinereous ; tip of the 'labrum
piceous : antennae fuscous : four basal joints honey -yellow ; tho-
rax with a hardly obvious, dorsal, pale line : elytra with acute
striae, which have distant punctures rather short : anal segment
but little oblique, more than half the length of the elytra ; feet
honey-yellow : posterior thighs near the tip with about four teeth,
of which the first is most prominent.
Length one fifth of an inch.
CURCULIONIDES. 201
The anal segment is more nearly horizontal than any species I
have seen.
6. B. obsoletus. — Blackish, varied with cinereous hair.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body blackish cinereous, with a slight tinge of brown : anten-
nae not deeply serrate : thorax much narrowed before, [ 3 ] cin-
ereous each side, a slight impressed dorsal line ; base with the
edge almost angulated, central lobe almost truncate ; scutel quad-
rate, whitish, longitudinally divided by a dusky line ; elytra with
the interstitial lines having a slight appearance of alternating
whitish and dusky ; on the middle of the third interstitial line is
a more obvious abbreviated whitish line : posterior thighs with a
black spine, and two smaller ones.
Length over one-tenth of an inch.
The whitish or cinereous markings are not very striking ; on
the elytra they may sometimes be traced into two obsolete macu-
lar bands. I obtained many specimens from the seeds of an
Astragulus in August, in company w'\t\i_Apion segnipes nob.
7. B. musculus. — Blackish with cinereous hair ; antennae and
feet rufous.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body blackish-cinereous, with a slight tinge of brown, or black
with cinereous hair : labrum piceous : antennas rufous at base
and tip, piceous in the middle : thorax rather long, narrowed be-
fore, somewhat cinereous each side, and on a dorsal line ; basal
edge lobed at the scutel : scutel quadrate cinereous, with a dusky
line ; elytra, third interstitial line with an abbreviated cinereous
line on its middle ; feet rufous ; anterior thighs at base, interme-
diate .pair to the middle, black ; posterior -thighs with a spine,
and three close set smaller ones distant from it, and with their
tibiae black.
Length less than one-tenth of an inch.
Resembles obsoletus nob., but is a little smaller, and the ru-
fous antennas and feet distinguish it.
8. B. transversus. — Black, with cinereous hair; interstitial
spaces with transverse black lines.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body black, more or less covered with cinereous hair ; head
262 CURCULIONIDES. •
black : antennae rufous : thorax transverse, widely rounded before,
with a scutellar lobe : scutel subquadrate with a dusky line :
elytra, interstitial spaces interrupted by transverse black lines :
feet rufous : posterior thighs black at base, armed with a spine
near the tip.
Length over one-tenth of an inch.
ANTHRIBUS F. Sch. [4]
Subgenus Tropideres Sch.
1. A. cornutus. — Thorax with five tubercles.
Inhabits Indiana.
Head white: mandibles piceous: antennas rufous, clava fuscous :
rostrum moderate : eyes distant : thorax with two fascicles of
erect hairs on the anterior edge, and three larger ones placed
transversely on the middle ; elytra somewhat variegated, with
several fascicles of erect hairs on the interstitial lines ; and a
white, double, common, transverse spot before the middle ; feet
hairy.
Length less than one-fifth of an inch.
[This is A. coronatus Sch. — Lec]
Subgenus Phaenithon ? Schbn.]
2. A. brevicornis. — Antennse short; scutel and alternate
spots on the elytra, whitish.
Inhabits Mexico.
Body black-brown : head covered with prostrate whitish hair :
antennae hardly longer than the head, fuscous ; thorax with a
transverse elevated subbasal line, rectilinear in the middle, ar-
quated each side, reflected at the posterior angles, and termi-
nating at the lateral middle : scutel white : elytra striated : inter-
stitial spaces convex, with alternate blackish and whitish spots ;
humerus prominent, and a prominence on the middle of the
base : feet obscure piceous.
Length less than three-twentieths of an inch.
The tip of the club, exhibits the appearance of a fourth joint,
which however is much smaller than the others; the eyes are
emarginate. These characters justify the formation of a distinct
subgenus.
CURCULIONIDES. 263
ATTELABUS F. Sch.
A. pubescens nob. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Vol. 5, p. 252.
A. Rhois Bohcman Acta Mosqu.
11HYNCHITES Herbst. Sc bnb.
1. R. COKLABIS Fabr. — The three ultimate joints of the an-
tenna) are elongated, differing in this respect from the other spe-
cies of the genus; it has been separated under the generic name
of Sapindus.
The species varies so much in color as to have given rise to
several specific names, viz. :
Anthribus collar is Fabr. Syst. Eleut.
Rhyncliites angustatus Herbst. [ 5 ]
Rhyncliites rubricollis nob., Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci,* and Melsh.
( !atal.
Rhynchites nigripes Melsh. ; querens Knoch. in Melsh. Catal.
Rhyncliites ruficoUis Germar, Sp. Nov. p. 188.
The latter is very remarkable in having the thorax of the same
color as the elytra. Dejean in his Catalogue places the species
in the genus Rhinomacer.
[Is Eugnamptus angustatm Sch. — Lec]
2. R. hirtus Fabr.
R. seneus? Bohemann.
Doubts have been expressed of our insect being the hirtus of
Fabr., but it agrees better with the description than any. It is
also, as Fabricius says, of the stature and magnitude of R. pubes-
cens.
3. R. iERATUS. — Brassy, antennae, rostrum, and beneath, ob-
scure bluish.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Ourculio seratus Knoch, in Melsh. Catalogue.
Body brassy, punctured : rostrum very slightly dilating to-
wards the tip, with an impressed line above, from the base to the
middle : front with small punctures : thorax with dense punc-
tures : elytra with a transverse, dilated but not profound, com-
*This reference is wrong, it is described in Long's Expedition, 2, 28S :
ante, p. 192. — Lec]
264: CURCULIONIDES.
mon indentation : with striae of transverse, large punctures : be-
neath blackish-blue.
Length nearly one-tenth of an inch.
This is the smallest North American species yet known.
I have found it on the oak in June.
Genus PTEROCOLUS Sch.
Antennae 11-jointed, not geniculate; basal joint not much
elongated; eighth joint transverse linear ; ninth and tenth trans-
verse subquadrate, dilated, and with the ultimate semioval one
remote, perfoliated, forming an oblong oval club ; rostrum di-
lated at tip : head rather long behind the eyes, neck not con-
tracted ; scutel transverse subquadrate : elytra somewhat abbre-
viated ; each rounded at tip, depressed above : podex and part of
the back, naked : feet robust : thighs unarmed, dilated ; tibiae un-
armed, ciliate densely on the exterior edge with very short spines,
and with small spines around the edge of the tip : body rounded.
This genus differs from Rhynchites by the rounded form of
the body; the shorter and depressed elytra, more divaricate [6]
at their tips ; the rostrum is shorter and more contracted in the
middle, and the origin of the antennae is nearer the middle or
rather the base of the rostrum ; the tibiae are ciliated with short
spines, &c.
P. ovatus Fabr. (Attelabus) Syst. Eleut.
APION Herbst.
1. A. rostrum nob. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.
This may very probably prove to be A. nigrum Herbst.
Dr. J. F. Melsheimer informed me that it is found in abun-
dance on the leaves of Robinia pseud-acacia.
[This is Apion Sayi Sch. — Lec]
2. A. segnipes. — Black; feet rufous, with black incisures
and tarsi.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body black, punctured with prostrate white hairs ; rostrum
rather long, and very slightly angulated, slightly tapering, punc-
tured at base : antennae with three or four basal joints, rufous :
thorax with dense large punctures : elytra with punctured pro-
foundly impressed striae; feet rufous; thighs at base, coxae, tro-
CURCULIONIDES. 265
chanters and knees black ; tibioe black at tip ; tarsi black witb a
whitish reflection at the tip of their joints.
Length about one-tenth of an inch.
I obtained numbers of this species from the seeds of an Astra-
gulus in August.
LiEMOSACCUS Sch.
L. plagtatus Fabr. Schbnh. ; Chirculio nephele Herbst.
This is a well marked insect, remarkable by the very large
fulvous mark on the disk of each elytron occupying two-thirds
of the whole surface. The tooth of the anterior thighs is very
prominent. I obtained it on the oak in July.
THAMNOPHILUS Schonh.
1. T. barbitus. — Body rather long and narrow, blackish-
brown, with confluent punctures : rostrum punctured, cylindrical,
as long as the head and thorax, slightly broader at tip, a little
curved ; thorax with one or two slight tubercles each side before :
elytra with the striae rather wide and deep, punctured ; thighs
with a tooth beneath.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Length to the tip of the rostrum three-tenths of an inch.
Belongs to the Subgenus Panics Schonh.
[Placed by Schonherr in Magdalinus to which also belong the
following four species. — Lec] [7]
2. T. olyra Herbst (QurcvMo) Natursyst. vol. 7, p. 7.
The scutel is white ; this character was probably obliterated in
Herbst's specimen as he has not mentioned it.
3. T. armicollis nob. (Rynclmnus) Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci.
vol. 3, p. 312.
4. T. paxdura. — Thorax with a lateral tubercle before the
middle and on the posterior angle ; tarsi piceous.
Inhabits United States.
Chirculio pandura Knoch in Melsh. Catalogue.
Body black, punctured : antennas piceous : rostrum slightly
arquated : thorax with separate punctures ; an angle or tubercle
each side a little before the middle, contracted before the pos-
266 CTRCULIONIDES.
terior angles, which are prominent : elytra with striae of large
punctures : tarsi rufo-piceous.
Length over one-tenth of an inch.
Much like T. olyra, but is much smaller, the lateral thoracic
tubercle is nearer the middle and scutel is black.
5". T. pallidus. — Pale yellowish; head and thorax tinged
with rufous.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body punctured, somewhat elongate ; head densely punctured,
punctures not profound ; rostrum a little dilated towards the tip,
punctured : club ovate acute, not much elongated : thorax with
dense, irregular, not very deep punctures, a dorsal glabrous line,
and anteriorly on each side is an acute tubercle : elytra with im-
pressed striae in which are oblong punctures ; interstitial lines a
little convex and slightly rugose with a very minute series of
scales or pores, near the tip these lines are more convex, basal
edge somewhat elevated : thighs, spines acute; postpectus and
base of tbe abdomen dusky.
Length to tip of rostrum about three-twentieths of an inch.
The color is much paler than that of the armicollis nob. and the
club is much shorter.
CHLOROPHANUS Dalm.
C acutus nob. (Curculio) Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. vol. o,
p. 310.
This insect also occurs in Indiana. [8]
[Is the type of Brachystylus Sch. — Lec]
ITHYCERUS Schonh.
I. curculionides Herbst.
I have always considered the Curculio jjunctatu/m Fabr. and
Oliv. synonymous with this, but Grermar is of the opinion that it
is a different insect.
Curculio novseboracensis Forster.
[I consider Pachyrhyncus Schonherri Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am.
203, Rhinaria Schonherri Sch. Cure. 7, 2, 369 as synonyms of
this insect. — Lec]
CURCULIONIDES. 207
Genus THECESTERNUS nob.
Anterior part of the pectus excavated for the reception of the
rostrum.
Natural character. — Body convex, firm, unequal : rostrum
very short, thick, entire : antennae rather slender, inserted near
the middle of the rostrum, in a deep, somewhat angulated groove ;
first joint oblong turbinate, a little arquatcd ; second and third
short, subturbiuate, the latter shorter j fourth and eighth very
short, quadrate or transverse ; club rather large, of which the
basal joint (or two joints ?) is as long again as the ultimate one,
which is subacute : eyes a little oblique, somewhat acute before,
oblong subovate : thorax longitudinally somewhat quadrate : scu-
tel none : elytra connate, rigid, hardly broader at base than the
thorax, narrowed at tip and concealing the podex : pectus ante-
riorly deeply excavated to receive the rostrum : feet, anterior pairs
approximate : posterior pair distant : thighs not dilated : tibia?
with a short, thick, or double spine at tip : tarsi simple.
Obs. — I proposed this genus when describing the species, but
•mitted the name. It differs from Brachycerus F., and Epistis
Billb. by the pectoral excavation, general form of the body, less
robust antennae, and larger club.
T. humeralis nob. (Brachycerus,) Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Vol. 5, p. 254.
[This is] the type of Lithodus Germ. Sch. Cure. 2, 420. —
Lec.
GRAPHORHINUS Sch.
1. G. vadosus. — Body dark cinereous : rostrum with a deep-
ly impressed line, on each side of the middle of which is a short
impressed line, and between the eyes is a dilated, suborbicular
indentation : thorax with large, somewhat irregular, approximate
punctures : elytra with the alternate lines more elevated, partic-
ularly towards the base ; punctures transverse. [9]
Length less than two-fifths of an inch.
Inhabits Missouri.
This insect was presented to me by Nuttall.
[Belongs to Epicaerus. — Lec]
268 CURCULIONIDES.
2. Gr. operculatus. — Rostrum obsoletely truncated ; a frontal
dilated puncture.
Inhabits Mexico.
Body black, covered with minute, orbicular, perlaceous scales :
head with a dilated impressed puncture between the eyes, an ob-
solete longitudinal sulcus on the short, robust rostrum and a still
less obvious one on each side ; thorax canaliculate in the middle ;
elytra with series of rather large impressed punctures : thigh*
with a sinus beneath near the tip.
Length over seven-twentieths of an inch.
DERACANTHUS Schonh.
Subgenus Aracanthus.
D ? pallidus. — Body whitish, varied with pale brown ; rostrum
not longer than broad, with an impressed, very obvious line from
the vertex to the tip : eyes small : thorax with numerous, small
punctures not close set nor very regularly placed ; base not un-
dulated : elytra with regular striae of punctures.
Inhabits United States.
Length over one-tenth of an inch.
THYLACITES Germ.
1. T. microps. — Body whitish : rostrum very short and broad :
eyes very small, orbicular ; front with an acute impressed line : ver-
tex and thorax a little rough with numerous slight indentations ;
scutel not obvious : elytra with their striae and punctures not
visible, suture a little elevated : feet simple.
Inhabits Missouri.
Length less than three twentieths of an inch.
[This is T. mici-osus Sch. — Lec]
Subgenus Strophosomus Sch.
2. T. tesselatus nob. (Liparus) Jour. Acad. Nat Sc.
CALLOPISTUS Schonh. (in litt.)
B. auricephalus nob. (Curculio) Jour. Acad. Nat. So.
vol. 3. p. 310.
[Is Platyomus auriceps Sch. — Lec]
CTJRCULIONIDES. 269
TANYMECUS Germ.
1. T. LACAENA. — Body a little cupreous, dull yellowish cine-
reous, densely punctured : rostrum with a raised line, tip widely
indented above : antennae blackish rufous : thorax with three ob-
solete blackish vittae; widest a little before the middle : scutel
very small, cinereous : elytra with the striae hardly impressed
at base but obviously impressed towards the tip, punctures rather
large, quadrate ; interstitial lines flattened, tip of each with a
short joint in the middle.
Length to tip of rostrum three-twentieths of an inch.
('a radio lacacna Herbst ? Natui'syst.
2. T. confusus. — Much like the preceding but is destitute of
the thoracic vittaa.
Length to tip of the rostrum about three-tenths of an inch.
[Appears to be T. confertus Sch. — Lec]
APHKASTUS Schonh. (in litt.)
A. taeniatus nob. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc.
Elytra whitish, second and fourth interstitial lines light
brown. [10]
SITONA Germ.
1. S. indifferens. — Body black, rather thinly covered with
cinereous hair : rostrum short, dilated, with an indented line
which does not reach the tip : thorax cylindric with small, ir-
regular, hardly impressed punctures : elytra striate, the striae
with rather large punctures : feet obscure piceous.
Inhabits Missouri.
Length three-twentieths of an inch.
In form somewhat like linecllus Gyll.
2. S. scissifrons. — Covered with white scales; elytra with
black spots.
Inhabits Missouri.
Body entirely covered by minute scales, which on the sides of
the thorax and elytra are white, and on their middle light brown;
head obviously punctured and with a widely impressed line ex-
tending to the tip : antennae dark piceous ; basal joint paler,
clavate : thorax rather short, slightly rounded each side, obviously
270 CURCULIONIDES.
punctured : a much dilated brown dorsal vitta in which is a
narrow white vitta, a lateral brown vitta from the eye : elytra
with a much dilated common brownish vitta ; a few blackish
spots ; tibiae with a slight rufous tinge : tarsi spongy beneath :
eyes rounded.
Length less than one-fifth of an inch.
This much resembles the S. lineellus Gyll., but the nasal joint
is shorter, the eye smaller, the thorax shorter, &c.
HADROMERUS Schonh.
H. hilaris. — Brown varied with cinereous : rostrum with a
deeply indented line : antennae and tarsi rufous : thorax and head
with numerous deep punctures ; the former with a dilated lateral
vitta: elytra with an oblique cinereous arquated vitta from the
humerus to the middle ; tip cinereous almost constituting a band ;
beneath with whitish scales : feet somewhat banded.
Length one-fifth of an inch.
CurcuUo Mlariff,? Herbst. Natursyst.
The male is smaller and the extremity of the oblique vitta is
almost insulated so as to form a small spot in the middle of each
elytra, surrounded by a dark line.
[Belongs to Pandeleteius Sch. — Lec.]
CLEONUS Schbnh.
C. trivittatus. — Covered with cinereous hair; thorax tri-
lineate , elytra, suture and vitta on each blackish.
Inhabits Arkansaw.
Lixus trivittatus nob. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. [Wrong reference.
— Lec]
Body black, densely covered by cinereous hair ; head, a black
lateral line from the eyes to the tip of the rostrum, and a earin-
ate line above ; thorax deeply and widely indented behind ; three
longitudinal blackish vittae ; an abbreviated, longitudinal, slightly
elevated line before, scattered punctures ; elytra with regular
series of profound punctures; a sutural double blackish vitta
spotted or interrupted with cinereous ; and a vitta on the middle
of each elytron also spotted with cinereous; beneath with small
black spots.
Length (total) about two-fifths of an inch.
I obtained two or three specimens near the Rocky Mountains.
CURCULIONIDES. 271
HYPSONOTUS Germ.
1. H. alternatus. — Body piceous, nearly covered with pros-
trate brown hairs : elytra with the striae simple impressed, the
hairs npon them funning alternate whitish and brownish spots ;
a more obvious white spot near the tip of each elytron ; front
and rostrum with an impressed line ; thorax with the punctures
[11] large and close set, concealed by the hairs, with a longitudinal
raised line ; thighs beneath near the tip emarginate.
Length less than half an inch.
Inhabits the North-west Territory.
[Belongs to Alophus. — Lec]
2. H. tmbricatus nob. (Liparus) Journ. Acad. Nafc. Sc.
[Is an Epi'.'nerus according to Shonherr. — Lec]
LISTRODERES Schonh.
1. L. caudatus nob. (Rynchaenus) Journ. Acad. Nat. 8c.
2. L. squamiger. — Body covered with minute brownish cine-
reous scales : rostrum with a carinate line ; thorax with scattered
punctures ; not flattened ; scutel yellowish or whitish, elytra with
punctured strife towards the tip concealed by the scales ; the
united tip obtusely rounded ; humerus obtuse.
Length from two-fifths to half an inch.
Inhabits Arkansaw.
Much like caudatus nob., but in that species the humeral line
is carinate and acute.
3. L. porcelltjs. — Body blackish rufous, with numerou?
short, robust, upright hairs ; rostrum broad and rather short,
with somewhat elevated lines and wide indentation at base :
thorax subcylindric : elytra with a wide impressed striae, in
which are transverse punctures ; a paler submarginal line each
side and terminal spot ; feet dull rufous.
Inhabits United States.
Length over one-tenth of an inch.
4. L. sparsus.— Body dull drab color ; with minute scales,
the surface with small, dense, shallow indentations ; numerous
short, robust, upright hairs; rostrum robust, short; antenna
rufous : thorax somewhat rounded ; scutel small, transverse :
272 CURCULIONIDES.
elytra with rather longer hairs than the thorax, with slender
punctured strise, punctures obsolete towards the tip ; humerus a
little prominent, somewhat carinate ; feet unarmed.
Inhabits Missouri.
Length over three-twentieths of an inch.
5. L. lineatulus. — Body with a dirty yellowish cinereous
covering, and with short, robust hairs ; rostrum with two longi-
tudinal grooves ; antennae rufous ; thorax rounded, with a trans-
verse indented anterior line and a longitudinal obsolete, impressed
one : the whole surface has a granulated appearance ; elytra with
the striae and punctures concealed by the covering, the alternate
interstitial lines prominent and distinct.
Length over one-fifth of an inch.
Very distinct from the preceding species and may be distin-
guished from them by its much smaller size.
BARYNOTUS Germ.
1. B. rigidus. — Body dirty brown, with remote, robust, up-
right hairs : rostrum short, thick, transversely indented between
the eyes; thorax a little indented longitudinally; transverse, as
broad in the middle as the base of the elytra; elytra with
the striae obtuse, slightly impressed, punctured ; interstitial lines
having the hairs distant and regular.
Inhabits Connecticut.
Length less than one-fifth of an inch.
\Phyxelts rigidus Sch. Cure. 7, 124. — Lec]
2. B. erinaceus. — Rather slender ; thorax rounded, some-
what distant from the abdomen.
Inhabits United States.
Body covered with very minute, oppressed, orbicular, dark
brown scales : rostrum robust, moderate ; mandibles exerted ar-
quated simple, acute, unarmed, nearly half as long as the ros-
trum : thorax rough, the scales and their intervals exhibiting
the irregularity of a sanded surface ; hairs numerous ; interval
between the thorax and abdomen widely contracted : elytra with
punctured striae and rigid equi-distant black hairs on the inter-
stitial lines ; posterior declivity nearly vertical.
Length over one-fifth of an inch. [12]
CURCULIONIDES. 273
The mandibles are naked and very prominent; the thorax is
rounded and its surface is rough and punctured.
[Is the type of Panscopw Sch. — Lec.]
3. B. granulattjs. — Brown, thorax obtusely granulated and
with a pale vitta.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body dull brown with short raised hairs : head impressed be-
tween the eyes : thorax with very obtuse granulations, a longitu-
dinal slender impressed dorsal line in a dull yellowish vitta :
elytra a little elevated on the basal edge, striae concave, much
dilated, punctured ; punctures wide, not very deeply impressed,
interstitial lines not so wide as the striae, with hairs ; suture a
little pale.
Length about one-fourth of an inch.
The surface of the thorax exhibits the appearance of obtuse
little elevated granulations and the profile view shows irregular
punctures or interrupted rugae.
LEPYRUS Germ.
L. GEMINATUS. — Body dusky : rostrum rather short : antennae
a little robust : thorax with a yellowish vitta each side : elytra
with the alternate interstitial lines light brown, a small white
spot in the middle of each.
This is the analogue of the L. colon F. of Europe, and so
closely allied to it as to be easily mistaken for it. But the body
is a little more robust; the rostrum is a little shorter and the an-
tennae are more robust.
A specimen was sent to me by Mr. Barabino from Louisiana,
I obtained one in Missouri.
HYLOBIUS Germ.
H. pales Herbst; Pissodes macellus GermarSp. Novae, p. 319.
PHYTONOMUS Scbonh.
P. trivittatus. — Blackish brown with numerous scale-like
hairs.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body blackish-brown, with numerous, robust hairs almost re-
sembling scales, which are longer in three yellowish metallic,
18
274 CURCULIONIDES.
thoracic vittse of which the lateral ones are broader and termi-
nate in a spot on the humerus ; the vittse and spot are pale
brownish cinereous ; antennae rufous ; elytra with large costal
.spots, interstitial lines obsoletely alternating with blackish and
pale brown-cinereous ; suture behind the middle also pale brown-
cinereous ; thighs beneath near the tip emarginate : anterior
tibiae a little incurved at tip.
Length one-fifth of an inch.
2. P. comptus. — Elytra with subquadratc, brown spots.
Inhabits United States.
Body cinereous-olivaceous,' covered with small scales; rostrum
shorter than the head and thorax, rather narrower at base : an-
tennae and feet rufous ; thorax somewhat rounded, with a much
dilated, brown, somewhat metallic vitta : [13] scutel small triangu-
lar : elytra with slightly impressed, but punctured striae, inter-
stitial lines flat, with more or less numerous brown quadrate spots
particularly near the suture, where they are alternate.
Length much over three-twentieths of an inch.
PERITELUS Germ.
1. P. chrysorrh^eus. — Body covered with dense scales and
having sparse, short rigid, inclined hairs ; thorax nearly obicu-
lar : head, the line of the eyes raised and chestnut color ; elytra
paler behind, or with a very oblique brown band behind the mid-
dle ; the striae simple impressed lines ; impunctured.
Length over three-twentieths of an inch.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
[A Cercopeus according to Schbnherr. — Lec.J
Subgenus Agraphus Schonh. [in litt.]
Scutel distinct.
2. P. bellicus. — Body black ; rostrum short, broad, with an
impressed line at base; antennae first joint rather longer than the
others taken together, and the unarmed feet dull rufous : thorax
rather small, with a slight indented line and numerous very short
and very robust yellowish hairs : scutel minute : elytra convex ;
striae hardly impressed, but with regular series of punctures ; the
whole surface with minute, close set, hardly impressed points,
furnishing very short, yellowish, very robust hairs.
Inhabits Florida.
CURCULIONIDES. 275
Length nearly three-tenths of an inch.
Peritelm l< ucophseus of Dcjean, Agraphus leuc. Schon., but I
believe it has not been described.
CYCLOMUS Sch.
Subgenus Opiiryastes Germ.
Clava five-jointed; eyes narrowed before.
1. C. vittatus nob. (Liparus) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc. vol. 3,
p. 316.
2. C. sulcirostris nob. {Liparus) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc. vol.
3, p. 318.
LIXUS F. Schonh.
1. L. marginatus. — Black, covered with minute cinereous
hairs; thorax impressed; elytra, region of the scutel and middle
of the base indented.
Inhabits United States.
Body black, covered with short, minute, robust recurved hairs,
punctured ; antennae rufous, club dusky ; thorax a little convex
each side, behind the middle of the side rectilinear, a little con-
tracted before, with an indented line above, more profound near
the base ; with dilated, confluent, slightly impressed punctures
not deeply sinuated at base, with regular series of punctures :
elytra region of the scutel indented subacute : abdomen dull
fulvous behind.
Length from the origin of the rostrum nearly seven-twentieths
of an inch.
The hair detains a ferruginous powder. It is found on the
lower Missouri. It also occurs in the Atlantic States. With
my first description of this species I gave it the name of impres-
sus, but in the Curcul. Dispos. Method. Schonherr quotes the
same name for a very different and large species of S. America
from Sahlberg. [14]
2. L. concavus.— Base of the thorax and of the elytra with a
common dilated indentation.
Inhabits Indiana.
Thorax convex each side, much contracted before, with very
small punctures ; dorsal indentation obsolete near the anterior
margin and in the middle, profound at base : elytra with regular
27G CURCULIONIDES.
punctured striae, not rugose; base with a dilated common deep
indentation equalling that of the thorax, and another smaller in-
dentation on the middle of the base : thighs unarmed.
Length over half an inch.
Common, and is the largest species that I have met with in
this country. The hair of the body detains a yellowish ferru-
ginous dust which often gives the whole insect that color. It is
smaller than the angustatus F., the thorax is much more convex
each side, the eiytra are less abruptly contracted each side at
base, &c.
3. L. lateralis. — Thorax laterally cinereous ; elytra with a
transverse basal groove.
Inhabits Arkansaw.
Body rather slender ; head punctured between the eyes : ros-
trum but little arquated, punctured between the eyes, short :
thorax with rather large profound distant punctures on each
side, cinereous ; a dorsal indented line ; sides rectilinear on the
posterior three-fourths, and rather suddenly contracted on the
anterior fourth : elytra with regular series of punctures ; some-
what indented about the scutel ; basal margin with a groove,
basal edge much arquated.
Length seven-twentieths of an inch.
4. L. Museums. — Thorax indented before and behind the
middle and with rather small punctures.
Inhabits Louisina.
Body black or blackish piceous, with short white hairs : head
between the eyes a little indented : rostrum slightly arquated,
punctures at its lateral base nearly as large as those of the thorax;
thorax with rather small but dense punctures, with a large longi-
tudinal depression on the back, a little impressed and more
obvious before the middle and at the base : elytra with series of
punctures which at tip are smaller and placed in the striae : region
of the scutel indented.
Length over seven-twentieths of an inch.
It is smaller than L. bardane F., not so densely clothed with
hairs, the elytral punctures are more obvious ; the thoracic punc-
tures are a little smaller ; that species has not the thoracic inden-
tations. It has the rostrum a little longer and more arquated
than in the preceding ; the thorax has not such large and pro-
CURCULIONIDES. 277
found punctures, on the side is slightly and regularly curved, not
abruptly contracted before, &c.
This species was seat to me by Mr. J. Barabino of New
Orleans.
PISSODES Germ.
P. STROBiPeck, [Rhynchamus] Jour. Mass. Agr. Soc. Jan. 1*17.
P. nemorensts G-ermar, Species Novae, p. 8ls.
Dr. Harris sent me this insect as the P. strobi, or White pine
Weevil of Professor Peck, whose name having the priority must
be adopted.
ERIRHINUS Schbnh.
E. MUCIDUS. — Body black-brown with short prostrate yellow-
ish hairs ; rostrum slender, linear, arquated, punctured, much
longer than the head and thorax : antennae rufous : elytra with
rather wide, impressed, densely punctured striae ; hairs arranged
in small spots. [15]
Length one-fourth of an inch.
Resembles E. vorax Gyl., but the thorax is more rounded and
the elytra have a more truncated appearance.
ANTHONOMUS Germ.
1. A. quadrigibbus. — Ferruginous ; elytra with about four
tubercles.
Inhabits United States.
Curcidio quadrigibbus Melsh. Catalogue.
Body dull ferruginous ; rostrum more than half the length of
the body ; thorax with three obsolete whitish lines : pleura bilineate,
of which one is more distinct : elytra with double series of punc-
tures, the interstitial lines alternately elevated, the two inner ones
on each with two or three compressed elevations, of which the
posterior one on the inner line is more prominent : posterior de-
clivity paler : anterior thighs two-toothed, the posterior tooth
prominent.
Length (exclusive of the rostrum) less than three-twentieths of
an inch.
I have taken this species on the Crataegus.
2. A. musculus. — Dull rufous ; scutel and eljtral spotted bands
whitish.
278 CURCULIONIDES.
Inhabits United States.
Curculio varians Melsh. Catal.
Body more or less dull rufous, or piceous, punctured : head
piceous : rostrum with elevated lines : antennae rufous : club dusky :
thorax piceous, very much crowded with punctures; small recurved
distant whitish hairs : scutel oval white : elytra with dilated im-
pressed striae of large punctures ; rufous with the edge piceous ;
two or three undulated, macular, whitish bands of short hairs :
beneath piceous : feet rufous.
Length, including the rostrum, one-tenth of an inch.
Var. a. Obscure piceous, almost black ; bands obvious.
This varies eonsiderably in its depth of coloring.
Subgenus Odontopus nob.
Eyes approximate.
3. A. calceatus. — Spine of the anterior thighs robust, den-
ticulated before.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body black : antennae piceous ; clava darker : thorax very
densely punctured, rather large, much narrowed before : scutel
longitudinal, oblong, sublinear : elytra with profoundly impressed,
punctured striae, interstitial lines flattened, densely punctured;
anterior thigh with a very prominent robust tooth ; anterior to
which are small denticulations ; intermediate thighs with a small
tooth ; posterior pair with the tooth obsolete ; tibiae, anterior pair
much arquated.
Length nearly three-twentieths of an inch.
This is not uncommon. With the form and habit of the insects
of this genus it has approximate eyes.
[This is identical with Prionomerus carbonarius Sch. — Lec]
ERODISCUS Schon.
E. myrmecodes. — Black, scutel and line on pectus and post-
pectus whitish.
Inhabits United States.
Body black, with numerous slender upright hairs ; thorax very
convex above : scutel cinereous ; elytra convex with slightly im-
pressed striae, punctured : thighs clavate, emarginate and with a
large compressed tooth : tibiae arquated at base : anterior pair
CURCULIONIDES. 279
muoronate at trp; pectus and postpectus with a longitudinal white
line.
Length three-twentieths of an inch. [16]
Curculio myrmcx Herhst. Natursyst.
In appearance it has a slight resemblance to a Formica.
[Otidocephalus Chevr. is an older name of this genus. — Lec]
BALANINUS Germ.
1. B. proboscideus Fabr. (Rynchsenus.) Eostrum as long again
as the body. This seems to be Curculio Daviesii Swederus in Trans-
actions of the Stockholm Society, 1787, and it is probable that
(lie latter name is prior to that of Fabr.
2. B. nasicus. — Rostrum not so long as the body or hardly
longer, not thicker at base, but proceeding abruptly from the head,
rectilinear to the middle, piceous.
It is remarkable by having the rostrum at base hardly thicker
thau in the middle, in consequence of which it appears to proceed
abruptly from the head without any gradation.
It is the Curculio micum of Melsh. Catal.
3. B. rectus. — Rostrum rectilinear or very slightly recurved
to near the tip where it curves downward : antennae very slender.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
This is distinguishable by the rectilinear or slightly recurved
rostrum.
4. B. nasutus. — Body robust : scutel elongated white.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
This species diifers from proboscideus F., in being more robust
and in having the scutel longer. Schbnherr has proposed the
name of roslratus for this insect, (in litt.)
TYLOMUS Schbnh.
T. lineaticollis Say. \_Rynclieenus.~] Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc.
vol. 3, p. 313.
Var. a. much smaller.
Length exclusive of the rostrum less than one-fifth of an inch.
It differs also considerably in the lineations of the thorax, and
the alternate elevated, interstitial lines of the elytra are less obvi-
ous and not so acutely edged. I have named it provisionally
paf.micol/is.
[Belongs to Rhyssematus Sch. — Lec]
280 CURCULIONIDES.
ORCHESTES Illig.
1. 0. epiiippiatus. — Blackish piceous ; elytra each with two
yellowish spots.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body blackish, more or less tinged with piceous, densely punc-
tured : base of the rostrum piceous : elytra striate punctured, a
large double yellowish hairy, somewhat common spot before the
middle and a transverse abbreviated common band of yellowish
hair behind the middle, both on a piceous surface ; feet and an-
tennae rufous.
Length over one-tenth of an inch.
A very distinct species.
2. 0. pallicornis. — Black, antennas rufous with a black tip.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body black, densely punctured ; rostrum lineated and punc-
tured ; antennas dull rufous, the club darker black : thorax con-
fluently punctured : elytra with punctured striae, the interstitial
lines somewhat rough and flat : thighs with a short acute tooth.
Length one-tenth of an inch. [17]
Var. a. Tarsi piceous.
This species is very abundant.
IMADARUS Schonh.
M. undulatus nob. [Rynchaenus] Journ. Acad. Sc.
The thorax varies from sanguineous to black.
BABIDIUS Schonh.
1. B. trinotatus. — Covered with white hairs; a black dot
on the scutel and near the posterior angle of the thorax.
Inhabits United States.
Curadio trinotatus.
pemylvanieus K.
Body black, covered with rather short, robust, linear, white
prostrate hairs : thorax with the hairs pointing towards the lon-
gitudinal middle ; at base on each side is a black dot, scutel black ;
elytra with obvious striae ; interstitial lines flat and each with
about three series of the short hairs.
Length three-twentieths of an inch.
r 1 Melsh. Catal.
CURCULIONIDES. 281
The covering of white hairs, with the three denuded spots dis-
tinguish this species. I have obtained it in Indiana as well as in
Pennsylvania.
2. B. PicuMNUS Herbst. Natursyst.
Vol. 7 ', p. 30, pi. 99, f. 9. This is a common species. The
third joint of the antennae is hardly longer than the fourth. The
covering of hairs is more dense than in the preceding species.
[Belongs to Centriaus Sch. — Lec]
3. B. penicellus Herbst. Natursyst. vol. 7 ; p. 29, pi. 99, f.
6F.
Much like the preceding, but larger, and the third joint of the
antennae is as long again as the fourth. I described it under the
name of am ictus, but I have little doubt that it is the species de-
scribed by Herbst. Genus Toxerus Sch.? holosericeous Sch. Dej.
[Also a Centriwus. — Lec]
4. B. undulatus. — Black ; elytra with two undulations.
Inhabits Mexico.
Body black ; head with small punctures, sparse on the vertex,
more dense on the rostrum : rostrum arquated : thorax a little
compressed each side on the anterior margin : with rather large
confluent lateral punctures and smaller sparse ones on the disk :
elytra with capillary impunctured striae, becoming rather dilated
at tip ; interstitial spaces flat, with numerous transverse lines, a
dilated indentation or undulation before the middle, and rather
behind the middle, a less obvious indentation near the tip.
Length over one-fifth of an inch.
Var. a. Body dark brassy polished ; undulations of the elytra
obsolete.
Length less than three-twentieths of an inch.
The pectoral groove is very distinct, but the antennae are too
robust, and the club is too obtuse to be placed in the genus Cen-
trinus, and the fusiform club of Madams will not permit a refer-
ence to that genus.
5. B. striatus. — Interstitial lines hardly wider than the strise,
and with a single series of punctures.
Inhabits United States.
Body black, punctured : rostrum a little prominent at the in-
sertion of the antennae on each side ; more or less transversely in-
282 CURGULIONIDES.
dented between the eyes antennae dark piceous, inserted beyond
the middle of the rostrum ; second joint rather long; third not
longer than the fourth; club obtuse; thorax subconic with ap-
proximate orbicular punctures and a glabrous middle line ; basal
edge deeply sinuous [18] elytra with deep punctured striae; in-
terstitial lines hardly broader than the striae and each with a
single series of rounded punctures : anal tip naked, densely punc-
tured : pectus slightly indented : anterior feet not very distant.
Length one-fifth of an inch.
This is the true striatus of Melsheimer's Catalogue ; the follow-
ing species which I formerly confounded with it, is different.
6. B. INTERSTITIALIS nob. (Ryncheemis) Journ. Acad. Nat.
Se. 3, p. 314.
Much like the preceding, but the thorax is more rounded
being more abruptly contracted before and the punctures are
much smaller. The interstitial lines are broader and their punc-
tures have a transverse rugulous appearance.
7. B. transversus. — Thorax at the scutel obtusely lobed ;
scutel transverse.
Inhabits Missouri.
Body black, punctured : head transversely indented between
the eyes : antennae obscure piceous, inserted beyond the middle
of the rostrum; third joint but little longer than the fourth:
club ovate : thorax rather abruptly contracted before ; punctures
numerous, rather dense ; middle lobe of the base very obtusely
rounded : elytra with deep, punctured striae ; interstitial lines
with close set, almost confluent punctures ; third line with more
than one series; exterior and posterior edges piceous : tibiae a
little tinged with piceous : anal segment naked, punctured.
Length over one-fifth of an inch.
In the form of the thorax it resembles interstitialis nob., but the
punctures are much larger, the posterior lobe is more rounded,
and the punctures of the interstitial lines are rounded.
CRYPTOKHYNCHUS Illig.
1. C. ANAGLYPTicus. — Thorax bilineate each side ; elytra with
elevated lines; a fulvous spot on each at base.
Inhabits United States.
Gurculio anaglyptiais Knoch in Melsh. Catal.
CURCULIONIDES.
Body blackish piceous, punctured ; eyes small ; antennas pice-
ous j rostrum sulcated; thorax lobed at the eyes; subinequal,
somewhat rugose ; two whitish longitudinal lines on each side
liverging before and behind with numerous minute cinereous
hairs, and with two or three oblique uniting lines; elytra triang-
ular much wider at base than the thorax and subacute at tip, each
with four elevated acute striae, the exterior ones united at tip ;
retitiaJ grooves dilated, concave, with a double series of'trans-
verse punctures, an oblique, fulvous, oval spot at the humeral
base, tip brown ; epipleura a series of punctures, base hirsute
with a double series ; feet varied with cinereous hair ; thighs with
i robust, prominent spine beneath near the middle, and a smaller
one nearer the tip.
Length from the front to anus less than one fifth of an inch.
Found many specimens ascending a hickory tree (Juglans) in
the fruit of which they deposit their eggs, in the latter part of
June and beginning of July.
[Belongs to Conut raclicl us Sen. — Lec]
2. C. elegans. — Piceous brownish; elytra with a paler, more
or less dilated space behind.
Inhabits United States.
QurcvMo elegans Melsh. Catal.
Body dull piceous, more or less varied with brown or blackish :
rostrum sulcated, carinate, piceous : antennae rufous : thorax lobed
at the eyes; punctured; an obsolete, oblique, cinereous line each
■side proceeding to the posterior angles : elytra with four some-
what elevated, acute lines, the exterior ones uniting behind ; in-
terstitial spaces wide, with double series of punctures, obsolete
behind; behind the middle is a more or less dilated common
space, narrower at the suture than on the lateral margin ; on this
spot the inner elevated [19] line is interrupted, and the line is also
depressed or interrupted towards the base ; thighs two-toothed,
somewhat annulated with piceous and blackish.
Length less than one-fifth of an inch.
Yar. a. Somewhat cinereous.
Var. b. Paler piceous ; larger.
I have obtained this species in June on Pinus rigida. The
body is more oblong than that of anuglypticus ; the humerus is
less prominent. It occurred in New Jersey, Florida, and the
284 CURCULIONIDES.
varieties in Missouri. Can this be C. aratus Germar ? His r crust, punctured : rostrum moderate, compressed, arquated,
with an impressed line at base ; thorax with discoidal punctures
and from one to three slight elevations : elytra with obvious
strise, in which are remote punctures ; interstitial lines with ob-
long, longitudinal punctures ; sutural line with a series of small
close set punctures.
Length nearly one-fourth of an inch.
The elytral punctures are remote in the striae, and those of the
interstitial lines are much elongated.
11. R. compressirostris nob. {Calandra) Journ. Acad. Nat.
8c. 1823. Amer. Ent vol. 1, pi. 9.
Gemar, Coleopt. Sp. Nov. 1824. [24]
COSSONUS Clairv.
1. C. CORTICOLA. — Black; thorax impressed behind ; rostrum
with an indented line between the eyes, and another on the mid-
dle of the rostrum.
Inhabits United States.
Curculio corticola Melsh. Catal.
Body deep black, immaculate, punctured; head, punctures
minute and remote upon the vertex and becoming larger and
more dense towards the tip of the rostrum ; a profoundly in-
dented dilated line between the eyes; rostrum dilated toward?
292 CURCULIONIDES.
the tip, piceous : thorax with a transverse obtusely indented line
on the anterior submargin ; punctures large separate profound
orbicular, minute upon the anterior margin and confluent upon
the posterior and lateral margins : middle of the base widely in-
dented and with a carinate line in the indentation : elytra pro-
foundly striate, striae with large profound transverse punctures.
Length, base of rostrum to tip of elytra more than three-twen-
tieths of an inch.
A species equally common in Missouri and Pennsylvania. I
have observed it to inhabit in considerable numbers under the
loose bark of yellow Pine trees in October.
2. C. platalea. — Thorax impressed behind; rostrum punc-
tured ; thorax rather short.
Inhabits United States.
Head punctured, a little indented transversely between the
eyes ; rostrum dilated towards the tip, punctured : antennae pice-
ous ; thorax with the punctures not very profound, distant, irre-
gular ; a basal indentation, with a slight, obtuse carina in the
middle of the indentation : rather short, much rounded on the
sides ', elytra, striaa with large punctures ; tarsi obscure piceous.
Length nearly one-fourth of an inch.
The thorax is proportionally shorter than that of the corticola,
the punctures are less deeply impressed, and the rostrum is not
obviously indented longitudinally. It varies in having the tibiae
obscure piceous.
DRYOPHTHORUS Schupp.
D. corticalis. — Thorax with dilated punctures ; elytra with
dilated striae.
This is so much like D. lymexylon Fabr. that it is considered
the same : but on comparing with my European specimens, I find
it smaller and the punctures of the head are obsolete, whereas in
the European specimens they are large and obvious. This is the
Cwcith'o corticalis Payk. of Melsh. Catalogue. [25]
CURCULIONIDES. 293
SUPPLEMENT.
ERIRHINUS Sch.
E. EPHIPPIATUS. — Body yellowish-rufous, with numerous pros-
trate hairs : thorax with a slightly indented, longitudinal line :
elytra with rather wide impressed striae, containing large punc-
tures ; near the base a common transverse black spot, connected
along the suture with another transverse, triangular black spot :
beneath, excepting the feet, dusky : thighs unarmed.
Inhabits Indiana.
Length one-tenth of an inch.
2. E. rufus. — Body pale rufous, with numerous, oblong,
whitish prostrate scales : rostrum longer than the head and tho-
rax, arquated, linear : elytra with impressed striae : suture, near
the scutel, indented : scutel not very obvious.
Inhabits Missouri.
Length one-tenth of an inch.
ANTHONOMUS Germ.
1. A. erythopterus. — Body black-brown : rostrum very slight-
ly curved, as long as the head and thorax, thickly punctured :
antennae rufous: head not obviously punctured with white, pros-
trate hair beneath ; a puncture rather above the line of the eyes :
thorax densely punctured : scutel with prostrate white hair,
rounded : elytra beyond the middle and excepting at the suture,
dull rufous ; with impressed punctured striae ; and with scattered
rather short hairs each side : stethidium with prostrate, white
hair.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Length over one-tenth of an inch.
Curculio eri/thropte?'us Melsh. Catai.
Mr. Schonherr informs me that Dejean has given to this spe-
cies the name of suturalis.
2. A. signatus. — Body with numerous, prostrate, white
hairs : rostrum longer than the head and thorax, slightly arqua-
ted, linear, lineated : scutel oval ; elytra sanguineous, with punc-
tured, impressed striae ; region of the scutel to the middle of the
1294 CURCULIONIDES.
guture, and band of three large, unequal spots behind the middle,
brown.
Inhabits United States.
Length less than one-tenth of an inch. [26]
I adopt the name proposed by Schbnherr, in preference to
that of saiiguinipenms, under which I described it.
BALANINUS Germ.
B. CONSTRICTUS nob. (Rhynchsenus) Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc.
vol. 3, p. 313.
[Belongs to Erirlunus. — Lec]
TYCHIUS Germ. Sch.
1. T. aratus. — Body entirely covered with pale olivaceous,
dense, elongated or rounded scales : rostrum as long as the head
and linear; scales like robust hairs; transversely indented over
the insertion of the antennce ; a longitudinal impressed line ; tip
naked, rufous : thorax with the hair-like scales converging back-
wards to the dorsal line : elytra with indented strise, punctures
are not visible ; with densely imbricated, rounded scales : middle
of the interstitial lines with a series of prostrate scale-like hairs :
thighs unarmed, emarginate.
Inhabits Missouri.
Length three-twentieths of an inch.
Can this be C. penicellus Herbst ?
2. T. amoenus. — Body dark brownish, with minute scales;
rostrum somewhat arquated, as long as the head and thorax, dull
rufous : thorax narrowed considerably before ; base not undulated •
elytra varied with whitish : feet unarmed, dull rufous : tarsi
black.
Inhabits United States.
Length one-tenth of an inch.
BARLDIUS Sch.
1. B. nigrinus. — Body black, densely punctured : rostrum
arquated, linear ; as long as the head and thorax ; thorax with
rather large, dense punctures, dilated and rounded at the scutel ;
scutel as wide as long, rounded behind : elytra with impressed,
narrow, punctured striae, and much broader flat interstitial lines,
on which are regular, dilated, transverse punctures.
CURCULIONIDES.
295
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Curcidio nigrimts Melsh. Catal.
Length one-tenth of an inch.
2. B. interstitialis nob. (Rhynchscnus) Jour. Acad. Nat.
8c. vol. 3, p. 314.
3. B. scolopax. — Body dark chestnut : rostrum longer than
the head and thorax, slightly curved, linear : thorax conic, with
small, numerous punctures : elytra deeply impressed, [ 27 ] not
obviously punctured, a little shorter than the abdomen.
Inhabits Missouri.
Length over one-tenth of an inch.
4. B. acutipennis.— Body brassy, highly polished, punc-
tured : rostrum as long as the head and thorax, arquated, linear :
thorax, punctures profound but not close set ; base undulated ;
elytra with acute, deeply impressed, impunctured striae, which,
on the posterior declivity are dilated so as to make the intersti-
tial lines acute, and elevated ; tip of the elytra on the middle
with an elevated, acute tooth.
Inhabits Mexico.
Length one-tenth of an inch.
CRYPTORHYNCHUS Illig.
1. C. retentus. — Body covered by very short, dense, pros-
trate hair ; rostrum longer than the head and thorax ; a little
arquated, punctured and on the sides lineated : thorax with two
whitish undulated vittae : scutel orbicular: elytra with four
elevated, acute, interrupted lines, between which are double
series of impressed punctures : elevated lines obsolete on the
depressed tip : thighs emarginate towards the tip and bidentate,
Inhabits Mississippi.
Length less than three-tenths of an inch,
It seems to be related to C. obtentus Herbst ?
[Belongs to Conotrachehs Sch. — Lec.]
2. C. lineaticollis nob. (Ri/nchsenus) Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc.
vol. 3, p. 313. — As this has evidently the pectoral groove it can-
not belong to the genus Tylomus, the anterior feet also are dis-
tant.
3. C. palmacollis, — Thorax with numerous small grooves,
296 CURCULIONIDES.
Inhabits United States.
Rostrum longer than the head and thorax, with elevated lines :
antennae sanguineous : thorax with numerous small grooves con-
verging at the dorsal line : elytra with double series of large
punctures, the intervening lines elevated, acute : thighs with an
acute tooth.
Inhabits United States.
Length one-fifth of an inch.
Allied to lineaticollis N., but the punctures of the elytra [28]
are larger ; body smaller.
[Vide ante, p. 279. — Lec]
4. C. cribricollis. — Body black ; with numerous, very short
hairs : rostrum as long as the head and thorax, transversely in-
dented between the eyes : antenna? rufous : thorax much nar-
rower before ; the whole surface covered by large concave punc-
tures, without any very flat space between them : elytra much
wider than the thorax, with rather wide, impressed striae, in which
are close set punctures.
Inhabits Mississippi.
Length nearly three-twentieths of an inch.
[Is a Conotrachelus. — Lec]
5. C. obliquus. — Body covered with orbicular scales, which
are dusky, black and white : thorax with three distinct black
dots, placed transversely : scutel small, black : elytra triangular ;
region of the scutel, extending from the humerus to the suture,
dusky, in which are about two black spots ; then a very oblique
cinereous band ; then a dusky band on the middle ; then a cine-
reous band ; tip dusky ; with punctured striae.
Inhabits Louisiana.
Length less than one-fourth of an inch.
Schonherr informs me that Dejean has given the name of
iimbrosus to this species, [and it is so described in his work 4,
116.— Lec]
6. C. ferratus. — Body black, with minute, orbicular scales :
thorax confidently punctured : rostrum not quite as long as the
head and thorax, cylindric, hardly arquated : elytra striate, not
visibly punctured, with numerous, yellowish-brown, small, un-
CURCULIONIDES. 297
equal spots ; interstitial lines rounded, somewhat unequally
elevated.
Inhabits Louisiana.
Length less than three-twentieths of an inch.
BAGOUS Germ.
1. B. mamillatus. — Cinereous ; elytra tuberculate.
Inhabits Missouri.
Body cinereous : elytra, each with two tubercles behind the
middle, placed obliquely, a smaller one on the middle and the
humerus with a small tubercle : thighs clavate : tibiae much ar-
quated towards the tip, and at tip acute, with [29] rather long,
rigid hair on their inner side.
Length nearly three-twentieths of an inch.
2. B. simplex. — Covered with dusky, somewhat olivaceous,
orbicular scales : rostrum shorter than the head and thorax :
thorax with a slight appearance of an impressed band on the
middle?; elytra with an impressed striae; punctures not visible;
striae obsolete on the posterior declivity, excepting the two exte-
rior ones ; humerus rather prominent : tibiae, intermediate pair
more arquated.
Inhabits United States.
Length over one-tenth of an inch.
Schonherr informs me that Dejean has given the name of
egcnus to this species.
3. B. iEREUS. — Body dull brassy : rostrum short, thick: thorax
not obviously punctured above, lateral punctures not deeply im-
pressed : scutel distinct: elytra with striae of punctures at base,
none beyond the middle : feet rufous : thighs slender.
Inhabits United States.
Length one-tenth of an inch.
Schonherr has separated this species under the generic name
of Analcis. Dejean proposed for it the specific name of scrcus, I
formerly described it under the name of semipunctatus.
TYLODES Sch.
Subgenus Acalles Sch.
T. clavatus. — Body brown, covered with short, upright,
clavate bristles : rostrum moderate, arquated : thorax with the
298 CURCULIONIDES.
punctures visible : elytra with striae of punctures, the clavate
bristles on the interstitial lines.
Inhabits Florida.
Length nearly one-tenth of an inch.
CEUTORHYNCHUS Schiipp.
C. curtus. — Body short, robust, blackish : rostrum as long as
the thorax, arquated, cylindrical : thorax narrowed before, with
rather \ large numerous, impressed punctures ; a transverse, im-
pressed line on the anterior margin ; and a longitudinal, impressed
line, more obvious at base ; each side rather behind the middle
is a smaller, subacute tubercle : [30] elytra, region of the scutel
impressed; striae profound and as wide as the interstitial lines :
thighs rather slender, unarmed.
Inhabits United States.
Length less than one-tenth of an inch.
[Is a Coeliodes. — Lec]
CLEOGONUS Sch.
C. sedentarius. — Body with minute scales, of a blackish or
dusky color, but with a few irregular, small, whitish patches, of
which the largest is on the posterior declivity of the elytra, ex-
tending by two branches to the tip : thorax with rather large
punctures : scutel small, rounded, white : elytra, striae hardly im-
pressed, with very large, not close set, longitudinal punctures •
thighs with a white annulus near the tip: tarsi with silvery hairs,
sericeous.
Inhabits Florida.
Length less than one-fifth of an inch.
[Placed by Schonherr in Pseudomus. — Lec]
COSSONUS Clairv.
C mtjltifortjs. — Body blackish-chestnut : rostrum moderate,
rather robust, a little arquated, with large punctures, and with
the antennae, rufous : thorax long, with very large, crowded punc-
tures : elytra with a striae of large punctures, wider than the in-
terstitial lines : feet simple, rufous.
Inhabits Mexico.
Length over one-tenth of an inch.
CURCULIONIDES. 299
RHYNCHOLUS Creutz. Sch.
C. LATINASUS. — Body glabrous, blackish chestnut: rostrum
broad, short, a little narrower in the middle, confluently punc-
tured : thorax with numerous, profound and not very dense
punctures; somewhat depressed ; sides regularly arquated; elytra,
strias about equal to the interstitial lines, impressed ; punctures
regular, profound, dense: thighs abruptly clavate, unarmed.
Inhabits Florida.
Length one-tenth of an inch.
300 INSECTS OP LOUISIANA.
New species of North American Insects, found by Joseph Barabiao, chiefly
in Louisiana.
New Harmony, Indiana, January, 1832.
COLEOPTERA.
BUPRESTIS Linn.
B. THUREURA. — Scutel transversely elongated.
Inhabits Louisiana.
Body brassy greenish, with dilated, unequal, impressed punc-
tures : vertex with an acute, longitudinal, impressed line : antennae
green : thorax with the punctures more confluent each side, and
a longitudinal, glabrous line : scutel transversely elongated, sub-
bilobate : elytra with punctured striae j interstitial lines irregu-
larly punctured and with unequal and irregular glabrous spaces :
edge not obviously serrate; tip with a narrow subemarginate
truncation : beneath cupreous, anal segment emarginate.
Length less than four-fifths of an inch.
The breadth of the scutel is considerably more than double its
length. It resembles lurida F. (which is corrosa Bej.) but the
extraordinary latitude of the scutel distinguishes it; that species
has also bidentate elytra, and a tridentate anal segment.
[Belongs to Poecilonota. — Lec]
BERMESTES Fabr.
B. nubilus. — Thorax with ferruginous hair and black dots ;
elytra clouded with gray and black.
. Inhabits United States.
Body black, with dense, short hair ; head, hair mixed ferrugin-
ous and gray : antennae rufous : thorax, hair mixed [ 4 ] ferru-
ginous and gray, with numerous, orbicular, black dots, rather
larger behind and less orbicular : elytra marbled with grayish
or cinereous hairs ; beneath densely covered on the postpectus
and venter with prostrate white hair : a small black spot each
side of the former and a lateral one on each ventral segment :
feet dusky, an undulated whitish band on the thighs.
Length about three-tenths of an inch.
This is one of our two species that are referred to the murinus
F. My European specimens of that species are much mutilated.
INSECTS OP LOUISIANA. 301
but the puncture upon the middle of each of the two posterior
ventral segments is very obvious, and does not exist in the pre-
sent insect. I have found it in Florida and Pennsylvania. Dr.
Pickering sent me an individual from Salem, Massachusetts. It
resembles marmomtus nob., which is a much larger insect and
has the two ventral punctures like murium but smaller.
[The ventral punctures mentioned are not specific but sexual
characters. — Lec]
ATEUCHUS Fabr.
A. humectus. — Blue-black, glabrous, impunctured ; elytra
with minute striae.
Inhabits Mexico.
Body black with a decided tinge of blue or violaceous, impunc-
tured, glabrous, polished : head simple, bidentate at tip : antennae
cinereous-black, dull ferruginous at base : thorax simple, rather
convex : elytra somewhat convex, striae acute but remarkably
slender and slightly impressed, not visible to the unassisted
eye. [ 5 ]
Length nine-twentieths of an inch.
Much smaller than tokens Fabr., which it resembles much in
the form of the head, but the present species is polished and
entirely impunctured.
[Belongs to Canthon. — Lec]
TROX Fabr.
T. ^equalis. — Elytra simply striate, the interstitial spaces con-
vex with ferruginous fascicles.
Inhabits United States.
Body brown-black, punctured : palpi and antennse rufous :
thorax not deeply impressed along the middle : elytra regularly
and simply striated : interstitial lines equal, a little convex, with
oblong fascicles of ferruginous hair ; feet black-piceous.
Length one-fourth of an inch.
This species inhabits various parts of the Union, and I re-
ceived a specimen several years since, from Dr. Melsheimer, un-
der the name I have adopted. It resembles arenarius F. of
which however the alternate interstitial lines are more elevated.
302 INSECTS OF LOUISIANA.
LAMIA Fabr.
L. crypta. — Clothed with dark ferruginous, prostrate hair.
Inhabits Louisiana.
Body densely covered with short, prostrate, dark reddish fer-
ruginous hair, concealing the punctures : antennae not longer
than the body, joints gradually diminishing in [6] length, eleven
in number, the terminal ones with a gray basal annulus : thorax
with the anterior and posterior diameters equal, with a tubercle,
or short, obtuse, spine each side : elytra with the slight punctured
series almost concealed by the hair ; a sutural strise obliterated
at base, but passing around the tip and uniting with a stria on
the exterior margin, which reaches the base ; tip rounded.
Length three-fifths of an inch.
I have seen no other specimen than the individual sent me by
Mr. Barabino.
[It belongs to the genus Stenosoma Muls., and was described
by Haldeman as Ataxia sordida, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 10, 56. —
Lec]
ALTICA F. [Illiger.]
1. A exapta. — Dark-green; thorax with a transverse line;
feet tinged with piceous.
Inhabits Louisiana.
Body oblong-oval, dark-green, sometimes with a tinge of blue :
head not obviously punctured: antenna tinged with piceous,
particularly at base : mouth somewhat piceous : thorax not ob-
viously punctured, with a tinge of brassy, narrower than the
elytra, a little indented each side before the middle, and on the
posterior submargin an indented, obtuse line, not very profound,
extending each side to the lateral margin where it curves ante-
riorly and is lost in the depressed edge : scutel somewhat violace-
ous : elytra, distinctly punctured on the basal half; and having
a slight brassy tinge : beneath greenish-black, more or less, but
always slightly, tinged with brassy : tibise and tarsi a little tinged
with piceous.
Length three-twentieths of an inch. [7 J
In comparison with the chalybea Illig. this is smaller and more
slender ; the color more greenish, though equally dark ; the tho-
INSECTS OF LOUISIANA. 303
rax is narrower in proportion to the width of the elytra, and the
impressed line is mueh less profound.
2. A. ocreata. — Pale honey-yellow ; antennae, tibiae and tarsi
black.
Inhabits Louisiana.
Body pale honey-yellow ; antennae, excepting the first and
second joints, black; thorax on the posterior submargin having a
transverse groove, which does not reach the lateral margin, but
at its extremities it is abruptly reflected to the posterior edge ;
elytra destitute of striao ; feet with the knees, tibia3, and tarsi
black.
Length three-twentieths of an inch.
Many species have the groove on the posterior submargin of
the thorax, such as ignita Illig. helxines Fabr., &c. but iu the
present species this groove, at each of its extremities, is abruptly
turned backward and terminates at the posterior edge of the tho-
rax.
HEMIPTERA.
PENTATOMA Oliv.
1. P. bifida. — Metasternum elevated and bifid at the tips.
Inhabits Louisiana.
Body oval, pale ochre-yellow, with the impressed punctures
dusky : head very short, wide and obtuse : antennas, second joint
rather larger than the third ; last joint rather [8] longer than the
penultimate : thorax, posterior angles rounded, not prominent :
punctures distinct, very obvious ; an impressed submarginal an-
terior line, curving backward towards the posterior angles, and
another near the edge of the anterior emargination : scutel, punc-
tures remote ; white at tip ; hemelytra, punctures nearer to each
other : tergum brownish, margin paler : beneath paler than above ;
intermediate and posterior pairs of feet widely separated trans-
versely by the metasternum (Kirby) which is more prominent
than the coxa?, impunctured, bifarious at each extremity, ante-
riorly terminating midway between the anterior and intermediate
feet and receiving the extremity of the very short promuscis, pos-
teriorly receiving the prominent point of the epigastrium : venter
with an obtuse slightly elevated carina.
Length over two-fifths of an inch.
304 INSECTS OF LOUISIANA.
The species in which this character of the elevated metasterntmi
occurs, and in which the tarsi have the usual number of joints,
may be distinguished as a subgenus under the name of Ascra.
[Belongs to Edessa, and is probably one of the Mexican species
described by the older authors. — Uhler.]
2. P. tenebrosa. — Blackish ; antennae and feet varied with
white.
Inhabits Louisiana.
Body densely punctured, blackish : head narrow, long, acute
at the tip : eyes prominent : antennae, second and third joints
equal ; all the joints white at their bases excepting the first : ros-
trum yellowish, terminating between the posterior feet: thorax
with prominent, acute spines at the posterior angles, inclined a
little forwards ; elevated behind, anterior angles somewhat trun-
cate, not reaching [9] the eyes, lateral edge simple : scutel with a
few, obsolete yellow points ; tip yellowish ; hemelytra with a few
obsolete, yellow points : feet yellowish ; tip of the thighs and
points on the tibiae and on the tarsi black.
Length nearly half an inch.
PENTATOMA
P. hilaris. — Green ; tips of the three last joints of the an-
tennae blackish or rufous.
Inhabits United States.
Body bright green, punctures very numerous and dense ; edges
of the head, thorax, hemelytra and abdomen white, yellowish, or
rufous : antennae, second and third joints, subequal, the latter
longer, third and following black or rufous at their tips : thorax,
lateral edge rectilinear from the anterior angle to the posterior
rounded angle : abdomen on the edge with a black point at each
incisure : rostrum terminating between the posterior feet.
Length from half an inch to more than three-fifths.
It inhabits various parts of the Union. Nuttall gave me two
individuals which he obtained in Misssouri ; Mr. Oemler sent me
one from Georgia, that varies in being somewhat shorter and
more robust than the others ; Mr. Barabino sent me two, and I
have also found them abundantly in this State. A label attached
to one in my cabinet says " like pensylvanica Beauv. pi. 11, but
not the same. I have not present at access to Beauvois' work.
Sexes alike. [10]
INSECTS OP LOUISIANA. 305
[Nczarapenns7/lvanica~Bea,VLV. (1805) pi. 11, fig. 5 : Rhaphi-
gaster sarpinus Dallas, Brit. Mus. Cat. Hemipt. (1851) part 1.
276. — Uhler.]
RHINUCHUS Kirby.
1. R. NASULUS. — Posterior tibiae, in all their length, dilated
and compressed.
Inhabits Georgia, Florida and Louisiana.
Body fuscous : head with a projecting spiniform termination :
antennae reddish brown ; basal joint as long as the second, fuscous;
terminal joint longer than the penultimate, yellowish : thorax
with small, elevated dots ; lateral angles more or less prominent :
hemelytra, membranaceous part blackish : tergum on the lateral
margin with a short whitish line at the incisures : thighs spinous
beneath, posterior pair much thickened : tibiae yellowish ; poste-
rior pair fuscous, dilated and compressed m their whole length ;
inner edge minutely denticulate ; exterior edge very obtusely a
little undulated : width decreasing to the tip.
Length one inch.
A large species. One of the spines of the posterior thighs is
sometimes much more prominent than the others. I received
several specimens from Mr. Oemler of Savannah, and I obtained
one in Florida besides these sent me by Mr. Barabino from
Louisiana.
The posterior tibiae are much more slender at tip than those of
compi-essipes F.
2. R. declivis. — Thorax dilated at the posterior angles , be-
neath whitish sericeous.
Inhabits Georgia and Louisiana.
Body dark brown : head with an acute or spinous tip : antennae
dark ferruginous, terminal joint paler : thorax [11] much elevated
behind; the anterior declivity being almost vertical and sericeous
with very short, whitish hairs ; numerous, small, distant 'tuber-
cles ; lateral edge with short, thick spines ; posterior angles
dilated, subacute at tip : scutel with a marginal impressed line
and dull whitish tip : beneath whitish sericeous : feet black,
fuscous ; thighs with four or five spines beyond the middle, pos-
terior pair not greatly dilated ; posterior tibiae dilated their whole
length, more prominent towards the exterior base.
Length one inch and one-fifth.
20
306 INSECTS OF LOUISIANA.
A large species. The posterior tibiae have considerable resem-
blance to Drury's figure of those of comjiressipes ¥., but the pos-
terior angles of the thorax are much more dilated.
REDUVIUS Fabr.
B. pectoralis. — A complicated spine beneath the eye, and
a projecting spine on each side of the pectus before.
Inhabits Indiana, Florida and Louisiana.
Body dark cinereous : head spinous beneath, canaliculate
behind: antennae, first joint more robust; second joint a little
longer ; third shortest ; fourth nearly as long as the third ; be-
neath the eye a branched spine, behind which is a smaller one:
base of the head with four tubercles above, and spines each side :
rostrum, first joint mnch longest; thorax with impressed lines,
somewhat canaliculate ; pectus before with two parallel, promi-
nent, somewhat arquated spines extending on each side of the
tip of the rostrum ; anterior pair of feet a little more robust :
[12] thighs obsoletely spotted and lineated : tibise annulated : pos-
terior feet much longest.
Length less than half an inch.
When at rest the first joint of the antenme is porrect, and the
remaining joints inflected.
ZELUS Fabr.
Z. bilobus. — Yellowish ; thoracic spot, feet and base and tip
of the hemelytra black.
Inhabits Georgia and Louisiana.
Body yellowish, more or less tinged with fulvous : elongated :
head elongated, immaculate : antennae : rostrum piceous
on the second and third joints : thorax bilobate : anterior lobe
convex, with a longitudinal impressed line; posterior portion
with a black disk ; hemelytra black, with a yellowish band on the
tip of the corium, and humerus yellowish : feet black, long : post-
pectus with a blackish spot over the intermediate feet : coxae and
trochanters yellowish.
Length over seven-tenths of an inch.
This insect was sent to me by Oemler of Savannah, and by
Mr. Barabino of Louisiana.
It is a little like taurus Fabr., but is much larger and unarmed.
INSECTS OF LOUISIANA. 307
PETALOCHIRUS Beauv.
P. biguttatus. — Hemelytra with a yellow spot beyond the
middle and another at base.
Inhabits Louisiana.
Body black : antennae brown : promuscis and feet dull honey
yellow : scutel at tip extending into an obtuse spine : hemelytra,
around the tip of the scutel a yellow spot, and an orbicular
one on each beyond the middle : abdomen yellowish on the
margin.
Length seven-tenths of an inch.
A fine insect, readily known by the two yellow spots on the
hemelytra. The disk which occupies the extremity of the ante-
rior tibiae, in this species is not confined to the extremity, but ex-
tends up the inner side of the tibiae, nor is its limit so definite as
in some other species.
[Belongs to Pirates, and is P. mutillarius Fabr. Syst. Bhyng.
280 : Herrich Schaffer, 8, pi. 269, fig. 829.— Uhler.]
^TETTIGONIA Latr.
. : T. COAQULATA. — Head and thorax irrorate with dull yellow-
ish ; anterior tibiae subclavate.
Inhabits Louisiana.
Body dusky, brownish : head depressed above, rather longer
than the width between the eyes, rounded before and bounded
by an obtuse edge ; not gibbous beneath ; obsoletely irrorate
with dull yellowish : thorax obsoletely irrorate with dull yellow-
ish, which on the scutel is still more obscure : hemelytra sub-
hyaline, immaculate, somewhat tinged with bluish towards the
tip: tergum blue-black, with a yellow lateral margin, broader
towards the [14] base : pleura dusky, irrorate with dull yellow-
ish : pectus yellowish : feet yellowish, more or less reticulate
with blackish on the thighs; anterior tibiae gradually a little
dilated to the tip and with their tarsi dusky ; intermediate tibiae
with a black line ; posterior tibiae with the obtuse spines of the
exterior side black, giving a regular series of black points : venter
yellow, segments black at their bases.
Length under half an inch.
808 INSECTS OP LOUISIANA.
0,
In comparison with irrorata F., which it most resembles, the
anterior termination of the head is more obtusely rounded trans-
versely, rather longer and much less convex on the inferior front :
the hemelytra are more hyaline and are not spotted ; the color of
the abdomen is quite different and the anterior tibiae are sub-
clavate.
HYMENOPTERA.
SPHEX.
S. HABENA. — Black, head and thorax varied with golden.
Inhabits Louisiana.
Front and nasus golden : antennae entirely black : behind the
eyes a large golden spot : collar golden : thorax with a golden
vitta each side, meeting before the scutel and anteriorly curved
downward before the wings and terminating in a double spot on
the pleura : metathorax, a transverse line under the scutel, disk
and line each side extending to the posterior coxae golden : wings
tinged with ferruginous at base and dusky towards the tip :
third cubital cellule triangular, anteriorly almost acute : first
recurrent [15] nervure almost continuous with the dividing
nervure of the second and third cellules: abdomen entirely
black, a little sericeous at base; petiole short, distinct: feet en-
tirely black.
Length over one inch.
Intimately connected with S. (Chlorion) iclineurnoneus F. but
aside from some differences in the ^neuration of the wings, the
abdomen and feet are entirely black.
DIPTERA.
SCIAKA Latr.
S. dimidiata. — Black ; abdomen dull fulvous, black at tip.
Inhabits Louisiana.
Female. — Thorax polished: wings fuliginous; costal margin
blackish ; middle nervure very distinct : poisers blackish : abdo-
men dull fulvous, with a few blackish hairs on the three basal
joints, fourth joint a little darker; tip black : feet piceous-black.
Length of the body less than one-fifth of an inch.
INSECTS OP LOUISIANA. 309
DILOPHUS Meig.
D. stygius. — Black, polished; inferior transverse wing ner-
vure distinct.
Inhabits Louisiana.
Body entirely black, immaculate, polished; thorax with the
anterior series of spines slightly interrupted : wings dark fuli-
ginous, blackish on the costal margin ; transverse [16] nervures
distinct ; a darker shade on the stigma : anterior tibiae with a
series of spines on the middle and another at tip.
Length to the tip of the wings about one-fourth of an inch.
The ultimate cross nervure joins the middle nervure before the
bifid portion. The sexes are alike in their markings. This spe-
cies differs from the orbatus Wied., which is destitute of an ob-
vious ultimate cross nervure.
[The name must be changed, as there is another Dilophus
stygius Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 6, 155. I would take
the present to be a synonym of D. orbatus Say, if the sexes were
not here stated to be alike in their markings. — Sacken.]
if® 6 -"
t p
>10 HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA
Descriptions of new species of HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA of
North America,
New Harmony, Indiana, December, 1831.*
SCUTELLERA Lam.
S. viridipunctata. — Piceous, with green impressed punctures-
Inhabits Florida.
Body entirely piceous or dark-reddish, with all the punctures,
above and beneath distinctly bright green ; thoracic punctures
more numerous on the anterior lateral margins : scutel with a
black spot each side before the middle ; feet honey yellow.
Length seven-twentieths of an inch.
I obtained two individuals when in East Florida with Mr.
Maclure.
[This is Pachycoris cliry&orrhoeus Fabr. Syst. Rhyng, 138 :
G-ermar. Zeitsch. 1, 95, and is found in S. Carolina, Florida and
Mississippi. — Uhler.]
TETYRA Fab. Leach.
1. T. marmorata. — Variegated; costal margin with transverse
fuscous lines.
Inhabits New Jersey.
Body variegated with more or less bright yellow and fuscous ;
punctures numerous ; antennae pale reddish-brown ; scutel with
the fuscous color almost reticulate : hemelytra, coriaceous portion
with transverse fuscous lines or spots : tergum on the margin
with quadrate fuscous spots : feet yellow, with brown points.
Length three-tenths of an inch.
This insect is very variable in the arrangement and bright-
ness of its colors. It inhabits the Pine regions of New Jersey,
whence several individuals were sent to me by my brother, B.
Say.
*This memoir is taken from a reprint by Dr. Asa Fitch, in the Trans-
actions of the New York State Agricultural Society for 1857 ; I have
never seen an original copy of it and can consequently give only the
paging of the reprint. — Lec.
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. 311
2. T. fimbriata nob., Amer. Entom. vol. 3. much resembles
T. diana F., which, however, is somewhat larger, with fulvous
markings and blackish antennae and feet. The latter is a [756]
southern species and I have obtained many specimens from New
Orleans, preserved in a solution of muriate of mercury.
THYREOCORIS Schrank.
T. iiisteroides. — Blackish, antennae dull honey-yellow.
Inhabits United States.
Body oval, greenish-black, polished, with rather small, not
dense or profound punctures; antenna) dull honey-yellow : feet
dark piceous.
Length from over three-twentieths to one-fifth of an inch.
Resembles T. scarabaeoldes Linn., but is larger, the puncturing
is less profound and not so dense. The lateralis F. has the mar-
gin of the hemelytra white. It is a common insect and varies in
magnitude.
Nuttall presented me with a large individual from Arkansaw.
[This is Corimelaena nitlduloidcs Wolff, Icones Cimicum, 98,
tab. 10, fig. 92, which dating in 1802 has priority. — Uhler.]
2. T. albipexnis. — Fulvous; hemelytra white.
Inhabits Missouri.
Body pale fulvous, oval ; head ; thorax blackish before and on
each side : lateral margin white : scutel each side at base with a
small black spot : hemelytra white with a small rufous spot : be-
neath piceous : lateral margin of the pectus white.
Length less than one-fifth of an inch .
This insect is mutilated ; but it is a very distinct species. I
obtained it on the Missouri river, when with Major Long's ex-
ploring party.
EDESSA Fab. Lat.
1. F. cruciata. — Above with a sanguineous cross.
Inhabits United States.
Body greenish yellow : antennas pale rufous : thorax with a
sanguineous band on the posterior margin extending upon the
lateral obtuse angles; hemelytra, the coriaceous portion, with
the inner and posterior margins sanguineous, giving the appear-
312 HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA.
auce of a cross on the back : beneath yellowish : venter with ab-
breviated, lateral, slender, sanguineous lines, tip sanguineous.
Length two-fifths of an inch.
When the hemelytra are at rest their sanguineous margins re-
present a common cross.
Curtis gives this genus the name of Acanthosoma, but the
character upon which it is instituted enters into the natural
[757] character of Edessa, as stated by Fabricius, a Sterno ssepius
elevato," notwithstanding which, however, he referred some of the
species to another genus, probably without observing their dis-
tinguishing trait.
2. E. lateralis. — Tergum sanguineous, lateral margin yellow
with a black spot.
Inhabits North-west Territory and Canada.
Body yellowish-green, with large, sparse, dusky punctures :
antennae a little tinged with rufous ; terminal joint blackish at
tip : thorax on the edge immediately behind the posterior lateral
angles obtusely deeply emarginate : hemelytra slightly bifasciate
with pale fuliginous and a slight spot of the same color on the
membranaceous portion : tergum sanguineous : lateral margin yel-
low, interrupted with quadrate black spots ; venter pale sangui-
neous, with deeper colored punctures and lateral transverse ab-
breviated lines.
Length three-tenths of an inch.
A smaller species than the preceding and quite distinct by
many characters. I obtained several specimens in Major Long's
expedition to the source of St. Peter's river.
PENTATOMA Oliv. Lat.
"j" Thorax armed on each side with a spine or prominent angle.
1. P. cynica. — Yellowish, with impressed rufous punctures;
antennae rufous.
Inhabits Missouri.
Body yellowish tinged with green ; with numerous impressed
punctures, those beneath more strongly contrasting : head before
the eyes rather wider near the tip than in the middle : antennae
pale rufous, first joint oval, yellowish; second joint considerably
longer than the third ; thorax with the posterior lateral angles
prominent, acute : anterior to which the edge is granulated; tergum
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. 313
rufous ; lateral margiu yellowish-rufous, with blackish incisural
margins ; rostrum robust.
Length over three-fifths of an inch.
This insect was presented to me by Nuttall. It differs from
punctipes nob., inasmuch as that common species has the second
joint of the antennae shorter than the third; and ultimate
joints are black ; the punctures of the body also are [758] black,
the feet have black points and the rostrum is slender. The pre-
sent species is also larger.
2 P. augur. — Thoracic spines pointing forward; beneath
with five vittae.
Inhabits Georgia.
Body rather slender, attenuated from the thoracic spines to
the posterior extremity; yellowish-green; head with two vittae
of impressed black punctures; antennae pale rufous; first joint
long oval ; third joint longer than the second ; thorax, spines
acute, pointing forwards ; punctures of the disc pale rufous, of
the lateral margin blackish ; scutel and hemelytra, punctures
blackish : beneath with three or five vittae of black punctures ;
thighs with black points.
Length two-fifths of an inch.
In most respects this agrees with typhaeus F., but it has no
sanguineous mark in the middle of the hemelytra. It was sent to
me by Mr. Oemler, of Savannah.
3. P. emarginata — Bluish; scutel with three fulvous dots.
Inhabits Georgia.
Body purplish blue ; rostrum pale fulvous ; thorax at posterior
angles, with a cylindrical emarginate spine ; scutel having three
orbicular fulvous spots : feet at base pale fulvous : beneath, under
the rostrum, region of the feet, middle of the ventral base, anus,
and triangular lateral spot fulvous.
Length half an inch.
Female. — Thorax with the anterior and lateral margins and
longitudinal line in the middle dull fulvous ; the two basal spots
of the scutel sometimes confluent.
Length three-fifths of an inch.
The JJoridanus Linn., is described to be black, otherwise I
should suppose this to be related to it; that species is said to be
:jl4 HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA.
an inhabitant or South America. I received this species from
Mr. Oemler of Savannah, as an inhabitant of Georgia.
The basal joint of the antennae is oblong-oval and the third
joint is rather longer than the second.
4. P. tristigma- — Venter with a series of three or four black
dots, the posterior one largest.
Inhabits United States. [759]
Above pale yellowish-olive or whitish-olivaceous, with dense
blackish punctures and a few small, irregular, scattered, iinpunc-
tured spots : posterior portion of the eye beneath whitish : an-
tennae rufous: fourth and fifth joints brown, excepting the base
of the fourth; second joint considerably shorter than the third:
a black line from the base of the antennse to the eye : thorax
with the lateral angles rather prominent, angulated but not spini-
forrn ; lateral edge whitish and concavely arquated : blue-black,
on the lateral margin with a pale dot on the middle of each seg-
ment : beneath yellow, with reddish points, with a black spot on
the middle of each of the three or four posterior segments, the
posterior one largest and oval : feet pale, with black points ; a
black point at the termination of each incisure.
Length seven-twentieths of an inch.
Female, with- a black line on the middle of the one or two pos-
terior segments of the venter.
Length nearly two-fifths of an inch.
This species is not rare. It resembles P. punctipes nob., Jour.
Acad. Nat. Sci. vol. 4, p. 314, which is so common on thistles,
&c, but is smaller and is distinguished by the ventral spots, and
black points on the lateral edge of the venter.
5. P. serva. — Above pale dull yellowish, with dense black
punctures : head with a black edge ; a black line from the base
of the antennae to the eye : eye on the posterior portion whitish :
antennse yellowish, dusky at tip, second joint hardly shorter than
the third : thorax, lateral edge granulated and concavely ar-
quated ; lateral angles prominent but rounded : scutel whitish on
the posterior edge : tergum blue-black, with yellowish spots on
the margins: beneath yellow, with a black point at the lateral tip
of each incisure : feet with black points.
Length one-half an inch.
Inhabits United States.
IIETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. 315
I have found specimens in Pennsylvania and Florida. It is
larger than P. punctipes nob., and the lateral thoracic angles are
prominent, but not angulated, as they are in that species. The
puncttpes also is destitute of the black points at the lateral termi-
nations of the ventral incisures. [760]
f"j" Thorax unarmed irifh a yrine.
0. P. ligata. — Dull olive green, external edge sanguineous.
Inhabits Missouri.
Body olive green, rather dull ; confluently punctured : antennae
black; second joint rather longer than the third : thorax, lateral
margin sanguineous passing to yellowish on its inner side ; scutel
at tip bright sanguineous : hemelytra sanguineous on the lateral
margin nearly to the middle, abdomen on the lateral margin from
the middle to the tip sanguineous : beneath tinged with yellow
on the pectus : feet greenish, yellowish at base.
Length eleven-twentieths of an inch.
Presented to me by Nuttall as a native of Missouri. The edge
of the head is not reddish.
[Is P. rufocinctum H. Schf, Wanz. Ins. 4, pi. 139, fig. 436.
Found in Missouri and Texas ; Dr. Fitch says, what I very much
doubt, that it occurs in New York. — Uhler.]
7. P. laticornis. — Second joint of the antennae elongated,
compressed ; lateral margins of the thorax red.
Inhabits United States.
Body somewhat depressed ; marbled with fuscous and brown-
ish-cinereous; antennas second joint compressed and grooved, as
long as the anterior tibi; remaining joints; ;
thorax on the lateral edge denticulate ; lateral margin rufous :'
posterior angles a little prominent, rounded : hemelytra on the
lateral basal margin rufous : tergum, margin alternating with
rufous and black : beneath dusky, pale about the insertion of the
feet; rostrum extending beyond the insertion of the posterior
feet.
Length seven-twentieths of an inch.
Aspect of P. annulata F., but widely distinct. It perhaps
ought to be in the previous division of the genus inasmuch as
the lateral thoracic angles are a little prominent; but they are
obtusely rounded. Belongs to the genus Halys Fabr.
316 RETEROPTEROTJS HEMIPTERA.
8. P. senilis. — Long oval; tergum blackish, with two paler
spots at tip.
Inhabits United States.
Body greenish-olivaceous, rather dull ; rather oblong or long
subovate; with rather close-set punctures, somewhat confluent
on the scutel and thorax, more distinct on the hemelytra, and
smaller and more dense on the head : head emarginate at tip ;
tubercle which supports the antennae extended into an obvious
acute spine : antennae dull rufous, a little hairy ; second joint [761]
slightly longer than the third : thorax a little paler on the lateral
margin ; lateral edge rather concave than rectilinear : hemelytra
rather paler on the exterior margin ; membranaceous tip almost of
the same color : tergum black, with a dull yellowish margin ; pe-
nultimate segment with two large obscure yellowish, quadrate
spots.
Length over three-fifths of an inch.
This species is rather more slender than usual, and the tuber-
cle which supports the antennae is a little produced into an acute
spine.
9. P. hilaris. — Oblong-oval ; green ; tips of the three last
joints of the antennae blackish or rufous, the two last whitish at
base.
Inhabits United States.
P. hilaris nob., New Sp. N. Am. Ins. found by J. Barabino,
1832, p. 9. [Ante, p. 304.]
Body bright green; punctures very numerous and dense ;
edges of the head, thorax and abdomen, white yellowish or ru-
fous; antennae, second and third joints subequal, the latter
longer, third and following black or rufous at their tips, whitish
at their base, the ultimate one whitish at tip ; thorax, lateral
edge rectilinear from the anterior angle to the posterior rounded
angle : abdomen on the edge with a black point at each incisure ;
rostrum terminated between the posterior feet.
Length from one half to more than three-fiftbs of an inch.
This species inhabits various parts of the Union. Nuttali
gave me two individuals which he obtained in Missouri ; Mr.
Barabino sent me two from Louisiana, and I have also found it
in this State. A label attached to one in my cabinet says " like
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. 317
pcnsylvanicus Beauv. pi. 2, but not the same." I have not at
present access to Beauvois' work. Sexes alike.
10. P abrupta. — Green; short oval ; edges of the head, thorax
and abdomen whitish.
Inhabits Georgia.
Body rounded-oval; immaculate, densely punctured; edges of
the head, thorax and of the base of the hemelytra obsoletely
whitish : antenna, second and third joints nearly equal ; third
and fourth, black at tip ; fifth
: thorax with the anterior angles
obtusely rounded, a small tubercle at the tip of the eye ; lateral
[ 762 ] edge convexly arquated ; posterior angles obtusely
rounded : beneath green ; region of the base of the feet a little
tinged with brownish ; abdomen on the lateral edge whitish with
a black point at each incisure ; spiracles white with a blackish
point.
Length nine-twentieths of an inch.
Much like the preceding, but it is shorter and more rounded,
and the lateral edges of the thorax are decidedly arquated. The
specimen is deficient in the terminal joint of the antennae. It
was presented to me by Mr. Oemler. I formerly supposed it a
variety of hilaris.
11. P. inserta. — Thorax deeply emarginate before, rounded
each side ; venter with with a series of black dots.
Inhabits Missouri and Arkansaw.
Body oval, pale yellowish, with numerous black punctures on
every part, excepting the membranaceous portion of the hemely-
tra : head unarmed, seated very deeply in the thorax : thorax
profoundly emarginate before for the reception of the head;
lateral edge arquated, so as to include the posterior angles in
the curve ; line on the middle and posterior narrow margin im-
punctured : scutel with a longitudinal impunctured line extend-
ing to the middle : hemelytra nervures impunctured : tergum
black, densely punctured margin of the general color : beneath
with two black spots behind the anterior feet; venter with a
series of black dots ; lateral margin darker or blackish at the in-
cisures ; feet with black points.
Length half an inch.
318 HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA.
The specimen from the Arkansaw was given me by Nuttall.
The lateral line of the thorax is less oblique than that of the
preceding species, and the thorax is somewhat more depressed.
(Male) destitute of the ventral spot ?
12. P. saucia. — Scutel with a yellowish line; hemelytra with
a fuscous line.
Inhabits United States.
Body greenish-yellow ; punctures not dense, but rather more
so on the head and scutel : antennae rufous, paler at base ; basal
joint greenish: supporting tubercle with a short acute conic spine :
thorax, lateral edge rectilinear to the posterior rounded angle :
[763] scutel with a distinct yellowish vitta: hemelytra with a
fuscous vitta, not reaching the base or tip ; superior margin yel-
lowish ; tergum black, minutely rugose, but not punctured ; mar-
gin yellowish.
Length about two-fifths of an inch.'
The dark brown vitta on the hemelytra is a distinguishing
mark.
I took an individual on the eastern shore of Virginia, an-
other in Florida, and a third either in Pennsylvania or Indiana.
13. P. calva. — Reddish-brown; head and anterior half of the
thorax yellowish.
Inhabits Virginia.
Body reddish-brown, punctured : head yellowish ; edge darker :
antennae rufous ; first and second joints green ; third joint a little
longer than the second : thorax on the anterior half yellowish ;
lateral edges rectilinear : tergum sanguineous, blackish at tip,
beneath whitish ; venter with a few rufous points and some
clusters of rufous points each side ; lateral margin with a black
point at the incisures.
Length about two-fifths of an inch.
I caught this species on Holly (Ilex.)
14. P. dimidiata. — Anterior part of the thorax of a different
color ; second joint of the antennae half the length of the third.
Inhabits Georgia and Florida.
Body dull greenish, varying to almost reddish-brown : head
not contracting anteriorly, rounded at tip : antennae rufous,
terminal joint a little darker towards the tip ; at base paler ;
IIETEROPTEROUS HEMIFTERA. 3P»
second joint not longer than the first, and not more than half
as long as the third : thorax, rather more than the anterior hall'
yellowish ; lateral edge rectilinear : tergum purple-black, some-
what polished, rufous at tip ; sometimes entirely rufous, except-
ing the margin, which is yellowish.
Length about seven-twentieths of an inch.
The brevity of the second joint of the antennae, will readily
distinguish this species from the preceding. I obtained speci-
mens in Florida, and an individual was sent me from Georgia by
Mr. Oemler. [764]
15. P. aequalis. — Cinereous, with black punctures ; tergum
black with large punctures towards the tip.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body dull cinereous, with numerous rather large, black punc-
tures , head rather long, rounded at the tip : antennae with close
set black points; second and third joints equal: thorax, lateral
edge nearly rectilinear, slightly concave ; scutel scarcely con-
tracted before the tip, which is rounded ; tergum black, the
punctures small and sparse at base, and becoming large and
numerous towards the tip ; lateral margin with cinereous spots :
beneath with black punctures, sometimes assembled in groups ;
feet with blaek points.
Length three-tenths of an inch.
Smaller than either of the preceding, and the second and third
joints of the antennae are equal.
16. P. rugulosa. — Green, with minute, transverse rugae ;
tergum black at base; antennae third joint short.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body pale greenish, with minute rugae, particularly on the
thorax ; antennae third joint hardly more than half the length of
the second : thorax much contracted before ; lateral edge rather
concave than rectilinear : tergum black at base, the three ultimate
segments and the margin green : hemelytra punctured : beneath
and feet with small green punctures.
Length over one-fifth of an inch.
The third joint of the antennae is very short and small, and
the small rug® of the thorax distinguish this species.
17. P. undata. — Scutel but little narrowed at tip; lateral
edge of the head undulated.
320 HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body dull yellowish, with numerous black, deep punctures ',
head with the lateral edge undulated, the tip abruptly nar-
rowed, with a narrow, deep fissure : antennae blackish rufous,
second joint longer than the third : thorax with the lateral
narrow margin and longitudinal line impunctured ; lateral edge
rectilinear: scutel rather large, not being much narrowed at
tip ; terguni black, punctured, with a yellowish margin : beneath
[765] punctures more dense : venter black, punctured; with the
margin yellow : feet with black points.
Length about one-fifth of an inch.
The scutel in its form resembles that of the preceding species,
but the brevity of the third joint of the antennae and the undu-
lated edge of the head distinguish it. I obtained this species
when with Major Long's party in the North.
18. P. delia. — Bather widest behind the middle ; scutel but
little narrowed at tip.
Inhabits Missouri and Massachusetts.
Body dull-yellowish green ; ovate, being slightly widest be-
hind the middle ; with rather large, profound, black punctures
not closely set : head somewhat long ; the obtuse carina impunc-
tured : antennas rufous, darker at tip ; second joint much shorter
than the third : thorax, lateral edge rectilinear ; lateral margin
without black punctures ; anterior angles transversely truncate
to receive the eyes, and without any tubercle ; posterior angles
not wider than the hemelytra : scutel not much narrowed at tip ;
tergum black punctured, margin yellowish : hemelytra, coria-
ceous portion rounded at tip : beneath with a series of black
points on the margin and another on the edge.
Length three-tenths of an inch.
The scutel is not so much narrowed at tip as usual. One was
presented to me by Nuttall, and another by Dr. Harris.
19. P. calceata. — Green, thorax with a band, and yellow
spot each side before, enclosing a green dot : tarsi rufous.
Inhabits United States.
Above green, densely punctured j antennae dull sanguineous ;
first and second joints green; second and third joints equal;
ultimate joint dusky : thorax with a yellow or rufous band be-
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. 321
tween the lateral angles ; on the anterior submargin are two
transverse, yellow spots, each enclosing a green dot; lateral
edge granulated and nearly rectilinear, black or dark rufous ;
lateral angles but little prominent, rounded : scutel and heme-
lytra immaculate, membrane whitish or little tinged with rufous :
beneath yellow, tinged with green ; venter with a lateral sub-
marginal series of points and another series of black points on
the lateral edge ; tarsi rufous. [766]
Length over two-fifths of an inch.
Var. a. Thoracic band obsolete.
Male much smaller ; the anterior portion of the thorax yellow-
ish, obliterating the two spots ; feet not obviously rufous.
Length three-tenths of an inch.
The variety of this species was taken by my brother in New
Jersey.
One of my male specimens has one of the antennse not more
than half the length of the other, in consequence of the un-
natural brevity of the second, third and fourth joints, which are
hardly longer than broad; the fifth joint is much compressed but
not dilated.
20. P. nervosa. — Rufous, with black punctures ; antennae
second joint half as long as the third.
Inhabits Indiana.
Above rufous or deep testaceous, with numerous separate
black punctures : head with confluent punctures, excepting on
the carina : antennae dusky at tip ; second joint hardly over
half the length of the third ; eyes on the posterior part whitish :
thorax, lateral edge impunctured, and on its anterior part almost
rectilinear, curving towards the lateral angles which are hardly
prominent beyond the humerus, and very obtusely rounded :
scutel, lateral edge at base arquated so as to leave an obvious
interval between its basal angles and the thorax : hemelytra,
membrane with its nervures blackish : tergum blue-black;' margin
yellowish with black spots : beneath pale rufous with black punc-
tures, which become rufous on the abdomen ; a*blackish, inter-
rupted, lateral vitta from the eyes becomes obsolete on the venter :
venter with double black marginal spots; feet with black points.
Length nearly two-fifths of an inch.
The specimen is a female.
21
322 HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA.
21. P. semivittata. — Pale, with confluent black punctures so
arranged as to leave three vittae on the head and about five on
the scutel.
Inhabits Indiana.
Above yellowish-white, with confluent black punctures, and
numerous short hairs: antennae dusky at tip; second joint
[767] rather longer than the third : head with three dull yellow-
ish vittae : thorax with three vittae, becoming obsolete behind ;
lateral margin a little depressed, impunctured ; lateral edge very
slightly arquated ; lateral angles rounded, not prominent ; scutel
with five vittae confluent behind : tergum blue-black ; margin
with yellowish, large, quadrate spots : beneath yellowish ; two
black lines before the eyes : an interrupted lateral vitta of black
punctures from the eyes nearly to the posterior extremity : feet
immaculate, tarsi dusky.
Length three-tenths of an inch.
The specimen is a female. It is more than usually hairy. It
has some resemblance to Stoll, fig. 102, but is shorter.
22. P. GAMMA. — Fabr. (Cimex) Syst. Rhyng., p. 177, 0. al-
bipes, E. Ent. Syst. suppl. p. 4 P. ; punctipcs nob., Jour. Acad.
Nat. Sci. v. 1, p. 313 ? A common species.
[Say makes an error in quoting Fabricius for P. gamma.
There is no such species either in Systema Rhyngotorum or in
Ent. Syst. or its supplement. The correct name is P. lugens
Fabr. Ent. Syst. (1794) 4, 125 : C. alhipes Fabr. Ent. Syst.
Suppl. 535 : C. punctipes Beauv. Ins. pi. 8, fig. 6; Say, Journ.
Ac. Nat. Sc. 4, 313.— Uhler.]
23. P. bioctjlata Fabr. (Cimex) Syst. Rhyng. 175.
Var. a. transversa ? thoracic spots transverse.
This species inhabits the Southern States.
23. [bis.] P. bifida nob. Descr. of North American Ins.,
found by Joseph Barabino. [Ante, p. 303.] Metasternum ele-
vated and bifid at the tips.
25. P. tenebrosa nob., ibid. p. 8. Blackish, antennae and
feet varied with white.
CYDNUS Fabr.
I. C. LIGATUS. — Blackish ; thorax and hemelytra with a white
exterior edge.
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. 323
Inhabits United States.
Body piceous-black : head emarginate : antennae, second joint
dull rufous ; ultimate two joints rather long : thorax with
numerous punctures, before the middle impunctured ; lateral
edge white : hemelytra on the lateral edge white : abdomen
excepting at base, with a white edge : tibiae white on the exte-
rior edge.
Length about one-fifth of an inch.
It is smaller than biliueatus nob., and larger than spinifrons
nob., and very different from either by many characters. A
very common species. It much resembles the binotatus, but is
destitute of the white spots of the hemelytra. [768]
[Described also as Sehirus albonotatus Dallas, Brit. Mus. Cat.
Hempt. part 1, 127. — Uhler.]
2. C bilineatus nob.
Var. a. picea. Entirely light piceous.
Inhabits Indiana.
[Belongs to Aethus Dallas.]
GONOCERUS Lat.
G-. antennator Fabr. The author describes this species to
have the second joint of the antennae scabrous and the " ultimo
claviformi." Now if these characters are correct, a species in
my collection, and which is not rare, is altogether new ; but
this I consider doubtful. I will however state the differential
characters, viz :
Gr. dubius. — Antennae, first joint scabrous or with short
spines; ultimate joint oblong oval.
Length nearly half an inch.
Inhabits Pennsylvania and Indiana.
It is probably the insect that naturalists refer to antennator F.
[Appears to be Coreus antennator Fabr. Syst. Rhyng. 198 :
it belongs to Chariesterus, and is C. moestus H. Schf. 7, pi. 217,
fig. 681.— Uhler.]
SYROMA[S]TES Lat.
1. S. replexulus. — Reddish-brown ; head carinate before.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Body reddish-brown, with rather large, confluent punctures :
324 HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA.
head not extending more than half the length of the basal joint
of the antennae, obviously carinate between the antennae, tuber-
cles each side of the antennae; acute : antennas, first joint robust,
rough, much narrowed; second joint shorter than the third; ter-
minal joint half as long as the third : thorax, lateral margin a
little reflected, the edge concavely arquated; posterior angles
rounded ; anterior angles prominent, acute : scutel narrowed be-
fore the tip : hemelytra, corium yellowish, rufous near the scutel ;
nervures very distinct ; lateral edge a little reflected ; membrane
hyaline : beneath greenish-yellow ; feet pale rufous ; posterior
thighs dilated, spinous beneath.
Length one-fourth of an inch.
The rostrum hardly reaches the posterior coxae. The last joint
of the antennae is elongate-oval and much shorter than the pre-
ceding joint, as defined by Latreille in this genus.
2. S. fraterculus.^— Anterior point of the head extending
nearly to the tip of the first joint of the antennae.
Inhabits Georgia and Indiana. [ 769 } ;
Closely resembles the preceding species,, but is smaller ; the
anterior tip of the head extends nearly or quite to the tip of the
first joint of the antennae; the lateral margin of the corium is
very distinctly punctured with black ; the membrane is marked
with a longitudinal obsolete brown line and small points ; the
general color is darker ; the tergum is sanguineous, black at base.
Length less than one-fourth of an inch.
A small specimen was sent to me by Mr. Oemler, from the
vicinity of Savannah, and I have obtained the two sexes in In-
diana.
3. S. obliqtjus. — All above punctured ; rostrum and head
rather short.
Inhabits United States.
Body pale yellowish-rufous : head obviously punctured, not ex-
tending to the tip of the first joint of the antennae ; antennas, first
joint robust; second hardly two-thirds as long as the third:
thorax with rather large punctures ; no obvious transverse im-
pressed line : hemelytra, on the corium with large separate
punctures ; posterior edge very oblique and elongated ; mem-
brane immaculate, undulated by the nervures : beneath more
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. 325
obviously tinged with rufous ; feet paler ; rostrum hardly reach-
ing the intermediate coxae.
Length less than three-twentieths of an inch.
It may be distinguished by the remarkable obliquity of the
terminal line of the corium.
COREUS Fi Latr.
1. C conpluentus [confluens]. — -Pale brownish ; thorax
bilineate ; abdomenwith a spotted margin.
Inhabits Mexico.
Body depressed with numerous minute hairs, pale yellow-
brown : thorax with a transverse, slightly elevated line on the
posterior submargin; two broad black vittae, confluent before,
and suddenly narrowed on the posterior margin ; a black lateral
marginal vitta before ; posterior angles obtusely rounded : scutel
at base and an abbreviated line black : hemelytra immaculate ;
corium finely reticulate : abdomen dilated ; tergum on [ 770 ]
the margin alternating with blackish and yellowish : beneath
blackish varied with yellowish ; feet blackish ; knees and coxae
fulvous.
Length three-fourths of an inch.
This is a dilated and somewhat depressed species.
2. C. diffusus. — Brownish ; abdomen dilated ; antennae and
feet blackish.
Inhabits Georgia.
Body depressed pale yellowish-brown; with short hairs; di-
lated : head unarmed, the middle of the tip not reaching the
base of the first joint of the antennae : antennae blackish, hairs
very obvious ; basal joint a little excurved ; second joint a little
longer than the third : thorax somewhat transversely punctured ;
lateral edge irregularly denticulated, particularly anteriorly;
posterior angles very obtusely rounded : scutel black in the
middle : hemelytra immaculate ; corium finely reticulate ; the
disks of the basal cellules blackish : abdomen dilated ; margin
elevated and with a series of black points on the edge ; feet
blackish piceous.
Length seven-tenths of an inch.
Resembles the conjluenta nob., but is somewhat more dilated
326 HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA.
and the anterior lateral edge of the thorax is rectilinear ; whereas
in that species it is arquated.
This insect was sent me by Mr. Oemler of Savannah, who took
it in the neighborhood of that city.
ANISOSCELIS Latr.
1. A. CORCULUS. — Fuscous; antennae rufous; posterior tibiae
dilated, not sinuous.
Inhabits Florida.
Body reddish-brown, rather dark, minutely and densely punc-
tured : head simple, with three rufous lines : antennae rufous ;
basal joint much shorter than the second, blackish above, second
joint longest; ultimate joint rather shorter than the preceding
one, fuscous : thorax with the angles not prominent, rounded :
scutel undulated on the disc : tergum on the lateral margin
with yellowish lines at the incisures: beneath dull rufous with
numerous black points ; rostrum extending to the middle of the
venter : thighs blackish above towards the tip, spinous beneath,
[771] posterior pair a little thickened; tibiae dull yellowish;
posterior pair dilated, not undulated on the edge, fuscous with
small yellowish spots ; the dilatation not continued to the tip ;
inner edge with a few short spines.
Length four-fifths of an inch.
I obtained two individuals on St. John's river. In one of the
two specimens the nervures on the middle of the hemelytra are
of a paler color, as if, in some individuals, a pale band might
exist in that part.
2. A. albicinctus. — Ferruginous ; hemelytra with a white
band ; posterior tibiae dilated, sinuated.
Inhabits Florida.
Body above light reddish-brown or ferruginous : antennae,
basal joint blackish : head blackish, with three yellowish lines ;
thorax with short hair ; elevated behind ; lateral angles sub-
acute ; hemelytra with a slender, white, transverse line ; mem-
branous part blackish : beneath yellowish, with irregular, black
punctures : feet reddish-brown ; thighs spinous beneath ; pos-
terior tibiae foliaceous, two or three toothed on the posterior edge,
the superior tooth smallest ; a double hyaline spot, bisected by
the lateral carina ; tip not dilated.
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. 327
Length three-fifths of an inch.
Resembles balteatus Linn. But according to Drury's figure,
that species has simple posterior tibiae. It is still more like L.
phyUopus Linn., which, however, has the white line undulated
and oblique, as figured by Stoll, the posterior thighs more elon-
gated and the posterior tibiae still more dilated, particularly on
the inner side, than this species.
It is common in Florida. The male has but two denticula-
tions on the dilated edge of the posterior tibia), whilst the female
has three ) the sinuations of the edge correspond with the num-
ber of teeth.
3. A. oppositus. — Reddish-brown ; hemelytra with a white
point in the middle of the corium ; antennse rufous ; head tri-
lineated ; posterior tibiae dilated and sinuated.
Inhabits Indiana. [ 772 ]
This is very closely allied to albicinctus nob., but is uniform
in its differential characters. It may be known by the small
white point of the hemelytra.
4. A. declivis nob. (Rliiitfickus Kirby) New Sp. N. Am. Ins.
found by Jos. Barabino, p. 10. [Ante, p. 305.] Thorax dilated at
the posterior angles ; beneath whitish sericeous ; posterior tibiae
dilated and compressed their whole length, more prominent
towards the exterior base.
Inhabits Georgia and Louisiana.
Length one inch and one-fifth.
5. A. nasulus nob. ( " ) ibid. p. 10. [Ante, p. 305.]
Thorax, lateral angles more or less prominent; posterior tibiae
dilated and compressed all their length ; inner edge minutely
denticulate ; exterior edge a little undulated ; width decreasing
to the tip.
Inhabits Georgia, Florida, Louisiana.
Length one inch.
This genus seems to include Petalopus and Rhinuclms Kirby, of
whicb, however, I have not seen the characters stated, which alone
can establish a generic name.
328 HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA.
BERYTUS Fabr.
B. muticus. — Unarmed : a short groove betweeen the an-
tennae.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body punctured; pale yellowish brown, unarmed : head not
much narrowed before, the tip rounded downwards and com-
pressed ; and with a profound short groove above : thorax with
a glabrous line : scutel carinate, acute at tip, but not produced
into a spine : hemelytra, corium with the punctures dilated : be-
neath blackish along the middle to the middle of the venter.
Length nearly seven-twentieths of an inch.
Quite distinct from the tipularis F., of which the head is elon-
gated before and hemelytra are spotted ; and from the spinosus
nob., by being destitute of spines before the posterior coxae and
on the scutel.
LYGAEUS F. Latr.
1. L. sa'ndarachatus. — Hemelytra yellowish, with a black
band and tip ; venter sanguineous with a lateral black vitta.
Inhabits Mexico. [773]
Head sanguineous, with an abbreviated line above the ros-
trum, and more or less dilated orbits and vertex, black : antennae
and rostrum black : thorax black, anterior margin white ; lateral
margin yellowish, tinged with sanguineous before ; a dorsal slender
yellowish line slightly elevated before : scutel black, yellow at
tip : hemelytra pale yellow, a band on the middle and membra-
nous at tip, black ; pectus and postpectus black with whitish in-
cisures and margins : venter sanguineous, with white incisures
and lateral, abbreviated black vittae : feet black, coxae sanguineous.
Var. a. Anterior thighs sanguineous.
Var. b. Head above black, with three abbreviated sanguineous*
lines.
Length to tip of hemelytra two-fifths of an inch.
Resembles mimus nobis, which, however, has no appearance
of the thoracic dorsal line or lateral ventral vittae.
2. L. pacetus. — Black, with rufous margins and thoracic line.
Inhabits Florida.
Body black, opake, head at tip narrowed and half the length
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. 329
of the basal joint of the antennae : antennae second joint longest,
ultimate joints rather longer than the third : thorax with two
transverse punctured indentations on the anterior margin and
middle; margin pale rufous, interrupted near the anterior
angles : a longitudinal rufous line not reaching the anterior
margin : scutel, disk elevated in the form of a T, which is pale
rufous at tip : hemelytra on the lateral and terminal margins
pale rufous : abdomen pale rufous on the margin : pectus, ante*
rior and lateral margins pale rufous.
Length over three-tenths of an inch.
I took several specimens in Florida.
3. L. bistriangularis. — Black, base of the hemelytra and
venter sanguineous.
Inhabits Mexico.
Head black : thorax black : lateral margin behind the middle
and posterior edge sanguineous ; scutel black : hemelytra san-
guineous, membranous portion black with a slight edging of
whitish : pectus and postpectus fuscous ; feet black ; venter san-
guineous with a black tip. [774]
Length over one-fifth of an inch.
Allied to bicmcis nob., but is not half so large, and the coloring
of the thorax is quite different.
4. L. reclivatus nob. Var. a. enotus. Destitute of the
white spot of the membranaceous portion of the hemelytra.
Inhabits Mexico.
5. L. leucopterus [Chinch bug.] Blackish, hemelytra white
with a black spot.
Inhabits Virginia.
Body long, blackish, with numerous hairs : antennae, rather
short hairs : second joint yellowish, longer than the third; ulti-
mate joint rather longer than the second, thickest : thorax tinged
with cinereous before, with the basal edge piceous : hemelytra
white, with a blackish oval spot on the lateral middle ; rostrum
and feet honey-yellow : thighs a little dilated.
Length less than three-twentieths of an inch.
I took a single specimen on the Eastern Shore of Virginia.
The whiteness of the hemelytra in which is a blackish spot
strongly contrasted, distinguishes this species readily.
330 HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA.
6. L. disconotus. — Blackish : third joint of the antennas
much shorter than the fourth : hemelytra dull whitish.
Inhabits Missouri.
Body blackish, punctured, rather wider behind : head a little
convex : antennae first and second joints yellowish : third equal to
the first ; fourth joint almost double the length of the third, and
as long or rather longer than the second ; thorax very slightly
contracted each side of the middle : basal half and anterior edge
piceous ; hemelytra dull yellowish-white, punctured ; membrane
on the disc brown ; tip wide and obtusely rounded : feet whitish ;
thighs honey-yellow, anterior pair a little more dilated ; postpectus
with a pure white posterior margin.
Length to tip of hemelytra less than three-twentieths of an
inch.
7. L. geminatus. — Hemelytra with two small central spots,
and four on the posterior edge of the membrane.
Inhabits Indiana and Missouri.
Body dull greenish-yellow ; head dull fulvous, blackish each side
behind : antennae obscure rufous; first joint, incisures and [775]
terminal joint black : rostrum extending a little beyond the origin
of the posterior feet : thorax with the transverse impression rather
deep and blackish : scutel dull fulvous, blackish on the basal
margin : hemelytra on the corium tinged with yellowish, almost
hyaline, and having on the middle two approximate, abbreviated
fuscous lines and on the posterior edge four or three fuscous,
small dots ; membrane pellucid : beneath black-piceous ; a white
line over the insertion of the posterior pairs of feet, and a honey-
yellow line over the anterior pair : feet honey-yellow, immacu-
late ; tarsi blackish.
Length three-twentieths of an inch.
Nuttall presented to me an individual which he took in Mis-
souri, and I obtained others in this State.
8. L. scolopax. — Hemelytra with a rufous tip of the corium;
rostrum extending to the middle of the venter.
Inhabits Missouri and Indiana.
Body yellowish, inclining on the head and scutel to obscure
fulvous : punctured : head, punctures obsolete, tip a little longer
than the basal joint of the antennae ; antennae black ; second
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. 331
]