THE DYER'S COMPANIO] W TWO P4Rfs, ^- PART 1st CONTArNli??CI^ ' ''■ - r ^ Upwards of one hundred i'eceipts for colouring woQlIeri, cot- ton or silk cloths, yarn or thread, all kirfds of dolours and shades, so as to make them lasting and peidhanent, upon the newest and most improved plan in d3ing ; \vith direct- ions for dressing cloth, and some obsei-vations and direc- tions as to the use of colours and dye-stuff, and the proper- ties and effects thei'eof— calculated for the use of artists, private families, and the encouragement of manufacto- ries, ^c. THE 2d PART CONTAINING pirections for jacking and varnishing leather ; to make Oil- Cloth, Lacker Brass, and Tin-Ware : To colour feathers, fur, and hair ; to prepare paints, vaniishes, &c. to stain wood different colours ; to colour hats, either in whole or any particular part ; together with a number of medical receipts, which have been found beneficial, and highly ap- proved by the faculty. CONTAINING ALSO — Many discoveries and improvements, not before made public. ^^— ^— —————— ——iW^g—W HHW M . 1 Ij^ BY ELIJAH BEMISS. NEW-LONDON : PRINTED BY CADY is" EELLS^ roji THB author; niSTRlCr OF COXXECTICUT, f. SZ,.5.| "D^ it remembei'cJ, that on the twcniy-sc- ******* J^ vcnth day of August, in the thirtit.'th ye;;.' cii' the Independence of the United Staaes of Aniericu, F.LiJAH Bemiss, ufs.'.id district, huth dc/oi'iteu in this oftice the title of a book, the i'ifj;ht whereof he claims as p.nthor, in the words followinj^, « The DVElvS COM- *» PANION, iii two parts — Pixrt 1st coiitaininij upwards '• of one hundred different receipts for colouring wool- '• len, cotton, or silk cloths, yarn or thread, all kinds of " colours and shades, so as to make thcin lasting and ** permanent, upon the newest and luost improved plan *' in dying: ? ^vith directions for dressing cloth, and some *' observations and directions as to the use of colours «' and dye-stuff, and the properties and effects thereof-^ " calculated for the use of artists, private families, and " the encouragement of manuiictoiies. Sec. Second " part contains directions for jacking and varnishing " leather ; to make oil-cloth, lacker brass, and tin-ware ; " to colour feathers, fur, and hair ; to prepare paints, " varnishes, &c. to stain wood different colours ; to co- *' loiu' hats, either in whole or any particular part ; to- «* gether with a number of medical receipts, which have <' been found beneficial, and highly approved by the fac- " ulty. Containing also, many improvements and dis- " coveries not before made public — By Elijah Bemiss." In conformity to the act of the Congress of the United States, entitled, ' An act for the encouragement of learn- inj^-, by securing the copies of maps, charts and books, to authors and proprietors of such copies, during the time therein mentioned." SIMEON BALDWIN, Clerk of the District of Connecticut. A true copv of record examined and sealed by S. BALDWIN, Cik, Diat. Con, PREFACE. ' JL HE defign of " The Dyer's Companion," is to furnKli an eafy and uniform fyftem of dying for the ufe of pra£litioners, and thofe who vviili to be benefitted by that and other arts introduced in this work. During an em- ployment of fcveral years in the clothier's bu- Cncfs, I had to combat with many difficul- ties for the want of an alTiItant of this kind ; and I arn well perfuaded the greater part of my fellow-fun£lioners have laboured under the fameembarraffments, as there has not been to my knov/ledge, any book of this nature ever before publiflied in the United States — a work which I humbly conceive will not only be ferviceable to the praftitioners, but to the country at large. The author's attempt to improve the ufeful aris, and to promote manufactures, he hopes will meet the approbation and encourage^ ment of his fellow-citizens ; and that the piainnefs of his plan, will be excufed, as he is an unlettered country dyer. His long pra6life in .dying and dreffing cloth, &c. has given him great opportunity for making im- A 2 ^ PREFACE. '^'provements therein. Thefe arts admit of ftill '^ greater improvement, if proper attention is paid to recording and fVcuring our difcove- ries ; but otherwife it rnuft be expcded that fliey will remain with us in a ftate of infancy. The art of dying is ftill far from having ar- rived at a ftate of perfe6t:on even in Europe, and probably will not in our age. This con- lideration ought not to difcourage us, but to increafe our ambition ; for it muft fee ac- knowledged that great improvements have been made and are ftill making in this coun- try. Thofe to whom the author is in the fmall- *ft degree indebted for promoting the ul'efuU iisfs of this work, will pleafe to accept his thanks ; their future favors are rcquefted, Ti'ith a hope that we may continue to live in orothcrly love. By contributing our mutual .\id towards gaining and fupporting our inde- pendence of Great-Britain, and other foreiga countries, to whom in arts and manufactures •^e have too long bowed the knee ; we ftiall promote our own interefts and our country's /felfarc and glory. In the Firji Pari it is attempted to have tlic PREFACE. til Receipts for dying woolen, filk, cotton and linen goods, arranged in the beft order; which is followed by directions for the management of colouring, See. The different operations of dye-ftuff are then attempted to be fliewn, together with directions for dreffinjj cloth ; doling with fome obfervations on the prefcnt fituation of our bufinefs. The Second Part contains fevcral ufefularts *nd difcoveries, colle6led from various fourc- cs, which will be found to be extremely bene- ficial to the public in general. The author having for feveral years practif- ed in the greater part of the arts inferted ia this work, pledges himfelf for the truth of his affertions. He has endeavored to ufe the plainefl language, and to point out every part of the proceffes, fo that no one fhould be dif- appointed who attempts to follow his direc- tions. Many mafter mechanicks refufe to give re- ceipts to their apprentices unlefs they will pay for them, and at a high price. There are many receipts in this book, which, to theper- fonal knowledge of the author, have been fold for twenty and thirty dollars each ; and ihe viii PREFACE. purchafer prohibited from communicating the' receipt to any other perfon. ^y this means, ufeful dilcoveries are fometimes wholly loll ; and our improvement in arts and m;'.nufac- tures make but flow progrcfs. Should this attempt meet with reafonable encoura,5ement the work will be enlarged and amended., in future editions, as the author may find time and means for the purpofe. DYER'S COMPANION* RECEIPTS, 8tc. 1. Tofeta Hue Vai of twelve Barrels, J? OR a Tat of twelve barrels ; fill the rat about half full of water, scalding hot ; dissolve eight pounds of potash in eight gallons of warm water ; fill the copper with water ; add one half of the pot- ash lie, with five pounds of madder, and four quarts of wheat bran ; heat this with a moderate fire, nearljr to boiling heat, often stirring it—turn tliis into the vat. Take five pounds of indigo, wet it with one gallon of the potash lie, and grind it well : then fill your copper with water, and add tha remainder of your potash lie, when cool, (being careful in pouring it off, arthe sediment is injurious to the dye) ; add this compound of indigo, &c. and four pounds of woad ; stir this continually over a moderate fire, until it boils ; then turn it into tho vat, and stir, rake or plunge well, until well mixed togetker : cover it close and let it stsuid two hours ; ItO DVtIl's CCMTAriOK. then add fourouiiccs of boic\i;, rake ^Tcll, and let ii stand twelve hours. If it docs net cottie to work, then take ttvb quarts of uiiS'.aC'iJd lime, and six quarts of water, putting them into a vessel proper for i,he purpose, and stir- ring well ; after standing till well settled, take the lie of the lime, and' rake' agmn, cover close, and let it stand two hours. The symptoms of the dye being fit to work, may be knoAvn by the rising of a fine copper-colored scum, on top of thed^e, and likewise, a fine froth rising; your dye will- fook ' green, and your cloth dipt in it, before it comes to the air, v.'ill look green also. Form of a Vat and other Utenjils neaJfaryfoY Blue Dying. 1st. The Vat ought to be made of pine plr.nk, at least two inches thick : it should be five feet long, and the width sufficient for containing th6 quantity required ; the largest end down, and about three feet m the ground ; hooped with large iron hoqps as far as it stands in the ground ; and all abpye'ground covered with wooden hoops ; the top covered tight with a thick cover so as to exclude tlie cold air. A small lid should be made to open and shut at pleas- - ure for the purpose pf^admiitmg the dye into th^ Krat, stirring, raking, &6. , It is absolutely necessa* r^ to cover close, so ;as Vjr confine the_ heat an^ steam. Pyer's companion. il from the time you begin to empty your liquor, un- til your vat' i-s full. The liquor should be conveyed from the copper to, the vat by a spout or trunk, and after stirring, be immediately covered dose. 2d. The Rnke is of an oval form, with a Iiandle tliri)ugh the middle, of sumeient length to reach the bottom of the vat -with ease. 3d. The Screen or Eacldle^ to prevent the goods fi-om sinking upon the sediment. This utensil is placed about ten or twelve inches from the bottom of the vat. It should be as large as the top of the vat will admit, and filled with netting or splinters ; it should be hung by three cords, from the top, so as to be easily taken out when necessary, and a weight in the middle sufficient to keep it down. 4Lh. The Cross-Bar, or stick across the vat. This should be about one inch in diameter, and plac- £d about six inches from the top, and across the mid- dle of tne vat. 5th. The Handlers, Claivs or Hooks, are for ma- naging the cloth in the dye, (for no air mustfcbme to the cloth wliile in the dye). The claws are macfe •with wooden handles ; the hooks of iron in an ov4l form, half round, and notches in the hooks like saw t«eth, for the purpose of catching hold of the cloth. |2 dter's coMPAieiow. To Jit Cloths for Dying, In the first place scour the grease well out of the cloths. Take about thirty yards of cloth to a fold oi' draft, hoMng prepared, in your copper, about two barrels of Avater, with four ounces of pearl-ash ilxrein ; in this liquor run and prepare your cloth 'or the vat about eight or ten minutes ; then roll it cut and let it drain. Tlien fold it up smooth on the side of the vat, that it may go in open ; toss the f nd over the cross-bar, and let a person on the other side w ith his handlers be ready to poke it doivn, and Jet it be done quick and lively. When the cloth is all in the vat, take the other end back again, by pulling it hand over hand, very lively, till you arrive at the other. Then slaift sides, and manage in this manner till ready for taking out ; which will be in ten or twelve minutes, if the dye is ripe and hot. But judg-ment must be used in this case ; when the dye is weak and cool, it is necessary xm keep the ckith in an hour or more ; In taking the cloth out of the vat, it is necessary to use dispatch. The utensils for this pui-pose are ^o crooked irons passed just above the vat, so that two men may put the cloth thereon, as taken out of the vat ; then a windlass for the purpose of wringing the cloth as dry as conveniently can be 4*nc, Hang your cloth then in the opcH air, till BTK&'S COMPAXIOIT; IS it w perfectly cool. At the same time, if you have more cloth, prepare it as described before in the copper of pearlash water. This process must l?e observed every time the cloth is dipped in the vat. Two dressings are commonly sufficient for colouring the first time ; then air and rincc, and this will be a pretty good blue — and full and manage ^s you do cloths to prepare them for colouring. However, your dye must not be crowded too fast at first. If y©ufind your dye does not colour fast enough, cover and rake, and let it stand an hour or two ; beinj careful to keep the vat covered, excepting when the cloth is in : work the dye till it is cool, then heat it again. If all your cloths are not coloured for full- ing ; heat your dye again in the copper or other u- tcnsil, nearly to boiling heat, then turn it into the vat and cover it up ; add two pounds of pearlash, rake well, and let it stand ten or twelve hours ; then rake it, and let it stand two hours, when it will be fit for work. Let the die be worked as long as it will colour well ; then manage as before until the dye is reduced. Recruit as before in setting, and manage in the same manner till your cloths are all coloured. Only omit two pounds of potash and one pound of indigo out of the quantity ; and the dye ijiust stand to come to work, which will probably B 1* DTEr's COMrANIOH. be sooner than at first ; caution must be used ab«ut working it too soon. The cloths when fulled and prepared for colour- jng-, must be managed as at first, and run till they suit. After you have done coloring, open your vat, rake well, and give tlie dye all all the air you can. Let it stand, and it may be kept good for ma- ny years, if rightly managed : After it has been recruited several times, it will be necessary to dip off the dye carefully,50 as not to disturb the sediment or lees, and throw it away. When the dye has been standing a long time, it is necessary to throvi^ away the lees, for they will have a tendency to in^ jure the dye, and the colour will not be so bright if they i-emain in the vat. The dye will not come to Avork so soon as if the sediment had remained in the vat, and it ought not to be disturbed excepting when it is necessary to dispense with some of the lees. The dyer being careful to manage according to these directions, will have the best mode of dying cloth blue known by me. To color yarn or wool in this dye, the yarn must be hung loose in the dye, and the wool be put loose into a nett and then immersed. "When the goods arc dyed, hare them immedi- ately rinced in clear water j when drycd, take twelve I)YEll*S COMPAVlOM. 15 gallons of warm -water to one pound of hard soap dissolved, and one pint of beef gall ; tvet the cloth wth this, and let it run in the mill eight or ten minutes, then rince it with fair vf&ttv till perfectly clean, and it will prevent the goods from crscUing, lee. 2rf. ANOTHER METHOD FOR BLUE. The best to dye Yam or Wool. X O set a tub of 6 gallons, take five gallons of good old sig, to which add 2 gills of spirits, half 9, pound of good indigo made fine ; put it in a bag, wet it, and rub it out in the dye, then add two oun- ces of pcarlash, and 2 ounces of good madder ; stir and mix it all togctlier, let it stand 24 hours ; then add half a pint of wheat bran, stir it up till well mixed together, let it stand 24 hours longer, and if your dye does not come to work by this time, stir it as often as once in two or three hours, but do not apply your goods before your copper scum and froth rises, and the dye looks greenish when drop- ping, and your yam or wool looks greenish when applied to the dye, which are symptoms that your dye is in good order tor use ; but you must be cau- tious not to croud your dye too full, for many blue dyes are destroyed in this way. Be careful also a- bout reducing your dye too low j always keep ini* 14 dyer's compavigk. go in the bag,rubbing it out when necessary ; and you need not stop your dye to recruit it after it has come to work ; but make your additions when you take your goods out, as you find it necessary. Wring out the goods, stir your dye well together, cover it close, and place it where it will keep lukewarm. It will not dye so quick as the other dye, but it will make a superior blue. It is commonly from two to three days in colouring for a deep blue. N. B. The yarn or wool should be wet in warm sig, before it is put in the dye, and the tub cover- ed close, &c. 5i. AXOl'HER METHOD FOR BLUE. J. AKE half a pail full of good ashes, two quarts of stone lime, and as much sig as to run through three gallons of liquor ; add two ounces of good in- digo made fine, four ounces of good madder, and half a pint of wheat bran ; stir and mix it well to- gether, let it stand two days, then stir it up, and put in half a pint of good emptines. Let it stand 34 hours, and your dye will be fit for work. Dire^ions to he chfcrved in common Co- louring. EVERY person that understands his business knows what utensils are necessary for the busines» dtjbr's companiom. It in colouring ; however, I will give a brief dcscrip* tion of those commonly used. The first thing necessary is the copper kettle ; 1 say co/ifier kettle, because it is most commonly used in all hot dyes, and all hot dyes may be coloured in the copper, and I shall mention no oth- er in the following receipts. Block tin or brass, are better for red and yellow, than the copper ; and iron the best for black or green ; but this I leave to the discretion of those in practice. The size ought to be from two to four barrels, according as your business requires. In setting the kettle, reference should be had to convenience of heating and work- ing. The Reel, as it is commonly called, which i» used for managing the cloth in the dye, is conduct- ed over and over in the dye, being turned by a nvench ; and the cloth is poked down and spread o- pen by a stick about three feet long. The cloth al- ways should be tended lively when in the dye. (The time the cloth is to be in these dyes, will hereafter be described.) "When the cloth has been a sufficient time in th« dye, then real or wind it up ; let it drain a few mi- nutes, then take it out in the open air, and spread it till perfectly cool ; and tliismustbe the manage- . jnent everj time the cloth is .dipped. JNevcr add Ba 18 ctek's compamiok. any dye-slnfF or water when the cloth is in the dye ; but when added, stir and mix the dye well together before the cloth is put in. The cloth should be per- fectly cool in order to make the colours bright, have the kettle well cleaned. The most common form I practice, is to rince the dye well off, then take some ashes and a swab, and rub it well and rince it clean, and it will answer for most colours. But if it does not appear bright enough, then tfeke half a gill of Oil of vitricl, and rub in the same manner as before ; rinc; clean, &c. To clean a Copper. TAKE four ovmces of allum, two quarts of vi- negar, and two ounces of oil of vitriol ; put theia all together, heat them boiling hut, aJid put them into your kettle ; wash it well with a swab, rince it with V'Hler clean, and it will be fit for any dyca. I .i GE,VERAL RULE. SHALL lay it down as a general rule, to take 20 yds. or 16 lbs. weight for the quantity of cloth, for which to proportion the dye-stuff. However, any quantity of cloth or goods may be coloured by the following receipts ; only in the like proportion stt before mentioned : and another thing; is to be ob- l)tER*S COMPANION. Itf serred, the different states of the dyes, by giving all your goods an equal chance in the dye ; for most of colours the dye is good for nothing for that cc* lour after the colour is done. Alh. FOR BLUE, TO 20 yds of fulled cloth, take four pounds of good logwood chips ; fill your cojiper with fair wa- ter, add the logwood, and boil well till the strength is out ; then add one pound of good madder and one pound of allum ; let it simmer together fifteen min- utes, but not boil, (for the madder ought never to boil) run your cloth twenty or thirty minutes, roll out and air it ; let the dye simmer a few minutes, then run it again as before, with the heat of the dye increasing, about thirty minutes: air it, and the cloth will then appear of a purple cast or shade. Then take two ounces of verdigrease pul- verised fine ; then take one piut of sig ; put them into a proper vessel, and simmer them together ■with constant stirring, tilfwell mixed and dissolved ; then add this to your dye, with two gallons of sig, and two ounces of blue vitriol ; boil them mode- rately together about 15 minutes, then stop your dye from boiling, and stir well together, then run your cloth about thirty minutes : run in this man- ner till the colour suits, and you will have a finT£ll S CCVMPAKIOV. SS take the chips out of the dye, then add of your blue- ing, run your all cloths, add of your blueing j^nd yellow die, having your die hot and well mixed to- gether — run your cloth, and add of your compound and yellow die, by little and little, well mixed and stirred together ; and if the colour does not appear bright enough, frequently add a little allum, keep it in much longer, and this will give lustre to your colour. — This is the best method of dyeing a bright green, I believe, in the world, or the best I ever knew. Green requires the judgment of the dyer to pre- vent one colour from overrunning the other, other- wise tlie colour will appear dull, and never can be made bright. But follow the receipt with care and judgment, and you will have a very fine green, lOifi. FOR GIiE£M TO ttvcnty yards of cloth, take five pouads of good fiistick chips, boil well, then add two ounces of allum, run your cloth till a good yellow ; then add of your blueing half a pound, run your cloth twen- ty or thirty minutes, then air, and add a little cop«- peras and a little logwood ; let it boil a few minutes, run again, and handle till your colour pleases. 8i bter's compa:f ay ; but you cannot if done in the way of receipt No. iO. It must be observed, thc\t there caBHOt be DYEH'S COMPANIOK. 31 any great quantity of cloth or goods managed in tliese preparations at once, without shifting the li- quor ; for the dye-stufT that is extracted from the cloth will overpower the preparation that dissolves the colour. I have destroyed a black of the best kind, and made a good yellow, in this way. 23i. SCARLET RED. TO twenty yards of cloth, take one pound of good fustick, a quarter of a pound of tarmerick, six ounces of aqua foitis, and half a pound of argal or red tartar, which boil till the strength is well out, (the copper being clean as psssible, and tlie water fair) then run your cloth two hours with tiae dye boiling ; then air, rince and shift your liquor from your copper, and fill with clsan water ; heat boil- ing hot, then take one peck of wheat bran Avet witli vinegar, and after standing twelve hours, put it in a bag, and boil Avell one hour; let it drain, and squeeze it as dry as you conveniently can, run your cloth SO minutes, air, rince and shift your liquor from your copper ; clean your copper as clean as possi- ble, fill with fair water, and heat boiling hot ; then add five ounces of cochineal made fine, one ounce of Ted arsenick, two ounces and an half of aqua fortis, two ounces of gum armoniack ; boil this together till the strength is well out j then rtjn yoar clotfa 32 DYEIl's COMPAXtGJ:. •with the dye boiling, run till your t,o!our suits, and you">viiI have a fine scarlet. ^.Uh. SCJRLET RED. To twenty yards of cloih, take one prck of wheat bran wet with vinegar, let it stand twelve Iiours ; fill your copper -with wat'^r, heat boiling hot ; put the bran pudding into a bag, let it boil one hour, then run your cloth with the dye boiling, forty min- u'es ; then add a quarter of a pound of aqua fortis, three quarters of a pound of argal or red tartar ; run forty minutes more witii the dye boihng, then air, riiir.e and shift your liquor from your copper and fiU with water ; add one pound of fiistick, and a quarter of a pound of tarmcrick, boil this one hour ; then run your clotli one hour with the dye boiling, air, rinceand shift the liquor from your copper ; fill with water, heat boiling hot ; then add six ounces of cochineal pulverised, three ounces of aqua fortis, and one ounce of armoniac ; let it boil well fifteen minutes ; run your cloth one hour with your dye boiling, and you will have a fij^ scarlet. 25th. CRTMSOT^ RED. TO twenty yards of cloth, take three quarters of ^ pound of allum, three quai'ters of a pound of cream Dtxr's comfaniok> 33 of tartar, and three quarters of a pound of argal ;, pulverise these and mix them together ; fill your eopper with fair water, lieat boiling hot, and add Uiis compound ; stir and mix it well with the boil-' ing water ; then run your cloth one hour boiling ; then air, rince and shift your liquor ; fill with fair water, heat boiling hot, then take half a pound of cochineal, and half a pound of cream of tartar, mix- ed and pulverised together; then add one half of the cochineal and tartar ; run your cloth three quarters of an hour with the dye boiling ; then air and add of this compound by little and little, with your dye boiling, till the colour is well raisetlon the red ; then take half a pound of the spirits of sal armoniac, and run your cloth three quarters of an hour, and this will give it the crimson hue. This is a true crim-, son, and permanent. i %&th, FOR CRIMSOJ/ RED, TO twenty yards of cloth ; take three quarters of a pound of fustick, a quarter of a pound of Tarme- rick, five ounces of aqua fortis, fill your copper with water, add this, and boil well, till the strength 'i% well out ; run your cloth one and an half hours with your dye boiling ; then air, rince, and shift your li- quor from your copper, and wash clean : fill with fair water, heat boiling hot, then take fbur and an- 34 oyer's cosiPAMloir. half ounces of cochineal, 8c four and Mthalf (junces of cream of tartar, pulverised togethev ; add this W the water, ■w'ith a quarter of a pound of aqua fortis, and three ounces of tarmeriek, in which boil and handle your cloth, run one hour, then take half a pound of spirits of sal armoniac, or good old sig, to bioom with ; in this handle, v»'ith the dye boiling, till your colour pleases. ilth. FOR RED WITH RED-WOOD OR ^YI- CJRAGUJ. TO tvrenty yards of cloth ; take ten pounds of red-wood or Nicaragua chips, and boirmoderately in good clean water one hour ; then add one poiuid df allum, run your cloth forty minutes, then air and let the dye steep in the same manner as it did before ; and run again, adding a little alluna every time you dip ; and manage in this form till your colour suits your fancy. Red-wood or Nicara- gua raay be mixt together or used separately, just aifr the dyer thinks fit and proper. I commonly use both toq:ether. 28.'A. CRIMSO.y RED WIT/I RED-WOOD. TO twenty yards of cloth, take eight pounds of red wood, boil >^'eil, but not fasi., one hour, then add »YlfR's COMPANIOK. 35 half a ppund of allum, run your cloth three quar- ters of an hour, air and let the dye simmer in the same manner as before- ; add a little allum and run your cloth, and manage in this form till the strength is well out of the dye ; then add half a pound of pearl-ash, and handle till your colour pleases. The dyes for red, that are made of red-wood and Nicaragua, raust not be hurried and drove, ror crov/ded too full, because it "vrill destroy the lustre of the red, and the colour will be dull. It is neces- sary the copper and all the utensils should be clean, i9t/i. FOR RED, WITH MADDER. TO twenty yards of cloth, take one peck of wheat bran, boil it in a small kettle with eight gallons of ■water, one hour ; then fill your copper with water, boiling hot ; then add the liquor of the bran, and three and an half pounds of allum, one pound of red argal, boil and run your cloth, (being well scoured and clean) one and an half hours, boiling ; then air and rince your cloth, and shift the liquor from your copper ; fill with fair water, then add eight pounds of madder that is g©od, and heat moderately, with constant stirring, till near scalding hot ; run your cloth three quarters of an hour with a moderate fire, then increase your fire, and bring it nesir a boiling X-: S6 bter's cowpaitiotj. heat, but not l^oilina^r the madder must not boil, jf you '^'^ffl^l^aB* §'"®'^ ^'^^ ' "^'^^'^ ''"" y°"^ sn^rWtil the strength is well out , nWThe colour well raised on thp led ; thfiVfchi^,) u'Ji* liquor from your copper ; fill >\ii:i u ler; and add two and lui half pounds of the l>ebL Bi azih boil well one hour, and add three quar- ters of a pound of allum and run your cloth till youf coloui suits, boiling between each dipping ; and thi^ tyill produce a good red. This colour may be finished in the madder dye without shifting the dye, by adding two gallons of lant or sig. After the colour is well raised in the madder, run your cloth thirty minutes, and it will answer, ' • . " ',' ■■•' « ■ The best is with Brazil, but it is more lengthy, and the Twlou.r is brighter than with the sig ; so I leave it to the discretion of the dyer. ZOtk. FOR MERROOjV RED. . TO twenty yards of cloth, take six quarts of wheat bran, wet with vinegar, let it stand twelve hours, and sour; put it in a bag, fill your copper .urith water, heat boiling hot, and boil ti>e pudding two hour^ i then take it out and let it drain ; squeeze fetKIt*S COMPAMIdlf. S? «s ^ry as you can convenie^tteij^flien add one and an half pounds of allum, ^i0i. halT a powid, of rert • argal matle fine, run your ckith one hcrur boilings «ir and let it lie all night and souf*|Jiph rince your cloth, shift your liquor from your ^pper,'"fttic! fill it irith fair water ; when warm, add ten poim^s of good raadder and four quarts of wheat bran, con- stantly stirring until it is near boiling, but not boiling, for madder must not l^il ; run your cloth and manage in this manner till the strength is well ©ut of the dye, and the red well raised, then add one gallon of lant or sig, and handle till your colour pleases. tut. POR POLISHED RED XVlTit MADDER, TO twenty yards of cloth, teke tliree and an half pounds of nutgalls pulverised, put them in the cop^ per, and fill the copper about half full of water, put the galls in, let it boil till the strength is well out } then fill the copper with cold water ; see that your dye is not hotter than scalding hot ; then add five, $ix, or seven pounds of the. best madder, in pro* portion to the shade required ; let it simmer witk a small fire one hour, with frequent stirring ; thea run your cloth thirty minutes, air and run again with the heat increasing ; run till the strength it "Well out of the dye, and the colour well raised ca D ♦8 btek's compakion. the red. The dye must steep between each dip* ping, fifteen or twenty minutes, with the heat in- creasing, but not boiling, for it will destroy the substance ef the madder to let it boil. If your co- lour is not dark enough, add a Jittle pot-ashts or pearl-ashes, and handle till your coloMr pleases } fiHd you ^yill have a fine polished rec^, -4" 32rf. FOR PORTABLE RED, TO twenty yards of cloth, take one pound of fus» tick, and three quarters of a pound of allum, fill your copper with water, heat boiling hot, run your cloth, after the strength is out of the fustick, run three quarters pf ?in hour ; shift your copper, fill with fair water, and then add six pounds of red- wood, let it boil moderately one hour, then add three quarters of a pound of allum, run your cloth 40 minutes ; then air, and let the dye simmer one and an half hours, and run your cloth as before ; then afir and take out the chips, and add one and an half ounces of cochineal, and three ounces of aqua fortis ; run again with the dye boiling, 40 minutes ; to bloom, take six or eight ounces of spirits of sal armoniac, or good old big ; and your cloth will be • good colour by handling in this half an hour. fttKK'S COMPANIOK. ti S3rf. FOR CLARET RED. To twenty yards of cloth, take tAVo pounds of fustick chips, fill your copper with water, boil well, then add one pound of allum, boil, run your cloth one hour boiling, then air, rince, and shift youf copper ; fill with fair water, add eight pounds of red-wood, boil well, and add half a pound of allum ; run your cloth one hour, then air, let the dye steep' one hour, and run again, adding a little allum \ manage in this manner until the strength is well out of the dye, and the colour well raised on the red ; then add two ounces of aqua fortis, killed with pew« ter or block tin, as described in receipt 18th, run your cloth thirty minutes with the dye boiling ; then add two gallons of sig to bloom, handle till your co- lour pleases, and you will hav'e a fine claret red. Uth. FOR CLARET. TO twenty yards of cloth, take twelve poundd of barwood, boil well, then add half a pound of al- lum, run your cloth until the strength is well out of the dye, about thirty minutes to a dipping, boiling between each dipping as much as is necessary to get the strength out of the barwood : when the co- lour Is well raised on the red, then add a quarter of a pound of logwood, and a quarter ®f a pound «jf 4* btea's «ompakiok. copperas mixed together, and handle until your co- Jour pleases. • '^ ' 55/A. FOR MJDDER RED TO BE DYED 4 CLARET. TO twenty yards of cloth, take one pound of logwood, fill with fair water, boil well, run your cloth, and sadden with copperas until your colour' pleases. 4? — * S6M. FOR SCARLET TO BE DYED CLA- RET OR A.YY DARK COLOUR. To colour twenty yards of cloth ; fill your cop- per with water, heat boiling hot, then add one pound of copperas ; nm your cloth, air, and run it again ; then shift your liquor from your copper, rince it, ?nd fill with water ; then add one and an half pounds of logwood, boil well twenty minutes, then run your cloth till your colour pleases ; and you will have a ' fine claret that is durable. This is the only way that scarlet can be colourad a darker colour. By running it in the copperas wa- ter first, you may dye it almost any dark colour you phase \ for the copperas will destioy all tlie acidous IDYEU'S COMPANION, 41 power that the scarlet is made by and depends up* on ; but until the power of the acid is deslroyedt you cannot strike any colour through, so but that it "will remain red in the middle of the cloth. I have coloured scarlet black completely through, and almost all other dark colours, by the help of copperas. t7tlu FOR CHERRY COLOUR. TO twenty yards of cloth, take seven and an half pounds of Barwood, boil well, and add a quarter of. a pound of allam : then run your cloih one hour : au' and add two pounds of Brazil, and boil till the strength is well out ; run your cloth again as before till the colour is well raised on the red, then add two quarts of sig or lant, and handle till your colour pleases. 38;A, FOR VIOLET COLOURS. ' TO twenty yards of cloth, take four pounds of Brazil, and one and a quarter pounds of log-wood ; boil well, and add three quarters of a pound of al- lumj then run your cloth thirty minutes, air, and Da 4S OYE&'S COMPANIOK. let it steep till the strength is well out ; then nia again as before, then add tiifee quarts of lant or sig, with the dye liot and well naxcd together ; run your cloth, and handle till your colour pleases. Twenty shades of violet colour may be produced, by varying the lo^vood and braziilctto. The fur- ther management of this dye, I have left to the fan- cy of the dyer, for the colour Avill be beautiful, al- most equal to cochineal and indigo. You may use peach-wood in part, instead of all brazilletto, if you like. It will be less expensive than all brazilletto ; but this I leave to your own choice. "h- ^9ih. FOR FIJVJC COLOUR. For twenty yards of cloth, fill your copper with feir water, heat boiling hot, then add two pounds of allum, and one pound of argal ; in this boil and run your cloth oxxe. hour, then aiv, rince and shift your copper ; fill with water, and sdd two pounds of l»adder. L«t it heat moderately, with often stir- ring, till near boiling hot, run your cloth one hour { ^)d you will have a good colour of the liiad* DTER S COMPANIOK. -It. AOth. FOR FLESH COLOUR, TO twenty yards of cloth, take one and an half bushels of black birch, and half a bushel of hemlock bark, boil well till the strength is well out ; then add a quarter of a pound of allum, run your cloth one hour, and handle, and you will have a good co« lour of the kind. ^ 4I*r. FOR ORJAGE COLOUR. TO twenty yards of cloth, take two pounds -of fustick chips, 3 ounces of argal, and half a pound of allum, boil till the strength is well out of the fus- tick, then run your cioth, with tlie dye boiling, one hour ; then air, rioce, and shift the llciuor from your copper, and fill with fair v/ater j then add two and three quarters pounds of red-wood, two and three quartei's pounds of madder, three quarters of ^ pound of allumj and two ounces of aqua fortia ;, let it boil moderately, with often stirring, till the strength is well out; then run your cloth one hour; then axid one and an half ounces of arsenick, and h^alf an ounce of cochineal, and this will bind the co- lour. In this run and handle till your coio^ff ipleasesi ■♦4 DYfitl's C0MPA3*I0T/. 42c/, FOR ORAJYGE. To twenty yards of cloth, take eiii;ht pounds of fustick, and four pounds of red-wood, and boil well ; then add half a pound of allum, run your cloth thir- ty or forty minutes, then air, and let the dye steep a wiiile, then run again till the strength is well out of the dye ; then add one gallon of sig to bind ; and handle till your colour suits. 4* ■ 43f/. 2^0 R BROIVjY. TO twenty yards uf cloth, take two bushels of butternut bark, fill with water, heat moderately, let it steep, (but not boiling) till the strength is well out of 1 lie bark ; then run your cloth three quarters t/f an hour 4 and air and run again with the dye hot, but not boiling, (for ly.iUng the bark dcatroys part of the lustre of the colour which the bark gives) but run in this nuinncr till the strength is well out of the dye, then air and take the bark out of your dye ; ' then add a quarter of a pound of copperas and two quarts of sig, and mix the dye well together ; run your cloth with your dye boiling fifteen or twenty Thinutes, and handle in this manner till your colour pleases. Various shades may be produced in this dycj, bjj' dter's covfKmos, 4i ▼arying the bark and copperas ; sometimes i-noro of one sort, and sometimes less ; and thus by changing the order of them, different shades will appear.- Dry bark and f^veen will make a different shade ; boiling Jind not boiling will have the same effect. ^ Thu» I lefXy« it to the discretion of the dy- er, to vary them as he or she pleases, to aiiawer tJie shade or -^iiades reciuired. FOU LO.YDO.Y JiJROWJV OR CORBEAU ' ...- ., WITH CJMWOOD. TO twenty yards of cloth, taice five pounds of good ground camv/ood, fill your copper with fair water, heat boiling hot, let your camwood boil a- few m'nutesj tlien run your cloth thirty minutes; air and run again in the same manner as before ; air and add ho.If an ounce of blue vitriol, and a quar- ter of pound of oil of vitriol,* boil well five or si3t minutes, then run your cloth twenty or thirty min» * When oil of vitriol is applied to any hot liquor, you must before you put it in the dye, put seven eighths of cold water to it, and then it will heat near boiling hot with the cold water ; but if you put m otherwise, it will make the hot liquor fly in a shock- ing manner, and the dj«f wiU be in danger of be« ing scalded. 4(1 ftYER*S COMPANXOK. utes more ; then take one pound of copperas di»» solved in vinegar hy constant stirring on the fire, (but be sure and not let it boil, for it ■«":il spoil the dye) then add the copperas by hide and little, the dye boihng, and run a? before, and handle till your colour plcasss. If it is not dark enough for the cor- beau. take two ounces of verdigrease made fine, and dissolved in sig or vinegar on the fire, by often stir- ring, as described in receipt 4th ; add this with one pound of logwood chips ; boil wcii, and handle in this manner till your colour suits, F-OT^ietimes it is required to be very dark, then these darkening matei-Jals must be applied according to the judg- ment of the dyer, kc, ^5th. FOR LO.YDOA" BROJVA^ OB CORBEAU, WITH XICARAGUA. TO twenty yards of cloth, take e ight pounds of Nicaragua, and half a pound of fusiick ; boil well, and add half a pound of allum, run your cloth till the strength is wel! out of the dye, and the colour VftW raised on the red, then add half an ounce of blue vitriol, and half a gill of oil of vitriol, and four quarts of sig, run your cloth 30 minutes ; then add half a pound of logwood, boil well, add one ounce of verdigrease, pulverised and dissolved, as in receipt 2So. 4, run your clotli tweiuy minutes i then ad^ iter's comfaniok. 47 copperas by litlle and little to sadden ; and handle iill your colour pleases. ■4'- 46rA. LOJ^DON' BROWA OR CORBEAU WITH RED' no OD, TO twenty yards of cloth, take two pounds of fastick chips, tjpil well, and add one pound of al- lum, run your cloth boiling three quarters of an hour ; air and rince, and shift your copper, then fill with water, and add ten pounds of red-wood " chips ; let it boil moderately one hour ; then add half a pound of allum, run your cloth forty minutes, air, and let the dye steep one hour, and run again as before ; and handle in this manner till you have a good red ; (you must be cautious not to drive the dye too fast, and add a little allum now and then if necessary) and till the strength is well out of the dye: then add one gallon of sig or urine, run your cloth half an hour, then add one and an half pounds of logwood chips, boil well, then add two ounces of rerdigrease made fine and dissolved in one pint of Tinegar, as described before, and handle till your cor .lour pleases. 48 UTEH'S COMPAHIO*. A7th. LO.YDO.y BROW^. TO twenty yards of cloth, take two |x)unds oF fustick and seven pounds of red- wood chips, boil moderately one hour, then add half a pound of al- luni, run your cloth three quarters of an hour, then slacken the heat of your dye, and add three pounds of madder ; let it stand and sirnmer with of- ten stirring hgjf an hour, run your cloth one hour, and if the strength is not out of the dye, run again. The cloth must be a good red befoi-e you sadden j 4:hcn add copperas to-sadden with by little and little, till vour colour suits. 48/A. FOE LG.VI>OJ^ BROWM TO twenty yards of cloth, take four pounds of fustick chips, boiT well, then add half a pound of allum ; then run yeuf cloth one hour boiling, then air and rince, and shift your copper, and fill with imr water ; then add six pounds of red-wood chips, boil well, a^d lialf a pound of allum, run yourclo(l» one hour, then add one and an Ivilf pouiKls of mad- der, let it simmer half an hour, then run your cloth one hour, then add three quarters of a pound of logwood chips, boil well, then add two gallons of eig ; then run your cloth and handle till youi* C0» lour pleases. A9tb, FOR REDDISH BROWJV. TO twenty yards of cloth, takb one and anlialf pounds of fustick, boH well, and add a quarter of a pound of allum, in which run your clolh one hour, boiling ; air and rince your cloth, shift your liquor from your copper, and fill with fair water, then add iiine pounds of j-cd-wood ; let it boll well, then add half a pound of allum, run your cloth one hour, then add a quarter of a pound of pearl-ashes and a quar- ter of a pound of allum ; run yourcloth half an hour, and this will be a good red ; then add one ounce of arsenick and a quarter of a pound of argal ; run your cloth three quarters of an hour, then add two g-al- lons of good old sig, and handle till youi* colour pleases, aad you will have a fine colour. 50.'//. FOR SPJJ^ISH BROJVjV. TO twenty yards of cloth, take one bushel 'of* butternut bark, and one bushel of walnut bark, hmV well, run your cloth one hour, then take the bark' out of the dye, and add half a pound of copperas ; i-un your cloth forty minutes ; then air and rincc, and shift ydiir li(]iTor from your copper ; fill with fair water, aitd iidd two' pounds of fustick chips ;' boil well, then add half a pound of allum, rnnwyom* cloth one hour, and air and rince, and shift your U- id »YEU's COMPANIOW. quor from your copper, fill with fair water, and add qght pounds of red-wood ; boil well and add half a pound of allum, run your cloth one hour ; then add two ounces of oil of vitriol, killed with the flow- er of brimstone ; run your cloth half an hour; then add half a pound of logwood, and boil well, then add two gallons of good old sig ; aiid handle tjU your colour pleases. 51»^ FOR LOjVDOA' smoke. TO twenty yards of cloth, take eight pounds of ftistick chips, boil well, then add a quarter of a pound of allum ; run your cloth half an hour, then add one and an half bushels of good butternut bark, boil mor derately till the strength is well t»ut, then run your clt)th one hour with the dye hot ; then if the strength is well out of the dye, take the bark and chips out of the dye, and add three pounds of Nicaragua wood, or red-wood, and one and an half pounds oi logwood chips, boil well thirty minutes ; then ru» your cloth one hour, then add one gallon of sig, run twenty minutes with the dye boiling, then add one and aij half or two pounds of copperas, and run to your liking ; and this will be a colour equal to a bluefoB strength, 8cc. dyer's companion. 51 52d. CI^jYJMOA BROjrM f O twenty yards of cloth, take four pounds of fiistick, and three pounds of red-wood chips, or Ni- caragua, boil well, then add half a pound of allum ; tun your cloth one hour, then slack the heat of yoilr dye, and add four pounds of good maddei' ; let 5t simmer half an hour ; then add half a pound of al- lum, run your cloth one hour ; then add two ounc- es of copperas, and two gallons of sig ; and handl* ^ith the dye hot, till your colour' pleases. iSf/. FOR SMOKE BROWjY. TO twenty yards of cloth, take six pounds of fus* lick chips, and three pounds of ground camwood, boil well till the strength is well out } then nm your cloth one hour, then add three and aa half pounds of coarse ma^lder ; let it simmer twenty minutes ; then run your cloth half an hour ; then add half a pound of copperas, and handle till your •olour pleases. S4lh. FOR LIFER BROWjV, TO twenty yards of cloth, take eight pounds of fustick chips,and two pounds of red-wood chips,boj| ^3 DYEn's COMPAXION. well one hour, and run your cloth forty minutes ; then add four pounds of mull, or coarse niadder.and Iv/o quarts of rotton wood of oak, boil moderately, and run your cloth one hour ; then add aU or eijjht ounces of copperas, and handle till your coloiu* pleases. SSth. FOR OLIVE BROWX, TO twenty yards of cloth, take five pounds of fustick chips, boil -well, run your cloth one hour, then add one bushel ef butternut bark ; boil well, but moderately, one hovir ; then run your cloth one hovu', or till the strength is well out of the dye ; then trJ^e the bark and chips out of the dye, and add six ounces of copperas, and handle till your colour pluses. 5C.'/i. FOii'dLirJEBROUVy'. TO tv.'enty ysrdri of cloth, take si:; pounds of fus- tic chips, and one pound lofMgwood, boil well, and run your gbth harf-siJ,haur { ^htnadd one pound of m: ' ' it siTTimer half an hour, then run your Ho "re ; thin add a quarter of a pound of ibymick ov.biucia^>-s>tir and mix it well with the J)YER*S COMPANION. 53 tlyc) and run your cloth twenty minutes ; th^n add one and an half pounds of logwood, and one gallon of sig ; run your cloth as before, add six ounces of copperas, and handle till your colour pleases* srth. FOR OLIVE BROWjW To twenty yards of cloth, take seven pounds of fustick chips, three quarters of a pound of logwood, and half a pound of madder ; boil well one hour, then run your cloth one hour, then add half a pound of chymick or blueing, and run your cloth twenty- minutes ; then add two quarts of sig, and run again as before ; then add two ounces of copperas, and handle till your colour pleases. 5Sr^. FOR A LIGHT SJ^UFF BROWjY. TO twenty yards of cloth, take eight pounds of fustick chips, and four pound* of redwood or Nica- ragua ; boil Avell an hour and a half, then add a quarter of a pound of allum ; run your cloth thirty minutes, then air and run again till the strength is well out of the dye ; then add one gallon of sig, run your cloth half an hour, then take one peck of soot scraped from the chimney, put it into a tub, and put E 2 Si dyer's COM?ANlOfr. t^vo pails full of your dye to it ; stiv it well to.^ether, and let it stand and settle ; then pour off the liquor moderately, and add it to your dye ; run your cloth, und handle till your colour suits, j 59rh. FOR SjYUFF BROJVJV, TO twenty yards of cloth, take four pounds of fuslick cliips, and boil well ; then add a quarter of a pound of allum, and run your cloth half an h®ur ; add five pounds of redwood, boil -tvell, and then add half a jxjund of allum ; run your cloth as before till the strength is well out of your dye, then addaquar- ter of a poiwid: of argal, and handle till your colour ple^ises. :60t/i. FOR DARK SXUFF BROIVX. TO' twenty yards of cloth, take six pounds of fus- tick chips, and boil well, then add a quarter of a' l?ound of allum ; run your cloth one hour, then add two pounds of ground camwood, and one and aa half pounds of madder, and let it simmer half an hour ; run your cloth one hour, then add half a pound of copperas, or more, if the colour is not dark enough j aad iiandle till your colour pleases% bter's companion. 5S Gist. FOR S!^UFF SROWJ\, TO twenty yards of cloth, take three quarters o^ u bushel of butternut bark, and three quarters of a bushel of walnut bark, boil well one hour, but mo- derately ; run your cloth one hour, then if the strength is well out of the bark and dye, take the bark out of the dye, and add one pound of copperas to sadden with ; run your cloth three quarters of an hour, air ami rince your cloth and shift your li- quor from your copper, wash clean and fill with fair water ; then add four pounds of fustick chips, boil well, and then add half a pound of allum ; run your cloth half an hour ; then add five pounds of redwood chips, boil one hour, and add a quarter of a pound' of alluni ; run your cloth ihree quarters of an hour ; Itt it steep, and run, till the strength is well out of the dye. To sadden, take one gallon of sig, and handle, Sec. 62c/. FOR SAUFF BROTFA. TO twenty yards of clvood > y^ 1toYEU*S COMPANION-. ^^ boil Well till the strength is well o'titbf the dye-wood, .but not fast ; or the madder may be omitted till the strength is boiled out of the logwood and fastick, and then let it simmer a short timcl then add six oun» ces of ahum, run your cloth one hour, air, and run again, till the strength is well out of the dye ; then add half a pound of copperas to sadden, or more if it is not dark enough; and handle till your colour pleases. ■ t ^ •>'• .«» 65//i. FOR JDJT-WIJVG BROWA. TO twenty yards of cloth, take one and an half pounds of fustick, and four pounds of good logwood, boil, well, and then add one and an half pounds of good madder, and six ounces pf ahum ; let it sim- mer half an hour, then run your cloth one hour ; tvdd eight or ten ounces of copperas,' aftd ofie'quar^ of lant, then rim and handle till your colour pleases. • If you wish to alter the shade of this coloiir, you may add five or six pounds of logwood, and less fus- tic, and you may have the colour to suit your iancy, ^B Iter's comfaxiok. Uth, FOR SLATE BROVV.Y. To twenty yards ©f cloth, take one bushel of but- ternut bark, boil well and run yoftreloth ene hour; then take out the bark, and add half a pound of cop- peras ; run twenty minutes, air, and run again, and 4dd more copperas if it is not dark enough ; for it requires to be very dark. When dark enough, shift yc^m* copper, scour clean, and rince your cloth; fill with fair water, heat hot, then add three ©uncei of compound or blueing ; run your cloth twenty mi- nuteS) air, and if your colour is not blue enough, add a little more bhteing ; an4 if it is not dark e- nough, and the colour grotvs lighter, then add four or six ounces of legwood, and one ©unee of blue vit-^ riol ; and handle till it suits your fancy. Vrth. FOR DOVE OR LEAD BROfFA, To twenty yards of cloth, take half a pound of chesnut or maple bark, and two ounces of logwood, boil well, then add two ounces of copperas, and a little compound or blueing, (say half an <5uncc) and «tir your dye well together ; run your cloth twenty wiinutes ; then if you find your colour wants alter- ing, it may be done by varying thus ; — If it is not dark enough, add a little more copperas — if not kluc enough, add a Uttleraore blueing — if not bright «T£R'3 COMPANI*ir. 99 enough, add a little more logwoed ; run again, and if it require* nothing, your colour will be finished) $ilk may be dyed iu this. -4^ 68rA, J^OR PEARL OR SILVER GREY, TO twenty yarda of cloth, take four quarts of wheat bran, put it in a bag, and fill your copper with fair water, and boil the pudding an hour amI'Jv half ; then take it out, let it drain, and squeeze it as ^ry as you can ; then add two ounces of allum, let it boil, and skim off the scum that will rise, then fun your cloth one hour ; add four pounds of logwood chips, put them in a bag, and boil well tjll the strength is atcII out, theri take the bag of logwood out of the dye, if you do not, it will spot the cloth ; run your cloth thirty minutes, then add half an ounce of blue vitriol, and handle till your colour pleases. It requires care wivh this colour, as well as all other light colours, that you do not let the cloth touch any thing that will spot it, for there is not much, if any, remedy for a light colour when spot'^ ted ; and all light colours should be dried with the backside to the sim } for the sun is apt to injure thg SOlour. y J&Q »1Ek's COMPANIOlf. €>9t!u FOR J.IGHT BROIVM TO twenty yferds of cloth, take half a peck of liemlock bark, with the sap taken off,- and two oun- ces of logwood chipt>, boil well, run your cloth twen» ty minutes, then add two ounces of copperas, ancl handle till your colour pleases. 7011U FOR AS,H BROWJ\/, TO twenty yards of cloth, take three quarts of white ash bark, three ounces of logwood chips, boil Vfell, run your cloth twenty minutes : then add three ounces of copperas, and handle till your colour pleases. 7l«r. FOR JQRAB BROJVA. TO twenty yards of cloth, take a half peck of ^hesttut or mapic biai"kr green or dry, two pounds; of fustick chips, and two ounces of logwood chips : boil well, then add one ounce of compound of blue- ing, run your cloth twenty minutes : then add two ounces of copperas, and handle till youv colou* pleases^ ; DYERS COMPANIOW. 61 72d, FOR DRAB, TAKE chesnut, black birch, and yello\r oak bark, half a peck of each, boil well, run your cloth, then add theee ounces of copperas ; and handle till your colour pleases. ^ rSoT. FORDRJB. TAKE one quarter of a pound of nutrjalls, made fine, then one quarter of a pound of fustick, boil well, run your cloth ; then add one half an ounce of blue vitriol, two ounces of copperas ; run your cloth fifteen minutes, then add half a jill of oil of vitriol and one oimce of blueing, and stir it well with the dye, run your cloth, and handle till your colour suits. 7Mu FOR DRAB, TAKE six ounces cf nutgalls, pulverised, three ounces of the flour of brimstone, four ounces of al- lum— .put them in fair water, run your cloth one hour ; then sadden with black float, and handle till- your colour suits. F L- ByiEll's COMI'AXIOX. 75th. FOli DRAB. TAKE one and an lialf pounds of fustick, oiie jiound of IcM^-ivood, one quart of rotten -wood of oak, Loii v.clj, then add one half pound of madder, and f nir ounces of allum, boil, run your tiolh twenty lainulcs ; tlivn add three ounces of copperas and one quiiri. of sig, and iiandle till your colour pleases. T.'JLE one and an half pounds of fustick cliij->s, SIX ounces of logwood, boil %vcll ; then add one tjuarter of a pound of allum, run your cloth thirty laiiiutes ; then add three ounees of copperas, an^ liandle till y.our goIouv pleases. mil. FOR FOREST CLOTH. TARE two pounds of fustick chips, six ounces of logwood, boil well, then add seven ounces of chym- ick, run your cloth twenty minutes ; then add three ounces of good madder, two ounces of red tartar, made fir.e — let it smimer fifteen minutes, and run your cloth twenty minutes : then add one gallon of sig, or lar.t, and thirty ounces of copperas, and han- dle till your colour pleases. nVEK S «OMPAM«V. 63 rS.'A. FOR LIVER DRJ3, TAKE one pound of fustlck chips, three pounds of rotten wood of oak, three ounces of banvoo<\, two ounces of logwood chips, one pound of maddei'j boil well, run your cloin twenty minutes ; then add »ix ounces of filings of iron, boil well, run your cloth fifteen minutes : then add six ounces ef logwood, and five ounces ol" copperus, and handle till your co- lour pkasts. 79//;. FOR LIGHT LIVER DRAS. TAKE two ounces of blue galls, one ounce cf logwood, two ounces of alluni, one ounce of cream of tartar, and two ounces of madder : run your cloth fifteen minutes, then add one ounce of coppe- ras, and handle till your colour pleases. — 4^— 80r/;. FOR A MADDER DRAB^ TAKE three pounds of good madder, onepoun4 fcffustick, let it simmer one hour ; then add two ounces of allum, run your cloth half an he ur ; then add one pound six ounces of filings- of iron, boil well, nm your cloth : then add three ourxes of leg- wood, and handle till your colour pleases. 44 dyer's cesifAyiow. 8Ut. FOR A GREEX DRAB. TAKE three quarters of a pound of fustlck, one quarter of a pound of logwood ciiips, boil well, then add hsdf a pound of allum, two ounces of blue- ing : mix it well with the dye, run your cloth thir- ty minutes ; tlien add one ounce of copperas, and handle till your colour suits your fancy. # 82f/. FOR A REDDISH DRAB. TAKE three ounces of allum. lialf a pound of fustick, six ounces of logwood chips, two ounces of madder, one and an hulf pints of rotten wood of oak ; boil well half an hour, run your cloth one hour, stir, sadden with three ounces of copperas ; and handle, till your colour pleases. .^ tZd. FOR REDDISH DRAB. TAKE one and an half pounds of fustick, boil Well ; then add one quarter of a poupd of allum, run your cloth, boiling, one hour, then air and riuce and shift the liquor from your copper, fill with fair water ; then add three and an half pounds of good madder, two ounces of camwood, let it simmer fifteen minutes j then run your cloth twenty DYKU's COMPANION". 65 minutes, then add two ounces of filings of iron, and handle till your colour pleases. 4, . 84^//. FOR LIGHT DRAB. TAKE five ounces of fustick chips, two ounce* of good madder, two ounces of alhini, boil well, run your cloth twenty minutes ; then sadden with twen- ty oinices of copperas, and handle till your colour pleases. 4^- 8 5 /A. FOR YELLOW DRAB. TAKE three quarters of a pound of fustick, two ouares of madder, two ounces of logwood, • boil Well ; then add one quarter of a pound of allum, run your cloth one hour ; then sadden with two ounces of copperas, and handle till your colour pleases. « ^th. FOR A YELL W DRAB, DARK. TAKE two pound of fustick chips, five ounces of logwood chips, boil well, then add five ounces of madder and odc quarter of a pound of allum, run Fa DYEK S eOMPAMOX. your cloth tliirty minufes, then add one quarter of a pound of copperas, and handle till your colour pleas- es. 87;/2. FOR A FOREST FRO JVA\ TAKE six pounds of fustick chips, boil veil : then add two ounces of allumjrun your cloth fifteen minutes ; then add two and an half pounds of log- v»ood, boil well, run your cloth thirty minutes, then sadden till your colour suits, v,iih six ounces of copperas. » ^ J SSt/i. FOR A FlARK FOREST FRO JVJV. TAKE one and an hiUf pounds of logwood, three i;\iiiners of a pound Qf red argal, and three quar- ters of a pound of allum, boil well, run your cloth one hour, boiling ; then add four pounds of good fustick chips, boil well, run your cloth half an hour, and handle till jour colour pleases. f9.'A. FOR PARIS MUD. TAKE your cloth, and dye it a bright lively blu;, bui not Otep j tbeii lince your cloth; and fill i dyer's companion. 67 vouv copper with fair water ; then add six pounds of stcne ragj or the moss of stone, boil well, run your cloth one hour ; then add two ounces of coi> peras, and one quart of sig, and handle till youv colour pleases. 4, 90th, FOR J RAVL^ COLOUR. TO twenty yards of cloth, take two quarts of wheat bran, wet with vinegar ; let it stand two days and sour, then fill your copper with fair watex-, put the bran into a bag, boil well one hour ; then take out the bag and let it drain, then add one pound of madder and one pound of allum ; run your cloth one and an half hours, boiling : then air and fold it up smooth, and wrap it up close, and let it lie twenty-four hours ; then rince, and shift the liquor from your copper, fill with fair water, then add eight pounds of logwood chips, boil well till the strength is well out ; then run your cloth one hour ; then, if you find it necessfiry, add more log- wood — if not, then add one quarter of a pound of copperas, and one gallon oi lant, and handle till your colour pleases. If your colour is not dark enough, ysu may use a little ashes, put \Yith sig j and t^e the lees and put €• bter's COMPAXJOS. in the dye, with a little copperas, and run again.— Lye and sig has the same effcict, and pot-ash or pearl-ashes. 9Ut. FOR CROn\ WITH COPPERAS. TO twenty yards-of cloth, take one and an half pounds of copperas, fill yoi^r copper with water, heat boiling hot ; then run your cloth twenty min- utes, air, and run again as before, then air and rhice your cloth, shift the liquor from your copper, and rince, fill with fair water, heat, and add four pounds of logwood chips, boil well, run your cloth half an hour, then air and run again as before ; then, if your colour is not dark enough, a'ld one ounce of blue vitriol, rvm again, and handle till your colour pleases. — 4^ — • 92flf. For CRoir, with BLUEryrs CoMPousfa. TO twenty yards of cloth — fill your copper with fair water, heat boiling hot, then add one pound of blueing, (made as in receipt No. 6, for Prussian blue) add this at twice or three times, run your cloth twenty minatca at a time, air and stir the blueing PtEH's eOMPANIOW. 69 well with the dye, before the cloth is dipped in the dye ; then add two pounds of logwood chips, boil v/ell, then add one quart-T of a pcmnd of verd.grease pulverised and dissolved in vinegar, as in receipt no, 4 ; then run your cloth half an hour, then add half a pound of copperas, run again, air, and if it is not dark enough, add more copperas, and handle till your colour suits your fancy. §3^, For CroWj wii"!! S Luz Vitriol* TO twenty yards of cloth — Fill yOTU' copper with water, heat scalding hot, take half a pound of blue vitriol, let it dissolve, run your cloth forty mi- nutes, ni two parts : then add five pounds of log- wood chips, boil well, run your eloth thirty min- utes, air aiid run again, and handle till your colour, pleases. 94M. FOR BLACK. TO twenty yards of cloth — Fill your copper \Tith water, heat, and add two pounds of copperas ; heat near boiling, nm your cloth twenty minutesj then air and run again, boiling the time as before J air and rince, and shift the liquor from your copper 7» DTER 8 COMPANIO.V. (rince joxiv copper ckan) and fill with water, and acid SIX poundsof logwood chivs, boil well, run yciiv cloth thirty or f«ity minutes, let it boil again fiftetn or twenty minutes; then run again as before ; then add one quarter of a pound of blue vitriol, run your cloth, boiling, three quarters of an hour ; then, if it is hot black enough, nui again, «nd handle till ycul' colour pleasit-s. This is the best form to dye a black, I think, in the world ; it is equal to any for briijhtncss, and without the least danger of rotting the cloth ; and the colour is lasting and permanent as a blue or scarlet. It is necessary to cleanse the colour or dye stuff well out of the cloth, immediately. First rince in fair water, then take a tub cf warm Mater, si>ff.cient to handle, and wet the befort-mentioned quantity of cloth ; tlien add half a pint of the liquor of beef galls, mix it well with the warm water, then handla your cloth in this till it is well wet, then URce in vrator till it is clean. This is a sure remedy against cracking. The beef gall may be used in all cloths, in this manner, that are liable to crack ; and it will pievent their cracking, without th.e least danger ti" injuring the colour. dyer's cojirAxiox. 71 vsifi. jTOr black. TO twenty yards of cloth, take three pounds of logwood chips, one and a half pounds of sumac, of one season's growth, cut and dried : boil well, run your cloth half an hour, then add one ounce of blue vitjiol, one quarter of a pound of nutgalls, pulveri- sed, boil well, run your cjoth fifteen minutes : then add one ounce of verdigrease, pulverised anddissol^ ved.insiger vinegar, as described in receipt No. 4 : j'un your cloth fifteen minutes, then add one pound, of copperas, handle, and if it is not black, then add more copperas ; and handle till your colour pleases* 9tth. FOR BLACK. TO twenty yards of cloth, take six pounds of log- wood chips, one pound of dry elder bai k, one and an half pounds of sumac, of one season's growth, well cured aud dried, one quarter of a pound of fustick, boil well one hour, then run your cloth one hour, air and run again as before ; then air, add one gal- lon of sig, and one and an half pounds of copperas, run your cloth twenty mmutes ; then, if it is not black, add more copperas, and if it is attended v/ith ^ rusty brown, add two pounds of common good 72 »TEn's COMPANIOK. brown ashes, run your cloth, and handle till the strength is wtll out of the dye. Then, if it is not black, shift your liquor from your copper, scour clean, rince your clolh, fill yeur copper with fairvater, then add one pound of log- wood chips, one quarter of a pound of elder bark and half a i)ound of argal ; then boil well, run your cloth one hour, then sadden Avith copperas, v,'hat is neces- sary, and handle. But if it continues of a rusty cast, ■which lo^.vood causes, add one gallon of sig, or more ashes= that wliich is most convenient, and han« die till your colour pleases. N.B. Silk may be dyed in this dye. It is neces- sary to take the same method in cleansing as in re- ceipt No.94, and all other dark colours thut are lia- ble to rack,i^c. 97th. FORBLJCK. TO twenty yards of cloth, take three quarters of a pound of Hnc vitriol, add to fair water, boil well, run your cloth three quarters oi' an hour ; then add six pounds of logTsrood chips, and one pound of fus- tick chips, boil one hour, run your cloth one hour, then add two ounces of verdigreascj pulverised and i dyer's companion, M dissolved in vinegar, as before described, and one gallon of sig, rnn your cloth tv/enty minutes ; then add one pound of copperas, and handle, with the dye boiling, till your colour plcasest *Ith. FOR BLACK. TO twency yards of cloth, take one bushel of but- ternut or chesnut bark, or both mixed together : boil till the strengtli is well out, then run your cloth one hour, then sadden with copperas till it is quite dark ; then air and rince, and shift your cop- per, fill with fair water ; then add four pounds of logwood chips, half a pound of fustick chips, boil well till the strength is well out, then run your cloth one hour ; air, and if it is not black, or near a black, run again ; then add one pound of copperas, and one gallon of sig ; boil well, run your cloth boiling, and handle till your colour suits your faixc)-. ^ The preceding Receipts ^re calculated for twenty yards of fulled cloth ; but thin clotli may be dyed as well as thick, and all kinds of woollen goods, as yarn, wool, &c. Silks may be dyed in most of the dyes before mentioned ; but the dye requires to be G :^' ]»v«r's companiox* stix)n§.ep for silk, than for vrooUcn. Those dyes- that -will not answer for silk, I shall mention hereMV Receipts for Cotton and Linen, COLD A}iO HOT. ^"^tJu BLUE-^FOR CQ1"r9Jf^LiyfEi{y YARNjtjfC. T< O n tub that will hold thirty-six pails of M'ater, tike- twelve pounds of stone-lime, slack it, put it in, ^tiv it ten or twelve minutes ; then add six pounds of copperas, dissolved with hot water, stir it as ber fore ; then ?.dd six pounds of indigo, ground fine, stir it Incessantly two hours ; for three days, stir it three or four times in a day, then let it stand frfteen or twenty hours before the yarn is put in, lay sticks across the tub, to hang the yarn on, that it may not reach the bottom ; move the yarn round every fif* teen minutes. Six hours is /sufficient for the first colouring of the dye ; as the dye grows weaker, longer time is required : rince and dry it in the shade. ' 1Vhen the dye is ret^udey,' theit recnfit iriiiltin* ftei* and foi-m m in seit^ttg, on^ ^lieu there ii a gvi^t p«mity ef ettVittii-nt at tt»e bettein, thuii the (lye must b© dipped ef, leaving ^^^^ ^Bdmiciu Uuhe bottom 5 th&n throw Rway.th© i«;dirogiU,«luft Uia riyebft'jk, and if ihe tub is net ftiU enaugh, tbun ndd more water, (rain water is refiulrecl in this dye i» setting and recruiting). Tire dye must not be worked at too goon after recruiting, or sitting, and it must not be crowded too fvdl in coUmrlrfj, but judgment mu»t be uicd by the dyor, iw. TO r^et a tub of twelve gallons, take ten gsUons of good sig, to which add thv«e gillti of spirite, one pomul of good indigo, three ounce? of pearia^hce, a .[uai'ter of a pound of good madder, and a pint of wliyut bran ; put the indigo in a bag, and rub it in the dye till the indigo is dissolved, and etir the dye well togL'thcr with the ingredients ; l?t it strn-A tv,'elve hours covered close and kept AvanH, and ma- nase It in the manner and form as in receipt No. 5,"Vill the dye comes to vrork. After (he dye'IiaS come to work, ATet the yarn in hot water, Vitfv^a'l^t- tle pearlash in it ; let it cool, then put it in the dye loose ; let it lye iivthe dye t^Yclvc houv.. th-u wrin- t^ dyer's COKPANIOIf. it out and let it air ; and if it is not dark enough, then put it in again. There ought to be something at the bottom to keep the yarn off of the sediment. There may be a saving in colouring cotton or lin- en, by first colouring brown or purple, as I shall hereafter mention. Silk may be dyed in this dye, but not in the blue vat. 100//;. BLUE FOR COffON AifD LJlfSK Hor, HEAT water sufficient for your yam, say for five pounds of cotton or linen yani, take five ounces of blue vitriol, run your yarn or let it lye in the dye one hour, then add three pounds of good logwood chips, boil well, and put in the yam ; let it lye one hour, then air and add two ounces of pearlashes, let it lie thii'ty minutes ; then, if it is not dark e- nough, add a little blue vitriol ; put it in again, and you will have a good looking blue, but it will not be so lasting a colour as the two forms before men- tioned. ' '^ 1 't. To take the Colour out of SUk, Cotton^ or Li~ ' v'h nsjiotted or another colour is %vuhed.— 'Hot. TO one barrel of hot water, take half a gill of span's COMPANION-. ''T' oil of vitriol, put in the goods ; run tliem fifteen mi- nutes, air andrinee them in fair water immediate- ly, lest it should endanger the goods. I Iwve reduced black without injuring it, and madii a vcllow of it in this form. lG'2d, For Greefi on Silk. — HoC. TAKE two poimds of fustick, boil Avell, till the strength is Avell out, then take out the chips, and ac>d a quarter of a pound ofallum,and six ounces of blueing, prepared as in receipt No. 6 ; stir it with the dye till it is well mixed, then handle your silk fiiken or twenty minutes ; stir it lively, and keep it open and loose in the dye ; (silk should never be wenched as woollen goods) air, and if not deep enough, add a little more blueing ; and if not yel- low enough, then a little allum, run again fifteen n-inutes ; then air, and if the colour suits, rince im- mediately. The dye ought to be so fixed as to co- lour quick, and there must not be a great quantity coloured at once in a dye ; for the dye will get too strong with the vitriol, which Avill endanger the silk ; but with proper care, it may be coloured without any danger. G a 7i »YEU'S COMPAKIOX. 103c/. Green on Cotton or Linen.— .Cool. TO set a dye, take two pounds of logwood, and one pound of fustick chips, boil well, then add a quarter of a pound of allum, and run your goods one hour ; then add a quarter of a pound of blue vit- riol, run your goods thirty minutes, then add two ounces of pearlash ; run again, and handle till your colour pleases. 4, 104/A. Yellow on Cotton and Linen.'— Hot: TAKE two pounds of the leaves or peelings of onions tliat are dean and clear fi-om dirt ; put them in fair water, boil well, then add half a pound of al- lurti, run your goods one hour, and you will have a good colour. lOath. Orange Colour 07i Cotton and Linen^ TAKE two pounds of copperas, dissolve it in hot water, and have the liquor very strong ; let it stand fill nearly cold, run your goods one hour, then dip it in good lye, handle till perfectly wet ; then let it drain, and hang it in the sun fifteen minutes, and the sua will turn the colour \ continue to manage byer's companion. 7f in this manner, dipping it in the dye and hanging it in the sun, till dark enough. 166///. Flesh-Cdour on Cotton a7id Linen. — Hot* TAKE one and an half bushels of black-birch bark, and half a bushel of hemlock bark, boil well ; then add a quarter of a pound of allum, and two ounces of pearlash ; run your cloth or goods till your colour pleases. \07th. Red on Cotton or Line7i. — Cold. TAKE six pounds of Nicaragua chips, boil them till the strength is well out ; then add half a peund of allum, and let it stand till cold ; run your cloth or yam in hot water, with a little pearlashes in it ; then air, and put it in the dye, frequently handling over till the coloiir suits, IO8//1. Cotton and Linen Redish BrQ'ton-—Hoi, TAKE butternut, sassafras, black alder, and hen> 80 UTEr's tOMPAXIO.V. lockbark, a bushel of each ; boil well, run yourgoods one hour, then add two pailfulls of lye, or a quartex' of a pound of pearlash ; run yoiu' cloth or jfoods, and handle till your colour pleases. \ "" jI P ' ' ' * }09th. For Plumb-Colour or Purple, 07i Silks. — Hot. TAKE six pounds of logwood chips, and three pounds of redwood chips, boil well till the strength is well out of the"thips ; then add one pound of al- lura, and run your goods one hour ; then add one ounce of verdigrease, made fine and dissolved in sig, deseribed before, and add one gallon of sig ; run your goods thirty or forty minutes, and if your colour is not dark enough, then add a little blue vitriol, and handle till your colour pleases. ! \Oth. Pur/ile on Cotton or Llnen.-^Cold. TAKE three pounds of logwood chips, boil well) till the strength is well, out and the dye very strong, (for all cotton dyes require to be strong ;) then add half a pound of allum, and one ounce of pearlash ; let it stand and get cold, dip your goods into hot wa- ter, air, and put them into the dye loose, handle OYcr once in fifteen or twenty minutes } let them lie DtER's COMPANXOlf, •! in the dye in this manner till the colour suits. It must be observed in dying cottons and linens ia cold dyes, that the air and sun are very necessary to brighten and strike the colour in. Let the goods lie in the air and sun, three or four times in the course of your colouring, fifteen or twenty minutes at a time. This preparation is suitable for blue, as mentioned in receipt 99th. IWth. Broivn on Cotton and Linen,— Cold. TAKE of maple or white oak bark, one bushel, boil well till the strength is well out, then take the bark out, and have dye sufficient to wet the goods ; then add one pound of copperas, let it stand till near- ly cold ; run your goods in hot water with a little pearlashes first ; thea put it in the dye, and handle over once in ten or fifteen minutes, and air, as de- scribedbefore in receipt 1 10th ; and handle in this nnanner till the colour suits ; then rince clean. This is the brewn mentioned in receipt 99th, for a saving in blue ; but I prefer the purple ; but when colour- ed blue, after it is dry, it is necessary to scald it in salt and water, to bind the colour. ■W UYEn'a coWFAKioS. 1 12/A. Dove or Load-Cd^ry en Cotton or JJnm,>*>f J TAKE one pound of nutgalls pulverised, boil in "Hater one hour, then add two pounds of copperas j let it Etand till cold, and have liquor enough to wet the goods ; (it requires to be very strong) put your goods in the liquor, and handle once in five or six minutes, wring and air once in half an hour ; dip in this manner three hours, then rinte. This liquor ought to be put in a tub, and another liquor prepar- ed in another tub, in this manner, viz.— -take six pounds of sumac, of one year's growth, cut and well dryed with the leaves all on, in the summer season, and three pounds of logwood chips, boil well till the strength is well out, then shift it in the tub, and let it stand till cold ; then run your goods in the same manner as before describe*!: handle in tbistwo hours ; if the colour is not then dark enougli, run again in the copperas and galls liquor, then rinceand run in the logwood again, and handle in this manner till your colour suits. N. B. Cotton and linen, when dyed in cold dyes, must always be v,'ct and run in hot water half an hour, and then airetl ,; and a little pearlashcs is good in the water, to cleanse the goetls for c9louring, &c. dyer's COitPANlOS. 83t Cold dyes will remain good always if properly rC" fruited. -4' — ' With. Olive on Cotton and Linen. --.Cold. TAKE one pound of mitgalls pulverised, put them ill water, boil one hour, then put it in a tub, then add two pounds of copperas, have the liquor strong, and enough of it to wet and cover the goods ; then dip in the hot water ; then stir the galls and copperas together, then put in your goods and han- dle over once in five minuses, that no part shall be confined, wring and airtvery half hour ; handle in this liquor two hours, then rnice, then add three pounds of fustick and one poimd of logwood chips, boil well till the strength is well out ; then add five ounces of good madder, and twe ounces of allum • Jet it simmer a few minutes, then shift the liquor into a tub, and let it stand till cold ; then handle your goods in the first liquor two or three hours till the colour is well raised ; and if it is not dark e- nough, then take two pounds of fustick, and one pound of logwood, boil well ; let it cool, and sadden "With copperas as much as is necessary, and handl« tin your colour pleases. S4 »TE». 5 COMTAKIOK. 114M. Olive on Silk, Cotton, or Linen. — Hot. TAKE fi\'£ pounds of fiistick, and two pounds of Ic^wood chips, boil well ; then add a quarter of a pound of blue vitriol, and a quarter of a pound of al- lum, run your goods one hour ; then add one pound of copperas, and handle till your colour pleases. If the colour is not dark enough, you may add more copperas, &c. -4- \\5th. Light Olive on Cotton and Linen — Hof. TAKE four pounds of fustick chips, and half a pound of logwood chips, boil well, then add two ounces of allum, andone ounce of blue vitriol ; then ruu your goods till the strength is well out of the dye ; then sadden with copperas to your liking, and Jiandle till your colour pleases. — 4' — 1 16/A. Slate Colour on Cotton and Linen, — Hot. TAKE hot water, and dissolve one pound of cop- peras ; i-un your goods forty minutes, then air and rince, and shift your liquor from your copper ; fill yn\h fair water ; then add thr6e pounds of logwood, byer's companion. 55 boil well, run your goods one hour, then add a quarter of a pound of blue vitriol, and haddle till your colour pleases. 4, \\7t/i. Black on Cotton and Linen.' — Hot. TAKE four pounds of good logAvood, and two pounds of fustick chips, boil well ; tnen add a quar- ter of a pound of blue vitriol, run your cloth one hour, or till the strength is well out of the dye, then sadden with two pounds of copperas, and one gal- lon of good old sig ; run your cloth, and if it is not black, you must air and rince, and shift your liquor from your copper, and set another dye in manner and form as the first, and handle again, and depend on having an excellent black at last. But if it is at- tended with a rusty brownness, you may put in one quart of brown ashes, or two ounces of pearl-ash, and handle lively, which is necessary in all hot silk, cotton, and linen dyes. 1 X^th. Black on Cotton and L{7ien.—>Cold, TAKE one pound of nutgalls pulverised, boil in one pail-full of water one hour, then add two pounds of copperas, shift it into a tub, and add water suffi- H *S »YEX's C0M1'AN'I»N. cient to cover, and handle your goods very strong ; then take fair water and fill your copper, add four pounds of logwood chips, two pounds of sumac A^ell dryed, of one season's growth, and one pound of dry alder bark, boiVwell till tl>e strength is well out, then dip off the dye into a tuli, the chips remaining in thia kettle ; let it stand till cold. The dye must be managed in this manner ; — first run your g.ocds in hot water, with a little pearl-ash- es in it; run in this half an hour, then air and lay your goods into the copperas and galls liquor ; han- dle over e\ery eight or ten minutes, and air every half hour ; handle in this tv/o hours, then rince clean and lay it in the logwood liquor ; handle as in the other three hours, then if it is not black, put wa- ter in the copper upon the chips ; before running in the copper, let it steep and cool again, and add one pound of copperas ; run in this one hour ; but if it has a iiisty brown appearance, which is occa- sioned by the logwood, then add two ounces of pearls ashes, or brown ashes will answer if you have no pearl-ashes ; run in this half an hour, then air and rince clean, and if it is not black then, recruit the liquors and make tJiem strongei", and manage as be- fore in the first preparation ; and never fear but you will have a fine black. After you have rincecl clean, to keep it from dyer's comtanion, 57 cracking, use beef galls, as meutiontd in receipt No. 94, GEJ^^ERJL 0BSER}\1T1Q:YS, Cotton and Imendye isthebsst cold hi gche- tal ; for it is almost impossible %vlth me to colouf cotton and linen in hot dyes v/itliout spotting ; for the cotton, &:c. ar» of a cold deadly nature, and the steam of the dye has a bad effect on goods of this kind. All kinds of cotton and linen cloth-?, yarn and thread, may be coloured by following the preceding^ tcceipts for dying cotton and linen. In the receipts for dying silk, cotton and linen, 1 have not specified any particular qviantity of yards or weight. There is so much diflt rence in tht; weight of goods of this kind, that no rule could be given in yards ; and no certainty can be affixed to a general rule cf weight, because of the difference of the quality of the goods. Silks ditlVr, so do cottons «nd linens ; no regular system can therefore be adopted. The dyer is to proportion his dyes ac- cording to the receipts, following his judgment as the goods ^'ary ; and if lie closely pursues the di- rections for proportion and maHageracnt, he v ill not tS »TEll*8 COMPANION. find a single receipt that ■will not answer the pur- pose designed. I shall hereafter speak particularly of the powers on which the dyes depend. niRECTIOJfS FOR DRESSIJVG CLOTH. IN dressing cloth, there are various forms in use with almost every workman in the business ; but I shall only point out the way which I conceive to be the best. There are also different kinds of tools and utensils made use of, which I shall leave to the discretion of the practitioner. #— FOR FULLING CLOTH. CLOTH to be fulled, should be wet %vith soap sufficient to cleanse it of the dirt and grease, then scoured clean and dryed ; then burl or pick out all the nap and specks that will injure the cloth in dress- ing ; then wet with soap so that the cloth will work and turn lively in the mill. Let proper attention be paid to handle the cloths from the mill, so as to keep them smooth ; and be cautious not to let them grow together, for it is very hurtful to the cloth, and det- I'iincntai m ch-t>$.iiip;. The tulling-njiil must be tended with cave. Wlien the cloths are fulled suf- ficiently, then scour clean from the soap : And if there is any of the first quality to be dressed, then card lightly over, so ns to lay and straighten the nap ; then shear this nap off; then t^^ke clothier's jacks, and raise a nap sufficient to cover the thread ; then shear this off and raise another nap with teaz- les. I prefer tea;:ies to any thing- else to raise anap on cloth ; they are much iiiilder and softer to cloth than jacks ; but where they cannot be had, jacks may be substittUed in their place. After raising the lliiid nap, then colour the cloth; cleanse it well li'om the dye, and lay the nap straight and smooth ovit of warm v. ater with jacks that are limber ; then dry, keeping the nap smooth : when dry, first shear on the back-side, then shear smooth and even on the face side, and as close as you can. When sheared, burl clean, and lay the nap w;th a sand-board or brick, or brush, but not with a jack ; some errone- ously use a jack ; a jack is good and necessary to raise a nap, but not to lay it. Lay the nap smooth with the sand-board, and then the cloth is fit for the press. Have smooth papers, put it in the press, kt. the heat of the plate be just hissing hot ; screw it moderately in the jyess, for the beauty of most tlilck cloths is destroyed by pressing too hard. The beauty of thick cloth depends on drying, and not on pressing ; the coarser the cloth is, the harder it re- H s 90 DYEire COMPANIOjr. quires to be screwed ; all th'ck cloths arc notdresS' ed alike, but according to quality, some requiring once shearing, some twice, and so on, to the num- ber uf times mentioned before ; six times is suffi- cient for the first quality, managed as before men- tioned. Some fulled cloths do not require shearing, V'hich are dressed Avith a thick nap, sufficient to co- ver the thread ; this may be raised with common wool and cotton cards ; this kind of cloth is called bear-skin or coating. Bearskin should be pressed in the cold press, never in the hot-press. Baize or flannels should be fulled lightly, the grease and dirt scoured' out clean ; then, if it is to be coloured, dye and raise a nap with a mild easy card or jack, and a stuffed board, and dry smooth, aiM press in a oold press ; but if it is to remain white, raise a nap as be- fore, and dry smooth ; then have a stove, or some proper tight place, with Gonveniences to hang the cloth up loose ; then, to lOG yards of flannel, burn one pound of sulphur or brimstone under the cloths, and it will cleanse them from all specks of dia't, and leave them as white as need be ; but when you find it necessary, you may have your copper cleaned ■with fair hot water, with a little compound of bluing in it ; run your cloth in this a few minutes, and dry smooth ; put in clean papers, press in the cold press, Sec. Some, when they stove their cloth with sul- phur, wet it in clean soap suds, and hang the cloth or goods up wet ; but I prefer the water with a lit- l)tER's COMPANION. '51 tie -bluing, to whiten the cloth before stoving, for it will wear handsomer, and will not grow yellow sa soon. FOR TBIJV- CLOTirS. THIN cloths should be well coloured, cleansed well from the dye, dryed smooth, and pressed dou- ble ; thin cloths require to be much moister than thick cloths ; the press papers should be hard, thin and smooth ; and the press hotter than for thick cloths. It must be screwed very hard, for the beau" ty of thin cloth is in the gloss given by pressing. The heat of the press should be kept regular, and the clotii will be smooth, Sec. 4, TO DRESS SitK AjYD COTTOjV, l^c. SILK must never be pressed, but cleaned well from the dye-stuff, then dryed ; then dissolve gum Arabic in water, wet the silk thoroughly in this, wring and squeeze as dry as you can, so as it shall not drip ; then strain it out smooth every way, anvet with vinegar. Vinegar is the principal, it be- ing an acid, leading to corrosive, or is in greater ix- nion than any other acid with the corrosive ; but when mixed with wheat bran, it is a mild acid, and has quite a different effect from what it would in the natural state ; and cannot be used any other way in these kind of dyes. When mixed with the bran, or otherwise, it is of a cleansing searching nature. I have admitted red tartar, Avhich is cleansing and prepares the cloth or goods to receive a colour. Cop- peras serves only to darken, as I have said before. In the 13th receipt I have admitted blue vitriol,* which serves to darken and raise the lustre of the jellow. BOTTLE GREEJV. BOTTLE Green is connected with three differ- ent colours ; two as green, one as brown ; the green is possessed of the quality described before, depend- ing on the acid ; the brown is assisted by the log- 9S xxitek's caaiPANiox. wood, tind !t)wcrerl down by the povrei* of the cor- rosive. The copperas would destroy the power o( the acid in tills dye, were it not for the verdigrease being posst^ssed of two powers, which renders both mild £.nd- friendly. In the 14ih i-eceipt, it is oidcnt that blue vitriol is of two powers ; as an acid it raises the yellow of the fustick, as a corrosive it darkens very ixipidly with logwood, so the goods are prepared with these t"^v0 powers to combine the three in one colour. The 15lh ixceipt is an oHve green ; this is a sim- pleness of green, and depends on the power of the acid, as green ; but as brown on the corrosive ; the acid going under cover of the bark, gives ad- liiittance to the corrosive ; and thus the lustre ol the colour is preserved from danger. -4» Y£LL01V. YELLOW is one of the material colours, and is dependei^t, always, on the power of the acid, and no other ; but has different subjects. Fustick is the principal subject among our dyers, and allum the principal acid. Aqua fortis is very good to cleanse iiud prepare tlie colour ; and it substantiates the DTEU's COMPANION-. 99 fellow, and makes it much brighter. So the alliim fend aqua fortis agree in all light colours ; but aqua fortis wiJl not answer with a corrosive ; for it is so strong an acid that it will not ue fustick, as an assisting subject, raises the lustre of the red ; and yellow alv/ays depends on-, the acid ; the blue vitriol guards the acid against the corrosive, keeps it from danger, and fits it to receive the subject of logAvood ; the verdigrease suppoils the acid, I'aises the lustre of the red, and unites with the corrosive ; the copperas being sof- tened by the sig, the weak power of the alkali. So by the union of the three powers, and two niixcJ powers, and the subjects, (the Nicaragua ths chief,) the tv, o colours are brought to an union. CORBEAU WITH REDVi'OGD. REDWOOD has spii-it sufTicicnt, but is slow in motion, and is a feeble subject ; and yet is a subject of great us'j : however, it requires assistance; oth- dter's companion. 107 erwise it would fail. It is supported by the three powers, the aeid and corrosive are its main depend- encies ; but I have placed them in different forms, as you will see by the receipts for corbeau and Lon- don brown with redwood. The powers must sup- port the different subjects according to the differ* ent order in which they are adiViiLted. I have left some, deficient of the pov/er of the corrosive, to the assistant subject logAvood, and the power of the weak alkali sig ; but in case the colour is not dark enough, then the dyer's judgment will call his at- tention to look on the receipts before mentioned, and he will see the corrosive will be admitted-^— -the cop- peras or \"erdigrease, which is commonly best to guard the red, and powerful in darkening. Thus we find the acid and corrosive are necessary with this mixture of red and brown ; and sometimes softened by the power of the alkah. The dyer will always find these colours must he supported by the pdwer of the acid and cori-osive. The acid the power of the red always ; the ccrro3ive the com- plete power of the brown. The reddish brown and Spanish brown are dependant on the same powers, but not altogether on the same subjects. Sec. LOJVDOJ^ SMOJK. THE London Smoke is. a mixture of yellow ami 108 BYEH S COMPANION. brown. The yellow is dependant on the acid, and is the substance and life of the colour. Fustick is the principal subject for the yellow, and allum the acid, but tlie bark is a guard to the yellow, and is a subject in favor of all powers. The smoke is a ve- ry dark colour, bearing a little red with tlic yellow ; thus, the butternut bark substantiates every part of these colours ; the Nicaragua raises the reddish hue, the logwood assists the copperas in darken- ing, and the sig supports the colour in every part, and enlivens it to give place to the corrosive. Thus the three powers are vmited in this mixed colour, >7ith many powerful subjects which stand well to tJie last, CI^'^'JMOJ^ BROTV.Y. CINNAMON colour is a mixture of three co- lours, red and yellow in perfect union, and is de- pendent on the acid ; and the brown, the corrosive and alkali. So the three powers, and three sub- jects are united in this mixture. The smoke and liver browns are simply the same as London smoke, only differing in their subjects ; the camwood and madder corresponding with the fustick, and laying a foundation for the brown. Thus the subjects will unite so perfectly well together, that they ar« bter's companion. 10^ lat peace with all the powers but the corrosive ; and this binds all these subjects and unites the colours. OLIVE UROTV.V, THE Olive differs nothing more from smoke than this — it is not so dark, has no hue of red, and is not depending on the alkali ; but the weak alkali may be admitted, (as sig) but is dependent on the powers of acid and corrosive ; and the subjects af the olives are fustick the principal ; the otters^ ■which are many, serve to alter the complections and give different shades. Butternut, logwood and mad- der unite as to shades ; the bluing gives a different shade. Thus it is left to the discretion of the dyex«- to make use of what form they please. • SA'UFF BROIFM SNUFF Colours are formed of three colours ; dependent on the yellow for lustre, and the red and brown for the shades. The snuff colours are de- pendent principally on the power of the acid and cor- rosive, and a Uttle on the power of the alkali ; and the many different subjects have correspondence with these powers. Their union in this manner tfO dyek'« companion. ckuses the difference in compleetions. So as 'to the powers, properties and effects of these browns, they are simply all as one, but differing in complecr tions ; I mean the smoke, the olive ami snuff. It is dependent on the fustick and the acid : the red is dependent on the redwood, camwood and madder, and Oil the iK)\ver of the alkali ; the brown on the barks, the logwood, and sumac ; and is dependent on the corrosive. Thus by changing the orders of the subjects and powers, the different shades may be produced in those colours ; and this I hare le|^ to the discretion of the dyer. 4. BJT-WLYG, SLATE, DOVE OR LEAD^ PEARL OR SILVER GREY, AJVD DRAB, AS to these colours, they are a mixture of all co- lours, except black, and are depending on all the ;^owei:s and almost all the subjects. Some shades are very light, merely changed from Avhite ; the different subjects corresponding with the powersi causes the compleetions to differ. So with regard to the powers, I think I have described plainly be- fore ; the union of the subject and colours are of so extensive a nature in these different shades, it is in vain to describe them in manner and form as I have the rest, for it would swell a volume. I hare been very parttcular in the receipts, snd given rules sufficient, and an extensive assortment of shades ; but in short, they are all browns of differ- ent compkxions, being of a weak and feeble make, and must bo nursed with care, otherwise they will never arrive to a state of maturity. RAVE^''. THE Raven is a mixture of two colours, blae and black ; black direct, and blue by the glance of the eye. Now the blue is dependent on the power of the acid and alkaU, and the black on the power of the corrosive. The wheat bran softens the goods ; the vmegar as en acid cleanses them and prepares them to meet the subjects, and the madder and al- lum rouses it up for the logwood ; lying and sour- ing gives penetration and admittance to the remain- ing subjects, and the corrosive power. CROW WXTH qOPPERAS, CROW colour differs not much from the raven. If any, only in form ; but I think there is a diffei*- ence — the crow is attended with a little bi'ownish iI12 dyer's COMfANiex. hue, and is dependent on the power of the corrosive, and tlie subject of the logwood, &c. CROW WITH COMPOUJVD OF BLUIA'G, THE blue part is raised with the bluing which has been described before ; the black on the corro- sive ; the logwood the principal subject ; the vcr- di grease intercedes for both, and unites both co- lours together. CRO W WITH BL UE- VITRIOL. BLUE Vitriol being connected with two powers, the acid and corrosive, forms an union with these two colours, and prepares them to meet the subject of logwood, and brings them on terms never more to part. BLACK, BLACK is a colour of all colours. It has but one shade, and that is the shade of darkness. Black is dependent on the power of the corrosive, and haa dyer's companion. 113 many subjects ; but logwood is the principal, the others serve as assistants to the logwood. Thus one power and one subject form the substance of this colour. There are different shades of all co- lours except black. Some men, and even philosophers, have endea- vored to shew that black is not a colour ; but I shall endeavour to refute them. Black is made of materi- als, as any other colour ; darkness is caused by ma- terials, by the earth and the material world ; by the shadow of these darkness comes ; and by the sub- jects of materials, white is changed to black. So men may as well argue that hght is darkness, as to buy that bkick is not a colour. Light is not dark- ness, nor white black ; but were the light to re- main with usj we should not perceive the darkness ; and if we were not blessed with materials, we should not change white into colours. Light is changed by materials ; the light of this world is of a nature to be changed, and white is of the same substance, depending for its changes on materials of dye-stuff ; by our faculties we use them, andobtam the desired effect which God in his wisdom has designed. Blue, yellow, red, brown and black are made of materials ; They are all colours, and are all of equal rank, form- ; ed from white ; yet black is most powerful, for that ' may be made to overshadow all other colours, and ^' -cause darkness to reign over them all. Sq it is evi- Ka 114 byer's companion. dent that black is a colour of all colours. But black and Avhite mixed together is no colour. If light and darkness were mixed together, we should have neither : the God that made the world separated the light from the darkness ; so in like manner he has given us materials, and a faculty to use them, to change white to black. ' Thus we fiiul that black isr a colour. It IS said that orange and violets are colours, but they are not in themselves so, but are compounded of colours. No mixture can be a real colour. Having endeavoured to give you my ideas of the properties and effects of colours ; I request to be read with candor, and hope to be of some benefit. If I have committed errors, I wish they may be cor- rected for the public advantage. >®(^®< COLOURLXG SILK. S) • ILK is of a nature different from wool, cotton, and linen ; it is of a deadly nature : however, the most of preparations for dying woollen v/ill answer for silk, only the dye requires to be stronger. It dyer's companion. lis kas also such an union with cotton and linen, that most of these preparations will answer for either. So it appears that silk is of a substance between wool, cotton and linen, and it unites with them aar to colours, 8cc. DYIJVG COTTOjY AJ\^D LIAEJ^. COTTON and Linen are of a cold and deadly nature, and require different preparations and man" agement in colouring. It is the best Avay in colour-* ing cotton and linen, to have the dye cold ; they be- ing of so cold a nature. As to the colours of cotton and linen, I shall say but little : As to the powers, the principal is the con-osive, the next the alkali, and sometunes the acid ; which you will see by the receipts. The subjects are many, but the grand subject is nutgalls ; the others are so numerous, I shall not mention them now. I- have endeavoured to explain them explicitly in the receipts for cotton and hnen, and think it needless to mention *them again here. As to the powers and the union of the subjects, they have been explained before and the best way is to examine the rules for im- provements, and follow the receipts close in proper order, and I presume to say they will have the de- sired effect, in ail colours and shades. Ii6 dyer's companion. OBSSRrj^'IOIfS ON fHE PRESESr Sia'UA- 7'iox OF viiE Ui'BJi's Business. w. Observation Juj'st. E think ourselves masters of our business before we are, and uuclei'take to do that we know no- thing of. By this our business is ruined, our cus- tomers imposed upon, and our country impovensh- cd ; this is the prest-nt situatioii of our business. Observation Second. — Those impostors injure their fellow-functioners as well as tlu* public, b) dis- couraging manufactories. Fisiding they fail of their intentions, they begin to encourage th^r customevs by promising to do better, and lo work very cheap ; by these impostors, people are deluded, and their goods not unfrequently ruined. With the custom- er, who knows nothing of dressing, cheapness is every thing. The Avorkman who is a complete master of his business is often compelled to regu- late his prices of work by the charges of those who are ignorant of the trade ; consequeiitly the work is slighted, or the mechanic cannot oljtain a living ; and the employer is a loser in the end, as the goods are badly finished, or perhaps emirely ruined. Iter's coj^pakiok. 117 Let those who practise in a business make them- selves masters of it ; then fair and just prices may be obtained for their labor, and the employer will be better satisfied, and real justice be done him,— . Thus our Hianufactories would be increased : The interests of the employer and employed would both be enhanced ; they are inseparable : selfishness counteracts its own views ; the injustice we do our country, we do to ourselves. As a nation we can never be really independent, until we become our own manufacturers of articles of the first necessity. To arrive at this desirable point ought to be our constant endeavour ; and eve- ry real patriot will use his exertions, not only in word but in deed, to hasten the period. OBSEnvArioNs on Mj^ufacturing CloYh. TO make fine Broadcloth, take your wool an^ sort it carefully ; take the shortest and finest of the wool, leaving no coarse locks with it ; then break the wool all together, and card it into rolls by- one person or machine, then spin well the filhng cross banded ; give it a good twist, but not hard so as to be wirey ; let it all be t\visted alilter and spun by one person, then let it be well wove, with the nS »YEr's OOMl'ANIOIf. threads closed together, but not too hard. Thcxt take the long wool, and have it combed into wors- ted ; have it well spun, twisted well, and wove firm. Thin cloths depend on the twisting and firm weaving ; but the other, after it is well niAnufac- , tured, depends on the fulling to close and make it firm, and on the dressing for beauty. Tlie cloth, if well manufactured, v/ell fulled, and well dyed and dressed, will appear equal to any imported cloths ; but if not well manufactured, it will not be handsome. If you have coarse wool ami flne mixed together, it cannot be a fine piece ; if it is not broke and card- ed together, it will not work well ; it is liable to be streaked, and pucker or cockle in the mill. If not well spun, or if spun by two hands, it will liave the same effeat ; and if two w«ttv.e on one piece, one thick and the other thin, it will cause it to pucker or cockle. With proper care ani^ attention in the manufac- turing and dressing of cloihs, we may etiual any in workmanship and beauty, and afford them one third cheaper than those imported. £^'D OF THE FIX ST PJRT. / THE DYER'S COMPANION. PART S JS C A'' D. T II E DYER'S COMPANION. PJRT SECQXD. • ® •»» RECEIPTS, &c. 1 . To Jack or harden Leather for ITorse?nan's C'a/iSj Ilol&lcrs, iS'c. HAVE found by experience, that saddls^ leath- er is the best for caps and holsters. In this case, let the cap, &C. be perfectly dry ; and on the block when jacked ; take melted rozin, as hot as is con- venient, rub it on with a small svvc.b, then pass the cap back and forth through a light blaze, and hold it to the five till it strikes in ; repeat it a second time. It is a repellant to water, and keeps th©\ work in its place. For leather that has not been oiled, add to three ounce*^ of rozin, one ounce of ei s-wax, ai.d half an ounce of tviliow. 4 rSErUL RECEIPTS. Zd. To make Famish Jor Leather. TAKE three ounces of gum shellack made fine, and one ounce and a half of V(;nicc turpentine, put them into one pint of double rectified spirits of wine^ place the bottle in hot sand or water for six hours, shake it often, and apply it with a soft brush or the fingers when blood warm. Repeat it three or four times in the course of twelve hours. (■® ^3i 2d. To prepare Feathers^ Fur and Hair^ to receive Red, Yellow or Green. THIS preparation is necessary as the oil must be extracted previous to colouring. For one ounce of feathers, take one quart of water, add to it one gill of sour wheat bran water, one ounce of cream of tartar, and half an ounce of allum ; simmer this together ; then after the featliers are washed and rinced, put them in, let it stand twelve hours, keep- ing the liquor hot. N. B. White only will receive the above colours. ^ Ath. To Colour Feathers, Fur, l2'c. Red. TAKE half an ounce of cocliineal made fine, mix tJSEPl't RECEIPTS. 'S it \vith an ounce and an half of cream of tartar to one quart of \vater ; when simmering hot, add a •tea'spoon-fuU, let it stand ten minutes, then put it in the feathers, and so on each ten minutes, until exhausted. In all colouring, the dye must not be crowded, and soft water must be used. After the v/hole of the colouring is in, let it stand fifteen min- utes, then rince them in clear water ; whilst in the dye. five or six drops of aqua fortis may not be a- missj ab it sets the colour more on the scarlet. 5i/!. To Colrur Feathers, Fur., Ealr, dnd iVoollen or Silk, Blue, of any sh^de. NO preparation is neces^sary except Avashing arid rincint^. To eight ounces of oil of vitriol, add one ounce of indigo made fine, a tea-spoonfull of each ■ six or eight minutes, thake it often ; it must stand two or three days before it is fit for use ; indeed the longer it stands the better : one tea-spoonful of this to one quart of water, when hot as is convenient for fiesh to bear, make an azure blue ; by adding ordi- minishing, any shade is produced. It is not re- commended for woollen, except for women's fight wear, stockings, h<.c. as the colour is not very du- rable on the wool. Those light articles being easi- ly re-celouredj it will l)e found the most convenient L 2 6 tSEFL'L RECEIPTS. and expeditious method of colouring, as ten or fif- teen minutes is sufficient for any of the above arti- cles to colour. It is also very useful to revive old dye that has decayed ; also, a few drops put into rincing water for silk, stockings, 8cc. gives the pri- mitive clearness. I am sure, if the use of this was known, that scarce a family would be found without a phial of it in their house. -4- &th. To Colour Feathers^ iS'c. Ydlo-u) and Green. TAKE two pounds of fustick, chip it fine, boil it in two gallons of water four hours, keeping the quan- tity of water ; then take out the chips, and add one ounce of curkemy root, and an ounce ofallum ; boil the two gallons to two quarts, let tlie feathers lie in the dye one hour to make them green ; add two tea-spoonfuls of the oil of vitriol and indigo. They require to be only rinccd after cojouring. 7l/i. To Colour Feathers, Is'c. Black, THIS is the most difficult colour to set. The feathers must lay in a preparatory liquor twelve liours ; as follows — ^To each quart of water, add one tea-spoonful of aqua fortis, it must be kept hot USEFUL RECBIPTS. 7 the whole of the time : then, for three ounces of feathers, take two pounds of logwood chipped fine, and one pound of common sumac, put these into three gallons of water in an iron kettle, boil it four or five hours, take out the chips, and add two ounc- es of English nutgalls pounded fine ; boil the three gallons to three quarts, then put in the feathers, let them be twelve hours ; then take three ounces of copperas, and oife ounce of verdigrease made fine, put them into half a pint of urine, and stir it on a moderate fire ten or twelve minutes ; put this to the dye, it will set the colour ; let them be in twelve hours more, then they must be washed or rinced perfectly clean. It is possible that hatters and others who deal in black, may find something in this to their advantage. 8.'A. To Lacker Brass and Tin-irare. TAKE gum gamboge one ounce, make it fine, put it into fovir ounces spirits of wine, let it be kept wavm four hours : the method of using it for small ware, such as buckles for harness, &c. put them on a piece of sheet iron, heat them hissing hot, then dip them in the lacker one at a time, as fast as you please. For large work, let the ware be heated, ap« 8 t'«t:Ft'L RECElPTt. ply the lacker with a fine i«nish : it gives a most beaiuiiul yellow. Oih. To make Oil-Cbthfor Hats^ Vmbrellus^ isfc. TAKE one pint of linseed oil, add one ounce spi- rits of wine, one ounce of litharge of gold, and one ounce of sugar of lead, simmer them together hall" an hour ; take persian or sarsnet, tack it within a frame, a common case knife is used in laying on the oil ; tATicc going over is sufncient. .^- \Oth. To make Oil-doth for Cat'/iets. To one gill of dissolved glue, add one gill of ho- ney, and one pint of water, simmer these togetii- er, stir in it five or six ounces of Spanish white ; the cloth being tacked as above, rub this on till the pores are filled. If the paint be properly prepared, it will neither break nor peal ofT. -i?y- l\tk. To boil Oil for Painting. TO one gallon of oil, add one ounce of white vit- VhnrVL RECEIPTS. » riol, and an ounce of sugar of lead, a quai ter at a lime ; boil one hour. ^ . I2l/t, To make Stone Colour. TO fourteen pounds of white lead, add five pounds of yellow ochre, and one ounce of ivory black. ■ 13?A. To make Pearl Cslour, TO twelve pounds of ^Yhite lead, add one pound of stone yellow, half an ounce of Prussian blue, and two ounces of white vitriol to dry the paint, Vit- riol is used in all paints for drying. — 4r — • lith. To make deep Blue, TO three pounds of white lead, add one ounce of Prussian blue* iOi USEFUL RECEIPTS. ISth. To make Sea Grcefi. To two pounds of stone yellew, add one ounce oi Prussian blue. \6th. Verdigrease Green. TO one pound of verdigrease, add two ounces 6f white lead. \7th. Orange Colour for Carpets. TO four pounds of stone yellow, add two pounds of red lead. 18 /A. To Slack Verdigrease. TAKE a ket'ile of hot wet sand, wrap four or five ounces of verdigrease in a cabbage leaf, put as many of those parcels in the sand as is convenient, leaving two or three inches between; let them be in four hours, keeping the sand hot. The verdi- grease being thus slacked, a man may grind three times the quantity in a day as of unslacked. I USEFUL RECEIPTS. 11 \9t/i. To make Ver7tiilUon. TAKE of quick-siiver eighteen pounds, of flow- ers of sulphur six pounds ; melt the sulphur in an earthen pot, and pour in the quick-silver gradual- ly, being also gently -warmed, and stir them mcU to- gether with the small end of a tobacco pipe. But if from the effervescence, on adding the latter quan- t^ity of quick-silver, they take fire, extinguish it by throwing a wet cloth (v/hich should be hiid ready) over the vessel. When the mass is cold, powder it, so that the several parts may be well mixed to- gether. Bijt it is not nece;:sary to reduce it, by nicer levigation, to an impalpable state. Having then prepared an oblong glass body, or sublimer, by coat- ing it well with fire, lute over the whole surface of the glass, and working a pi'oper rim of the- sanie 51- around it, by which it may be hung in a furnace, in such a manner that one half of it may be exposed to the fire, fix it in a proper furnace, and let the pow« dered mass be put into it, so as to nearly fill the part that is within the furnace, a piece of broken tile being laid over the mouth of the glass. Sublime, then, tlie contents, with as strong a heat as may be used without blowing the fumes of the Vermillion put of the mouth of the sublimer. When the sub- limation is over, which may fee perceived by the a- batement of the heat towards the top of the bod ', ^scontinue the fire j and, after the bo,dy is cold, |i USEfUL RECElPTSj take it out of the furnace, and break it ; then col- lect together all the parts of the sublimed cake, se- parating carefully from them any dross that may have been left at the bottom of the body, as also any lighter substance that may have been formed in the neck, and appears to be dissimilar to the rest. I.e- yigate the more perfect part ; and, when reduced to a fine powder, it will be Vermillion proper for use ; but on the perfectncss of the levigation de- pends, in a great degree, the brightness and good- ness of the vermillion. Inoi'der, therefore, toper- form this, it is necessaay that two or three milis, of different closeness shovild be employed, and the last should be of steel, and set as finely as possible. ^Qt/i. Of Rose Lake, co7nmonly called Hose Pink, TAKE Brazil wood six pounds, or three pounds of Brazil and three pounds of peachy wood. Boil them an hour with three gallons of water, in which a quarter of a pound of allum is dissolved. Purify then the fluid by straining through flannel, and put back tlie wood into the boiler with the same quanti- ty of allum, and proceed as before ; repeating this a third time. Mix then the three quantities of tincture together, and evaporate them till only two quarts of fluid remain. Prepare in the mean, time, eight pounds of chalk, by washing over ; a pound I VSEFUL BECEIPTS. . 13 of allum being; put into the water used for that pur- pose, which, after the chalk is washed, must be poured off, and supphed by a fresh quantity, till the chalk be freed from the salt fonned by the allum ; after which, it must be dried to the consistence of stiff clay. The chalk and tincture, as above pre- pared, must be then well mixed together by grind- ing, and aftenvards laid out to dry, whei'e neither the sun nor cold air can reach it ; though if it can be conveniently done, a gentle heat may be used. The goodness of rose pink lies chiefly in the brightness of the colour and fineness of the sub- stance ; which last quality depends on the washing well the chalk. The more the hue of rose pink verges on the true crimson, that is to say, the less purple it is, the greater its value. 4, 21. FOR PRUSSIAjY BLUE, TAKE of blood any quantity, and evaporate it to perfect dryness. Of this dry blood powdered take six pounds, of the best pearl-ashes two pounds ; mix them well together in a glass or stone mortar, and then put the mixed matter into large crucibles or earthen pots, and calcine it in a furaace, the top of the crucible or pot being covered with a tile, or u 14 rSEFUL RECEIPTS. Other such convenient thing, but not luted. The calcination should be continued so long as any flame nppears to issiie from the matter, or rather till the flame becomes very slender and blue ; for if the fire be very strong, a small flame would arise for a ve- ry long time, and a great part of the tinging mat- ter would be dissipated and lost. When the matter has been sufliciently calcined, take the vessels which contain it out of the fire, and as quickly as possible throw it into two or three gallons of water ; and as it soaks thej'e, break it with a vvooden spatula, that no lumps may remain ; put it then in a proper tin vessel, and boil it for the space of three quarters of an hour or more. Filter it while hot through paper, and pass some water through the filter when it is? run dry, to wash out thei'cmainder of the lixiviuni of the blood and pearl-ashes : the earth remaining in the filter may be then thrpwn away. In the mean time, dissolve of clean ailum four pounds, and of green vitriol or copperas two pounds, in three gal- lons of water : add this solution gradually to the fil- tered lixivium, so long as any eflervescence appears to arise on the mixture ; but when no ebullition or ferment follows the admixture, cease to put in more. Let the mixture then stand at rest, and a green powder will be precipitated ; from which, when it has thoroughly subsided, the clear part of the fluid must be poured off, and fresh water put-in its place, c\nd stirred well about with the green powder ; and tSEftJL kECEII'TS. J J aiter a proper time of settling, this wMer n-,ust be poured off like the fir?^. Take thenoC spirits of salt, double the weight of the, green, vitriol, -which was contained in the quantity of solution of vitriol and allum added to the lixivunn, which will soon turn the green matter to a bliae colour ; and after some time, add a proper q^uantity of water, and wash the colour in the same manner as has been directed for lake, he. and when properly washed, 'proceed in the same maune**- to dry it in lumps of convenient size. IT is necessary, in all painthif^, that all paints, when mixed together with the oil, to grind it till it 15 a perfect salve, so as when you rub it between your fingers you cannot feel any. roughness with it, but feel perfectly smooth as oil ; then it is p;round fit for use — then add oil, and stir it together what is ne- cessary, or according to youv liking. Oil n^iust be bailed in all painting. -^ — ^ 22. FOR MJKIJ^G Bh4CK IKK. TAKE one quart of rain water, or water with ripe walnut shooks soaked in it, or the v/atcr soaked with oak saw dust ; strain it oft" dean, then add one qxiarter of a poimd of the best blue galls, two our^- ces of good copperas, and two ounces of gum ara- 16 tJSEfL'L AECEII'TS. bic ; put it in a bottle, stop tight, then shake it well every day till the ink is fit for use — but the older the better. The above articles must all be pulverised, before they are applied to the water. To keep ink from freezing, apply a little spirits of any kind. To keep ink fron:a moulding, apply a little salt therein. ■4- 23. FOR RED IJ^K. TAKE three pints of sour beer (rather than vine- gar) and four ounces of ground brazil-wood ; sim- mer them together for an hour ; then strain off and bottle, weU stopped, for use. Or you may dissolve half an ounce of gum Sene- gal, or arable, in half a pint of water ; then put in a penny worth of vermillion ; put into a small earth- en vessel and pour the gum water to it, and stir it well till it is well mixed together, and it will be fit for use in twenty-four hours — but requires stirring before using, in the same manner and form. You may make it from any other coloured ink, as blucj gi'cen, yellow, purple; £cc. USEFUL RECEIPTS. 17 24. MEMOIR On a mel/iod of Painting with Milk— by A. A, Cw dct dc faux : Member of the Academical Society of Sciences,~-From the " Decade Fhilosojihique»'^ I PUBLISHED in the " Feuille de Cultiva- feur," but at a time when the thoughts of every one were absorbed by the pubUc misfortunes, a singu- lar economical process for painting, which the want of materials induced me to substitute instead of piiinting in distemper. Take skimmed milk, tAvo quarts. Fresli slacked lime, six ounces. Oil of carraway, or linseed, or nut, four ounces, Spaftish Avhite, five ounces. Put the lime into a vessel of stone wai'e, and pour upon it a sufficient quantity of milk to make a smooth mixture ; then add the oil by degrees, stir- ring the mixture with a small wooden spatula ; then add the remainder of the milk, and finally the Spa- ish white. Skimmed milk, in summer, is often curdled ; hut this is of no consequence to our pur- pose, as its fluidity is soon restored by its contact "wtth lime. It is-, however, absolutely necessary that' it should not be sovn' ; for in that case it would form with the lime a kind of calcareous acetite, sus- ceptible of attracting moisture. The lime is slacked by plunging it into water, drawing it out, at^d leaving it to fall to pieces in the Ma 18 ;;3EFUL RECEIPIS. all". Itisinclifferentwhich of the three oils above- mentioned we use ; however, for painting white, the oil of carraway is to be preferred, as it is colourless. For painting the ochres, the commonest lamp oil may be used. The oil, when mixed with the milk and lime, disappears ; being entirely dissolved by the lime, with which it forms a calcareous soap. The Spanish white must be crumbled, and gently spread upon the surface of the liquid, which it gradually imbibes, and at last sinks ; it must then be stired with a stick. This paint is coloured like distemper, with charcoal levigated in water, yellow ochre. Sec. It is used in the same manner as distemper. The quantity above mentioned is sufficient for painting the first layer of six taises, or fathoms. One of the properties of my paint, which we may term milk distemper paint, is, that it will keep for whole months, and req\iire neither lime nor iire, nor even manipulation ; in ten minutes we may prepare enough of it to paint a whole house. One may sleep in a chamber the night after it has been painted. A single coating is sufficient for places that have alrea- vhite wash the wood, let it stand perhaps twenty- four hours, then rub it off, after polishing the wood apply linseed oil. By usuig a small piece of wood you may find when the colour suits. 2r. To Stain any kind of White-Wood a Dark Es.l. TAKE two ounces of drugs called dragon's blood, make it fine ; put it into a pint of double-rectified spirits of wine ; let it stand six or seven days, sliake it often, brush it on the wood till the shade suits. 4. 28. To make GrecJi, or any kind of Wfule Wood, TAKE a yellow liquor as described in receipt 6th, add the vitriol and indigo, less or more, to make what shade is wanted. In all shades, it is ne- cessary to' repeat colouring three or four times, leaving time for the wood to dry betwixt each co- louring ; the colour grows darker by standing.— The wood will not do to varnish short of six or se- Ten days after staining. 1 VSEFUt RECEIPTS. Si 29. To make a Cherry Red, on llliite Wood of any kind. TAKE of the brightest of logwood two pounds, boil out the strength, take out the chips, add a table spoonful of the raspings of gallant gill root, boil this one hour, stain the dye and boil it down to one quar- ter of the quantity ; brush it on the wood when hotj repeat it till the colour suits'. ^- 30. To stain White Wood the colour of Mahogany, or Black Walnuts TAKE logwood liquor, as described in No. 7, be- fore the dye is set, then add to one gallon of water eight ounces of madder, let it stand twelve hours, keeping it warm, strain it off, then mix it with an equal quantity of the logwood liquor ; it is applied as other stains. ^ 31. Tlie best Red Stain for Wood, THIS is made by boiling two pounds of redwood in two gallons of water, in the same manner as log- wood, 8cc. is boiled ; it is necessary to boil this in brass : when boiled down to a proper quantity, add 32 USEFUL AiCCKlM'S. one ounce of cochineal, and two ounces of crtana of tartar made fine ; boil this half an hour, or till there is but one quart of the liquor ; apply it warm, and ackl jv tea-spooiiful of aqua foriis. 3-2. To stain WoQck Blaxk. TAKE Iog\#ood liqnor to give the groimd work, then take two ounces of English nutgalls made fine, put this in one quart of water, let it stand four days, shake it often, then brush it ou> three or four times ; when almost dry, rub it over two or three times with strong copperas water ; like other stains it grows darker by standing. 33, To colour Hats Green on the zindcr aide. TAKE two pounds of fustick, chip it fine, put it into two gallons of soft water, boll it four hours in brass, keeping nearly the quantity of water ; take out the ohips, add two ounces of curkerhy root, and one ounce of allum ; boil this to three pints, brush this on the hats twice over, then add to one quart of this yellow liquor, three tea-spconfuls of the in- digo and vitriol, (as mentioHed in a former receipt) USEFUL KECEIPTS. ?$ ^his 'Will make it green, brush this on the hat two pr three times, leaving lime between for the hat to be nearly dry. 34. Varnish for Wood either Stained or Painted. THIS is made the same as in receipt 2d, except, instead of three ounces of gum shcHack, take of it one ounce and a half, and one ounce and a half of gum sandrick ; it must be laid with t soft brush, and several times repeated ; after it has stood' three or four days, take rotten stone made fine and sifted, mix it with v/ater, then with a sponge or soft liuepj f ub it on till sufiiciently polished. 35. Varnish. AN excellent varnish has recently been discover- ed, made of one part of sandarac not pulverised, and two parts of spirits of wine, made cold and thp solu- tion promoted by frequent shaking. AS the method of preparing Copal Varnish, is generally kept secret by those who are acquainted jvith it, and as a tradesman who is desirous of %i WSEFUL RECEIPTS. knowing h, is obliged to give some times an hun- dred dollars to another, to let him into the secret, and that upon condition of not imparting it to any body else— the following to some may not be unac- ceptable- 56. To make ./imber or Cofial Vamisk: TAKE of white rosin four drachms, melt it over R fire in a glazed vessel, after which put in two ounces of the Avhitest amber you can get, finely pow- dered : this last is to be put in gradually, stirring it all the while with a small stick over a gentle fire, till it dissolves ; pouring in now and then a little oil of turpentine, as you find it growing stiff, and con- tinue this till your amber is melted. When the varnish has been thus made, pour it into a coarse linen bag, and press it between tw o hot boards of oak, or flat plates of iron. Great care must be ta- ken in making the varnish, to not set the house on fire ; for the vapour of the oil of turpentine will e- -ven take fire by heat. — If it should happen so to do, immediately cover the pot with a board or any thing that will suffocate it j by which means it will be put put. USEFUL RECEIPTS. 25 o7. ACQUPosi-rios for cii-ing a beaui'iful Po- ZISH to MAHOGASr FURNlVURE. DISSOLVE bees-wax (equal parts) in oil of turpentine, until the mixture attain the consistency of paste, — After the wood intended to be poUshed is well cleansed, let it be thinly covered with the a- bove composition, and well rubbed with a piece of oil carpet, until no dirt will adhere to its surface. 38. To SOFfEN SrSEL FOR EUGRAVING, ^C. MAKE a very strotig lye, of unslacked lime and \rhite oak ashes, of each an equal quantity ; put in Ihe steel, let it lay fourteen days — it will be so soft as easily to be cut with a knife. — 4.- — S9. The Chjxese atethod for reader Jifc Clot's WAfER PROOF. TAKE one ounce of white wax, (melted) add one quart of spirits of turpentine ; when thorough- ly mixed and cold, then dip the cloth into the liquid and hang it up to dry till it is thoroughly dry. By the above cheap and easy method, muslin, as well as the strongest cloths, will be rendered quite N 26 USEFUL RECEinS. impenetrable to the hardest rains ; and that with- out the ingreclients used either filling up the pores ol'the cloth or injuring, in the least, its texture, or damaging, at«all, the most brilliant colours. 40. ji Beceipt to make an excellent American Wine ; communicated to the Burlington Society for jiromo- ting Agriculture and Domestic Manufactoriet ; by Joseph Coojier^ es(j. of Gloucester county^ ^-rw- Jersey, rt'UT a quantity of the comb, from which the lioney had been drained, into a tub ; to which I ad- ded a barrel of cider immediately from the press ; This niixture was av^U stirred, and left to soak for one night. It was then strained, before a fermen- tation had taken place ; and honey was added until the strength of the liquor was sufficient to bear an egg. It was then put into a barrel ; and after \.\\% fermentation commenced, the cask was filled every- day, for three or four days, that the filth might work cut of the bung hole. When the fermentation mo- derated, I put the bung in loosely, lest stopping it tight might cause the cask to burst. At the end of five or six weeks the liquor was drawn off into a tub, and the white of eight eggs, well beat up, with a pint of clean sand, were put into it. — I then addec] a gallon of cider spirit ; and after mixing the whole f !>EFfL RKCEIF IS. 21 togeOier, I remrned it into the cask, which was well cleansed, buagcd it ligiu, and placed it in a propel' situation for rackmc;- off when fine. In the month of April following-, I drew it oS' into kegs, lor use ; and found it equal, in my opinion, to almost any for- eign wine. In the opinion of many judges, it was superiour. This success has induced me to repeat the exper- iment for three years ; and I am persuaded, that by using the clean honey, instead of the comb, asa- bove described, such an impi-ovement might be made, as would enable the citizens of the U. States to supply themselves with a truly federal and whol- some wine, which Avould not cost one quarter of a dollar per gallon, were all ^he ingredients procured at the market price ; and would have this peculiar advantage over every other wine hitherto attempted in this country, that it contains no foreign mixture, but is made from ingredients produced on our own farms. By order of the Society, Wm. Coxe, jun. Secretary, ^ • 41. Wonderful Cure of the Dropsy^ btj Dwarf Elder* Fritm the Massachusetts Magazirie. SOME years ago, when the invalids from Chel- sea were ordered to garrison at Portsmouth, there •28 USLFVL RECEIPTS. Tfas among them a man grievously afflicted with the dropsy. He had already become so umvieldy as to be rendered incapable of doing any thing whatso- ever, and was at last so corpulent tljat he could pro- cure no clothes to fit him. In this critical situation, an herb doctor chanced to come by, and seeing the man in that situation, said, ' Well, friend, what will you give me if I cure you ?' The poor object, (who had already spent nearly the sum of forty pounds on the medical gen- tlemen, without relief) eyeing the doctor with a look of contempt, scarce vouchsafed to return him for answer, that his cure was impossible — and was pre- paring to leave him, when the doctor, stopping him, offered to cure him for a glass of rum. So extra- ordinary a proposal did not fail to awaken the atten- tion of the man, who considered the extreme reason- ableness of the demand, followed the doctor, Avith- out speaking a word, into his laboratory, who taking out a bottle containing a black liquid, presented it to his patient, telling him to drink it off that day, and "vvhen gone, to fetch his bottle for more. Upon a curious examination of the contents of the bottle, finding it not unpleasant to the taste, the dropsical man wisely concluded there could be no harm in it, if there was no good ; and accordingly, taking the bottle, he at night (though despairing of success) ventured to drink, before he went to bed, rSKFUL RECEIPTS. 29 about one half of the liquor, and immecliately com- posed himself to rest. But he had scarcely been a quarter of an hour in bed, before the physic opera- ted so strongly that he was obliged to get up and search for the necessary utensil. This was pres- ently filled — upon which he groped about for the one belonging to his comrade, Avhich, having found, he also filled — and (strange to tell) a tub which was in the next room, was nearly filled. — So strong an evacuation of urine produced, as we may well sup- pose, a very material alteration ; for the next morn- ing he was able to buckle his shoes, which he had not done for a long time. He did not fail to call on the doctor for a fresh supply, which having obtained, he continued drink- ing at meals, 8cc. with such good effects, that he was completely cured in less than a week. A matter of such importance could not fail to at- tract the attention of the whole regiment, among whom I chanced to be an eye witness of it ; and asked him Avhat the liquid was — he informed me that tt was a decoction made of the leaves of dwarf elder. Yours, 8cc. 42. CURE FOR THE DROPSY. TAKE a six quart jug of eld hard cider? put N2 30 USEFUL RECEIPTS. therein a pint of mustard-seed, one doiible-lumd full of lignum vitx shavings, one double-haiidfull of horse radish roots ; let them simmer together, over a slow fire, forty -eight hours, when it will be fit for use. Take a tea-cup full of this liquid, three times a day ; and it will work off the disorder by urine, without any trouble to the patient. A most surprising instance of the efficacy of this simple medicine, has lately taken place in the case of Mr. Wm. Wray, of Lunenburg, who, from the worst state of the dropsy, has by it been restored to perfect health. -c^ PIIOM A PHILADELPHIA PAPER. The Editor having received from afrieiid the foUav- iiig Recipe for the Cure of a Catjcerf is induced from the veracity of the writer^ and the ivnfiortance of such a remedy to man'j afflicted individuals^ to lay it before the public . 43.,iSJFE JXD EFFICACIOUS REMEDY FOR THE CJACER. TAKE the narrow leafed dock-root, and boil it in water till it be quite soft, then bathe the part af- fected in the decoction as hot as can be borne three or four times a day ; the root must then be marsh- «d aftd applied as a poultice. USEFUL RECEIPTS. M This root has proved an effectual cure in many in- stances. It was first introduced by an Indian wo-, man, who came to the house of a person in the country, who was much afflicted with a cancer in her mouth ; the Indian perceiving something was the matter, inquired what it was, and on being in- formed, said she would cure her. The woman con- sented to atrial, though with little hopes of success, having previously used many things without receiv- ing any benefit. The Indian went out and soon re- turned with a root, which she boiled and applied as above, and in a short time a cure was effected. The Indian was very careful to conceal what these roots were, and i^efused giving any information respecting them ; but happening one day to lay some of them down, and stepping out, the woman concealed one of the roots, Avhich she planted, and soon discover- ed what it was. Not long after, a person in that neighbourhood being afflicted with the same com- plaint in her face, she niformed her of the remedy, and in two weeks she was cured. Some time after, a man was cured of a confirmed cancer upon the back of his, hand ; after suffering much, and being unable to get any rest, being told of this rqot, it was procured and prepared for him : he dipped his hand in the water as hot as he could bear it for some time ; the root was then applied as a poultice, and that night he slept comfortably, and in two weeks his hand was entirely cured, 82 U3E1UL UECEIPT.S. Daniel Brown's father, having had a cancer in his head, had it cut out, and apparently healed ; but some of the roots remaining, it a.jain broke out: his doctor then informed him that nothing inore could be done, except burning it oiitnith hot irons ; this being too harsh a remedy to submit to, he was much discouraged. The dock root was soon after recommended, and it cured hnii in a short time, In the beginning of the winter of 1798, a hard Ivimp appeared in the middle of my under lip, and in a short time became sore : it continued in that situation .till spring, when it increased and became painful : I then shewed it to a person of skill, and soon found he apprehended it to be cancerous ; af- ter two or three different applications,- the complaint increased and spread rapidly. Lot Trip, having heard of my complaint, mentioned this root — I call- ed on him to know the particulars of it ; he gave me the necessary information : the root was procured, and used in the manner above mentioned, taking a mouthful of water in which the roots were boiled, and let it drop over my lips as hot as I could bear it ; this I dird three or four times a day, and then kept the root to it a day and a night ; and m two days the pain entirely left me, and in two week* it was cured. USEFUL RECEIPTS. 3J 44. jRemeHyJbr Cancers* BURN half a busl>el or three pecks of green old field red oak bark to ashes ; boil these ashes m three gallons of water until reduced to one ; strain that one gallon off, and boil it away to a substance sin»ilar to butter-milk or cream ; apply a small quantity on a piece of silk er lint to the cancer, but no larger than the place or part affected. I have known two plaisters to effect a cure, where the can- cer lay in a proper position for the medicine imme- diately to peneti-ate to the roots of it ; otherwise, it may take several plaisters, as the medicine must be repeated every two hours until the roots of the can- cer are killed ; then apply healuig salve, with a lit- tle mercurial ointment mixed thereon, and dress it twice a day until cured, which will certainly be the case in twenty or thirty days at farthest. I have known several persons entirely relieved by the above prescription : and one in particular, after two attempts by a skilful physician to remove the cancerous parts by exusion. After being greatly alarmed myself from a can- cer about three years ago, and having followed some time the directions of an experienced physician, I, contrary to his orders, and notwithstanding the fears of my family, happily applied two plaisters of the ^4 VSEft'L RECEIPT*?, above medicine, and no symptoms o{ it have ap- peared since. 45. Recijiefor the Cure of the HydrrAhobla^ or the Bite of a Mud Dog. [By a Physician of respectability in Nevv'-York.] , PLACE a blister on the wound immediately, the sooner the better ; and even if this has been neg- lected till the wound has healed, it is necessaiy to apply it ; also, apply blisters to the inside of the an- cles, wrists, and between the shoulders of the pa- tient, keeping two running at a time. Keep the patient in the free use of vinegar, either in food or drink ; and if he has not got a light room, make it so by hun^jing up blankets ; then boil a quart or two of vinegar, place it in the room of the patient on a dianng-dish or kettle of coals, and let the patient continue in the room fifteen minutes at a time morning and evening, and ofttn wet his ancles, feet and wrists with it. Give him three or four doses of the following me- dicine in the course of three weeks, that is, as of- ten as one in five or six days : — Calomel eight grains, native cinnabar and salt of amber each four ounces, to each dose, to be taken in the -morning in VSEFUL RI^CEIPTS. 55 molasses ; also, give him a decoction of tea, made of sarsapharilla root and guiacum chips, (comnicn- ly called lignum vitse dust). If the patient is actu- ally labouring under the symptomsof the hydropho- bia, give the several remedies more frequently ; if soon after the bite, as above. If the patient actual- ly has the disorder, when first attended to, repeat the remedies until he I'ecovers ; if immediately af- ter the bite, it will be necessaiy to attend him for three weeks, which genfrally clears him from in- fection. His diet must be light and easy of diges- tion generally, though he may make a moderate use of animal food ; but he must strictly avoid the use of spirituous liquors. The above is the ge- neral plan I follow. LOT TRIP. 46. Cure for the Bite of a Mad Dog. THE roots of elecampane, (the plant star-wort) pounded soft, boiled in new milk, and given plenti- fully to any thing that is bitten, during forty-eight hours, (keeping the subject from all other food) have been found an effectual remedy for this dread- ful and frequently fatal malady .-^,V. Y. Pajier. ^$ tiSEIUL RECEIPTS. 47. Cure for the Bite of a Mad Doj. THE following remedy for the bite of a mad dog i$ recommended in the French papers : — A new laid egg is to be beaten up and put into a frymg-pan, with oil of olives, cold drawn, and dressed, but not too dry. Into this is to be put a great quantity of powder of calcined oyster shells, which is to be sprinkled in such C]uantities as the mixture will ab- sorb. This is to be given as a dose which is to b^ repeated fornine days fasting ; and the wound is at the same time to be washed with salt water. The author of it professes to have tried it Avith repeated success, on man, dogs, and other animals. TROM A CHARLESTON PAFER. 43. T/ie Jn/allible Cure for the Dysentery. I HAVE been acquainted with it nearly forty years, and never knew it to fail. I have cured all that ever had it on my plantation, and myself seve- ral times. Not forty days past, I was afilictedwith the dysentery, andcuredmyself with the receipt un- der written. About thirty ye?irs ago, I cured, tsi^o persons in Charleston, who had been under the care of three physicians, and it had baflled th^ir art and rfifiFUL RECEIPTS. Sf «kill ; yet this receipt cured them in a few days. The public may rely on the efficacy and infullibilitf «f the receipt, viz.— As soon as you find the fiux is bad, if possible before it comes to the dysentery, drink three or four tea-cupfu's of melted suet dai- ly, say a cup full every three or four hours ; let the food be the flour of well parched Indian corn made into a pap with new milk, and sweetened with leaf sugar; and let the drink be nothing else but a strong tea made with chipped logwood, or red oak bark, and sweetened with loaf sugar, though it will do without sweetening. When you find it is check- ed, make the tea weaker ; should it stop too sud- den, take a little salts. With the above simples, I can cure thousands without the loss of one. Th© <;ure will be eftected in five, six or seven days. 4' — 49. Cure for the Dysentery, TAKE of the roots of thelov,r-runningb!ackber- i-y vine, one large handful ; make a strong tea of them in the same manner as you would make other tea, only let it' stand on the cbals a little longer — . Give ^wo tea-cups full to an adult;' and one to a child. After it has operated, give the patient a plenty of low balm ten, or cold Svater if preferred. Be careful when the appetite returns, to give them o 38 USEFUL RECEIPTS. but a little to eat at a time, and that as often as the appetite calls, and no oftener. This blackberry root tea operates as a thorough but gentle purge in this complaint, and as soon as it operates, it changes the nature of the stools ; that is, instead of blood, Sec. the stools will be of a greenish froth, and SQ will continue to be until they become natural. 50. Cure for the Dysenterrj. TAKE ncAV churned butter without salt, and just skimming off the curdy part, when incited over a clear fire, give two spoonfuls of the clarified re- mainder, twice or thrice within a day, to the per- son so affected. This has never failed to make al- most an instant cure. 5 1 . For the Dysentery Isf Colera, or Vomiting. TAKE oil of pennyroyal, two drops to a tablcr spoonful of molasses, syrup or honey ; after being well stirred up, let one tea-spoonful be administer- ed every hour until it has the desired effect, which from experience, I can safely assure the public, will be found in every case of the ubo\ e disorder, tQ USEFUL RECEIPTS. be a speedy and certain cure. For a grown person, the dose may be doubled, and given in the same manner. From an Old Lady, .^- 52. Jn Infallible Cure for ths St. Anthony's Fire. I AM neither pliysician, snrgeon, apothecary nor nostrum-monger, (says a correspondent) but totally ignorant of the materia niedica, except that I have swallowed large draughts of it, to cure me of pain- ful returns of St. Anthony's Fire at spring and fall. In vain, alas ! did I swallow ; for the saint was con- stant in his visit at the accustomed time, notwith- standing the repeated prophecies of my doctor and apothecaries to the contrary. Fortunately for me, ten years since, I was favoured with a visit from a good lady, during the spring confinement, who told me, if I would at the time, take the eider tree blos- soms and in the spring of the year, at each season, for a month, drink every morning fasting, half a pint of elder flower tea, and the same in the after- noon, that it would drown the saint. The next season of the elder tree blossoming, I followed her advice, as also the spring following, and have done so these nine years ; since wliich time, the saint has not tormented me in the least. I have recommend- ed this tea, from my experieiice of its ef£cacy, to i4Q USErri. RECEIPT^. ten of my fellow-sufferers since my own case, every one of whom has found it a specific remedy. AVhen the elder tree is in blossom, a sufficient quantity of the flowers should be gathered, in a dry day, and dried with great care for the spring use. The tea is made, by pouring a quart of boiling wa- ter on two handfuls of elder flowers, when green ; a less quantity will do when dry. It may be drank hot or cold, as best suits the stomach. Each sin- gle blossom is not to be picked ofl", but the heads from the main stalks. ■4- 53. JFor St. .Anthony's Fire. TAKE a purge ; and anoint with the marrow of mutton. 54. An adirirable B-ecipe for a Ccnsiimpthn. TAKE of Madeira, (or good generous moun- tain) wine, two quarts ; balsam of Gilead, two ounces ; albanum in tears, (grossly powdered) tv.'o ounces, flowers of Benjamin half an onnccj let the mixture stand three or four days near the fire, fre- quently shaking ; then addtIieretO;of Narbonne honey VSE'FVL RECEtPTS. 41 ' four oflr.ces, extract of Canadian maiden hair eight ounces, shake the bottle ^vdl, and strain olTthe li- quor. The dose two tea-spoonfuls, to be taken once in fonr hours, in Colt-foot tea or water, sweet- ened witli capillaire. N.B. The Canadian maiden-hair, which we now import from thence in great plenty is infinitely su- perior to that which groAvs in England. A strong ihfusibn made of this herb, sweetened with honey or sugar candy, is the best ptizan which can possi- lily he draivk by consumptive people, and Avill of it- self (.ure any recent cough. 55. Cure for the Hear I -Bum. EAT two or three meats of peach-stones, of any kind of peach, and it will effect a cure immediately. Those which are dry are preferable. -ib- FROM A VIRGINIA PAPER. 56. InfaHible and Effecttidl Cure for the Stone. THROUGH theehannel of your paper Irequest a publicatiwvof the following cure for the -stone by O 2 42 VSEFCL RECEIPTS. dissolution. The genileman by v.hosc consenl and desire, and upon v hose authofily the subsequent facts are ofTered to the public, is a Mr. Richard Major, of Loudon county, in this state, minister of th.e baptist society ; a man of integrity, and,tnucli respected. Being in company with him a few days ago, I had the follov-'ing relation from his ovvii moutli : — That having for a number of years been afflicted vith that painful disease, he was at length inform- ed that a certain physician, his name unknown, la- bouring under the same disease, being at Berk- ley spring, a negro man there profferred to cui'c him : This he at first disregarded, but expecting a speedy dissolution unless some aid could be obtained, afterwards sent for the negro, •who agreed to cure hiin for three ppimds. lie ac- cordingly undertool<, and in a short time effectually eradicated the disorder. The physician then gave hiin his choice of freedom by purchase in lieu of the contract betwixt them, on condition he ■would disclose the means of the cure ; to which the slave agreed. The receipt is the expressed ju:ce of horse-mint and red onions ; one gill of each to be taken moniing and evening till the complaint be re- moved. That he, Mr. Major, being urged to atri- «il of the above-mentioned remedy, submitted to if, though with some reluctance, as he conceived his VSEFUL RECEIPTS. term of life to be bat short at most. Not having it in his power to procure green mint, so as to get the juice, he used instead thereof, a strong decoc- tion of the dried herb : in other respects strictly, ad- hering to the prescription, -which had the desired effect. He began the experiment in August, and Avithin a week he had occular demonstration of dis- solution by the slightest touch of a particle that had passed from him, which continued so to do without pain or the least obstruction, until th.e stone was en- tirely dissolved, and the cure ccmpleatly effected before the ensuing spring. That from the time the disorder began to yield as aforesaid, he daily reco- vered his health, strength and flesh, and was in as good phght as ever, age excepted, being at the time seventy two years of age, with an appearance corresponding with his own account ; and as he farther said, without the slightest attack of the dis- order from the time he began to use the above means of cure. This, at his request, is communi- cated to the public by DANIEL ROBERDIEU. 57, Indian Method of Curing Sfiitting of Blo6d. [Communicated in a letter to the late Doctor Mead.] THE following case is a very extraordinary one j •44 • ^^^y^U L -« KGErPITJ . t)Ut Tknow the gentleman to be a mnn of veracity, find had this acctmnt from his own mouth. He "^V^s «f a thin, hcitic constitution, and la^xmred irti- r, tliC cleaner and drier the belter ; very course sugar, iirst clui'ified, ^vill do equally as well : stir it well, till the sugar is ■well dissolved, and then bung it up. Your juice should not stand o- ver night if you can possibly help it, as it should not ferment before mixture. Observe that your cask be sweet and clean. Do not be prevailed on to add more than one third of juice, as above prescrib- ed', for that ■would render it infallibly hard and un- pleasant : nor yet a <:;reatcr proportion of sugar, aS it will certainly dcpiive it of its pure vinous taste. OF .MAKING SUNDRY SORTS OF BRITISH WINES. 70, Currant Mine. PICK the currants (when they are full ripe) clean from the st?.lks, then put them into an earthen ves- sel, and pour on them fair and clean hot water, that is, a quart of water to a gallon of currants ; then Jjruise or marsh them together, and let them stand and ferment ; then cover them for tAvelve hours, sti'ain them through fine linen into a large earthen crock, (as they say in Sussex) and then put the li- quor into a cask, and thereto put a little ale-yeast j P 2 54 VSEFVL RECEIPTS, and vhen worked and settled, bottle it off. This is exceeding pleasant, and very wholesome for cool- ing the blood. In a week's lime it will be fit for bottling. 4, . 71. Artificial Claret. TAKE six gallons of water, two gallons of the best cider, and thereto put eight potmds of the best Malaga raisins bruised ; k-t them stand close cover- ed in a warm place for two weeks, stirring them eve- ry two days well together ; then press out the liquor into a vessel again, and add to it a quart of the juice of barberries, (which-perhaps is best) to which put a pint of the juice of black cherries : work it up >yith mustard seed covered v»"ith bread paste for three or four days, by the fire side ; after which, let it stand a week ; then bottle it oft", and it Avill be- come near as good, if not so as to exceed, common elaret. — 4»- — 72. Gooseberry IVitie, THE best way is to take for every three pounds of fi'uit one pound of sugar, and a quait of fair water ; boil the water very well, but you must put in the aforesaid quantity of WSEFUL RECEIPTS. -55 sugar v.hen it is boiled ; bruise the fruit, and steep it twenty-four hours in the water ; stir it some time, then strain it off, and put the sugar to it, and let it stand in a runlet close stopped for a fort- night ; then draw it off, and set it up in a cellar, and, in two months, it will be fit to drink. 73. Raspberry Wine. TAKE the raspberries clear from the stalks ; to a gallon of v>hich put a bottle of Avhite-wine, and lee them infuse in an earthen vessel two or three days close covered ; then bruise the berries in the wine, and strain them through fine linen gently ; then let it simmer over a moderate fire ; skim off the froth, and then strain it again, and, with a quarter of a pound of loaf sugar to a gallon, let it settle ; then, in half a pint of white wine, boil an ounce of well scented cinnamon, and a little mace, and put the wine, strained from the spice, into it, and bottle it up. 4, 74. Damson Wine. DRY the damsons in an oven after you have tak- en out your bread, then to every quart of damsons 56 USEFUL RECEIP.TS. piit three quarts of fair water, l)\it first boil it very well ; then put the water nv.d claiwsons inio a runlet with sugar ; and having stood a time an flic lent, bot- tle it oiT. 75. Tll?ic r>f Graf 103. WHEN they^re fully ripe, in a dry day, pick off those grapes that are ripest ; and squeeze them in a vat or press made for that purpose, in which must be a fine canvas bag to contain the grapes, and v.hcn in the press do not. squeeze thtm so hard as to break the seeds if you can help it ; because the bruised seeds M'ill give the wine a disagreeable taste : then strain it well, and let it settle on the lees in such a cask or vessel as you may draw it off without raising the bottom ; then season a ciisk well with some scalding water, and dry iter scent it with a linen rag dipped in brimstone, by fixing it at the bouge, by the bung or cork ; then put the wine in- to it, and stop it close for forty-eight hours ; then give it vent at the bonge, v.ith a hole made \n\]\ a gimlet ; in which put a peg or fawcet, that may b-e easily moved with the fingers ; then, in I'.bout two days time, it will be fit for driiiking, and prove al- most as good as French wine. VSEFUI. RECEIPTS. 5f 76. IVine of Stratvbernes or Basfiberries. MASH the berries, and put them into a linen bag, as aforesaid said for the grapes, and squeeze them into a cask, and then let it work as in the aforesaid grape receipt, &c. In this manner may cherry wine be made ; but then you must break the seeds, contrary to what was said before concerning the grapes. -#■ 77. A short way for Cherry TVine. SQUEEZE the juice of cherries into a cask, and thereto put a small quantity of sugar, correspond- ing to the quantity of juice ; and when stood a Xnonth, it will be a pleasant liquor. 78. Black Cherry Wine. IN the same manner, take a gallon or more of the juice of black cheifies, and keep it in *a vessel close stopped till it works ; and after it is fine, add an ounce of sugar to each quart, and a pint of whit© wine. ^8 VSEfUi. RE0E1?T5. 79. Mead. TAKE six gallons of wuter, and ibeve^^o put six quarts of honey, stirring it till the honey be tho- roup:hly mixed ; then set it over the fire, and when ready to I)oil, scum it very well : then put to it « quarter of an ounce of mace, and as much ginger, and half an ounce of nutmegs, some sweet marjo- ram, thyme, arid sweet briar, together a handful ; then boil them in the liquid, then let it stand by till cold, and then barrel it up for use. ' '^^ 80. To make Beet',, TjithoiU Matt. TAKE thirteen gallons of water, l)oi] and scum It, put two pounds of brown sugar and two pounds of treacle to it ; boil them together haif an hour, strain the liquor thro' a sieve, and put to it a penny worth or two ofhyium, when cold ; avoiV. it a day and a night, then turn it : let it stand m the barrid a day and a nip,ht, theii bottle it, and put into each bottle a tea-spoon fuH of bi'o^k'n su^'ar. 81. For p-csd^ifig Jj'/tlfs thro' the irivter. THE secret of preici'vin;^- apples tbtough the CSSrUI. RECEIPTS. 5^ winter, in a sound state, is of no small importance?. Some say that shuitingthemup in a tight cask is an effectual method, and it seems probable ; for they soon rot in open air. But an easier method, aiid what has recommended itself to me by the expeii- ence of several years, is as folloAvs :— . I gather them about noon, at the full of the mcon, in the latter part of September or beginning of Oc- tober. Then spread them in a chamber or garret, where they lie till about the last of November Then remove them into casks or boxes, in the cel- lar, out of the way of the frost ; but I pr^fi^r a cool part of the cellar. With this management I find I can keep them till the last of May, so well that not one in fifty v/ill rot. 82. To fiickle Cucumbers^ green. WASH them, and dry them in a cloth ; then lake water, vinegar, salt, fennel tops, some dill-tops, and a little mace ; m^ke it sharp enough for taste ; then boil it awhile, then take it off and let it stand till cold ; then put it in the cucumbers and stop the Vessel close,and within a week they will be fit for use. 60 ¥SEFUL RECEIPTS. 83. To Jackie French Beans. TAKE them while young, and cut off the stalks, then take good vinegar and boil it with pepper ^nd salt ; season it to your palate, and let it stand till cold ; then take the beans and put them into a stone jar, placing dill between the layers, and then put in the pickle, and cover them close foi" three weeks ; then take the pickle and boil it again, and put it into the beans boiling hot ; cover them close, and when cold they 'svili be lit to eat. Or, French beans may be pickled thus : Take your beans and string them, boil them tender, then take them off and let them stand till cold ; then put them into pickle of vinegar, pepper, salt, cloves, jnace, and a little ginger. 81. To {dckle Walnuts, to eat like 7na>igoea. TAKE green walnuts, before the shell has grown to any hardness in them ; pick them from the stalks and put them into cold water, and set them on a gentle fire, till the outward skins begin to peel off ; then, with coarse cloth, wipe it off ; then put them into a jar, and put water and salt therein, sliift- ing it once a day for ten days, till the bitterness a" ' USEFUL RECEIPTS. 61 discolouring of the vrater be gone ; then take a good quantity of mustard seed, which beat up with vine- gar, till it becomes coarse mustard ; then take some clove of garlic, some ginger, and a little cloves and mace ; make a hole in each nut, and put in a little of this ; then take white-wine vinegar, and boil them together, which put to the nuts boiling hot, with some pepper, ginger, cloves and mace, as also, some of the mustard seed and garlick, which keep close slopped for use. 85. To Fickle Mushrooms: FIRST blanch them over the crowns, and barb them beneath ; then put them into a kettle of boil- ing water, then take them forth and let them drain ; when they are cold, put them into your jar or glass, and put to them cloves, mace, ginger, nutmeg and whole-pepper ; then take white-wine, a little vine- gar, and salt ; then pour the liquor into the mush- rooms, and stop them close for use. '>? 86. To Pickle Lemon and Orange Peel. BOIL them in vinegar and sugar, and put them into the same pickle : observe to cut them into o .62 VSEFVL RECEIPTS. small long thcngs, the length of half the peel of your lemon ; it ought to be boiled in water, before it is boiled in vinegar and sugar. -'t- 67. To Preserve Fruit gree}i. TAKE pippins, apricots, pears, plumbs, or peaches, when they are green ; scald them in hot water, and peel them ; then put thein into another water, not so hot as the first ; then boil them very tender, and take the weight of them in sugar, and put to them as much water as n'xW make a syrup to ccyat' them ; llien boil the syrup till it be somewhat thick, and when cold, put them together. 83. To Preserve Raspberries, TAKE good raspberries that are not too ripe, but very whole ; take av.ay the stalks, and put them in* to a flat bottomed eai-then pan ; boil sugar, and pour it over your raspberries, then let them stand to be cool ; and when they arc cold, pour them softly in- to your preserving kettle and let them boil tiU your gyrup be boiled pretty thick : scum them very well in the boiling >* this done, put them in pots, and when cold, covor them up close for use. USEFUL RECEIPTS. ^3 89. To Preserve Barberries. TAKE one pound of barberries picked from ibe stalks, put tlietn in a pottle-pot, and set it in a brass pot full of hot water, and when they are sie\vcd, strain them, and put to the burbenies one and an half pounds of sugar, and to tliem put a pint of rose- water, and boil them a little ; then take half a pound of the fairest clusters of barberries you can get, and dip them in the ^yrup while it is boiling ; thai take the barberries out, and boil the syrup till it is thick, and v/hen cold, put them in glasses with the syrup. # 90. To Preserve Currants. LAY a layer of currants, and then a layer of su- gar, and then boil them together as before prcscrib- ed for rasfiberries ; scum tliem in boiling till the syrup is pretty thick ; then take them off, and v/hen they are pretty cold, put them in gallypots or glass- es closely stopped. 91. To Preserve Walnuts green. BOIL the v/alnuts till the water tastes bitter, - then take them off, and put them in cold water ; i4 WSErt'L KECEIPTS. peel off the bark, and weigh as much sugar as they weigh, and a little more water will then wet the su- gar : set them on the fire, and when they boil up, take tljem off ; let them stand two days, and thw-n koil again. .4, 92. To Preserve Cherries. FIRST take some of the worst cherries, and boil them in fair water, and when the liquor is well co- loured, strain it ; then take some of the best cher- ries, with their weight in beaten sugar ; then lay one layer of sugar, and another of cherries, till all is laid in the preserving kettle ; then pour a little li- quor of the worst of cherries into it, and boil the cherries till they are well coloured : then take them up and boil the syrup till they will button on the aide of a plate ; and when they are cold, put theju up in a glass close covered for use. 93. To Candy Cherrie». TAKE cherries before they be full npe, and take •ut the stones : then take clarified sugar boiled to a height, and pour it on them. USEFUL RECEIPTS. 6ff 94-. To Candy Fears, Puimbs, J/vicots, iffc. TAKE them, and give every one a cut half through ; then cast sugar on them, and bake thera m an oven, as hot as for manchct, close stopped ; let them stand half an hour, then lay them one by one upon glass plates to dry, and they will appear very fine and clear : in this manner you may candy any otner fruit. 95. Of Jellies. LET them be of apples, currants, raspberries, kc. Take out the clear liquor v.hen squeezed, and boil it with sugar till it is as thick as a jelly. Then put into glasses, and cover it close. 56. ^ method of Presei~nng Eggs. EGGS keep very well when you can exclude air ; ■rtliich is best done by placing a grate in any run- ning water, and putting eggs, as the hens lay them, on the upper side of the grate, and there let them lie, covered with water, till you are going to use G9 ¥SElL'i. IIKCEU'MS. them, ^vllen you will find them as good as if they had been lain that day. This way answers much better than greasing ; as sometimes one place is missed which spoils the whole egg : even those that are fresh never eat so well. In places where peo- ple a'-'2 afraid their eggs will be stolen, tliey should make a chest with a number of slits in it, that the water may get in freely ; the top of which being above the v/ater, may be locked down. Mill-dams are the most proper for these chests or grates. N. B. The water must continually cover the eggs, or tiiey will spoil. 'k • 97. To Cure Hams, as is practised m Virginia. T'AKE 6 pounds cf fine salt, 3 pounds of brown sugar, or 3 pints of molasses, 1 pound of salt-petre powdered ; Mix all these together, to ser\^ for twenty-four liams : rub each ham well all over with this mix- ture, and pack them down in a cask or tub, and let them so remain for five or six days ; then turn them, and sprinkle some salt lightly over them, and so let them remain five or six days more, then add brine or pickle strong enough to bear an e^^y and let them remain covered with it for a monthj, when they will be fit to smoak. USEFUL RECEIPTS. 6/ 98. Another Mode^ equally as good a7id aim file. TO four gallons of soft river water, add one pound of brown sugar, four ounces of siilt-petrc, and eight pounds of coarse salt. Boil all these toget'i- er, and carefully take off the scum as it rises ; wheu clear, let it remain till cold, then pour it over the Tneat till covered, and the quantity of pickle must be increased according to the quantity of meat ; the meat must not be pressed, but put lightly into a cask, and remain in for six or seven weeks, when it will be fit to smoke. 99. For a vcater to Destroy Bugs, Flies, AntSy and other insects, on tender jdants. [Livented by C. Tatin, Seedsman and Florist at Paris.]: THE receipt for this valuable composition, and which obtained for the ingenious author a reward from the Bureau de Consultam, who desired it might be made as public as possible, is thus given* in the celebrated Annales de Chimic : — > Take of black soap four ounces, Flour of sulphur four ounces, Mushrooms of any kind four ounces,. 68- USEFUL RECEII'TS. Water wherein dung- has been soaked, two gallons : and thus ui proportion. Divide the water into equal parts ; pour one part into a barrel, vat or any vessel of convenient size ; Arhich should be used only for this purpose ; let the black soap be stirred in it till it is dissolved, and then add to it the mushrooms after they have been slightly bruised. Let the remaininghalf of the wa- ter be made to boil in a kettle : put the whole quan- tity of sulphur into a coarse linen cloth, tie it up with a thread in form of a parcel, and fasten it to a stone or other weiglit, to make it sink to the bot- tom. During twenty minutes, being the time that the boiling should continue, stir it well with a stick, and let the packet of sulphur be squeezv.'d so as to rcake it yield to the water all its {X)wer and colour. The effect of the water is not rendered more pow- erful by increasing the quantity of ingredients. The water, when taken off the fire, is to be pour- ed mto the vessel, with the remaining water, where it is to be stirred a short time with a stick ; this stirring must be re]>eated every day, till the mix- ture becomes foetid, (or putrid) in the highest de- gree. Experience shews, that the older and more f(£tid the composition is, the more quick is its ac- tion. It is necessary to take care to stop the ves- sel well QXi-rv time the mixture is stirred. When we wish to make use of this water, wc need only »SEFOL RECEIPTS. C9 sprinkle it on the plants, or plunge their l^ranches into it : but the best manner of using it, is to ejsct it on them witli a syringe, or squirt gun. 4. 100. To Kill Lice on Cattle. TAKE a broad woollen list, as broad as your hand, that will go round about his neck ; then wet the hst well in train oil, and sew it about the beasts neck, and the lice will come to it, and it will kill them if there were ever so many ; daub some about the breast in several places, and they will come to it, and it will kill them. No flies in summer will come near any wound or sore, where this is ap- plied, for it Thrill kill them. .4,. 101. To Destroy Bugs^ and rid Houses of them. TO remove these noisome and troublesome ver- min, take oil of turpentine, wash over the walls and bedsteads Avith it, or particularly where there are any crevices, cracks or crannies, and they will die away, and the room, after some time using it, no more be pestered with them. The juice of Avormwood and rue is very good to 70 tySfcFfL RfrcE;rTS. Avabh the b.clsteads, crevices, or any place where yon suppose they are, and IFyoif would lie safe a- mong thousands in a tbom, I'ince your sheets irt water, v herein sassufras has bcui well steeped, and they win not enter npon thcni ; or you inay lay that wood in slices among your linen, and it will have the same effect. Keep yoiir rooms airy and clean always. AGRICULTURAL. To Fjxmexs. 102. J71 eaty method to preserve Wheat and l^e . /ro7n the WcaviL AS you stack wheat, en every two or three lay- ers of sheaves, spread some elder leaves and.branch- es. This was communicated to me by a farmer, who tried tlie experiment with success las^t year. The same inform.a^it adds, that he hl's read in histo- ry, that the same remedy has been s^iphed in Eu- rope, Vtiien they have occasion to lay up a sevei> year's store, Sec. As the remedy is easy, it is to be hoped that farmers will avail them.selves of the ad- vantage. Exporters of fiOur fi-om the states have iKAhing so m u ch tt) fear. Im^t c tora of fiovir ought •VSETrL RECEIPTS. %l i^ be guarded against this evil ; no such flour ought to be suffered to leave the states. The crej- dit of our flour abroad depends on the inspectors. N. B. Lime, applied as above, will produce the same efiect. .4,. i 103. To fireserve Indian CorJificm Birds^ isfc. TO prevent your Indian corn when planted, from being taken up by birds or destroyed by woi'ms or insects, take about one pint of tar to a bushel of seed corn, and in the like proportion for a greater quantity, and stir it well together till every grain receives a part of the tar. This will effectually an,- -swer the purpose required. 104. For Inocitlating Fruit Trees. AUGUST and September are the proper months to innoculate or bud most kinds of fruit trees ; an operation that every landholder should have some knowledge of. When a tree has finished its growth for the year, a bud is formed at the very tip or end .of the twig ; which denotes that it is in a proper State to bud or inoculate. Some trees are indeed 72 USEFUL RECEIPTS. an exception, as they continue growing almost the •whole seuson, and may be buclckd through all July and August. With a sharp knife, slit the bark of any twig not more than half an inch thick, and not less than a quarter of an inch. Carefully cut through the bark, but not to wound the wood under it. Let the slit be rather more than an inch long. In like manner cut half an inch long across this slit, at the bottom, so that the two cuts through the bark will resemble a j^ bottom upwards. Then take a bud of the fruit you wish to propagate^ with its bark near an inch Jong, taking care to loosen it from the woody part of the stem, so as to put it off from your thum!) and finger, separating the bark and the eye under the bud fronr the wood. If the eye is left on the wood, vou must throw by the bud and take another. Then insert the bud under the j^, before described, and bind it down with woollen strings, or well soaked strips of bark of bass wood, leaving the eye of tlie bud to the air. In two or three weeks, the bud will unite with the stalks, when the string must be loos- ened. The stocks may be cut away the next spring. This method is on many accounts better than graft- ing. It gives the farmer another cliance, provided lii 3 grafts fail in' the spring. Stone fruits succeed only or best with inoculation. Small twigs, too small for common grafting, answer well— rand alcove •SEPUt RECEIPTS. V'f all, In this way, very little injury is clone to the etock. In a fruit country, this method ought to be well understood. A con'espondent says, tliat cow- dung, with the addition of a very little salt, is s good plaister for the wounds of fruit trees. When large limbs are cut off, the stumps should be cover- ed to keep out the air. Too much salt will spoil the tree. 105. To take FUm off a Horse's Eye, BLACK Pepper, finely ground, and sifted tliro* a piece of gauze ; add thereto fine ground salt, of each as much as will lay on the point of a case knife, mixing them well together ; then take as tnuch dough as will thinly cover an ounce ball, make it flat, place the pepper and salt thereon, and roll them up, making the same about the size of an ounce ball ; then put it as low down as possible in the off ear, fastening tlie ear so as to prevent its falling out. The above takes off die worst of films, and no way injures the horse. This receipt has been used rnany years in this place with the great- est sucgcss. E 7i USEFUL RECEIPTS. 106. ACuTifcrShe&Ji'Bitinff. AN intelligent farmer in New-Jersey seized a dog which often worried and bit his sheep. He tied the lejj of the dog by a tether to the leg of a strong active rarn, and placed them on the top of a hill. The ram immediately began to kick and butt the dog, Avho after a little snapping, attempted to fiy. The tether held him, so that the ram easily over- took, kicked and butted him. After a short time, the ram, excited to exertion, raced down the hill, and forced the dog after him. When the dog was so punished as not to forget it, he was let loose, andl would never touph a sheep afterwards. 107. An easy and sure Method to find due J\/lrth and South. TAKE a smooth piece of board, draw on it foui*, five or six circles, fasten it on the top of a post, stick a pin in the center which tke circles are draAvn on within each other ; observe in the forenoon oa which circle the shadow of the head of the pi» USEFUL nECJ'^IPTS. 7o Strikes, and make a tiKirk.; theivin the afternoon observe when it strikes on tlie other side of the same circle ; then find thss ccote.ran the circle, then stril'e a line from one te the other, which canivjt fciil of beinf; norlh and south. PIlfTS. INDEX. T Pagm, A O set a iJIue Vat of twelve Barrels, 9 Form of a Vat and other Utensils for Dyin.^, 10 To fit Cloths for Dying, IJ Another method for Blue, 15 Another do. 16 Directions to be observed in common Colouring, 16 To Clean a Copper, 18 A General Rule, 18 Tor Blue, 19 do. 20 Prussian Blue, Compound or Chymick, 20 Another ISIetiiod for Bluing or Compound, 21 Prussian Blue, 21 For Green, 22, 25, 24, 25 For BoUle Greenj 25, 26 For Oliv- Green, 27 For Yellow, . 27, 28, 39 For Buff Yellow, 29 To take the Colour out of Cloth, 29, 30 Scarlet Red, 31, 32 For Crimson Red, 52, 33 For Red with Redwood or Nicaragua, 34 Crimson Red with Redwood, 54 lor Red v/ith Madder, 35 ] or Merroon Red, 36 I'o:- Polished Red with Madder, 27 For Portable Red, 38 For Claret Red, 39 For Claret, 39 For Madder Red to be dyed a Claret, 40 For Scarlet to be dyed Claret or any dark colour, 40 For Cherry Colour, 41 For Violet Colours, 41 For Pink Colour, 43 For Flesh Colour, ,43 I'or Orange Colour, 43, 44 For Brown, 44 For London Brown or Corbeau with Camw ood. 45 For London Brown or Corbeau with Nicaragua, 46 London Brown or Corbeau with Red-wood, 4r London Brown, 48 For Reddish Brov/n, 49 For Spanish Brown, 49 For London Smoke, 50 Cinnamon Brown, 51 For Smoke Brown, 51 For Liver Brown, 51 For Olive Brown, 52, 53 For a light Snuff BroAvn, 53 For Snuff Brown, 54, 55, 56 For dark Snuff Bro^vn, 54 For Bat-wing Brown, 57 For Slate Brown, 5a For Dove or Lead Brown, 58 For Pearl or Silver Grey, 59 For Light Brown, 60 For Ash Brown, 60 For Drab Brown, 60 For Drab, 61, 62 For Forest Cloth, 62 For Liver Drab, ( 63 For Light Liver Drab, 63 For a Maddei- Drab, 63 For a Green Drab, 64 For a Reddish Drab, 64 For Light Dral), For Yellow Dra&, 65 65 For a Yellow Drab, Dark, 65 For a Forest Brown, 6G R2 For a Davk Forest Broun, 66 For Paris •Mud, 66 I or a Ravtr. Colour, 67 I'Qr C'row w iih Copperas, 68 lor Crov/, with Uluini'j or Compounrl, 68 For Crow, with Blue Vitriol, 69 For Black, 6?, 71, 72, 73 Ri-ccipts /or Cotton and Linen. Blue, 74 do. Cold, 75 do. Hot, 76 Tt> take thj C )loiu' out of Siik, Cotton or Linen, y?hfn spotted, or another colour is wished — Hot, 76 Ffor Green on Silk — Hot. 77 Green on Cotton or Linen — Hot, 7S Yeilow — Hot, 78 (^r)i:an;>e Colour, 78 Fles'.i Colour — Hot, 79 Red— Cold, 79 Jleddisii BiTATn — H»t, 79 For Plum!) Colour or Purple on Silks — Hot, 80 Furpleon Cotton and Linen — Cold, 80 Jliv-u-n— Cold, 81 \iiy:t or Lc:-d Colour— Cold, 82 Olive—Cokl, 83 do. Oil Sills, Cotton or Linen — Plot, 84 Liiijht Olive oi\ Cotton and Linen — Hot, 84 Sia'.e Colour — Hot, 34 jlk^xk— Hot, 8^ do. Cold, 85 (icneral Ohservationp., 87 ■J;)irvctiGn3 for Dressing Cloth, 88 '.]r:cr FuHino- Cloth, 88 For thin Cloths, 91 To dress Siik and Cotton, Sec 9 1 Observations on the component parts of Colours, and Dye-Stuffs, ' 95 ColcurLng i:-.Ik, U4 Dying Cotton and Linen, 115 Observations on the present Situation of the Dyer's Business, 1 1 6 Observations on iVLmufacturing Clotli, 117 4» Part Second. To Jack or harden Leather for Caps, Sec. 3 To make Varnish for Leather, -t To prepare Feal'aers, Fur, and Hair, to receive Red, Yellow or Green, 4 To colour Feathers, Fuv, &c. Red, 4 To colour Feathers, Fur, Hair, and Woollen or Silk, Blue, of any shade, 5 To colour Feathers, &c. Yellow and Green, 6 To colour Feathers, &c. Black, 6 To Lacker Brass and Tin- Ware, T To make Oil-Cloth for Hats, Umbrellas, Sec. 8 To make Oil-Cloth for Carpets, 8" To boil Oil for Painting, 8 To make Stone Colour, 9 To make Pearl Colour, y To make deep Blue, 9 To make Sea Green, 10 Verdtgrease Green, 10 Orange Colour for Carpets, ID To slack Verdi grease, 10 To make Vermillion, 11 Of Rose Lake, commonly called Rose Pink, i^ For Prussian Blue, 13 For making Black Ink, 1^ For Red Ink, j;q Painting with Milk, 17 Resinous Milk Paint, 1.9 1^0 stain Cherry a Maliogany Colour, %}y EHRJTji. AGE ir, lyle. 5, for dressings, read di/i/iingjsi Pdge 15, line 5, foi' cracking read smutting. In 9tiv receipt, 7lli line, read air and add. Receip-t 6rth fit-fct line, for ponnd, read fieck. Receipt 69, for £ai> i'Qa.d 7-05.V. Receipt 77, fur thirty read fAr^c. Htceipt ^j after madder, add ivj'j cuucet of Ccvniv'jod ; and' fi.!T stir read air. Recei])t 84, f<:»r twenty ounces re£Ml i'ti^ ounces. Receipt 94, for cracking and cracky MCid mnutiing and smitt. Receipt 96, for elder read alder., for rack, s?:mt. Receipt 103, for eool read hatt Receipt 118, for cracking re«d HmiUting, Pa^^ 8^, for nap read knots. Page b9, fci* drying, read dre&sing. Page 100, for v/eak read /«»VJ. Pa^t ICi*, |br ottei^ I'cad others, s z CO i; D PJt! f. PAGE 44, line 16, after Wvz word time-, insert Attd es soon as he came out to dath cold nvater igueral tixut oil his breast. * ■\ .'.* . A\