■i''^,-^'^' ■'/■ mm: •>,n '■MM'" '»>' ©ije ^- ^. pal ^ibrarg ^ortl[ Carolina ^tate CoUcje S00564112 J QK484 F6S5 4801S Sn 290€i'3: ^ kv/:; ;<^0cu5 / AULA fNo40P ::^v4tr I / This BOOK may be kept out TWO WEEKS ONLY, and is subject to a fine of FIVE CENTS a day thereafter. It is due on the day indicated below: 29 Oct '32 Bii 2aNo*4!C JUN 2 (i Kjs JUN 17 1964 OEC 1 1ii66 lDeH2|| 1 U0e'42Efi 6l^'6\A 23Jar.S v^sa li jwre^s^ 23Jan32A APK ] V ivy] FIL'OEIDA TEEES A HANDBOOK OF THE NATIVE AND NATURALIZED TREES OF FLORIDA BY JOHN KUNKEL SMALL, Ph.D., Sc.D. HEAD CURATOR OF THE MUSEUMS AND HERBARIUM OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN NEW YORK PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR 1913 Copyright, 1913 By John Kunkel Small Press of I E New era Printing Company LANCASrER. PA. PREFACE. This handbook contains descriptions of all the trees kno■\^^^ to the author to gi-ow naturally in Florida. The peculiar geographic position of Florida and the diversity of its surface, although apparently slight, results in a larger tree-flora than any other area of similar size in North America, at least north of the Tropic of Cancer; in fact, nearly one half of the trees known to occur naturally in North America north of Mexico and the West Indies, grow naturally in the relatively small area of the State of Florida. The state consists primarily of two major divisions, the first a northern portion, a comparatively naiTow strip of territoiy extending east and west for a distance of nearly four hundred miles. Here trees characteristic of temperate regions predominate. The second division consists of a large peninsula and accompanying islands, and the Florida Keys, extending southward into the eastern part of the Gulf of Mexico, for a distance of over four hundi-ed miles, reaching almost to the Tropic of Cancer. In this portion of the state, trees of temperate regions .gradually give place to those characteristic of subtropical regions; and these, in turn, on the Everglade Keys at the southern end of the peninsula, and on the Florida Keys, are replaced by trees of a strictly tropical character. However, this extraordinaiy arboreous floi-a is surprising when Ave take into account the simple topography and the slight diversity of climate in which it apparently was developed and in which it now thrives. The major divisions already referred to may be subdivided into a score of geographic regions, but on the following pages in connection with the distribution of the species, the northern portion of the state, the first mentioned major division, is subdivided into eastern, middle, and western. The peninsula, with its accompanying islands, is subdivided into a northern portion and a southern portion. Two prominent minor divisions of the southern portion are frequently mentioned, namely, the Everglades, and the Everglade Keys, which are situated in the southern end of the Ever- glades. The Florida Keys, which support a number of trees not known elsewhere in the state, lie for the most part, south of the mainland of peninsular Florida. At the end of each paragraph devoted to the geo- graphic distribution, the extralimital distribution of a species is indicated, thus "Go." and "Ala." indicate that outside of the state of Florida the plant is found only in Georgia or Alabama; and " Coni." means that the iii IV PREFACE. plant has a wider distribution and occurs in other parts of the North American mainland, while " W. I." is used to indicate that a plant occurs in the West Indies. The collections upon which the following study is based are at the New York Botanical Garden, and it is through the exploration carried on in tropical Florida under the auspices of that institution that the record of tropical trees in Florida is now much more complete than heretofore. J. K. Small. The New York Botanical Gakdex, April 30, 1913. CONTENTS. Key to the Orders vii-ix Descriptive Flora 1-102 List of Species published in this Flora 102 Index 103 KEY TO THE ORDERS. Ovules, and seeds, boi-ne on the face of a bract or a scale : stigmas wanting. Class 1. Gymnospermab. Ovules, and seeds, in a closed cavity (ovary) : stigmas present. Class 2. Angiospersiae. 1. Gymnospermae. Plants growing by lateral as well as by terminal buds, with scale-like, flat or needle- like leaves not circinate : embryo not prolonged into a spiral. Order Pixales. 2. Angiospermae. Cotyledon 1 : stem endogenous. Subclass 1. Moxocotyledonbs. Cotyledons normally 2: stem exogenous (with rare exceptions). Subclass 2. Dicotyledones. 1. Monocotyledones. Leaf-blades pinnately or palmately lobed, or compound : ovules solitary in each carpel-cavity. Order Arec.\.les. Leaf-blades narrow, entire or essentially so, simple : ovules many in each carpel-cavity. Order Liliales. 2. Dicotyledones. A. Corolla wanting, except in the pistillate flowers of Juglans (Juglandaceae). Calyx wanting, at least in the staminate flowers, except sometimes in Castiarina (Casuarinaceae). Leaves represented by appressed whorled scales : stems or branches loosely jointed. Order Casuakixales. Leaves not appressed scales : stems or branches not loosely jointed. Fruit 1-seeded : seeds without tufts of hairs. Pistillate flowers without a calyx : ovule erect and orthotropous. Order Myricales. Pistillate flowers with a calyx : ovule pendulous and anatropous. Leaf-blades simple. Oleaceae in Order Oleales. Leaf-blades compound : fruit a samara. Oleaceae in Order Oleales. Fruit many-seeded : seeds each with a tuft of hairs. Order Salicales. Calyx present at least in the staminate or in the perfect flowers. Leaves represented by appressed whorled scales : branches loosely jointed. Order (IJasuarixales. Leaves not appressed scales : branches not loosely jointed. Flowers, at least the staminate, in aments, or ament-like spikes. Pistillate flowers separate at maturity : fruit a nut or an achene. Order Fagales. Pistillate flowers forming an aggregate fruit : fruits drupe-like. Artocarpaceae in Order Ubticales. Flowers at least the staminate, not in aments. a. Ovary superior. Gynoecium of 1 or several and distinct carpels : stigma and style solitary. Carpel solitary. Stamens borne under the gynoecium. Pisoniaceae in Order Chenopodiales. Stamens borne on the hypanthium or adnate to the calyx- tube. Order Tiiymeleales. Carpels several. Families in Order Raxales. Gynoecium of 2 or several united carpels : stigmas or styles 2 or several. * Ovary, by abortion, 1-celled and 1-ovuled. Leaves with sheathing stipules (ocreae). Order Polygoxales. Leaves estipulate. or if stipules are present they are not sheathing. Trees. Anthers opening by slits : ovary not seated in a hypanthium. Ulmaceae in Order Urticales. Anthers opening by hinged valves : ovary seated in an accrescent hypanthium. I^auraceae in Order Tiiymeleales. Vines. Order Chexopodi-vles. Vlll KEY TO THE OEDEES ** Ovary several-celled, or with several placentae, several- ovuled. Stamens hypogynoiis, inserted under the gynoecium in the perfect flowers, not on a disk in the pistillate flowers. Gynoecium 5-carpellary, the carpels nearly distinct. Buettneriaceae in Order Malvales. Gynoecium 2-4-carpellary, the carpels united. Oleaceae in Order Oleales. Stamens perigynous or epigynous, inserted on the margin of a hypanthium or a disk. Fruit a samara. Families in Order Sapindales. Fruit not a samara. Order Rhamnales. b. Ovary inferior. Fruit a berry or a drupe, or nut-like. Calyx deciduous as a lid : stamens numerous. Galyptranthes in Order Myetales. Calyx of valvate or imbricate sepals : stamens few. Ovules mostly on basal placentae, sometimes pendulous : cotyledons not convolute : tree or root-parasites. Order Santalales. Ovules not on basal placentae : cotyledons convolute : not parasitic plants. Families in Order Myrtales. Fruit a capsule. Order Myrtales. B. Corolla present. * Petals distinct, at least at the base. Carpels solitary, or several and distinct, or united only at the base. Stamens at the base of the receptacle, i. e., hypogynous. Order Ranales. Stamens on the margin of a hypanthium. Plants without secreting glands in the bark. Order Rosales. Plants with secreting glands in the bark. Surianaceae in Order Geraniales. Carpels several and united. t Ovary superior. t Stamens inserted at the base of the ovary or receptacle. § Stamens numerous. Sepals imbricated. Calyx deciduous. Order Papaverales. Calyx persistent. Leaves glandular or pellucid-punctate. Rutaceae in Order Geraniales. Leaves not glandular. Capparidaceae in Order Papaverales. Sepals valvate. Stamens with distinct filaments. Ovary 1-celled : placentae parietal. Capparidaceae in Order Papaverales. Ovary 2-several-celled : placentae axile or central. Families in Order Malvales. Stamens with united filaments. Order Malvales. §§ Stamens few, not over twice as many as the petals. Stamens as many as in the petals and opposite them. Flowers monoecious. Euphorbiaceae in Order Euphorbiales. Flowers perfect. Stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them, or more, sometimes twice as many. Stamens 6 : petals 4 : sepals 2 or 4. Families in Order Papaverales. Stamens, petals and sepals of the same number, or stamens more, usually twice as many as the sepals or petals. Ovary 1-celled. Stigmas 2-cleft. Anther with an inconspicuous connective. Anther with the conspicuous connective produced beyond the sacs. Papayaceae in Order Passiflorales. Stigmas entire. Stamens with united filaments and no staminodia. Families in Order Malvales. Stamens with distinct filaments. Families in Order Hypekicales. Ovary several-celled. Stamens with wholly or partly united filaments. Families in Order Geraniales. Stamens with distinct filaments. Anthers opening by pores. Families in Order Ericales. Anthers opening by slits. KEY TO THE OEDEES ix Stigmas or styles distinct and cleft, or foli- aceous, or united by pairs. Order Euphorbiales. Stigmas or styles all distinct or all united, neither cleft nor foliaceous. Stamens 2. Oleaceae in Order Oleales. Stamens more than 2. Leaves with compound blades. Families in Order Geraniales. Leaves with simple blades. Ovule solitary in each carpel. Families in Order Geraniales. Ovules 2 or more in each carpel. Tiliaceae in Order Malvales. ?+ Stamens inserted on the margin of a disk or hypanthium (perigynous or hypogynous). Stamens as many as the petals and opposite them. Ovules and seeds numerous. Moringaceae in Order Papa\-erales. Ovules and seeds solitary or 2. Order Rhamnales Stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them, or more or many. Styles distinct. Order Sapindales. Styles united. Hypanthium flat or obsolete : disk fleshy. Plants without secreting glands in the bark. „ Order Sapindales. Plants with secreting glands in the bark. Families in Order Geraniales. Hypanthium cup-shaped or campanulate : disk obsolete or inconspicuous. Order Myrtales. ttOvary inferior. Stamens numerous. Styles distinct. Families In Order Rosales. Styles united. Families in Order Myrtales. Stamens not more than twice as many as the petals. Styles distinct. Ovules several in each cavity of the ovary : fruit a capsule or a fleshy many-seeded berry. Families in Order Rosales. Ovules solitary in each cavity of the ovary : fruit a drupe or 2-5 more or less united achenes. Order Ammiales. Styles united, or single. Ovules solitary in each cavity of the ovary. Order Ammiales. Ovules several in each cavity. Families in Order Myrtales. Petals more or less united. Ovary superior. Stamens free from the corolla. Gynoecium of a single carpel. Families in Order Rosales. Gynoecium of several united carpels. Filaments united. Families in Order Ericales. Filaments distinct. Styles wanting or very short : stigma sessile. Aquifoliaceae in Order Sapindales. Styles elongate. Family in Order Ericales. Stamens partially adnate to the corolla. Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla and opposite them, or twice as many or more. Ovary 1-celIed. Order Primijlales. Ovary several-celled. Order Ebexales. Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla and alternate with them, or fewer. Corolla not scarious, veiny : fruit various, but not a pyxis Gynoecium of 3-6 carpels. Aquifoliaceae in Order Sapindales. Gynoecium of 2 carpels. Carpels distinct, except sometimes at the apex. Order Asclepiadales. Carpels united. Stamens 2 and opposite each other, or 3. Order Oleales. Stamens usually 4 or 5, if 2 by reduction not opposite each other. Order Polemoni.vles. Corolla scarious, veinless : fruit a pyxis. Ovary inferior. Ovary with 2-many fertile cavities and 2-many ovules : calyx unmodified, at least not a pappus. Ovules mostly on basal placentae : plants parasitic. ^ , . , Order Santalales. Ovules variously borne, but not on a basal placenta : plants not parasitic. Order Ruriales. Ovary with one fertile cavity. Order Carduales. TREES OF FLORIDA. Subkingdom SPERMATOPHYTA. Seed Plants. Plants producing flowers and seeds. A seed contains an embryo consisting of a short stem (radicle or caiilicle), one, two or several rudimentary leaves (cotyledons), and a terminal bud (plumule). Ovules, and seeds, borne on the face of a scale : stigma wanting. I- Gtmnospeemae. Ovules, and seeds, borne in a closed cavity (ovary) : stigma present. II. Axgiospermae. Class I. GYMNOSPERMAE. Cone Plants. Carpel, or pistil, represented by a scale upon the face of which the ovules are borne and the naked seeds are matured. Order FINALES. Shrubs or trees. Leaves scale-like or narrow, or needle-like and often borne in bundles. Flowers mainly monoecious, the cones of spirally imbri- cate bracts, or in Taxaceae the ovulate flowers often solitary. Seeds borne in cones of dry or fleshy scales, enclosed, or wholly or partially naked. Ovulate flowers several, with carpellary scales, these sometimes bracted : cone either dry or fleshy. Carpellary scales with bracts, not peltate : ovules inverted : buds scaly : wing accompanying the seed a portion of the carpellary scale. Fam. 1. PiNACEAE. Carpellary scales with bracts, mostly peltate, or fleshy : ovules erect : buds naked : wing of the seed, when present, a portion of the testa. Fam. 2. Juniperaceae. Ovulate flowers solitary or 2, without carpellary scales : cone drupaceous or baccate. Fam. 3. Taxaceae. Family 1. PINACEAE. Pine Family. Mostly evergreen resin-yielding shrubs or trees, typically conic, with flaky or brittle bark, the buds scaly. Leaves narrow and solitary or needle-like and usually several together, each group with a sheath at the base. Ovulate aments with bracted scales. Ovules inverted. Cone of dry scales. Seeds usually 2 on each scale, often samara-like. 1. PINTJS [Tourn.] L. Trees or rarely shrubs. Leaves needle-like, in 2 's or 3 's and each with 2 fibro-vascular bundles. Staminate aments elongate, at the ends of branches of the preceding year. Ovulate aments globular or slightly elongate. Cones spreading: scales at length woody and spreading, each with a dorsal usually spine-armed appendage. Seed samara-like. — Winter or spr. — Pine. Resin-ducts of the leaf contiguous to the fibro-vascular bundle. Cones elongate, of a conic type and over twice as long as thick when closed, slightly umbonate, the scale-appendages flat or slightly elevated, with decidedly recurved or hooked spines. Trees of Florida 1 1 Library N. C. State College ^ PINACEAE. Cone-scales thin-edged, the appendages flattish, the spines hooked. 1. P. pahistris. Cone-scales thick-edged, the appendages turgid, the spines slightly recurved. 2. P. carihaca. Cones short, of an ovoid type and less than twice as long as thick when closed, prominently umbonate, the scale-ap- pendages elevated, often pyramidal, with nearly straight or decurved spines. 3. p. EUiottii. Resin-ducts of the leaf remote from the fibro-vascular bundle. Cones over 9 cm. long, of an elongate type when open ; scales with stout spines. 4. p. Taeda. Cones less than 9 cm. long, of a short type when open ; scales with slender minute or obsolete spines. Cones ovoid or globular-ovoid when closed : leaves 15-25 cm. long, about 2 mm. wide. 5. P. serotina. Cones narrowly conic when closed : leaves 4-12 cm. long, about 1 mm. wide. Cone-scales readily opening, each with a slender or minute spine towards the front of the appendage, the spine sometimes deciduous or obsolete. Cones mainly less than 5 cm. long : scales of the staminate aments erose-toothed at the apex : bark of the trunk relatively close and smooth. 6. P. glabra. Cones mainly over 5 cm. long : scales of the staminate aments entire : bark of the trunk very rough and shaggy. 7. P. echinata. Cone-scales tardily opening or permanently closed, each with a firm spine at the middle or towards the back of the appendage. 8. P. clausa. 1. P. palustris Mill. Tree becoming 40 m. tall, irregularly branched above, the bark in large plates: leaves typically in 3 's, 20^0 cm. long, bright-green, borne in terminal plumes: staminate aments 5.5-8 cm. long: cones 16-25 cm, long, narrowly conic when closed, broadly conic when open, each scale-appendage with a recurved spine: seeds 12-13 mm. long, the wing 4.5-5 cm. long The LONG-LE.AF PINE forms open forests in sandy soil, usually In dry places, in Florida, except the lower part of the peninsula. The light-red or orange heart-wood is coarse-grained, heavy, hard, strong, and durable. Also known as Yellow-pine. Southern-pine. Georgia-pine. Pitch-pine. (Cont.) 2. P. caribaea Morelet. A tree usually smaller than P. palustris: leaves in 2's or 3's, 18-30 cm. long or shorter, bright-green: staminate aments 2.5-4 em. long: half mature ovulate aments ascending: cones 8-15 cm. long, cylindric- conie when closed, cylindric or ovoid-cylindric when open: each scale-appendage turgid: seeds 4-7 mm. long, the wing 2-2.5 cm. long, or smaller. The Sl.^sh-pine grows in dry sand close to most of the coast line of Florida, and on rock on the Everglade Keys, the lower Florida Keys and a few of the upper keys. The orange-colored heart-wood is coarse-grained, heavy, hard, and often quite durable. Also known as Swamp-pine. 3. P. Elliottii Engelm. A tree becoming 30 m. tall : leaves in 2 's or 3 's, deep- green: staminate aments 3.5-5 cm. long: half mature ovulate aments recurved: cones S-12 cm. long, narrowly ovoid when closed, broadly ovoid when open, each scale-appendage very prominent: seeds 6-8 mm. long, the wing 2-3 cm. long. The Swamp-pine grows in shallow ponds and swamps, and in low grounds which are dry part of the year, in northern Florida and in the peninsula as far south as the Everglade region. The yellowish-brown heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, hard, and tough. Also known as Blue-pine. (Cont.) 4. P. Taeda L. Tree becoming 46 m. tall, the dark bark deeply furrowed, very rough, exfoliating in coarse plates: leaves in 3's, glaucous, 15-28 cm. long: cones 10-13 cm. long, narrowly conic when closed, cylindric or conic-cylindric when open, the scale-appendages thick, projecting little, if at all, beyond the small spine: seeds 6-7 mm. long, the wing about 2 cm. long. The Old-field pine grows in usually dry sandy soil in Florida, except in the southern half of the peninsula. The brown heart-wood is coarse-grained, brittle, and not durable. Also knowTi as Loblolly-pine. (Cont.) 5. P. serotina Michx. Tree becoming 25 m. tall, with many short irregular branches near the base, the bark flaky: leaves in 3's, glaucous, 15-25 cm. long. JUNIPERACEAE. 3 crowded; sheaths about 15 mm. long: staminate aments 1.5-2 cm. long: cones 4-6 cm. long, ovoid or globular-ovoid when closed, very broad when open, each scale with a thick appendage and a minute spine: seeds 3-4 mm. long, the wing nearly 2 cm. long. The Pond-pine grows in swamps and shallow ponds in eastern Florida. The orange-colored heart-wood is coarse-grained, soft, heavy, and brittle. Also known as Black-pine or Marsh-pine. (Cont.) 6. P. glabra Walt. Tree becoming 40 m. tall, the trunk with a relatively smooth bark and often with spreading branches near the base: leaves in 2's, glaucous, 4-8 cm. long, very slender; sheaths 5-8 mm. long: staminate aments about 1 cm. long: cones 3.5-5 cm. long, conic when closed, ovoid when open, each appendage with a minute or almost obsolete spine : seeds about 4 mm. long, the wing usually 1.5 cm. long. The Speuce-pine grows in rich soil in river-swamps or hammocks in northern Florida and the upper part of the peninsula. The pale-brown heart-wood is close- grained, light, soft, and brittle. Sometimes known as Cedar-pine or White-pine. (Cont.) 7. P. echinata Mill. Tree becoming 40 m. tall, the bark very rough and coarsely furrowed : leaves in 2 's or rarely in 3 's, deep-green, 8-12 cm. long, slender ; sheaths 10-15 mm. long : cones 5-6.5 cm. long, conic when closed, ovoid when open, each scale-appendage armed with a slender spine: seeds 4-5 mm. long, the wing 1.5-2 cm. long. The SnoitT-LEAF PINE grows in sandy soil in northern Florida. The yellowish or orange-colored heart-wood is coarse-grained, hard, heavy, and rather strong. Also known as Yellow-pine. (Cont.) 8. P. clausa (Engelm.) Vasey. Tree becoming 24 m. tall, the bark relatively smooth: leaves in 2's, deep-green, 4-8 cm. long, very slender; sheaths 5-7 mm. long: cones 4.5—6 cm. long, conic when closed, ovoid when open, each scale- appendage with a stout spine at the middle or behind it: seeds 4 mm. long, the wing about 1.5 cm. long. The Sand-pine grows in sand locally throughout Florida, except the extreme- southern part. The yellow or orange heart-wood is rather close-grained, soft, light, and weak. Also known as Spruce-pine. Grows naturally outside of Florida only ia adjacent Alabama. Family 2. JUNIPERACEAE. Juniper Family. Mostly evergreen often slightly resiniferous shrubs or trees, with fibrous, shreddy bark, the buds naked. Leaves mainly appressed scales or sometimes subulate and spreading. Ovulate aments with bractless scales. Ovules erect. Cone of dry often peltate, scales, or baccate or drujjaceous. Seed wingless, or winged, the Aving a portion of the testa. Plants monoecious : cones dry : scales merely imbricate. Staminate aments in drooping spikes or racemes, the scales spiral : seeds angled : leaves deciduous. 1. Taxodium. Staminate aments terminating short erect twigs, the scales decussately opposite : seeds winged : leaves persistent. 2. Chamaecypakis. Plants mostly dioecious : cones berry-like or drupe-like : scales lalescent. 3. Sabina. 1. TAXODIUM L. C. Eich. Deciduous-leaved trees, the roots producing erect conic knees. Leaves often almost 2-ranked: blades narrow. Staminate aments in panicled spikes or racemes. Ovulate aments with peltate scales. Cones spreading, globular or obovoid, the scales woody, stalked. Seeds wingless. — Spr. — Cypress. Leaves 2-ranked, widely spreading : branchlets horizontal : bark thin, comparatively smooth. 1. T. disticJnim. Leaves appressed to the erect branchlets : bark thick, strongly furrowed. 2. T. a.sccn(lcn8. 4 TAXACEAE. 1, T. distichum (L.) L. C. Eich. A tree becoming 49 m. tall: trunk straight, the base of trunk conic, narrowly ridged, the bark thin, relatively smooth: leaves often curved; blades 1-1.5 cm. long: cones globular, about 2.5 cm. in diameter: seeds 8-10 mm. long. The Bald-cypress grows in swamps or on river banks nearly throughout Florida, except on the Keys. The reddish heart-wood is close-grained, soft, light, and rather weak. Also known as Deciduous-cypress. (Cont.) 2. T. ascendens Brongn. A tree typically smaller than T. distichum, but with very similar inflorescence and fruit, the knees less abundant : trunk more or less sinuous, with a conoidal broadly ridged base: leaves incurved; blades 0.5-1 cm. long. The PoND-CYPRESS grows in pineland ponds, creeks and small rivers throughout Florida, except the southern part of the peninsula and the Florida Keys. The reddish heart-wood is said to be heavier and stronger than that of the Bald-cypress. (Cont.) 2. CHAMAECYPARIS Spach. Trees. Leaves scale-like and imbricate, each with a gland on the back, or sometimes subulate on twigs. Staminate aments terminal. Ovulate aments with peltate scales. Cones spreading, globu- lar: scales woody, appendaged. Seeds winged. — Cypress. 1. C. thyoides (L.) B.S.P. A strong-scented tree becoming 27 m. tall: leaves 1-2 mm. long, appressed, the lateral ones keeled, the vertical merely convex: staminate aments 2-3 mm. long: ovulate aments glaucous, the scales with hyaline appendages: cones globular, 5-7 mm. in diameter: seeds narrowly winged. — Spr. The White-cedar grows in sandy swamps in middle and western Florida. The brown heart-wood is close-grained, light, soft, and rather weak. (Cont.) 3. SABINA Haller. Shrubs or trees. Leaves scale-like, except sometimes on twigs, appressed, often imbricate, each with a gland in the back. Staminate aments terminal on branchlets. Ovulate aments with ovules opposite the scales. Cones baccate. Seeds wingless. — Spr. — Cedar. Savin. Staminate aments 3-4 mm. long : cones 5-6 mm. long. 1. S. rirginiana. Staminate aments 4-5 mm. long : cones 3-4 mm. long. 2. 8. hurhadensis. 1. S. virglniana (L.) Antoine. A tree becoming 30 m. tall: scale-like leaves opposite, 4-ranked, 1-4 mm. long, acute: staminate aments 3-4 mm. long: cones ovoid, 5-6 mm. long, glaucous: seeds 3—4 mm. long, smooth. The Red-cedar grows in sandy soil and on ridges in northern Florida. The red heart-wood is close-grained, soft and weak. (Cont.) 2. S. barbadensis (L.) Small. A shrub or tree similar to S. virginiana in habit, but with shorter and rather thicker leaves, the relatively blunt apex closely appressed: staminate aments 4-5 mm. long: cones ovoid or oval-ovoid, 3—4 mm. long. The Southern red-cedar grows in low or damp sandy places in Florida, except the southern half of the peninsula. The red heart-wood is similar to that of the Red-cedar. Also known as Barbados-cedar. (Cont. W. I.) Family 3. TAXACEAE. Yew Family. Evergreen shrubs or trees, mostly destitute of resin, the buds scaly. Leaves distichously spreading-: blades narrow, entire. Staminate aments mostly few-flowered, with scaly involucres. Ovulate aments, mostly 1-flow- ered, the carpellaiy scale wanting. Cone baccate or drupaceous, with a wholly or partially enveloping pulpy aril. Ovulate flowers usually 2 together : ovule borne in a cup : seed enclosed in the accres- cent cup : endosperm channeled : pollen-sacs 4. 1. Tdmiox. Ovulate flowers usually solitary : ovule borne in a cup : seed sur- rounded by the accrescent cup : endosperm even : pollen-sacs more than 4. 2. Taxos. AKECACEAE. 5 1. TUMION Eaf. Trees. Leaves rigid. Staminate anients with 4 polleu- sacs under each scale. Ovulate aments usually with 2 ovules. Seeds baccate the pericarp fleshy. — Torkeya. 1. T. taxifolium (Arn.) Greene. A tree becoming IS m. tall, with a disagree- able odor when bruised: leaf-blades linear, 1.5-3 cm. long, firm-tipped: stami- nate aments 5-8 mm. long: cones globose-oblong or somewhat obovoid, 3-4 cm. long, glaucous. The Stinking-cedae grows on the hanks of the Apahichicohi river. The yellow heart-wood is close-grained, hard, and durable. (Endemic.) 2. TAXUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves leathery. Staminate aments with mostly 6-8 pollen-sacs under each scale. Ovulate aments with 1 ovule each. Seeds nut-like, surrounded by the pulpy aril, except the apex. 1. T. floridana Nutt. A tree becoming 6 m. tall, pleasant-scented when bruised : leaf -blades narrowly linear, 1-2 cm. long, sharply apiculate: cones light-red, 6-10 mm. long, the seed ovoid, 5-7 mm. long. The Florida-yew grows on the banks of the Apalachicola river. The brown heart-wood is close-grained, hard, and heavy. (Endemic.) Class II. ANGIOSPERMAE. Fruit Plants. Carpel or pistil formed by the uniting of the margins of one or of several rudimentary leaves; within the cavity thus formed the ovules are borne and the seeds matured. Cotyledon 1 : leaf-blades with primary or lateral veins parallel : stem endogenous. Subclass 1. MONOCOTYLEDOXES. Cotyledons normally 2 : leaf-blades with the veins netted: stem exogenous (with rare exceptions). Subclass 2. Dicotyledones. Subclass 1. MONOCOTYLEDONES. Stem consisting of a ground-mass of soft tissue in which bundles of wood-cells are irregularly placed. Early leaves alternate. Order ARECALES. Shrubs or trees, with a single terminal bud. Leaves at the end of the stem: blades plaited, pinnate or flabellate. Flowers perfect, polygamous or dioecious, on axillary compound spadiees. Perianth of 6 fleshy mem- bers in 2 series. Androecium of 6, or 9-12, stamens. Gynoeeium of 3 distinct or united carpels. Fruit drupaceous or baccate. Family 1. ARECACEAE. Palm Family. Stem with a terminal crown of leaves. Inflorescence at first included in a large bract (spathe), from which it ultimately protrudes. Leaf-blades flabellate. Calyx and corolla united into a (Mobed or truncate cup, or obsolete. Endosperm even : drupe with white flesh. 1. Tiirinax. Endosperm channeled : drupe with black flesh. 2. Coccotiirixax. Calyx and corolla distinct and manifestly in 2 series. Style or stigma basal on the drupe. 3. Sabal. Style or stigma terminating the drupe. B^ilaments narrow : anthers elongate : seed elongate. 4. Serenoa. Filaments dilated : anthers didymous : seed de- pressed, o. Paurotis. Leaf-blades pinnate. 6 AEECACEAE. Drupe with style or stigmas nearly " basal : stamens ex- serted : endosperm not enclosing a milky juice. Drupe violet-blue : branches of the spadix erect or as- cending. 6. ROTSTOXEA. Drupe orange-scarlet : branches of the spadix spreading. 7. Pseudophoexix. Drupe with style or stigmas terminal : stamens included : endosperm hollow, enclosing a milky juice. 8. Cocos. 1. THEINAX L. Unarmed trees. Leaves with flabellate blades pale or silvery-scurfy beneath, and smooth petioles. Spadix relatively long. Stamens mostly 6: filaments united at the base. Style concave or flat. Drupe ivory- white. — Spr. — Thatch-palm. The wood of the Thatch-paljis is brown, hard without and soft within. Flowers slender-pedicelled : sepals and petals united into an obscurely lobed or trun- cate cup : filaments subulate : stigma oblique. 1. T. floridana. Flowers on short disk-like pedicels : sepals and petals partially united, acute : filaments nearly triangular : stigma not oblique. Trunk without a basal enlargement: spadix 3-6 dm. long: drupe 3-4 mm. in diameter. 2. T. microcarpa. Trunk with a basal enlargement : spadix nearly 2 m. long : drupe 5-6 mm. in diameter. 3. T. keyensis. 1. T. floridana Sarg. Slender tree, 9 m. tall. Leaf-blades 9-13 dm. broad, yellowish-green and lustrous above: ligule 5-7 cm. broad: spadix about 10 dm. long: pedicels about 3 mm. long: filaments subulate: drupe 8-12 mm. thick, or rarely smaller. The Florida thatch-palm grows in hammocks and on sandy shores in the lower portion of the western part of the peninsula, and on the upper and the lower Florida Keys. (Bah., Cuba.) 2. T. microcarpa Sarg. Stout tree 10 m. tall. Leaf -blades about 10 dm. broad, pale-green above: ligule 2-2.5 cm. broad: spadix 3-6 dm. long: pedicels disk- like: filaments triangular: drupe 3-4 mm. thick. The Brittle-thatch grows in hammocks and on sandy shores at the lower end of peninsular Florida and on several of the lower Florida Keys. (Bah., Cuba.) 3. T. keyensis Sarg. Eelatively stout tree 8 m. tall, the trunk raised on a base of matted roots. Leaf -blades about 10 dm. broad, yellowish-green above: ligule about 2.5 cm. wide: spadix nearly 20 dm. long: pedicels disk-like: drupe 5-6 mm. thick. The Key-thatch grows on sandy shores and in hammocks on a few of the lower Florida Keys. (Bah.) 2. COCCOTHRINAX Sarg. Unarmed shrubs or trees. Leaves with flab- ellate blades silvery or pale-scurfy beneath, and smooth petioles. Spadix relatively short. Stamens mostly 9: filaments distinct or nearly so. Style funnelform. Drupe black or purple-black. — Silver thatch-palm. 1. C. argentea (Lodd.) Sarg. Small tree or shrub. Leaf -blades 2-7 dm. broad, the ligule 1-1.5 cm. broad: spadix 2-4 dm. long: mature pedicels 1-2 mm. long: drupe 7-10 mm. thick. — Spr. The Silver-palm grows in pinelands, and rarely in hammocks, on the Everglade Keys and Florida Keys. The wood is brown, hard without and soft within. (W. I.) 3. SABAL Adaus. Unarmed shrubs, with horizontal or contorted root- stocks, or trees. Leaves upright or spreading: blades flabellate, glabrous. Spadix upright during anthesis, or spreading. Stamens equal or nearly so: filaments narrow. Drupe globose, spheroidal or obovoid. — Palmetto. 1. S. Palmetto (Walt.) E. & S. Trunk 28 m. tall. Leaf-blades cordate at the base: ligules about 10 cm. long: spadix-branches loosely flowered: anthers obtuse or notched : seeds spheroidal. — Spr. The Cabbage-palmetto grows in open sandy or rocky soil or in hammocks nearly throughout peninsular Florida, along the western coast to the vicinity of the Apala- chicolu river, and on the lower Keys. The wood is light-ln-own and soft, but harder within than near the surface. Also known as Cabbage-palm or Cabbage-tree. (Cont., Bah.) AKECACEAE. 7 4. SEKENOA Hook. Armed shrubs or trees. Leaves upright or spread- ing: blades flabellate, cordate at the base: petioles with recurved spines. Stamens unequal, those opposite the petals with the broader filaments. Drupe and seed oblong. 1. S, serrulata (Michx.) Hook. Trunk 9 m, tall or less, or usually horizontal. Leaf-blades suborbicular, green or glaucous, 3-S dm. broad, cordate at the base: petioles with firm spines: petals 4-4.5 mm. long: drupe 15-25 mm. long. — Spr. The SAW-PAT,:vrETTo grows in pinelanrts, hammocks and low savannahs nearly throughout northern and peninsular Florida, and also on the lower Florida Keys. The wood is brownish, light, and soft, especially near the center of the trunk. {Cont.) 5. PAUROTIS O. F. Cook. Armed trees. Leaves spreading: blades fla- bellate: petiole with upcurved spines. Stamens equal or essentially so, the filaments broad. Stigmas terminal. Drupe globular. Seed depressed. 1. P. Wrightii (Griseb.) Britton. Trunks solitary or several, 12 m. tall. Leaf- blades half -orbicular, 5-8 dm. broad, truncate at the base, the segments slen- derly attenuate; petioles with flat orange teeth: petals about 1 mm. long: drupe 8-10 mm. thick. — Spr. The Saw cabbage-pal]m grows in low savannahs and hammocks near the Cho- koloskee River and in the vicinity of Cape Sable in southern peninsular Florida. The wood has not yet been studied. (Bah., Cuba.) 6. ROYSTONEA O. F. Cook. Unarmed trees. Leaves spreading: blades pinnate: petiole nearly terete above. Spadix pendulous. Petals valvate, deciduous. Drupe sessile. Seeds reniform. 1. R. regia (H.B.K.) O. F. Cook. A stately tree 30 m. tall, the trunk often fusiform. Leaf -blades 2.5-3.5 m. long, the larger segments 7-9 dm. long: perianth of the staminate flowers 6-7 mm. long, that of the pistillate barely i as large : drupe 12-14 mm. long, violet-blue. — Winter & spr. The Royal-palm grows in hammocks on the Everglade Keys and in the Ever- glades of the lower portion of the western coast of Florida. The wood is pale-brown, rather light, very soft within, but hard near the surface. (Bah., Cuba, Hisp.) 7. PSEUDOPHOENIX H. Wendl. Unarmed trees. Leaves spreading: blades pinnate: petioles concave throughout. Spadix spreading during anthe- sis. Petals valvate, persistent. Drupe pedicelled. Seeds globular. 1. P. Sargentii H. Wendl. A tree 8 m. tall, the trunk often slightly fusiform. Leaf -blades 1-1.5 m. long, the larger segments 4-4.5 dm. long: perianth about 1 cm. wide: petals oblong to oval, yellowish, reflexed in age: drupe globular, or 2-3-lobed, 11-14 mm. long, orange-scarlet. — Spr. The Hog cabbage-palji grows in hammocks on a few of the Florida Keys from Elliott's Key to Long Key. The wood is brown, light, and soft. Also known as Sargenfs-palm. (Bah., Cuba, Hisp.) 8. COCOS L. Unarmed trees. Leaves spreading: blades pinnate. Spadix ultimately drooping. Sepals and petals of the staminate flowers valvate, those of the pistillate flowers imbricate. Drupe 3-angled, with a fibrous pericarp and a hard endocarp. 1. C. nucifera L. A stately tree 30 m. tall. Leaf-blades 3-5 m. long, the numerous segments 5-7 dm. long: perianth of the staminate flower fully 1 cm. long, that of the pistillate larger: drupe oval or ovoid. 2-3 dm. long, sessile: endosperm enclosing a milky juice. — All year. The CocoANUT grows on sandy or rocky shores and in shore hammocks in southern peninsular Florida and on the Florida Keys. Nat. from the tropics. The wood is brown, rather heavy, and hard. Also known as Coco-palm. (W. I.) 8 DEACAENACEAE. Order LILIALES. Herbs, vines or trees. Leaves with narrow or dilated blades. Flowers perfect, polygamous or dioecious, complete, mostly regular. Perianth of 6 members which are usually disting-uishable into calyx and corolla, sometimes partially united. Androecium of 3 or 6 stamens. Gynoecium 3-carpellary, or rarely 2-cari3ellary. Ovary superior or essentially so. Fruit capsular or baccate. Family 1. DRACAENACEAE. Yucca Family. Shrubby plants or trees, with generally copiously leafy caudices. Leaves alternate : blades narrow, firm or rigid, sometimes filiferous. Flowers in racemes or panicles which terminate scape-like stems. Calyx of 3, usually white or pale sepals. Corolla of 3 petals nearly similar to the sepals. Androecium of 6 stamens. Gynoecium 3-carpellary. Style stout, sometimes obsolete during anthesis. Fruit a primarily loculicidal capsule, sometimes indehiscent or baccate. 1. YUCCA [Rupp.] L. Trunk commonly leafy throughout. Flowers per- fect, relatively large, in erect racemes or panicles. Sepals and petals several- nerved, deciduous. Ovary elongate, slightly lobed. Ovules numerous. Capsule dehiscent or baccate. Seeds black. — Spr. & sum. The wood of the following species is yellowish or brownish, light, soft, and spongy. Leaf-blades smooth-edged : ovary sessile : fruits soon drying : seeds flat, margined. 1. Y. gloriosa. Leaf-blades scabro-serrulate : ovary stipitate : fruits permanently pulpy : seeds turgid, not margined. 2. Y. aloifolia. 1. Y. gloriosa L. Trunk becoming 5 m. tall, usually simple: leaf-blades with a constricted base, 3-5 dm. long, rigidly pointed, smooth throughout: panicles showy, conic, 5-10 dm. long or longer: perianth white, 4-5 cm. long: sepals and petals lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute: fruits leathery, nodding, nearly oblong, constricted at or near the middle, 5-6 cm. long: seeds lustrous, 6-7 mm. long. The Spamsh-bayonet grows on sand-dunes and in hammocks near the coast in northern Florida. (Gont.) 2. Y. aloifolia L. Trunk becoming 3 m. tall, commonly branching: leaf- blades 3-9 dm. long, rigidly pointed, more or less constricted between the middle and the dilated base: panicle ample, showy, conic, 3-6 dm. long: perianth white, often tinged with purple, 4-6 cm. long: sepals and petals oblong to elliptic: fruits pulpy, oblong, nodding, 7-9 cm. long. The Spanish-dagger grows in hammocks and on dunes near the coast except on the Florida Keys, and occasionally in pinelands somewhat inland. (Cont., W. I.) Subclass 2. DICOTYLEDONES. Stem consisting of pith, wood and bark. Early leaves opposite. Series 1. CHORIPETALAE. Petals separate and distinct from each other, or wanting. JUGLANDACEAE. 9 Order CASUARINALES. Shrubs or trees, Avitli loosely jointed branches resembling stems of Equisetum. Leaves scale-like, whorled at the nodes and decurrent on the internodes. Flowers monoecious, the staminate in slender terminal spikes with imbricate bracts, often with a posterior and anterior perianth-member, and 1 stamen. Pistillate flowers in dense cones or spikes, the perianth wanting. Ovary 1-eelled. Style-branches slender. Fruit an aggregate of winged achenes. Family 1. CASUARINACEAE. Beefwood Family. Stems with more or less whorled branches. Staminate spikes long- stalked. Pistillate spikes short-stalked. Gynoecium 2-carpellary. 1. CASUAEINA Adans. Stem clothed with a smooth or smoothish bark, except when very old. Stamens with long filaments and short anthers. Stigmas elongate. Fruiting spike compact. 1. C. equisetifolia Forst. Tree often 10 m. tall, with many slender branches: leaves (scales) 1-3 mm. long, 6-8 in each whorl: staminate spikes 1-4 em. long: pistillate spikes globular, becoming 1-2 cm. in diameter in fruit: seed- wing nearly thrice as long as the body. — Spr. & sum. The Beefwood grows on sandy shores in southern Florida, particularly on the Keys. It is native of Oceanica, and was introduced into Florida as a shade tree. The heart-wood is pink, turning dark, close-grained, heavy, hard, and strong. Also known as Australian-pine. (ir. /. ) Order JUGLANDALES. Trees. Leaves alternate : blades pinnate. Flowers monoecious, the staminate in lateral aments on the twigs of the preceding year, with a 2-6-lobed calyx bearing several rows of stamens, or the calyx obsolete. Pistillate flowers terminal, consisting of an involucrate 2-4-carpellary gynoecium: calyx partially adnate to the gynoecium. Fruit drupe-like, the nut enclosed in an indehiscent or a dehiscent involucre. Seed oily. Family 1. JUGrLANDACEAE. Walnut Family. Aromatic trees, with hard wood. Leaves with unequally pinnate blades. Staminate aments solitary or clustered. Involucre of the fruits dry or juicy. staminate aments stout, simple, sessile or short-stalked : husk indehiscent ; nut sculptured. 1. Juglans. Staminate aments slender, branched, long-stalked : husk dehiscent : nut not sculptured. 2. Hicoria. 1. JUGLANS L. Bark furrowed. Pith in plates. Leaflets condupli- cate in vernation. Staminate aments simple. Anther-connective conspicuous. — Walnut. 1. J. nigra L. Tree becoming .50 m. tall, the bark dark-brown in broad ridges: leaflets 15-23; blades 8-10 cm. long, rounded or subcordate at the 10 JUGLANDACEAE. base: staminate aments 5-10 cm. long: fruits 5-8 cm. in diameter: nut 4-celled below the middle, sculptured, the ridges thick, firm. — Spr. The Black-walnut grows in rich calcareous soil, in company with other decidu- ous trees, in western Florida. The heart-wood is dark-brown, rather coarse- grained, and durable. (Cont.) 2. HICORIA Eaf. Bark close or scaly. Pith solid. Leaflets involute in vernation. Staminate aments branched. Anther-connective inconspicuous. — Spr. HiCKOET. Lateral leaflets mostly falcate : bud-scales valvate. Leaflets mostly over : blades glabrous : nuts corrugated. 1. H. aquattca. Leaflets mostly less than 9 ; blades pubescent beneath : nuts smooth. 2. H. cordiformis. Lateral leaflets not falcate : bud-scales imbricate. Husk of the fruit freely separating in 4 woody valves at maturity. Bark of the trunk close, but rough : foliage scurfy or pubescent. Leaflets scaly beneath : middle calyx-lobe not bearded at the tip. 3. //. pallida. Leaflets stellate-pubescent beneath : middle calyx-lobe bearded at the tip. 4. H. alha. Bark of the trunk shaggy, separating in long plates : foliage glabrous. .5. H. ovata. Husk of the fruit tardily 4-valved to about the middle, tough. G. H. glabra. 1. H. aquatica (Michx. f.) Britton. Tree becoming 30 m. tall, the bark flaky: leaflets 9-13, the blades of the lateral ones lanceolate, 5-15 em. long, falcate : fruits subglobose, but beaked, 2.5-3 cm. thick, the thin husk tardily 4-valved: nut corrugated, thin-shelled, the seed bitter. The Water-hickory grows in river swamps in northern Florida and the northern i)art of the peninsula. The brown heart-wood Is relatively soft and brittle. Also known as Swamp-hickory, Water bitter-nut and Bitter-pecan. (Cont.) 2. H. cordiformis (Wang.) Britton. Tree becoming 30 m. tall, the bark close, with shallow furrows and flat ridges: leaflets 5-9, the blades of the lateral ones lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 8-15 cm. long, falcate: fruits subglobose, 2.5-3 cm. long, slightly 6-ridged, the thin husk tardily 4-valved: nut smooth, thin-walled, the seed bitter. [H. minima (Marsh.) Britton.] The Bitter-nut grows in low grounds in western Florida. The brown heart- wood is hard and tough. Also known as Swamp-hickory. (Cont.) 3. H. pallida Ashe. Tree becoming 35 m. tall, the pale bark very rough: leaflets 7-9, the blades of the lateral ones lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 5-16 cm. long, scaly-scurfy beneath: staminate aments slender, 8-12 cm. long: fruits subglobose, oval, or obovoid-pyriform, 4-5 cm. long, the husk relatively thin: nut smooth, rather thick-shelled. The Pale-itickory grows in dry soil in western Florida. The brown heart- wood is hard and very tough. {Cont.) 4. H. alba (L.) Britton. Tree becoming 30 m. tall, the bark with flat ridges: leaflets 7-9, the blades of the lateral ones oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 8-15 cm. long: staminate aments stout, 10-15 cm. long: fruits globose-obovoid. 4-6 cm. in diameter, the husk very thick: nut angled, thick-shelled, the seed sweet. The Mocker-nut grows in rich soil in northern Florida and the upper portion of the peninsula. The dark-brown heart-wood is hard and tough. Also known as White-heart hickory- (Cont.) 5. H. ovata (Mill.) Britton. Tree becoming 40 m. tall, the bark separating in large plates: leaflets 5, or rarely 7, the blades of the lateral ones oval to oblong-lanceolate, 10-15 cm. long: staminate aments slender, 8-12 em. long: fruits subglobose, 3-5 cm. thick, the husk thick: nut slightly angled, thin- shelled, the seed sweet. The Shell-bark grows in rich soil in western E^lorida. The light-brown heart- wood hard and very tough. Also known as Shag-bark hickory. (Cont.) MYRICACEAE. 11 6. H. glabra (Mill.) Britton. Tree becoming 60 m. tall, the bark close, in flat ridges: leaflets mostly 3-7, the blades of the lateral ones oblong or oblong- lanceolate, 7-15 cm. long, acuminate, green beneath, glabrous: staminate aments 6-10 cm. long: fruits subglobose, obovoid or pyriform, 3.5-5 cm. long, the husk thinnish: nut angled, thick-shelled, the seed astringent. The Pig-nut grows in rich woods and on dunes throughout Florida as far south as the Everglade region. The brown heart-wood is hard and tough. Also known as Broom-hickory. (Cont.) Order LEITNERIALES. Shrubs or trees, with exceedingly light wood. Leaves alternate. Flowers dioecious, in aments appearing before the leaves, the staminate flowers borne on the base of each bract : perianth wanting : androecium of 3-12 stamens : pistillate flowers each with a minute perianth : gynoecium a single carpel, the stigma introrse. 0\-ule solitaiy. Fruit a collection of drupes each subtended by a bract. Family 1. LEITNERIACEAE. Corkwood FA:MiLr. Bark smooth, brown. Leaf-blades entire. Stipules wanting. Aments from the axils of last year's leaves. Staminate aments many-flowered: filaments short: anthers 2-celled. Pistillate aments few-many-flowered: ovary sessile: stigma elongate. Drupes elongate. 1. LEITNERIA Chapm. Leaves scattered: blades shining above, petioled. Staminate aments conspicuously bracted: filaments distinct. Pistillate aments inconspicuously bracted: ovary shorter than the stigma. Drupes glabrous, the flesh leathery. 1. L. floridana Chapm. Tree becoming 7 m. tall or shrub: leaf-blades nar- rowly elliptic, oblong, or elliptic-lanceolate, or rarely oval, 10-20 cm. long, pubescent beneath: staminate aments 3-4 cm. long, the bracts acuminate: pistillate aments with acute bracts: drupes elliptic, 15-17 mm. long. — "Winter & spr. The Corkwood grows in salt or brackish swamps near Apalachicola. The pale- yellow wood is close-grained, but soft and very light. It is the lightest wood in North America. (Cont.) Order MYRICALES. Shrubs or small trees, usually aromatic. Leaves alternate: blades simple, sometimes toothed or pinnatifid. Flowers dioecious or monoe- cious, the staminate in long aments, each flower consisting of a g-jaioeeium of 2 united carpels on a bract subtended by 2 bractlets and surrounded by 2-8 scales. Stigmas 2. Ovule solitaiy. Fruit a nut, the epicarp often waxy. Family 1. MYRICACEAE. Bayberry Family. Leaves resinous-dotted. Staminate and pistillate flowers in scaly aments. Perianth wanting. Ovary 1-celled. 1. CEROTHAMNUS Tidestrom. Trees or shrubs. Leaf-blades entire or merely toothed. Pistillate aments not bristly. Nut globose, drupe-like, with a fleshy-waxy epicarp. — Winter & spr. — Bayberry. Stamens 3 or 4 : nuts 2-3 mm. in diameter. 1. C. ceriferus. Stamens 9 or 10 : nuts 5-7 mm. in diameter. 2. C. inoilorus. 12 SALICACEAE. 1. C. ceriferus (L.) Small. Tree becoming 12 m. tall or shrub: leaf -blades oblaneeolate to oblong-oblaneeolate, 3-10 cm. long, toothed or individually entire: staminate aments 1-1.5 em. long: nuts 2-3 mm. in diameter. [Myrica cerifera L. MoreUa cerifera (L.) Small.] The WAx-MYitTLE grows in swamps, wet woods, and hammocks nearly through- out Florida. The brown heart-wood is rather close-grained, but light, soft, and brittle. {Cont., W. I.). 2. C. inodorus (Bart.) Small. Tree 6 m. tall or shrub: leaf-blades elliptic- obovate or sometimes spatulate, 4-8 cm. long, entire: staminate aments 1-1.5 cm. long: nuts 5-7 mm. in diameter. [MoreUa inodora (Bartr.) Small.] The Odorless wax-myrtle grows on the edges of pineland ponds and swamps in northern Florida, from Wakulla county westward. The light-brown heart-wood is close-grained, soft, and weak. iCont.) Order SALICALES. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate : blades simple, entire or toothed. Flowers dioecious, in aments, the staminate consisting of an andi-oecium of 2 or more stamens, the pistillate consisting of a gyrjoecium of 2 or 4 united carpels. Ovules numerous. Fruit capsular. Family 1. SALICACEAE. Willow Family. Shrubs or trees with soft wood. Leaf-blades very narrow to very wide. Aments erect or drooping, the bracts mostly ciliate or toothecl. Capsules narrowed to the apex. Seeds usually with a tuft of hairs. Bracts incised : disk cup-shaped : stamens usually 10 or more, or rarely 7 or 8 : stigmas elongated and expanded. 1. Populds. Bracts entire : disk reduced to 1 or more axillary glands : stamens less than 10 : stigmas short, not expanded. 2. Salix. 1. POPULUS [Tourn.] L. Trees, the buds with several scales. Leaf- blades palmately veined, relatively long-petioled. Stamens more than 10, or rarely 7 or 8 : anthers purple or red. Ovary sessile : stigmas dilated. — Poplar. 1. P. deltoides Marsh. Tree becoming 45 m. tall, widely branched: leaf- blades ovate to deltoid, 9-19 cm. long, acute or acuminate, serrate or crenate- serrate: staminate aments 8-12 cm. long: stamens numerous: capsules 8-10 cm. long. — Spr. The Cottonwood grows on river banks in western Florida. The brown heart- wood is light, soft, and weak. Also known as Necklace-poplar. {Cont.) 2. SALIX [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees, the buds with a single scale. Leaf-blades pinnately veined, relatively short-petioled. Stamens 2, or rarely 1-7: anthers yellow or reddish. Ovary stipitate: stigmas not dilated. — Winter & spr. — Willow. Leaves with narrow blades : stamens 3-7. Leaf-blades green beneath. Bracts of the pistillate aments obtuse : fruiting aments usually dense: ennsules 3-4. .5 mm. long. 1. S. nigra. Bracts of the pistillate aments acute or abruptly pointed : fruiting aments usually lax : capsules 4. .5-5 mm. long. 2. S. marginata. Leaf-blades glaucous beneath. Capsules ovoid in outline, not veined, the body globose to ovoid. 3. 8. longipes. Capsules conic in outline, veiny, the body oblong to oval. 4. jS. amphiUa. Leaves with broad blades : stamens 2. 5. 8. floridana. 1. S. nigra Marsh. Tree becoming 40 m. tall, the twigs brown: leaf -blades narrowly lanceolate, 6-12 cm. long, acute at both ends, or acuminate at the CORYLACEAE. 13 apex, pale beneath: staminate aments with finely pubescent, blunt bracts: capsules 4 or 5 times as long as the pedicels. The Black-willow grows on river banks in northern Florida. The reddish- brown heart-wood is light, soft, and weak. (Cont.) 2. S. marginata Weimer. Small tree or spreading shrub, the twigs reddish: leaf-blades mainly oblong, lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate, 2-5 cm. long, mostly acute or blunt at the apex, cuueate to truncate at the base: staminate aments with densely pubescent acute or acutish bracts: capsules about twice as long as the pedicels. The Gulf-willow grows in northern Florida. The wood is probably similar to that of the Black-willow. (Cont.) 3. S. longipes Anders. Tree becoming 10 m. tall or shrub, the twigs gray or gray-brown: leaf -blades narrowly lanceolate, 10-15 cm. long: staminate aments 4-10 cm. long, the bracts finely ciliate: capsules ovoid in outline, 3 or 4 times as long as the pedicels. Ward's-willow grows in low grounds, in northern Florida. The reddish- brown heart-wood is rather close-grained, light, and soft. {Cont.) 4. S. amphibia Small. Small tree or shrub, the twigs purplish or purple: leaf-blades linear-lanceolate, lanceolate, or oblong, 3-13 cm. long: staminate aments 1.5-5 cm. long, the bracts finely pubescent: capsules conic in outline, about 3 times as long as the pedicels. The Amphibious-willow grows in wet grounds and hammocks in peninsular Florida almost as far south as Cape Sable. The brown heart-wood is close-grained, light, and soft. (Endemic.) 5. S. floridana Chapm. Small tree or shrub, the twigs sparingly pubescent: leaf-blades oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 5-8 em. long, or larger on twigs, acute, sharply serrulate, dark-green above, glaucous beneath, rounded or truncate at the base: fruiting aments oblong-cylindric, 4-7 cm. long: capsules ovoid-conic, 6-8 mm. long. The Fi.oriha-wii.low grows on river Iianks in western Florida. The wood has not yet been studied. Not recently collected in the state, but found in southern Georgia. Order FAGALES. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades simple. Flowers monoe- cious or rarely dioecious, at least the staminate borne in aments, the pis- tillate sometimes with an involucre which becomes a bur or cup in fruit. Calyx usually present. Corolla wanting. Fruit a nut or rarely a samai-a. Staminate and pistillate flowers in aments : fruit not with a bur or a cup. Staminate flowers solitary in the axil of each bract, without a calyx : pistillate flowers with a calyx. Fam. 1. Coeylaceae. Staminate flowers 2-3 together in the axil of each bract, each with a calyx : pistillate flowers without a calyx. Fam. 2. Betulaceae. Staminate flowers in aments : pistillate often solitary, the involucre becoming a bur or cup. Fam. 3. Fagaceae. Family 1. CORYLACEAE. Hazel-nut Family. Shrubs or trees, the wood close-grained. Leaves deciduous: blades mostly doubly toothed. Staminate aments drooping, with each bract sub- tending one flower, the calyx wanting. Pistillate aments not drooping, each bract bearing 2 or 3 pistils, the involucre of a bract and 2 scales. Fruit consisting of one or more accrescent bracts each subtending or inclos- ing 1, 2 or 3 nuts. Fruiting bracts flat, 3-lobed, the terminal lobe toothed. 1. Carpinos. Fruiting bracts bladder-like. 2. Ostrya. 14 BETULACEAE. 1. CARPINUS [Tourn.] L. Trees or shrubs, the bark smooth. Stami- uate aments solitary, the bracts acute, ciliate. Pistillate aments with 3-lobed bracts at maturity. 1. C, caroliniana Walt. Tree becoming 13 m. tall or shrub, the bark blue- gray: leaf -blades oblong, varying mainly to ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 3-14 cm. long, glabrous above: staminate aments 2-5 cm. long: mature bracts of the pistillate aments hastate, 2-3 cm. long: nuts 5-6 mm. long. — Spr. The Hornbeam grows in rich woods and hammocks in northern Florida and in the northern iiart of the peninsula. The brown heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, and hard. (Cont.) 2. OSTRYA [Mich.] Scop. Shrubs or trees, the bark scaly. Staminate aments clustered, the bracts blunt, not ciliate. Pistillate aments with lobeless bracts. 1. O. virginiana (Mill. )Willd. Tree becoming 18 m. tall or shrub, the bark rough: leaf-blades mainly oblong, elliptic, or oval, 3-13 cm. long, slightly pubescent or glabrate above: staminate aments 3-8 cm. long: mature bracts of the pistillate aments oblong to ovate, 1.5-2 cm. long: nuts 6-7 mm. long. — Spr. The Hop-HORXBEAJi grows in rich woods and hammocks in northern Florida and in the northern part of the peninsula. The light-brown heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, strong, tough, and durable. (Cont.) Family 2. BETULACEAE. Birch Family. Shrubs or trees, the wood close-grained. Leaves deciduous : blades with 2-several series of teeth. Staminate aments drooping, Avith each bract subtending- 2 or 3 flowers, the calyx present. Pistillate aments seldom drooping, the bracts thickened and woocty, each one bearing 2 or 3 pistils, the calyx Avanting. Fruit a cone-like aggregate of the accrescent bracts each of which subtends a nut. Stamens 2 : bracts of the mature pistillate aments membranous, 3-lobed, deciduous with the nuts. 1. Betula. Stamens 4 (3-6) : bracts of the mature pistillate aments thickened and woody, persistent. 2. Alnds. 1. BETTJLA [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees, the bark often aromatic. Staminate flowers with 2 stamens, the anther-sacs separated. Bracts of the pistillate aments 3-lobed, thin and appressed or ascending at maturity. — Spr. — Birch. Fruiting aments peduncled : bark not aromatic : leaf-blades dentate-serrate : nut- body ovate to orbicular-ovate. 1. B. nigra. Fruiting aments terminating short branches and sessile : bark aro- matic : leaf-blades sharply serrate : nut-body cuneate. 2. B. lenta. 1. B. nigra L. Tree becoming 30 m. tall, the younger bark silvery or yellow: leaf-blades rhombic-ovate, 3-6 cm. long, broadly cuneate at the base, more or less tomentose beneath except in age: staminate aments with suborbicular bracts: mature pistillate aments 3-4 cm. long, less than 1 cm. thick, the bracts 6-7 mm. long, tomentulose: wings of the fruit reniform-ciliate. The Red-birch grows in river swamps in northern Florida. The light-brown heart-wood is close-grained and light, but both hard and strong. Also known as River-birch. (Cont.) 2. B. lenta L. Tree becoming 25 m. tall, the bark brown: leaf -blades ovate, oblong-ovate, or oblong-lanceolate, 4-12 cm. long, rounded or cordate at the base, silky on the nerves beneath: staminate aments with ovate bracts: mature pistillate aments 1.5-3 cm. long, over 1 cm. thick, the bracts 5-6 mm. • FAGACEAE. 15 long and quite as wide, glabrous: wings of the fruit rhombic-obovate or cuneate, not ciliate. The Black-birch grows on ridges in western Florida. The reddish-brown heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, hard, and very strong. Also known as Cherry- birch. (Oont.) 2. ALNUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees, the bark astringent. Stami- nate flowers with 3-6 stamens, the anther-sacs connected. Bracts of the pis- tillate aments not lobed, woody and spreading at maturity. — Alder. 1. A. rugosa (Du Eoi) Spreng. Tree becoming 13 m. tall or shrub: leaf- blades thickish, obovate or oval, 4-10 cm. long: mature pistillate aments 1.5-2 cm. long, the bracts 3-lobed: nuts 1.5 mm. long, sharp-marginpd. — Winter & spr. The Smooth-aldee grows on stream-banks in northern Florida. The brown heart-wood is close-grained, but soft and light. (Cont.) Family 3. FAGACEAE. Oak Family. Shrubs or trees, the wood coarse-grained. Leaves sometimes per- sistent: blades simple, entire, toothed, or lobed. Staminate aments elon- gate or globular, the calyx of 4-7 partially united sepals. Pistillate flowers solitary or several together, each subtended by a bristly involucre, the sepals thick. Fruit a bur-like, cup-like, or saucer-like involucre enclosing or subtending 1 or more nuts. Staminate aments globose, drooping on slender bracted peduncles : nuts 3-angled or 3-winged. 1. Fagus. Staminate aments elongate, slender. Staminate aments erect or ascending : nuts 1-3, included in a very spiny involucre. L'. Castanea. Staminate aments drooping : nut seated in an involucre of imbri- cated scales. 3. Quercus. 1. FAGUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees, with close-grained wood. Leaf- blades toothed. Staminate aments globular, pendulous: calyx 4-7-lobed: stamens 8-16, Pistillate flowers 2-4 together: calyx 4-5-lobed. Staminodia none. Ovary 3-celled: stigmas 3, filiform. Mature involucre with fleshy spines, enclosing the nuts. Nuts 2-4, 3-angled or 3-winged. 1. F. grandifolia Ehrh. Tree becoming 40 m. tall, the bark smooth, pale: leaf -blades ovate, oval, or oblong-ovate, 5-14 cm. long: staminate aments 1-1.5 cm. in diameter, long-peduncled: ripe involucre ovoid, 1.5-2 cm. long, short-peduncled : nut ovoid, narrowly winged, edible. [F. americana Sweet.] — Spr. The Beech grows in alluvial soil in middle and western Florida. The red heart-wood is very close-grained, hard, tough, and strong, but not durable on exposure. (Cont.) 2. CASTANEA [Tourn.] Hill. Shrubs or trees, with porous wood. Leaf-blades toothed, the teeth slender-tipped. Staminate aments elongate, spreading: calyx 6-lobed: stamens 10-20, the filaments greatly elongate. Pistillate flowers several: calyx 6-lobed. Staminodia present. Ovary imper- fectly 6-eelled. Stigmas 6. slender. Mature involucre with rigid often branching spines, including the nuts. Nuts 2 or 3, or sometimes solitary. — Chestnut. 1. C. pumila (L.) Mill. Tree becoming 16 m. tall or shrub, the bark smooth: leaf-blades oblong to obovate, 7-14 mm. long, acute or rounded at the apex, white-tomentose beneath, the lateral ribs in 14-20 pairs: neck of the hypan- 16 FAGACEAE. thium shorter than the body: ripe iuvolucre 3-4 mm. in diameter: nuts usually solitary, 1-1.5 cm. long. — Spr. The Chinquapin grows on sandy ridges and swamp-margins in northern Florida. The brown heart-wood is coarse-grained and light, but hard, strong, and durable. (Cont.) 3, QUERCUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees, with coarse-grained wood. Leaf -blades entire, toothed, or lobed. Staminate aments drooping: calyx 4-7-lobed: stamens 6-12, the filaments relatively short. Pistillate flowers solitary or several : ovary usually 3-celled : stigmas 3, dilated. Mature involucre (cup) saucer-lilce or deeper, subtending the nut, or rarely enclosing it. — Spr. — Oak. Fruit maturing the first year : nut glabrous within : leaf-blades not bristle-tipped. Leaves deciduous : blades lobed or toothed. I- Ai.bae. Leaves persistent: blades entire, except on shoots. II. Virginianae. Fruit maturing the second year, except sometimes in Q. mijrti- foUa: nut pubescent within : leaf-blades bristle-tipped. Leaf-blades entire or slightly lobed : nuts of a globose type. Leaf-blades pinnatifld or pinnately lobed : nuts of an ovoid type. III. Laurifoliae. IV. RUBEAE. Albae. 1. Q. alba. 2. Q. Margaretta. 3. Q. stellata. 4. Q. li/rata. 5. Q. Chapmanii. 6. Q. MicJiauxii. 7. Q. Mvhle7ihergiL Leaf-blades deeplv and prominently lobed. lyrate or pinnatifld. Acorns decidedly longer than wide ; nut protruding at least % beyond the cup Mature leaf-blades glabrous, glaucous beneath : acorn- cup shallow. Mature leaf-blades pubescent beneath : acorn-cup deep. Leaf-blades with rounded upper lobes : acorn-cup 11-14 mm. wide ; nut 12-14 mm. long. Leaf-blades with truncate or emarj;mate lobes : acorn-cup 15-20 mm. wide; nut 15-20 mm. long. Acorns wider than long : nut immersed in the cup or nearly so. Leaf-blades coarsely toothed or undulately lobed. Leaf-blades undulate or undulately lobed. thick-leathery. Leaf-blades coarsely toothed, membranous or thin-leathery. Acorns peduncled : leaf-blades mostly broadened up- ward, copiously white-pubescent beneath. Acorns sessile : leaf-blades mostly narrowed upward, glabrous or inconspicuously pubescent beneath. II. Virginianae. Acorn-nut of an ovoid type, much less than % included in the cup. Leaf-blades smooth or nearly so : acorn-cup hemispheric. 8. Q. virgimana. Leaf-blades rugose-reticulate : acorn-cup turbinate. 9. Q. gemmata. Acorn-nut of an oblong type, V2 included in the cup. 10. Q. Rolfsii. III. Laurifoliae. Leaf-blades glabrous beneath. Leaves persistent. Acorn-cup saucer-shaped : leaf-blades short. Acorn-cup hemispheric : leaf-blades long. Leaves deciduous. Leaf-blades acute, narrow. Leaf-blades rounded or emarginate, broad. Leaf-blades pubescent beneath. IV. Rdbrae. Leaf-blades dilated at the apex. Acorn-cup saucer-shaped : leaf-blades glabrous, except the vein-axils beneath. Acorn-cup hemispheric : leaf-blades brown-touientose. Leaf-blades not dilated at the apex. Leaf-blades pubescent beneath. Acorn-cup saucer-shaped : leaf-blades gray- or white- pubescent beneath. Leaf -blades rounded at the base ; lobes 3-5. Leaf -blades cuneate or truncate at the base ; lobes 5-13. Acorn-cup turbinate or hemispheric-turbinate : leaf- blades brown- or rusty-pubescent beneath. 11. Q. myrtifolia. 12. Q. laurifoUa. 13. Q. Phellos. 14. 0- hyirida. 15. Q. cinerea. 10. Q.nUtru. 17. Q. marylandica. 18. Q. triloba. 19. Q. pagodaefoUa. 20. Q. velutina. FAGACEAE. 17 Leaf-blades glabrous except sometimes In the vein-axis beneath. Acorn-cup saucer-shaped, the scales narrow, the inner ones not Inflexed. Acorn-cup swollen at the base : leaf-blades with broad rounded sinuses. 21. Q. Hchncclcii. Acorn-cup flat at the base : leaf-blades with acute narrow sinuses. • 22. Q. rubra. Acorn-cup turbinate, the scales broad, the inner ones inflexed. 23. Q. Catesbaei. 1. Q. alba L. Tree becoming 45 m. tall: leaf -blades obovate in outline, 10-20 cm. long, glaucous and finally glabrous beneath, pinnatifid into 3-9, usually 7, ascending, narrow lobes: acorn short-stalked; cup saucer-shaped or shallowly hemispheric, woody, tuberculate, 15-20 mm. wide; nut oblong-ovoid, 15-25 mm. long. The White-oak grows in rich woods in middle and western Florida. The light-brown heart-wood is close-grained, very heavy and hard, strong, tough, and durable. (Cont.) 2. Q. Margaretta Ashe. Tree sometimes 10 m. tall or shrub: leaf -blades oval or obovate in outline, 6-9 cm. long, more or less pubescent about the veins beneath, sinuate or shallowly 3-5-lobed: acorn sessile or short-stalked; cup turbinate-hemispheric, 11-14 mm. wide; nut oblong to ovoid-oblong, 12-14 mm. long. The Small post-oak grows in dry sandy woods in northern Florida. The brown heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, hard, and durable. (Cont.) 3. Q. stellata Wang. Tree becoming 30 m. tall: leaf -blades broadly obovate in outline, 10-20 cm. long, finely tomentose beneath with gray or yellowish hairs, pinnatifid into usually 5 broad tliverging lobes: acorns often clustered; cup hemispheric and contracted at the base, 15-20 mm. wide; nut ovoid, 15-20 mm. long. [Q. minor (Marsh.) Sarg.] The Post-oak grows in dry woods in northern Florida. The brown heart-wood is close-grained, very heavy, hard, strong, and durable. (Cont.) 4. Q. lyrata Walt. Tree becoming 35 m. tall: leaf -blades obovate or spatu- late in outline, 9-17 cm. long, white-tomentose beneath, or glabrate, lyrate- pinuatifid: acorn short-stalked; cup hemispheric or depressed-globose, 20-40 mm. wide; nut ovoid and exserted or spheroidal and nearly or wholly included in the cup. The OvEKCTP-oAK grows in river swamps in northern Florida. The dark- brown heart-wood is rather close-grained, very heavy, hard, tough, and durable. Also known as Swamp white-oak. (Cont.) 5. Q. Chapmanii Sarg. Tree becoming 10 ni. tall or shrub: leaf-blades obo- vate or oblong, 5-10 cm. long, 3-lobed near the apex, or merely undulate, sparingly pubescent beneath, lustrous above: acorn sessile or nearly so; cup depressed-hemispheric, 15-20 mm. wide; nut oblong-elliptic, 1.5-2.5 mm. long. Chapaian's-oak grows in sandy soil, chiefly near the coast in northern Florida and the northern portion of the peninsula. The yellow-brown heart-wood is rather close-grained, heavy, and rather hard. (Cont.) 6. Q. Michauxli Nutt. Tree becoming 35 m. tall, the bark flaky: leaf -blades obovate, varying to oblong, 8-16 cm. long, coarsely serrate, finely tomentose beneath: acorn sessile; cup deeply saucer-shaped or shallow-hemispheric, 25-35 mm. wide; nut oblong or oblong-ovoid, 30-35 mm. long. Tlie Cow-OAK grows in river swamps and damp woods in northern Florida and in the northern part of the peninsula. The brown heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, hard, tough, exceedingly strong, and durable. Also known as Basket-oak. (Cont.) 7. Q. Muhlenbergii Engelm. Tree becoming 50 m. tall, the bark scaly: leaf- blades lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 5-20 cm. long, coarsely serrate with usually somewhat flaring teeth, minutely pubescent beneath or glabrate: Trees of Florida 2. 18 TAGACEAE. acorn sessile or nearly so; cup hemispheric, about 15 mm. wide; nut ovoid about 15 mm. long. [Q. acuminata (Michx.) Houba.] The Yellow-oak grows in dry woods in western Florida. The light-brown heart-wood is close-grained, very hard, strong, and durable. Sometimes known as Chestnut-oak. (Coiit.) 8. Q. virginiana Mill. Tree becoming 30 m. tall: leaf -blades oval or oblong, varying to obovate or oblanceolate, 3-12 em. long, entire, smooth: acorns soli- tary, or spieate on peduncles; cuji hemispheric, 15-20 mm. wide; nut ovoid or oblong-ovoid, 20-25 mm. long, twice as long as the cup. The Live-oak grows in woods and hammocks nearly throughout Florida, except the Keys. The brown or yellow heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, very hard, ex- cedingly strong, and durable. (Cotit., Cuba.) 9. Q. geminata Small. Tree 10 m. tall or shrub: leaf -blades narrowly oblong, elliptic, or oblong-oblauceolate, 3-6 cm. long, entire, revolute, rugose-reticu- late, finely tomentose beneath: acorns usually 2 at the end of a stalk: cup turbinate, about 10 mm. wide; nut ovoid or narrowly oval, 10-17 mm. long. The Twin live-oak grows in sandy hammocks and on sand-ridges in northern Florida and in the peninsula. The wood is nearly similar to that of the Live-oak. (Cont.) 10. Q. Eolfsii Small. Small tree 7 m. tall or rigid shrub: leaf -blades cuueate in outline, leathery, 2.5-6 cm. long, mostly 3-lobed at the apex, or sometimes 5- lobed, bright-green, glabrous and finely reticulate above, pale and thinly stellate-pubescent beneath: acorns usually in pairs at the ends of short peduncles: cup hemispheric above a stout base, about 1.5 cm. broad; nuts oblong, or slightly broadest below the middle, 2-2.5 cm. long, about i in- cluded in the cup. RoLFS'-OAK grows in hammocks about Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. The brown heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, and hard. (Endemic.) 11. Q. myrtifolia Willd. Tree becoming 6 m. tall or shrub: leaf-blades obovate or oval, 2-5 cm. long, entire, shiny above, dull beneath: acorn sessile or nearly so; cup hemispheric, sometimes deeply so, 10-13 mm. wide; nut ovoid or oblong-ovoid, 10-14 mm. long. The Scrub-oak grows in hammocks and on sand-ridges, esoecially near the coast, nearly throughout Florida. The brown heart-wood is rather close-grained, heavy, hard, and strong. (Cont.) 12. Q. laurifolia Michx. Tree becoming 30 m. tall: leaves persistent; blades oblong, varying to oval or obovate, 4-13 cm. long, entire, deep-green, glabrous: acorn short-stalked or nearly sessile; cup saucer-shaped, 10-15 mm. wide; nut ovoid or globose-ovoid, 10-15 mm. long. The Laueel-oak grows in sandy hammocks and on river-bluffs throughout northern and peninsular Florida, except the extreme southern portion. The brown or reddish-brown heart-wood is coarse-grained, heavy, hard, and strong. (Cont.) 13. Q. Phellos L. Tree becoming 25 m. tall: leaves sometimes persistent; blades linear-oblong or narrowly elliptic to lanceolate or oblanceolate, 4-10 cm. long, shining and glabrous at maturity, entire: acorn sessile or nearly so; cup saucer-shaped, 10-15 mm. wide; nut subglobose, often depressed or globose- ovoid, about 1 cm. long. The WiLLOW-OAK grows in swamps, and on margins of streams in northern Florida and the northern portion of the peninsula. The brown heart-wood is rather coarse-grained and heavy, but rather soft, and strong. (Cont.) 14. Q. hybrida (Chapm.) Small. Tree becoming 25 m. tall: leaves rather persistent; blades oblong to cuneate, 6-12 cm. long, rounded or emarginate at the apex, dark-green: acorn sessile; cup saucer-shaped, very flat, 10-12 mm. wide; nut subglobose or ovoid-globose, 7-9 mm. long. Chapman's water-oak grows in moist calcareous soil in western Florida. The wood is said to be similar to that of the Post-oak. [Cont.) 15. Q. cinerea Michx. Tree becoming 30 m. tall: leaves deciduous; blades oblong, varying to lanceolate or oblanceolate, .5-12 cm. long, mainly entire, FAGACEAE. 19 pale-greeu, gray-tomeutose beneath: aeoru nearly sessile; cup saucer-shaped, 10-15 mm. wide; nut oblong or subglobose, about 15 mm. long. [Q. brevi- folia (Lam.) Sarg.] The Blue-jack grows on sand-ridges and in sandy barrens in northern Florida and in the ijeninsula as far south as the Evergh^de region. The l)rown or red- brown heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, hard, and strong. (Cont.) 16. Q. nigra L. Tree becoming 30 m. tall, the bark relatively smooth: leaves deciduous; blades oblaneeolate to spatulate in outline, 5-15 cm. long, entire and sometimes with a dilated terminal lobe, or 3-lobed at the apex, glabrous beneath or sometimes sparingly tomentose: acorn sessile or short-peduncled ; cup saucer-shaped, 12-15 mm. wide; nut subglobose, 10-13 mm. long. The Water-oak grows in sandy soil, swamps, or river-swamps in northern Florida and in the northern portion of the peninsula. The brown heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, hard, and strong. (Cont.) 17. Q. marylandica Muench. Tree becoming 20 m. tall, the bark very rough: leaf-blades broadly or narrowly obovate in outline, 9-16 cm. long, 3-5-lobed or with a single dilated terminal lobe, brownish-pubescent beneath: acorn sessile or short-stalked; cup depressed-hemispheric, 15-20 mm. wide; nut sub- globose or ovoid, 10-20 mm. long. The Black-jack grows in dry sandy soil in northern Florida. The brown heart- wood is coarse-grained, heavy, hard, and strong. Also known as Jack-oak. (Cont.) 18. Q. triloba Michx. Tree becoming 40 m. tall: leaf -blades ovate or oval in outline, finely tomentose with yellowish-gray hairs beneath, pinnatifid above a rounded base into 3-7 flaring or scythe-shaped lobes: acorn short-stalked; cup flat-turbinate or saucer-shaped above the turbinate base, 15-18 mm. wide; nut subglobose, 10-15 mm. long. [Q. digiiata (Marsh.) Sudw.] The Spaxish-oak grows in dry woods in northern Florida and the adjacent portion of the peninsula. The reddish heart-wood is coarse-grained, hard, and strong, but not durable. (Cont.) 19. Q. pagodaefolia (Ell.) Ashe. Tree becoming 32 m. tall: leaf -blades oval to oblong in outline, 15-30 cm. long, persistently white-tomentose, pinnatifid above a cuneate or truncate base into 5-13 lanceolate or narrowly triangular lobes: acorn sessile or nearly so; cup shallow-turbinate, or saucer-shaped above the turbinate base, 12-14 mm. wide; nut subglobose, about 10 mm. long. The Swamp spanish-oak grows in river-swamps and low grounds in northern Florida. The reddish-brown heart-wood is rather close-grained, hard, strong, and durable. (Cont.) 20. Q. velutina Lam. Tree becoming 50 m. tall: leaf -blades oval or obovate in outline, 10-30 cm. long, usually rusty-pubescent beneath, pinnately lobed, the lobes spreading: acorn sessile or nearly so; cup turbinate or hemispheric- turbinate, 20-25 mm. wide; nut globose-oblong or obovoid, 15-25 mm. long. The Black-oak grows in dry woods in northern Florida. The brown and red- tinged heart-wood is coarse-grained, heavy, hard, and strong. Also known as Yellow-bark oak. (Cont.) 21. Q. Schneckii Britton. Tree becoming 65 m. tall: leaf -blades oval, vary- ing to obovate in outline, 6-20 cm. long, with tufts of hairs in the vein-axils beneath, pinnately 5-7-lobed, the lobes ascending, oblong or triangular, the sinuses rounded: acorn short-stalked or nearly sessile; cup saucer-shaped, 20-30 mm. wide; nut ovoid, 12-25 mm. long. The Leopaed-oak grows in rich soil or river-swamps in middle and western Florida. The red-brown heart-wood is coarse-grained, heavy, hard, and strong. (Cont.) 22. Q. rubra L. Tree becoming 50 m. tall: leaf-blades oval, varying from ovate to obovate in outline, 10-20 cm. long, with tufts of hairs in the vein- axils beneath, pinnately 5-7-lobed, the lobes ascending, the sinuses rounded: acorn short-stalked; cup saucer-shaped, 25-35 mm. wide; nut ovoid, 25-30 mm. long. The Red-oak grows in dry or rocky woods in middle and western Florida. The reddish-brown heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, hard, and strong. (Cont.) 20 AETOCAEPACEAE. 23. Q. Catesbaei Michx. Tree becoming 20 m. tall: leaf-blades oblong to ovate in outline, 9-20 cm. long, glabrous, except the tufted vein-axils beneath, deeply pinnate-lobed, the lobes oblong, ovate or usually lanceolate, often curved: acorn short-stalked; cup broadly turbinate, sometimes rather flat, 25-30 mm. wide; nut ovoid, 20-25 mm. long. The Turkey-oak grows on sand-ridges and in pinelands in northern Florida and the northern portion of the peninsula. The brown heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, hard, and strong. iCont.) Order URTICALES. Shrubs or trees, or herbs. Leaves alternate, or in the case of herbs often opposite: blades simple, entire, toothed, or divided. Flowers vari- ous, not in aments. Calyx present. Corolla wanting. Androecium often of as many stamens as there are sepals. Gynoeeium of a single carpel or of 2 united carpels. Fruit an achene, a samara, a drupe, a syncarp. or a syconium. Fruit an achene, the achenes in the fleshy calyxes, on the outside or inside of a receptacle : anthers inflexed. Fam. 1. Artocaepaceae. Fruit a samara or a drupe, or nut-like : anthers erect. Fam. 2. Ulmaceae. Family 1. ARTOCARPACEAE. Mulberry Family. Shrubs or trees, the sap milky. Leaves mostly alternate : blades equi- lateral, entire, toothed, or lobed. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, in ament-like spikes or enclosed in a receptacle, the stamiuate with 3 or 4 stamens, the pistillate with a calyx of 3-5 sepals which greatly enlarge and subtend or envelop the achene: gynoeeium of 1 or 2 united carpels; styles or stigmas 1 or 2. Fruit a syncarp or syconium. Staminate and pistillate flowers on the outside of the receptacle. Staminate and pistillate flowers in ament-like spikes. 1. MORUS. Staminate flowers in ament-like racemes ; pistillate flowers in heads. 2. Papyrids. Staminate and pistillate flowers on the inside of a closed receptacle. 3. Ficcs. 1. MORUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees, with scaly bark. Leaves decid- uous: blades commonly serrate, sometimes lobed. Staminate flowers in cylin- drie spikes, with 4 sepals and 4 stamens. Pistillate spikes cylindric: sepals 4, the lateral ones larger than the others: stigmas 2, short. Fruit cylindric, the achenes included in the calyx. — Spr. — Mulberry. Leaf-blades glabrous beneath or sparingly pubescent on the nerves. Syncarp white or pinkish. 1- -1^- <'"'"• Syncarp black at maturity. -■ J^- »iijn'. Leaf-blades softly pubescent beneath. 3. M. rubra. 1. M. alba L. Tree 5-12 m. tall, with sparingly pubescent twigs: leaf-blades ovate to oval-ovate, 6-15 cm. long, generally pubescent about the veins beneath: staminate spikes 1-2 cm. long: fruits subglobose to oval-oblong, 1-2 cm. long, white or pinkish. The White-mulberry grows in woods and on roadsides in northern Florida and the northern portion of the peninsula. Nat. from Europe. The yellowish- brown heart-wood is close-grained, rather light but hard. (Cont.) 2. M. nigra L. Tree sometimes becoming 8 m. tall, or shrub, with pubescent twigs: leaf-blades ovate, 4-15 cm. long, abruptly short-pointed, becoming glabrous, but usually rough above: staminate spikes 1-2 cm. long: fruits oval- oblong, 1-2 cm. long, black. The Black-mulberry grows in fields and on roadsides in peninsular Florida. Nat. from Europe. The yellowish-brown heart-wood is close-grained, rather light. and hard. {Cont.) ULMACEAE. 21 3. M. rubra L. Tree becoming 20 m. tall, ■with early glabrous twigs: leaf- blades ovate to oval-ovate, 6-20 em. long, softly pubescent beneath: staminate spikes 4-8 cm. long: fruits eylindric, 3-6 cm. long, deep-red or purplish. The Red-mulberry grows in rich woods and hammoclts nearly throughout Florida. The dark-yellow or light-orange heart-wood is coarse-grained, light, soft, and rather tough. {Cont.) 2. PAPYEIUS Lam. Trees with smoothish bark. Leaves deciduous: blades serrate, often lobed. Staminate flowers in eylindric spikes, with 4 sepals and 4 stamens. Pistillate spikes globose: calyx 4-lobed: stigma 1, elongated. Fruit globular, each achene protruding from the persistent calyx. 1. P. papyrifera (L.) Kuntze. Tree, resembling the mulberry, sometimes 15 m. tall, with hirsute-tomentose twigs: leaf -blades ovate, S-16 cm. long: fruit globular, 2-3 cm. in diameter, the protruding achenes reddish or orange. — Spr, The Paper- jiuLBERRY grows in fields and woods and on roadsides nearly through- out nni-theru and peninsular Florida. Nat. from Asia. The whitish heart-wood is close-grained, light, and soft. {Coat., W. I.) 3. FICTJS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs, trees, or vines, with smoothish bark. Leaves mainly persistent: blades entire, toothed, or lobed. Flowers in hollow receptacles, the staminate with a calyx of 2-6 sepals, or these obsolete, and 1-2 or rarely 3 stamens. Pistillate flowers numerous: style rather long: stigma clavate, peltate, or 2-lobed. Fruit depressed-globular or elongate, the achenes included. — The trees of the following species flower, more or less, all year. — Fig. Leaf-blades lobed, very scabrous-pubescent. 1. F. Carica. Leaf-blades entire, smooth and glabrous. Receptacles pedunculate : leaf-blades usually broad-based. 2. F. Iirrrifolicu Receptacles sessile : leaf-blades usually narrow-based. 3. F. aurea. 1. F. Carica L. Tree 2-5 m. tall, or shrub, with pubescent twigs: leaf -blades palmately 5-7-lobed; petioles pubescent: fruits obovoid, 2-8 cm. long. The CoMMOX-FiG, a native of the Mediterranean region, has escaped from gardens, in many parts of Florida. The light-yellow wood is coarse-grained, spongy,, light and soft but somewhat elastic. (Cont., IF. 7.) 2. F. brevifolia Nutt. Tree sometimes 15 m. tall or shrub, with glabrous twigs: leaf -blades ovate-oval or rarely obovate, 3-10 cm. long, mainly roundedi or cordate at the base: fruits subglobose, 2-2.5 cm. in diameter. The Wild-fig grows in hammocks in tropical peninsular Florida and the Keys. The yellow or yellow-brown wood is close-grained and soft, but rather durable. (W. /.) 3. F. aurea Nutt. Tree, often starting as a vine, becoming 20 m. tall, with glabrous twigs: leaf -blades oblong, elliiitie, or oval, 3-10 cm. long, acute or short-acuminate at the base: fruits spheroidal or obovoid, about 2 cm. in diameter. The Golden-fig grows in hammocks in subtropical and tropical peninsular Florida and the Keys. The light-brown wood is coarse-grained, very light, soft, and weak. (IV. I.) Family 2. ULMACEAE. Elm Family. Shrubs or trees, the sap watery. Leaves alternate: blades inequi- lateral, commonly toothed. Flowers perfect, polygamous, or monoecious, variously disposed. Calyx of 4 or 5, or rarely 3-9 partially united sepals. Androecium of usually as many stamens as there are sepals. Gynoecium of 2 united carpels. Fruit a samara or a drupe, or nut-like. Fruit dry, a samara, or nut-like : embryo straight. Flowers mostly perfect: fruit a samara winged all around. 1. Flmts. Flowers polygamo-monoecious : fruit nut-like, bearing wart-like 22 ULMACEAE. Fruit pulpy, a drupe : embryo with conduplicate cotyledons. Flowers solitary or merely clustered in the axils : drupe solitary. 3. Celtis. Flowers in dichotomous cymes : drupes cymosely disposed. 4. Tkema. 1. ULMUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees, with furrowed bark and some- times winged branches. Leaves deciduous: blades toothed. Calyx campanu- late. Ovary sessile or nearly so, glabrous, sometimes pubescent. Samara orbicular to oblong. — Winter & spr. — Elm. Flowers long-stalked : samara ciliate : leaves smooth or nearly so. Branches corky-winged : samaras narrow. 1. V. alata. Branches not corky-winged : samaras broad. Samaras oval or obovate, with narrow converging tips. 2. V. americana. Samaras orbicular or orbicular-ovate, with liroad erect tips. 3. U. floridana. Flowers sessile or nearly so : samara eciliate : leaves very rough above. 4. U. fulva. 1. U. alata Michx. Tree becoming 20 m. tall, the branches often corky winged: leaf -blades narrowly elliptic or oblong-elliptic, or rarely broader, 2-10 cm. long, typically smooth above; petioles 1.5-3 mm. long: calyx deeply lobed: samara elliptic, 6-8 mm. long, long-stipitate, the wings pubescent and long-ciliate. The Wahoo grows in rich soil, chiefly near streams in northern Florida and In the peninsula to the Everglade region. The brown heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, hard, and tough but not otherwise strong. Also known as Winged-elm. iCont.) 2. U. floridana Chapm. Tree becoming 20 m. tall, the branches not corky- winged, the twigs glabrous: leaf -blades mainly oblong, oval, or ovate, 3-12 em. long, mostly smooth above; petioles 6-10 mm. long: calyx shallowly lobed: samara ovate, 11-13 mm. long, short-stipitate, the wings merely long-ciliate. The Florida-elji grows in swamps and on river-banks in western Florida and in the northern portion of the peninsula. The wood has not yet been studied. {Cont.) 3. U. americana L. Tree becoming 40 m. tall, the branches not corky-winged, the twigs typically pubescent: leaf -blades oval to ovate, 5-10 cm. long, some- times rough-pubescent above; petioles 4-7.5 mm. long: flower-clusters lax: ■calyx shallowly lobed: samara oval or obovate, 10-12 mm. long, the wings merely long-ciliate. The WiiiTE-ELir grows in low grounds and on river hanks in northern Florida. ,and in the peninsula to the Everglade region. The brown heart-wood is coarse- grained, heavy, hard, tough, and strong. Also known as American-elm. (Cont.) 4. TJ. fulva Michx. Tree becoming 25 m. tall, the twigs densely pubescent, the inner bark mucilaginous: leaf -blades ovate-oval or obovate, 8-19 cm. long, Tough-pubeseent on both sides: flower-clusters dense: samara suborbicular, 14-17 mm. in diameter, finely pubescent, ciliate. The SLirPEEY-ELM grows in rich woods in western Florida. TTie reddish-brown heart-wood is very close-grained, heavy, hard, strong, and durable. Also known as Red-elm. (Cont.) 2. PLANERA J, F. Gmel. Trees, with scaly bark. Leaves deciduous: blades toothed. Calyx campanulate. Ovary short-stipitate, tubercular. Kut- like fruit irregularly warty. 1. P. aquatica (Walt.) J. P. Gmel. Tree becoming 12 m. tall: leaf-blades ovate or elliptic-ovate, 3-8 em. long, serrate or crenulate-serrate, short- petioled: calyx lobes ovate, obtuse: fruits ovoid, about 1 cm. long, short- stalked, the processes soft. — Spr. The Water-elm grows in river swamps in northern Florida. The light-brown heart-wood is close-grained, light, soft, and weak. (Cont.) 3. CELTIS [Tourn.] L. Unarmed shrubs or trees, the bark often warty. Leaves deciduous: blades entire or toothed, very inequilateral. Calyx rotate, the lobes much longer than the tube. Stigmas 2, entire. Drupe subglobose. — Spr. POLYGONACEAE. 23 Leaf-blades of an ovate type. 1. C. georgiana. Leaf-blades of a lanceolate type. Leaf-blades sharply serrate, thin. 2. C. Smnllii. Leaf-blades entire or nearly so, thick. 3. C. mississippiensis. 1. C. georgiana Small. Tree becoming 8 m. tall or shrub, the twigs pubes- cent: leaf-blades deep-green, ovate, 2-5 cm. long, rough and sometimes spar- ingly pubescent above, entire or sharply serrate: drupes globose or nearly so, 5-7 mm. in diameter, red-purple or tan-colored. The Oeorgia-itackberey grows on sandy or rocky river-banks in middle and western Florida. The wood has not yet been studied. (Cont.) 2. C. Smallii Beadle. Tree becoming 20 m. tall, the twigs glabrous: leaf- blades thin, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 5-10 cm, long, acuminate, some- times with conspicuously elongate tips, sharply and irregularly serrate: drupes subglobose, 5-7 mm. in diameter, purple or purplish. Small's-hackberry grows on river-bluffs in western Florida. The wood has not yet been studied. (Cont.) 3. C. mississippiensis Bosc. Tree becoming 30 m. tall, the twigs sometimes pubescent: leaf-blades thick, lanceolate, varying to ovate-lanceolate or oblong- lanceolate, 6-12 em. long, long-acuminate, entire or nearly so: drupes globose or globose-ovoid, 5-7 mm. in diameter, dark-purple or orange-red. The Sugar-berry grows in rich woods and hammocks nearly throughout Florida. The light-yellow heart-wood is close-grained, but soft and rather weak. Also known as Ilackberry. (Cont., Ber.) 4, TREMA Lour. Unarmed shrubs or trees, the bark smoothish: leaves persistent: blades toothed, more or less inequilateral. Calyx rotate, the lobes much longer than the tube. Stigmas 2, entire. Drupe ovoid or globose. Leaf-blades cordate at the base : anthers over 1 mm. long : drupes yellow or orange. 1. T. floridana. Leaf-blades obtuse or rounded at the base : anthers less than 1 mm. long: drupes pink. 2. T. Lamankiana. 1. T. floridana Britton. Tree 6 m. tall or shrub, with copiously pubescent foliage: leaf-blades ovate, oblong-ovate or lanceolate, 4-10 cm. long, softly pubescent beneath: calyx greenish: drupes subglobose, 2.5-3.5 mm. in diameter, yellow or orange. — All year. The Florida-trema grows in burned or cleared hammocks in tropical Florida. The light-brown wood is close-grained, light, soft, and weak. {Endemic.) 2. T. Lamarckiana (K. & S.) Blume. Small tree or shrub, with finely hirsute or velvety twigs: leaf -blades oblong, lanceolate, or narrowly ovate, mostly 1-3 cm. long, finely serrate, scabrous above, veiny-reticulate beneath, obtuse or rounded at the base: calyx whitish or pinkish: drupes ovoid or globose-ovoid, 2-2.5 mm. in diameter, pink. The West-indiax teema grows in hammocks on the lower Florida Keys. The wood is nearly or quite similar to that of the preceding species. (11'. /.) Order POLYGONALES. Herbs, shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves alternate, or sometimes oppo- site or whorled : blades mostly entire : stipules present, usually as a sheath, rarely obsolete. Flowers perfect, monoecious, dioecious, or polygamous, variously disposed. Hypanthium long or short. Calyx of 2-6 sepals, which sometimes develop keels or wings. Corolla wanting. Androecium of 2-9 stamens. Gynoecium of 2 or 3 united carpels, the ovary superior. Fruit an achene. 24 PISONIACEAE. Family 1. POLYGONACEAE. Buckwheat Family. Plants various in habit. Leaves with manifest, usually sheathing stipules, and inflorescence not involuerate, or the stipules obsolete and the inflorescence involuerate. 1. COCCOLOBIS P. Br. Shrubs or trees, or rarely vines. Leaves alter- nate, the oereae cylindric or funnelform. Flowers borne in spikes or racemes. Sepals 5, surmounting the accrescent hypanthium. Stamens 8. Stigmas 3, entire. Achene 3-angled, included. — The plants of the following species flower, more or less, throughout the year. Leaf-blades longer than wide, narrowed at the base : fruits about 1 cm. thick. 1. C. laurifolia. Leaf-blades wider than long, cordate at the base : fruits 1.5-2 cm. thick. 2. C. uvifera. 1. C. laurifolia Jacq. Tree: leaf -blades oblong to ovate or obovate, 5-10 cm. long, narrowed or rounded at the base: panicles less than 1 dm. long during anthesis, the lower flower-clusters usually with 3 or 4 pedicels: sepals 2.5-3.5 mm. long: hypanthium-margin even between the filaments: fruit globose-ovoid. The Pigeon-plum grows on or near the coast of tropical and subtropical Florida, being most common in the hammocks of the Everglade Keys and Florida Keys. The dark-brown or reddish-brown heart-wood is close-grained, very hard, and strong, but brittle. (IF. 7.) 2. C. uvifera (L.) Jacq. Small tree or shrub: leaf -blades suborbicular, 4-20 cm. wide, cordate at the base: panicles over 1 dm. long during anthesis, dense: sepals 2-3 mm. long: fruit subglobose, borne in grape-like clusters. The Sea-grape grows in hammocks in the coastal regions of tropical and sub- tropical Florida. The dark-brown or somewhat violet heart-wood is close-grained, very heavy, and hard. (11'. /.) Order CHENOPODIALES. Herbs, often partially woody, or shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate or opposite, occasionally scale-like. Flowers mostly perfect, sometimes monoecious or dioecious. Calyx usually present, the sepals mainly sep- arate. Corolla wanting, or present and of minute or large petals. Androe- cium of 1-several stamens. Gynoecium of a single carpel or of several united carpels, the ovary mostly superior. Fruit an achene, utricle or a berry, or sometimes an anthocarp. Family 1. PISONIACEAE. Pisonia Family. Shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves opposite or alternate : blades simple. Flowers perfect, dioecious or rarely monoecious, cymose. Calyx of 5 united sepals, campanulate, tubular, or funnelfoi-m. Corolla wanting. Androecium of 5-30 stamens. Gynoecium 1-carpellaiy. Ovary 1-celled: style terminal. Fruit an anthocarp. Fruits angular, with rows of glands : calyx broad. 1. Pisonia. Fruits terete, glandless : calyx narrow. 2. Toerubia. 1. PISONIA [Plum.] L. Armed woody vines, or shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite: blades entire. Flowers in compound cymes. Calyx broadly funnel- form or rotate, with a thin undulate recurved edge. Fruits dry, with rows of glands. Library N. C, State Colles:* ANNONACEAE. 25 1. P. rotundata Griseb. Small tree or shrub, the bark pale: leaf -blades thick, broadly oblong or oval, varying to obovate, 2.5-8 cm. long, short- petioled: cymes densely flowered: calyx green or whitish, broadly funnel- form, about 3 mm. long, tomentulose along the edge: fruits broadly or nar- rowly obovoid, 5-6 mm. long. The PisoNiA grows in hammocks on the lower Florida Keys. The yellowish heart-wood is coarse-grained and rather weak. (Bah., Cuba.) 2. TORRUBIA Veil. Unarmed shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite: blades entire. Flowers in cymes. Calyx narrowly funnelform to tubular, with an erect nearly or quite even edge. Fruits juicy, without glands. 1. T. longifolia (Ileimerl) Britton. Small tree or shrub, the bark pale: leaves 3-7 em. long; blades spatulate to obovate, oblong-spatulate, or oval- spatulate: cymes open; calyx green or greenish, or purplish, narrowly funnel- form, 3-3.5 mm. long, the erect edge glabrous: fruit broadly or narrowly obovoid, 5-6 mm. long. — Spr. & sum. The Blolia- grows in coastal hammocks, and in those of the Everglade Keys and Florida Keys. The yellow or brownish-yellow heart-wood is coarse-grained and heavy but rather soft and weak. (11*. /.) Order RANALES. Herbs, shnibs, or trees. Leaves mostly without stipules, with entire or dissected blades, in aquatics often various on the same plant. Flowers perfect, monoecious, or dioecious. Calyx and corolla of distinct sepals and petals. Androecium of usually more hypogynous stamens than there are sepals. Gynoecium of 1 or several distinct or united carpels. Ovary superior. Fruit various. Sepals and petals valvate in the bud : stipules wanting. Fam. 1. Annonaceae. Sepals and petals imbricate : stipules present. Fam. 2. Magnoliaceae. Family 1. ANNONACEAE. Custard-apple Family. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate : blades entire. Flow'ers perfect, monoecious, or dioecious. Calyx of 3, or 2, sepals. Corolla of mostly 6 petals much larger than the sepals, those of the inner series smaller than those of the outer, or wanting. Androecium of many stamens, each anther terminating in a blunt glandular appendage. Gynoecium of few or many distinct carpels. Fruit a simple or aggregate beiTy. Carpels distinct, several-ovuled : anther-sacs separated. 1. Asimina. Carpels confluent, 1-ovuled : anther-sacs contiguous. 2. Anxona. 1. ASIMINA Adans, Ill-scented plants. Leaves mostly deciduous: blades broadened upward. Petals 6, much larger than the sepals, spreading. Carpels few: style subulate. Fruit simple. 1. A. triloba (L.) Dunal. Tree 3-12 m. tall or shrub: leaf-blades cuneate to obovate-cuneate or oblong-cuneate, or rarely obovate, 10-30 cm. long: pedicels 10-20 mm. long during anthesis: inner petals less than 20 mm. long: seeds 20-25 mm. long. — Spr. The Papaw grows in rich woods in middle Florida. The yellow or greenish- yellow wood is coarse-grained, light, spongy, and soft. Also known as Custard- apple. (Cont.) 2. ANNONA L. Pungent-aromatic plants. Leaves persistent: blades oblong, oval, or ovate. Petals larger than the sepals, converging. Carpels numerous ; style linear. Fruit aggregate. — Spr. 26 MAGNOLIACEAE. Petals very broad: fruits not tuberculate. Sepals over 10 mm. wide : outer and inner petals about equal in length. 1. A. (Jahra. Sepals less than 9 mm. wide : outer petals much longer than the inner. 2. A. pahistris. Petals narrow : fruits strongly tuberculate. 3. A. squamosa. 1. A. glabra L. Tree becoming 14 m. tall: leaf-blades oblong to oval or ovate, 10-18 cm. long: outer petals 3-3.5 cm. long: filaments 4 mm. long: fruit 8-12 cm. long: seeds 1.5-20 mm. long. The Pond-apple grows in the wet coastal hammocks of tropical and subtropical peninsular Florida, those of the Everglade Keys and the Florida Keys. The brown and yellow-streaked wood is rather coarse-grained, light, soft, and weak. (Bah., Cuba.) 2. A. palustris L. Small tree or shrub: leaf -blades oblong to ovate or oblong- lanceolate, 3-12 cm. long, or rarely larger: outer petals 1.5-2 cm. long: fila- ments 3 mm. long: fruit 5-7 cm. long: seeds 9-12 mm. long. TTie Alligator-apple grows in the Everglades about the Everglade Keys and on the adjacent hammock islands. Also on the Florida Keys. The wo(k1 is nearly similar to that of the Pond-apple. (IV. J.) ' 3. A. squamosa L. Tree with glabrous or nearly glabrous twigs: leaf -blades mainly oblong or elliptic, varying to oblong-lanceolate, mostly 10-15 cm. long, rather slender-petioled : sepals broadly deltoid, about 2 mm. long, acute: outer petals narrowly oblong to linear-lanceolate, 24-28 mm. long: berries ovoid to globose-ovoid, 6-10 cm. long, tuberculate, yellowish-green. The Sugar-apple grows in hammocks and cultivated grounds on the Florida Keys. Naturalized from tropical America. The wood has not been studied. {Cont.) Family 2. MAGNOLIACEAE. Magnolia Family. Shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves alternate, sometimes apparently whorlecl: blades entire, toothed, or lobed. Flowers perfect or monoe- cious. Calyx of 3 petaloid sepals or rarely more. Corolla of 5 imbri- cate petals as large as the sepals or larger, or more. Androecium of many stamens or rarely few. Gynoeeium of several or many distinct carpels. Fruit a cone of accrescent carpels which become baccate or follicular. Leaf-blades not lobed : nature carpels berry-like follicles. 1. Magnolia. Leaf-blades lobed : mature carpels samara-like. 2. Libiodexdeon. 1. MAGNOLIA L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves deciduous or persistent: blades entire or auricled at the base. Flowers perfect, white. Sepals and petals about equal in size. Fruit an echinate cone. — Spr., or spr. and sum. Leaf-blades thick-leathery, very thick, persistent, brown or rusty-tomentose beneath. 1. M. foetida. Leaf-blades membranous, sometimes firm, usually deciduous, gla- brous, glaucous or silky beneath. Leaf -blades not auricled at the base : flowers short. 2. J/, rirginiana. Leaf-blades auricled at the base : flowers long. Fruit oblong-conic : carpels with long curved beaks : leaf- blades pale green beneath. 3. M. pyramidata. Fruit subglobose : carpels obtuse or acutish : leaf -blades very glaucous beneath. 4. M. macrophylla. 1. M. foetida (L.) Sarg. A tree becoming 20 m. tall, the twigs tomentose: leaf-blades elliptic, oval, oblanceolate, or rarely ovate, 10-30 cm. long, shining above: flowers creamy-white, lemon-scented, broadly campanulate, 10-20 cm. wide: petals with suborbicular or orbicular-obovate blades 5-10 cm. wide: fruit oval, 8-10 cm. long: seeds 1.5-2 cm. long. The Magnolia grows in rich moist soil and hammocks In northern Florida and In the peninsula as far south as the Everglade region. The creamy-white wood is rather close-grained, heavy, and hard. (Cont.) CAPPARIDACEAE. 27 2. M. virginiana L. Tree becoming 25 m. tall, the twigs silky: leaf -blades oblong, elliptic, or oval, 5-15 cm. long: flowers white, globose-campanulate, 3-8 cm. wide: petals elliptic, oblong, oval, or obovate: fruit oval or ovoid, 3-5 cm. long: seeds 8-10 mm. long. The Sweet-bay grows In swamps, wet woods and hammocks nearly throughout Florida. The brown wood is rather close-grained and heavy, but soft. Also known as Swamp-bay. (Cont.) 3. M. pyramidata Pursh. A tree becoming 10 m. tall, the twigs glabrous: leaf -blades rhombic-obovate, 10-20 cm. long, the basal lobes diverging: petals lanceolate. 5-8 cm. long: fruit oblong, 6-8 cm. long. The SouTHEKN cucuMBER-TREH grows in low woods and on stream-banks In western Florida. The wood has not yet been studied. (Cont.) 4. M. macrophylla Michx. A tree becoming 15 m. tall, the twigs finely pubescent: leaf-blades obovate to oblong-lanceolate, 30-90 cm. long, the basal lobes broad: petals 12-20 cm. long, or rarely longer: fruit 6-10 cm. in diameter. The Lakge-leaved cucumber-teee grows in rich woods in middle and western Florida. The brown wood is close-grained, light, and hard but weak. (Cont.) 2. LIKIODENDRON L. Trees. Leaves deciduous: blades lobed. Flowers perfect, greenish-yellow. Sepals 3, reflexed. Petals 6, broader than the sepals, erect. Fruit a cone of appressed samara-like carpels. 1. L. tulipifera L. Tree becoming 60 m. tall, the bark with flat ridges: leaf- blades 6-20 cm, wide, 4-lobed, truncate or notched at the apex: flowers cam- panulate: sepals oblong to oblong-ovate, 4-5 cm. long: petals oblong, oval, or suborbicular, greenish-yellow and often tinged with orange : fruit conic, 5-7 cm. long, erect, the carpels 3-4 cm. long, indehiscent. — Spr. The Tulip-tree grows in rich woods in northern Florida. The yellow or brown- ish heart-wood is close-grained, light, soft, and brittle. {Cont.) Order PAPAVERALES. Herbs, shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves with entire, toothed, dissected, or eomi^onnd blades. Flowers perfect. Calyx of distinct or neai'ly dis- tinct sepals. Corolla of distinct or nearly distinct petals, or wanting. Androecium of few or many hypogynous stamens. Gynoeeium of 2-sev- eral united carj^els. Ovary superior, sessile or stipitate. Fruit capsular or baccate. Gynoeeium 2-carpellary : leaf-blades simple or palmately compound. Fam. 1. CAPPARIDACEAE. Gynoeeium 3-carpellary : leaf-blades plnnately compound. Fam. 2. Moringaceae. Family 1. CAPPARIDACEAE. Caper Family. Herbs, shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite: blades simple or compound. Flowers perfect, in racemes or cymes, or solitary. Calyx of 4 or 5 sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5, often unequal, petals. Receptacle often produced into a gland. Androecium of 4-6 stamens or more. Gynoeeium of 2-united carpels. Ovary often stipitate. Fruit capsular, sometimes baccate. Seeds conduplicate. 1. CAPPAE.IS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaf-blades simple, entire. Sepals 4 or 5, often spreading or reflexed. Petals 4 or 5, sessile. Receptacle unappendaged. Stamens numerous: anthers oblong to linear. Ovary long-stipitate: style wanting. Capsules sometimes baccate, often torulose. — Spr. — Caper-tree. 28 MOEINGACEAE. 1. C. cynophallophora. Leaves scaly ; blades not reticulate : sepals valvate : capsule scaly. 2. C. jamaicensis. Leaves glabrous ; blades reticulate : sepals imbricate : capsule glabrous. 1. C. cynophallophora L. Small tree or a shrub: leaf -blades oblong to oblong- cuneate, mainly 5-8 cm. long; sepals suborbicular : corolla 5.5-7.5 cm. wide: fruit-body mostly 10-20 em. long. The P.AY-LEATED CAPEit-TEEE grows in coastal hammocl?s along the lower half of the eastern coast, and on the Everglade Keys and Florida Keys. The yellowish or yellowish-white wood is close-grained, heavy, and hard. (W. I.) 2. C. jamaicensis Jacq. Small tree or shrub: leaf -blades elliptic, oblong, or oval, mainly 4-10 cm. long: sepals lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate: corolla about 3 cm. wide: fruit-body mostly 20-30 cm. long. The .Jamaica caper-tree grows in the coastal hammocks of subtropical and tropical peninsular Florida and on the Keys. The yellow or yellowish wood is close- grained, heavy, hard, and strong. (TF. /.) Family 2. MOEINGACEAE. Horseradish-tree Family. Trees. Leaves alternate : blades 2-3-pinnate. Flowers perfect, slightly irregular, panicled. Calyx of 5 unequal sepals borne on the edge of the cup-shaped hypanthium. Corolla of 5 petals resembling the sepals, the loAver petal reflexed, the upper one erect-spreading. Androeeium of 5 stamens, borne on the hypanthium, and 5 staminodia. Gynoeeium 3- carpellary. Ovary stipitate, with 3 parietal placentae. Fruit an elongate capsule. Seeds 3-wunged or wingless. 1. MORINGA Juss. Trees, with spreading branches. Panicles axillary, long-peduneled. Pods drooping. 1. M. Moriiiga (L.) Millsp. Tree- becoming 11 m. tall: leaves 3-6 cm. long: leaflets cuneate to oval or oblong, mostly 1-2 cm. long : panicles many-flowered : sepals linear or oblong-linear, 9-10 mm. long: petals visually white or pinkish, mainly oblong: capsules 2.5-3.5 dm. long: seeds 3-winged, the body fully 1 cm. loBg. — All year. The Horseradish-teee, a native of southern Asia, grows in woods and fields, and on roadsides in peninsular Florida. The wood is coarse-grained, soft and light. (TF. /.) Order ROSALES. Herbs, shrubs, or trees, or rarely aquatic plants or vines. Leaves with simple or compound blades. Flowers mostly perfect. Calyx and corolla present and sometimes irregular, or the latter occasionally, or both rarely, wanting. Andi-oecium of few or many stamens. Gynoeeium of 1-severaI distinct or united carpels. Fniit various. Flowers regular or nearly so. Seeds with usually copious endosperm. Calyx, or calvx and corolla, present : ovule soli- tary in each carpel, suspended. Fam. 1. Hamamelidaceae. Calyx and corolla wanting : ovules several or numerous in each carpel, horizontal. Fam. 2. Altingiaceae. Seeds without endosperm. Flowers monoecious, in dense globular heads. Fam. 3. Platanaceae. Flowers perfect, or if monoecious or dioecious not in heads. Carpels several or numerous, or if solitary be- coming an achene. Fam. 4. Malaceae. Carpels solitary, not becoming an achene. Leaf-blades simple : fruit a drupe : ovary 2-ovuled. Fam. 5. Amygdalaceae. PLATANACEAE. 29 Leaf -blades 2-3-pinnate : fruit a legume : ovary several-ovuled. Petals valvate in the bud. Fam. 6. Mimosaceae. Petals imbricate in the bud. Fam. 7. Cassiaceae. Flowers irregular. Upper petal enclosed by the lateral ones in the bud : corolla not papilionaceous. Fam. 7. Cassiaceae. Upper petal enclosing the lateral ones in the bud : corolla papilionaceous. Fam. 8. Fabaceae. Family 1. HAMAMELIDACEAE. Witch-hazel Family. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate : blades mostly toothed. Flowers perfect, monoecious, or polygamous, variously clustered or silicate. Calyx of 4 or 5 sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5 narrow petals, or wanting. Androe- cium of 4-many stamens. Gynoecium 2- or 3-earpellary. Ovary 2- or 3-celled : styles distinct. Fruit a leathery or woody ca^jsule, often elas- tically dehiscent. 1. HAMAMELIS L. Shrubs or trees with perfect or polygamous flowers, which are borne 3 together on short lateral peduncles. Sepals spreading or reflexed. Stamens 4; filaments short-subulate. Capsule abruptly beaked. 1. H. virginiana L. Small tree or shrub: leaf -blades suborbicular, oval- elliptic or obovate, 4-15 cm. long, coarsely erenate: petals yellow, 1-2 cm. long: capsules ovoid to subglobose, 12-15 mm. long, elastically dehiscent. — Fall. The Witch-hazel grows in rich or low woods in northern Florida. The brown heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, and hard. (Gont.) Family 2. ALTINGIACEAE. Sweet-gum Family. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate : blades toothed or palmately lobed. Flowers usually monoecious, borne in heads. Calyx and corolla wanting. Androecium of numerous stamens interspersed in scales. Gynoecium of 2 partially united carpels. Stigmas introrse. Fruit a head of many con- creted capsules. 1. LIQUIDAMBAR L. Trees with balsamic sap and corky-winged branches. Leaf-blades palmately lobed. Staminate flowers in racemes or panicled heads. Pistillate flowers in solitary heads. Fruiting head drooping. Fertile seeds winged at one end. 1. L. Styraciflua L. Tree becoming 45 m. tall: leaf -blades 5-lobed, the lobes triangular or lanceolate: fruiting heads 3-4 cm. in diameter, persistent: fertile seeds about 1 cm. long. — Spr. The Sweet-gum grows in swamps and low hammocks in northern Florida and In the peninsula as far south as the Everglade region. The brown and often red- tinged heart-wood is close-grained, heavy and hard but weak. Also known as Bilsted. (Cont.) Family 3. PLATANACEAE. Plane-tree Family. Trees. Leaves alternate : blades palmately lobed. Flowei's monoecious, minute, borne on globose receptacles, the heads dense, solitary, spicate, or racemose. Perianth obsolete. Staminate flowers veiy numerous : stamens 3-8 : filaments nearly obsolete : anthers elongate, each surmounted by a dilated connective. Pistillate flowers less numerous than the staminate: carpels 2-9, 1-celled, mingled with staminodia which are pilose at the apex, surrounded by long-jointed persistent hairs: styles terminal: stigma 1-sided. Fruit a head of elongate achenes, each surrounded by rigid hairs- 30 MALACEAE. 1. PLATANUS [Toum.] L. Trees with smooth bark and stout irregular branches from which are suspended the usually numerous long-peduncled fruit-heads. 1. P. occidentalis L. Tree becoming 55 m. tall, the bark pale: leaf -blades 3-5-lobed, 10-20 cm. broad, permanently woolly-pubescent on the veins beneath: fruiting heads subglobose, 2-4 cm. in diameter, drooping. — Spr. The BcTTONWooD grows on the banks of streams in northern Florida. The brown heart-wood is rather coarse-grained, heavy and hard but weak. Also known as Sycamore or Buttonball. {Cont.) Fa^iily 4. MALACEAE. Apple Family. Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate : blades simple and pinnately veined, or pinnately compound. Flowers perfect, regular. Hypanthium adnata to the ovaiy. Calyx of mostly 5 sepals. Corolla of mostly 5 petals. Androecium of numerous, or rarely few, stamens. Gynoecium of 2-5 wholly or partially united carpels, or rarely of 1 carpel. Fruit a more or less fleshy pome, being the thickened hyiDanthium enclosing the carpels. Carpels papery or leathery at maturity. Cavities of the ovary as many as the styles. Styles distinct : hypanthium-mouth more or less closed with a disk. 1. Pyeus. Styles united at the base : hypanthium mouth without a disk. 2. M.\Lus. Cavities of the ovary becoming twice as many as the styles. 3. Amel.\nchier. Carpels bony at maturity. 4. Crataegus. 1. PYEUS [Tourn.] L. Leaf -blades simple, usually toothed. Cymes simple. Pome usually tapering to the base, the flesh with grit-cells. 1. P. communis L. Tree, usually thorny: leaf -blades ovate, elliptic, or obo- vate, slender-petioled, 3-8 em. long, acute or acuminate, glabrous or nearly so in age, the base usually rounded: cymes few-several-flowered: pedicels 1.8-5 cm. long: sepals about as long as the hypanthium: corolla white, about 2.5 cm. broad: pome, in the wild form, seldom over 5 em. long, in the numerous cultivated forms often much larger. — Spr. The Pear, a native of Europe and Asia, grows in thickets and woods and on roadsides nearly throughout Florida. The reddish-brown heart-wood is close- grained, heavy, and hard. (Cont.) 2. MAIjUS [Tourn.] L. Leaf -blades simple, toothed or lobed. Cymes simple. Pome depressed at both ends, the flesh without grit-cells. — Spr. 1. M. coronaria (L.) Mill. Small tree: leaf -blades thick, shining and dark- green above, dentate or often entire, narrowed at the base, 2.5-5 cm. long: cymes few-flowered: pedicels 2.5-4 cm. long, slender: flowers fragrant: sepals glabrous: corolla pink, mostly less than 2.5 cm. broad: styles nearly separate: pome about 2.5 cm. in diameter. The Crab-appi-e grows in open woods and thickets in middle and western Florida. The light-brown heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, and hard. (Cont.) 3. AMELANCHIER Medic. Leaf-blades simple, toothed or rarely entire. Cymes simple. Pomes berry-like, globular. — Winter «&: spr. — Service-berry. May-cherry. — The heart-wood of the following species is close-grained, heavy, hard, and strong. It is brown or red-brown. Leaf-blades rounded or cordate at the base, glabrous, at least at maturity. 1 . .4 . canadensis. Leaf-blades narrowed at the base, permanently pubescent. 2. A. ohlongifoUa. 1. A, canadensis (L.) Medic. Tree becoming 17 m. tall: leaf -blades rounded or cordate at the base, sharply and finely serrate, sometimes sparingly pubes- MALACEAE. 31 cent when young, but early glabrous, 2.5-7.5 cm. long: pedicels slender: petals linear, linear-spatulate or linear-oblong, 12-18 mm. long, 3-4 times the length of the nearly or quite glabrous calyx and hypanthium : ponies gIol)ose, red or purple, sweet, about 6 mm. in diameter. The JuNE-BEiiitY grows in dry woods in middle and western Florida. (Cont.) 2. A. oblongifolia (T. & G.) Eoemer. Small tree or shrub, the foliage and inflorescence densely white-woolly when young, often nearly or quite glabrous when old: leaf -blades rounded, or sometimes narrowed or subcordate at the base, finely and sharply serrate nearly all around: pedicels short, seldom over 2.5 cm. long: petals spatulate or linear-spatulate, 6-14 mm. long, twice or thrice as long as the calyx and hypanthium: pomes 6-8 mm. in diameter. The Shad-bush grows in sandy woods in northern Florida. (Cont.) 4. CRATAEGUS L.^ Small trees or shrubs, usually armed with thorns or spines. Leaves alternate: blades simple, petioled. Flowers terminal, cymose or corymbose. Hypanthium cup-shaped or campanulate, adnate to the carpels. Sepals 5, reflexed after anthesis. Corolla white or pink. Petals 5, spreading, rounded, inserted on the margin of the disk in the throat of the hypanthium. Stamens 5-25, inserted in 1-3 rows on the edge of the hypanthium: filaments slender, incurved: anthers oblong or suborbicular, white, yellow, pink or purple. Ovary inferior, or its summit free, composed of 1-5 carpels: styles 1-5, not united, persistent: stigmas terminal. Pome globose, pyriform or oval, yellow, orange-red, blue or black, containing 1-5 bony carpels, each usually 1-seeded. Seed erect, the testa membranous. — Haw. — The plants bloom in the spring. Ilypostvle short and broad, upwardly and dorsally extended over the apes of the nutlets. I. COKDATAE. Ilypostyle confined to tbe ventral or lateral surface of the nutlets, abruptly terminated at the apex. a. Corymbs simple, 2-5-flowered. glabrous, expanding in February and early March : fruit globose, red or orange-red, ripening from May to July. II. Aestivales. b. Corymbs compound, many-flowered, usually glabrous (pilose in nos. 13 and 16), stamens normally 20: fruit red or yellow, less than 1 cm. in diameter. III. Virides. c. Corymbs 4-10-flowered, glabrous or very nearly so : stamens 20: fruit glabrous, 1.5 mm. in diameter or less, at maturity yellow, orange, green or red, the flesh firm : leaf-blades glabrous when grown, ovate, lanceolate, elliptic or sometimes obnvate, serrate and shallowly incised (deeply incised in no. 40). IV. Saegentiaxae. d. Corymbs similar to those of the next preceding sec- tion : fruit small, oval, subpyriform or globose : leaf-blades deeply and acutely incised or with numerous serrate rounded lobe-like incisions. V. Pulciierkimae. e. Corymbs 1-, 2- or 3-flowered. or frequently o-7-flow- ered, the pedicels and hypanthium either glabrous, pubescent or tomentose : fruit glabrous, yellow, green, orange or red, the flesh usually soft, and pleasant to the taste : leaf-blades various in out- line, serrate, crenate, dentate or entire, pubescent or glabrous : branches often pendulous. Flowers produced in few-flowered, mostly 5-7-flow- ered corymbs : pedicels and hypanthium pubes- cent or glabrous (densely white-tomentose in no. 78) : leaf-blades serrate, dentate or crenate, pubescent or glabrous : branches spreading or ascending or occasionally drooping as in the ViSENDAB. Leaf-blades serrate or coarsely and irregularly dentate. VI. Sokoriae. Leaf-blades finely dentate or glandular-dentate, usually with several tooth-like lobes. VII. Visendae. ^ Descriptions and keys taken from the monograph of Crataegus by Mr. C. D. Beadle, published in my Flora of the Southeastern United States (1903). 32 MALACEAE. Flowers produced In few-flowered, mostly 3-o-flow- ered corymbs : pedicels and hypanthium tomen- tose or pubescent : leaf-blades dentate, crenate or entire, either tomentose, pubescent or glabrous : branches mostly drooping. Mature fruit globose, subglobose or oval. Fruit averaging 1 cm. in diameter or more. Leaf-blades entire or nearly so. Leaf-blades toothed, often lobed. Fruit averaging less than 1 cm. in diameter. Mature fruit pyriform. Fruits 1.5-2 cm. long, over 1 cm. thick. Fruits smaller. Flowers solitary, 2 or 3 together (usually more In no. 132) : pedicels and hypanthium glabrous or pubescent : leaves small ; blades cuneate or spatu- late, or sometimes with abruptly contracted bases : spines usually numerous : sepals narrow. f. Corymbs with a single flower each, or 2 or 3 flowers, or occasionally more : sepals long and usually con- spicuously incised : fruit globose or pyriform, at maturity red, yellow or greenish, the flesh firm : leaves relatively small ; blades spatulate, elliptic or ovate : spines usually numerous, long and slender. g. Corymbs several-many-flowered, glabrous : stamens 7-20 : fruit red, green and red or yellow, the flesh firm or succulent : leaf-blades mostly shining, obo- vate, spatulate, oval or elliptic, glabrous or nearly so when fully grown : branches frequently armed with numerous large spines, or occasionally unarmed. L CORDATAE. Leaf-blades broadly ovate, cordate, truncate or abruptly cont Leaf-blades spatulate or oblanceolate, narrowed or cuneate at the base. IL AESTIVALES. Shoots, petioles, and lower surfaces of the leaf-blades rufous- tomentose. Shoots, petioles, and leaves glabrous or nearly so. Leaf-blades with abruptly contracted bases. Leaf-blades with cuneate or narrowed bases. III. VIRIDES. Leaf-blades coarsely and irregularly serrate, often with blunt or acute shallow lobes. Leaf-blades ample, 2-4 cm. wide. Leaf-blades (exclusive of those on the shoots) 1-2 cm. wide : twigs very spiny. Leaf-blades all sharply serrate and Incisely lobed. IV. SARGENTIANAE. Mature fruit yellow, orange-yellow, or green sometimes checked with red : anthers dark-purple : leaf-blades not conspicuously elongate. V. PULCHERRIMAE. Fruit oval at maturity, the flesh attenuate with the pedicels. Fruit 6-8 mm. long. Fruit 10-12 mm. long. Fruit globose or nearly so, the flesh not attenuate with the pedicel. Leaves more than 2 cm. wide. Leaf-borders with round, usually sharp-pointed, lobes. Leaf-borders with acute lobes. Leaves (exclusive of those on the shoots) mostly less than 2 cm. wide. VI. SORORIAE. Anthers yellow, white, or cream-color. Fruit yellow and red, or orange-red with ruddy cheeks. VIII. IX. X. ixtegrae. Dentatae. Anisophyllae. XI. Colonicae. XII. Recdrvae. XIII. Lepidae. XIV. Unifloeae. XV. Crl'S-galli. racted 1. C. at the base. apiifoUa. C. spathiilata. 3. C. aestivalis. 4. C. 5. C. maleoides. litculenta. palndosa. subviridis. 9. C. contrita. 10. C. 11. C 12. C. 13. C. pulcherrima. abstrusa. assimilis. robtir. 14. C. concinna. MALACEAE. 33 Fruit deep- or bright-red. I'edicels sliort, pubescent, at least in anthesis. redieels 1 cm. or more long, white-tomentose. Anthers purple or purplish. VI r. VISENDAE. often flushed or Fruit pyriform, yellow or orange-yellow cheeked with red. Fruit subglobose or oval. Leaf-blades with large blunt or rounded lobes. Leaf-blades with numerous small, tooth-like lobes. Anthers pink or pale-purple : inflorescence pubescent Anthers white : inflorescence densely white woolly. 15. C. galbana. 10. C. abdita. 17. C. consaii guinea. V. visanhi. 19. C. egrcyia. 20. C. guacsita. 21. C. cgcns. VIIL INTEGRAE. Fruit red. Anthers light-yellow : calyx deciduous. Anthers pale-purple : calyx persistent. Fruit yellow, orange, or orange-red, the cheeks often flushed. Pubescence of the corymbs copious but thin. Pubescence of the corymbs densely white-woolly. Vernal leaves bright-green : pedicels at maturity 1 cm. long or more. Vernal leaves gray-green : pedicels very short. 22. C. Integra. 23. G. adtinca. 24. C. panda. 25. C. dapsilis. IX. DENTATAE. Fruit red at maturity. Fruit yellow, orange or orange-red, the cheeks often red. Pedicels clothed with white spreading hairs : flowers 2-2.5 cm. wide. Pedicels white-woolly. X. ANISOPHYLLAE. leaf-blades lobed Fruit orange, often with flushed cheek's at the apex. Fruit red or reddish : leaf-blades lobed and toothed 27. C. compitalis. 28. C. claru. 29. C. arnica. 30. C. anisophyUa. 31. C. viaria. XI. COLONICAE. Leaf-blades dentate, slightly glandular-margined. 32. C. vicana. XII. RECURVAE. Leaf-blades (exclusive of those on the shoots) less than 2 cm. wide. Fruit red. Fruit yellow, orange, or orange-red, cheeked or splotched with red. Prevailing leaves with the blades abruptly contracted at the base. Fruit 8-12 mm. thick : spines mostly 1-2 cm. long. Leaf-blades conspicuously dentate and glandular. Leaf-blades subentire, the glands less con- spicuous. Blades obovate or suborbicular. Blades much more elongate. Fruit smaller : spines numerous, 1.5-3.5 cm. long. Prevailing leaves with the blades cuneate at the base, or with long-winged petioles. Mature leaves more than 1 cm. wide. Vernal leaves long, conspicuously overreaching the flowers. Petioles mostly short, never as long as the blades. Petioles mostly elongate, sometimes as long as the blades. Flowers large : sepals 4-5 mm. long. Flowers small : sepals very small. Vernal leaves less than 2 cm. long, the petioles white-woolly. Mature leaves less than 1 cm. wide. Some or all of the leaves (exclusive of those on the shoots) 2 cm. wide ; pubescence of the inflorescence copious but thin. Trees of Florida 3. 33. C. recurva. 34. 0. rimosa. 35. C. inopiiia. 3G. C. viUaris. 37. C. curia. 38. C. adiista. 39. C. illudcns. 40. C. rcrsuta. 41. C. incana. 42. C. crocca. 43. C. audcns. 34 MALACEAE. XIII. LEPIDAE. Fruit globose at maturity. Inflorescence tomentose : leaf-blades abruptly contracted below. 44. C. lepida. Inflorescence glabrous : leaf-blades cuneate or spatulate. 45. C. lacrimata. Fruit pyriform or nearly so. 46. C. condigna. XIV. UNIFLORAE. Mature fruit pyriform : sepals narrow. 47. C. Earlei. XV. CRUS-GALLI. Ripe fruits bright, shining, red: spines slender. 48. C. pi/racavthoides. 1. C. apiifolia (Marsh.) Michx. A shrub, or a small tree, 2-6 m. tall, with smooth gray bark, usually with several crooked stems. Leaf-blades broadly ovate or orbicular, 2-4 cm. long, 2-4 em. wide, acute at the apex, mostly truncate or cordate at the base, pubescent, at least when young, piunately and deeply 5-7-cleft, the lobes sharply serrate: corymbs subsimple, 3-10-flowered: pedicels and hypanthium pilose-pubescent: sepals lanceolate, usually glandular- serrate and colored at the tips: corolla 10-12 mm. broad: stamens about 20, the anthers pink or purplish: fruit oblong or oval, 4-7 mm. long, scarlet: nutlets 1-3, the hypostyle upwardly and dorsally extended over the apex. The P.\RSLEY-H.\w grows in low rich soil and swamps, and on banks in northern Florida. (Cont.) 2. C. spathulata Michx. A shrub or small tree, sometimes 6-8 m. tall, with gray or brown smooth or minutely scaly bark and usually several stems. Leaf- blades spatulate or oblanceolate, 1-4 cm. long, 5-20 mm. wide, narrowed into winged petioles, obtuse or subacute at the apex, the borders crenate or crenate- serrate and frequently incisely 2-3-lobed, glabrous or very nearly so, shining above: corymbs compound, many-flowered, glabrous: pedicels, hypanthium and short triangular sepals glabrous: corolla 7-10 mm. broad: stamens about 20: fruit globose, red at maturity, 4-6 mm. in diameter: nutlets 3-5, the hypostyle upwardly and dorsally extended over the apex. The Small-feuited haw grows in moist rich soil and on banks of streams in northern Florida. (Cont.) 3. C. aestivalis (Walt.) T. & G. A tree 5-9 m, tall, or a large shrub with several stems, the bark dark reddish brown, fissured and scaly. Leaf-blades elliptic, oblong, oblong-euneate or obovate, 2-7 cm. long, 1.5-3 cm. wide, either acute or rounded at the apex, narrowed or contracted below into winged petioles, dentate, sinuate or crenate-serrate, tomentose with a pale or rufous covering when young, becoming in age glabrate or glabrous above, below rufous-tomentose, especially along the midrib and veins: corymbs 2-5-flowered, simple: pedicels and hypanthium glabrous: sepals triangular, usually colored near the tips, minutely serrate or entire: stamens about 20, the anthers purple: fruit depressed-globose, red at maturity, punctate, 12-15 mm. in diameter: nutlets 3-5, the hypostyle confined to the lateral faces and terminated at the ventral apex. The !May-haw grows in shallow ponds and on banks of streams in northern Florida. (Cont.) 4. C. maleoides Sarg. A small tree 4-5 m. tall, or more frequently a large shrub with several stems. Leaf-blades oval, obovate or nearly orbicular, those of the shoots usually ovate, 1.5-5 cm. long, 1-4 cm. broad, glabrous or with tufts of hairs in the axils of the veins beneath, acute or rounded at the apex, narrowed or contracted below into short winged petioles, serrate, and at least on the shoots shallowly incised: corymbs simple, 3-5-flowered: pedicels and hypanthium glabsous: sepals lanceolate, usually colored: stamens 15-20, the anthers purple: fruit subglobose or slightly oval, at maturity red, 8-12 mm. thick: nutlets 3-5, the hypostyle confined to the lateral surfaces. In wet or moist soil bordering streams, Volusia County. (Endemic.) MALACEAE. 36 5. C. luculenta Sarg. A slender tree 4-5 m. tall, with ashy gray or dark reddish brown bark. Leaf-blades spatulate or cuneiform, frequently ovate or obovate on the shoots, 2-4 cm. long, 1-3 cm. broad or larger on vigorous branches, cuneate or contracted at the base into margined petioles, acute or bluntly pointed at the apex, irregularly serrate and incised, glabrous when fully grown, or with tufts of pale hairs in the axils of the principal veins beneath: corymbs 2-5-flowered, simple: pedicels, hypanthium and lanceolate sepals glabrous: corolla 15-18 mm. broad: stamens 15-20, the anthers purple: fruit globose or subglobose, 8-10 mm. in diameter, orange-red when ripe: nutlets 3-5, 4-6 mm. long, the hypostyle 3-4 mm. long. In swampy woods, Volusia County. (Endemic.) 6. C. viridis L. A tree often 6-10 m. tall, with gray or reddish brown fissured and frequently exfoliating bark. Leaf-blades ovate-lanceolate, elliptic or oblong-obovate, rarely ovate, 2-7 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide, or larger on the shoots, acute or bluntly pointed at the apex, narrowed or abruptly contracted at the base, irregularly serrate and often with acute or blunt shallow lobes, glabrous or with tufts of pale hairs in the axils of the veins beneath: corymbs compound, many-flowered, glabrous: corolla 10-14 mm. wide: stamens normally 20: fruit globose or subglobose, 4-7 mm. in diameter, red or orange-red when ripe: nutlets usually 5, the hypostyle three-fourths as long as the ventral angle. In low ground and moist woods in northern Florida. (Cont.) 7. C. paludosa Sarg. A small tree 4-5 m. tall, with gray or reddish brown bark, or more frequently a large shrub with several stems and spiny branches. Leaf-blades oval, elliptic, obovate or oblanceolate, or on the shoots ovate, 2-4 cm. long, 7-30 mm. wide, mostly acute at the apex, cuneate, contracted or on the shoots rounded at the base, glabrous or with tufts of pale hairs in the axils of the veins beneath, serrate, occasionally cleft or incised, especially on vigorous shoots: corymbs several-many-flowered: stamens about 20, the anthers purple: fruit subglobose or short-oval, 5-8 mm. in diameter, red or orange-red at maturity: nutlets 3-5, the hypostyle three-fourths the length of the ventral angle. In low grounds and on banks of streams, Volusia County. (Endemic.) 8. C. subviridis Beadle. A tree 6-8 m. tall, with gray bark. Leaf-blades ovate, obovate or oval, 2.5-6 cm. long, 1-4 cm. wide, or larger on the shoots, acute or acuminate, rarely rounded at the apex, contracted or narrowed at the base, or on the shoots rounded and truncate, glabrous or glabrate when fully grown, the borders serrate and incisely lobed: corymbs compound, many- flowered, pilose-pubescent: pedicels and hypanthium sparsely pilose: sepals narrowly lanceolate, entire or minutely serrate, pubescent on the inner surface, at least at flowering time: corolla 12-15 mm. wide: stamens normally 20: fruit globose, 5-7 mm. in diameter: nutlets 3-5, about 5 mm. long, the hypo- style three-fourths as long as the nutlet. In low woods and on banks of streams, near Chattahoochee. (Endemic.) 9. C. contrita Beadle. A tree sometimes 6-7 m. tall, with ashy gray or brownish scaly bark, or more frequently a large shrub with spreading branches. Leaf-blades ovate, oval or oblong, rarely short-obovate or suborbicular, 2-5 cm. long, 1.5-5 em. broad, glabrous at maturity, acute or bluntly terminated at the apex, rounded or contracted at the base, the borders serrate and incised ; petioles 5-20 mm. long, margined: corymbs simple, glandular-bracteate, 3-7- flowered: pedicels and hypanthium glabrous: sepals 3-5 mm. long, glandular- serrate: corolla 12-17 mm. wide: stamens 20, the anthers dark purple: fruit subglobose, 7-9 mm. in diameter, at maturity yellow-green or orange, often with ruddy cheeks, the flesh firm : nutlets 2-3, rarely 3-5, about 6 mm. long, the hypostyle occupying a trifle more than half of the ventral angle. In dry woods and on ui)lands. middle Florida. Also occurs in adjacent Georgia. 36 MALACEAE. 10. C, pulcherrima Ashe. A small tree 4-6 m. tall, with dark rough or scaly bark, or oftener a large shrub with one or several stems. Leaf-blades ovate, oval or slightly obovate, 2-5 cm. long, 1.-5-4 cm. wide, glabrous at maturity, mostly acute at the apex, narrowed or contracted, or on leading shoots rounded or truncate at the base, the borders serrate and deeply incised or 3-7-lobed; petioles slender, 5-20 mm. long, margined: corymbs simple, glandular-bracteate, 3-7-flowered: pedicels and hypauthium glabrous: sepals 3-4 mm. long, entire or glandular-serrate: corolla 15-18 mm. wide: stamens 20, the anthers dark purple: fruit oval, 5-7 mm. thick, 6-8 mm. long, at maturity yellow-green, sometimes with flushed cheeks, the flesh thin and firm: nutlets usually 2-3, rarely more, 4-5 mm. long, the hypostyle about half the length of the ventral angle. In woods and on bunks, middle Florida. Also occurs in adjacent Georgia. 11. C. abstrusa Beadle. A shrub or small tree 2-5 m. tall, with gray or brownish scaly bark. Leaf -blades oval, ovate, obovate or orbicular, 2-4.5 cm. long, 1.5-3.5 cm. broad, glabrous, obtuse or slightly pointed at the apex, contracted at the base, borders serrate and with shallow rounded, lobe-like incisions; petioles 5-20 mm. long, margined, remotely glandular: corymbs glandular- bracteate, simple, 3-7-flowered: pedicels 5-12 mm. long, glabrous, as is the hypauthium: sepals triangular-lanceolate, 3-4 mm. long, serrate or entire: corolla 15-20 mm. wide: stamens 20, the anthers dark purple: fruit oval or f*hort-pyriform, 7-9 mm. thick, 10-12 mm. long: the flesh firm: nutlets usually 2-3, rarely more, about 6 mm. long, the hypostyle occupying about half of the ventral angle. In woods, especially in sandy soil, near Tallahassee. (Endemic.) 12. 0. assitnilis Beadle. A small tree or large shrub 3-6 m. tall, with dark gray or brownish scaly bark. Leaf-blades ovate or oval, 2-5 cm. long, 1.5-4 ■cm. wide, glabrous, acute at the apex, contracted or rounded at the base, the borders serrate and with rounded, lobe-like incisions; petioles 7-20 mm. long, margined: corymbs simple, 3-6-flowered: pedicels and hypauthium glabrous: sepals triangular-lanceolate, 3-4 mm. long, serrate or nearly entire: corolla 15-18 mm. wide: stamens 20, the anthers pale purple: fruit globose, 7-9 mm. wide, the flesh firm: nutlets 3-5, about 6 mm. long, the hypostyle occupying a trifle more than half the ventral angle. In dry woods and on hills, near Chattahoochee. (Endemic.) 13. C. robur Beadle. A tree, sometimes 7-8 m. tall, with a trunk 1-1.5 dm. in diameter, clothed with gray or brownish scaly bark, or more often a large shrub with one or more stems. Leaf-blades ovate, oval or short obovate, 3-6 cm. long, 1.5-4 cm. broad, or wider on leading shoots, glabrous, acute at the apex, narrowed or contracted, or on vigorous shoots rounded or subtruncate at the base, the borders serrate and incisely lobed or acutely cleft : corymbs simple or subsimple, 3-10-flowered, glandular-bracteate: pedicels 1-2 cm. long, like the hypauthium, glabrous: sepals lanceolate, 3-4 mm. long, entire or sparingly serrate: corolla 15-18 mm. wide: stamens 20, the anthers pale purple: fruit subglobose, 7-9 mm. wide, the flesh firm: nutlets 3-5, 5-6 mm. long, the hypo- style about 4 mm. long. In woods and on borders of fields, near Tallahassee. (Endemic.) 14. C. conciima Beadle. A shrub 2-4 m. tall, with dark gray scaly bark. Leaf-blades ovate-lanceolate, oblong or elliptic, those of the shoots ovate, 2-5 cm. long, 7 mm.-2 cm. wide or on the shoots 3-4 cm. wide, glabrous, acute or bluntly pointed at the apex, narrowed or contracted or on leading shoots, rounded at the base, the borders serrate and more or less incised, the lobes or incisions rounded or on the larger leaves, acutely notched: corymbs simple, glandular-bracteate, 3-6-flowered: pedicels and hypauthium glabrous: sepals triangular-lanceolate, mostly serrate, 3-4 mm. long: corolla 15-18 mm. wide: stamens 20, the anthers purple : fruit subglobose, 7-8 mm. thick, the flesh firm : MALACEAE. 37 nutlets 3-5, about 5 mm. long, the hypostyle about half the length of the ventral angle. In woods and on borders of swamps, western Florida. (Endemic.) 15. C. galbana Beadle. A small tree 5-6 m. tall, with a short trunk some- times 1-1.5 dm. in diameter, clothed with dark gray or brownish black bark, or more frequently a large shrub with one or more stems. Leaf-blades oval, obovate or round-ovate, 1-4 cm. long, 1-3 em. wide, glabrous at maturity, acute or rounded at the apex, rounded or contracted at the base, the margins irregu- larly dentate: corymbs simple, 1-5-flowered: pedicels short, like the hypan- thium, pubescent: sepals 3-5 mm. long, serrate and glandular: corolla 15-20 mm. wide: stamens 20, the anthers light yellow or nearly white: fruit globose, 9-13 mm. in diameter, at maturity red, the flesh orange-yellow, succulent: nutlets 3-5, about 8 mm. long, 3.5-4.5 mm. deep, the hypostyle about half the length of the ventral angle. In woods and on borders of swamps, near River .Junction. (Endemic.) 16. C. abdita Beadle. A shrub or small tree 3-6 m. tall, with dark ashy gray or brownish bark. Leaf-blades obovate, oval or suborbicular, or on leading shoots sometimes broadly ovate, 1.5-3.5 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide, glabrous or glabrate at maturity, rounded or abruptly pointed at the apex, narrowed or contracted, or occasionally rounded at the base, the margins irregularly dentate: corymbs simple, 3-5-flowered: pedicels mostly 10-15 mm. long, like the hypanthium, white tomentose: sepals 5-6 mm. long, serrate and glandular: corolla 15-20 mm. wide: fruit globose, 10-15 mm. in diameter, at maturity red, the flesh orange or orange-yellow, succulent : nutlets 3-5, 7-9 mm. long, 3.5-5 mm. deep, the hypostyle 5-6 mm. long. In woods, mostly in sandy soil. River Junction. (Endemic.) 17. C. consanguinea Beadle. A tree 5-7 m. tall, with a trunk 1-2 dm. in diameter, clothed with ashy gray or brownish black, scaly bark, or often a large shrub with one or more stems. Leaf-blades obovate, round-ovate or nearly orbicular, 1-4.5 cm. long, 1-4 cm. broad, or larger on the shoots, glabrous at maturity, acute or abruptly pointed at the apex, contracted or rounded at the base, the margins serrate or serrate-dentate and shallowly incised; petioles 1-2 cm. long, margined, glandular: corymbs simple, 1-5-flowered: petioles and hypanthium pubescent: sepals 4-5 mm. long, glandular: corolla about 2 cm. wide: stamens 20, the anthers purplish: fruit globose, 9-12 mm. broad, at maturity red or orange flushed with red, the flesh succulent : nutlets 3-5, 7-8 mm. long, the hypostyle 4-5 mm. long. In woods, mostly in sandy soil, middle Florida. (Endemic.) 18. C. visenda Beadle. A tree sometimes 10 m. tall, with a trunk 2.5-3 dm. in diameter, clothed with dark gray or brownish rough bark. Leaf-blades ovate, obovate or orbicular, 2-4 cm. long, 1-3.5 cm. broad, glabrous in age, acute or abruptly pointed or occasionally rounded at the apex, contracted at the base, the borders finely dentate and usually with several acute tooth-like lobes; petioles 5-15 mm. long, margined, glandular: corymbs simple, 3-6- flowered: pedicels and hypanthium pubescent: sepals 4-5 mm. long, glandular, serrate: corolla 16-20 mm. broad: stamens 20, the anthers pale purple: fruit pyriform, 10-12 mm. thick, 12-15 mm. long, at maturity orange, diffused or cheeked with red, the flesh yellow or orange-yellow, soft: nutlets 3-5, mostly 3, 7-8.5 mm. long, the hypostyle two-thirds as long as the ventral angle. In sandy soil, near Bristol. (Endemic.) 19. C. egregla Beadle. A small tree 4-6 m. tall, with dark and very rough bark. Leaf-lilades ovate, oval or obovate, 1.5-3.5 cm. long, 7 mm.-3 em. broad, glabrous at maturity, acute at the apex, narrowed or contracted at the base, the borders glandular, broken by several large, shallow, blunt, or rounde^ lobes; petioles 5-15 mm. long, margined, glandular: flowers produced in simple few-flowered corymbs: pedicels and hypanthium sparsely pilose-pubescent: 38 MALACEAE. sepals about 3 mm. long, entire or sparingly serrate, glandular : stamens 15-20 : fruit subglobose, 10-12 mm. in diameter, at maturity yellow or orange, some- times flushed with red, the flesh orange-yellow, soft: nutlets 3-5, about 8 mm. long, 4-5 mm. deep, the hypostyle about 5 mm. long. In sandy soil, near Bristol. {Endemic.) 20. C. quaesita Beadle. A tree occasionally 5-7 m. tall, with a short trunk 1-1.5 dm. in diameter, clothed with ashy gray or brownish black rough bark> the branches drooping, or oftener a large shrub with one or more stems. Leaf- blades obovate or cuneiform, 1.5-5 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide, or larger on leading shoots, glabrous or glabrate at maturity, abruptly pointed at the apex, cuneate or more abruptly contracted at the base, the borders dentate, serrate-dentate or creuate-dentate and with tooth-like lobes; petioles 5 mm.-2 cm. long, margined, glandular: corymbs simple, 3-5-flowered: pedicels and hypanthium pubescent: sepals 3.5-5 mm. long, glandular-serrate: corolla 15-20 mm. wide: stamens 20, the anthers light purple: fruit subglobose, 8-11 mm. in diameter, at maturity orange-red, often with deeper colored cheeks, the flesh soft: nutlets 3-5, about 7 mm. long, the hypostyle occupying about two-thirds of the ventral angle. In sandy uplands, Apalachicola river basin. (Endemic.) 21. C. egens Beadle. A tree 4-7 m. tall, with a trunk sometimes 2 dm. in diameter, covered with dark rough bark, the branches crooked and recurved. Leaf-blades obovate, cuneate or spatulate, 1-3 cm. long, 5 mm.-2.5 cm. wide, glabrate at maturity, abruptly pointed at the apex, narrowed or contracted at the base, the borders dentate, glandular and with tooth-like lobes above the middle; petioles 3-15 mm. long, glandular: corymbs simple, 2-4-flowered or flowers solitary: pedicels and hypanthium densely white-woolly: sepals 3-4 mm. long, glandular-serrate: corolla 14-18 mm. wide: stamens 20, the anthers almost white: fruit subglobose or slightly oval, 9-11 mm. thick, at maturity orange-red with ruddy cheeks, the flesh succulent: nutlets 3-5, about 7 mm. long, the hypostyle about 5 mm. long. In sandy soil, near Bristol. (Endemic.) 22. C. Integra (Nash) Beadle. A small tree 4-5 m. tall, with a trunk 1-2 dm. in diameter, ashy gray or dark rough bark and drooping branches. Leaf- blades obovate or cuneate, 1.5-4 cm. long, 7 mni.-2.5 cm. wide, pubescent on the lower surface, pointed or occasionally rounded at the apex, contracted or narrowed at the base, the margins glandular, bluntly or undulately lobed; petioles 5 mm.-2 cm. long, margined, glandular, pubescent: corymbs simple, 3-5-flowered : pedicels and hypanthium densely white-tomentose : sepals 4-5 mm. long, glandular-serrate: corolla 15-20 mm. wide: stamens 20, the anthers light yellow: fruit globose, 10-15 mm. in diameter, at maturity red, the flesh soft: nutlets 3-5, about 8 mm. long, the hypostyle 5-6 mm. long. In sandy woods and old fields, central peninsular Florida. (Endemic.) 23. C. adunca Beadle. A large shrub or small tree 2-5 m. tall, with ashy gray or dark scaly or rough bark. Leaf -blades obovate, 2-3 cm. long, 7 mm.-2.5 cm. wide, or larger on leading shoots, glabrous or glabrate at maturity, abruptly pointed or rounded at the apex and with a small tooth-like point, contracted or narrowed at the base, the borders minutely dentate or nearly entire, glandular, sometimes with shallow tooth-like lobes; petioles 5-15 mm. long, margined, glandular: corymbs simple, 3-5-flowered: pedicels and hypanthium tomentose- pubescent: sepals 4-5 mm. long, serrate, glandular: corolla 15-20 mm. wide: stamens 20, the anthers pale purple: fruit globose, 12-15 mm. in diameter, red at maturity, the flesh orange, soft: nutlets 3-5, 7-8 mm. long, the hypostyle 4-5 mm. long. In sandy woods, about Tallahassee. (Endemic.) 24. 0. panda Beadle. A tree sometimes 6-7 m. tall, with dark rough bark and crooked recurved branches. Leaf-blades obovate or cuneate, 2-4 cm. long, 1-2.5 cm. wide, or broader on leading shoots, glabrous or glabrate at maturity. MALACEAE. 39 pointed or rounded and with an abrupt sharp point at the apex, contracted or narrowed at the base, the borders nearly entire, glandular; petioles 5-15 mm. long, margined, glandular : corymbs simple, 3-5-flowered : pedicels and hypan- thium pubescent: sepals -±-5 mm. long, serrate, glandular: corolla 15-20 mm. wide: stamens 20, the anthers almost white: fruit globose or depressed globose, 10-15 mm. in diameter, at maturity orange-yellow, often tinged or cheeked with red, the flesh orange-yellow, soft: nutlets 3-5, about 7 mm. long, the hypostyle about 5 mm. long. In dry sandy soil, about Tallahassee. (Endemic.) 25. C. dapsilis Beadle. A shrub or small tree 2-5 m. tall, with ashy gray rough bark and drooping or recurved branches. Leaf-blades obovate or cuneate, 1.5-4 cm. long, 7 mm.-2.5 cm. wide, or larger on the shoots, more or less pubescent at maturity, especially on the lower surface along the midrib and in the axils of the veins, rounded or slightly and abruptly pointed at the apex, contracted or narrowed, or on leading shoots sometimes rounded at the base, the borders entire, glandular; petioles 5-15 mm. long, margined, glandu- lar: corymbs 2-4-flowered or flowers solitary: pedicels and hypanthium densely white-tomentose: sepals 4-5 mm. long, glandular, slightly serrate: corolla 15-20 mm. wide: stamens 20, the anthers light yellow: fruit globose or subglobose, 10-15 mm. in diameter, yellow or orange, cheeked with red, the flesh soft: nutlets 3-5, 8-9 mm. long, the hypostyle 5-6 mm. long. In sandy soil, central peninsular Florida. (Endemic.) 26. C. rava Beadle. A shrub or small tree 2-5 m. tall, with ashy gray rough or scaly bark and crooked, slightly drooping branches. Leaf-blades obovate, cuneate or spatulate, 1-3 cm. long, 7 mm.-2.5 cm. wide, pubescent or glabrate at maturity, rounded and mostly with a short abrupt point at the apex, nar- rowed or contracted at the base, the borders glandular and nearly entire; petioles 5-15 mm. long, margined, glandular: corymbs 2-4-flowered or flowers solitary: pedicels very short, like the hypanthium densely tomentose: sepals 4-5 mm. long, serrate, glandular: corolla 15-20 mm. wide: stamens 20, the anthers light yellow or almost white: fruit globose or subglobose, 10-12 mm. in diameter, when ripe yellow or orange-yellow cheeked or splotched with red, the flesh soft: nutlets 3-5, about 7 mm. long, the hypostyle about 5 mm. long. In open, mostly in sandy soil, about Tallahassee. {Endemic.) 27. C. compitalis Beadle. A small tree, or oftener a large shrub, 2-5 m. tall, with dark gray or brownish rough bark and recurved branches. Leaf-blades obovate or obovate-cuneiform, 2-4 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide, nearly or quite glabrous in age, rounded or with a small abrupt point at the apex, usually contracted at the base, the borders dentate or serrate-dentate; petioles 5-15 mm. long, margined, glandular: corymbs simple, 3-5-flowered: pedicels and hypanthium densely tomentose: sepals 4—5 mm. long, serrate, glandular: corolla 15-18 mm. wide: stamens 20, the anthers light yellow or nearly white: fruit subglobose or oval, 10-13 mm. thick, red when fully ripe, the flesh soft : nutlets 3-5, 8-9 mm. long, the hypostyle 6-7 mm. long. On roadsides, near Gainesville. (Endemic.) 28. C. Clara Beadle. A small tree 4-6 m. tall, with dark gray or brownish rough bark, or oftener a large much-branched shrub. Leaf-blades obovate or obovate-cuneate, 2-4 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad, or larger on vigorous shoots, shining above, slightly pubescent below, even in age, rounded or pointed at the apex, narrowed or sometimes more abruptly contracted at the base, the borders dentate or crenate-dentate ; petioles 5-15 mm. long, margined, glandular: corjTiibs simple, 3-5-flowered: pedicels and hypanthium pubescent: sepals 4-5 mm. long, serrate, glandular: corolla 15-18 mm. wide: stamens 20, the anthers faintly tinged with purple: fruit globose, 9-12 mm. in diameter, orange-red when ripe: nutlets 3-5, about 7 mm. long, the hypostyle about 5 mm. long. In sandy soil in oak woods, Apalachicola river basin. (Endemic.) 40 MALACEAE. 29. C. arnica Beadle. A small tree, or a large shrub 3-6 m. tall, with dark rough or rimose bark and recurved branches. Leaf-blades euneate or oblong- cuneiform, or on leading shoots broadly ovate, 1.5-3.5 cm. long, 7 nim.-2.5 cm. broad, or wider on the shoots, mostly pointed or lobed at the apex, narrowed or contracted at the base, the borders glandular, dentate above the middle; petioles 5 mm.-2.5 cm. long, margined, glandular: corymbs simple, 3-5- flowered: pedicels and hypanthium densely tomentose: sepals about 5 mm. long, glandular-serrate: corolla about 2 cm. wide: stamens 20, the anthers light yellow: fruit subglobose, 10-13 mm. thick, at maturity orange blotched or cheeked with red, the flesh soft: nutlets 3-5, 6-7 mm. long, the hypostyle occupying three-fourths of the ventral angle. In sandy woods and along roads, Ocala. (Endemic.) 30. C. anisophylla Beadle. A large shrub, or a tree sometimes 6 m. tall, with a short trunk 1.5-2 dm. in diameter, clothed with dark brown rough or rimose bark, the branches drooping. Leaf-blades spatulate or euneate, 2-4 em. long, 5 mm.-1.5 cm. wide, or a little broader on the shoots, glabrous in age, rounded, pointed or lobed at the apex, wedge-shaped at the base; petioles 5 mm.-3 cm. long, winged, remotely glandular: corymbs simple, 2-4-flowered or flowers solitary: pedicels and hypanthium tomentose: sepals 3-4 mm. long, glandular- serrate: corolla about 15 mm. wide: stamens about 20, the anthers yellow: fruit globose or subglobose, 6-8 mm. in diameter, orange flushed or cheeked with red when fully ripe, the flesh soft: nutlets 3-5, 4.5-5.5 mm. long, the hypostyle about 3 mm. long. In sandy soil and on the banks of the St. .Tohns river. (.Endemic.) 31. C. viaria Beadle. A large shrub, or a small tree 2-5 m. tall, with dark rough bark and drooping branches. Leaf-blades spatulate, euneate or obovate- cuneiform, 1.5-3.5 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, glabrate or pubescent along the midrib and in the axils of the principal veins beneath at maturity, pointed or lobed at the apex, wedge-shaped or more abruptly contracted at the base, the borders dentate, glandular, and usually shallowly lobed above the middle; petioles 7 mm.-2 cm. long, winged, glandular: corymbs simple, 2-4-flowered or flowers solitary: pedicels and hypanthium tomentose: sepals 3-4 mm. long, glandular-serrate or nearly entire: corolla 10-13 mm. wide: stamens 20, the anthers yellow: fruit globose, 7-9 mm. in diameter, red at maturity: nutlets 3-5, 6-7 mm. long, the hypostyle 4-5 mm. long. In sandy soil, northeastern Florida. (Endemic.) 32. C. vicana Beadle. A large shrub, or a small tree 2-4 m. tall, with ashy gray or brownish, rough or rimose bark and drooping branches. Leaf-blades euneate or oblong- or obovate-euneiform, 1.5-3.5 em. long, 7 mm.-2 cm. wide, or on leading shoots sometimes 4.5 cm. wide, glabrate or somewhat pubescent beneath at maturity, either pointed or rounded, occasionally truncate at the apex, narrowed or contracted at the base, the margins dentate or shallowly lobed near the apex; petioles 7 mm.-2.5 em. long, margined, glandular: corymbs simple, 3-5-flowered: pedicels and hypanthium tomentose: sepals 4-5 mm. long, glandular-serrate: corolla 15-20 mm. wide: stamens 20, the anthers light yellow: fruit pyriform or oblong-pyriform, 10-14 mm. thick, about 1.5 em. long, yellow or orange at maturity, blotched or cheeked with red, the flesh soft: nutlets mostly 3, 8-10 mm. long, the hypostyle 6-7 mm. long. In sandy soil, near Travers. (Endemic.) 33. C. recurva Beadle. A shrub, or a small tree 3-5 m. tall, with ashy gray or brownish, rough or rimose bark and pendulous branches. Leaf-blades euneate or spatulate or on leading shoots obovate-euneiform, 1.5-3 em. long, 5-15 mm. wide, or broader on the shoots, glabrous or glabrate at maturity, wedge-shaped or more abruptly contracted at the base, pointed or rounded at the apex, the margins glandular, dentate or lobed; petioles 5-15 mm. long, margined, glandular: corymbs simple, 2-3-flowered or flowers solitary: pedicels MALACEAE. 41 and hypanthium tomentose: sepals 4-5 mm. long, glandular-serrate: corolla 12-15 mm. wide: stamens about 20, the anthers light yellow: fruit pyriform or short-pyriform, 7-9 mm. thick, red at maturity, the flesh soft: nutlets 3-5, 6-7 mm. long, the hypostyle about 5 mm. long. In sandy soil, near Ocala. (Endemic.) 34. C. rimosa Beadle. A small tree, or a large shrub 2-4 m. tall, with rimose bark and slender drooping branches. Leaf-blades cuneate, spatulate or oblong- cuneiform, 1-2.5 cm. long, 7 mm.-2 cm. wide, or broader on leading shoots, glabrate or pubescent on the lower surface, especially along the midrib and in the axils of the principal veins, usually abruptly contracted, but occasionally wedge-shaped at the base, either rounded, abruptly pointed or lobed at the apex, the borders glandular, dentate above the middle; petioles 5 mm.-2 cm. long, margined, glandular: corymbs simple, 3-4-flowered, or flowers solitary: pedicels and hypanthium tomentose: sepals 3-4 mm. long, glandular-serrate: corolla 12-15 mm. wide: stamens 20, the anthers light yellow: fruit short- pyriform, 9-12 mm. thick, at maturity yellow or orange-yellow flushed or cheeked with red, the flesh soft: nutlets 3-5, 6-7 mm. long, the hypostyle 4-5 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. wide on each side of the ventral angle. In sandy soil, near Citra. (Endemic.) 35. C. inopina Beadle. A small tree, or a large shrub 3-5 m. tall, with dark rough or rimose bark and recurved branches. Leaf-blades obovate-cuneiform, sometimes suborbicular, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, or larger on leading shoots, glabrate at maturity or with some pubescence on the lower surface and in the axils of the large veins, usually abruptly contracted, but occasionally wedge-shaped at the base, either rounded, pointed or lobed at the apex, the borders entire or denticulate ; petioles 5 mm.-2 cm. long, margined, glandular, mostly scurfy-tomentose : corymbs simple, 2-4-flowered, or flowers solitary: pedicels and hypanthium tomentose: sepals 3-4.5 mm. long, glandular-serrate: corolla 12-15 mm. wide: stamens 20, the anthers light yellow or almost white: fruit pyriform, 8-11 mm. thick, 12-14 mm. long, at maturity yellow or orange- yellow, sometimes cheeked with red, the flesh soft: nutlets 3-5, 6-7 mm. long, the hypostyle 4-5 mm. long. In sandy soil, near Ocala. (Endemic.) 36. C. villaris Beadle. A small tree, or a large shrub 3-5 m. tall, with dark rough or rimose bark and drooping branches. Leaf-blades cuneate or oblong- cuneiform, 1.5-3.5 cm. long, 5 mm.-2 cm. wide or broader on leading shoots, glabrous or glabrate at maturity, usually abruptly contracted, but occasionally wedge-shaped at the base, rounded or abruptly pointed at the apex, the borders glandular, entire or nearly so ; petioles 5 mm.-2 em. long, margined, glandular: corymbs simple, 2-4-flowered, or flowers solitary: pedicels and hypanthium tomentose: sepals 3-4 mm. long, glandular-serrate: corolla 12-16 mm. wide: fruit pyriform, 8-11 mm. thick, at maturity yellow or orange- yellow, cheeked or flushed with red, the flesh soft: nutlets mostly 3-4, 6-7 mm. long, the hypostyle 4-5 mm. long. In sandy soil, near Citra. (Endemic.) 37. C. curva Beadle. A shrub, or a very small tree 2-4 m. tall, usually with several trunks clothed with dark rough bark, and crooked, drooping, very spiny branches. Leaf-blades oliovate or obovate-cuneiform, 1-2 cm. long, 5 mm.- 2 cm. wide, glabrate at maturity or with some conspicuous pubescence along the midrib in the axils of the prominent veins beneath, roundeil or al>ruptly pointed at the apex, abruptly contracted at the base, the borders subentire or denticulate and shallowly lobed; petioles 5-15 mm. long, margined, glandular: corymbs simple, 2-4-flowered, or flowers solitary: pedicels and hypanthium tomentose: sepals 3-4 mm. long, serrate, glandular: corolla 12-15 mm. wide: stamens 20, the anthers light yellow: fruit pyriform, (j-9 mm. thick, at maturity orange-red or orange with red cheeks, the flesh very thin: nutlets usually 3-4, 42 MALACEAE. 6-7 mm. long, the hypostyle 4-5 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. wide near the top of each lateral surface. In sandy soil, northeastern Florida. (Endemic.) 38. C. adusta Beadle. A large shrub, or a small tree 2-5 m. tall, with dark gray or brownish rough bark and drooping branches. Leaf -blades cuneiform, 1.5-3 cm. long, 7 mm.-2 cm. wide or larger and obovate-cuneiform on the lead- ing shoots, glabrate at maturity, rounded or with a short, abrupt point at the apex, the borders glandular, sub-entire, or dentate near the apex; petioles 5-15 mm. long, margined, glandular: corymbs simple, 2-4-flowered or flowers solitary: pedicels and hypanthium tomentose: sepals 3-5 mm. long, glandular- serrate: corolla 14-18 mm. wide: stamens 20, the anthers almost white: fruit short-pyriform, 9-11 mm. thick, at maturity orange-red, usually spotted and streaked with red, the flesh soft: nutlets 3-5, about 8 mm. long, the hypostyle 5-6 mm. long. In sandy woods, near Gainesville. (.Endemic.) 39. C. illudens Beadle. A small tree, or a large shrub with dark gray or brownish rough bark and drooping branches. Leaf-blades cuneiform, 1.5-3.5 cm. long, 7 mm.-2 cm. wide, or broader on vigorous shoots, glabrous or glabrate at maturity, rounded, pointed or lobed at the apex, the borders entire or den- ticulate, glandular, sometimes lobed above the middle, especially on leading shoots; petioles 7 mni.-3 cm. long, winged, glandular: corymbs 2-4-flowered, or flowers occasionally solitary: pedicels and hypanthium tomentose: sepals 3.5-5 mm. long, glandular-serrate: corolla 14-18 mm. wide: fruit pyriform, 8-11 mm. thick, yellow at maturity, the flesh soft: nutlets mostly 3, about 7 mm. long, the hypostyle about 5 mm. long. In sandy soil, near Citra. (Endemic.) 40. C, incana Beadle. A large shrub 2-4 m. tall, with dark gray or brownish, rough or scaly bark and crooked recurved branches. Leaf-blades cuneate or obovate-cuneate, 1-2.5 em. long, 7 mm.-2 cm. wide, pubescent, abruptly pointed or rounded at the apex, wedge-shaped or more abruptly contracted at the base, the margins glandular, sub-entire or shallowly lobed; petioles 5-15 mm. long, margined, densely white-tomentose when young, glandular: corymbs simple, 2-4-flowered, or flowers solitary: pedicels and hypanthium densely white-tomentose: sepals 4-5 mm. long, glandular: corolla about 15 mm. wide: stamens 20, the anthers nearly white: fruit pyriform, 8-9 mm. thick, at ma- turity orange-yellow, flushed or cheeked with red: nutlets 3-5, about 7 mm. long, the hypostyle about 5 mm. long. In woods and on banks, middle Florida. Also occurs in adjacent Georgia. 41. C. versuta Beadle. A shrub, or a small tree 3-6 m. tall, with dark rough bark and drooping branches. Leaf-blades cuneiform, 1-3 cm. long, 5 mm.-2 cm. wide, or broader on leading shoots, pubescent or tomentose at maturity, at least on the lower surface along the midrib and in the axils of the principal veins, rounded, pointed or lobed at the apex, the borders glandular, dentate or lobed above the middle; petioles 5 mm.-3 cm. long, winged, glandular, pubes- cent: corymbs simple, 2-4-flowered, or flowers solitary: pedicels and hypan- thium tomentose: sepals 2-3 mm. long, glandular: corolla 10-12 mm. wide: stamens 20, the anthers light yellow: fruit short-pyriform, 6-9 mm. thick, at maturity orange or greenish yellow with ruddy cheeks: nutlets 3-5, about 6 mm. long, the hypostyle 3-4 mm. long. In sandy oak woods, Apalachicola river basin. (Endemic.) 42. C. crocea Beadle. A small tree, or a large shrub 3-6 m. tall, with dark rough bark and slender drooping branches. Leaf -blades cuneiform, 1-2.5 cm. long, 5-15 mm. wide, or broader on leading shoots, at maturity smooth above, more or less pubescent beneath, especially along the midrib, either pointed or rounded at the apex, the borders glandular, denticulate above the middle; petioles 7 mm.-2 cm. long, margined, glandular, pubescent or glabrate : corymbs MALACEAE. 43 simple, 2-4-flo\vere(l, or flowers solitary: pedicels and hypanthiuni tomentose: sepals 3-4 mm. long, glandular-serrate: corolla 15 mm. wide: stamens 15-20, the anthers nearly white: fruit pyriform, 9-12 mm. thick, at maturity yellow or orange-yellow, rarely cheeked with russet-red, the flesh soft: nutlets 3-5, about 6 mm. long, the hypostyle 4-5 mm. long. In sandy soil, near Cltra. (Endemic.) 43. C. audens Beadle. A large shrub, or a small tree, with dark gray or brownish rough or scaly bark. Leaf-blades obovate or obovate-euneiform, 1.5- 3.5 cm. long, 1-3.5 em. wide, at maturity glabrate and shining on the upper surface, pubescent beneath especially along the midrib and i^rincipal veins, abruptly pointed, rounded or lobed at the apex, contracted or narrowed at the base, the margins dentate and shallowly lobed ; petioles 5-15 mm. long, margined, glandular, pubescent: corymbs simple, 2-5-flowered, or flowers occa- sionally solitary: pedicels and hypanthiuni pubescent: sepals 4-5 mm. long, glandular-serrate: corolla 15-16 mm. wide: stamens 20, the anthers almost white: fruit pyriform, 9-12 mm. thick, at maturity orange-yellow, flushed or ckeeked with red, the flesh soft: nutlets mostly 3, 7-8 mm. long, the hypostyle 4-5 mm. long. On dry hills, near Chattahoochee. (Endemic.) 44. C. lepida Beadle. A small very spiny shrub, seldom more than 1-1.5 m. tall, with drooping branches. Leaf-blades obovate, round-ovate, suborbicular or spatu- late, 5 mni.-2 cm. long, 4 mm.-2 cm. wide, at maturity glabrous and lustrous above, more or less pubescent beneath, especially along the principal veins and in their axils, rounded, truncate or short-pointed at the apex, abruptly contracted at the base, or sometimes cuneate, the margins denticulate or erenate-dentate, glandular; petioles 2 mm.-l cm. long, margined, glandular: corymbs 2-3- flowered, or flowers solitary: pedicels and hypanthiuni tomentose: sepals 2-3 mm. long, glandular-serrate: stamens 20; fruit subglobose, 7-11 mm. in diameter, at maturity orange or orange-red: nutlets 3-5, 6-7 mm. long, 3-4 mm. deep, the hypostyle 4-5 mm. long. In sandy soil and open woods, eastern Florida. AJso occurs in adjacent Georgia. '„ 45. C. lacrimata Small. A small tree, sometimes 4-5 m. tall, or more fre- quently a large shrub with several stems clothed with ashy gray often scaly bark, the branches drooping. Leaf-blades cuneate-spatulate, 1-2.5 cm. long, 7—15 mm. wide, or broader on vigorous leading shoots, glabrous in age, rounded, truncate or pointed at the apex, wedge-shaped at the base, the borders dentate above the middle, glandular: petioles 5-15 mm. long, pubescent, glandular: corymbs simple, 2-4-flowered, or flowers solitary: pedicels and hypanthium glabrous: sepals 2.5-3 mm. long, entire or nearly so, glabrous: stamens 20, the anthers light yellow: fruit globose, or subglobose, at maturity yellow or orange, mostly with ruddy cheeks, the flesh soft: nutlets 3-5, 5-6 mm. long, the hypostyle occupying about two-thirds of the ventral angle. In sandy woods and on borders of streams, western Florida. (Endemic.) 46. 0. condigna Beadle. A large shrub, with one or more stems, or sometimes a small tree 5 m. tall, with ashy gray or brownish scaly bark. Leaf-blades cuneate, obovate-cuneate or on vigorous shoots broadly obovate. 1-3 cm. long, 7 mm.-2.5 cm. broad, glabrate in age, rounded or abruptly pointed at the apex, wedge-shaped or more abruptly narrowed at the base, the borders creuate or erenate-dentate; petioles 3 mm.-l cm. long: corymbs simple, mostly 2-3- flowered, or flowers solitary: pedicels and hypanthium tomentose: sepals 3.5-5 mm. long, serrate, glandular: corolla about 16 mm. wide: stamens 20, the anthers almost white: fruit pyriform or nearly so, 7-0 mm. wide, 8-11 mm. long, at maturity yellow-green or orange, flushed with red: nutlets 3-5, 5-6 mm. long, about 4 mm. deep, the hypostyle about 4 mm. long. In sandy soil, middle Florida. Also occurs in adjacent Georgia. 44 AMYGDALACEAE. 47. C. Earlei Ashe. A shrub 1-3 m. tall. Leaf-blades cuneate or obovate, or oblong-euneiform, 1-2.3 cm. long, 5-15 mm. wide, or broader on leading shoots, pubescent on the loAver surface at maturity, especially along the midrib and veins, either rounded or pointed at the apex, wedge-shaped at the base, the borders serrate, at least above the middle; petioles 1-10 mm. long, pubes- cent: corymbs 2-3-flowered, or flowers solitary: pedicels and hypanthium tomentose: sepals narrow, 5-7 mm. long, serrate or entire: corolla about 15 mm. wide: stamens 20, the anthers nearly white: fruit pyriform, 7-9 mm. wide, 8-11 mm. long: nutlets 3-5, 5-7 mm. long, the hypostyle occupying about three-fourths of the ventral angle. On dry hills and in sandy soil, northern Florida. Also occurs in adjacent Alabama. 48. C. pyracanthoides Beadle. A shrub, or a small tree 2-5 m. tall, with ashy gray or brownish smooth or scaly bark. Leaf-blades obovate, oblanceolate or elliptic, 1.5-5 cm. long, 7 mm.-3 cm. wide, glabrous, acute or rounded at the apex, cuneate at the base, the margins serrate above the middle; petioles 2-10 mm. long, margined: corymbs compound, glabrous, many-flowered: pedicels and hypanthium glabrous: sepals 2.5-4 cm. long, entire or remotely serrate: stamens 7-12, the anthers purplish: fruit globose or nearly so, 5-8 mm. in diameter, bright red at maturity : nutlets mostly 2, 5-6 mm. long, the hypostyle about half the length of the nutlet. On banks of the Chipola river. {Endemic.) Family 5. AMYGDALACEAE. Plum Family. Shrubs or trees, commonly with prussie acid in the tissues. Loaves alternate, with free, often early deciduous stipules: blades simple, mostly toothed. Flowers perfect, in corymbs, cymes, racemes, or panicles, some- times clustered. Calyx of 5 sepals, borne on the edge of the hypanthium, deciduous. Corolla of 5 petals. Androecium of many stamens. Gynoe- cium of a single carpel, or rarely of 2 or 3 carpels. Ovary 1-celled : style entire. Fruit a drupe. Style basal : ovules erect. ' 1. riiEYSOBALANUS. Stjie terminal : ovules pendulous. Drupe with a pulpy exocarp : leaves deciduous : flowers in clusters or terminal racemes. Calyx sessile or nearly so : stone coarsely wrinkled and pitted. 2. Amygdalus. Calyx manifestly pedicelled : stone neither wrinkled nor grooved. Flowers in corymbs from scaly buds of the branches of the preceding year, before the leaves. 3. TEUNrs. Flowers in racemes terminating branches of the year, after the leaves. 4. Padus. Drupe with a dry exocarp : leaves persistent : flowers in axillary racemes. 5-. Laurocerasus. 1. CHRYSOBALANUS^L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf -blades of an orbicu- lar or obovate type. Cymes axillary. Petals clawed. Filaments distinct or nearly so. Stone of the fruit pointed at the base, ridged. — All year. Drupe globular or spheroidal : petals cuneate. 1. C. Icaco. Drupe obovoid or oblong-obovoid : petals spatulate. 2. C. peUocarpus. 1. C. Icaco L. Tree sometimes 10 ni. tall or shrub, and when growing on the beach, with radially creeping branches: leaf-blades broadly obovate to orbicu- lar-obovate, mostly 4-8.5 cm. long, typically retuse: sepals about 2.5 mm. long: drupes globose or spheroidal, 3-4 cm. long, yellow, red, or purple: stone broadly obovoid, blunt-ridged. The CocoA-PLUM grows on sandy shores and sand-dunes and in coastal ham- mocks in the southern half of peninsular Florida and the Keys. The brown or red- tinged heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, hard, and strong. (TT. 7.) AMYGDALACEAE. 45 2. C. pellocarpus Mey. Small tree or shrub: leaf -blades oval, obovate, or orbicular, mostly 2-6 cm. long, typically rounded or abruptly pointed: sepals about 2 mm. long: drupes obovoid or oblong-obovoid, 1.5-2 cm. long, purple: stone oblong or oblong-obovid, sharj^-ridged. The Small-fruited cocoa-plum grows in hammocks on the Everglade Keys and on hammock islands in the Everglades. The wood is nearly or quite similar to that of the preceding species. (W. I.) 2. AMYGDALUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves very strongly impregnated viith prussic acid. Flowers short-pedicelled or sessile. Corolla mostly pink. Drujje velvety-j)ubescent, the stone wrinkled and pitted. 1. A. Persica L. Tree: leaf -blades narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, or rarely oblong-obovate, shining, sharply serrate: petals pink, 8-20 mm. long: drupes subglobose or oblong, 4-10 cm. long, grooved on one side, velvety. — Spr. The rEACii, a native of western Asia, grows in old fields, thickets and woods in northern Florida. The light-brown heart-wood is coarse-grained, rather light, and soft. (Cont., W. I.) 3. PBUNUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves sometimes slightly impregnated with prussic acid. Flowers in corymbose or umbel-like clusters, relatively long-pedicelled. Corolla mostly white. Drupes usually glabrous and glaucous, the stone smooth or nearly so. — Spr. — Plum. Drupe purple or nearly black beneath the bloom. 15 mm. in diameter, or less. 1. P. umbellata. Drupe red or orange, without a bloom or nearly so, over 15 mm. in diameter. Petals about 0.5 cm. long : sepals glandular-ciliate. 2. P. angustifoJia. Petals about 1 cm. long: sepals not glandular-ciliate. 3. P. ainericana. 1. P. umbellata Ell. Small tree or shrub: leaf -blades thinnish, oblong, ellip- tic, or nearly oval, sometimes broadest above or below the middle, short- acuminate, or merely acute, serrate, rounded or acute at the base, glabrous: flowers mostly exj^anding before the leaves, in lateral clusters: sepals pubes- cent within: petals 4-7 mm. long: drupes globose or nearly so, 12-15 mm. in diameter, nearly black beneath the bloom, with an acid flesh; stone plump, acute at both ends. The Black-sloe grows in dry woods and hammocks in northern Florida and in the peninsula as far south as the Everglade region. The reddish-brown heart- wood is close-grained, heavy, and hard. (Cont.) 2. P. angustifolia Marsh. Sparingly spiny small tree or shrub, often forming thickets: leaf-blades rather thin, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 3-10 cm. long, acute or slightly acuminate at the apex, serrulate, acute or rounded at the base, short-petioled: flowers in lateral clusters, appearing before the leaves: sepals ovate: petals with mainly orbicular or reniform blades: drupes oval- globose, 22-26 mm. long, red or yellowish, with a slight bloom; stone ovoid, hardly flattened, acute, one of the rounded edges slightly grooved. The Ciiickasaw-plum grows in old fields and thickets in northern Florida, and the northern part of the peninsula. The brown heart-wood is close-grained and heavy, but soft and weak. (Cont.) 3. P. americana Marsh. Small somewhat spiny tree: leaf-blades elliptic to oval or oval-obovate, 4-10 cm. long, acuminate, sharply singly or doubly ser- rate, pubescent beneath, especially near the veins, acute or rounded at the slightly inequilateral base; petioles usually glandless: flowers 2-5 in lateral clusters appearing before the leaves: sepals entire: petals 7-10 mm. long: drupes subglobose or barely elongate, 18-25 mm. long, sometimes with a slight bloom; stone ovoid or oval, flattened, not crested along the ventral suture. The Wild-plum grows in open woods and thickets in middle and western Florida. The deep-brown or red-tinged heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, hard, and strong. (Cont.) 46 MIMOSACEAE. 4. PADUS Borckl. Shrubs or trees. Leaves deciduous, manifestly im- pregnated with prussic acid. Flower in terminal racemes. Hypanthium green. Sepals relatively large. Petals not angulate. Drupe with a juicy exocarp. — Wild-cherry. 1. P. virginiana (L.) Mill. Tree with spreading branches, becoming 35 m. tall, the bark aromatic and bitter: leaf -blades firm, oblong or elliptic, vary- ing to obovate or lanceolate, 5-15 cm. long, acimiinate or acute at both ends, or rounded at the base, finely serrate with callous teeth, glabrous or nearly so: sepals ovate, longer than broad: corolla 8-10 mm. broad: drupes globose, 8-10 mm. in diameter, dark purple or nearly black, sweet but slightly astringent. [P. serotina (Ehrh.) Agardh.] — Spr. The Wild black-chehey grows In woods and river swamps in nortliern Florida and the peninsula to near the Everglade region. The light-brown or red heart- wood is close-grained, light, rather hard, and strong. Also known as Rum-cherry. {Co lit.) 5. LAUROCEEASUS Eeichenb. Shrubs or trees. Leaves persistent, copiously impregnated with prussie acid. Flowers in axillary racemes. Hypan- thium white. Sepals minute. Petals more or less angulate. Drupe with a dry exocarp. Petals larger than the sepals : drupe subglobose. 1. L. myrtifolia. Petals smaller than the sepals : drupe oblong or oval. 2. L. caroUniana. 1. L. myrtifolia (L.) Britton. Tree becoming 16 m. tall: leaf -blades elliptic: racemes loosely flowered, the pedicels slender: petals slightly angled: drupes S-12 mm. in diameter: stone sphaeroidal. [L. sphaerocarpa (Sw.) Eoem.] — Fall. The West-ixdiax cheeky grows in hammocks on the Everg4ade Keys and the Florida Keys. The usually red heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, and hard. (W.I.) 2. L. caroliniana (Mill.) Roem. Tree becoming 12 m. tall: leaf -blades nar- rowly elliptic to oblong-oblanceolate : racemes densely flowered, the pedicels stout : petals salieutly angled : drupes 10-13 mm. long : stone ovoid. — Winter & spr. The MocK-OEAXGE grows in woods, usually on river banks nearly throughout Florida. The red-brown or dark-brown heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, hard, and strong. {Cont., Bcr.) Family 6. MIMOSACEAE. Mimosa Family. Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves alternate: blades compound, usually 2-3-pinnate : stipules sometimes spine-like. Flowers mostly perfect, borne in capitate or elongate usually dense spikes or racemes. Calyx of 3-6 partially united sepals. Corolla of 3-6 equal, distinct or partially united, petals. Androeeium of 3-6 or many stamens which are usually conspicu- ously exserted. Gynoecium 1-carpellary. Fruit a legume. Stamens numerous, more than 10 : petals united. Filaments partially united into a tube : corolla and calyx, unlike. Pod valves not separating from the margin. Pods contorted and spiral : seeds arillate : leaves few- foliolate. 1. Pithecolobium. Pods straight : seeds not arillate : leaves many- foliolate. 2. Albizzia. Pod-valves separating from the continuous margins. 3. Lysiloma. Filaments distinct : corolla like the calyx, but longer. 4. Vachellia. Stamens as many as the petals : petals distinct. 5. Leucaena. 1. PITHECOLOBRIUM Mart. Shrubs or trees. Leaves 2-pinnate: leaf- lets few, often 4. Spikes capitate. Calyx-lobes minute. Corolla prominently lobed. Pods narrow, often pulpy within. Seeds with colored arils. — All vear. MIMOSACEAE. 47 Ovary glabrous, shorter than the stipe : petioles longer than the petiolules. 1. 1'. L'nguiH-cail. Ovary pubescent, longer than the stipe : petioles shorter than the petiolules. 2. P. (juadclupcnse. 1. P. Unguis-Cati (L.) Benth. Small tree or unarmed shrub: blades of the leaflets thinnish, broadly obovate, oval, or suborbicular, 1-4.5 cm. long: calyx 1.5-2 mm. long; lobes wider than long, blunt: corolla 3.5-4.5 mm. long: pods long-stipitate. The Cat's-claw grows in hammocks on the Everglade Keys, the lower portion of the western coast of the peninsula and on the Florida Keys. The red or purplish heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, and very hard. (W. I.) 2. P. guadelupense Chapm. Armed small tree or low shrub: blades of the leaflets leathery, oblong to cuneate, oval, or suborbicular, 3-7 cm. long: calyx 2.5-3 mm. long; lobes longer than wide, acute: corolla 5-6 mm. long: pods short-stipitate. The Black-bead grows in pinelands and hammocks on the Everglade Keys and the Florida Keys. The dark-brown or purple heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, and bard. {W. I.) 2. ALBIZZIA Durazz. Shrubs or trees. Leaves 2-pinnate: leaflets numerous. Spikes capitate. Calyx-lobes relatively short and small. Corolla about twice as long as the calyx. Pod linear, flat. — Spr. Blades of the leaflets acute, the midrib nearly marginal : pod-valves veiny all over. 1. A. Julibrissin. Blades of the leaflets rounded at the apex, the midrib not lateral : pod-valves veiny only over the seeds. 2. A. Lebbek. 1. A. Julibrissin (Willd.) Durazz. Tree becoming 10 m. tall or shrub: leaves with 16-24 pinnae; leaflets 50-70, the blades falcate-lanceolate, 7-16 mm. long, obliquely acute: calyx about 2 mm. long: corolla 6-8 mm. long; larger lobes ovate: pods broadly linear, 10-15 cm. long: seeds oblong, 3.5-4.5 mm. wide. The .Tl'librissin, a native of Asia, grows in woods and fields nearly through- out Florida. The brown heart-wood is close-grained, rather heavy, and hard. (Cont., ^y. I.) 2. A. Lebbek (Willd.) Benth. Tall tree: leaves with 4-8 pinnae; leaflets 10-22, the blades oblong to oblong-obovate, 2-5.5 cm. long, acute: calyx about 4 mm. long: corolla 9-11 mm. long; larger lobes lanceolate: pods linear, 15-40 cm. long: seeds oval, 6-7 mm. wide. The Woman's-tongde tree, a native of Africa, grows in hammocks and about gardens on the lower Florida Keys. The brown heart-wood is close-grained and rather heavy. (IV. 7.) 3. LYSILOMA Benth. Shrubs or trees. Leaves 2-pinnate: leaflets numerous (or few). Spikes capitate (or cylindric). Calyx-lobes relatively long. Corolla slightly longer than the calyx. Pod oblong to linear. 1. L. bahamensis Benth. Tree becoming 20 m. tall, with spreading branches: leaves with 4-8 pinnae; leaflets 20-40, the blades oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 8-11 mm. long: calyx about 2 mm. long: corolla 2.5-3 mm. long; lobes ovate: pods oblong, 8-15 cm. long, long-stipitate. — Spr. The Wild-tamarind grows in hammocks on the Everglade Keys and the Florida Keys. The dark-brown and often red-tinged heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, hard, and tough. {Bah., Cuba.) 4. VACHELLIA Wight & Am. Shrubs or small trees. Leaves 2-pin- nate: leaflets numerous, small. Spikes globose. Calyx-lobes minute and relatively short. Corolla about twice as long as the calyx, the lobes short. Filaments distinct. Pod very turgid. 48 CASSIACEAE. 1. V. Farnesiana (L.) Wight & Am. Small tree or shrub: leaf -pinnae 8-16; leaflets 20-25, the blades linear-obloug, 2-4 mm. long: calyx about 1.5 mm. long: corolla 2-2.5 mm. long: pods 3-7.5 em. long. — All j^ear. The Yellow-opopanax grows in woods and thickets in upper peninsular Florida, where it is apparently naturalized and in hammocks and pinelands on the Ever- glade Keys where it is mostly native, and on the Florida Keys. The reddish-brown heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, and hard. (IT. I.) 5. LEUCAENA Benth. Shrubs or trees. Leaves mostly 2-piunate: leaflets often small and numerous. Spikes capitate. Calyx-lobes minute. Petals distinct or rarely slightly coherent. Filaments distinct or nearly so. Pod linear, flat. 1. L. glauca (L.) Benth. Tree becoming 10 m. tall: leaflets 6-12 mm. long; blades narrowly oblong to lanceolate, over 1.5 mm. broad: calyx 2-2.5 mm. long or rarely shorter : petals 4-4.5 mm. long : pods 15-25 cm. long. — Spr. The Lead-tree grows in hammocks on the Everglade Keys and on the Florida Keys. The brown and red-streaked heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, and hard. (W. I.) Family 7. CASSIACEAE. Senna Family. Trees, shrubs, or herbs. Leaves alternate: blades compound, 1-2- pinnate, rarely 1-foliolate. Flowers perfect, polygamous, monoecious, or dioecious, more or less irreg-ular. Calyx of 3-5, usually slightly united, sepals, sometimes borne on the edge of a well developed hypanthium. Corolla of 3-5 unequal distinct petals. Androecium of 6-10 distinct or nearly distinct stamens. Gynoecium 1-carpellary. Fruit a legume. Corolla apparently papilionaceous : leaves with 1-foliolate blades 1. Cercis. Corolla Irregular, but not papilionaceous. Leaves with 2-pinnate blades : stamens 6-10. Flowers dioecious or polygamous : petals nearly equal. 2. Gleditsia. Flowers perfect : petals very unequal. Leaf with a very short petiole which ends in a spine, each division with a long, flat phyllode-like rachis. 3. Paekinsoxia. Leaf with a relatively long petiole, the rachises of the divisions not phyllode-like. Calyx-lobes valvate. 4. Delonix. Calyx-lobes imbricate. . 5. Poinciaxa. Leaves with 1-pinnate blades : stamens 3. 6. Tamaeixdus. 1. CERCIS L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves 1-foliolate: leaflet broad. Calyx shallowly lobed: tube gibbous. Corolla pink-purple: keel-petals of the ap- parently papilionaceous corolla longer than the others. Anthers short, opening lengthwise. Pod very flat. 1. C. canadensis L. Tree or shrub: leaf -blades broadly ovate to reniform: pedicels mostly less than 1.5 cm. long: sinuses of the calyx nearly as broad aa the lobes: larger petals 12-13 mm. long; blades ovate: pods linear-oblong, 6-9 cm. long. — Spr. The Redbud grows in rich woods in northern Florida and the upper half of the peninsula. The reddish-brown heart-wood is rather coarse-grained and heavy, but hard and weak. Also known as Judas-tree. (Cont.) 2. GLEDITSIA L. Trees with simple or branched thorns. Leaves rela- tively small, 2-pinnate: stipules present. Calyx-lobes obtuse, about as long as the petals. Pod flat. Spr. Ovary glabrous : style manifest : pods oval or elliptic, 1-seeded or rarely 2-seeded. 1. G. aquatica. Ovary pubescent : style obscure : pods linear, many-seeded. 2. O. triacanthos. CASSIACEAE. 49 1. Gr. aquatica Marsh. Tree becoming 20 m. tall: leaflets 2-4.5 cm. long: blades oblong to ovate or oblong-lanceolate: sepals lanceolate to oblong- lanceolate: pods oblique, 3-5 cm. long, not pulpy within. The Water-locust grows in river swamps in northern Florida and in the northern part of the peninsula. The reddish-brown heart-wood is rather coarse- grained, heavy, hard, and strong. (Cont.) 2. G. triacanthos L. Tree becoming 40 m. tall: leaflets 1-2.5 cm. long; blades ovate-lanceolate varying to elliptic: sepals narrowly oblong to lanceolate: pods black and lustrous, pulpy within. The HoNET-LocusT grows in rich woods in northern Florida. The light reddish- brown heart-wood is coarse-grained, heavy, hard, and durable. Probably intro- duced. (Cont.) 3. PARKINSONIA [Plum.] L. Shrubs or trees, with simple or branch- ing thorns. Leaflets numerous, borne on the phyllode-like rachises. Blades of the short-clawed petals mainly of an ovate type. Pod markedly tortulose, the swollen portions nearly terete. 1. P. aculeata L. Small tree or shrub : leaves 2-4 dm. long, the rachis winged ; leaflets numerous, distant, the blades linear to linear-oblanceolate, 1-10 mm. long: sepals oblong, 8-10 mm. long: petals 10-17 mm. long; blades except that of the standard, oval or ovate: pods 5-10 cm. long, acuminate. — All year. The HORSEBEAN, a native of tropical America, is naturalized in peninsular Florida and the Keys. The light brown heart-wood is close-grained, rather light, but hard. (Cont., M'. I.) 4. DELONIX Eaf. Unarmed trees with smooth bark. Leaflets relatively small and numerous: blades narrow. Sepals much shorter than the petals. Blades of the petals mainly flabellate, all long-clawed. Pod elongate-linear, flat, the valves woody. 1. D. regia (Boj.) Eaf. Tree or shrub with a wide top: larger leaves with 20-50 pinnae; leaflets numerous, the blades linear-oblong, 4-10 mm. long: sepals 22-26 mm. long: petals 5-7 cm. long, red or orange; blades broader than long, crisped : pods linear, commonly 3-5 dm. long. — Spr. The ROYAL-poiNCiANA grows in hammocks and pinelands in southern peninsular Florida and the Keys. It is native of Madagascar. The whitish or yellowish wood is close-grained and heavy, but soft and weak. Also known as Flame-tree. (^V.I.) 5. POINCIANA [Tourn.] L. Erect mostly unarmed shrubs or trees. Leaflets usually few and relatively large: blades rather broad. Sepals much shorter than the petals. Blades of the short-clawed petals not flabellate. Pod flat, narrow, the valves leathery. Seeds flattened. 1. P. pulcherrima L. Small tree or shrub: leaflets numerous; blades oblong to cuneate, 15-25 mm. long: sepals 1.5-16 mm. long: corolla mainly red; standard 25-27 mm. long: filaments 40-45 mm. long: pods 9-13 cm. long. — All year. The Barbados-flower, a native of the West Indies, grows in hammocks and pinelands in southern peninsular Florida and the Keys. The wood has not yet been studied. (W. I.) 6. TAMAEINDUS [Tourn.] L. Unarmed trees. Leaves relatively small: leaflets numerous: blades rather narrow. Sepals 4. Petals 5, but 2 of them rudimentary. Stamens 3, the filaments united to about the middle, alternating with 3 minute staminodia. Ovary elongate. Pod indehiscent, succulent within. 1. T. indica L. Tree with spreading branches: leaflets 18-36, 1-2 cm. long, the blades oblong to linear-oblong, reticulate: sepals 10-12 mm. long: petals Trees of Florida 4. 50 FABACEAE. yellowisli or reddish, 13-16 mm. long, crisped: pod thick, 6-13 cm. long, curved, the edges rounded. — Spr. The Tamarind, a native of the East Indies, grows in hammocks on the Ever- glade Keys and on the Florida Kej-s. The yellow or brown heart-wood is close- grained, heavy, and hard. (W. I.) Family 8. FABACEAE. Pea Family. Herbs, shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves alternate: blades 1-compound, sometimes 1-foliolate, or rarely simple. Flowers mostly perfect, irregular. Calyx of 5 more or less unequal partially united sepals. Corolla of 5 (or of 1 petal in Amorpha) unequal distinct or nearly distinct petals which are, 2 keel-petals, 2 wings and 1 standard which surrounds the others. Androecium of 10 monadelphous, diadelphous, or rarely distinct stamens, or rarely 9 or 5. Gynoecium 1-earpellary. Ovary superior. Fruit a dehiscent or indehiscent legume or a loment. Corolla with wings and keel-petals nearly or quite as long as the standard : standard clawed, the blade very broad. Calyx obscurely lobed : pods not winged, dehiscent. 1. Agati. Calyx prominently lobed : pods broadly winged, indehiscent. 2. Ichthyojiethia. Corolla with very small wings and keel-petals : standard sessile, the blade narrow. 3. Erythrixa. 1. AGATI Adans. Trees or shrubs, but short-lived. Leaflets numerous. Eacemes 2-4-tlowered. Calyx slightly 2-lipped, but usually with obscure, very broad lobes. Corolla large, pinkish or red: standard with an oblong or ovate blade : wings not auricled : keel-petals merely angular at the base of the blade. Pods greatly elongate, straight or nearly so. 1. A. grandiflora (L.) Desv. Small tree or shrub: leaves 1-3 dm. long; leaflets numerous, the blades oblong to linear-oblong, 2-4 cm. long: calyx 2-2.5 cm. long: standard 6-10 cm. long, the blade ovate: pods elongate-linear, 2-4 dm. long. — Spr. & sum. The Australian corkwood-tree, a native of the East Indies, grows in southern peninsular Florida and on Key West. The white or nearly white wood is coarse-grained, light, and soft. (TV. /.) 2. ICHTHYOMETHIA P. Br. Trees. Leaflets several, pinnate. Pan- icles thyrsoid. Calyx slightly 2-lii3ped: the upper lij) notched: lower lip of 3 broad lobes about equal in length. Corolla white or partially colored : standard with a broad blade cordate at the base and a short claw. Pod narrow, 4- winged. 1. I. piscipula (L.) A. Hitchc. Tree: leaflets 7-9; blades thickish, oval or obovate, or rarely ovate, 2-10 cm. long, undulate or shallowly toothed: calyx camiaanulate, 6-7 mm. long: petals white and partially striped with red: standard 14-16 mm. long, the blade suborbicular : pods 5-10 cm. long, the twigs undulate or incised. - — Spr. The Jamaica-dogwood grows in the coastal hammocks of southern peninsular Florida, particularly on the Everglade Keys and in the hammocks of the Florida Keys. The yellow-brown heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, hard, and durable. (W. I.) 3. ERYTHEINA L. Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaflets 3. Eacemes several-many-flowered. Calyx obliquely truncate. Corolla red, scarlet or crimson: standard conspicuous, erect, narrowed upward: wings and the keel- petals very small, nearly equal in size, the blades short-clawed. Androecium exserted: filaments united to about the middle and slightly above it. Ovary long-stipitate. Pod tortulose. MALPIGHIACEAE. 51 1. E. arborea (Chapm.) Small. Tree 3-8 m. tall or shrub: leaflets 3.5-10 cm. long; blades deltoid to hastately 3-lobed: racemes few-flowered: calyx cylin- dric: standard 35-40 mm. long; blade about 1 cm. wide: wing-petals 11-12 mm. long: pods drooping, 8-15 cm. long. — All year. The Coral-bean tree grows in hammocks on the Everglade Keys and the Florida Keys. The yellowish heart-wood is close-grained, but neither very heavy nor hard. (Endemic.) Order GERANIALES. Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves alternate or opi^osite : blades simple or comiDouncI. Flowers perfect, monoecious, or dioecious, mostly regular. Calyx of distinct sepals. Corolla of distinct, or nearly distinct petals, or rarely wanting. Androecium of as many stamens as there are sepals or twice as many, or rarely more. Gynoecium of 2 or several united carpels. Ovai-y superior. Fruit various. Plants destitute of secreting glands or cells in the tissues. Flowers regular : sepals without dorsal glands. Fam. 1. Zygophyllaceae. Flowers irregular : sepals with dorsal glands. Fam. 2. Malpighiaceae. Plants with secreting glands, these often in the leaves, or only in the bark. Filaments distinct, nearly or quite to the base. Leaf-blades punctate by oil-glands. Fam. 3. Rltaceae. Leaf-blades not punctate. Gynoecium of distinct carpels. Fam. 4. Subianaceae. Gynoecium of more or less united carpels. Bitter-barked shrubs or trees with oil-sacs in the bark. Fam. 5. Simaeoubaceae. Resiniferous shrubs or trees. Fam. 6. Bdrseeaceae. Filaments united into a cup or tube, wholly or in part. Fam. 7. Meliaceae. Family 1. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. Caltrop Family. Shrubs, trees, or perennial herbs. Leaves o^Dposite or alternate by the suppression of one of each pair: blades compound. Flowers pei'feet. Calyx of 4—6, mostly 5, sepals. Corolla of 4—6, mostly 5, petals or rarely wanting. Androecium of twice as many stamens as there are sepals. Gynoecium of 2-4-united carpels. Fruit capsular, sometimes baccate at maturity, sometimes separating into nut-like carpels. 1. GUAIACUM [Plum.] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves relatively large, persistent, the leaflets but little longer than wide. Sepals 5 or rarely 4, unequal. Petals blue or purple. Filaments unappendaged. Fruit angled or winged. 1. G. sanctum L. Tree sometimes 10 m. tall or shrub, the bark pale: leaves 5-10 cm. long; leaflets 6-8, the blades broadly oblong to obovate, 2-3 cm. long: sepals obovate to oblong-obovate, 6-7 mm. long: corolla about 2.5 cm. wide; petals broadly obovate: fruit obovoid, 15-17 mm. long, orange. — Spr. The Lignum-vitae grows in hammocks on the Florida Keys. Tlie dark-green or yellowish-brown heart-wood is close-grained, very heavy, hard, and durable. (IT. /.) Family 2. MALPIGHIACEAE. Malpighia Fa^iily. Shrubs or trees, or partially woody herbs or vines. Leaves opposite: blades simi)le. Flowers usually perfect, sometimes cleistogamous. Calyx of 5 often gland-bearing sepals. Corolla of 5 usually clawed petals, or wanting. Androecium of 5-10 perfect or partly sterile stamens. Gynoe- cium of 2—1, usually 3, distinct or united carpels. Fruit drupaceous, capsular, or nut-like. 52 KUTACEAE. 1. BYESONIMA L. C. Eich. Shrubs or trees. Flowers iu terminal racemes or panicles. Petals white, reddish, or purplish, reflexed. Stigmas acute. Carpels permanently united. Cotyledons circinate-coiled. 1. B. lucida (Sw.) DC. Evergreen small tree, or shrub, mostly 3-18 dm. tall: leaf -blades spatulate to obovate-spatulate, 2-4 cm. long, lustrous above: racemes 2-4 cm. long: petals white, turning yellow or rose, 7 mm. long, the blades renif orm : drupes 4-6 mm. in diameter. — All year. The Locust-berry grows In hammocks on the Everglade Keys and on the Florida Keys. The wood is close-grained, heavy, and hard. (W. I.) Family 3. RUTACEAE. Rub Family. Shrubs or trees or rarely herbs, often prickle amied, with glandular- punctate tissues. Leaves alternate or opposite: blades simple or pin- nately compound, sometimes 1-foliolate. Flowers perfect or polygamous, mostly regular. Calyx of 3-5, or rarely more, sepals, or wanting. Corolla of 3-5, or rarely more, petals. Androecium of as many stamens as there are sepals or petals or rarely thrice as many. Gynoecium of 2-5 distinct or united carpels. Fruit capsular, samaroid, drupaceous or baccate. Fruit dry. follicular or samaroid. Fruit dehiscent, a follicle. 1. Zanthoxylum. Fruit indehiscent, a samara. 2. Ptelea. Fruit fleshy, drupaceous or baccate. Fruit a drupe : ovary 1-celled. 3. Amyeis. Fruit a berry : ovary 2- or 9-celled. Stamens 8 or 10 : carpels 1-ovuled. 4. Glycosmis. Stamens 20 or more : carpels several-ovuled. 5. Citrus. 1. ZANTHOXYLUM [Catesby] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf -blades pinnate, sometimes 1-foliolate. Flowers polygamous, iu axillary spikes or term.inal corymb-like or cyme-like panicles. Sepals present or wanting. Petals 4 or 5, mostly erect. Mature carpels solitary, or 2-5 together. — Spr. & sum., or all year. Flowers in small axillary spikes : sepals, petals and stamens 4. 1. Z. Fariara. Flowers in large terminal cyme-like or corymb-like panicles : sepals, petals and stamens 3 or 5. Sepals, and petals, 5 : leaflets herbaceous. Sepals triangular or deltoid, partially united, persistent. 2. Z. flarum. Sepals ovate or ovate-lanceolate, distinct, deciduous. 3. Z. Clava-Hcrculis. Sepals, and petals, 3 : leaflets leathery. 4. Z. coriaceutn. 1. Z. Fagara (L.) Sarg. Tree sometimes 10 m. tall, the trunk slender, often inclining, or shrub: leaves 2. .5-11 cm. long, the rachis ringed : blades of the lateral leaflets mostly obovate to oval, 1-2.5 cm. long, shallowly crenate: mature carpels subglobose, 3.5-4 mm. long. The Wild-lime grows in hammocks, on the southern two-thirds of the eastern coast of peninsular Florida and on the lower half of the western coast. Also in the hammocks of the Everglade Keys and the Florida Keys. The brown and red-tinged heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, and hard. (TF. J.) 2. Z. flavum Vahl. Tree sometimes 12 m. tall or shrub, unarmed, the twigs stellate-canescent: leaves 9-25 cm. long, the rachis terete: blades of the lateral leaflets mostly oblong or ovate, 3.5-10 cm. long: mature carpels obovoid, 5-9 mm. long. The Y'ELLOw-wooD grows in hammocks on the lower Florida Keys. The yellow- er light-orange heart-wood is close-grained, very heavy, and hard but brittle. Also known as Satinwood. (W. I.) 3. Z. Clava-Herculis L. Tree sometimes 17 m. tall or shrub, the prickles raised on corky bases: leaves 1-3 dm. long; blades of the lateral leaflets ovate, EUTACEAE. 53 4-5 cm. long, appressed-serrate : mature carpels mostly 2-5 together, about 4-6 mm. long. The TooTHACHE-TEEE grows in woods and hammocks nearly throughout Florida. The light-brown heart-wood is close-grained but light and soft. Also known as Prickly-ash. (Cont.) 4. Z. coriaceum Eich. Tree becoming 7 m. tall or shrub: leaves G-15 cm. long; blades of the leaflets leathery, rigid, obovate to cuneate or oblong with acuminate base, 2-6 cm. long: mature carpels 5-6 mm. long. The IlERCDLES'-CLUB grows in the coastal hammocks of the lower portion of the east coast and on the Florida Keys. The light-brown heart-wood is close-grained, rather heavy, and hard. {W. I.) 2. PTELEA L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades 3-foliolate or rarely 5- foliolate. FloAvers polygamous, in corymbose or panicled cymes. Sepals 4 or 5. Petals 4 or 5, narrow. Ovary 2-3-celled. Ovules 2 in each cavity, superposed. Samara winged all around. Shrubby Trefoil. 1, P. trifoliata L. Tree sometimes 8 m. tall or shrub: blades of the leaflets broad or narrow, glabrous: samaras suborbicular or oval-orbicular, 2-2.5 cm. long. — Spr. The Hop-tree grows in rich woods or on rocky river banks in northern Florida. The yellowish-brown heart-wood is close-grained, heavy and hard. Also known as Wafer-ash. {Cont.) 3. AMYEIS [P. Br.] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades pinnate, or 1- foliolate, the petiole wingless. Flowers perfect or polygamous, paniculate. Sepals 4 or 5. Petals 4 or 5, broad. Ovary 1-celled: style short or wanting. Ovules 2. Drupe with a single seed. — All year. The following species have yellow or deep-yellow, very resinous, close-grained, heavy, hard, and strong heart-wood. Fruits globose : ovary glabrous : leaflets shining beneath. 1. A. clemifera. Fruits obovoid to oblong-obovoid : ovary pubescent : leaflets dull beneath. 2. A. talsamifcra. 1. A. elemifera L. Tree becoming 17 m. tall or shrub: leaflets 3 or 5; blades ovate to rhombic-ovate, 2-8 cm. long: petals 2.5-3.5 mm. long: drupes 4-8 mm. long, black beneath the bloom. The TORCHWOOD grows in coastal hammocks along the lower two-thirds of the east coast, and on the Everglade Keys and adjacent west coast and on the Florida Keys. (W. I.) 2. A. 'balsamifera L. Small tree sometimes 10 m. tall or shrub: leaflets 3-5; blades ovate to rhombic-ovate, 5-13 cm. long, dull beneath: drupes obovoid- oblong to obovoid, 6-14 mm. long. The Balsam-torchwood grows in hammocks along the southern end of the eastern coast of peninsular Florida. iW. J.) 4. GLYCOSMIS Correa. Shrubs or trees. Leaf -blades 1-severaifoliolatc: leaflets mostly entire. Flowers perfect, relatively small. Sepals nearly dis- tinct. Petals 5, elongate. Ovary 2-5-celled: styles very short. Ovules solitary in each cavity. Berry globular, the pulp very thin. 1. G, pentaphylla (Eetz.) DC. Small tree or shrub 1-4 m. tall: leaves 1-5-foliolate; leaflets elliptic to oblong, or broadest above the middle, 8-16 cm. long, glabrous: sepals orbicular to oval, 1-2 mm. long: petals oblong some- times broadly so, 3-4 mm. long: filaments clavate: berries 7-10 mm. in diameter, white or pink. The Glycosmis, a native of tropical Asia, grows in hammocks on Key West. The wood has not yet been studied, (ir. 7.) 54 SUEIANACEAE. 5. CITRUS L. Skrubs or trees. Leaf -blades 1-foliolate, the petiole often winged. Flowers perfect, axillary. Sepals united. Petals 5, or 4-8, mostly wax-like. Ovary several-celled: styles united, deciduous. Ovules several. Berry several-seeded. The wood of the several species of Citrus is yellow or yellowish-white, close- grained, hard, and heavy. The following species of Citrus were introduced in Florida from tropical and temperate countries, some of them at a very early date. The different species are also extensively cultivated. Berry of a globose or spheroidal type, not mamillate at the apex. Wings of the petioles usually broad : pulp of the berry bitter and sour. 1. C. vulgaris. Wings of the petioles usually narrow : pulp of the berry sweet or sour. 2. C. Aurantiuin. Berry of an elongate type, commonly mamillate at the apex. Berry relatively small, with a relatively thin rind, the pulp well developed, with abundant juice, and very acid. Corolla 2-2.5 cm. wide : leaflets with a rounded apex. 3. C. Lima. Corolla 3-5 cm. wide: leaflets with an acute apex. 4. C. Limonum. Berry relatively large, with a thick rind, the pulp only slightly developed, with little juice, and not very acid. 5. C. Medica. 1. C. vulgaris Eisso. Small tree with sharp thorns: leaflets ovate to oblong, 6-12 cm. long, often acuminate, the petioles usually broadly winged: flowers in small cymes: sepals often obtusish: berries dark-orange or reddish, the rind thick, the pulp sour and bitter. The Bitter-sweet or.\xge grows in woods and hammocks in peninsular Florida and on the Florida Keys. (ir. /. ) 2. C. Aurantium L. Small tree with short sharp thorns: leaflets oval, oblong- ovate, or ovate, 6.5-13 cm. long, often acute or rounded, the petioles usually narrowly winged: flowers in axillary clusters: sepals often acute: berries mostly yellow, the rind usually thin, the pulp sour or sweet. The Sweet-oeakge grows in woods and hammocks in peninsular Florida and on the Florida Keys. (W. I.) 3. C. Lima Lunan. Small tree or straggling shrub, with numerous sharp thorns: leaflets oval to oblong-elliptic, 6.5-9 cm. long, commonly rounded at the apex, crenulate: petioles narrowly winged: flowers in clusters of 3-10: petals white without and within: berries small, mostly less than 6 cm. long, the rind very thin, the pulp greenish. The Lime grows in woods, thickets, and hammocks in peninsular Florida and on the Florida Keys. (W. I.) 4. C. Limonum (L.) Eisso. Small tree or spreading shrub, less thorny than C. Lima: leaflets oblong-elliptic or ovate-oval, 5-11 cm. long, commonly acute or acuminate at the apex, crenate: petioles broadly winged: flowers solitary or 2 together : petals purplish without, white within : berries large, mostly over 6 cm. long, the rind relatively thin, the pulp yellowish. The Lemon grows in woods and hammocks in peninsular Florida and on the Florida Keys. (II'. 7.) 5. C. Medica L. Small tree or shrub, sometimes with stout thorns: leaflets oblong to elliptic, or slightly broadened upward, 12-20 cm. long, rounded and often emarginate at the apex, serrulate-erenate, dull-green: flowers in clusters of 3-10: petals purple-tinged without, white within: berries oblong or oval, usually very large, mostly 12-20 em. long, often coarsely wrinkled, the rind very thick. The Citron grows in hammocks and woods in peninsular Florida and on the Florida Keys. (W. I.) Family 3. SURIANACEAE. Bay-cedar Family. Shrubs or trees of coastal sands. Leaves alternate: blades entire. Flowers perfect, solitary, or few in tenninal clusters. Calyx of 5 per- sistent sepals. Corolla of 5 clawed petals. Androecium of 10 stamens. SIMAROUBACEAE. 55 those oi3posite the petals more or less reduced. Gynoecium of 5 distinct carpels opposite the petals. Ovules 2, side by side. Fruit achene-like. 1. SURIANA [Phun.] L. Shrubs with erect stems or trees with wide- spreading brauches, the bark flaky. Leaves numerous, fleshy. Fruits seated in the persistent calyx. 1. S. maritima L. Shrub or tree 8 dm. tall, the wood very hard and heavy: leaves fleshy, appressed-pubescent, approximate ; blades liuear-spatulate, 1.5-4 cm. long: sepals ovate, 6-8 mm. long: petals yellow, about as long as the sepals: mature carpels 4-4.5 mm. long. — All year. The Bay-cedar grows on sand dunes and in coastal hammocks in southern peninsular Florida and on the Florida Keys. The reddish-brown heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, and hard. (IT. /.) Family 4. SIMAROUBACEAE. Quassia Family. Shrubs, trees, or rarely herbs. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite: blades pinnately compound, 1-3-foliolate or rarely simple. Flowers polyg- amous, deciduous, or rarely perfect, solitary, spicate, racemose or panicu- late. Calyx of 3-5 sepals. Corolla of 3-5 petals or wanting. Androecium of as many stamens as there are sepals or twice as many, or rarely very many. Gynoecium of 2-5 more or less united carpels. Ovary usually lobed. Stigmas mostly introrse. Fruit a drupe or a samara, or baccate. Fruits drupaceous or baccate. Carpels becoming distinct, forming simple fruits : leaf-blades equally pinnate. 1. SiMAROUBA. Carpels permanently united, forming a compound fruit : leaf- blades unequally pinnate. 2. Picramnia. Fruits samaroid. Petals present : stamens 10 : mature carpels separate. 3. Ailanthus. Petals wanting : stamens 5 : mature carpels united. 4. Alvaradoa. 1. SIMAROUBA Aubl. Trees. Leaf -blades abruptly pinnate, the leaflets thick. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, paniculate. Sepals 4 or 5, short. Petals 4 or 5, imbricate, much larger than the sepals. Stamens 8 or 10, each with a fringed appendage at the base. Ovary 4-5-celled, lobed at the apex: style very short. Fruit a cluster of 5, or fewer drupes, with the style-base lateral. 1. S. glauca DC. Tree sometimes 16 dm. tall: leaflets 6-12; blades oblong or nearly so, 4-8 cm. long, entire: drupes oval, about 2 cm. long, scarlet or dark- purple. — Spr. The Paradise-tree grows in coastal hammocks in the lower half of the pen- insula, on the Everglade Keys and on the Florida Keys. The light-brown heart- wood is close-grained, but light, soft, and weak. Also known as Bitterwood. (W.I.) 2. PICRAMNIA Sw. Shrubs or trees. Leaf -blades unequally pinnate, the leaflets thickish. Flowers dioecious, spicate or racemose. Sepals 3-5, short. Petals 3-5, imbricate or wanting. Stamens 3-5, unappendaged. Ovary 2-3-celled, not lobed: style very short. Fruit a berry. 1. P. pentandra Sw. Small tree or shrub: leaflets 5-7; blades elliptic to oblong-elliptic, or rarely ovate, 5-10 cm. long, lustrous above: berries oblong, 10-15 mm. long. — Spr. The BiTTER-nrsii grows in hammocks on the Everglade Keys and on the Florida Keys. The brown heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, and hard. (W. I.) 3. AILANTHUS Desf. Trees. Leaf-blades unequally pinnate, the leaf- lets thin. Flowers polygamo-dioecious, paniculate. Sepals 5, short. Petals 5, .56 MELIACEAE. valvate, much larger than the sepals. Stamens 10, unappendaged at the base. Ovary 2-5-celled, deeply lobed at the apex: style columnar. Fruit a cluster of 5, or fewer, samaras, with the style-base lateral. 1. A. glandulosus L. Tree becoming 30 m. tall: leaflets 13-41; blades lanceo- late to oblong-lanceolate, 7-18 cm. long: samaras 4-5 cm. long, linear-elliptic, the seed in the middle. — Spr. The Tree-of-heaven, a native of China, grows in northern Florida and the northern portion of the peninsula. The white or nearly white heart-wood is rather close-grained, but light, soft, and weak. (Cont.) 4. ALVARADOA Liebm. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades unequally pin- nate, the leaflets thinnish. Flowers dioecious, borne in spreading or drooping racemes. Sepals 5, short. Petals wanting. Stamens 5, alternating with 5 staminodia. Ovary flattened or 3-angled, 2-3-celled, notched at the apex. Fruit samaroid. 1. A. amorphoides Liebm. Shrub or small tree: leaves approximate at the ends of the branches; leaflets numerous, the blades 1-2 cm. long, those of the lateral leaflets mostly oblong or oval: flowers numerous, slender-pedicelled : sepals ovate, about 1.5 mm. long: filaments pubescent: capsules oblong or ovate-oblong, 12-14 mm. long, ciliate, notched. — All year. The Alvaeadoa grows in hammocks on the Everglade Keys. The brown or reddish-brown heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, hard, and strong. {Bah., Cuba.) Family 5. BURSERACEAE. Torchwood Family. Trees with a resinous sap. Leaves alternate: blades pinnate, rarely 1-3-foliolate. Flowers perfect or polygamo-dioeeious, racemose or panicu- late. Calyx of 3-6 sepals. Corolla of 3-6 petals. Androeeium of 6-12 stamens. Gynoeeium of 2-5 united carpels. Fruit drupaceous, the epi- carp sometimes valvate. 1. ELAPHEIUM Jacq. Trees. Leaves approximate at the ends of the branches: leaflets thick. Sepals 4-6, imbricate. Petals 4-6, mostly valvate. Stamens 8-12, erect. Ovary 3-5-celled. Drupe with a valvate epicarp. 1. E. Simaruba (Ia) Eose. Tree becoming 20 m. tall: leaflets 3-7; blades oval or elliptic, varying to ovate or obovate, 3-5 cm. long, entire : racemes 5-10 cm. long: petals 2-2.5 mm. long: drupes oblong, 8-11 mm. long or rarely smaller, the epicarp 3-valved. — Winter & spr. The Gumbo-limbo grows in coastal hammocks along the lower half of the east coast and on the Everglade Keys and the Florida Keys. The light-brown heart- wood is close-grained, but spongy, soft, and weak. Also known as West-Indian birch. (W. I.) Family 6. MELIACEAE. Mahogany Family. Shrubs or trees, or partially woody herbs. Leaves alternate: blades pinnately 1-3-eompound. Flowers perfect or polygamo-dioeeious, i3anieu- late. Calyx of 3-5 sepals. Corolla of 3-5 petals. Androeeium of 8-10, or rarely fewer or more, stamens with the filaments united into a tube. Gynoeeium of 3-5 united carpels. Ovary 3-5-celled. Fruit a berry, a cai^sule or a drupe. Fruits drupaceous, clustered, drooping : androeeium and style elongate. 1. Melia. Fruits capsular, solitary erect : androeeium and style short. 2. Swietenia. 1. MELIA L. Trees with variegated wood. Leaf -blades thrice unequally pinnate. Sepals 5 or 6. Petals 5 or 6. Staminal tube elongate, the lobes cleft. Anthers sagittate. Stigma 3-6-lobed. Drupe leathery-fleshy. EUPHOEBTACEAE. 67 1. M. Azedarach L. Tree becoming 15 m. tall (in M. Asedarach umhracu- lifera with an umbrella-like top) : leaflets numerous; blades herbaceous, 3-7 cm. long, incised-serrate or lobed: petals about 1 cm. long: drupes subglobose, 1.5-2 cm. in diameter. — Spr. The China-tree, a native of eastern Asia, grows nearly throughout Florida. The brown-streaked heart-wood Is rather coarse-grained, but hard and durable. Also known as China-berry. (Cunt., W. I.) 2. SWIETENIA Jacq. Trees with dark-red wood. Leaf-blades equally once pinnate. Sej)als 5. Petals 5. Staminal tube short, the lobes entire. Anthers oval or globular. Stigma discoid. Capsule woody. 1. S. Mahagoni Jacq. Tree becoming 25 m. tall: leaflets 4-8; blades leathery, 3-8 cm. long, entire: petals usually 3-4 mm, long: capsules ovoid, 12 cm. long or less, — Sum. The Mahogany grows in hammocks on the Everglade Keys and the Florida Keys, and at the southern tip of the peninsula. The red-brown heart-wood is close- grained, heavy, very hard, durable, and strong.' Also known as Madeira-redwood, nr. 7.) Order 16, EUPHORBIALES, Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves various, sometimes reduced to scales or almost wanting. Flowers mainly monoecious or dioecious, regular. Calyx of several sepals. Corolla of several petals, or often wanting, Androecium of more than one stamen, except when the staminate flowers are scattered over the inside of an involucre. Filaments distinct or united. Anthers opening by longitudinal or transverse valves. Gynoecium 2-sev- eral-earpellary or 1-carpellary, superior. Styles or stigmas usually dis- tinct and cleft, or foliaceous. Ovules 1, 2 or 3 in each cavity. Fruit capsular, sometimes achene-like, drupaceous or baccate. Seeds often carunculate. Family 1. EUPHORBIACEAE, Spurge Family, Herbs, shrubs, or trees, often with milky sap. Leaves opposite, whorled, or alternate: blades simple and entire, toothed or lobed, or com- pound. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, solitary or variously clustered, or much reduced and in an involucre {Euphorbia and related genera). Calyx of 2-several sepals or obsolete. Corolla of 2-several petals or wanting. Androecium of few-many stamens. Fruit usually depressed or slightly elongate. Ovules, and seeds, 2 in each ovary-cavity. Stamens 5 : corolla present. 1 Savia. Stamens 2 or 3 : corolla wanting. Plants monoecious : ovary 3-celled : fruit baccate. 2. Cicca. Plants dioecious : ovary 1-2-celled : fruit drupaceous. 3. Dkypetes. Ovules, and seeds, solitary in each ovary-cavity. Stamens 1-5 : leaf-l)lades not peltate. Styles 2 or 3 : ovary 2- or 3-celIed. Pistillate flowers long-pedicelled : styles distinct or nearly so. Pistillate flowers sessile : styles united. 4. GTir.N'ANTnES. Capsules fleshy : styles long : stigmas linear. o. Triadica. Capsules dry : style short : stigmas subulate. 6. Sapium. Styles 0-8 : ovary 6-8-celled. 7. Hippomaxe. Stamens numerous : leaf-blades peltate. 8. RiciNus. 1, SAVIA Willd. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate : blades thick, entire. Flowers dioecious; the staminate densely clustered, with 5 broad rounded sepals 58 EUPHOEBIACEAE. and 5 thin petals broadened upward: stamens 5, exserted. Pistillate flowers solitary or few together, with 5 broad sepals and 5 nearly similar petals: ovary 3-lobed; styles 2-parted. Capsule depressed. 1. S. bahamensis Britton. Small tree or shrub, the bark pale-gray or whitish: leaf-blades typically obovate, varying to narrowly obovate or oval-obovate, 2-5 cm. long, rounded at the apex, or rarely retuse or aeutish, pale-green, shining above, glabrous, short-petioled: staminate flowers with orbicular-ovate sepals about 2 mm. long and cuneate or flabellate thin petals shorter than the sepals: pistillate flowers with suborbicular sepals and petals about 2 mm. long: cap- sules spheroidal, 5-6 mm. long: seeds 4-5 mm. long. The Savia grows in hammocks or palmlands on the lower Florida Keys. Tlie wood has not yet been studied. (Bah., Cuba.) 2. CICCA L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades entire. Flowers apetalous. Staminate flowers with 5 or 6 sepals and usually 3 stamens, the anthers opening vertically. Pistillate flowers with 5 or 6 sepals and a 3-celled ovary. Fruit baccate. 1. C. disticha L. Small tree or shrub, the branchlets spreading or drooping, glabrous: leaves various, those near the base of the branchlets with subor- bicular to orbicular-ovate blades 1.5-3 cm. long, those above them with larger ovate to oblong-lanceolate blades: larger sepals suborbicular to orbicular- obovate, 1..5-2 mm. long: berries depressed, 1..5-2 cm. broad. — All year. The Otaheite-goosebekry. a native of the E. Indies, grows in pinelands and on roadsides in southern peninsular Florida. The wood has not yet been studied. (TF. /.) 3. DRYPETES Vahl. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades entire or undulate- toothed. Flowers apetalous. Staminate flowers in rather dense clusters, with 4-8 sepals and 4-16 stamens. Pistillate flowers few in a cluster, with 4-8 sepals and a 1-2-celled ovary. Fruit a berry or a drupe. Sepals 4 : gynoecium 2-carpellary : drupe subglobose, less than 15 mm. long. 1. D. lateriflora. Sepals 5 : gynoecium 1-carpellary : drupe elongate, over 15 mm. long. 2. D. diversifoHa. 1. D. lateriflora (Sw.) Krug & Urban. Tree becoming 10 m. tall or shrub: leaf-blades oblong or elliptic: stamens 4: drupes 9-11 mm. in diameter, ripe in spring or summer. — Fall & winter. The Guiana-plum grows in hammocks on the Everglade Keys and Florida Keys. The dark-brown heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, hard, and brittle. (TF. 7.) 2. D. diversifolia Krug & Urban. Tree becoming 12 m. tall or shrub: leaf- blades long, elliptic or oval: stamens 8: drupes 2-2.5 cm. long, ripe in fall. [D. Jceyensis Krug & Urban.] — Spr. The Whitewood grows in hammocks on the Florida Keys. The brown and yellow-streaked heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, hard, and brittle. (W. I.) 4. GYMNANTHES Sw. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades entire or toothed. Flowers, monoecious or rarely dioecious, apetalous. Staminate flowers with a rudimentary or obsolete calyx and 2 or 3 stamens. Pistillate flowers with a rudimentary calyx and a 3-celled ovary. Fruit a capsule. 1. G. lucida Sw. Tree becoming 10 m. tall or shrub: leaf -blades cuneate to oblong-spatulate, or nearly oblong, 4-10 cm. long, undulate or obscurely toothed near the apex: spikes shorter than the leaves: capsules depressed, about 1 cm. wide : seeds ovoid, 6-8 mm. long. — Fall. The Crabwood grows in hammocks on the Everglade Keys and the Florida Keys. The dark-brown and yellow-streaked heart-wood is close-grained, very heavy, and hard. (TF. 7.) EUPHOEBTACEAE. 59 5. TRIADICA Lour. Sluubs or trees. Leaf-blades entire, usually broad. Flowers monoecious, in dense spike-like panicles, apetalous. Staminate flowers with 2 or rarely 3 sepals and 2 or 3 stamens. Pistillate flowers with 2 or 3 sepals and a 2- or 3-eelled ovary. Fruit a fleshy capsule. 1. T. sebifera (L.) Small. Tree resembling a poplar: leaf -blades acuminate, 4-8 cm. long, entire, long-petioled : capsules about 1.5 cm. broad: seeds 8-9 mm. long. [Croton sehiferum L.] — Spr. The Chinese tallow-teee, a native of eastern Asia, grows in northern Florida and the northern portion of the peninsula. The white heart-wood is close-grained, and rather light, but hard. (Cont., W. /.) 6. SAPIUM P. Br. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades toothed, usually nar- row. Flowers monoecious, in narrow si^ike-like panicles, apetalous. Staminate flowers with 2 or 3 sepals and 2 or 3 stamens. Pistillate flowers with 2 or 3 sepals and a 2- or 3-celled ovary. Fruit a dry capsule. 1. S. gandulosum (L.) Morong. Small tree or shrub, resembling a willow: leaf-blades acute, 16 cm. long, serrulate, short-petioled : capsules about 1 cm. broad : seeds 6-7 mm. long. — Spr. The Milk-tree, a native of South America, grows about Pensacola. The wood has not yet been studied. ("IT'. I.) 7. HIPPOMANE L. Trees. Leaf-blades entire or toothed. Flowers monoecious, apetalous. Staminate flowers with 2 or 3 sepals and 2 or 3 stamens. Pistillate flowers with 3 sepals and a 6-8-celled ovary. Fruit a drupe. 1. H. Mancinella L. Tree becoming 18 m. tall: leaf-blades ovate, oblong, or oval, 4-10 cm. long: spikes 4-8 cm. long: drupes spheroidal, 2.5-3.5 cm. broad. — Spr. The Manchineel grows in hammoclss on the Everglade Keys and Florida Keys. The dark-brown heart-wood is close-grained, but light and soft. (ir. /.) 8. RICINUS [Tourn.] L. Herbs, shrubs or trees. Leaf -blades peltate, palmately lobed. Flowers monoecious, apetalous. Staminate flowers with 3-5 sepals and numerous stamens. Pistillate flowers with caducous sepals and a 3-celled ovary. Fruit a capsule. 1. E. communis L. Small tree or shrub, 1-5 m. tall, the stem widely branched: leaf-blades nearly orbicular, 6-11-lobed: capsules 12-16 mm. in diameter. — All year. The Castor-oil plant, a native of the Old World tropics, grows in waste places, fields and hammocks nearly throughout Florida. The wood is rather close- grained, but light and soft. (Cont., ir. /.) Order SAPINDALES. Shrubs or trees. Leaves various: blades simple and eutire or toothed or compound. Calyx of distinct sepals. Corolla of distinct petals, j-egu- lar or rarely irregular, or wanting. Androeciuin of as many stamens as there are petals, or of twice as many, or rarely of more, or fewer. Fila- ments distinct. Gynoeeium a single cai-pel, or of several united carpels. Ovary superior. Ovules 1 or 2, or several, in each cavity of the ovary, pendulous, with the raphe away from the axis of the ovary, or erect or ascendins:. Fruit vai'ious. 60 SPOXDIACEAE. Plants with resin-bearing tissues. Fam. 1. Spondiaceae. Plants not resin-bearing. Leaf-blades simple, pinnately veined. Each cavity of the ovary with a single ovule. Flowers in racemes : fruit capsular or leathery. Fam. 2. Cteillaceae. Flowers not racemose : fruit a drupe. Fam. 3. Aquifoliaceae. Each cavity of the ovary with 2 or more ovules. Fam. 4. Celasteaceae. Leaf-blades simple and palmately veined or compound. Leaves opposite. Fruit capsular. Fam. 5. Aesculaceae. Fruit a samara. Fam. 6. Aceeaceae. Leaves alternate. Fam. 7. Sapindaceae. Family 1. SPONDIACEAE. Sumac Family. Shrubs, trees, or vines, with milky, resinous, often acid or caustic sap. Leaves alternate : blades simple or pinnately compound. Flowers monoe- cious, dioecious, or polygamous. Calyx of 3-5 sepals. Corolla of 3-5 petals, larger than the sepals. Androecium of 3-6, or rarely more, stamens. Gynoecium of 1, or of 3-5, more or less united carpels. Fruit a drupe or a berry. Leaf-blades simple: ovary on a swollen receptacle. 1. Maxgifeea. Leaf-blades compound : ovary not on a swollen receptacle. Drupe somewhat elongate, the coats permanently united. 2. Metopidm. Drupe depressed, the coats ultimately separating. Drupe with a glabrous outer coat : stone ribbed. 3. Toxicodendeon. Drupe with a pubescent outer coat : stone smooth. 4. Rhus. 1. MANGIFERA L. Trees. Leaf-blades simple, relatively narrow. Flowers polygamo-dioecious, in stiff panicles, the branches not plumose. Sepals 4 or 5. Petals 4 or 5. Ovary oblique. Style 1, lateral. Drupe ovoid to some- what reniform, smooth: seeds tenaciously fibrous. 1. M. indica L. Tree: leaf -blades leathery, oblong to linear-oblong or linear- lanceolate, mostly 1-3.5 dm. long, reticulate: panicles 1-4 dm. long: sepals ovate: petals oblong or nearly so, 3.-5-4 mm. long: drupes 5-10 cm. long, aromatic. — Winter & spr. The Maxgo, a native of the East Indies, grows in fields and hammocks in southern peninsular Florida and on the Keys. The brownish heart-wood is rather coarse-grained, light, and soft. {W. I.) 2. METOPIUM P. Br. Trees. Leaf -blades pinnately compound. Flowers dioecious, in open panicles. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Ovary equilateral. Styles united: stigma 3-lobed. Drupe not oblique. 1. M. toxifenim (L.) Krug. & Urban. Tree becoming 14 m. tall or shrub, with a very poisonous sap : leaflets 3-7 ; blades leathery, ovate, 3-9 cm. long : panicles 1-2 dm. long : sepals reniform or suborbicular : petals oblong to ovate : drupes 10-15 mm. long. — Spr. or all year. The PoisoNwooD grows in hammocks and pinelands on the Everglade Keys and on the Florida Keys. Also on coastal sand-dunes at the lower end of the peninsula. The dark-brown and red-streaked heart-wood is close-grained, heavy and hard, but weak. Also known as Doctor-gum. (ir. /.) 3. TOXICODENDRON [Tourn.] Mill. Shrubs, trees, or vines, with poisonous sap. Leaf-blades pinnately compound. Flower? polygamous or dioecious, in rather dense panicles. Sepals 4-6. Petals 4-6. Ovary glabrous. Styles short. Drupe mostly glabrous, the sarcocarp wax-secreting. Seed ribbed. 1. T. Vemix (L.) Kuntze. Small tree or shrub: blades of the lateral leaflets oblong, elliptic, or oval, 4-15 cm. long, undulate: petals linear-oblong, about CYRILLACEAE. 61 2 mm. long: drui^es subglobose, about 5 mm. l)roa(l, in drooping panicles. — Spr. The Poison-sumac grows in swamps in northern Florida. Tlie yellow and brown-streaked heart-wood is coarse-grained, light, and soft. Also known as Thunderwood. (Cont.) 4. RHUS L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades pinnately compound, several- foliolate. Flowers polygamous or dioecious, borne in terminal usually compact panicles. Sepals commonly 5. Petals commonly 5. Ovary pubescent. Style short. Drupe pubescent. Seed smooth and even. — Spr. Bark dark gray or gray-brown, dull : leaflets mostly 7-11. 1. R. copallina. Bark red, shining : leaflets mostly 13-33. 2. B. leucantha. 1. R. copallina L. Tree becoming 10 m. tall or a tall shrub, the bark thick, hard, scaly: leaflets 9-21: blades oblong to oblong-lanceolate or sometimes oval, 3-10 cm. long: stone of the drupe 2. .5-3 mm. long. The Sumac grows in open woods or thickets in northern Florida and in the upper part of the peninsula. The brown and green-streaked heart-wood is coarse- grained, light, and soft. (Cont.) 2. R. leucantha Jacq. Tree becoming 9 m. tall, the bark thin, soft, smooth, peeling, or shrub: leaflets 1.5-33; blades narrowly oblong to linear-lanceolate, 3—9 cm. long: stone of the drupe about 3 mm. long. The SouTHERX-suMAC grows in hammocks on the Everglade Keys. The brown- ish-white and green-streaked heart-wood is rather close-grained, light, and soft. (Cuba.) Family 2. CYRILLACEAE. Titi Family. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate : blades simple, entire. Flowers perfect, racemose. Calyx of mostly 5 sepals. Corolla of mostly 5 petals. Androecium of 5-10 stamens. Gynoecium of 2-5 united car^iels. Fruit dehiscent or indehiscent. Racemes lateral : sepals 5. equal : petals contorted, acute : stamens 5 : ovary 2-celIed : ovules 2-3 : fruit dehiscent, not winged. 1. Cykilla. Racemes terminal : sepals 5-8, unequal : petals imbricated, obtuse : stamens 10 : ovary 3-4-celled : ovule 1 : fruit indehiscent, winged. 2. Cliftonia. 1. CYRILLA Garden, Shrubs or trees, with pale close bark. Sepals nearly equal. Petals clawless. Stamens equal: filaments winged. Style short. Fruit erect or ascending. 1. C. racemiflora L. Tree becoming 10 m. tall or shrub: leaf -blades oblanceo- late to obovate or nearly oblong, 2-10 cm. long: racemes mostly over 8 cm. long: sepals acuminate: petals 2.5-3 mm. long: filaments over 2 mm. long: capsules ovoid, about 2.5 mm. long. — Spr. The Leatiierwood grows in swamps and ponds in the pinelands in northern Florida. The brown and red-tinged heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, and hard, but weak. Also known as Titi. (Cont.) 2. CLIFTONIA Gaertn. Shrubs or trees, with dark scaly bark. Sepals unequal. Petals clawed. Stamens unequal: filaments appendaged below. Style wanting. Fruit drooping. 1, C. monophylla (Lam.) Britton. Small tree becoming 8 m. tall or shrub: leaf -blades narrowly elliptic to elliptic-oblanceolate, 4-6 cm. long: racemes 2-6 cm. long: petals 3-3.5 mm. long: fruit ovoid, 6-7 mm. long. — Winter & spr. The Titi grows in pineland swamps and bays in northern Florida. The brown and red-tinged heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, and rather hard, but weak. (Cont.) 62 AQUIFOLIACEAE. Family 3. AQUIFOLIACEAE. Holly Family. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate : blades simple. Flowers perfect or polygamous. Calyx of 4-6 persistent sepals. Corolla of 4^6 petals, often united at the base. Androecium of 4-6 stamens. Gynoecium of 4-8 united carpels. Fruit dn;paceous. 1. ILEX L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves mostly persistent: blades entire or toothed. Flowers sometimes nearly dioecious. Sepals persistent. Corolla deciduous. Drupe with 4-8 nutlets. Fruits with smooth nutlets. Berries bhicli : leaves persistent; blades leathery. 1. I. Kruglana. Berries red or scarlet : leaves deciduous ; blades herbaceous. 2. /. verticiUata. Fruits with ribbed nutlets. Leaves deciduous : blades herbaceous. Leaf-blades broadest above the middle, blunt-toothed : drupes nearly sessile. 3. /. decidua. Leaf-blades not broadest above the middle, sharp-toothed : drupes decidedly pedicelled. 4. /. amhigiia. Leaves persistent : blades leathery. Leaf-blades entire or with a few appressed teeth near the apex. Leaf-blades linear. 1-4 cm. long. 5. I. myrtifoUa. Leaf-blades oblong or oblanceolate. 4-10 cm. long. 6. /. Cassine. Leaf-blades toothed Teeth crenate. 7. /. vomitoria. Teeth spine-like and spreading, rarely only the terminal one present. 8. /. opaca. 1. I. Krugiana Loesener. Tree 11 m. tall or shrub, with glabrous twigs: leaf- blades oblong, elliptic, or ovate, 4-7.5 cm. long, acuminate, mostly entire, deep-green and lustrous above, slender-petioled: staminate calyx about 3 mm. wide: staminate corolla 5-5.5 mm. wide: drupes 5.5-6.5 mm. in diameter, about as long as the stalk. — All year. Krug's-holly grows in hammocks, and as a shrub in pinelands on the Ever- glade Keys. The wood has not yet been studied. (TF. /.) 2. I. verticillata (L.) A. Gray. Small tree sometimes 7 m. tall or shrub, with glabrous or slightly pubescent twigs: leaf-blades thickish, elliptic or oval, varying to ovate or obovate, 2-8 em. long, acute or acuminate at both ends, more or less pubescent beneath, often strongly reticulate, serrate: staminate calyx about 2.5 mm. wide: staminate corolla 6-7 mm. vn.de: drupes 6-8 mm. in diameter, red. — Spr. & sum. The Black-.\ldee grows in swamps or low woods in northern Florida. The yellowish-white heart-wood is close-grained, rather heavy, and moderatelv hard. (Cont.) 3. I. decidua Walt. Small tree 10 m. tall or shrub, the twigs glabrous or nearly so: leaf-blades thickish, mainly spatulate, oblanceolate, or elliptic, 2-6 cm. long, obtuse or retuse at the apex, crenate-serrate, dark-green and glabrous above, paler and usually pubescent beneath: staminate calyx 2.5-3 mm. wide: staminate corolla 4.5-6 mm. wide: drupes globose, 7-9 mm. in diameter, orange or nearly scarlet. — Spr. The Deciduous-holly grows in swamps and along streams In northern Florida. The yellowish-white heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, and hard. (Cont.) i. I. ambigua (Michx.) Chapm. Small tree rarely 6 m. tall, or shrub, with glabrous or nearly glabrous twigs: leaf -blades thin, broadly oval varying to ovate or obovate, 4-7 cm. long, acute or short-acuminate, serrate at least above the middle with appressed bristle-tipped teeth, glabrous or nearly so: stami- nate calyx 2-2.5 mm. wide: staminate corolla 4-5 mm. wide: drupes globose- oblong, 6-7 mm. in diameter. — Spr. The Carolina-holly grows on the margins of swamps in northern Florida. The wood has not yet been studied. (Cont.) 5. I. myrtifolia Walt. Small tree or shrub, with very rigid branches: leaf- blades leathery, narrowly oblong or linear, or broader on shoots 1-4 cm. long, CELASTRACEAE. 63 apiculate, more or less revolute, dark-green and glabrous above, pale and usually glabrous beneath, short-petioled : calyx 1-1.5 mm. broad: corolla 4-5 mm. broad: drupes globose, about 6 mm. in diameter, red. — Spr. The Myrtle-leaved holly grows about pineland ponds and in cypress swamps in northern Florida. The pale-brown heart-wood is rather close-grained, light, and soft. iCont.) 6. I. Cassine L. Small tree, 12 m. tall or shrub, with usually pubescent twigs: leaf-blades leathery, oblanceolate or oblong, or rarely obovate, 4-10 em. long, obtuse, acute, or rarely retuse at the apex, more or less revolute, dark-green and glabrous above, pale and more or less pubescent beneath, or sometimes glabrous, rather slender-petioled : calyx 1.5-2 mm. broad: corolla 4-4.5 mm. broad : drupes globose, 6-8 mm. in diameter, red or sometimes nearly yellow. — Spr. or all year. The Daiioox grows on the margins of swamps and in hammocks nearly through- out northern and peninsular Florida. The white or yellowish heart-wood is close- grained, heavy, and hard. Also known as Yaupon. (Cont., Bali., Cuba.) 7. I. vomitoria Ait. Small tree, 8 m. tall or shrub : leaf -blades leathery, oblong, oval, or elliptic, sometimes oblong-lanceolate on shoots, 1-2.5 cm. long, obtuse, crenate-serrate, deep-green and lustrous above, pale-green beneath: calyx 2 mm. broad : corolla 5-5.5 mm. broad : drupes globose, red, 5-6 mm. in diameter, longer than their pedicels. — Spr. The Cassena grows on the margins of swamps and on sand ridges especially near the coast in northern Florida and the upper part of the peninsula. Tlie light- brown heart-wood is close-grained, light, soft, and weak. (Cont.) 8. I. opaca Ait. Tree reaching a height of 15 m., the bark white or pale-gray: leaf-blades parchment-like, oval, elliptic, or obovate, 4-10 cm. long, spine- toothed or sometimes entire, lustrous and dark-green above, pale and dull beneath: corolla 5.5-6.5 mm. broad: drupes globose or globose-ovoid, about 1 cm. in diameter, red or rarely yellow, longer than the pedicels. — Spr. The Holly grows in sandy woods and in hammocks in northern Florida and the upper part of the peninsula. The white heart-wood is close-grained, light, hard, and weak. Also known as American-holly. (Cont.) Family 4. CELASTRACEAE. Staff-tree Family. Shrubs or trees, or vines. Leaves alternate, opposite, or wliorled : blades simple. Flowers perfect, polygamous or dioecious, variously borne. Calyx of 3-5 sepals. Corolla of 3-5 petals. Androeeium of 3-5 stamens borne on or under the disk. Gynoeeium of 3-G united carpels. Fiuit a capsule, a drupe, or a berry. Seed often arillate. Fruits capsular, dehiscent. Leaves opposite : fruit-clusters drooping : capsules depressed at the apes. 1. Euonymds. Leaves alternate: fruit-clusters not drooping: capsules pointed. 2. Maytencs. Fruits drupaceous : indehiscent. Flowers perfect : ovary 4-celled : fruits oblique. :5. Riiacojia. Flowers dioecious : ovary 2-celled : fruits not oblique. Leaves opposite : flower-clusters peduncled : calyx decidu- ous : drupe not lobed. 4. (iY.minda. Leaves alternate : flower-clusters sessile : calyx persistent : drupe lobed. 5. Schaefkekia. 1. EUONYMUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs, trees, or rarely vines. Leaves opposite: entire or toothed. Flowers perfect. Sepals 4 or 5. Petals 4 or 5. Stamens 4 or 5, borne on the lobes of the disk: filaments very short: anther- sacs diverging. Stigmas 3-5. Straavberry-bush. 1. E. atropurpureus Jacq. Tree becoming 8 m. tall or shrub : leaf -blades 5-16 cm. long, serrate: petals dark-purple, orbicular-ovate or suborbicular, 2-4 mm. long: capsules depressed: seeds 8-10 mm. long. — Spr. The BuRxixG-nrsH grows on river banks in western Florida. The whitish and often yellow-tinged heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, and hard. (Cont.) 64 AESCULACEAE. 2. MAYTENUS Molina. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, persistent: blades leathery, entire or toothed. Flowers polygamous or dioecious, solitary or clustered. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Stamens 5, borne beneath the disk. Capsules erect. 1. M. phyllanthoides Benth. Small tree or shrub: leaf -blades obovate to oblong-oblanceolate, 2-4 em. long: hypanthium broadly turbinate: corolla 2-3 mm. broad : capsules obovoid, 8-12 mm. in diameter, red. — All year. The Maytends grows in hammocks along the lower portion of the eastern coast of Florida and on the Florida Kevs. The wood has not yet been studied. (Cuba.) 3. BHACOMA L, Shrubs or small trees. Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled, persistent: blades entire or toothed. Flowers perfect, few together or solitary in axillary peduncled cymes. Sepals 4 or 5. Petals 4 or 5. Stamens 4 or 5, borne between the lobes of the disk. Drupe smooth. 1. B. Crossopetalum L. Small tree or shrub, with glabrous twigs: leaf-blades obovate or rarely somewhat elliptic, 1-4 cm. long, shallowly crenate or entire: cymes long-peduncled : petals oval or orbicular, 1 mm. long or less: drupes obovoid, 5-6 mm. long, red. — All year. The Rhacoma grows in hammocks on the southern portion of the eastern coast of Florida and on the Florida Keys. The wood has not yet been studied. (W. I.) 4. GYMINDA Sarg. Shrubs or trees, the twigs 4-angled. Leaves oppo- site, persistent: blades mostly entire. Flowers dioecious, in axillary cymes. Sepals 4, or rarely 3. Petals 4, or rarely 3. Stamens 4, borne without a disk. Stigmas disk-like. Drupe smooth. 1. G. latifolia (Sw.) Urban. Small tree or shrub: leaf -blades obovate to elliptic-obovate, 2-4 cm. long, bright-green, (or glaucous above in G. latifolia glauci folia) : petals oblong to obovate-oblong. 1.5-2 mm. long: drupes oblong to ovoid, 7-8 mm. long, bluish-black. — All year. The False-boxwood grows in hammocks on the Florida Keys. The dark- brown or nearly black heart-wood is close-grained, very heavy, and hard. (W. I.) 5. SCHAEFFEEIA Jacq. Shrubs or trees, the twigs terete. Leaves alternate, persistent: blades entire. Flowers dioecious, in axillary clusters. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Stamens 4, borne without the disk. Stigmas recurved. Drupes tuberculate. 1. S. frutescens Jacq. Small tree or shrub: leaves not clustered; blades ellip- tic, oval, elliptic-obovate or elliptic-oblanceolate, 4-6 cm. long, shining above: flowers manifestly pedicelled: drupes about 5 mm. in diameter. — All year. The Boxwood grows in hammocks along the lower portion of the eastern coast of Florida, and on the Everglade Keys and Florida Keys. The yellow heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, and hard. Also known as Yellow-wood. (ir. /. ) Family 5. AESCULACEAE. Buckeye Family. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite : blades palmately compound. Flowei's polygamous, in terminal racemes or panicles. Calyx of 5 partially united sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5 unequal clawed petals. Androecium of 5-8 stamens. Gynoecium of 3 united carpels. Fruit a leatbeiy locu- licidal cai^sule. 1. AESCTJLUS L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades palmately 5-9-foliolate. Petals with their claws mostly in the calyx-tube. Filaments slender. Capsule smooth or echinate. — Buckeye. Horse-chestnut. ACEEACEAE. 65 1. Ae. Pavia L. Small tree or shrub: leaflets 5-7; blades oblanceolate or elliptie-oblaneeolate : calyx 15-17 mm. long: corolla red; lateral petals 2-3 cm. long, with suborbicular blades : capsules 3-5 cm. in diameter. — Spr. The Red-ruckeye grows in rich woods in northern Florida. The wood is pale, often whitish, close-grained, but light and soft. (Cont.) Family 6. ACEEACEAE. Maple Family. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite : blades simple or compound. Flo\Yers perfect or polygamous, in cymes, racemes, or panicles, often in congested clusters. Calyx of 4 or 5, or rarely more, deciduous sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5, or rarely more, petals, or wanting. Androecium of as many stamens as there are sepals. Gynoecium of 2 more or less united carpels. Fruit 2 nutlets with wings (samaras). Leaves with simple or rarely digitately compound blades : flowers polygamo-dioe- cious. with a disk. " 1. Acer. Leaves with pinnately compound blades : flowers dioecious, without a disk. 2. Rulac. 1. ACER [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades simple or digitately compound. Flowers polygamous-dioecious. Stamens mostly 8. Samaras 2 together. — Spr. — Maple. Flower-clusters expanding before the leaves, not drooping. Petals wanting or obsolete: ovary pubescent. 1. A. saccharimim. Petals present : ovary glabrous. Leaf -blades prominently and sharply lobed, the lobes prom- inently toothed: samaras mostly less than 3 cm. long. 2. A. riihrum. Leaf-blades shallowly lobed, the lobes shallowly toothed : samaras mostly over .3 cm. long. 3. A. caroliniannm. Flower-clusters expanding with the leaves, drooping. 4. A. floridanum. 1. A. saccharinum L. Tree rarely 36 m. tall, the bark flaky at maturity, gray, or that of the twigs reddish-brown: leaf -blades about as long as broad, 10-15 cm. long, with 3-5 prominent incised lobes longer than the body, silky when young, glabrate, bright-green above, glaucous or silvery-white beneath, trun- cate or cordate at the base: calyx greenish or yellowish: samaras 5-6 cm. long, tomentose, or glabrate at maturity, green, at length widely spreading. The SiLVER-M.\PLE grows in the Apalachicola river swamps in northern Florida. The pale-brown heart-wood is close-grained, rather light, and brittle. Also known as Soft-maple. (Cont.) 2. A. rubrum L. Tree sometimes 35 m. tall, the bark dark-gray and fissured on the trunk, smooth and pale or white-gray on the branches: leaf -blades com- monly broader than long, bright-green above, light-green or pale beneath, shallowly but prominently 5-lobed, rather evenly serrate, cordate at the base: flower-clusters red or yellowish: sepals nearly distinct: petals narrower than the sepals: samara- wings diverging at about 45 degrees, commonly red, 1.5- 2.5 cm. long. The Red-maple grows In swamps in northern Florida and the adjacent parts of the peninsula. The light-brown heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, and hard, but weak. (Cont.) 3. A. carolinianum Walt. Tree usually smaller than A. nibnim, the bark often shaggy in age: leaf -blades commonly longer than broad, dark-green above, glaucous or white beneath, shallowly and bluntly 3-lobed near the apex, or merely coarsely toothed: samara-wings converging or slightly diverging, larger than those of A. ruhrum, commonly 3-4 cm. long. The CAEOLiNA-^rAPLE grows in river-swamps and low grounds in northern Florida and the upper half of the peninsula. The wood is similar to that of A. ruhrum. (Cont.) 4. A. floridanum (Chapm.) Pax. Tree rarely over 18 m. tall, the bark rather close, but rough in age, chalky- white : leaf-blades rather broader than long, 5-6 em. broad, with 3-5 blunt few-toothed lobes about as long as the body, Trees of Florida 5. 66 SAPINDACEAE. deep-green above, glaucous and more or less pubeseent beneath, truncate and shallowly cordate at the base: pedicels sparingly pubescent at least until the fruit matures: calyx campanulate, 1-1.5 mm. long: samaras green, 1.5-2 cm. long, sparingly pubescent near the base; wings rather -widely spreading. The Florid.\ sugar-maple grows in rich woods and hammocks in middle and western Florida. The light-brown heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, and hard. (Cent.) 2. NEGUNDO [Eay] Ludwig-Boehmer. Trees. Leaf-blades pinnately compound. Flowers dioecious. Stamens mostly 5 or 4. Fruit resembling that of Acer. 1. N. Negundo (L.) Karst. Tree becoming 25 m. tall: leaflets 3-9; blades oval, ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, often 5-12 cm. long, coarsely toothed: samaras 2.5-3.5 cm. long. — Spr. The Box-elder grows in rich woods or on river banljs in northern Florida and in the northern portion of the peninsula. The yellowish-white heart-wood is close- grained, light, soft, and weak. Also known as Ash-leaved maple. (Cont.) Family 7. SAPINDACEAE. So.^pberry Family. Shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves opposite or alternate: blades simple or pinnate, sometimes 1-foliolate. Flowers dioecious, polygamous, or polygamo-dioecious. or rarely perfect, borne in racemes, panicles, or corymbs. Calyx of 4 or 5 sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5 petals or wanting. Disk sometimes gland-bearing. Androecium mostly of 5 or more stamens. Gynoeeium of 2-4 more or less united carpels. Fruit capsular or baccate. Fruits indehiscent, baccate. Tetals appendaged, longer than the calyx. Fruits lobed, the carpels nearly distinct : androecium and gynoeeium glabrous. 1. Sapindus. Fruits not lobed, the carpels united : androecium and gynoe- eium usually pubescent. 2. Talisia. Petals unappendaged, about as long as the calyx. Ovary 2-celled : leaflets 2, 4 or 6 : calyx persistent. 3. Exothea. Ovary 3-celIed : leaflets 3 : calyx deciduous. 4. Hypelate. Fruits dehiscent, capsular. 5. Cupania. 1. SAPINDUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades pinnate. Flowers polygamous, regular. Sepals 4 or 5. Petals 4 or 5, ap- pendaged. Stamens 8-10. Baccate fruit not elongate, lobed. — Winter & spr. Leaf-rachis winged : blades of the leaflets obtuse, at least not acuminate : petals short-clawed. 1. S. Saponarla. Leaf-rachis wingless, blades of the leaflets acuminate : petals long-clawed. Mature carpels globose : seed globose or spheroidal. 2. 8. marginatus. Mature carpels oval or obovoid : seed somewhat elongate. 3. S. nianatcnsis. 1. S. Saponaria L. Tree becoming 10 m. tall or shrub: leaflets 4-7; blades oblong, oval, or obovate, 3-12 cm. long; leaf-rachis winged: mature carpels globose, 14-18 mm. in diameter. The Soapberry grows in hammocks on the Everglade Keys and adjacent parts of peninsular Florida and on the Florida Keys. The brown and yellow-tinged heart- wood is close-grained, heavy, and hard. {W. I.) 2. S. marginatus Willd. Tree 10-15 m, tall, the twigs and inflorescence pubes- cent: leaflets 7-13; blades lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 5-15 cm. long: leaf-rachis margined above: mature carpels globose, 10-15 mm. in diameter. mu The Wild china-tree grows in hammocks nearly throughout peninsular Florida. (C i'P*^""'"°^° ^^^ yellow-tinged heart-wood in close-grained, heavy, and hard. SAPINDACEAE. 07 3. S. manatensis Eadlk. Tree ■becoming 10 m. tall or shrub, the twigs and inflorescence glabrous: leaflets 7-13; blades oblong-lanceolate: leaf-rachis wingless: mature carpels oval or obovoid, 20-23 mm. long. The Manatee wild china-tree grows in hammocks on islands about the mouth of the Manatee River. The wood is nearly similar to that of the next preceding species. (Endemic.) 2. TALISIA Aubl. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, the rachis wing- less : blades pinnate, the leaflet-blades slightly inequilateral. Flowers polygamo- dioecious, regular. Sepals 5. Petals 5, appendaged. Stamens 5-7, or usually 8. Baccate fruit somewhat elongate, not lobed. 1. T. pedicellaris Eadlk. Small tree with pubcrulent twigs: leaflets 4-6; blades elliptic to elliptic-ovate, 5-9 em. long, acuminate, short-i:)etioluled : panicle small, the branches pubescent: petals ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 4-5 mm. long: fruits ovoid, 1.5-2 cm. long, papillo!=e. The Talisia grows in Brickell hammock on the Everglade Keys, below Miami. The wood has not been studied. (N. 8. Am.) 3. EXOTHEA Macfadyen. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades equally pinnate. Flowers mostly polygamous, irregular. Sepals 5. Petals unappendaged, short-clawed. Stamens mostly 8. Baccate fruit not lobed. 1. E. paniculata (Juss.) Eadlk. Tree: leaflets 2-4, or rarely 6; blades oblong or elliptic, 5-13 cm. long, entire: buds clove-shaped: sepals 3-4 mm. long: petals white, resembling the sepals: fruits subglobose, 10-12 mm. in diameter, orange, turning purple. — Winter & spr. The INKWOOD grows in hammocks along the lower two-thirds of the eastern coast of Florida and on the Everglade Keys and the I-^lorida Keys. The reddish- brown heart-wood is close-grained, very heavy, hard, and strong. Also known as Iron wood. (TF. I.) 4. HYPELATE P. Br. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades 3- foliolate. Flowers polygamo-dioecious. Sepals 5. Petals 5, unappendaged, clawless. Stamens 8-10. Baccate fruit not lobed. 1. H. trifoliata Sw. Tree: leaflets 3; blades spatulate to narrowly obovate, 2.5-4.5 cm. long: petals white, suborbicular, obovate, or oval, the larger ones. 3.5-4 mm. long: fruits ovoid, 5-7 mm. long, black. — Winter & spr. The White-ieonwood grows in hammocks on the Florida Keys. The dark- brown heart-wood is close-grained, very heavy and hard, and durable. (TF. 7.) 5. CUPANTA [Plum.] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades pinnate. Flowers polygamo-dioecious, regular. Sepals 4 or 5, rarely 3 or 6. Petals 4 or 5, sometimes appendaged, or wanting. Stamens 8, or 5, 6, 10, or 12. Capsule 2-4-lobed. 1. C. glabra Sw. Tree: leaflets 6-12; blades oblong with a cuneate base, 6-11 em. long, crenate or crenate-serrate above the middle: sepals ovate, 2-2.5 mm. long: petals cuneate-flabellate, 2-2.5 mm. long: capsules turbinate, 11-14 mm. broad, stipitate. — Fall & winter. The Cupania grows in hammocks on Pine Key. The wood has not yet been studied. Specimens of this tree have not been collected in Florida in recent years. (W. I.) Order RHAMNALES. Shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves typically alternate. Flowers regular, sometimes imperfect or incomplete. Calyx present. Corolla present or wanting. Androecium of as many stamens as there are sepals. Gynoe- 68 FEAXGULACEAE. cium of 2 or more united carpels. Ovary superior or nearly so. Fruit a capsule or a berry, or drupaceous. Family 1. FRANGULACEAE. Buckthorn Family. Shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaf-blades simple, i:)innately veined. Flowers perfect or polygamous, or sometimes dioecious. Calyx of 4 or 5 sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5 petals, or wanting. Androecium of 4 or 5 stamens opposite the petals. Gynoecium of 2 or 3 united carpels. Fruit capsular or drupaceous, sometimes separating into nutlets. Fruits drupaceous, pulpy, the stone 1-3-celled. Sepals crested. 1. KKnciODEXDEOX. Sepals crestless. 2. Reynosia. Fruits dry or baccate, with 2-4 separating nutlets. Fruit fleshy : disk forming a hypanthium with the ovary seated in the bottom of it. 3. Rhamnus. Fruit dry : disk annular, the ovary immersed in it. 4. Colubeina. 1. KRUGIODENDRON Urban. Shrubs or trees. Leaves nearly opposite : blades entire. Flowers perfect. Sepals 5, crested within. Petals wanting. Stamens 5: filaments longer than the anthers. Drupe apiculate. 1, K, ferreum (Vahl) Urban. Tree becoming 9 m. tall, the bark ridged, or shrub: leaf -blades ovate or oval, 3-6 cm. long: sepals ovate: drupes subglobose or oval, 5-8 mm. long, black. [Bhmnnidium ferreum (Vahl) Sarg.] — Spr. The Black-ironwood grows in hammocks along the lower half of the east coast and on the Everglade Keys and the Florida Keys. The orange-brown heart-wood is close-grained, heavy, hard, and brittle. (TF. /.) 2. KEYNOSIA Griseb. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite: blades entire. Flowers perfect. Sepals 5, crestless. Petals wanting. Stamens 5: filaments longer than the anthers. Drupe apiculate, 1. R. septentrionalis Urban. Tree becoming 9 m. tall, the bark scaly: leaf- blades oblong, varying to ovate or obovate: sepals deltoid or ovate-deltoid: