LIBRARY OF I885-IQ56 "--t^.-^ ^^ IK] 4(7 THE CABINET ORIENTAL ENTOMOLOGY; ^ Sdcction of SOME OF THE RARER AND MORE BEAUTIFUL SPECIES OF INSECTS. NATIVES OF INDIA AND THE ADJACENT ISLANDS, THE GREATER PORTION OF WHICH ARE NOW FOR THE FIRST TIME DESCRIBED AND FIGURED. J. 0. WESTWOOD, ESQ., F.L.S. tIBM. HrST. 90C., QUEBEC ; SOC. NAT. HIST., BOSTON, U.S. ; ENT. SOC. PENNSYLVANIA, AND ENT. SOC, STETTIN; MEM. SOC- CAKS. NAT. CUR. MOSCOW; PHYSIOGB. SOC, LUND; SOC. BOY. SCI., LILLE; SOC. ROY., LYONS; SOC. HIST. NAT,, MAURITIUS; SOC, CUVIERR, ET PHILOMAT. PARIS; LIT. PHIL. AND NAT. HIST. SOCS., BELFAST, TORQUAY, RICHMOND, SHEFFIELD; MEM. SOC. ENTOMOL. DE FRANCE, SF.Cn, ENT. SOC, LONDON, ETC. LONDON: WILLIAM SMITH, 113, FLEET STREET. MDCCCXLVIII. p^ SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT INSECTS DESCRIBED AND FIGURED IN THE PRESENT WORK. ORDER— COLEOPTERA. LaMELLICORNIA PL Eucheirus (Cheii-otonus) MacLcaii Eucheirus Dupontianus . , Dynastes Haidwickii . . . Jumnos Ruckeri . . . . Heterorhina nigritarsis . . . Heterorhina autliracina . Bombodes Ursus . . . Peperonota Harringtonii Parastasia rufo-picta . . . LnCAMDj; — Lucanus Dux Lucanus platycephalus Lucanus multidentatus . Lucanus mquinatus . Lucanus strigiceps Lucanus Mearesii Lucanus rangifer . (Luc. De Haauii, Westw.) (Luc. Tarandus, Swed.) (Luc. metallifer, Bdv.) Lucanus Jenkinsii Lucanus occipitalis Lucanus teratus Lucanus castanoptems . 1 ( Lucanus bicolor, Oliv. Lucanus Gazella . (Luc. Delessertii, Gu^r.) (Luc. Cuvera, Hope.) (Luc. Pi'inseppii, Hope.) (Luc. bicolor, S.aunders.) (Luc. Saundersii, Hope.) (Luc. Burmeisteri, Hope.) Elaieridj; — Campsostemus Templetonii . . 35 Campsosternus Dohi'nii . . , ib. Elaterid^ (contbuKd) — Campsosternus Stepliensii Campsosternus Hopei Oxynopterus Cumingii . Pectoccra Mellii Alans moerens Alaus sculptus . Alaus sordidus EUCNKMID.E — Galbella violacea TELEPIIORID.E — IchthjTirus lateralis Ichthyurus costalis . Ichthyui'us basalis Ichthyurus discoidalis Paussidx — Paussus Jerdani . Merismoderus Bensoni Engidx ? — Prionophora cylindrica . Petalophora costata . Helota Mellii . SlLPnID.E — Apatetica Lebioides Brenthides — Arrhenodes Xipliias Teramocerus erytliroderes Diuris forcipatus . Calodromus Mellii Taphroderes Wliitii LoXGieOBNES — Trictenotoma Childrenii . Trictenotoma Templetonii Trictenotoma .'enea . LoNcicoRNES {continiud) — Hammaticherus marmoratus . . 5 Phryneta margaritifera Gnoma ? plumigcra Monohammus punctulatus . Monohammus Wcstwoodii . ib. . ib. . ib. . ib. Cerambyx Telephoroides . Purpuricenus 10-puuctatus . Purpuricenus 9-punctatus Monohammus bifasciatus . 29 . ,-4. . ib. . ib. Abryna eximia . Doliops Geometrica Anoplophora Lucipor Pachyteria dimidiata Saperda (u.g.) bicolor . ib. . ib. . ib. . ib. . ib. ORDER— ORTHOPTERA. Phasmidx — Phasma (Acanthoderus) semiarma- tum ...... 7 Phasma (Acanthoder\is) bicorona- tum ib. Phasma (Eurycantha ?) graciosum ib. Phasma (Bacteria) sai-mentosum . 32 Phasma (Bacteria) virgeum . . ib. Phasma (Necroseia) hilare . . 38 Phasma (Necroseia) maculicollis . ib. Phasma (Acanthoderus) Bufo . . ib. Phasma ( Acanthodems) mesoplatum 2 5. Phasma (Pachymorpha) draconinum ib. Phasma (Pachymorpha) deplanatum ib. Ph.asraa (Lonchodes) luteo-vii-ide . ib. Phasma (Necroseia) curtipes . 39 Phasma (Necroseia) filum . . ib. Phasma (Lonchodes) uniforme . ib. Phasma (Bacteria) geniculosum . ib. Phasma (Acanthoderus) despectum ib. Phasma (Acanthoderus) lacertinum ib. Gbyllidx — PLATK Phaueroptera perlaria Megalodon ensifer . Pseudopliyllus 4-tuberculatus . Acauthodis imperialis . Acantliodis Douovani . IC . ib. . ib. . ib. Phylloptera sanguinolenta Phylloptera 8-maculata . ib. . ib. ORDER— NEUROPTERA. Planipennes— Ascalaphus tessellatus . . 34 Ascalaphus segmentator . . . ib. Ascalaphus canifrons . ib. Ascalaphus dentifer . Page 69 Ascalaphus angulatus . . ib. Ascalaphus obscurus . . . ib. Myrmeleon singulare Plate 34 ChauUodes subfasciatus . . ib. Nemoptera fihpennis . ib. Mantispa nodosa . . ib. ORDER— LEPIDOPTERA. DiURNA — Papilio (Ornithopterus) Poseidon, male . . . . . .11 Papilio (Ornithopterus) Poseidon, female Papilio Icarius Papilio Minereus PapiUo Philoxenus . 14 . 40 . ib. ACAKISTID^ — Eusemia maculatrix Eusemia bellatrix Eusemia victrix Papiho Evan .... Papilio Elephenor . Papiho paradoxus Papiho Camius Papilio Astiua .... . 31 . ib. . 9 . ib. . ib. Eusemia amatrix Eusemia dentatrix BoMDYCIDiE — Satm-nia Simla Morpho (Thaumantis) Camadeva Amathusia Amythaon . 4 . 19 Satui-nia Assama . Saturnia Larissa DitENA (continued). plate Amathusia Patalena . . .19 Amathusia Philarchus . . . 27 Nymphalis Euphrone . . . ib. Charaxes Dolon . . . . ib. Charaxes Psaphon . . .21 Charaxes Marma.x . . . . ib. Euploea Deione . . . .37 Acontia Doubledaii . . . . ib. Hestia Hypermnesti-a . . . ib. Hestia BeUa . . . . . ib. Hestia lasonia . . . .42 Crepuscularia — Sphinx (Acherontia) Lethe . . 42 Sphinx (Acherontia) Styx . . ib. Sphinx Orneus . . . . . 6 Sphinx (Choeroeampa) Dolichus . 30 Sphinx (Ambulyx) substrigilis . . ib. Deilephila Cyrene .... 6 Smeriuthus ! Panope . . . ib. Macroglossa Triopus . . . ib. Sesia iufernalis . . . . . 30 Trochilium Ashtai'oth . . .6 Trochilium Astai'te . . . . 30 Trochilium Eui'ytiou . . . ib. Trochilium Ceto . . . . ib. Trochilium Phoreus . . ib. BombyciDjE {continued). plate Satm'nia PjTetorum . . .24 Satm'nia Zuleika . . . 12 Satm-uia Katinka .... ib. Satm'nia Lola . . . . . ib. Saturnia (Actias) Mituas . 22 Bombyx Huttoni . . . . 12 Limacodes hilaris . . . .24 Limacodes graciosa . . . . ib. Limacodes lajta . . . Page SO Leucophlebia luieata . Plate 22 NoCTUIDJi — Phyllodes ustulata . . .28 Phyllodes consobrina . . . ib. Erebus rivulai-is . . . . ib. Noctua (Apatela 1) radians . . ib. ORDER— HOMOPTERA. ruLGORID.E — Fulgora clavata ... .3 Fulgora gemmata . . . . ib. Fulgora guttulata .... ib. Fulgora viresceus . . . . ib Fulgora viridirostris . . . ib. Fulgora Spinolae . . . . 36 Fulgora oculata . . . . ib. Aphsena scutellaris . Aphoena imperialis Ancyra appendiculata ORDER— DIPTERA. Diopsis Westwoodii Diopsis subnotata Sphryracephala Hearseiana Achias macuhpennis . Colax ? variegatus ERRATA. Page 3, lino 29, dele " movable." Pages IS, IC, make the specific names and characters neuter, to agree with " Phasma." Page 21, line 44, /or " serratus," j'cacZ " serratls." „ 28, Dynastes Hardwickii audits variety D. ChUdrenii Hope, together with D. Cantori Hope, Trans. Ent. Soc. IV. 76, have been foi-med by Dr. Burmeister into a separate genus Eupatorus, Haudb. d. Ent. V., p. 268. „ 36, Dr. Schaum considers Heterorhina anthraeina as a variety of H. elegans. „ 43, Charaxes Psaphon is stated by Dr. Templeton to be a variety (male ?) of Chara.xes Bernardus. „ 48, Trictenotoma Templetonii. Captain Parry has obtained the female of this species from Ceylon ; it very much resembles that of T. Childrenii, but has transversely rugose mandibles, the last dorsal segment of the abdomen short, &c. „ 56, Nymphalis Euplu-one is identical with Diadema Lisarda. Doubleday, Ann. Nat. Hist. xvi. p. 253. Pages 65 and 66, add •' Phasma " as a generic name, making " Bacteria " subgeneric and the specific names neuter. NOTICE. rpHE object of the Work now offered to the notice of the Entomologist and lover of Nature in general, is to present a Series of Figures of some of the rarer and more splendid species of Insects which have ■o'ithin these few last j-ears been for'oarded to England, from the various distiicts of India and the adjacent islands. It is indeed siu^jrising that, notwithstanding the vast extent of oiu' Indian territories, and the extraordinary brilhancy of many of the Entomological productions of that portion of the globe, we should liitherto have had no work expressly devoted to the Insects of India, except the single volume pubUshed by Mr. Donovan, nearlj^ fifty years ago; whilst, nevertheless, our cabinets, owing to the zeal with which this branch of Zoology is pm'sued by many Entomologists in those regions, teem with novelties which would alone form the materials of many volumes. A most elaborate work, indeed, on the Lepidopterous Insects of Java, was commenced by Dr. Horsfield, nearly twenty years ago, which, had it been completed, would have left nothing to be desired on that branch of the subject, so far as the Javanese species are concerned. Another work, also of a very splendid character, has been commenced by Dr. De Haau, on tlie Insects of the Dutch Settlements in the East, of which, however, two numbers only have yet appeared, restricted to two groups of Insects. A partial attempt to remedy this consequent deficiency was made in my " Arcana Entomologica," in which several interesting Oriental groups were illustrated; but the small size of the plates of tliat work prevented the introduction of many of the larger species, and a desu'e to give to it as scientific a character as lay in my power, rendered necessary much technical detail. The present work, however, is proposed to be rather a pictorial illustration of the larger and more splendid species ; and, as such, it is hoped, that, by finding its way to the table of the Indian drawing-room, it may gain additional converts to the study of a science full of curiosity, and awaten an interest in the objects of pursuit, thus supplying an engaging occupation to our Indian friends. I cannot conclude this notice without collectively thanking the several gentlemen who, by their practical exertions, have contributed so much to om- knowledge of the Insects of India within the last few years, amongst whom it is a duty to mention the names of Colonel Hearsey, Major Jenkins, Captains Boys, Hutton, and Robinson ; Drs. Royle, Horsfield, Templeton, Benson, and Downes ; to all of whom I have been indebted for materials for the present work. I need scarcely add, that I shall be happy to receive any communications suited for the present work, from our fellow-labourers in India. Observations especially upon the habits and transformations of Indian insects are, indeed, highly to be desired; and all such, with which I may be favoured by correspondents, shall be faithfully acknowledged. J. O. WESTWOOD. Hammersmith, 1st January, 1847. THE CABINET ORIENTAL ENTOMOLOGY. PLATE I. EUCHEIRUS (Cheirotonus) MACLEAII. (Fig. 1 Male ; Fig. 2 Female.) (ORDER- COLEOPTERA. Section-.— Lamelucornia.) Eucheiras seneo-\Tridis, prothoracis lateribus serrulatis et varioloso-piinctatis, sulco longitudinali in medio dorsi fortiter impresso, elytris nigro-aeueis maculis fulWs insignitis, marginibus externis elevatis. llucheirus brassy-green, with the sides of the prothorax denticulated and deeply and irregularly punctured, having a deep longitudinal impression down the middle, dilated behind; the elytra brassy black, marked with numerous fulvous irregular-shaped spots, and with the lateral margins elevated. Length of the male 2{ inches ; of the female nearly 2 inches. Inhabits the Assamese and Himalayan regions of India. In the collections of the Rev. F. W. Hope, and Captain Parry. SvNOXYMES. — Cheirotonus Macleaii, Hope, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. p. 594, pi. 40, fig. 3 ; and Annals of Natural History, vol. vi. p. 300,$ .—Parry in ditto, October, 1846. 'iridi farinoso-guttato ; corpore fulvo thorace nigro maculato, pedibus uigris femoribus posticis fulvis, hemelytris et aUs ut in F. candelaiia coloratis. Fulgora with the rostrum about half as long again as the thorax, with the apex turned up and acuminate, of a dark green colour with white irrorations ; the body fulvous, with the thorax spotted with black; the feet black with the four anterior femora pitchy, and the two hind femora fulvous ; the hemelytra and wings coloured and marked as in F. candelaria. Length of the body and rostrum 1 J-l^ inch. Expansion of the hemelytra 2J-3 inches. Inhabits Assam. In my Collection. Observations. — I am indebted to Major Jenkins and Captain Robinson for my specimens of this species, which in general character closely approaches Fulgora Candelaria, from which, however, it is at once distinguished by its much shorter green rostrum and the dark colour of the legs. I have received so many specimens, agreeing together, as to leave no doubt of its distinctness from the species last named, of which, however, it seems to be the geographical representative. 4 PLATE IV. (ORDER— LETIDOPTERA. Section— Durna. Family— NyMraALiD.i;. Leacii.) MORPHO (THAUMANTIS) CAMADEVA. Wi:stw. Morpho alisanticis supra albis plumbco-cfcrulco tinctis, basi bninncis, fascia subraarginali niaciilaruni alteraque luiiularura fuscis ; alis posticis fuscis basi biniimeis fascia lunulanim plumbco-albarum pone medium ; alis infra basi albiilis apicibus fulvis, fascia lata commuui fulva utriuque linca nigra cincta ante medium alarum, oculisque .5 (ill singula ala) rubris iride nigra, pone medium, strigisque duabus submarginalibus pallide fuscis. Morpho with the fore-wings above of a white colour, tinged with a delicate purplish lea., '«r« Phasma fusca spinis valdearmata, capitis vcrtice medioque mesonoti corona spinariun instructis ; femoribus tibiis- que lobis numerosis acutis armatis. Phasma of a rusty-brow n colour, very much armed with spines (many of which arc compound, emitting smaller spines at the base) ; the crown of the head and the middle of the mesonotum are respectively furnished with a coronet of strong spines, and the femora and tibise .are armed with numerous acute lobes. Length of the body 2 inches. Inhabits the Himalayan range. In my own Collection. Description. — This ugly insect, with its strangely-spined coating, recalls to mind some of the most hideous of the reptile tribes. The antennae are nearly as long as the body, with the articulations more distinctly marked than in the last species, the middle joints being considerably longer than the basal ones. Besides the spines forming the two coronets (fig. 2«, whence I have derived the specific name), the abdomen has a double series down the back, as well as a row on each side. The 7th and Sth abdominal segments have an elevated tubercle in the middle of the back, and the anal plate is very much angulated in the middle of its under side (fig. 2 b.) I am also indebted to H. G. Harrington Esq., for this species. 16 ORIENTAL ENTOMOLOGY. FIGURE 3. PHASMA (EURYCANTHA f) GRACIOSA. Westw. Phasma capite spinis cox'onato, metastevno dilatato, abdominis lateribus lobis spinosis armatis, tegrainibiis alarum longitudine § Bequantibus fusco flavoque variis, alis abdominis longitudine pallide I'oseis, costa fuscescenti, venis omnibus fuseo-nebulosis. Phasma having the head conical above, crowned with strong spines ; the metastemum dilated and spined ; the sides of the abdomen with spinose membranes ; the tegmina | of the length of the wings, varied with brown and yellow ; the wings as long as the abdomen, pale rosy with the costa brownish, and all the veins clouded with brown. Length of the body 3f inches. Expansion of the wings 6 inches. Inhabits Prince of Wales's Island. In the Collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope. Description. — This insect here represented is evident!}' a male, notflithstanding the great develop- ment of the boat-like termination of the ventral surface of the abdomen (fig. 3 c). The crown of the head is armed with a circle of six spines (in pairs, fig. 3 b), and with three smaller ones on each side. The antennse have the tips broken off in the only specimen I have seen. The sides of the thorax are spined, with its two anterior divisions of nearly equal length, the metanotum being dinded into two portions, each eqnal to the pronotum in length ; the metastemum is greatly dilated, flattened, and spined beneath (fig. 3 a). There are two erect spines between the base of the fore wings, and another at the base of each ; the legs are angulated, and \eiY much spined, especially the posterior til)ia3. Observations. — In our present ignorance of the female of this fine insect, I am unable to determine whether it ought to be formed into a separate subgenus, or whether it be not the male of a species of Eurycantha. The specimen before us is remarkable for the size of the fore wings which (except in Prisopus) are never more than half, and often not -^ of the length of the wings, in the species of Phasmidse. The insect thus appears to be intermediate between Prisopus and Eiu'vcantha, agreeing with the latter in the armature of the legs and dilated metastemum. This is one of the fine insects sent to the Rev. F. W. Hope by that very zealous Naturalist, Dr. Theodore Cantor. Others equally worthy of being figured, are reserved for publication in this work. 15.47- PLATE VIII. (ORDER— COLEOPTERA. Division— Pexta.mera. Family— Lucanid^, Leach.) FIGURE 1. LUCANUS DUX. Westw. (Annals op Nat. Hist., October 1841.) Lucanus atcr ; elytris nitidis ; capite piano utrinquc nigoso punctato, margine antico elevato ; latcribus poue oculos utrinquc spina obtiisa annatis ; mandibulis longitucline capiti ct prothoraci ttqualibus, valde curvatis ; intus (dentibus tribus subapicalibus cxceptis) inerniibus ; pronoto tcnuissime punctate, utrintiue bispinoso, anguliscjue posticis acutis, tibiis auticis apice cxtcmo ."i-dentatis ; posticis 4 ineimibus apicibus extcrnis acutis. Lucamis black, with the elytra glossy ; the head flat and on each side rugose and strongly punctured, the anteri or margin elevated and the sides behind the eyes armed with a strong obtuse spine ; the mandibles as long as the head and prothorax, strongly curved ; the inside destitute of teeth except three small ones near the tip ; the pronotum is delicately pimctured, armed with two spines on each side, and with the posterior angles acute, the fore-tibia; having tlie outer apex ■'i-dcntate, and the four posterior tibia; not spined on the outside but terminating cxternallv in a sharp point ; (male.) Length of the insect, inchiding the manilililes, 4^ inches. Inhabits Manilla. (D. Cuming.) In tlie Collection of the British Museum. Description. — The head is very delicately punctured all over the upper surface ; the middle of the disc of the prothorax is however nearly smooth ; the front of the head is excavated as in some allied species, ha\-ing the front mai'giu elevated, prominent, and nearly straight. Near the anterior lateral angles of the head is a slightly elevated angular mark ; and near the base of each of the larger spines of the prothorax is an impressed dot. The eyes are entirely intersected by the flat septum ; the four posterior tiljia; have a slender line of fulvous pile on the iuside ; and in the unique specimen in tiie British Museum the left fore tibia has a minute spine behind the subapical teeth. Observations. — This insect is veiy closely alhed to L. Alces, but that species has a strong tooth at the base of the mandibles on the inside. Dr. Burmeister has, indeed, appended a note to the specimen of the British Museiun Collection affirming it to be a variety of that species. I am well aware of the very variable size of the teeth of the mandibles in the Lucani, which has induced this opinion ; but as it appears to me to be a fixed principle that gigantic male specimens of any of the cornuted insects should have the horns and teeth developed to excess, I can scarcely think that the insect before us ought to be referred to a species, the ordiuai-ily smaller males of Avhich are more strongly armed with teeth than the specimen here figured. FIGURE 2. LUCANUS PLATYCEPHALUS. Hope. (Annals Nat. Hist. xii. 364.) Lucanus niger suboeneus, nitidissimus tenuissime punctatus ; mandibuUs capite vix longioribus, apicibus acute digitato-fm'catis ; capite antice lato piano, ante oculos utrinque angulato porreeto ; thorace transverso-quadi-ato, utrinque prope angulum lateralem subfossulato ; elyti'is fere glabris, corpore infra concolori ; tibiis anticis serrato- dentatis, posticis 4 in medio inermibus apicibus spiuosis; tarsis posticis subtus luteo-setosis, oculis integris rotundatis. Lucanus brassy black, very glossy, and very delicately punctured ; the mandibles scarcely longer than the head, with the tips acutely digitate-fm-cate (fig. 2») ; the head broad and fiat in front, with the anterior lateral angles acutely porrected in front of the eyes ; the prothorax transverse-quadrate convex, with a small gutter near the lateral angles, beyond the middle of the sides ; the elytra neai-ly smooth, the body beneath concolorous ; the fore-tibise serrato-deutate, the four hind ones unarmed on the outside, with the tips spined ; the tarsi are fm-nished beneath with a luteous cushion, and the eyes are entire and rounded ; (male.) Length, including the mandibles, 8| to 12 lines. Inhabits the Kasyah hills and Assam. In the Collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope. Observation. — This cm-ious species, in its sectional character, comes near to L. metallifer Boisduval (Voy. de rAstrolabe) ; but its short palmated mandibles and transversely oblong-quadrate mentum, denticulate fore tai'si, glossy body, &c., at once distinguish it. FIGURE 3. LUCANUS MULTIDENTATUS. Westw. Lucanus castaneus, a;neo vix tinctus subnitidus ; sub lente minutissime punctatus; capite subquadrato antice emarginato vertice piano, mandibulis capite panim longioribus depressis, apice acutis et subcurvatis, intus multi- denticulatis, antennis longis nigris ; oculis integris rotundatis, mento subtriangulare, prothorace poue medium lateribus angulatis, tibiis omnibus angustis extus inermibus apice externo acuto. 18 ORIENTAL ENTOMOLOGY. Lucanus chestnutcoloured, very slightly tinged with brassy, rather glossy, and seen under a lens very delicately punctured, especially on the pronotum ; the head subquadrate, emarginate, depressed in front ; the ero\vn of the head smooth, and the sides not spined ; the mandibles rather longer than the head, flattened above, with the tips acute and incurved, the mner edge with about 12 minute teeth ; the antennjc long and black, the eyes entire and rounded, and the mentum sub-triangular ; the prothorax has the sides beyond the middle angulated ; all the tibia; are narrow, without any teeth on the outer margin, and with outer tip acute; (male). Length, including the mandibles, 1 J inch. Inhabits the East Indies. (Dr. MacClelland.) In the Cabinet of the Entomological Society. Observations. — This species, at first sight, nearly approaches L. Astacoides Hope (Linn. Trans, xviii. 590), MacCIellandi Hope (Annals N. Hist., xii. 366,) &c. But in the entire eyes, slender simple tibice in the males, &c., it comes much nearer to L. metallifer and platycephalus. The only specimen I have hitherto seen is in the collection of the Entomological Society; liberally presented, with numerous other Indian insects, by Mr. MacClelland, the talented editor of the Calcutta Journal of Natural History. FIGURE 4. LUCANUS INQUINATUS. Westw. Lucanus niger nitidus, capite transverso quadi-ato, antice subemarginato, lateribus punctatis et pone oculos sub- angulatis ; mandibulis (maris) capitis longitudine, gracilibus basi intus dilatatis denteque pone medium armatis, antennis brevioribus, oculis septo subdivisis, prothorace transverso lateribus punctatis angulis posticis rotmidatis, elytrorum singulo plaga magna sublaterali sanguineo-fulva inquinato. Lucanus black and glossy, with the head transverse-quadrate, subemarginate iu front, the sides punctured and beyond the eyes slightly angularly incised : the mandibles (of the male) as long .as the head, slender, dilated at the base witliin, and with a small tooth beyond the middle ; the antennae short, and the eyes subdivided by the septum ; tlie prothorax transverse convex, with the sides punctured and the hind angles roimded off ; each elytron has a large broad bloody orange-colom-ed streak, extending near the sides to the tips. Length of the male, including the man- dibles, 1 ^ inch. Inhabits India. Col. Whithill. In the Collection of the British Museum. Description. — The male has the fore tibise externally serrated with minute obtuse teeth, and with four rather more conspicuous ones, the apex produced and bifid ; the middle tibite with a very minute spine on the middle of the outer edge ; and the apex outwardly bidentate ; the inner edge near the tip has a strong semicircvilar incision, beyond which it is slightly dilated and spined, and the hind tibiffi in this sex are unarmed on the outer edge * ; the tip outwardly acute, and the inner edge at the tip dilated and bidentate. The female has similar fore tibise, except that the tip of the outer edge is dilated or subpalmate, with three or four small obtuse teeth ; and each of the four posterior tibiae has a small spine in the middle of its outer edges. The female has the head and mandibles small and very much punctui-ed. FIGURE 5. LUCANUS STRIGICEPS. Westw. Lucanus castaneus, eeneo-tinctus nitidus ; capite magno, quadrate, antice emarginato depresso vertice subplano, lateribus pone oculos strigosis, mandibulis capite dimidio longioribus, intus versus basin dente lato u-regulari, alio minuto medio, tertioque majori acuto ante apicera, antennis longis nigri.s, ocuUs globosis septo parum incisis, mento subtriangulari protlioracis laterilnis pone medium angulato-truncatis ; tibiis omnibus mai'gine extemo ineraiibus, apicibus acutls, intus cum tarsis subtus fulvo-setosis. Lucanus chestnut-coloured, with a brassy tmge and glossy ; the head large and quadrate, emarginato-depressed in front ; the crown of the head flattened, the sides behind the eyes with several impressed streaks ; the mandibles half as long again as the head, armed near the base within with a large irregular tooth, another small one ne.ar the middle and a thu'd larger and acute towards the tip ; the autennse long, black, and slender; the eyes globose, but slightly incised by the septum ; the mentum subtriangular ; the px-othorax with the sides straight, but beyond the middle obliquely angulated ; all the tibiae have the outer edge destitute of spines, the apex acute ; their inner edge, as well as the under side of the tarsi, clothed with short fulvous hairs ; (male). Length, including the mandibles, nearly li inch. Inhabits the Himalayas. In the Collection of A. Melly, Esq., and my own. Observations. — I am indebted to H. G. Harrington, Esq., for my specimen of this pretty species, which difl'ers fi-om every known insect in the family by the series of deeply impressed Unes behind the eyes. It approaches L. metallifer in several of its other characters, such as the long legs and antennffi, the large head and mandibles, and metaUic colouring. • By a mistake, the hind tibiae of the male m some impressions of the plates are represented as aimed with a minute spine. I U]. PLATE IX. (ORDER— LEPIDOPTERA. Section — Diurna. Family— rAraiONiD^, Leach.) A very slight acquaintance with any extensive tribe of animals discovers to the mind of the observer that, notwithstanding the isolation of species in nature, each indi\ndual in fact M'orking for its own indi\'idual ends, (except in the case of social species, where the members of one species work together in the sen-ice of the community,) there exists a certain degree of relationship amongst various species founded on their greater or less structural resemblance. TIuis it is, that, without in the slightest manner interfering with each other's habits, and not having the slightest connexion witli each other in respect to the ordinary objects of their existence, we admit a relationship between two species of butterflies, and affirm that thej'^ are more ueai'ly related to eacli other than a butterfly and a moth; and thus it is that we form a number of species, possessing certain characters in common, into orders, famihcs, genera, &e., established in all cases upon this kind of relationship, which is termed the affinity of different species. Another kind of relationship, however, occasionally presents itself to our notice, possessing great interest, and founded on the more partial resemblance of a species of one group with those of another, which is termed the analofpj of species. Thus, whilst the bat belongs to the Mammalia it has an analogy ^vith the liirds in its flying habits ; and thus Morpho Camadcva, {ante, plate A;) in its eye-like markings, resembles a pavonine bird. The insects on the accompanying plate present to us another variety of this analogical kind of relationship. In the structure of all those organs which have been selected for the characters of the genera of the Diurnal Lepidoiitera, they belong to the genus Papilio ; but in the form and colouring of their wings they so closely resemble some of the species of the genus Euploea, in a diSferent family, that Avithout careful examination they would be arranged amongst the latter.* FIGURE 1. & 1*. PAPILIO PARADOXUS. (Zelima Paradoxa, Zinken in Nov. Acta. Vol. XV. p. Ifi2, pi. 1.5, f. .0-10.) P,apilio alis mtegemmis, antieis oblongis, atro-CEeinileis fulgidissimis, fascia e strigi-s cyaneo-albicantibus parique miicularum antico serieque punctorum postiea albis ; posticis purpiirascenti-nigris punctis marginalibus obsoletis cjeruleis. Papilio with the wings very entire, the fore ones oblong and rounded on the outer margin, of a black-blue colour and very glossy, with two or tlu-ee white spots at the end of the discoidal cell, followed by a row of bluish white sti'eaks, and a submarginal row of small wliite spots; the hind wings purplish-black, with an obsolete row of blue spots. Expansion of the fore- wings, 3 J inches. Inhabits Java. In the Collection of the British Museum. Description. — The only specimen I have seen belonging to this species is a male in the Collection of the British Museum ; the face, ueck, and thorax are spotted with white, as are also the sides of the breast and abdomen : this specimen exhibits no trace (on the upper side) of the sub-marginal spots of the hind wings, which indeed Zinken describes as " obsoletis •" the four wings at the base beneath bear a small wliite dot, and the row of oblong streaks is reduced to oval spots, one of the series being wanting ; the last branch of the sub -costal vein arises at a short distance beyond the origin of the preceding branch. The general appearance of the insect is that of Euploea ]\Iidamus. • The investigation of these different kinds of relationships has, during the present centui'y, attracted much attention, especially from the writings of Messrs. MacLeay, Vigors, and Swainson. I may also refer to a paper by myself in the 18th Volume of the "Linniean Transactions." 20 ORIENTAL ENTOMOLOGY. FIGURE 2. & 2*. PAPILIO CAUNUS. Westw. Papilio alis intcgerrimis, anticis fusco-nigris cyaneo colore pone medium pamm tinctis, macula magna ad apicem serese discoidalis, strigisque tribus parvis approximatis, serieque submarginali punetorum alborum ; posticis nigro- fuscis cyaneo tinctisj area discoidali alba sti'igisque elongatis radiantibus cyaneo albicantibus, serieque submarginale punetorum alborum ; alis subtus fuscis maculis ut in pagina superiori dispositig. Papilio with the wings very entire, the fore ones of a black-brown colour slightly glossed beyond the middle with a pm'ple cyaneous tinge, with a large white spot at the extremity of the discoidal cell, below which are three short bluish-white streaks, the middle one longest, and a submarginal row of small white spots ; the hind wings are of the same colour as the fore ones, with the discoidal cell white, followed by a series of long bluish-white streaks, (the space between the anal and discoidal veins ha^nng the wliite most extended,) also with a submarginal row of white dots ; wings beneath fulvous brown, with white spots arranged as on the upper side ; (male.) Expansion of the fore wings nearly 4 inches. Inhabits Java (?) In the Collection of H. G. Harrington, Esq. Observations. — The only specimen I have seen of this supposed species is contained in Mr. Harrington's Collection, received from Dr. Becker as the female of the preceding insect. The specimen, however, is a male, and in general character, form of the wings, and arrangement of the veins, approaches closely to P. paradoxus. It is, however, far from being so brilhantly glossed with blue as in that species, and the distribution of the pale colour of the wings is different ; the maximum of pale colora- tion being within the discoidal cell, whereas in the foregoing sjjecies it is beyond it. There is, however, so much variation in these spotted insects, that I should not be sui'prised to find it ultimately resolved into a variety of P. paradoxus. FIGURE 3. PAPILIO ASTINA. Horsfield MSS. PapiUo alis anticis oblonge-dUatatis, mai-gine externo panmi emai-ginato, area discoidali valde elongata ; omnibus luteo-fuscis ; anticis raacvdis duabus ovalibus pone medium serieque submarginali punetorum alborum, posticis pai'vis, integris serie submarginali lunularum alb-arum ; alis subtus simiUter coloratis. Papilio with the fore wings oblongo-dilated, with the outer margin slightly emarginate in the middle, and the discoidal cell (in all the wings) very much elongated ; all the wings luteous-brown, the fore wings with two oval white spots beyond the middle, and a submarginal row of white spots, which are continued on the hind wings in the shape of hmules. The hind wings are small and entii-e ; all the wings beneath are similarly coloured and marked ; (female). Expansion of the fore wings, 3-J inches. Inhabits Java. (Dr. Horsfield.) In the Collection of the East India Company. Observations. — This insect was at first regarded as the female of P. paradoxus, but ha^dng been favoiu-ed by Dr. Horsfield with an opportunity of compai-ing his unique specimen with the male of that species in the British Museum, several distinguishing characters are found to exist, which seem sufficient to disprove such an opinion ; such, for instance, as the great length of the discoidal cell, the emission of the last branch of the sub-costal vein half-way from the extremity of the discoidal cell and especially the subemarginate form of the fore wings, whereas in the two males above described they have the outer margin rounded.* Hence Dr. Horsfield has proposed the name of Papiho (Zelima) Astina for tliis insect, which I have great pleasure in adopting. Papilio Lacedemon (Fabricius Ent. Syst. iii. 1, p. 36 j Donovan, Ins. Ind. pi. 17, fig. 3. Edit. Westw.) is nearly allied to this insect (as suggested to me by Mr. Edward Doubleday). Having compared Donovan's figure with Jones's original drawing, I am able to state that that species has a marginal row of triangular spots on the fore wings, in addition to the sub-marginal patches, and a sub- marginal row of black lunules on the hind wings beneath, varied with whitish and pale-greenish scales. I have not adopted the genus Zelima, as it presents no characters to distinguish it from Papiho. Tlie plant represented in the plate is the Begonia albo-coccinea. * In various other species it is the males which have the wings emarginate, whilst they are rounded in the females. w ♦ PLATE X. (ORDER— COLEOPTERA. Division— Pentamera. Family— Lucasid^, Leach.). FIGURE 1. LUCANUS MEARESII. Hope. (Ann. Nat. Hist. xii. 364. Cat. Lucan, p. 10.) Lucanus a;iieo-nigor, scricie lutescenti inilutus, mimclibulis valdc exsertis, graeilioribua et longioribus quam in L. Cervo, versus basiii intus dcnte obtuso subrcflexo, prope medium altcro armatis, apicibusque late furcatis ; clytris nigro-neneis nitidis et subtilissime punctulatis ; tibiis rubro-picois ; clvpeo conico dcflexo integro, fronte valde reHexo, capitis lateribus valde clcvatis, angulis posticis rotundatis. Vai'iat mas mandibulis inter basin plus rainusve denticulatis. Lueanus brassy-black, clotlied mtli a fine dirty buff pubescence, the mandibles very porrected and deflexed beyond tlie mi. Description. — Anterior wiugs very broad and rounded, pale greenish-yellow, the costa, except at the apex, ferruginons, sprinkled with cinereous atoms ; outer margin rufescent ; nejir the base a trans- verse narrow band of the same colour, darkest next the costa, and beyond the middle a very indistinct flexuous reddish streak, a large lunule at the end of the cell connected with the costal vitta, of the same colour with this at its origin, then much paler externally, nearly black internally, marked with a very delicate white line. Posterior wings of the same colour as the anterior, with very long tails, which are wrinkled at the extremity, sprinkled with ferruginous from the base nearly to the middle ; the outer margin of the wing, and of the basal half of the tail ferruginous. In the middle of the disc is a small black lunule dirided by a white line, from a nearly circular ocellus of a pale fulvous colour ; darkest towai'ds the base, between this and the margin, is a veiy obsolete waved striga. Below, the anterior wings want the basal striga, the costa is paler, the lunule is replaced by a trans- verse-ovate small fulvous ocellus, and the flexuous band is more distinct, as it also is on the posterior wings, which have the ocellus more distinct. Head and antennse pale. Thorax greenish-yellow, the front part broadly ferruginous, sprinkled with cinereous ; legs vinous-red, with pale spots. Abdomen pale greenish-yellow. Observations. — The accompanjdng figure of this very fine insect is copied fi-om a specimen kindly communicated for representation by W. W. Saunders, Esq., F.L.S., which difl'ers in some respects from Mr. Doubleday's description of the species, recently published. It belongs to the genus Actias, separated by Dr. Leach, which has for its types Bombyx Selene and B. Luna; from the former of these species it is distinguished by the much greater elongation of the tails, the difl'erently shaped wings, the large lunate mark on the fore wings, &c. This is certainly one of the finest of the recent additions to the list of oriental Lepidoptera; but I am informed that Dr. Boisduval possesses a species of this genus from Madagascar with much longer tails to the hind wings. 46 ORIENTAL ENTOMOLOGY. FIGURE 2. LEUCOPHLEBIA LINEATA. Westw. (Upper Figure.) Leucophlebia alls elnngatis integris anticis pallida puniceis, vitta lata mediana longitudinali albida, ramis vena; medisenae albis ; alis postiois fuhis, corpore elongato puniceo-albo, dorso fuseo. Leucophlebia with the wings long and entire, the fore ones pale pink, having a broad longitudinal stripe of yellowish buff dovm the middle (narrowest towards the base), with the branches of the median vein white ; hind wings dark fulvous ; body long, pinkish wliite ; brown in the middle of the back. Expansion of the fore wings 2 — 3J inches. Inhabits Central India, Assam, &c. In the Collections of the British Museum, Col. Hearsey, Capt. Boys and Westwood. (Communicated by Major Jenkins.) Obsekvations. — This beautiful insect appears to possess the characters of a distinct genus, in tlie classification of the exotic Nocturnal Heterocerous Lepidoptera ; its elongated body and wings give it an analogy with some of the Sphingidse, as well as to some of the prominent moths, especially to Leiocampa Dictcea ; the structure of the antennse of the male is verj' similar to that of the genus Smerinthus as well as Hammatophora bucephala, but they are more robust towards the tip, in the species before us, than in the latter insect. The veins of the fore wings are nearly arranged as in Leiocampa Dictcea, with the exception that the small branch emitted from the subcostal vein near the tip of the wing in the last named species, and in a great number of the allied British genera, is not perceived in the species before us, in which respect it also agrees with Smerinthus ; the antennje of the female are very short and simple, and the spiral tongue is rather elongated. The flower represented in the plate is the Chinese pink, Dianthus chinensis. 2.5 3-1 5c M' PLATE XXIII. (ORDER — COLEOPTERA. Section — Longicouxes. Family — TuitTUNOTOMiDi. Westw.) The first notice of the type of this very anomalous group of insects appeared in a note appended to a paper of mine in the Ibth number of the "Zoological Journal," (pubhshed in 1S30,) in which I regarded it as a connecting link between the Prionidse and Lucanida;, agreeing with the former in its general appearance, short trigonate advanced mandibles and moderately long antenna:, whilst in the internaUy produced structure of the three terminal joints of the antennae it agrees with Lucanus ; obsenang, moreover, that the joints of the tarsi are eylindric (as in the latter), but the insect is heteromerous ! Shortly afterwards a figure of the type Trictcuotoma Childi'cnii was pubhshed from a drawiug of mine in the plates to Griffith's edition of the "Animal Kingdom," and M. Guerin Mene\'ille also gave a figure of it in his " Magasin de Zoologie," pi. 35, with a notice by M. Dupont in which the position of the genus was considered to be " en tete des Longicornes, famille on, par tous ses rapports il entre tout naturellement." During the period which has since elapsed no further attempt has been made to investigate the affinities of the genus by an examination of its structural characters. Having, however, recently received a specimen of T. Childrenii from Assam by the kindness of Major Jenkins, and two other new and very distinct species having also been recently received in this country, I have submitted the whole to a careful investigation, the result of which is before the student in the accompanying plate. From the considerations derived from the structure not only of the mouth organs but also the position of the wing veins and numerical arrangement of the abdominal segments, I have no longer any hesitation in referring the insect to the section Longicornes, notwithstanding the internally produced terminal joints of the antennae (which is too trivial a character to be considered of high importance in limiting the groups), the heteromerous tarsi, and the structure of the organs of genera- tion. Moreover, its nearest affinities appear to be the Prionidse, especially in the poi-rected head and mandibles, moderately short antennae, slightly emarginate eyes, and wing veins. From these, however, it difi'ers in several respects, so that I have considered it more natural to regard it as the type of a distinct family, which may be thus characterised. TRICTENOTOMID^E. Westw. Head horizontal ; eyes transverse, slightly emarginate behind the base of the antennae ; labrum short, transverse; mandibles porrected, nearly alike in both sexes. Maxillae with the inner lobe scarcely produced, outer lobe long, narrow, and haiiy ; mentum broad, with the sides elevated ; labium short, bipartite ; antennae moderately long ; those of the males rather more elongated ; three terminal joints internally seiTated. Pronotiun with the hind margin lobed in the middle ; wings folded at about three- fourths of theii" length from the base ; abdomen with seven dorsal and five ventral segments ; the terminal dorsal segment in the male notched ; the terminal ventral segment in the same sex more deeply I 2 48 ORIENTAL ENTOMOLOGY. notched ; the last dorsal segment of the female elongate-conic and notched ; the last ventral segment in the same sex entire ; ventral surface of the sheath of the male organs deeply notched ; the latter furnished with two long slender horny filaments ; sheath of the o\dpositor of the female flattened and furnished with two slender hairy filaments; legs moderately long; all the tibice entire along the external margin, and with two minute apical spurs ; tarsi sub-cylindric, heteromerous, the underside of each joint clothed with a short velvety pad ; body more or less clothed with a delicate pubescence. The family consists at present of the single genus Trictenotoma, of which I have now the pleasure to describe three species. FIGURES I & 2.— Species 1. TRICTENOTOMA CHILD RENII. G. R. Gray in Griflf. An. K. pi. 5 & 5*. 3. Trictenotoma nigra, supra undique griseo-luteo pubescens, mandibulis (in utroque sexu) subfalcatis, antennis pedibus maculisque duabus elevatis prouoti nigris hujus lateribus sub-angulatis, scutello triangiilari. Trictenotoma blael;, covered on the upper surface ■nitU luteous-grey pubescence, the mandibles (in both sexes) subfalcate, antennse, legs, and two elevated spots on the pronotum, black ; the sides of the latter somewhat angulated ; and the scutellum triangular. Length of the insect 11 to 2 J inches. Inhabits various pai-ts of India. In the Collections of the British Museum, Zoological Society, Hope, Pan-y, Westwood, &c. PiGUKE 1. The female of the natural size; la, the last ventral segment of the abdomen with the last dorsal segment extending beyond its extremity; lb, Ic, sheath of the ovipositor. Figure 2a, head of the male; 2b, maxiUa (1 cardo, 2 stipes, 3 mando, 4 squama palpigera, 5 galea, 6 palpus.) 2c, 2d, 2e, instrumenta labiaHa in difi"erent positions; 2 f under-side of abdomen of this sex; 2g, under-side of sheath; 2h, last dorsal segment of abdomen; 2i, upper side of sheath; 2 k, 21, inner sheath ; 2 m, male organ; 2 n, apex of ditto. FIGURE 3.— Species 2. TRICTENOTOMA TEMPLETONII. Westw. 1I0R.\ CYLINDRICA. Westw. CiiAB. Gen. — Genua novum Passandra; et Calodronio (ante, pi. 15, fig. 4, ."),) ma.xinie aSfinc ; corpus cylindricum, angustum ; caput antice canaliculatum, antenna; longitudine protlioracis, articulis C apicalibus sensiin latioribus interne 8eiTatis,mandibuiie intus obtuse dentatjc ; gena; subtus dilatata;, os lateraliter claudentes; maxillte lobo elongato simplici, lobo interno producto setose ; mentum transversum, labium majus, aiigulis anticis rotuudatis, in medio profunda eniarginato, palpi simplices. Elytra ad apicem longitudinaliter inipressa et cai-inata, pedes breves, calcaria prsesertim pedum anticorum, elongata ; tarsi distincte 5-articulati, simplices. Generic Character. — A new genus, nearly allied to Passandra and Calodromus (ante, pi. 15, fig. 4, 5) ; body cylindric, narrow ; head channelled in front ; antennic as long as the prothorax, with the six terminal joints gradually broader and interaally serrated ; mandibles inwardly obtusely dentate, checks dilated beneath, shutting in tlic sides of the mouth ; maxillaj with an elongated simple terminal lobe, and the inner lobe produced and setose ; mentum transverse, labium hu'ger, with the fore angles rounded and the middle deeply emargiuated, palpi simple. Elyti'a at the tips longitudinally chaunellcd and keeled, legs short ; spurs, especially of the fore legs, long ; tarsi distinctly 5-joiuted, simple. Prionophora nigra nitida, apicibus elytronim castanco-uigris ; capite et prothorace punctatis, punctis elongatis ; elytris striato-pmictatis, apice impressis, sutm-a cai'iniscjue tribus elevatis ; prostemo utrinrjue sub-exeavato pro receptione pedum anticorum ; metasterno canali abbreviato impresso. Prionophora black, shining, with the tips of the elytra chesnut-blaek ; the head and prothorax punctured, the punctures small, but elongated ; elytra striate-puuctatc ; the extremity of each impressed, the suture, margin and two carina! in the middle elevated and glossy ; prostemum impressed on each side for the reception of the fore legs ; metasternum with an abbreviated ehanuel in the middle. Length of the insect, 4 Unes. Inhabits India. In the Collections of the British Museum .ind the Linnrean Society. Figure G a, represents the head, seen in front ; 6 b, the head, seen beneath ; (5 c, the mandible ; 6 d, the maxillie ; 6 e, the mentum, &c. ; 6 /, the antennse ; 6 g, the under side of the metathorax and abdomen ; 6 //, the wing ; 6 i, the fore tibia and tarsus. FIGURE 7.— PETALOPHORA COSTATA. Westw. Char. Gen. — Genus novum inter Coleoptera Xylophaga anomalum, Ceryloni et Bitomse forsitan affine ; corpus subeylmdrieum, subelongatum ; caput parvum triangulare ; labrum semi-cii'culare ; mandibulaj subtrismgulares sub apicem dentibus 2 minutis armatse, medio marginis intemi membranaceo ; maxillae lobis duobus latis mem- braceis ciliatis ; mentum quadi'angulare antice parum angustimi ; labium par^'um apice rotundato ; palpi omnes simplices, apice acuminati ; antennae breves Il-articulatae, articulis 3 ultimis clavam magname larainis complanatis setosis, ultima maxima, formatis ; prothorax rugosus antice declivis ; elytra costata ; pedes breves, femoribus latis ; calcai'ia elongata, tai'si distincte 4-articulati simplices. Generic Character. — A new and anomalous genus among the Xylophagous Coleoptera, apparently allied to Cerylon and Bitoma ; body subcylindric and subelongated ; head small and triangular ; labrum semicircular, mandibles not porrected, subtriangular, .armed with two small teeth below the tip, the middle of the inner margin being membranaceous ; maxilla; with two broad membranaceous ciliated lobes ; mentum quadrangular, somewhat narrowed in front ; labium small, rounded at the tip ; all the palpi simple, with the tips somewhat acimiinate ; antennae short, 11-jointed, the three last joints forming a large laminated setose club, the first joint being very small, and tlie last joint very lai-ge and curved ; prothorax rugose, the anterior margin deflexed ; elytra costated ; legs short,femora broad, spurs elongated (especially in the fore legs) ; tarsi distinctly 4-jointed, simple ; pulvilli wanting. Petalophora nigra, piceo parum tincta, pedibus piceo-nigris ; capite punctatissimo ; pronoto inaequali punctate, margine antico deflexo ; utrinque canali impresso cum lateribus parallelo ; elytris irregulariter punctatis, singulo costis tribus longitudinalibus nitidis iustinicto. Petalophora black, slightly tinged with 'pitchy, with the legs pitchy black ; head very closely punctured ; pronotum uneven, punctm'ed witli the fore m.ai'gin deflexed, and fm'nished on each side with a longitudinal impressed ehamiel, parallel witli the lateral margin ; elytra irregiJarly punctured, each with tliree longitudmal raised shining ridges. Length of the insect, 4 lines. Inhabits the Island of Java, In the Collection of A. MeUy, Esq. 86 ORIENTAL ENTOMOLOGY. Figure 7 a, represents the fi'ont of the head, showing only the sides of the mandibles ; 7 b, the front of the body, seen sideways ; 7 c, the antennae ; 7 d, the labrum ; 7 e, the mandible ; 7 /, the maxilla3 ; 7 g, the mentum, &c. ; 7 h, the fore leg. FIGURE 8.— HELOTA MELLII. Wesiw. Helota, supra ffinea, lateribus cupreis, punctata et rugosa, tuborculisque elevatis elongatis nitidis, strias longitudiuales in elytris formantibus, his etiam maculis 4 elevatis fulvis distinctis ; antenuis piceo-flavis ; femoribus fulvis, apiee viridibus ; tibiis alternatim fulvis et piceis ; tarsis piceis, dimidio basali articuli ultimi fulvo ; corpore subtus pallide fulvo ; capite (nisi in medio collaris) et lateribus thoracis viridibus et punctatis. Helota, with the upper surface of the body brassy, the sides copper-coloured ; punctured and inigose ; and with elevated elongated shining tubercles which form longitudinal striae on the elytra ; the latter also marked with four raised fulvous round spots ; thighs fulvous, with the tips green ; tibite alternately fulvous and pitchy ; tarsi pitchy, basal half of the terminal joint of the tarsi fulvous ; body beneath pale fulvous ; the head, except in the middle of the neck, and the sides of the thorax green and punctured. Length of the insect, 4J lines. Inhabits Simlah, in Thibet. In the Collection of A. Melly, Esq. Observations. — The other species of the highly interesting and beautiful genus Helota, are — Sp. 2. H. Vigorsii, from Java, described and figured by Mr. MacLeay, in the Annulosa Javanica. Sp. 3. Helota Servillei, described and figured by Mr. Hope, in the Coleopterists' Manual, Part 3, p. 187, pi. 3, fig. 4, and details ; from Poonah, in the East Indies. Sp. 4. Helota Guerinii, described by Mr. Hope, in the same work, p. 188, but unfigiu-ed; from the East Indies, near Travancore, &c., also communicated to me by Colonel Hearsey. FIGURE 9.— APATETICA LEBIOIDES. Westw. Char Gen. — Genus novum inter Coleoptera necrophaga, Pterolomse maxime * affine ; caput latum antice angustius ; labrum trausversum angulis anticis rotundatis, medio emarginatum, margine antico membranaceo, ciliato ; mandibulte cornese, subfalcatEe, acutfe intus ciliatie, hand dentatae ; maxillae lobo externo lato brevi dense barbato, interno brevi, ciliato, inermi ; palpi maxillares breves filiformes ; articulis 2, 3, et 4 fere fequalibus ; mentum sub- quadratum ; labium breve latum, emarginatum, dense cihatum ; palpi breves simplices ; antennae elongatae sub- filiformes, articulis apicaUbus parum crassioribus ; prothorax latus transversus lateribus rotundatis elevatis ; margine postico supra basin scutelli parum transverse producto ; elytra subquadrata, subconvexa ; pedes elongati, graciles ; tarsi setosi, S-articulati, articulo 4to subbilobo ; antici breviores et latiores. Generic Character. — A new genus among the Necrophagous Coleoptera, most nearly allied to Pteroloma. Head wide, niirrowcd in front ; labrum transverse, with the anterior lateral angles rounded ; the middle emarginate ; the fore margin membranaceous and cihated ; mandibles cox*neous, somewhat sickle-shaped, acute at the tip, ciliated on the inner margin, not toothed ; maxillae, with the outer lobe broad, short, and densely bearded, inner lobe short, ciliated, miarmed ; maxillary palpi short, filiform, with the 2, 3, and 4 joints, of nearly equal size ; mentum subquadrate ; labium short, broad, emarginate, and densely ciliated ; palpi short, simple ; antennae elongate, somewhat filiform, with the apical joints slightly thickened ; prothorax broad, transverse, with the sides rounded and elevated, and the posterior mai'gin slightly transversely produced over the base of the scutellum ; elytra subquadrate, subconvex, rounded at the outer posterior angles ; legs long and slender ; tai-si setose, 5-jointed, the 4th joint subbUobed ; the anterior tarsi shorter and broader than the others. Apatetica, nigra, nitida, lateribus prothoraois fulvis, elytris ieneis ; capite et pronoto punctatis, illo inter antennas bi-impresso ; labro fulvo, mandibulis fulvo-piceis ; antennis fulvis ; elytris punctato-striatis ; femoribus seneis basi piceis ; tibiis tarsique fulvis ; corpore subtus nigro nitido, marginibus inflexis elytrorum seneis nitidis. Apatetica, black and shining, the sides of the prothorax fulvous, and the elytra brassy green, head and pronotum punetm'ed, the former with two impressions between the antennae ; labrum and antennae fulvous, mandibles pitchy- fulvous ; elytra punctate-striated ; thighs brassy-pitchy at the base ; tibife and tarsi fulvous ; body beneath, black and shining, with the inflexed margins of the elytra shining brassy green. Length of the insect, 4 lines. Inhabits the Himalayan region. In Mus. Westwood. I am indebted to H. G. Harrington, Esq., for my unique specimen of this interesting insect. Figure 9 a, represents the labrum ; 9 b, the mandible ; 9 c, the maxillae ; 9 d, the labium, &c. ; 9 e, the antennae ; 9 f, the fore tarsus ; Q g, one of the hind tarsi. * Dr. Erichson has had the rare tact to discover and demonstrate, in an article pubhshed in Wiegmann's Archives, that the singular genus Pteroloma (Holoenemis, SchilUug), placed by all preceding authors amongst the Carabidaj next to Nebria, belongs to tlie family SUphidae, near to Catops and Agyrtes. The insect above described fully confirms this relation of Pteroloma. Elaphropus Carahoides of Motchoulsky, Bull, Mosc. 1839, t. 5. fig. E. seems also to possess an affinity with these insects. PLATE XLII. (ORDER— LEPIDOPTERA. Section— Dicrxa. Family— Heucoxud.e.) FIGURE 1. HESTIA lASONIA. Westw. Hcstia alia sub-elongatis albis, nigro maculatis et venosis ; anticis tertia parte basali costte nigra, macula magna obliqua nigra per aroam discoidalem extensa, serieque macularum subovalium pono medium alee cum margine apicali baud parallela (anticis propioribus ai-ea; discoidali); posticis macula ovali nigra in medio arete discoidalis ; omnibusque ad apicem maculis ovalibus inter venas aliisque majoribus clavatis alternatis. Hestia, with the wings rather elongate, white, spotted and veined with black ; the anterior with the costa for one third of its extent from the base black, with a large black oblique spot exteuding across the discoidal cell, and a row of somewhat oval spots, variable in size, beyond the middle of the wing, not parallel with the apical margin (the spots towards the costa being nearer to the extremity of the discoidal cell) ; the hind wings with an oval black spot in the middle of the discoidal cell ; all the wings ha\Tng a row of elongate oval spots along the apical margin between the veins, which latter are marked at the extremity with an alteraating scries of larger spots, which are ela\'atc next the middle of tlie wing. Expansion of the fore wings, 5 J inches. Inhabits the Island of Ceylon. In the Collection of R. Templeton, Esq., R.A. (also in the British Museum). Observations.— The two species of this geuus, figured in Plate ;37, ^^ill be at once perceived to difiFer from the one here represented in the position of the row of spots beyond the middle of the fore wings ; in the former species, tliese spots form a nearly straight row, but in the present species, as well as in H. Lyncea, they form an angulated line, those nearest the fore margin of the wing being nearer to the body of the insect. How far this may be a good specific character, must be left for time (or, more properly speaking, the possession of an extensive series of specimens of these insects from dift'erent localities) to determine. It is doubtless, in some degree, dependent on the form of the apical angle of the wing, and this form of the wing, as a specific character, cannot at present, I beheve, be fully relied upon. That the form of the wing varies in some butterflies according to the localities of the individuals, is unquestionable ; and if this should be ascertained to be the case here, I think it may possibly be followed by the discovery that all the supposed species of Hestia are only so many local or geogi-aphical sub-species of one real species. FIGURE 2. (Section — Crepcscularia. Family — Sphingid^.) SPHINX (ACHERONTIA) LETHE, Westw. Sphinx aUs anticisfuscis plumbeo in-oratis, nigroque variegatis et undatis, basi apiceque luteo ferrugineoque magis variis, stigmate parvo albo, undulis albis seu albidis pone medium ad costam magis conspicuis ; alis posticis fulvis, b.isi, fascia lata media (luteo submaculata) fasciaque lata mai-ginali nigro-fuscis, mai-gine ipso luteo submaculato ; corpore fusco thorace supra plumbeo uti'inque strigis duabus nigi-icantibus, dorso facie valde variegata picto, fronte et naso albis, oculis nigris, auribus nigricantibus, genis griseis, ore lato undato ferrugineo barbaque nigricanti gi-iseo parum irrorato ; abdomine supra fusco, segmentis in medio plumbeo maculatis, lateribusque luteo maculatis ; pedibus latis, fulvo annulatis. Spliinx with the fore wings brown, irrorated with leaden-coloured scales and variegated «-ith black markings, and undulated streaks ; the base and especially the extremity of the wing^more varied with luteous and ferruginous, stigma small and white, a double series of white or whitish undulations beyond the middle of the wing, more conspicuous 88 ORIENTAL ENTOMOLOGY. next the costa, hind wings fulvous ; with the base, a central broad fascia (occasionally slightly spotted with luteous), and a broad apical margin blackish-brown, the margin itself with a row of small luteous spots ; body brown varied with luteous, thorax above leaden-coloured, with two rich brown streaks on each side ; the face upon the back much more varied in its colours than in the other species of this sub-genus, the forehead and nose very slender, wliite or whitish ; eyes black, ears rich brown, cheeks leaden, mouth very wide and waved ferruginous, moustachios and beard blackish-brown, slightly grey ; upper side of the abdomen brown, each segment with a large central leaden- coloured spot and with a lateral luteous spot; legs broad, annulated with fulvous. Expansion of the fore wings of the female, 5 inches. Inliabits various parts of the East Indies, Ceylon, &c. Communicated by Col. Hearsey and R. Templeton, Esq. Syn. Acherontia Satanas ? Bdv. Hist. Nat. Lep. PI. 16, fig. 1. (fig. parva, sme descriptione). Observation. — This species seems closely allied to the East Indian Sphinx Lachesis Fabr., espe- cially in its dark hind wings ; but the character " abdomine nigro flavo fasciato," will not agree with the insect here figured. I possess a manuscript reference of this Fabrician insect to Sphinx ("morti signalis, Cr. xx. — 237,") by the late Professor Weber of KeU. FIGURE 3. SPHINX (ACHERONTIA) STYX. Westw. Sphinx alls anticis fuscis, plumbeo irroratis nigroque variegatis et undatis, apiceque luteo et ferrugineo magis variis, stigmate parvo luteo, undulis albidis pone medium ad costam magis conspieuis ; alis posticis fulvis, fasciis duabus nigricantibus : Ima, angusta mediana; 2nda, utrinque dentata submarginali ; corpore fusco, thorace supra lateribus plumbeis utrinque strigis duabus nigris ; figura dorsali faciei coloris fusci fere uniformis, ocuUs parvis nigris, postice lunula nigra (striam curvatam plumbeam includente) cincta ; abdomine fulvo ; segmento singulo macula parva quadrata plumbea dorsah iucisurisque fuscis ; pedibus angustis luteo annulatis. Sphinx with the fore wings brown, irrorated mth leaden-coloured scales and variegated-and waved with black, the extremity of the wing being more varied with luteous and ferruginous ; stigma small and luteous and with a double row of whitish undulated streaks beyond the middle of the wing, most conspicuous next the costa ; hind wings fulvous with two blackish fasciae, the fii-st n.arrow and central, the second toothed on each side and sub-mar- ginal ; body bro\™, upper stu-face of the thorax leaden-colom'ed at the sides, «ith two black streaks on each side, the dorsal face-like mark nearly of an imiform dull reddish-brown colour, with two small black eyes, posteriorly margined by a black lunule including a slender leaden-coloured curved line ; abdomen fulvous, each segment with a small square dorsal leaden spot and with the articulations brown ; legs narrow, annulated with luteous. Expansion of the fore wings, 4^ inches. Inhabits the East Indies. Communicated by Col. Hearsey. Observations. — This species is most neai-ly allied to Sphinx Atropos, but differs from it in its smaller size, in the uniform colour of the face-like marking on the back of the thorax, and in the slenderness of the limbs. The plant represented in the Plate is the Javanese Orchidaceous AcMLthophippium Javanicum. ^^- EAJ