Nartli (Earnltna &tatp 
 
 This book was presented by 
 
 R. K. Godfrey 
 
 q;kiio 
 
 G72 
 1897 
 5rJ. 
 
 TT 
 
 NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES 
 
 iilllllllllllll,,, 
 
 S01897914 $ 
 
QXiij 9629-? 
 
 'j'^S This book may be kept out TWO WEEKS 
 
 1897 ONLY, and is subject to a fine of FIVE 
 
 V.l J CENTS a day thereafter. It is due on the 
 
 ot.l day indicated below: 
 
 12 
 
 k22 
 
 -;| 19 Nov 
 
 AUG 2 1363 
 
 ^^^^ 1965 
 DEC 1 5 I96[ 
 
 5M— D47— Form 8 
 
 1966 
 
SYNOPTICAL 
 
 FLORA OF NORTH AMERICA 
 
 Vol. I. — Paet I. 
 Fascicles I and II. 
 
 POLYPETAL/E KHOM THE IvANUNCULACE^ TO THE Poi.YGALACEJ-:. 
 (TllALAMIKLOH.E KT DlSCIFI.OK^E.) 
 
 By ASA GRAY, LL.D., 
 
 LATE FISHEK PROFESSOli OF NATURAL HISTORY (bOTANY) IS HARVARD UNIVERSITY. 
 
 AND OTHERS. 
 
 Edited by 
 BENJAMIN LINCOLN ROBINSON, Ph.D., 
 
 CURATOR OF THE GRAY HERBARIUM OF HARVARD UNIVEICSITV. 
 
 1895-1897. 
 
 NEW YORK, CIXCIXNATI. AND Oil I(" AGO: 
 
 AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY. 
 
 CAMBRIDGE, MASS.: CAMBRIDGE BOTANICAL SUPPLY COMPANY 
 
 LONDON: WM. WESLEY & SON, 28 ESSEX ST., STRAND. 
 
 LEIPSrC: ORV/ALD WEIGEL 
 
Fascicle!. 
 
 Ranunculace^ to Fkaxkkniace^k (pages i-ix, and 1-208). 
 Issued Octouei- 10, 1895. 
 
 Copyright, 1895, 
 
 By the President and Fellows of Harvard Collkge. 
 
 Fascicle II. 
 
 Caryoi'hyllace^ to Polygalace^ (pages x-xv, and 208-."<oti). 
 Issued June 10, 1897. 
 
 Copyright, 1S97, 
 Uy the President and Fellows of Harvard Colleuk. 
 
 2Snib£rsitg iSrtss : . 
 John Wilson and Son, CAMBBin(;K. U.S.A. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 Of the Synoptical Flora of North America Dr. Gray published, 
 in 1878, Volume 11. Part 1, comprising the gamopetalous ordei-s after 
 the Composite^, and following rather closely, in the sequence and limita- 
 tion of orders, Bentham & Hooker's Genera Plantaruim. The object 
 in thus beginning with the second portion of the work was to monograph 
 first such orders as had not been treated in Torrey & Gray's Flora of 
 North Aisierica.. This earlier work, published Ijetween 1838 and 1843, 
 included the polypetalous orders of North America and the Gamo'pctalcD 
 through the Compositce. In planning the Synoptical Flora, Dr. Gray 
 left the orders thus treated to form the subject matter of Volume I. In 
 1884, he published Part 2 of tliis first volume, incluchng the GamopctalcK 
 from the Caprifoliacece through the Compositce. In 1886, the two por 
 tions, thus published, were revised and amplified by Dr. Gray, and 
 reissued by the Smitlisonian Institution. K \ S c e \\ a \v (. o \a ^ ^ \ • V . "^ \ 
 
 In his last years Dr. Gray was engaged in monographing the earlier 
 polypetalous orders for Volume I. Part 1. In this work he had finished 
 at the time of his death most of the orders to, but not including, the 
 Leguminosce. The treatment of several large groups, however, sucli as 
 the CrucAfcrcv^ CaryopkyUacece, Hypericaceoe, Rhamnacece^ &c., liad for 
 various reasons been deferred. After Dr. Gray's death tlie AAork was 
 continued by Dr. Sereno Watson, who prepared eleven genera of the 
 Cruclferce, including several of the largest and most diilieult of tlie order. 
 After the death of Dr. Watson, in 1892, the work was intrusted to the 
 present editor. 
 
 The time which has necessarily elapsed since the inception of the work 
 by Dr. Gray and the very considerable botanical activity throughout our 
 
iv TKEFACE. 
 
 country have made it necessary to annotate and to some extent to revise 
 the portions written by Drs. Gray and Watson. Every effort, however, 
 has been made to indicate the place and extent of such alterations, and, 
 wherever consistent with the brevity necessary in the work, to show the 
 nature of the original manuscript and reason for change. Both Dr. Gray 
 and Dr. Watson, in the course of theii- i)reparation of the present work, 
 issued from time to time preliminary papers, such as their revisions of 
 the genera Ranunculus, Delphinium, Asimina, Viola, Lesquerella, Draha, 
 &c., so that their views upon these groups are already to a considerable 
 extent known to science. The editor has therefore felt somewhat greater 
 liberty in revising the manuscript of such groups in the light of later 
 literature and recent collections.. All species of wliich the names or 
 descriptions have been altered in any way, as well as recent species 
 which have been inserted by the editor, are marked with the asterisk (*). 
 The authorship of the different groups is indicated at the beginning of 
 each order. For additional clearness in the Cruciferce, the authorship is 
 also given in each genus. 
 
 In the citation of authorities and of literature, as well as in the matter 
 of nomenclature, the present issue has been made as far as possible to 
 conform to the portions of the work already published. Well known 
 generic names have in some cases been conserved on the ground of usage, 
 notwithstanding technical lack of priority. This is especially the case 
 with names which have received the recent indorsement of the botanists 
 of Kew and Berlin. In the matter of specific names, the aim has been 
 to follow the so-called Kew Rule, except where it leads to indefiniteness. 
 The recent efforts .to place botanical nomenclature upon a different basis 
 have led to the hasty restoration in American botany of a considerable 
 number of names, such as Ncckeria, Capnorchis, Bcurera, &c., which have 
 been again as quickly abandoned. The detailed citation of these names, 
 ■and the numerous combinations to which they have led, forms no part of 
 Dr. Gray's original plan, shown by the following words from his fu-st 
 Preface : " Compactness being essential, only the leading synomymy and 
 most important references are given, and these briefly." An effort has 
 been made, however, to cite as synonyms such names as are at present 
 indorsed by the Rochester and Madison Rules, and are included in the 
 
PREFACE. V 
 
 recently issued ' List of Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta growing with- 
 out cultivation in Northeastern North America,' that is, if such names 
 do not coincide with those in the text. 
 
 A second fascicle of the Flora will be issued at an early date, includ- 
 ing the remaining polypetalous orders to the Zeguminosce. To complete 
 Dr. Gray's manuscript of this second portion of the work the following 
 specialists have most kindly consented to co-operate with the editor : 
 President J. M. Coulter {Hypericacece)^ Professor Wm. Trelease (Linacece, 
 Uicinece, Geraniacece^ Ehamnacecv, and Celastracece), and Professor L. 
 H. Bailey {Vitacece). For temporary convenience a generic index is 
 appended to the present issue, but the second fascicle will contain a full 
 specific and synonymic index, as well as title page for both parts, which 
 may be conveniently bound together. 
 
 It is a pleasure to acknowledge the cordial support and friendly 
 assistance of the botanists throughout the country, who, by contributing 
 valuable specimens and notes, have added greatly to the fulness and 
 accuracy of the present work. The names of such contributoi-s are 
 frequently mentioned in the text, and to all heartfelt thanks are here- 
 with tendered. For permission to make free use of the rich collections 
 and libraries of Columbia College, the Pliiladelphia Academy of Natui*al 
 Sciences, the Department of Agriculture, and the National Museum, the 
 editor is especially indebted to Professor N. L. Britton of New York 
 City, the late John II. Redfield, Esq., Messrs. Thomas Meehan and 
 Stewardson Brown, of Philadelphia, and Mr. F. V. Coville, of Washing- 
 ton, respectively. Specimens of various difficult groups have also been 
 lent by Professor John Macoun, Government Naturalist of Canada, and 
 Mr. J. M. Macoun, Curator of the Government Herbarium at Ottawa, 
 by Professor L. H. Pammel, of the Agricultural College, Ames, Iowa, 
 Professor W. W. Bailey and Mr. J. F. Collins, of Brown Univei-sity, 
 as well as from the extensive private collections of Messrs. J. Donnell 
 Smith, W. M. Canby, Mr. and Mrs. T. S. Brandegee, Messrs. Walter 
 Deane, E. L. Rand, and Theodor Holm, to all of whom grateful acknoM 1- 
 edgment is made. The labor of preparing for press the manuscript of 
 the present issue has been greatly lightened by the very efficient, and 
 painstaking clerical and bibliographical work of Miss Mary A. Day, 
 
librarian of the Gray Herbarium. Regarding the material support ^^'llicll 
 has made it possible to continue tins work, it is a pleasure again to 
 express grateful appreciation of the liberality of the ' Visiting Commits 
 tee of the BoUinic Garden and Herbarium of Harvard University.' 
 
 THE EDITOR." 
 
 Cambridge, September, 1895. 
 
SYNOPTICAL 
 FLORA OF NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 CLASS I. DICOTYLEDOKES ANGIOSPERME^. 
 Division L POLYPETALOUS DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS. 
 
 Pehianth of both calyx and corolla, the latter of separate petals. 
 (Exceptions numerous, especially by the absence of the petals, rarely by 
 their union.) 
 
 General Key to the Orders. 
 
 * Thalamiflor^. Stamens free from the calyx and ovary, hypogynous 
 (epigyuous in some Nymphceaceee ; perigynous in some Resedace<Sj and iu 
 the genus Eschscholtzia) : ovary superior : receptacle usually small, rarely 
 developed into a discoid expansion {P<xonia, and some Capparidacete), or 
 glandular {Resedacece), occasionally elongated and columnar or (iu Ntjm- 
 phceacece) much enlarged, cup-like, and enclosing the carpels. 
 
 4- Stamens free, usually indefinite, when definite opposite the inner divisions 
 of the perianth. Carpels solitary or distinct (cohering in the MnynoUarcce, 
 and embedded in the fleshy receptacle or sometimes connate in the Niini- 
 phceacece). 
 
 1. RANUNCULACE^. Sepals 3 to 5 (rarely more numerous or indefinite), often 
 petaloid. Petals as many, alternating with the sepals, or wanting. Stamens 
 usually numerous ; anthers innate. Carpels distinct, often numerous, sometimes 
 solitary, in fruit achenial, follicular, or rarely baccate. Ovules 1 to several, anaN 
 ropous. Seeds not arillate ; albumen tough or horny ; embryo minute. Herbs 
 or shrubby climbers. • • 
 
 2. MAGNOLIACE^. Leaves simple, alteruate, pirinately veined. Flowers usually 
 large. Sepals and petals imbricated in 3 or more series, usually indefinite and 
 passing into each other. Stamens with rare exceptions indefinite. Carpels cdlu-r- 
 ing in a conical dry or somewhat fleshy fruit. Embryo small. Trees and shrubs, 
 rarely climbing. 
 
ii GENERAL KEY TO THE POLYPETALOUS ORDERS. 
 
 ANOXACE^. Leaves simple, alternate, pinnately veined, exstipulate. Sepals 3, 
 valvate, often coriaceous. Petals 6 in 2 dissimilar series. Stamens indefinite ; 
 anthers extrorse. Carpels free or more or less coalescent at maturity. Ovules 1 
 to several, anatropous. Seeds large, usually transverse in the piilpy fruit. Small 
 trees or shrubs. 
 
 MENISPERMACEvE. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, usually palraately veined 
 or lobed. Flowers small, dioecious, 3-4-merous. Floral envelopes imbricated in 
 bud. Sepals, petals, and stamens commonly biseriate, 6 (or more) of each. 
 Carpels 3 to 6, distinct, uniovulate, berry-like but drupaceous in fruit. Putanieu 
 with a curved cavity. Seeds with scanty albumen and elongated crescent-shaped 
 or annular embryo. Woody climbers. 
 
 BERBERIDACEiE. Leaves alternate, stipulate or with a stipule-like dilation at 
 the base of the petioles. Floral envelopes imbricated in bud. Sepals, petals, and 
 stamens commonly (i, in two series each, the petals opposite the sepals and stamens 
 (sepals uniseriate in Jeffersonia). Anthers dehiscing by uplifted valves (except in 
 Podophyllum). Carpel single; ovules anatropous. Seeds with albumen ; embryo 
 straight or nearly so. Shrubs or herbs. 
 
 NYMFPLEACE.E. Leaves cordate or peltate, involute in vernation. Flowers 
 solitary, axillary, pedunculate or scapose. Sepals 3 to 4 or 6. Petals when definite 
 of the same number, but usually indefinite and numerous, imbricated in several 
 spiral series, often intergrading with the sepals or stamens. Stamens except in 
 the Cabombece indefinite and numerous. Carpels 3 to many, indehiscent, free or 
 immersed in a fleshy receptacle or more or less coalescent into a fleshy fruit. 
 Ovules solitary and pendulous or covering the walls of the cell, not springing 
 from the ventral suture. Seeds arillate or not, with or without albumen. Em- 
 bryo with thickish cotyledons, sliort radicle, and well developed plumule. Aquatic 
 herbs. 
 
 -t- -i- Carpels 2 to many, more or less completely united (distinct at maturity 
 in Platystemon) ; ovary unilocular with parietal placentae or divided by a 
 false partition or more rarely completely several-celled with axial pla- 
 centaj {Sarraceniacece, and sometimes in Papaveracecc, Capparidaceie, and 
 Bixacece). 
 ++ Stamens free, numerous (sometimes subdefinite in Platystigma) : sepals 2 
 to 5, imbricated : petals equal in number or more numerous, alike, rarely 
 wanting : seeds exalbuminous with minute embryo near the hilum : flowers 
 regular : leaves alternate or radical. 
 
 SARRACENTACEiE. Sepals 5, ]iersistent. Petals (in ours) .5. Anthers versar 
 tile. Style (in ours) dilated at the summit and pentagonal or 5-fid. Ovary (in 
 ours) 5-locular. Bog plants with tubular trumpet-shaped or ewer-formed leaves 
 (phyllodia). 
 
 PAPAVERACE-S]. Sepals 2 to 4, caducous. Petals usually more numerous. 
 Anthers innate. Ovary unilocular or rarely many-celled by the intrusion of the 
 placentaj-bearing sutures. 
 
 ++ -H- Stamens definite, usually 6, diadelphous or tetradynamous : carpels 2 : 
 herbaceous or rarely suffrutescent plants with alternate leaves. 
 
GENERAL KEY TO THE POIATETALOUS ORDERS. LX 
 
 9. FUMARIACE^. Flowers dimerous, or uiisymmetrical. Sepals 2. Petals 4, 
 (in ours) erect and connivent in two dissimilar pairs. Stamens (in ours) C, in 
 two groups of 3 each. Ovary 1-celled. 
 
 10. CRUCIFER/E: Flowers regular (except sometimes in Slre.ptanlhus). Sepals 4. 
 Petals 4, rarely wanting. Stamens (J (rarely 4, or only 2), tetradynaraous. Ovary 
 with few exceptions 2-celled by a false partition. Seeds with embryo usually 
 folded. 
 
 ++++++ Stamens indefinitely numerous or subdefinite but not diadelphous 
 nor tetradjnamous: seeds reniform, exalbuminous, with curved embryo; 
 cotyledons incumbent : leaves alternate, often palmate or dissected. 
 
 11. CAPPARIDACExE. Floral envelopes 4-raerous, usually regular. Stamens 6 to 
 many. Ovary 1-celled (2-celled in Wislizenia and Oxystylis), often stipitate, with 
 2 or rarely more parietal placentae. Leaves entire or more commonly pakuately 
 compound. 
 
 12. RESEDACE^E. Flowers small, irregular. Sepals herbaceous, 4 to 7 (or 8), 
 more or less unequal. Petals 2 to 6, commonly cleft or toothed. Stamens 3 to 
 many, unsymmetrical, or declhied, somewhat i^erigynous or borne upon an oblique 
 discoid expansion of the torus. Capsules 3-6-lobed, 1-celled; placentae 3 to (1. 
 Introduced herbs, with entire dentate or laciniate leaves. 
 
 ++ +H- ++ ++ Stamens indefinitely num»irous or definite ( Violacece) : seeds 
 albuminous and with rather large embryo (except in Canellacece). Fruit 
 when dehiscent splitting between the placent.ie : leaves undivided or rarely 
 palmately lobed, opposite or alternate : stipules often present. 
 
 13. CIST AC E^. Flowers regular, 3-5-merous. Stamens usually numerous, free; 
 anthers introrse. Ovary 1-celIed or imperfectly septate ; placentas parietal, 3 to 5. 
 Ovules orthotropous. Leaves entire. Usually low shrubby plants. 
 
 14. VIOLACEiE. Floral envelopes 5-merous, irregular. Stamens 5; filaments 
 short or none ; the subsessile anthers connivent or connate by the union of their 
 prolonged connectives. Carpels 3. Style and stigma simple; ovary unicellular 
 with 3 placentae ; ovules anatropous. Fruit a 3-valved capsule. Ours all herbs. 
 
 15. CAXELLACEJE. Flowers regular. Sepals (in ours) 3 and petals 5. Stamens 
 monadelphous ; anthers cxtrorse. Ovary 1-celled ; carpels 2 to 4 ; fruit baccate. 
 Seeds campylotropous or anatropous. Trees with entire punctate aromatic leaves. 
 
 16. BIXACEiE. Flowers regular, perfect or unisexual. Sepals 2 to 6, in ours 5. 
 Petals as many, rarely tnore numerous or none, in ours 5. Stamens indefinite (in 
 certain foreign genera definite). Carpels 2 to many. Ovary 1-celled, or in ours 
 3-celleds ovules amplutropous or anatropous. Trees, shrubs (tropical) or ours 
 low herbs or scarcely shrubby, with alternate sometimes palmatifid leaves. 
 
 17. FRANKENIACE.E. Floral envelopes regular, perfect, 4-5(-G)-merous. C'alj-x 
 tubular, persistent. Petals unguiculate. Stamens 5 to many, free or slightly 
 connate at the base. Ovary 1-celled ; placentae 2 to 4 ; ovules anatropous. SaUne 
 herbs or low shrubs with opposite leaves and small flowers. 
 
 ^ ^_ -H- Carpels 2 to many (very rarely solitary), united ; ovary unicellular 
 or partially septate at the base or in most Ficoide<e. completely several - 
 colled ; placenta? axial or basal (in Fouquieria parietal but so strongly in- 
 
X GENERAL KEY TO THE POLYPETALOUS ORDERS. 
 
 truded as to appear axial in a septate ovary, in Mesemhryanthermim becoming 
 parietal through secondary changes in the ovary) : stamens mostly definite, 
 less frequently cc ; filaments free or slightly united at the base, hypogynous 
 or in many Ficoidece and the genus Fouquieria distinctly perigynous. 
 
 ++ Embryo (witli rare exceptions) peripheral and curved about more or less 
 copious albumen : herbs or rarely shrubs. 
 
 18. CARY^OPHYLLACE^. Flowers perfect or through abortion polygamo-dioe-. 
 cious, commonly dichlamydeous ; floral envelopes regular, 4-.5-merous. Calyx either 
 gamosepalous (Tribe I.) or of distinct sepals. Petals as many as the sepals or 
 calyx-lobes (rarely fewer or none), either unguiculate and often coronate (Tribe I.) 
 or sessile and uuappendaged, either entire or more or less deeply bifid or laciniate. 
 Stamens as many or twice as many as the petals or rarely of some irregular num- 
 ber but never more numerous. Carpels 2 to 5; styles distinct or (Tribe III.) 
 united below ; ovary free, completely unilocular or partially septate from the base ; 
 embryo curved about the albumen (straight in Dianthus and Tunica). Leaves 
 opposite or verticillate, entire or nearly so. Scarious stipules sometimes present. 
 
 19. FICOIDECE. Calyx regular, persistent (in N. American species), 4-5-lobed or 
 -divided, free or more or less adnate to the ovary. Petals (modified stamens) 
 in Mesembnjanthemum numerous, narrow, in other X. American genera wanting. 
 Stamens either hypogynous or perigynous, few or many, when as many as the 
 calyx-divisions alternate with them, when numerous often slightly united near the 
 base into phalanges. Cells of the ovary (except in Cypselea and sometimes in 
 Trianthema) 2 or more, with as many styles or free stigmas; placentae axial or 
 basal, but in most species of Mesemhryanthemum soon appearing parietal through a 
 strong secondary radial or at length cupulate development of the base of the 
 ovary. Fruit capsular or (in Tetragonid) indehiscent. Leaves opposite (when 
 often unequal), pseudoverticillatei or (in Telragonid) alternate. Scarious stipules 
 sometimes present. 
 
 20. PORTULACACE^. Flowers regular or nearly so, perfect. Sepals (except in 
 some species of Lewisia) 2, free or more or less adnate to the ovary, mostly ovate 
 or orbicular. Petals mostly 5, sometimes fewer or none, very rarely more numer- 
 ous, free or sometimes (in Montia, Calyptridium, and Calandrinia) more or less con- 
 nate at the base, often deliquescent or fugacious. Stamens as many as the petals 
 and opposite them or sometimes more numerous and indefinite, but rarely fewer. 
 Ovary superior or (in Portulaca) half inferior, 1-celled ; stigmas (2 to) 3 ; ovules 
 (1 to) 3 to oc, on central placentae. Fruit a circumscissile or (2-)3-valved capsule. 
 Leaves entire, opposite (rarely whorled) or alternate, often fleshy. Stipules when 
 present scarious, often laciniate. 
 
 ++ ++ Seeds hairy or wing-appendaged, with straight embryo and little or no 
 albumen. 
 
 21. TAMARISCINEJD. Flowers regular, perfect (rarely in foreign species dioe- 
 cious). Sepals 4 or 5, distinct or nearly so, imbricated. Petals as many, free or 
 (in Fouquieria) united into a 4-5-lobed tube. Stamens (4 to) .5 or 10 orcc, inserted 
 beneath and outside of a hypogjaious or nearly hj-pogynous disk. Ovary free, uni- 
 locular, but in Fouquieria almost divided by the strongly intruded placentae ; styles 
 and valves of (he capsule 3 to .5. 
 
RANUNCULACE.E. 1 
 
 <h 
 
 Order I. RANUNCULACE^E. 
 
 By a. Gray. 
 
 [Descriptions of species and varieties of recent publication, which have been inserted, a.s well as 
 those modified by the editor, in the light of literature and collections suVisequent to the preiiaratioii 
 of the original manuscript, are market 1 by asterisks (*).] 
 
 Herbs, or some woody plants, with acrid colorless juice. All the parts of tlic 
 flower distinct and free (hypogynous, except Pceoniece), with carpels not uncom- 
 monly and stamens mostly indefinitely numerous, even the sepals or petals some- 
 times more than the normal four or five, the former very often petaloid, the 
 latter in a large majority of the genera either wanting or rudimentary or con- 
 verted into nectaries. Anthers continuous with the filament. Ovules solitary or 
 several, anatropous. No disk nor arillus except in the last tribe. Seeds con- 
 taining a hard albumen, with a minute or small embryo at its base : cotyle- 
 dons usually very short. Base of petiole commonly dilated and thin, often 
 stipule-like. 
 
 Tribe I. CLEMATIDE^E. Sepals (normally 4) valvate in the bud, the margins 
 often induplicate. Petals none or small, transitional into stamens. Stamens 
 numerous, with adnaLe anthers. Carpels numerous in a head, long-styled, in fruit 
 akenes. Seed suspended : rhaphe dorsal. Herbs, or when cliiuV>ing often woody, 
 with leaves all opposite ! 
 
 1 . CLEMATIS. Essentially the only genus. 
 
 Tribe II. ANEMONEiE. Sepals few or numerous (3 or 4 to 20), imbricated in 
 the bud, petaloid, or at least not green. Stamens for the most part indefinitely 
 numerotis. Carpels numerous, or occasionally few, capitate or spicate, one-ovuled, 
 in fruit akenes or utricles. Herbs, with alternate leaves, or with uppermost 
 opposite or whorled, never climbing. {AnemonecB and Ranunculem of authors.) 
 * Petals none, rarely some petaloid sterile stamens (staminodes) : ovule and seed suspended : 
 
 rhaphe dorsal. 
 -1— Cauline or involucral leaves opposite or whorled : peduncles solitary or umbellate, one- 
 flowered : sepals petaloid : fruit of true akenes. 
 
 2. ANEMONE. Stigma introrse-unilateral from the .<!nmmit of the subulate or filiform 
 style. Leaves compound or dissected ; cauline ones or involucre distant from the flower. 
 
 3. HEPATICA Stigma introrse-unilateral on the short subulate style. Involucre close to 
 the flower aud simulating a trisepalous calyx . true leaves only radical and simply lobed. 
 
 4. ANEMONELLA. Stigma strictly terminal, broad and depressed, at flowering time 
 subsessile. Akenes terete, angulate-costate, 4 to 1."), on a small receptacle. Radical le.aves 
 and involucre compound, the latter subtending an umbel of flowers. 
 
 -»— -I— All the leaves alternate, none involucral • inflorescence ]>aiiiculate, cymo.se, or racomo.sc : 
 flowers more commonly unisexual : akenes sometimes ntricnlar. 
 
 5. THALICTRUM. Sepals completely or incompletely petaloid. Akenes not very mi- 
 merou.^^, .sometimes few . receptacle small. Stigma unilateral on the style or sessile aiul 
 elongated. 
 
 * * Petals none : sepals petaloid, caducous : ovule and seed a.scending from near bH.«se of 
 the cell : rhaphe ventral : akenes utricular : leaves all alternate. 
 
 6. TRAUTVETTERIA. Sepals 3 to .5, broad, concave, imbricated in the bud. Stamens 
 nuHK^rons . filatinMis rl:iv:ilp initlifis didvinous, pointless. Utricuhu akenes 20 or more, 
 
 1 
 
2 KAXU^X'ULACE.E. 
 
 capitate on the short receptacle, flolabriform-quadrangular ami with a strong nerve or rib at 
 each angle, abruptly tipped by the sliort introrsely stigniatose and recurved or revolute style. 
 Seed not filling the cell. Enibryu one third the leugth of the firm fleshy albumen. 
 * * ♦ I'etals conspicuous and deciduous, or sometimes deformed or reduced to nectaries, 
 
 or occasionally wanting : sejjals 3 to 8, from herbaceous to petaloid : carpels numerous, 
 
 capitate or spicate, in fruit akenes or sometimes utricles. 
 
 -1— Ovule and seed suspended : rliaphe dorsal. 
 
 7. ADONIS. Sepals and (5 to 16) petals plane, unappeudaged. Stamens numerous. Akenes 
 capitate or short-spicate. 
 
 8. MYOSURUS. Sepals 5, produced dorsally into a spur or appendage at base. Petals as 
 many, small and narrow, raised on a tubular-nectariferous filiform claw, sometimes merely 
 staminodial or wliolly wanting. Stamens 5 to 20. Akenes very numerous, spicate on a 
 filiform receptacle, to which they are ventrally affixed, somewhat utricular, but the back 
 thickened and firm. 
 
 •1— -I— Ovule and seed ascending from the inner angle of the cell at or a little above the 
 base : rhaphe ventral. 
 
 9. RANUNCULUS. Sepals and petals plane, normally 5 ; the latter with a nectariferous 
 spot or pit within, on or above the claw, rarely reduced and glandular. Stamens numerous 
 or occasionally few. Carpels numerous in a head, rarely few, in fruit> coriaceous akenes, or 
 in some utricular. Calyx and corolla usually deciduous. 
 
 Tribk III. HELLEBOREiE. Sepals few or several, imbricated in the bud, petaloid, 
 mostly deciduous or caducous. Petals variously shaped and nectariferous, or 
 reduced to staminodes, or wanting. Cai-pels several, few, or solitary, bearing 
 from one to many pairs of horizontal ovules on the ventral suture, becoming 
 follicles or in two genera berries in fruit. Herbs (with one exception), with 
 alternate leaves. (Hellehorece and Cimicifugece of authors.) 
 
 * Ovules more than a single pair. 
 •*- Sepals only tardily deciduous, regular : petals inconspicuous nectaries, or slender, or 
 none : stigma introrse : flowers not racemose. 
 
 10. CALTHA. Sepals 4 to 10, broad, widely spreading. Petals none. Tollicles 5 to 15 
 (rarely fewer, or still more numerous). Ovules and seeds indefinitely numerous, in two rows . 
 rhaphe becoming almost wing-like. Leaves simple, cordate-rounded. 
 
 11. TROLLIUS. Sepals 5 to 20, broad, ascending and incurved or in ours spreading. 
 Petals 5 to 20, fleshy, ligulate or linear-spatulate, with a nectariferous pit on the inner face 
 above the short claw. Follicles 5 to 20, sessile. Ovules and seeds rather numerous in two 
 rows. Leaves palmately lobed or dissected. 
 
 12. ISOPYRUM. Sepals 5 or 6, broad, widely spreading Petals .5, small and nectariferous, 
 but wanting in American species. Follicles 2 to 20, .sessile, rarely short-stipitate. Ovules 
 and seeds several or numerous, or in one species reduced to 3. Leaves 1-3-ternatoly 
 compound. 
 
 13. COPTIS. Sepals .5 to 7, broad or narrow, widely spreading. Petals 5 or 6, unguicnlate 
 and cucullate or caudate. Follicles 3 to 10, slender-stipitate, 4-lOseeded. Leaves all radical 
 and compound, and scapes one- or iimbellately few-flowered. 
 
 13 a. ERANTHIS. Sepals 5 to 8, narrow, deciduous. Petals small bilabiate nectaries. 
 
 Follicles few, stipitate, several-seeded. Radical palmately multifid leaf and simple scape 
 
 from a globular tuber ; the flower surrounded by an involucre consisting of a sessile multifid 
 
 leaf. Only adventive. 
 13 b. HELLEBORUS. Sepals 5, broad and spreading, /5e)-,s/.stoi<. Petals small bilabiate 
 
 nectaries. Follicles several, sessile or nearly so, many-seeded. Leaves palmate or pedate. 
 
 ( )nly adventive. 
 
 -I- -t— Sepals and large spur-shaped nectariferous petals regular, each 5 : stigma intror.se. 
 
 14. AQUILEGIA. Sepals oval or oblong. Petals with small limb, produced backward 
 into a large hoUnw spur. Stamens indefinite, some inner ones sterile with dilated filaments, 
 
IIANUXCULACE.E. 
 
 or reduced scarious scales. Carpels usually 5, sessile, witli ininienms ovules iu two rows .- 
 
 styles filiform, above introrsestigmatuse. Seed-coat crustaceoiis, usually smootii and 
 
 sliiuiiig. 
 
 -t- -K- H- Sepals (5) and petals (2 or 4) im-gular; upper one of the former spurred or 
 
 helmet-shaped : stamens numerous: stigma introrse : follicles 1 to 5, several-mauv-seeded, 
 
 sessile, styliferous. 
 
 15. DELPHINIUM. Tpper seiial e.xtended posteriorly from the base into a spur. Petals 
 4 in two pairs, or the lateral pair wanting; these with a small spreading lamina on a claw of 
 about equal length; upper jjroduced backward into nectariferous spurs witliiu the calv.v- 
 spur, iu the annual species the two united into one body. Follicles 1 to 5. 
 
 16. ACONITUM. Upper sepal ample, helmet-shaped or prolonged-saccate; the others 
 plane, lateral larger than the lower pair. Petals only 2 (the lateral and lower either wanting 
 or minute rudiments), reduced to very long-unguiculate hood-shaped or hammer-shaped 
 nectaries covered by the up])er sepal. Follicles 3 to 5, rarely more. 
 
 -1— -1— -1— -t- Sepals 3 to 5, regular, caducous ; petals much smaller, plane, unguiculate, or 
 reduced to staminodes, le.ss showy than the white numerous stamens, or none : stigma 
 terminal or nearly so : flowers racemose : leaves decompound. (Cimicifugea:.) 
 
 1 7. CIMICIFUGA. Carpels few or solitary, in fruit thin-walled follicles. Petals or .stami- 
 nodes when present notched or 2-cleft at top. Flowers iu elongated often paniculately 
 disposed racemes. 
 
 1 8. ACT^ A. Carpel solitary, sessile, crowned with a broad and obscurely 2-lobed depressed 
 stigma, in fruit a berry filled with depressed horizontal seeds. Petals plane, entire. Flow- 
 ers in a short raceme. 
 
 * * Ovules a single pair : flowers regular : roots and rootstocks yellow, bitter, charged 
 with berberine. (Xanthorrhizexe.) 
 
 19. HYDRASTIS. Sepals 3, petaloid, very caducous. Petals none. Stamens verv 
 numerous, white, like those of Ackea. Carpels 15 to 20, sessile and capitate: style siiort: 
 stigma terminal, 2-lipped. Ovules ascending, at first collateral, borne on the middle of the 
 placenta. Fruit baccate, tlie pulpy red 1-2 seeded carpels compacted in a globular head on 
 an oblong receptacle, llerl), with few palmately lobed leaves and single flower. 
 
 20. XANTHORRHIZA. Sepals 5, petaloid, tardily deciduous. Petals 5, small and gland- 
 like, consisting of a rounded and 2-lobed fleshy lamina on a short claw. Stamens 5, alternate 
 with the petals and not surpassing them, or sometimes more. Carpels 5 to 10, sessile, 
 2-ovuled about the middle, tapering into a subulate style with intror.se stigma, in fruit oue- 
 .seeded oblong follicles of gibbous growth, the persistent style becoming dorsal and the .•*eed 
 pendulous from the apparent apex. Low shrub, with pinnate leaves and racemose-panicu- 
 late flowers. 
 
 Tribe IV (and indeed suborder). P^ONFEiE. A perigynous fleshj^ disk adnate 
 to the base of the strongly imbricated persistent calyx or concave receptacle, 
 bearing the large plane petals and numerous stamens. Carpels few, becoming 
 coriaceous many-seeded follicles. Style short or none. Sepals and petals regular, 
 mostly 5, or the latter of ten more numerous. Embryo comparatively large in firm 
 fleshy albumen. Perennial herbs or low shrubs, with alternate leaves, and no 
 acridity. 
 
 21. P.S10NIA. Stigma introrse, crest-like and rcvolute, bilamellar. Stamens very nu- 
 merous : anthers entire at base. Seeds anatropous, oval or olilong, naked at biise or the 
 very short fleshy funiculus cupulate, the coat dispo.>«ed to be externally fleshy. Embryo 
 straight or .slightly arcmite. Herljs with tulierous roots or shrubby, with ternately compound 
 or divided leaves. 
 
 22. CROSSOSOMA. Stigma terminal, depre.^.<<eil-capitate, emarginate. Stamens 12 to 
 30: anthers deeply emarginate at base. Follicles 1 to 6 (to 9), when solitary stipitat«', 
 otherwise more or less elevated on a common stipe. Ovules amphitrojjous. Seeils campylo- 
 tropous and reniform, crustaceous, furnishe<l with a fimbriate-multifid fleshy arillus of their 
 own length. Embryo semiannnlar. little shorter than the firm tleshy albumen : cotyledons 
 
4 RANUNCULACEJE. Clematis. 
 
 1. CL£IMATIS, L. (Name in Dioscorides, from KXi]fi.a, a twig, early 
 applied to this genus.) — Perennial herbs or more or less woody climb"e)-s (climb- 
 ing by incurvation and gnisping of leafstalks), of wide distribution, the large- 
 flowered species hermaphrodite. Sepals in native plants almost always 4. Styles 
 elongated, either feathery or naked iu fruit. The cultivated species largely hy- 
 bridized. Gen. DO. 4G0; DC. Syst. i. 131. Clemutis «fe Afro gene, L. Gen. ed.5. 
 
 § 1. FlImmula, DC, partly. Flowers comparatively small and commonly 
 cymose-paniculate, white or whitish: sepals petaloid and thin, widely spreading: 
 no petals: persistent styles in fruit forming long plumose tails: anthers blunt, 
 mostly short. 
 
 * Virgin's Bowkk. Half-wooily climbers ; the flowering shoots from uaked buds, dia;- 
 
 cious; sterile flowers more showy, having bright white stamens; fertile with a series of 
 
 sterile subnlat« or filiform filaments bearing rudimentary or non-polliuiferous anthers. — 
 
 All the American species and more are referred to C. dioica, L., by Kuntze, Verh. Bot. 
 
 Brandenburg, 1885, 102. 
 
 ■*-- Panicles floribund, aud peduncles short : leaves once or twice ternate or quinate : leaflets 
 
 ovate or subcordate, acute or acuminate, mostly incisely few-lobed or toothed: sepals 
 
 about a third inch and mature fruit-tails an inch and a half long. 
 
 C. Virginiana, L. (Virgin's Bower.) Almost glabrous: leaves simply .3-foliolate (very 
 
 rarelv pinnately .5 foliolate) ; leaflets thin, ovate and subcordate (2 or 3 inches h)ng), incisely 
 
 few-toothed or somewhat lohed. — Amcen. Acad. iv. 275, &, Spec. ed. 2, ii. 766 ; V. W. Wats. 
 
 Dendr. t. 74; Sprague & Goodale, Wild Flowers, 61, t. 12. V. Virginicu, I'ursh, Fl. ii. 384. 
 
 C. rordifoli'i, Ma-nch, Meth. Suppl. 104. C. cordata, Pursh, 1. c, unusual state with some 
 
 5-foliolate leaves. — Low grounds, Nova Scotia to Upper Georgia, west to Minnesota and 
 
 Winnipeg ; fl. summer. 
 
 C. Catesbyana, Pprsh. Pubescent or glabrate: leaves twice ternately divided, and leaflets 
 
 (inch or tv.o long) commonly 3-lobed, otherwise entire or very few-toothed, occasionally a 
 
 leaf only quinate by the confluence of lateral leaflets ; only uppermost simply 3-foliolate. — Fl. 
 
 ii. 736 ; DC. Syst. i. 142. C. holosericea, Pursh, Fl. ii. 384, founded on an upper leaf ot three 
 
 leaflets and a heatl of fruit taken from herb. Walter, most probably of this species. — Dry 
 
 ground along and near the coast, S. Carolina to Florida and Mississippi ; i fl. late summer, in 
 
 cult, northward not before October. 
 
 C. Plukenetii, DC. Syst. i. 153, which has been referred here, founded on a specimen from 
 Catesby, is obscure, and probably not of United States. 
 
 C.* ligusticifolia, Nutt. Pubescent or nearly glabrous : leaves pinnately 5-7-foliolate, or 
 sometimes lowest pair of leaflets again trisected : leaflets of firmer texture than in the pre- 
 ceding, from cordate-ovate to oblong-lanceolate, from 3-lobed and incised to few-toothed or 
 nearly entire, also very variable in size: carpels numerous, densely silky -pubescent with 
 long straight hairs : fruiting heads an inch and a half or two inches in diameter including 
 the tails. — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 9; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 3. — Saskatchewan 
 to New Mexico,'^ to Brit. Columbia and S. California. Kuns into many forms : vars. breui- 
 foUa, Nutt., hrncteata, TOrr., Californica, Wats., &c., which are not distinctly definable.* 
 C* Suksdorfii, Bobinson, n. sp. Habit and foliage of the preceding : leaves quinate, 
 glabrous ; leaflets an inch to an inch and a half long : sepals widely spreading or reflexed in 
 anthesis, velvety pubescent upon the outer surface : heads of fruit much smaller aud fewer- 
 
 1 Doubtful specimens from S. Missonri, Biish, make the distinctions between this and the preced- 
 ing obscure. 
 
 2 E.istward to Greene Co., Missouri, Bush. 
 
 8 A form with perfect flowers is reported by M. E. Jones, Bull. Torr. Club, ix. 12.''>, and another 
 with exceptionally copiou.s production of axillary shoots in the inflorescence has been characterized as 
 \a.r. periilafa, by Freyn, Deutsche Bot. Monat.s.'^chr. viii. 75. Dr. Gray's description of C. ligustici- 
 fulia lias been slightly amplified to exclude more clearly the next species. 
 
Clematis. 
 
 RANUNCULACE.E. 
 
 carpelled, not over an inch in diameter at full maturity including the curling tails : i)utje!*- 
 cence of the young akenes woolly or felt like, the hairs crinkly, not stniight nor silky :i.s in 
 the last ; the mature akenes with broadly ovate nearly orbicular body and filiform sparsely 
 pubescent tails. — Klikitat Kiver, Washington, collected and first recognized as distinct by 
 \V. N. SuLsdorf, 15 July, 1881, in flower, and 11 September of same year in fruit, no. 1. 
 ^_ ^_ Sjjarsely flowered, small leaved, and with very long-tailed carpels. 
 C. Drummondii, Tork. & Gray. Cinereous-pubescent: leaves mostly pinnately 5-7-folio- 
 "late and the leaflets (half inch to inch long) all or most of them divergently 3-cleft or some- 
 times parted; principal lobes oblong-ovate to lanceolate, acute or acuminate, entire or 
 incisely 1-3-tootiied; uppermost leaves simple and 3-cleft : peduncles sometimes simple and 
 with a" pair of leafy bracts next the base, commonly trichotomous and with higher bracts on 
 the lateral pedicels : sepals sericeous externally, half inch long : narrow and copious sterile 
 filaments of the fertile flowers as long, inane-antheriferous : tails of the carpels becoming 
 , 3 or 4 inches long and very slender. — Fl. i. 9. C. nervatu, Benth. I'l. Ilartw. 5. C. dioica, 
 var. sericea, sub-var. Drummondii, &c., Kuntze, 1. c. 103. — Dry ground, Te.\as to Arizona, 
 first coll. by i^er/an<i/er ^nd Z)r«;«mont/. (Me.v.) 
 
 * * Woody or half-woody climbers (of California), producing flowering shoots of the 
 season from scaly buds, polygamo-dicecious, the filiform filaments of the fertile flowers 
 mostly bearing well-formed and sometimes polliniferous anthers: peduncles solitary and 
 bibractcolate below or in threes: leaves 3-7-foliolate : leaflets roundish, rarely cuneate, 
 not acuminate, mostly obtusely 3-lobed or incised or few-toothed. 
 C. pauciflora, Nutt. Minutely pubescent or nearly glabrous : leaves pinnately or .some- 
 what biternately 5-9-foliolate, mostly quihate, but some trifoliolate : leaflets half inch l.mg, 
 thickish, somewhat lucid : sepals tomentulose outside, half inch long : ovary and akene 
 glabrous. — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 9 (by errov parviflora) ; Brew. & Wats. Hot. Calif, 
 i. 3. — S. California, near San Diego and soutliward; first coll by NuWdl. A form of it 
 (male only) near San Bernardino, \V. G. Wright. 
 C lasiantha, Nott. 1. c. Tomentulose-pubescent : leaves simidy 3-foliolatc ; leaflets an inch 
 'or two long, moi-e veiny : sepals two thirds or three fourtLs inch long, tomentuh>se botli 
 sides or <rla'brate above : ovary and akene more or less pubescent : jiedundes 3 or 4 inches 
 long.'— Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 29, t. 1 ; Brew. & Wats. 1. c. — Common throughout the 
 western part of California. 
 
 § 2. ViORNA. The Leathery-flowered species. Flowers large, hermaphrodite, 
 solitary and mostly nodding on rather long peduncles : sepals thick or thickish, 
 from blue to red or dull purplish, erect and connivent at base or throughout : 
 neither petals nor staminodes : anthers long and linear, pointed : filaments hirsute 
 or pubescent. — Viorna, and part of Viticella, Spach. 
 
 * Calvx ovate in anthesis, connivent throughout or at length recurved at apex only, very 
 
 thick, of cellular and when dried leathery texture, destitute or nearly so of inflexed and 
 
 at leno-th explanate tliin mar<j;ins even at the apex : styles wholly persistent, forming 
 
 denselv plumose carpel-tails: herbaceous or slightly woody climbers, ghibrous ot almost 
 
 80- shoots from naked buds: leaves pinnately 3-9-foliolate with bro:vl and entire or 
 
 2-3-lobed leaflets, or occasionally all the secondary petioles 3-foliolate, the flowering 
 
 shoots or peduncles bearing one to several pairs of simple and entire leaves or bract,s. 
 
 C Viorna L. (LEAiniiR-FLOWER.) Leaves not glaucous nor coriaceous ; leaflet^* from sub- 
 
 " cordate-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, often acute, inconspicuously reticulated, those of the 
 
 pedimcle or inflorescence ovate or cordate : calyx barely inch long, gl'^l^^''"'^, "\"""";7f 
 
 furfuraceous-cancscent outside, dull reddish or purplish.- Spec. i. 543 (Dill Kltlu 144, 
 
 t 118) ; Michx. Fl. i. 318 ; Jacq. f. Ed. i. t. 32 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 9 (exd. syn. Bot. Mag ; 
 
 Grav, Bot. Mag under t. C594 ; Lavallee, Clem. 57, t. 17. Viorna urmgera, Spach, Ili-st. 
 
 Veg. vii. 270. — Moist ground, S. rennsylvania and Missouri to Alabama. 
 
 C * Addisonii, Britton. More bushy and less .spreading : leaves deep green above, pale 
 
 a,^ve7y glaucous beneath ; the lower simple, sessile or nearly -'.^.'-f^y ^fl ;:Stt^rr 
 
 one or two rounded lateral lobes; the upper leaves pinnately divided ; leaflets elliptn-oxal. 
 
6 RANUNCULACEJE. ClcmuUs. 
 
 obtuse or rounded at eat- h end : flower and fruit essentially as in the preceding. — Mem. 
 Torr. Club, ii. 28, t. 3. C. ovata, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 8, not Pursli, Jitle Brittou, 1. c. — Vir- 
 ginia to Florida. Notwithstanding the .striiiiug differences of foliage nearly related to the 
 preceding, intermediate forms occasionally occurring. One of these forms is regarded as a 
 hybrid l)y Dr. Brittou. 
 C. COCcinea, Enoelm. Leaves glaucous or pale, subcoriaceous ; leaflets roundish or broadly 
 ovate, ubtu.se or retuse ; veinlets at length conspicuously reticulated : calyx bright carmine or 
 scarlet, glabrous, otherwise as the preceding. — Engehn. I'u Gray, PI. Wright, ii. 7 (wbere tlie 
 char, is indicated) ; Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 6594; Gray, Bot. Mag. under t. G.')94. C Viorna, 
 var. coccinea, Gray. I'l. Wright, ii. 7. C. Texensis, Buckley, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, 448, 
 & 1870, 135 ; Lav'allce, 1. c. 63, t. 19. C. PItch&ei, Carriere, Rev. Ilort. 1878, 10, with figure, 
 not Torr. & Gray. — Rocky and shaded banks, Texas ; first coll. by Wri(jld, next by 
 Lindheimtr} 
 C. reticulata, Walt. Leaves coriaceous and exceedingly reticulated; leaflets ovate to 
 oblong ; simple leaves or bracts of the peduncle oblong : sepals dull colored, externally 
 cauescent. — Car. 156; Michx. Fl. i. 318; Torr. & Gray, Fl i. 10; Hook. f. Bot. Mag. 
 t. 6574 ; Lavalloe, 1. c. 55, t. 16. C. Viorna, var. reticulata, Kuntze, 1. c. 133. — Dry thickets, 
 S. Carolina to Alabama and Florida, and perhaps Texas. 
 * * Calyx ovate or campanulate in anthesis, the upper part of the sepals soon recurved- 
 
 spreading and thin margined, the externally toraentose-canescent margins inflexed in the 
 
 bud, explanate in the flower, at least near the tip : herbaceous or nearly so. 
 ■i— Freely climbing, and with the compound leaves of the preceding division, thin or thinnish, 
 
 minutely pubescent or nearly glabrous. 
 C. Pitcheri, Torr. & Gr.vy. Leaflets from ovate or roundish, or rarely subcordate to oblong, 
 reticulated (more coarsely and less conspicuously than in C. reticulata): usually a pair of 
 simple ovate sessile leaves on the peduncle or subtending tliree peduncles : calyx two thirds 
 to full inch long, dull purplish or violet, somewhat cauescent or puberulent outside; the 
 inflexed margins of the sepals narrow and tardily explanate near the apex : persistent styles 
 either naked or very short-olumose (in the original), the lower part and the akene pubes- 
 cent. —Fl. i. 10; Gray, PI. Fendl. 4, & Bot. Mag. under t. 6594; Wats. Proc. Am. Acad, 
 xvii. 317; Lavallee, Clem. 52, t. 15, var. Coloradoensis, a large flowered form. C. reticulata, 
 Gray, PI. Lindh. i. 3, & PI. Wright, ii. 7, not Walt. C. Sargenti, Lavallee, 1. c. 60, t. 1 S, 
 a small-flowered form. C. Coloradoensis, Buckley, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, 448.- — 
 S. Indiana to Missouri, and thence to Texas. (Mex.) 
 
 Var. leiostylis, Gray, Bot. Mag. under t. 6594. Styles completely glabrous from 
 the first, except tlieir very base. 
 
 Var. lasiostylis, Gray, 1. c. Styles villous or even short-plumose. 
 
 Var.* Bigelovii, Bobinson, n. var.^ Leaves more compound ; leaflets glabrous, pale 
 and sometimes gl.aucous, scarcely or not at all reticulated, generally smaller and more cleft ; 
 segments obtusish or rounded : sepals lanceolate, usually more spreading than in the typical 
 form: tails of akencs plumose. — C. Diijelovii, Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. vi. 61. C. Palmeri, 
 Rose, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. i. 118. — New Mexico, Bigelotv, Palmer, Greene, Mat/iews ; 
 Arizona, Palmer. 
 
 Var.* filifera, Robinson, n. var. Leaves considerably divided and leaflets ratlier 
 small and oljtu.se, as in tlie last, but more reticulated and more or less densely pubescent or 
 tomeiito.se beneath: tails of the akenes very slender, nearly naked. — C. y(///e?-o, Benlh. 
 PI. llartw. 285. C. filifera, var. incisn, Hemsl. Biol. Cent.-Am. Bot. i. 2, a form with leaflets 
 more or less trifid. C. reticulata, Seem. Bot. Herald, 267, in part, not Walt. — Near tlie 
 
 1 Also reported on Lookout Mt,, Tenn., by J. F. James, Bull. Torr. Club, x. 82. Doubtfid 
 specimens collected by Ueller, distributed as " C. Texana, Buckley," and mentioned in Contrib. 
 Frankl. & Marsh. Coll. Herb. i. 37, are apparently only a form of tlie same species. 
 
 2 Add. syn. C. Viomcu, var. Piichen, J. F. James, Clem. 5. C. Simfdi, Brittou, Mem. Torr. Club, 
 V. 158, and others, not Sweet, wliich, being the S. cm-data, Sim.s, Rot. Mag. 1. 1816, was ace. to Gray, 
 Bot. Mag. under t. 6594, a form of S. crispa. 
 
 3 C. Bifjelovii, Torr. was included in C. Pitcheri,vdiX. lasiostylis, by Dr. Gray. In the light of later 
 material it .should have at least varietal distinction. 
 
Clematis. RAM NCI LAri:.K. 7 
 
 Mexican border, Cheuati Mts., W. Texas, Ilavard, ami .Santa Kit.' iltl (olna, llitjdow. 
 (Mex. Coulter, Ilartwaj, Parry ^- Palmer.) 
 C. crispa, L. Glabrous or nearly so, climbing freely, but often floweriu;.; when only a foot 
 or a yard high : leaHcts from ovate or even cordate to laMceolate, acuie or acuminate, 
 menibiaiiaceous, little reticulated : peduncle naked, between a pair of compound or rawdy 
 simple leaves: calyx rose-colored varying to violet: sepals from an inch to almost 2 
 inches long, recurved or spreading from near the middle, tlie spreading ])orti<,'i with broad 
 undulate margins: styles canescent to villous in flower, in fruit either almost gliil<nvte (and 
 the upper part falling away in age) or villous with erect hairs. — Spec. i. 543 (founded 
 wholly ou C. Jiore-crlspo, Dill. Eltli. 86, t, 73) ; Willd. Spec. ii. !289; Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 
 1892; LindL Bot. Keg. xxxii. t. 60; Torr. & Gray, ¥1. i. 10; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 16, t. 2, & 
 Bot. Mag. 1. c; Lavalle'e, Clem. 49, t. 14, not DC. (wliich is European near or a var. of 
 C. viticella). C. Viorna, Audr. Bot, Kep. t. 71, not L. fj. cylindrica, Sims, Bot. Mag. 
 t. 1160 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. ; Lavallee, 1. c. 43, t. 13. C. divaricala, Jacq. f. Eel. i. 51, t. 33. 
 C. cordata, Sims, Bot. Mag, t. 1816, not Pursh. C. distorta, Lavalle'e, 1. c. 37, t. 11. 
 C. Simsii, Sweet, Hort. Brit. 1 ; Kuntze, Verb. Bot. Brandeuljurg, 1885, 134, in part. Viti- 
 cella crispa (partly) & Viorna cylindrica, Spach, Hist. Veg. vii. 267, 269. (Perhaps the C. Viorna, 
 Andr., C. cylindrica, Sims, & C. diraricata, Jacq. f., originated in a cross with C. viticella.) 
 — Low ground, S. Virginia to Florida and Texas.^ 
 
 Var. Walter!, Gray. Flowering when low: leaflets from lanceolate (3 or i lines 
 wide) to almost lincarf— Bot. Mag. under t. 6594. C. Wulteri, Tursh, Fl. ii. 384. C. cyii.i- 
 drica, var. Walter i, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 10. C. lineariloba, DC. Syst. i. 155, & Dele-ss. Ic. 
 Sel. t. 3, a most attenuate form, with sepals artificially outspread. — S. Carolina to Texas, 
 passing freely to broader-leaved form. 
 
 -f— -t— Low and erect herbs, simple or simply branched: flowers solitary and terminal. 
 ++ Leaves narrow, at least the lower simple and sessile, with narrow base, thinuish, not 
 
 reticulated. 
 C. Bald'winii, Tour. & Gray. Somewhat pubescent, glabrate •■ stems slender, simple or 
 branched from near the base, few-leaved, ternnnating in a long strict peduncle : leaves from 
 lanceolate-oblong to linear and entire, or upper ones 3-5-cleft or parted into lanceolate or 
 linear divisions, these more or less petioled : flower nearly of C. crispa : carpel-tails nmch 
 elongated (3 inches long), filiform, conspicaously plumose throughout. — Fl. i. 8; Chapm. 
 Fl. 3. — Open pine woods, Florida; first coll. by Baldwin. 
 ++ ++ Leaves broadly ovate (2 to 5 inches long), sessile or subsessile by a broad base, 
 
 all undivided, exceedingly reticulated : flower dull colored : sepals with narrow explauate 
 
 margins only at tip. 
 C. ochroleuca, Ait. Densely sericeou.s-pubescent, glabrate in age : leaves about the length 
 of the internodes, pale, chartaceous in age, quite entire or upper occasionally 3-cleft or 
 incised : peduncle equalling or surpassing the uppermost pair of leaves : calyx externally 
 sericeous-canescent, greenish yellow or purplish, the tips within dull yellowish : akencs 
 pubescent, the styles (about inch long) very plumose. — Kew. ii. 260; Lodd. Bot. Cab. 
 t. 661 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 7; Torr. Fl. N. Y. i. 6, t. 1. C. sericea, Michx. Fl. i. 319. 
 C. ovala, I'ursh, Fl. ii. 736, a very glabrate form! 2 C. integrifolia, var. tomcntosa, &c., 
 Kuntze, 1. c. 176. — Dry ground. Long Island, New York, to Upper Georgia. 
 C. Fremontii, Watson. Loosely villous-pubescent, soon glabrate : leaves longer than the 
 internodes, coriaceous in age, entire, or some with few or several coarse teeth ; upperm«».st 
 exceeding the short peduncle : calyx purplish, nearly glabrous except the tomentose edges 
 of the sepals: carpels in fruit forming a very dense head, villous; the styles sometimes 
 villous below and naked or even glabrous above, sometimes villous-plumose throughout. — 
 Proc. Am. Acad. x. 339, & Bot. Gaz. ii. 123.3 c. integri/olia, var. Fremontii, Kuntze, 1. c 
 177, in part. — Plains of Kansas and Missouri, Fremont, Dr. L. Wnlson, Dtlerman. 
 ++++++ Leaves twice pinnately or in part ternately com])ound, and with narrow divisions : 
 
 divisions of the upper petioles not rarely tortuous ; flower dull colored. 
 
 1 Butler Co., Missouri, E<j()ert, 1S92. 
 
 2 A species recently reinstated by Prof. Britton. Jlem. Torr. Gul., ii. 3(», but aiM>arently upon 
 insufficient grounds. 
 
 8 Add Gard. and For. iii. 3S0, f. 49, and syn. C. <clm<leum, v.ir. Fremmitii, ^. F. J.w.os, Clem. 4. 
 
8 IIANUNCLILACE.E. Clemalls. 
 
 C. Douglasii, Hook. A foot or two high, villous-piit>CL-ccnt rvh'^n ynnnrr p-labrate, leafy: 
 stem and petioles anplefl aud striate : ulvioluiiS acd lol)es of the lealves linear or lanceolate 
 (from half line to 3 •>• t Hues broad) : peduucles sonietimes slightly sonietinies very much 
 surpassing the uppermost leaves : calyx au iuch to inch and a half long, villous outside, 
 more or less glabrate in age, purple within : akeues pubescent : persistent styles slender, iuch 
 long, very plumose.— Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 1, t. 1 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 8. C. Wi/elhii, i:iutt. 
 Journ. Acad. Philad. vii. 6 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. — Rocky Mountains from Montana, Idaho, 
 and north of the British bouudary to Colorado and New Mexico, and Mest to Gregou and 
 Washington ; first cull, by JJom/las. ^'aries greatly in foliage, in the degree and coarse- 
 ness or fineness of the dissection ; a southern form (S. Colorado and N. New Mexico) witli 
 very narrow leaflets most distinctly showing tortuous petioles, as if disposed to climb. The 
 broad-leaved extreme is 
 
 Var. Scottii, Coultkr. Leaves large, pinnate with some or .ill the divisions 3^5- 
 parted or 3-5-foliolate , lobes or leaflets oblong- or ovate-lanceolate (4 or 5 lines wide by an 
 iuch in length) ; some upper leaves with distinctly tortuous partial petioles. — Man. Rocky 
 Mt. Reg. 3. C. ScoUii, I'orter in Porter & Coulter, Fl. Col. I. — Rocky Mountains of 
 Colorado;! first coU. by John Scott, and by Porter. Also Beaver Caiion, Idaho, IVatson. 
 
 § 3. AxRiGENE, DC. Flowers large, hermaphrodite, solitary on naked 
 peduncles : sepals much exceeding the stamens and pistils, spreading from tho 
 base, thill, petaloid, marginless : anthers short on long pubescent filaments : outer- 
 most stamens with more or less dilated filaments bearing inane anthers or none, 
 or some converted into "petals," rather petaloid staminodes : styles wholly per- 
 sistent, becoming long plumose carpel-tails : half-woody climbers (but ours low), 
 the shoots of the season from scaly Huds, early fioweriiig: leaves ternately com- 
 puuud. — Atragene, L. (The verticillate appearance of the foliage on the flow- 
 ering shoots, which gives an inappropriate name to one of the species, comes 
 from the pair of leaves from the opposite axils arising close to the main axis.) 
 
 C. verticillaris, DC. Leaves simply 3-foliolate, slender-petioled ; leaflets slender-petiolulate, 
 ovate, mostly acuminate, entire or sparingly dentate : sepals violet, inch or two long, oblong, 
 more or less acute : staminodes little longer tliau the fertile stamens, sometimes all linear 
 and more or less antheriferous, often outermost petaloid and spatulate. — Syst. i. 166; Hook. 
 Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 2 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 10. Atrayene Americana, Sims', Bot. Mag. t. 887 ; 
 Gray, Gen. 111. i. 14, t. 1. — Shaded and rocky soil, Hudson Bay to the Winnipeg district, 
 Minnesota, &c., and south to Pennsylvania ; '■^ fl. early spring. 
 
 Var. Columbiana, Guay, n. var. Sepals " blue," ovate-lanceolate or narrow, soon 
 attenuate-acute or acuminate. — C. Columbiana, Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 11. C. alpina, var. occi- 
 dentalls, forma verticillaris, Kuntze, 1. c. 161. Atragene Columbiana, Nutt. Journ. Acad. 
 Philad. vii. 7. — Rocky Mountains, N. Utah and north to lat. 58°, and west to Brit. 
 Columbia. (Cape Mendocino, lat. 40°, Doiu/las, ace. to Flook., probably a mistake.) 
 
 C. alpina, Mill. Loaves twice ternate with ovate or ovate-lanceolate leaflets short-pitiolu- 
 late and irregularly serrate or incised, or simply 3-foliolate with some or all the leaflets 2-3- 
 parted: staminodes in tlie Old World plant numerous and conspicuous, spatulate, and most 
 of them not at all antheriferous. — Diet. ed. 8, no. 9; Lam. Dict.-ii. 44; DC. Syst. i. 165. 
 Atraqene alpina & A. sibirica, L. Spec. i. 542, 543; Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 530, 1951. (Eu., 
 N. Asia.) 
 
 Var. OCcidentalis, Gray. Spatulate and petaloid staminodes few and usually with 
 rudiment of antlier.*, or none, most or all of the dilated filameiit.s linear and more or less 
 antheriferous. — Gr.iy in Powell, Geol. Surv. Rep. Dakota (1880), 531. C. alpina, vox. 
 Ochotensis, Wats. Bot. King Exp. 4. Atragene occidentalis, Hornem. Hort. Hafn. 1813, 520. 
 A. Ochotensis, Gray, PI. Fcndl. 4. A. alpina, Gray, Proc. Acad. I'liilad. 1863, 5«. A. alpina, 
 
 1 Reported from Sheridan Co., Neh., by Swezey, Bull. Torr. Club, xix. 94. 
 
 2 Eastward to Maine and New Brun.swick (ace. to Fowler); also reporteil from Monongalia, \Y. Va., 
 by Millspaugh, Fl. W. Va. 318, and at Steamboat Spring.s, Col., by Miss Fa.stwood, Zoe, ii. 22t>. 
 
Anemone. RANUNCULACEJE. 9 
 
 var. Ochotensis, Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. ser. 2, xxxiii. 241. Clematis Psendu-Alrat/ene, Kuntze, 
 
 1. c. 160, with sonin of C. alpina also. — Rocky Mouiitaius, from New Mexico to Dakota ami 
 ■Washington. 
 
 Var. tenuiloba, Gray, Apparently very low : leaflets ilisaected into narrow lanceo- 
 late ilivisious and lohes : otherwise as in the ordinary Am. plant. — (iray in Powell, Geol. 
 Surv. Eep. Dakota (1880), 531, aa subvar. — Black Ililld of Dakota, Jtnm^j.^ 
 
 2. ANEMONE, Tourn. Anemone, Ank.monv, Wind-flowek. (Tlie 
 ancient Greek and Latin name, from dvc/xo-j, to be blcwn upon or shaken by the 
 wind.) — Perennial herbs of the cooler parts of the world, mostly low, and 
 .showy flowered. — DC. Syst. i. I88.2 Anemone & I'uisutillu, Tourn. Inst. 27.'), 
 284, t. 147, 148. L. Gen. nos. 458, 459. 
 
 § 1. Pulsatilla, Tourn. (as genus). Carpels with long filiform styles, very 
 villous, becoming plumose tails to the akenes : flower large, solitary on a scape 
 bearing a Avhorled involucre. — Inst. 264, t. 148 ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 17. §§ Pulsn- 
 iilla & Preonanthus, DC. Prodr. i. 16, 17. 
 
 * Involucre wholly sessile and mostly connate at base by tlie union of its three simply 
 palmately niultifid reduced leaves : a few small spatulate staraiuodes outside of the true 
 stamens. — § Pulsatilla, DC, &c. 
 
 A. patens, L. Soft-villous, glabrate in age : scapiform stem a span higli and in fruit mncli 
 taller : flower erect : i^epals 5 to 7, violet, sometimes whitish, widely spreading in sunshine : 
 mature carpel-tails inch and a half long: involucre connate at base, parted into numerous 
 narrowly linear lobes: radical leaves developed a little later than the flower, palmately 
 3-foliolate, with the divisions 3-parted and commonly again 3-cleft into lanceolate lobes. — 
 Spec. i. 538 ; DC. Syst. i. 191 ; Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1994 (var. ockroleum). Pulsatilla patens. 
 Mill. Diet. ed. 8; Keichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. iv. t. 57. (Ku., N. A.sia.) 
 
 Var. Nuttalliana, Gkav. Lobes of the leaves linear or nearly so: flower mostly 
 pale. — Man. ed. 5, 36; Mcjjhan, Xative Flowers, ser. I, i. t. 13. A. /lalens, Hook. Fl. Bor.- 
 Am. i. 4 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 11, &c. A. Ludociciuna, Nutt. Gen. ii. 20. A. Xitttallii, DC. 
 Syst. i. 193 ; Nutt. Journ. Acad. Philad. v. t. 8. Pulsatilla Nuttalliana, Spreug. Syst. ii 60.T ; 
 Gray, Man. ed. 2, 4. P. patens. Gray, Gen. 111. i. 18, t. 3. P. patens, var. ]]\hi/aw/ian<i, 
 Kegel, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xxxiv. 1861, pt. 2, 21. Clematis hirsutissiina, Pursh, Fl. ii. 3!<5.^ - 
 Prairies and plains, Illinois- and Missouri to Colorado, Montana, and north to the Arctic 
 Circle ; fl. early spring (N.Asia.) 
 
 * * Involucre of two or three compound more or less petiolate and petiolulate leaves : no 
 staminodes: sepals thin, brightlv colored, widely spreading. — § Preonanthus, DC. 
 Prodr. i. 17. 
 
 A. OCCidentalis, Watsox. From a span or two becoming 2 feet liigh. soft-villous. in age 
 glabrate : radical and involucral leaves biteruately compound iind the divisions onco or twire 
 pinnately cleft into narrowly lanceolate or linear lobes : sepals 6 or 7, oval, white or purjdisli. 
 often inch long: receptacle oblong-conical, becoming cylindrical (an incli or more long) 
 in fruit: carpel-tails often inch and a half long, at length recurved. — Proc. .Am. \cad. xi. 
 121, & Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 3. A. alpina. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. .-. ; Torr. & 
 Gray, Fl. i. 11, not L.*— High mountains of the Sierra Nevada (La&sen, Shasta. &.v.)." 
 California, first coll by Brewer, to tlie Caswxdes, and Northern Rocky Mountains near British 
 boundary to Kotzebue Sound. 
 
 § 2. EuANEMONE. Carpels with short and not plumose styles: no obvious 
 staminodes. — Anemone, Tourn. Inst. 275, t. 147. 
 
 1 An<l recently rediscovered in the same region by R;/dhenf. 
 
 2 Further important literature: Fritzel, Aneni. Revis. Linnnea, xv. .561-fii»S; Prantl in Engl, k 
 Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. 2, 61, 62; Britton, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. vi. 21.5. 
 
 8 Add syn. Pidsnfilln hirsuiissima, Britlon, 1. c. 217. 
 
 * Add syn. PulsatiUa occidentaits, Frevn, Deutsclie Bot. Monat.s.ichr. viii. 7S. 
 6 Southward to Mineral King, Tulare Co., Calif., Coville «t Funston. 
 
10 RANUNCULACE.E. Atiemnne. 
 
 * Akeues densely long-woolly (except in ^1. Tetonensis), in ours much compressed. — 
 
 § Eriocepltalus, Ilouk. f. & Tlioms. Fl. lud. i. 20. 
 -1— Plants mostly low, from a multiiipital caudex or in the first species from slender root- 
 stocks: sepals 5 or 6, rarely 8, oval, half .nch long or less : style filiform, longer than tlie 
 ovary, at length wholly or partly deciduous: head of carpels globose or oval. 
 A. parviflora, Miciix. A span or two high from slender somewhat creeping root.stocks, 
 simple, one-llowered : leaves 3-parted into cuneiform 2-3-iobed and crenate-dentate divisions : 
 sessile involucre 2-3-leavcd somewhat similar: sepals white, not over 6: style not longer 
 tliau the senii-obovate akene, erect. — Fl. i. 319; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 12. A. cimeifolia, 
 Juss. Ann. Mus. iii. 248, t. 21, f. I. A. borealis, Kichiirds. in Frankl. 1st Jonrn. ed. 1, App. 
 740 (reprint, p. 12), & ed. 2, App. 750 (reprint, p. 22). — Labrador and Anticosti to the 
 Arctic Sea and the Aleutian Islands, south to L. Superior and the Rocky Mountains in 
 Colorado. (Adj. N. E. Asia.) 
 A. Dnimmondii, Watson. A span or two higli from a thick multicipital caudex, 
 glabrate: stems I(-2)-flowered : leaves small, of rounded circumscription, 2-3-ternately 
 dissected ; the lobes from linear to cuneate-lanceolate : involucre usually similar : sepals 
 bluish : styles almost capillary, prominently exserted : akejies semi-ovate, apicuhite with the 
 thickened and persistent intiexed base of the style. — Bot. Calif, ii. 424 ; Engelm. Bot. Gaz. 
 vi. 237. A. Baldmsis, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am., i. 5 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 12, not L. — Alpine 
 region of the Rocky Mountains about lat. 49°, Druininond, Lyall ;i and in the Cascade Range, 
 Mount Adams, Suksdorf, and Mount Hood, Henderson ; thence south to California on Scott's 
 Mountains, Greene, and Lassen, Mrs. Austin, Lemmon. 
 
 A. multifida, Foik. a foot or less high, from a multicipital caudex, villous-pubescent : 
 stems 1-3-rtowered, the lateral peduncles commonly with partial involucre: leaves 2-3- 
 ternately dissected into narrow lanceolate or linear lobes; those of the involucre similar, 
 more or less petiolate: sepals from dull crimson to yellowish or whitisli, varying from a 
 quarter to full half inch long : style about half the length of the obli(iuely obovate mature 
 carpel, at length iuflexed, somewhat persistent. — Suppl. i. 364 (the subantarctic plant) ; DC. 
 Syst. i. 209 ; Deless. Ic. Sel. i. t. 16 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 13 ; Torr. Fl. N. Y. i. t. 2. .1. Com- 
 inersoniana, DC. in Deless 1. c. i. 4, t. 17, larger-flowered antarctic form. .1. Hudsoniann, 
 & var. ^antjuinea, Richards, in Frankl. 1st Journ. ed. I, App. 741 (reprint, p. 13) ; Torr. & 
 Gray, Fl. i. 658, the N. Am. plant. A. lanic/era, Gay, Fl. Chil. i. 22, Chilian. A. decnpetala, 
 Hook. f. Fl. Antarc. ii. 223, partly, & Arc. PI. 283. — On rocks, &c., N. E. Maine, Miss 
 Furbish, to L. Superior, Nebraska, thence to the Rocky Mountains (and south to those of 
 Arizona), Brit. Columbia, Alaska, and north to tlie arctic coast.'^ (Chili, Patagonia) 
 A.* Tetonensis, Porter. Nearly related to the last, but lower and more slender : leaf- 
 sogments somewhat broader, obtusish, glabrate: flowers deep purple or (?) pale: akenes 
 dorsally glabrate. — Porter in Britton, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. vi. 224. — Idaho, Teton Range, 
 10,000 feet. .7. M. Coultn-, and Needle Peak of Lost River Mountains, V. Bailei/ (fls. 
 apparently white or nearly so). A white-flowered form with longer and persisting styles, 
 and scarcely pubescent akenes, discovered in Utah by M. E. Jones, is doubtfully referred to 
 this species, although botli may prove to intergrade with A. multifda. 
 
 •4- -I- Plants low, single, from a small tuber or tuberiform root : .sepals 9 to 20, linear-oblong 
 
 or spatulate, half to three fourths inch hmg: stvle filiform, as long a-* the ovary, straight, 
 
 hardly per.sistent : head of carpels from short-oblong to cylindrical : leaves varying in the 
 
 same species from simply to thrice ternately compound or parted : leaflets when undivided 
 
 obovatc-cuneate and inci.sed, when much dissected cut into lanceolate or linear lobes. 
 
 A.* decapetala, Ard.^ A'span to a foot high from an oblong tuberous root : leaves usually 
 
 appresseil-pubescent or at least ciliate-hirsute, 3-foliolate ; leaflets pctiolulate or sessile, Imjad, 
 
 ovate or ovate-oblong, crenate-dentate or shallowly and obtu.sely cleft : involucre very 
 
 dissimilar, borne at or above the middle of the 1-flowered stem, subsessile, its three Icaxos 
 
 1 S. Brit. America, Macnun. 
 
 2 Ea.stward to New Brunswick and Anticosti, and southward in Rocky Mts. to Arizona acconiing 
 to Britton, 1. c. 222. 
 
 8 Dr. Oray's description of this species has been altered to exclude the following clearly distin- 
 guishable jilant. 
 
Aneinime. llANl'XCULACE.i:. H 
 
 short, oiice (or more rarely twice) palraati fid-cleft to below the middle ; segments linear, 
 mostly entire : sepals greenish white to pink : head of carpels in fruit cyliudraccous (three 
 fourths to one and a half inclics long) : style not half the length of the orbicular flat akene, 
 at length inflexcd, completely covered by the wool of the akene. — Aniniad. Alt. 27; 
 L. Mant. 79; DC. Syst. i. 200; Brilton, 1. c. 218. A. trilobula, Juss. Ann. Mus. iii. 24s, 
 t. 21,f. 3. A. heteiofthy/la, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 12 (under A. Curolituanu, var. 
 heteiophylla). A. Berlandivri, Pritz. Linnaja, xv. 628. .1. Curoliiiianu, Coulter, Coutrib. 
 U. S. Nat. Herb. ii. 8, at least in part. — Arkansas and Texas, Berliniclin; WrUjIU, Thurlnr, 
 Jieixrclion, and according to I'rof. liritton east to Alabama and nortli to the Great I'laius. 
 (Mex., Extr. Trop. S. Am.) 
 
 A.* sphenoph;^lla, Pcepp. Hal)it and most of the characters of the last : leaves glal)rate 
 or nearly so, o-1'oliolate ; divisions commonly cleft into ratlier narrow sometimes even linear- 
 lanceolate acutish segments ; leave.s of tlie involucre (witii rare exceptions) sub-similar to 
 the biisal leaves in outline and segmentation, and not so strikingly reduced in size a.s in the 
 preceding: flowers sometimes solitary but more commonly 2-3(-4) from the same involu- 
 cre.— Frag. Syn.27; Hritton, 1. c. 220 ; Coville, Coutrib. U.S'Nat. Ilerli.iv. 56. .1. decu/ielala. 
 Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 3, t. 1 ; Gray in Ives, Colorado Rep. Bot. 5, excl. syn. in part, not 
 Ard. — W. Arkansas, Harvej/ ; W. Texas, Thurber, to Arizona, Smuvl, Prtnylt ; Utah, Wal- 
 Son, Parry, Jnhnson, and Panamint Mts., S. Calif., Corille & Funston. (Chili.) 
 
 A. Caroliniana, Walt. A span or two high from a globular small tuber (which is pro- 
 duced at the apex of a flagelliform subterranean shoot) : slender stem one-flowered, usually 
 bearing the simply palmatifid involucre mucii below the middle: sepals purple, blue, or 
 white: head of carpels short-oblong or barely cylindraceous in fruit (usually lialf inch 
 long) : style about the length of the ovate ratlier turgid akene, erect, its slender tip pro- 
 jecting from the wool, more deciduous. — Car. 157; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 12 (excl. var. 
 heterophylla) ; Torr. in Marcy, Kep. t. 1; Meehan, Native Flowers, ser. 1, i. 165, t. 42. 
 A. tenella, Pursh, Fl. ii. 386. — Sandy soil, Florida to N. Carolina, Illinois, Dakota, and 
 southwest to Texas, thus partly accompanying the preceding but iu different soil ; fl. earlv 
 spring. 
 
 A. WAlteri, Pursh, Fl. ii. 387, founded wholly on Walter's character of his Thallctrum 
 Carolinianum, is quite obscure, no specimen being extant. If an Anemone it might be referred 
 to A. Caroliniana, except for the pentasepalous flower. 
 
 •*— -t— -I— Plants 1 to 3 feet high from a caudex, few-several-flowered : sepals mostlv 5, oval 
 or obovate, seldom over half inch long, white or greenish white, sericeous canescent out- 
 side : style subulate, shorter and stout, wholly or mainly persistent on the semi-obovate 
 akene : involucral leaves similar to the radical and petioled, palraately or pedately 3-5- 
 divided and the divisions 2-3-cleft and incisely toothed ; fl. summer. 
 A. cylindrica, Gray. Somewhat silky-pubescent, strict : divisions and lobes of the leaves 
 mostly cuneate-lanceolate : involucre iu depauperate plauts 3-5-leaved and 1-2-flowered, but 
 usually 5-9-leaved and 2-6-flowered, with very long and naked umbellate peduncles (the 
 involucels if any being basal and making a part of the general involucre), or occasionally 
 one of the peduncles involucellate at the middle : head of carpels in fruit cylindricjil, inch or 
 more long, very woolly; the short somewhat recurved styles slightly projecting. — Ann. 
 Lye, N, Y. iii. 220; Torr. & Gray, ¥]. i. 13. — Dry ground, New Brun.swick to Montana and 
 Saskatchewan, south to New Jersey and New Mexico. 
 A. Virginiana, L. More loosely pubescent or glal)rate: divisions and lobes of the le.ives 
 riiouibic-ovate or ovate-lanceolate: involucre 2-3-leaved, subtending a solitary and elong:ited 
 naked peduncle and one or sometimes two proliferous ones, i. e. involucellate at the middle, 
 and these again often proliferous, thus continuing long in blossom: .sepals usually greenish 
 white and only half inch long, sometimes enlarging and bright white: head of carpels in 
 fruit ovate or oblong, thick, as it were muricatc by the projection of the conspicuous stout 
 styles, the apex of the akenes also naked. — Spec. i. 540; (jiertn. Fruct. i. t. 74; Hook. Fl. 
 Bor.-Am. i. 7, t. 4 ; Torr. & Gray. 1. c. ; Meehan, Native Flowers, ser 2, i. 93. t. 23. A. hirsuta, 
 Moeuch, Meth. Suppl. 105. — Moist ground, New Brunswick to S. Carolina, and northwest to 
 the Rocky Mountains and lat. 55°. 
 
 * * Akenes naked (when mature), orbicular, much compressed, wing-margined : si pals 
 5, obovate, white, half inch or more long : involucre closely sessile, palmately parteil or 
 cleft. 
 
12 KANUNCL'LACEiE. Anemone. 
 
 A.* Canadensis, L.i A foot or two high from deep filiform rootstocks, pubesceut : stem 
 rather slender, prolifero-dichotomous from the involucre after producing the slender- 
 peduncled primary flower, sometimes again or even again similarly proliferous from the 
 secondary involucres : leaves very veiny ; radical long-petiuled, 5-7-parted or deeply cleft 
 into narrowly cuneate divisions; these partly 2-3-cleft and incised or sharply toothed 
 toward the apex: primary involucre 2-3-leaved; secondary 2-leaved, smaller, less cut, 
 ascending : sepals hrigiit white : head of rather numerous carpels globose ; carpels hirsute 
 when young, glabrate in age, abruptly tipped with a rigid soon straight and mainly per- 
 sistent subulate style of nearly the length of the orbicular akene. — Syst. Nat. ed. 12, iii. 
 App, 1, 431 (1768). A. dichotoma , L. Spec, i, 540, in part; Pursh, Fl. ii. 387 (with A. Pennsyl- 
 vuniai) ; Lloyd Bros. Am. Drugs & Med. i. 22, f. 8. A. Pennsj/lvunica, L. Mant. ii. 247 (where 
 distinguished from the E. Asian A. dichotoma, which besides has the short-styled carpels ovate 
 at maturity) ; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 8, t. 3; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 14 ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 20, 
 t. 4, not Ledeb. A. irregularis, Lam. Diet. i. 167. A. aconitifdiu, Mich.x. Fl. i. 320.2— Low 
 grounds. Nova Scotia and Hudson Bay to Saskatchewan, and south to S. Pennsylvania, 
 Illinois, and along the Rocky Mountains to S. Colorado ;» fl. early summer. 
 A. narcissiflora, L. A span or at length a foot or more high from a thick caudex, villous : 
 radical leaves of orbicular outline, 3-5-parted or divided into cuneate multifid divisions ; 
 lobes narrowly lanceolate or linear : involucre similar but closely sessile and usually more 
 simply cleft, subtending solitary or usually several umbellate peduucles : akenes glabrous, 
 apicuiate with short soon inflexed style. — Spec. i. 542 ; Pursh, 1. c. 387 ; Hook. Fl. Bor -Am. 
 i. 8; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. ; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. iv. t. 48. — Alpine regions. Rocky Moun- 
 tains of Colorado (first coll. by James) and northward, and Alaska to l]eriug Strait.* 
 (Eu., Asia.) 
 
 * * * Akenes naked or merely pubescent, less flattened, ovate-oblong or narrower, wing- 
 less, comparatively few in the head : sc])als 4 to 6, commonly 5, obovate or oval, iialf inch 
 or more long: slender and glabrous or pul)escent plants, simple and one-flowered, a span 
 to a foot high, with few radical leaves, or these remote and separate from the scape, 
 •t— From elongated filiform or flagelliform rootstocks : involucre of 2 or 3 simple subsessile 
 leaves, and radical leaves at most trifoliolate. 
 A. deltoidea, PIook. Radical leaves trifoliolate; leaflets sessile or nearly so, ovate or 
 rhombic-ovate, acutish, obtusely dentate, somewh.at incised or the lateral 2-3-lobed : involu- 
 cre of 2 or 3 ovate similarly toothed or incised leaves : sepals white, often an inch long : 
 carpels pubescent, glabrate in age, ovate, pointed with a very short at length straight subulate 
 style. — Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 6, t. 3 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 13 ; Wats. Bot. Calif, ii. 424. — Western 
 part of Washington and Oregon in woods (type specimens coll. hy Douglas and by Scoulcr) to 
 N. California, (h-iene. Rattan. Stem at length a foot high. 
 A. Richardsoni, Hook. Radical leaves round-reniform, deeply and somewhat palmately 
 5-cleft into cuneate-obovate incised lobes: involucre of 3 dilated cuneate 3-lobed and 
 incisely dentate leaves \ sepals sulphur-color : carpels glabrous ; persistent style very long, 
 filiform, recurved-spreading in age, hooked at tip. — Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 6, t. 4 ; Schlecht. 
 Liinia;a, vi. 575 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c, printed Richardsoniana. A. rammadoides, var., 
 Richards, in Frankl. 1st Journ. ed. 1, App. 740 (reprint, p. 12). A. Vahlii, Hornem. Fl. 
 Dan. t. 2176. — Shores of Hudson Bay to Alaskan Islands, and through arctic America. 
 (Adj. N. E. Asia, Greenland.) 
 
 -J— -1— Rootstocks horizontal, thickish : involucre 2-3-phyllous, and 3-5-foliolate ; the leaves 
 slender-pctioled.s 
 
 * Dr. Gray employs A. Pcnnsylvanica, L., for this .species, but it is a later name. 
 2 Add syn. A. diclmtoma, var. Canadensis, MacMillan, Metasp. Minn. Val. 237. 
 
 8 Westward in Brit. America to the Pacific, acconliiig to Hooker, 1. c. 8, and southward to Mary- 
 land according to Britton, 1. c. 228. 
 
 * Reported in W. Newfoundland, by Reeks, List Fl. PI. NM. 2, but probably erroneou.sly. 
 
 6 A. nudicaidis, Gray, Bot. Gaz. xi. 17, described from imperfect specimens and placeil in this 
 part of the geims, has suKsequently been conclusively identified with Rcinunculus Lapponicus, L. See 
 Britton, Ann. N. Y. Aca<l. Sci. vi. 233. 
 
Hepalica. RANUNCULACE^E. 13 
 
 A.* quinquefolia, L.i A span to a foot higli : radical leaf and tho Miroe ..f the involucre 
 3-fuliol:vte ur hy tlic divisJDii uf the lateral leaflets often 5-f<iliolate ; divisions or leaflets 
 from ohovate-euiieate or rhombic-ovate to laneeolate-uhlonf;, mostly acute or acuminate 
 serrate or somewhat incised ; the lateral ones commonly 2 parted or completely divided and 
 middle one 3-cleft : sepals from white, or with jiurjilisli tinge outside, to pale violet or hlne : 
 akenes puberulent, tapering into the short recurving style. — Spec. i. 541 ; Hart. Fl. \. A. 
 ii. 10, t. 39 ; Brittou, 1. c. 225. ,1. nemorosa of Amer. authors, hut differing from the European 
 species in its generally smaller flowers, less inci.sed leaves and more slender stem and 
 petioles. A. pedata, Kaf. Med. Rep. hex. 2, v. 3GI, & in Desv Journ. Bot. i. 230 (1808); 
 DC. Syst. i. 214. A. minima, DC. 1. c. 206. A. O'ru./i, iiehr, Hull. Calif. Acad. Sci. i. .5. 
 A. nemorosa, var. Grai/i, Greene, Fl. Franci.s. 295, a broad-leaved Pacific form with white or 
 pale blue flowers. — Open woods. New Brunswick to coast of Brit. Columbia; in the 
 Atlantic States to the mountains of Georgia; H. early spring. 
 
 Var.* Oregana, IJoHixscm, n. var. Leaflets oliovate to oval-oblong and ohtusish, 
 undivided, unequally or sparingly serrate or slightly incised : flowers rather short-ped uncled :' 
 sepals bright blue, oval or oblong, larger than in tlie typical form half to tliree fourtlis inch 
 long: filaments also blue and longer tiian in the type. — A. Vie(/aii(i, Grav, I'roc. Am. Acad, 
 xxii. 308. ^1. ci/anca, Freyu, Deutsch. Bot. Monatsschr. viii. 176. A. Grayi, Britton, 1. c. 226, 
 in part, not Behr. — Open woods, on both sides of the Columbia liiver, Klikitat Co., Wa.sh- 
 ington, Suksdorf; about the Hood River, Mrs. Barren ; on Mt. Adams, Henderson. A 
 striking and heautiful variety or perhaps species, apparently iutergi-ading, however, both 
 with typical form and the following. 
 
 Var.* Lyallii, Robinson, u. var. Dwarfish : leaves 3-foliolate ; leaflets ovate, more 
 obtusely toothed than in the type: flowers usually very small, white or pale blue, a third to 
 half inch iu diameter. — A. Li/a/lii, Brittou, 1. c. 227. — From Portland, Oregon, Ilendf-rson, 
 and the Willamette Valley, Cusick, to Vancouver Isl , ]\[aroun, and Salmon River, Brit. 
 Columbia, Dawson. Very .similar forms are common iu the Redwoods of Calif(u-nia, Bulander. 
 
 A.* trifolia, L. Usually larger than the precetliug species: involucral leaves with rare 
 exceptions regularly 3-foHolate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate rather regularly .-^errate, large, in 
 well developed specimens 2 to 3 inches in length, and more than an inch in l)readth; radical 
 leaves subsimilar to the involiu-ral but sometimes 5-f()]iolate : peduncle long and slender, 
 usually more than 2 inches in length: flowers large, 15 to 16 lines in diameter: sepals 
 white or pinkish: carpels in a glotmlar head, much as in the preceding species — Spec. i. 
 540; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. iv. t. 48 ; Britton, 1. c. 226 ; Vail, Mem. Torr. Club, ii. 33, t. 4 
 Millspaugh, Fl. W. Va. 319; Heller, Bull. Torr. Club, xxi. 22. ,1. land folia, Pur.sh, Fl. 
 ii. 386. .1. nemorosa, var., Gray, Am. Nat. vii. 422. — Mountains of S. Pennsylvania and 
 Virginia, Curtiss, Small, Heller, to Georgia, Chapman. (Eu.) Tiie American plant docs 
 not differ by any constant or satisfactory character from the European, which is regarded 
 as a good species. It ai>pears, however, in some iustances to intergrade or perhaps hy- 
 bridize with ^4. quinquefolia. 
 
 3. HEPATICA, Dill. Liverleaf. (Latinized from ^TrariKo'?, affectinjr or 
 belonging to the liver, suggcstefl l)}'^ the shape of the leaf.) — Acaulesoeiit low 
 perennials (of the northern hemisphere); with elongated and villous or at length 
 glabrate petioles and peduncles from a short crown or caudex, 8-lobed but other- 
 wise entire leaves, and solitar}' blue or purple or sometimes white flowers, pro- 
 duced in earliest spring, followed later by the foliage of the season, which lasts 
 over winter. Sepals fi to 9, rarely more. Akenes pubescent, tipped with very 
 short style. — Cat. Plant. Giss. App. 108; DC. Syst. i. 21i5. Anemone § Hepatica, 
 Koch, and authors ; but may be fairly well kept as a genus. 
 
 H. triloba, Chaix. Leaves with 3 rounded or ovate and obtuse lobes; those of invnlucn; 
 also obtuse. — Chaix in Vill. Dauph. i. 336; Bart. Fl. N. A. iii. 45, t. 87 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 
 
 1 Dr. Gray regarded this and the following species as form.s of the European A. iicmtvosn. wliile 
 tne var. Oregana he considered as distinct. In the light of recent jmblicalions atid aiMilional 
 material it seems best to modify this treatment to the one of the text. 
 
14 RANUNCULACEiE. Ilepalica. 
 
 i 15. //. Amencnnn, Ker, Bot. Reg. t. 387. H. triioha, var. Americana, DC. 1. c. 21f..i 
 Anemone Hepatica, h. Spec. i. 538. — Open woods, Nova Scotia to the northern Kocky 
 Mountains, lat. 55°, and Sitka, according to Bongard, south through the upper country to 
 the border of Florida, west to Missouri and Minnesota. (Eu., N. Asia.) l'a.sses into 
 H acutiloba, DC. Lobes of tlie leaves ovate and acute, occasionally lateral lobes 2-cleft : 
 akenes slightl'y stipitate. — Prodr. i. 22; Gray, Gen. lU. i. t. 5. H. triloba, var. acuta, 
 Pursh, Fl. ii. 391.- Anemone acutiloba, Lawson, Rev. Canad. Ranunc. 30. — Quebec to upper 
 part of Geortcia, and Iowa. Rarely has the middle lobe or all of them incised. 
 
 4. ANEMONi^LLA, Spach. (A diminutive of Anemone,) — Hist. Veg. 
 vii. 239; Gray, Bot. Gaz. xi. 39. Syndesmon, Hoflfmansegg, Flora, 1832, ii. 
 Intell.-Blatt. 34, name only, referring to this and to a Thalictrum. — Single 
 species, flowering in early spring. 
 
 A thalictroides, Spach, 1. c. 240. Low and very glabrous perennial: roots tuberiform 
 and fascicled : slender and simple scapiform stems and radicle petioles a span or two high ; 
 the latter twice ternate into slender petiolules, bearing roundish leaflets with mostly sub- 
 cordate base and 3-lobed broad apex : involucre of 6 to 9 similar filiform-petiolulate leaflets 
 (i. e. belonging to 2. or 3 trifoliolate leaves with primary petiole wanting or obsolete), 
 subtending °an umbelliform cyme of few or several (rarely solitary) slender-stalked 
 flowei-s: .sepals 5 to 10, oval, white, sometimes pinkish, 4 or 5 lines long, tardily deciduous, 
 much longer than the stamens and carpels : anthers oval : disciform stigma horizontal or 
 nearlv so, obscurely 2-lobed, sessile, but in fruit comparatively small and slightly elevated 
 on the pointed apex of the oblong-fusiform 8-10-ribbed akene. — Anemone tlialirlroide!i,L. 
 Si)ec. i. 542; Hill, Veg. Syst. 25, t. 46, f. 5; Willd. Hort. Bem\. t. 44; .)uss. Ann. Mus. iii. 
 249. t. 21; Sims,' Bot. Mag. t. 866; Bart. Fl. N. A. ii. t. 44.3 Thalictrum anemonoides, 
 Michx. Fl.' i. 322 ; DC Syst. i. 186; Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. ser. 2, t. 150; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 
 24, t. 6; Meehau, Native Flowers, ser. 1, ii. t. 30; Lecoyer, Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg. 
 xxiv. 223. SipidesmoH thalictroides, Hoffmansegg, 1. c, name only;* Lawson, Monog. 
 Ranunc. Canad. 31. — Dry woods. New Englan<l and Ontario di.strict of Canada to 
 Minnesota, to Maryland, and .south along the mountains and upper country to W. Florida. 
 AJiore plena form has been found wild. 
 
 5. THALICTRUM, Tourn. Meadow-rue. (Old Greek and Latin name, 
 of uncertain derivation.) — Perennial herbs of temperate regions, largely northern, 
 usuiilly glabrous, with alternate compound or decompound leaves, petioles dilated 
 at base, and pauicled or corymbiform cyraose or rarely racemose small flowers, in 
 most of ours dioecious or polygamous and with dnll colored sepals, these 4 or 
 sometimes 5 in number and deciduous. There are not rarely small appendages 
 to some partial petioles or leaflets, which have been called stipels, but they are 
 inconstant. — Inst. 270, t. 143; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 4; Lecoyer, Bull. Soc. 
 Bot, Belg. xxiv. 1885, 78-325.'* 
 
 * Flowers hermaphrodite, on a low scapiform stem : filaments ca])illary and drooping. 
 T. alpinum, L. A span or more high: leaves all or chiefly ra<lical, inch or two long, 
 "pinnately 5-7-foliolate, with lower pinna; similarly 3-5-foliolate : leaflets cuneate-obovate, 
 few-lobed, prominently veined beneath: flowers drooping, purplish : anthers linear-oblong; 
 
 1 Add syn. Hepntira Hepatica,. KsLTst. Dentschl. Fl. .^.TO. 
 
 2 Add syn. Hepatica ncutn, Britten, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. vi. 234. 
 8 Add Garden, xxxv. 409, t. 6§9. 
 
 4 See also Gray, Bot. Gaz. xi. .39. 
 
 6 In accordance with the expressed intention of Dr. Gray, his manuscript relatmg to the genns 
 has been freely revised in the light of Prof. Trelease's careful treatment of the group (Proc. Bost. 
 Soc. Nat. Hist, xxiii. 293-304); and plants of .subsequent description have been in.serted where 
 
Thaliclrum. KANU.NCL'LACE.E. 15 
 
 akeues very few, oblong, slightly ancipital, subulate-tipped. — Spec. i. 545; Lightf. Fl. 
 Scot. i,t. 13; Fl. Dan. t. 11 ; Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2237 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 39; Wats. Bot. 
 King Exp. 4. — Newfoundland and Anticosti, arctic Alaska, mountains of N. Nevada, and 
 alpine region of Hocky Mountains to Colorado.' (Greenland, Ku , N. Asia.) 
 
 * * Flowers lierniaj)linHiite, in loose panicles on leafy -stem : sepals caducous, greenish: 
 filaments capillary and weak : anthers linear : akenes terete, tipped with oval stigma. 
 
 T. minus, L., var. Kemense, Trkleask. Stem l to 3 feet high, snlcate-striate : leaves 
 thrice ternatc: fruiting pedicels filiform: carpels few. — Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. .\.\iii. 
 300. 1\ Kemense, Fries, Fl. Halland, 94 ; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. i. 13 ; Kegel, Bull. Soc. Nat. 
 Mosc. 1861, pt. 2, 36, t. 3. T. minus, var. tlatum, Lecoyer, 1. c. 283, in part. — Unalaska. 
 (Adj. N. E. Asia, N. Eu) 
 
 * * * Flowers hermaphrodite, not very numerous, panided on leafy stem, slender-pedi- 
 celled : sepals tardily deciduous, white or whitish : filaments davate, erect : anthers oval or 
 short-oblong, pointless: akenes compressed, gii)lious, one edge either straight or concave, 
 thin-walled, not filled by the seed, the sides with few nerves or veius. 
 
 H^ Akenes slender-stipitate, dorsally gibbous, the ventral edge concave. at maturity, ajiicu- 
 late with very short style or stigma. 
 
 T. clavatum, DC Stems slender, 1-2-leaved: leaves biternate: leaflets membranaceous, 
 large, roundish, very obtusely lobed : flowers loosely cymose : filaments bright white, the 
 petaloid-dilated summit quite as wide as the oval anther : akenes .somewhat lunate-oblong, 
 almost equalled by the filiform stipe. — Syst. i. 171; Deless. Ic. Sel. i. t. 6; Gray, Am. 
 Jour. Sci. xlii. 17, & j\Ian. 39. T.^/ilipes, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 38. T. niulicaule, Schweinitz 
 in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 39. — Wet soil on mountains, Virginia- to Alabama and Georgia; 
 first coll. by Michaux, but not published. 
 
 -(— -i— Akenes short-stipitate, vcntrally very gibbous, tipped with subulate long stigmatose 
 style. 
 
 T. sparsiflorum, Turcz. Stem a foot to a yard high, striate-angled, leafy to the top : 
 leaves twice or thrice ternate or quinate, upper gradually diminished and sessile : leaflets 
 rather small, often pulverulent-glandular beneath : flowers .sparse and narrowly paniculate : 
 filaments filiform with narrowly clavate summit, much longer than tiie often glandular- 
 pulierulent ovaries : akenes half rhombic-ovate (a line and a half wide), very flat, the dorsal 
 edge straight. — Tiircz. in Fisch. & Meyer, Ind. Sem. I'etrop. i. 40 (1835) ; Hegel, 1. c. t. 1 ; 
 Gray, PI. Wright, ii. 8; Wats. 1. e. 4 ; Lecoyer, 1. c. 155. T. rlm-alum, Hook. Fl. Btir.-Am. 
 i. 2 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 37, not DC. — Moist grounds. Hudson Bay district, from lat. .'i7° 
 to the Aleutian Islands, and southward in the Uocky Mountains to Colorado, in the Sierra 
 Madre to San Bernardino Co., Calif. (N. Asia.) 
 
 * * * * Flowers dioecious, in two species polygamo-dioecious, paniculate on a leafy stem : 
 sepals whitish, greenish, or dull purplish, early deciduous : stigmato.se style slender-sub- 
 ulate and more or less persistent : akenes either sessile or short-stipitate, moderately or 
 sometimes not at all gibbous. 
 
 H— Western species: akenes compressed but more or less tumid, manifestly ancipital. thin- 
 walled (except in T. rfjiM/osum) I filaments all capillary and weak: .anthers linear, mucro- 
 nate or apiculate : leaves 2-3- or lowest 4-ternately compound, or last divisions quinate, at 
 least the lower cauline petioled : leaflets (as in all our species) obovate or rounded, or 
 cuneate at base, or subcordate. 
 T. Fendleri, Engelm. A foot to a yard high, with 3 to 5 cauline leaves ; upper ones short- 
 jjetiuled or ses.sile : leaflets of rather firm texture, commonly half inch long, with lobes 
 rounded or sometimes mucronate acuminate : carpels either numerous or few in the head ; 
 akenes ovate or oblong-ovate, 2 or 3 lines long, moderately oblique, the ventral edge more 
 gibbous, each face mostly 3-nerved or ribbed, the central rib more salient, and the lateral 
 sometimes branched; seed linear-oblong or elongated-oblong. — Enijelm. in Gray, PI. IVndl. 
 5, & PI. Wright, ii. 7; Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. xiv. 289; Lecoyer, 1. c. 1'34 —Mountains of 
 W. Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, and north through California and the Rocky Moun- 
 
 1 Uinta Mts., Utah, Por/er, and White .Mts. of Afoiio Co., Oalif., Corillc k FunJit>m. 
 
 2 Near Nuttallbnvg, West Viiginia, ace. to Millspangli, Fl. W. Va. 320, nUo E. Tennes-sec. 
 
 Parry, Kearney. 
 
10 RANUNCULACE-^i:. ThaJiclrum. 
 
 tains to Moutaua ami Wvoining. Varial)le species, passing into the two followiug extreme 
 forms. 
 
 Var. Wrightii, Trei.ease. Slender and small-leaved : all or most of the cauline 
 leaves conspicuously petioled ; leaflets from a quarter t<> over lialf inch long : akencs smaller, 
 usually few, more angulate-tumid, the midnerve being carinate-salicnt at maturity: seed 
 oval-<jblong, almost completely filling the cell. — Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist, xxiii. 304. T. 
 Wrightii, Gray, PI- Wriglu. ii. 7. — New Mexico and S. Arizona, a form of a drier district, 
 first coll. by \Vri(jht. (Adj. .Mex.) 
 
 Var.* platycarpum, Tkelease, l. c. Inflorescence sparsely glandular-pnoerulent : 
 akenes large and flat, erect, 2 to .3 lines long and often fully 2 lines bruad, acuminate : vein.s 
 scarcely reticulated. — Coville, Coutr. U. S. Nat. Herb. iv. 55. T. hesperium, Greene, 
 Pittouia, ii. 24. — Foothills and high sierras of Centr. and S. California, Kelloijg & Harford, 
 Cnene, Gnu/, J\irisit Bros. 
 T.* polycarpmn, Watsox. Mostly robust and tall, thinner-leaved and glabrous through- 
 out : akene.s mure numerous, in fruit forming a globular head, larger (3 lines long including the 
 stii)e-like base, and two lines wide), flatter, but vesicular when fresh, obovate or somewhat 
 orbicular, only the midu^rve usually apparent and that with some branching veins, the cell 
 by no means filled by the oblong-linear seed. —Proc. Am. Acad. xiv. 288, & Bot. Calif, ii. 
 424. T. Feudleri, var. ? poli/carimm, Torr. Pacif. R. Ilep. iv. 61, mainly. T. Fendleri, 
 Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 4, mainly. T. aexium, Greene, Fl. Francis. 309, a form with 
 leaves incised nearly as in the original specimens collected by Bigelow. — Shady grounds, 
 through California, especially along the coast, apparently to Montana. Seemingly the fruit 
 is a monstrous condition, but it matures seed. 
 T. occidentale, (tRay. a foot or two high, with 2 or 3 usually slender-petioled cauline 
 leaves : leaflets membranaceous, glaucescent, commonly an inch or more long, the lobes 
 rounded ; akenes rather few or few maturing, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate and acuminate, 
 hardly at all oblicpie, 3 to 5 lines long, hardly over a line wide, prominently 3-norved on 
 each convex face, the midnerve slightlv more salient : seed nearly linear and filling the 
 cell. —Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 372; Wats. ibid. xiv. 28». T. dioicum, var. oxi/carpum, Torr. 
 Bot. Wilkes Exped. 212. — Moist and shaded ground, Brit. Columbia, east to Montana, and 
 south to Plumas Co.. California. T. megacarpum, Torr. in prem. Rep. 87 (name only) & 
 Trelease, 1. c. 303, is probably a form of this species with shorter broader akenes and some- 
 what thicker leaflets, thus forming a transition to some forms of T. Fendleri or perhaps the 
 following. 
 T.* venulosum, Trelease. Qnite smooth and very glaucous, 10 inches to 3 feet high : 
 stem and petioles often purplish and finely mottled : leaves 3-4-ternately divided, borne 
 upon rather long but stoutish and firm petioles ; primary divisions well stalked but leaflets 
 approximate, with .short petiolules, rather more firm of texture and smaller than in the 
 preceding species and veiny upon the pale or whitened lower surface, suborbicular in out- 
 line, crenately lol»ed : inflorescence commonly narrow: achenia 6 to 8, ovate, not strongly 
 flattened, almost sessile, narrowed to a slender straight or moderately curved beak, walls 
 thickish, at lea.st fii>mer tharn in the neighboring species; ribs forming at maturity prominent 
 free angles not connectedly reticulation. — Proc. Bost. Soc, Nat. Hist, xxiii. 302. ? T. Fend- 
 leri, J. M. Macoun, Bot. Gaz. xvi. 285. — Mountainous districts from Colorado, Parri/, 
 Va'sei/, and S. Dakota, R;idheig, to Oregon, Cusick; Washington, y^asei;, Piper, Hull, 
 Henderson, and Rocky Mts. of Brit. Columbia? Macoun. A species nearly related to the 
 eastern 7'. dioicum. A doubtful specimen with more expanded inflorescence has been 
 collected on the plains of the Saskatchewan, Bourgean. 
 
 ^_^_ Eastern species; akenes terete or nearly so, costateangled (some, of the ribs rarely 
 branching or anastomosing), little or not at all gibbous, either sessile or short-stipitate (in 
 the same species), thick-walled, the cell filled by the seed: filiform-subulate styles elon- 
 gated, surpassing the sepals. 
 ++ Mostly tall (2 to 8 feet high) : leaves 3 or 4 times ternate; cauline several, upper or all 
 of them se.ssile or subsessile by a spathaceous base ; leaflets from roundish to oblong, com- 
 monly with mucronate lobes or tip, of rather firm texture: akenes ovoid or short jblong. 
 seldom over 2 lines long, wnth 5 or 6 acute angulate ribs, the sutural ones slightly more 
 salient : .sepals caducous : filaments white in anthesis, or sometimes purplisli : styles 
 tardilv brcakins: awav 
 
ThaUclrwn. RAXrNCULACK.E. 17 
 
 T. poiygamum, Mi hl. Stem tall. iiiDstlv {^reen, glabrouB, nut manifoslly glandular: loaf- 
 Iits sometimes minutely anil sparsely jnibeseent heueatb (the Iiairs Himi)lo ami jianeieeliuLir) : 
 panielcs naked and mostly eorymbosc: iiuwers polygamous, developed toward midnnmnier, 
 more corymbosely clustered than in tiie following: .sepals and stamens mostly white; tiie 
 latter comparatively short, ere<t. with strongly elavate and rugulose filani'iits broader than 
 the oval or obloug pointless (or rarely apiculatc) anthers. — Cat. 54 (1813), & ed. 2, .">(; 
 (1818), with eliar. " smootl), ]ioli/i/amoiis." T. jmbesans, J'ursh, Fl. ii. .'188, by part of char, 
 but not as to pubescence. T. cori/iielhim, DC. Syst. i. 172; Leeoyer, 1. <•. 143. T. Comuii, 
 Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 3, partly (var. fi) ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 38." T. Cormiii, Cray, Man. 
 eds. 1-5, not L., of which see below. T. leiicoshmon, Koch & Bouclie, Ind. Sem'. II. .rt. 
 Berol. 1854; \Valp.^\nn. iv. 12. — Low or wet grounds, New Brunswick and Lower Can- 
 ada to upper parts of Carolina and Florida; at the north liowering in July anil Aug. 
 There are male plants with sterile ovaries, and female witii some i)olliniferuus staniens. 
 A variety (f.om N. New York to mountains of Carolina) lias akenes ratlier conspicuouslv 
 stipitate. 
 
 Var.* macrostylum, Rohin.sox, n. var. Very slender: leaflets small, subentire: 
 llouer.s nearly dia-cious, the fertile ie.ss numerous and in a more spreading panicle than in 
 the typical form : heads of akenes small, dense, and spherical. — T. Cornuti, var. brerifoliuin, 
 Siuittleworth in herl). I\ Coimiti, var. murrosti/him, Shuttleworth in distr. Rugel. 7'. 
 7n(irrosti/lum, Small & Heller, Mem. Torr. Club, iii. 8. — Mountains of North Carolina to 
 Georgia, Riif/cl, Smnll & Heller. A well marked variety, but passing into the type. 
 
 T. purpurascens, L. Stem 2 to 4 feet high or taller, often purplish : leaflets mostly 
 oblong or oblong-cuneate, more veiny and reticulated, beneath with or without some glaml- 
 less or gland-tipped minute hairs or with waxy atoms: panicles loose and more pyramidal : 
 flowers nearly dia'cions (rarely with a few imperfect anthers to the female flowers) : sepals 
 usually gi'cenish or purplish : fllaments wliite or pur])lis!i, cajiillary, yet occasionally clavel- 
 late at summit, soon drooping : anthers linear or oblong-linear, nmcronate or mucromilate. 
 — Spec. i. 546, & ed. 2, i. 769 (T. Viniiniannm elatius (jlaucuin, Morison) ; tiray, .Man. 
 ed. 3, 39. T. piirpurascena, & T. rugomm (not Ait.), Pursh, 1. c. 388, 389 ; Spreug. I'ugill. i. 38. 
 T. pubescciis, Pursh, 1. c. 388, in jjart. T. ptir/naascens, & T. revohttiim, & partly T. Carolini- 
 anum, DC. Syst. i. 174. 7'. Conmti, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 3,t. 2 (var. a), &c. T. daa.irarpum, 
 Fisch. & Lall. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1841, 72 ; Walp. Hep. i. 13 ; Leeoyer, 1. c. 145, form 
 with akenes sparsely pubescent, and some of its ribs not rarely interrupted or branching. 
 T. revoliitiim, Leeoyer, 1. c. 146, tiie form with lower face of leaves and simietimes other 
 parts copiou.sly glandular, the ghmds or waxy atoms some .surmounting short hairs, some 
 sessile. This is T. imrfnintsrens, var. cerij'eriim, C. F. Austin in Gray, Man. ed. 5, 39; but 
 all the varieties freely run together. Muhlenberg, F"l. Lancast. ms.. well described the 
 species under the name of T. rjmveolciis, on account of the heavy scent, which is greater- in 
 the more glandular form. — On drier ground, Canada and Saskatchewan to Florida, Texas, 
 New Mexico, and Arizcma ; fl. spring and earliest summer. 
 
 T.* COriaceum, Sm.u.l. Dicecious, 3 to 6 feet high : roots of stout bright yellow fibres : the 
 short petioles niucli dilateil : leaflets obovate or suhorl)icular in outline and creiiate-toothed 
 or lobed nearly as in the following, pale beneath, thickish for the genus but scarcely at all 
 coriaceous: akenes more or less strongly .stipitate. — Mem. Torr. ('lub, iv. 98. T.dioinim, 
 var. coriaceum, Britton, Bull. Torr. Club, xviii. 363. — Mountains of Southwestern Virginia 
 and North (Carolina, Porter, Small, Heller. 
 
 ++•»-* Comparatively low, wholly dinecious, and the fewer cauline leaves slender-petioled : 
 leaflets with rounded and pointless lobes or teeth : akenes small (le.ss than 2 lines long), 
 completely terete and with equal ribs ; the stigma or style deciduous. 
 
 T. dioicum, L. Fibrou.'s-rooted, glaucous or pale : stem a foot or two high, only 2-3-leaTed : 
 leaves thrice or lowest four times ternate ; leaflets mostly slender-petiolnlate and drooping, 
 roundish and snbcordate : panicles rather small and pedicels umbelhite : flowers greenish m itb 
 dull purplish tinge ; the male drooping, with capillary filaments little longer than the linoar 
 fuscous mucronate anthers : carjiels 5 to 13 : linear stigma occupying the whole length »>f 
 the .style and broader, much longer than the ovary : akenes strongly 10-12-costate. — Spec, 
 i. 545: Torr. & Grav, Fl. i. 3S; Meehan. Native Flowers, i. 45, t. 12. T. hmtjntum. Michx. 
 ri. i. .122. T. Cnn.liui'nuim, Hose in DC. Sv.st. i. 174, excl. v;.r —W, ..,!..! l,;n..l,I... \.u- 
 
18 RANUXCULACE.E. Thulicfnnn. 
 
 Brunswick and Canarla, north to lat. 67°, west to the hase of the nortliern Rocky jMuun- 
 
 tains, and south to Carolina, Alabama, &c. ; 11. early spring. 
 
 T. debile, Buckl. Fascicled roots tuberous : stems weak and slender or filiform, a span to a 
 
 foot long, 2-4-leaved : leaves mostly twice ternate ; leaflets .small (2 to 8 lines long), roundi.sh : 
 
 panicle loosely few-flowered, slender and racemiform : flowers greenish yellow ; male with 7 
 
 to 11 .stamens with slender filaments shorter than the olilong-linear mucronulato anthers ; 
 
 female with 3 to 9 carpels : stigma.** subulate : akenes sessile and subtended by the marcescent 
 
 calyx, oblong, 6-8-costate.— Am. Journ. Sci. xlv. 175; Gray, PI. Wright, ii. 8; Chapm. 
 
 Fl. 5 ; Leco\ er, 1. c. 139. — Woods and moist prairies, Alabama, Btulclr.i/, N. W. Georgia, 
 
 Chapman, and E. Te.xas, Wrir/ht. Var. TexAnum, Gray (Cat. Coll. Hall, PI. Te.x. 3), is a 
 
 form with firmer stem and thicker smaller leaflets nmch whitened beneath and but 1 to 2^ 
 
 lines iu breadth ; collected ou moist prairies about Houston, Hall. 
 
 ■ T. Corni3ti, L. Spec. i. 545. It becomes evident that this name ought to suh.side, as Do 
 
 Oandolle suggested. It rests wholly on the descriptious and figures of Cornuti and of 
 
 Morison, the latter apparently taken from the former; which, though meutioned a-s "in 
 
 Canadensi solo nascitur," was almost certainly figured and described from a plant of the 
 
 European T.af/uileyifolium, L. 
 
 T. KUGOSUM, Ait. Kew. ii. 262, said to be a native of North America, and to have been 
 introduced into cultivation in England by Dr. Fothergill in 1774, has hermaphrodite flowers 
 and is a form of T. (/laucum of Europe. T. discolor, Willd. ace. to Spreng. Pugill. i. 39, is 
 also T. glaucum, and not American. 
 
 6. TRAUTVETTfiRIA, Fisch. & Meyer. {Prof. Ernst Rudolph Traut- 
 vetter, Rus.sia.) — Pereuuial herbs; with iDalmatifid and reticulate-veiny leaves, 
 the radical ample and long-petioled, the few cauline short-petioled or sessile ; the 
 stem branching at summit and bearing loose corymbose cymes of white flowers, 
 the filaments being white and conspicuous in the manner of Thalictvum, the 
 greenish white sepals falling when they open. — Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1835, 
 22 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 37 ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 25, t. 1} Hydrastis, Lam. 111. 
 t. 500, not L. — Three species, much alike, the third in Japan and Amur; fl. 
 summer. 
 
 T. palmata, Fiscn. & Meyer, 1. c. Two or three feet high, puberulcnt or glabrous : 
 radical leaves a span to a foot in diameter, 5-1 1-cleft, with lobes irregularly and acutely 
 incised and serrate, or some again 2-3-lobed, extremely and conspicuously reticulate-veiny ; 
 cauline leaves sessile or the lowest petioleil : akenes 2 or 3 lines long, obliquely obovate in 
 outline, tipped with very short style. —Torr. & Gray, 1. c. ; Gray, 1. c. 26, & Man. 40.2 
 //yrf;as</,s Caro/inens(s, Walt. Car. 156. //. Canorfens/s, Poir. vSuppl. iii. 71, not L. Cimici- 
 fitga palmata, Michx. Fl. i. 316 ; Sims, Bot. Mag. 1. 1630. Thnllctrum ranunculinum, Muhl. in 
 Willd. Pnum. 585 ; DC. Syst. i. 186. T. palmatum, Spreng. Syst. ii. 674. Actaa palmata, 
 DC. Syst. i. 383. — Moist ground along streamlets, Indiana » and E. Kentucky, and along the 
 Alleghanies from Maryland to Georgia. 
 
 T. grandis, Nftt. Not larger : leaves thinner, inconspicuously reticulate-veined.; cauline 
 usually petioled : akenes smaller, broader and more rounded at base, tipped with a longer 
 style. — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 37 ; Wats. Bot. Calif, ii. 425 ; Lawson, Rev. Canad. 
 Ranunc. 43. T. palmata, var. occidentalis, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 372. Jrtea pal- 
 mata. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 2C. A. (jrandts, Dietr. Syn. PI. iii. 233. — Woods, W. Idaho 
 and Brit. Columbia to Plumas Co., California, Mrs. Austin ; first coll. by Menzies. 
 
 7. ADONIS, Dill. Pheasant's-eye. (^rfom's, the youth Joved by Venus, 
 and after liis death changed into a flower.) — Caulescent herbs of the Old World; 
 with finely dissected leaves and handsome flowers; a perennial vernal species 
 
 1 Recent literature : E. Huth, Revision, in Engl. Jahrb. xvi. 286. 
 
 2 Add Syn. T. CnroHnie'nsis, A. M. Vail, Mem. Torr. Cliib, ii. 42. 
 
 3 Westward to Bcar<lstown, 111.-, 6Vv«- (a thic-kisli-leaved form, the var. coriacea of Huth, 1. c. 288). 
 
Mfjnsiirus. It A N L N t T L A L E A ,E. \ \) 
 
 (A. verualis) sometimes cultivated for ornament, and the following a precariously 
 naturalized weed. — Cat. PI. Giss. App. 109, t. 4 ; L. Gen. no. 4G.j. 
 A. autdmnAlis, L. Low annual, summer-flowering, leafy : petals st-arlet or crim.son or piiler, 
 ^vith a dark .s])ot at hase : mature akeues riigose-retienlatc, sliort-pointed. — Spec. e<i. a, 
 i. 771 ; Sehk. Handb. t. 152; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 9 ; Torr. & V,r,\\\ FI. i. l.-i. .1. (ihhuu, 
 L. Spec. i. .547, in part. — Labrador, herli. Hooker, doubtles.s a tr.m.sient introdnclion. 
 Sparingly and occa.'*ionall} met with in and near lieid.s, especially in S. Atlantic and (Jnlf 
 States. (Nat. i'rom Fn.) 
 
 8. MYOStTRUS, Dill. Moisetail, (Name ij-om /xCs, a mouse, and 
 ovpd, tail, alludes to the shape of spike of pistils.) — Very small annuals, of tem- 
 perate countries ; with linear or filiform or at first spatulate entire leaves in a 
 radical tuft, and simple one-Howered scapes ; the yellowish or whiti.sh flower suc- 
 ceeded by the slender spike or (in depauperate specimens) oblong lica<l of carpels. 
 These are in all the species more or less follicular, dehiscing suturally when they 
 separate from the axis, liberating the seed ! Spur or appendage to the sepals 
 variable, in some flowers obsolete. — Cat. PI. Giss. App. 106, t. 4 (as Myosuron) ; 
 L. Gen. no. 257.-^ 
 
 * Mature carpels with back carinate from base to apex (and commonly but \ariably pro 
 longed into a tip or beak), not subcrose- or cellular-thickened. 
 
 M. apetalus, (^.w. Petals not rarely wanting: body of tlic akene oblong, or semi-ovate, 
 utricular, thiu or even scarious ; the narrow thickened back traversed by a salient greenish 
 keel: seed oblong. — Fl. Chil. i. 31, t. 1 ; Gray. Bull. Torr. Club, xiii. 2. M. aristutus, 
 Benth. in Hook. Lend. Jonrn. Bot. vi. 458 ; "Wats. Bot. King Exp. 5 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. 
 Calif, i. 5 ; Hook. f. Fl. N. Zeal. i. 8. — Mountains of Colorado, Utah, and Idaho to Brit. 
 Columbia, California, and Arizona; first coll. t)y Gei/er. (Chili, New Zealand, &c.) The 
 typical form has carpel-spike from near an inch long and linear-cylindrical down to (|uarter 
 inch and ovoid-oblong, and more or less squarrose by the prolongation of the salient keel of 
 the carpels into a subulate ascending or spreading Ijeak, which is sometimes as long as the 
 body of the akene itself, but is occasionally erect and much sliorter.- 
 
 Var. leptlirUS, Gray. Slender : carpel-spike narrower ; cari)els mostly smaller, 
 beaklcss or very short-pointed : seed elongated-oblong. — Bull. Torr. Cluli, xiii 2. M. mini- 
 niiis, var. fllformis, Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. i. 277, in small part. M. austrulis, Mucll. 
 Trans. Phil. Soc. Victoria, i. 6 (1855), & M. minimus, Benth. Fl. Austral, i. 8? — Same 
 range, or nearly, from many collectors, and with intermediate forms; passed in various col- 
 lections as Af. minimus. 
 
 M. minimus, L. Carpel-spike commonly elongated, inch or two long : mature carpels 
 somewhat quadrate, witli broader usually rhomboidal and Hat back, traversed by very low 
 keel, ending in a short and appressed or often obsolete pointed tij> (in eastern sjiecimfens the 
 tip often wholly wanting, as in fig. Sclik. Handb. t. 88, it. Gray, Gen. 111. i. 2f<) ; the body 
 less utricular and thicker-walled: seed oval. — Spec. i. 284; Gray, 1. c. i. 28, t. 8; IJaill. 
 Hist. PI. i. 42, i. 71-75. M. Shortii, Raf. Am. Journ. Sci. i. 379. — Low ground. Illinois 
 to Florida and west to Wa,shington and California. A variety from California (also Sicilian) 
 has fruiting scapes only 2 to 6 lines long.-'' (En., N. Afr.) 
 
 M. sessilis, Watson. Flowers and cylindrical (half inch long ami a line thi<'k) carpel- 
 spikes sessile at the crown; the latter in a s])i-eading tuft, nuu-li shorter than the leaves : 
 carpels with oval scarious utricular I)ody and narrow acutely carinate green back, continued 
 
 1 Further literature: E. L. Greene, Revision, Bull. Calif. Acid. Sci. i. 276-279; A. Gray, Not4s 
 on Myosurus, Bull. Torr. Club, xiii. 1-4; E. Ilutii, Revision, in Engl. .Ji.lirb. xvi. 28.V2S6. 
 
 2 M. aristatu^, var. sessiliflorm, E. Huth 1. c. 286, from N. W. Solano, Calif., Jepson, differs oidy 
 in its sessile flowers. 
 
 3 This is the M. hrriiscapiis, v.ir. Cnli/oitiiciu^ of Huth, 1. c. 28,'>, but ai>poars to be tlioroiigldy 
 confluent with M. minimHji. 
 
20 RANUNCULACE^. Mnosurue.. 
 
 into a prominent erect or slightly spreading subulate beak : seed oval. — Proc. Am. Awid. 
 xvii. 3Gi; Greene, 1. c. 278. — Alkaline Hats iu Umatilla Co, N. E. Oregon, Howell.^ 
 * * Mature carpels with back developed into a wliitish cellular- or suberose-cartilaginous 
 border around the salient and laterally compressed-beaked keel. 
 
 M. alopecuroides, Greene. Scapes short and tliickish, bearing a f'^ekish fruiting 
 .<j)ike: niatuic larji.ls somewhat ijuadrate, with cellular-scarious body, and oblong thickened 
 cellular-bordered somewhat concave l)ack, tlie short keel projecting into a prominent and 
 spreading subulate beak : seed oblong-oval. — Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. i. 278. -^ California, 
 near Antioch, Mrs. Cnnan.'^ Spur or appendage of sepals (as in other species) of variable 
 length, not rarely short or almost obsolete. 
 
 M. cupulatus, Watson. Scapes elongated and slender, bearing a mostly elongated and 
 slender fruiting spike : mature carpels roundish, slightly compressed within, the almost 
 cartilaginous much-thickened portion ])rojccting into a shallow dor.sal cup around the base 
 of the laterally much flattened triangular-subulate or gladiate erect or slightly spreading 
 green beak ; the proper cell small and narrow, filled with the ov.al seed. — Proc. Am. Acad, 
 xvii. 362 ; Greene, 1. c. — Hills and mountains of Arizona and adjacent New Mexico, Greene, 
 Lemmon, Pringle. 
 
 9. RANtJNCULUS, Tourn. Crowfoot, Buttercup. (Latin name of 
 a tadpole, applied by Pliny to aquatic species of this genus.) — A large ami 
 much diversified cosmopolitan genus of perennial or annual herbs, of various 
 habit. — Inst. 285, t. 149; L. Gen. no. 464; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 15, incl. 
 Cyrtorhyncha, Nutt. ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 5, incl. Oxygraphis, Bunge ; Gray, 
 Proc. Am. Acad. xxi. 363-378. 
 
 R. FicAri.v, L. (representing the section FicAria, which has roots tuberous-thickened down- 
 ward, Cu///ia-like leaves, and scapiform peduncle bearing a 3-sepalous and about 9-petalous 
 flower) has been collected at Flushing, Long Island, and on the Wissahickon near Phila- 
 delphia 8 escapes from cultivation. There is no telling what Walter's R. Ficaria may be, 
 perhaps Caltha. 
 
 R. HornemAnni, Schlecht. Animad. Ranuue. ii. 36 ; DC. Prodr. i. 44 (/?. tiiberosiis, Ilornem. 
 Ilort. Hafn. ii. 527) is purely R. bulbosus,Jide Lange. 
 
 R. DEBii.is, Raf. in Desv. Joum. Bot. i. 225 (1808), coll. near Germantown, Penn., is not 
 to be made out. 
 
 R. OBTUsiT5scuLrs, Raf. 1. c. is equally indeterminable, even with the help of a tracing from 
 an original sketch, possessed by the N. Y. Academy of Science.s, which is probably not true 
 to nature, representing cauline foliage of R. pusillus, from an annual root, 5-merous poly- 
 androus flowers witii persistent linear-lanceolate sepals and a long style. 
 
 § 1. BatrAchium, DC. Petals white with yellow base and a naked (not 
 scale-covered) nectariferous pit : akenes of JEuranuncuIus but transversely rugose, 
 marginless : stamens often few : aquatic or occasionally subaquatic, either peren- 
 nial by rooting from the nodes or winter-annuals, with submersed leaves filiform- 
 dissected and either with or without emersed dilated leaves ; the stipular-dilated 
 base of petiole membranous : peduncles solitary, opposite the leaves. — Syst. i. 
 233. Batrachium, S. F. Gray, Brit. PI. ii. 720; Wimmer, Fl. Schles. ^, fide 
 Fries, Bot. Not. 1842, no. 8, & Novit. Mant. iii. 51. Ranunculus kydrocharis, 
 Spenner, Fl. Frib. 1007; Hiern in Seem. .Tourn. Bot. ix. 44. Between this 
 
 1 Also San Joaquin Val., Calif., Greene, ace. to Hutli, who places in this species also Prof. Greene's 
 M. minimus, var. apus (Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci. i. 277). 
 
 2 Also near V.icaville, Calif., Grerne. 
 
 ^ Also at Hingham, Mass , Cun/ihi;/, and Willow Brook, Richmond Co., N. Y. ace. to Hollick & 
 Britton, Bull. Torr. CluV), xviii. 21-3. 
 
Banunculus. UANLNCL'LACE.E. 31 
 
 reductiou to one species and the admission of 35, pruluiljlv tlic 1k.-Uit elioi<-e is Uj 
 admit the following tiloiig with Ji. Jiuitans, Lum., and thus preserve the earliest 
 
 names. 
 
 * Styles subulate, nut loii^r,-r tliaii tlio ovary, iutmrsciy Mlif,'iii:it..s.^ f..r pari ..r :ill <.f their 
 
 length : petals deciduous. 
 H- Carpel-receptacle more or less hairy : submersed (■ai)ilhiry-niultilid folia^'e always 
 preseut, oftener no other in American jdants: petals several-nerved.— A', w/uulihs, L. 
 
 R. circinatUS, Siuxn. Wholly sul)mersed and destitute of emersed foliaf^e: leaves seswilc 
 (down to the very sliort stipular-dilated base) and dissecte<l into rigid lobes, all spreading in 
 one plane (at riglit angles to stem) in an orl)icular outline of about an indi in diameter, not 
 at all collapsing when drawn out of water : style as long as tlie ovary, stigmat^)se above, n<.t 
 rarely persisting as a subulate beak. — Fl. Oxon. 175 ; Eng. Bot. Sui)pl. iv. t. 28G'J ; Ueichenl*. 
 Ic. Fl. Germ. iii. t. 2; Fl. Dan. t. 22.36. R. af/uatilis, /3, L. Spec. i. 55G, in part; Sciik. 
 Ilandb. t. 152. R. stafjnatalis, Wallr. Sched. Crit. 285. R. rhjidus, Uutli. En. I'l. Pba:uog. 
 Germ. i. sec. 2, 633. R. dicuricatus, Kocii in Sturm, Deutsch. Fl. xvi. Heft 67, &c. (not, 
 it is said, of Schrank, nor of Ma-uch) ; Godroii, Ess. 27, f. 7 , Gray, Man. cd. 5, 40, & PI. 
 Wright, ii. 8. R. aquatUis, var. divaricatus, Gray, Man. ed. 2, 7. R. lunyuostris, Godron, 
 1. c. 32, f. 9. R.aquatilis,\aT. hmjiroslris, Lawson, 1. c. 43. /Jiilracluum c'n'inntum, Spach, 
 Hist. Veg. vii. 201 ; Fries, Herb. Norm. 1842, &c.i — In still water, Gauada and Hudson liay 
 to Brit. Columbia, and W. Texas, but mainly northeastward. (Eu.) 
 
 R. aquatilis, L. Leaves pctioled ; the emersed ones present in the type, renifonn or orbicu- 
 lar, 3-.")-lobed or sometimes parted and tlie divisions 2-3-cleft : sultmersed ones dissected 
 into eitlier filiform or capillary divisions, wliich are widely spreading, usually of rather tirin 
 texture, or else flaccid so as to collapse when drawn out of water : style short. — Spec. i. 
 556, &c. The typical form is var. HKTEROrnYLLUS, DC. Frodr. i. 26 (/i. ui/uutilis, DC. 
 Sys't. i. 234, R. heterophjlUis, Weber, Fries, &c.) ; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 10; Gray, .Man. od. 
 5^ 40..2 — Growing in shalbjw waters, in this country only from Alaska and the a<ijacent 
 islands (where taken by Schlechteudal for R. hedema'us) to Oregon and California. (Eu., 
 Asia.) 
 
 Var. trichophyllus, Gu.w, 1. c. All the leaves di.ssected : tlie most available 
 name for the collective forms [R. pantothnx, Brot in DC. Syst. i. 235); l>ut used in 
 restricted sense for tliose witli rather sliort and slightly rigid leaves, whicli do not collap.<;e 
 on withdrawal from the v>a.ter. — R. tric/iophj/llus, Chaix in Vill. Fl. Daupli. i. 335, & 7.'. 
 divaricatus, Schrank, Baiersclie Fl. ii. H)4,Jide Hiern.8 Var. nuAenvpus, Hook. & Arn. Bot. 
 Beech. 316, with peduncle shorter tliaii tlic leaf, is the commoner form of this in California.* 
 "Var. C/KSI'1t6sus, DC. Prodr. i. 26, is a dwarf and coinlenscd form, boconiing terrestrial ; 
 the leaves becoming somewbat fleshy or rigiil. Var. coNKKKVofuES (A', con/firoides, Frie.o, 
 Sum. Veg. Scand. i. 139) is aTlwarf form with capillary flabby leaves, found only north- 
 ward. Var. flAccidls (A. flnccidus, I'ers. in Usteri, Ann. Bot. v. pt. 14, 39), with soft 
 cai)illary dissected leaves, collapsing on withdrawal from the water : New England, New 
 York, &c., commonly a large form, in rather deep water, with longer or le.-js numerous leaf- 
 divisions : answering to A. aquatilis, var. submersus, Godron in Cireu. & Godr. Fl. Fr. i. 23, 
 
 1 Add syn. Batrachium divmicatum, Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, v. 160, not Wimm. (wbi.-li Wing 
 R. divaricntus, Schrank, was, ace. to Hieni, a fomi of the plant here called lianuncultu nyipiti/M, vnr. 
 trichophyllus). 
 
 2 Add syn. A. Grnynntis, Freyn, Deutsche Bot. Monat.sschr. viii. 179, and A. wiuatihs, var. his- 
 pididiis. Drew, Bull. Torr. Club, xvi. 150. The hispid character of the lower surface of the eniei-swi 
 leaves is a very general one both in European and American specimens, and is in no wise restricted to 
 plants with trifid leaves. 
 
 8 Add syn. Batrachium trichnphyllum, Roscb, Prodr. Fl. Bat. .1. 
 
 * R. Porteri, Britton (Bull. Torr. Club, xvii.310). known from iniiierfect specimens, appears to 1k) 
 hut 11 form of the same polymorphous species. Its akenes are three fourths line in .liamet^r and iU 
 leaves are dissected, .some into narrowly linear, others into lilifomi segments. If a form of this si>ecio9 
 it may also be placed between vars. caspHo.tus and Iricho/dri/llii.';. 
 
22 liANUNCL'LACE.'E. Kanunculus. 
 
 & B. aquatilis, \aT. trichophi/llus. Gray, Man. ed. 5,40. — In ponds, and especially iu slow- 
 flowing streams, almost everywhere. (Ku., Asia.) 
 
 -»— -f— Carpel-receptacle glabrou.s : uo submersed dissected leaves : ])etals about 3-ucrved, 
 narrow. 
 
 R. hederAceus, L. 1. c. Rooting freely on muddy banks or in shallow water : leaves all 
 reniform, angulate-lobed : peduncles uot surpassing the petiole : flowers small, with few and 
 small aiienes. — FI. Dan. t. 321 ; Eug. Bot. t. 2003 ; Reicheub. Ic. Fl. Germ. iii. t. 2. —In 
 fresh water marshes at Norfolk, V'irginia, Afuir.^ (Nat. from Eu.) 
 
 * * Styles long and filiform, with small terminal stigma : petals deciduous. 
 
 R. Lobbii, Guay. Submersed leaves either none or few and of few divisions: cmersed 
 small (at most half inch broad), divergently 3-parted into oval or oblong and entire or 
 L-2-notclied lobes : stamens .5 to 10: carpels not more numerous ; styles about thrice the 
 length of the ovary, of equal width from base to apex, only the ba.se persisting on the 
 oblong obliquely rugose akenes, these mostly enclosed in the marcesceut-persistent petals : 
 receptacle small, wholly glabrous. — Proc. Am. Acad. xxi. 364. R. hydrocharis, forma 
 Lobbii, Hiern in Seem. Journ. Bot. ix. 66, t. 114 (as sub-species), at least as to Bigelow's 
 plant, and probably as to that of Lobb from Oregon. R. Itederaceiis, var., Torr. Pacif. R. 
 Rep. iv. 62. R. ac/uatilis, \a.v. Lobbti, Wats. Bibl. Index, 17. R. hedemceus, var. Lobbii, 
 Lawson, Rev. Canad. Raimuc. 44, partly. — In water. California, Corte Madera, Marin Co. ; 
 near Bay of Sau Francisco, Bigelow; Tomales Bay, Greene; Oregon, Lobb, in herb. Kew. 
 
 § 2. PsEUDAPiiANOSTEMMA, Gray. Petals and petaloid (white tardily decid- 
 uous) sepals of § Aphanostemyna, with carpels and habit of § Oxygraphis : viz. 
 the former inane, reduced to a minute fleshy-thickened lamina or nectary on a 
 slender claw ; the latter lanceolate, acuminate, compressed, membranaceous and 
 utricular, obscurely one-nerved on the sides, the cell much longer than the seed. 
 — Proc. Am. Acad. xxi. 365. Kumlienia, Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. i. 337. 
 
 R. hystriculus, Gray. Low and glabrous perennial with fascicled roots : leaves mainly 
 radical, long-petioled, orbicular-xeniform, 5-7-lobed and coar.sely crenate-dentate : scapes a 
 span or two high, naked or one-leaved below and one-flowered, sometimes with a small leaf 
 above and a second flower: sepals 5 or 6, oval, quarter to half inch long: carpels numerous 
 in a globose and squarrose head when mature, sparsely pubescent, lanceolate and gradually 
 attenuate into the persistent style (together about 3 lines long) ; the oval seed supra-ba,sal. 
 — Proc. Am. Acad. vii. 328 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 6. Kumlienia hijstricula, Greene, 
 1. c. — Moist ground, western side of the Sierra Nevada, at .5,000 feet, Yosemite to Butte 
 Co., Boliinder,. Brerver, Mrs. AustiJi, Rattan, &c. 
 
 § 3, Crtmodes (i. e, glacialis). Gray. Petals rose-color or white (ample, 
 nectariferous and with imperfect scale), and with the sepals marcesceut-per- 
 sistent: carpels utricular: seed oblong: showy flowered low perennials, with 
 fibrose-fasciculate roots, arctic or alpine, with the notable exception of the follow- 
 ing, glabrous at least up to the sepals. — Proc. Am. Acad. xxi. 365. 
 
 R. Andersonii, Gray. A span or two high : leaves chiefly radical, 2-3-ternately or 
 pedately divided or parted ; lobes thickish, lanceolate to linear: scape one-leaved or naked, 
 1-2-flowered : sepals glabrous: petals rose-color or pink, orliicular or flabellate-obovate witli 
 narrow claw, half inch long : mature carpels wholly utricular and membranous-walled but 
 compressed, obovate-orbicular and oblique, 3 lines long, the cell of the whole width except ;i 
 very narrow scarious margin, abruptly apicnlate with very .short style. — Proc. Am. Acad, 
 vii. 327 ; Wats. Bot. King Exp. 6, t. 1 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 6, with a slender form, 
 var. tenellus, Wats.^ — Eastern part of Sierra Nevada, California and Nevada, Anderson, 
 
 1 Also collected in Dismal Swamp, Va., Ckickering, and in Newfoundland, at New Harbor, ^Vac/- 
 home, Bona Vista Bay, Oshnrn, and Quiddy Viddy Lake, Robinson & Schrenh. fiatrachium hede- 
 raceum, S. F. Gray, Brit. PI. ii. 72, is a synonjin. 
 
 2 Add syn. Oxygraphis Andersoni, Freyn, Flora, Ixx. 140. 
 
Ranunculus. RANUNCULACEyE. 23 
 
 Ltmiiwn, &c. to uear Salt Lake, Utali, WuWm, in.-., ami Boise City, S. W. Idaho, WUcui, 
 at 5,000 to 9,000 foot. 
 
 11. Chamissonis, Schleolit. Aiiimad Uaiiuiic i. 12, t. 1, is known (Jiily on the Artiatic Biilo 
 of Bering Strait, aud is uincii neairr ihe following, Imt with more utrimilar and gildnjuj* fruit 
 and longer more naked style (accordin;^ to herh. Kew) ; it is vcrv little known. 
 
 R. glaciAlis, L., of Europe, ou the otlier hand, coming ;us near the Amcrieau coutiticnt 
 as Greenland, has dark-hairy ealyx and longer beaked bniadly semi-ovate carpels ; when young 
 these are wholly scarious-utricular ; in age the portion immediately around tlie seed l>ccome8 
 coriaceous, the rest forming the hyaline wing, which, however, is bilamelljir and pervious*. 
 
 § 4. CYiiTORnvNCUA,^ Gray. Pefcils pale yellow, bearing a promiueut simple 
 or bifid callosity on the inner face (with the whitish or yellowish membranaceous 
 sepals) deciduous : stamens about 20 : carpels in a globular head, Thulictnunr 
 like, in fruit somewhat utricular akeues, oblong, terete, or ovate and laterally 
 flattened, prominently about 10-costate, tipped with a short subulate inflexed or 
 slightly recurved style, subcoriaceous, loosely lilied by the oblong erect seed: 
 fibrose-rooted perennials. — (Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. G.) Proc. Acad. Philad. 
 18G3, 56. Cyrtorhyncha, Nutt. in Torn & Gray, Fl. i. 2G. 
 
 R. Nuttallii, Gray, I. c. A span to near a foot high, glabrous: leaves 2-3-teruately divided 
 aud parted into oblong or lanceolate lobes ; radical loug-petiolcd, cauline one or two and 
 small : stems corymbosely several-liowered : petals 5 to 9, 2 lines long, spatulate-oblong : 
 akenes a line or so long. — Cj/rtorhynclia ranunculina, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, 1. c. — Ilocky 
 Mountains of Wyoming aud Colorado ; fl. >:pring and summer; first coU. by Nuttall. 
 
 R. Cooleyae, Vasky & Rose. Glabnrus, 3 to 10 inches high: root a cluster of stout fibres: 
 leaves cliietly radical, orbicular iu outline, deeply aud palmately 3-5-cleft, 1 to 1^ inches 
 in diameter; the lobes flabelliform, creuate-dentate and again more or less deeply parted ; 
 the cauline leaves solitary or absent, smaller and of simpler contour : stem simple or on«e 
 branched : sepals greenish or yellowi.sh white, broadly oblong, obtuse, 4 lines in length : 
 petals bright yellow, having a bifid thickening near the junction of the very short claw and 
 the narrowly oblong blade, 2i to 3 lines iu length : carpels very numerous, only partly 
 ripening, at maturity ovate, laterally compressed aud keeled, tipped with a slender gently 
 recurved style with small terminal stigma. — Contrib. U. 8. Nat. Herb. i. 289, t. 22. 
 Knmlienia C'ooleija\ Greene, Erythea, ii. 193 & ? iii. 53. — Rocky hiUs near the snow level, 
 Al.aska, uear Juneau, Miss C'oulei/ ; St Elias .Alps above Disenchantment Bay, Funsion ; fi. & 
 fr. August. A plant of doubtful affinities, possessing mucli the habit of the Californian 
 A', hy.itriculus, but the shorter smooth thickish more strongly ribbed akenes as well as the 
 petals of the preceding. 
 
 § 5. Halodes, Gray. Petals yellow, with nectariferous spot and scjile, 
 deciduous with the sepals : mature carpels thin-walled and utricular, compressed, 
 the sides striate with several simple or sparingly branched nerves : perenni:il by 
 flagelliform stolons, affecthig saline soil: scapes 1-3-iiowered. — Proc. Am. Acad, 
 xxi. 366. — Comprises H. plantaginifolius, Murr. {R. salsuginosus. Pall. ace. 
 to DC, R. Ruthenicus, Jacq.) of Siberia, and the following. 
 
 R. Cymbalaria, Tursii. Low, glal)rons : leaves orbicular or ovate-roundi.-<h and conlatc, 
 or sometimes with truncate base, coarsely crenatc, or rarely only 3-toolhed, more or leivs 
 succulent (varyiug from an inch down to 2 lines in length) . scape 1 to 6 inches high : petals 
 5 to 9, narrowly oblong oj spatnlate, 1 to 4 lines long : akenes apicnlate, sm.iU and very 
 numerous, in an at length oblong liead on an elongated recei>ta(lc. — Fl. ii. 392 ; Tlook. Fl. 
 Bor.-Am. i. 11 ; Torr. & Gray. Fl. i. 17; Fl. Dan. t. 2293. 11. s,ilsu(jinosi,s. Pall. Reise, 
 ed. 3, iii. 173, in part; R. trulmlutits, IIBK. Nov. (Jen. & Spec. v. 42. Ji. /ici/<./»/ii7ia, 
 
 •L Extended to include Ii. Vookyae. 
 
24 RAXrXCULACE.E. Jia„u>,culus. 
 
 Schlecht. Auiinad. Raiiunc. i. 23, t. 4, f. 1,^ the diminutive and chiefly high nortliern form, 
 var. ALpf.NLS, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 1 1. — Moist and brackish soil, arctic sea-coast and along 
 the coast to New Jersey, and at salt springs iu the interior, along the Kocky JMountaiu 
 region and westward to California. (Greenland, N. & Ceutr. Asia, Mex., S. Anier.) 
 
 § 0. EuRANUNCULUS. Petals yellow or iu few sjDecies white, with nectarifer- 
 ous spot or pit covered by a scale on tlie claw, deciduous : sepals 5, sometimes 
 3 or 4, deciduous : carpels in fruit coriaceous or crustaceous akenes, filled by the 
 seed or nearly so, usually more or less compressed, the sides nerveless. 
 
 * Petals white (8 or 10) : sepals 3 or 4. 
 R. Pallasii, Schlecht. Creeping perennial, glabrous : stems and elongated petioles tliick 
 and fistulous : leaves with short blade from linear to oblong, obtuse and entire, or some 
 cuneate and 2-3-lobed : petals (juarter to half inch loug, obovate : akenes thiu-crustaceous, 
 2 lines loug or more, tipped with a small short beak. — Animad. Ranimc. i. 15, t. 2 ; Hook. Fl. 
 Eor.-Am. i. 10 ; Seem. Hot. Herald, 22. li. Pallassii, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 17. — In shallow 
 water, arctic Alaska, and Islands, Pallas, Chamisso, Seeinann, Murdoch, &c. Also Labrador, 
 Jidt Ascherson, but doubtful. (Arct. E. Asia, Laplaud.) 
 
 * * Petals yellow, commonly 5 (3-1 G in certain species). 
 — i- Amphibious aquatics, with dissected leaves, when submersed capillary-mnltifid in the 
 manner of § Batnichium : perennial by fibrous-rooting from the nodes : akenes smooth. 
 
 R. mioltifidus, Pursh. Polymorphous, fibrous-rooting : the well developed plant aquatic, 
 with submersed or floating elongated fistulous stems : leaves, inch or two long, all ternately 
 decompound into narrow filiform or capillary divisions, flaccid, or some small uppermost 
 emersed and 5-7-partetl into cuneate lobes : flowers showy : petals .5 to 8, broadly obovate, 
 deep golden yellow, 4 to G lines long : akenes obliquely ovate, rather turgid, when ripe sub- 
 erose-thickened at base and ventral edge, tipped with a straight and compressed subulate 
 beak of half their length. — Fl. ii. 73G; DC. Syst. i. 270; Gray, Man. ed. 5, 40, not Forsk., 
 which being quite obscure may rest as E. Forskxthlii, DC. R.fluiiatilis, Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 
 1, 139, not Willd. R. lacuslris, Beck & Tracy, N. Y. Med. & Phys. Journ. ii. 1 12, & Trans. 
 Alb. Inst. i. 148, t. 5.- R. Purshii, Hook. fI. Bor.-Am. i. 15, as to vars. o & i8, t. 7; B. 1 ; 
 Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 19, as to vars. a & /3. R. Beckii, Don, Syst. i. 39. R. Purshii, var. 
 aquatilis, Ledeb. Fl Ross. i. 35. — In stagnant or slow-flowing water, Atlantic States from 
 • N. Carolina northward to N. Canada, Brit. Columbia, California, &c. (Siberia.) 
 
 Var.* terrestris, Gray.-^ Under this may be collected tlie series of forms of shallow 
 water or wet soil, which creep, rooting iu the mud, with shorter stems, emersed coarsely 
 dissected leaves, round-reuiform and once to thrice parted or cleft into more or less cuneate 
 lobes : flowers and fruit often somewhat smaller ; also autumnal forms in exsiccated beds of 
 ponds, with ascending stems and broadish lobes to the leaves, these usually pube.scent. — 
 Man. ed. 5, 41, & Proc. Am. Acad. xxi. 36G (where as in ms. of present work the following 
 species was included). 1/2. Missonriensis, Greene, Erythea, iii. 20. — With the typical 
 form, and not very common. To be distinguished from the following, which it closely 
 simulates in foliage, by its larger akenes with a tumid suberose border about the base and 
 tipped with a longer flatter style. 
 
 R.* Purshii, Richards. Creeping upon muddy banks: leaves small, 4 to 9(to 12) lines ia 
 diameter, circular in outline, 3-5- or many-cleft into linear segments (filiform dissected 
 leaves very rarely present) : flowers small, seldom over 5 lines in diameter: heads of fruit 
 as well as the akenes themselves considerably smaller than in the preceding, the latter desti- 
 tute of any distinct turgid margin and tipped with a slender style. — Richards, in Frankl. 
 1st Journ. ed. 2, App. 751 (reprint, p. 23), var. a ; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 15, as to vars. y & S, 
 t. 7, B. 2 & 3; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 19, as to vars. 7 & S. R Gnultni, DC. Syst. i. 303 (R. 
 
 1 Add syn. Cyrtorhynclm Cymbalaria, Britton, Mem. Torr. Chib, v. 161. 
 
 2 Greene, Pittonia, ii. 62; C. A. Davis, Bot. Gaz. xvi. 115. Add also syn. R.deljjhinifolius, Torr. 
 iu Eaton, Man. ed. 2, 395, not HBK. 
 
 8 This variety has hceii liniiied l)v the editor to exclude the following species. 
 
RdHHi.-idun. llANLNCULACE^i:. 25 
 
 no. 49, Gmel. Fl. Sil)ir. iv. t. 83, f. H), & li. L,i,i;is,li,r/ii, I)(". Pr.xlr. i. .14. R. pu»iUu», IxsUeb. 
 Mem. Acad, rctroji. v. 540, the tl'-pauperate liiyli iiortliuru form. A'. Iimusus, Nutt. iu '1 orr. 
 & Gray, 1. c. 20. Ji. nidicuns, Hegel, IJiUl. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xx.xiv. jtt. 2, 44, 45, not of C. A- 
 Meyer & Ledeh. R. multijidiis, var. ip/xh.s, Wats. 15ol. King. I'.xp. 8, & liil»l. Indi-x, \>0. It. 
 midtijidus, var. liniosus, Lawsou, Kev. Caiiad. Kanuiic. 47. — Western aretif America to 
 Great Slave Lake, soatli to Micliigau, Wa.sliington, and even Now Mexico, Pulmci ; al«o iu 
 cold bogs of Nova Scotia, Tvutmau. 
 
 -J- H— Terrestrial arctic or alpine i)ercnnials (or first .species ampliiltion.s and le.ss alpine), 
 creeping and wholly tibrous-rooling, either from procumb(tnt stems or filiform roul.si<M ks, 
 glabrous ; with rounded leaves palmately 3-5-lobed or jnirleil but not divided nor filiform- 
 dissected : fiowers small : akencs smooth. 
 
 ++ Stems leafy and rooting at the nodes : akeues small in a globular head : style .short or 
 hardly any. 
 
 R. natans, C. A. Mkykk. Creeping extensively, rooting in wet mud or floating in .^hallow 
 water: leaves reniform or some with shallow sijius or truncate ba.se, 4 to '.( lines in diameter, 
 with 3 to 5 rouiulish or obovate divei'giug lobes: petals about 2 lines long: carpels very 
 numerous in a globose liead (of a (puirter inch iu diameter) with a tiiick Hesliy reiept:u-le : 
 style extremely short, with a tei-niinal stigma. — Meyer in Ledeb. Ic. t. 114, Fl. Alt. ii. .'11.5, 
 & Fl. Ross. i. 34. R. hifiierboreus, var. iiatuns, Kegel, 1. c. 43 ; Gray, Proc. Acad. I'hilad. 1803, 
 50. R. radicuns, C. A. -Meyer in Ledeb. Ic. t. 116, is a form of the Siime. A*. I'urshii, 
 Terr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ii. 162, not Richards. — Rocky Mountains of Colorado, subalpiue or 
 lower, //.'/// & Hiivhonr, James, Cou/ttr, Roihrock, Patterson. (N. Asia.) 
 
 R. hyperboreus, Rottb. Terrestrial iu wet soil, small, depressed and creeping : leaves of 
 cuneate or Hahelliform outline, rarely with subcordate bajie (2 to 6 lines broad), 3-lol)ed or 
 almost 3-parted : the lobes obovate or oblong, and the later ones sometimes 2-lobed: petals 
 a line long : carpels fewer in a small head with an oval recej/tacle : style very shi>rt. — Act. 
 Hafn. X. 458, t. 4, f. 16 (Fl. Dan. t. 331 ) ; DC. Syst. i. 272 ; ReicLcnb. Ic. i'l. Crit. i. t. 1 1. 
 f. 21, 22 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 20. — Labrador, Allen, Bell, to arctic Alaska. (Arct. Asia 
 & Eu., Greenland.) 
 
 ++ -H- Scapose from filiform rootstocks: akeues rather few in a loose head with small 
 receptacle, long-styled. 
 
 R. Lapponicus, L. Long filiform runners or root.stocks sending U]» long-])Otioled radical 
 leaves and siiii])le leafless or one-leaved scapes a span high : leaves reniform in outline (an 
 inch iu diameter), 3-parted; divisions flabellate-cuneate, 3-7-lobcd or erenate-inci^ed : petals 
 3 lines long : akeues a line or more long, obliquely ovate, somewhat acute-margined, a little 
 1 mger than the .slender introrsely stigmatose persistent style. — Spec. i. 533 (Fl. Lapp. t. 3, 
 f. 4) ; Wahl. Fl. La])p. t. 8, f. 2 ; Fl. Dan. t. 2292.1 — Western part of arctic America, and 
 Rocky Mountains south to Lat. 54°."^ (N. Asia & Eu., Greenland, &c.) 
 -H- -»— -t— Uliginous or subaquatie, fibrous-rooted, glabrous or nearly so, with leaves all 
 
 entire or merely denticulate or crenulate, petioled. 
 ++ Akenes beakless or nearly so, dull ; the style very short and deciduous or hardly 
 
 any : subannuals ; ours with erect or ascending usually weak stems, sometimes rooting 
 
 from the lower nodes, but hardly .at all thereby perennial : lowest leaves cordate or o\ate 
 
 or oblong and long-petioled : upper lanceolate to linear. 
 = Petals 1 to 3 or occasionally 5, not over a line long, pale vellow : stamens onlv .'> t<) 1(V — 
 
 C<i!<(dca, St. Mil. ■ " 
 
 R. trachyspermus, Enok lm. Stems a span to 2 feet high, sehioui rooting, .and plant 
 ])robal)ly purely anmuxl : carpels somewhat orbicular, tumid-lenticulnr, narrowly maririned, 
 and the faces minutely tuberculo.se, only one third line long, crowded in a cylindniii ..us or 
 oblong head with a narrow receptacle of 2 lines or so in length. — Fngelm. in (ir.iy, PI. 
 
 1 Add syn. Anemone nudicnuli.i, Gray, Hot. G.nz. .\i.l7; st.-e Hrittcn, .Ann. N. Y. Ac.H'I. Sci. 
 vi. 233. 
 
 2 Also north shore of Lake Superior, at Sand Bay, J. C. Jmu.'i, and mar (iraiul Marais, Minn., 
 Cheney, ace. to Coulter & Fisher, Bot. Gaz. xviii. 'I^iK 
 
0(j RA^'U^■L'L■I.At"l•:.■E. Rmnmculux. 
 
 Lindh. i. 3 (no^ Ell.), excl. var. Lindheimeri, but ind. Mir. auyustifolius. — Low gnmuds 
 Loui«:.r.aa, Lamjlois, aud Texas ; first coll. by Lindheimer. 
 
 R. pusillxiS, PoiR. Stems 6 to 20 inches high, uot rarely rooting from decumbent base : 
 carpels somewliat obovate, half to three fourths line long, dull, smooth or irregularly some- 
 what papillose, rather numerous in a small globular head. — Diet. vi. 99; Pursh, Fl. ii. 392; 
 Deless. Ic. Sel. i. t. 28 ; JEll. Sk. ii. 57 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 17, partly. R. Flamiiiula, Walt. 
 Car. 159, not L. /»'. humilis, Pers. Syn. ii. 102. (R. Bonarieusis, Poir. 1. c. 102, is very 
 near, and of no older date) — Wet ground or iu shallow water, Staten Island, New York, to 
 Mis.souri and southward to Florida and Texa.s, along the low country. 
 
 Var. Lindheimeri, Gray. A span or two high: akencs more papillose-roughish. — 
 Proc. Am. Acad. xxi. 367. R. trachyspermus ? var. Lindheimeri, Engelm. in Gray, PI. 
 Lindh. i. 3; Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. iv. 62; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 7.^ — New Orleans, 
 Berlandifi; no. 1939; Galveston, Texas, Lindheimer ; Napa Valley and San Rafael, Cali- 
 fornia, Biijelow, J. P. Moore. 
 
 = = Petals 5, bright yellow, 1 to 3 lines long, surpassing the calyx : stamens numerous. 
 R. oblongifolius, Ell. Mostly a foot or two high, paniculately branched, seldom root- 
 ing at base, seemingly annual : akenes rather few in a small globose head, globular or 
 turgid-lenticular, smooth or scabrous-puncticulate, only one third line long ; the small or 
 slendor style wholly deciduous. — Sk. ii. 58; Gray, Man. ed. 5, 41. R. Flammula, Michx. 
 Fl. i. 321. R. pusillus, var. olilongif alius, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. tl. R. Flammula, \&i\ laxi- 
 caulis, Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 16.2 ^. Texensis, Engelm. in Gray, PI. Lindh. i. 2. — Wet ground, 
 Illinois 3 and S. Carolina to Texas. 
 ++ -I-*- Akenes subulate-beaked (but the beak sometimes deciduous or reduced to an a])iculus), 
 
 smooth, in a globular head : petals as many as 5. 
 = Perennial by rooting from the lower nodes of ascending stems or from most of those of 
 creepiiig stems : roots all fibrous and not thickened. 
 
 a. Some lower cordate leaves. 
 R. hydrocharoides, Gk.vt. Amphibious, with erect or ascending flowering stems a span 
 or two high, and elongated creeping branches from the ba.se, these stout and fiBtulous or 
 sometimes slender : leaves all ^tire or nearly so (inch or less long), somewhat succulent, 
 chiefly long-petioled ; lower either round-cordate or oval, or st)me like the uppermost 
 obovate or spatulate : petals 2 or 3 lines long, much surpa.ssing the calyx : akenes in a small 
 globose head, less than a line long, tipped with narrow and short abrupt beak. — PI. Thurb. 
 in Mem. Am. Acad. v. 306; Rothrock in Wheeler, Rep. \\. 56. — Marshes and springs, 
 S. W. Arizona, Thurher, J.D. Smith, Rothrock, Lemmun, the specimens of the last less succu- 
 lent and rather longer-styled ; Owen's Valley, S. E. California, Kellogg, a slender form, with 
 small leaves and longer styles. 
 
 R. STOLON! FER, Hemsl. of Northern Mexico, much smaller-flowered, is related to this. 
 
 b. No cordate leaves, the radical ones at most oblong or ovate. — Spearwort. 
 
 R. Flammula, L. No representative known in N. America of the true .species, which has 
 
 ratiier tlio haliit of the next, Avith a.scending stems rooting only at or near the base, a foot 
 
 or so higli ; with lower leaves ovate-oblong to lanceolate and often rounded at ba.se, not 
 
 rarely with serratures ; akenes small, with a small or minute beak, or the deciduous style 
 
 leaving only an apiculation. — Spec. i. 548 ; Fl. Dan. t. 575 ; Curt. Fl. Loud. vi. t. 36. — (Eu.) 
 
 Var. intermedius, Hook. Smaller : stems decumbent and creeping, often to a foot in 
 
 length : leaves all lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, entire or nearly so, inch or two long, 
 
 tapering into tlie petiole : petals 2 or 3 lines long : akenes of the type or more beaked. — 
 
 Fl. Bor.-Am. ill; Gray, Man. ed. 5, 41, & Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 373. R. Flammula, var. 
 
 Unaldschensis, Ledeb. ace. to Regel, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xxxiv. pt 2, 41. R. reptans, var. 
 
 1 Add syn. IR. Biolettii, Greene, Pittonia, ii. 225, nearly from character, and fide K. Brandegee, 
 Zoe, iv. 81. 
 
 2 Add syn. R. laxicaulis, Darby, Bot. S. St. 204. 
 
 8 S. E. Missouri, Eggert, Bush, and Isle of Wiglit County, Virginia, ace. to Heller, Bull. Torr. 
 Club, xxi. 22. 
 
Ilanunculus. RANUNCULACK.E. 27 
 
 intermedius, Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 16. — Shore of Lake Ontario ' to California and Oregon and 
 northward. (N. Asia, Ku.) Largest forms from western eo;ist, nearly approaehing iho 
 type; very sloiuler and linear-leaved as well lus small hroaiier-lea\eil forms p;is.H into 
 
 Var. reptans, E. MiiviCR. Sniiill, whidly erecping: steins liliform, a span or two long : 
 leaves Willi Made from 2 lines to an inch long, from linear to spatulale or laneeolate : |M-taiM 
 about 2 lines long : akenes witli more conspieiions and snhnlate oftener curved l)eak, or 
 sometimes merely apicnlate-l>eaked ius in the type. — PI. Lalir. 90; (Jray, Man. ed. 5, 41 ; 
 Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. iii. t. 10. li. n>i>taus, I.. Spec. i. .549 (Fl. Lai)p. t. 3, f. S) ; l-l Dan. 
 t. 108, &c. R. reiitiins, var../r///brwi/.«j, DC. Syst. i. 248; Torr. & Gray,!, c. IG. li.jilifonni*, 
 Michx. Fl. i. 320 ; Hart. Fl. N. A. ii. t. 70. R. Flammnln, yAr.Jili/onnis, Hook. Fl. Hor.-Am. 
 i. 11. — (iravelly borders of ponds and pools. New Kngland to I'enn., an<l westward in the 
 mountains of Colorado and Utah, to California, and uortli to arctic Ahuska and Hudwju 
 Bay. (Greenland, N. Eu., N. Asia.) 
 
 R. ambigens, NVatson. Robust, 2 feet high, erect from a decnnihent rooting base : IcaveH 
 lanceolate, acute or acuminate, often serrulate, 3 or 4 inches long by 4 to 10 lines wide, 
 mostly much longer than the dilated half-chusping jjetiole : ])etals oblong, 2 or 3 lines long : 
 akenes a line long, obli(|uely oval, compressed, tipped with erect-incurved narrow-sabnlatu 
 beaks of fully or more than half tiieir length. — Proc. Am. Acad. xiv. 289, & Bibl. Lidex, 
 16. .ft. Flammula, & R. Lingua, I'ursh, Fl. ii. 391, and of all the older Am. botanists. 
 R. Flammula, Torr & Gray, 1. c. 16, exd. var. R. alismit/ulius, Benth. PI. llartw. 29.5, jw to 
 eastern plant; Gray, 5Ian. ed. 5, 41, not Geyer.^ — In wet gras.sy places, New England to 
 Illinois.^ south to the mountains of Teuuessee and Georgia, and north to Canada. The 
 Amer. analogue of R. Lingua. 
 
 = ^ Strictly pereimial, terrestrial, more or less tufted, with thickened-fibrons and fascicled 
 roots : stems mostly short and erect, or assurgent, not at all rooting from mxles : mature 
 akenes turgid (a line or more long), with iutrorsely apical or subapical and r.itiier short 
 subulate beak. 
 
 R. alismsefolius, Geykk. Commonly robust, a span to a foot high, simple or branching: 
 leaves huieeolate to oblong, mostly tapering into margined or base-dilated |)etiole», or upjK.'r 
 subsessile, entire (sometimes obscurely repand-deliticulate), thickish, 2 to 4 inches hmg and 
 a quarter to full inch wide : petals broadly obovate, a third to half inch long, generally large 
 and showy : akenes glabrous and smooth, in a globose or hemispherical head. — Geyer in 
 Benth. PI. Hartw. 29.5, as to Pacif. pi. only, the fruit not then known ; Wats. Prm-. Am. 
 Acad. xiv. 289 ; Brew. & Wats. Hot. Calif, i. 6. /{. Flammula, Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot vi. 
 66. R. Bolanderi, Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. ii. 58.* — Marshes from borders of Brit. 
 Columbia and Colorado to central parts of California; ^rsX, coll. and distinguished by (ii-fier. 
 "Var. alismellus, Gr.\y. Usually much more slender, 4 to 10 inches high- leaves 
 thinner, with blade half inch to 2 inches long, from o I dong lanceolate to ovate, or rsidical 
 even cordate and on long slender jielioles : Mowers smaller: petals only 3 lines long. — 
 Proc. Am. Acad. vii. 327, viii. 372; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 6. R. tilismip/olius, vat. 
 montanus, Wilts. Bot. King lOxj) 7, one of the intermediate forms.* — Same range,* but 
 subalpine, and in the Rocky .Mountains, from Wyoming to Utah and Colorado. (/'. P.-tetuiit- 
 
 Ilirculus, Schrenk, of Asia, is quite distinct and probably an entire-leaved fi>r;v "f '' ' 
 
 c/iellus.) 
 
 1 Eastward to St. John's, Newfoundland, llnUmon & Schrcnl:. Add syii. R. rrj>h-iir-<, ..n. >.<,./ ■ 
 lostis, FrejTi, Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. viii. 181. 
 
 2 Add as doubtful syn. R. ubtusiiisculu.^, Raf. in Desv. Journ. Bot. i. 2"25 (1808). A tracing from 
 Ratinesque's figure of his ])lant shows a slender straight erect stem and single annual root, ul.w linrar- 
 laiiceohite sepals, all at variance with the stout decumbent commonly geniculate and copiously rotitinij 
 stem and ovate sepals of the present species. 
 
 8 Westwanl to Springfield, Missouri, Rlankin^hii). 
 
 4 Add syn. R. calthce/firrus, k R. Hartivegi, Greene. Eivtlua, iii. 4.5. Tlie R. ali.fmt^nliu.^ of 
 Geyer was properly defined by Watson, 1. c. considerably Ijcfore the publication of Prof. Gretfiie's 
 synonyms, and the Rocky ]Mouiitain and Pacific forms do not appear to have any satisfactory si»fcinc 
 distinctions. 
 
 5 Add sjni. R. ah\v)u-Uvs, Greene, Fl. Francis. -JIJ?, & R. Populayo, Greene, Erj-thea, iii 19, the 
 form of S. W. Oregon and Idaho with ratlier broad cordate radical leaves. 
 
 « Southward in California to Sau Jacinto Mountains, Uassf, ace. to Parish, Zoe, iv. 161. 
 
28 KANUNCULACE.E. RanuNculus, 
 
 R. Lemmoni, Gray. Scainfonn tutted stems a span or two high, l-2-flowere(l. villous- 
 "l.uliesceut bcl.'w: leaves tlii.-kish, lanceolate, entire : petals 3 lines long, ohovate or ol)long : 
 akeues in an oval head, verv turgid, villous-puheseent. — Troc. Am. Acad. x. 68 ; Brew. & 
 Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 7. — Eastern part of the Sierra Nevada, California, in Sierra Valley 
 Lemiiion. 
 .^ ^_ .^ ^_. Terrestrial, at least some of the leaves lobed or divided : no rooting shoots or 
 
 stolons except in R. repens and R. seplentriuimlis. 
 ++ Calyx clothed externally with long and soft black or brown hairs : arctic or alpine low 
 perennials, bearing .solitary large flowers : none of the leaves divided to base : akenes 
 rather turgid, subulate-beaked. 
 R. Macauleyi, Gray. Eoots a fascicle of fleshy fibres : stems a span liigh : leaves short- 
 pctioled, soft-pilose when young, soon glabrous, of thick texture, from almost linear with 
 truncate 2-.3-dentate apex to obovate-spatulate and obtusely 3-10-toothed : petals fiabelli- 
 form, creuulate, mostly half inch long, deep yellow. — Proc. Am. Acad. xv. 45 ; also in Au. 
 Kep. Chief Engineers' U. S. A. 1878, p. 1833, as R. «ira/<.s. — Alpine region of the Kocky 
 Mountains in San Juan Co., S. Colorado, at about 1 1,700 feet, McCauky, Peas'.. Too near 
 R. Alluiens, Laxm., which is R. frigidtis, Willd. Spec. ii. 1312, & Reichenb. Ic. PI. Crit. iii. 
 t 289, R. sulphureus of some authors, and perhaps an extreme form of the next species. 
 Akenes not seen. Young carpels with long straight subulate style.^ 
 R. nivalis, L. Glabrous or glabrate except the dark-woolly calyx: roots slender-filirous 
 from a short caudex : sten\s a span or two high: radical and few lower cauline leaves 
 slender-petioled, from cuneate-flabelliform to reniform, 3-5-lobed or deeply cleft, and the 
 lobes diverging : petals obovate or roundish, entire or obcordate-emarginatc, a quarter to a 
 third inch long. — Spec. i. 553 (Fl. Lapp. t. 3, f. 2) ; Fl. Dan. t. 1699; Schlecht. Animad. 
 IJanuuc. ii. 14; Reichenb. Ic. PI. Crit. i. t. 2, f. 6, 7 ; Hook Fl. Bor.-Ani. i. 17; Torr. & Gray, 
 Fl. i. 20, with vars. R. sulphureus, Soland. in Phipp's Voy. 202, &c., high arctic form, 
 approaching R. altaicns. — Arctic America, from Hudson Bay to Alaska, and sea coast, .south 
 in high Rocky Mountains to lat. 55°. (Greenland, N. Eu., N. Asia.) 
 
 •H- ++ Calyx not dark-hairy: akenes (glabrous or pubescent) not nuiricate nor hispid. 
 = Leaves some of them quite entire (except in R. oxj/notns), .some simply few-lobed and the 
 lobes quite entire: alpine or subalpine low perennials, one -few-flowered, with fascicled 
 fibrous or tuberous roots : glabrous. 
 fl. Radical leaves mostly round-reniform and with 5 to 9 roundish lobes or deep crenatures : 
 akenes dorsally carinate, in an oblong head. 
 R. oxynotus, Gray. A span or two high, fibrous-rooted from a short caudex, bearing a 
 rosulate tuft of numerous radical leaves (of half inch or more in diameter) : cauline one or 
 two, cuneate-flabelliform. 3-5cleft or parted into oblong or lanceolate-linear lobes: petals 
 broadly obovate, 4 or 5 lines long : head of carpels at maturity about half inch long, with a 
 thick and fleshy receptacle : akenes semi-ovate, compressed, a line long besides the strong 
 subulate beak, glabrous. — Proc Am. Acad. x. 68; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 7. — High 
 peaks of the central Sierra Nevada, California, Brewer, Lemmon? 
 
 b. Radical leaves not reniform nor cordate, nor several-lobed : akenes turgid, with roundish 
 back, forming a globose head : perennials. 
 R. glaberrimus, Hook. A span high, somewhat succulent: root of thickened fascicled 
 fibres : radical leaves from spatulate or oblanceolate to roundish or dilated-cuneate, with 
 tapering or obtuse or sometimes truncate base, and from entire to crenately 2-4-toothed 
 or short-lobed ; cauline 3-cleft or parted into narrower lobes or entire : petals broadly obovate, 
 a third to half inch long : akenes glabrous or minutely pubescent, tipped with a small short 
 beak; the mature head from 3 to 5 lines in diameter. — Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 12, t. 5; Torr. & 
 Gray,' Fl. i. 19 ; Brew. & Wats. 1. c. R. brevicaulis, Hook. Lond. Jouru. Bot. vi. 66, not Fl. 
 
 1 Excellent fruiting specimens, collected in Colorado l)y Miss Eastwood, show the fruiting heads to 
 be ovate, and akenes "small, smooth, tipped with slend.T straightish but obliqucdy ascending styles; 
 cf. also Watson, Bot. Gaz. xvi. 346, and Eastwood, Zoc, iv. 2, where variations are described. 
 
 2 Cloud's Rest, Mariposa Co., Calif., Congdon, and near Mineral King Mt. ace. to Coville, Contrib. 
 U. S. Nat. Herb. iv. 56. 
 
Ranuuru/us. KAN UNCI LACK.i:. 'X, 
 
 ,^'7.7^"!' - ^l""";^^i"; •'";<1 va]I..ys from Montana a„.i Hrit. r..I,„nl,ia to the Sierra Neva-lu 
 t al.for.ua, a...l to tl.o Hocky Mountains tl.ron^rl, Colora.lo ; first .oil. I,v /Jo„.,tas ■» 
 R. dlgltalUS, Hook. L.-ss l!.a.. a «pau i.igh. from a .•li..sl,.r of sl.ort an.i .io«nw,r.lI 
 tuherous-ti.R-kened roots: ndical L-aves either entire an.l )a..<-eolai.. .,r like rl„. U-.s „ 
 sessile eauline, 2-4-i)arte.l into ol.lon-laneeolate or almost linear lol.es • ,.,.f,N (5 ,, ., 
 spatulatc.ol.Io..f;. a to 5 lines ion,!;: ,,xr,,els slen.ler-style.l ; akene- of tLo ,.roce.li«.r Jr 
 sn.aller, m a several times smaller hea.l.-.Jonr. Boi. & Kew Misc. iii. 124 t 4- Wats IJoi 
 King Kxp. 8. — Mountains of S. Idaho, N. Neva.la, L'tah, &e. ; tirst eoll. I,y Jlurke.' 
 = = Leaves all palmately or i.edately h.bed or divided, small: akenes turmM-Ientinilir 
 with aeute or :Kutish hack, tipped with a small suhulate heak : strictlv areti.- or •ili.im* 
 perennials, fihrou.s-rooted from a short caude.x, tufted, a span or les« high, nearlv ijl-.hrous 
 except that the peduncles are puixisceut : flowers mostly solitarv, not larije, with r-unded 
 petals little surpa.ssing the calyx. 
 
 R. pygm^US, Wai.l. An inch to a span high, with slender or weak one-flowered slemn- 
 radical lea^es simidy or pe.hitely ;{-.'-, deft into roundish lol.es, and caulinc often ;i-,.arted 
 jnto narrow ones petals 2 lines longer le.ss, little or not at all exceeding the sepals • akenes 
 hardly over half line long, in an oval or short-ohlong head.— Fl. Lapp 1.57 t 8 f l • 
 • Keichenb. Ic. PI. Crit. i. t. 2. f. 3-5; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 16; Torr. & (>av Fl' i '-My' 
 R LappomcHS, Fl. Dan. t. 144. R. Sabhili, R. Br. in I'arrv, 1st Vov. Supnl to Aim 'of,x ■ 'llo'k' 
 L c. 1 7 Torr. & Gray. 1. c 20. - Throughout arctic A„,erica to the polar seas, Z m. t'he high 
 Rocky Mountains southward to Wyoming and Colorado. (Aret. Asia & En., Greenland ) 
 R.* Grayi button.* Stouter: radical and often the one or two cauline leaves hitern.-ftelv 
 or peda ely divided and i)arted ; the primary divisions .sometimes petiolulate. and the IoIm-'h 
 linear-oMongorspatulate: .stems 1-2-Howered : petals .3 lines long, surpassing the rounde.l 
 sparsely and finely villous sepals: akenes a line long, in a globular head. - Bull. Torr. Club 
 xvuK 26a. R. Hookeri, Kegel, BuU. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xxxiv. pt. 2, 47 ; Wats. Bil.l. Index 19' 
 laot Schlecht. R. pedatifidus. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 18, t. 8, not Smith nor Schlecht. -Sum 
 mit of Rocky Mountains, on ea.stern side, between lat .52° and .5.-,°, Dnnnm.md ; npt.er part of 
 Gray s Peak, Colorado, at 12,300 feet, Putleison, in flower and fruit.s 
 
 = = = Leaves all 2-4-ternately parted or divided into numerous narrow divisions fof 
 
 not oyer a line m width) : akenes turgid, subulate-beaked, dorsallv marginle«, smooth 
 
 and glabrous or nearly so • alpine or subalpine low perenni.als, with strong fibrous f;ts,-i,-led 
 
 roots and ascending stems bearing single or few large and showy flowers. 
 
 R. triternatus, Gray. Roots fleshy-fibrous : leaves mostly triternatelv divided and narte.l • 
 
 primary dn.s.ons long-petiolulate, and lobes from filiform-linear (less than half line wide) 
 
 to liuear-.spatulate (a line wide) and obtu.'=e : petals broadly obovate (4 or .5 lines lonec 
 
 akenes very turgid, rounded on the back, slender-beaked ; the hea.l globose with a thi<-k 
 
 globular receptacle -I'roc. Am. Acad. xxi. 370.- Klikitat Co., Washington, on high hills 
 
 near Goldendale, IIo,-ell, distributed under name of R. Hookeri. A verv earlv flowerin- and 
 
 depressed form li;us broader radical leaves. " " 
 
 R. adoneus, Gray. Roots of more slender fibres : .stems a span or two hiph some at 
 length dec.mbent or spreading: leaves mostly 2-3 ternatelv parted, with primarv .iivi^i-ns 
 hardly if at all petiolulate, lobes all narrowly linear ami not wid.-ned upward • i.ef.ls 
 (sometime^ 6 or 8) rounded-flabelliform, often half inch long : akenes moderately comprcv^Ml 
 and dorsally acutish. long-beaked with the straight subulate stvle; the head globular to 
 oblong. -Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 5fi ; Coulter, Man. Rockv .Mt."Reg.8. R.am^nu, Grav 
 Am. Journ. Set. ser. 2, xxxiii. 241, not Ledeb. R. orthorhi/nrhus, var. nlpinus, Wat*. Bot.' 
 
 1 Add syii R. elUplims, Greene, Pittonia, ii. 110, a common form with ellipfic-lanceolnte radic.il 
 leaves and cleft cauline, said to occur .it lower altitudes, hut no.u^of the distinctions prove coi.sUnt 
 
 - A form with sparsely villous sepals has been collected in S. LTtah, Silrr, being R. L<mm.<m 
 Gray, in part, /rfc S. Watson, Bot. Gaz. .\vi. 346. 
 
 8 Manniioth Hot Springs, Wyomii.p, Dewnrt, Buri/lehaus. 
 
 * In the light of recent specimens, R. U„„Wn. Schlecht., of Mexico, apimars too well recoffnizwl to 
 permit the use of the Liter homonym of Hegel, and the pi-e.sent siwries nIiouM !».> renatv ■ "- ' 
 Britton suggests. Prof. Greene's R. Drummmdii (Erytl.ea, ii. 192) is a newlleM «vnon\ ,. 
 
 6 Mountains near I.onton, .S'. //. CV<w/), at l.^^.OOO feet. 
 
30 RAXUXCULACE.E. Ilanuiicuius. 
 
 King Exp. 9. — High Rocky Mountains of Colorado, first coll. by P«/Ty,and of the Wasatc-h, 
 S.. Utah, first coll. by \\\ilson. Well developed in wet phues along streamlets in the lower 
 part of alpine region, where it becomes procumlieut. On drier soil it is often coarser-leaved, 
 much smaller flowered, and with longer carpel-heads, having a narrow receptacle of even 
 half inch in length. 
 = = = == Leaves mostly cleft or more divided, roundish radical undivided ones, when 
 
 present, at least crenate or dentate : akenes turgid or lenticular, margiuless. 
 a. ilontane or high northern species, truly perennials, with fibrous or slightly thickeiied 
 
 roots : flowers with conspicuous and pretty large petals, except sometimes in R. ajfifiiti. 
 
 1, Head of carpels in fruit globular or oviil : styles elongated but usually only subulate base 
 j)crsisteut as a short beak or a))iculus on the leuticidar akene. 
 
 R. Arizonicus, Lemmon. a foot or less high, glabrate or above glabrous, below usually 
 ■with some soft villous liairs : fascicled roots more or loss thickened : stems .slender and naked 
 above, several-inany-fiowered : radical leaves round-cordate or sometimes cordate-oblong and 
 strongly crenate-deutate, or later ones about 5-<-left and the segments 3-5-lobed ; cauline 
 once or twice 3-parted into narrow linear divisions: ])etals (sometimes 6 or 7, 3 to 5 lines 
 long) oblong or at first obovate : akeiies lenticular and witli thin acute margin, lightly 
 pubescent, conunonly in a small globular head, having a subulate receptacle. — Lenimim 
 in Gray, l^roc. Am. Acad. xxi. 370. li. affinis, Torr. Hot. Mex. Bound. 29, in part; lioth- 
 rock in Wheeler, Kep. vi. .57. — Mountains of S. Arizona, Wrighl (837),^ />fw/« oh, among rocks, 
 &c. Also Willow Spring, Arizona, Rolltrork, a form connecting with the second variety. 
 
 Vax. SUbaffinis, Gray, 1. c. A dwarf ami alpine form, simulating R. afjiitix, mostly 
 1-flowered, with thickish oval head of akenes: these den.^ely pubesc<Mit, almost eijuallod l»y 
 the .«ubulate .style.- — On Mount Agassiz, of the San Frauci.sco Mountain.s, at 12,000 feet, 
 Le in HI 0)1. 
 
 Var. subsagittatus, Gray, 1. c IJathcr stout, villous with a deciduous pubescence, 
 simple-stemmed and fewer-flowered : radical leaves mainly suljcordate-oblong or somewhat 
 sagittate, thick; the middle nerves apjjroximate : petals broadly obovate, half inch or less 
 long : head of akenes stouter, oval. — N. x^rizona, in Delavergue Park of the San Francisco 
 Mountains, Lemmon ; in wet ground. 
 
 R. Suksd6rfii, Gray. A "span or less high, glabrous, wth slender 1-3-flowcred .«tems: 
 leaves small (half inch or more long) subreniform or broadly flal)elliform Avith truncate 
 ba.'-e, deeply 3-5-cleft or parted, the radical into cuneate 3-5-vieft or incise'! divisions, those 
 of the ufiper cauline linear : petals round-obovate, retuse, a third to half inch long, deep 
 yellow: akenes glabrous, turgid-lenticular, acutish-edged, surmounted by a nearly filiform 
 style of equal length (three fourths line), which is at length apparently deciduous; the 
 head globular. — Proc. Am. Acad. xxi. 371. — Damp ground on Mount Adams, Washington, 
 at 6.000-7,000 feet, Snksflorf; also, wet alpine meadows in Blue Mountains, E. Oregon, at 
 toward 8,000 feet, Cnsick, ^Wth young akenes in more oblong head, not yet turgid, obscurely 
 pulie.«cent ;3 fl. July, August. 
 
 2. Head of carpels in fruit oblong or cylindraceous : akenes more turgid and rounded or at 
 least obtuse on the back. 
 
 ? R.* eximius, Greene. "Radical le.n-es very few, often one only, on a sliort stout petiole 
 1 to 2 inches longj the blade of cuiieate-obovate or almost flabelliform outline, deej)ly about 
 7-lobed at the l)road sumnn't, otherwise entire ; upper cauline leaves se.ssile, l)roadly cuneiform, 
 I inch long, cleft to the midiile into about 5 lanceolate or broadly linear lobes : periphery of 
 the expanded large corolla quite circular by the overlapping of the numerous broadly 
 obovate or almost obcordate yellow petals." — Erythea, iii. 19. — Mountains of Colora<lo to 
 Idaho. Flowers large as in R. acloneiis, but foliage so close to forms of the preceding and 
 folloAving species as to make its specific distinctness still doubtful, especially in the al)sence 
 of mature fruit. No autlienticated specimens having been seen by the editor, the dcscripl on 
 is here drawn from the original characterization. 
 
 1 Also at the Copper Mines, New Mexico, Thurber, no. 231. 
 
 2 Insert syn. /?. Arizonicus, Greene, Pittonia, ii. 60, not Lemnion. J'. suhmijUtatus, var. subaJUms, 
 Greene, 1. c. 110. 
 
 8 Mt i;.,;,n.-, (I h Mir:, ; Olympic Mts., Henderson. 
 
Itanunculus. RANUNCULACE.E. 31 
 
 R. Eschscholtzii, Sciilecht. A span <ir two or raroly a foot high, glabmuH or nearly «o, 
 1 -.J-llowered, sU'iidoi-filmms-rootod from a coimiioiily t»lili<jMe cuiidex or Khort hori/ontal 
 rootstock : Icavfs of roundish outline ; radit-al all 3-.')-j)artcd or dceidy rleft.and thi-irolMoato 
 or cuneate divisions mostly lol)ed or iucisod ; caulino similar or with ohlon^ to 8|ialulatc or 
 lanceolate and often entire divisions : j)ctal8 a (juartcr to nearly half inch lonj; : akt-nes 
 glabrous, with slender-subulate and mostly straight stylo of more than half their li-ngth anil 
 more or less ])ersistent as a beak. — Animad. Uanune. ii. 10, t. 1 ; Hook. M. IJor.-Am. i. IK; 
 Terr. & Gray, Fl. i. 21 ; Ledeb. Fl. Ku.ss. i. 37. /i. uivulis, var. Ksrks.holi-:;, Wats. Rot. 
 King Exp. 8. — N. Alaska and Aleutian I.slands to the Cascade Mountains and south to 
 those of Nevada, and the liocky Mountains south to Colorado in the aljiine regions.' 
 
 R. affinis, R. Bu. A span to a foot high, pilose jtubc.scont to glaluous, few- to sevenil- 
 flowered : leaves various, but the caulino with linear or narrow oblauceolate divisions : petal.-* 
 light yellow, a quarter to a third inch long and obovate, l)ut occasionally small and incon- 
 .spicuons: akeues densely short-pube.scent varying to glabrous: small and short mo.stly 
 recurved style much shorter than the ovary, at most a ([uarler cjf the length i>f the akene, 
 often only its thickish ba.se persistent at maturity. — K. Br. in I'arry, l.st Voy. Suppl. to App. 
 26.5 ; Kichards. in Frankl. 1st Jouru. ed. 2, A])p. 751 (reprint, ]). 23) ; Lange, Medd. (iniiil. bl , 
 & Fl. Dan. t. 3029; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, xxi.371. /».H;v7(ri/s, Hiahanf.s. in Frankl. Ist.Ionru. 
 ed. 1, App. 741 (reprint, p. 13). R. aiiKmus, Ledeb. Fl. Alt ii. 320, & Ic. t. 113. A', joilntiji- 
 (Ills, Sclilecht. I.e. 18, &c., probably not Smith.'^ R. auriromus, Hook. f. Arc. PI. 283. 312.— 
 Throughout arctic America, and southward to Labrabor^ and the liocky M<juntains to 
 Colorado. (N. Asia, Greenland.) Very variable, (juite distinct from R. auricuiiins, L., in 
 akenes, styles, &c. ; the typical form small or slender, witii even the radical leaves " ]>e(lately 
 miiUirnl," most of them to near the base. 
 
 Var. validus, Gray, 1. c. Stouter and larger, with thicker more succulent leaves; 
 the radical (an inch or two long) most of them undividtMl and roundish, either cordate 
 or truncate or cuneate at base, and from coarsely crenate to 3-7-ck'ft or parted, occa- 
 sionally some divided and even with divisions petiolulate : forms varioiLs and conlluent, 
 and passing into the more arctic-alpine slender form. — A*, affiuis, vars., Hook. Fl. Bor.-i\m. 
 i. 12, t. 6. R. c(irdioph;/l.lus, Hook. 1. c. 14, t. 5, & Bot. Mag. t. 2999, but style too long. 
 R. affinis, var. cardiophiiUus, Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 18G3, .56, but name only occasionally 
 appro])riate for this whole group of forms. R. nuricnmiis of Amer. authors. — .Subarctic 
 America and Canada to Montana, and south through the Rocky Mountains to Utah, 
 Colorado, and N. New Mexico. Var. leiocarpus, Trautv. in Middendorf, Reise in Sibir. 
 62, has glabrate or glabrous fruit. Var. histococc.ux, Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 213, only a 
 villous-fruited form.* 
 
 3. Head of carpels in fruit globose: styles minute and .straight: plant resembling a low 
 form of the variety of the foregoing. 
 
 R. rhomboideus, Goldie. Dwarf, a span or two high, villous-hirsute or almost glabrous, 
 few-flowered : radical leaves from rhoml)ic-ovate o'r obovate with acute base to rotund and 
 rarely sube'ordate, and from creimlate to serrate ; lower cauline more cleft, the sessile upper 
 ones 3-5-parted into linear divisions: petals obovate, 2 or -3 lines long: akenes obovate, 
 rounded on the back, glabrous; the minute beak or style inconspicuous. — Edinb. Phil. 
 Journ. vi. 329, t. 11, f. 1 ; Richards. 1. c. ; Honk. I. c. 12 ; Gray, Man. ed. 5, 42. R. nmlis. 
 Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 13, t. 6, probal)ly even of Raf. Prec. Decouv. 36, & in Desv. Journ 
 Bot. vi. 268(1814), from "Canada and Genes.see," which is otherwi.se wholly obscure* 
 R. brevicaulis. Hook. 1. c. 13, t. 7, a very depres.sed almost stemless form, with radical 
 
 1 Also on summit of Gr.ayback Mountains, S. Calif., W. O. Wriffht, ace to Pari.-Jli, Zoe, iv. 161. 
 
 2 Dr. N. L. Britton, Bull. Terr. Club, xviii. 265, maintains the identity of Smith's species, and 
 according to that view R. affinis, R. Br., .should become R. pedatijuliis. Smith, while var. mlUu.i, 
 Gray, becomes R.pedatifidnii, var. r.nrdiophijUioi. Britton, 1. c. 
 
 3 Mt. Albert, G:ispe, Lower Cana.la, J. A. Allen. 
 
 * Var. microprtnlua, Greene, Fittonia, ii. 110 (R. Anzimicits, var. .< •. 1- c. 60, 
 
 not Gray), is from cliaracter a slender small-flowered form from the San Fi:: S Arizona. 
 
 6 [n his provisional notes upon the genus, Proc. Aiii. .\cad. xxi. :^71. 1' liy through 
 
 clerical error ascribes the name rhomh.hb'us to H:iliiics.|uc. while clearly havmg mtiUs in mind, m 
 his reference ami habitat slinw. 
 
32 RANUNCULACE.E. Ranunculus. 
 
 leaves equalling the flowers. A\ siiricomtis, var. C^ssut/ciis. E. Meyer. Vl Lab. 9C. - 
 Labriidor and Lower Canada to prairies of Wisconsin and N. lUmois, Saskatcliewau, and 
 the N. Kocky Mountains, lat. 52°-55°.i 
 
 b. Pacific coiuit species, hvrge-flowered, king-styled, thickishrootcd perennial. 
 R Blooraeri, Watson. Ghibrous or sometimes sp:u-sely villous or hir.^ute: stems ascend- 
 "in.T from a f Jcicle of thickened fibrous roots, a foot or two long, robust, si)arsely flowered : 
 leaves bright green and lucid, coarsely dentate or incised ; radical long-pet ioled, some 
 broadly cordate or ovate and incisely crenate-dontate or ol)scurely lobed (2 inches h.ng), 
 some 3-parted, some 3-foliolate with the leaflets petioliilate and the terminal one even,3-lobed ; 
 cauluie not very dissimilar, siiort-petioled : petals half inch long, emarginate : akenes turgid, 
 2 lines long, glabrous, tipped with a slender subulate beak. — Bot. Calif, ii. 426. R. Chileiisix, 
 Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 134 ? not 4. — Low grounds, about San Francisco Bay ; first coll. 
 bv Bloomer. 
 
 c. Chiefly e:istern or cosmopolite, small-flowered, few-stamened, very short-styled; with 
 
 compressed and small beakless or very short-beaked or (in R. Allejjheniensis) hook-styled 
 
 akenes : stems erect and branching. 
 
 R. abortivus, L. Biennial or short-lived perennial, slender, a foot or two high, generally 
 
 quite glabrous and lucid, occasioually pubescent: radical leaves or most of them roumi- 
 
 reniforin or oblate subcordate an(i simjdy or doubly crenate; canline once or twice 3-parted 
 
 or divided into oblong or linear divisions: petals pale yellow, usually Jiot over a line long 
 
 and sliorter than the calyx : akenes lenticular, glabrous, in small globular or ovoid head. — 
 
 Spec. i. 5.51 ; Walt. Car' 159; DC. Syst. i. 268; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 19. ■ R. nitidus, Walt. 
 
 I.e.; Poir. Diet. vi. 126. — Moist woods and along streamlets, Newfoundland 2 to Florida, 
 
 Arkansas, and the mountains of Colorado, northwestward to the head-waters of Fraser 
 
 Kiver, &c. in Brit. Columbia ; fl. spring. Passes freely into 
 
 Var. micranthus, Grat.-' Slightly or conspicuously villous: some or most of 
 radical leaves 3-partcd, some 3-foliolate and leaflets even slender-petiolulate. — Man. ed. 5, 
 42. R. micranthus, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, FL i. 18; Elngelm. Am. Journ. Sci. xlvi. 94.— 
 Massachusetts to Saskatchewan and Colorado. 
 
 Var. Harveyi, Gray. Somewhat pubescent : leaves, &c. of the type or of the preced- 
 ing variety : petals conspicuous, 3 lines long, very much surpassing the calyx ! — Proc. Am. 
 Acad. xxi. 372.' — On damp rocks, common in Arkan.sas, F. L. llarvei/. Dr. Hasse.^ 
 R * AUegheniensis, Britton. Habit and foliage closely as in the typical form of the 
 Vreceding species : stMU glaucous, not lucid : akenes a little larger and flatter, slightly 
 margined dorsally or at least toward the apex, and provided with a well developed and 
 strono-lv recurved style; the latter a third as long as the akenes. —Bull. Torr. Club, xxii. 
 224. "'/i. abortivus, form, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 15. — Mountains of North Carolina and 
 Virginia, Britten, IJeller ; E. Massachusetts, at Waverly, Fernald, (Jreenman, Schrenk; 
 Woburn' Robinson; Cambridge, Deane. Intermediate stations in the Middle States will 
 doubtless be found as soon as the plant is generally distinguished fr.nn the hal.itally simih.r 
 R. abortivus, of which it may yet prove only an extreme variation, as regarded t>v s.r 
 William Hooker. 
 
 1 Black Hills, S. Dak., Fiirwood. 
 
 2 Labrador, Waghorne, 
 
 8 This variety has been recently restored to specific rank by Mr. E. P. Bicknell (Bidl. Torr. Club, 
 xxi. 41), and among other distinctions attention is called to tlie usually glabrous receptacle, that of 
 the typical R. abortivus bcinf? in.spid. While in their extremes the two plants appear quite diff'erent, 
 dubious intermediates are not lacking. The variety extends to Gaspi^ Ji'le Mucoim. 
 • 4 Add. syn. R. abortivus, var. grandiflonis, Engelni. ace. to Branner & Coville,, Ark. Geol. Sm v. 
 iv, 162; Harvey, Bull. Torr. Club, xix. 93. R. Harveyi, Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, v. 159; GreeiiH, 
 Erythea, ii. 189. The specific distinctions, adduced by Prof. Greene from the akenes do not appear 
 to hold, 'since in some specimens of the small- flowered typical form the akenes are in a globular head 
 and when mature are quite as large and no more numerous. Nor is Ihe difference of the roots more 
 constant or significant. Regarding the size of the petals some of Dr. Hasse's specimens preserved in 
 the Nat. Hnrbarinm furnish transition to the smaller-flowered form. 
 6 Also common in S. Mi.'ssouri, ranging to St. Louis, Hasse, Bush. 
 
Ranunculus. KANUNCULACE.E. 38 
 
 R. sceleratus, L- Aunual or mostly so, somewhat succulent, glabrous : radical and lower 
 caiiliiie leaves 3-5-lobed or parted and the lobes crenately incised or cleft (or when sub- 
 mersed reduced to flaccid and filiform divisions) ; upper with narrower, (livisions: jxita-ls a 
 line or two long, usually surpassinj;; tiic calyx : akenes glabrous, barely apiculate, in a 
 globular to ohlung head with a tliick receptacle. — Spec. i. 551 ; Fl. Dan. t. 571 ; Curt. I-'l. 
 Loud. ii. t. 42; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 19, with var. multiJiJus, Nutt., a mere form. — In shallow 
 pools, &c., New Brunswick ami Canada, north to lat. 67°, west to Brit. Columbia, and south 
 to Arizona, iu the Atlantic States appearing as if introduced. (Eu., Asia.) 
 = ^ = = ^ Leaves variously cleft or divided : akenes compressed, often flat, sur- 
 rounded by a more or less conspicuous firm or indurated margin : none truly alpine or 
 arctic. 
 n. Perennials, with globular or ovoid carpel-heads (except Ii. Pennsijlvanicus) and 8mo<jth or 
 
 sometimes barely pubescent akenes, mostly fibrous-rooted. 
 1. Ilook-styled ; with long-styles recurving (at least in age) and wholly persi.stcnt in a rigid 
 and uncinate elongated beak: petals only 5 : stems erect, and radical leaves hardly ever 
 divided into separate leaflets. — R. Oncostyli, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 373, exd. 
 spec. 1 . 
 R. recurvatus, Poir. Soft-hirsute or pubescent, a foot or two high, somewhat equally 
 leaved up to the short peduncles: leaves rather large (2 to 4 inches in diameter) and mostly 
 round-cordate iu outline, 3-5-cleft to beyond the middle or uppermost 3-5-j)arted, but none 
 divided ; lobes rhombic-obovate, incised and dentate : petabi ligiit yellow, oblong, 2 lines 
 long, reflexed with and shorter or hardly longer than the calyx : style nmch recurved, 
 forming a rather slender beak wiiich is not much shorter than the glabrous akeue: recep- 
 tacle bristly-pilose. — Diet. vi. 125; Pursh, Fl; ii. 394; Dcless. Ic. Sel. i. t. 41; Torr. & 
 Gray, Fl. i. 22 (excl. vars.), 658; Gray, Man. ed. 5, 42. A'. /f/Hi/^/no.suA, Walt. Car. 1.59, 
 not L. R. sanicuUeformis, Muhl. Cat. 54. A', tomentosus, Spreiig. Neue Entd. i. 287, not 
 I'oir. — Damp woods. Nova Scotia (not "Labrador," specimen so named by DC. in herb. 
 Banks being a Geum) to Florida, Ohio, and northwestward to the Lake of the Woods. 
 
 R.* tenellus, Nutt.^ A foot or more high, erect, very slender to stoutish, sparingly pulxjs- 
 cent to somewhat hirsute : leaves thin, deeply 3-5-cleft ; the segments oblanreolate to 
 obovate-cuneate, sharply and irregularly few-toothed : ])etals small, not excelling a line or 
 two iu length: receptacle glabrous; akenes 12 to 30. glabrous or nearly so, in a globo-e 
 head, and tijipcd with sleiitler circinnate-revolute beaks. — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 2.J ; 
 Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exp. 214. A', recurvatus, Bong. Veg. Sitch. 123, in part, not Poir. A'- 
 Nelsonii, var. tendlus, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 374. R. occidentalls, vars. tenellus & 
 Riseni (i:i part), Gray, 1. c. xxi. 373. R. Bonr/ardi, Greene, Erythea, iii. 54, so far a.s small- 
 flowered plant of Bongard and var. tenellus are concerned, but excl. syn. 11. uccideutalis, var. 
 L;/alli. — Alaska near the coast, southward to Idaho and S. California, Parish; common. 
 
 Var.* Lyalli, Komxsox, n. var. Similar iu habit aud foliage but commonly more 
 ]mbescent or hirsute aud with broader leaf-segments : akenes more or less hispid u])on the 
 faces. — ? R. occidentalls, var. parvijlorus, Torr. 1. c. R. occideutnlis, var. Lt/nlli, Gray, 1. c. — 
 Common in damp woodlaml, Pend Oreille Kiver, Lyall, and in the C:v<cade Mountains from 
 N. California, Blankinshi ji , to Brit. Columbia, Macoun, aud northward to Wrangel, Alask:i, 
 ace. to Miss Cooley. 
 
 R.* occidentalls, Nitt. Villous-'^ursute, with the hairs on the stem.<5 widely spreading, a 
 .span to a foot or more high : radiral and lower cauline leaves of round-iordate outline, 
 deeply 3-.5-cleft or almost parted into cuneate-obovate mostly 2-3-cleft and ag-ain inci.-^etl 
 segments and lobes, these commonly acute, occasion.illy ime or two 3-foliolate and all the 
 leaflets petiolulate ; upper smaller and with siin])ler narrower commonly lanceolate seg- 
 ments r petals spreading, various, conspicuous and twice the length of the roflexe«l calyx : 
 styles forming a .stout and flattened subulate hooked beak which equals or is rather shorU>r 
 than the glabrous or sparingly bristly hairy akene : carpel-receptacle quite glabrous. — Nutt. 
 
 1 From the more copious material now at hand it lia.s seemed necessary to modify considerably 
 Dr. Gray's manuscript treatment of this and the following siiccies. His views rugardiug them, how- 
 ever, have already been published (Proc. Am. Acad. xxi. 372-374). 
 
 3 
 
34 KANUNCULACE.E. lianunculu^^. 
 
 in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 22 ; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xxi. 372. R. recurvatus, var. Nelsoni, 
 DC. Syst. i. 290 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 23. R. forma prima & forma secmdn, Selilecht. 
 Animad. Hanunc. ii. 28, under R. recurvatus. R. occidentalls (exd. var. cohi/s) &, R. Nel- 
 sunii, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 374. R. Schlechtendalii, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 21, as to 
 plant there described, but not tlic plant of SclUecht. {R, fascicularis) to which he referred 
 it, and which was the type. A'. Eiseni, Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. vii. 115, and R. occi- 
 dentalis, var. Eiseni, Gray, L c. (in its principal part), is only a short-styled form of this 
 species. — Open woods and low ground, northern Kocky Mountains to the Alaskan coast 
 and islands, and southward to the borders of California, first coll. by Nelsori, then by 
 Chamisao. Kuttall's original is low, rather slender and naked-stemmed, small-leaved, but 
 pretty large-flowered, the oblong or narrowly obovate petals 4 lines long : carpels glabrous 
 with often a few bristly hairs toward the back. 
 
 Var. Rattani, Gray, l. c. Like the typical form; but akenes papillose-roughened as 
 well as densely liispidulous. — On the Klamath, N. California,' Rattan, with short and stout 
 strongly hooked beak ; Josephine Co., S. W. Oregon. Ilowelt, with more slender beak and 
 sparser hairs on the akene. 
 
 Var.* roblistus, Gr^vy. a span to a foot or more high, with stout stems, ample leaves 
 (2 to 4 inches in diameter), and large flowers : petals broadly obovate, 4 to 6 lines long: 
 akenes even 2 lines in diameter and numerous in the head. — Proc. Am. Acad. xxi. 373. 
 Here Schlechtendal's "forma prima " with "fores magni," and the type of R. occidentalis, 
 Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 374. — Alaskan Islands, especially Uualaska, Attar, Kyska^ 
 &c., Harrington, Dall, &c. 
 
 R.* Turneri, Greene. Habit and foliage much as in the taller and stouter forms of the pre- 
 ceding, but flowers larger, 9 to 15 lines in breadth, long-peduncled : carpels more numer- 
 ous, 50 to 60 in a head and tipped with very strongly circinate-revolute styles. — Pittonia, ii. 
 296, & Erythea, iii. 54, excl. syn. R. recurvatus, var. robustus. — Northern Alaska, on the 
 Porcupine River, Turner. This species may perhaps belong to the next subdivision, but the 
 mature akenes necessary to decide this point are not at hand. 
 
 2. Broad-hooJc-styled ; with recurved-hooked stj'les shorter than the ovary, broad and flat, 
 
 stigmatic for much of their length, wholly persistent in a very strong and flat triangular 
 
 or gladiate hooked beak, which is much shorter than the flat akene and confluent with its 
 
 sharp margin : radical leaves divided or nearly so, petals only 5. 
 
 R. acriformis, Gr.^^y. Strict and slender, a foot high, hirsute with short mostly appressed 
 
 pubescence : leaves all palmately or pedately 3-5-parted or divided into narrow 2-3-cleft 
 
 segments and lobes, the latter lanceolate or linear and mostly entire; petals orbicular- 
 
 obovate, a quarter inch long, hardly double the length of the spreading calyx : akenes over 
 
 a line long, with curved beak of half its length.—- Proc. Am. Acad. xxi. 374. R. acrix 
 
 Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 18 (partly), & Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. 66. — Eastern part of Rocky 
 
 Mountains in Brit. Am., lat. 58°, Drummond ; Wyoming, Parry (distrib. as A', ajffinis). Wind 
 
 River, Forwood, and near Cheyenne,'- Greene, the latter coll. July, 1872. 
 
 R. canus, Benth. Erect or ascending, robust, a foot or two high, soft villous with white 
 
 hairs when young, at length commonly green and sparsely villous or glabrate : leaves mostly 
 
 3-divided and the middle or all the leaflets petiolulate, all more or less cuneate and 2-3-cleft 
 
 with the lobes incised : petals obovate, half inch or less in length, fully twice the length of 
 
 the reflexed soft-villous calyx: akenes fully 2 i lines long, the broad and hooked beak less 
 
 than a line long. — PI. Hartw. 294; Gray, 1. c. R. daliforninis, var. canns, Brew. & Wats. 
 
 Bot. Calif, i. 8. 7^ occidentalis, var. canus, Graj', 1. c. viii. 374. — Low grounds, valley of 
 
 the Sacramento, California, Hartweg (in flower), probably near Chico, where now coll. in 
 
 flower and fruit by Mrs. Bidwell.^ 
 
 1 Mendocino County, Calif., Blankinship, and reported from Mt. Hauiilton, Central Calif., by 
 Greene, Erythea, i. 88. 
 
 2 And on the Laramie River, Crandall. 
 
 3 The type of this species is .silky-lanate. throughout and appears to be an unusual form not .since 
 rediscovered. Prof. Greene (Erythea, ii. 189) believe.s the greener sub-glabrate form a distiuct 
 species, whicli he has called R. hesperoxgs. He adduces, however, no satisfactory difl"erences other 
 than the more deciduous indumentxun. 
 
Eanunculux. KANUNCULACEiE. 35 
 
 Var.* Blankinshipii, RoniNSON, n. var. Silky-Liuate induiiientuin perBistiiig but 
 less cleuse thau in tlie type: akenes conspicuously liispid-papillose. — Capay, Yolo Couuty, 
 Calif., J. W. BlauUnshlj), 15 April, 1893. 
 
 3. Short-st filed ; the iutrorsely stifijniatic styU's thickish-subulate and mostly all persisting iu 
 the short and straight or recurved beak : herbage hirsute or pubescent. 
 
 O Lax or weak-stemmed, Californiau, no stolons : petals more thau 5 ; lieak of akenes suIj- 
 ulate and more or less hooked. 
 
 R. Californicus, Benth. Usually pubescent or hirsute, 6 to 25 inches high, brandling 
 and naked above: petals 6 to 15 (sometimes only 5?), deep glossy yellow, or becoming 
 paler, oblong or narrowly obovate, a tliird to half inch long: akenes fiat but only slightly 
 margined, 2 lines or less long, and beak about half line long. — PI. Ilartw. 295 ; Rrew. & 
 Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 7 (excl. var. cams) ; Gray, 1. c. 37'J. N. disscctus, Hook. & Am. Bot. 
 Beech. 316, not Bieb. li. arris, var. (ik'ppii, Nutt.) Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 21. li. d^lj.hiui- 
 foliusf Torr. & Gray, 1 c. 659, not IIBK.* — Dry or barely moist ground, common through- 
 out all the western part of California and adjacent Oregon; early coil, by Dourjlas and 
 by 2h. Coidter. The typical form with leaves some teruately divided or parted and some 
 pinnately 5-divided into linear or narrow lanceolate and often 2-3-parted divisions, passes 
 freely into 
 
 Var. latilobUS, Gray. Radical leaves palmately 3-parted or divided into broadly or 
 narrowly cuneate incisely cleft or laciniate divisions, and cauline leaves correspondingly 
 coarse. — Proc. Am. Acnd. xxi. 375. It. Ludovicianus, Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. ii. 58. — 
 A common form, especially southward, from San Francisco Bay to San Diego and San Ber- 
 nardino. Some forms too nearly approach R. canus.^ 
 
 O O Strictly erect species, introduced from Europe, no stolons : very short styles stigmatase 
 for all or most of their length : petals 5, broad, a third to half inch long. See also R. 
 pai-vulus. 
 
 R. AcKis, L. Tall, not bulbous-thickened at base of stem, summer-flowering: leaves of 
 rounded outline, pedately .5-parted or almost divided ; but divisions not petiolulate, 2-3 cleft 
 and laciniate, lobes and teetli acute : calyx merely spreading : petals smaller and less glo8.sy 
 than in the next : short style more prominent. — Spec. i. 554 ; Curt. Fl. Loud. i. t. 39 ; fI. 
 Dan. t. 2415; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 21, excl. var. — Moist ground, Atlantic States an<i 
 Canada, especially eastward (Nat. from Eu.) : Newfoundland, &.c., where,** as in Greenland, 
 perhaps indigenous. 
 
 R. bulb6su8, L. a foot or two high from a globose solid-bulbous base or corm, spring- 
 flowering: radical leaves of ovate outline, divided into 3 roundish leaflets, of whidi the 
 middle one is conspicuously and the lateral slightly if at all petiolulate, and all 3-cleft or 
 parted and incised, lobes and teetli mostly obtuse : petals ohovate-orbicular, deep glossy 
 yellow: calyx reflexed: style very short. — Spec. i. 554; Fl. Dan. t. 551 ; Schkuhr, Ilandb. 
 t. 152; Bigel. Med. Bot. iii. 61, t. 47. — Meadows and pastures, Canada to Virginia, and 
 even Louisiana, but most common in New England.* { Nat from Eu. ) 
 
 O O Erect or ascending, not stoloniferous, 5-petalous : straiglit and stout-subulate style 
 stigmatose for a good part of its length, and persisting in a l)road-subulatc bt\ik. 
 
 R. Pennsylvanicus, L. f. Erect from an (at least sometimes) anniud root, hirsute with 
 widely spreading almost hispid hairs : stem stout, a foot or two high, leafy to the top : leaves 
 all ternately compound and petiolulate leaflets Sparted or deeply cleft into oblong or 
 cuneate-lanceolate and laciniate segments and lobes, these acute : peduncles sh«)rt : jietals 
 oblong or obovate and small, a line or two long, not surpassing the reflexed calyx : akenes a 
 line long, pointed with a nearly sLraigiit short beak, Ijecoming spicate in the oblong or 
 
 1 Add syn. f R. rugulosus, Greene, Pittonia, ii. 58. 
 
 2 A number of further varieties of the polymorphous Ji. Callfortiicvs liave been characterized by 
 Prof. Greene, Fl. Francis. 299, & Erytliea, i. 125; the material at haml, however, fails to show these 
 forms well marked among frequent intermediates. 
 
 * There is little iu its mode of occurrence in Newfoundland to sutr^est indigenous nature, since it 
 appears there as elsewhere in America along roadsides, about habitittioiis, and iu pastures. 
 
 * Sj^aringly introduced also in the far west, S. Brit. Columbia, Maamn. 
 
3G KANlNCri-ACF-.K. lianuuculus. 
 
 cyliudraceous head. — Suppl. 272; Poir. Diet. vi. 120; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 19; Torr. & 
 Gray, Fl. i. 22. R. Canadensis, Jacq. Misc. ii. 343, & Ic. Rar. t. 105. li. trifolius, Mccnch, 
 Meth. Suppl. 70. • R. ht'spidus, rnrsh, Fl. ii. 395, not Michx. R. fascicularis, Wats. Bot. 
 King Exp. 9 ? a dwarf form. — Wet ground, Upper Georgia to Nova Scotia, and westward 
 to Arizuua and Fort Colville on the Upper Columbia, &c. 
 R.* MacOlinii, I'.uitton.i Ascending or declined, usually hut not always hispidly hirsute 
 with spreading liairs, annual or biennial, but the f;v<cicled roots sometimes thickened and 
 more enduring : stem's few-leaved, 6 to 20 inches long : leaves all ternatoly compound ; leaf- 
 lets mostlv sleuder-petiolulate and broadly ovate in outline, 3-parted or cleft into rhomboidal 
 or narrower and laciuiate mostly acute segments and lobes : peduncles rather long : petals 
 obovate, mostlv 3 lines long, surpassing tlie spreading or hardly rcflexed and early decidu- 
 ous calvx : akenes mostly a line and a half long, with short and straight (about half line 
 long) beak iormed of the whole flat subulate style ; tlie head (as in all but the l:\st i)reced- 
 ing'' species) globular or at most oval. —Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. xii. 3. R. hlspidus. Hook. 
 Fl. Bor.-Am. i. I'J; Turr. & Gray, Fl. i. 22, not Michx. R. repens, var. hispidus, Tott. & 
 Gray, Fl. i. 658, in jjart. — Moi.st ground, Canada and north shore of Lake Superior to 
 Saskatchewan and northward, south to New Mexico, Thurber, and Utah, west to Oregon 
 and Brit. Columbia, lleclining summer stems seldom if ever rooting. Species sometimes 
 confounded with R. Pennsi/lvanicus, sometimes with R. septentrional is. R. luspidns, var. 
 Orei)mi,is, Grav, Froc. Am. Acad. xxi. 376 {R. uitidiis, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 20, in part), is 
 a smoutliish form, common in shaded and wet grounds, from Oregon, Howell, Suksdorf, &c., 
 to Fr;u;er Kiver.^ 
 
 O O O O Ascending, also creeping l)y4)rocumbent rooting branches or stolons: short sub- 
 ulate style stigmatose for its whole length and all or nearly all of it persisting in the beak. 
 R. repens, L. Soft-hirsute or pubescent, sometimes almost glabrous : principal leaves of 
 ovate or roundish outline, not rarely white-variegated or spotted, some only 3-parted, more 
 divided into 3 rhombic-ovate 2-3-lobed and incised leaflets, the middle and often the lateral 
 ones petiolulate, sometimes these again 2-3-parted ; lobes and teeth of rtnver leaves obtuse i 
 petals broadly cuneate-obovate, a third to half inch long : calyx spreading : akenes over a 
 line long. — Spec. i. 554; Fl. Dan. t. 795; Curt. Fl. Lond. iv. t. 38; lleichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ, 
 iii. t. 20, but only partly of Amer. authors. R. prostratus, Poir. Diet. vi. 113 ; Eaton, Mai'' 
 ed. 5, 358. R. Clintonii, Beck, P>ot. 9. — Low grounds, Nova Scotia 3 and Canada to Vir- 
 ginia, generally in waste grounds near the coast, but also on river-banks well in the interior, 
 and in New Mexico, Nevada,* &c., where it is manifestly indigenous ; flowering later than 
 R. septentrionalis. (Eu., Asia.) 
 
 4 Long-sti/led and mostly long-beaked : i. e. styles more or less elongated and attenuate 
 upward, introrsely stigmatose only at and near the tip, sometimes all persistent, but 
 mostly with the slender upper portion deciduous from the beak at maturity or fragile. 
 
 Petals 5 : primary radical leaves or some of them (at least in dry soil) commonly 
 undivided and only 3-parted, but succeeding ones 3-5-foliolai;e. 
 
 R.* hispidus, Micux.s Stems rather .slender, 6 inches to 1^ feet high, flexuous, hirsute or 
 viUous especially when young, sometimes glabrate : pubescence of the lower part commonly 
 spreading, of the leaves appressed : root a cluster of stout fibres : leaves palmately 3-parted 
 or i)edatelv and somewhat pinuately 3(-5)-divided ; segments or leaflets oblong-oblanceolate 
 to obovate, usually narrowed at the base, usually acutely toothed and sohiewhat irregularly 
 cleft : flowers large : petals nmch exceeding the sepals : head of carpels globose to ovoid ; 
 akenes suborbicnlar, rather numerous, strongly margined and tipped with a subulate per- 
 sistent straightish or slightly curved style. — Fl. i. 321 ; Britton, Trans. N.Y.Acad. Sci. 
 
 1 Name substituted for the one used in Dr. Gray'.- jnanuscript; see foot-note 5, below. 
 
 2 Also at Sproat and Kootenai Lake, Brit. Columbia, ace. to J. M. Macoun, Bot. Gaz. xvi. 28o. 
 8 Newfounilland, Robinson & Schrenk. 
 
 4 Hnniboldt Co., Calif., Marshall, ace. to Greene, Pittonia, ii. 38; and frequent in lawns about San 
 Francisco, ace. to Greene, ^lan. Bay Reg. 3, where doubtless intio.iuccd. 
 
 s This and the following two species are here interpreted in the light of Dr. Britto.i s revision 
 cited. Dr. Gray had in his manuscript notes, made in Paris in 1887, already separated the R. hispidus 
 of Michx. from that of Hooker. 
 
Rnmoiculus. UANUXCULACr:.K. 37 
 
 xii. 4; not DC, nor Hook., nor Gray. II. ^faril,ln(licu», Poir. Diet. vi. 126, /ide Gray, ma. 
 1887. R. repcns, var. Mmilnndlnts, T.jrr. & Gray, Fl. i. 21 ; Torr. Fl. N. Y. i.'lS. R./niirn. 
 laris, Britton, I'l. N. J. 4,./(VA.' Brittoii, Trans. N. Y. Acu<l. Sci. xii. ;J. — Cojumon in wckmIs. 
 tliroughout the Midillo States and e.vti-ntling from Canada to (Georgia, Arkansas, and 
 probaldy Texa.s ; fl. early .spring, Ajml, May; in the Soutli, February. 
 R.* septentrionalis, Pom. Similar to tiie [)rcc('ding, but stouter, taller, more erect, often 
 .stuloiiifcruus, from very coarsely and co|)iously hirsute to almost or quite glabroiia : leaves 
 nearly all poilatejy and ])innately .3-foliolate : leaflets .3-parted and sharply inciseil : flr>wers 
 large, often more than an inch broad : fruiting heads ovoi<l ; carjiels stmngly comiircs.«;.-d, 
 ovate, short-oblong, or oliovato, rather gradually contracted into a long flat beak. — Did. vi! 
 125. R. toiiiciitosns, Poir. 1. c. 127. f II. lucidus, Poir. 1. c. 11.3. R. reprns of Amer. authors 
 in great part. R. fascicidaris, Schlecht. Animad. Ranunc. ii. ,30, t. 2, not Muhl. A'. Schlec'liten- 
 data, Hook. ¥1. Bor.-Am. i. 21, a-s to type, but see also synonyms of R. onidentalU. R. liel- 
 visii, DC. Sj-st. i. 291. ? R. Philonotis, Pursh, Fl. ii. 393! —New Brunswick, Fowler, tt) New- 
 Jersey, Kentucky, and northward to Winnipeg, Bourgcati; common in moist places; 
 fl. May, June. 
 
 R.* palmatus, Ei.l. A similar but smaller plant, weak, decuml>ent, sending out runners: 
 leaves small, thin, an inch broail, tlie lowest subentire or usually more or less deejilv 3-])artcd 
 or divided ; segments or leaflets ovate, obtusely few-toothed : flowers but hidf inch in diam- 
 eter: achenes broadly and sharjjly margined, few in number, tipped with a strong flat 
 straightish beak. — Sk. ii. 61 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 658; Cliapm. Fl. 8; ^yats. Bibl. inde.x, 
 21 ; Britton, 1. c. 6. R. septentrionalis. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xxi. 376, in part, not Poir.— 
 Swanijjy grounds iu pine barrens, South Carolina to Tennessee anil Florida; fl. Ai.ril 
 May. 
 
 R. fascicularis, Muiil. A span or two high, tufted, soon spreading, but no sarmentose 
 stems: fascicled roots tuberou.s-thickened or fusiform: i)ubescence almost all cIo.>selv ai>- 
 pressed: earliest radical leaves ovate or oblong and- almo.st entire or rounded and 3-lob.-.l or 
 parted; later and principal ones of oblong outline, and di.spo.sed to be pinnatelv quinate, 
 some with divisions or leaflets again 3-7-partcd ; lobes from linear-spatulate to oblongi 
 obtuse : petals obovate-oblong, from quarter to lialf indi long : akencs lenticular, le.ss mar- 
 gined than in the foregoing and with more slender style and beak. — Cat. 54; Big.d. Fl. 
 Bost. 1.37 (1814): Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 20, t. 8, f. 1 ;" Gray. Gen. 111. i. 30, t. 9,' not of 
 Sciilecht. a:id some Amer. authoi-s. — Moist or dry liills, Canada and F. \ew England and 
 Texas, northwest to L. Winnipeg ; fl. early. 
 
 O O IVtals 7 to 16; no creeping nor procumbent basal stems: plants of Mexican tvpe. 
 
 R, macranthus, Scheele. Hirsute: stems erect and a foot or two high, or 2 to 3 feet 
 long and declining, commonly robust : leaves nearly as of R. srpinitriomilis, but many qui- 
 nate : petals from a third to nearly full inch long, from obovate to oblong : akenes nnistlv 
 numerous in a large head, ovate or orbicular, conspicuously thin-margined, at length with a 
 rather short broadly flat-subulate beak, the slender upper ])ortion of the long straight stvle 
 falling away. — Linn asa, xxi. 585; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 29; Rothrock in Wheeler, Hep. 
 vi. 58; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xxi. 377. R. repms, var. mnrrant/uis. Gray, PI. Lindh. ii. 
 141, & PI. Wright, ii. 8. — Moist gro.nnd, S. & W. Texas, first coll. by Lindhcimer, to S. W. 
 Arizona, Rothrock, Pringle, [jemmon. 
 
 R. orthorh:^nchus, Hook. From sparsely hirsute (with spreading hairs) to nearly gla- 
 brous : stems erect, a foot or so high from a fascicled root of thick fibres : leaves mostly of 
 oblong general outline and pinnate division into 5 to 7 leaflets or segments (lower commonly 
 short potiolulate, upper confluent), the.se again usually cleft or incised : petals a third to half 
 inch long, ol)Ovate (sometimes purjdo underneath), much surpassing the reflexed »<Mm 
 fleciduous calyx: akenes usually not numerous in the head, ovate, nearly two lines long, 
 strongly margined, bearing a slender subulate rigid and straight beak of nearly e4]ual 
 length which consists of the wholly per.^istent style. — Gray, Proc. Am. Aciul. xxi. 377. 
 Varies cxtemely in foliage: the typical form, stenophvi.ms, with :ill the leaves somewhat 
 bipinnately dissected into segments of a line or less in width (as in the figure), or some 
 radical ones simply divided into broad cuneate or ohov.ate 2-3-lol)ed or totithe<l segment.s or 
 
 1 Add Meehan's Monthlv. ii. 1. t. 1. 
 
38 RANUNCULACE.E. Ranunculus. 
 
 leaflets. — 7?. orihorkynchus. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 21, t. 9; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 24; Walp. 
 Rep. i. 43 (misprinted ornilhorhi/nrhus) ; (Jray, 1. c. viii. 373. But not R. dichotomns, M09. & 
 Sesse, of Mexico, as supposed by Schlecht. Linnaea, vi. 579. — Wet ground, W. Oregon to 
 Brit. Columbia; first coll. by Douglas. Passes into the very marked 
 
 Var. platyph^llus, Gray, 1. c. Rol)ust, 1 to 3 (according to Kellogg even over 5) 
 feet high: leaves with limb 2 to 4 inches long, and leaflets or segments 1 to 3 inches long, 
 from oblong or rhuniboidal to ovate, laciniately cleft and incised : petals varying from a 
 quarter to three fourths inch long: beak of akenes sometimes 2 lines long. — R. macranthus, 
 Wats. Bot. King Exp. 9 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 8, not Scheele. R. maximus, Greene, 
 Bull. Torr. Club, xiv. 118. — Wet soil, Wasatch Mountains, N. Utah, Watson, Jonex, and 
 N. Nevada, near Pyramid Lake, Lemmon, to Marin and Mendocino Co., Calif, Krllo;/if, 
 Bolander,^ in the largest forms.'^ Smaller and moderately broad-leaved, N. California, 
 Greene, Mrs. Austin; Klikitat Co., Washington, Suksdorf; nxountains of Idalio, Watson.^ 
 
 b. Annuals or biennials, all bat one introduced from the Old World. 
 1. Akenes smooth and even, or at length with some scattered and very small papillae: 
 flowers moderately large and showy. 
 
 R. pAkvclcs, L. a span to a foot high (variable in size in the manner of annuals), hirsute, 
 especially the lower part of the erect or ascending stems and petioles : radical leaves, some 
 3-parted, but most 3-foliolate, with at least middle leaflet petiolulate, all of roundish or 
 obovate and cuneate outline, and mostly cleft and incised or dentate in tlie way of R. repens : 
 petals much surpassing the reflexed calyx: akenes (a line long) orbicular, fiat, with a thin 
 sharp margin, tipped with a very short triangular-subulate beak, consisting of tlie whole 
 introrsely stigmatose style. — Mant. 79 ; Smith, Fl. Brit. 593. R. Sai-dous, Crantz, Stirp. 
 Anstr. if. 84 (ed. 2, i. 111). R. hirsiUus, Curt. Fl. Lond. ii. t. 40; Ait. Kew. ii. 268; Eng. 
 Bot. t. 1504; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. iii. t. 23. R. philonotis, Ehrh. Rpitr. ii. 145; Retz. 
 Obs. vi. 31 ; Fl. l-»an. ix. t. 14b9; probaljly not of Tursh. — Low ground, Savannah, Georgia, 
 Canbij ; the akenes aU smooth. Near Philadelphia, but only in baUast grounds, Martindale. 
 (Sparingly nat. from Eu.) 
 
 2. Akenes hispidulous with hooked hairs and papillose-scabrous : flowers minute. 
 
 R. hebecarpus, Hook. & Arn. Slender, sometimes exiguous, a span to a foot high, pa- 
 niculately branched, lax-hirsute : leaves of rounded outline, small, ternately or pedately 
 parted, or some divided into petiolulate simple or laciniately cleft leaflets : peduncles short : 
 petals a line or less long, pale yellow, not surpassing the sepals : akenes few in the loose 
 heads, obliquely orbicul.ar. flat, a line or less long, tipped with a sliort subulate curved beak. 
 — Bot. Beech. 316; Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. 62; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 8, with var. jmsil- 
 lus, mere depauperate plants. R. parvi floras, var., Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 25, 659. — Open 
 ground, throughout W. California to Washington. (Lower Calif.) 
 3. Akenes muriculate or echinate. 
 
 R. PARvrFL6Rns, L. Villous or hirsute, slender and low, diffuse : radical leaves orbicular in 
 outline, 3-5-parted or divided and the cuneate segments laciniate-lobed : inflorescence and 
 flowers nearly of the preceding : akenes rougher papillose-scabrous, not hairy, tipped with 
 very short beak. — Spec. ed. 2, i. 780; Eng. Bot. t. 120; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. iii. t. 22; 
 Torr. & Gray, 1. c., excl. var. R. trachyspermus. Ell. Sk. ii. 65. — Waste grounds near towns, 
 &c., Maryland to Florida, Texas, and Arkansas. (Nat. from Eu.) 
 
 R. muricAtus, L. Glabrous or sparsely pubescent, rather stout and succulent, span to a foot 
 or so high : leaves mostly round-cordate or reniform, 3-5-cleft and coarsely crenate-dentate : 
 petals deep yellow, a quarter inch long, surpassing the calyx : akenes quarter inch long 
 besides the stout subulate curved beak, which is confluent with the strong and salient mar- 
 gins, the flat faces conspicuously tuberculate or echinuLe. -Spec. i. 555 ; Michx. Fl. i. 321 ; 
 Lam. lU. t. 498 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 24. — Wet soil near towns, Virginia to S. Carolina, 
 Louisiana, and California near San Francisco to S. Oregon. (Nat. from Ru.) 
 R. ARviNSis, L. of Europe, with linear-lobed leaves and coarse ecKnate akenes, has been 
 
 detected in ballast grounds.* 
 
 1 Sonoma Co., Calif., Congdmu 
 
 2 Similar robust forms have been recently collected in Humb-jldt Co., Calif., Blankinship. 
 8 And in S. Brit. Cohimbia, Macoun. 
 
 4 Tliis speries, according to Britton (Bull. Torr. Club, xix. 21[t), i-^ .spreading in New Jersey. 
 
Caltha. RANUNCULACE.E. 39 
 
 Recently pulilislied species of uncertain affinities. 
 
 R.* AustinaB, Greene. " Perennial l>y a fitscide of coarse and lonfj flesliy-fihrouH r<M>li*: 
 stem and leaves glabrous, weak and ratlier succulent, the former G to 10 indies lii;.;h ; radical 
 leaves few, of nmnd-obovate outline, abruptly tapering to tlie very long and sK-nder )M-liolo 
 or nearly truncate at base, and witii mostly al»uut five rather slialluw terminal IoIm-jj, 
 some with three largo and rather deeper lobes; cauline leaves cuneate-olM)vato, S-IoIkmI, 
 sessile : flowers .solitary, on very long anil slender ijeduucles, these few and terminal or «ui>- 
 t»riP'!r..ii : petals white : stamens yellow, rather few : carpels pnlxnilcnt, roiiniicd, neither 
 comjjres.sed nor margined, tipped witii a long and .slender straight or m-arly stniight U-ak, 
 and arranged in an ovoid or more elongated head." — Erythea, iii. 44. — Crevices »if lava 
 rock ea.stof Willow Creek Valley, 2s. Calif., Mrs. Austin. Description (pioled from original 
 characterization. 
 
 R.* alceus, Greene. " Less than a foot high, ratlier .slender, freely branching, wift-liirsutc 
 and villous but not canescent: leaves only abtmt 1 inch long, on slender petinles, of o\ato 
 general outline and in 3 divisions, the middle one stalked, all cuneiform and doul)ly cleft: 
 flowers very small, the round-obovate petals 5 only, barely a line long : akenes rather 
 numerous, obliquely obovoid, smooth, or with a faint venation, tipped with a stout recurved 
 beak, and forming a globose head." — Erythea, iii. 69. — Elk Mountain, Mendocino C«j., 
 Calif., Jepson. Description quoted from the original characterization. 
 
 10. CAIjTHA, L. Marsh Marigold. (Ancient Latin name of a 
 strong-scented plant, probably the true Marigold, Calendula. The common 
 derivation, originated by Linnaeus, is a mere conjecture.) — Perennial herbs, of 
 temperate and frigid regions, glabrous ; with a fascicle of strong fibrous roots, 
 simple leaves more or less rounded and cordate at base, and pedunculate showy 
 flowers, either solitary or several and cymosely clustered. — Gen. no. 4G3 ; Benth. 
 & Hook. Gen. i. 6.^ 
 
 * Leafy-stemmed: follicles sessile : flowering in early s]iring. 
 C. paltistris, L. (Marsh Marigold, vulgarly called Coivslips.) Stem erect, commonly 
 robust, few-leaved, usually several-flowered : leaves from orbicular-cordate to rcniform, from 
 dentate or crenate to entire : sepals 5 or 6, rarely 7, oval, half inch or more long, golden 
 yellow: anthers elongated-oblong. — Spec. i. 558; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 32, t. 10. C. palugtris, 
 Jxcarioides, & flahellifolia, I'ursh, Fl. ii. 389, 390, the last (t. 17) a weak form in cdd 
 mountain springs, mth tiiinner open-reniform leaves and smaller flowers, approaching the 
 following var. — In wet ground, Atlantic U. S. east of the Mississii)pi, from the mountains 
 of Carolina and Tennessee northward to Newfoundland, thence west to Minnesota atid 
 Saskatchewan ; and in some forms to Alaska and the arctic coast but mainly a.s var. 
 (Eu., Asia.) 
 
 Var. radicans, Gray, n. var. Stems becoming decumbent or procumbent and com- 
 monly rooting at tiie nodes, 1 -few-flowered : flowers either similar or smaller: leaves cciually 
 various, ofteuer dilated-reniform, sometimes nearly truncate at base. — t. radicans. Forst. 
 Trans. Linn. Soc. viii. 324, t. 17. C. asarifolia, DC. Syst. i. 309. C. nrcticn, M. Br. in Parry, 
 1st Voy. Suppl. to App. 265, said to have linear anthers, but hardly so. C. /.fi/i/s/r/s, v.ir. 
 Sihirica, Kegel, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. xxxiv. pt. 2, 53, in part. — Subarctic and arctic 
 America, Melville Island to Alaska. (Scotland to Kamtsch., Japan, &c.) 
 C. natans, Pall. Stems prostrate or floating, rooting freely, with solitary or a few sc.ittered 
 flowers: leaves round-reniform, crenulate or entire: sepals oval, 2 or 3 lines long, white or 
 tinged with rose : stamens few : anthers short^val •. follicles not over 2 lines long, blunt or 
 mucrouulate, forming a close globular head. — Reise. iii. 284 (Gmel. Fl. Sibir. iv. 192, t. 82) ; 
 DC. 1. c. 311 ; R. Br. 1. c. 265; Lawson, Rev. Canad. Kanunc. 68. — Wet si.hagnous l-.gs 
 and flowing water, Brit. America, Athabasca Plains - and northwanl. (N. Asia, Kamtsch,) 
 
 1 Recent literature: G. Beck, K. K. zool. Imt. Gesdl.srh. Vorliandl. (Vienna), xxwi. .'?»7. :•>'<% 
 E. Huth, Mono^-. in Helios, ix. 69-74, t. 1. 
 
 2 Since collected at Tower, Minnesota, E. J. Flill, and in Vermillion liftkc, Sandberg. 
 
40 rxANUNCrLACE.E. Caltha. 
 
 * * Scapose or barely one-leavcil, 1-2-flowerecl, erect : sepals -nhite, sometimes bluish : 
 follicles more or less stipitate, pointed with short style. 
 
 C. biflora, r>C. Scape slender: leaves round- reniform, crenate or repand : sepals 6 to 9, 
 ovtU, becoming oblong: follicles at maturity distinctly stipitate. — Syst. i. 310; Hook. Fl. 
 Bor.-Am. i. 22 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 27 ; Wats. Bot. Calif, ii. 427. C. lepiosepala, Gray, 
 Troc. Am. Acad. viii. .375; Brew. & "Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 9, mainly. — Damp ground, Alaska 
 to mountains of California, first coll. by Menzies. 
 
 C. leptosepala, DC. 1. c. Stouter: leaves from round-oval or round-obovate to ovate with 
 :<mall and narrow (cordiform or sagittiform) sinus, crenate or repand, tlie nerves at base 
 nearly parallel : sepals 7 to 10, oblong, becoming narrower: follicles obscurely stipitate. — 
 Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 22, 1. 10 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 27 ; Garden, xxx. 340, t. SG.").! C. sar/illata, 
 Torr.' Ann. Lye. N. Y. ii. 164, not Cav. — Alaska and Washington, and higher Rocky 
 Mountains from Brit. Columbia to N. Nevada, Utah, and S. Colorado; first coll. by Menzies. 
 
 11. TROLLIUS, L. Globe-flower. (Name, a Latinization by Gesner 
 of TrolU from the German venuicular name Trollblume, of which the origin is 
 doubtful.) — Perennial herbs, of the northern temperate zone, glabrous; with 
 palmately cleft and incised or dissected leaves, and large usually solitary flowers 
 terminating simple stems ; fl. in spring and early summer. — Gen. ed. 5, no. 620 ; 
 Gray, Gen. 111. i. 33, t. 11. « 
 
 T. EuROP.^us, L., the true Globe-floavek, which answers to the name in the globular form 
 
 of tlie golden yellow calyx, is cultivated in gardens. 
 
 T. laxus, Salisb. At length a foot or two high : leaves 5-7-parted : sepals .5 or 6, spread- 
 ing, ochroleucous or dull white : petals 15 to 25, inconspicuous, being shorter than the 
 stamens. — Trans. Liun. Soc. viii. 303; Tursh, i?i. ii. G5I , Terr FV N. Y. i. 18. t. 3; Gray, 
 1. c. «Ss Am. Jour. Sci. ."^er. 2, xxxiii. 241 (var. albijiurus) ; Lawsou, 1. c. 70. T. Amerkamis, 
 Muhl. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1791, 172, & Cat. 54; Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1988; DC. Syst. 
 i. 313, a much earlier published name, but without character. Gaissenm verna, Kaf. Med. 
 Kep. hex. 2, v. 351, .& in DesV. Jour. Bot. ii. 168 (1809). — Bogs, New Hampshire to Michigan 
 and south to Delaware, also Rocky Mountains from Brit. America to Colorado and Utah, 
 and to the Cascades in Brit. Columbia. 
 
 12. ISOP^RUM, L. QIa-oTTvpov, ancient name of a Fumnria, transferred 
 to the present genus.) — Low perennials (or a foreign one annual), of the 
 northern temperate zone, glabrous, mostly white-flowered, with ternately com- 
 pound leaves ; the primary divisions long-petiolulate in the way of Thalictrum : 
 ours (§ Enemion) apetalous and with white filaments clavellate ; fl. spring -and 
 early summer. — Gen. ed. 2, no. 533 ; DC. Syst. i. 323; Benth. & Hook. Gen. 
 i. 8; Maxim. Diag. PL Asiat. v. 623. Enemion, Raf. Jour. Phys. xci. 70, 
 apetalous species. 
 
 * Flowers scattered, solitary and terminal or opposite the leaves: stems slcuder, a span to 
 a foot high ; mostly with filiform rootstocks. 
 
 I. biternatum, Torr. & Gray. Root of copious slender fibres, some here and there 
 moniliform-thickened : leaflets cuneate-obovate or roundish, commonly 3-lobed : carpels 
 3 to 6, commonly 4, sessile, about 3-ovuled and 2-3-seeded, ovate, divaricate at maturity, 
 subulate-pointed with long persistent style ; seeds smooth, with prominent rhaphe. — Fl. i. 
 660 ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 36, t. 12. I, thalldroides (which it much resembles), Short, Cat. PI. 
 Kentucky, 8; Hook. Jour. Bot. i. 187. Enemion hiternalum, Raf. 1. c; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 
 29. — Shady and moist grounds, Ohio^ to Wisconsin and south to Texas. 
 
 I. OCCidentale, Hook. & Arn. Root of thickened fascicled fibres: leaflets cuneate, 2-3- 
 lobed : follicles 5 to 7, elongated-oblong, .sessile, barely spreading, mucronate with short 
 
 1 Vars. rntHtidifoUn k HowelUi, Hnth, 1. c. 68, appear to have only foiin.il value. 
 
 2 f nii^.t.-.i .,r i,n>i.lon, Ontario, Deaitiess, ace to .1. M. Maeonn, Bot. (k\?.. xvi. 2So. 
 
Coptis. RANUNCULACE.E. 41 
 
 style, thinnish, transversely veiny, S-O-seeded : seeds j^ranulate. — Bot. lU-ech. .116; Torr. 
 & Gray, Fl. i. 660; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 9; Maxim. 1. r. 641. — Shaded j^round, 
 from near San Francisco to riumas Co.,i first coll. by iJouijlan. ScpaLs Hometiinejj |iurple, 
 or roscato.- 
 
 I. Stipitatum, Gk.vy. Root of the preceding: slender stems only a span liij,'h : peduncles 
 not surpassing the leaves: leaflets or divi.sions ohlong-lincar or cuueate-lanceolate : sUnicnH 
 about 10: follicles 8 to 10, elongated-oblong, apiculate witii short style, hardly veiny, 
 abruptly short-stipitato, 3-4-seeded. — Proc. Am. Acad. xii. 1)4; Wats. B<.t. Calif.' ii. 427. 
 /. Clarkci, Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. vii. l.'il. — N. California, Siskiyou and Mendocino 
 Co., Grcuie^ J. 11. Clarke. 
 
 * * Klowera uniliellate-cymose: stems stonter, a foot or two high. 
 
 I. Hallii, Okay. Leaflets or divisions an inch or two long, obovate-cuneate, acutely incised : 
 stamens very numerous, fully as long as tiie obovate sepals, as broad as tlie roundish antlicr : 
 follicles 3-5, turgid-ovate, subulate witli sliort style, spreading at maturity, a-ts'-cdcd : 
 seeils ruguluse. — Proc Am. Acad. vfii. 374; Maxim. 1. c. ij40. — Valley of the Columbia, 
 Oregon, E. Hall, Branrlcgce. 
 
 13. COPTIS, Salisb. GoLD-TiiUEAD. (KoTTTw, to cut, from tin.' rtu foli- 
 age.) — Low and glabrous perennials (of tlie cooler parts of the northern homi- 
 sphere), acaitlescent : with creeping mostly filiform and yellow bitter rootstocks, 
 long-petioled ternately compound leaves, lasting over winter ; and naked one- 
 few-flowered scapes; the sepals white or greenish ; seed-coat smooth and .shining; 
 fl. spring. — Trans. Linn. Soc. viii. 30.5; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 37, t. 13.* Chi'i/za, 
 Raf. Med. Rep. hex. 2, v. 352, & in Desv. Jour. Bot. ii. 170 (1809). 
 
 § 1. Chryza, or True Coptis. Sepals oval : petals shorter than the stamens, 
 clavate, with enlarged and thickened hollowed and nectariferous summit : leaf- 
 lots 3, Tfirely 5, siibsps«i1p .inrJ midivided: scape 1-flowercd. — Gray, I.e. 38. 
 
 C. trifolia, Salisb. 1. c. (Goltj-turead.) A .span high: rootstocks very long and filiform, 
 deep yellow: leaflets 3, rounded obovate witli mostly cuneate base, obscurely S-lolicd and 
 consj)icuously crenate-dentate, teeth mucronate : sepals white with yellowish ba.se, 84»on 
 deciduous: follicles ovate-oblong, longer than the style, equalled by the stipe; seeds Idjuk. 
 — Fl. Dan. t 1.519; Lodd. Bot Cab. t. 173; Bigel. Med. Bot. i. 60," t .5; Kaf. Med. Bot i. 
 t 27; Gray,l. c. 38, t 13; Lloyd Bros. Am. Drugs & Med. i. 188, t 13. Il> II, bonis trifoliuit, 
 L. Spec. i. 558. C/iri/za boivalis, Raf. Med. Rep. hex. 2, v. 352.'' — Bogs ami low woods, New- 
 foundland and Labrador to mountains of Maryland, Iowa, and Minnesota, northwest through 
 Brit America to Alaska, and north to the Arctic Circle. (Greenland, En., N. Asia to 
 Kamtsch. & .Japan.) 
 
 § 2. CnRYSOCOPTis. _ Sepals linear or ligulate and attenuate, greenish or 
 yellowish white : petals filiform or ligulate beyond the nectariferous portion : 
 scape 2-3-flowered. — Gray, 1. c. 38. Chnjsocoptis § PterophyUnm, Nutt. 
 Jour. Acad. Phihvd. vii. 9, t. 1. 
 
 C. OCCidentalis, Torr. & Gray. Leaves simply trifoliolate : leaflets long-petiolulate. of 
 roun<lisli outline (2 or 3 inches long at maturity), 3-lobed about to the middle; lol»es obtn.se. 
 slightly 3-lobed or incised and obtusely dentate : petals shorter than sopals, and ap]>arently 
 subulate from a subsessile ovate and concave base (but not sufficiently known) : mature car 
 pels longer than the stipe; seeds oblong. — Fl. i. 28; Hook, Lond. .lour. Bot vi. f'7. Chn/so- 
 coptis occidf'Tifah's, Nutt 1. c. 8, with poor figure of flowers, these and scape undeveloj)ed. the 
 latter at length a» long ivs petioles. — Mountain woods, Idaho, Wyt^th, Gr>irr, f.ynll, Wntton. 
 
 1 Fresno Co., Calif., A. A. Entnn; and reported from Tulare Co., by T. S. Bmndepee, Zoo, iv. 19vS. 
 
 2 Tlie formal variety coloratum, Greene, Erytheji, i. 125, collectcl in tlie Santa Cruz MounUins, 
 Cash man. 
 
 3 Recent literature: E. ITutli in Enjjl. .J.iiirb. xvi. 299-305. 
 
 4 Add .svii. hop,,,inn trir„i;,nn, Hiiitoi.. Hull. Torr. Club, .vviii. 265. 
 
42 RANUNCULACE.E. Coptis. 
 
 C- laciniata, Gray. Leaves trifoliolate ; terminal leaflet very long- lateral comparatively 
 short-petiolulate; all ovate in outline, nearly 3-partcd, and divisions 3-7-cleft or incised and 
 dentate, mostly acute: sepals linear-attenuate (barely half line wide at b;>^e, 4 or 5 lines 
 long : petals nearly of the following species : mature carpels longer than stipe ; seeds oval. 
 — Bot. Gaz. xii. 297. C. uspleiii/olui, Gray, Froc. Am. Acad. viii. 375 (coll. Hall); Wats. 
 Bot. Calif, ii. 427; Lloyd Bros. 1. c. i. 196, f. 51-53.1 — Woods of Oregon, Hall, Ctisick, 
 Henderson, and of N.W. California, G. R. Vasey, Rattan. 
 
 C- aspleniifolia, Salisb. Leaves pinnately 5-foliolate ; leaflets aU rather long-petiolulate, 
 mostly ovati'-tihlnng in outline and ])iunately 5-parted or divid(!fl ; lowest pair of pinuiE com- 
 monly pctlohilate and upper coutlueut, all 3-5-cleft and incised (about half inch long) : 
 sepals and petals filiform-attenuate, nearly equal ; the latter with a thickened concave nec- 
 tary much below tlie mi(hlle : mature carpels shorter than the stipe. — Trans. Linn. Soc. 
 viii. 306; Pursh, Fl. ii. 391 ; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 23, t. 11. Chrjjsoroptis (Pterophijlhm) 
 asjileni folia, Xutt. 1. c. 9. — Woods, Brit. Colunil)ia and Alaska; first coll. by Menzies. 
 
 Var.* biternata, F- IIuth. Leaflets temate; lateral divisions sessile by a broad 
 base; the terminal petiolulate. — lluth in Engl. Jahrb. xvi. 304. — Ala.ska, Sitka, A>«H5e 
 Bros. A varietj' uot seen ; description translated from the original. 
 
 13 a. Eranthis hyemalis, Salisb. {Hellehorus hyemalis, L.), the Winter 
 Aconite of Europe, a very dwarf perGunial, has been found growing spon- 
 t.i'.icously near Philadelphia, a relict of former cultivation; fl. earliest spring. 
 
 13 b. Helleborvs viridis, L., Green Hellebore of Europe, has in 
 former years been found wild near Brooklyn and Jamaica, Long Island, but is 
 probably now extinct. More recently it has been sent from W. Virginia. It is a 
 low species, with palmately parted leaves having lanceolate very sharply serrate 
 divisions, and green sepals. 
 
 II. FcETiDcs, L., the Fetid Hellebore of Europe, taller, and green-flowered, is in Muhl. 
 Cat., as at Philadelphia, but only as of gardens. 
 
 H. nIger, L., the Christmas Rose, or Black Hellebore of Europe, — low, with ever- 
 green and shining coriaceous pedate leaves and large white flower produced on a short scape in 
 earliest spring, the sepals enlarging and turning green in age, — has been said to grow wild in 
 the State of New York, but it is not quite hardy, and can only temporarily occur. 
 
 14. AQ,UIL!fiGIA, Tourn. Columbine. {Aquilegiis, water-drawer. 
 The derivation from aquilq, eagle, is an invention.) — Perennial herbs (of the 
 northern hemisphere), commonly glaucous ; mostly with panicul ite branches ter- 
 minated by showy flowers, and 1-3-ternately compound leaves ; the leaflets 
 roundish and obtusely lobed; flowering usually in spring or early summer. — 
 Inst. 428, t. 242 ; L. Gen. no. 450.'^ — In cultivation the most diverse species 
 hybridize directly. Thus the plant figured as A. formosa, in Hook. f. Bot. 
 Mag. t. 6552, is a hybrid of a red-flowered species, probably A. tnincata, with 
 A. chrysantha. 
 
 * Old World type, with hooked or curved spurs ; these ascending, the flower being pendulous 
 in anthesis (position in A. ecalcarata, uncertain). 
 
 -»— More or less leafy-stemmed, 1 -several-flowered. 
 A. vrLoARis, L. (European Columbine.) Flowers from blue or purple to white, pretty 
 large : lamina of the petals as long as the spur, shorter than the acute sepals ; styles as 
 long as the ovary. — Spec. i. 533. — Escaped from cultivation (where often and variously 
 double-flowered) and established in some places, notably in Nova Scotia. (Nat. from Eu.) 
 
 1 Add syn. C. occidentnlis, var. Howellii, Huth, 1. c. 30.3. 
 
 '^ Recent literature : M. E. Jones, Rev. Am. Spec. Aquilegia, Zoe, iv. 254-260. 
 
Aquilegia. RANCNCULACEiE. 43 
 
 A.* brevistyla, llook.i A foot or morf V\]s}\, i)ul)Cscont an<l somewhat fjlainlnlar i)iil><-!><«iit 
 aliuve: flower small: lamina of yellowish jM-tal.s litllu shorter than the (h;ilf in.li) f.l.tnx- 
 sepals and longer tlian the blue spur: styles (2 lines long) nitii-h shorter than tin- furming 
 pubescerit-fullieles. — Fl. Uor.-Aiii. i. 2-t; Torr. & Gray, V\. i. 30. .1. vulijaris, Uieharda. 
 in Fraukl. 1st Jour. cd. 1, App. 740 (reprint, p. 12). — Uocky MountaiiiH of Brit. Anieriea, 
 Bourgeau, Mucoiin, northward to Bear Lake, where first colleeted hy /Jr. /iirhiirdium, and 
 southward accordiug to Kydherg to the Black Ilill.s of S. Dakota, L. Amlerxon. 
 
 A.* saximontana, P. A. Kydherg. Much lower, scareely a span high: stoniH Hlcndor, 
 several froiTi a scaly rootstock, quite glabrous: leaves smnll, twi<-<. t'-riiati , , v. :i t!je upper 
 slinder-petioled, smooth : flowers niueh as in the jirceeding, but carpels glabrous. — Kydlurg 
 iu ms. A. vulgaris, var. brevistyla. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. ser. 2, x.\.\iii. 242 ; Porter &, 
 Coulter, Fl. Col. 4. A. brevistyla, Coulter, Man. Rocky Mt. Keg. 10; Jones, Zee, iv. 258.— 
 Kocky Mountains of Colorado, first collected by Parry. 
 
 A . flavescens, Watson. A foot or two high, branching freely : flower lemon-yellow, green- 
 ish yellow, or ochroleucous, the sepals sometimes scarlet-tinted outside : lamina of the peUils 
 obovate, shorter than the oblong or ovate acute sepals, ecpialling or siiort<'r than the spur: 
 styles 3 to 6 lines long, much longer than the pubescent ovary, half the length of the full- 
 grown follicle. — Bot. King Exp. 10; Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. .ser. 3, iii. 149; Baker, Card. 
 Chron. 1878, pt. 2, 20. A. Canadensis, var. hyhrida, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 24. .1. Cana- 
 densis, var. aurea, Hegel, Gartenfl. xxi. t. 734. A. carnha, var. Jhivescens, I^iwson, Hcv. 
 Canad. Kanunc. 76. — Moist ground and along streams, in the mountains. Pembina to Brit. 
 Columbia, and south to Oregon and Utah.^ 
 
 A.* micrantha, A. Eastwood. Sleudcr, perennial (?). densely glandular-jiubescent and 
 viscid above: leaflets small, cuneate, 3-cleft, with 2-3-lobed segments; jx-tiolules of the 
 lateral leaflets short: flowers about 10 lines in diameter, ochroleucous: sepals ;"} lines long, 
 2 lines broad: petals truncate or nearly so, with a short straight or curved spur. — Proc. 
 Cal. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, iv. 559, t. 19. — Abundant in canons of the San Juan Kiver, S. E. 
 Utah, A. Wetherill. Description here condensed from the original characterization. A very 
 similar if not identical plant was collected in imperfect specimens in Southern Utah by 
 Sikr in 1883. 
 
 A* ecalcarata, A. Eastwood. A slender branched perennial, U to 2 feet high with 
 foliage and habit nearly as in the preceding: root long, woody: stem« several, sparinglv 
 glandular-puberulent above: leaflets obovate, cuneate, cleft as in the last; the laieral jis 
 well as the terminal on slender more or less elongated petiolules: flowers white or roseate, 
 fragrant : petals and sepals subsiiniiar, 6 to 8 lines long ; the ft)rmer merely s:ucate at base : 
 styles rather long. — Zoe, ii. 226, iv. 3, & Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, iv. 560, t. 18; Jones, 
 Zoe, iv. 259. — Shaded clilTs, S. W. Colorado, A. Wetherill, Miss Eastwood. As yet too 
 little known and appearing rather near the preceding, of which it may well prove a nearly 
 spurless form. 
 
 -t— •*-- Scape naked, one-flowered. 
 
 A. Jondsii, Fakuy, Densely crespitose, soft-pubescent: tufted Kulical leaves an inch or two 
 high ; leaflets only 2 or 3 lines long, much congested, the parti.al petioles very short : .scaj>e 
 little surpassing the leaves (2 or 3 inches long in fruit) : flower blue : lamina of petjils half 
 the length of the oblong obtuse sepals and of its own spur: follicles proportionally large 
 (almost an inch long), twice the length of their styles. — Am. Nat. viii. 211 ; Coulter, Man. 
 Rocky Mt. Reg. 10. — N.W. Wyoming, alpine region. Mount l^hlox, Parry; Maria Pa.ss in 
 Montana, at 8,200 feet, Canbyfi 
 
 * * American type, with spnr straight, or the callous knob at tip merely obliiiue. 
 
 1 The description of this .species has been modified to exclude the followinp. wliich .i]>iioiira wholly 
 distinct. 
 
 2 The alpine smaller-flowered form mentioned by Dr. Watson (Bot. Kinp Exp. 10) is n>fjnrdf.l as 
 distinct by Prof. M. E. Jones. It appears to iijjproach the following species ton closely to 1k! charac- 
 terized as a separate species without more copious uinterial of both. 
 
 8 Since collected on suhalpine limestones, E. Bowlder Hiver, Park Co., Montana, Tieefdy : see 
 Rose, Bot. Gaz. xv. 63. 
 
44 RANUNCULACEJS. Ar/ullegia. 
 
 -*- Flower pendulous in anthesis, the spurs therefore erect or ascending, and not over an 
 inch in lenj^th. Four species distinct in nature and habitat, viz. A. SIcinnen of Mexico 
 and th(> following. 
 A. Canadensis, I-^- Erect, early flowering, usually a foot high: flower red with some 
 vellow, rarely all yellow : spurs 3 or 4 times the length of their roundish yellow lamina, 
 and this not much shorter than the barely spreading sepals. — Spec. i. 533 ; Curtis, Bot. 
 Mag. t. 246; Schk. Handb. t. 146; Bart. Fl. N. A. i. 130, t. 36; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 888; 
 Gra>', Gen. HI. i. 40, t. 14; Sprague & Goodale, Wild Flowers, i. t. 1. A. rariegata, 
 Moen'ch, Meth. 311. A. elcgans, Salisb. Prodr. 374. A. favijiora, Tcnney, Am. Nat. i. 
 388, the yellow-flowered variation.i — On rocks, &c., Canada,, from lat. 56° to Manitoba, 
 south to Florida and to New Mexico, probably not west of the Kocky Mountain district; 
 fl. spring and early summer. 
 A. formosa, Fischer. More spreading : flower carmine-red or scarlet : spurs little or not 
 at all longer than the widely spreading sepals and only al)out twice the length of their 
 roundish and truncate yellow lamina. — Fischer in DC. Prodr. i. .50; Torr. .& Gray, Fl. i. 
 .30; Planch. Fl. Serres, viii. 125, t. 795 (not Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 6552); Lawson, Rev. 
 Ca'nad. Kauunc. 75. A. Canadensis, Bong. Veg. Sitch. 124 ; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 24, in 
 part. A. arctica. Loud. Hort. Brit. 610, &c. .1. Canadensis, var. formosa, Wats. Bot. King 
 Exp. 10, &c. — Ala.ska and Brit. Columbia to N. California, mountains of Nevada and S. W' . 
 Utah, extending northeastward only to Idaho. 
 A. truncata, Fisch. & Meter. With lax spreading branches, rather late-flowering : 
 'flower deep red or scarlet : spurs little longer than the widely spreading or reflexed sepals, 
 truncate at the yellow-margined orifice, the lamina being obsolete or very short. — Ind. 
 Sem. Hort. Petrop. ix. 1843, Suppl. 8 ; C. A. Meyer, Sert. Petrop. fol. & t. 11 ; Brew. & Wats. 
 Bot. Calif, i. 10. A. Canadensis, Benth. Vl. Jlartw. 296. A. Californica, Lindl. Gard. 
 Chron. 1854, 836, & 1857, 382; Grav, Proc. Am. Acad. vii. 328. A. eximia, Planch. Fl. 
 Serres, xii. 13, t. 1188; Morren, Belg. Hort. vii. t. 52.^ — Common throughout California, 
 probably in adjacent Nevada; fl. summer. 
 
 ^_ ^_ Flower (never red) erect or soon becoming so, the long attenuate spurs dependent 
 
 or at first horizontal : lamina of the petals somewhat ample, obovatc or spatnlate and 
 
 spreading. 
 
 A C^rulea, James. A foot or two high, rather early flowering: sepals ovate, an inch to 
 
 inch and a half long, blue, as also the spurs of M to 2 inches : lamina of the petals white.— 
 
 James in Long Exped. ii. 15 ; Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ii. 164 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 30 ; Hook. 
 
 Bot Mao'. t 5477. — Along streamlets, lower alpine region and below. Rocky Mountains, from 
 
 Montana to borders of New Mexico; first coll. by James. Apparently a smaller-flowered 
 
 form in S. Utah. Varies to paler, but westward seems always to be of the 
 
 Var. albiflora, Gk.vy, n. var. Whole flower white with merely bluish or purple tinge. 
 — A.le'ptocera, Nutt. Jour. Acad. Fhilad. vii. 9 ; A. le/itoceras, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4407. 
 A. macrantha. Hook. & Am. Bot. Beech, t. 72, in letter-press (317) ^1. cm-ulea. A. ramlea, 
 Wats Bot King Exp. 10. A. carulea, var. ochrolewa. Hook. Bot. Mag. under t. 5477.— 
 W^asatch and Uinta Mountains, Utah, to the eastern border of the Sierra Nevada, California, 
 north to Idaho and perhaps to Montana. 
 A Chrysantha, Gr.vy. Taller, more glaucous and floribnnd, summer-flowering: flower 
 yellow • sepals lanceolate-oblong, little longer and not broader than the lamina of the 
 petals: spurs 2. ^ or 3 inches long, dilated at and near the orifice. — Proc. Am. Acad. vui. 
 621 ; Masters, Gard. Chron. 1873, f. 304 ; Meehan, Native Flowers, i. t. 7, poor. A. leptocera, 
 var. Jiava, Gray, PI. Wright, ii. 9, & Bot. Mex. Bound. 30. .1. leptocera, var c/m/sa„tha, 
 Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 6073.— Wet places in ravines of moderate elevation. New Mexico, 
 Arizona, and S. Colorado; first coll. by Wright. 
 
 1 A. Canadensis, var. flaviflora, Britton, Bull. Torr. Club, xv. 97. Another form with salmon- 
 colored flowers and pale leaves, the var. Phipf^n'II, J. Robinson, Bull. Torr. Club, xv. 166, has been 
 found in the neighborhood of Salem, Mass. ^, . • . j- + 
 
 2 Add syn. A. formosa, var. truncata, M. E. Jones, 1. c. 259. Prof. Jones states that mtermediate 
 form-; " sepin to ociur" between A. truncata and A.Jormosa. 
 
Delphinium. UANUNCULACK.E. 45 
 
 A.* pubescens, Coville. a ueaily related plant with very (w>aly candex : flowirs 
 suli)Iiur-yt'llow, raroly with jiiuk tinge: spurs sliorler, 14 t.^ 20 lines Ljug; the short ronn-led 
 blades of the petals scarcely over a third the lenjjth of lancc-ohloiig sepals. — Coutrili. 1'. S. 
 Nat Herb. iv. 56, t. 1.— High siernus of 'lularo Co., Calif., near Mineral King. 10.5(K) feet, 
 in granite sand,./. W. A. Wrnflil, 27 .July, 1880; and on mountain si.lo north .^f White 
 Chief Mine, F. V. CuvHlc, 6 August, 1891. Kegardcd by Dr. ilrdv as a dubioua form of 
 tlie preceding. 
 
 A. longissima, Ukav. I'uberulent or glabrous, jiutumn-flowering : flowers jiale yellow: 
 sepals huiccidate, litilo surpassing the narrowly spalulate jxitals : filiform spurs 4 to 6 inches 
 h)ng, harilly enlarging up to the narrow orilice. — Gray in Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 
 .•517, & Hot. Gaz. viii. 2<J5 ; Wats. Card. & For. i. 31, f. 6.— Kaviues of ChisoH MouiiUius 
 S. W. Texas, Ilavurd. (Adj. Mex., Palmer.) 
 
 15. DELPHINIUM, Tourn. Lauksi-uu. {Ddphiuus, dolphin, from 
 the shape of the Ho war.) — Aii'iual or pereiiuial herbs (of northern temperate 
 regions) ; with palmately cleft oi divided leaves, and racemose or pauiculatr- 
 liowers, commonly showy. — Inst. 42G, t. 241 ; L, Gen. no. 44'J ; Gray, Gen. 111. 
 i. 41, t. If).^ 
 
 § 1. CoNSOLiDA, DC. Carpel and foUicle only one : petals (in ours only 2) 
 united into one body : Old World annuals, or rarely more enduring, low ; with 
 leaves dissected into narrow linear or filiform divisions : flowers blue or violet, 
 varying to purple and white. — Syst. i. 341. 
 
 D. Coss6lii)A, L. Loosely paniculate in inflorescence : slender spur horizontal : follicle gla- 
 brous : seeds with interrupted transverse ridges. — Spec. i. 530; Reicheub. Ic. V\. Germ. iv. 
 t. 66. —Old grain-fields, &c.,rare, Virginia, &c. (Nat. from Eu.) 
 D. A.jAcis, L. Flowers more numerous and si)icatcly racemose: follicle jjubo.sceut; seeds 
 with rugosely broken ridges. — Spec. i. 531 ; Keichcub. 1. c. t. 67. — Escaped from gardens 
 in Canada and Atlantic and i\Iiddle States, in certain places. D. on'entali-, Gay, a common 
 garden Larkspur with more shovy (violet-colored) flowers in a denser raceme, is thought to 
 be the original D. Ajacis, L. ; according to Lawsou, Rev. Canad. Rauunc. 80, it has been 
 collected in the far interior of Canada, probably from a cultivated plant (Nat. from Kii.) 
 
 § 2. Dkhmiinastkum, DC. 1. c. 351. Carpels 3 to 5 : flowers never scarlet or 
 orange : petals 4, distinct ; upper pair usually glabrous, extending backward into 
 spurs ; lateral ones unguiculate, more or less hairy on the face, in ours emarginate 
 or 2-lobed at apex: follicles in ours almost always 3: perennials. In several 
 species, such as D.tricorne, the caulicle does not lengthen in germination, but the 
 connate petioles of the cotyledons do so, and the plumule comes out from the 
 base of the false stemlet which is thus formed. 
 
 * Seeds with a clo-^e smooth coat, dark-colored : stoni few-leaved, from a fascicu'i.ite-tubcr- 
 ous root : Atlantic species. 
 
 D.tricorne, Micux. Low, succulent : leaves deeply .and somewhat pedately ."vpartcd and 
 divisions cleft and laciuiate into a few narrow hjbes . raceme loose, few-many -flowered : 
 flowers bright blue, or variegated with white (not rarely white) : spur .isceuding, half or 
 three fourths inch long : follicles 3, half inch to inch long, strongly diverging at maturitv. — 
 ¥\. i. 314 (excl. habitat "highest mountains of Carolina ") ; Lodd. Hot. Cab. t. .'106 ; I)eles.H. 
 Ic. Sel. i t. 59; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. .il ; Oay, Gen. 111. i. 41, t. 15; Lindl. Veg. Kingd. 
 426, f. 297. DelphiiUuvi flejcunmm, Raf. Ann. Nat. i. 12. — .Moist fertile stiil, reiinsylvaiiia to 
 Minnesota, south to Virginia, W. Georgia, and Arkansas; fl. spring. 
 
 1 Recent important liter.ature: Gray, liot. Gaz. xii. 49-54; Hutli, Delphinium- Arten N. A., Bull. 
 Herb. Boiss. i. 327-336, & in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 322-49^. 
 
46 RAISUNCULACE^. Delphinium. 
 
 * * Seeds with a cellular more or less loose and rngiilose coat : stem scapiform, with only 
 a cluster of radical and thickish or succuleut leaves, from thickish branching roots, merely 
 
 puberulcut or glabrate, blue-flowered. 
 D scaposum, Gkeene. Leaves of rouuded or reniform outline and mostly oblong or sub 
 cuneate divisio'ns and lobes : scape a foot or two high ; raceme scveral-mauy-flowered : sepals 
 oblong, fully half inch long and shorter than the more or less curved spur : follicles oval, 
 erect" immature seeds with rugose and rugulose arilliform coat. — Bot. Gaz. vi. 156.1 — 
 Dry region of S. W. Utah, Palmer, and Arizona, Newberry, Palmer, Greene, Pringle, Rusby, 
 Lemmon.^ In Arizona is found iu company with U. azureum. 
 D.* uliginosum, Clkran. Leaves so far as known all cuueate and 3-cleft, with lobes entire 
 or l-.3-touthi<l : scape commonly branching; racemes few(6-18)-flowcrcd : .sev,:ils oval, a 
 third to hiilf inch long, about equalling the straight sjmr : follicles turgid-oblong, erect, 
 nearly half inch long; seeds with coat loose only at the angles, minutely rugulosc nud 
 muriculate.3 — BuU. Calif. Acad. Sci. i. 15 1.'* — Lake Co., California, "in swampy ground, 
 almost in the water," July, 1884, Mrs. Curran. 
 ^ ^ ^ Seeds with a loose cellular coat, which becomes transversely rngose-squamellate : 
 
 root branching or fasciculate and elongated, thickish, but not tuberous : stem leafy, or 
 
 when depauperate rarely subscapose : flowers from blue to white. 
 D. aziireum Michx. Stem a foot or two high, mostly strict and simple, puberulent: 
 'loa\ es .3-5-parte(l and divisions mostly again 3-5-parted or cleft usually into linear lobes : 
 raceme sj)iciform, usually many-flowered : flowers azure-blue or paler and often white, 
 sometimes greenish white: sepals often with a brownish spot: foUicles oblong, erect. — Fl. 
 i. 314; Deless. Ic. Sel. i. t. 60; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 32, probably not LlndL Bot. Reg. t. 
 1999, from "California." ?£>. Caroliniannm, Walt. Cut. 155. D. vire.icens, Nutt. Gen. ii. 
 14; Torr. & Gray, 1. c.^ — Sandy or stony soil, N. Carolina and Illinois to Texas and 
 Arizona, north to Saskatchewan and Wyoming; fl. early summer. (Adj. Mex.) 
 
 Var.' vimineum, Gray. Broader-leaved, looser-flowered : stem 2 to 4 feet high, 
 sometiiiies branched : flowers violet to whitish. — Bot. Gaz. xii. 52. D. vimineum, Don in 
 Sweer, Brit. Fl. Card. ser. 2, t. 374; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3593 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. D. azu- 
 reum, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1999, as to f. 2, possibly of the rest. D. virescens. Gray, PI. 
 Lindh. ii. 142. — Texas, Berlandier, Drummond, Lindheimer, Wright, the last D. simplex. 
 Gray, PI. Wright, ii. 8. 
 ^ ^ ^ ^ Seeds with a loose cellular coat, either arilliform or when dry merely scarious- 
 
 winged or margined at the angles, not at all squamelliferous : flowers blue or violet-purple, 
 
 often partly or wholly varying to white, at least the petals. All except the first western 
 
 species. 
 4- Roots fasciculate (or rarely simple) at base of stem, more or less elongated and thickish 
 
 but not tuberiform, or approaching it only in the last species. 
 ++ Stem strict, tall or robust, many-leaved : racemes many-flowered, simple or paniculate . 
 
 pedicels seldom longer than flower or fruit, ascending or erect : follicles hardly if at all 
 
 diverging, not over half inch long and mostly short-oblong. 
 D. exaltatum, Ait. Stem 3 to 7 feet high : leaves nearly glabrous, 3-5-parted or almost 
 so ; the divergent divisions cuneate or cuueate-lanceolate, 3-cleft or lateral ones 2-cleft into 
 lanceolate lobes: raceme elongated, virgate, at base commonly panicled : flowers blue 
 
 1 Add syn. D. decorum, var. scaposum, Huth, Delph.-Art. N. A. 9. 
 
 2 Also reported from S. Colorado, by Miss Eastwood, Zee, ii. 227. 
 
 3 De-icription moditied in the light of excellent specimens collected near the type locality by Jilr. 
 J. W. Blankinship. 
 
 4 Add syn. D. decorum, var. uliginosum, Huth, 1. c. 
 
 6 Add syn. D. Penhardi, Huth, Helio.s, x. 27, Delph.-Art. N. A. 10, & Bull, Herb. Boiss. i. 335, 
 1. 16, f. 2 (a form with white flowers and ascending somewhat curved spurs); also D. camporum, 
 Greene, Erj'thea, ii. 183 (a very similar form with spurs erect). As striking as these fomis may hv, 
 they do not ap])ear (in a considerable series of specimens) to be distinguished from D. azureum by any 
 constant cliaracter. The flowers vary through all shades from blue to white, and the position of the 
 spnr both in the pale ])lne and white flowered forms varies from horizontal to erect through every 
 degree of obliquity. D. Geyeri, Greene, 1. c 189, is apparently a form of the same species. 
 
Delphinium. KANUNCULAlE.I:. 47 
 
 (varying to white), small, externally as also the iufluroscence canescently pnlKTuU-nt — 
 Kew. ii. 244; DC. Syst. i. 357 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 31, excl. nyn. iu part ; Gray, I'l. Wright, 
 ii. 9. D. Carolinianum, Walt. Car. 1.55. D. Iridacti/lum, Miclix. Fl. i. 314. {D. urcitJaliim, 
 .Jacq. Ic. Har. t. 101, & .Siin.s, Jiot. Mag. t. 1791, of unknown sonne, iw probably not of thii* 
 ,>ipo( ics ?) — r.oriKr of woods, mountains of Alabama and Carolina to Ki-ntucky, Ohio and 
 Minnesota; II. late .■summer. 
 
 D. Californicum, Tork. & Ckvy. Stem stout, 2 to 8 feet high : leaves of rounded and 
 somewhat reuiforni outline; lower ample (4 to 7 inches in diameter), lieeply cleft into broad 
 cunoatc and laciniate divisions ; ujijicr with narrower tiivisions and hmceolate lolies : raceme 
 dense, flowers sordid whitish witli lingos of blue, e.xteriially villous : sepals and horizonl^il 
 spur each about four lines long. — Fl. i. 31 ; Benth. I'l. llartw. '2'.iCy; Hrew. & Wats. But. 
 Calif, i. 11. D. exuluuum. Hook. & Arn. Hot. Beech. 317, not Ait.^ — Caiilurnia, on ilrv 
 hills from Monterey to Mendocino Co. ; first coll. by lJoU(/liis. 
 
 D. SCOpulorum, Gray. Glabrous below or throughout : stem 2 to 6 feet (or iti sub::I|.ii.. 
 forms a tV»ot) liigli : leaves mostly of orbicular outline and 2 or 3 inches in diameter, 5-7-parl<3ii, 
 the lower into cuneate and upper into narrower cleft and laciniate divisions; petioles exct-jit 
 lowest hardly dilated at base : bracts and bractlets mainly filiform : flowers blue or pur]di.sh, 
 rarely white, glabrous or cauescent-puberulent outside : sei)als and spur each about half 
 inch long: follicles veiny. — Polymorphous species or group, analogue of the eipially 
 polymorphous or complex D. elatiim, L., and D. hi/bitdiim, Willd., of the old World (which 
 have seed-coat transversely rugulose or lamellose) ; the typical or fir.-^t jiublished form a foot 
 to a yard high, with upper or even all the leaves dissected into linear or lanceolate segments 
 and lobes ; inflorescence often panicled below, the axis, pedicels, and even the whole nj)per 
 part of the stem minutely cinereous-puberulent, varying to glabroius : lower petals deeply 
 notched, and with the whitish upper ones little shorter than the oblong sepals : ovaries and 
 fidlides commonly miimtely pubescent. — PI. Wright, ii. 9, & Am. Jour. Sci. ser. 2, xxxiii. 
 242. D. exaltutiDii, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 25, at least in part. D. azureiim. Gray, PI. Fen<ll. 
 5, as to no. 10."^ — Moist ground, mountains of New Mexico and Arizona through the K(x-ky 
 Mountains and those of Utah and Nevada to the plains of the Saskatchewan. Piisses 
 freely into 
 
 Var. stach^deum, Gray. A form with narrow divisions to the leaves, strict stem 
 (3 to 7 feet high) cinercou.s-puberulent throughout, a.s also the long and dense spiciform 
 raceme and the outside of the calyx. — Bot. Gaz. xii. 52. — Interior of Oregon (foot of the 
 Blue Mountains, &c., Cusick) to New Mexico and Arizona, Pringlc, &c. 
 
 Var. glaucuin, Gray-, 1. c. Like the broader-leaved forms, sometimes glaucous, even 
 the pedicels glabrous or only obscurely glandular-puberulent : lower petals commonly cleft 
 to the middle: ovaries and follicles glabrous. =^ Z>. (ihucum, Wats. Bot Calif, ii. 427 
 (D. scopulorum, Brew. & Wats. ibid. i. 11).='— Sierra Nevada, California, at alxmt 6,000 
 feet, Breicer, Lemmnii ; also apparently same in San Bernardino Mountains at 10,000 feet, 
 W. G. \Vri<jlU; Yakima Co., Wasliiugtou, Brandcrjep ; and north to the Yukon Kiver, 
 Kcnnlcott. ^ 
 
 Var. SUbalpinum, Gray, l. c. A foot to a yard or more high, with shorter r.ioeme 
 of larger and deeper-colored flowers: inflorescence and commonly whole upper part of the 
 stem ]mliesccnt or villous with sjjreading slightly viscid liaii-s: jietals well surpassed by the 
 over half inch long acute .sepals, the lower moderately notched at apex ; follicles glabrous: 
 leaves with mostly broad divisions and lolies. — D. elatnm, Gray, Am. J<mr. Sci., ser. 2. xxxiii. 
 242, not L., &c. D. occidentale, Wats. Bot. Calif, ii. 428.< — Mountains of Colorado and New 
 Mexico, at 9,000-1 1,000 feet, first coll. by Parri/. The analogtic of V. alpiniiin, W!Uds.& Kit. 
 By less pubescent f(U-ms, of lower elevation and ronipound racemes (D. > latum, var.? occi- 
 dentale, Wats. Bot. King Exp. 11), of Wasatch M..unl;iitis, Utah to Oregon, Xeviits, Cusick, 
 Ilenderson, connects with the preceding forms. 
 
 1 Add sjTi. D.exahatnm, var. OiU/oinlruin, Huth, I>. :|mi. v . '' 
 
 2 Atld syn. Z). exnllnluvi, v.'ir. scopulorum, Uuth, 1. c. 12. 
 8 Add syn. D. exallalum, var. f/laurum, Hutli, 1. c. 11. 
 
 4 n. Barbeyi, Iluth (Bull. Herb. Boi.ss. i.535, D. exalWnm. x .r. /.ro..-/;. uiiii, w.ii n.-Art. 
 N. A. 11) is one of several forms which Dr. Gray included iu his vur. suh.itpinum. 
 
48 RANUNCULACEiE. Delphinium. 
 
 ++ ++ Stems lax (either low or tall), bearing a loosely flowered raceme of comparatively 
 
 large and not very mimerons bright violet blue (rarely purple) flowers : ])edicels sjireading 
 
 or ascending, mostly decidotlly longer than the fruit: follicles when well formed elou- 
 
 gated-cyliudraceous and two thirds to nearly a full inch long, often jiartly divergent at 
 
 maturity : herbage glabrous or nearly so. 
 
 D. trolliifolium, Gray. Stems often reclining, 2 to 6 feet high, rather leafy : leaves 
 
 thinnish, orbicular or reniform in outline (larger ones 4 to G inches wide), 5-7-parted or 
 
 deeply cleft into cuneate divisions ; these 3-clef t and laciuiatc-lobod ; lobes acute, lanceolate 
 
 to almost linear: raceme in larger plants a foot or two long and very loose: diverging 
 
 pedicels commonly 2 inches long : sepals and spur usually three fourths inch long, upper 
 
 ones much surpassing the white upper petals: follicles (even ovaries) glabrous, mostly 
 
 recurving in age. — Proc Am. Acad. viii. 37.5; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 11 ; Wats. Bibl. 
 
 Index, 14, excl. syn., & Bot. Calif, ii. 428.1 — Lower moist and partly wooded grounds, 
 
 Columljia River below the Dalles, first coll. by E. Hall, then Howell, &c. ; Humboldt Co., 
 
 California, Rattan; there called Cow Poison. 
 
 D. bicolor, Xdtt. A span (when alpine) to a foot high, from fascicled and mostly deep- 
 descending roots, erect, rather stout : leaves thickish, .seldom over an inch or two in diameter, 
 radical orbicular in outline, all deeply parted and divisions cleft or up])er simply parted ; the 
 segments mostly linear and obtuse : raceme few-several-flowered : lower pedicels inch or two 
 long, ascending : sepals and sjjur half to three fourths inch long : upper petals pale yellow 
 or white and co])iously blue-veined : follicles glabrous or when young puberulent, sometimes 
 {[uitc erect, commonly recurving above. — Jour. Acad. Philad. vii. 10; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 
 i. 33 ; Gray, Bot. Gaz. xii. .'52. D. Menziesii, Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 57, not DC. 
 D. Menziesii, var. Utahense, Wats. Bot. King Exp. 12. — Dry ground, mountains of Colorado 
 and E. Utah, north to Brit. America, west to E. Oregon and Washington ; perhaps to 
 arctic Alaska. 
 
 ++++++ Stem strictly erect, a foot or two high, and bearing a virgate or narrow raceme : 
 ^pedicels ascending, even the lowest rarely over an inch long (except when converted into 
 lieaf-bearing branch), and upper ones not longer than the spur : follicles oblong or oval, 
 not over about half inch long, not recurving in age : Califoruian species or nearly so. 
 = Fascicled roots elongated and not at all tuberiform. 
 
 D. Andersonii, Gkat. Robust, very glabrous, a foot or two high : leaves thickish, of 
 rounded outline (only an inch or two in diameter) and cuneate divisions; the lobes short, 
 oblong or narrower, mainly obtuse: raceme commonly dense, a span or two long: sepals 
 oblong, deep blue, half inch long, a little surpassing the petals and shorter than the spur. — 
 Bot. Gaz. xii. 52. /). Menziesii, Wats. Bot. King Exp. 1 1, as to W. Nevada plant. D. decorum, 
 var. Nevaclcn.se, Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 11, mainly. — Mountains of W. Nevada and 
 adjacent portion of the Sierra Nevada in California, Anderson, Watson, Stretch, Lemmon, &c. 
 Most resembles the last preceding species. 
 
 D. Parryi, Gray, I.e. Minutelypuberulent or glabrous: stem 1 to 3 feet high from a rather 
 slender simple or very few-fa.scicled root, sparsely leaved : leaves thinnish, 3-5-parted ; the 
 divisions ami few lobes linear or liardly brcjader, mostly obtuse : raceme virgate, a span to a 
 foot long, at lengtli rather loose : sepals oval or broadly oblong, deep blue, over half inch 
 long, much surpassing the petals, fully the length of the spur. — S. California, in San Ber- 
 nardino Co., Parry (1850), Parry & Lemmon (1876), Parish. Apparently same near Santa 
 Barbara, Brewer, and San Clemente Island, Nevin & Lyon.'^ 
 
 D. Parishii, Gray, 1. c. Minutely puberulent, several-stemmed from a simple or fasciculate 
 deep root, a foot or two high, rather rigid, sparingly leaved : leaves all with rather few 
 linear divisions and lobes, mo.stly small : sepals oblong, bine, only 3 or 4 lines long, hardly 
 surpassing the petals, shorter tlian the spur. — S. E. California, at Agua Calieute in the 
 Colorado Desert, Parish. (Adj. Lower Calif, to All Saints Bay, Orcutt.) 
 = = Roots (perhaps only biennial ?) mostly short and numerous in a close fascicle, some 
 of them commonly fusiform-thickened but not really tuberiform nor grumous : herbage 
 
 1 Add syn. D. exaltatum, var. trolliifolium., Huth, 1. c. 
 
 2 Also reported by Biaudegee from Santa Ciuz and Santa Rosa Island.s. 
 
Delphinium. K A NUNC U L AC K.E. 
 
 usually puberulent, or below hirsute-iiubesceut: leaves not large, only an incli or two in 
 
 diameter, well dissected into linear or little broader and obtuse or niuirouulatc 1..Ik.-b or 
 
 divisions. 
 D. hesperium, CnAv, 1. c. Commonly 2 feet bij^li : raceme virKato. a span to at Unptb oven 
 a foot long, usually many-flowered : pe'dicels erect in fruit, lowest not over au inch and upper 
 only 2 to 4 lines long: flowers violet-blue or paler, or often white, sometimes reiidish purple: 
 sepals 4 or 5 lines long, oval, about eiiualled by the jjetals and by the spnr: follicles sliort- 
 olilong, puberulent, half inch or less long. — Z). Menziisit, var. ochrulencum, &c., Torr. & 
 Gray, Fl. i. 31. D. aznreum, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 6G0, as to Calif, and Oregon pi. /J. a:n- 
 reum & D. simjiler, Hook. & Aru. Bot. Beech. 317 ; Benth I'l. llartw. 295, 296. D. ahiiples. 
 Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 10. — Dry ground, plains of W. Oregon to Monterey and Mari- 
 posa Co., California; common. Var.* HInseni, Greene (Fl. Francis. 304), from Amador 
 Co., Calif., is described as a moro slender form with smaller pale flowers. 
 D. variegatum, Torr. & Gray. A foot or two high, usually hir8Ute-pul»e8cent below, 
 bearing a raceme of several (rarely over 10) large flowers : sepals ainitlc, deep violet-blue 
 varying to purple, rose-color or white, roundi.sh-obovate or oval or in age oval-oblong, two 
 thirds to three fourtlis inch long, fully as long as tiio spur: upper or all the petals wliite: 
 follicles half inch long, tnrgid-oval, puberulent. — Fl. i. 32 ; Brew. &, Wats.- 1. c. // qmnili- 
 Jloriim, var. variegatum. Hook. & Arn. 1. c. D. decorum, Benth. PI. Ilartw. 295, not Fisch. 
 & Meyer.i — W. California, along streams, &c., common from Monterey northward to 
 Butte Co. ; early coll. i)y Douglas and by T. Coulter. The most showy species. Var.* 
 apiculAtdsi, Greene (Fl. Francis. 304, D. apiculalum, Greene, Pittonia, i. 285), of tlm 
 interior of California near the San Joaquin, is from character a form h;ning smaller more 
 numerous flowers and somewhat broader leaf-segments. 
 +- -J— Roots grumous or fjiscicnlate-tuborous, i. e. thickening into globular or oblong or often 
 
 palmate tubercles (of annual or biennial duration), bearing only fibrous rootlets: flowers 
 
 mostly blue or violet. 
 ++ Raceme spiciform and virgate, mostly many-flowered : pedicels shorter than the spur, 
 
 erect or even appressed both in flower and fruit : stem strict, mostly several-leaved, simple, 
 
 or the larger plants bearing one or more smaller lateral racemes. 
 D- simplex, Dougl. Tall, about a yard high, pubescent throughout with short and soft 
 spreading almost velvety down : leaves all dissected into linear divisions and lobes ; caly.x 
 j)ubescent externally: root and fruit not seen (referred here from likeness to the following). 
 — Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 25 ; Gray, 1. c. ; hardly of any others.^— - W. Idaho ; sut>- 
 alpine range west of the Rocky Mountains, near the Columbia, Douglas, Clearwater River, 
 Spalding ; also probably Union Co., E. Oregon, Cusick, with glabrate leaves. 
 D. distichum, Gever. a foot or two and rarely a yard high, glaucesccnt, glabrous or 
 inflorescence puberulent, rather rigid : leaves thickish ; radical and lowest cauline of rounded 
 outline and with cuneate or sometimes narrow divisions and lobes; npj)er short-pet ioled, 
 erect, and with approximate or little spreading linear divisions and lobes: flowers usuallv 
 approximate in tiie very spiciform raceme, then conspicuously distidions: sejtals at first 
 canescent-puberulent externally, a third to nearly half inch long, or in one form smaller and 
 much less colored : follicles seldom over half inch long, erect. — Geyer in Hook. Lond. Jour. 
 Bot. vi. 68; Gray, 1. c. D. simplex, y^t. distichiflorum, Hook. 1. c. 67. D. simplir, partly, 
 of various authors. D. azureum, Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 217. — Low prairies, &r.. K. 
 ( )regon and Washington to Montana ? Geyer, and various later collectors, apparently wide- 
 spread. 
 ++ ++ Raceme loose, few-several-flowered or sometimes rather many-flowered : pedicels in 
 
 flower and fruit ascending or spreading, at least the lower ones longer than the spurs: 
 
 stetn erect or ascending, only a foot or two high, naked and usually .ittenuate at ba<e, 
 
 where it at length readily separates directly from the grnmose root-niiu^s. 
 = Follicles at maturity half to three fourths inch lont'. ■■'•'"""^''"■l'-'' ■•""^ ""1 ••diii..>t 
 
 always widely recurving: pedicels mostly long and \:\ 
 
 1 D.ornntum, Greene (Fl. Francis. 304, D. Blockmana, Grciiif, Kiyth a, i. Ji;) wi- rt.'.i.lol ly 
 Dr. Gray a.s a form of D. variegatum. 
 
 2 Add syn. D. azureum., var. nimphr, Hutli, 1. c. • * 
 
 4 
 
50 RANUNCULACE.E. Delphinium: 
 
 D- Menziesii, DC. Commonly pubescent or pubernlent : stem often flcxuous (a foot or 
 two or when depauperate a span or two high) : leaves all 3-5-parted and divisions maiulv 
 cleft into linear or lanceolate lobes: se])als or some of them loosely jiuliesccnt outside, lialf 
 to two thirds inch long ; slender spur of equal length : follicles pubescent or glabrate or 
 occasionally glabrous : lower pedicels in fruit often 2 inches long. — Syst. i. 355 ; Lindl. Bot. 
 Keg. t. 1192; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 25; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 661, excl. syn. D. paucifloruin} 
 
 — On hills, &c., Brit. Columbia (and perhaps Alaska) south to N. E. California, east to 
 Idaho; early flowering; first coll. by Menzies. A low form, apparently of this species, 
 Flunias Co., California, ^Jl■s. Austin. 
 
 = = Follicles at maturity half inch or less in length and oblong, erect, or merely with 
 spreading tips. 
 
 D. decorum, Fisch. & Meyer. Very glabrous or pedicels barely puberulent, bright 
 green : stem lax, 6 to 20 inches high, few-leaved : radical and lower canlinc leaves of dilated- 
 reniform or orbicular outline and deeply .3-5-lobed or parted ; the divisions from round- 
 obovate (and even an inch wide) to cuneate, sometimes entire or slightly 2-3-lobed, some- 
 times narrower and 2-3-cleft ; upper leaves small, mostly pedately 3-5-parted into narrow 
 lobes : raceme sparsely 5-20-flowered, often paniculate ; pedicels slender, spreading, usually 
 an inch or two long: sepals oval, half inch or more long, equalled by the thickish .spur : 
 follicles thickish, oblong. — Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1837, 33 (large-flowered form); Torr. 
 & Gray, Fl. i. 661 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. II, in part; Gray, 1. c. — California, from 
 Kapa and Bodega to Los x\ngeles and San Bernardino Mountains ; early flowering. The 
 type rather large-flowered ; varying to smaller flowers and to 
 
 Var. patens, Gray, 1 c. 54. Sometimes obscurely and sparsely pubescent : stem erect; 
 raceme commonly more compact ; pedicels ascending in fruit, rarely over an inch long : 
 flowers smaller, the sepals a third to half inch long. — D. patens, Benth. PI. Hartw. 296.'^ 
 
 — From Siskiyou Co., to the mountains of S. California. 
 
 D. pauciflorum, Nutt. Glabrous or barely puberulent : stems slender, a span to a foot 
 high from a fasciculate-tuberous root (the tubercles from oblong to fusiform) ; leaves small, 
 all pedately parted into narrowly linear divisions of an inch or less in length : raceme 3-15- 
 flowered ; pedicels about the length of the flowers : sepals quarter to third inch long, oblong, 
 little surpassing the petals, much shorter than the slender spur : follicles so far as known 
 oval-oblong, about 4 lines long. — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 33; Gray, 1. c. D. NuttalU- 
 aniim, Pritzel in Walp. Rep. ii. 744, but the homonym of Don is not in the way of Nuttall's 
 name.'' — Rocky Mountains from Wyoming to W. Colorado, and west to Idaho and eastern 
 borders of Wa.-*hington and California. 
 
 Var. depauperatum. Gray, 1. c. Slender stems only 1-3-leaved and 1-7-flowered ; 
 pedicels more erect: radical and lower cauline leaves flabelliform or reniform and with 
 obovate to lanceolate lobes, not unlike those of D. decorum, var. patens, of which it may be a 
 form with reduced sepals and slender spur. — D. depauperatum, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 
 33; Wats. Bot. King Exp. 12.* — Mountains of E. Oregon and W. Nevada, Nuttall, Beck- 
 tcith, Watson, scanty specimens, perhaps referable to 
 
 Var. Nevadense, Gray, u. var. Less slender, 8 to 15 inches high: leaves well dis- 
 sected into linear or spatulate-linear lobes : raceme 7-20-flowered : pedicels spreading, the 
 lower about an inch long : flowers sometimes pink-purplish : sepals a third to almost half 
 inch long, all shorter than the spur: follicles short-oblong. — D. decorum, v&r. Nevadense, 
 Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 11. — Sierra Nevada, California, above Cisco, Bolander, Plumas Co., 
 Mrs. Austin, and adjacent Nevada, Lewmon. 
 
 D' Nuttdllii, Gray, 1. c. Glabrous or nearly so : stem strict and simple, commonly 2 feet 
 high, leafy usually up to the rather strict or virgate and 1 0-20-flowered raceme : leaves thin- 
 nish, mostly 5-parted and divisions cleft into lanceolate lobes : pedicels .ascending, half inch 
 to inch long: flowers deep indigo-blue, usually even to the petals; sepals 4 lines and slender 
 
 1 Add syn. ?Z>. pauperculum, Greene (Pittonia, i. 284), which, notwithstanding its later flowering, 
 may from character well be of this species. Add also syn. D. tricorne, var. Menziesii, Hutli, 1. c. 13. 
 
 2 Add syn. D. tricorne, van patens, Huth, 1. c. 
 
 8 Add s\Ti. D. Menziesii, va.r. pauciflorum, Huth in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 415. 
 •* Add syn. D. tricorne, var. depauperatum, Huth, Delph.-Art. N. A. 13. 
 
Delphinium. RANUNCULACE.i:. f, | 
 
 spur fully half inch long : follicles oblong, (iiiarter to half inch in length, erect. — D. glmpler, 
 
 Nutt. in herb., not Dougl.i — Low ground, along streams and in open vfixnU, on and neiir 
 
 Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, Nuttall, Jloirell, Ileudnson, Suksdorf; fl. guni- 
 
 mer. There is apparently a variety with calyx and lower petals white.* 
 
 § 3. PHCENicoDicLPnis, Gray, 1. c. 49. Like § 2, but scarlet- and yellow-rtow- 
 
 ered, the calyx mostly bright scarlet and petals wholly or partly yellow : C'ali- 
 
 fornian perennials, glabrous or nearly so; with branching roots not tuberous, 
 
 and showy flowers loosely racemose. (Germination in the first species with 
 
 connate petioles elongating and plumule hypogaeous, emerging from base; in the 
 
 second species said to be normal.) 
 
 D. nudicaule, Torr. & Gray. Stem a foot or two high, naked or very few-leaved: 
 leaves somewhat succulent, 1 to 3 inches in diameter, deeply .^-.'i-cleft or barelv parted into 
 obovate or cuneate divisions, these with sliort ol)tu.><o lobes- racemes verv lo<jse ami open; 
 pedicels 2 to 4 inches long: spur half to two thirds inch Imig, usually considerably longer 
 than the sepals : follicles elongated-oblong, above spreading at maturity, at lirst pulierulcnt. 
 — Fl. i. 33, 661; Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 5819; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 12, with var. 
 elAtius, a taller form. D. sarcophi/llum, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 317.8 — Banks of rivu- 
 lets in the mountains, from Bay of .San Francisco •* to near the borders of Oregon ; first coll. 
 by Douglas. 
 
 D. cardinale, Hook. Stem a yard high, more branching and with elongated many-flowered 
 raceme : leaves larger, mostly deeply parted into narrow divisions, with long and linear or 
 lanceolate lobes : pedicels an inch or two long: flowers usually larger than in the preceding, 
 deeper red (rarely yellow) : ovaries and oblong follicles glabrous. — Bot. Mag. t. 4887 ; Torr. 
 Bot. Mex. Bound. 30, t. 2; Kegel, Gartenfl. vi. t. 208; F\. Serre.s, .\i. 63, t. 11 0.5; Brew. & 
 Wats. 1. c. D. roccineum, Torr. Pacif. K. Rep. iv. 62. — Mountains of S. W. ( riUfonui I.r,< 
 Angeles Co. to the Mex. boundary; first coll. by Parry. 
 
 Recently published species of uncertain affinities. 
 D.* recurvatum, Greene. "Perennial, the root a fascicle of fleshy-fiiirous thick roots: 
 a foot or two high, strict and simple, or branching and the racemes more lax, glabrous and 
 glaucous, except a sparse pubescence on the lower face of the leaves and the jietioles : 
 leaves divided, each part cleft into al)Out 3 linear obtuse mucronulate segments, those nearest 
 the root on elongated petioles : raceme many-flowered, the peilicels ascending, an inch long: 
 flowers lavender-color (changing to pale blue in drying), the linear oblong sepals more than 
 a half inch long, conspicuously recurved, the blunt spur about as long and curved upwards." — ■ 
 rittonia, i. 285. — "Frequent in moist snbsaliuc grounds along the San Joaquin River, in 
 California, from Antioch to Tulare, flowering in March and April." Descriptions of this 
 and of th« two following species are quoted from the original characterizations. 
 
 D.* Emiliae, Greene. " Slender, 2 feet high, from a strong cluster of thick woody-fibrons 
 roots ; stem retrorsely pubescent, some of the hairs hispid, others short and appressetl : 
 leaves on long villous-hispid petioles, the lamina cleft into about 5 segments wliich are 
 broadly linear and entire below, but above tlie midille widened and doubly cleft, the ulti- 
 mate divisions ovoid, acute : racemes about 3, slender-peduncled, rather loose : flowers small, 
 dark blue: sepals obovoid, each with a strong apiculation wiiich is abruptly incurved and 
 covers a manifest round saccate depre.ssion ; spur nearly straight, horizojitally projecting 
 or slightly a.scending: upper petals glabrous, the lateral ones horizontiilly spreading over 
 the stamens and very hirsute externally : follicles ijubescent, the hairs incurved and ai>- 
 pressed." — Erythea, ii. 120. — " Hill.sides, Knights Valley, Soimii.n Co. pMlif " Mrs. /^miii/ 
 G. Booth, 15 June, 1894. Said to be related to D. lariegatum. 
 
 1 Add syn. D. Columhianum, Greene, Erythea, ii. 193. 
 
 2 This blue and whito flowcied form is, with scarcely .a doubt, the D. leucophaum, just published 
 by Greene, 1. c. 118. It had been named and distributed .is a new species by Suks<lorr some limo 
 before. 
 
 8 Add s>Ti. D. decorum, var. nudicnttle, Hnth, 1. c. 9. 
 
 ■* Southward to the Santa Lucia Mountain.s, Eastwood, Vorln<"/' . .in-, t^ nrtunlc-'i'i'. Zoc, iv. 148, 
 
52 IIANUNCULACE.E. Delphinium. 
 
 D.* Burkei Greene. " Stems one or several, a foot high or more, erect, not slender, from 
 a manifestly woody-fibrous root, leafy at or near the ba.se only : foliage and lower part of 
 stem seeming glabrous, though somewhat puberulent under a lens ; upper part of stem and 
 the inflorescence clothed with a short villous-hirsute pubescence : leaves 2 inches broad, 
 deeply parted into many linear and oblong-linear obtusish segments, the texture rather 
 fleshy: raceme rather long and narrow, the pedicels being equiU and quite erect : sepals 
 deep blue, pubescent exteriorly, spur rather long, usually blunt, nearly straight and hori- 
 zontal; petals conspicuously white, or perhaps ochroleucous : ovaries densely appressed- 
 villous: follicles unknown." — Greene, 1. c. 183. — "Snake Country probably in Idaho," 
 Burke. Said by Prof. Greene to have been referred by Dr. Gray to D. Andersonii, but this 
 is not sliown by specimens in herb. Gray. From the characterization quoted above, the 
 species would appear near if not identical with some forms of D. distichum. 
 
 16. ACONITUM, Tourn. Monkshood, Wolfsbane. (Ancient Greek 
 and Latin name, of uncertain origin.) — Perennial herbs (of the cooler parts of 
 the northern hemisphere) ; with palmately lobed or dissected leaves, and showy 
 flowers in terminal racemes or panicles. Seeds in ours densely squamellose. — 
 Inst. 424, t. 239, 240 ; L. Gen. no. 448 ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 43, t. 16. — For con- 
 venient brevity the upper sepal is here called the hood. 
 
 A. Napellus, L., of Europe, the officinal Aconite, Monkshood, or Wolfsbane, not rare in 
 gardens, is said to have escaped sparingly from them in some places, at least in Lower Canada 
 and Newfoundland. 
 
 * Stem erect (or in A. uncinatum with flowering summit declining), from tuberous thickened 
 conical or naplform roots: hood hetmet-shaped or cap-shaped; flowers blue, rarely vary- 
 ing to white or pale yellow. 
 A. delphinifolium, DC. Stem a foot to a yard high, strict, above more or less cinereous 
 with a close retrorse pubescence : leaves deeply ])arted, divisions laciniately cleft into lance- 
 olate or linear lobes : flowers large : hood low, not over semicircular, almost symmetrical 
 and slightly crescentic in outline, only short-attenuate at base and apex : lower sepals as 
 long and half as broad as the lateral : follicles oblong. — Syst. i. 380 ; Reichenb. Monogr. 
 79, t. 9. A. Kamtschaticum, Willd. ace. to Reichenb. Uebers. Aeon. 39, & A. maximum, Pall, in 
 herb. ace. to DC Syst. i. 380; Reichenb. 111. Aeon. t. 15-17; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. i. 69; larger 
 forms, the former very leafy to top. A. Chnmissoniamtm, semigaleatitm (Pall.), para doxum, 
 &c., Reichenb. Monogr. & 111. Aeon. A. Nopelhs, var. defphinifolium, Seringe, Mns. Helv. 
 i. 159 ; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 26 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 34, &c.i Varies to depauperate few- 
 leaved and 1-5-flowered forms. — Brit. Columbia, through Alaska to Bering Strait, and 
 Islands ; Ja.sper House, N. Rocky Mountains, Burke. (Adj. N. E. Asia.) 
 A. Noveboracense, Gr.\t. Stem erect, 2 feet high, leafy, only the summit and strict 
 but ratiicr looselv several-flowered raceme pubescent : leaves membranaceous, rather deeply 
 parted; the broadly cuneate divisions 3-cleft, and the lobes incised into lanceolate or broader 
 lobelets : hood (over half inch long) gibbous-obovate, with rounded casque-shaped summi 
 or back about the length of the basal portion and of the porrect descending beak : lower 
 sepals small and narrow: follicles oblong. — Bull. Torr. Club, xiii. 190. A. uncinatum, 
 Torr. Fl. N. Y.ti. 21? — Chenango Co., New York, on the Chenango River, at Greene, 
 A. Willard (1857), and below Oxford, F. V. Coville (1885) .2 Habit of some forms of 
 the following; in the hood between it and the preceding. The specimen of herb. 
 Le Conte, referred to by Torrey under ^. uncinatum, is not extant, and may be of either this 
 or that species. 
 A Columbianum, Nctt. Stem commonly 2 to 4 feet high, lax, the upper part or at least 
 the loose and sometimes flexuous racemes or panicles pubescent and mostly viscid : leaves 
 deeply cleft or barely parted, usually into rhombic-ovate or obovate-cuneate divisions, these 
 
 1 Add syn. A. Napellus, Hook. f. & Jackson, Ind. Kew. i. pt. 1, 31, in part. 
 
 2 Reported from Cuyahoga Falls, Summit Co., Ohio, Krebs ; see Werner, OhioAgric. E.\p. Sta. 
 Tech. Ser. i. 235 
 
Clmidfuya. KANCNCL'LACK.i:. 03 
 
 iucisely cleft and toothed : liood l;alf to three fourtlis inch hjug, with helniet-Mha|>ed portion 
 liigher than the broad, at length much shorter than the downwardly uarrowfd hxsal |M)rti.jn, 
 ver}' strongly beaked ; the beak variable, sometimes broailly (iubiilalc and jtorn-ct, Komc- 
 tiraes subulate and elongated (4 or even G lines long) an<i eitiier porrect or decurvcd : lower 
 sepals sri.all and oblong: follicles oblong. — Nult. in 'I'orr. & Gray, Fl. i. 34 ; Wats. IJot. 
 C'alif. ii. 428; Coulter, Man. Kooky Alt. Keg. II. A. numtam, llooV.. Fl. IJor.-Am. i. yf, ; 
 Torr. & Gray, 1. c. ; Wats. Bot. King Exp. 12, not Fisch. & Heichenb. ,1. Fisdieri, Hi-gel, 
 Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. x.xxiv. pt. 2, 98; Hrew. & Wats. IJot. C;ilif. i. 12, not Uciclicub.» — 
 Moist grounds, lirit. Columliia to California throughout the Sierra Nevada, cxst to the 
 Rocky Mountains, and south to those of New Mexico and Arizona. Leaves thin, eoniinonlv 
 rather large ; lower often 4 to 6 inches in diameter, sometimes rather small. Sometimes 
 bears bulblets in the axils of the leaves. 
 A. Uncin4tum, L. Very smooth and glabrous up to the short pedicels : stem 2 or .3 fe<'t 
 higii, witli summit of stem or flowering branches often declining, and j)anieulato rather 
 thaii racemose inflorescence sometimes flexuous : leaves of rather firm texture, deeply cleft 
 or tlie lower parted into oblong-obovate incisely dentate or sometimes laciuiatc divisions : 
 hood over half incli high, strongly saccate, and witli the porrect at length decurved beak 
 attaining or exceeding the lengtii of the basal portion : lower sepals small and narrow : 
 ovaries pubescent or glal)rous : follicles turgid, over half inch long; — Spec. ed. 2, i. 750; 
 Michx. Fl. i. 315; Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1119; Reichenb. 111. Aeon. t. 35; Gray, Gen. lU. i. 43, 
 t. 16.2 j^. volubilfi, Muhl. Cat. 52, but stem not twining. — Moist ground, jilong the moun- 
 tains, from Georgia to Pennsylvania (according to Torrey in Fl. N. Y. i. 21, to adjacent part 
 of New York in Chenango Co.) and Wisconsin ; fl. late summer and autunm. 
 
 * * Stems reclining from elongated fascicled roots: hood oblong-conical, the length aljout 
 twice the width, soon horizontal. 
 
 A. reclinatum. Gray. Nearly glabrous, soft in texture : stems 2 or 3 feet long, bearing 
 loose and rather few-flowered somewhat leafy racemes : leaves deeply 3-7-cleft into oblong- 
 cuneate laciniate-lobed divisions, lower long-petioled, 5 to 9 inches in diameter : flowers dull 
 white or ochroleucous, varying to purple. — Am. Jour. Sci. xlii. 34, Loud. Jour. Bot. ii. 118, 
 & Man. ed. 5, 46. — Wet woods on mountain sides, in the Allegh;uiics, N. Carolina to Vir- 
 ginia, first coil, by Gray & Carey ; fl. summer. 
 
 17. CIMICfFUGA, L. Bugbaxe. (Cimexy a bug, fugere, to drive 
 away.) — Tall pereuiiial herbs (of northern temperate zone), nearly glabrous or 
 a little pubescent above ; with sliort clustered rootstocks and matted roots, ample 
 ternately and quinately compound leaves, having incised and serrate membra- 
 naceous leaflets, and white flowers in elongated simple or paniculately clustered 
 racemes, sometimes polygamous or subdioecious ; fl. summer. — Amocn. Acad. ii. 
 354, & Mant. i. 20; Lam. 111. t. 487 ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 51, t. 20."» 
 
 § 1. AcTiNOSPORA, Beuth. & Hook., or true Cimicifngn. Carpels and fol- 
 licles seldom solitary, compressed, membranaceous, distinctly styliferous: stigma 
 small, more or less introrse : seeds not very numerous, laterally compressed or 
 terete (not depressed), the coat squamose or squamellose. — Actinospora & Ciini- 
 cifuga, Fisch. & Meyer, Ind. Sem. Ilort. Petrop. 1835, 21 ; Turcz. Fl. Baic- 
 Dahur. i. 85, 86. 
 
 * Follicles 3 to 5 or rarely more, stipitate ; seeds mostly laterally fl.ittish ; the coat con- 
 spicuously and copiously scarious-squaraose : petals or staminoiies present, 1 to 6 : leares 
 
 1 Although Dr. Gray regarded the American plant distinct from Reichenbacir.-; species, if f ' 
 sible to find satisfactory or con.stant teclniical differences, and Sir Joseph Hooker. H.l. M 
 t. 7130, includes in A. FischeH, Reichenb., not only A. Cvlumbianum, Nutt., but also A. .Vucrl' 
 Gray. 
 
 a Meehan's Monthly, iv. 81, t. 6. 
 
 » Recent literature: Fluth in Engl. Jahrb. xvi. :^1 ()-.'. lH. 
 
54 KANUXCULACl'LE. Cimici/uya. 
 
 2-3-ternate and theu ^innately 3-5-foliolate ; leaflets ovate and oblong, incised and 
 
 dentate, or ternunal one also 3-cleft, mostly acuminate. 
 
 C. FtfeTiDA, L., the original species, of N. Asia, &c., is given by Pursh as of the N. W. 
 
 Coast, no doubt mistakenly, but the original, the var. simplex (C. simplex, Wormsk.), was 
 
 from the opposite sliore of Kamtschatka. It has short-pedicelled flowers and at first pubescent 
 
 short-stipitate carpels. 
 
 C. Americana, Micnx. A yard or less high, with rather weak stem and lax elongated 
 raceme, a few shorter ones below : leaves pale beneath : pedicels widely spreading, hardly 
 shorter than the flower and the follicles : petiUs 2-horued and with a concave nectariferous 
 spot below : carpels 4 or o, shorter than their slender stipe ; follicles mostly 5 lines long ; 
 seeds all over about uniformly squamiferous. — Fl. i. 316 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 36; Gray, 
 Gen. 111. t. 20, f. 14-19. C. podocarpa, Ell. Sk. ii. 16. Achea podocarpa, DC. Syst. i. 382 ; 
 Deletes. Ic. Sel. i. t. 66. — Moist woods of the Higher Alleglianies, S. Pennsylvania to 
 Georgia; first coll. by Michaux ; fl. August, September; mainly hermaphrodite. 
 C. laciniata, Watson. Leaves brighter green, more deeply and copiously incised and 
 cleft: racemes panicled, loo-sely flowered: flowers smaller and stamens much fewer : carpels 
 in flower pubescent and longer than their stipes ; follicles half inch long, twice the length 
 of the stipe ; .seeds apparently shorter-squamiferous on the disk. — Proc. Am. Acad. xx. 352. 
 — Oregon, on the flanks of Mount Hood, Mrs. Barrett, Henderson. Near C. Dahurica. 
 Flowers apparently all hermaphrodite. 
 
 * * Follicles 1 to 3, not stipitate : seeds nearly terete : petals wanting, sometimes one or 
 
 two deformed stamens: style shorter, disposed to be recurved or uncinate: racemes 
 
 spiciform. 
 
 C. Arizonica, Watson, 1. c. Less tall: leaflets ovate or oblong-ovate (1 to 3 inches long), 
 
 moderately incised and serrate : raceme (as far as seen) solitary, with pedicel much shorter 
 
 than the very numerous stamens : ovaries and (half inch long) follicles 2 or 3, glabrous or 
 
 nearly so ; seeds conspicuously squamiferous. — On Bill Williams Mountain, N. Arizona, 
 
 ■Lemmon. 
 
 C. elata, Nutt. Slender, 3 to 6 or 8 feet high : leaflets roundish and cordate, mostly 3-lobed, 
 
 2 tu 6 inches in diameter : racemes several, slender, small-flowered : ovaries and follicles 
 
 1 to 3, the latter 4 or 5 lines long : stigma almost terminal on the short style : seeds minutely 
 
 rugose-squamellose. — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 36. — Wet mountain woods of Oregon 
 
 and Washington, Nuttall, Hall, Howell, Suksdorf, &c. Approaclies C. Japonica, Miq., and 
 
 the related species of § Pitp-osperma, which, with short-squamellose seeds, have the short 
 
 style surmounted by a broad and depressed terminal stigma, thus making a transition to the 
 
 following section. 
 
 § 2. Macrotrys. Carpels and follicles solitary, or rarely 2 or 3, terete and 
 ovoid, not stipitate : style extremely short, thick, the truncate summit occupied 
 by a strictly terminal depressed stigma (as in Acttsa) : seeds horizontal in a 
 double row, depressed ; the coat close, smooth and firm. — i¥acrotri/s (abbre- 
 viation of Macrohotrys), Raf. Med. Rep. hex. 2, v. 352, & in Desv. Jour. Bgt. ii. 
 170 (1809). ActcBa § Macrotys (mistake for Macrotrys), DC. Syst. i. 383. Bo- 
 trophis, Raf. Med. Fl. i. 85 ; Fisch. & Meyer, 1. c. 20. Cimicifufja § Macrotys, 
 Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 
 
 C. racemosa, Nutt. (Black Snakeroot, Black Cohosh.) Stem 3 to 8 feet high: 
 leaves 2-3-ternatelv and then often quinately compound; leaflets mostly ovate, of rather 
 firm texture : racemes few. virgate, rigidly erect, becoming a foot or two long : petals or 
 staminodes 1-2-horned : follicle rather shorter than the pedicel, not over quarter inch long, 
 the tip or short stvle abruptly recurved. — Gen. ii. 1."); Ell. Sk. ii. 16; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 
 ' 36 ; Grav, Gen. Ill.'i. 51, t. 20 ;' Lloyd Bros. Am. Drugs & Med. i. t. 21, f. 82-88. C. serpen- 
 taria, Pursh, Fl. ii. 372. Actcea racemosa, L. Spec. i. 504 (DiU. Elth. i. 79, t. 67) ; Michx. 
 Fl. 1.308; DC. I.e. 383; Eegcl, Gartenfl. xiii. 200, t. 443. A. mono'/ijna, Walt. Car. \^l. 
 Macrotrys acKtoides, Raf. Med. Rep. hex. 2, v. 352, & in Desv. Jour. Bot. ii. (1809) 170. 
 
Actiea. RANUNCULACE^E. 55 
 
 Bolruphis serpentaria, Raf. Med. Fl. i. 85, t. 16. B. ac.teoides, Fiseh. & Meyer, 1. c. 21.— 
 Open woods, &c., in rich soil, S. New England and Upper Canada to Wi«conHin, and sontli 
 to Mi.ssouri, Tennessee, and Georgia; ^. early Huinnier. Foliage ruua to the following 
 extreme varieties or monstrosities : — 
 
 Var. COrdifolia, (^kay. Leaflets only abcjut y, ample (4 to 6 or even 10 inches hmg), 
 at least the terminal ones cordate at base and 3-lobed. — Gray in Patterson, Cliecklist, ed. 
 1892, 1. C. cordifolia, I'ursh, Fl. ii. 373 (e.\cl. syn.) ; Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2009; Torr. & Gray, 
 1. c. (wliere char, of seeds, &c. must belong to C. Americanu) ; Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. xlii. 47. 
 AcUvu curdifulia, DC. Sy.st. i. 383. — Damp \soods, mountains of N. Carolina.* 
 
 Var. dissecta, Gray. Leaves irregularly pinnately decompnund ; leaflets compara- 
 tively small, oblong or lanceolate, laciniate or incised. — Man. ed. 6, 47. — Ccutreville, 
 Delaware, ^1. Commons. 
 
 18. ACT^A, L. Baneberky, also callea Cohosh. ('Aktcu, Greek, 
 Acteea, Latiu name of the Elder, trausferred by Liniia:u8.) — Pereuuial herli.>< (oi 
 temperate parts of northeru hemisphere), several forms almost of one species ; 
 glabrous or soou glabrate ; with simple 1-2-leaved stems from short aud braneh- 
 iug rootstock, terminated by a short and simple or sometimes forked raceme (aud 
 sometimes a second one) of small white flowers, produced in spriug : leaves 
 ample, ternately or quinately decompound : leaflets commonly ovate or oblong, 
 incised or some 2-3-cleft, and irregularly dentate : berries ripening late in sum- 
 mer, mostly black in the Old World, red or white in the New. — Gen. no. 427 ; 
 Gray, Gen. 111. i. 49, t. 19. 
 
 A. spicata, L. Raceme at first ovate or corymbiforra : petals usually rhombicsp.-\tulat« : 
 berries slender-pedicelled, oval, at maturity black. (Eu., Asia.) 
 
 Var. rubra, Ait. Berries cherry-red, or sometimes white, in a barely oblong raceme. 
 — Kew. ii. 221 ; Michx. Fl. i. 308. A. Aviericutia, var. rubra, Pursli, Fl. ii. 366. .1. brachi/- 
 petala, var. rubra, DC. Sy.st. i. 38.5. A. rubra, Willd. Enum. 561 ; Bigel Fl. Bost. ed. "2, 211 ; 
 Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 27; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 35; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 50, t. 19. A. lonf/ijtes, 
 Spach, Hist. Veg. vii. 388. — Woods, Newfoundland to the Saskatchewan district, and liocky 
 JNIountains, and south to Pennsylvania, Missouri, &c. 
 
 Var. arglita, Torr. Berries either red or white : raceme elongating in age : leaflets 
 more dee]jly incised, sometimes more sharply dentate: stem disposed to l)e taller. — I'acif. 
 R. Rep. iv. 63; AVats. Bot. King Exp. 12; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 12. /l.(ir7u/a,Nutt. 
 in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 35. A. rubra, var. arguta, Lawson, Rev. Canad. Ranunc 84. — 
 Rocky Mountains, Montana to coast of Brit. Columbia, California, and New Mexico, eaft- 
 wardly passing into the preceding form. (N. Asia.) 
 
 A.* viridiflora, Greene. Stems several from the same root : flowers even during anthesis 
 in a narrow oblong spike : pedicels during anthesis a line or two, at fruiting tliree lines 
 long, reddi.sh, much more slender than in the next : bractlets a third to half tlie length 
 of the pedicels: petals oblong-lanceolate: stamens greenish. ^:- Tittoni.a, ii. 109. — San 
 Francisco Mountains, Arizona, Rushy, Greene. 
 
 A. alba, Mill. Raceme from the first oblong, hardly elongating: leaflets more incised an<i 
 sharply dentate : petals more like staminodes, narrow and usually truncate : pedicels short 
 and stout, in fruit as thick as the axis of the raceme, becoming red: lierries glnl)oso-oval, 
 bright white (but rarely bv hybridization, purplish red). — Diet. ed. 8. no. 2; Eaton, Man. 
 ed. 2, 1818, 123 ; Bigel. Fl.Bost. ed. 2. 211 ; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 27 ; Torr. & Gray. 1. c. , 
 Gray, Man. ed. 5, 47 ; Law.'^on, 1. c 83; Lloyd Bro.«. Am. Drugs & Med. i. t. 18, f. 7.3-75. 
 78. A. spicata, var. alba, L. Spec. i. 504 ; Michx. 1. c. -4. Amtrirann, var. alba. I'ursh. 1. r. 
 A. brachi/petala, DC. Syst. i. 385, excl. var. rubra &. var. ccemlea (the latter is Cauloj>hi)llum). 
 
 1 Also reported from near Knoxville, Tenn., by Kearney, Bull. Torr. Club, xx. 2.'^, who sUte« 
 that it flowers considerably later in the season than tiie typical fonn. 
 
50 KANUNCULACEiE. n;,>lrasUs. 
 
 A. pachypoda. Ell. Sk. ii. 15. — Woods in rich soil. New Bruuswiek aud Cauada to Minue- 
 sota, and south to the mouutaius of Tennessee and Georgia.* 
 
 19. HYDRASTIS, Ellis. Yellow-koot, «S:c. (Unmeaniug name, sug- 
 gested from some likeness of the leaf to that of llijdrophijlluni C((nade?ise, with 
 which the sterile plant was at first confounded.) — Ellis in L. S.yst. Nat. ed. 10, 
 ii. 1088, & Gen. ed. G, no. 704; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 47, t. 18.^ Warneria, Mill. 
 Ic. ii. 190, t. 285 (1768). — Single species. 
 
 H. Canadensis, L. (GoLDftN-SEAi,, Yellow Pcccoon, &,c.) Rootstock fleshy, marked 
 on the upi)er side by circular scars of the annually produced stem, deep yellow within: 
 herbage pubescent ; sterile growth a long-petioled and large peltate 5-7-lobed leaf ; fertile a 
 low aud simple .stem, bearing toward the summit two alternate 5-7-lobed and serrate leaves, 
 tlie lower petioled, upper sessile and a shor^peduucled white flower, in early springy the red 
 fruit, resembling that of a Rubus, maturing in summer. — Syst. Nat. ed. 10, ii. 1088, & 
 Spec. ed. 2, i. 784; Michx. Fl. i. 317 ; Raf. Med. Fl. i. 251, t. 51 ; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 9, 
 & Bot. Mag. t. -3019 & 3232 ; Torr. & Gtay, Fl. i. 40; Lloyd Bros. 1. c. 76, t. 8, f. 27-29. 
 Hydiophyllum verum. Sac, L. Spec. i. 146. — Woods in rich soil, Canada near the Lakes and 
 New York, to Wisconsin, Iowa, and south to Missouri, Tennessee, and Georgia along the 
 mountains. 
 
 20. XANTHORRHIZA, Marshall. Shrub Yellow-root. (Hav^J?, 
 yellow, pi'Ca, root.) — Arbust. 167 (1785); Endl. Gen. 850; Benth. & Hook. 
 Gen. i. 9. Zanthorhiza (erroneous form), L'Her. Stirp. 79, t. 38 (1784); Juss. 
 Gen. 234 ; DC. Syst. i. 386 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 40 ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 45, 
 t. 17. — Single species, with floral characters of Eanunculacece, but yellow wood 
 and other sensible properties of Berheris. 
 
 X. apiifolia, L'Hek. 1. c. Stems a foot to a yard high, seldom branching, with gray bark 
 and bright ycUow wood of Barberry, from similar rootstocks, sending off yellow fibrous 
 roots, from terminal scaly bud producing in spring long drooping racemes or sometimes 
 panicles, or a racemose cluster of them, aud ])innately 3-.>foIiolate leaves, the later growth 
 bearino- 5-7-foliolate leaves ; petioles much dilated at base and half-clasping ; leaflets ovate 
 and oblong, irregulai'ly incised and serrate, often 3-cleft : flowers small, brown purple, 
 sometimes polygamous. — Ait. Kew. i. 399 ; Lam. 111. t. 854 ; Barton, Elem. Bot. App. 26, 
 t. 12; Nouv. i)uham. iii. 151, t. 37 ; Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1736 ; Barton, Veg. Mat. Med. ii. 
 203, t. 46 ; Lloyd Bros. 1. c. 291, t. 25, f. 99-105 » A', sivipliclsshna. Marsh. 1. c. 168. Artaa 
 dioica, Walt. Car. 152. — Along streamlets of the Alleghany Mountain district, from S. W. 
 New York to Florida, west to Kentucky. 
 
 21. P-i9E6NIA, Tourn. P^ony. (Ancient Greek and Latin name, said 
 to be in honor of a physician, Pceon.) — Robust and large-flowered herbs (or a 
 Chinese species shrubby), with divided leaves and ample flowers; some Old 
 World species familiar in gardens, one indigenous on the Pacific coast. — Inst. 
 273, t. 146 ; L. Gen. no. 445. 
 
 P. Br6"Wnii, Dougl. Low, with glaucous or pale and rather fleshy 1-2-ternately diviiied 
 and parted leaves ; lobes obovate or spatulate to nearly linear : fructiferous stems reclined 
 or recurved : flowers dull colored : petals 5 or 6, thickish, dull brownish red, hardly surpass- 
 ing the roundish concave sepals : disk many-lobed : follicles mostly 5, glabrous ; seeds 
 oblong. — Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 27 ; Lindl. Bot. Reg. xxv. t. 30; Brew. & Wats. 
 Bot. Calif, i. 13. P. Brownii &. P. CaUfornica, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 41. — Mostly in dry 
 
 1 Louisiana, Dr. Carpenter. 
 
 2 Recent literature: Hiith in Engl. Jahrb. xvi. 291 ; H. Bowers. Bot. Gaz. xvi. 73, t. 8. 
 
 8 X. apiifolia^ var. ternata, Huth, 1. c. 320, is the not infrequent form or state with leaves merely 
 3-foliolate. 
 
CroHSusomu. MACJNOLIACK.E. 57 
 
 ground, nearly throughout California and adjacent Nevada, rare in W. Utah and W. Iilaho, 
 nortii to Vancouver; fl. early spring or ^ununer according to Hiiuation, which raiit,'i-s fn.ui 
 the sea level to tlie confines of suniuier snow; &r< cull, hy DowjUm. 
 
 22. CR0SS0S6MA, Nutt. (Kpoo-o-ot', friu;,'e, o-i/iu, Iju<1,v, lr..iii th,.- 
 fringe-like bod}' at the liilum of tlie seeds.) — ISlucli hraiiched low sliruhs, very 
 glabrous ; with grayish and bitter bark and whitish wood : leaves oblong or nar- 
 rower, entire, mucronulate, obscurely pinnately veined, alternate, subsessile, those 
 of short branchlels or spurs fascicled: flowers solitary and 8hort-i)eduncled„ ter- 
 minating the branchlets; petals white. —Jour. Acad, Phiiad. ser. 2, i. loO; Torr. 
 Pacif. R. Rep. iv. G3, t. 1; JBenth. &, Hook. Cieu. i. 1.5; lirew. & Wats. li«.t. 
 Calif, i. 13. 
 
 C. Californicum, Nutt. I. c. Slirub 3 to 15 feet high ; stem l»econiing several inches in 
 thickness : leaves 1 to 3 inches long, seldom much fascicled : Howers large : petals orhicuhir, 
 over half inch long, white : anthers elongated-ohlong : follicles half to three fourths in.h 
 long, 20-25-seeded ; seeds with smootii and shining coat, falling out after deiiiscenco in a 
 connected row, being held together by the entangling threads of the arillus. — Torr. 1. c. as 
 to f. 1-t ; Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. xi. 112 ; Brew. & Wats. 1. c. — Island of Santa C'ataliua off 
 S. Calff. ; first coll. by Gambel. (Guadalupe Island, Palmer.) 
 
 C. Bigelovii, Watson. Shrub 3 to b feet high, slenderly and often intricately branched : 
 leaves largely fascicled on .spur-like branchlets, a fourth to half inch long: fiower fully lialf 
 smaller: petals oval, becoming spatulate-oblong, white or purplish: stamens fewer: anthers 
 short-oblong : follicles seldom over quarter inch long or more than 2 or 3, hardly slipitate, 
 10-12-seeded; seeds with dull coat (none seen with embryo formed). — rroc. Am. Acad. xi. 
 122, & Bot. Calif, ii. 428.1 C. CaUfnrnicum, Torr. 1. c. mainly, i. &. as to pi. Bigelow.— 
 Rocky ravines, S. I']. California and Arizona to Bill Williams Mountain (where first coU. bv 
 Bigelow), Palmer, Parry & Lcinmon, IK. G. Wright, G. R. ]'asej/. 
 
 Order II. MAGNOLIACE.E. 
 
 Br A. Gray. 
 
 Trees or shrubs, with aromatic and bitter bark, simple mainly entire alternate' 
 and pinnately-veined leaves, which are commonly minutely peilucid-dotted ; all 
 the parts of the flower distinct and free (hypogynous) excej)! the carpels when 
 numerous and spirally imbricated on a prolonged receptacle may cohere into :\ 
 mass ; polyandrous, with one exception ; deciduous sepals and petals inibrio:»t«'d 
 and disposed to be in whorls of three, with at least two seri.-s of the latter. 
 Anthers adnate. Stigma usually introrse and occupying most or whole length of 
 the ventral edge of the style. Ovules in all ours solitary or a pair, anatropous. 
 Seeds with a minute embryo in fleshy albumen, not arillate. Stipules commonly 
 present but deciduous. — Three very distinct tribes, which may be taken as sub- 
 orders and have been regarded as orders. The iirst is the most anomalous of 
 the order, 
 
 1 Add syn. W. parviflora, Robin.wn k Fernald (Proc. Am. Aca.1. xxx.lH), an iniiHTfectly known 
 species with more elongated branches, .scattered leaves, and smaller llowers, Iirst collectwl in the 
 Grand Cafion of the Colorado by Dr. Gray, an<l Liter in Sonora by C. V. n.trhuan. In the abiwni-e 
 of better material it is doubtfully distinct from C. liiydovii, which in iis turn is Itelieved by some to 
 intergra<le with C. Californicum; see Vaslit, Zoe, i. 27. 
 
58 MAGNOLIACE^. Schlzandra. 
 
 Tkibe I. SCHIZANDRE^. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, often 5-merous. 
 Carpels baccate, spicate or capitate. More or less climbing shrubs, hardly aromatic : 
 no stipules. 
 
 1. SCHIZANDRA. Flowers monoecious, small. Sepals and petals together 9 to 12 with 
 gradual passage, more commonly 5 of each with quincuncial {estivation. Male flowers with 
 5 to 15 monadelphous stamens : anther-cells bordering the connective. Female flowers with 
 a head of 2-ovulate carpels, which in fruit become berries and sparsely spicate on the then 
 elongated and filiform receptacle. Seed'reniform, with crustaceous coat. 
 
 Tkibe II. WIXTERE.3S. Flowers hermaphi'odite. Carpels in a simple whorl, or 
 oi^ly one. Erect trees or shrubs, highly spicy-aromatic, with evergreen leaves and 
 no stipules. 
 
 2. ILLICIUM. Sepals 3 to 6, membranaceous, caducous. Petals 9 to 30. Stamens 6 (or 
 even 5) to 40 : anthers with oblong and contiguous iutrorse cells, nearly as long as the thick 
 filaments. Carpels 6 to 18 in a whorl around a short column, one-ovuled, with subulate 
 iutrorsely stigmatose style ; in fruit drupaceous but at length dry and woody crustaceous 
 follicles, steUately spreading, in age 2-valved. Seed-coat crustaceous. 
 
 Tribe III. MAGNOLIEJE. Flowers hermaphrodite, polyaudi-ous and polygamous; 
 the envelopes 3-merous in at least three series. Carpels imbricated in a spike or 
 head on a prolongation of the receptacle. Trees or shrubs, with conspicuous mem- 
 branaceous stipules, serving as bud-scales and early deciduous, the leaves condupli- 
 cate in the bud : flowers terminal, large, solitary. 
 
 3. MAGNOLIA. Sepals 3. Petals 6 to 12. Anthers much longer than the filaments, 
 introrse. Gynophore little or not at all stipitate. Carpels ovate, more or less coherent in a 
 mass, fleshy, in fruit coriaceous-baccate, but at length dry and somewhat woody, dorsally 
 dehiscent. Styles short, recurving, intorsely stigmatose. Ovules and seeds a pair, tlie latter 
 drupaceous (the outer part of the thick seed-coat becoming baccate and the inner bony) : 
 funiculus very short, filled with spiral ducts, by the extended threads of which the seeds 
 when detached are for a time suspended. Stipules mostly connate and adnate to petiole, 
 caducous. 
 
 -1-. LIRIODENDRON. Sepals 3, deflexed. Petals 6, broad, erect, forming a bell-shaped 
 corolhi. Anthers hardly longer than the filiform filaments, extrorse. Gynophore sessile. 
 Carpels numerous and closely imbricated over the prolonged and very slender receptacle, the 
 dilated frt=( apex tipped with a linear introrse stigma; in fruit dry, indehiscent, falling at 
 maturity froi.i the bodkin-shaped receptacle, samara-like, the small fertile portion at base 
 carinate, produced above into an elongated oblong wing. Ovules and sometimes seeds a 
 pair : seed-coat thii. and dry. Stipules distinct and free from petiole. 
 
 1. SCHIZANDRA, Michx. (Sxt^w, to cut, av-qp, used for anther, alluding 
 to the cleft androecium.) — Twining shrubs (of Atlantic U. S. and Asia), w ith 
 mucilaginous and bitterish juice, deciduous ovate leaves, and solitary small flowers 
 on slender peduncles from the earliest axils of the annual shoot : 11. spring. — F'l. 
 ii. 218, t. 47 ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 19. Schizandra &. Sphcerostemma (Blume) 
 of authors. — Single American species. 
 
 S. COCCinea, Michx. L c. 219, t. 47. Leaves slendcr-petioled, ovate, sometimes obscurely 
 and sparingly denticulate : flowers half inch or less in diameter, crimson-purplish : stamens 
 5, monadelphous in a simple peltate 5-lobed disk, the ten anther-cells widely separated on 
 the margins of the very broad lobes or connectives : gynoecium ovate in flower, the carpels 
 then imbricated on the short receptacle, ventrally .stigmatic from the subulate tip down to 
 the insertion of the ovule.^ ; in fruit the scarlet berries sparse on a lengthened pendulous 
 receptacle of 2 or 3 inches iu length. — Poir. in Lam. lU. t. 995; Sims. Bot. Mag. t. 1413 ; 
 Barton, Fl. N. Am. i. 45, t. 13; Gray, Gen. Ill i. 58, t. 22. — Low woods, S. Carolina to 
 E. Texas; fl. early summer. 
 
 2. ILLlCIUM, L. Star Anise. {lUicium means an allurement.) — 
 Shrubs or small trees (Chiuo-Japaiiese and Himalayan, except the following). 
 
Miujuulia. MACIXOIJAC'K.K. 59 
 
 very glabrous: leaves entire, short-petioled, coriaceous and persistent: Howers 
 single in the axils of the leaves or bud-scak's, pedunculate, nodding : fruits yield- 
 ing an anisate volatile oil. Uoth in Japan and in America (under the name of 
 Poison Bay) said to be poisonous to tlie toufh. — Syst, Nat. ed. 1<>, ii iij.'jO, 
 & Gen. ed. 6^ iio- ''H j Gray, Gen. 111. i. o.j, t. 21.^ 
 
 I. Floridanum, Klms. Shrub G to lO feet liigli: leaves ..l.loiig-l.iiicfoliiU-. A t.> 7 iiicJi.-« 
 long: petals 20 to 30, mostly linear, dark criiiison, half to three fourths ineli loug, widely 
 spreading : stameus uumcroiis. — Phil. Traii.s. Ix. 524, t. 12; L. Mant. ii. ;J'J5 ; l.ani. Ili. 
 t. 493, f. 1 ; Curtis, Bot. Mag. t. 439 ; Michx. Fl. i. 326 ; Nouv. Duhani. iii. I'JO, t. 47 ; (iruv, 
 1. c."^ — Sandy low ground, near the coaat, Florida to Louisiana ; 11. May. 
 
 I. parvijQorurQ, Vent. Leaves elliptical or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or acute, 3 or 4 inches 
 long: petals 6 tff 11, oval, concave," ascending, yellowish, only quarter inch long: stamens 
 commonly only as many as petals. — Descr. V\. Nouv. Jard. Cels, t. 22; Miciix. Fl. i. 32C ; 
 Baill. Hist. PI. i. 151, f. 191-194. Ci/mlwsleinon parvijlorus, Spach, Hist. Veg. \ii. 44G.— 
 E. Florida, and S. E. Georgia ? (Cuhii, Wright.) 
 
 3. MAGN6LIA, (Plum.) L. (Pierre Magnol of Montpellier, dird 171.0. 
 The original Magnolia of Plumier is Talauma of W. Indies.) — Trees, or some 
 shrubs, of Atlantic U. S., Mexico, E. Asia, and Himalayan Mountains, with 
 mostly large showy flowers, in spring and early summer; the cone-like fruits 
 rose-colored at maturity, and seed-coat scarlet. Leaves upright in the bud. A 
 spathaceous stipular bract at first enclosing the flower-bud. — Syst. Nat. ed. 1, & 
 Gen. BO. 456 ; Juss. Gen. 281 ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 59, t. 23, 24.» 
 
 M. obovIta, Thunb. (M. purpurea, Curtis), and M. coyspfciT.\, Salisb., Chino^Japancse 
 si)ecies, hardy or nearly so in the Atlantic States, are planted for ornament. The peculiar 
 small-flowered M. fuscAta, of China, is cultivated at the South. 
 
 § 1. Leaves coriaceous^nd at the South persistent, not very large, never cor- 
 date : flower-buds silky : flowers very sweet-scented, white, turning fuscous in 
 age : petals roundish to obovate. Species at the South called Bay and Laukel. 
 
 M. grandiflora, L. Large tree when well developed: leaves thick and firm, hright greon 
 and lucid al)ove, ferrugiueous-pubescent beneath or in age glabrate but dull, oblong to <il>o- 
 vate, 5 to 10 inches long: stipules adnate only to the ba.se of short petiole : perils 3 or 4 
 inches long, thick, barely .spreading in anthesis : carpels pubescent, numerous ; the cone of 
 fruit 4 inches long. —Syst. Nat. cd. 10, ii. 1082, & Spec. ed. 2, i. 755 (Catesb. Car. ii. t. 61 ; 
 Trew, Ehret. t. .33) ; Andr. Bot. Rep. t 518; Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1952; Michx. f. Hist. Arb! 
 Am. iii. 71, t. 1; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 42; Sargent, U. S. 10th Con.sus, ix. 19.< .1/. Vir- 
 (jiniana, \a.T. faetida, L. Si>oc. i. 536, in part.^ — Woods in fertile soil, coxst of N. Carolina 
 to Texas, never far in the interior; 11. April to June. 
 
 M. glauca, L. (Swket Bay, AVhite Bat. White Laituel, &c. of the South Beavkr- 
 TitEi:.) Small tree, northwardly a tall shrub with leaves deciduous : petioles slender ; leaves 
 from oval to broadly lanceolate, 3 to 6 inches long, gl.ancous and at first silkv-jtubc^cent 
 beneath : corolla almost globular in anthesis, open oidy when |):ist prime ; the petals inch or 
 two long; carpels glabrous, rather few: fruit-cone inch or !«o long. — Svst. N:it. .-.i. lo, 
 
 1 A synopsis of the species of this fjenns is given by Ma.\inio\vic/. in his Diaj,'. Plant. N . ' 
 vii. 716, Melang. Biol. Acad. lu)p. St. Peter.-sb. xii. 71i.i. 
 
 2 Garden, x.xxvi. 150, t. 714. 
 
 3 Add Sargent, Silv. i. 1, t. 1-12. 
 
 4 Aud Gray, PI. For. Trees N. A. t. 1. 
 
 6 Add syn. M. fcettda, Sargent, Card. & For. ii. 615, k Silv. i. .% t. 1, 1. Prof. 3.iixcnt extends 
 tlie range to S. Arkansas. 
 
60 MAGNOLIACE.E. Magnolia. 
 
 ii. 1082, & Spec. ed. 2, i. 755 (Dill. Elth. t. 168; Catesb. Car. i. t. 39; Trew, Eliret. t. 9); 
 Schk. Handb. t. 148; Noiiv. Duham. ii. t. 66; Michx. f 1. »•.. 77, t. 2; Barton, Veg. Mat. 
 Med. t. 7; Bigel. Med. Bot. ii. 67, t. 27; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 61, t. 23; Sargeut, 1. c. 19.i 
 M. glauca, var. major, Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2164.^ Af. Virgin'uma, var. glauca, L. Spec. i. 535. 
 M. fragrans, Salisb. Prodr. 379. M. longifolia, Sweet, Hort. Brit. 1 ; Don, Syst. i. 83, 
 narrow-leaved form. — Swamps, Cape Ann (at Magnolia), Miiss.,^ and New Jersev to Texas, 
 tbrough the low and middle country and up the Mississippi to lat. 35°; fl. early summer, 
 sometimes tiU autumn.* 
 
 § 2. Leaves membranaceous and deciduous, very large, subcordate at base ; 
 those of flowering branches somewhat umbrclhi-clustered : stipules and young 
 flower-buds tomentose : flowers, very large, white, fragrant. 
 
 M. inacroph;^lla, Michx. Small tree or large shrub, with stout branches : leaves oblong- 
 obovate, with auriculate subcordate base, a foot to a yard long, canescent and tomentulose 
 beneath as also young shoots : corolla open-campanulate : petals oblong with narrowed base, 
 
 5 to 7 inches long : carpels and ovate fruit-cone canescently pubescent. — Fl. i. 327 ; Michx. 
 f. Hist. Arb. Am. iii. 99, t. 7; Bonpl. Malm. 84, t. .33; Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2189; Terr. & 
 Gray, Fl. i. 43; Sargent, U. S. lOth Census, ix. 21.* — Open woods in fertile soil, middle 
 country of N. Carolina, S. E. Kentucky, and Arkansas to Louisiana and upper part of 
 Florida; fl. May and June. 
 
 § 3. Leaves membranaceous and deciduous, ample, green both sides ; those of 
 flowering or other determinate branches approximate and umbrella-like in dis- 
 position: flowers large and white: petals obovate-oblong or spatulate, erect, 
 spreading after anthesis : carpels, ample stipules and buds glabrous. — Um- 
 
 BKELLA-TREES. 
 
 M. Fraseri, "VValt. Small or slender tree : leaves glabrous even in the bud, slender-petioled, 
 spatulate-obovate with 2-auriculate base, 8 to 20 inches long : flowers rather sweet-scented : 
 petals much narrowed at base, 4 or 5 inches long : fruit-coue oblong, rose-colored. — Car. 
 159, with plate; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 43.6 m. aurictdata. Lam. Diet.' iii. 673 ; Michx. Fl. i. 
 328 ; Audr. Bot. Rep. t. 573 ; Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1206 ; Michx. f. 1. c. 94, t. 6 ; Ell. Sk. ii. 39." 
 M. sp. Bartr. Trav. 340. M. pjjrainidata, Edw. Bot. Keg. t. 407 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1092. 
 M. auiicularis, Salisb. Parad. Lond. t. 43, too narrow petals. — Woods in rich soil, mountains 
 of Virginia to upper parts of Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida, not common in the middle 
 or low country ; fl. May. In the mountains called Wahoo, Indian Phi/sic, and Cucumber-tree. 
 
 M. Umbrella, Desk. (Umbrella-tree.) A small and branching tree: leaves short- 
 petioli'd, soft-pubescent underneath when young, soon glabrate, obovate-lauceolate with both 
 ends acute, a foot or two long : flowers slightly and not pleasantly scented : petals 4 or 5 
 indies long, less tapering at base : fruit oval-oblong, 4 or 5 inches in length, light rose- 
 colored when ripe. — ^^Desr. in Lam. Diet. iii. 673; DC. S3st. i. 452; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 43; 
 Gray, Gen. 111. i. 62, t 24 (fruit), & ,Tourn. Linn. Soc. ii. 106, f. 1-18 (ovules, &c.).8 
 M. Virginianu, var. tripetala, L. Spec. i. 536. M. tripetala, L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, ii. 1082, 
 
 1 Add Lloyd Bros. Am. Dru^s & Med. ii. 25, t. 28; Sargent, Silv. i. 5, t. 3; Gray, PI. For. Trees 
 N. A. t. 2. 
 
 2 Prof. Sargent (Ganl. & For. i. 268, t. 43) considers the tree illustrated in the Bot. Mag. a 
 hybriil between Af. glauca and J/. Umhrelln. 
 
 3 Rhode Island (without exact locality), G. H. Smith, in Thurber Herbarium; Suffolk Co., L. I., 
 ace. to Rudkin, Bull. Torr. Club, x. 95; S. Pennsylvania, A. A. Heller & Miss Halbnch. 
 
 4 Nuttull's var. pumilum of this .species (Am. Journ. Sci. v. 295) appears to be merely a dwarfed 
 shrubby state with smaller leaves and flowers, doubtless due to unfavorable environment; Florida, and 
 near Merchantville, N. J., Martindale. 
 
 6 Add Lloyd Bros. Am. Drugs & Med. ii, t. 30 (stated to be natural size, but certainly under the 
 usual dimensions) ; Sargent, Silv. i. 11, t. 7, 8. 
 
 6 Add Sargent, Silv. i. 15, t. 11, 12; Burbridge, Garden, xliv. 438, with plate. . 
 
 7 Add Gra)^ PI. For. Trees N. A. t. 4. 
 
 8 Add Gray, PI. For. Trees N. A. t. 3. 
 
Liriodendron. MA(;N()M ACK.K. CI 
 
 & Spec. ed. 2, i. 756 ; Walt. Car. 159 ; Michx. Fl. i. 327 ; Michx. f. 1. c. 90, t. 5 > .»/. /",..„. 
 
 dosa, Salisb. Prodr. 379. — Iii woods, S. reiinsyhaiiia to N. Caruliiia, Alaltaina, and llirmif^li 
 
 Keutucky aud Tcimessee to S. W, Arkan«a.s; H. May and .June. Als<j calli-d Kik-winnl iu 
 
 some places. 
 
 § 4. Leaves membranaceous and deciduous, niediiKi-e, rather dull preen, not 
 appro.ximate in umbrella fasliion on the branches: Howers rather small, grecnihli 
 to light yellow : petals oblong, commonly not over (! , erect in anthesit*, nmcli 
 longer than the small sepals: carpels glabrous, in fruit pointless, the styles or 
 stigmas filiform and deciduous : fruit-cone comparatively small and narrow, often 
 torosc, the shape and appearance when green like a gherkin, whence the nanjc of 
 
 CuCU.MBEIi-TIiEES. 
 
 M. acuminata, L. (Cuccmrkr-tuee.) Tall tree with .'Straight much prolonged trunk : 
 leaves light greeu, oval or ulilong, more or less acuminate, and witli either nmndi-d or 
 acutish base, (3 to 9 inches long, soft-pubescent, especially l)fneath, glabrate above : j>etid.s 
 2 inciics long, dull green and glaucous, or tinged with yellow. — Sy.st. Nat. ed. 10, ii. 1082, 
 & Spec. ed. 2, i. 756; Michx. Fl. i. 328; Michx. f. 1. c."82, t. 3; s'im.s. Hot. Mag. t. 2427; 
 Sargent, U. S. 10th Census, ix. 20.- M. Vircjiiiia, var. ttcmiilnuta, L. Spec. i. 536. 7W//»- 
 usirum Americunnm, Spach, Hist. Veg. vii. 483. — Woods in deep soil, W. New York, or 
 barely in Canada at Niagara, to Illinois, and south to Arkansas, Alabama, aud Georgia, 
 especially in the mountains; H. May and June. 
 
 M. COrdata, Michx. a small and branching tree ; leaves more pubescent, at least beneath, 
 ovate or oval, little or not at all acuminate, obtuse or rounded at b;ise, only on vigorous 
 shoots subcordate: petals cream-yellow. — Fl. i. 328; Michx. f. 1. c. 87, t. 4; Edw. Bot. Keg. 
 t. 325; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 474; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. ; Sargent, U. S. 10th Census, ix. 20." 
 Tii/ip(tstrum Ainericanuin, var. siibcordutuin, Spach, 1. c. 485. — Georgia near Augusia aud 
 Alabama, rare; ti. Ajnil or May. 
 
 4. LIRIODENDRON, L. Tulip-tree. (Actptos-, lily, ScrSpoi-, tree.) — 
 Spec. i. 535. Earlier in the form Liriodendritm, Hort. Cliff. 223, & Gen. 
 no. 960. TuUpifera, Pluk. Aim. 379, & Pliytogr. t. G8, 117, 348; Catesb. 
 Car. i. t. 48. — Conduplicate leaves in the bud, each placed upside down by cur- 
 vature of the petiole, and enclosed along with the younger parts by its flat stipules 
 applied face to face. Single or perhaps two species,* deciduous-leaved. 
 
 L. Tulipifera, L (Tulip-tree, White-wood, also wrongly called Poplar.) Tree 50 to 
 200 feet higli, with large straight trunk : herbage glabrous ; leaves long-jKnioled, bread, 
 subcordate, obscurely angulate, 4-lobed and emarginate-truncattf': flower-bud spatliaceou.s- 
 bractcate by the last pair of stipules, these caducous: petals very broad, greenish yellow 
 marked with orange, inch or two long: cone of fruit aliout 3 inches long. — Spec. i. .535; 
 Curtis, Bot. Mag. t. 275; Schk. Handb. t. 147; Nouv. Duham. iii. 62, t. 18; B.arton. Veg. 
 Mat. Med. t. 8 ; Bigel. Med. Bot. ii. t. 31 ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 64, t. 25.*— Woods of deep soil. 
 AV. New England,^ through New York and adjacent borders of Canada to Wisconsin, south 
 to Arkansas and Florida ; fl. early summer. (China.) 
 
 1 Add Sargent, Silv. i. 1.3, t. 9, -10. 
 
 2 Add Lloyd Bros. Am. Drugs & Med. ii. 29, t. 29; Sargent, Silv. i. 7, t. 4, f). 
 
 8 Prof. Sargent believes this to be merely a variety of the precedinjr, and ha.s published it m 
 M. acmninala, var. cordata, Am. Jour. Sci. ser. 3, xxxii. 473, Ganl. & For. ii. 338, & Silv. L 8, 
 t. 6, where it is stated that the exact form of the cultivated plant li.as not been rfdiscoverc<l, although 
 specimens approaching it are not infrequent upon the Blue Ridge in Carolina and in Northern 
 Alabama. 
 
 * But one species ; see Hemsl. Gard. Chron. ser. 3, vi. 718. 
 
 5 Add Garden, xxxiv. 31, f. on p. 42; Lloyd Bro.s. Am. Drugs & Me<1. ii. 3, t. 26 & f. 106-111, 
 with map of distribution; Sargent, Silv. i. i9, t. 13, 14; Holm, Proc. U. S. Nat. .Mus. xiii. i:U3.'., 
 t. 4-9, showing the extraonlinary variability in shape of the leaves; Gniy, PL For. Treej* N. A. t. 8. 
 
 .6 Eastward to Rhode Island, Thurber, and a»ljacent Massachu.setts according to Kusscil, Ganl. & 
 For. ii. S2. 
 
62 ANOXACEJ:. Anona. 
 
 Order III. ANONACE^. 
 
 By a. Gray. 
 
 Trees or shrubs ; with herbage as of the preceding order, but no stipules ; the 
 flowers all hermaphrodite and equally 3-merous (by occasional variation 4—5- 
 nierous) and hypogyuous; a calyx of 3 sepals valvate in the bud, corolla of 
 6 petals iu two unlike series ; indefinitel}^ numerous stamens imbricated on an 
 enlarged receptacle, their anthers extrorsely adnate and longer than the fila- 
 ments ; carpels either distinct or when imbricated on a prolongation of the 
 receptacle cohering to form an aggregate fruit; ovules anatropous, and large 
 seeds with a crustaceous coat, ruminated albumen (in the manner of a nutmeg), 
 and a minute embryo. Sepals and petals deciduous. A tropicU order, except 
 in the Atlantic United States. 
 
 1 . ANONA. Petals valvate in the bud, thick aud fleshy, those of the inner series smaller 
 but little different from the outer. Anther-tips convex. Carpels numerous, one-ovuled, 
 imbricated over the elongated receptacle and more or less confluent iu a mass, forming a 
 fleshy aggregate fruit. 
 
 2. ASIMINA. Petals of each scries imbricated in the bud (at least the outer or the inner 
 distant), accrescent, membranaceous or thinnish, veiny, commonly rugnlose, more or less 
 dissimilar ; the outer plane aud spreading ; inner smaller aud erect, mostly thicker, concave 
 at base. Stamens densely covering the globose torus : anther-tips depressed and pulvinate. 
 Carpels few or several, distinct, sessile or very short-stipitate, few-many-seeded, only one to 
 three or four (or rarely six) maturing into oblong baccate fruits. Seeds horizontal, encased 
 iu a tliin membranaceous arillus. 
 
 1. ANONA, L. Custard Apple. (Corruption of a Malayan name, 
 menona or manoa, not from the Latin annona, provision or annual produce.) — 
 Tropical American trees, early carried found the world: the following natural 
 to S. Florida. — Syst. Nat. ed. 1, & Gen. no. 446; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 27. 
 
 A. laurifolia, Dfnal. Tree 10 to 30 feet high, glabrous: leaves oval to oblong: outer 
 petals inch or two long, ovate or subcordate; inner obovate, somewhat cucullate-concave : 
 fruit (hardly edible in the manner of the cultivated custard apples) 3 or 4 iuches long, the 
 carpels all completely fused at maturity into a smooth-rinded apple-like or pear-sliaped mass. 
 — Monog. Anon. 6.5 (Catesb. Car. ii. 67, t. 67); DC. Prodr. i. 84; Chapm. Fl. ed. 2, 603; 
 Sargent, U. S. 10th Census, ix. 23.^ Porc.elia pnrvi flora, Audubon, Birds Amer. ii. t. 162 
 (and in 8vo ed. v. 14, t. 281). — Low islands and everglades, S. E. Florida. (W. Ind., 
 S. Am.) 
 
 2. ASIMINA, Adans. Papaw of N. Americans. (Abbreviation of 
 Assiminier of the French colonists, who took the name from the Indians.) — 
 Consists of a small tree and three or four low shrubs of Atlantic U. S., not aro- 
 matic, but bruised herbage and bark unpleasantly heavy-scented : flowers ill- 
 scented ; solitary or few in a fascicle, produced from the axils of preceding or 
 
 1 Add syn. 1 A. glabra, L. Spec. i. 537 (Catesb. Car. ii. 64, t. 64). The identity of this species 
 with Dunal's, of later description, has been maintained by Sargent, Gard. & For. ii. 616, & Silv. 
 i. 29, t. 17, 18; but the Linnsean species, founded solely upon Catesby's flowerless figure with obvi- 
 ously erroneous habitat, is certainly too indefinite to be satisfactorily revived. Especially is this the 
 case, as Catesby, upon whose two figures the species were founded, evidently regarded them as rlif- 
 fereut plants. 
 
Asiminu. ANONACE^. 
 
 present leaves, strongly protogynous : fruit edible. Ariilus very distinct in ,1, 
 grandiflora and A. jjygvuva. — P\am. ii. 3G5; Dunal. 1. r. 81 ; DC. I. c h7 ; 
 Gray, Gen. 111. i. 67, t. 2G, 27 ; IJeuth. & Ilouk. Gen. i. 2\ (but iielongs Uj il.eir 
 tribe Uvariece) ; Gray, Bot. Gaz. xi. IGl.^ Orchulocai-jtum, Michx. Fl. i. 3'2'J. 
 # Flowers (iu early spring) from the axils of the ilocidiioiis leaves of the prerodinp vi'ur, 
 therefore from woody stems : nasceut slioots aud foliage also calyx pulnjufeut; leaves 
 comparatively broad, short-pctiolcd. 
 -1— Leaves meinl»rauaceous, ample, aeute or acuminate, coj)iously jiinnately-veined, the retir- 
 ulatioii of veinlets iucouspicuous : pubescence of calyx and iiatw-ent leaves sericeous and 
 ferrugineous : petals moderately accrescent, from lurid green becoming brown purpK-, in 
 l)oth series ovate, not very unlike, the inner moderately concave and not rimose-thickcued 
 nor corrugated at base within. 
 A. triloba, Dunal. (Papaw.) Tree 20 to 40 feet high, also flowering as a low shrnl>: 
 leaves at maturity half a foot to a foot long, obovate-obloug with tapering base: tlowera on 
 brown-pubesceut pedicels of about their own length : outer petals half inch, accrescent Ui an 
 inch in length: carpels few: style distinct and with short iutrorse stigma: ovules niiiiu-rous 
 iu two series : fruits sometimes 3 maturing (whence the specilic name), commonly only one or 
 two, the larger about 4 inciies long, filled with sweet somewhat arnm:itic but mawkish pulp: 
 seeds several, oblong, compressed, an inch long. — Monog. Anon. 83 ; DC. 1. c. ; Gnimp. < »tlo 
 & Hayne, Abbild. Holzarten, 66, t. 53 ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 68, t. 26, 27 ; Hook. f. Hot. M:ig. 
 t. .'3854.2 ^( cumpaniflorn & A. conoiden, Spach, Hist. Veg. vii. 528, 530. Annoua Irilnlni, 
 L. Spec. i. 537 (Catesb. Car. ii. t. 85) ; Marsh. Arbust. 10; Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. iii. 161, 
 t. 9; .Schk. Handb. t. 149. Aiionu triloba, Nouv. Duham. ii. 83, t. 25. Orchidorarpum arieti- 
 nitm, Michx. Fl. i. 329. Porcelia triloba, Pers. Syn. ii. 95; Pursh, Fl. ii. 383. Uvaria trdulxi, 
 Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 45; Baill. Hi.st. PI. i. 193, f. 220-228.8 — A lluviiil soil along streams, 
 W. New York and adjacent Can;ida to Michigan and Iowa, south to Middle Florida and 
 K. Te.xas.* 
 A. parviflora, Dcxal. Shrub 2 to 5 feet high, branching above: leaves smaller aud 
 rather thicker, from obovato to spatulate : flowers fully hhlf smaller, very short-pedicel led : 
 petals less accrescent and less unequal: stigma sessile: ovules about 10, nearly in a single 
 series: fruit oblong or p^'riform, an inch or so long: seeds few, turgid, half inch long. — 
 Monog. Anon. 82, t. 9 ; YiC. 1. c. ; Ell. Sk. ii. 41 ; Chapm. Fl. 15. Orchidocur/mm parvijhirum, 
 Michx. Fl. i. 329. Porcelia parviflora, Pers. 1. c. ; Pursh, 1. c. Umria juirvijlorn, Torr. & 
 Gray, Fl. i. 45. — Dry sandy soil, N. Carolina to Florida and Alabama. 
 ■*— •»— Leaves furfuraceous-tomentulo.se when young, in age chartaceous and with conspicn- 
 ous reticulation of veinlets, mostly retuse or obtu.sc, comparatively small : flowers often in 
 pairs or with a leafy shoot from ilic same axil : |)etals white ; outer much :»ccrescent. or- 
 bicular and at length oltovate; inner much smaller, with saccate-concave bjise. puride 
 within and rimose-corrugate : ovaries densely pubescent, tipped with a .sessile depres.«ed 
 stigma; fruits an inch or two long, several-seeded; seeds ovate-ov:»l. flattened. 
 A. grandiflora, Dunal. Stems 2 to 5 feet high : leaves tomentulose both sides, only gla 
 brate iu age, sijatuLite-oblong to obovate or oval; the larger 3 or 4 inches long and I or 2 
 wide : outer pet.als when full grown 2 inches or more in length, and 3 or 4 times the length 
 of the inner, these for the upper half with revolute margius. — Monog. Anon. 84. t. 11; DC. 
 Prodr. i. 86; VAl. Sk. ii. 42; Chapm. Fl. 15. Anona ip-andijlorn. Rartr. Trav. (Am. eti.) 
 t. 2. Annona obovata, AVilld. Spec. ii. 1269. Orc/iidocurpum (jrandijlnnim, Michx. Fl. i. .13(1. 
 Porcelia fjraytdi/lora, Pers. 1. c. ; Pursh, 1. c. Uvarin oborala, Torr. & Gniy, Fl. i. 45. — 
 Sandy woods, S. Georgia and Florida; first coll. by Rartram. He desi Til>es the flowers as 
 sweet-scented, " the fruit of the size and form of a small cucumber, containing a yellow 
 pulp of the consistence of a hard custard, aud very delicious whole^iome food." Fl. Man-fi, 
 April. 
 
 1 Add Sar<!;ent, Silv. i. 21, with conspectus of spi-c-ies. 
 
 2 Ad.l Lloyd Bros. Am. Drugs & Med. ii. 49, t. 33, f. 1-20-125; Sargent. Silv. i. 23, t. 1.1. Hi. 
 
 3 .Add Bull. Son. Linn, de Paris, 651. 
 
 4 Pmf. Sarsjent, I. c cxlcii.ls the wiiiL'n to Iv I'omisvlvaiiia .-vuil v\\ the wtst to K. K.iiis.is. 
 
64 AXONACEiE. Asimiua. 
 
 A. CUneata, Shutti.eworth. Less pubescent, a foot or two high : leaves smaller, an iucli 
 or two long, even the nascent ones often quite glabrous above, becoming coriaceous in age : 
 pedicels solitary ; outer petals 1 to IJ inches long, only twice the length of the inner. — 
 Uistr. coll. liugel, 8; Gray, Bot. Gaz. xi. 163. A. reticuluta, Chapni. Fl. ed. 2, 603, not 
 Shuttleworth. — Pine barrens of S. Florida; near L. Monroe, Rugel, in fruit. Coll. in 
 flower by Palmer, Feay, Ilavard, the last in February ; later also by Curtiss. 
 * * Flowers solitary in the axils of extant subcoriaceous and reticulate-veiny subsossile 
 leaves, produced in spring and early summer : outer and inner petals strongly dissimilar: 
 styles distinct: ovules 8 to 10: floweriug stems mostly simple and suffruticose from a 
 thickened woody base or stock : herbage quite glabrous from the first or very nearly so : 
 fruit an inch long or more, few-seeded : seeds globose-ovate, little compressed. 
 A. angustif olia, Gray. Stems 2 or 3 feet high, erect : leaves elongated, from narrowly 
 linear (5 or 6 inches long by 2 to 4 lines wide) to narrowly spatulate (3 to 5 inches long and 
 half or tliree fourths inch wide) : flower white, large, commonly erect: outer petals much 
 accrescent, 1^ to 2 inches long, oblong; inner much smaller, lanceolate above the strongly 
 concave internally purple and longitudinally corrugate-thickened base : ovaries almost 
 glabrous.^ — Bot. Gaz. xi. 163. Orckidocarpum pjjgnia'um, Michx. Fl. i. 330, & Porcdia 
 )ii/(jmaa, I'ers. Syn. ii. 95, in part. Asimtna pj/rpnoia, Dunal, 1. c. t. 10; Ell. Sk. ii. 43, 
 mainly; Chapm. Fl. 15, in part. A. pt/gmcea, v&r., Curtiss, distr. 87*. Uvaria pi/gmcra, 
 Torr. «& Gray, Fl. i. 45, mainly. — Sandy pine woods, Florida and adjacent Georgia. Parts 
 of the flower occasionally in fours. 
 A. pygmsea, Dvnal, 1. c. excl. syn. Stems a foot or two high, commonly declined or 
 arcuate : leaves from cuueate-linear to oblong, 1 to 4 inches long, half inch to full incli wide, 
 much reticulated : flowers strongly nodding, mostly brown purple ; outer petals ovate, 
 becoming ovate-lanceolate or spatulate, seldom over half inch long, not broader nor be- 
 coming much longer than the thicker and broadly ovate inner ones. — Ell. 1. c. in part; 
 Curtiss, distr. 87 ; Gray, I.e. 164. Anona pygmau, Bartr. Trav. (Am. ed.) t. 1. Uvaria 
 ]i)/gm(pa, Torr. & Gray, 1. c. in part. Asimina secnndijiora, & A. reticulata, Shuttleworth in 
 distr. coll. Bugel, 10 & 9, the former just the plant described and figured by Bartram ; the 
 latter a smaller-flowered form with oblong or linear-oblong leaves an inch or so in length 
 and not tapering to the base. — Dry pine barrens, E. Florida"^ and adjacent Georgia, first 
 coll. Ijy Bartram, 
 
 Okdeu IV. MENISPERMACE.i:. 
 
 By a. Gray. 
 "Woody (at least at base) and sarmentose or twining plants; with colorless 
 bitter juice, mostly palmate or peltate alternate leaves and no stipules, and small 
 dioecious flowers ; their parts 3-merous or sometimes 4-merous, with hypogynous 
 sepals, petals, and stamens in two series of each (or the latter more numerous in 
 one genus and petals wanting in another), the parts imbricated in the bud ; the 3 
 to 6 carpels distinct, uniovulate, in fruit berry-like drupes, commonly incurved as 
 they grow, making the seed and embryo crescentic or annular, the latter nearly 
 the length of the scanty albumen. Peduncles axillary or super-axillary. Anthers 
 with normal dehiscence, usually short. Ovule amphitiopous. Order nearly all 
 tropical, except these few representatives in Atlantic N. America. 
 
 * Floral envelopes plainly of two sorts, viz. sepals and petals : anthers innate, 4-lobed and 
 mostly 4-locellate : carpels becoming incurved aftei" anthesis, bringing the apex of the 
 drupe down next the base ; the rugose and grooveil and laterally fl:>tteiifd putamen 
 therefore circular or strongly reniform, bony, and the seed reiiiform or horse-shoe shaped : 
 embryo .slender, with long and narrow cotyledons. 
 
 1 Seeds ovate-subglobose with distinct arillus ; see Bot. Gaz. xi. 220. 
 - Since coll. at Gainesville, Central Florida, Miss 1 eirce. 
 
Mcnispennum. MKNISPEUMACE.E. GO 
 
 1. COCCULUS. Sepals, petals, aud stamens each 6, and anteimsed, Lein;: in sur.-ojwivo 
 reujularly alternate threes. Inner sepals larger than the outer, also larger liian the |R-tals, 
 whicii in male flowers are partly involute at bjise around one of the siiort tilanienta. Stani. us 
 of female flowers 6 flattened sterile filaments. Carpels 3 to 6, gessile ou the eomrnon reefi>- 
 tacle: styles siiort and subulate, recurved, ventrally stigmatnse. 
 
 2. MENISPERMUM. Sepals 4 to 8. Petals 6 t.. 8 or 10; sliorter. Male flowers with 12 
 to 24 stanuiis : (ilanicnts filiform. Female flowers with a slmrt abortive stamen iM'fore carh 
 petal, and 2 to 4 carpels ou the summit of a .short gyimphore : stigmas broarl, si-ssile <.r 
 nearly so. 
 
 ♦ * Divisicms of floral envelopes fewer, all alike : anthers ajluate, introrse, simply 2-celled : 
 stigma remaining apical ; drupe wheu dry and seed meniscoidal: cotyledons broad and 
 thin, laterally divergent. 
 
 3. CALYCOCARPUM. Sepals 6 in two series, similar, petaloid, ohlong-obovate. Petals 
 wanting. Stamens in male flowers 12, with filaments flattened and somewhat dilated 
 upward ; in the female flowers a short abortive stamen before eiich sepal. Carjiels .I. se.-<sile i 
 ovary fusiform : stigma sessile, peltate, laciniately multifid. DrajjC globular, with thin pulp 
 on a thin crnstaceou.s putamen, which is broadly and deeply excavated or intruded ventrallv, 
 forming an acetabuliform or bowl-shaped cavity, the transverse and also longitmlinal .^eciidn 
 meniscoidal. Embryo also meniscoidal, in tlie tiiiu albumen ; the broad aud thin cotyledons 
 separate. 
 
 1. COCCULUS, DC. (Diminutive of ko/cko?, a horry, applitnl by Banhin 
 to the Oocculus Indicus of comtncrce.) — Mainly Asiatic and African species ; 
 ours slender-stemmed and low-twining, variable-leaved. — Syst. i. 515, in part; 
 Gray, Gen. 111. i. 71, t. 28; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 36. 
 
 C Carolinus, I^C. Tomentulose : leaves long-petioled, ovate or cordate and entire, or some 
 ha.stately .3-lobed or even sinuately .Globed, thinnish, glabrate or glabrous above : flowers 
 greenish, in either short or lengthened racemiform panicles : fruit red, 3 lines in diameter. — 
 Syst. i. 524; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 47; Gray, 1. c. 72, t. 28; Baill. Hist. PI. iii. 2, f. 2-t; 
 Miers, Contrib. Bot. iii. 253. Cixsnmpelos smilacina, L. Spec. ii. 10.'J2,on Catesb. Car. i. t. 51. 
 Menispermum Carolinum, L. Spec. i. 340. M. Carolinuwum, Hill, \'cg Syst. xvi. t. 27, f. 1 , 
 Walt. Car. 248. Baumgartia scundens, Moench, Meth. 650. Audrophi/hix scandetig, Wendl. 
 Bot. Beobacht. 38. Wendlandia popidifolia, Willd. Spec. ii. 275 ; Pursh, Fl. i. 252. W. Caro- 
 liniana, Nutt. Gen. i. 241. Cocculidium popidifolium, Spach, Hist. Vcg. viii. 17.i Var. hed,- 
 raceafolms, Mier.s, I.e. (Menispermum Virgmkum, L. I.e., founded on Dill. Kith. 223, t. 178). 
 is no more than a form with a few of the leaves sinuately 5-lobeii C. sftgifin/Jlus, Miers. 
 
 1. c. 255, from San Felipe, Texas, Dnmnnond, nmst be another form, with more hastate foli- 
 age. — River-banks, Virginia and S. Illinois to Florida and Texas; fl. summer. 
 
 C. diversifolius, DC. Puberulent and glabrate: flowering stems filiform : leaves short- 
 })elioled, small, cbartaceous, lucid, varying from linear and lanceolate (with ril>s panllel) to 
 ovate or cordate and sometimes 3-lobed ; flowers greenish yellow : fruit apparently purple. — 
 Hemsl. Biol. Cent.-Am. Bot. i. 21; Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 318. V. diventlfolitu & 
 C.ohlongifohus, DC. Syst. i. 52.3, 529, & Caiques des Dess. t._ 10, 11.— Southern boniers of 
 Texas, on the Kio Grande, Palmer, Havard, and S. Arizona, Prhigle; fl. May. (Mex.) 
 
 2. MENISPi^RMUM, Tourn. Mooxseed. (Mrjvr], moon, mripun, 
 seed.) — Partly herbaceous twiners, but woody and })orsistent below ; with mem- 
 branaceous slender-petioled leaves anirnlatily o-7-lobed and peltate near the 
 base ; the flowers in small and loose filoniler-podimculate panicles, mostly shorter 
 than the petioles, greenish or whiti.sh, the stamens bright white : fl. in summer. — 
 MeiTi. Acad. Par. 1705, 237; L. Syst. Nat. id. 1, & Gon. ed. 3. 3r,2, in part; 
 Lam. 111. t. 824; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 73, t. 20 ; Maxim. Diag. PI. Nov. Asiat. v. 
 647, t. 2. Consists of the following species and one of E. Asia. 
 
 1 Add .syn. Cchntha CarnUna, Rritton, Mem. '" ■ < 
 
 G 
 
66 MENISPERMACEiE. Mcnispcnnum. 
 
 M. Canadense, L. Somewhat pubescent wlien young, glabrate ; leaves peltate close to tlic 
 broadly dilated subcordate base : petals ouly half the length of the inner sepals, flattish, 
 much shorter than the 10 to 20 stamens of the male flowers : abortive stamens of the female 
 flowers one before each petal and of its length : stigmas obovate or reniform, sessile : fruit 
 ripening late in autumn, resembling small grapes, blue-black with a copious bloom. — Spec. 
 \. 340; Michx. F\. ii. 241 ; Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1910 j Schk. Handb. t. 337 ; Torr. & Gray,ri. 
 i.48; Miers, Contrib. Bot. iii. 115, t. 110. J/. an9u/«tu//i, Ma'nch, Meth. 277. ]\I. smilncinum, 
 DC. Syst. 541. Cissampelus siiiilacina, Jacq. Ic. Rar. iii. t. 629, not L. — Alluvial ground, 
 along streams ; Canada to.lNIinuesota and Winnipeg, south to Georgia and Alabama in the 
 upper districts. 
 
 3. CALYCOCARPUM, Nutt. (KoAu^, a cup or shell, KapTro'?, fruit, the 
 dry shell of the drupe with a cup-like hollow ou one side.) — Nutt. in Torr. & 
 Gray, Fl. i. 48 (§ of Menispermum) ; Gray, Gen. Jll. i. 75, t. 30, & Man. ed. 5, 
 52 ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 35 ; Miers, 1. c. 24, t. 89. — Single species. 
 
 C.*"Ijy6lli, Gray.i Climbing e:;tensively, sparsely hirsute when young: leaves ample 
 and long-petioled, membrcinaceous, open-cordate at base, not peltate, deeply 3-5-lobed, lobes 
 ovate and acuminate : panicles of small white flowers, loose and slender, male much elon- 
 gated : drupe nearly inch long, black when ripe, globose when fresh, with ventral face at 
 length flattened, and when the dried epicarp breaks away disclosing the deep cavity of the 
 putamen, its border then more or less denticulate-crested. — Gen. 111. i. 76, t. 30; Chapm.- 
 Fl. 16; Baill. Hist. PL iii. 13, 39. Menispermum Lyoni, Pursh, Fl. ii. 371; DC. Syst. i. 
 541 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. — Moist woods, in alluvial soil, Kentucky and S. Illinois to Missouri, 
 and south to Florida and Texas; fl. late spring and summer. 
 
 Order V. BERBERIDACEiE. 
 
 By a. Gray ; the genus Vancouveria revised by B. L. RoniNSON. 
 
 Shrubs or herbs with colorless juice but yellow wood and bark in Berberis ; 
 leaves commonly with stipular dilated and marginal bases to the petioles or ob- 
 viously stipulate ; symmetrical and hermaphrodite hypogynous flowers, with 
 imbricate spstivatiou, and parts all distinct and 3-merous (rarely 2- or 4-merou8) ; 
 sepals, petals, stamens, and sometimes bractlets in two series of each (or occa- 
 sionally more), that is, taken as wholes regularly anteposed throughout ; anthers 
 opening by upliited valves ; carpel normally only one ; seeds anatropous, with a 
 straight or straightish embryo in fleshy or horny albumen. Parts of flower 
 deciduous. Podophyllum and AcMys are anomalous exceptions, as seen below. 
 The Lardizabalece are an order between this and the Afenispermacece. 
 
 * Slirnbs, with compound but often nnifoliolate (and seemingly simple) alternate leaves. 
 
 1. BERBERIS. Sepals 6 (besides 2 or 3 l)racts), somewhat petaloid. Petals 6, concave and 
 ascending or erect, 2-glandular next the base within. Stamens 6, short. Stigma peltate 
 and umbilicate. Ovules few, ascending from base of the cell. 'Fruit a berry, sometimes 
 
 . dry. Seeds with crustaceous coat. 
 
 * * Perennial herbs, with deciduous ovary and mostly a single pair of ovules from base of 
 the cell ; these becoming naked drupaceous seeds : leaves temately decompound. 
 
 2. CAULOPHYLLUM. Sepals 6, usually ^vith 3 or 4 bractlets underneath. Petals 6, 
 much shorter, nectariferous, flabelliform and fleshy, short-uuguiculate. Stamens 6, short. 
 
 1 Dr. Gray in his manuscript (as in the 5th edition of Manual) ascribes tlii.s species to Nuttall. 
 Th« combination C. Lyoni, however, was first made in Gray's Gen. Fl). i. 7f! ulirvM th. if. j.s no refer- 
 ence to Nuttall. The species must accordingly stand as Dr. Gray's. 
 
Dcrbfris. BKRHEUIDACK-i:. 07 
 
 Ovary ovoid: subulate sliort style with iiitrorse stigina. Sccfls stipitato on their tl 
 clavate funiculi, glDlxise, with a-flcsiiyaud at lr»ngtli pulpy coat ; the vi-ry hard ; 
 deeply unibilicate at tlio liiluni. Kmhryo minute at the centre. 
 
 * * * Anomalous herbs, with no Horal envelopi's, and dry indehiuccnt fruit one^ewled 
 from the base. 
 
 3. ACHLYS. Stamens 6 to 12; filaments elongjited, filiform, or the outer dilaU-d upwar«l : 
 anthers globose-didymous. Ovary ovoid, surmounted by a broad sessile stipma. Ovnic 
 solitary. Fruit at first somewhat fleshy, at length dry and coriaceous, lunate-incurved, dor- 
 sally convex and ca'rinate, ventrally excavated each side of the fleshy .«alient suture or ventral 
 appendage. Embryo minute. Flowers spicate. 
 
 * * * * Perennial herbs: ovary with few or many ovules on the lateral placenta. 
 
 -)- Forming a dry and dehiscent fruit : seeds laterally arillate : embryo minute : leaves 
 
 coni])ound. 
 
 4. VANCOUVERIA. Sepals 6 in two series, obovate, jietaloid, refiexeil, and l)cl" 
 (■) or 9 caliciue bracts in 2 or 3 series. Petals 6, uectarifurni and unguiculate, i. e. ;i . 
 claw bearing a much shorter cucullate nectariferous lamina. Stamens G : anthers el.! 
 oblong, the connective produced into a pointed tip. Ovary 2-9-ovuIate ; stvle slendtr; 
 stigma terminal, truncate and scarious-cupulate. Follicle oblong, membranaceous, uneqiuilly 
 2-valved, in the manner of E pi medium, (which has dimerous flowers and sessile petals or 
 nectaries). Seeds arcuate, with au ample lateral arillus. Leaves triternate. 
 
 5. JEFFERSONIA. Sepals 4, rarely 3 or 5, linear-oblong, petaloid, caducous. Petals 
 8 in two scries, oblong, plane, larger than the sepals. Stamens 8; anthers oblong-liniar, 
 longer than the filaments. Ovary ovoid, slightly stipitate, apex contracted into a short style 
 with terminal 2-lobed stigma. Ovules and seeds numerous and horizontal in several rows 
 on the broad placenta. Arillus snwU and laciniate. Fruit ol>ovate, tnuisversely (or 
 obliquely) dehiscent by a slit. Leaves 2-foliolate or 2-lobed. 
 
 -t— H— Fruit a berry : embryo comparatively large : anthers oblong, longer than the fila- 
 ments : rootstocks producing sterile plants of a single large and long-stalked leaf and 
 flowei-iug plants of two leaves ; leaves undivided but cleft and peltate. 
 
 6. DIPHYLLEIA. Sepals 6 in two series (or the three outer and smaller more herbaceous 
 ones bracts), caducous. Petals 6, obovate, plane and larger, spreading. Stamens 6. (^>vary 
 5-6-ovulate toward the base of the placenta : style very short : stigma terminal, depres.sed. 
 emarginate. Berry globular, somewhat gibbous, few-seeded. Seeds oblong, naked (not 
 arillate). 
 
 7. PODOPHYLLUM. Bracts 3, small and green, very early caducous. Scjials 6 in two 
 series, broad and thin, partly herbaceous, caducous. Petals 6 to 9, rounded-obovate, spread- 
 ing. Stamens as many or twice as many as the petals, or more ; anthers not with u]difted 
 valves ! Ovary ovoid, crowned with a large and sessile fungoid-lobulate stigma. Ovules 
 and seeds very numerous in several rows covering the very broad ventral placenta ; the see<ls 
 at length immersed each in a pulpy arillus or arilliform outgrowth of the placenta. Berry 
 large. In monstrosity 2 or 3 carpels ! 
 
 1. B^IRBERIS, Tourn. Barberry or Berberry. (Arabic name.) — 
 Widely distributed genus of shrubs ; the inner bark and wood yellow :ind charjjed 
 with a bitter priuciple (berberine). Leaves or leaflets spinulose- or (•ili:ite-<U-ii- 
 tate, or some converted into persistent spines. Flowers small, yellow, mostly in 
 racemes, produced in spring or early summer, heavy scented. Filament.*! sensi- 
 tive, springing forward upon a touch at base inside. ]•■ • ^■'' • '■■-■': ' '■••' 
 no. 267. 
 
 § 1. True Berberls. Leaves of primary axes traii.^turnu d iuiu }icr.>i.-ti nt 
 and simple or triple spines; those of the foliage in fascicles from the axils, in 
 
G8 BERBERIDACE.E. Uerheris. 
 
 ours deciduous, seemingly simple, but n'ully uiiitoliolate and nearly sessile, the 
 petiole being extremely short and articulated with tapering base or petiole of the 
 leaflet : racemes drooping : filaments toothless : berries red and acid, edible. 
 
 B. VULGARIS, L. (EuROi'EAN Barbekry.) Slirub 3 to 9 feet liigli, with rei-urving branches : 
 leaves obovate-oblong, closely aud strougly ciliate tliroughout with setiforni-spiiiulose teetli : 
 racemes elongated, mauy-Uowered : berries oval or obloug. — Spec. i. 330. 13. Vanarlensis, 
 Kaf. Med. ¥]. i. 82, t. 15, Loud. Arboret. i. 303, f. 48, aud in some earlier books. B. vidtjaris, 
 var. Caiittdensis, Torr. Fl. N. & Midd. States, 336. B. macracaiiiha, laxifloru, & mitis, Schlecht. 
 Linnaia, xii. 366-371. — Thickets and waste land, abundantly naturalized near the coast of 
 New Euglaud, New Brunswick, &c. ; sparingly escaped from gardens elsewhere. (Nat. 
 
 ^ from Eu.) 
 
 B. Canadensis, Pursh. Low: leaves pale or glauccsccnt, sjiatulatc-olilong, sparsely 
 re]jantl-denticulate and sliort-.^ipinulose or some neai'ly entire : racenios sliort and few- 
 flowered, and almost corymbiform : flowers smaller than in the foregoing : petals retuse or 
 emarginate : berries sliort-oval to globular. — Fl. i. 219 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. .50 ; Gray, Gen. 
 HI. i. 80, t. 31, & Man. ed. 5, b^.^ 1 B. vulf/aris, Walt. Car. 120 ; Michx. Fl. i. 205. B. vul- 
 garis, var. Canadensis, Ait. Kew. i. 479. B. emarginata, Willd. Enum. 395, which seems not 
 to be Siberian 7 B. crenulata (excl. syn. Bigel.) & B. emarginata^ Schlecht. 1. c. 362, 
 372. — Common in the Alleghauies, along streams, Virginia to border of Georgia."^ (Not 
 Canadian !) 
 
 B. Fendleri, Gray. Low : veruicose purplish branchlets and leaves lucid : otherwise like 
 preceding, but flowers larger and petals entire. — PI. Fendl. 5 ; Kothrock in Wheeler, Kep. 
 vi. 60. — New Mexico, uear Santa Fe and eastward, Fendler, Bigelow, Rolhrock ; also on tlie 
 Kio Grande in S. Colorado, Brandegee. 
 
 § 2. Mahonia, Torr. & Gray. Leaves evergreen, all evolute (none reduced 
 to spines) and 3-several-foliolate, the petiole or rhachis articulated at the inser- 
 tion of the leaflets. — Mahonia, Nutt. Gen. i. 211. Odostemon, Raf. " Florula 
 Missurica," Am. Month. Mag. 1818, 265, & Med. Fl. ii. 247. 
 
 * Leaves palmately 3-foliolate and no articulation of petiole below : bud-scales short and 
 small, somewhat persistent on the axillary spurs, which bear fascicles rather than racemes; 
 filaments toothless : berries red, acidulous, edible. — § Trilicina, Gray, Gen. 111. i. 80. 
 
 B. trifoliolata, Moricand. (Algeritas or Currants of Texans.) Shrub 2 to 8 feet 
 high, rigid : leaflets rigid and coriaceous, sessile on the apex of the petiole, oblong or 
 lanceolate, 3-7-lobed or toothed, the teeth and tip spinescent : flowers saffron-scented : 
 berries globose, the size of peas. — PI. Nouv. Am. \ 13, t. 69 ; (iray, PI. Lindh. ii. 142 ; Lindl. 
 & I'axt. Fl. (Jard. ii. 68, f. 168. Perliaps B. trifolinta, Ilartw. ex Lindl. Bot. Keg. xxvii. 
 Mi.sc. 149, & xxxi. t. 10 ; Fl. Serres, i. t. 56. B. ilicifoUa & B. Rameriana, Scheele, Linnaa, 
 xxi. 591, & xxii. 352. — Common in Texas, from the coast to the upper country, first coll. 
 by Berlandier; fl. February, March. (Adj. Mex.) There is a palmately trifoliolate species 
 much like this, but with generally broader leaflets, and with bidentate filaments and blue 
 berries. It is no. 14 of coll. Palmer, south of Saltillo, referred by Watson to B. Sliiedeann, 
 Schlecht. {Mahonia trifolia, Cham. & Schlecht.) : to this B. trifoliata, llartw,, raised from 
 seeds gathered between Zacatecas and San Luis Potosi, and figured as above, may Ijelong; 
 but char, of filaments and fruit not determined. 
 
 * * Leaves pinnately 3-1 7-foliolate, when reduced to 3 leaflets, always having an articula- 
 tion where a mi.ssing pair of leaflets would be: bud-scales ovate or roundish, deciduous: 
 flowers in erect and coinmonly fascicled racemes : filaments with a pair of divergent or 
 recurved teeth near the apex : berries blue or rather black with a glaucous bloom 
 
 •h- Fruit becoming dry at maturity and inflated, globose: inflorescence loose. 
 
 1 Not of Mill. Diet. ed. 8, no. 2,>A; Hook. f. & .Jackson, Ind. Kew. i. 292. 
 
 2 ALso Shannon Co., .Missouri, Bush; not common. 
 
Berbtris. BEUHEUI 1) ACE.K. 
 
 B.* Fremontii, Tobu. Shrub 5 to \-l feet high : leaflets 3 to 7, rigidly coriat^eoiw, ovaU- t4i 
 .)l)lol)^^ nut over iiicii loug, rcpaiully «>r siiiuately l-4-toolhed on ea*-h margin, strongly 
 spiucticent ; lowest pair or an articulation close to b.ise of petiole: racemes loosely 3-7- 
 (iowered : pedicels .slender; bractk-ts small or minule, lanceolate, acuminate, bruw'n and 
 more or less scarious: berries at first blue, becoming dry and inflated to half inch in 
 diameter, 6-8-seeded. — Hot. Mex. IJonnd. 30 (char, filaments iuappeudiculate incorrect) ; 
 Gray, Bot. Ives Hep. 5; Wat. Bot. King Exp. 41G.» — Arid region, W. Texa.s to S. liah 
 and Arizona, first coll. by Fremont. (Adj. Mex. in Souora, and Lower Calif.; 
 •»— -<— Fruit white or nearly ho, large, juicy. 
 
 B.* Swazeyi, Buckl. Shrub with evergreen leaves much aa in preceding bni wjiii 1. ui. ts 
 more elliptical, less stoutly spiny and wilii veins more closely reticuLited and proniim nt 
 upon both surfaces : bractlets small but foliaceous, ovate or sul)orl)icular : fruit white, traiw- 
 lucent with a pale reddish tinge, nearly half inch in diameter, of plesiaant acid tasto. — 
 Southern Horticulturist, ii. 14 (as B. Sivuxe;/ii) ; Rural Alabamian, i. 479; Young, Fl.Tex. 
 1.52; Coulter, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. ii. 10; riank,(iard. & For. vi. 332. — Limestuno 
 hills, near the Perdalcs Kiver, Hays Co., W. Texas, BucUei/, and again iu Hays Co., Flank. 
 H— -t— H— Fruit unknown : leaflets small and few : inflorescence loose. 
 
 B. Nevinii, Gray, n. sp. Leaflets 3 to 7, oblong-lanceolate, rather evenly and numerously 
 
 spinulose-serrulate, half to full inch long, obscurely reticulated ; lowest pair toward base of 
 
 petiole : raceme loosely 5-7-flowered, e(|ualling or surpa-ssing the leaves • pedicels slenrler. — 
 
 S. California, near Los Angeles, Ncvin. Shrub 7 or 8 feet high, on a sandy plain. 
 
 •I— H— -I— -i— Berries juicy, ovoid, black or blue with a coj)iou8 white bloom, called by 
 
 Californian Mexicans Lena Amarilla, au<\ northward Oregon Gm/w: leaflets ovate to 
 
 oblong, usually 2 or 3 inches long : racemes commonly fascicled at summit of stem or iu 
 
 axils, subsessile, dense and numerously flowered ; pedicels rather short. 
 
 B. pinnata, Lag. Shrub 3 to 6 feet high, very leafy • leaflets 5 to 9 or sometimes 11 to 1 7, 
 lucid above, scarcely paler beneath, repand-dentate and the tcetii aristjitely spinescent ; lowest 
 pair close to base of petiole. — " Elencli. Hurt. Madr. (1803) 6," Nov. (Jen. & Spec. (181C) 
 14; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 51 ; Bcnth. PI. Ilartw. 296; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 1."); per- 
 haj)S also Don, But. Keg. t. 702, not HBK. of Mexico. Mahonin fascicularis, DC. Syst. 
 ii. 19, as to plant from Monterey, & Delcss. Ic. Sel. ii. t 3. — Common through W. Califor- 
 nia from San Francisco Bay to Monterey (where first coU. by Nee), and southward. 
 
 B.* dictyota, Jepson'. Leaflets 5 to 7, thicker, paler, and less crowded tlian in tlie last, dull 
 or scarcely lucid above, much paler and glaucous beneath, rather prominently reticulated ; 
 spinose teeth stout, mostly less immerous: flowers in dense panicle. — Bull. Torr. Club, 
 xviii. 319. — Marysville Buttes, Calif., Jepson, Blankinship ; San Diego, Palmpr, CUvrland. 
 The fruit of the California plants is .still unknown. B. Wilroxii, Britton & Kearney (Tran.<. 
 N. Y. Acad, ^-i xiv. 29), from the Huachnca Mts., Arizona, so do.sely resembles this sjiecies 
 in foliage and flowers that it can scarcely be maintained without further distinctions, which 
 may appear as both plants are better known. The Arizona jjlant has Idue-black l>erries with 
 a copious bloom. It differs from the California specimens from Marysville Buttes only in 
 having slightly thinner and more finely reticulated leaves and more acute bracts. The 
 s])ecimens from San Diego are in some respects intermediate. 
 
 B. Aquifolium, Flrsh. Shrul) 1 to 5 feet high : leaflets 5 to 11, commonly thin-coriaceous 
 and elongated-f)blong (2 to 4 inches long), numerou.sly spinulose-dentate, bright green and 
 lucid ; lowest pair at some distance from base of petiole. — Fl. i. 219, in i)art, & t. 4, mainly ; 
 Hook. Fl. Bo,r.-Am.4. 29, partly ; Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1425; T(.rr. & Gray, 1. c. .50. partly. 
 B. pinnata, Lag. 1. c. as to Nutka ]jI. ; Don, Bot. Reg. t. 702 1 Hook. I. c. 28. Mnlmuui 
 Aquifolium, DC. Syst. ii. 20, mainly. — Coast of Gregon to Brit. Columbia, and e;istward to 
 near the sources of the Columbia, in hilly woods. 
 
 B. repens, Lixdl.^ Dwarf, depressed oi» prostrate, rarely rising over a foot high : leaflets 
 3 to 7, oval to oblong, mostly with obtuse or rounded apex, pale or glaucous, not lucid, 
 
 1 And in Gard. & For. i. 496, f. 77. Dr. Gray's description of this 8pecit%-* has been slightly ampli- 
 fied to exclude more clearly the following evidently distinct species. 
 
 2 The form of the Pacific Slope attributed to tliis siu'.-ics has somewhat tliicker ilullcr Icnve^. 
 It li,-is been characterized 1> !''"i' Cr,-,,,,. M'itinni-,. ii. I'.n :i^ Ii. rrMii a. an<l is said not to bo 
 
70 BKltlSKUIDACE.E. . Berber^. 
 
 numerously Init r.ither weakly siiinulnse doiitate; lowest pair dlstaut from base of petiole. — 
 
 Bot. Keg.t. 11 7G, ^^c Jourii. llort. Soc. v. 17; Lodil. Hot. Cab. t. 1847; Brew. & Wats. 
 
 Bot. Calif, i. 14. B. ncrcosa, I'ur.sh, Fl. t. 5, as to flowers only. B. pinmila, Mulil. Cat. 3G. 
 
 B. AquifoUum, Pursli, 1. c 219, mainly as to descr. ; also Hook. 1. c. 29; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 
 
 as to glaiuous form; Gray, 1*1. Fendl. 5, &,c. B. Aijui/oliitin, vnr. rejiens, Ton: & (>ray, 
 
 Pacif. li. Kep. iv. 63, &c.^ Mahonia AquifoUum, Nutt. Gen. i. 212, & Jour. Acad. Pliilad. 
 
 vii. 11. — Koeky Mountains and Brit. Columbia from lat. 55° to northern part of Sierra 
 
 ]S'evada of California and to New Mexico, eastward to Wyomiug.'- 
 
 * * * Leaves piunately 13-1 7-foliolate; bud-scales large, coriaceo-glumaceous and persist- 
 ent : racemes few from the bud or solitary, erect, elongated : fihinicnts toothless . berries 
 black or dark purple with a copious bloom. 
 
 B. nervosa, Puksh. Simple stems rising only a few inches above ground: leaves elongated, 
 often a foot or more long, with conspicuously uodose articulations: leaflets glaucescent, 
 thick-coriaceous, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, somewhat nervose-veiny, spinulose dentate ; lowest 
 pair above base of petiole : scales of the strong terminal bud about iiuii long, lanceolate 
 from a broad base and cuspidate-attenuate, striolate : ])edicels shorter tlian the glolfose juicy 
 berries. — Fl. i. 219, t. 5, excl. flowering portion ; Hook. 1. c. ; Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. ser. 2, 
 t. 171 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 51 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3949. B. gluir.acea. Spreng. Syst. ii. 120 ; 
 Lindl. 1. c. t. 1426; Lodd. 1. c. t. 1701. Maltonia nervosa (Xutt. (ien. i. 212), & M. ijlumacca, 
 DC. Syst. ii. 20,21. — In woods, Oregon, Washington, and Brit. Columbia; fl. early spring, 
 fr. May, June. 
 
 2. CAULOPH"^LLUM, Michx, Blue Cohosh. (KauAo?, stem, 4>v\Xcv, 
 leaf, the stem seeming like a stalk to the large compound leuf.) — Fl. i. 204, 
 t. 21 ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 43. — Single species. 
 
 C. thalictroides, Michx. 1. c. 205. Glaucescent herb, with simi)le stems a foot or two high 
 from a thickened knotty rootstock, naked below, bearing toward the top a se.ssile 3-ternate 
 leaf, the jirimary petiolules of which are as thick as the continuation of the stem and en- 
 larged at the common insertion ; above commonly a second and smaller 2-ternate, and even 
 a tliird small and less compound leaf; leaflets cuneate-obovate or olilong, very veiny, ter- 
 minal 3-lobed at summit and the lateral 2-lobed, and sometimes incised : flowers in small 
 and loose terminal and axillary cymo.'^e clusters or panicles, yellowish green and lurid 
 purplish, small : ovary bursting and falling away as the seeds form ; the latter as large as 
 peas, berry-like, blue with a bloom. — Pur.sh, Fl. i. 218; Kaf. Med. Fl. i. 97, f. 19; Gray, 
 Man. ed. 5, 53. Leontice thalictroides, L. Spec. i. 312 ; K. Br. Trans. Linn. Soc. xii. 145, t. 7 ; 
 Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1473 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 52 ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 82, t. 32.3 Actaia brachi/- 
 petala, var. ccerulea, DC. Syst. i. 385. — Woods in rich soil, New Brunswick and Canada as 
 far as the Great Lakes,* south to Missouri, Kentucky, and mountains of Carolina; ii. s]iriiig, 
 fr. autumn. (Japan & Anuir.) 
 
 3. ACHLYS, DC. ('AxXi^'s, the goddess of obscurity, says DC.) — Syst. 
 ii. 35 ; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 30, t. 12 ; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 376 ; Baill. 
 Hist. PI. iii. 60, 75. — Consists of the following species and one in Japan very 
 like it. 
 
 A. triph^^Ua, DC. 1. c Herb with filiform creejiing rootstocks, terminated ]>y a strong and 
 scaly winter bud, whence proceed in spring one or two long petioles bearing on the apex 
 3 ample flabelliform and sinuate-dentate leaflets ; also a leafless scape terminated by a slender 
 
 at all sarraentose. The material of this form in eastern collections is nnforttuiately limited and 
 fragmentary. 
 
 1 Add syn. B. XiUkann, Kearney, Trans. N. Y. A#ad. Si'i. xiv. 29. One of Li'wis's original speci- 
 mens from the Columbia River and now in the herbarium of the Philadelpliia Acad. Nat. Sci. has 
 certainly the lucid acute leaflets of B. Aqidfnlium as ordinarily interpreted. 
 
 2 A round-leaved form from Bellemoiit, Nebraska, has been collected by Webber. 
 
 3 Fnerste. Bull. Torr. Club. xiv. 139, where some formal variations are indicated; Lloyd Brcs. 
 Am. Drugs & Med. ii. 141-162. 
 
 4 Westward to Cass Co., Nebraska, ace. to Swezev, Bull. Torr. Club, xix. 94. 
 
Jejfcrsunia. IJEUIJElilDACEiK. 71 
 
 deiiyely flowered nakcil 8])ike ; tlio wliile lilaiiieutH ami Hinall ovary making up : 
 flower; nut-like fruit barely 3 linos long. — Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. .VI; Brew. & \\ 
 Calif, i. IC. lAuiiticc triiild/l'la. Smith in Kees, ("yd. xx. no. 1. — WomU, Brit. C.<iimii.,.i i.. 
 northern part of Califurnia, near the coa.st ; fl. sprinj^. 
 
 4. VANC0UV:£RIA, Morr. & Deesue. {Cupt. Geor;/e Vancouver, 
 commander of the Discovery iu the voyage to our northwest coast in 1701-95, 
 of which Menzies was surgeon and botanist.) — Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, ii. 'J51 ; 
 Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 52; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 44; Gray. 1. c. 375; Hrew. 
 & Wats. I.e. 15. — Three species of the Pacific Slojje. [Revised by H. L. 
 Robinson.] 
 
 ♦ Leaves thin, nienibranaceous, soon perishing after the m.iturinp of the fruit, tlieir edppu 
 flat or nearly so, not indurated. 
 
 v.* hexandra, Mokr. & Decsnk, 1. e. About a foot liigh, from f^lender and lignps<-ent 
 creeping root-stocks, glabrous or sparsely pilo.se : leaves all or mostly radical, ."J-ternate and 
 with slender common and partial petioles: leaflets rounded and cord.ite or sul.conbt*. 
 mostly angulately .3-lobed or repand and margin oliscurcly undiilate-crenulate or entire : scape 
 naked, or sometimes oue-leaved at ba,se of the simple or liranchcd loose pauide ; pediceU 
 filiform, recurving: flowers white or cream-colored. — Garden, xxx. 263, fig. '. V. /ilnni- 
 petala, S. Calloni, iMalpighia, i. 266. Ei>imedlum hernndrum. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i.30,t. 13, 
 dissections not very good. — In coniferous woods near the coast, Brit. Columbia (Vancouver 
 Island) to Northern and Central California, first coll. by Menzies ; fl. spring. 
 
 * # Leaves much thicker, somewhat coriaceous, narrowly cartilaginous-margined, often 
 crenulate or crisped at the edges, persisting. 
 
 v.* chrysantha, Greene. Stems rusty villous pubescent, firmer th.in in the preceding: 
 tliickish leaflets sub-3-lobcd, glabrous and reticulated above, whitened and pubescent beneatli. 
 margins only slightly crisped, revoluto iu places: inflorescence sub-racemose, .5-18-flowored. 
 covered with dense dark glandular pulie.scence : flowers a little larger than in the last, golden 
 yellow : sepals 3 or 4 lines long : ovules 7 or 8. — Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. i. 66. 1'. hfjr.tu.lra. 
 var. chri/snntha, Greene, Pittonia, ii. 100. V. aurea, Greene (uhi?) ace. to Kattan, Au.il. Key, 
 17. K hexandra, var. anrea, Rattan, 1. c. ; Wats.,./jf/e Howell, Cat. I'l. Oreg. 1. — Oregon, 
 at Waldo. Rotta,,, and Coast Mts., Curry Co., T. Howell. A weU marked species readily 
 distinguished from the preceding by its thicker foliage and larger more deeply colored 
 corolla, from the following by its very different flowers as well as pubescence. 
 
 v.* parviflora, Greene. Rootstock much-branched : stems numerous in groups : foliage 
 much as in the preceding ; leaflets more or less 3-lobed or suborbicular, more di.stinctly 
 crenulate-crisped : inflorescence more paniculately branched with flowers commonly imuh 
 more numerous (2.5 to 35 or more), scarcely half as large : ovules but 2 or 3. — Pittonia. ii. 
 100. V. hexandra, Brew. & Wats. 1. c, in part. — Abundant upon hillsides, Central Cali- 
 fornia, Bifjelow, Anderson, Bolander, Greene, &c. 
 
 5. JEFFERS6NIA, Barton. Twin-Leaf. {TJiomas Jefferson, author 
 of Notes on Virginia, originator of the first expedition across the Rocky :\Ioun- 
 taius to the Pacific.) — Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. iii. 342. and plate; Michx. Fl. 
 i. 236; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 85, t. 34. — Single Atlantic-American species, but 
 /. dubia, Plrifjlorhegma duhiiim, Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur. 34. t. 2, of N. E. Asia, 
 is almost certaiuly another. 
 
 J.* binata, Barton, 1. c.^ Glauccscent and glabrous, tufted from short matted nK.t.«t.ick8. 
 producing below innumerable fibrous roots, sending up simple one-flowered naked wape. 
 (4 or in fruit 8 to 10 inches high), these at length overtopped by the l..ng nidical iM-tiolo... 
 which bear a pair of sessile semi-cordate (either siuuate-lohulate, repand or entire) vemy 
 
 1 Name altered from ./. diphi/lla, ace. to Dr. Omy's statement in ms. that Bar' 
 have been retained, and in acconlance with the recently published Index Ketcennf. 
 
72 15EUBEU1DACE.E. Dip/u/Ilcki. 
 
 leaflets : flower white ; fruit obovate or rather uru-shaped, thick-walled aud at maturity 
 coriaceous, transversely dehiscent about two tiiirds way rouud above the middle, the persist- 
 cut top forming a lid. — J. dipltylla, Pers. Syn. i. 418; Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1513; Lodd. Bot. 
 Cab. t. 10.36; Gray, I.e. 86, t. 34. ./. Bartonis, Michx. Fl. i. 237; Kaf. Med. Fl. ii. II, f. 5.5, 
 with J. odorula & J. lubitta, tiie latter (also Nutt. Jour. Acad. Philad. vii. 99) with outer 
 margin of leaflets siuuate-Iobed. /'odo//liijlliun diphi/llum, L. ii]>(iv. i. 505. — Kich and moist 
 soil in woodi?, X. New Yoric to Illinois ^ and adjacent Canada, south to Virginia and Ten- 
 nessee, mainly along the mountains; fl. early spring. Also called Kheumatisji-uoot. 
 
 6. DIPHYLLEIA, Michx. (At's, double, and <l>vWov, leaf.) — Fl. i. 203, 
 t. 19, 20; Gray, Geu. 111. i. 83, t. 33. — Single species; for the B. Gnuji, F. 
 Schmidt, of Suchalin aud Japan, seems to be no more than a variety, with some 
 pubescence on the leaves. 
 
 D. cymosa, Micnx. l. c. Eootstock horizontal aud with large contiguous scars on upper 
 side left by annual growths: stout flowering stem a foot or two high, above bearing two 
 alternate approximate petiolate leaves aud terminated by a small corymbiform cyme of 
 white flowers : leaves thin, very veiny, accrescent, at first 5 or 6 inches, at length a foot or 
 two wide, with acutely denticulate margins ; cauline with shallow basal and deep central 
 sinus, very excentrically peltate ; large radical ceutrally peltate and more equally 9-13-lobed : 
 berries as big as peas, blue or black-purple with a bloom. — Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1666; Pursh, 
 Fl. i. 218; DC. Syst. ii. 30; Gray, 1. c. 84, t. 33, & Am. Jour. Sci. xlii. 23.-— Springy 
 ground in woods, higher mouutains of Virginia, Carolina, and E. Tennessee; fl. sj)ring. 
 (N. E. Asia.) 
 
 7. PODOPH"^LLUM, L. May-apple, Mandrake. {Uov^, foot, and 
 (f>v\Xov, leaf, probably in reference to the very large footstock of the radical 
 leaves.) — Eobust perennial herbs (Atlantic N. Amer. and Asiatic, in 3 or 4 
 species), with strong running rootstocks, sending up in spring single centrally 
 peltate leaves from an undeveloped stem, also mostly 2-leaved one-flowered stems 
 with their leaves very eccentrically peltate : flower large, mostly white : woody 
 bundles in stem scattered. — Syst. Nat. ed. 1, & Gen. no. 426; Gray, Gen. 111. 
 i. 87, t. 35, 36. Anapodophyllum, Tourn. Inst. 239, t. 122. 
 
 P. peltatum, L. Kadical leaf of sterile shoots with petiole a foot or more high, about 
 tMjually 7-9-parted into ol)long-cuneate and emarginate divisions; leaves of flowering stem a 
 pair at summit, with a short-peduucled flower between them: stamens 12 to 18: pulpy 
 fruit ovoid, nearly 2 inches long : sometimes flowering stem leafless, a naked scajie ; some- 
 times 3 alternate leaves or 2 uuequal ones, the smaller 2-3-lobed, sometimes 2 or 3 addi- 
 tional carpels ! — Spec. i. 505 ; Michx. Fl. i. 309 ; Lam. 111. t. 449 ; Bigel. Med. Bot. ii. .54, 
 t. 23; Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1819; Gray, 1. c. 88, t. 35, 36; Porter, Bot. Gaz. ii. 117, with 
 figures of variaticma.'^ P. mnntanum & P. cnJJicarjmtii, Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 59, 60. Aiutpodo- 
 phi/llttm ]>elt(itiiiii, Ma'uch, Meth. 277. — Low and alluvial ground, borders of Canada to 
 Minnesota, Missouri, E. Texas, and Florida. (Japan ?) 
 
 Order VI. NYMPHiEACE^. 
 
 By a. Guav ; tliC genus IViiphar by B. L. Robin'son. 
 
 Aquatic perennial herbs ; with naked and one-flowered scapes or peduncles, 
 commonly peltate leaves which are involute in the bud ; hermaphrodite flowers, 
 with the floral envelopes commonly in threes or fours, or indefinitely numerous, 
 
 1 Wisconsin, Lapham. 2 Add Lloyd Bros. Am. Drugs & Med. ii. 120, 121. 
 
 3 Also Foerstc, Bull. Terr. Club, xi. 02. 
 
nymi'iij:a("1-:.k. 73 
 
 rtnd imbricated; carpels either apocarpous or syiicarpoiis ; ovules aiiatnjpous 
 and when more than one not borne on tlie ventral suture ; embryo hinall and 
 enclosed in a close sac at the base of the lieshy albumen, or the latter waniinj,' in 
 the anomalous Nelumbium. Rootstocks apparently endogenous rather than 
 exogenous in structure. The Wateu-liliks are of three suborders, of \vhi«h 
 the first is most simple. 
 
 SUBORDKK L CABOMBEiE. Sepals and petals each W ((.(•casioiialiy t) aii.l p.r- 
 sistent : stamens :} to IS, and carpels 2 to 18, ail fr.M- and dislinet; no evidi-nt 
 disk. Carpels in fruit iiidebiscent, somewhat nut-like, L'-ovuli-d and I'-seeded on 
 the sides or on the ilorsal suture, or when ;j-seeded one usually on or near the 
 ventral suture. Flowers small. 
 
 1. CABOMBA. Petals I.i-aiiiiciilate at ba-se aliove a very short claw. Stamens ;us nianv sw 
 petals and sojials, ami njiposite them: anthers short, adnate, extrorsc. Caritels 2 <i"r :j. 
 Stiijma small ami terminal on a short style, depressed or globular. Submi-r.scd K-iive.s 
 eapillary-multifid and opposite or verticellate. 
 
 2. BRASENIA. Petals narrow and plane. Stamens .3 or 4 times as manv : anthers linear- 
 olilong, innate. Carpels 4 to 18, generally capitate-crowded. Stigma sessile. and large, 
 oblong, unilateral. Leaves alternate and entire. 
 
 SuBORDKU ir. XELUMIiOXE.E. Sepals and petals indefinitely num.-ruus and i.a.s.s- 
 iiig- the one into the otlier, regidarly indn-icated, liypogynoiis, inner succe.ssively 
 larger and more colored, promptly deciduous. Stamens indefiiutely numerou.s, 
 hypogynous: anthers linear, slightly extrorse, the connective pivdonged into an 
 incurved appendage. Carpels several (15 to 8(») imm'ersed sei)arately in an 
 obconical enlargement of the receptacle; ovary globular, with very short style and 
 depressed umbilicate ternnual stigma; ovule solitary (rarely a pair) susi*>onded. 
 Fruit an acorn-like nut. Seed exalbuminous, filled by the highly <leveloited 
 embryo; cotyledons thick and farinaceous-fieshy, uinted by the oksolete caulicle, 
 enclosing a plumule of two or three developing leaves, from the first node of 
 which in germination proceed the earliest roots. 
 
 3. NELUMBO. The only genus. 
 
 Suborder TIT. NYMPII^EACE.E propkr. Sepals 4 to G. Petals numerous, some- 
 times reduced to or resembling stanunodes or innermost passing gradually into 
 stamens, mostly marcescent or decaying away. Stamens very numerous: anthers 
 adnate, introrse. Carpels .several, more or le.ss uiuted into .several-celled coini)ound 
 ovary, which bears indefinitely numerous ovules upon the ovarian walls. Stigma-s 
 sessile and radiate. Fruit coriaceou.s-baccate, many-seeded. Seed and embryo as 
 in character of the order. Acaulescent from .stout rootstocks, commonly slightly 
 lactescent. Stipules intrafoliaceous and united, sometimes adnate to ba.se t>f 
 petiole. 
 
 4. NYMPH^A. Sepals and jietiils 4 nienuis in nnmemns ranks, an-l stamens inrlefinitely 
 numerous passing into each oilier successively. Scj)als 4, piano, hyi>ogynous, herl>acp<iu.« 
 ou the outer and somewhat petaloid on the inner face. Petals ])lano. those of the oiUcnixwt 
 row often greenish outside, all olilong or lanceolate, imbricated over and their Iijum's aiin.it<) 
 to the surface of the 7-.'?.')-celled ovary; innermost staminodos or imperfect stamens with 
 petaloid filaments. True stamens with narrow filaments and linear-oblong anthers. insiTto<l 
 around the broad summit of the ovary. This concave ami tunbonate, lincate with ju* in:iny 
 radiate stigmatic lines as there are carpels, the tips of the latter jiroducod into a» main- 
 incurved short processes. Surface of the spongy-baccate fruit bearing the ba.«cs of decaying 
 sejials or their scars. Seeds enclo.sed in cellular nu-mbranaceous .-irillus. 
 
 6. NUPHAR. Sepals .5 to 12, concave, roundish, mostly yellow and pofiih>id except gn-onixh 
 base or outside, coriaceous, persistent. Petals 10 to 20, hyiKjgyuous, small and thick, the 
 
74 NYMPHiEACEiE. Cabomba. 
 
 iunennost or sometimes all of them like stamiuodes. Stamens hypogyuous, uuiuerous aud 
 densely iiiibritated over tlie receptacle aud arouud the ovary, at length recurving, rigid aud 
 persistent: filaments very short; anthers linear ; apex covered by the glandular truncate 
 tip of the connective. Stigmas radiate upon tlie truncate summit of the 10-25-celled ovary. 
 Fruit corticate-baccate, naked. Seeds uot arillate. 
 
 1. CABOMBA, Aiiblet. (An aboriginal or unmeaning name.) — Slender, 
 mainly submersed, with capillary-dissected mostly opposite leaves, a few simple 
 peltate floating leaves and emersed flowers from their axils. — Hist. Guian. i. 321, 
 t. 124; Rich. Analyse du Fruit, 46, 60, & Ann. Mus. xvii. 230, t. 5; Torr. & 
 Gray, Fl. i. 54 ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 93, t. 38; Gasp. Fl. Bras. iv. pt. 2, 138, t. 37. 
 Nectris, Schreb. Gen. no. 610. — The following with three similar S. Ameri- 
 can species. 
 
 C. Caroliniana, Gray. Floating leaves oblong-liuear, obovate linear, or elongated-oblong, 
 oftcu with a basal uotcli : flowers white, a pair of yellow spots on base of each petal: 
 stamens 6; anthers oval: seeds costate aud the ribs muriculate. — Ann. Lye. N. Y. iv. 
 47 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. ; Gardner in Hook. Ic. vii. 642 ; Gray, 1. c. 94, t. .38. C. Attbletii, 
 Michx. Fl. i. 206, as to N. Am. PI. C. aqitatica, DC. Syst. ii. 36, in part. Nerti'is peltatn, 
 Pursh, Fl. i. 2.39. JV. aquatica, Nutt. Gen. i. 2.30; Ell. Sk. i. 416. — Stagnant waters, 
 N. Carolina in the low country aud S. Illinois^ to Florida aud Texas. (Cuba '.) 
 
 2. BRASENIA, Schreb. Water-shield. (Unexplained, perhaps named 
 for some obscure botanist.) — Gen. no. 938 ; Nutt. Gen. ii. 23 ; Gray, Gen. 111. 
 i. 95, t. 39. Hydropeltis, Michx. Fl. i. 323, t. 29; Rich. Ann. Mus. xvii. 230; 
 DC. Syst. ii. 37. — Single species, of wonderful distribution. 
 
 B.* Schreberi, Gmel. Leaves alternate, submersed (if any) unknoT\Ti ; floating ones oval, 
 centrally peltate, entire ( 1 to 4 inches long) : flowers dull aud dark purple : stems, peduncles, 
 &c. coated with a transparent jelly. — Syst. Veg. i. 853; Hook. f. & Jackson, Ind. Kew. i. 
 333. B. peltata, Pursh, Fl. ii. 389; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. .55 ; Gray,l. c. 96, t. 39, and in ms. 
 of present work. The change to Gmelin's earlier name, evidently overlooked by Dr. (jray, 
 is in entire accord -mth his own practice. B. Hi/dropettis, Muhl. Cat. 55 ; Paf. Med. Fl. i. 90, 
 f. 17. B. nymphuides, Paill. Hist. PI. iii. 82.'-' ' Menyanthes pellata, Thunb. Nov. Act. Uj)S. 
 vii. 142, t. 4. M. nijmphoides, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 82. Ilydropeltis purpurea, Michx. 1. c. 324 ; 
 Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1147 ; DC. 1. c. 38. //. pulla, Salisb. Aun. Bot. ii. 74. Villarsia peltata, 
 Rcem. & Schult. Syst. iv. 178. Limnanthemum peltatum, Gri.seb. Gent. 348, & in DC. Prodr. ix. 
 1 41 . Cabomba peltata, F. Muell. PI. Vict. 15. — In still water, Nova Scotia and Cauada, along 
 the Great Lakes to Minnesota and south to Texas; also Brit. Columbia to California; 
 fl. summer. (Mex. & Cuba, Japan to Khasia, E. Australia, W. Trop. Africa.) 
 
 3. NELtJTMBO, Tourn., Adans. (Ceylonese name of the E. Indian species, 
 tlie Sacred Bean.) — Perennial by slender creeping rootstocks, some internodes 
 of which enlarge into a farinaceous propagating tuber with only a terminal bud, 
 sending up very large orbicular and centrally peltate entire leaves on long and 
 stout petioles, the upper face concave, and a scape bearing a very large flower : 
 seed and tubers edible. — Tourn. Inst. i. 261 ; Adans. F'am. ii. 76; Gajrtn. Fruct. 
 i. 73, t. 19; Casp. in Miq. Ann. Mus. Bet. Lugd.-Bat. ii. 242, «fc Fl. Bras. iv. 
 pt. 2, 134. Nehimhium, .luss. Gen. 68; Turp. Ann. Mus. Par. vii. 210, t. 11 ; 
 Rich. ibid. xvii. 249, t. 5 ; DC., Endl., Beuth. & Hook, (all freely adopting 
 Nef/undo). Ci/mnus, Salisb. Ann. Bot. ii. 75. — Two species, the Asiatic N. nu- 
 cifera, Ga?rtn., with white or rose-colored flowers and 
 
 1 Dunklin Co., Missouri, Bush. 
 
 '^ Add syn. B. purpurea, Casp. in Engl. & Prautl. Nat. Pflanzcnf. iii. Ab. 2, 6. 
 
Nymphaa. NVMl'lI.KACK.K. 75 
 
 N. lutea, Peks. (Watek Chinquapin, Wankai-in.) IVtalM piile <.r diiif^y yeU<.w, ol.iu«e : 
 aiither-tip liueardavate : peduiirles minutely (^r ohsfurdy iiiurii-iilatc ami |>elitiles littlo 
 mure so: leaves usually raised hif,'li out of water, a foot or two iu (liaiiietcr, on petiole a 
 to G feet loug. — Syn. ii. 92; ('asp. 1. c. 1.34; Haill. Hisf. I'l. iii. 79, f. 79-Kl.l X,lumbiun, 
 luleiim, Willd. Spec. ii. 1-259; Miclix. FI. i. 317; DC. Syst. ii. 46; Torr. &. Cr.iv, V\. i 50; 
 Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3753; Gray, (Jen. 111. i. 98, t. 40, 41. \. Jamniansi , DC. .Syst. ii. 47. 
 N. speciosum, Ait. f. Kew. ed. 2, iii. 332, iu part. N. />rnliii>(:t<iliim, Willd. 1. c ; DC. 1. c. 47. 
 N. coilo/>/ti///uin, Kaf. Fl. J.,ud. 22; !)(_'. 1. c. Ni/mft/nKi Xilnmio, var., L. Sj>ei-. i. 511. 
 N. Xihtmho & X. )i£utajHt(ihi, Walt. Car. 155, and even also A', renl/unnis, as to the fruit, 
 tliorcfore Nchunhinin nnifurme, Willd. and Cyuinns riiii/urmis, I'ursh. Ci/nmus fhivimmu*, 
 Salisb. 1. c. ; Piirsh, Fl. ii. 398, with C pentapetalus. C\i/amus liileus, IJartou, Fl. Pliilad. 
 ii. 26, & Fl. N. Am. ii. 77, t. 63. — In shallow or rather deep water, S. Connectii-ut-' (prol>- 
 bably of Indian iutruduction), New Jersey, Big Sodus Bay, L. Ontario, and Michigan t<i 
 Minnesota, south to Florida and Texas; 11. summer. (W. Ind., E. S. Am.)^ 
 
 4. NYMPHS A, Tourn. W.vtkr-Lilv. (The classical name, dcdicjited 
 to the water nyiiiplis.) — Thick prostrate and creeiniig or tuberous rootstocks, 
 sending up long petioles and scapes; the rounded leaves with deep sinus at ba.se. 
 Flowers showy, mostly fragrant, and opening at or before dawn day after dav, 
 closing toward evening, commonly produced all summer; the fruit maturing 
 under water. —Inst. 2G0, t. 137, 138; L. Gen. no. 421; Smith, Pro<lr. Fl. 
 Graec. i. 3C0, &g. Castalia, Salisb. Farad. Lond. 14, & Ann. Bot. ii. 71.'* 
 
 § 1. Carpels uncombined, except dorsally with the common parietes of tiiu 
 compound pistil, and ventrally with the axis. — § Lytopleura, Casp. 
 
 N. ampla, DC. Eootstocks short and tuheriferous : leaves of orbicular or round oval out- 
 line, acutely dentate, thickish, very prominently costate and reticulate-veiny underneath: 
 petals white, lanceolate-oblong, 2 or 3 inches long : connective of anthers prolonged into a 
 linear tip: fruit much depressed; .seeds very .small, sn])globose (half line long). — Syst ii. 
 54 (mainly) ; Hook. Bot, Mag. t. 4469, Gray, PI. Wriglit. i. 7 ; Ca.sp. 1. c. 156, t. 28-30.' — 
 Southern borders of Texas, Wright. (Adj. Mex. and \v. Iinl. to Brasil.) 
 
 § 2. Carpels combined throughout into a many-celled compound ovary. — § Syni- 
 phytopleiira, Casp. 
 
 * Flowers tinged with blue or violet : connective of tlie outer ajithers jiroduced into an 
 oblong appendage. 
 N. elegans, IIook. Petioles and scapes slender, from a short rootstock : leaves entire or 
 barely ropand (3 to 6 inches long) of broadly oval or roundish outline with verv narrow 
 sagittiform sinus and basal terminations slightly or not at all jxanted : petals ovate-lanceo- 
 lnte, hardly incli and a half long : stamens a])parcntly in jihalanges ( Hook.) : stigmatic rav.s 
 ah.iut 15, the radiate appendages very sliort.— Bot. Mag. t. 4604, not Ilemsl. Biol. Cent. 
 ^Vm. Bot. for the plant of Bourgeau must be N. Mexlrana, Zucc. ^V. Mf.ririitui f Cm. 
 PI. AVright. i. 7, not Zucc.'' — W. Texas, in a pond near tiie head of the Leona, Wriijlii."' 
 (Monterey, Mex., Bedamlier?) 
 
 1 Also Gray, Bull. Torr. Club, xiv. 228. 
 
 2 Since reported from Osterville, Mass., W. G. Farlow, Bull. Torr. CIiil>, xii. 40. 
 
 8 The oriental N. nuci'fkka, Gaertn., witli white or i)ink (lowers, iu^s not infreiiuently Won i<l!>nt«Hl 
 for ornament, and is establislu'd in certain localities in New Jersey. See Sturtevant, Giir<l. & Fur. ii. 
 172, 173. 
 
 4 For full generic synonymy according to strict priority see Greene, Bull. Torr. Club, xiv. STiT, xv. 
 84, and Britten, Jour. Bot. xxvi. 6. Tlie names here retained, however, are those establislu'd by lonjj 
 usage, confirmed by recent publications by the Kew botanists and by Prof. C.ispary in Engl. & I'r.intl. 
 Nat. Pflanzenf. iii.Ab. 2, 1-10. 
 
 5 Add syn. Castalia ampli, Salisb. Ann. Bot. ii. 73. 
 *» Add syn. Castalia eleynns, Greene, 1. c. 85. 
 
 1 Rediscovered near Waco, Texas, liy .W.i.-!>s Tn'mhfv ^: Wvlf/ht. ISSS; see Sterns, Bidl. Torr. 
 Club, XV. 13; also collected in same year near Biowusvillc by C. (J. Prinylc. 
 
76 NYMPH.EACE^. Nyinphcea. 
 
 * * Flowers white varving sometimes to rose-color ; the centre commonly pale yellow : 
 autliers iiiappendiculate ; pollea minutely echinulate : prostrate rootstocks elongated and 
 cylindrical : no stolons: leaves entire, obscurely if at all peltate, generally orbicular with 
 narrow or more open sinus. 
 
 N.* tetragona, Geokgi. Kootstock short, vertical or nearly so, woolly with dark hairs : 
 leaves oval, witli deep but rather open sinus, acutish lobes, and entire margin, usually small, 
 1 .1 to 3 (rarely 6 to 8) inches long, two tliirds as broad : flowers li to 2^ inches in diameter : 
 sepals green outsi<le, oblong lanceolate, often acutish, 1 inch long: petals 8 or 10, white, or 
 faintly marked with purple, a little shorter than the sepals : stamens 3-4-seriate : carpels 
 about 7; the free tips of the stigmas short and blunt. — lieise Russ. Reiche, i. 220. 
 N. pijgmcea. Ait. f. Kew. ed. 2, iii. 293; Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1525. Castulia tetra(jona, Law- 
 son, Trans. Roy. Soc. Canad. vi. Sec. 4, 112; Morong, Mem. Torr. Club, v. 154 ? C. Leibergi 
 (N. Leiberfi't), Morong, Bot. Gaz. xiii. 124, t. 7, as to flower only, the leaves being evidently 
 those of a JVuphar. — Ponds, Kootenai Co., N. Idaho, Ltibenj ; also (ace. to Britton, Trans. 
 N. Y. Acad. ix. 6) in Severn Riv , Keewatin, Canada, J. M. Macoun, and Misiuaibi Riv., 
 Ontario, R. Bdl. (Siberia to India.) 
 
 N. odorata, Ait.^ Rootstock with sparing and persistent branches : leaves floating, com- 
 monly reddish beneath, rarely over 6 or 8 inches in diameter: flowers deliciously fragrant: 
 sepals dull green tinged with purple : petals pure wiiite with sulphur-yellow centre, or not 
 rarely tinged with rose, rarely bright rose-color, oval to oblong-lanceolate, li to 2i inches 
 long : seeds oblong, I to li lines long, stipitate in the arillus. — Kew. ii. 227 ; - Willd. Ilort. 
 Berol t. 39 ; Andr. Bot. Rep. v. t. 297 ; Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 819; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 102, t. 42, 
 43 ; Sprague & Goodale, WQd Flowers, 161, t. 38, N. alba, Walt. Car. 155 ; Michx. Fl. i. 
 311. Castalia puJica, Salisb. Parad. Lond. 14, & Ann. Bot. ii. 72. — In still water, New- 
 foundland to Winnipeg, and south to Florida and Texas. (Cuba.) 
 
 Var. minor, Sims. Leaves only 2 or 3 inches in diameter and often crimson beneath ; 
 petioles and peduncles either glabrous or villous : sepals and petals an inch or two long, 
 varying from pure white to light rose or even bright pink. — Bot. Mag. t. 1G52; Torr. & 
 Gray, Fl. i. 57. N. odorala, var. rosea, Pursh, Fl. ii. 369 ; Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 6708. 
 N. rosea, Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 45. — Shallow water, same range as the larger-flowered, passing 
 freely into it, also from pure white to pale yellow or deep pink-rose. 
 
 N. reniformis, DC. Propagating by easily detacher! oblong tuber-like branches of the 
 rootstock : leaves in shallow water emersed and ascending or erect, rarely purplish beneath, 
 more prominently and copiously ribbed and veiny, the larger a foot or more in diameter 
 flowers odorless or slightly scented: sepals green outside, ratlier dull white within, never 
 rose-tinged : petals elongated-oblong, 2 or 3 inches long : fruit more depressed : seeds globu- 
 lar-ovoid, H lines in diameter, not stipitate in the arillus. — Syst, ii. 55; Deless. Ic. Sel. 
 ii. t. 5, not Walt. N. tuberosa, Paine, Cat. PI. Oneida, 132; Gray, Man. ed. 5, 56; Garden, 
 ■ xxi. 130, t. 325. N. alba, Nutt. Gen. ii. 13 ; Graham, Edin. Kew Phil. Journ. i. 386, var. 
 Canadensis ? 3 — Still and slow-flowing waters. New York and Canada * along the Great 
 Lakes, to Minnesota, Illinois, and prol)al)ly in the S. Atlantic States. 
 
 * * * Flowers yellow : anthers inappendiculate or nearly so ; pollen smooth : root'stocks 
 short, roughened with salient pulvini of fallen leaves, sending off from apex along with 
 leaves and blossoms elongated naked stolons. 
 
 N. flava, Leitner. Leaves of broadly oval outline and with narrow or closed sinus, 3 to 8 
 inches long, commonly crimson-purple beneath ; margin somewhat undulate or repand and 
 
 1 A noteworthy form of this plant, or' perhaps distinct species, has recently been discovered at 
 Eustis, Florida, by G. V. Nash. The leaves are a foot or two in diameter with strongly upturned 
 margins; flowers white, said to be odorless. This form has been confidently identified with N. reni- 
 formis, Walt., by the collector, Bull. Torr. Club, xxii. 147, a disposition in no sense warranted by 
 the brief and wholly dubious characterization of Walter's species. 
 
 2 Exd. Siberian plant of Gmelin, which is N. tetragona, Georgi. Add syn. CastaUa odorata, 
 Woodv. & Wood in Rees, Oycl. vi. no. 1. 
 
 8 Add sjTi. CastaUa tuberosa, Greene, 1. c. 84. 
 
 * Also at Ferrisburgli, Vermont, Braintrd ; and reported from near Trenton, N. J., Abbott, and 
 Meadville, Penn. (see Gard. & For. i. 308, f. 58, 59, & vi. 415, f. 62) ; also near Little Rock, Arkansas, 
 CoviUe. 
 
Nuphar. NVMI'ILKACK.E. 77 
 
 basal lohes not pointed : petals Lri^ht lifjl.t yellow, lan.-eol.ite. 1 \ to 2 inclieH lon^ - Ix-itner 
 inAu(liibou,Einls Ani.t.411.witl.son.e wron^folia-o; ("liapni. F). e<l. 2. 004 • Hook f Hot 
 Mag. t. 6917.1 -Creeks .„„, rivers of E. Klori.la, lir.^t .-oil. l,v A,.//„*r, re'.lmeover<..| bv 
 Palmer, Mrs. Treat, Dr. Garber. Perhaps also C'e.lar Havou. Harris (o./lVxtw in bnu-kwii 
 water. Dr. Juor, with "i)alc straw-c.jor " l.loss.,ni, Imt specimen insiinieient.-! (I'-rhapn 
 also N. tnssilagtfolia, Lehni. Ind. Seni. Hurt. Ilanil,. IH.VJ, 10, & Ann. S.i. Nat. ser. 4, i. .320 
 coll. iu Mexico by Andrieti.r, &c.) " ' 
 
 5. NtJPHAR, Smith. Si'ATTKu-DOCK, Yki.i.ow I'oND-r.ri.v. (Said to Im- 
 
 of Arabic origin and ineiitioiied by Dioscoridos under '' oip/u/a.) PrrtMinials 
 
 of northern heniispiicre and extra-tropical, with cylinch-ical crcepiii«,' rooLstock.s of 
 the White Watcr-Lilics, subterrestrial and aquatic: calyx more showy th.-m 
 
 corolla, at least the upper face of the sepals being Ijright yellow ; fl. summer. 
 
 Prodr. Fl. Groec. i. SOI ; DC. Syst. ii. 59. Ni/iiip/^o'a, lioerh. Hist. PI. Lu;,'.!.- 
 Bat. 363; Salisb. Ann. Bot. ii. 71. Nymphusanthus, Rich. Analyse du Kniit, 
 68, & Ann. Mus. Par. xvii. 230, t. o. Ropahm, Raf. New Fl. Am. ii. 17. [Hv 
 B. L. Robinson.] 
 
 * Leaves oval; sinus fully one fourth to nearly half the lengtli of the blade. 
 H- Anther-cells usually nearly or quite as long as tiic filaments or exceeding tlieni : stig- 
 niatic disk 4 or .5 lines to nearly an inch in diameter, undulate margined, 12-22-raveil. 
 N. polysepalum, Engelm. Very robust: petioles stout; thin submersed leaves none ..r 
 at least not seen; floating leaves large, 8 to 12 inches long, 6 to 9 inclies broad, with narrow 
 or closed sinus and very broad rounded basal lobes: the .subglobose cni>-shapcd calvx 
 3 inches in diameter, when fully expanded even 4 or 3 inclies broad ; sepals 9 to 12, velli.w 
 or with a reddish tinge in age: petals 12 to 18, obovate, cuneate, trnncate, lialf inch' long, 
 two thirds as broad: stamens very numerous, red, recurved in age; polU-ii vellnw : fruit 
 subglohose, 1^ inches in diameter, with short stout definitely constricted neck ami convex 
 umbonate 15-24-rayed stigmatic disk. — Trans. Acad. St. Louis, ii. 282, & B<.t. \V..iks. 
 472; Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exp. 220; Porter & Coulter, Fl. Col. 5. X.a,lrena, Ik-nth. Pi! 
 Ilartw. 296; Newberry, Pacif. R. Rep. vi. 67, uot Ait. f. Niimi>htia poli/se/in/a, (Jreene, 
 Bull. Torr. Club, xv. 84. ? N. udccna, Greene, Fl. Francis. 288. — Colorado to Centnil Cali- 
 fornia and northwestward to Alaska, especially iu alpine ponds of mountain valleys. Tlie 
 farinaceous seeds are an important source of food to certain Indian tribes. Here appears to 
 belong the N. \\. American N. lutenm of autliors (Bong. Yog. Sitch. 124; Ledeb. Fl. 
 Ress. i. 84; Rothr. Fl. Alask. 442; &c.), not Smith. Var. rfcTr.M, Engtlni. 1. c, is a form 
 with more highly colored flowers, having sepals inargined with reddish lirown ;iiid petals 
 deep red with yellow tips and bases. — Colorado, Ann/, and probably elsewliere with the 
 duller more yellow-flowered form. A form with smaller flowers (2 to 3 indies in diameter), 
 in hal)it approaching the following, but with the characteristic dark red aiitliers of the 
 western species, has l)ccn collected in Lake County, Calif., Blnnkinshlj). 
 N. advena, Ait. f. Stout but smaller in all parts than the preceding: rhizome hori/ontal, 
 tliick: petioles usually \ to ^ inch in diameter: thin suhnK-r.-^ed leaves jin-.^ent in .«ee(iliiigs, 
 . but in tlie mature jilant rare or none; floating leaves broadly oval, often pube.-scent below; 
 sinus u.sually open; basal lobes very obtuse, sometimes rounded but usually more or lc.««s 
 triangular in outline: sul)globo.se flowers If inches in diameter, when fully expande.i 2 to ,1 
 inches i)road : outer .sepals greenish; the inner commonly dull yellow: i)etals oblanceolato- 
 ol)long, truncate, gradually narrowed toward the b:ise : stamens in .'> or fi .series, n-ciirved 
 with age, yellow: disk j)ale red, yellow, or green, sulx-ntire or undulate-margined; stig- 
 
 1 Add syn. Castalia Jlnva, Greene, I. c. ^5. 
 
 2 Specimens sub.sequently collected by Nenlley at Rio Grande City. Texa.s, nml by PrmgU near 
 Brownsville, no. 1956, as well as specimens of Bourrjeau and of Pringle fmiii Me.xico, nprwin^; wpII 
 with the Florida plant, may be referred to this species, jus by rouller, Contrib. U.S. Nat. H.-rh. i. SO. 
 Also Castalia Mcricann, C'oulter, I. c. ii. 12, aiii>aieiitly not Nymphaa }feriotna of Zuooarini, wliitli 
 should have whin- tlnu.ix. 
 
78 NYIMPILEACE/E. ynphar. 
 
 matic rajs 12 to 22, usually not attaining the edge of the disk; fruit ovate, with thick more 
 or less costate scarcely constricted neck. — Kew. ed. 2, iii. 295; Pursh, Fl. ii. 369; Gray, 
 Geu. lU. i. 104, t. 44; Meehau's Monthly, i. 17, 18, t. 2. N. lutca, Pursh, 1. c. ; DC. Syst! 
 ii. 60, as to Anier. plant; ' Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 32; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 57, excl. var. 
 and (?) Alaskan plant. N. Amaicanum, Provancher, Fl. Canad. i. 28. Xt/mphcra lutea, 
 Walt. Car. 154. iV. advena, Ait. Kew. ii. 226; Willd. Ilort. Berol. t. 38; Sims, Bot. Mag. 
 t. 684. iV. arifolia, Salisb. Ann. Bot. ii. 71. — Labrador to Florida, Texas, Wyoming, 
 and doubtfully to California; common throughout the Eastern and Middle States, mucli 
 rarer if present upon the Pacific Slope. (Cuba.) Var. vakiecAtcm, Engelm. (in Gray, 
 Man. ed. 5, 57) is a frequent form with sepals a brighter yellow toward the edges, and 
 some at least red-purple or maroon toward the ba.se witliin ; the sinus of the leaf commonly 
 narrow or dosed. — Growing with the duller flowered type, but in some jdaces the com- 
 moner or only form. 
 
 Var. minus, Mokong. Similar in general aspect: leaves and flowers smaller ; jjctiolcs 
 and peduncles more flaccid; a few thin submersed leaves commonly present: stigmatic disk 
 smaller, bright red (occasionally green or yellow), 9-12-rayed, rather deeply crenate, only 
 3 to 4 lines in diameter; ovary and fruit somewhat smaller and v/ith a strongly constricted 
 neck. — The var. (?) minor, Morong (Bot. Gaz. xi. 167), as taken by Wats. & Coulter in 
 Gray, Man. ed. 6, 56, to include N. ruhrodiscum, Morong, 1. c, which cannot be satisfac- 
 torily distinguished from Dr. Morong's type of his var. minor. N. luteum, Gray, Man. 24, 
 excl. var, and not of Smith. N. adcena X Kalmiana, Casp. in Macoun, Cat. Canad. PI. 32. 
 N. F/etclteri, Lawson, 1. c. 119. Ni/mpha^a ruhrodisca, Greene, Bull. Torr. Club, xv. 84. — 
 An exact intermediate between N. advena and the following species, and, with little doubt, 
 of hybrid origin, frequently associated with the parent plants in Lower Canada, Ontario, 
 and the Northern States, westward at least to Minnesota, gro\\'ing in sliallower water than 
 N. advena, and often showing imperfect pollen as though only partially fertile ; in other 
 localities, however, as in Lake Champlain, appearing (ace. to Dx. Morong) thoroughly inde- 
 pendent and fertile ; so that it may be best regarded as a perpetuated or established hybrid, 
 lutergradation (probably rehybridization) ^vith the parent stocks, especially toward N. ad- 
 veun, makes specific distinction undesirable. Fretpient and very similar hybrids between 
 N. minimum and A^. luteum have been repeatedly noticed in Europe by ('aspary and others. 
 -(- •)— Anther-cells (at maturity) only a third as long as the filaments: .stigmatic disk 
 
 small, 2 to 3 lines in diameter, about 8-rayed 
 
 N. minimum, Smith. TJootstock horizontal, slender, enveloped at the end by the sheath- 
 ing membranous expanded bases of the slender flaccid petioles: floating leaves 1^-3 (-4) 
 inches long, usually pubescent beneath ; the sinus reaching almost to the middle of the leaf; 
 submersed leaves freely produced, suborbicular, very delicate, membranaceous and tran.s- 
 iuc«nt ; sinus more open : sepals about 5, suborbicular, 6 to 8 lines in diameter, yellow . 
 petals obovate-cuneate, 2 lines long, half as broad : stigmatic disk distinctly lobed, deep red 
 or (at least in the European form) green ; stigmatic rays yellow; fruit ovoid, 6 to 8 lines in 
 diameter, -with short slender neck. — P^ng. Bot. xxxii., description of t. 2292; Hook. f. & 
 •Tacks. Ind. Kew. ii. 320. N. pumilum, DC. Syst. ii. 61 ; Smith, 1. c. on plate; Casp. in Miq. 
 Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. ii. 256; Wats. Bibl. Index, 37. N. Kalmiatia, Ait. f. Kew. ed. 2, iii. 
 295 ; Pursh, Fl. ii. 369. N. lutea, var. Kalmiana, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 58. N. luteum, var. 
 pumilum, Gray, Man. ed.-5, 57. Nj/mpkcen microphi/lla, Pers. Syn. ii. 63. N. Knlmiaha, Sims, 
 Bot. Mag t. 1243. — Ponds from Newfoundland to the Saskatchewan, southward to Pennsyl- 
 vania. (Eu.) 
 * * Leaves elongated-oblong, sagittate; the blade 6 to 10 times as long as the sinus: 
 
 flowers small, an inch to inch ai\d a third in diameter when open : southern Atlantic 
 
 species. 
 
 N. sagittaefolium, PmsH. Phizome apparently horizontnl, or oblique, sending off stout 
 roots : petioles long and rather slender : leaves thin and relatively much narrower than in 
 any of the other American s])ecies; the floating ones narrowly elliptic-oblong, 7 to 12 inches 
 in length, Ii to 2i inches broad; the submersed considerably larger, delicately membrana- 
 ceous: sepals about 6 or 7 ; the outer green ; the inner petaloid at least near the edges: petals 
 spatulate, truncate, thickish (said sometimes to be completely transformed into stamens) : 
 stamens in 4 to 6 rows ; anthers fully as long as the flat filaments : dit^k 4 to 6 lines in 
 
Sarracenia. SARHACKNIACK.T:. 7.' 
 
 diameter; margin repand ; stiginatic rays 11 to 14: fniit de|)resscd-ovatfi, 7 or 8 IIiiom iu 
 diameter, costate and moderately couslrictod beneath tlio dink ; seedH pale yeUowioli brown, 
 l\ lines in diameter. — Fl. ii. 370; DC. Syst. ii. 62 ; Kll. Sk. it ». N. smjiHifolium, Moron/;, 
 Rot. Gaz. xi. 169. N. loiujifolia, Smith in Kee.s, Cycl. no. 5. Niiuiphtca mgltti/oHa, Walt: 
 Car. IS.'J. N. sagittata, Per.s. Syn. ii. 63. iV. /oiigi/olia, iMichx. Fl. i. .•J12. — In Btagmint 
 pools of tlie low land."*, Nortli Carolina to Cicorgia and (acx. to Morong) Florida; al.so iu 
 S. Indiana and Illinois, Schncck ijide Watson & Coulter). 
 
 Order VII. SARRACENIACEiE. 
 
 Hv A. Gu.vY. 
 
 Acaulesccnt perennial bog-plants, with colorless inert juirc, and leaves trans- 
 formed into more or less colored secretive pitchers or tubes (in whieli insects are 
 collected) ; the flowers hermaphrodite, hypogynous, polyandrous ; sepals and 
 petals each 5 and imbricated in the bud ; anthers fixed by the middle and ' 
 introrse; pistil compound, 3-5-celled, with many-ovuled plaeenti« iu the axis; 
 fruit a loculicidal capsule ; seed anatropous, with a small embryo at the base of 
 fleshy albumen. Flowers comparatively large, nodding. True affinity of the 
 order undetermined. Consists of a monotypic apetalous and tricarpellary genus 
 found on a single mountain in Eastern S. America, and of the following. 
 
 1. SARRACENIA. Bractlets 3 under the calyx. Sepals eoriaceous, persi.stent. Petals 
 pauduriform, at first counivent-incnrved and imbricated over the stajnens and pistil, in age 
 becoming deciduous. Ovary globular and 5-lobed, the lobes alternate with the petals : style 
 bearing 5-angled 5-rayed umbrella, the tips of the slender rays projecting from the uotihe<l 
 angles, recurved and introrsely stigmatose. Capsiile densely vcrrucose, loiulicidal, but the 
 five valves cohering by the partitions with the axis. Seeds with a close and firm reticulate 
 coat and broad rhaphe. 
 
 2. DARLINGTONIA. Sepals membranaceous and somewhat herbaceous, lax, niarcesdi.; 
 Petals shorter, somewhat convergent, oblong-ovate, with a contraction above the middle 
 and the apical portion concave, marcescent. Stamens 12 to 20, short. Ovary somewhat 
 turbinate with depressed or umbilicate broad summit, the cells opposite the petals: styl*^ 
 short, 5-cleft; its short and thick branches radiate-spreading: stigma broad and terminal 
 Capsule oblong, smooth, 5-valved, the valves septiferons: base of the colnmella naked. 
 Seeds clavate or turbinate, densely beset with short .stiff bristles. Scape bracteate. 
 
 1. SARRAC^INIA, Tourn. Pitcher-plant, Side-sapdlr Flower, 
 Trumpets. {Dr. Sarrazin of Quebec, who about the year 1730 sent our 
 northern species and an account of it to Tournefort.) — Scape naked and one- 
 flowered with the cluster of radical leaves from a short horizontal roofstock ; the 
 pitchers trumpet-shaped with a ventral wing or salient margin and an arching 
 hood (the lamina) at apex, some earlier leaves phyllodi:i-like, destitute of pitcher, 
 all yellowish green or purplish, or purple-veined. Pet;ds pui-jjle or yellow. Fl. 
 early summer or southward in spring. Species all strictly Atlantic X. American. 
 — Inst. 657, t. 476, & L. Gen. ed. 1-5, as Sarracena ; L. Spec. i. .'ilO, & Gen. 
 ed. 6, no. 652 ; Mill. Ic. t. 241 ; Croom, Ann. Lye. N. Y. iv. 98 ; A. DC. Prodr. 
 xvii. 3. CoilophifUum, Morison, PI. O.von. iii. 533. For account of the relation 
 of the pitchers to insects and references to the literature, s«'e Goodale, Physiol. 
 Bot. .•'•i7-':""v <v....t -tiiMviM. .■....■.-,. i;,.,. .,» .,„,>.. lii,,.. „.,„• •!.... ,,.,,,;t-...i .1 
 
80 SARRACENIACE.E. Sarracada. 
 
 the orifice of the pitclier in all the species. — Hybrids and varieties of cultivation 
 unnoticed. 
 
 * I'etals brown-red or maroou (rarely varying to greenish yellow), little accrescent after 
 authcsis. 
 
 -»— Leaves short, with ventral wing broad, commonly semi-obovate, in some later-grown 
 leaves even wider than the pitcher : sepals coriaceous and mostly dark colored. 
 
 S. purpurea, L. (Side-saddle Flower, Huntsman's Cup, &c.) Leaves ascending; 
 pitcher gihl)ous-obovate, with open orifice ; hood erect, round-cordate, concave, the inner 
 face strongly rctrorse-hispid and reticulated with broad purple veins: petals 2 inches long. 
 — Spec. i. 510 (Catesb. Car. ii. t. 70) ; Lam. 111. t. 452 ; Michx. kl. i. 310 ; Sims, Bot. Mag. 
 t. 849; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 308; Croom, Ann. Lye. N. Y. iv. 98; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 50.i 
 5. heterop/ii/lla, Eaton, Man. ed. 4, 445 (5^. purpurea, var. heterophyUa, Torr. Conipend. 217, 
 & F1..N. Y. i. 41, t. 6), an occasional form with greener foliage and yellowish green flower. 
 Var. alata, AYood, But. & Fl. 30, refers to the phyllodial wing, which in certain leaves of 
 most plants is wider than tlie diminished pitcher. — Sphagnous bogs, Newfoundland and 
 S. Labrador to Bear Lake and south to Florida and Alabama, but southward mainly east 
 of the Alleghanies. A remarkable range in latitude and climate. A monstrosity coll. by 
 /. Sprngue has the umbrella of the style deeply 5-parted into linear divisions ! 
 
 S. psittacina, Michx. Leaveg reclined in a rosulate tuft; pitcher narrow, of clavate out- 
 line, 2 to 5 inches long, densely and retrorsely long-hirsute within ; hood strongly incurved 
 over the contracted orifice, globose-inflated, dorsally white-variegated and commonly pur- 
 plish-tinged : petals inch and a half long. — Fl. i. 311 ; Pursh, Fl. ii. 368 ; Croom, 1. c. 101 ; 
 Torr. & Gray, 1. c. ; Masters, Card. Chron. 1866, 1218, fig., & 1881, pt. 1, 817, fig.; A. DC. 
 1. c. 4.-^ S. calceoJata, Nutt. Trans. Am. riiil. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 49, t. 1. S. pulchclla, Croom, 
 Am. Jour. Sci. xxv. 75, & xxviii. 167. — Pine-barren swamps, from near Augusta, Georgia, 
 to Apalachicola, Florida, and S. Alabama. 
 
 -J— -t— Leaves erect with long and narrow or trumpet^shaped open-mouthed tube and soon 
 ascending or erect hood; the wing a narrow margin or in the phyllodial leaves (willi 
 reduced abortive tube) linear-lanceolate. 
 
 S. rubra, Walt. Leaves slender, the larger a foot or more long, wholly green with reddish 
 veins above ; hood ovate, varying from obtuse to acuminate, usually inflexed when .young, 
 at length erect and merely concave, reddish or red- veined and variegated; retrorse pubes. 
 cence of inner face minute: petals inch or so long. — Car. 152; Ell. Sk. ii. 10; Croom, 
 Ann. Lye. N. Y. iv. 99 ; Hook. Exot. Fl. i. t. 13 (excl. syn.), & Bot. Mag. t. 3515 ; Lodd. Bot. 
 Cab. t. 1163; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. ; Planchon, Fl. Serres, x t. 1074.^ S. minor, Sweet, Brit. 
 Fl. Gard. ser. 2, t. 138, with only earlier small leaves. 5. rubra & S. Sweetii, A. DC. 1. c. 5. 
 S. Gronovii, var. rubra. Wood, Class-Book, ed. of 1861, 222. — Swamps, N. Carolina to 
 Georgia and Alabama, in the middle country and toward the mountains.* 
 
 S. Drummondii, Cuoosr. Leaves ampler (from less than a foot to a yard high), with 
 orifice an inch or two in <liameter; hood roundish with contracted base, soon erect and 
 flattish or with recurved margins, retrorsely hispid on the inner face, and with the whole 
 snmniit of the pitcher highly variegated with red-purple reticulation on a white semitrans- 
 parent ground ; the wing extremely narrow: plane phyllodial leaves sometimes 2 feet long: 
 petals 2 inches long. — Ann. Lye. N. Y. iv. 100, t. 1 ; Torr. «& Gray, 1. c. ; Planchon, Fl. 
 Serres, x. 239, t. 1071, 1072.^ S. Drummondii & S. undulnta, Decsne. Rev. Hort. ser. 4, i. 
 (1852) 126, & Fl. Serres, vii. 267, 268; A. DC. 1. c., the latter a mere form or stage with 
 erect and undulate hood, well marked in leaves of original specimens. (S. leucopki/lta, Raf. 
 Fl. Lud. is essentially fictitious.^ S. Gronovii, var. Drummondii, Wood, 1. c. — -Pine-barren 
 
 1 Meehan's Monthly, i. 86, t. 6. 
 
 2 Meehan, Native Flowers, ser. 2, i. 21, t. 5. 
 8 Meehan, 1. c. 37, t. 9. 
 
 * Natural hybrids apparently of /S. rubra and S. purpurea have been noted, very similar to those 
 of cultivation. 
 
 5 Meehan, 1. c. r>, t. 1. 
 
Darlingtonia. SAllllACKXIACE.E. 
 
 swamps, S. W. Georgia and ailjaccnt Florida, at Apalarliioola. &c., firnt made kn 
 foliage coll. by Drummoinl and flowers tiy (.'/nijiman. 
 
 * * Petals and wliole flower yellow : leaves with elongated pitchors or tubes, in 8. 
 called Tbitmpets or Tuumpet-i-kak, and the flowers \Vatciie.s! 
 
 S. variolaris, Miciix. Leaves ;i to 14 (rarely 20) inches high ; the tnhe njirrowly or rather 
 broadly winged, dorsally reticulate-variegated at and U-low the summit witli -jv-u and 
 purplish veining on a yellowish white translucent ground ; the ovate furnit:i' I 
 
 over the wide open orifice, puberulent and jmrple-veiny within ; mouili i.f tl 
 of the wing for a time lie<lewcd with a sweet alluring Becretion: phvllodial hi U 
 
 haidly any : petals an inch or more long, little accrescent after anthejiis. — VI. i. 310; Sims 
 Bot. Mag t. 1710; Kll. Sk. ii. 11 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 80:3; Croom, 1. c. 102; Torr. & (Jrav] 
 
 1. c. ; Mellichamp. Nature, x. 2.53; A. DC. 1. c. 6.^ ? S. minor, Walt. Car. 1.53. .S'. aduuca, 
 Smith, Exot. Bot. i. 103, t. 53; Macbridc, Trans. Linn. Soc. xii. 48. — I.,<jw pine-barrens, 
 N. Carolina to Florida in the low country.'^ 
 
 S. flava, L. Narrowly trumpet-shaped leaves about 2 feet long; pitcher Itordered with vc-ry 
 narrow wing, yellowish green, unspotted ; hood ovate and soon erect, with (often reddish) 
 base contracted or recurvcil at sides, hispidulous-puberulent within, commonly with purple 
 reticulated veinlets; autumnal pliyllodial leaves oblong or laricecdate and falcate, a sj>:ui or 
 two long; petals at first inch and a h.alf long, becoming pendulous, elongating to 2.J or 3 
 inches. — Spec. i. 510; Walt. Car. 153; Michx. 1. c. ; Audr. Bot. liep. t. 381 ; Sims, Bot. 
 Mag. t. 780; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1937 ; Ell. Sk. ii. 10 ; Crooni, 1. c. 103 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. ; 
 I'lanchon, 1. c. t. 1068 ; A. DC. 1. c.» S. Cateslxei, Ell. Sk. ii. II, greener form. S. Gnmoni, 
 Wood, 1. c. — Wet meadows and swamps, North Carolina to Florida ; fl. spring and early 
 summer. 
 
 2. DARLING-TONIA, Torr. (Dr. Wot. Darlington of Pennsylvania, 
 author of Flora Cestrica, &c.) — Smiths. Contrib. vi. 4, t. 12, Bot. Wilkes 
 Exped. 221, & Bull. Torr. Club, ii. 14; Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. ser. 2, xvi. 42.5, 
 XXXV. 136; Beuth. & Hook. Gen. i. 48 ; Planchon, Fl. Serres, xiv. 125, t. 1440; 
 Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 5920 ; A. DC. Prodr. xvii. 2 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 
 i. 17. — Single species. 
 
 D. Calif ornica, Torr. U. cc. Bootstock elongated and creeping, rough-scaly : leaves (a span 
 to 2 feet long) greenish yellow, of uervose tubes gradually enlarging upward and with 
 dilated and inflated-saccate externally white-variegated incurved summit, so that the con- 
 tracted orifice looks downward, its proper ape.x bearing a conspicuous divergently bifid 
 pendulous appendage resembling a fish-tail and generally reddish or yellowish; the whole 
 leaf twisted half round, the orifice becoming averse from the scape, ventral wing a narrow 
 border: scape bearing several greenish and membranaceous alternate bract«, nodding .at 
 apex, greenish, at length 2 inches long : petals greenish yellow and reddish brown or purple. 
 — Mountain bogs of the Sierra Nevada, California, at 1,000 to 6.000 feet, from Trmkee P.-vss 
 to Shasta Co. (where first coll. without flowers, h\ Pirkcrlnrj and Bnirkcnrldgr) ; also «itliin 
 the borders of Oregon, Waldo Co., IJowell : fl. spring. Areolation of the infl.ited h.M.ded 
 summit of the leaf translucent; appendage within beset v*ith retrorse bristly hairs, and 
 along its margins producing a sweet alluring .secretion, which sometimes extends downwnni 
 on the edge of the ^s^ng, as discovered by J/rs. R. M. Austin. For details of mode of 
 capturing insects, see Cauby, Proc. Am. Ass. Sci. 1874, pt. 2, 64, and abstract in Brew. & 
 Wats. 1. c. 18. 
 
 • Meehan's Monthly, iv. 1, t. 1. 
 
 * Some striking variations are noted by Miss Mary F. Peirce, Bull. T"" ' ''•' 
 8 Meehan's Monthly, ii. 113, t. 8. 
 
82 PAPAYERACE.E. 
 
 Order VIII. PAPAVERACEi:. 
 
 By a. Gkay ; the genus Arctoinecon by B. L. Robinson. 
 
 Mostly colored- juiced herbs, with mostly alternate leaves, no stipules, and 
 narcotic or acid qualities; flowers hermaphrodite, hypogynous, polyandrous, 
 dimerous or sometimes trimerous i. e. sepals 2, rarely 3, and caducous, petals 
 double to quadruple (or even sextuple) that number and commonly very decidu- 
 ous ; the ranks imbricated in the bud ; pistil of 2 to many carpels combined to 
 form a one-celled ovary with parietal placenta?. Filaments filiform, or rarely 
 dilated, distinct : anthers innate. Ovules anatropous, numerous. Fruit capsular. 
 Seeds with small or minute embryo at base of fleshy and oily albumen. — Several 
 genera have more or less colorless juice. Dendromecon is shrubby. Platystemon 
 has carpels in flower partly and in fruit becoming wholly distinct Glaucium 
 has a falsely 2-celled ovary, and the placentag in Poppy, &c., may meet in the 
 axis. Eschscholtzia, besides its calyptrate calyx, has a cupulate-dilated seem- 
 in'dy perigynous disk. Platystemon and yet more Canbya and Arctomecon retain 
 their petals until fruiting. Platystigma and Canbya may have very few stamens. 
 Bucconia is apetalous. And the leaves are usually opposite or verticillate and 
 entire in the first tribe. So, although one of the most distinct of orders, it teems 
 with exceptions. 
 
 Tribe I. PLATYSTEMONE.E. Leaves mainly opposite or whorled and entire. 
 Flowers usually 3-merous, i. e. sepals 3 and obovate petals 6 in two series. Ovary 
 mostly lobed or angled : stigmas distinct, one terminating each carpel, alternate 
 with the placentae, which never separate from the valves. No dilated torus under 
 the flower. Flower-buds usually drooping on the peduncle : anthesis for more 
 than one day. Juice watery or yellowish. 
 
 1. PLATYSTEMON. Stamens numerous: filaments petsiloid, oliovate or spatulate. 
 Stigmas subulate-filiform. Carpels 9 to 18, each several-ovukd, at first all united in a ciri-le 
 into a deeply plurisulcate compound ovary by as many parietal placenta:;, in fruit separating 
 and closing into as many torose narrow follicles, which when mature are disposed to break, 
 up transversely into a few one-seeded joints ! Petals tardily deciduous ! 
 
 2. PLATYSTIGMA. Flowers occasionally 2-merous, i. e. with 2 sepals and 4 petals. 
 Stamens 6 to 12, rarely 4 : filaments from lanceolate-sul)ulate to filiform. Carpels 3, rarely 
 4, wholly combined into a somewhat .3-lol)ed or angled or nearly terete ovary, having as 
 many pluriovulate strictly parietal placentie ; in fruit a thin-waUed completely 3-valved 
 capsule, dehiscent through the placenta;. Stigmas ovate to subulate. Petals deciduous. 
 
 Tribe II. PAPAVERE.E. Leaves alternate or mainly so. Flowers rarely 3-merous. 
 Ovary of 2 to 20 completely combined carpels; even the stigmas more or less 
 confluent or else radiate from a common centre, never more numerous than the 
 placenta? : these when the capsule dehisces persisting as a frame alternate with 
 and freed from the valves, while held in place by attachment to receptacle below 
 and combined stigmas above. 
 
 * Petals 4 or 6, usually scarious-marcoscont and ])orsistcnt till t lie fruit is grown! appar- 
 ently not crumpled in the bud : tliis drooping l)cf<)re anthesis: capsule ovoid, strictly 
 one-celled, 3-6-valved from above ; valves alternating with as many nerviform placentie. 
 
 3 CANBYA. Sepals 3. Petals G, obovate, after anthesis dosing over the capsule. Stamens 
 6 or ;t : filaments shorter than the oblong linear anthers. Ovary and membranaceous cap- 
 
rAPAVKIlACE.E. 83 
 
 sule ovoid-globoso : stylo none: stigmas .'}, obloiig-linoar, opposite the tlirco ncrviform 
 placeiitic aud recurved-apprcssed to tlieiii. Seeds obovate obi.Jii;.', Hiinxtth, neither creMed 
 uor caruiiculatc. Exiguous annuals. 
 
 4. ARCTOMECON. Sepals 2. Tctals 4, rotuml-ohovatc, in age thin-st-arioun and j-T«i«t- 
 iug around the base of tlic capsule. Stamens indefinitely numerous, short : fil., 
 
 than tlie oblong-linear anthers. Ovary and snl>c<>riaee<.us capsule ovoid or <jI".. 
 monly 4)-valved : style shorter than the globular and lobuhite nuuis of :i i. 
 somewhat united stigmas; each stigma cordate-bilobed and over a valve, i. e .i. /€,»,,«, wan 
 the nerviform placentai. Seeds rather few, obbjng, witli sinuous-linecdate coat and a narrow- 
 crested riiaphe, which is carunculate dilated at hiluni. Herhs. 
 
 * * Petals 8 to 12, not at all erumided in the bud (which is uever drooping), of rather firm 
 texture, deciduous after anthesis of a few days : stigmas (2) alternali- with the nerviform 
 placentjB, i. e. over the valves : acaulescent herb. 
 
 5. SANGUINARIA. Sepals 2. Petals obovate to oblong-spatulate. Stamens about 24. 
 Ovary oblong, with short and stout style: stigma.s 2, thickish, erect and partly united, iK-ing 
 confluent at- their bases. Capsule fusiform, nearly membranaceous. Seeds with criwui- 
 ceous coat and a loose-cellular crest to the rhaphe. 
 
 * * * Petals 4 to 6, usually crumpled iu the bud, thin an.l broad, deci.lnous after anlliois 
 of one or more days. 
 
 ■K- Truly shrubby, 2-carpellary : stigmas over the valves, i. e. alternate with the nerviform 
 placentte : flowers lasting two or three days. 
 
 6. DENDROMECON. Sepals 2. Petals 4. Stamens very many. Ovary narrow, lipiK-d 
 with sliort style and broadish stigmas. Capsule linear, .strictly one-celled, ehuitieally 2-valved 
 from the base upward : valves firm-coriiiceous, striatc-costatc, tardily and often incompletely 
 detached from the exiguous placenta;. Seeds oval, fleshy -carunculate at the hilum. 
 
 -1- H- Shrubby-based, pluricarpellary : stigmas over the septiform |)lacentie : flowers not 
 drooping in the bud, lasting for a few day,s. 
 
 7. ROMNEYA. Sepals 3 (rarely with a dorsal wing), externally strigose. Petals G. 
 Stamens very many. Style none : stigmas 7 to 12, oblong, firm fleshy and thick, partly 
 cohering in a ring around and incurved over a globular epigynous disk. Ovary and cori;v- 
 ceous capsule ovate or oblong, strigose-hispid, with 7 to 12 lamelliform at 'length coriaceous 
 placentje, some or most of which meet in the axis and so form partitions: valves 7 to 12, 
 opening from the summit downward and so demidatiug the solid placental framework. Seeds 
 slightly incurved, with scrobiculate or rugulose and dull coat, naked at rhaphe and hilnm. 
 ■4— H— -I— Herbaceous (except one Argeinone) : stigmas over the placenta; : sepals 2, or l>y 
 
 variation 3 and then petals 6. 
 
 HH- Capsule 4-20 carpellary, dehiscent only at top or to near the miiblle. 
 
 8. ARGEMONE. Flowers erect in the bud and short-peduncled or .sessile. Herbage 
 prickly. Sepals often 3 and petals 6. Stamens many. Ovary strictly 1-cellod, with 4 to f. 
 nerviform placent;e: stigmas oval, somewhat radiate and uniteil on the summit of very 
 short or obsolete style. Capsule 4-6-valved at summit. Seeds scrobiculate, naked, but with 
 salient rhaphe. Juice orange. 
 
 9. PAPAVER. Flower-bud generally drooping on the peduncle until anthesis. Stamens 
 very many. Ovary and capsule (.-lobose to oblong, capped Ity the closely .sps^sile circular flat 
 or somewhat conical disk of the combined radi.ate stigmas, and dehi.xcent only nndi-r (ho 
 edge of it by as many dentiform short lids: placenta; 4 to 20. septiform. mostly projecting 
 far into tlie cell. Seeds scrobiculate, naked. Juice mostly white. 
 
 10. MECONOPSIS. Flower-bud dr<K>piiitj before anthesis. Stamens many. Ovary and 
 capsule tipped with a style, and with globular m.nss of stigmas, nnecellcd. and with 4 to 8 
 more or less intruded placenta\ dehiscent only by as miinv short teeth or valveji at the snm 
 mit. .luit-e orange. 
 
 •^ ++ Capsule 2-4-carpellary. dehiscent for the whole length, the valves completely kc»|»- 
 
 nnllnr i'lmri l Iw ■_' (.. l virnriM yil iii'iil .1 ■• iili. !■ . iriii n. , .r m-H, ,„ 
 
84 rAPAYEKACE.E. Plahjslemon. 
 
 11. STYLOPHORUM. Stamens 20 or more. Ovary in the genuine species with 3 or 4 
 nerviforin i)l:u'i'nt;« from wliich the valves of the capsule separate from apex to base. Style 
 comparatively long : stigmas 3, short and depressed, confluent. Seeds scrobiculate-reticu- 
 
 ■ lated : rhaphe prominent and crested. 
 
 12. CHELIDONIUM. Stamens rather few. Ovary and capsule linear, strictly one-celled 
 with -2 nerviforni placentae, and a sliort style bearing two small simple stigmas: valves 
 membranaceous at nuiturity, deliiscent mostly from base upward. Seeds smooth : rhaphe 
 crested. 
 
 13. GLAUCIUM. Like Chclkhnium, but mitre-shaped stigmas with divergent or deflexed 
 base on each side, and coriaceous capsule 2-celled by a spongy false partition between the 
 placentae, in which the scrobiculate seeds are partly embedded. 
 
 Tribe III. HUNNEMANNLE. Leaves alternate, teniately decompound. Flowers 
 dimerous, i. e. sepals and placentfe 2, and (deciduous) jietals 4. Torus more or 
 less dilated and excavated under or around base of the pistil : flower thus as if 
 perigynous. Stamens numerous. Stigmas twice or thrice as many as placenta? : 
 ovary strictly one-celled. Capsule elongated and siliquiform, terete, striate- 
 costate, many-seeded, elastically '2-valved usually from the base to apex ; valves 
 coriaceous, the nerviforni placentre remaining attached to their margins, or im- 
 perfectly separating. Seeds globular, iuappendiculate. Juice of herbage mainly 
 watery and not acrid, of the root yellow. Flowers erect in the bud, in anthesis 
 usually more than one day, normally yellow. Consists of the adjacent Mexican 
 genus Hunnemannla, with calyx of distinct sepals and 4 roundish depressed 
 stigmas, the nerviform placenta? j)artly separating from the valves, and 
 
 14. ESCHSCHOLTZIA. Torus under the flower dilated and hollowed, cyatliiform. 
 Calyx calyptrate, the two sepals completely combined into an extinguisher-shaped body, 
 which is detaclied at base and pushed off at the expansion of the 4 petals. Style short and 
 stout or harilly any : stigmas 4 to 6, subulate or setaceous, unequal. Cotyledons said to be 
 2-parted. Chiefly annuals 
 
 1. PLATYST^IMON, Benth. Ciieam-cups. (nXarrs, wide, o-r^/^wi', 
 stamen.) — Trans. Hort. Soc. ser. 2, i. 405 ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. ol. — Single 
 species, remarkable in the order on many accounts, among them for anthesis con- 
 tinued for several days, and marcescent petals at length loosely closing over the 
 forming fruit. 
 
 P. CalifornicUS, Benth. 1. c. Low and slender annual, hispid with long spreading hairs, 
 or glabrate : leaves mainly opposite, closely sessile, ligulate-linear, obtuse, uervose : peduncles 
 a span or more long, sonretimes sca))ose : petals half inch or less long, from light yellow to 
 cream color or white (rarely roseate) : mature and separated carjiels linear, moniliform, 
 sometimes sparsely hispid, commonly glabrous. — Lindl. Bot. Keg. t. 1679; Sweet, Brit. Fl. 
 Gard. ser. 2, t. 394; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3.579; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 6.5, with vars. ; Brew. & 
 Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 19, with var. leiorarpus. P. leiocarpus, Fisch. & Meyer, Ind. Sem. 
 Hort. Petrop. ii. 47 (1835) ; Hook. Bot Mag. t. 3750, a mere state.i — Open ground, through- 
 out California (excej.t in the mountains), also S. Utah and Arizona; type coll. by Douglas. 
 
 2. PLATYSTlGMA, Benth. (nXa-n^s, broad, o-Tty/^a, stigma.) — Pacific 
 N. American low annuals, with linear mostly opposite leaves and light yellow or 
 almost white flowers; in .spring. — Trans. Hort. Soc. ser. 2, i. 406; Benth. & 
 Hook. 1. c. Platystigma & Meconella (Nutt), Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 64, 65. 
 
 § 1. Subscapo.se: capsule obovoid or clavate-ovoid, of rather firm texture, 
 crowned with the three broad and obtuse spreading introrsely stigmatose tips or 
 stigmas. 
 
 1 Add syn. t.P. crinitus, Oieone, Pittniiia, ii. 1?. (P. Californkus, var. crinitus, Greene, Fl. 
 Francis. 2S2), apparently >m]y a weak and more pubescent I'oiin of the inland. 
 
Arctomecon. rAPAVKRACE/E. 85 
 
 P. lineare, Benth. 1. c. 407. A spau or twi> lii;;h, braiicliing only at baso, sparsely l*arl>at<>- 
 hifpici ill tlie manner of Plalij-sUmou, wliiili il resemhles: leaves all sessile, linear, inoj.ll)- 
 2 iuthes lonj; : petals half inch loiij;: stamens numerous; anthers obloug-lineur. — Ilixjk. 
 Ic. t. 38, & Hot. Ma^^ t. 3575; Lin. 11. Bot. Keg. t. li>.54; Torr. &, (iray, Fl. i. f.5 ; Brew. & 
 Wats. 1. c. 20.1— \v. California, from Los Angeles,- to Oregon ; type coll. iiy iJuwjIas. 
 
 §2. Stems leafy aud paniculately braii(liiii<r, filiform: capsule linear, with 
 
 thin or membranaceous valves, commonly twisting in age : stigmas bubulate, — 
 
 Meconella, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 64. 
 
 P.* Oreganum, Bknth. & Hook.^ Glabrous, an inch (in depauperate plant4<) U> a span 
 or two higli, witli spreading liranchcs or pefluncles: leaves a quarter to at most an imii 
 long; lowest sjjatulate or ol<oval'.' aud eontructed i.,i,o pi-tiole; ujiper lincar-<)lilong or 
 linear, sessile : petals 4 to G, from 1 to 2 linns in lengtli : stamens (4 or) 6, equal or nearly 
 so and in single ri>w ; anthers oval, very mmh shorter tiian the filaments. — Bentli. & lIo<jk. 
 ace. to Brew. & Wats. 1. c. ; Wats. Bibl. Iude.\, 43. Meconella Oreijamt, Nutt. 1. c ; Hook. 
 Ic. t. 360.* — Moist or dry ground in spring, Brit. Columbia to Oregon; first made known 
 by Nuttall. 
 
 P.* Calif ornicum, Benth. & Hook. Flowers usually larger : petals 2 to 5 lines long : 
 stamens ft to 12, uue(|ual and biseriate : other characters closely as in the preceding (of 
 which Dr. Gray regarded it a form). — Gen. i. 51; Brew. & Wats. 1. c. Meconella Culi- 
 fomlca, Torr. & Frc'm. in Frem. Hep. 312; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 31. Pluti/slemon 
 Torrei/i, Greene, Fl. F'rauois. 283. P. Oreijamui, M. K. Currau, 1. c, in part. —Low hilbi, &t.. 
 Central and Southern California. 
 
 P. denticulatlini, Gkeexe. Very similar, more diffuse: weak stems a span to a foot 
 long: leaves from linear to spatulate, sometimes callous-denticulate: petals a line or two 
 long, apparently white: anthers (6) linear, equalling or double the length of tliu filaments. 
 
 — Bull. Torr. Club, xiii. 218. Meconella denticulata, Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. ii. 59.^ — 
 S. California, between San Bernardino and San Diego, and on the adjacent islands, Cleve- 
 land, Parish, (jrecue. 
 
 3. CANB YA, Parry, ( William Marriott Canhj, of Delaware, excellent 
 botanist and friend.) — Singular genu.s of two minute aeaulescent annuals, vernal 
 productions of the interior desert, glabrous; with a tiny root, a close tuft of 
 exceedingly short and densely leafy stems or branches, sending up filiform one- 
 flowered scapes of less than an inch in length ; the leaves crowded but mainly 
 :ilternate, fleshy, oblong to Ihiear, entire, the lowermost a line and upper (juarter 
 inch long: petals not over 2 lines long. — Parry in Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xii. 
 61, t. 1. 
 
 C. Candida, Parky, 1. c. Petals bright white : foliage green. — Wat*. Bot. Calif, ii. 429. 
 
 — S. E. California, on the upper part of the Mohave Hiver, Palmer, 1876; Cajou Pas-s. 
 Parish, 1882. 
 
 C. aurea, Watson. Petals bright yellow, deciduous in age: scapes capillary: foliage 
 glaucescent. — Proc. Am. Acad. xxi. 445. —On the sage plains of S. E. On-gou, June, iu 
 flower, Howell. 
 
 4. ARCTOM:feCON, Torr. & Frem. ("Ap/cTo?, :i bear, fiijKm', iwppy, from 
 the hirsuteuess.) — Frem. Rep. (1845), 312, t. 2; Henth. & Hook. Gen. i. .^2 ; 
 Parry, Am. Nat. ix. 139, 268; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xii. 52, t. 2; Coville, 
 
 1 Add syn. Platystemon linearis, M. K. Curran, Proc. Calif. Aca.1. Sci. s.t. 2, i. 2Vl. 
 
 2 A dubious specimen from Ft. Mohave, Cooper. 
 
 8 Description modified to exclude the apparently distinct P. Califomicum. 
 
 * Add syn. Plntystanon Oregnnus, M. K. Curran, 1. c, so far as the northern plant u coQceiBwL 
 
 6 Add .syn. Platji/tmondeHticulatus, Greene, Fl. Franci.s. 28-'}. 
 
86 TArAVKUACK.E. Arclomccon. 
 
 Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vii. GG, 67, *t Coutrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. iv. 08, oD.^ [By 
 
 B. L. EOBINSON.] 
 
 * Capsule obovoid. 
 
 A. humilis, Covu.le. Low, 4 to 7 iiKhcs in licight, erect leaves oWanceolatc, usually 
 2-3-ileiitate toward the apex, hirsute-ciliate ami sparsely villous: scapes naked and (ine- 
 Howered or more freijuently steins bearing a pair of subopposite leaves and 2-3-flowered : 
 petiils 4, suborbicular, white, three fourths ineli in diameter : filaments flattened and slightly 
 dilated : capsule 4 lines or more in length, two thirds as broad, splitting about to the middle : 
 style short but present. — Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vii. 67, & C'ontrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. iv. 58. 
 A. Califomicum, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xii. 53 (so far as Dr. I'arry's plant is concerned), 
 t. 2, not Torr. & Fre'm. — Desert of S. W. Utah, on the Rio Virgeu, Parry, no. O. 
 
 A. Californica, Torr. & Frem. 1. c. Taller and much more densely clothed witli long 
 gray barl)ellate hair: leaves crowded at the base of the plant, oblanceolate in outline or 
 Habelliform-cuneate and several toothed at the apex : stem about a foot high bearing about 
 two alternate distant reduceil leaves and an umbelliform clu.ster of several to many slender- 
 pedunded successively t)pening flowers : filaments slender: stigma sessile. — Coville, Cou- 
 trib. U. S. Nat. Herb. iv. 58. — S. Nevada, first collected by Fremont, rediscovered in the 
 same locality near Vegas Ranch, Lincoln Co., by Dr. Merriam & V. Bailey. 
 * * Capsule linear-oblong. 
 
 A. Merriami, Coville. Foliage and pubescence much as in the last, but flowers usuallv 
 solitary : sepals 3, villous, caducous : ])etals 6, white, ol)cordate, more tlian an inch iu 
 diameter: filaments slender but slightly dilated upward: cajKsule narrow, an inch and a 
 half or more iu length. — Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vii. G6, & Coutrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. iv. 59. 
 — Near the same locality as the preceding, Dr. Merriam & V. Bailey, May, 1891, no. 1890. 
 
 5. SANGUINARIA, Dill. Bloodroot. (Named from the blood-red 
 juice.) — Hort. Elth. ii. 334, t. 252 ; L. Gen. no. 42.5. — Single species, vernal. 
 
 S. Canadensis, L. Rootstock horizontal, fleshy and tuberous, crimson-red, surcliarged as 
 also the glabrous partly glaucous herbage with orange-red acrid Juice, sending up in early 
 spring, from terminal 2-3-valved buds a long-petioled leaf and a 1-flowered sca])e : leaves 
 reniforni, palmately and obtusely 5-9-lobed, reticulated : lobes repand-denlate or 3-li)bed : 
 scape a span high, naked (has been found with a pair of opposite bracts and 3 flowers 2) : 
 petals inch or less long, white, sometimes tinged with rose: capsule 2 inches long. — Spec. 
 i. 505 ; Lam. HI. t. 449 ; Curtis, Bot. j\lag. t. 162 ; Bigel. I\Ied. Bot. i. 75, t. 7 ; Lodd. Bot. 
 Cab. t. 1840; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 62; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 116, t. 49; Sprague & Goodale, 
 Wild Flowers, 141, t. 33. S. acuu/is, Moench, Meth. 227. -S. rernalis, Salisb. Prodr. 376. 
 
 5. (jrandiflora. Sweet, Brit, Fl. Gard. ser. 2, t. 147. — Woods iu rich soil. Nova Scotia to 
 Manitoba, and south to Arkansas and Florida. 
 
 6. DENDROMECON, Benth. (AeVVv, tree, /xr;/<o)v, poppy.) — Ti-ans. 
 Hort. Soc. ser. 2, i. 407 ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 54; Hook. Ic. t..o7, & Hot. 
 Mag. t. 5134; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 32, t. 3. — Single species, polymorphous 
 in foliage, yellow-flowered, in spring. 
 
 D.* rigida, Benth. 1. c.^ Glabrous and rigid shrub; leaves palo r)r glanrescent, coriaceous, 
 lanceolate and cuspidate-acuminate, varying to oblong and obtuse with rigid mucro, entire 
 or ciliolate-denticulate on callous margins (those of seedlings slightly lobed), very reticulate- 
 veiny and venulose and with strong midrib, short-petioled, in age falling by an articulation : 
 flowers naked-pedunculate at apex of branchlets : sepals orbicular : petals very broad, about 
 inch long, golden yellow: capsule commonly arcuate at maturity. — Torr. & Gr:iy, Fl. i. 64 ; 
 
 1 III the light of Mr. Coville's recent discoveries, and more copious material secured on llie De.itli 
 Valley Exploring Expedition, it has been necess.ary to rewrite the treatment of this sjeiins. 
 
 2 A .second interesting anomalous form is described by A. Foerste (Bull. Torr. Club, xiv. 7-(, 
 t. 67), in which but two flowers are present and these alternate. 
 
 3 De.scrii>tion .slightly modified to exclude the following species. 
 
Arfjevwne. rAPAVKUACE.E. 87 
 
 Fl. Serres, xiv. t. 1411 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 22. — Dry hill.-<, C'alifuruia, frum San 
 Diego, San Bernardino, &c., to Butto Co. 
 D.* Harfordii, Kellogc;. Low (u- arborescent shrub; Ilmvch oval, or broiulh ■ 
 usually vry obtuse, and niueronatc at apex (randy Dvatc-lancL-olate and aiut<-), ti. 
 
 somewhat less harsh than in the prccciling; margins entire or inconspieuoutily tri . 
 
 never so scabrous-cilifdate as often in the last: axillary buds at certain sU'ige in their 
 development rigid and almost tliorndike. — I'roc. Calif. Acad. Sci. v. 102. U. jinilit, 
 Greene, Bull. Torr. Club, xiii. 216. D. rii/ida, var. Ilai/ordii, K. Brandegeo, Zoe, iv. 8;». — 
 Lslands off coast of S. California. Dr. Ktllogg's sjtecies sa* originally collected on S;mta 
 Rosa Isl. is said to be a low shrub, but tlie foliage shows no constant or witisfactory 
 differences from the arborescent D. Jifirilis, Greene, of Santa Cruz Isl. Ksscntially the 
 same plant has been collected upon Santa Catalina Isl., Brandei/ee. All these insular forms 
 are unsatisfactorily separable from each other and none too definitely distinguiHlied from 
 broad-leaved forms of the mainland, such as Ilartweg's 1C41. (See T. S. Brandegee, 
 Zoe, i. 46.) 
 
 7. ROMNfiYA, Harv. (The astronomer, 7\ Romney Ruhinson, friend of 
 Dr. Coulter, the discoverer of the phint.) — Loud. Jour. Bot. iv. 74, t. 3 (sti^'mas 
 not well given) ; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 31. — Single species, large- and white- 
 flowered, with colorless bitter juice. 
 
 R. Coulteri, Harv. 1. c 75. Herbaceous stems 3 to 8 feet high from a soft woody base, 
 branching, leafy to the top, glabrous, glaucescent : leaves of firm texture, pinnately parted 
 or divided, petioled; divisions or leaflets 3 to 9, cuneate-oblong to lanceolate, sparingly 
 dentate, terminal 3-cleft, margins and rhachis often sparsely ciliate-spinulose : flowers short- 
 peduncled, terminating the branches, delicately fragrant, a few days in anthesis : pet.als 
 bright white, 2 inches long : capsule inch and a half long. — Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 
 20; W. llobiuson, Garden, xxvi. 400, t. 465. ^ — Plains and ravines, S. California, Ventura 
 Co.2 to San Bernardino, San Diego Co. (and Lower Calif); first coll. by Th. Coulter; fl. 
 all summer. 
 
 8. ARGEMONE, Tourn. Puickly Poi^'Y. (Ancient Greek and Latin 
 name of some herb, transferred to this American genus by the herbalist.^.) 
 — Setose and spinulose-dentate herbs, chiefly annuals, but in hot countries 
 becoming indurated and lignescent below, leafy-stemmed and branching, with 
 orange-yellow and acrid juice, the leaves sinuate or pinnatilid, commonly varie- 
 gated with white. Sepals with cornute tip or appendage below the apex. — Inst. 
 239, t. 151; L. Gen. no. 422.* — Consists of the following species or forms, 
 which cannot be very definitely characterized. 
 
 A. FUUTic6sA, Tliurber, ./jWc Gray, PI. Thurb. 306 ; Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. .!!>. of 
 Coahuila, Mexico, Tkurher, Palmer, is very glaucous, with small and fleshy rigitl leaves and 
 sessile suli)hur-yellow flowers, and has the branches so completely ligneous-indurated, that it 
 can hardly be joined witli A. Mexicana. 
 
 A. GRANDiFLORA, Swect, Brit. Fl. Card. t. 226; Lindl. Bot. Ueg. t. 1264; Hook Bot. Mag. 
 
 t. 3073, of Mexico; said to be perennial, has white petals of 1^ tp 2 inches in length, glabrous 
 
 and unarmed stems, sepals, and capsule, yet the latter occasionally bears a few spiniform seta- 
 
 A. Mexic.^xa, L. Stems, as well ivs foliage, also sepals and capsule more or 1p.«mi setcwo- 
 
 prickly : petals dull or pale yelhjw or odiroleucous, an inch or leas long, nearly sessile or 
 
 subtended by small leaves. — Spec. i. 508 ; Gray, (ien. 111. i. 112. t. 47. — Wa.ste place.-", i-om- 
 
 mon southwartl and near coast, less so northward. (Nat. from Mex.) 
 
 1 W. Am. Scientist, vili. 5, with plate ; Garti-iillora. xl. t. 13;V.i. 
 
 2 Since collected on the Santa Maria Ilivcr, Mrs. Blochman. 
 
 8 llccent important literature: Praia, An account of the Gl-uus Arj/emonef Jont. hoL xniii. 
 125>-135, 17(5-178. 
 
88 P A r A \' E K AC E.E. A r;/rmo>ie. 
 
 A.* alba, Le^tih. Flowers white, somewhat pedunculate: capsule anncil, Imt valves thiu- 
 nisli. — Hot. Belg. ed. 2, iii. pt. 2, 133, ivs interpreted by Prain, 1. c. A. 'Mlfora, Ilornein. 
 Hort. llafn. 439 ;Sinis, Bot. Maj^. t. 2342. A. Georyiuna, Croom, Am. J.uir. Sci. xxv. 75. — 
 Nebraska to Texas and S. Atlantic States. 
 
 A. platyceras, Link & Otto. Setose-hispid all over (but stem sometimes s])arsely so) : 
 petals pure wliite, li to 2 inches long: capsule strongly armed, its spines sometimes simple, 
 sunu'tinies herbaceous below and again prickly down their sides. — Ic. 1*1. Kar. Hort. Berol. 
 i. 85, t. 43 ; Wats. 1. c. ^l. his/jt'da, Gray,i PI. Fendl. 5. A. munita, Durand & Ililg. Jour. 
 Acad. Philad. ser. 2, iii. 37, & Pacif. K. Rep. v. 5, t. 1.- A. ^fexlc<ln(t, var. hispi'da, Torr. 
 Bot. Mex. Bound. 31; AVats. Bot. King Exp. 13. — Open plains and banks of .streams, 
 Rocky Mountains of Colorado to California, Tex.is. &c. (Mex., and nat. in S. Am., &c.) 
 Var.* ij6sea, Coulter. Flowers rose-color or purplish. — Contrib. IT. S. Nat. Herb. i. 30, IL 
 12. — S. Texas near coast. Corpus Cliristi, Neallc//. (Coahuila, Palmer.) 
 
 A. COrymbosa, Green-e, Habit of the foregoing, equally prickly, very leafy up to the 
 crowded corvmbose cyme of flowers, glabrous : leaves obovate and nearly orbicular, spar- 
 inglv repand, the faces as prickly as the edges : petals white, apparently only half inch 
 long: capsule 4-5-valved, rather narrow and pointed, only aa inch long, long-prickly. — 
 Buil. Calif. Acad. Sci. ii. 59. — Mohave Desert, S. E. California, Mrs. Curran. 
 
 9. PAP AVER, Tourii. Poppy. (Latiu name of Poppy, of obscure deri- 
 vation.) — Annual or perennial herbs ; with narcotic juice milky, rarely turning 
 yellow, mostly pinnately lobed or dissected leaves, showy flowers solitary on long 
 peduncle, drooping in bud except in the large-flowered perennial species. — Inst. 
 237, t. 119, 120; L. Gen. no. 423. 
 
 * Annuals of the Old World, sparingly and locally adveutive, not enough so to count as 
 constituents of our flora. 
 
 P. SOMNIFERDM, L. (G.vRDEN or Opium Poppy.) Glaucous, glabrous, or peduncles hispid : 
 leaves clasping, oblong, undulate, dentate or inci.sed : condla large, purple to wliite: cai)sule 
 globular, with numerous septiform placenta. — Escajx'd from gardens in some jjlaccs at the 
 East. 
 
 P. lliKfeAS, L. (Corn Poppy of Eu.) Sparsely hispid; leaves deeply pinnatifid and lobes 
 incisely dentate or again pinnatifid : corolla 2 to 4 inches in diameter, scarlet, often with dark 
 centre: capsule globular, glabrous: stigmatic rays and placenta; 8 to 12. — Rare in l)allast 
 grounds : found occasionally in grain-fields 
 
 P. DUBiuM, L. Smaller and leaves more cut into narrower lobes than in the last; bristles 
 on peduncles appressed: corolla paler red: capsule oblong, narrowed at base, glabrous- 
 stigmatic rays 6 to 12. — Cult, fields, S. Penn. to N. Carolina, local. 
 
 P. Argemose, L. Leaves twice piimately parted into narrow lobes : flowers smaller, red- 
 purple: filaments dilated upward; capsule davate, usually hispid: stigmatic rays 4 to 6. — 
 Commons at Piiiladel])liia, Dijfenbam/h 
 
 * * Annual, indigenou.s. 
 P.* Californicum, Gray.^ Very much like P. dulmtm, but hairs scanty, much finer: 
 
 jictals saffron or more red, with lemon-colored or greenisli eye toward the base : capsule 
 
 (about half inch long) clavate-turbinate, 6-11-merous; dehiscing by dentiform sulxiuadrate 
 
 valves a line long and wide, disclosing the placenta3. — Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 313; Bran- 
 
 degee, Zoe, ii. 121 ; Greene, Fl. Francis. 280. 1 P. Lemmoni, Greene, Pittonia, i. 168, a very 
 
 1 In the light of Miss Eastwood's notes (Zoe, iv. 4), A. HfsproA, Gray, differs strikingly in the 
 field from the tj'pical A . platyceras, the former being much more densely setose, with, generally 
 much finer spines or bristles, more sessile heads, paler foliage, and less deeply pitted seeds. It is 
 doubted, however, whether these differences are more than varietal, as apparent intermediates occur. 
 
 2 Add Greene, Fl. Franci.s. 281. 
 
 3 The description of this species, not having been prepared for the Flora by Dr. Gray, Ikis been 
 translated from his original publication with slight alteration!?, and the literatui-e and synonymy 
 added. 
 
Chdiduuiuin. I'Al'AVKUAl'E.i:. 8U 
 
 nearly related if not confluent species. — Santa Inez Mts., S. Calif., Si„nce, limndnjie, north- 
 ward to Sau Luis Obispo Co. {P. Lcmmoni), ace. to Greene, 1. c, and Houtli at leaiit to Lob 
 An^reles Co., ace. to McClatchie. Especially abundant on burns. 
 * * * Arclic-alpiiie, acaulc^ccnt, ]H'reiinial. 
 P. nudicaiile, L. Dwarf, liirsute-hlspid: leaves all in a rmlical tuft, ol)lonK-spatulate or 
 ol)ov:ite in uiulinc, pinnatitid or below pinnalely divided; divisions spalulale to Unteolati-. 
 entire or :2-3-cleft : petals lialf inch to incii lonj^, rarely orangt- or wliitish: capsule fnmi 
 short-obovate to turbinate-oblouf^, nio.stly hispid: sti^niatic rays and placenta; 4 to 7, usually 
 6 or 7.— Spec. i. 507, & ed. 2, i. 725 (Dill. Kith. t. 224) ; vi Dan. t. 41 ; DC. Syst. ii. 7o'; 
 I'vlkan, Mououf. Pa]). 10. — Wliclhcr or not liie species should include P. aljunum, L. ui 
 Kiiroju'iui Alj)s, ours is all 
 
 Var. arcticum, Elkan, 1. c. with dark hairy scapes rarely over a span hij;h, and divis- 
 ions of leaves entire or sparingly cleft : capsule short and thi<k, or even obovate-globo.se (na 
 iu P. microcarpum, DC. Syst. ii. 71, & P. nudicuule, Keichenb. Ic. I'l. Crit. t. 742). — J'. 
 alpinum, Hook. f. Arc. I'l. 284,313; Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. ser. 2, xxxiii. 407. — 'rhrou;.jh 
 Arctic Coast and Islands to Hudson Bay, Uualask:i, and alpine Kocky Mountains to S. 
 Colorado. (Greenland E. to Kanitschatka.) 
 
 10. MEC0N6PSIS, Vi^niier. (Mry/cwi', poppy, oi/^is, reseiiiblauce.) — 
 Poppy-like herbs, with yellow juice, W. Europeuu and Himalayan pcreiioials, 
 with the following outlying species. -^ Hist, des Pav. 11, 48; DC. Fl. Fr. 
 Suppl. 586, & Syst. ii. 86; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 52. 
 
 M. lieteropliylla, Bknth. Glabrous annual, a foot or two high, simjile or branching : 
 leaves soniewliat succulent, i)innately parted or divide<l, mostly petioled ; divisions varialde, 
 from oval to linear, entire or incised, or some pinuatifid : peduncles slender : petals half 
 inch to inch long, pale scarlet or orange-red : capsule turbinate to obovate, with style .shorter 
 than the width of the truncate summit, dehiscent by about 8 operculate lids rather than 
 valves at summit. — Trans, llort. Soc. ser. 2, i. 408; Hook. Ic. t. 732; Torr. Pacif. K. Kep. 
 iv. 64; Brew. & Wats. Rot. Calif, i. 22. J/, heteroplu/l/n & ^f. crassljhiia, Benth. I.e.; 
 Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 61. ^ — Dry ground, throughout W. California; type coll. by DuwjUis; 
 fl. summer. (Lower Calif.) 
 
 11. STYL6PH0RUM, Nutt. (Formed of orvXos, style, and <^€/>a,, to 
 bear, the style couspieuous.) — Perennial herbs with orange-yellow juice, of an 
 anomalous Japanese, another Himalayan, and the following original .species. — 
 Gen. ii. 7 ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 113, t. 48. 
 
 S. diphyllum, Nutt. 1. c. (Celandine Poppy.) Minutely pubescent or glabrate: stems 
 a foot <ir two high, two-leaved at summit and sometimes one-leaved below: leaves petioled, 
 pinnately parted, the radical into 7, cauline mostly into 5 to 7 oblong or oval sinuatiMlentate 
 divisions, upper ones more broadly conHuent: peduncles 3 to 5 in an umbelliforni clust(>r 
 between the subopposite leaves, slightly drooping iu bud : petals golden yellow, orbicuhir, 
 inch or less long, early deciduous : style abru])t, rather shorter tlian the ovary : cajisule 
 drooping, oval, about an inch long, beset with soft sjireading l)ristles: ])Iacentie 3 or 4; 
 seeds reticulated, the rhaplie strongly crested. — Gray, Man. 27, & Gen. 111. i. 114, t. 48 ; 
 Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4867. N. (lipln/llnm & S. i>etiolntiim, Nutt 1. c. 7, 8. .^■. Olueus,', Spreng. 
 Syst. ii. 570. ChclUloninm (lijilii/lliim, Miclix. Fl. i. 300. Me con ops in (hphi/lhi & M. pttioluln. 
 DC. Syst. ii. 87, 88. .1/. (hplii/l/a, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 61. — Moi.st womls, \Y. Penn. to 
 Wisconsin, and Tennessee ; ii. spring and early summer. 
 
 12. CHELIDONIUM, Touni. Celandinr, Sw.\i.i.(.w-w(.i:t. (An- 
 cient Greek name, from ;)(£/\tSo)i'. tiie swallow.) — Inst. 231, t. 116; L. (nii. no. 
 424. — Now of single species. 
 
 C. mAjus, L. Perennial or biennial, with brittle branching stems (2 to 4 feet high) and 
 copious orange and acrid juice, glaucous, more or less jiuhcscent: leaves petiok-d, pinnately 
 
 1 Add syn. Papaver heterophyUum, Greene, Fl. Francis. 281 ; P. crassi/olium, tSreene, MaJi. Riy- 
 Res. 9. 
 
90 PAPAVERACE.E. Glaucium. 
 
 divided or parted ; divisions oval, obtusely sinuate-pinuatifid, incised or dentate, upper ones 
 confluent ; peduueles terminal and axillary, umbellately several-flowered ; flowers uoddiug in 
 the bud : petals yellow, lialf, iucli or less long : linear capsules inch or two long. — ISpec. i. 
 505. — Waste and moist ground near dwellings; fl. summer. (Nat. from Eu.) 
 
 13. GLAtJCIUM, Tourn. Horned Poppy. {TXavKLov, the aucieut 
 Greek name, from the glaucous foliage.) — Annuals, biennials or subperennials, 
 of the Old World, one sparingly naturalized. — Inst. 254, t. 130; Hall. Enum. 
 Ilelv. i. 304. 
 
 G. LUTEUM, Scop. A foot Or two high, wHth stout and rigid stems, glaucous, also pubescent : 
 leaves thickish ; radical bipinnatifid, hairy ; upper catdine sinuate-pinuatifid, auriculate- 
 clasping : flowers mostly solitary, terminating the branches : petals golden yellow, inch or so 
 long : capsule a span to a foot long, filiform, rigid, curved : stigmas with divaricate or 
 deflexed base. — Fl. Carn. ed. 2, i. 369 ; Gray, Man. ed. 2, 26. G.jiacitm, DC. Syst. ii. 94. 
 t'lielidonlum Glaucium, L. Spec. i. 506; Fl. Dan. t. 585.1 — Sandy sea-shore, Montaulc, New 
 York/^ to Virginia, in a few places; fl. summer. (Nat. from Eu.) 
 
 14. ESCHSCHOLTZIA, Cham. (Dedicated by Chamisso to Br. J. F. 
 Eschscholtz, his companion in the scientific expedition under Kotzebue, during 
 which the original of this familiar genus was by them collected. Menzies had 
 collected it long before.) — Pacific N. American low annuals, or the original 
 species perennial, pale and glaucescent, mainly glabrous ; with petioled leaves 
 dissected into narrow linear-spatulate to filiform lobes, and (normally) yellow 
 pedunculate flowers, in spring and summer. Watery juice of herbage with odor 
 like that of hydrochloric acid, that of root yellowish. Cotyledons of the. common 
 species notched and in germination 2-cleft. — Cham, in Nees, Honii Phys. Berol. 
 73, t. 15; Cham. &, Schlecht. Linutea, i. 554; DC. Prodr. iii. 344.^ Chryseis, 
 Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1948 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 63. 
 
 * Dilated torus funnelform, bearing an expanded rim outside of the insertion of the calyp- 
 
 trate calyx : mature seeds with a coarse and salient superficial reticulation of tiie 
 
 episperni : flowers lasting for 3 or 4 days. 
 
 E. Californica, Cham. 1. c. Flowering as an annual, but short-lived perennial with thickish 
 
 brandling roots, at length a foot or two high and leafy -stemmed : petals flabelliform, inch 
 
 and a half long at the largest, saffron or orange, varying to pure yellow: expanded rim of 
 
 the torus when fully developed a line or two wide, but varying down to less than half that 
 
 width.— Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1168; Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. t". 265; Hook. Bot. JNIag. t. 2887; 
 
 Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1635 (mostly narrow-rimmed form); Spach, Hist. Veg. vii. 48, t. 140. 
 
 E. crocea, Benth. Trans. Hort. Soc. ser. 2, i. 407 ; Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1677 , Sweet, Brit. Fl. 
 
 Gard. ser. 2, t. 299; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3495. E. tennifolia, var., Benth, PI. Hartw. 296, 
 
 not of Trans. Hort. Soc, nor of Hook. Chn/seis compacta, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1948.* C. (or 
 
 1 Add syn. Glaucium Glaucium,. Karst. Deutsch. Fl. 649. 
 
 2 Eastward to Rhode Island, Peckham. " 
 
 8 Recent literature : Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 271-273; Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. i. GG- 
 72, 1S2, 1S3; K. Brandegee, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, i. 24.5-251, & Zee, i. 278-2S2. While Mrs. 
 Brandegee's observations on the intergradation of these plants are .substantiated by specimens, the 
 general reduction of fonns so different to one si^ecies is undesirable. 
 
 4 Add syn. E. compacta, Walp. Rep. i. 116, a species recently restored by Prof. E. L. Greenu, 
 who regards it as strictly annual. E. tenuisecta, Greene, Pittouia, i. 169, is a form of the same. 
 E. Californicum, as wdely drawn by Dr. Gray, should probably include also the following species, 
 based largely upon vegetative and doubtfidly trustworthy characteristics. E. leptandra, Greene, 
 Pittonia, i. 169, a very glaucous form with short and rather broad leaf-segment.s. (Neither the 
 number of stamens nor the length of the anthers furnishes a satisfactory distinction.) E. cucullata, 
 Greene, Erythea, ii. 120, a maritime form with leaves " compact and small, all the divisions broad, 
 when young strongly cucullate-incurved and even in age noticeably so." E. glauca, Greene, Pittonia, 
 i. 45, a glaucous form ^vith delicate foliage. 
 
Exchsclioltzia. I'Al'ANKltACE.E. <Jl 
 
 A'.) Doiu/lasii, & Califoniicn, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. C.tU ; Ilouk. & Arn. Hut. Beei-Ji. .Tl'j. — 
 Oreyuu aud through the whole length of California, most tomiium ulung tlie i<j;»>t, where 
 also most perennial and semporflorent. The var. DoKi/lasii in a form wjtli narrower t«iriw- 
 rim, and i)ure yellow corolla. First coll. liy Minziis, later hy CIkiihissh &, Ksriiscliullz. 
 
 ?E.* ambigua, (Jrkenk. Annual, dwunda-nt, glaucous and sialirous-pulicrident through- 
 out: otherwise scarcely distinguishalde from forms of tlie preceiling. — Fl.Fnincis.2HC; 
 Man. Hay-Keg. 11. — Central California near the coast, San Lui.i Ol.ispo, Mr. ,y Mm. 
 I.i'iiimnn, Mt. Dialilo, acc. to Greene, and (?) at Castroville, liidndtijev. 
 
 E.* maritima, Gukkne. Perennial, den.sely cinereous-pnlieruleut : stems " pnwtrate." verv 
 leafy : cauline leaves rather small, with short crowded segments: calyptm of the luid short- 
 oblong, half incli ill length, aliru])tly narrowed to a blunt apex: petals three fourths imh 
 long, "lemon-yellow with a rhomboidal spot of orange at biise:" jmmI an inch and a half 
 in length; .seeds nearly smooth. — I'ittonia, i. GO. — Abundant on clayey slopes near the 
 sea, Sau Miguel Island, California, (ininie. 
 
 E. peninsularis, Gkkkne. Winter annual (or sometimes perennial t), tufted and many- 
 stemmed from the tap-root, at fir.st scapo.se, a span or two high : petals flabelliform or 
 hroadly cuueate, golden yelhnv, .5 to 8 lines long; expanded rim of the torus conspicuous: 
 seeds less favose-reticulated. — Hull. Calif. Acad. Sci. i. 68, 18.3. — Common in S California, 
 from San Bernardino Co. to San Diego, &c.. Coulter, Pmish, Oicittl, &c. ; also :us far nortii 
 as upper part of Salinas Valley, Brewer. (Lower Calif.) 
 
 * * Dilated torus cyathiform or tubular-campauulate, destitute of exjtanded rim or Iiorder, 
 although the edge sometimes becomes sphacelate and a little ftcurved in age, a hvaliue 
 internal edge (within tlie insertion of the calyx) commonly a little i)rojecting: annuals, 
 mostly low or slender. 
 •i— Petals from one thinl to two tliirds or rarely an inch long, broadly cuneate, hunting more 
 than one day. 
 
 -H- Seeds superficially reticulated or almost smooth. 
 
 E. ramosa, Grkenk. Glaucous and glabrous, with rigid erect stems branching above, verv 
 leafy to tlie top: leaves much di.ssected into narrow linear and divaricate divisions and 
 lobes; upper usually surpassing the short-peduncles: ])etals ([uarter to half inch long, light 
 yellow (or orange in drying): torus turbinate. — Hull. Torr. Club, xiii. 217. JC. tlii;iiii.i, 
 var. ramosa, Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. i. 182. E. Californiai, var. In/ptcoules, Wats. 
 Proc. Am. Acad. xi. 112 (form with smaller flowers). — Santa Cruz lslau<l off Santa Barbara, 
 California, Greene, San Clcmeute, Xn-iii & Lijon. (Lower Californian islands, Slrtcl:, 
 Palmer, Greene.) 
 
 E. CSespitosa, Benth. (ilaucous, sparsely hispidnlous below wlien young, or else quite 
 glabrous, commonly leafy only at base, and the leaves with narrow- or cuneate linear 
 ascending divisions and lobes: peduncles ehmgated: earlier ones .scapiform. a span or two 
 long; later ones from more or less leafy steins : petals pure yellow, half inch to inch long: 
 torus tui-binate to oblong-turbinate. — Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 272; E. caspitosa &. 
 E. tenuijhlia, Benth. Trans, llort. Soc. ser. 2, i. 408, therefore C/in/.ieis ni.i/il/osa & C. (en<ii- 
 folia, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. G.'J, 64. E. Cnlifornica, var. /iifpecoide.i, Brew. & Wats. Hot. Calif, 
 i. 2.3. E. Doiirjlasii, Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. iv. 64. E. Anst'nuv, Greene, Bull. Calif. Ac:id. 
 Sci. i. 69. — Common throughout California, especially northwiird and westward. 
 
 Var. hypeCoid.es, Gray, 1. c. Leafy stenimeil, slender (:i sp.in to a foot high). «ith 
 coarser lobes to the leaves, and petals Inilf inch long or less. — E. /n/piroidis, Benth 1. c. 
 CJiri/seis hi/pecoides, Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 64. — W. California,' CoulUr, IhnujUis, &e. No scckls 
 seen : torus u.sually narrow. 
 
 E. Mexicana. Giu-kni:. AVholly ghibrous, glaucous, low and .scajmse or with later leafy 
 braiK-lies: leaves of thick and firm texture and rather coarsely ami compactly dis.<ected : 
 l)eduncles 2 to 10 inches long: jietals orange yellow, very broad, half inch to :xlmost inch 
 long: torus turbinate or campanulate — Hull. C:ilif. Ac:ul. Sci. i. 6'.» ; (iriy. 1. c. E. 
 Domilasii, var. parrnla, Gray. PI. Wright, ii. 10. — Plains of Arizona, S. I'taii. and New 
 Mexico,- Biijelow, TIntrher, Neirherrji, Janvier, Mrs. Thompson, liu.tlii/, &c. (Adj. Mex. Ik-Iow 
 El I'aso, Wright, Guadalupe Islaml, Lower Calif., E. eler/atis, Greene ?) 
 
 1 Northward to OrcL'oii, Huictll. '^ San Hcrnardiiio Co., Cilif., Pansh. 
 
U2 PAPAVERACEiE. EschschoUzia. 
 
 ++ ++ Seeds with thick gray coat and large deep pits. 
 
 B. glyptosperma, Gkeene. Dwarf, wholly seapose : leaves much dissected into crowded 
 tilituriii-liuear divisions : scapes a span high : petals very broad, hardly half inch long : seeds 
 globose, coai-sely tuberculate-favose, the coriaceous meshes nearly as broad as the pits. — 
 Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. i. 70. — S. E. California, on the Moliave Desert, Mrs. Curran. Prob- 
 ably also on eastern slope of San Jacinto Mountain, Parish (E. Paris/iii, Greene, 1. c. 183), 
 and S. Utah, Mrs. Thompsoit, and Bill Williams Fork, Biyelow (Pacif. R. Kep. iv. 64, under 
 E. Doufflasii, var. tenuifolia), but seeds not seen. 
 
 ++++++ Seed-coat strongly muricate-squamose : leaves with narrow and comparatively few 
 divisions. 
 
 E. tenuifolia, Hook. Minutely hispidulous-pubescent below, or glabrous, seapose and 
 tufted from the slender root : divisions of the leaves seldom over 9 or 11 , mostly narrow- 
 linear: scapes a span or more high: petals liglit yellow, at most half inch long: torus 
 turbinate: seeds oval, densely muricate with oblong obtu-^e flattened processes in about 12 
 longitudinal rows. — Bot. Mag. t. 4812, excl. syn. ; Greene, 1. c. 70, excl. syn. ; not Benth. 
 E. Douglasii, var. tenuifolia, Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. iv. 64. E. Californica, var. ccespitosa, Brew. 
 & AVats. Bot. Calif, i. 23, excl. syn.i — California, valley of the Sacramento and adjacent 
 foothills of the Sierra Nevada ; first coll. by Fremont. 
 
 4— 4— Petals quarter inch long or less, obovate, soon deciduous : seeds with reticulate 
 surface. 
 
 E. minutiflora, Watson. Glabrous, leafy-stemmed and branching, a span to a foot high : 
 leaves thickish, small :" peduncles mostly shorter than the slender (inch or two long) capsule : 
 petals a Jine or two long, broadly obovate. — Proc. Am. Acad. xi. 122; Brew. & Wats. 
 1. c. ; Greene, 1. c. E. Californica, var. hypecoides, Wats. Bot. King Exp. 14, excl. syn. 
 E. modesta, Greene, Pittonia, i. 169. — N. Nevada, S. Utah to W. Arizona and southern 
 borders of California; first coll. by Newberry in Arizona, by Watson in Nevada. 
 
 E. rhombipetala, Gkeene. Sparsely scabro-hispidulous below or glabrate, depressed- 
 spreading, very leafy at base, a span or two high : peduncles stout, subscapose, hardly 
 exceeding the tufted leaves, mostly longer than the large 2 or 3 inch long capsules : petals 
 rhombic-obovate, a quarter inch long, fugacious. — Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. i. 71. -Valley of 
 the San Joaiiiiin and Sacramento, Mrs. Curran. 
 
 Recently published species of doubtful affinity. 
 
 E.* Lemmoni, Gkke.ne. " Annual, 6 to 12 inches high, with numerous ascending branches 
 h-aiy l)elow, hoary pubescent throughout, e\'en to the capsules, with short spreading white 
 hairs; leaves with elongated petioles; peduncles stoutish, quadrangular, the earliest scapi- 
 form ; torus urceolate, 3-4 lines long, nearly glabrous, constricted just below the narrow, 
 erect hyaline border; calyptra ovate, long acuminate, very conspicuously hairy; petals 
 orange-color, nearly or quite an inch long." — West Am. Sci. iii. 157 ; Fl. Francis. 287.— 
 " Fields near Cholame, San Luis Obispo Co., Mr. ^ Mrs. Lemmon." The character quoted 
 from the original description. 
 
 Order IX. FUMARIACEtE. 
 
 By a. Gkay. 
 
 Nr^.arpst Papaveracece, now more commonly combined ^ith that order ; but 
 always with bland watery juice, and irregular dimerous flowers with definite (0) 
 diadelphous stamens in a more or less closed corolla. Leaves compound, usually 
 much dissected, tender, alternate. Sepals 2, small and scale-like. Petals 4 in 
 two pairs ; outer (lateral ones) with spreading tips, one or both spurred or saccate 
 at base : inner pair narrower, with callous-crested tips cohering over the enclosed 
 1 Add syn. E. cicspiiosa, Greene, Fl. Francis. 287, not Benth. 
 
Vkenlra. FUMARI.U"!:.!:. 93 
 
 stigma, which is flattened contrary to and has lobes alternate with the placentju. 
 Stamens two sets of three each, the phalanxes opposite the outer and lar^jjer pilals : 
 middle anther of each 2-eelled, lateral ones l<'elled. Ovary 1-celled with two 
 parietal several-ovuled placentae ; in fruit usually a siliquiform capsule, with the 
 two valves falling away from the nerviform' placentju, as in most of the Pajxne- 
 racem. Stigma often 2-horned or 2-lobed on each side alternate with the placenta'. 
 Ovules amphitropous or anatropous. Seeds with minute embryo in Heshy albu- 
 men. Fumaria has a one-ovuled ovary, becoming an indeliiscent nuculaceous 
 fruit. 
 
 * Corolla liiufilibous or two-spurred; tlic two outer and hirf^er (hilenil) jietala similar: 
 ciijisiile sili(|iiiforin, several-seeded. 
 
 1. ADLUMIA. Petals permanently united into a snlu-ordaie siioncjy-cellular or ni.ircesecnt- 
 persistent corolla, enclosing the slender ripe capsule Stamens liigii-monadelplious, at 
 summit diadelphous. Seeds crestless. 
 
 2. DICENTRA. Petals less or sliglitly uiiited into a 2-spurred or merely 2-;,'il.l)ons n«'(ta- 
 rifenius cnrnlla. Stamens diadeljjlious ; tlie filaments of eacii jtlialaiix partly or li;,'litly 
 cohering, at least abt)ut the middle, or distinct. Seeds mostly crested. Peilicels 2-ljracteolate. 
 
 * * Corolla with only one of the outer petals spurred or gil)l)ous and nectariferous, \>\ 
 torsion becoming posterior, all erect anil convenient U]) to the shut ti|»s of the outer. A 
 nectariferous spur-like process from tlie base of the filaments on that si(k' projects into 
 the petal-spur. 
 
 3. CORYDALIS. Capsule few-many-seeded. Seeds with a concave arilliform cre.st. 
 Style mostly jiersistent. Corolla deciduous. 
 
 FUMAKIA. Flower of Cori/dalis on a small scale. Style deciduous. Ovary uni-ovulate. 
 Fruit a one-seeded nutlet. Old World genus. 
 
 F. OFFICINALIS, L. A widely branched low annual, with finely dissected foliage, and ilonso 
 racemes of small flesh-colored flowers with dark crimson tips, — a weed in and about gardens 
 and on dunghills, — can hardly be said to be naturalized in this country. 
 
 1. ADLtJMIA, Raf. (Major John Adlum, a cultivator at Washington in 
 the early part of the century.) — Med. Rep. hex. 2, v. 352, & in Desv. Jour. 
 Bot. ii. 169 (1H09) ; DC. Syst. ii. 111. —Single species. 
 
 A. cirrhosa, Kaf. 1. c. Glaucous biennial or annual, glabrous l)ranching, leafy, climbing 
 over shrubs by means of the tendril-like petiolules : leaves .'B-pinnate, usually i|uiuately 
 divided ; leallets small, obovate or cuneate, mostly 3-5-lohed : flowers numerous in loo.<c and 
 axillary cymose panicles: corolla white with tinge of flesh-color, in age becoming dull 
 colored and scarious: stigma 4-lobe(l ; seeds 8 to 12, black and shining. — Darlingt. Kl. 
 Cestr. 399; Sweet, Brit. Fl. Card. t. 189; Torr. & Gray. Fl. i. 68; Gray, (ien. III. i. 122, 
 t. 51 ; Sprague & Goodale, Wild Flowers, 67, t. 13. ^ FuiiKirin fiini/osa, Ait. Kew. iii. 1. 
 F. recta, Michx. Fl. ii. 51. BicucuUa fumarioides, Borkh. in Ua-m. Archiv. i pt. 2,46. (^'.i/»- 
 noides scandens, Mamch, Meth. Snppl. 21. 3. Corj/dalis fnuffosn. Vent. Choix Cels, t. 19. — 
 Low and shaded grounds, New Brunswick to Lake Superior and mouutiiins of N. Carolina; 
 fl. summer. 
 
 2. DIC:&NTRA, r.()rkh., IVrnh. (A,'?, /ccVrpor, two-spiMT.Ml : but nanu> is 
 printed Diclytra, from 8i? and kX.vtpov, said to mean "■ with two spurs." while 
 there is no such word.) — Perennial and glabrous herbs; with variously com- 
 pound leaves, none climbing except the peculiar Himalayan sertirm 'f Durfi/fo- 
 cafmos ; the genuine species all E.Asian and the following. — Hi-rnh. I.iini:i':». 
 viii. 457, 468 ; Endl, Gen. 859; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 119, t. 50. J)ir/,//ni S^ Caj,- 
 
 1 Add.syn. A.fun<ios:i, Creeiu'. in Torr. Club. Preliin. C;it. -V. \..\. 
 
94 FUMARIACEJ:. Dkemra. 
 
 norchis, Borkh. 1. c. Diclytra, DC. Syst. ii. 1 07. Dielytra, Hook. Fl. Bur.-Am. 
 i. 35. Capnorchis (Boerh.), Planch. Fl. Serres, viii. 828. Bicucullata, Juss. 
 fide L. Gen. ed. 6, no. 841).-' (Much uouki liave been saved if Bernhardi had 
 taken the name Capnorchis.) 
 
 § 1. CUCULLAKIA. Acaulesceut" and scapose : corolla white or tipped with 
 cream-color or flesh-color, flattened: a gland or gibbosity at base of middle fila- 
 ments, the more conspicuous as the nectariferous petals are more saccate : seeds 
 crested. — Capnorckis, Boerh. Ind. Alt. PI. Hart. Lugd.-Bat. 309, not Borkh. 
 Bicucullata or Cucullaria, Juss. 
 
 * Inflorescence .simple aud racemiform, several-one-flowered, the uppermost flower earliest: 
 petioles aud scapes a span high : leaves ternately decompound, tlie lobes linear or nearly 
 so. — jyicentra, Bernh. Linntea, viii. 468. 
 D. TEXUiFOLiA, DC. (that is, Diclytra tenuifolia & D. lachennliajlora, DC. Syst. ii. 110, 
 Cori/dalis tenuifolia, Fursh), described from Pallius's specimens, belongs to the Asiatic coast and 
 is not know-n on the American side. It is distinguished by its fibrous roots from a small root- 
 stock, very much and finely dissected leaves, the divisions very narrow, acute, and crowded, 
 1-5-flowered scape, corolla nearly an inch. long, the narrow upper half of the outer petals 
 recurving. 
 
 D. pauciflora, Watson. A span or more high from thickish-filiform and fleshy creei)iiig 
 and branching rootstocks which bear small granular bulblets: leaves small, 2-3-ternate and 
 tlie divisions laciniately subpinnatifid into lanceolate- or spatulate-linear lobes : scape bearing 
 2 or -3 or sometimes solitary nodding flowers : corolla almost inch long, white or sliglitly 
 fle.~h-colored, withering-persi:?tent ; outer petals with saccate spar and linear-oblong recurving 
 tip considerably shorter than the body ; inner witli ligulate claw abruptly contracted at apex 
 into a short stalk, which abruptly dilates into the elongated ligulate-spatulate lamina : style 
 elongated. — Bot. Calif, ii. 429. — N. California, Jiear snow on Scott Mountains, in summer, 
 G refine ; also, at less elevation, near Castle Lake, Lemmon.^ 
 D. uniflora, Kellogg. Smaller, 2 to 4 inches high, from a fascicle of narrow-fusiform 
 and pei-peudicular fleshy tubers : leaves less com])Ound and lobes more spatulate : scape 
 1-2-flowered : flower seemingly erect, half incli long ; outer petals merely gibbous-saccate at 
 ba.«ie, their spatulate-linear recurving tips very much longer than the body ; inner with 
 lamina dilated and hastate at base directly from the oblong-lmear claw : style short. — I'roc. 
 Calif. Acad. Sci. iv. 141, with fig.; Brew". & AVats. Bot. Calif, i. 24; Coulter, Man. Rocky 
 Mt. Reg. 14. — Sierra Nevada, California, near Cisco and Sierra Valley, Kellof/u, Lemmon ; 
 high mountains of Wyoming and Utah, Coulter, C'hadbourne, &c. ; Mt. Adams, Washing- 
 ton, Sulcsdorf. 
 D. Canadensis, DC. (SoriRRKL-coRN.) A span or two high, from filiform creeping 
 mot stocks bearing clusters of golden yellow fleshy grains about the size of those of Indian 
 corn (each the t1'i>rKened base of a petiole or in place of it) : leaves usually once or twice 
 ternately and then quinatcly compound, then pinnately parted into linear divisions : scape 
 bearing few or several nodding fragrant flowers : corolla pearl-white or tinged with rose, 
 tardily deciduous, at most inch long, cordate in outline (the saccate bases short and round- 
 i.<h), outer petals connivent up to the short ovate-saccate spreading tips ; inner conspicu- 
 ously wing-crested on the back at summit. — Prodr. i. 126 {Diclytra); Hook. Bot. Slag, 
 t. 3031 (Dielytra); Torr. & Gray, Fl. i, 67 (Dieli/tra) ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 120. t. .50. 
 D. eximia. Beck, Bot. 23 (Diclytra). D. eximia, var.. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 3.5 (Dielytra) ; 
 Darlingt. Fl. Ce.st. 399 (Dielytra). Corydnlis formo.sa, FuTsh,'F\. u. 4e,2, Tpurily. C. Cana- 
 densis. Gt)ldie, Edinb. Phil. .Jour. vi. 330; Thom.a.s, Am. Jour. Sci. xxvi. 114, with plate.8 — 
 Woods in vegetable mould. Nova Scotia to Michigan, Penns'U .inla :in(l Kinitnoky, but 
 chiefly northward ; fl. spring. 
 
 1 Add sj'n. Capn'iTchis & Capnode.i, Greene, Fl. Francis. 278, 280. 
 
 2 Reported by Coville (Contrib. U. S. Nnt. Herb. iv. 60) from near Mineral King, Tulare Co., 
 Calif., wliieh greatly extend.s the ranjre of the species. 
 
 8 .\dd syn. BicncHlla Cana<len.'ns, Millsf). Fl. W. Va. 327. 
 
Dicentra. 
 
 FUMAIUACH.E. O-J 
 
 D. Cucullaria, I^C. (DuTtnMAN's Bheixuks.) Rutlier lar;,'<r, with similar f.iliri-;f; 
 tulifrdus-lliickeiicd suliterraiieaii leaf-hases angular, white ur rcihliwli, cullfctcil to form si 
 kind o! scaly llcshy liulh: seape in-aring several noihling flowers (in Oregon sometimeH 
 paniculate) : corolla (leci(hu)us in fruiting, white witii yellowish tips, divergently 2-(»purre(l 
 at base, the spurs as long as the hody and longer than the pedicel; crest of inner ]M-tuls 
 small, semioval, bladdery. — Syst. ii. \()^ {/>irl;/tnt) ; Hook. M. Bor.-Am. i. 35 (l)iil^tra); 
 Torr. & Gray, 1. c GG (Did'/lra) ; Lemaire, 111. Ilort. vi. t. 215 {/iiil,/ir<i). J)icl,/lm 
 Canadensis, Horkh. 1. c. 46. Jiicncnllala {('(niddnnsis), Juss. Act. I'ar. IT.'J.'J, cited :u» L'lirnl- 
 /«rirt, Juss. by L. ; whence Fitmaria C«c«//ani», L. Spec. ii. 099 ; Sim.s, Hot. Mag. t. 1127. 
 F. pallida, Salisb. Prodr. 377. Con/dalis Cucullaria, Ters. Syn. ii. 209. Cumluriu hull-Ma, 
 Kaf. Med. Kep. liex. 2, v. 352,& in i)esv. Jour. liot. ii. 109 (lK()9).i {/)irli/l,a l,rart,osa, DC 
 Svst. ii. 109, would seem to be a monstro.sity of this species, prolial)ly from Canada.) — 
 "\Voods in vegetable mould. Nova Scotia to L. Huron, .south to N. Carolina in the monntaiim 
 and Missouri, and northwest to Idaho and Oregon- (where occurs an oliscure form with 
 much shorter and rounded spurs) ; fl. spring. 
 
 * * Inflorescence thyrsoid, subulate-bracteate, flowering for a long time, ami the usually 
 rose-purple or flesli-colored cordate corolla withering-jtersistent around the fruit : tijis <if 
 the inner petals rather conspicuously crested on the i)ack : glands of the fllaments obso- 
 lete (stigma with a double pair of lobes in both species) : jdants about a fo(jt high fr<ini 
 rather stout and fleshy branching and spreading rootstalks: leaves once or twice ter- 
 natcly compound and then quinately or piunately dissected into rather coarse oblong ancl 
 incised divisions, usually green above, glaucescent beneath. — Eucajmos, Beruh. Linmea, 
 viii. 468. 
 D. formosa, DC. Corolla cordate, and with very short ucck under the short and ovate- 
 cvmliifurm spreading tips of the outer petals ; crests of inner petals little surpassing their 
 tii)s; all the petals united up to above the middle. — Syst. ii. 109 (/>/<//// /(»), excl. syn. 
 I'ursh and eastern habitat ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 665 {Dlcli/lra) ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 
 i^24, ii. 429. Dleli/lra saccata, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, I.e. 67. D. crimia, Hook. Fl. Bor.- 
 Am. i. 35, excl. var. Fumaria formosa, Andr. Bot. Rep. vi. t. 393 (flowers poorly repre- 
 sented); Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1335. Cor i/dalis formosa, Spreng. Syst. iii. 162. Eurapnos 
 formosa, Beruh. 1. c. — In woods, Brit. Columbia to tlie middle of California ; first coll. liy 
 Meuzics. Occasionally with yellowish flowers as in coll. Rattan. 
 D. eximia, DC 1. c. {Dir/i/tra). Corolla tapering from the cordate ba.se into a longer and 
 uarrower neck, early separating to much l)elow tlie middle ; lax tij)s of the outer j)etals 
 longer and acuminate ; of the inner surpassed by the jjrolonged apex of the crest. — Torr. 
 & Gray, Fl. i. 665 (fJieli/trn) ; Gray, .Man. 29. Fumaria e.rimia, Ker, Bot. Ueg. t. 50. 
 F. formosa, Poir. Suppl. v. 684. Cori/dnlis formosa, Pur.sh, Fl. ii. 402, excl. syn. & var. ; 
 Tliomas, Am Jour. Sci. xxvi. 114, with plate. Ei(ra/mns erimins, Bernh. 1. c.-' — Wo<«lcil 
 l)anks, W. New York (station not now known), to the mountains of Virginia, N. Carolina, 
 and Tennessee ; perhaps fir.st coll. by Li;on. 
 
 § 2. Chrysocapxos, Torr. C:iule.sceiit and bniiuliini.' stoiit-roott^il peren- 
 nials : inflorescence compound, thyrsoid-paniculate : corolla yellow, snhtorete, 
 deciduous ; outer petals barely gibbous at base, hardly larger than the inner : 
 stamens high-diadelphous : slender persistent style at dehi.scenee of the capsule 
 usually fissile up to the stigma into four portions, two answering to tlie valves 
 and two to the placentae : seeds crestless, the coat dull and rough. 
 
 D. chrysantha, Hook. & Arv. Pale and glaucous : stem stout, erect, 2 to 5 feet higli : 
 leaves twice or thrice pinnate, and the more or less confluent divisions ]iinnate]y 3-5 deft or 
 incised: thyrsus elongated, many-flowered: flowers erect, half to three fourths inch long, 
 golden yellow; outer petals soon spreading or recurving to below the midille. miicroiiatp 
 beyond the small saccate tip; inner dorsally crested with a long and wide umltilato or 
 crisped wing. — Bot. Beech. 320, t. 73 {fJirli/tra) ; Torr. & (Jr.iy, V\. i. 605 {f)irl,/tra) ; Torr. 
 
 1 Add syn. Biamdla Citcullarin, Millsp. 1. c. •J \V:ishiiif;toii, Sid-silor/. 
 
 8 Add syn. Bicuculla eximia, Millsp. 1. r. 
 
06 ^ FUMARTACEiE. Dicenlra. 
 
 Bot. Mex. Bound. 32 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 24. Capnorchis chiysantha, Planchon, 
 n. Serres, viii. 193, t. 820. — Dry hills, California, from Lake Co. to San Diego and farther, 
 first coll. by Douglas ; fl. summer. 
 D. OChxoleuca, Engelm. Flowers an inch long, ocliroleucons ; only the tips of the outer 
 petals spreading ; the inner with purple tips and still larger winged crests : otherwise liko 
 the preceding, of which it may be a form. — Bot. Gaz. vi. 223. — Valleys of the Santa 
 Monica Mountains near Los Angeles, California, Engelmaun ; sandy washes, Temescal, San 
 Bernardino Co., Ljjoii.^ 
 
 3. COIl"^DALIS, Vent. (KopvSaAAis, Latin Corydalm, ancient name of 
 the crested lark.) — Herbs of wide range and various habit ; none of ours at all 
 cirrhose and climbing. —Vent. Choix Cels, 19; DC. Fl. Fr, ed. 3, iv. 636, & 
 Syst. ii. 113; Benth. «& Hook. Gen. i. 55, excl. Cysticapnos (which is original 
 CorydaUs, Dill.), «fec. 
 
 § 1. Perennial and simple-stemmed from a tuber. — Bulbocapnos, Bernh. 
 C- pauciflora, Pers. A sj)an high, from a simple or double oblong tuber, l-3-leaved below : 
 
 leavc.-i 1 -2-tcrnately divided or jjarted ; divisions obovato or spatulate, mostly entire ; raceme 
 
 capituliforra, 2-7-tlowered, leafy bracteate : corolla three fourths inch long, long-spurred, 
 
 purple. — Syn. ii. 269 ; Deless. Ic. Sel. ii. t. 9 ; Hook. Fl. Bor -Am. i. 37 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 
 
 i. 70; Ledeb. Ic t. 450. Fumaria pancijlora, Steph. in Willd. Spec. iii. 861. — N. Alaska 
 
 and Islands. (E. Siberia to Caucasus.) 
 
 C. amhi'gua, Cham. & Schlecht., comes as near as Arakamtcliem Island, on the Asiatic side 
 of Bering Strait, Wriyht. 
 
 § 2. Perennial, from thickened roots, branching, with ample 2-3-pinnate 
 leaves and many-flowefed racemes : stigma with 6 lobes or processes, one pair 
 terminal, one medial, and one basal : capsules oval or oblong, rather few-seeded. 
 Western. 
 
 * Flowers rose-colored : root tuberous-thickened : stem squamose at base, leafless for con- 
 siderable height, then few- and large-leaved. (Here the Siberian C. p(eonuffolia,FeTS., 
 Si C. girjantea, Trautv. & Meyer.) 
 
 C. Scouleri, Hook. Stem a foot to a yard high, 1-3-leaved above: larger leaves thrice 
 pinnate, then pinnately parted into oblong obtuse divisions of an inch or two in length, 
 glaucous beneath : corolla fully inch long, cylindrical spur thrice the length of the body. — 
 Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 36, t. 14. C. Scouleri & C. macrophylla (Nutt.), Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 69. — 
 Woods of Columbia River near the coast, Scouler, Cooper, &c. 
 
 * * Flowers cream-color or white, mostly with bluisli tips : stems erect from strong peren- 
 nial roots, 2 to 5 feet high, leafy throughout, glaucescent : leaflets oval or oblong, half 
 inch to inch long, mucronate : racemes terminal, dense : corolla inch or less long ; the 
 nearly straight spur fully twice the length of the rest of the flower : species or forms, 
 probably all to be reunited. 
 
 C. Caseana, Gray. Stem rather lax and succulent : hood of the outer petals concave, with 
 spreading margins, pointless or .short-pointed, and bearing a rather broad and apically pro- 
 jecting d(irsal crest : mature fruit unknown, tlie forming capsules barely half inch long, 
 elliptical, obtuse. — Proc. Am. Acad. x. 69 ; Wats. Bot. Calif, ii. 429. C. BidweUue, Wats. 
 1. c. — In water or on very wet banks, Sierra Nevada, California, from Truckee Kiver to the 
 Big Spring district in Plumas Co., Bolander,E. L. Case, Lemmon, Mrs.Ausfin, Mrs. Bidv^ell, 
 Pnrrif. 
 
 C. Cusickii, Watson, 1. c. 430. Raceme more braeteate : flowers white or purplish, with tips 
 of inner petals violet ; hood of outer petals emarginate by the development of broad thin 
 margins which are recurved over the narrow and undulate dorsal crest : capsule oblong, 
 turgid, half inch long, " elastically dehiscent from the apex downward, forcibly projecting 
 the seeds" (Cusich); seeds nearly smooth with a conspicuous orbicular carunculate crest. — 
 
 1 Near Chblame, San Luis Obispo Co., Lemmon; San Rafael Mts., Ford. 
 
Conjfluluf. FUMARIACE.E. 97 
 
 Coulter, Mau. Rocky Mt. Reg. U. — l?liu' Mountains and Enf^lo Cn-i-k Range, along alpine 
 watercourses, Cusi<k, 1877; W. Malio, on the ridge aUovc Clearwater, W'aison, lnH). 
 Largest leaves :i feet long. 
 
 C. Brandegei, Watson, 1. c. Stem.s 2 to 5 feet higii : dornal i-rest of the ho«)dK oltnolL-te 
 anil rounded summit not eniarginatc, hut margins roi-urve<l : capt<ulej< Hliort-uviil to ohloiig, 
 oblusc, reHe.xed on the asceuding pedicels: seeds with a small ariilifonu ercst. — Ci.ulti r, 
 1. c. — Mountains of S. W. Colorado, liraudeyte, 1874, Lieul. McCauley, 1877; Utah, in tlif 
 Wasatcii Mouutains, at about 10,000 feet, on rather dry banks, M. E. Jimis, 18"'J, llookrr &. 
 Grai/, 1887. 
 § 3. Annuals or (chiefly) biennials, mostly branclRd from the Iklsu, with fiin-ly 
 
 dissected leaves and siliqiiilorm capsule. 
 
 * Stem strict: flowers purple or rose-colored with yellow tips. 
 
 C. glauca, Pdrsh. a foot or two high, except in depauperate specimens, very glaucous: 
 lobes of the leaves mostly sjjatulate : racemes short, panicled at the naked summit of the 
 liranches: flowers barely half inch long: spur short and roundeil : capsnie .^lender and 
 linear; seeds minutely rugulose transversely. — Fl. ii. 4f>:^ ; Hook. P^l. Bor.-Ain. i.37; Torr. 
 & Gray, Fl. i. 69. Fnmaria sempervirens, L. Spec. ii. 700, but in no way evergreen. F.plnura, 
 Curtis, Bot. Mag. t. 179. Capnoide.s sempervirens, Borkli. in Hum. 1. c. 44. Corydalls sem- 
 pervirens, Pers. Syn. ii. 269. — Rocky or sterile ground, Nova Scotia t<» the northern Rocky 
 Mountains (and even to Brit. Columbia and Arctic Coast), south to Tcxits; fl. summer. 
 * * Low, ascending or diffuse : flowers yellow : apparently all biennials or winter-aTinuals, 
 but a common western one seemingly more enduring.' 
 H— Hood or sac of the outer petals at most cariuate but not wing-crested upon the back. 
 
 C. aurea, Willd. Comnu)nly low and sj)readiug : flowers golden yellow, about li;i" 
 long, on rather slender ])eilirels in a sliort raceme ; spur l)arely lialf the length of tl 
 somewhat decurved : capsules spreading or pendulous, about inch long, terete, i 
 when dry, lO-12-seeded : seeds turgid, obtuse at margin, the shining surface ouscurtiv it- 
 ticulat.^d. — Enum. 740; DC. Syst. ii. 12.5, partly; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 37 ; Torr. &. (iniy, 
 Fl. i. 68, mainly; Gray, Gen. 111. I. 124, t. 52, & Man. 29. C. aurea, var. inirrantlia, Wats. 
 Bot. King Exp. 14. C. aurea, var. macmutlui. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 34. Fauhnii aurea, Ker, 
 Bot. Reg. t. 66.* — Rocky banks, Lower Canada and N. New England, northwest nanl to Int. 
 61°, west to Brit. Columbia and Oregon, scmth to Texiis, Arizona. (Adj. Mex., but n.^ 
 Ja])ai'i.) Western forms with spur almost as long as the body of the corolla and passing 
 into 
 
 Var. OCCidentalis, Engelm. More erect and cespitose, from a stouter and some- 
 times more enduring r(Jot: flowers rather larger and s]»ur (almost as long as the body) 
 commonly ascending : capsules thicker, less tonilose, sometimes miiuitely prninos.'. i - 
 incurved-ascendiug on short spreading pedicels : seeds less turgid and aculish at the n; 
 — Engelm. in Gray (PI. Fendl. 6), Man. ed. 5, 62. C. wmitana, Kngclm. I. c. ; Wo.,,;, i: ... 
 & Fl. 34.8 — Colorado, New Mexico, W^. Texa-s, Arizona. (Adj. Me.\.) The typical form 
 of this (well represented by Pringle's 198 from Chihuahua, and the plant about El Paso) by 
 itself seems quite specifically distinct, and nearly approaches the next species. 
 
 C. CUrvisiliqua, Exgklm. Commonly robust, ascending or erect, a f«Mit or less hich : 
 flowers golden yellow, ovser lialf inch long, in a spiciforin raceme; spur equjilling t' 
 in length, commonly' ascending: capsules rather stout, quatlr.mgnlar, inch and a In 
 2 lines thick, incurved-a.«icending orstraighti.sh on verj- short and thickish diverging j ■ 
 seeds turgid-lenticular with acute margins, the surface thickly and minutely muricul.iii. — 
 Engelm. in Gray, Man. ed. 5, 63. C. auren, var. curvisiliqua. Gray, Pro<-. Acail. Phila«i. 
 1863, .57 (but the plant of Hall & Harbour is rather C. nurea, vnr. orcithtilivi'' • - - • 
 var.,Gr.ay. PI. Wright, ii. lO,'* — Woods and thickets. New Braunfels, &c.. Ton 
 -1— -»— \ conspicuous wing-liko crest on the Imck of the IkhmI or sa( if tfi. • 
 developed in cleistogamous flowers). 
 
 1 For Dr. Gr.ay'.s preliminary treatment of tliis difTicult pronp, -spc 1' 
 
 2 Add syn. Capnnides aurcum , Kuntze, ncc. to Rritton, Mem. Torr. CI;!,, \. i'^'.. 
 * Add .syn. Capnoides monUinum, Rritton, 1. r. 166. 
 
 4 .\iM svn. Cnjmoidi's rurviiiUquum, Kuntze. ace. to Uiition. 1. o. 
 
 7 • 
 
98 FUMARIACE^E. ( on/dalis. 
 
 C. crystallina, Engelm. Ascending or nearly erect, a foot or less high : flowers bright 
 yellow, aliuiit two thirds inch long, in a rather close or strict spike; spur mostly horizontal, 
 nearly as long as tiie body; dorsal crest sliorter than the lunul but A-cry liroad and salient, 
 usually 3-4-dentate : capsules linear-oblong, terete, half or tliree fourtiis inch long, erect on 
 extremely short pedicels, densely pruiuose with (when fresh) transparent crystalline vesicles 
 (as in the Ice-plant): seeds with acute margins, the coat minutely tubercular-reticulated. 
 — Engelm. in Gray, Man. ed. .5, 62. C. aurea, var. crystallina, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 665.1 — 
 Prairies and fields, Arkansas and S. W. Missouri ; first coll. by Ntittall. 
 
 C. flavula, DC. Slender, soon diffuse, branching: flowers usually pale yellow (rarely 
 "bright" or even "deep" yellow) a fourth or third inch long, slender-pedicelled and con- 
 spicuously bracted ; spur short anddecurved; outer petals surpas.sing the inner, acute or 
 acuminate; dorsal crest very salient and 3-4-deutate: capsules linear and slender, torulo.se, 
 pendulous or spreading on filiform pedicels: seeds comparatively large, acutely wing- 
 margined, toward the margins rugose-reticulated. — Prodr. i. 129; Gray, Man. ed. 5, 61. 
 C. aurea, var. flavula, Wood, Bot. & Fl. 34. C . flavldula,Chwpm. Fl. ed. 2, 604. Fumaria 
 flavuia, Raf. in Desv. Jour. Bot. i. 224 (1808).2 — Rocky or gravelly places, Canada, on shore 
 of L. Erie, to Virginia, Tennessee, Missouri, and Louisiana. 
 
 C. micrantha, Ghay. Slender and diffuse, a span or two high, with habit of Cjlarnl'i, but 
 with smaller bracts and short pedicels: flowers pale yellow; when well developed fully a 
 third inch long, narrow, with s\tuT a line or two long, and a lunate mostly entire crest on 
 the hack of the mucronate-tijjped hoods ; often producing only cleistogamous and smaller 
 flowers, destitute of spur and witli or without the crest : capsules linear, torulose, a.scending 
 on short pedicels: seeds turgid and obtuse at margins, as in true C. aurea. — Bot. Gaz. xi. 
 189. C. aurea, var. micrautha, Engelm. in Gray, Man. ed. 5, 62. C. aurea, var. nustralis, 
 Chapm. Fl. ed. 2, 604.^ — Waste or open ground, coast of N. Carolina, Havard, to Florida, 
 Texas, and Missouri.* Dr. Havard only has yet collected specimens showing both the 
 ordinary flowers and some cleistogamous and spurless ones. 
 
 Order X. CRUCIFER^. 
 
 The genera Draha, Lesrjuerella, Nasturtium, Dn/Ojictalon, Plati/spermum, Seloua, Parri/a, 
 Learenworthia, Dentaria, Cardamine, Arahis, and Streptanthus by S. Watson ; the remaining 
 genera, together with the ordinal character and generic key, by B. L. Robinson. 
 
 Herbaceous or rarely snffruticose plants with a watery juice. Flowers perfect, 
 regular,^ racemose, spicate, or somewhat corymbose, and (with rare exceptions) 
 ebracteate. Sepals 4, usually oblong, often colored, erect and appressed to 
 the corolla or spreading during anthesis ; the outer pair median ; the inner 
 j)air lateral, similar or more saccate at the base. Petals 4 (rarely wanting), 
 hypogynous, in a single whorl, equal, alternating with the sepals, more or less 
 distinctly unguiculate, entire, infrequently bifid or very rarely toothed or lobed, 
 yellow, white, roseate, or purple. Stamens normally 6 (rarely 4 or 2), hy- 
 pogynous, of unequal length (didynamons) ; the two outer ones lateral, shorter 
 than the others, opposite the inner sepals; the remaining four (arising by 
 collateral chorisis of an original median inner pair) longer, nearly opposite the 
 
 1 Add syn. Cnpnoides cryHnUinum. Kuntze, 1. c. 
 
 2 Add syn. Cnpnnides flnrHlum, Kuntze, 1. c. 
 
 3 Add syn. Capnoides micrantlium, Britten, 1. c. 
 
 4 Said by Patterson (PI. 111. 3) and Hill (Bull. Torr. CI. xvii. 172) to grow throughoiit Illinois; 
 also reported from Minnesota by MacMillan, Metasji. Minn. Val. 2.5.0. Specimens from these States 
 have not been seen by the editor. 
 
 ^ Except sometimes in Strepturdhus. 
 
CRUCIFEK.E. !)I) 
 
 petals; filaments sometimes (lilat('<l or toothed helow ; anthers 2(-l)-cclkMl, 
 loiigitiulinally dehiscent, eoinmonly innate, entire or sa^Mtlate at the biise, randy 
 contorted Or spirally coiled. Honey glands always present upon the rerepUul.-, 
 distinct or more or less confluent in lateral jtairs flanking the shorter bUaieus, 
 or less frcijuently also between the bases of the longer j)airs of stamens. Car[H!!, 
 2, lateral, united; ovary superior, 2-f'elled (rarely unicellular, or by the intrusion 
 of false transverse partitions several-celled in Ruphanus) ; cells collateral or in 
 one tribe (Cakilinea:) superposed, 1-many-seeded ; placentae parieUil or rarely 
 basal; style simide, elongated, short, or undeveloped, often persistent; stigma 
 terminal, regular and circular in outline or more or less distindly 2-lobed ; the 
 lobes being either lateral or median : ovules horizontal or pendulous or rarely 
 (when solitary in indehiscent cells) erect, campylotropous or aniphilropous. Fruit 
 capsular, 2-valved, or rarely indehiscent, eith(?r elongated (silique) or relatively 
 short and broad (silicel), terete, prismatic, or more or less strongly compressed, 
 either laterally and parallel to or obcompressed contrary to the partition, some- 
 times inflated or wing-margined ; seeds exalbuniinous ; the outer coat often 
 becoming mucilaginous when moistened ; embryo with rare exceptions curved ; 
 cotyledons flat, entire or rarely lobed, lying either with tlie surface against the 
 mostly ascending radicle (incumbent, in cross-section thus, cQ] ), or with one 
 edge toward the radicle (accumbent, in cross-section thus, oQ), or less freciuently 
 longitudinally plicate and partially enveloping the radicle (couduplicate, in 
 cross-section thus, <^), or finally (in certain foreign genera) spirally coiled. — 
 A large order, represented in almost every part of the earth, but preferring tem- 
 perate and subarctic regions. Plants of considerable constancy of floral character 
 but with much variability in fruit, economically important as furnishing a number 
 of vegetables (cabbage, turnip, cauliflower, Brussels-sprouts, radish, &c.), sahul 
 plants (water-cress, garden-cress), and condiments (mustard, horse-radish). 
 
 Tkibk I. ALYSSINEiE. Fruit short, orliicidar, elliptical, or short-oblong, rarely 
 more elongated, lanceolate or linear (some species of Dnifxi), always more or less 
 compressed parallel to the partition, 2-celIed, dehiscent, 'i-niaiiy-si-fditl. or rarely 
 (in .4 <^*/san«s and certain species of Draba) indehiscent or nearly so, or through the 
 obliteration of the partition 1-celled, 1-seeded (Al/ii/sunits). Valves flat or moder- 
 ately convex. Cotyledons accumbent, very rarely (in Drnhi) incumbent. Pul>es- 
 cence altogether or in great part l>ranclie<l, only in the genus Thysanocarpfix quite 
 simple. 
 
 * Fruit oblong, elliptic or lanceolate, rarely linear, 2-celle(l, dehiscent (sunutiinos vrry 
 tardily so), 2-several -seeded : stamens unapponflagcd. 
 
 1. DRABA. Sepals sliort and broad, obtuse, equal at tbe iKi.oe. Petals conunonly <>l>ovate. 
 entire or rather deeply bifid. Style short or slender and suniewhnt elongated ; stiijma simple 
 or very slightly lobed. Septum thin, membranaceous. Seed.s I>iseriatc, neither margined 
 nor winged. Cotyledons accumbent or rarely inonmlient. I'nbescence bn\nrhed. 
 
 * * Fruit orbicular, indciiiscent, l-cflleil, l-scedi'<l. 
 
 2. ATHYSANUS. Flowers miiuite. Sepals ovate, rounded, equal at the lia-^ 
 
 Petals minute, linear, or wanting. Stamens 6, suliequal ; filaments slender; ai.iM.,- - . ■, . 
 Stigma small, .sessile. Ovules 3 or 4, only one maturing. Fruit wingless. Pulic^cence 
 liranchod ; rhe liaiis on the fruit usually uncinate. 
 
IQO CllUCIFEK.E. 
 
 3. THYSANOCARPUS. Flowers small. Sepals ovate, rounded, spreading. Petals spat- 
 ulate. Stamens iu5 in the kvst. Style slender, short or rarely absent; stigma simple. 
 Ovule solitary. Fruit winged. Pubescence simi>le or none. 
 
 * * * Fruit orbicular or nearly so, 2-cclled, dehiscent, 2-several-seeded : filaments often 
 dilated and toothed or appendaged near the base. 
 
 4. BERTEROA. Sepals oblong, rounded at the apex. Petals obovate, bifid, cuneate 
 below. Stamens 6; filaments somewhat appendaged upon the inner surface near the base. 
 Stvle slender, rather long. Stigma essentially simple. Pods fiat, often tomentose. Seeds 
 several in each cell, winged or margined. Pubescence stellate, not appressed. 
 
 5. LOBULARIA. Sepals short, ovate, spreading in anthesis. Petals obovate, cuneate, 
 ' entire. Stamens 6 ; filaments slender, rarely dilated below, not toothed. Silicel small ; 
 
 valves flat or slightly convex. Style slender ; stigma subsimple. Cells few-seeded. Hairs 
 2-parted and appressed. 
 
 6. ALYSSUM. Sepals short, ovate or oblong, more or less spreading. Petals obovate, 
 cuneate to spatulate or linear, entire or slightly retuse at the summit. Stamens 6 ; fila- 
 ments commonly more or less dilated at the l)ase and toothed. Capsule with valves convex. 
 Pubescence densely stellate. 
 
 Tribe II. PIIYSARIEiE. Fruit a silicel, 2-celled, completely dehiscent, either very 
 turo-id with broad partition and ahiiost hemispherical valves, or didymous, or 
 strongly obconipressed with narrow partition and conduplicate. Cotyledons 
 accunibent. Pubescence stellate. 
 
 * Silicel subglobose ; partition broad, snborbicular. 
 
 7. LESQUERELLA. Sepals oblong or elliptical, rather short, equal at base, erect or 
 spreading, usually pubescent. Petals longer, spatulate to oblongobovate, entire. Stamens 
 6 ; anthers linear, sagittate ; filaments rarely dilated or winged at the base. Style slender; 
 stigma entire or nearly so. Pods mostly very turgid; cells 2-16-seeded; septum nerved 
 from the top to the middle. Seeds rarely margined. 
 
 •* * Silicel didymous or obcompressed ; partition narrow, elliptical, oblong or linear. 
 -1— Seeds several to many. 
 
 8. PHYSARIA. Floral envelopes and andrrecium of the preceding. Style slender. Fruit 
 more or less strongly didymous and inflated or sometimes ratiicr strongly obcompressed, but 
 the cells at least somewhat turgid at maturity. 
 
 9. SYNTHLIPSIS. Sepals oblong, spreading in anthesis. Petals longer ; blade flat, obo- 
 vate; claw rather short. Stamens 6, unapi)ondaged. Style .^lender; stigma simple. 
 Capsule elliptic-oblong, very strongly obcompressed ; valves sharply carinate, not auriculate 
 or wing-appcndaged. Seeds about 10 in each cell, neither margined nor winged. 
 
 10. LYROCARPA. Sepals linear or linear-oblong, acute or acutish, erect, eciual at base. 
 Petals long, linear to obovate, sometimes twisted. Stamens six, free, unappendaged. Style 
 short or none ; stigma rather large, entire or somewhat lobed ; the lobes lying over the 
 valves. Capsule very strongly obcompressed, oblong and biauriculate at the apex, or short, 
 broad and obcordate. Septum narrow, linear. 
 
 H— -1— Seeds solitary in each cell. 
 
 11. DITHYREA. Sepals ovate or oblong, erect or spreading, pubescent. Petals conspicu- 
 ous, broadlv spatulate, with spreading blades and slender claws. Stamens 6, free and 
 unappendaged ; anthers linear, sagittate. Pods very strongly obcompressed and didymous ; 
 cells suborbicular ; septum very narrow and shorter than tlie cells. Style almost none; 
 stigma rather large, somewhat ovate, simple. 
 
 Tribe ITT. LEPIDINEiE. Fruit a 2-celled silicel, strongly obcompressed (except in 
 the aquatic genus Suhularia). Cotvledons incumbent or accumbent. Pubescence 
 wholly simple or none. 
 
 * Fruit strongly obcompressed, dehiscent; cells 2-several-sceded ; cotyledons accumbent: 
 terrestrial and glabrous. 
 
CRUCIFEK^. 101 
 
 12. THLASPI. Sepals short, oval, obtuse, tliin-iimrgiued, erect or KliKhtly sjirea-linf,'. 
 Petals ol)ovate or oblauceolate, entire. Staniciw free, uuappeiifiaged ; anthiTu' Kli.irt, „\iil. 
 Style slender or sometimes none ; stij^ma Hniall, entire or nlightly cmarginate. Capsule 
 orbicular, elliptic-oblong, or oblance«dato ; the valves very stronjjly and UHUally wiiarply 
 keeled, often winged especially toward the ajiex. 
 
 * # Fruit strongly obcomprossed or didymous; cells usually Iseecle.l; cotyledons incum- 
 bent (except iu Lepidium Vin/inicttm) : terrestrial. 
 
 13. LEPIDIUM. Sepals short, ovate or ellii)tic-oblong, t.btu.se. equal at ba- 
 s])rcading. I'etals ol)ovate or oblanccolatc-spatulate, entire, rounded at tlu! a; 
 
 abortive or none. Stamens free, unappondagcd, all six ])re«cnt or by al«jrtii.i. ,.,. 
 
 ones absent, or through further simplification only two stamens present, each repre.stiiiin;: 
 one of tlie longer pairs. Style slender and more or less elongated or Rtigma h^^.■.il^• 
 Capsule orbicular, ovate, or elliptic-oblong, often ntjtched at the apex, regularly debiw .n; ; 
 valves very strongly comjiresscd and sharjily kecKd, oft<;n wing-ajipcndagcd eb|>c(i;illv 
 toward the apex, not thickened nor sculptured. Ovules j)cndulous from near the apex uf 
 the cells. 
 
 14. SENEBIERA. Sepals oval, eijual at base, spreading, often fugacious. I'etals olxnafe, 
 or more or less abortive, short, linear, or subulate. Stamens free and una|ipendag<<l, :ill 
 6 present or only 4 or 2 as in the preceding; anthers short, somewhat didymnus. Stigma 
 sessile, nearly or quite simple. Fruit more or less distinctly didynious; the valves thicki>li, 
 often sculptured or tuberculatcd, falling off as I-seeded closed or nearly closed nutlets. 
 Embryo foliled morphologically above the base of the cotyleilons. 
 
 * * * Fruit turgid, subglobose, pyriform or short fusiform, dehiscent, several-seeded; 
 cotyledons incumbent : aquatic with subulate leaves. 
 
 15. SUBULARIA. Sepals ovate, equal, obtuse, spreading. Petals oblong or spatulatp, 
 entire, without sharp distinction of blade and claw. Stamens 6, scarcely unequal, free and 
 unappendaged ; anthers oval. Stigma sessile, slightly 2-lobcil. Seeds few, 2-rowcd in the 
 cells. Embryo folded morphologically above the radicle, the curvature being in the cotyle- 
 dons, not between them and the radicle nor in the latter. 
 
 Tribe IV. CAMELINEiE. Fruit short, scarcely longer than broad, turgid or 
 obcompressed, orbicular-obovate or elliptic-oblong in outline. Cotyledons incum- 
 bent. Hairs some or all branched (absent in Capsella procumbens) . 
 
 1 6. CAPSELLA. Sepals ovate or oblong, obtuse, thin-margined, spreading slightly or con- 
 siderably or even reflexed in anthesis, not saccate at liase. Petals small, spatulate, c<pialiing 
 or little exceeding the calyx. Stamens free and unappendaged. Style almost Jione. Fruit 
 capsidar, 2-valvcd, many-seeded, more or les.s strongly ol)compre.s.sed; septum linear to 
 elliptic-oblong, thin and nerveless or nearly so; valves carinate. 
 
 17. CAMELINA. Sepals short-oblong, obtuse, thin-margined, subequal at ba.'se, m<irc or 
 less colored, often villous. Petals .spatulate or obovate, unguicnlate. Stamens G, free an«l 
 unappendaged. Style slender ; stigma simple. Capsule obovoid, 2-celled, many-seodod. 
 witii a broad thin obovate persistent septum and somewhat firm strongly convex valves. 
 Seeds bi.scriatc in the cells, wingless. 
 
 18. NESLIA. Scpal.s, petals, and stamens of the preceding. Stylo slender; stigma simple 
 or emargiuate. Fruit globose or subglobose, indehiscent, 2-oelle<l or more commonly, 
 tiirough the obliteration of the fugacious septum, 1 -celled. Seeds 2, or more frequently by 
 abortion 1, neither winged nor margined. 
 
 Tkibe V. CAKILINE/E. Fruit transversely 2-jointcd ; cells unequal, both l-s<^ede<l 
 (in North American species) and indehiscent. The ovule in the upj>er cell en^ct, 
 in tlie lower i>endulous. 
 
 19. CAKILE. Sepals .-ihort, erect or slightly spreading, oldong, okm-urtly .-^icratc nt l«iw», 
 somewhat fleshy. Petals exserted. Stamens 6 ; filaments free and unnpjH'ndaged. Style 
 none ; stigma simple. Seeds oblong, turgid ; cotyledons accunibent. 
 
 Tribf VT. RRASSICEiE. Fruit elongated, terete or somewhat pri inatic. often 
 torose, usually partially or wholly dehiscent by two valves, 2-cened with a longi- 
 
!():> c'KUciFEu.i:. 
 
 tudinal merubranous or spongy dissepiment, less Irciiiicntly unicellular or divided 
 transversely by spongy false partitions, thus becoming inuUici'Iluhir and indehis- 
 cent (Raphamis). Seeds uniseriate or biseriate ; cotyledons couduplicate. Petals 
 Avell developed. Pubescence, when present, usually hirsute. Hairs simple. 
 * Fruit stout, imlehisceut, comniouly more or less inonilil'urni, uiiiccllulai- or transversely 
 divided by several false partitious. 
 
 20. RAPHANUS. Sepals erect; the lateral somewhat saccate. Petals large, uiiguiculate, 
 white or pale yellow, less commouly purplish. Stamens 6, uuappeudaged. Fruit attenuate 
 to a slender or rather stout beak. Seeds globular, pendulous. 
 
 * * Fruit more slender, longitudinally 2-celled, and more or less completely dehiscent. 
 
 21. BRASSICA. Sepals erect or spreading, glabrous, equal at the l)ase or one pair some- 
 what saccate. Petals large, unguiculate, light yellow or white, often with purjile markings. 
 Stamens 6, fret; and unappeudaged. Pod terete or nearly so, tipped with a slender conical 
 or somewhat flattened empty or 1-seeded often indehiscent beak. Seeds glolw.se, uniseriate 
 or rarely and indistinctly biseriate iu the cells. 
 
 22. DIPLOTAXIS. Sepals erect or spreading, often pilose. I'etals and stamens of the 
 preceding. Cajisules slendei-, subterete or angled, borne upou slender spreading pedicels; 
 valves rather flat, 1-ncrved; beak conical, sometimes very short. Seeds ovoid or oblong, 
 distinctly biseriate in the cells. 
 
 TiUBK VII. SISYMBKIE.l:^. Stigma when lobed elongated over the placentte (ex- 
 cept in Gregt/ia). Fruit longitudinally 2-celled (very rarely 1-celled), from elliptic- 
 or lance-oblong to linear, always considerably longer than broad. Seeds numerous ; 
 cotyledons incumbent (very oblique or accund)ent in some species of Eri/simiun). 
 A tribe of difticult limitation. 
 
 * Hairs of stem simple, stellately branched or none, not regularly bifid. 
 -1— Stigma entire, or with short lobes spreading over the placentse. 
 ++ Capsule 2-valved, terete, prismatic, or compressed parallel to the perfect or liroad and 
 
 fenestrate septum. 
 = Leaves elliptical, sessile and clasping by a cordate base: pods long, of firm texture, 
 angled ; stuut glabrous annual with habit of a Brasslca : introduced. 
 
 23. CONRINGIA. Sepals and petals rather h)ng and narrow. Valves of the ea])sule 
 l-.3-nerve(l. Style short; stigma (pute simple or more or less distinctly ^-luheil. Seeds 
 l-rowed in the cells, oblong, thick, not margined. Leaves entire. 
 
 = = Leaves siiborl.iiular or reniform, broadly cordate, petiolate, toothed: ])nbescence 
 siniidc or none : jiods elongated, angled : introduced biennial with foliage of a Cn-damine 
 and fruit suggesting that of Burburca. 
 
 24. ALLIARIA. Se])als oval, obtuse, caducous. Petals obovate. Stamens fi, free and 
 una])pendaged. Pod many-seeded, often tornlose; valves keeled, more or less distinctly 
 3-nerved. Style short or none; stigma simple. 
 
 == = == Leaves various, not cordate, except in one or two species of Sisi/mhrium. 
 a. Septum of the capsule usually narrowly or broadly nerved, when jierveless having its 
 cells elongated longitudinally and usually rather thin-walled. 
 
 25. EUTREMA. Sepals short, ovate, ronnd.'d at apex, eipial at base. Petals exserted, 
 entire, obovate, short-clawed. Stamens (J, free and unappeudaged ; anthers short, ovate. 
 Style short or almost none ; stigma small, simple. Fruit oblong-lanceolate to linear, some- 
 what flattened parallel to the septum, narrowed at each end ; valves 1 -nerved and somewhat 
 keeled. Sei)tum entire or very incomplete or almost wanting. Pubescence simple or uone. 
 Leaves entire or nearly so. 
 
 26. SMELOWSKIA. Sepals oblong, snl)e(iual, somewhat spreading." Petals entire, obo- 
 vate or spatulate, exserted. Stamens 6, unappeudaged ; anthers oblong, slij,ditly sagittate at 
 base. Pods lanceolate to lance-oblong, more or less obcompressed ; valves sharply keeled. 
 Stigma sessile. Leaves deeply i)innatifiil. Hairs in part or all branched. 
 
CRUCIFEU^E. 103 
 
 27. SISYMBRIUM. Flowers u.siuilly small, anil iiio.'<tly yellow or yellowwh. SojialH oMoug 
 to linear, usually s))ri'adiufi; iu anthesis, etiualliiij^ or exit'Ciliii;^ the dawn of the olKjvate or 
 spatulate jietals. Stamens 6, free, unappendaged. Style sliort or none ; Htigma cimjilo 
 or slightly bifid. I'ods linear, short or lon}^, m-arly terete. Leaves fmni entire to hipin- 
 natifid or multitid. Pubescence hirsute with simple hairs, or «t<llate, or f^landular, or none 
 h. Septum nerveless or nearly so; its cells smaller, thicker-walled, elongated transven««-l\ 
 
 horeal and arctic plants with hairs branched, and leaves (in American speeieH) eniir«- 
 or merely dentate. 
 
 28. BRAY A. Calyx, corolla, and andriecium of A'tir/cma. Style present but shi>rt; stij;ina 
 more or less distinctly 2-lobed. Fruit oblong to linear-oblong ; valv<'s Hattish or convex, 
 faintly 1-nerved, not keeled. 
 
 ++ ++ Capsule strongly obconipressed, at least the upper part, or anomalous and 4-valve«i ! 
 
 29. TROPIDOCARPUM. Sepals ovate-oblong, spreading. I'etals obovaU', cuneate. 
 Stamens 6, free and unappendaged. Style slender, sometimes short ; stigma circular and 
 entire or slightly emarginate. Silique partially or completely 2-celle<l, with a very uarmw 
 partition, or 1 -celled. Seeds 2-4-seriate. Pubescence chiefly simple, a few branched hairs 
 being mixed with the others. 
 
 -*- -(- Stigma (anomalous in tribe) bifid with short lolies over the valves. 
 
 30. GREGGIA. Sepals oblong, spreading. I'etals obovate, entire, cuneate. Stamens 6, 
 free, unappendaged ; anthers oblong, cordate at base: Stigma somewhat ovate or conical ; 
 the stigniatic surface elongated above the valves of the capsule not over the placenta:. 
 Style slender. Seeds nearly uniseriate. Pubescence densely stellate. 
 
 ^_ ^_ ^_ Stigma subconical, with short lobes erect and approximate or connate. 
 
 31. HESPERIS. Flowers showy, mostly purplish. Sepals ere<t, oblong; the lateral 
 saccate at base. Petals with long and slender exserted claws and broad obovate or nearly 
 orbicular blades. Stamens 6, free and unappendaged. Pods very long, spreading, torulose, 
 beaked ; valves 3-nerved. Leaves mostly undivided. Pubescence in jiart branched. 
 
 * * Cauline hairs bifid and closely appressed. 
 
 32. ERYSIMUM. Sepals oldong to linear-oblong, erect, equal at the base or the lateral 
 somewhat saccate. Petals commonly large, with broad obovate blades and slender elongated 
 claws. Stamens 6, free and unappendaged. Pods .strongly compressed, broadly linear with 
 flat 1-nerved valves, or narrow and quadrangular with convex and more or less distinctly 
 keeled valves. Seeds numerous, oblung and turgid or suborbicular and flattened or winged. 
 Cotyledons incumbent or accumbent or the radicle not iufreiiuently very oblique. 
 
 Tribe VIIL ARABIDE^. Stigma when lobed prolonged over the placentne. 
 Fruit 2-celled, sometimes incompletely so, regularly deliiscent, short or long, 
 flattened parallel to a broad partition, terete or prismatic. Cotyledons aecuml>ent 
 (in some species of Leavenworthin, the embryo straight or nearly so). Pubescence 
 simple, branched, or absent. 
 
 * Pods globose, terete, or prismatic, at least not compresse<l parallel to the partition. 
 ^- Flowers (in North American species) white: pods subgloboso to short-oblong, often 
 .somewhat obconipressed : leaves entire, angulate, or shallowly toothed, not pinnatifid. 
 
 33. COCHLEARIA. Sepals short and broad, ronnded at a])ex. Petals obovate. cuneate, 
 or very siiurtly unguiculate. Stamens straight, free. Style slender, aometinip.s very short : 
 stigma sinq)le or nearly so. Capsule (in North AmVrican sjiecies) very turgid ; valves dii»- 
 tinctlv 1-nerved. Seeds 2-several, biseriate in the cells. 
 
 ^_ 4_ Flowers yellow, rarely white ■ pods short-oblong to linear : some or all of the leaves 
 usually pinnatifid. 
 
 34. NASTURTIUM. Flowers small. Sepals ovate to elli|.tic-old<ing, gpreadJiiK in 
 anthesis. often colored. Petals obo.ate or spatulate, cuneiform at base; wnn-cly clawed. 
 sometimes minute or wanting. Pods terete or nearly so ; valves thin, nearly or quite norve- 
 
104 CKUCIFKR.E. 
 
 less. Seeds very siiuxU, tiirgiil ami wingless, usually numerous, in two rows in ^ach cell 
 (scarcely so in N. si/Uestre), minutely tuberculate or in a few species reticulate-pitte.l. 
 
 35. BARBAREA. Flowers somewhat larger than in the preceding. Sepals oblon^', often 
 colored; lateral pair often saccate at base and slightly cornute on the back near apex. 
 Petals spatulate or witli obovate blades and slender claws. Stamens 6, free and unat>pen- 
 daged, distinctly tetradynamous. Style short; stigma bifid. Capsule linear, elongated, 
 somewhat tetragonal. Seeds uniseriate in the cells. 
 
 ■1— -)— •)— Flowers purple : pods linear, elongated. 
 
 36. lODANTHUS. SepaLs oblong, shorter than the claws of the petals, somewhat spread- 
 ing in anthesis; the lateral pair narrower and more or less distinctly liurned or appendagtd 
 upon the back near ape.\. Fetals broadly s))atulate. Stamens 6, strongly tetradyjiamous 
 
 ♦ * Pods more or less strongly compressed parallel to the partition, 
 -t— Petals toothed or lobed : fruit narrowly linear, elongated. 
 
 37. DRYOPETALON. Sepals elliptic, purplish ; the lateral gibbous at l)ase. Petals 
 exserted * the blade toothed or lobed. Stamens 6, free and unappendaged ; anthers ovate- 
 oblong. Stigma nearly sessile, 2-lobed. Seeds many, small, somewhat 2-rowed ; cotyledons 
 nearly accumbent. Valves of capsule l-uerved and veined. 
 
 4— -i— Petals entire or retuse, not lobed. 
 ++ Pods suborbicular : seeds broadly winged : pubescence simple. 
 
 38. PLATYSPERMUM. Flowers minute, solitary, borne on naked'scapes. Sepals broad, 
 -erect, equalling the white linear-spatuhite petals. Seeds in two rows, reticulated; cotyle- 
 dons longer than the radicle. Leaves lyrate, few-lobed or subentlre. 
 
 ■w- -H- Pods broad, lanceolate to elliptic or oblong : seeds mostly biseriate. 
 
 39. SELENIA. Flowers conspicuous, yellow, in a leafy bracteate raceme. Sepals erect, 
 ovate-lanceolate, acutish, somewhat saccate at base. I'etals spatulate. Stamens 6, free and 
 unappendaged; anthers oblong. Pods oblong to broadly elliptic, upon short Ijroad stipes, 
 and beaked by slender styles. Stigma capitate. Glands 10. Seeds in two rows, minutely 
 pitted and margined with a thin cartilaginous wing. Cotyledons longer than the radicle. " 
 
 40. PARRY A. Flowers showy, purple or rose-colored. Sepals oblong, erect ; t!ie lateral 
 gibbous at base, nearly equalling the claws of the broad-bladed petals. Anthers included, 
 oblong, subsagittate at base. Pod with flat 1-nerved reticulated valves. Stigma 2-lobed ; 
 lobes approximate. Seeds orbicular, winged or wingless. 
 
 ■H- ++ ++ Pods narrower, linear-oblong to linear. 
 = Pubescence simple or none. 
 
 41. LEAVENWORTHIA. Flowers conspicuous, yellow, whitish, or purplish. Sepals 
 linear-oblong, equal at base, usually spreading in anthesis, considerably exceeded by the 
 obovate or oblanceolate cuneate petals. Stamens 6, strongly tetradynamous, free and 
 unappendaged ; anthers oblong. Pod oblong or linear, beaked by a rather slender style, 
 sometimes tornlose. vStigma somewhat 2-lobed. Seeds in one row, minutely ])itted, 
 margined with a firm thick wing. Cotyledons orbicular; radicle short and straight or more 
 or less oblique. 
 
 42. DENTARIA. Sepals equal at base, erect or nearly so. Petals much longer, with 
 slender claws and ovate spreading blades. Pods linear, straight with stout rcplum, firm 
 nerveless flat valves, and nerveless partition ; stigma short, cajjitate or rarely 2-l<)be<l. Seeds 
 in one row, wingless Cotyledons often thick, more or le.ss unequal and somewhat oblique, 
 petiolate. Funiculus often thickenSd in fruit. 
 
 48. CARDAMINE. Sepals equal at base, erect or more or lo.'^s spreading. Petals obovate 
 to narrowly spatulate. Pods of the preceding. Seeds in one row, wingless; cotyledons 
 flattened, strictly accumbent or one slightly overlapping the radicle, more or less petiolate. 
 Funiculus very slender. 
 
 = = Pubescence in part or wholly branched. 
 
 44. ARABIS. Sepals erect or nearly so, green or less frequently colored ; the lateral pair 
 usually gibbous at base. Petals obovate or spatulate, usually unguiculate, commonly con- 
 
Dralni. CIUXIFKK.L. lUo 
 
 siderably cxceediug tlie calyx and with a flat |ialul<)us eiilire or oniar^iuate Itladc. SUiiuimik 
 G, free and uiiapj)uiiilaf;ed. I'ods willi ucarly Hat iiiorf or Ictw I -nerved vjilvw«; re|)luni not 
 tliickened. Seeds (latlened, orbicular or ollijilie, more or le«s winjjed. The itectiou 6ntym- 
 brina with oblong wingless seeds and more or less oblique cotyledoIl^. 
 
 Tribe IX. STANLEY/E. Stigma circular in outline or »doiiguted or i)ro<luc«il into 
 two lobes lying (except in two or three species of Theli/podiutn) transverse to tin? 
 partition of the ovary, i. e. over the valves of the ca|>sule. Fruit longitinlinally 
 li-celled, dehiscent, elongated, terete or prismatic or (in Shyptfiullius) <(.nipr.'s>«d 
 parallel to partition or more rarely obcompressed (Slan/orJid). C'otyledons incum- 
 bent or accumbent. rubescence simple or none (branched in two species of 
 Theli/podium). 
 
 * Cotyledons accumbent ; ovary sessile upon the receptacle ; ca[)sule compressed. 
 
 45. STREPTANTHUS. Sepals ovate or oblong, <olored, usaally jturpli.sii, (|uit«.' e<|nal at 
 base, or oue pair saccate, rarely b(itli. Calyx commonly closid, ovoid, less freijuenlly sul>- 
 cjdindric, or by the spreading of tiio, tips becoming soinewiiat Hask-shajHid. I'etals usually 
 narrow, linear or with a well developed blade and channellc I claw. Sumens 6 ; the longer 
 pairs ofteu connate below ; anthers more or less elongated, sagittate at the base. Capsule 
 oblong to narrowly linear. Seeds flat, margined or wingea. Receptacle enlarged. 
 
 * * Cotyledons incumbent, 3-parted ; ovary sessile or nearly so; capsule obconii)res.<ed. 
 
 46. STANFORDIA. Calyx ovoid ; sepals large, ov.ite, colored. Petals exserted, with 
 broad oblong or lance-oblong claw and narrower crispi il Idade. Stamens C, free and unappi-n- 
 daged ; anthers linear-oblong, sagittate, straight or moderately curved Style short ; stigma 
 at first elliptic, entire, later conspicuously 2-lobe-.. Capsule linear-oblong, subcharuueuus ; 
 valves keeled. Seeds many, biseriate in the cell-^, vvingless. 
 
 * * * Cotyledons incnnibent : ovary sessile jr raiseil upon a short thick gyuophore : cap- 
 sule terete, tetragonal, or slightly flattened parallel to the ]>artition. 
 
 47. CAULANTHUS. Calyx of Sireptai lltiis. Petals undulato-crisped with a broad claw 
 and small or obsolete blade. Stamens 6 ; anthers linear, sagittate. Stigma well dcveli.jKjd 
 and commonly distinctly 2-lol)ed, persistent. Capsule somewh.it flattened anrl narrowly 
 linear or subterete ; valves 1-nerved, ai d often reticulate-veined. 
 
 48. THELYPODIUM. Sepals obl/ug to linear, rather short; wilyx at first cyliudric. but 
 often more or less si)reading in aiithesis. Petals flat, long and narrow or with a well 
 developed blade, white or pur])lish. rarely yellow. Stamens 6, exserted ; filaments long and 
 slender ; anthers narrowly linear, sagittate at base, curved or coiled. Stigma usually sina!', 
 often circular in outline, or vevy slightly 2-lobed. Pods slender, terete, or (luadrangJilar, 
 often torulo.se, usually spreading. 
 
 ♦ * * ♦ Cotyledons incvmbent : ovary raised ujwii a slender elongated gynophore. 
 
 49. STANLEYA. Calyx long, cylindric or clavate in bud, sjirpading in anthesis ; s<>i)als 
 linear or si)atnlate. I'etals long and narrow, spatulate, slender-clawed. Stamens fi ; anthers 
 linear, curved or spirally coiled ; filaments elongated, spreading. Stigma se.«silo, small, 
 simple. Pods terete o; subterete ; valves 1 -nerved. Seeds oblong, uniseriate. Flowers in 
 more or less elongated racemes. 
 
 50. WAREA. C'llyx short-clavate in hud, spreading in anthesis: sepals short-linear or 
 spatulate. Petals relatively large with broad sprea<ling lamina.« and slender claws. Stamen.-* 
 6, exserted, spreading; filaments slender; anthers very small, curveil. Stigma simple. 
 Pods terete, slender, widely spreading. Flowers in very short subcorymbo.se racemes. 
 
 1. DRAB.il, Dill. (Apa^T;, a name of uncertain meaning, npplied by Hios- 
 forides to some cruciferous plant.) — Petals entire or emarijinatf e.\e.-pt in 
 § ErophUa. Seeds smooth or faintly tubercul.ite, r.irely hispidnlons. V\xU-s- 
 cenee u.sually stellate. A large an<l widely distrib\ited irenus, tin- larirer nundn^r 
 of the specicfs arctic or alpine. Rluny are very variable an<l the nninlK>r of spoens 
 has eon.sequently beeu greatly multiplied, especially ••- in '1" r.d[i.-.-d forms of 
 
106 CKUCIFERJ::. Draba. 
 
 higher regious the characters become obscured and limits of species ill defiued. 
 Some South American species are suffruticose and have showy violet-colored 
 flowers. — Cat. PI. Giss. App. 122; L. Gen. no. 535; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 159, 
 t. 68, 69; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 74; Wats. Proc. Am. Acad, xxiii. 255. 
 [By S. Watson.] 
 
 § 1. Ekophila, Koch. Petals biiid: flowers white : pods many-seeded, round- 
 oval to oblong : stellate-pubescent scapose winter-annuals with coarsely toothed 
 or entire leaves. — Syn. 65.^ 
 D. VEUNA, L. (Whitlow-grass.) Leaves rosulate; oblong-obovate to oblaaceolate : scapes 
 
 very slender, glabrous or nearly so, 2 to 6 inclies high : pods glabrous, rouud-oval to oblong, 
 
 2 to 4 lines long, shorter than the spreading pedicels; stigma nearly sessile. — Spec. ii. 642; 
 
 Barton, Fl. N. A. iii. 49, t. 88, f. 2 ; Gray, 1. c. t. 69. D. vernu, var. Ameriama, I'ers. Syn. 
 
 ii. 190. Erophila Americana, DC. Syst. ii. 356. E. vulgaris, DC. 1. c. ; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 
 
 i. 56. — Quebec to Georgia, 6'Aa/)«ia?(, and west to Minnesota and Missouri; Washington 
 
 and Vancouver Isl. ; fl. early.^ (Nat. from Eu.) 
 
 § 2. Hetekodraba, ^Yatson. Pedicels reflexed, secund : seeds 6 to 10, his- 
 pidulous : branching short-caulescent winter-annual, stellate-pubescent ; the leaves 
 coarsely toothed or entire : flowers white. — Proc. Am. Acad, xxiii. 256. Hetero- 
 draba, Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1.71. 
 
 D. unilateralis, M. E. -Jones. Branching from the base ; branches spreading, elongated, 
 lax, leafy below : leaves cuneate-obovate to oblauceolate, an inch long or less : racemes 
 usuidly nearly sessile : flowers very small : sili^ues round-oval, somewhat twisted, pubescent, 
 distant, 2 or 3 lines long, on pedicels a line long or less, 12-seeded ; stigma sessile. — Bull. 
 Torr. Club, ix. 124. Heterodraba unilateralis, Greene, 1. c. 72. — Valleys of California from 
 Colusa County to All Saints Bay, Lower Calif. 
 
 § 3. Drabella, DC. Short-caulescent and more or less leafy winter- 
 annuals (rarely biennial in D. crassifoUa ; scapose in D. asprella and D. eras- 
 si folia) : pubescence stellate or more or less villous : pedicels not reflexed : petals 
 entire or emarginate: seeds smooth. — Syst. ii. 332, 351. 
 
 * Early spring species of valleys and hillsides ; southern. 
 •*- Leaves entire : flowers white : pedicels clustered or approximate. 
 D. Caroliniana, Walt. Very .slender, n.sually branched; branches often decumbent : 
 leaves obovate to oblanceolate, obtuse or acute, loosely stellate-pubescent, 6 lines long or 
 ' less : scape-like peduncles glal)rous or pubescent, 1 to 4 inches higli : flowers small : pods 
 clustered or a])proximate, glabrous, linear, 3 to 9 lines long, much exceeding the spreading 
 pedicels; stigma sessile. — Car. 174; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 109. (Paroni/chia Myosotis Vir- 
 qiniana, Pluk. Aim. t. 51. f. 5.) D. hispifluin, Michx. Fl. ii. 28. Arabis reptans, Lam. Diet, 
 i. 222. A. Totundifolin, Raf. Am. Monthly Mag. ii. 43. — E. Ma.ssachusetts, J. Robinson, to 
 the northern shores of Lakes Erie and Ontario, Macoun, Minnesota, Arkansas, and Georgia ; 
 Umatilla, Oregon, Hou-ell Bros. 
 
 Var. micrantha, Gray. Pods hispid with- short sub-appressed hairs.— Man. ed. 5, 
 72. D. micrantha, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray. Fl. i. 109. — Illinois to Nebraska, Texas, and 
 New Mexico ; Utah,^ Watson : Mt. Helena, Montana, Catibi/ ; Idaho, Spalding ; Klikitat Co., 
 Washington, Snksdorf. 
 
 1 Add syn. Gansblnm, Adans. Fam. ii. 420. Erophila, DC. Syst. ii. S.'JG. 
 
 2 This species is a noteworthy aggregate of similar forms, distinguished from each other by mmute 
 but apparently constant characters, and is sometimes regarded as a group of many very closely related 
 species. (See Rosen, Hot. Zeit. xlvii. 565 ; Prantl in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Ptlan/enf. iii. Ab. 2, 190.) 
 Tlie constancy of trivial characters is doubtless due to close fertilization prevalent in these plants. 
 
 8 Reported from the Panaiiiint Mountains, Calil"., by Coville, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. iv. 6S. 
 
Dmha. CIUC'IFKILE. I(l7 
 
 -I- -I- Leaves cDarsoly few-tnotliod or entire : peilicels more rcniotely raceiiHiHo. 
 ++ Flowers small, wliite : .stiji^iiia sessile or nearly ho. 
 
 D. CUneifolia, Nutt. Loosely stellate-])ul)escent, usnaliy l.ramliin;,' from the liime ; Imim-lieM 
 K aly hilow and obovatc to oldauceolate, acute or atntisii, A to 2 inelies Ion;; : nuenie immIuh- 
 ciilate, at length elongated : flowers small : pcjds linear-oiiloiig, usually aeutish, :{ to « lineH 
 long, lG-50-seeded, hispid with sliort sul)-appressed simjde hairs (very nirely jjlalirous). <.m 
 
 spreading or divarieate pedicels 1 to 3 lines long; stigma sessile or nearly s<>. Nutt. in 
 
 Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 108; lirew. & Wats. IJot. Calif, i. 2H. I>. jiliniiilis, Sclie«-le, Linnaa, 
 xxi. 583. — Illinois (?) ; Kentucky, Short, to Alaltaina; Arkan.sius uiid Te.\as, and west to 
 S. ("alifdrnia; S. I'tali, /^in//, and Jordan Valley, W'alsm. 
 
 Var. platycarpa, Watson, l. c. I'ods oblong-oval, mostly obtuse, 2J to 4 liue.s long, 
 etiualling or exiceding the pedicels. — D. pluti/carjiu, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 1U8. Jj. Ituiiuri- 
 unit, Schcele, 1. c. — Te.xas to Arizona. 
 
 Var. integrifolia, Watson, 1. c. Small (1 or 2 inelK-s high): leaves small, nu.stlv 
 entire: pods glabrous, ou pedicels about a line long. — Coast ranges of S. California; 
 Temescal Mouutains, Brewer ; Pasadena, Los Angeles Co., 0. D. Allen ; Santa Maria, Jitnil. 
 
 D. Sonorae, Greene. Kacemes usually nearly sessile and flowers very small : j.ods limly 
 stillatf-pubesceut, 3 lines long, on jHiliccls 1 or 2 lines in length. — Hull. Calif. .Xcad. S.i. 
 ii. o'J; Wats. 1. c. — Santa Catalina Mountain.s, Arizona, Leminun; Chollas Vallcv, San 
 Diego Co.,1 Calif., Orcutt. (Mountains of Northwestern Sonora, PriiKjle.) The pubt-scence 
 of the pods is the most constant character distinguishing tiiis species from tlie last. 
 
 D. brachycarpa, Nutt. 1. c. Simple or branched, 1 to 6 inciies liigh, somewhat ap|.rc.s.M-d 
 st(llate-]inlies(ent : leaves ovate to ovate-oblong, half inch long; the cauline ob|ong-lan»e.H 
 late or linear, obtuse or acute : peduncles short : flowers very small : jiods narrowlv oblong, 
 aeutish, glabrous, 1 or 2 lines long, 10-1 2-seeded, about e(|ualling the divaricate j»edicels; 
 stigma nearly sessile. — Virginia to Georgia and west to Missouri and Louisiana ; Ko.^elterg, 
 Oregon, Howell. 
 
 -H- ++ Flowers yellow, large : style slender. 
 
 D. Mogollonica, Gukenk. Stems siimple or loo.sely branching from ba.<e. about a foot 
 high, villous or loosely stellate-pubescent below: leaves mostly at the ba.«:e, oblanceolate, 
 stellate-pnbescent, 1 to 3 inches long: flowers large, in broad racemes which are elongjitcd 
 in fruit : sepals glabrous : pods linear or oblong, glabrous, 4 to 8 lines long, witli a sK-nder 
 style a line long, on usually divaricate ])edicels 3 to 9 lines in length. — Hot. Gaz. vi. 157. — 
 In the Mogollon and Santa Magdalena Mountains, Xew .Mexico, /intilii/, drifue. 
 
 D. (0 asprella, Greene. Pubescent with spreading sim])lc or forked hairs: sca|)e-liko 
 jiednniles one to several : filaments dilated downward : pods olilong-elliptical, somewhat 
 turgid, hispid, on divaricate pedicels; style slender. — Bull. Torr. Club, x. 125 : Wats. j. c. 
 257. — Arizona. A doubtful species by rea.son of the turgid pods and dilated tilanicnts. 
 Mature fruit has not been seen. 
 
 * * High mountain or northern species ; leaves entire or few-toothed : Howcrs small, vdlow. 
 becoming wiiitish : stigma sessile. 
 
 D. nemorosa, L. Slender, loosely stellate-pubescent, branching and leafy below, a f<Mit 
 iiigli or less : leaves rarely rosulate, ovate to oblong-lanceolate, an inch long or less, aeutish : 
 racemes nearly sessile : calyx .sonu'what villous : i>etals small : p<ids n:irrowly oblong, 
 minutely pubesceut or rarely glabrous, 3 or 4 lines long, on spreading or ilivaricate immIjccIs 
 to 12 lines long; .stigma nearly se.<sile. — Spec. ii. 643. // m nmnilis, Klirh. Hcitr. vii. I.'i4. 
 /). tulea, Gilib. ace. to DC. Syst. ii. 351, & D. gracilis, (Jrah:im, Kdinb. New I'liil. .F<.ur. IS28, 
 172, the form witli glabrous pods (var. leiocar/ia, Lindbl.). — From the Great Lakc.s (Ft. 
 Gratiot, Michigan, Pilrlni- ; Michipicotin, Lake Superior, ace. to .Macoun) across the plains 
 to the Kocky Mountains, N. Colonido, Central Iiiaho, the lower (^duinbia Valley, and nortli- 
 ward into Brit. America. (Ku., Siberia.) 
 
 D. Stenoloba, Ledkh. Slender : stem erect or lax, a foot high or le.«.«, simple or bmncbing 
 below, villous toward the base : leaves thin, mostly subrosulate, oblong-<)l)ov:»te or oblanc«H»- 
 late, the one or two cauline ovate to obh)iig-lanceolate, aeutish, mostly entire, often glabroUM 
 
 1 Paii.imint Mountidiis, Calif., aii.l Veg.is Wash, S. W. Nev!»d:». !.■-. •■• '■•.in., t ... 
 
108 CRUCJFEILE. Draha. 
 
 beneath, stellate-pnbescent above, or usually more or less villous aud ciliate with simple 
 hairs, 6 to 9 lines long : racemes pedunculate or nearly sessile : sepals glabrous or sparingly 
 pilose : pods linear, acute, glabrous, 4 to 7 lines long, equalling or exceeding the spreading 
 pedicels. — Fl. Koss. i. 154; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 28. — Subalpine in Rocky Moun- 
 tains from Colorado and Utah to Brit. America ; Blue Mountains, Oregon, Ciisick ; Sierra 
 Nevada, Calif., ^ Brewer, Jones ; Unalaska, Eschscholiz, Chamisso. 
 
 D. montana, Watson. Stellate-pubescent throughout and villous below, rather stout, 
 simple or branched, leafy : leaves more or less densely pubescent and villous, oblanceolate 
 or oblong ; the cauliue oblong-lanceolate : racemes nearly sessile : pods linear-ol)long, finely 
 pubescent, obtuse or acutish, 3 to 5 lines long, erect or ascending on shorter spreading pedi- 
 cels. — Bibl. Index, 69 (name only), & Proc. Am. Acad. xiv. 289. — Mountains of N. Colorado, 
 Hall & Hnrlnur, Vasei/, Greene, Wolf. 
 
 D. crassifolia, Gkah.vm. Animal or biennial, usually scapose, slender, glabrous through- 
 out or leaves ciliate (rarely slightly villous) : caudex simple or shortly branched : leaves 
 narrowly oblanceolate, 6 to 9 lines long or less : scape-like peduncles 1 to 6 inches high : 
 flowers small, often nearly white : pods lanceolate or oblong-lanceoiate, acute, 2 to 4 lines 
 long, on spreading pedicels 2 to ,5 lines in length. — Edinb. New Phil. Jour. 1829, 182 ; Fl. 
 Dan. t. 2419 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 28. — Kocky Mountains of Brit. America, Dnnn- 
 vioncl, Macoiin, and Colorado in Sawatch Mountains, Brandegee ; at Peregoy's in the Sierra 
 Nevada, Grai/. (Greenland.) 
 
 § 4. Drabj^a, Lindbl. Perenuial, with a branching leafy-tufted caudex ; in a 
 few species (iu * * -i- -»-) sometimes biennial and simple-stemmed : leaves flat, 
 soft, more or less broad, not carinate. ^ Linnaea, xiii. 318, & Stockholm Acad. 
 Ilandl. 1839, 28. 
 
 * Scapose. 
 H— Leaves entire (less than 6 lines long) : flowers yellow. 
 
 D. alpina, L Densely cespitose and caudex much branched : leaves oblong-lanceolate, 
 obtuse or acute, witli a thick midveiu at base, glabrous and villous-ciliate or somewhat 
 Aillous-pubescent with simjjle and stellate hairs, 6 lines long or less : scape pubescent, ^ to G 
 inches high : sepals more or less villous : pods usually glabrous, ovate to oblong-ovate, acute, 
 2 to 4 lines long, on pedicels 1 to 5 lines long, 8-20-ovuled ; style short (^ line long) ; stigma 
 broadly capitate. — Spec. ii. 642 ; DC. Syst. ii. 338 ; Lange, Medd. Green, iii. 247. D. pauci- 
 flora, K. Br. in Parry, 1st Voy. Suppl. to App. 266. D. micropetala. Hook, in Parry, 2d 
 Voy. App. 385. — Arctic coast and islands from Griunell Land, Greet y, to Point Barrow; 
 Cape Chudleigh and Mansfield Lsland, Hudson Bay, R. Bell, the latter specimens with 
 rounded pods ; Rocky Mountains, Brit. America, Drummond {D. rupestris, $, Hook. Fl. Bor.- 
 Arn. i. 53), Macoun. (Greenland, N. Eu., Siberia.) 
 
 D. Howellii, Watson. Finely stellate-pubescent throughout, cespitose with branching 
 caudex: leaves broadly spatulate, mostly very obtuse, half inch long or less: scapes 3 or 4 
 inches high : flowers large (3 or 4 lines long), in a loose raceme, deep yellow : pods pubescent, 
 oblong, acute at each end, somewhat oblique, 2 to 4 lines long not including the slender 
 style (a line long), on spreading pedicels 3 or 4 lines in length. — Proc. Am. Acad. xx. 
 354. — In the Sislciyou Mountains, Calif., T. Howell. 
 
 D. Lemnioni, Watson. High alpine, densely cespitose and caudex much branched : leaves 
 rather thick, spatulate or oblong-obovate, mostly very obtuse, ciliate and pilose with simple 
 or forked hairs or nearly glabrous, 3 to 5 lines long : scapes 1 or 2 inches high, pilose with 
 sjneading hairs : flowers 2 lines long : sepals somewhat villous : pods pubescent or glabrous, 
 ovate to broadly lanceolate, more or less twisted, 3 lines long, on slender spreading pedicels 
 2 to 4 lines long; style stout, short. — Bot. Calif, ii. 430. D. alpina, var. algida, Brew. & 
 Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 29, mainly. — Peaks of the Sierra Nevada, Brewer, Lemmon ; Wallowa 
 ^lountains, E. Oregon, Cusick. 
 
 D. ventosa, Gray. Cespitose; the slender branches of the caudex more or less densely 
 leafy : leaves oblong-oblanceolate, obtuse or acutish, densely stellate-pubescent, 2 to 5 lines 
 
 Southward to Mineral King, Calif., ace. to Coville, 
 
 I.e. 
 
Dmba. CRUCIFKR.E. Kj'J 
 
 long : scapes i to 4 inclics high, puhosiciit or glalimto ; raronio iiRiiallv loosp : flowers hrij,'lit 
 yellow, 2 lines long or more: calyx usually pulptsccnt : pu.ls ovale lo olilonglamcolato, 
 usually acute, densely jiuhesceut to glalirous, 2 ti> 4 lines lung, with a 8h<irt hlender t<l\\v (a 
 third line long), on pedicels 1 to 4 lines long. — Am. Nat viii. 212. I). nlfiiKi, Watt*. Hot. 
 King Exp. 20. — Peak above Snake I'jiss, N. \V. Wyoming, I'lirri/ ; K. llumlMtldt Monn- 
 taius, Nevada, and Uinta Mountains, Utah, Walsim, iu>. 84, and no. 92 in part ; Stvin'n 
 Mountain, S. E. Oregon, T. Ilourll. Tlio original sjiecimens were very densely leafy and 
 den.scly pubescent throughout. 
 
 D. eurycarpa, (ln.w. J)ensely cespitose and stellate-pubescent; tlie sliort liraiichex of tho 
 caudex very leafy: leaves oblanceolate, 6 lines long: scaj)es scan-ely exceeding the leavon, 
 pubescent, lew-Howered : flowers unknown : ])ods large, nl)li(ng-<il)(ivate, acute, giabroiin, 5 to 
 8 lines long, 2 to 4 broad ; the slender style nearly a line long. — I'roc. Am. Acad. vi. .')20. — 
 Near summit of peak south of Sonora I'ass, Calif., at ll,.')()() feet alt., linmr, no. l'J09. 
 •i- H— Leaves (mostly very small) entire or rarely few-tootheil : Howers white : scajies randy 
 with a single leaf. 
 
 D. nivalis, Lir..JKHLAD. Caudex with numerous slender nuitted branches : leaves in sjiiall 
 dense tufts, oblanceolate, ficutish, with a rather stout midnerve, entire, canescent with a short 
 dense stellate pubescence, not at all ciliate or slightly so near -the ba.<e, 2 or 3 lines long or 
 less: scapes slender, pubescent, 1 to 3 inches high: calyx jiubescent : jiods few, iiMiiilly 
 glabrous, oblong, acute at each end, 2 or 3 lines long, with short stout style and 2lol.ed 
 stigma, on pedicels 1 or 2 lines long or less; ovules about 10 or 12. — Vet. Akad. llandl. 
 1793, 208 ; Lindbl. Linnaia, xiii. 325 ; Fl. Dan. t. 2417 ; Lange, Medd. Gra-n. iii. 39. It. muri- 
 cella, AVahl. Fl. Lap. 174; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 104. D. slrthln, var. uirulis, Hegel, IJull. 
 Soc. Nat. Muse, xxxiv. pt. 2, 192. — From the Arctic Coa.st to Labrador on the ea.st, ami to 
 the Aleutian Islands on the west; Madeod's Lake, Brit. Columltia and North Kootenai 
 Vass, Mucoiin ; mountains of Colorado; Uinta Mountains, Utah, and E. HumJM.Idt Moun- 
 tains, Nevada, Watson. The flowers appear to be sometimes tinged with yellow. The 
 Kocky Mountain and other western specimens are usually .somewhat ciliate at the luise of 
 the leaves. ((Jrcenland, Iceland, Spitzbergen, N. Eu.) 
 
 Var. elongata, Watson. Leaves ol>tuse or acutish : scai)es very slender : jiods long 
 and narrow (4 to 8 lines in length), on pedicels 1 to ■') lines long. — I'roc. Am. Acad, xxiii. 
 2.")8. ? D.lo'vljies, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 53. — Rocky Mountains of Brit. America, lioiinimu, 
 Mdconn ; McDonald's Peak and Upper Maria's Pa.ss, Montana, Caiihi/ : N. W. Wyoming, 
 Piin-i/ ; Uinta Mountains, Watson ; Mt. Paddo, Washington, Sidsdor/. 
 
 D. subsessilis, Watson. Densely cespitose : the caudex very much branched : leaves 
 crowded, very small, oblong, obtuse, finely stellate-pubescent or partially glabnite, n«>t 
 ciliate: peduncles very short, rather stout; the fruiting racemes an inch liigh, with the pods 
 sparsely pubescent ; pedicels short : Howers small : i>etals white, scarcely exceeding the yel- 
 lowish ovate sepals: pods broadly ovate-elliptical, acutisli or obtuse, 2 lines loiifr, a.scending: 
 style very i^hort and thick ; ovules and seeds 6 or more. — Proc Am. Acail. xxrii. 25.), 25S. — 
 White Mountains, Mono Co.,i California, at 13,000 feet alt., Shoclley. 
 
 D. Fladnizensis, Whlf. Caudex nmch branched : leaves more loosely rosnhite. narrosvly 
 oblanceolate and usually acute, entire, ])ilo.se-ciliate and u.^ually span^^ely villous or somen hat 
 stellate-jmbescent, rarely wholly glabrous, 3 to 5 lines long: .scapes 1 to 3 inches hi^li. 
 usually glabrous or slightly villous : ])etals often yellowish : jhmIs glal)rous, ovate-^iblong or 
 ovate, 2 to 3j lines long, several-see<led, on pedicels 1 or 2 lines in length ; stigma nearly 
 sessile. — Wulf. in Jacq. Misc. i. 147, t. 17, f. 1. /A amhosncn , Willd. Siio<\ iii. 42S. 
 r>. lactea, Adams, Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. v. 104. A Lai>i>onirn, Willd. in DC. Syst. ii. 344. 
 D. Wahlenherqii, Hartm. Scand. Fl. 240; Fl. Dan. t. 2420. — lIu<l.<on Strait. It. lUll : V.iv^]*' 
 County, Lower Canada, ./. A. Alien : Rocky Mountains of Brit. America. linHnirmi. liurlr .. 
 Mountains of Colorado, Brandeffee, Ifonkn' & (ha,/, Putlevson ; S. Utah. Sil.r,^ form with 
 the leaves regularly ciliate with umisually long hairs. (Greenland. N. and Centnil Ku , 
 Asia.) ' ■ . ' 
 
 Var. COrymbosa, Watsov, 1. c. Leaves rather more frequently ttiothed, ciliate and 
 somewhat i)ul)esceiit : scapes and sepals u.sually pubescent : pods slellate-pnUvscent : stylo 
 very short.— A a>n,ml>o.sa, R. Br. in Ross, Voy. Aj.p. 143 ; Fl. Dan. t. -.MIS; Lange, 1. c. 
 1 Also near Mt. Whitney, ace. to ("ovilie. I. . . 
 
110 CRUCIFER.^. Di-aha. 
 
 41. — Greenland and jierJiaps also (the original specimens) from tlie western coast of 
 Baffin's Bay. Many of the specimens from Greenland and SjMtzbergeu that have been 
 referred to it appear to belong, some to D. alpina and others to D. hirta. ■ 
 
 * * Caulescent; stems few- or many-leaved: leaves entire or few-toothed. 
 
 ■i-r Flowers yellow. 
 
 ++ Lower leaves often an inch long or more. 
 
 D. hyperborea, Dks^v. More or less ])ubcscent with very .^hort brandling hairs; camlex 
 .stout, siniiile ; steins simple or branched, (lccunil)ent, a span high or less : leaves oblanccolate, 
 coarselv toothed, 1 to 4 inches long including the broadly winged petiole ; the cauline some-* 
 times obloug-obovate : flowers in a broad corymb : pods broadly elliptical to narrowly ob- 
 long and obtuse (var. spatulata, Gray), 3 to 9 lines long, usually glabrous, on spreading 
 pedicels 3 to 6 lines long; style half line long.— Jour. Bot. iii. 172 (1814). Ali/ssum 
 liiiperlmreum, L. Spec. ii. 6.^)1. D. (jraudis, Langsd. in DC. Syst. ii. 355; Deless. Ic. Sel. 
 ii. 14, t. 47. Cochlcaria spathiilata & C. siliijuosa, Schlecht. in DC. Syst. ii. 369. C. seplen- 
 triimtills DC. Prodr. i. 174, not Schleciit. — Alaska, from Sitka to the Aleutian Islands and 
 St. Paul's Island. 
 
 D. chrysantha, Watson. Cespitose ; the caudex much-branched ; stems 1 to 5 inches 
 hitjh. t;labr(nis or loosely pubescent: leaves deep green, very narrowly oblanceolate ; the 
 few cauline linear to lanceolate, rarely few-toothed, glabrous or sparingly ciliate or somewhat 
 pubescent, -J to 2 inches long: flowers bright yellow becoming whitish : calyx somewhat 
 villous : pods glabrous, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 3 to 6 lines long: pedicels usually short, 
 1 to 5 lines long : style slender, about half line long. — Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 364. — IligJi 
 peaks of Colorado, frequent ; peak south of Apache Pass, Arizona, Lcmuwn. 
 
 D. Streptocdrpa, Gray. Thinly villous with long spreading simple or branched hairs : 
 caudcK simple or sparingly branched ; stems erect, simple or strictly branched, an inch to a 
 si)au liigh : leaves oblanceolate, or the cauline oblong or lanceolate, acute, rarely slightly 
 toothed, ciliate and more or less villous, 3 to 18 lines long: calyx glabrous or somewhat 
 ■villous : pods lanceolate, acute or acuminate, usually twisted, glabrous or often pubescent on 
 the margin, 3 to 6 lines long, on pedicels half as long; style slender, a line long. — Am. 
 Jour Sci. ser. 2, xxxiii. 242. — Mountains of Colorado and New Mexico; Huachuca and 
 Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona, Lemmon, Pringle, a stellate-pubescent and but slightly 
 villous form, nearly approaching the following. 
 
 D. aurea Vahl. Pubescent throughout with short stellate hairs and occasionally somewhat 
 pilose : caudex simple or sparingly branched ; stems usually rather stout, erect, usually 
 branched from the base upward, leafy, 2 to 15 inches high: leaves oblanceolate or the cauline 
 lanceolate, usuallv narrow, frequently ciliate at base, i to 2 inches long : calyx more or less 
 pubescent: petals bright yellow to nearly white: pods lanceolate to linear, acute, pubescent 
 (rarely glabrous), often twisted, 3 to 6 lines long, on pedicels half as long; style half line 
 long or less. — Vahl in Hornem. Fors. fEc. Plantel. ed. 2, 599 ; Fl. Dan. t. 1460 ; Hook. Bot. 
 Mag. t. 2934. — In the Rocky Mountains from Mt. Selwyn, Brit. America, to New Mexico 
 and Utah; Arizona, Santa Rita Mountains, Prinf/Ie, Mt. Graham and Mt. Agassiz, Lemmou, 
 the last with glabrous pods ; Mignon Island, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Linden. A form with 
 ovate pods has been collected in the Uinta Mountains, Utah, Walson, and in the Sawatch, 
 Bmnilef/ee. (Greenland.) 
 
 Var. stylosa, Gray, 1. c. 243. Styles very slender, a line long. — Near Santa Fe'. New 
 Mexico, Findler. Doubtful specimens collected by Bi;/elow near Albuquerque, New Mexico, 
 and bv Rothrork in Sauoita Valley, Arizona, have some of the cauline leaves broad and 
 ovate. 
 
 ++ ++ Leaves small, half inch long or less. 
 
 D. aureola, Watso\. Rather densely stellate-pubescent throughout ; caudex simple or 
 branched ; stems short, simple, 4 inches high or less : leaves oblanceolate ; the cauline oblong, 
 obtuse, entire, half inch long: raceme dense in flower and frnit: calyx glabrous: pods 
 broadly oblong, obtuse, pubescent, not twisted, 4 to 5 lines long, on spreading; pedicels 2 or 
 3 lines lonf^ ; style short (half line long), stout. — Bot. Calif, ii. 430. — Lassen's Peak, Calif., 
 Lemmon, Mrs. Austin. 
 
 D. corrugata, Watsox, 1. c Pubescent throughout with loose branching hairs : caudex 
 
Druba. CRrciFKlLK. HI 
 
 simple or branched ; stems hrancliing frum the liasu iipward, very leafy, 2 to fi iiiches hi;;h : 
 leaves obloiig-ohlauceulate, obtiisisli, entire, about half iiiili loiif^ or less : ll(jwern pah- y<-llow : 
 sepals pubescent: puds lanceolate to broadly olilong, acute or obtuse, jiuU-srcnt, nnub ror- 
 rugated and twisted, 2 to 5 lines long not inchiding tlie very slender style (a line ..r more 
 long) whicli is attenuate to a minute stigma: pedicels I to 3 lines long. — Mt. tJrevback 
 in the San Bernardino Mountains, f.emmon, W. (J. Wriijltt. 
 -I— -t— Flowers white. 
 ■H- Stems simple or sparingly branched. 
 = Cauline leaves several (or few in I), /intnri). 
 D. incana, l^. stellate pube.-«ont tliroughout; pubescence usually loose: caudex often 
 simple; stem 2 to 1;") inches higli : leaves mostly oblancecdate or the cauline sometimes 
 ovate, few-toothed or entire : pods oblong to lanceolate, usually acute and straight, glabrous 
 or finely .stellate-pubescent, 3 to 5 lines long, usually suberect on a.sceiiding pedicels I to 3 
 lines long; .style very short. — Spec. ii. 643. D. contorta, Ehrh. IJeitr. vii. l.'iS. I). rn„/,im, 
 Ehrh. 1. c., the form with pubescent pods. — Labrador to New Brunswick anil N. \'ermont ; 
 in the Kocky Mountains inlat. 51°, and in Cidorado at (ieorgetown. < i' ntui: , -.mil South I'ark, 
 Rothrock & \Vi>lf; at Ft. Eraser anil McLeod's Lake, Brit. Columliia, Mnronu. Some of the 
 western specimens are more fijiely and densely pubescent than is usual, ((ireenland, Ku., 
 Asia.) 
 
 Var. arabisans, AVatson. Caudex mudi branched : jiod glabron.s acuminate or 
 acute, often twisteil, 4 to 6 lines long, beaked with a longer distinct stvle. — I'roc. Am. 
 Acad, xxiii. 260, & in Gray, Man. ed. 6, 67. D. araliisaiis, Michx. Fl. ii. 28; Crav, (Jen. 111. 
 i. 160, t. 68. D. Arabis, I'ers. Syn. ii. 190. D. ylabelln, I'ursh, Fl. ii. 434. />. inmwt, var. 
 glabriuscula, Gray, Ann. N. Y. Lye. iii. 222. D. Ihimfluiui, Schlecht. Linna'a, x. U»0. 
 D. Canadensis, Brunet, PI. Canad. 21, a form with ovate pods. — Labrador to N. \'ermont 
 and New York, an<l the shores of Lakes Huron and Superior. Grading indefinitely into the 
 typical form of the species. 
 
 D. Breweri, AVatson, 1. c. Dwarf and alpine, hoary throughout with a dense stellate 
 pubescence; the few stems from a shortly branched caudex, 1 to 3 inches high: leaves 
 crowded, oblong to linear-oblong, obtuse, entire or rarely s])aringly toothed, sometimes 
 slightly ciliate at base, 2 to 4 lines long; the cauline few, oidong-ovate; tlowers small: 
 sepals oblong, herbaceous, shorter than the petals : pods linear-oblong, obtusish, pulie.xcent, 
 2 or 3 lines long, on short ascending pedicels: stigma sessile or nearly .so. — Mt. Dana, 
 California, at 12,000 feet alt., Brewer; White Mountains, Mono County, at 13,000 feet alt , 
 Shocl-leij. 
 
 D. borealis, DC. Loo.sely stellate-pubescent throughout, more or le.«s cespitose; stems 
 2 to 12 inches high: leaves ovate to oblong-ovate, flat, glabrous or pubescent. 3 to :^ lines 
 long, exceeding the pedicels ; style short and stout. — Syst. ii. 342. I). Unahsrhklitun. DC. 
 \. c. 350. D. incana, var. borealis, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 107. — Alaska and adjacent islands; 
 Brit. Columbia, /?o^/irw^; Arctic Coast, F;y7/iX/»« ; Ochotsk Sea, Wright. A variety with 
 longer pedicels is found in Japan (Z). Sarhalinensis, Schmidt). 
 = = Cauline leaves one to three. 
 
 D. hirta, L. Loosely stellate-pubescent : caudex branched ; stems low, usually lax • leaves 
 narrow or the cauline ovate, | to 1 inch long or less, sometimes ciliate: ptvis oblong-lanceo- 
 late to oblong-ovate, glabrous or sparingly pubescent, often somewhat twisted, 3 to 5 lines 
 long, u.sually exceeding the short pedicels ; .style short and stout; stigma often 2dol)ed. — 
 Syst. ed. 10, 1127; Fl. Dan. t. 2422; Lange.Medd. GrnMi. iii. 42. I). riii>,stris, K. Br. in 
 Ait. f. Kew. ed. 2,iv. 91 ; Fl. Dan. t. 2421. P. nbhmgatn, \l. Br. in Ross, Voy. .\pp. 143 ; DC. 
 Syst. ii. 342. D. graciUs, Ledeb. Fl. Ho.ss. i. 152. — Alaska, Cape Tliomp.oon to I'nalaska; 
 the Arctic Coast to Bensselaer Harbor, Kane. (Greenland, N. Eu., and Asia.) 
 
 Var. arctioa, Watson. Densely tufted and more densely ptibes<eiit : leave.-' short ; 
 the cauline ovate: pods pubescent. — IVoc. Am. Acad, xxiii. 2fitt. />. inT//V(i, Vahl, Fl. 
 Dan. t. 2294; Lange, 1. c. 43. — (^rinnell Land, (h->rhi. ((ireenland, Spifzbergen.) 
 ++ -H- Stems diffusely branched above. 
 
 D. ramosissima, Desv. Thinly stellate-pubescent : canilex much branched ; stems slender, 
 a span high: leaves oblauceobite, laciniately toothed, acute, \\ to 2l inches long: raceme* 
 
]^]^2 CRUCIFERiE. I^ruba. 
 
 numerous rather short : flowers rather large : pods ovA to narrowly oblong, pubescent, 
 twisted 2 to 4 lines Ion-, not iududing the very slender style (U lines long) ; stigma lobcd. 
 — Jour Bot. iii. 186 (ISU) ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 106. Alyssum (?) dentatnm, Nutt. Gen. n. 
 63. D.dentata, Hook. & Am. Jour. Bot. i. 192; Hook. Ic. t. 31. — Mountains of Virginia 
 and Tennessee ; cliffs of the Kentucky Kiver, Short. 
 
 § 5. Aizoi'Sis, DC. Leaves liuear, entire, becoming rigid with reflexed margin 
 and carinate by the prominent midnerve : scapose, alpine, and densely cespitose. 
 — Syst. ii. 332. 
 
 D glacialis, Auams. Caude.\ much branched; branches short and slender: leaves 2 to 9 
 "lines luut;, n'lore or less loosely stellate-pubescent, sometimes ciliate at base: scape slender, 
 -I to 6 iirJlies high, pubescent' or glabrate, raceme rather few-flowered ; sepals somewhat 
 villous or glabrous : petals yellowish : pods ovate to ovate-oblong, acute, rounded at base 
 (or narrowly oblong and acute at both ends), usually finely pubescent, 1 to 4 lines long on 
 pedicels 1 to 6 lines in length, 8 to 16-ovuled ; style a quarter to half line long. — Mem. Soc. 
 Nat. Mosc. V. 106 ; Kegel, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xxxiv. pt. 2, 186, t. .5, f. 3, 4 (var.) ; Hook. f. 
 Fl. Brit. Ind. i. 142. JJ. olkfospcniia, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.51.' D. nlpim, var. glacialis, 
 Dickie, Jour. Linn. Soc. xi. 33. — Frequent in the Rocky Mountains from Brit. America to 
 Wyoming and Montana, more rare south and westward ; South Bark, Colorado, Rothrock 
 & *iro//;*Uinta Mountains, Utah, Watson; Blue Mountains, Oregon, Cusick; Mt. Dana, 
 Calif., i^reim- ,- Cascade Moimtains of Washington, Z-ya//, Tweed,/; McLeod's Lake and 
 Stewart Lake Mountains, Brit. Columbia, Macotin ; also collected in the arctic regions by 
 Richardson in lat. 68°, on the Mackenzie Kiver, and by Franklin. Very variable but well 
 marked and apparently identical with Asiatic forms, as described, originally found on the 
 arctic coast of Siberia and the banks of the Lena. The smaller higher alpine specimens 
 have sometimes the pubescence very fine and dense. (Asia, Spitzbcrgen.) 
 
 Var * pectinata, Watson. i Alpine and very densely cespitose, the short rigid 
 leaves .Glabrous or nearly so, and ciliate with long rigid hairs: pods 4-6-seeded, pubescent 
 with brtmched hairs, or glabrate; yalves only moderately convex. —Proc. Am. Acad, xxiii. 
 260 D denslfolia, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 104. —California, Silver Mountain, Brewer, 
 and Mt Lola Lemmon ; Nevada, E. Humboldt Mountains, Watson; Idaho, Nevius ; Utah, 
 Jones ; Uinta Mountains, Watson, no. 88, a form with fleshy shorter glabrous and less 
 ciliate leaves. 
 D * Douglasii, Gkay."-^ Leaves firm or even somewhat cartilaginous, at first pubescent 
 'with short nearly simple hairs but glabrate except the strongly ciliated margins, n.>t lucid: 
 scapose stems half inch to inch and a half high, finely pubescent with simjde hairs : flowers 
 white • pods ovate, acuminate, 2 lines long : valves becoming very strongly convex, pubes- 
 cent with simple hairs ; stvle slender, half line to a line in length ; ovules only two (or 
 rarely four) in each cell, pendent from near the apex of the cells; seeds very large. — Proc. 
 Am. Acad. vii. 328; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 29. Brat/a Oregonensis, Gray, 1. c. xvii. 
 199. Cn.'iickia, Gray, 1. c — High mountains of the Sierra Nevada, from San Bernardino 
 Co Parish northward throughout California to Union Co., Oregon, Cusirt, and Klikitat, 
 Washington. Howell; also in N. & W. Nevada, Anderson, Watson; first coll. by Douglas; 
 fl. April to June. 
 
 2. ATH"^SANUS, Greene, (d privative, and Ova-avo^, fringe, i" reference 
 to the hick of the distinct border which in Thysanocarpus is present and often 
 cleft.)— A monotypic annual, formerly classed with Thysanocarpus, but, as Prof. 
 Greene has pointed out, nearly related to Draba unilateralis, Jones, and generically 
 
 1 De.<!cription amplified to exclude more clearly the following nearly related species. 
 
 2 Dr Watson omitted this species from bis pvehminary treatment of the genus, having probably 
 noticed its identity with Dr. Gray's Brayn Oregonensis. There can be little doubt, however, that 
 Dr. Gray's earlier disposition of the plant in the genus Drnba was the more accurate. The micro- 
 scopic structure of the false septum in the fruit is of Draba, and very different from that of Braya a. 
 pcnus to which on other accounts this species can scarcely be referred. D. Crockeri, Lemmon, BulL 
 Ton-. Club, xvi. 221, is from character and habitat a synonym. 
 
Thysannciirjms. CKL'CIFKU.K. "II3 
 
 nither unsatisftictorily separated by its l-ccllcd. 2- i-c.vuKd, l-seeded fruit; iIim 
 silicids falling off without dehisc-eiicc hut [lossessiiig v:ilvcs, which divido n-ruhirlv 
 under the prolonged influence of moisture. From the European genus Vlypenln 
 of similar hahit it is technically separated by the absence of any meml>ranou.H c»r 
 tooth-like appendages upon the filaments. — ; Bull, Calif. Aca<l. Sci. i. 72 ; Pranll 
 in Engl. &. Prautl, Nat. PHanzenfam. iii. Ab. 2, lUl. [By B. L. Roiunson.] 
 
 A. pusillus, Gkeknk, 1. c. Hirsiite-tomentose, braiiclieil from near thn haso, .3 to 9 iiidu'.H 
 hi^li ; branches subsiinplo, spreading, tcrminatiupj in elongated racemes: leaves ulilancc- 
 olate, obtuse, toothed or piuuatifid, 4 to 6 lines long, forming a rosette at the luLxe ; the cauline 
 more or less reduced : ])edicels 1 to 1^ lines in length, recurved : flowers very small : iK-talx 
 minute, linear, or wanting: fruit f to 1 line in diameter, usually rovered witli spreading 
 uncin:ite hairs. — Tli i/sanocar/ms iiitsillus, Ilouk. Ic. t. 42; Torr. & Grav, Fl. i. 1 1 9. 
 7\ oblongifolius, Nutt. iu Torr. & (iray, 1. c. 118. — Dry liillsides from San Diego, OrcutI, 
 to 15rit. Columliia, Muconn ; common. 
 
 Var. glabrior, Watsox, in herb. Leaves thin, nearly smootli, at le!u«t not hirsute ; fruit 
 ciliated I)ut glabrous upon the faces. — Growing witii the tyi)ical form near Fort Mohave, 
 J. (I. Lciiuiioii, April, 1884. A form with pods smooth and free even from ciliaiinn l.a- lie. n 
 collected near San Francisco, Mrs. Biandegee. 
 
 3. THYSANOCARPUS, Hook, (©i^o-avov, fringe, and KapTr,.^, inut.; - 
 Slender erect annuals of the Pacific Slope, with subsirnple or branche<l stmis, 
 minute white or purplish fiowers, and very characteristic disk-shaped or concave 
 indehiscent one-celled fruit; the latter often toothed like a cog-wheel or per- 
 forated near margin by a series of openings. — Fl. Bor.-Am. i. G9, t. 18, f. A; 
 Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 94; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 48, excl. T. pusil/ns. 
 [By B. L. RoiiiNSON.] 
 
 * Stem profusely l)rauched ; branches spreading at a considerable angle, commonly again 
 once or twice branched : petals purplish or white, considerably exceeding the ealyx ; pud.s 
 small (1^- to 2 lines in diameter), often strongly concave and boat-shaped with a comiiiplu 
 catc divided or perforated wing. 
 
 T. conchuliferus, Greene. Glabrous throughout, glancons, 4 to 8 inches in height: 
 leaves linear or lance-linear, sagittate-auriculate, runcinately toothed or ])arted ; teeth 2 to 4 
 pairs : racemes 1 or 2 inches long, rather densely niany-flowercd : jjcdicels 2 to 3 lines long, 
 spreading horizontally and gently recurved : pod markedly cymbiform, finely, reticulattnl 
 but quite glabrous. — Bull. Torr. Club, xiii. 218, & Pittouia, i. 31; K. Hrandegee, Zoe, 
 i. 1^2. —Rocky soil on the Island of Santa Cruz off coast of S. California, Greme, 
 Bnvideiiee. 
 
 Var. planilisculus, Robinson, n. var. Fruit plano-convex or sliglitly concavo- 
 convex, not perceptibly reticulated but hirsute upon both sides: pedicels 4 to 6 lines long. 
 — Island of Santa Cruz with type, T. S. Biandefjee, April, 1888. 
 
 ♦ * Stems simple or with a few subsimple elongated nearly erect branches: po<ls 2 to 4 
 lines in diameter, jilano convex, rarely a little concave on one side; wing entire, ilivide<|, 
 or perforated: flowers very small: petals little exceeding the calyx: ujiper leaves 
 narrow. 
 
 T. CUTVipes, Hook. Commonly more or le.*s hirsute below, 8 to 12 inche.'* in height : ba.*al 
 leaves msnhite, often persisting, oblong, jiinnatifitl with short blunt lobes or merely dentate ; 
 up])er leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, sagittate ;iuriculate and clamping nt l>a>i ' — 
 (6 to l(» lines in length): pedicels very slender, 14 to 3 lines long. le:(ving the axis :i' 
 angles and strongly recurveil : fruit subject to much variation. 1 to •2\ lines in •!! 
 (including wing), tomeiitose or glabrous; wing narrow <.r liroa<l. usually entire, s.inutim..^ 
 crenate or with a few perforations, sometimes involute (var. i>voi,i':ris, Gjoodc. Fl. 
 Francis. 27.')) — Fl. 15or.-Am. i 6<t, t. 18, f. .\; Torr & Gray, Fl. i. 118; Brew. & \\M». 
 
114 CRUCIFER.E. Thy.^iiuoccrjnis. 
 
 Bot. Calif, i. 48; M. E. Joucs, Bot. Gaz. viii. 283. T. pulrhellus, Fiscb. & Mey. Ind. Sem. 
 Hort. I'etrop. ii. 1835, 25; Hook. Coinp. Bot. Mag. ii. 9 —Dry ground ou hills, from 
 S. California and Arizona to Wasliingtou, SiiksJorf, and Idaho, Si>ulil ng, Wilccr. 
 
 Var. elegans, Rouinson, n. var. (Lace-pod.) Fruit larger, 2 to 4 lines broad; 
 wing usually perforated with regular series of roundish openings; upper leaves inclining 
 to be broader tlian in typical form. — T. elegans, Fisch. & Mey. 1. c. 26; Hook. 1. c., & 
 If. t. ."39; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 118. T.'curvipes, Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 48, in part; 
 AVats. Bibl. Index, 74. — Arizona, Pn'ngle, Palnwr, and Calif(»rnia nortli at lea.st to Ciiico, 
 Grai/. This variety, while iu its extreme form strikingly different from the typical phint, 
 is thoroughly connected with the latter by a very complete and gradual series of inter- 
 mediate forms. Prof. Greene states that it does not ;.:row in the Coast Range, but it has 
 l)een collected on Mt. Diablo, Brewer, and in the Napa Valley, BIt/elow. 
 T. laciniatus, Nutt. Smooth or nearly so, glaucous, 8 to 15 inches high: leaves thinner 
 tliau in the preceding; those near iiase not forming a dense or persistent rosette, linear or 
 subentir© or deeply pinnatitid into narrow linear acute segments; upper leaves entire, 
 elongated (10 to 15 lines in length), scarcely a line in breadth, inserted by a narrow bajse : 
 racemes 4 to 8 lines long: fruit obovatc, elliptic, or orbicular, 1^ to If lines in diameter 
 (including the entire or subentire imperforate wing), distinctly reticulated, commonly but 
 not always glabrous; pedicels slendei, spreading and detiexed. — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 
 i. 118 ; Wats. Bot. King Exp. 31 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 49. — Central and Southern 
 California, Arizona. 
 
 Var. crenatus, Brewer. Fruit with a deeply crenate-toothed or perforated wing, 
 usually becoming 2 to 2^ lines ia breadtli : racemes usually shorter and denser than in type. 
 — Bot. Calif, i. 49. 7\ crenalaa, Nutt. 1. c. T. ramosus, Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. ii. 
 390. — Occurring with and not always distinguishable from the typical form. 
 
 * * * Fods 4 to 5 lines in diameter, plano-convex or nearly so ; the wing radiately nerved, 
 ueitlier toothed nor perforated : upper leaves ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, cordate- 
 auriculate. 
 
 T. radians, Benth. Stems 10 to 15 inches high, simple or with a few simple elongated 
 ascending branches, glabrous : lowest leaves runcinately toothed or piunatifid; the upper 
 sub-entire : racemes long, loosely flowered ; pedicels usually ascending but nodding near 
 apex, 4 to 8 lines long : petals purple, exceeding the c<alyx : fruit downy or quite smooth, 
 white, with dark nerves radiating in the wing. — PI. Hartw. 297; Brew. & Wats. Bot. 
 Calif, i. 49. — Central California, Sacramento Valley, northward to Oregon, HoweU. Not 
 abundant, but striking on account of its large light-colored and radiately nerved fruit. 
 
 4. BERTEI16A, DC. (Dedicated to Carlo Giuseppe Bertero, a Pied- 
 Pjontese botanist, 1789-1831, who travelled in Sojith America.)— A small genus 
 often united with Ahjssum, with which many of its technical characters agree, but 
 so different in its tall branching habit, as well as its very deeply cleft petals and 
 generally more numerous margined or winged seeds, as to appear worthy of 
 generic rank, to which it has lately been restored by Prof. Prantl. — Mem. Mus. 
 Paris, vii. 232, Syst. ii. 290, & Prodr. i. 158. Under Farsetia, Reichenb. Consp. 
 184. Under Ahjssum, Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 74. [By B. L. Robinson.] 
 
 B. incAna, DC. Erect or somewhat decumbent, 1 to 2 feet high, pale green: branches 
 simple: radical leaves spatulate, 2 to 4 inches long^ the cauline similar or lanceolate, 
 smaller : petals white, much exserted, deeply bifi<i, almost as in Stelbtrin : capsule elliptic, 
 somewhat inflated, about 3 lines long; cells about 6-seeded ; style slender, persi.stent. — 
 Syst. ii. 291. Alyssum incaninn, L. Spec. ii. 650. — Grain, hay, and clover fields, becoming 
 frc(iuent, N. New England an<l Massachusetts, probably introduced with grass or clover 
 seed ; also a ballast-weed about New York City, Judge Brown. (Adv. from Eu.) 
 B. mttAbilis, DC, a very similar species with pods larger and flatter, 4 to 5 lines long, is 
 
 reported as somewhat established at Hingham, Ma.ss., Bonv... (Adv. from Eu.) 
 
.\h,ssu,n. CRUCIFKK.E. 110 
 
 5. LOBULARIA, Dosv. (New Latin lubulUs, vl little loho, presuniubly 
 ill reference to the two-parted or lobed hairs.) — A small group of Old World 
 plants, chiefly of the Mediterranean region, often united with Alt/ssum, but of 
 distinct habit and with very ditt'erent and characteristic pubescence. — .lour, \^^>t. 
 iii. 102 (1814) ; Prantl in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. 2, 195. Ao«iy, 
 Adans. Fam. ii. 420. Aduseton, Adans. 1. c. ii. (23). Kaiu'ga, U. IJr. in Denh. 
 »fc Clapp. App. 214. — The name here retained is the earliest desirable generic 
 designation, since one of Adansou's names was not Latinized and the other 
 spelled in two ways by the author himself, who ccnnpletes their confusion by 
 transposing them in his prefatory errata. [By R L. Robinson.] 
 
 L. MARfxiMA, Desv. 1. c. (Sweet Alyssim.) Perenniiil, lirancliiiig near the b.-U'o, wmie- 
 tinies a little woody below: branches sleuder, leafy: leaves oblong-laiiceuhite to linear, 
 appressed-pubescent witli hairs attached in the middle : racemes numerous, becoming elon- 
 gated ; pedicels widely spreading or divaricate, 3 lines in length : flowers white, fragrant : 
 petals fully twice as long as sepals ; blades suborbicular, entire, patulous : filaments enlarged 
 below but not toothed : capsule orbicular, a line in diameter; cells 1 -seeded. — Ctif/i'Ja 
 vian'lima, L. Spec. ii. 652. A/i/ssum marifiititim, Lam. Diet. i. 98; !)(,'. Syst. ii. 318 
 Koniqa viarithnn, R. Br. I.e.; Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, v. 175. — Cultivated and occa- 
 sionally spontaneous or somewhat established by roadsides. (Adv. from Ku.) 
 
 6. ALYSSUM, Tourn. (Etymology, u privative, and AiWa, madness, 
 the plants having been regarded in ancient times as an antidote for hydrophobia, 
 see Pliny, N. H. xi, 57, 95.) — Herbaceous or suffrutescent plants, natives of the 
 Old World north of the tropics. One species is indigenous in Alaska and another 
 of different section is more or less established in the United States. — Tourn. 
 ace. to L. Gen. no. 533; DC. Prodr. i. IGO; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. ii. 18-21 : 
 Benth. & Hook. G?n. i. 73. [By B. L. Robinson.] 
 
 § 1. EuALYSSUM, Boiss. Filaments laterally toothe<l : cells of the fruit 
 2-,seeded. — Fl. Orient, i. 264. — Alaskan perennial (and many ()M Worhl 
 species). 
 
 A. Americanum, Greene. Low, spreading, densely stellate-pubescent, perennial • stems 
 decuialieiit, 3to 5 inches in height, leafy up to the subcorymbose inflorescence : leaves spatn- 
 lato, i>aU' al)ove, white beueatli, entire, 3 to 6 lines l<)ng, a third as broad, rounded at the 
 apex: racemes even hi fruit but an inch in length; peilicels divaricate, liecoming 3 lines 
 long: sepals ovate-oblong, obtuse: petals with suborbicular narrowly notch<-d blade and 
 very slender claw: filaments appendaged : capsule broadly obovate. nearly 2 lines long, 
 witii a slender persistent .style less than half its length. — Pittonia, ii. 224. — This plant 
 appears to stand close to A. wmilitnnm, L., and better fruiting sj>ecimen8 are necessary to 
 prove with much certaintv its di.<tiuctiiess from this and other closely related species of the 
 Old World. 
 § 2. I'siLONEMA, C. A. Meyer (as genus). Filaments unappendaged : petals 
 
 cuneate : cells of the fruit 2-seeded. — Meyer in Ledeb. Fl. Alt. iii. 50. 
 
 A. CALYcfNiTM, L. Low Spreading annual, stellate-pubescent, branching fmm near the haw : 
 leaves numerous, .small, sjiatulat*', entire, a.scending: racemes becoming 2 to 8 incli.« lung; 
 pedicels 1 to 2 lines in length: calyx wholly or partially persisting until the niainrity ..f the 
 fruit: petals small, white or nearly so, scarcely .surp:i.<sing tb.- .«ep:ils : fruit ...rl.i.nlar, 
 double convex but with thin margin. —Spec. ed. 2, ii. 90S; Wats. & Coulter in Jlniy, Man. 
 ed. 6, 68. A.ali/ssoidrs, L. Syst. e<l. 10. ii. 1130. C/.//wo/a alytsoides. L. Spoc. 6.'.2. — 
 Uoadsides, etc., across the continent, not infrrquciit ; fl. May. Jnne. (Adv. from Kn.) 
 
]^]^Q CRUCIFER.E. Lesquerella. 
 
 7. LESQUERl^LLA, Watson. (Dedicated to Leo Lesquerexix, distin- 
 truished palseontologist aud bryologist, born near Neufchatel, 1805, died 1889.) — 
 A lart^e and natural genus of North America, distinguished from Alyssum by 
 haviuw usually turgid pods (lenticular in a few species) aud unappendaged fila- 
 ments, from the gerontogeous genus Vesicaria by having smaller flowers, shorter 
 spatulate rather than unguiculate petals, smaller pods with more or less nerved 
 septum and generally immarginate seeds. The genus occupies the greater part 
 of the continent from the western borders of the Great Basin, Arizona, and 
 Lower California to Texas, Kentucky, the Saskatchewan, Labrador, and Green- 
 land. A single species is S. "American. — Proc. Am. Acad, xxiii. 249 ; Wats. 
 &, Coulter in Gray, Man. ed. 6, 68. Vesicaria of authors, not Lam., as to 
 American species (excl. Physaria), thus Gray, Gen. 111. i. 161, t. 70; Benth. &. 
 Hook. Gen. i. 73 ; Wats. Bibl. Index, 74. [By S. Watson.] 
 
 § 1. ALfsMUS, Watson. Pubescence loosely or somewhat hispidly stellate: 
 wmter annuals, with several often simple leafy ascending or subdecunibent stems, 
 not canescent or scarcely so : pods round or round-ovate, mostly sessile ; the cells 
 4-8-ovuled. — Proc. Am. Acad, xxiii. 250. 
 
 * Seeds margined : filaments dilated at base : style shorter than the pod. 
 H- Pods flattened, round-ovate, strigose-hairy ; septum not hyaline. 
 L. Lescurii, Watson, 1. c. Stems slender, usually branching, a span high or less: leaves 
 oblong-ovate' or oblong, toothed ; the caulinc sessile and auriculate : petals broadly spatulate, 
 2 to 3°liiies long : filaments inflated at the base : pods 2 or 3 lines long, ascending, the style 
 not half so long ; cells 4-ovuled ; the funiculus free.— Vesicaria Lescurii, Gray, Man. od. 2, 
 38. Ahjssum Lescurii, Gray, Man. ed. 5, 72. — Hills near Nashville, Tenn. 
 -1— H— Pods globose, glabrous. 
 L. grandiflora, Watson, I.e. Finely pubescent, rarely somewhat hispid: stems a foot 
 high or more: radical leaves oblanceolate, more or less deeply sinuate or sinuate-pinuatitid ; 
 the cauline oblanceolate to oblong or oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at l)ase or somewhat auricu- 
 late-clasping : petals obovate, 2 to 5 lines long : filaments gradually dilated below : pods 
 suberect on ascending or divaricate pedicels, 2 or 3 lines in diameter, abrupt at base : the 
 stvle rarely a line long ; cells usually 8-ovulcd. — Vesicaria >jrandi_/iora, Hook. Bot. Mag. 
 t 3464 ■ Don in Sweet, Brit. Fl. Card. ser. 2, t. 404; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 101, excl. var. ; 
 Gray, PI. Lindh. pt. 2, 148. V. hrevistulu, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 102. — Middle counties of 
 Texa^s, from the Gulf to the Red River. 
 L auriculata, Watson, 1. c. More hirsute with spreading hairs : cauline leaves more or 
 less auricled : petals narrower ; filaments abruptly and broadly dilated at base : pods slightly 
 narrowed at base; the style half its \Qngfh. — Vesicaria auriculata, Engelra. & Gray, PI. 
 Lindh. pt. 1, 32. — Dry prairies near San Felipe, Texas, Lindheimer. 
 
 * * Seeds immarginate : filaments slightly dilated : pods subdepressed-globose. 
 ^— Pods hirsute. 
 L. lasioc^rpa, Watson. Low, and slightly hispid : leaves coarsely toothed or pinnatifid ; 
 "the lower oblanceolate; the cauline oblong, sessile, not auriculate : petals obovate, 3 lines 
 long : filaments subdilated for half their length : pod twice longer than the stout style ; 
 cells 6-ovuled. — Wats. 1. c. 2.51.- Vesicaria lasiocarpa, Hook. Bot. Mag. under t. 3464, the 
 name onlv ; Gray, PI. Wright, ii. 13, in part. — Near Kingold Barracks on the Lower Rio 
 Grande, Texas, Capt. E. K. Smith. (Tamaulipas, Mex., Bertandier, no. 3101.) 
 -i— 4^ Pods glabrous, substipitate. 
 L. densiflora, Watson, 1. c. Finely pubescent aud the stems somewhat canescent, a foot 
 high or le.'^s : 'leaves entire or sparingly repand-denticulate, o])lauceolatc, attenuate to the 
 
Lesquerella. CKrCIFKIi.E. 117 
 
 base : petals broadly spatulate, 2 to 4 liues long : lilanieuts sliglitly dilatcii for a thinl of 
 their leugtli : pods ascending, 2 liues in diameter ; tlie very nli-ntier stylo iw long ; tellj* 6-8- 
 ovuled ; the fruiting raceme sliort and crowded. — Vesicaria dvnsijlora, firay, I'l. Liudh. 
 pt. 2, 145. — Central Texas. 
 
 § 2. Lesquerella proper. Caucsceiit with fine appressefl often compact 
 or lepidote-stellate pubescence : seeds immarginate : filaments filiform or linear- 
 subulate, — Wats. 1. c. 
 
 * Ovary and pod finely ])ubesceut, sessile or very nearly so ; cells 2-8-ovuled. 
 •»— Pods not globose: bieiniials or perennials with simple stems. 
 ++ Pods ovate to oblong-ovate, compressed ; the valves convex (especially towanl the baAo), 
 acute or acutish, erect on s])readiug or ascending pedicels: pubescence compact and 
 rarely if at all distinctly stellate : westeru species. 
 
 Li. OCCidentalis, Watson, 1. c. Caudex usually simple ; steins a foot high or less : lower 
 leaves oblanceolate, coarsely sinuate-dentate ; the cauline spatulate, entire : petals spatulate, 
 about .3 lines long : pods oval, acutish, 3 or 4 lines long; the slender .style 2 lines long; cell.n 
 4-ovuled. — Vcsic.aria occideida/is, Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. .\x. 353. — Oregon, Mitchell and 
 Multuomali Counties, Hoirtll, and N. California, near Yreka, Creevc. Taller specimens 
 from the White Bluffs of tlie Columbia, Washington {Branf/pi/ce), have broadly oljovatc 
 obtuse fruit and may be distinct. 
 
 Li. TTin gii, Watso.v. Stems shorter, procumbent or decumbent: leaves entire*; the radical 
 ovate on slender petioles ; the cauline spatulate : filaments filiform : pods on shorter pedicels, 
 oblong-obovate, acute, 2 or 3 lines long ; the cells 2-4-ovuled ; style a line long. — Wats. 1. c. 
 xxiii. 251. Vesicaria Kiiigii, Wats. 1. c. xx. 353.1 — j^ Nevada, Kaolin Hills, Stretch ; Eiwt 
 and West Humboldt Mountains, Watson ; California, La.s,scn's Peak, L*mmi>ti, Mrs. Austin- 
 
 L. alpina, Watson. Dwarf (1 to 3 inches high), usually ccspitose and muUici|)ital ; stems 
 slender : leaves entire, narrow, linear to linear-oblanceolate : petals 2 or 3 lines long, 8[»atu- 
 late, with the base somewhat broadly wing-dilated : pods on straight or more <>r le.ss curve<l 
 pedicels, compressed, oblong-ovate, acute, 2 lines long ; the slender style about as long ; cells 
 2-4-ovuled; septum sometimes perforate. — Wats. 1. c. xxiii. 251. V'csirnrui aljiimt, Nutt. 
 in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 102. V. Ludovicinna, Gray, Proc. Acad. Phllad. 1863, 58, not DC — 
 Cypress Hills, Canada, Macoun, to Colorado and Montana. Specimens from Greene River, 
 Wyoming (Parn/), have the pubescence more loosely stellate throughout. 
 
 Var. intermedia, Watson, 1. c. Stems stouter (1 to 6 inches high) : flowers larger; 
 the oblong se])als 2h to 4 line., long and the ])etals more narrowly spatulate : pods ovate 
 elliptical; the cells 4-ovulod and the styles usually nearly as long. — Vesicaria alpimi. 
 Gray, PI. Fendl. 9. — New Mexico, Fendhr, no. 38; S. Colorado, Pueblo County, Greene; 
 S. Utah, Parrij. 
 
 L. Arizonica, Watson. Dwarf, cespitose and multicii)ital, 1 to 3 inches high: loaves ax 
 in the prcct'ding but the lower usually .•shorter and more broadly ol)lanceolate : (lowers largf. 
 often bright yellow : sepals oidong-ovate, 2 lines long or less: petals with a broad wing 
 dilated undulate claw scarcely longer than the roumied Idade : pods broadly ovate ; cells 
 4-ovuled; the stylo usually about half as long. — Wats. 1. c. 251. 254. — Arizona. Jupiter 
 Mountains, near Prescott, Piilmer ; near Williams Station, T^muion ; Peach Springs, Ijemmm, 
 Jones ; Mokiak Pass, near St. George, Palmer. 
 
 ++ ++ Pods oldong or ovate-oblong, a* ute, not compressed or slightly so. erect on usually 
 divaricate curved pedicels: Rocky Mountain s])ecics. 
 
 L. montana, Watson, 1. c. 251. Pubescence often evidently stellate: caudex mn-ly 
 branched; the stems less than a foot long: leaves oblanceolate, or th« nwlical often .«id>- 
 ovatc on slender petioles, often with one or two obscure teeth : petals siwtulate. 3 or 4 lines 
 
 Add syn. Vesicaria montaM, Brew. & Wat-s. Bot. Calif, i. 43; K. Brnndcfu-c, Zoe, 
 
 Physaria montana, Greene, Fl. Francis. 
 And on Snow Mountain, ncc. (o K. Bnuidc 
 . c. to Coville, Contrib. II. S. Nat. Herb. iv. (52. 
 
 Gray. Physaria montana, Greene, Fl. Francis. 249. 
 
 a And on Snow Mountain, ncc. (o K. Biandc^'cc, 1. c; also on 'IVIoscoim- Ti-ak, I'ananunt Mu., 
 
118 CliUClFElt.E. Ltsquerella. 
 
 long : pods about 3 lines long, with a long slender style ; the cells 4-8-ovuled. — Yesicaria 
 montana, Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 58. — N. Colorado and S. Wyoming, near and uii 
 the mountains. 
 
 ++ 4+ ++ Pods elliptical, somewhat obcompressed, acute oi- acutisli, erect on spreading 
 pedicels : pubescence very dense and compactly lepidote : Arizona. 
 
 Li. ^^ardii, Watson. Caudex simple ; the short stems procumbent : radical leaves round- 
 ovate on slender petioles ; the cauline short, linear to obovate-subulate : petals 3 lines long, 
 ligular-spatulate : filaments linear-subulate : pods on short pedicels (2 or 3 lines long), 1| to 
 2i lines long ; the valves very convex ; cells 2-4-ovuled ; septum oblong ; style a line long 
 or more ; seeds somewliat turgid and irregular ; the long radicle more or less curved to one 
 side. — Proc. Am. Acad, xxiii. 252, 255. — Utah on the Aquarius Plateau, at 11,000 feet 
 alt., L. F. Ward. 
 
 L. cinerea, Watson, 11. cc. Resembling the last closely in habit, more whitely canescent, 
 and Uie cauliue leaves mostly linear-spatulate : flowers larger : sepals narrow, 3 lines long : 
 petals 4 lines long with a vexy broad undulate claw, somewhat contracted below the rounded 
 blade: pedicels longer: ovary obcompressed ; the cells 12-ovuled (mature pod unknown). — 
 Arizona, Palmer. Like tlie last abnormal in its obcompre.^scd pods and perhaps to be 
 transferred to Physaria. 
 
 •i— -1— Pods globose or nearly so and obtuse (acutish in L. Ludoviciana ) ; ceUs 2-6-ovuled. 
 ++ Annual or sometimes biennial : southern. 
 
 L. globosa, Watson. Pubescence dense, but evidently stellate: .stems slender, often 
 l)ram hod, a foot high or more : leaves entire or sparingly repand-denticulate ; the lower 
 obloiig-spatuhate ; the cauliue linear-oblanceolate : petals spatulate, 2 or 3 lines long : pods 
 on widely spreading pedicels, a line in diameter, shorter than tlie style ; cells 2-ovuled. — 
 Proc. Am. Acad, xxiii. 252. Vesicaria globosa, Desv. Jour. Bot. iii. 171 (1814). V. SltorfU, 
 Torr. in Short, PI. Ky. Suppl. iii. 336;' Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 102; Gray, Man. ed. 2, 38.— 
 Tennessee, Kentucky, and E. Missouri. 
 
 L. Berlandieri, Watson, 1. c. Pubescence often somewhat sparse : stems .slender, simple 
 or branched, a foot high or less : lower leaves lyrately pinnatifid ; cauline repandly toothed, 
 ovate- to oblong-lauceolate or oblanceolate, pgtiolate : petals spatulate, about 3 lines long : 
 pods globose or ellipsoidal, 1^ to 2i lines long, equalling the style; cells 4-6-ovuled. — Vesi- 
 raria Berlandieri, Gray in Wats. JBibl. Index, 75, without description. — Near Matamoras on 
 tlie Rio Grande and at San Fernando, Tamaulipas, Berlandier, uos. 819, 884. To be confi- 
 dently expected upon the Texan side of the river. 
 
 L. Palmeri, Watson. Pubescence dense and compact: apparently biennial, with a stout 
 caudex ; the simple stems a foot long or more: lower leaves narrowly oblanceolato, repand ; 
 the cauline linear-oblaueeolate, entire or sparingly toothed : petals spatulate. 3 lines long : 
 pods ovate-globo.se to broadly ellipsoidal, erect on spreading or ascending pedicels, 2^ to 
 3| lines long ; the style as long, cells 2-4-ovulcd. — Proc. Am. Acad, xxiii. 252, 255. — Arizona, 
 Palmer; specimens cult, at Washington, D. C. (Topo Canon, Lower Calif., Orcult.) 
 •H- ++ Biennial or sometimes perennial : northern. 
 
 L. Ludoviciana, Watson, 1. c. 252. Pubescence evidently stellate or compact below: 
 caudex very rarely multicipital and stems rarely branched, a foot high or less: leaves 
 mostly narrowly oblanceolate to Ihiear ; the radical frequently sparingly toothed : petals 
 spatulate, 3 or 4 lines long: pods more or less pendulous ujion recurved pedicels, 1| to 2i 
 lines long, usually somewhat longer than broad and acutish; the style about as long; 
 cells 4-6-ovuled. — Vesicaria Ludnviciana, DC. Sy.^t. ii. 297; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 101. 
 Mi/agrum arcjenteum, Pursh, Fl. ii. 434. Aii;ssvm Ludoririaniim, Nutt. Geu. ii. 63. — W. 
 Minnesota and Central Dakota to Nebraska and N. E. Colorado; N. Arizona, Palmer. 
 
 Var. arenosa, Watson, L c. Low (rarely 6 inches high) and very slender with 
 shorter narrow leaves. — Vesicaria arenosa, Ricl^rds. in Frankl. 1st Journ. ed. 1, App. 
 743 (reprint, p. 15). V. arctica, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2882. V. arctica, var., Hook. Fl. Bor.- 
 Am. i. 48. — Saskatchewan region, Richardson, Bourgeau, Macoun. 
 L. Douglasii, Watson. Distinguished from tlie last by the small obovate and very obtuse 
 pod. witli ihi' cells 2-nvuled, erectjipnn sprcMiliiiiT ncdicfls: lower loaves .sometimes ovate 
 
Lestjuerella. CKICI llllLK. Il'.l 
 
 upon a narrow petiole. — Wats. 1. c. "25:^, 2.">:). \',siatriii Lii'l>ninamt, H<M.k ' 
 Torr. IJot. Wilkes ICxped. 232. — Wa.shiii<;ti>n, on tlic Coluniliia Kivcr, eimt 
 Mountains, Wilkes, Lj/all, Suksfiurf; in tin? Wallowa Mountain.'*. K. < ini.' 
 collected by Domjlas, ))Ut locality not given. 
 # * Ovary and poil glaln-ous (or pubescent in L. (ionlun. 
 
 compressed. 
 4- Pods oblong or pyrifurui, substijiitate, on long a.scen(ling pedir<:b): ArkaiiHiin anuuiiln. 
 Li. repanda, Watson, 1. c. 252. Pubescence fiuely and for tlie most part sparingly scurfy- 
 stellate ; stems simple or branched, a foot high : lower leaves somewhat lyraU>ly j/innalitid ; 
 the upper linear-spatulate, entire : jjctals broadly spat u late, 3 lines long: young p<Mis oblong, 
 acutish, .somewhat narrowed to a very short stipe; the style about a.s long. — Vtsuana 
 repanda, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 101. — Banks of the Red River, ArkiUi.sajj. 
 
 L. Nuttallii, Watson, 1. c. Resembliug the la.st, but the radical leaves aud flowem 
 unknown: pods erect on long spreading pedicels, broadly pyriforin, soniewliat coiwtricleJ 
 above the abrupt bjuse, 2| lines long, upon a short stipe ; the slender 8t\ le one or two lines 
 long; cells 6-8-ovuled.— Vesicuria Nuttallii, Gray, PI. Lindh. pt. 2, 148. — Prairies of the 
 Red River, Arkansas, Leavenworth. Probably the fruiting form of the Lxst. 
 H— 4— Pods globose : southwestern (except L. arclicn). 
 ++ Pods pendent on recurved pedicels, sessile or scarcely stipitate ; cells 2-6-ovuled. 
 = Flowers white or rose-colored. 
 L. purpurea, Watson, 1. c. 2.53. Biennial or perennial with simple or branched caudex ; 
 the firm pubescence scattered or on the lower leaves more or less c<jmpact ; stems simple 
 or branched, often a foot high or more: leaves oblauceolate ; the lower <jftcn conrsoly 
 repandly toothed or pinnatifid : petals sjjatulate-obovate, 3 to 5 lines long : ])od*( rarely 
 ascending, not or scarcely at all stii)itate, 1^ to 3 lines broad ; the style a line long or K-ss ; 
 cells 2-6-ovuled.— Vcsiairia purpurea, Gray, PI. Wright, ii. 14. —From extreme W. Texa.-* 
 to Arizona. (N. Mex.) Specimens from Coahuila, Palmer, no. 29, have a longer style. 
 L. pallida, Watson, 1. c. Annual, finely aud rather sparingly scurfr-pulrtjscent, branching, 
 a foot high : leaves oblauceolate, repandly toothed : pod shortly stipitate, 2 lines broad ; the 
 style about a line long; cells 6-ovuled. — Vesicaria pallida, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 
 668. V. grand ijlora. var. pallida, Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 101. — Prairies near San Augustine. 
 E. Texas, Leavenworth. Much resembling large podi led forms of L. recttnala, but leaven 
 toothed, style somewhat shorter, aud flowers said to lie white. 
 ' = = Flowers yellow. 
 
 L. recurvata, Watson, 1. c. Annual, thinly pubescent; the sleuder stems often branched, 
 afi.othigh or less: leaves entire, oblong-oblanceolate or -spatulate, an inch long or Ie«»: 
 petals spatulate, H to 3 lines long: pods sessile, 1 or 2 lines broad ; the very slender slvle 
 about as long; cells 2-4-ovuled. — Vesicaria ncurvata, Kngelm. in Gray, PI. Lindh. j>t. 2, 
 147. V. angustifolia, Schecle, Linnica, xxi. r}84, in part. — ( 'entnil Texa.H. 
 
 •H- ++ Pods suberect upon a.scending or curved pedicels. 
 = Annual (rarely bieunialO, n>ostly branched: pods often stipitate: very closely allie<l 
 species. 
 L. Lindheimeri, Watson, 1. c. Pubescence very fine or dcn.-«ely compact and lepidotc : 
 stems a foot long: leaves oblong- or narrow-lanceolate, uu»rc or less repan<l : jn-tals i«|»at- 
 ulate-obovate, 3 lines long: i)od8 2 lines long, on a short stipe; the otvle rather shorter; 
 cells 6-8-ovuled.— Vesicaria Lindheimeri, Gray, 1 c. 145.— Texas. McMnllen. Ht-rlandier, 
 no. 17<J; Victoria, Lindheimer, no. 327; Dallas, lievervhon, distributed as no. 186*. 
 L. gracilis, Watson, 1. c. Pubescence very fine, usually scanty : stem sl.nd.-r and lax. 
 branching, a foot high or more: leaves narrowly oblancoolate, entin? or sparingly n«imnd: 
 petals spatulate-obovate, 3 lines long : pods stipitate, U or 2 lines broad ; the style nearly ..r 
 quite as long; ceUs 4-6-ovule.l. - IV.s/cnV, qraclli,. Hook. Bot. Mar. under t. 3464. S.VV» ; 
 Gray, 1. c. 148. V. polyantlui, Schlecht. Bot. Zcit. xi. 619. —Central Tex;is to Kai.sii.*. 
 Montgomery Co., Plank. 
 
120 CRUCIFEILE. Lcs,ju,rclla. 
 
 Var. sessilis, Watson, 1. c. I'ods sessile. — Vesicaria angustifolia, Gray, PI. Wright, 
 ii. 13, ill part. — Texas, Frio Co., Wriijht, no. 848. Liudiieiiiier's speiiiiieii from New 
 Brauiifels, no. 32G, in tiower, referred to V. am/ustifolia ( I'l. Lindli. ])t. U, 14;')), is jtrohaldy 
 the same. 
 L. Gordoni, W.vtsox, 1. c. Pubescence somewhat coarser: stems a foot iiigh or less: 
 leaves linear-olilanceidate, entire or rarely repand : petals spatulate, 3 lines long: pods 
 stipitate, 2 lines in diameter; the style somewhat shorter; cells 6-ovuled. — \'csicaria 
 Gonloiii, Gray, PI. Lindh. pt. 2, 149. — Extreme W. Texas to New Mexico and iVrizona. 
 Very near the last. 
 
 Var. sessilis, Watson, 1. c. I'ods sessile or nearly so, and often pubescent. — Vesi- 
 caria uiif/nsti/'oliii, (iray, PI. Wright, ii. 13, in part. — With the same range, and S. Utah,i 
 Funi/. Forms approach L. anjip-ea. 
 
 L. angUStifolid,, Watson, 1. c. Finely lepidote : stems simple or branched, a foot high: 
 leaves at liase lyrate-jjinuatifid ; the cauline narrowly linear and ])etiolate ; petals spat- 
 ulate, 2^ lines long: pods se.ssile or on slender ascending or spreading pedicels, 2 to 2i lines 
 broad; the style somewhat shorter; cells 2-ovuled. — Vesicaria angustifolia, 'Unit, in Torr. 
 & Gray, Fl. i. 101. — Prairies of Red Kiver, Arkansas, Leacenwortk, Nitttall. 
 = = Biennial or usually perennial (but often fruiting the first year) ; pods sessile or 
 nearly so on ascending or spreading pedicels; cells G-10-ovulcd. 
 
 a. Pubescence evidently stellate. 
 
 L. Engelmanni, Watson. Pubescence dense : caudex usually multici])ital ; stems usually 
 simple, often dwarf, sometimes tall and branched : lower leaves ovate and petiolate to linear- 
 oblanceolate, entire or sparingly repand ; the cauline linear-oblanceolate or -spatulate : petals 
 broadly sjjatulate, 3 to 6 lines long : jjods usually in a short raceme, substipitate, 3 lines 
 long; the style as long or longer; cells 6-8-ovuled. — Wats. 1. c. 254. Vesicaria Kvfjelmauni , 
 Gray, Gen. 111. i. 102, t. 70, & PI. Lindh. pt. 2, 144. V. pulchella, Kunth & Bouche, Ind. 
 Sem. Berol. 1845, 1.5, & Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, xi. 229. — Central Texas, Austin and New 
 Brauufels, Z(«(/Ae('mer, &c. ; Indian Territory, Gordon; W. Kansas, Ellis, Z. Watson; Col- 
 orado, bluffs of the Arkansas at Pueblo, Greene. 
 
 L. argyrea, Watson, 1. c. Pubescence more or less dense: caudex often simple and 
 apparently annual or biennial; the leafy stems decumbent or jjrocumbent, simple or 
 branched, often a foot long or more : leaves very variable, from ovate and petiolate to 
 usually more or less narrowly oblanceolate, entire or often rejiandly toothed : petals spat- 
 ulate, about 3 lines long, often turning purple : pods se.ssile in a long raceme, on straight 
 and ascending or spreading and curved jiedicels, 2 to 2i lines broad ; tlie style as long or 
 somewhat shorter; cells 6-10-ovuled. — Vesicaria argyrea, Gray, PI. Lindh. ])t. 2, 146. — 
 S. W. Texas, from the Colorado Kiver southward. (Northern Mex. to San Luis Potosi.) 
 b. Pubescence compactly lepidote, rarely evidently stellate. 
 
 L. arctica, Watson, 1. c. Caudex usually simple and stems unbranched, 6 inches higli or 
 less : leaves spatulate, 3 lines long : pods on ascending pedicels, 2\ to 3 lines long ; the 
 style a line long or le.ss ; cells 6-ovuled ; septum perforate. — Vesicaria arctica, liicliards. in 
 Frankl. 1st Journ. ed. 1, App. 743 (reprint, p. 15). Alyssum arcticum, Wormsk. Fl. Dan. 
 t. 1520. — West coast of Greenland and the arctic coast of N. America, east of the 
 Mackenzie Piver. 
 
 Var. Purshii, Watson, 1. c. Pod somewhat jmbesccnt ; septum entire. — Anticosti 
 Island, S/iejilierd, Macoiin ; "Canada," Pursli (in herb. Torrey). 
 
 L. Fendleri, Watson, 1. c. Usually evidently perennial, with a multicipital caudex, often 
 dwarf; tlie simjde stems rarely a foot high : leaves numerous, entire, mostly very narrowly 
 linear-oblanceolate, in the typical form somewhat wider : ])etals broadly spatulate, 3 to 5 
 lines long; pods in a dense and usually sliort raceme, 2 or 3 lines Ijroad, sometimes ellip- 
 soidal and acutish; the style as long or a little shorter; cells 10-1 6-ovuled. — Vesicaria 
 Fendleri, Gray, PI. Fendl.'g. V. stenophi/lla. Gray, PI. Lindh. pt. 2, 149, Vl. Wright, i. 10, 
 & ii. 13. — S. Colorado to W. Texas, Arizona 2 (N. Mex.) 
 
 1 Also in Vegas Wash, S. W. Nevada, ace. to Coville, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Hcrl). iv. 62. 
 
 2 Also in California at San Pedro Martir, ace. to T. S. Brandegee, Zou, iv. 202. 
 
Synthtipsis. CRrCIFKIMO. | •_' ] 
 
 8. PHYSARIA, Gray. (Xaino from (pvrrdinoi', a dimiiiutivo of «/!>ro-u. a 
 pair (tl hclluw.s, .suygcsti'cl by the didyinous fruit and siciid.r stylt;. Tin.* iiamo 
 first ai){)lied by Nuttull in Torr. & (Iray, l-'l. i. Kfi, as a sertioiial di-signatidu 
 in the genus Vesicaria.) — A small genus witli the wiiole aspect of Lrsifuvnlln, 
 but to be distinguished by its strongly didynious fruit with a narrow partitinn. 
 Perennials, many-gteninicd and spreading. — (Jiii. 111. i. KrJ; Wats. Prm-. Am. 
 Acad. xvii. 363; Prantl in Engl, ct l*ranll, Nat. I'llanzenf. iii. Ab. 2, IH?. — 
 Species with excellent characters in the fruit, l)ut otherwise very dillicult to 
 distinguish. [By B. L. RoHlNSON.] 
 
 * Fruit at maturity uiucli iuliated : upper sinus :uuto, usually narrnw. 
 
 P. didymocarpa, Gray, 1. c. Very canesceut ami Iciiulolo with close white stellate ])u)>et(- 
 ceuee: radical leaves petiolate, with roundish tootheil au>i;led or entire lihide or olilaneeolaie 
 and moro or less sinuately toothed helow : cauliue loaves mostly entire, spaiidate : racemes 
 dense; pedicels becoming 6 or 7 lines long, ascending or spreading : llowers variable a-s to 
 size: sepals lanceolate, surpassed by the rather narrow pale yellow petals: fruit strongly 
 didymous, rather deeply notched above, entire or more or less cordate at biuso, U-coming 
 6 or 8 lines in breadth ; lobes subglobose with no demarcation between the dorsal and 
 lateral surfaces; walls pa])cry. — Wats. Bot. King Exp. 2o, & I'roc. .\m. .\cad. xvii. ;}fi.'{. 
 Vesicaria didymocarpa, Hook. Fl. 13or.-Am. i. 49, t. 16; Torr. & Cr.ay, Fl. i. IOl'. — 'Ihe com- 
 monest species and rather variable; Colorado to N. Nevada an<l Oregon, northward to Hrit. 
 America, chiefly in mountainous regions. A noteworthy form fnjm Middle I'.irk, ('olura4lo, 
 Pamj, has a laxer inflorescence and fruit divided almost to the base. 
 
 P. Ne"wberryi, Gr.vy. Very similar in habit and foliage: flowers nnwtly larger: ]K'UtU 
 sometimes 8 lines in length, usually narrow: cells of the fruit provided wi;h two angles or 
 keels rather sharply separating the convex di)rsal portion from the tlattish lateral jMirtion.s; 
 walls firmer in texture tlian in the preceding, .and in drying tending to fold regularly along 
 the keels. — Hot. Ives Rep. 6, & Am. .Tour. Sci. ser. 2, xxxiii. 24.'5 ; Wats. I'roc. .\m. Acad, 
 xvii. 363. — Mountain valleys, New Mexico near Tegua, Xrirhcrri/, Ft. Wingate, Matthews ; 
 Arizona, on Cave Dwellers' Mountain, Lc.mmon ; S. Utah, Parrif ; Nevada, Pahrauagat 
 Mts., Miss Searle, and Mountain Sjjring, Baileij. 
 
 # # Fruit strongly conii)ressed laterally, only moderately or scarcely at all intlated : sinus 
 at the apex of tlie fruit shallow, rounded : species of Oregon and Washington. 
 
 P. Geyeri, CrKAY. Wliitish with very dense stellate tomentum : radical leaves with sliort 
 broadly ovate entire obtusely -pointed blades narrowed behjw to long ehaiuielled petioles; 
 cauliue leaves small, spatulate: racemes rather dense, an inch or two long: pedicels spread- 
 ing or curved-ascending, 3 lines long: fruit small for the genus, bro.adly ami sliallowly 
 obcordate, narrowed toward the base; cells but 2Mo 3.^ lines long at ilehi.scence ; re|ihim 
 ovate, much exceeded by the persistent style. — Gen. 111. i. 162; Torr. Rot. Wilkes F.ximmI. 
 232; Wats. 1. c. Vesicaria Gcf/eri, Hook. Loud. .Tour. Rot. vi. 70, t. .5. — Sandy soils mid 
 volcanic ash ; Upper Spokane Valley, ^c//er; on prairies between the S|>ok;uie lliver and 
 Ft. Colville, Wilkes, and on Spokane River, Henderson. 
 
 P. Oregona, Watsox, 1. c. Leaves larger, canesceut, not so white as in the preceding: 
 pedicels mostly curved-ascending, G lines or more in length : seji.ils ovate-Ianceohifo to lanci»- 
 oblong, 2i lines in length, consider.ably exceeded by. the pale yellowish petals, rapsnli' 
 becoming 6 to 8 lines broad, rounded or very ,shallowly cordate at ba.se ; ells somi-what 
 inflated but dorsally narrowed to a more f>r less distinct keel; style scarcely a line in 
 length. — Oregon, gulches near niontli of Pine Creek :ind upi«n gnivelly banks of Snake 
 River below Brownlce Ferry, Cusic/,- ; II. Ajnil. fr. .hnie. 
 
 9. SYNTHLiPSIS. Gray. (Sri^Aiii'i?, compression, in reference to tlic 
 flattened fruit.) — A small genus of sjjreading grayish-pubescent herbs of rhc 
 Southwest, nearly related on the one hand to Li/rtinir/iii :ind <>n the oiIht to 
 Lesquerella. Stems leafy: leaves sinuate-tootiied or pinnatilid. Hacemes lax. 
 
122 CRUCIFER.E Si/nUdipsis. 
 
 — PL Fendl. IIG, & Bot. Mex. Bound. 34; Baill. Hist. PI. iii. 2S2 ; Prantl, 
 1. c. [By B. L. Robinson.] 
 
 S. Greggii, <iRay, U. cc. Canescent-tomentose, rarely sinootliish : root single : stems sev- 
 enil, slender, elongated, spreading, simple or branched ; leaves ovate, few-toothed, slender- 
 petioled or subsessile by a narrowed base : racemes in fruit 6 inches or more in length ; 
 pedicels 3 to 4 lines long, widely spreading but commonly somewhat ascending: sepals 
 narrow, linear, spreading in anthesis: petals roseate or white, 4 lines long, with a broad 
 rounded blade : capsules suberect, broadly oblong, wing-appeudaged and obcordate at sum- 
 mit, rounded or subcordate at base, 5 lines long, two thirds as broad. — Wats. 1. c. 322 ; 
 Coulter, Coutrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. iv. 21. — Collected several times upon the Mexican side of 
 the Lower Rio Grande, Berlandier, and doubtless extending into Southwestern Texas. 
 {Ouahuila, Gregy, Palmer ; San Luis Potosi, Schaffner, Parry & Palmer, Primjle.) 
 
 S. Berlandieri, Gray. Spreading habit of the preceding, finely stellate-pubescent : leaves 
 more deeply sinuate-toothed or sh,allo^^ ly pinnatifid : pedicels longer and usually recurved, 
 6 to 8 lines in length : flowers yellowish or purplish, probabh' changing color with age : 
 fruit orbicular, 3 lines in diameter, neither wing-appendaged nor notched, commonly 
 deflexed. — Bot. Mex. Bound. 34; Walp. Ann. vii. 171. S. heUrochroma, Wats. 1. c. 321, ap- 
 pears insufficiently separated. — Similar situations as the last, S. W. Texas, Neallei/, Heller. 
 Passing into var. HfspiDA, Wa»«i. 1. c, with stem more or less hirsute with simple hairs, 
 which partiaDy replace the stellate tomeutum. — Laredo, Texas, Berlandier. (Mexico, 
 Palmer.) 
 
 10. LYROCARPA, Hook. & Harv. (Kvpa, a lyre, and Kapiro?, fruit.) — 
 Erect annual or perennial herbs with fine stellate pubescence. Leaves toothed 
 or runcinately pinnatifid : sepals long and narrow, linear-oblong : capsule broadly 
 obcordate or with rounded ear-like appendages on each side of the subtruncate 
 end. — Lond. Jour. Bot. iv. 76, t. 4; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 93. [By B. L- 
 Robinson.] 
 
 Lr. CoTolteri, Hook. & Hakv. 1. c. Distinctly perennial: stems several, 1^ to 2 feet high, 
 sparingly l)ranched : leaves lyrately pinnatifid, 1 to 2 inches long, ])etioled ; terminal 
 segment triangular or 5-lobed, acute, much exceeding the (sometimes obsolete) lower seg- 
 ments : flowers 8 to 10 lines broad, in a loose raceme, sweet-scented: pedicels spreading, 
 shorter than the slender calyx : blades of the petals linear or lance-linear, attenuate : capsule 
 oblong, 8 lines in length, conspicuously bi-auriculate above. — Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 
 44; Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. xxiv. 39; Braudegee, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, ii. 127. — 
 Ascribed to California from Dr. Thomas Coulter's original specimens so labelled, but with- 
 out exact locality, and perhaps from Lower California, where the sjjecies is not infrequent. 
 Also collected near the soutliern boundary of Arizona, Pringle. Flowers said to be sweet- 
 scented in the evening and of ochroleucous color. (Sonora, Lower Calif.) 
 L. PXlmeri, Watson (Proc. Am. Acad. xi. 123),. from Tantillas Mountains, but a few 
 
 miles south of the Californian boundary, may be expected iu the southern part of that State, 
 
 and can be readily recognized by its broadly obovate obcordate pods only 3 or 4 lines in length. 
 
 Still a third species, from Cape St. Lucas, with much broader bright purple petals, has been 
 
 recently added to the genus. 
 
 11. DITRi^REA, Harv. (At's, two or double, and ^vpeo?, sliield; the 
 name intended as a Greek equivalent of Biscutella, a Mediterranean genus of 
 similar aspect.) — A small genus of cinereous-tomentose'plants of the Southwest, 
 hal)itally and in fruit considerably resembling Biscutella, but differing markedly 
 in their sessile or subsessile stigmas and dense stellate pubescence, as well as in 
 widely different geographic position, — Harv. in _Hook. Lond. .Tour. Bot. iv. 77, 
 t. 5; Prantl in End. & Prantl, Nat. Ptianzenf. iii. Ab. 2, 187. Under Biscu- 
 
TIdaspi. CRUCIFEILE. 
 
 tella, Beiith. & Hook. Geu. i. 'Jl ; llivw. ct W:its. IJot. Calif, i. IS. rUv IJ. L. 
 
 ROKINSON.J 
 
 D. Californica, Hakv. 1. c. SpreailinK aiimial, usually liraii<hliiK from the baw«, 4 iuchen 
 to a foot in height: leaves tliickish, oviite or almost oriiicuhir, «'uarHely ami uiitiuM-lv few- 
 toothed or subeiitire ; the radieal narrowed lielow to Hlemler petioh-s ; lh«' cauline nearly 
 sessile, somewhat euneate at base : racemes very dense, often hramhed ; jK-dieels sc-artely a 
 line in length : stellate-tomentose sej)als erect in antliesis, acutisli, aUmt 3 lineH long, 
 much exceeded by tlie spreading white or purplish jietals : fruit notched iMJth al>ove and 
 below; lobes suborbicular, margined, tomentose at the edge, ^^ lines or more in diameter. — 
 Eugelm. iu Wisliz. Tour N. Mex. 96; Gray, 1*1. Wright, ii. U. liiscuhlla Califomim, 
 Brew. & Wats. 1. c. — Saudy soil, S. California, Tk. Coulter, Parry & Palmer; Whito 
 Water, San Bernardino Co., Calif., Parish, Jones ; Lincoln Co., Nev., Coville & Funslon. 
 (Lower Calif., Or.utt.) 
 
 Var. maritima, Davidson, in litt. Leaves thicker, distinctly fleshy, more densi'ly 
 canescent-tomentose : infloresceneo very dense ; pedicels " dark pur])lo." — liisculil/a ( 'uli- 
 Jhniicu, var. mtirUima, Davidson, Erythea, ii. 179. — Hand dunes of coast, Los Angeled Co., 
 Calif., Monica, Lijon; Eedoudo, Miss Merrill. * 
 
 D. "Wislizeni, Engelm. 1. c. 95. Erect, subsimple or occ^isioually Itranching from U-low 
 and somewhat spreading, 1 to 2 feet high, becoming rather stout : leaves crowded, lanceolate 
 or ovate-lanceolate to linear-oblong, narrowed to a slender and often distinctly petiolate 
 base; the upper sessile : racemes elongated, loose ; divaricate or a.scending pedicels 4 to 8 
 lines iu length : petals white : fruit notched below, but more frequently shorl-l)eaked above, 
 or if notched very shallowly so. — Gray, PI. Wright, i. 10, ii. 14, & I'l. Thnrb. 299 ; a* 
 Dilhi/raa, Gray, PI. Lindh. pt. 2, 1.50, & PI. Fendl. 116; Torr. in Marcy, Rep. 280, t. 2; 
 Torr. & Gray, Pacif. R. Rep. ii. 1.59. Iberis, n. sp., Torr. Auu. Lye. X. Y. ii. 166. Bincntella 
 Wislizeni, Brew. & Wat.s. Bot. Calif, i. 48; Coulter, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. ii. 21. — Com- 
 mon ou sandy hills, Arkansas and Texas to Arizona and S. Utah; tl. Ajtril to Augu.^t. 
 (Mex., Prinijlc.) 
 
 12. THLiASPI, L. (0Xav, to crush, iu reference to the pods and seeds, 
 which are strongly flattened as if crushed.) — A genus of moderate size, cliiefl y 
 of S. Europe and Central Asia ; glabrous annuals or perennials with undividt'd 
 sessile and often amplexicaul leaves. Flowers white or purplish. — (ieu. no. 
 530; DC. Prodr. i. 17.5 ; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. ii. t. a ; Pruntl, I.e. 1 GO. 
 [By B. L. Robinson.] 
 
 * Capsiiles large, orbicular or nearly so, broadly winged, very strongly obcompressed ; sidca 
 nerved but not keeled ; apex deeply notched : introduced annual. 
 
 T. ARVExsE, L. (Penny Cress.) A span to a foot high, decnml)ent or erect, simple "r 
 considerably branched above : leaves obtusely and rather remotely toothe<l or angled ; the 
 lower spatulate; the upper oblong, obtuse: Howers small : sejjals greenish, a line in length, 
 exceeded ■l)y the spatulate white petals. — Spec, ii, 646; Eng. Bot. t. 16.59; Pursh, Fl ii. 
 435; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 58. — Streets of cities, about dwellings, etc., generally dis- 
 tributed and locally common in the northern and eastern parts of the United Stsites an<l 
 Canada, most copious, however, in Manitoba and adjacent Minnesota, where it bears the 
 name of "French Weed." (Xat. from Eu.) 
 
 * * Capsules obovate or oblanceolate, not broa4]ly winged, nor so strongly obcompres.-^Hl, 
 sides more or less distinctly keeled; aj)ex until dehiscence entire or very shallowly 
 notched : indigenous species of the West and Southwest. 
 
 T. alpestre, L. Perennial, quite simple or more commonly branched from the l>a.«e, 2 to 8 
 inches, rarely a foot or more high : rootstock slender, elongated : leaves small, sulicntinj or 
 finely toothed; the radieal oliovate or oval, roimded at the api-x, n.irn.we*! to Hlomier 
 petioles: th6 cauline ov!ite or oblong, 3 to 8 lines b' ' ' ''<" 
 
 ba.ses : racemes simple, termiiuil, rather dense ; pedii< , -': 
 
 sei,;iU i,nrnll-,h I IniMiMi-LMU.',! : prtals white or J>ab ; "le 
 
124 CRUCIFERJ^. Thlaspl 
 
 obovate, obtuse, truncate, or shallowly retuse at tlie apex, cuueate at the base, becomiug 4 
 lines long and 2^ lines broad, tipped with a slender persistent style. — Spec. ed. 2, ii. 903 ; 
 DC. Syst. ii. 380 ; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 58 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 114. T. montunum. Hook. 
 1. c. ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 113; not L. T. cochleurifonne, DC. «yst. ii. 381 ; Torr. & Gray, 
 1. c. T. Fendlen, Gray, PI. Wright, ii. 14; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 34. — Conimcin 
 tliroughuut the West, especially in hilly and mountainous regions, Montana to New Mexico 
 and westward to the Pacific. (Mex., Pringle.) Somewhat variable but neither divisible 
 into good species nor satisfactorily separable from tlie Old World form of the species. 
 T. Calif ornicum, Watson. Similar in stature and habit to the preceding : radical leaves 
 oblauceolate, toothed : racemes more elongated, less densely flowered : petals white : fruit- 
 ing pedicels ascending : capsules oblauceolate, acute or acutish at the apex, 5 lines long, 
 2 liues broad : sides strongly carinate ; slender style persistent. — Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 
 365. — Kneeland Prairie, Humboldt Co., Calif., 2,500 feet alt.. Rattan. 
 
 13. LEPIDIUM, Tourn. Peppergrass. (AcTrtStov, a little scale, in refer- 
 ence to the small flat pods from the scale-like appearance of wliich, it is said, 
 some species have been used, according to the doctrine of signatures, as a folk- 
 remedy for cutaneous diseases.) — A genus of considerable size, widely dis- 
 tributed in temperate and warmer regions of the world, seldom if ever truly 
 alpine or arctic. Flowers small, often considerably reduced by abortion. Plants 
 of little or no beauty, possessing, however, a characteristic habit from their 
 copious erect or ascending regular and usually rather dense ebracteate fruiting 
 racemes, with equal slender generally divaricate pedicels. Foliage, pubescence, 
 and duration very variable. Most species are slender annuals or subsucculent 
 biennials, several being used as salad plants ; a few are perennials or even suf- 
 fruticose. The fruit, sometimes collected as food for birds, has given the com- 
 moner species the name " Canary -grass " in some regions. — Inst. 215, t. JOS; 
 L. Gen. no. 527; DC. Syst. ii. 527, & Prodr, i. 203: Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ, 
 ii. t. y, 10; Gray, Gen. III. i. 167, t. 73. [By B. L. Robinson.] 
 
 § 1. Style slender, sometimes rather short but distinctly developed and 
 persistent. 
 
 * Capsule ovate, cordate, more or less pointed at the apex, neither winged nor retuse ; 
 valves strongly convex. — Cardaria, Desv. Journ. Bot. iii. 163 (1814). Lepiditun § Car- 
 daria, DC. Syst. ii. 528. — A coarse introduced perennial. 
 
 Li. Draba, L. Pubescent or somewhat tomentulose: stems decumbent, 10 to 15 inches 
 high, corymbosely brancliod : leaves large, elliptic-obovate or elliptic-lanceolate, 2 to 3 
 inches long, obtuse, denticulate and narrowed below to an auriculate base: flowers white: 
 pods broader tliau long, shallowly cordate with rounded more or less inflated lobes ; valves 
 1 -nerved but furrowed not keeled in the middle. — Spec. ii. 645; Gray, Man. ed. 5, 74; 
 Greene, Fl. Francis. 275 ; Eastwood, Zoe, ii. 228. — Sparingly adventive in waste places 
 and cultivated grounds in the Eastern and Middle States ; Grand Junction, Colorado, ace. to 
 Miss Eastwood ; Yreka and Berkeley, Calif., Greene. (Nat. from Eu.) 
 
 * * Capsule ovate, rounded at the base, more or less pointed at tlie ajiex, neither winged 
 nor retuse; valves not convex but somew^iat keeled : native species of the West. 
 
 L. Jaredi, Brandegee. A slender glaucous pubescent annual, 4 to 8 inches high, with 
 narrow lanceolate entire or somewhat toothed leaves and branched rather loose inflores- 
 cence; pedicels filiform, 5 lines in length: flowers yellow, a little over a line in lengtli : 
 capsule glabrous, not retu.»*e until by. incipient dehiscence. — Zoe, iv. 398. — California, near 
 Goodwin, San Luis Obispo County, Jared ; near Hiverdale, Fresno County, A. Eaton. 
 
 Li. nanum, Watsox. A compact cespitose perennial: leaves A^ery small, .spatulate, 3-lobe<I 
 at tlie apex, ciliate, densely clustered upon a multicipital caudex : stems a third to half 
 inch high, l-5-flowered : capsule glabrous, about a line in lengtli. — Bot. King Exp. 30, t. 4, 
 
Lepidium. CRUCIFER.E. 1 'J '■. 
 
 I. 5-7. — N. Nevada, Holmes Creek V' alloy, fi.OOO feet alt., WaUon,SLTn\ near Ilallmk Suuioii. 
 Wheeler ; Ir. Scptenil)er. A species very distiiiet in its matted liahit ; the flowers still iinkuoHii. 
 
 * # Capsule orbicular, broadly elliptic <>r rarely «ivatc, abrupt or relusf at the aj»ex. 
 •*- Capsule wiugless or iucoiispieuously wiuged at tins apex, not e.xieediiif; 2 linen in breadth. 
 ++ Flowci-s bright yellow: style vi-ry slender and relatively long (half the length of 
 capsule). 
 
 L. flavum, Tork. A glabrous prostrate annual, branched from the biise : leaves Innceulutc 
 or oblong-lanceolate in outline, .slightly fle.sliy ; the radical rosulate, regularly jiinnatitid 
 with short rounded loi>es and narrow acute sinu.ses; the canline less toothed : racenx* short 
 and dense, sulicapitate, somewhat curymbosoly arranged in robust individuals: uajinulo 
 glabrous, finely reticulated, bifid at the apex ; teeth acute; sinus open. — I'acif. 1{. Hep. iv. 
 67; Wats. Bot. King Exp. .50; Coville, Contrii). U. S. Nat. Herb. iv. 65. —California, 
 Mohave Creek, Fri'iiwnt, Uiyelow ; Mtdiavc Desert, Parn/, Mrs. Hush; Ash MeadowH, 
 Vegas A''allcy, aud Shepherd Canon, Coville & Fuustoii ; N. Neva<la, lluml>oldt N'alley, 
 Wutson, Humboldt Wells, Creene ; fl. March, April; fr. May. (Lower Ciilif., Onntt.) 
 ++ ++ Flowers white or nearly so. 
 
 L. alyssoides, Okay. Smooth: stems 1-sevcral, erect, leafy, corymbosely branehed 
 above: uj.per leaves entire, narrow, long-linear, acute, ascemliug; the lower similar or 
 piuuately divided into a few usually rather narrow acutish entire or cleft segments! : jK-dicels 
 about 3 lines long: sepals short, oval, usually caducous, much exceeded by the more jK-r. 
 sistent long and slender-clawed petals: capsule rhombic-ovate. — PI. Fendl. 10, I'l. Wright, 
 i. 10, & ii. 15; Wats. Bot. King Exp. 29. L. monlanum, var. ali/ssoidis, Jones, Zoo, iv. 2ti6. 
 — riains aud mountain valleys, W. Texas to Arizona, northward to Colorado, Porter, and 
 Trinity Mountains, Nevada, Watson. 
 
 L. montanum, Nutt. Probably biennial, low ami branched from near the l«kHe or less 
 frc(iueutly with a single erect stem branching above, minutely j)ulvernlcnt to rather densely 
 hirsute: leaves even the upper ones more or less dccj)ly toothed or piunatifid (very rarely 
 entire) ; segments ovate to oblong-elliptic or very rarely linear: sepals not falling Injfore the 
 petals : capsule ovate-elliptic to suborbicular. — Nutt. in Torr. &, Gray, Fl. i. i 16, 669 ; Gray, 
 I'l. Wright, ii. 15; Torr. Pacif. K. Rep. vii. 8; Wats. Bot. King Exp. 29. L. cori/mlxtsiiin, 
 Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 323. L. Utahviense, Kegel, Act. Ilort. Petroj). i. 02. — In .similar 
 places as the last, with which it may occasionally intergrade ; the majority of forms, of the 
 two, however, are too distinct to be united. The southern range is similar to that of the 
 last, but westward and northward the present species extends to California and X. Idah«», 
 SjiuldnKj. 
 
 L. SCOpulorum, Jones, in herb. I*erennial, becoming suffruticose at the biise, irregularly 
 branched, quite glabrous : leaves subcoriaceous ; the lower ones obovate or oblanceolate in 
 outline, toothed or rather deeply parted into broad obtuse segments and narrowed at the 
 base into more or less elongated petioles; the upper leaves narrower, .se.ssile, commonly 
 with a few spreading teeth near the apex : racemes usually numerous, rather dense ; pe<lioels 
 2i to 3 lines long: petals white, conspicuous, much exceeding the sepals; blade sulMirliic- 
 ular; claw slender: stamens G : capsule broadly ovate, smnewhat narrowed to the slightly 
 retuse apex, glabrous, \\ lines long; sides with low keels. — /., vioutanum, vnr. al/iinum, 
 Wats. Bot. King Exp. 29. L. inteijr! folium, var. he.trrophiillnm, Wats. Am. Nat. ix. 268. 
 L. heterophiiUum, Jones, Zoe, iii. 284, not Benth. — Rocky cliffs of mountains, at m<Klerate 
 altitudes, Utah, Wasatch Mountains, Watson, Jones, and near Cedar City, Parry. Certainly 
 a distinct species. 
 
 Var. spatulatum, RomssoN, n. var. More decidedly fruticn.se: leaves spatulate. 
 quite entire except at the subti;uncate ami obscurely 3-toothed .ajwx : style very short. — 
 L. sprit td«f urn, Vasey, in herb. — Headwaters of the Bear Uiver, Colonulo, KoMf, BO. 51, 
 September, 1868. 
 
 L. integrif Olium, Nitt. Herbaceous, glabrous or pul>erulent, probably liienninl. branched 
 from the base, 7 to 15 inches high : root single, stout, conunonly more than half inch in 
 diameter: leaves oblong, oblanceolate. or spatulate, acute or apicniate. thicki'i- i •■■ ^ 
 inches long, 2^ to 3i lines broad, entire: racemes singh', terminal or mor- 
 several, 1 to 2 inches'long: pedicels .sprea<ling, 3 to 4 linos long : |K-lal» ob... 
 
126 CRUCIFEKiE. Lepidiaiu. 
 
 about twice the length of the sepals, indistinctly and broadly clawed, deciduous with the 
 sepals: stamens 2: capsules ovate-oblong, 1^ lines long, barely retuse, inconspicuously 
 reticulated when quite ripe. — Nutt. in lorr. & Gray, Fl. i. 116; Hook. Lond. Jour. Eot. vi. 
 71. L. Utahense, Jouos, Bull. Torr. Clul), viii. 70, & Zoe, iv. 2GC, is exactly the same. — 
 Kocky Mountains of Wyoming, Li'ttennan, westward to Utah, Ward, Jones ,- S. E. Wash- 
 ington, Xuttali, and the Muddy River on the Upper Missouri, Gei/er, ace. to Hooker. A 
 verv characteristic species, distinguished by its thick root, relatively broad-clawed petals, 
 and reduced stamens. 
 
 ^_ 4_ Capsule ovate or ovate-oMoug, distinctly winged at the retuse or bifid ajjox, seldom 
 exceeding 2 lines in breadtii : annuals, introduced from the Old World. 
 
 L. SATIVUM, L. (Garden Crkss.) Krect, ghil)rous : brandies ascending: leaves cleft nearly 
 to the rhachis; segments few, oblanceolate or linear, entire or obtusely toothed or lobed 
 toward the apex : racemes elongated ; pedicels erect or nearly so, shorter than the cajjsules ; 
 style included in tiie narrow sinus between tlie tliin erect obtuse lobes of the pod. — Spec. 
 ii.644; Porter in Hayden, Rep. 1870, 473, & Fl. Col. 10; Coulter in Ilayden, Rep. 1872, 
 7(31. — Sparingly iuti'oduced about dwellings in Brit. America from Gaspe to Vancouver, 
 Macoun ; and iu the Northern States aci'oss the continent, but infrequent. (Introd. from Eu.) 
 
 L. CAMFESTiiE, R. Br. (Cow Cress.) Erect, pubescent : stem simple and very leafy up to 
 the inflorescence: leaves oblong, obtuse, denticulate, erect; the lower ones narrowed to 
 slender petioles ; the upper sessile by a sagittate-clasping base : pedicels horizontally spread- 
 ing, a little shorter than the thickish papillose capsule : petals white : anthers yellow : style 
 slightly cxserted from the narrow notch. — R. Br. in Ait. f. Kew. ed. 2, iv. 88; Beck, Bot. 
 27; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 115; Lockwood, Bot. Gaz. v. 14; Wats. & Coulter in Gray, Man. 
 ed. 6, 73. — Becomiug locally common in cultivated ground, Cape Breton and S. Canada, 
 Macoun, to Virginia, not infrequent in the interior; also near Waldo, Oregon, liattan ; fl. 
 Mav, June. (Nat. from Eu.) The subspecies L SMfrinx, Hook., witli smoother pod and 
 purple anthers, has been collected at Milton, Mass., Dr. Kennedy, but the differences do 
 not appear significant. Yellow-anthered individuals with smoothish pods are not infrequent. 
 Nor does the length of the style furnish a satisfactory distinction. 
 
 .^ ^_ ^_ Capsule suV)orbicular or somewhat obcordate, flat and broad, 2i to 4 lines in 
 diameter. 
 
 L. Fremontii, Watson. Suffrutescent, glabrous and glaucous, much branched, 10 to 20 
 inches high : leaves narrow, linear, acute, 1| to 3 inches long, entire or witli 1 to 2 pairs of 
 narrow linear spreading acute teeth : racemes very numerous : flowers on slender spreading 
 often flexuons pedicels : petals U lines long : pods thin, light colored, usually but not always 
 more or less pointed at the base, shallowly obcordate with broad rounded lobes. — Bot. 
 King Exp. 30, t. 4, f. 3, 4; Covillc, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. iv. 65.— Arid places, Col- 
 ora(io, Rofhrnd: & ']Vo'/,to Nevada, Arizona, and S. California; especially abundant in 
 the Mohave Desert ;.fl. May, June. A species well marked by its large pods. 
 
 § 2, Stigma sessile or subsessile ; .capsule emarginate or retuse at the apex. 
 
 * Capsule merely emarginate. 
 •H- Cotyledons accumbent (parallel with the surfaces of the capsule and seed), relatively 
 broad. 
 L. Virginicum, L. (Peppergrass.) Puberulent, erect, 8 inches to 2 feet high lower 
 leaves pinnate or deeply pinnatifid, seldom persisting until fruit ; segments incisely serrate ; 
 the terminal one much'tlic largest; upper leaves linear or lanceolate, erect, incisely toothed 
 or entire; teeth unequal and upwardly pointed: racemes 1 -several, many-flowered ; pedicels 
 slender, widely spreading, 1^ to 2 lines long: petals spatulate, wliite, exceeding the oblong 
 obtusish sepals : stamens 2 (to 4) : capsule orbicular, smooth, often purple-tinged at maturity, 
 narrowly margined above, 1^ lines in diameter ; seeds light brov.ii, narrowly wing-margined, 
 very flat ; the faces traversed by a curved and eccentric groove marking the division 
 between the radicle and flat cotvledons. — Spec. ii. 645 ; Michx. Fl. ii. 27 ; Pursh, Fl. ii. 
 435; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 168, t. 73 ; Ell. Sk. ii. 140; Torr.Fl. N. Y. i. 65; Darl. Fl. Cest. 381 ; 
 Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 115; Leggett, Bull. Torr. Club, i. 5. L. Iberia, Schk. Handb. ii. 222, 
 t. 180. L. tr'iandrum, Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. iii. 426. L. majiis, Darrarf, , Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 
 
Lepidium. ( ' K UC I V K U.K. ] ij 7 
 
 XV. p. xiii. [Hist, et Descr. Bayojine, oil. 2, 454]. C/i/f>rola Cnroliniana. Walt. Car. 173. 
 
 Vynocardamum Mrginirmn, Welti) & Berth. Hi.st. Nal. Cjiiiiir. i. 'J7. TliluHjti VirtjiUKii, m,, 
 Poir. Diet. vii. 544. Dilepllcum dijj'nsum &. Ij. jiiacx, Haf. I-'l. Ludov. m.'i, 81;. — A ■■ 
 wceil in dry soil of roadsiik-s and iiiltivattil ground. Nt-w Knj^laiid to Hnrida, wi-.-' 
 
 Kansas and Texas. (W. Ind., also introduced into Kuroju-.) Tjie jHutilion of ll»«. - 
 
 dons is execptioual iu the genus, and forms l»y far tiie he«t distiiu-lion Imtwoco Uiia aud the 
 two following species, which iu many respects closely similate it. 
 
 -t— -t— Cotyletlons ' incuniheut (parallel to the di.ssi'pimeni of the eapHule) ; mature fruit 
 
 seldom exceeding 1^ lines in lon;,'th. 
 ++ Erect annuals with stem simple below: the first sjx-iies more or less pulxMccnt, the 
 
 others nearly or cpiite glabrous, if granular very minutely so. 
 
 = Petals presoiit, white, eiiualliug or e.\ceding the sipals: w«'8t<-rn. 
 Li. Menziesii, DC. Root long, slender, perpendicular, simjile <ir at length brunched, Home- 
 times biennial or pcreuuial {'.): stem 2 inches to a foot high, jtulx-rulent, simple l>cl<jw, 
 erect, branched above: basal leaves ))innat<^ly parted, petiujate, pnlicsci-nt ^<r somiwli.tt 
 hirsute; segments lanceolate, acutish, subentiru or rather deejily tuothcd ; cuuline lea%<s 
 merely toothed, the u])per linear, entire: racemes 1 to several, not contracttd near tin- sum- 
 mit; pedicels slender, early spreading or divaricate, longer than the capsules: Btametid 
 varying from 2 to 4 : capsules orbicular, retuse, glabrous, about a line and a hjilf in di:inK-t<T : 
 seeds narrowly margined upon one edge. — Syst. ii. 5.39; 'i'orr. & (iray. ¥\. i. 115, in part ; 
 'I'orr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 233; Macoun, Cat. Canad. PI. 57; not Hook., nor Brew. & ^\■afs , 
 nor of authors as to apetalous Californian ])lant. ? L. Citliforn'cum, Niitt. in Torr. Ji^ ' . 
 I.e. L. inlermeclium,& L. Viif;inicnin, Brew. & W.ats. Bot. Calif, i. 46, not 47. /..orr.., 
 . Howell, Erythea, iii. ."32, has no distinguishing character. — Cliffs aud rocky banks, < 'r, ^ :., 
 Ilnirdl, to Vancouver, ^[acoun, first coll. by Menzies. Of the identity of the type, there aiu 
 be no doubt, from De CandoUe's accurate description, as well as from a tracing of and notes 
 upou the original iu herb. Brit. Mua. Plants appear, however, to have been early cultivated 
 at Geneva as L. Menziesii, which, being quite distinct, have led to a general confusion. 
 
 Li, medium, Greene. Very similar to the preceding in flowers and fruit: root -' 
 more often branched, probably only of annual duration: stcna usually taller, boc 
 feet high : leaves lanceolate, dentate, but scarcely ever pinnatifid, nearly i«r (piitc ;rl 
 the raineal linear, entire. — Erythea, iii. 32. L. iniermcdiuin, Gray, PI. Wright, ii. l.'j ; \V;ii,-.. 
 Bot. King Exp. 25, in part; not A. Rich , nor Gray, Man. ed. 2-6, nor of authors as lo plant of 
 Easteru States. L. lasioctirpum, xht. tennipcs, Wats. Proc. Am. Acail. xvii. 322, in great part 
 (a form Avith slightly flattened ])edicels connecting this with /.. litsiiH--n[niw). — Te.xjm 
 and New Mexico to S. California and uorthward to Puget Sound and N. Idaho. (.Me\.) 
 Perhaps iutergrading with the preceding, but of very different and much more extended 
 range. 
 
 Var. pubescens, Robinson, n. var. Somewhat stouter, velvetypube.'^i^ent : leave* 
 thiikisli: petals in type of the variety and specimens seen always present as in typicul 
 form: capsule a little larger, glabrous. — L. interme ilium, var. imlip.icens, Greene, Bot. Gay,. 
 v. 157. — Arizona, Palmer, 1876, and New Mexico, at Mangos Springs, Greene, 1880. 
 
 L. apetfctlum, Willd. Habit of L. Virf/iniciini but more slender, odurle.ss : leavr; -r.rn--vVn» 
 narrower and paler duller green; the basal more or less incisely ti>othe<l or i 
 ments usually acutish: flowers apetalous (nn'nute petals j)resent in some foi 
 
 diandrous, closely aggregated, the pedicels remaining nearly erect during . : . 
 
 making the racemes appear contracted just below the summit : fruiting }>edicrl.< approxi- 
 mate, regularly and widely spreading, scarcely longer than the glabrous i>rbi<-iihr p-fii-« 
 silicel.s. — Spec. iii. 439 (poorly de^scribcd from a fragmentary Silwrian - 
 type .still extant and identified by Prof. Ascherson, Verb. Bot. Brandnibi; 
 L. iiicisum, DC. Syst. ii. 541, and various authors, but j)robably not of Kotb ; - 
 1. c. 109. L. minnntkum, var. (ipitnliim, Ledeb. Fl. Boss. i. 205 ; Grutter, l)i-ui« li. li..i. 
 Monatsschr. viii. 80; Winkler, Verb. Bot. Brandenburg, 1891. 106. /.. rudrtnle, Hiwk. Fl. 
 Bor.-Am. i. 68; Torr. & (iray, Fl. i. 115; Torr. in Frc'm. Rep. 87; Gr.»> 1" '" " ' 
 Hook. f. Arct. PI. 280, 32(»; not L. L. iiiUriiudiiiiii, Gray, Man. ed. 2-rt ; N\ 
 Exp. 20, in p.irt, and aiillinr.s. :is to eastern plant. L. /</.-iiV««ir/.iim, var 
 
128 CRUCIFER.E. Lcpidhim. 
 
 Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 322, in small part. L. V'nginlcum, Macouii, Cat. Cauad. PI. 57, as to 
 eastern plant; MacMillan, Metasp. Min. Val. 257.— Common and widely distributed, 
 extending from New England acro.ss the continent and soutli to Texas, where, as in the 
 northwest, probably indigenous ; in the Ea,stern States a wayside weed appearing as though 
 introduced. (N. & Centr. Asia, adv. in Eu.) 
 L. rudekAle, L. Kearly or quite glabrous, 8 to 12 inches high, exhaling a strong disagree- 
 able odor (like that of Senebiera didj/ma) : lowest leaves bipinnatifid, seldom persisting; 
 the upper narrow, linear, entire or few-toothed : racemes more slender and loosely flowered 
 than in the preceding: flowers small, apetalous, diandrous: capsule smooth, marginless, 
 broadly ovate rather than orbicular, commonly less than a line in diameter: pedicels slender, 
 U lines long, more scattered and less regularly spreading than in the jircccdiug. — Spec. ii. 
 f)45 ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 168, t. 73, f. 8-10 ; Wats. & Coulter in Gray, Man. ed. 6, 73. — Waste 
 })laccs and roadsides, Nova Scotia, Macoun, to Texas, Reverchon, becoming freiiuent about 
 the larger cities of the Atlantic seaboard; fl. a little earlier than the two ])recediiig, May to 
 July. (Xat. from Eu.) Leafy and pauiculately branched specimens not differing from 
 this species in their essential characters have been collected in the Winnii>eg Valley, at 
 I'\)rt Ellis, and in the Saskatchewan region, Bouiyeaii, and at Maple (Jreck, Macoun. 
 ++ ++ Lower and more spreading, pubescent or hirsute. 
 L. lasiocarpum, Nutt. Branching from or near the base, decumbent (rarely if ever with 
 a single erect stem), hirsute with spreading hairs or tomentulose : lower leaves pinnately 
 parted; segments usually rather broad, obtuse or rounded, sparingly toothed or entire: 
 racemes several ; pedicels distinctly flattened, horizontally spreading, U lines long : sepals 
 broadly oblong, usually purple, with thin white margins : petals minute or none : capsule 
 sul)orbicular, thin-margined near the apex, hispid-pubescent upon both faces or at least upon 
 the edge (very rarely quite smooth). — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 115 ; Wats. Proc. Am. 
 Acad. xi. 113, & xvii. 322; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 46. L. Wrightii, Gray, PI. Wright, 
 ii. 15. L. ruderale, var. lasiocarpum, Engclm. in Gray, 1. c. — S. W. Colorado, Brandajee, 
 and Texas to S. California. (Adj. Mex.) Also introduced upon railway ballast in Oregon, 
 Henderson. A species of definite geographic distribution, distinguished from the following 
 by its almost invariably hispid pods and less deeply divided leaves. 
 L. niPixxAxfFiDUM, Desv. Low, branching from or near the base: leaves all pinnatifid, the 
 lowest bipinnatifid; segments roundish to oblong or linear: flowers apetalous: fruiting 
 pedicels divaricate, seldom exceeding the orbicular glabrous silicels. — Journ. Bot. iii. 165 
 (1814) ; K. Brandegee, Zoe, iii. 49, & iv. 300. L. Menziesii, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 68, as to 
 descr. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 115, in part ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 46. arid authors as to 
 pi. Calif., not DC. — A common weed by beaten paths, &c., Centr. and S. California, eastward 
 to Arkansas, Prinr/le, Letterman. (Probably introduced from Mex. and S. Amer.) 
 ++ ++ 4H. Stem conspicuously granular : southwestern annual or biennial. 
 L. sordidum, Gray. Spreading from the base or forming an erect flexuous much 
 l)ranched stem, a foot in height : leaves all deeply pinnatifid, 6 to 9 lines long ; segments 
 more or less cleft : racemes many, 8 to 16 lines in length : flowers very numerous, minute, 
 apetalous or nearly so : stamens 4 : capsules orbicular, smooth, wingless, three fourths line 
 in diameter, on slender ascending pedicels of about the same length. — PI. Wright, i. 10, 
 & ii. 15; Coulter, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. ii. 21. — Mountain valleys and rocky hills, 
 W. Texas, Wright, Girard, Havard ; fl. in summer. (Chihuahua, Pnnf//e.) 
 -1- ^- ^- Cotyledons incumbent : fruit larger, 2 to 2^ lines long at maturity ; the thin 
 margin slightly involute toward the upper or dorsal surface : Pacific species. 
 L. nltidum, Nnxx. Erect or branched from the base and spreading, 4 inches to a foot or 
 more in height : pubescent or nearly smooth': lower leaves deejdy pinnatifid with narrow 
 rhachis and attenuate segments ; the upper leaves often entire : racemes one to several, rather 
 loosely flowered: petals white, considerably exceeding the sepals: capsule smooth and 
 shining, convex below and nearly flat or even concave above, H to 2 lines broad, often 
 purple: pedicels strongly flattened. — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 116; Benth. PI. Hartw. 
 298 ; Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. iv. 66, vii. 8, & Bot. Mex. Bound. 34 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, 
 i. 46. L.leioairpiim, Hook. & Am. Bot. Beech. 324, not DC. — Wa.shington, Rockland, 
 S>iksdo7-f, Klikitat, Iloivell, to San Diego, California, Thur-ber, Orc.utt ; common on dry 
 hillsides; fl. through spring. 
 
Senehiem. CIUJCIKKlt.i;. 129 
 
 Var. insigne, (iKKiCNic. "Stoulish and mostly simple, 4-8 iruli<'« liigli ; the montly 
 solitary fruiting riueine shorter anil ik-nser: ]mi(1s twico a.s larRo [ju« I J liiiet* in diiuni'tiTJ, 
 round-obovoid." — Fl. Francis. 274, ^ M.iu. Hay-Ucf; 24. —Ml. Dialdo Uaiigc, Ccutral Calif ., 
 aec. to Greene. 
 * * Apex of the capsule produced iuto two distinct teeth <jr lid>t!«: wc«tom annnals. 
 
 L. latipes, Hooic. I'ubescent or somewhat hirsute, l)ranidnd from the haw?; hnuu-hcii 
 short, stont, prorunibeut : leaves lonj^, narrow, linear, in'in- or coar^tdy pinnatififl with a 
 few linear segments: racemes dense; jiedicels strongly (<.iiiprc.x>til, a-srending or nearly 
 erect: petals obovate, rounded at the apex, l.J lines h)ng, much e.\i<iding the »hort kojkiU : 
 pods ovate, conspicuously reticulated, pulterident, or coarsely pubescent, ending in two 
 a])i)roximate ovate-lanceolate acutish teeth ; the latter being a line or more in length ; Kinus 
 very narrow. — Ic. t. 41 ; Torr. it (iray, Fl. i. lie. ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 45.— 
 Flats and salt marshes, but also iu hard clayey soil, California, near the coant from Martinez 
 soutliward. 
 
 L. dictyotum, Gkay. Decumbent, spreading, nmch brancheii from the base: leaves 
 linear, tapering at both ends, 10 to 22 lines long, a line or ks,s in width, n«ii:i!ly pntir*», 
 more rarely with one or two narrow teeth near the middle: pedicels stron 
 sepals scarknis-margiued, not persisting : petals usually none, when i»rest!iil 
 capsules ovate, strongly reticulated, pubesi cut at least when young, 1.J lim > 
 
 - short, obtuse; sinus narrow. — I'roc. Am. Acad. vii. 329; Wats. Bot. King Kxp. .»u, t. 4, i. 
 1, 2;. Greene, Fl. Francis. 273, & Man. Bay-Reg. 23. — Damp and especially alkaline soil, 
 Wa.shington, Duck Lake, Suksdorf, Walla "Walla, Brandcjoc, southwar.l to San Diego Co., 
 Calif., Jom'.<, Clrveland ; also Nevada, Aiuhrson, Wulgon; fl. February to June. 
 
 Var. aciitidens, Gray. Uacemes more elongated, loo!<e : pedicels widely sjireading 
 ordeflexcd: teeth of the capsule longer, acute or acuti.sh, more <jr less sprea^ling; sinui* 
 triangular. — Troc. Am. Acad. xii. 54. —Alkaline soil. Yreka, Calif, Greene; Oregon, 
 Ilua-ell Bros. ; San Diego, Calif., .Awps. The southern specimens collected by Prof. Jouea 
 show a transition to the type. 
 
 L. Strictum, IJatt.w. F'inely jmbescent. l)ranched, nearly erect or more or lesR spreading- 
 leaves pinnatifid ; segments narrow, toothed, obtuse or acutish: racemes mostly nlher 
 dense; pedicels short, erect or ascending, exceeded l)y the capsules: the latter br iidly 
 ovate, glabrous, incon.spicuously reticulated, 1 to li liu<?s in breadth; teeth short i 
 sinus triangular: petals none: calyx often persisting to mature fruit. — Anal I 
 
 L. o.ri/c(iri»iiii, var. (?) strictum, Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 46. & Bibl. Index, G."). L. (>.'•, 
 
 Greene, II F'rancis. 274, in part. — Preferring alkaline soil, Ccntr. and N. California; fl. 
 March to June. 
 
 Var. Oreganum, Roiunson, n. var. Segments of the leaves attenuate : eajisule 
 larger, \\ lines liruad : calyx promptly deciduous. — A. (hei/duum, Howell. Pacif. Cox-t I'l.. 
 coll. of 1887 ; Greene, 1. c. in part. — Kogue River Valley, ( )regou. How* II. 
 
 L. oxycarpum, Torr. & Gray. Slender, branched from the biise, nearly or (juiie .<«mi>oth; 
 branches ascending, 4 to 6 inches long, loo.sely floriferotis more than half their \>-\r^\\< 
 leaves jiarrow, linear, acute, subentire or pinnatifid with a few narrow a/'Ute teeth ; 
 looser than in the preceding species; pedicels widely s|(rca.ling or deflexe.l, mor. 
 than in the other members of tlie ^roup, U lines long: tiowcrs small, npetal-'u- 
 very unequal, half line long : stamens 2 : c:ipsule .suborbicnlar, glabrate. finely n\ 
 \\ lines broad, tipped with two very short wi<lely divergent teeth. — Fl. i. I Ifi ; li 
 Am. Bot. Beech. 323; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 46; Greene, 1. r. — Central Ca;.i :.- 
 Cadboro Bay, Vancouver, Macoim, preferring saline soil ; fl. March, Aj)ril. 
 
 14. SENEBIifiRA, DC. Wakt Crkss. Swi.nk Cre8.s. (Dodi. 
 Jean Senebicr, vegetable physiologist of (Jeiieva. 17 l'J-l.Sn'.),) — Pr. 
 spreading and slightly surculont weeds from the Old WorM, exhaliiij; a eharae 
 teristic and disagreeable odor. — Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, i. 140-14ri. t. 8, !•. 
 \1\)\) (An 7), & Syst. ii. .")•_>!; Vow. Diet. vii. 7"); Keielienb. le. Fl. tJcrm. 
 ii. t. 0. ro?o»o;)7^<:, (lierlii. Friict. ii. 2!»;!. I T- ''■ ! IJ..1.1 v.. .v 1 
 
130 CRUCIFER.E. SeneUera. 
 
 S. prxNATiFiDA, DC. Animal or liiennial: stems numerous and slender: leaves short, an 
 inch or less in length, piunately jmted ; segments 7 to <), lanceolate, entire, cr sparingly 
 toothed: Howers very small, greenish white: ])etals minute or none : fruit small, 1 to 1-J lines 
 broad, notched both above and below, tims appearing transversely 2-lobed ; its segments 
 turgid and finely wrinkled. — Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, i. 144, 1799 (An 7), & Syst. ii. 
 523; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 114. S. didi/ma, Pers. Syu. ii. 185. Lepidium didipnnin, L. Mant. 
 92. ' Conmopus didymns. Smith, Fl. Brit. ii. 691 ; Pursh, Fl. ii. 434; Nutt. Gen. ii. 65.— 
 Preferring moist soil of ditches, surface drains, &c., frequent along the sealward from New- 
 foundland to Florida and Louisiana, also from California to Vancouver Isl., Macoiin; 
 occasionally found in dry situations; not frequent in the interior; fl. spring and early 
 summer. (Introd. from Eu.) 
 
 S. CoROXOPcs, Poir. Annual or biennial : stems stouter : leaves longer and segments rela- 
 tively narrower: fruit flattened, \h to i;^ lines broad, not uotdied above nor divided into 
 two lobes, but strongly roughened and somewhat crested by radiating pi-ominences. — Diet, 
 vii. 76; Pers. Syn. ii. 185; DC. Syst. ii. 525; Torr. .& Gray, Fl. i. 115; AVats. & Coulter, in 
 Gray, Man. ed 6, 74. • Coronopus Ruellii, All. Fed. u. 934 ; Pursh, Fl. ii. 435 ; Ell. Sk. ii. 
 139. Coronopus Coronopus, Karsten, Deutsch. Fl. 673. — Roadsides and rubbish heaps, 
 chiefly in the Middle Atlantic States, but occasionally westward ; Portland, Oregon, //e«- 
 derson; kss common tlian the preceding. (Introd. from Eu.) 
 
 15. SUBULARIA, L. Aavi.avort. (Latin sulmla, an awl, in refer- 
 ence to the leaves.) — Small aquatic perennials with clustered subulate attenuate 
 leaves and scapose loosely racemose inflorescence of minute white flowers. — 
 Gen. no. 526; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 163, t. 71 ; Hiltner in Engl. Jahrb. vii. 264; 
 Prantl in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzeuf. iii.'Ab. 2, 159. — An interesting and 
 practically monotypic genus of which the exact affinities are still somewhat 
 doHbtful. The following species is widely distributed in the northern temperate 
 zone. A second species from the mountains of Abyssinia is doubtfully distinct. 
 [By B. L. Robinson.] 
 
 S. aquatica, L. Submersed or growing on muddy banks, glabrous : root a dense cluster 
 of bright wliite fibres: leaves 12 to 20, une(iual, erect or slightly spreading, thickish at the 
 base, l-U(-3) inches in length, tapering very gradually to the end: floral axis naked, 1 to 4 
 inches high, floriferous from below the middle : the submersed flowers minute, cleistogamous, 
 and somewhat simplified : fruit obovate, upon short distant spreading pedicels. — Spec, ii 
 642 ; DC. Syst. ii. 698 ; Torr. & Grav, Fl. i. 1 13 ; Gray, 1. c. 164, t. 71 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. 
 Calif, i. 43 ; Slosson, Bull. Torr. Chib. xi. 118; Day, ibid. xvi. 291. — Edges of ponds and 
 lakes, also muddv banks of running water, Newfoundland, on the Exploits Riv., Robinson 
 & Srhrenk; Maine, Nuftall, near Portland, Chickerinr, ; New Hampshire, Franconia, Tucher- 
 man, Oales, Miss Slosson, Faxon, Squam hake, J. Schrenk ; Ontario, Slater's Bay near 
 Port Sandfield, coll. bv botani.sts of Am. Assoc. 1889 ; Manitoba, Eagle Lake, Fletcher, ace. 
 to Macoun; Wvoming, Yellow-stone Lake, Parr;/; California, Mono Pass, 10,000 feet, 
 Bolander, Summ'it Vallev, Prinqle, Webber Lake, Lemmon ; and Vancouver, Sproat Lake, 
 Macotm. ' Said to have been collected on the Delaware Riv. by Durand, but its occurrence 
 in that region has not been recently substantiated. Easily overlooked and doubtless much 
 more widely distributed : the foliage somewhat resembles an Isoetes. 
 
 16. CAPSlfiLLA, Medic. (Latin capsella, a little box, alluding to the 
 ffuit.) _ A small genus, diflicult of circumscription ; branching annuals with 
 small white flowers and rosulate leaves. — Pflanzeng. i. 85 ; Moench, Meth. 271 ; 
 DC. Syst. ii. 383 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 116; Bcnth. & Hook. Gen. i. 86; 
 Prantl, 1. c. 189. Bursa, Tourn. Tnst. 216, t. 103. Hi/mennlohus, Nutt. in 
 Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 117. [By B. L. Robinson.] 
 
 §1. BuRi^E.T:. Fiiiit obcordatc. ouneate, reversed-deltoid in outline: intro- 
 duced from the Old World. 
 
Neslia. C'la'CIFElLE. ];]] 
 
 C. BLusA-PASr6Ri8, Medic. 1. c. (Suki-iieki.'s 1'ub8k.) Finely stcllato-puhcwent aii-l m.mo- 
 wliat hirsute: ba.s:il loaves obloii^r or ohhuiceolato in oiu)in«, imrr"w<-! »K.t..w to wir.-^.-l 
 petioles, dentate or deuph- siuuate-piniiatifid ; can!' 
 clasping bases : racemes in fruit loose, clonfraied. 
 ing. — Thiaxpi Bursn-jiasloris, L. Sjjcc. ii C47. It 
 
 Mem. Torr. C'lul). v. 1 72. — ( )ne of the commonest door ,> aid wcudb, doubiliuw of gnruntogfuiu 
 origin, hut now cosmt)politan. (\at. from Eu.) 
 
 § 2. Hymenoi.obk.e. Fruit ellii)tioal, entire at tiie apex : iiirli-jr-nous, chiefly 
 in the West. 
 
 C. elliptica, C. A. Meyer. Low, weak and 8])reading. very minutely utellnto-pubewent or 
 glal)r()us throughout: leaves thin, small, sjtatulate or lanceolate; the lower commonlv with 
 a few blunt teeth or more or less deeply piuuittilid: stems nearlv filif.jrin, flexuous • 
 minute: sepals ovate-elliptic, obui.sc, thin-margined, about e<iualled bv the nam. 
 petals: capsule elliptic-oldong, I to U linos in length; stigma nearlv sessih'. — .M^ 
 Ledeb. Fl. Alt. iii. 199. C. lyrocuinbeus, Fries, M;uit. i. 14; licicheub. Ir. Fl. (krm. ii. 
 t. 11 ; Britton, Bull. Torn Club, xvii. 311. C. diraricuta, & C. enrUi, Walp. Ueji. i. 175. 
 Hi/meiiolobus divariculHs, Nutt. iu Torr. & dray, Fl. i. 117; J look. Ic. t. 277. /I. ertctu.-. 
 Nutt 1. c. ' Lepidium procuinbens, L. Spec. ii. 64.3. llutrhinsia proi-uminns, Dcsv. Jour. Bot. 
 iii. 168 (1814). — Dead Islands, Labrador, Allen; widely distributed in the West, from 
 Wyoming, Porter, to Brit. Columbia, Mucoim, and S. California. (Asia, &c ) 
 
 C. pubens, Benth. & Hook. TaH, erect, quite simple or with several ascending bnim h. -, 
 finely and rather closely stellate-tomentose throughout : stem rather stout, leafy : 
 lanceolate or oblong, pinnately toothed or merely repand : racemes rather dense, b. . 
 much elongateil; pedicels 4 to 8 lines long: sepals spreading in anthc.sis: capsu 
 inflated, stellately pubescent and hispid, 3 to 4 lines long, tipjicd with a short slen'i' 
 — Benth. & Hook. ace. to Wats. Bild. Index, 52, & True. Am. Acad. xvii. 322. //;/;/-• 
 pubetts, Gray, I'l. Wright, i. 9, & ii. 14. — Prairies of Texas, Wrnjht, G'inird, Iluvuid, and 
 New Mexico, Wright. (Mex., Palmer, Pringte.) 
 
 17. CAMifiLINA, Crantz. False Flax. (Name doubtfully derived 
 from x"/^«'» o^ ^'^^ ground, dwarf, and Xivov, flux, perhaps referring to a stunt- 
 ing influence upon flax, in fields of which it often grows.) — Erect geron- 
 togeous annuals with sagittate-clasping oblong to linear entire or dentate 
 thickish leaves (the lowermost rarely pinnatifid), and j>ale yellow or white 
 flowers of no beauty. — Stirp. Austr. i. 18 ; Reiehenl) 1. c. t. 24 : Benth. «& Hook. 
 Gen. i. 83 ; Prantl in Engl. & Trantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. 2, 180. [By 
 B» L. Robinson.] 
 
 C. SAxfvA, Crantz,!. c Stem simple or sparingly branched above, IJ to 4 feet high, leafy, 
 nearly glabrous or somewhat hirsute: leaves erect, l| to 2i lines long, entire or nearly .«o : 
 flowers rather small, light yellow; fruiting pedicels spreading-a«cending: fruit ol><t\.it.. 
 becoming 3^ to 4 lines long, three fourths as broad, glabrous, margined, finely ml.n 
 lated and slightly rildicd upon the face.s. — DC. Sysl. ii. 51.5 ; Beck. Bet. 27 ; Darlingt I-l. 
 Ccst. 379 ; Torr. & Cray, Fl. i. 110. — A weed not infrequent in cultivated ground, es|KTially 
 in flax-fields in Canada and the Middle States, extending across the c.ntii.c ni : ti (..rlv 
 summer. (Introd. from En.) 
 
 18. NifiSLIA, Desv. (Dedicated to /. A. N. Do N>s... An ....i 
 annual monotype of the Old World, a«lvontive in America. — .lourn. BoU iii. 
 162 (1814); Reiehenb. 1. c. [By B. L. Hoiunson.] 
 
 N. pamchlAta, Desv. 1. c. ]'ubo.scent, a foot ur more in hfiL'ht, simple np to the infl«i 
 leaves oblong, obtnsish, 1 to 2 inches in lengili. ' 
 base: nicemes 1 to 5, ascending; i>edi<els wi(lol\ 
 
 .sepals ubl..iiL' |i:il.' ^>■\l<^s : l.'i.'K MKiMihiU-. bri-l ■ 
 
132 CHUCIFER.E. Callle. 
 
 a line in diameter, tipped with a slender persistent style. — M^jagnm pam'culatum, L. Spec, 
 ii. G41.— Winnipeg Valley, Boiirc/eau (1858), and more or less establislied alons^ the track 
 of the Canadian Pacific Hailway, at Caimiove, Macoun (188;')), also coll. on balhist, Jersey 
 City, Jud</e Brown; fl. through the summer. (Adv. from Eu.) 
 
 19. CAKILE, Tourii. Sea Rocket. (Name of doubtful perhaps Arabic 
 origin.) — Fleshy maritime amnials, generically readily recognized by their char- 
 acteristic fruit. Flowers purplish or white. Leaves more or less siuuate-toothed 
 or incised.— Inst. Suppl. 49, t. 483; Ga^rtu. Fruct. ii. 287; Beuth. & Hook. 
 Gen. i. 9'J. [By B. L. Robinson.] 
 
 C. maritima, Scop. Leaves either narrow, linear or nearly so and suhentire, or more 
 'often \ory ilcei)ly sinuate pinnatifiil, with narrow rhachis and segments: uj.per cell of the 
 fruit considerably exceeding the lower, lanceolate in outline or ensiform, sligiitly 4-angled 
 and narrowed to an acutish point ; the lower cell often but not always appendaged at the 
 summit with two spreading teeth. — Fl. Carn. cd. 2, no. 844; DC Syst. ii. 428.— The 
 typical form of this species occurs as a hallast-weed upon the Atlantic Coast of the Middle 
 States, Brown, Parker, and a form unsatisfactorily separable by its usually more slender 
 and elongated spindle-shaped pods is indigenous in Florida, Indian Kiver, Palmer, Marquesas 
 Keys, Curtlss, Key West, Binney. This form, the var. .uquAlis, Chapm. Fl. 31, is not 
 exactly the C. cequaUs, L'Her. of the West Indies, which has more entire apparently thinner 
 leaves and still more slender almo.st linear fruit. 
 
 Var. Cubensis, Chapm. " Stem and branches erect ; leaves linear, obtuse, dentate- 
 serrate, tapering into a petiole ; loment obovate." — Fl. ed. 2, 606. — " Keys of South 
 Florida." Not seen, but from the descri])tion of the fruit apparently different from C. 
 Americana, var. Cubensis, DC. 
 
 Var. geniculata, Kobinson, n. var. Foliage of the typo : axes of the racemes very 
 stout and strongly geniculate : fruit fully inch in length ; both cells with several prominent 
 ribs; the upper cell elongated, oblong, scarcely acute.— C. maritima. var. af/milis, Coulter, 
 Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. i. 31, & ii. 22, not Chapm. — Gulf Coast, Texas, Bcrlandier, no. 
 3103, Galveston, Lindheimer, May, 1843. 
 
 C. Americana, Ndtt. Leaves oblanceolate or obovate, shallowly sinnate-toothed or cre- 
 *nate: upper segments of fruit ovate in outline, 4-angled near the base, acuminately narrowed 
 to a compressed truncate often retuse tip.— Gen. ii. 62 ; Gray. Gen. 111. i. 170, t. 74 ; Greene, 
 Bot. Gaz. vii. 94 ; Wats. & Coulter in Gray, Man, ed. 6, 74 ; K. l?randegee, Zoe, ii. 340. 
 C maritima, Vursh, Fl. ii. 4-'^4. C edcntuUi, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 59. C. maritima, var. 
 Americana, Terr. & Gray, Fl. i. 119. Bunias cdenttda, Bigel Fl. Bo.^t. 1.57.— Sea beaches 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence to Fla. ; on the Pacific in Central California (perhaps introduced), 
 Greene, and along the shores of the Great Lakes. Not always readily distinguishable from 
 the preceding s].ccies, of which it has sometimes been regarded as a variety. The difference 
 of foliage, however, is usually striking, and of geographic range noteworthy. A marked 
 form from Enterprise, Fla., Canin/, has an elongated oblong strongly ribbed pod, but the 
 upper cell has the characteristic 'flattened and retuse apex of this species, with which the 
 foKage also closely agrees. 
 20. RAPHANUS, L. Radish. ('Pac^aro?, used for /)a<^ans, radish.) — 
 
 A genus of six to ten species, stout annuals or biennials, all natives of the Old 
 
 "World and most of them of the Mediterranean region. — Gen. no. 539 ; DC. 
 
 Prodr. i. 228. [By B. L. Robinson.] 
 
 R. llAPiiANfsTRCM, L. (WiLi) IUdish, JoiNTKi) CiiAnLOCK.) Lcavos lyrately pinnatifid, 
 hirsute : petals most often light yellow or white anfl dark veined, rarely purplish : pud 
 strongly moniliform, 2-8-seedeil ; 'the more or less ribbed or corrugated segments only 1^ 
 to 2 hiies in In-eadth ; beak elongated, slender, and gradually narrowed to a point. — 
 Spec. ii. 669; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 120; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 3.5; Wats. & Coulter, 
 I. c — A rapid growing and troublesome weed in waste and cultivated ground. (Introd. 
 from Eu.) 
 
Brassica. CRUCIKER.E. 133 
 
 R. SATfvus, L. 1. c. (Radish.) Mutli like tlie last in foliiigc : petals pale pnriik-. pod 
 usually 2-3-seeiled ; seguieuts beciniiiiig 3^ to 4 lines in lireadtli, lfii« c-urrugaltxi oiid Ivm 
 distinct from tho joining necks tliun in the preceding: beak elongated, iliickiwh but gradu- 
 ally narrowed to a point. — Gray, Man. ed. .'), 75 ; Coulter in Ilayden, Ki-p. 1872, 761 ; Hrew. 
 & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 49. — Occa.'iiiinaily cscajiing from cultivation in ibe Kant; be<-uinin;; a 
 prevalent weed in California. In tliu wild jdanl liie root i.s rather sbmler and lougli Jlbrt-d. 
 (Iiitrod. from Eu.) 
 
 21. BRASSICA, Tuuru. (Classical Latin name fur cal)bagc.) — Erect 
 annuals or biennials of Eurojjean und Asiatic origin, usually souiewhat succu- 
 lent ; several species adveiitive in America or tending to escape from cultivation. 
 Leaves, at least the lower ones, usually lyrate. — Inst. 219, t, IOC; L. Gen. 
 n. 542 ; DC Syst. ii. 582 ; Reicheul). Ic. Fl. Germ. ii. t. 1)1-08 ; Beutli. & Hook. 
 Gen. i. 84; Prantl in Engl. & Prautl, Nat. PHaiizenf. iii. Ab. 2, 177. Siunjiis, 
 L. Gen. no. 543. Rapa, Touru. Inst. 228, t. 1K3; Adans. Fam. ii. 417. 
 Sinajnstrum, Spach, Hist. Veg. vi. 343. — Eoononiically the most important 
 genus of the order. B. olerucea, with its numeruu.s artilicial varieties, furnishes 
 cabbage, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, kohlrabi, kale, broccoli, &c. B. campestn's 
 has yielded in cultivation the turnip and rutabaga, as well as the colza and rajie 
 raised for the oil in the seeds. B. nigra and B. alba furnish the niu.st:ird of 
 commerce. In their wild state these species form rapid growing coarse and 
 unsightly weeds of roadsides and waste ground. [By B. L. Kobinsox.] 
 
 B. CAMPESTRis, L. (Turnip, Rutabaga.) Stout, smootli or nearly so, often very glaucoux, 
 succulent : lower leaves sparingly toothed or ])imiatirid ; the upper entire or 8uliculir«>, 
 oblong-lanceolate, sessile by a chxsping cordate-auriculatc biise, usually obtuse at tho ajH'x : 
 flowers pale yellow : sepals scarcely spreading : i)etals about 3 lines long : pedicel spread- 
 ing: puds terete, I^ to 24 inches long, gradually narrowed into a subulate Injak tippetl witli 
 a llattish stigma; seeds dark l)rown. — Spec. ii. 666; Wats. Bot. King K.\p. 28; WaLx & 
 Coulter iu Gray, Man. ed. 6, 73. - Generally cultivated in its various forms and constantly 
 tending to escape, sometimes becoming a noxious weed in grain fields; (1. earlier than tho 
 other species. (Introd. from Eu, Asia.) 
 
 B. xfGRA, Koch (Black Mu.sTARD.) Tall, 2 to 5 feet in height : stem finely striate, nearly 
 or quite glabrous: leaves large, coarse, petiolate, commtmly beset at lea.'<t upon the veins 
 beneath with scattered spreading bristles, lyrately pinnatifid or divided ; the terminal .M'g- 
 ment mucii the largest, ovate or suborbicular, shallowly lobcd and sharply dentiUo ; the 
 uppermost leaves sim|der in outline, often reiluced to linear bracts Imt always with .<lrnder 
 petioles: racemes long and dense: calyx spreading a little inanthesis: jietals spatulate, 
 about 3^ lines in length : silirjues half inch long, glalirous, torulose, indistinctly <|nadrangu- 
 lar, short-pedicelled and appre.^sed at maturity, tipped with ,<«lender beaks (half lino long); 
 valves nerveless; seeds nearly bbick, liighly pnngcnt. — Koch in Ri>ehl. l^nts.-hl Fl ♦>d ."? 
 iv. 713; Wats. I.e. 28; Wats. & Coulter, 1. c. 72. .</««/>/>• n-Vr<i. L. > 
 & Gray, Fl. i. 99 ; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. ii. t. 88 — Fxtensiv.ly 
 established and widely distributed as a coarse wayside wci-d, extending i 
 preferring rich soil; 11. from .June to late autumn. (Nat. from Ku., Asia.) 
 
 B. SiNApfsTRu.M, Boiss. ((^iiARLOCK.) Au crcct annual, hisjiid with scaft. r .' 
 leaves tootiied or ])innatifid with a large ovate-oblong or deltoid shallow l 
 terminal segment and ustially a pair or two of nnuh smaller .segnjents ' 
 
 ovate-lanceolate, sessile or .subses.-iile by a narrow ba.«e, not cl:u«ping: .. 
 
 large: sepals spreading: ])etals ne.-irly r. linej* long: ]»od» asconding, erect or sometime* 
 appres.sed; the fertile portion 9 to I.*! lines long, torrtso ; valves nervwl ; bonk Mender, 
 flattisli, nearly half as long, tipped witli a globular stigma; valves at nmlurit\ nitixT 
 prnmiuchtly 3-5-nerved. — Voy. Kspagne. ii. 39 : Wat->». & Conltrr. I.e. .sVm.i/..* -i-,-. ..«.«. 
 L. Spec. ii. 668; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 99; Kng H"t i i:4,s — A common and iruuM*. 
 
134 CnrCIFER.E. Bmsslca 
 
 some weed in cultivated ground ; fi. June to August. The form wliicli is naturalized in 
 America lias glahrous pods, while in the Old World they are quite as often hispid. (Nat. 
 from Eu., Asia.) 
 
 B. JrNCE.\, Cosson. Glabrous or nearly so : upper leaves narrowly lanceolate to linear- 
 Gblong, nearly or quite entire, always cuneate at the base : valves of the capsule 3-nerved 
 with Literal nerves obscure and flexuous : other characters nearly as in the preceding. — 
 Bull. Soc. Bot. France, vi. 609; Hook. f. & Thom. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 170. — Sjiaringly 
 introduced in the Eastern States. (Introd. from Eu., Asia.) 
 
 B. Alba, Boiss. 1. c. (White Mustard.) Habitally resembling the two preceding : leaves 
 usually all pinnatifid : pods spreading, densely hispid, tijjjjed with long flat l)eaks ; seeds pale 
 yellow. — Grav, Man. ed. 5, 70. Sinupis uiha, L. Spec. ii. 668. — Often cultivated an<l not 
 infrequently spontaneous, especially in grain fields, Maine, Ftniald, to Vancouver, Macouu, 
 and S. California, Ilasse. (Introd. from Eu.) 
 B. ADPRESSA, Boiss. 1. c. 38 (Erticastnim incmiuvt, Koch), with pinnately parted leaves and 
 
 finely tomentose racemes of short do.sely appresscd pods, has become locally established as a 
 
 wayside weed in and near the city of San Bernardino, Calif., Parish. 
 
 22. DIPLOTAXIS, DC. (AittAoos, double, and rd^t^, row, in reference 
 to the biseriate seeds.) — A gcrontogeous genus of some twenty species, not very 
 satisfactorily distinguished from Brassica. Two species are becoming so frequent 
 upon waste ground in America as to merit notice. — Syst. ii. G28 ; Benth. & 
 Hook. Gen. i. 84; Prantl, 1. c. 176. Included in Brassicahy Baill. Hist. PL 
 iii. 248, and others. [By B. L. Robinson.] 
 
 D murAlis, DC. Branching from near the base, smooth or sparingly hispid : stems often 
 naked above : leaves oblanceolate, shallowly and bluntly toothed or pinnatifid, attenuate 
 below : flowers rather small : sepals erect : petals 3^ lines long, pale yellow : fruiting raceme 
 loose flexuous ; pedicels spreading, 4 to 6 lines long : capsules over inch in length, nearly 
 terete, tipped with subulate beaks; valves distinctly nerved; seeds ovoid, brown. — Syst. 
 ii 634 ; Eeichenb. 1. c. t. 82. — A ballast-weed near the ports of the Atlantic seaboard, 
 Camden, Par/ter; Philadelphia, Marttndale ; New York, Brown; Chelsea, Mass., Youmj ; 
 Carleton, N. B., Fowler; I'ictou, N. S., Macoun; fl. July to September. (Adv. from Eu.) 
 D TENUiFoiiv DC. Similar in habit: leaves deeply sinuate-pinnatifid with narrow seg- 
 ments • flowers larger: petals b lines in length : fruiting pedicels about inch long : caj.sules 
 slender, U inches in lengtli. - Sy.-^t. ii. 632; Reichenb. 1. c. - Similar situations as the last 
 and about equally frecjuent. (Adv. from Eu.) 
 
 23. CONRfNGIA, Heist. (Professor Hermann Conrhuj, born at Norden, 
 1606; died at Helmstedt, Brunswick, 1661.) — A small natural genus of char- 
 acteristic habit, but without sharp technical characters. — Heist, ace. to L. Syst. 
 Nat. ed. 1; Link, Enum. ii. 172; Eeichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. ii. t. 61. Under 
 Erysimum, L. Gen. no. o45 ; DC. Syst. ii. r>07. — One species, perhaps of eastern 
 origin but now of general distribution in Centr. Europe, is adventive in America. 
 [By B. L. Robinson.] 
 
 C. perfoliAta. Link, 1 c. Glabnms annual, with elliptical obtuse deeply cordato and 
 
 amplexicaul leaves, vellowish white flowers, and long widely spreading acutish and rather 
 
 sharplv 4-angled pods. - C. orimtaUs, Dum. Fl. Belg. 123. Brassica orientalis, L. Spec. ii. 
 
 666. 'B. perfoliata, Lam. Diet. i. 748. Erijsimum prrfoliatim, Crautz, Stirp. Austr. i. 2,. 
 
 E orientale, R. Br. in Ait. f. Kew. ed. 2, iv. 117. Conringia onentalis, Andrz. in DC. 1. c. 
 
 508. — Waste places in the Canadian Provinces, Macom, and Minnesota, Sandbcr;,; as yet 
 
 scarcely more than a ballast-weed. (Adv. from Eu., Asia.} 
 
 24. ALLIARIA, Adans. (Tlie Linnean specific name of Eri/simum 
 AUiaria, derived from Allium, onion, garlic, in reference to the odor.) — A .small 
 
Ealrema. CRUCIFER/E. 1|G 
 
 :iiul natural genus of the Old World, dibtiuguiHlied from Sisijmhrium liy its wliit« 
 
 fluvvei-s and characteristic foliage rather than by technical cliaracterh. — Kaiu. 
 
 ii. 418 (the earliest known post-Linnean reference; this name is ascrihi-d to 
 
 .Alatthioli by Ruppius) ; DC. Syst. ii. 4.SS ; Ueichenb. Ic. V\. (jt-nn. ii. t. GU ; 
 
 Prantl, 1. c. 168. [By B. L. Robinson.] 
 
 A. OFriciN'ALis, AudfZ. Biennial, liispid-jmbf.sient or <iuiln glabrous: xtein tall, l<-r«te, uftcii 
 branched above: leaves ovate-deltoiil to sulxjrbicular, broa<ll\- cordate, Hinuate-tixjtlied, I Ui 2 
 inches in diameter, tliin and groeu upon both .>*urfacos, sleuder-petioletl : Howen* nitbor mtmll 
 and crowded: siliques firm, spreadiii<;-ascending, tapcrinj^ .it the apex, 1^ imlr 
 length, on short stout .spreading ])eiliiels. — Andr/. in Marsthall v. liiebcrst. 1 
 iii. 445 ; DC. Syst. ii. 489. yiV^.s/;rt«m .l//i«n«, L. Spec. ii. 660. :^ is;/ minium A - _ 
 
 Fl. Carn. ed. 2, ii. 26; Thome', Fl. Deutschl. ii. t. 289; Wats. & Coulter in (inty, Man wi. 
 6, 72. Alliaria AUmria,'Qv\X,ton, Mem. Torr. Club, v. 167. — Sparingly uatumlizcd ou road- 
 sides near Ge<>rget(jwu, D.C., /. D. Smith, and near New York City, Miss Rich. (Adv. 
 from Eu., Asia.) 
 25. EUTR£1MA, R. Br. (Eu, well, and Tpf//xa, an opening : in the st-ii-se of 
 
 well perforated, referring to the often incomplete dissepiment of the capside.) — 
 
 A small genus of ijerennials, chiefly of alpine and arctic liabiuit, atuiining it« 
 
 chief development in Siberia, closely related to Sisymbrium but of ililVcrcnt habit. 
 
 Leaves entire, creuate, or shallowly dentate, usually ovate, oblong or subrotund, 
 
 often fleshy; the radical ones long-petioled. — R. Br. in Parry, 1st Voy. Suppl. 
 
 to App. 267, t. A, Flora, vii. pt. 1, Beilage 73, *& Misc. Works, i. VXi; Beuth. 
 
 & Hook. Gen. i. 78 ; Prantl, 1. c. [By B. L. Robinson.] 
 * Septum fenestrate. 
 
 E. Edwardsii, K. Br. 11. cc. Glabrous root thick, fleshy, perpendiruhir stems one t^j 
 several, decumbent or nearly erect, 1 to 8 inches high : leaves entire, ovate, mostly rounded 
 at the base and obtusish at the apex; the radical and lowest cauline upon jietioles often two 
 or three times as long as the blade; the upper cauline sessile or nearly ,so: flowers siiiall, 
 pale purple or white, at first densely crowded : fruiting raceme elongated ; pedicels erect or 
 ascending, about 2 lines long ; the cajjsule lauce-oblong, about 4 lines in length — Hook, in 
 Parry, 2d Voy. App. 267, t. A, & Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 67; C. A. Mey. iu Ledeb. Fl. Alt. iii. 
 163; Ledeb. Ic. t. 258, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 112. SmelousUa rinerca, Walpers, Kej>. i. 171, 
 in part. Draba (?) lirvKjatn, Cham. & Schlecht, Liun^a, i. 25. SisipitbiiniH Kdicardsii, 
 Trautv. Act. Hort. Petr. i. .59. — Crevices of rocks, Digges Island. Hudson Bar, BtU, to 
 the Arctic Ocean, from CJrinnell Land, Greet y Expcd., to Alaska. (Siberia.) 
 
 E. (OEschscholtzianum, Uouinson, n. sp. Root .slender, somewhat fibrou.s-l)ranche<l. 
 bearing at its apex one or more elongating rhizomes covered with the subulate ba-sw of old 
 petioles: leaves clustered at the ends of the rhizomes, sjtatuhite, long-i>etinl;itc. entire, 
 obtuse or roimded ; scapes half inch to two inches higli, naked beluw but bearing ju.st under 
 the inflorescence an involucre of 2 to 4 approximate lancoolntc foli.-iroous bracts: flowers 
 small, corymbose, white: fruit ase])tate ; seeds adhering to the placenta- long (mimefimon 
 months) after the falling of the valves. — Aphrniimus Esrhsoholtzinnus, Andr/. in DC. rnnlr. 
 i. 210. Oreas involiicnila, Cham. & Schlecht. Linn.<ea, i. .30, t. 1. />' 
 Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 83, ace. to Wats. BiM. Index. 51. — An inter 
 known jdaiit growing in loose stony .soil, on mountains of rn.ila.^ka, ' 
 Aleutian Islands, Andrzejowski . The aflinities a]>])Par to bo with the prf.siKi ueii;;.» ,;i.< 
 suggested by Robert Brown ace. to Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 6S). nither than with llra<n. 
 Although the involucral leaves are exceptional, satisfactory flower- or fruiu-hnnuters for 
 the separation of this species as a roonotypic genus have not yet U^en found. 
 * * Se|)tum imperfor.ite. 
 
 E. (?) Labradoricum, Tikcz. Dwarf, scarcely 2 inches high: stcnm (Military or ncveral. 
 l-fcwH(.\v.'nil. spriii-iiiL' from the nodes of an oblique rhizome; Icaveu entire, orat«. 
 
136 CRUCIFER.E. Eutnma. 
 
 acutisli ; the cauline 1 to 2, mostly petiolate, rarely oue of them sessile : fruit narrowly 
 linear, many times exceeding the pedicel- septum complete. — Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. x.xvii. 
 pt. 2, 305 ; Wats. Hihl. Iiidex, 64. — Labrador. A species not seen by the writer, and per- 
 haps to be referred to Brui/a. Tlie description is condensed from that of Tui'czaninow. 
 B. arenicola, Kichakds. Glabrous, iialf inch to two or three inches hi^h : stems several, 
 springing from a slender elongating branching rhizome •. leaves spatulate, sleuder-petioled, 
 chiefly clustered at the base, obtuse, entire or nearly so ; the cauline two or three : flowers 
 purplish: pods linear-ublong ; stigma nearly cajiitate; septum imperforate, sometimes 
 obscurely nerved. — Richards, in Hook. Fl. Eor.-Am. i. 67, t. 24; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 112. 
 Smeloivskia cinerea, C. A. Mey. 1. c. 171, in part. Purri/d areuicola, Hook. f. Arct. PI. 28.5, 
 315; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 67. — In sand on the shores of Arctic America between 107° 
 and 150° west long., Rick<irdson, Franklin, Back; Glovonin Bay, Alaska, Muir ; Grinnell 
 Land ? Grceli/. 
 
 26. SMEL6WSKIA, C. a. Meyer. (Professor T. Smclowski, a hotaiiist 
 of St. Petersburg, who died 181 o.) — Low and cespitose perennials, canescent 
 with fine stellately branclied liairs and sometimes suffrutescent below. Leaves 
 pinnatifid or bipinnatifid, rarely some of them entire. Flowers small, white, 
 pale yellow, or purplish tinged. Two species are natives of Vi. N. America, the 
 others of mountainous districts in Central Asia. — Mey. in I^edeb. Fl. Alt. iii. 
 1G5; Ledeb. Ic. t. 151; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 79; Pranil. 1. c. 192. [By 
 B. L. Robinson.] 
 
 S. calycina, C. A. Meyer. Very variable in foliage, finely stellatc-]mbcscent and usually 
 cincreous-villous with longer simple hairs: caudex stout, branched, clothed Mith the scaly 
 bases of former leaves: leaves soft in texture, usually deeply pinnatifid, with 2 to several 
 pairs of linear to obovate obtuse segments and a terminal one of similar shape and size ; 
 rarely a few of the radical leaves oblanceolate, quite entire : stems several, an inch to a span 
 high : racemes at first dense and subcorymbose, but becoming elongated in fruit ; pedicels 
 ascending or erect, villous as well as the narrow sepals: petals exserted, with a broad 
 patulous rounded blade, white or nearly so, about 2 lines in length : capsule usually lanceo- 
 late, attenuate at each end (but very variable, occasionally short and obovate), tipped with 
 a short slender style, and capitate obscurely 2-lobed stigma; seeds few. — Mey. 1. c. 170; 
 Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 186;3, 58; Wats. Bot. King Exp. 24. Hutchinsin cali/clim, Desv. 
 Jour. Bot. iii. 168 (1814); Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. \. 58, t. 17, f. B. II. calf/clna,\aT. Jmerifnna, 
 Regel & Herder, PI. Seminov. ii. 145. — Mountain slopes, often at considerable altitudes, 
 Colorado to N. Central California, and northward to Alaska. (Siberia.) 
 
 S. Fremontii, Watson. Less canescent: foliage more finely divided and niiuli more 
 rigid in texture: leaves all pinnate ; segments narrow, linear, bristle-tipped and imngcnt ; 
 sepals ovate or oblong, glabrous : petals' white pedicels ascending or spreading, smooth: 
 capsules linear, tetragonal, 4 to 5 lines long, tipped with a short style ; seeds rather numer- 
 ous. — Proc. Am. Acad. xi. 123 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 42. Brai/a pectimila, (Jreene, 
 Erythea, iii. 69, as to character and habitat. — A very distinct species, but apparently to be 
 referred to this genus. Growing on hills and in mountain valleys of N. California, Lemmon, 
 Mrs. Austin, Miss Plummer, and Oregon, Fremont, Howell, Cusick. 
 
 27. SISYMBRIUM, Tourn. Hedge Mustard. (Name from the 
 ancient Greek aicrviJ./3pLov, which designated some pungent plant, not certiiiidy 
 identified.) — A large and somewhat heterogeneous group, of late considerably 
 divided by various authors. The genus Alliaria, through its strikingly dift'erent 
 habit, may well be separated. Stenophragma, on the other hand, if extended as 
 suggested by Prantl, loses its sharpness of definition, both as to habit and tech- 
 nical character. Deseurainia, if confined to S. Sophia and its allies, undoubtedly 
 forms a natural and homogeneous group ; but satisfactory technical characters 
 
Sisi/inhrinin. CUL'CIFKILE. 137 
 
 have not yet been found to rxclndc from it various species of western and Mexi- 
 can Sisi/iiibria witli branelied hairs, but nujeh less divided folia;,'e, and couuecliug 
 with others of South America still more nearly of the Ensisi/mhrium tvpe. The 
 pubescence, which if all species of both continents are considered passes from 
 simple or occasionally forked hairs to dense stellation, fails to give a reullv butiii- 
 factory generic distinction. In view of the paucity of good technical characttTs 
 for its subdivision, it seems best therefore to retain the genus in its compreheu- 
 sive sense, the closer allinities of its si)ecies being more conveniently and ju^t as 
 clearly indicated by subgenera and sections. Sharp limitation from Thelyiiodium 
 is most difficult. The orientation of the stigma-lobes, brought forward by Prantl, 
 is unsatisfactory, since the stigma is so nearly circular in many species of both 
 genera that distinction is impossible, and in at least one species ( T. eleyans) of 
 obvious thelypodioid habit and affinities, the stigma-lobes lie over the placenta-. 
 The color of tlie flower ranges from white to yellow in Sisjiinbrinni (as lu-re 
 limited) and in Tliehjpodium from cream-color to deep purple (in the exce|ititMial 
 T. aureum, deep yellow). The problematic S. salsiujlnvuin. Pall., with glabrous 
 entire cordate-clasping leaves, purplish Howers, and undivided stigma, may well 
 be referred to Thehjpodium, from which it appears to be distinguished only liy 
 its small size and slender habit. — Inst. 22o, t. lO'J ; L. Gen. no. .'»I7 ; DC". 
 Syst. ii. 458; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. ii. t. 72-80; Gray, Gen. 111. i. l.Jl, 
 t. G4 ; Fournier, Recherches sur Fam. Crucif. et Gen. Sisymb. Desrurninin &, 
 Pachypodium, Webb & Berth. Phyt. Can. i. 72, 74. Slciiop/iraynia, Celak. Fhjra, 
 1872, 438. [By B. L. Ronixsox.] 
 
 § 1. Velauum, DC. vSiliipies subulate, tapering almost from the base to the 
 apex: stigma slightly 2-lobed : pubescence of simple hairs : haves pinnatilid. — 
 Syst. ii. 459. C/iamceplium, Wallr. Sched. Crit. i. 37(J. — An Old World tyi>e 
 represented in America by a single species widely introduced. 
 
 S. OFFICINALE, Scop. (Hedoe MuSTAiiD.) Slcudcr, erect, soniewliat liirsiito near the bx-H*. 
 less frequently pubescent throughout: leaves slender-pet iolei I ; sej^nient.s ttHJtheil ; tln^ 
 uppermost leaves narrow, lanceolate, subentire or hastate at ilie b;uie : racemes spicifuriu 
 and with 2 to 7 divaricately spreading l)ranchcs: flowers small. ])ale yellow : jxkIs on very 
 short erect pedicels. — Fl. Cam. ed. 2, ii. 26; Torr. & (iray, Fl i. IM ; Heiclienli. Ic. Kl. 
 Germ. ii. t. 72. ? S. Nldf/nreiise, V>mru. Si.^ym!>. S'\ _fi<lfi (Jray, Am Jour Sci. .«er. 2, xiii. 
 278. Eri/simum officinnlc, L. Spec. ii. OGO. — Hoadsides and wasti' jdaces, very cunnnun. 
 (Nat. from Eu.) 
 
 § 2. EusiSYMBRiiM, Gren. & Godr. Leafy-stemmed : sllitpjcs cylindrical, 
 prismatic, or tapering both ways : stigma usually slightly bilid : pub«'scence of 
 simple hairs or none, never glandular: leaves entire to pinnatilitl. — Fl. Fr. i. '.••'). 
 
 S. ALTfssiMUM, L. (used comiirchensively to include .'^. itiii(ii>lstniin, Cranf/.. i<: ."^. Pnit- 
 nnnicuin, Jacq.), witJi runcinate-i)innatilid leaves and long firm spreading jiods (at maturity 3 or 
 4 inclies in length), is .'scarcely more tlian a l)alla.stweed. about tlie large cities of the Atl.intic 
 seaboard ; but has been fomid occurring .sparingly in S. .Mi!v<i>nri, liusli. (.\dv. fnun Kn.) 
 
 S. lufo, L., with runcinate ]tinnatifid leaves and .^lender junis of delicnto texture (aJMUit an 
 incl) and a half in lengtli), is sal. I to be locally established in some j.arts of the S. K. Atlantic 
 States. (Adv. from Kii.) 
 
 * Leaves lyrately or rnn.inalely pinnatilid, pcliolate ; peli.-les with auriculal*- slipuliforiu 
 ajipendages at tlie liase. 
 
138 CRUCIFERJii. Sisi/inbrium. 
 
 S. axirioiolatlim, Gray. Erect, 1 to 3 feet high, branched, somewhat hirsute or hispid 
 below with scattered hairs : leaves 3 to 6 inches long; segments triangular or oblong, 
 toothed or more frequently entire; the upper segments opposite; the lower reduced and 
 scattered upon the slender petioles : racemes becoming elongated ; fruiting pedicels divari- 
 cate, 3 to 5 lines. long: flowers small, white or nearly so: siliijues 15 to 20 lines long, slender, 
 widely spreading, often curved. — PI. Wright, i. 8, & ii. 12; Fourn. Sisymb. 102. Theh/po- 
 dium uuriculatum, Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 321 ; Coulter, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. ii. 
 15. — Moimtain valleys of W. Texas, Wright, Havard ; fl. March to July. (Mex., Gregg, 
 Palmer, Pringle.) The 2-lobed stigma with lobes lying over- the placeutai argues for the 
 present restoration of this species to Sisymbrium. 
 
 * * Leaves (at least the cauline) entire, sessile by a sagittate-clasping base. 
 
 S. (?) Vaseyi, Watson, in herb. Tall, erect, glabrous, probably glaucous, branching above : 
 leaves oblong, acutish, 2 to 4 inches long, lialf inch broad : flowers small, white or nearly so, 
 in numerous short racemes together forming an open corymbose panicle : pedicels short, 
 spreading: pods terete, erect, 8 to 12 lines long. — Thelyjmdium I a.scyj, Coulter, Contrib. 
 U. S. Nat. Herb. i. 30, & ii. 15, t. 1, as to plant of Vasey. (The plate is confused, the fruit- 
 ing branch being evidently of Neally's plant and distinct.) — Mountains west of Las Vegas, 
 New Mexico, G. Ii. Vasey, 1881, nos. 29, 4L A little known plant of thelypodioid habit but 
 with the short round buds, short anthers, and placeutai stigma-lobes of Sisymbrium. 
 
 * * * Leaves entire or with one or two teeth or lobes (very rarely pinnatifid), subsessile 
 by a cuneate base. ^ 
 
 S. linifolium, Nutt; Perennial, slightly woody at the base, quite glabrous : stems several, 
 .slender, terete, erect, flexuous : leaves narrowly oblanceolate or oblong to linear, thicki.sli, 
 1 to 3 inches long : flowers 4 lines long, yellow : pods slender, spreading, curved upwards, 
 1 to \l inches long, half line in thickness; pedicels 3 lines in length. — Nutt. in Torr. & 
 Gray, Fl. i. 91, 667. S. junceum. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 61 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 91 ; not 
 Biebers. Nasturtium linifolium & }>umilum, Nutt. Journ. Acad. Philad. vii. 12. Erysimum 
 ('i)glaberrimum. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 323. — Colorado, Jones, and Wyoming, Parry, to 
 S. Brit. America, Macoun ; Washington, Suksdorf; Oregon, Howell Bros., to N. Arizona, 
 Palmer; fl. May to August. 
 
 § 3. Descurea, C. a. Meyer (extended). Pubescence branched, rarely 
 glandular, very rarely none: stigma small, entire. — Mey. in Ledeb. Fl. Alt. iii. 
 13;3. Descurainia, Webb «& Berth. Phyt. Can. i. 72 (as to § Sophia). 
 
 * Cauline leaves entire or nearly so, sessile, sagittate-amplexicaul. 
 S. virgatum, Nutt. A cinereous-tomentose biennial, 6 to 15 inches high, often branched 
 from the base : radical leaves numerous, rosulate, oblong, toothed, obtuse, petiolate : fruiting 
 pedicels spreading, 3 to 5 lines long: siliques 8 to 14 lines in length, erect, — Nutt. in Torr. 
 & Gray, Fl. i. 93 ; Fourn. 1. c. 105; Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 57; Coulter, Man. 
 Rocky Mt.Reg. 23. — Rocky Mountains of Colorado and W^yoming, northward to Brit. 
 America, from Wood Mt. to Medicine Hat, Macoun. The northern specimens are more 
 paniculately branched ; fl. early summer. 
 
 S. I'ATciFLORUM, Nutt. 1. c, of the same region, described as a biennial with branched pubes- 
 cence, white flowers, and long pendulous siliques, has always been obscure, and appears to have 
 been founded upon immature specimens of Arabis canesrens. 
 
 * * Cauline leaves more or less undulate-dentate or pinnatifid with broad rounded seg- 
 ments, not clasping : capsules attenuate, pubescent. 
 
 S. diffusum, Gray. Tall and slender, diffusely branched, cinereous-tomentose : stem 
 terete, leafy, often flexuous above : petioles short ; the upper leaves subsessile : petals white, 
 2^ lines in length ; fruiting pedicels nearly horizontal : pods widely spreading, almost divari- 
 cate, rarely suberect; midrib of the septum very broad. — PI. Wright, i. 8; Torr. Bot. Mex. 
 Bound. 33; Coulter, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. i. 30, & ii. 16. — Mountains and rocky hUls of 
 W. Texas, //am;c/; New Mexico, Wright; S. Arizona, Lemmon ; Coso Mountains, Calif., 
 Coville & Fnnston. (Chihuahua, Pringle.) 
 
 * * * Leaves pinnately parted with narrow segments, or hi- to tri-pinnatifid (witii seg- 
 ments narrow or broad) : capsules glabrous, obtuse or merely acutish. 
 
 •i- Seeds biseriate in each cell. 
 
Sisymbrium. CKICIKKK.E. 13g 
 
 S. canescens, Xi n. ('I'ansy Mistaui..) Annual, iin.Toim-tonu iiIuIum- t., pulvt-rulunU 
 gl;ui(liil:u- ..r nucly glahnite an.l Rreeu : li-aves very varial.lr, alwavs Hi.ely .linMHU'd. ihiu- 
 uish, and deliiate: se<,Mnents small, elliptual, or Kspwially in tlic uppiT l.-avt-H linfar-«.lilun.' • 
 racenu-s one to several, erect; pedicels 3 to 5 lin.-.s lonjjj. spreudinj,' : IIowith Kiuall.tli- h|Kim^ 
 late petals eciualliug or somewhat exceeiliug the short .d.long nepals : capsule 4 to ti lin<<M 
 lonj-:, erect or ascending, glabrous or neiu-ly so; seeds roughened. — (;.-n ii. r,8 ; DC. .Svi.t. 
 ii. 475; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 152, t. 64. .S'. Soj>/,i,i, I'ursii. Kl. ii. 44(), n.-t Linn. ; Gray. i'r<K-. 
 Acad. Philad. 186.3, 57, in part. S. ljr,u/,,jcurj,<m, Kidiards in Kranklin iM.Joun'i ed I 
 App. 744 (reprint, p. 16). N. incnnum, Bernh. in Im.scIi. & Mey. Ind. S.ni. llort. iVtri.p.' 
 18;J5, 38 (Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, iv. 337). 6\ S„/,l,i,i, var. cunrscin's, Hook. Fl. Antarct. ii. 242. 
 N. cniiesrens, var. Iimc/iijairpum, Wats. Bihl. Inde.x. 09. S. cunt sans, \nr. alfHHt,,, T. \). 
 A. Cockerell, Bull. 'Porr. Clnh, xviii. 168 (.so far its the l.rief cliaracterizjitiou shows). S.],,,,. 
 7iatu7n, Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. ii. .•$;»(), not Barn. ICn/.sinium i>inniil„,„, U'alt. Car. 
 174. Canhimincl mn/li/idd, I'ursh, Fl. ii. 440. C./ .l//-;/c,r.s//, J)C. Syst. ii. 267. Xasiur- 
 tium limit ijidiim & Meuziesii, Spreng. Syst. ii. 883. Dtscurniniu cniDsenis, rrautl in Kngl. & 
 Prantl, Nat. I'fian/euf. iii. Ab. 2, 192. D. pinnatn, Britton, Mem. Torr. CJul», v. I73._ 
 Common ami widely distributed, Florida to S. California, northward to hit. 66°'accordiiig 
 to Macoun. Tlie numerous forms distinguished by Torr. & Gray and others apjKiar coin- 
 ]detely confluent. (Mex.) 
 
 S. Cumingianum, Fiscn. & Mey. Leaves thicki,sh, h-ss finely dL^-sected, don.^elv canes- 
 
 ccut-tnmentose: pods longer, more .slender and acute, finely i)ubescent, 6 to 9 lines long, ou 
 
 spreading pedicels of similar length. — Ind. Sem. Hort. "iVtrop. 1835,38; Fouruier. 1. c. 
 
 63. — Not infre(iuent in canons, &c. of New Mexico, \Viii//,t, Cnciie, and Arizona. Palmer, 
 
 Rothrock. (Adj. Chihuahua, Ilarlman; S. Am.) The typo from Chili has more tinel.- di.*^ 
 
 seated leaves, but is connected with other forms of Uruguay, &c., closelv like our own. ' 
 
 •I- -I- Capsules very slender, half to two thirds line in diameter; seeds uniseriate iu the 
 cells (or obscurely biseriate in short-podded forms of S. incisum). 
 S. S6phia, L. Slender branching annual with the habit of the preceding: leaves trij. innate 
 
 with small linear or lance-linear segments: racemes elongated, especially the terminal one; 
 
 pedicels filiform, half inch long, spreading : sili(}ues 9 to 1 1 lines long. — Spec. ii. 659 ; Torr! 
 
 & Gray, Fl. i. 92; Hook. f. Arct. Fl. 286, 319; Wats. & Coulter in (irav. "SUix. ed. 6, 72. 
 
 Descurainia Sojihin, Webb, ace. to Prantl, I.e. — In certain localities sparing] v introduced. 
 
 acroiss the continent, more common in Canada. (Adv. from Eu) 
 
 Var. SOphioides, Bkntii. & Hook. Leaves .somewhat le.<s finely divided : fruiting 
 
 racemes very sliort and dense, umbelliform : pods an inch or more in length. (ien. i. 78; 
 
 Trautv. Act. Hort. IVtrop. v. 25. ^'. So/ihui, Cham. & Schlecht. Linna-a, i. 28. not I.. 
 
 S. SOphioides, Fisch. in Hook. FT. Bor.-Am. i. 61, t. 20; Torr. & (Jray, Fl. i. 92. — Brit. 
 
 America from Lake Winnipeg, Buck; ace. to Macouu, to the Arctic Ocean. (Kaintsch.. 
 
 Siberia.) 
 
 S. incisum, Engelm. Delicate annual, subglabrous or more froipientlv finelv glnndiilar- 
 pul)erulent or stellate-tomentulose, scarcely canescent : leaves thin, pimiatifid to i)ipinnalitid ; 
 segments varying greatly in contour; racemes elongated ; pedicels 2 t<t 3 lines hmg. spn-ad- 
 ing, exceeded by the sharp-pointed spreading or curved-asceniling cap.<ules: the I.iiiit 
 glabrous or nearly .so. — Fngelm. in (iray, I'l. Fendl. 8 ; Torr. I'acif. 1{. LN-p. iv. 66 ; FonrniiT. 
 1. c. 64. ind. var. $, /ii/i/ro/ihliuin : Hrew. & Wats. Hot. Calif, i. 41. Drsmminia ii,r,s,i. Mrit- 
 ton. Mem. Torr. Club, v. 173. — The typical form extends from New Mexico to S California 
 and northward to N. Nevada and Winniiitg. The species is polymorphous a.s to foliagi*. 
 pubescence, and length of pods. The chief varieties are 
 
 Var. Hartwegianum, Watson. Leaves pinnate; the leaflets narrowly oblong or 
 lanceolate, obtuse, and obtu.scly or acutely toothed : pods short, U to 3 lines in length, erwt. 
 borne upon a.scending (»r aj)pre.s.sfd pedicels of ecpial length, in a usually crowd<Mi raceme; 
 seeds sometimes irregularly biseriate. — Bot. Calif, i. 41. S. cttiifsrrns, Henth. I'l llartw. 
 9, not Nutt. ? .S". ctini'sctiis, var. hreri/irs, Torr. & (iray. Fl. i. 92. .S So/'hin. (Jr.iy. Froc. 
 Acad. Fhilad. 1863, 57. in part. ' S. I„;icl,,/r,iri,iim, ilook. & Am. Hot. Me.-ch.'32:« — . 
 Colorado to Moo.se .law, Northwest Territory, ace. to .Maconn, westward and .Houtliweftwartl. 
 iS. ('nliformrum, Wats. Hot. King Kxp. 23 (Smiloirshln ' Cali/ornicti, (Jir.\y, I'mh*. Am. Arad. 
 iv. 520), is merely ;i form with exce|itionally short capsule.H. 
 
140 CRUCIFER^. Shi/mbrium. 
 
 Var. Sonnei, Kobinson, n. var. Leaves deeply bipinuatifid ; piuuae ovate or broadly 
 oblong, pinnules very short and broad, rounded at the ends : pods short, on moderately 
 spreaSug pedicels (3 or 4 lines in length). — Sierra Nevada Mountains at Truckee, Calif., 
 V. F. Sonne, July, 1890, no. 19. 
 
 Var. filipesrGRAV. Foliage more nearly of the type, but the segments of the upper 
 
 leaves tending to become elongattnl, linear, and' nearly or quite entire: fruiting raceme lax ; 
 
 pedicels 5 to 9 lines lung: capsules 5 to 7 lines in length. — PI. Fendl. 8; Brew. & Wats. 
 
 Bot. Calif, i. 41 ; Macoun, Cat. Canad. Tl. 47. S. hugepedicellatum, Fournier, 1. c. 59, excl. 
 
 syn. S. incisum, var. o, xerophilum, Fournier, L c. 64. — Carson City, Nevada, to Oregon 
 
 and Brit. Columbia. Reported by various collectors from S. California, but specimens so 
 
 labelled which have been received from that region are rather to be referred to the type. 
 
 § 4. Stenophr^gma, Celak. 1. c. (as genus). Leaves chiefly rosulate at base, 
 
 entire or serrate ; those of the stem few or reduced, sessile by a narrow base : 
 
 pubescence of branched hairs, not canescent: flowers small, white: siliques 
 
 slender, tetragonal-cylindric, sleuder-pedicelled : midrib of the septum so broad 
 
 and thin as to be wholly obscure. 
 
 S. Th.vliAnum, Gay. (Mouse-ear Cress.) A slender fibrous-rooted annual, a span high, 
 more or less branched : leaves oblanceolate, obtuse, an inch or two in length : pods purplish, 
 scarcely half inch long on spreading filiform pedicels of nearly equal length. — Ann. Sci. 
 Nat. ser. 1, vii. 399, in note ; Fournier, 1. c. 126 ; Gaud. Fl. Helv. iv. 348. Arahis Thaliana, 
 L. Spec. ii. 665; DC. Syst. ii. 226. Conrinrjia TA((//«h(i, Reichenb. Ic. Fl Germ. ii. t. 60. 
 Stenophruijma Thaliana, Celak. 1. c. — Frequent in dry light soil, Massachusetts to Georgia 
 and westward to Kansas; fl. in early spring. (Introd. from Eu.) Mr. Tliomas Meehan has 
 found the earliest flowers sometimes apetalous. 
 
 28. BRAYA, Sternb. & Hoppe. {Count F. G. de Bray, born at Rouen, 
 1765, ambassador to Bavaria and while there for some time president of the 
 Regensburg Botanical Society.) —Root single, usually thickish, bearing a multi- 
 cipital caudex. Leaves chiefly tufted at the base. Flowers white or puri)lish, 
 during anthesis commonly in a globular head. Fruit sub-terete or somewhat 
 compressed, varying in outline from lanceolate to linear : septum of peculiar and 
 characteristic structure, with cells thick-walled and elongated transversely or 
 very obliquely. — Regeusb. Denkschr. i. pt. 1, 65; DC. Syst. ii. 210; Benth. & 
 Hook. Gen. i.* 82. Plati/petalum, R. Br. in Parry 1st Voy. Suppl. to App. 
 26G. — Arctic and alpine plants of low growth, distinguished from Purri/a chiefly 
 by their smaller flowers and incumbent cotyledons, from the still more nearly 
 related Eutrema by the less leafy stems, less ancipital pods, larger and usually 
 bifid stigma, as well as by the branched pubescence and complete septum of 
 peculiar structure. [By B. L. Robinson.] 
 
 B. purpurascens, Bunge. Perennial from a stout fusiform root: leaves fleshy, spatu- 
 late, entire, glabrate, often ciliate toward the base, crowded upon the dense multicipital 
 caudex : stems one to several, usually leafless, half inch to three or four inches in height, 
 commonly more or less puberulent with rusty branched hairs : pods lanceolate or short- 
 oblong, stvle slender, nearlv half line in length ; stigma shortly but distinctly 2-lobed. — 
 Bunge in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. i. 195. B. ulpina of autliors as to Am. pi. so far as specimens 
 show, not of Sternb. & Hoppe, which has more slender p<jds in denser raceme, shorter styles, 
 and more entire stigma. B. nlpmn, var. Americana, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 65 ; Torr. & 
 Gray, Fl. i. 1 11. B. glabella, Richards, in Franklin 1st Jour. ed. 1, App. 743 (reprint, p. 15), 
 a fori'n with somewhat leafy stem and more elongated fruiting raceme. B. arctica. Hook, 
 in Parry, 2d Voy. App. 387. B. alplna, var. glabella, Wats. Bibl. Index, 51 . Plafijpetalum 
 purpwas'cevs, S^-P. dublum, R. Br. in Parry, 1st Voy. Suppl. to App. 267, & Flora, vii. pt. 1, 
 Beil. 71, 72. — Rocky Mountains, lat 52° to 57°, Drummwul, and Hudson Strait, Bell, to the 
 Arctic Sea. (Greenland, N. Asia, Spitzbergen.) 
 
Trojndocarjnim. CKUCIFKlLi:. Ml 
 
 B. pilosa, Hook. IVrcmiiiil, similar in lial.it to scapnse furins of the i.rocc<liiip sj.orios : 
 leaves densely clustered at the hase, linear-lanceolate, pilose ujioii hotli surfaces and inar;,'in, 
 chiefly with simple hairs: flowers considerahly larger than in the ht-^t, fragrant (od..r said' 
 to resemble that of the //7(;r). — Fl. Bor.-Ani. i 65, t. 17; Torr. & Crav, l-l. i. Ill; Seem. 
 Bot. Herald, 51. 1 /?. rosea, Bunge, Del. Seni. Dorp. I83'J ([.iniiiea, Lit.-Ber. 1840, 1 IH). — 
 "Sandy shores of the Arctic vSea at the mouth of the Mackenzie I{iver," Dr. Ui.'hanhon ; 
 coast west of Cape Bathurst, Pulltn, ace. to Scemann. 
 
 B. humilis, Hohixsov, h. sp. I'uhescent throughout with hrauched hairs: root single, not 
 strongly thickened : stems .several, si)reading-asceniling, simple or not infreijuentlv l.ranclied, 
 leafy, 2 inches to a sjjan high, terete, slender, wiry : leaves linear-oblong or spatulate, sul>^ 
 entire to shallowly sinuate-pinnatifid, chiefly basal ; the eauline rather small and remote: 
 flowers small, white or purplish : potls linear, terete, more or le.ss torulo.se, erect. 5 to 'J lines 
 in length; septum nerveless. — .SIsijmbrinm hiimile, C. A. .Mey. in I.edeb. Fl. Alt. iii. i;}7 ; 
 Fournier, Sisyml). i;5G; Ledeb. Ic. t. 147. Arnhis jietni tt. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 4:i ; (;rav,' 
 ]Man. eds.^ 1-5; not Lam.. /(VA; Wats. Bot. Gaz. xii. 200. — Willoughby Mt., Vermont! Mmin, 
 Dcmie, Grout & J'Ji/i/lfstnn, &e. ; Anticcsti, Pursh, Macoim, to Oregon, and northward to 
 Alaska, 6'/o«ey. (Siberia.) A species in habit, pubescence, and technical characters (jniie 
 as near IJrui/a as Sisyinbrium, and possessing the characteristic septum of the former genus. 
 Dr. Watson iu an herbarium note has expressed the opinion tiiat the American plant is 
 distinct from the Asiatic, but in what characters does not aj.pear. 
 
 29. TROPIDOCARPUM, Hook. (Tp6m,, keel, and Kap7r6,, fruit, from 
 the carinate valves of the capsules.) — A small Califoruian genus of slender erect 
 simple or sparingly branched more or less hirsute-pubescent annuals, reduci- 
 ble to three species. — Ic. t. 4.'5, 52; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 82 ; Davidson, 
 Erythea, ii. 179. — The fruit in T. duhium and T. cap-pandmm is highly 
 anomalous, even to the suggestion of monstrosity, and merits anatomical and 
 developmental study with more copious material. Aside from the fruit, satis- 
 factory characters for specific distinction are most difficult to define. The leaf- 
 outline, pubescence, length of pedicels, size of flowers, &:c., all vary gre:itlv but 
 as it seems independently of each other. [I>y 1>. L. Robinson.] 
 
 T, gracile, Hook. Leaves shallowly or deeply pinnatifid ; .segments acutish, cleft or entire, 
 very variable in number, form, and size ; the eauline leaves gradually reduced ; the spread- 
 ing jiedicels axillary, 3 to 10 lines long: pods lance-linear to linear, strongly obcomjires.sed 
 throughout; style slender ; seeds in 2 rows. — Hook. 1. c. t. 43 ; Torr. & Grav, Fl. i. 94; 
 Torr. I'acif. R. Rep. iv. 66; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 44. T . scahriuscultim. Hook. Ic. 
 t. 52 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c, ouly a roughish form. — Centr. and S. California, chiefly near the 
 coast. The septum of the fruit, not found by Hooker, appears to be regularlv present. 
 although very narrow. 
 
 ? T. dubium, Davidsox, 1. c. Closely similar in habit and foliage to forms of the preced- 
 ing: capsule linear, 2-celled and strongly obcompres.sed toward the apex, but 1 -celled and 
 with valves flattened below; both parts fertile; placentae 2. — W. California in vicinity of 
 Los Angeles, iVeiv«, Dariclsoii ; and Contra Costa Co. at Antioch. Branfierjee (collected 
 with T. (/racih); Byron Springs, Braudcfjee (collected with T. fjnirilc am\ T. cnpparidtum). 
 
 ?T. capparideum, Grisene. p'oliage mtich as in T. qrarile ; the upper leaves somewhat 
 more deeply parted and with longer subentire segments: fruit lance-oblong, 8 to 11 lines in 
 length, 2 lines in breadth, 1 -celled, O-nerved, 4-valverl, tipped with a slender .style; placentie 
 commonly 4, and seeils distinctly 4-seriate. — Pittonia. i. 217, & Fl. Franci.s. 278. — Alkaline 
 soil, Centr. California, at Lathrop, Lrmmnn, and Bvrnn Springs, Greenv, lirniidrqrr. The 
 fruit of this noteworthy plant is not only annm.alous iu the order, but nianife.<sts a tendency 
 to vary, being sometimes diviiled, sometimes .a.ssuming contorted forms, and commonly con- 
 taining a small capsule-like structure at the ba.se, as described and figured by Ma-^ters. (^iril. 
 Chron. New (2d) Ser. xvii. II, f. 1. However, many apparently fertile siiecimens have 
 been collected, and the species must lie retained .at lea.st until the de^el<>p^nent of the frnii 
 can have more careful siudv. 
 
142 CRUCIFER^. Greggia, 
 
 30. GRfiG-G-IA, Gray. (Dedicated to Dr. Josiah Gregg, an active botauical 
 explorer, who lived iu the first half of the century, and collected chiefly in 
 Northern Mexico.) — A genus essentially of the S. W. United States, a single 
 species being South American. Branching plants, somewhat frutescent at base. 
 — PI. Wright, i. 8, t. 1. «& ii. 13, also referred to but unnamed in PI. Fendl. 
 IIG; Benth. «fe Hook. Gen. i. 80; Prantl, 1. c. 193; not of Gairtn. nor p:iigelm. 
 Parrasia, Greene, Erythea, iii. 75, [By B. L. Robinson.] 
 
 G. camporum, Gray. Stellate-canescent, rauch branched from tlie base, a span to a foot 
 high, leafy : leaves obovate to obhuiceolate, shallowly few-toothed, or less frequently pinna- 
 tilid, narrowed to a slender base or winged petiole : racemes terminal, at first dense, becom- 
 ing lax ; pedicels widely spreading, often curved downward, 2 to 6 lines long: flowers liglit 
 yellow, changing to purple : sepals linear or oblong-lanceolate, exceeded by the broad petals 
 (4 lines long): capsule 6 to 12 lines iu length, \\ to 2\ lines broad, straight or curved 
 upwards. —ri. Wright, i. 9, t. 1, & ii. 13; Torr. & Gray, I'acif. R. Uep. ii. \b^; Torr. Bot. 
 Mex. Houud. 37 ; Coulter, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. iv. 20. Parrasia campoj-um, Greene, 
 1. c. — Dry talde-lands and calcareous hills of S. W. Texas. 
 
 Var. angustifolia, Coulter, 1. c. Leaves narrower, linear to linear-oblong, entire 
 or sul)eutire. — Occurring with aud passiug freely into the type. Abundant material of the 
 narrow-leaved form seems to show a complete transition to G. linearifolla, Wats. Proc. Am. 
 Acad. xvii. 321 {Parrasia linearifolia, Greene, 1. c), which can scarcely be maintained as 
 a species, since equally narrow pods and short styles are to be found with typical foliage of 
 G. camporum. 
 
 31. HfiSPERIS, Tourn. Rocket. ("Eo-Trepa, evening, the flowers being 
 thought more fragrant at that time.) — Attractive plants with flowers large and 
 showy for the order and sometimes fragrant. Natives of the northern temperate 
 regions of the Old World. — Inst. 222, t. 108; L. Gen. no. 588; DC. Prodr. 
 i. 188; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. ii. t. 57-59. — One species often cultivated 
 in country gardens has become locally established in America. [By B. L. 
 Robinson.] 
 
 H, matronAlis, L. (Dame's Violet.) Tall erect pubescent liiennial or perennial with 
 slender terete subsimple stem : leaves lancetdate, acuminate, or ovate-lanceolate, acutish, 
 denticulate ; the upper short-petiolcd or subsessile ; the lower long-petioled and sometimes 
 piniiatifid toward the base: petals purple, 8 to 10 lines long, much exceeding tiie erect 
 oblong sepals: capsules slender, a*:cending, nodulose, attenuate, becoming 4 inches in 
 length.— Spec. ii. 663; Hook. Fl. I?or.-Am. i. 59; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 90; Wats. & Coulter 
 in Gray, Man. ed. 6, 71.-— Hoadsides &c. ; fl. April to August. (lutrod. from Eu., Asia.) 
 
 32. ERYSIMUM, Tourn. Treacle Mi stard. (Classic Greek epvo-i/xoi/, 
 the name of a garden plant.) — A large genus, chiefly of the Old World, here 
 combined with CheirantJnis, from which it has been commonly but very unsatis- 
 factorily separated by its supposedly incumbent cotyledons, the accumbent posi- 
 tion being a.ssuraed for the latter genus. However, as the cotyledons are not 
 infrequently oblique and in some cases even vary from almost accumbent to in- 
 cumbent in the seeds of the same capsule, this character cannot form a basis for 
 generic division in the presence of much habital similarity and default of other 
 technical differences. —Inst. 228, t. Ill ; L. Gen. no. 545 ; DC. Syst. ii. 490, & 
 Prodr. i. 196 ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 149, t. G3 ; Reichenb. le. Fl. Germ. ii. t. 62-70 ; 
 Gay, Erys. Nov. Diag. ; Benth. & TTnr.k G.n. i. 79 ; Prantl, 1. c. Cheimvlhus 
 
Erysimum. CIILX'IFER.E. 143 
 
 L. Gen. no. 537; DC. Syst. ii. 178; Roiclienb. 1. c. t. 4.'); Bontli. & Hook. 
 1. c. 08; Prantl, 1. c. TJl. [By B. L. Koiunson.] 
 
 * Flowers small : jictals 2 to 2.1 lines loii;^, yclluw: siliques siibtcn-to, slmrt, ;') tn \() lines in 
 Icnixth : rotyleduus incumbent or nearly so. 
 
 E. Cheiranthoides, L. (Woum-skeu Mlstakd.) stem .«len.ler, erect, nearly tercto, 
 quite .simple or more frecjuently copiously liranclied above : leaves laiKXM^late, acute at each 
 end, entire or remotely and inconspicuously denticulate, l.j, to .'3 inciies lonf^, tliin, i^jreeu 
 upon both sides, very finely pubescent ; hair.s mostly trifid : fruitint^ |)edicel.s straiglit, fili- 
 form, widely spreading!;, about 4 lines long: capsule erect or spreading, glal)rous, tijjped with 
 a slender but very short beak ; di.ssejjiment only half line broad. — S\tw. ii. 60 1 ; J)C. Svst. 
 ii. 498 ; Wats. Bibl. Index, G."3. />. ;«(;(v7/ti/v/w, I'ers. Syn. ii. I'Jlt ; Nutt. tien. ii. 68. Slsi/m- 
 brinm chcinnit/ioidcx, Kat. & ^Vrigilt, X. A. Hot. 429. — Prclcrriiig rii-h moist .soil of river 
 bottoms, but also found in dry situations, common and with wide range, Newfoundland, 
 Robirison & Schreiik-, to N. Carolina, Citrtiss, ace. to C'liiri^nian, and across the continent to 
 Oregon, Howell, and Alaska, Meehan. 
 
 * * Flowers larger ; petals .3 to 12 lines long, yellow or orange (in E. a.yieriim sometimes 
 purple) : pods terete or 4anglcd, not strongly flattened, elongated (e.xcept in the fir.st spe- 
 cies), 1 to 4 inches long ; cotyledons incumbent (rarely very ol)li(iue oreven snbaccumbent). 
 
 •i— Petals 3 to 5 lines long. 
 E. parviflorum, Nutt. Erect perennial, 10 to 18 inches high, cinereous and scabrous 
 with appressed 2-p()inted hairs: leaves narrow, lance-linear or oblong-linear, mostly quite 
 entire; the radii'al crowded, sometimes repand-dentate : .sepals linear-oblong, acute, .3 lines 
 in length, little exceeded by the rather narrow sulphur-yellow petals : pedicels 2 to 3 lines 
 in length, spreading in fruit : silicjues slender, erect or nearly so, at maturity usuallv 1 to 2 
 inches long, scarcely contracted above but tipped with a short stout style and distinctly 
 2-lobed stigma. — Nutt. in Torr. & Gysly, Fl.'i. 95, not Pars, (which is K. chtimnthoides). 
 E. lanceokitum, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 64, not R. Br. ? E. hiemci folium, Hook. f. Arct. PI. 
 286, 319, so far as American specimens are concerned. E. aspenim, var. iiicoiisjiiniiim, 
 Wats. Bot. King Exp. 24. E. incoiispicuum, MacMillan, Metasp. Minn. Val 268. — Minne- 
 .sota, Srh7iette, to Colorado, Vas'';/, N. Nevada, ]V^ifson, Washington, (hrrur, and northward, 
 to Alaska. E. sip-ticolum (erroneous form for sijrticola), Sheldon, Hull. Torr. Club, xx. 28.5, 
 is probably from character a form of this species. 
 
 E. REPiNDUM, L., a gerontogeous annual with somewhat similar flowers, but repand-denticu- 
 latc leaves, and widely spreading usually curved pods, has been rather fre(|uently found about 
 Now Vork City and Philadelphia, but upon made land, &c , and doservos niontioii oidy. 
 
 ■)— -I— Petals longer, half inch or more in Icngtli. 
 E. asperum, D.C ( Western Wall-flower.) Erect biennial or perennial, somcwiiat 
 scaltrous and usually more or less canescent with minute mostly 2-3 ])ointed hairs: stem 
 commonly simjde, 2 inciies to 3 feet in height, angled, in favorable situations becoming thick 
 and pithy : leaves very varialde, lanceolate to linear, entire or repand-dentate or the lowest 
 pinnatifid, thickish and very canescent or thin and green : sepals oblong to linear, green, 
 pale yellow, or whitish : petals yellow or more usually orange, rarely purple, 8 to 12 lines in 
 length ; bhide broadly oljovate or snborbicular ; claw very slender, consiileraldy exceeding 
 the sepals : fruiting pedicels 2 to 6 lines long, spreading': cai)sule usually rather sharply 
 tetragonal, erect or more commonly widely spreading, 2 to ,5 inches in length, a line or le.ss 
 in breadth; style 1 to IJ lines long; stigma commonly broad, .somewhat 2-lohed ; seeds 
 oblong, brown, often slightly wing-appendaged at the end ; cotyledons incumbent or oblique. 
 — Syst. ii. 505; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 64, t. 22. E. lanreolati'im, Pursh, Fl. ii. 436. E. ns- 
 jieritm, var. Piirs/iii, Durand, Fl. Utah, 159. E. elatiim, Nutt. 1. c. E. n.yifriini, var. rhitum, 
 Torr. Pacif. R. Kep. vii. 7. E. as/icnim, var. }>fremu\ Wats, in Coville, Proc. IJiol. .Soc. 
 Washington, vii. 70, & Contrib. V. S. Nat. Herb. iv. 64. Chrir.nilhu^ <is/>rr, Nutt. (ien. ii. 
 69, not Cham. & Schlecht. 1 I/espcris /^tillasii. Porter & Coulter, 1 c. 9. — Rare, local, 
 and perhaps introduced in the East, I)ut abundant and widely distributed westward ; Mingnn 
 T.slands, (inlf of St. Lawrence, /.iiidrn: Columbus, Ohio, Snlliraiit : common from Illinois 
 to Texas, California, and iiorlbwanl to the Sa.-<kalihew:in. A hand.sonie and exceedingly 
 
144 CRUCTFER.E. Er 
 
 ysnuitiii. 
 
 polymorphous species, incapahle, however, of satisfactory division even into varieties. The 
 form of the leaves, pubescence, color of tlie fltiwors, and liimcnsious of every part exhibit 
 in specimens from different localities the most striking differences, but the variation of each 
 part is shown in a long series of specimens to be thorouglily independent of every other so 
 that varieties could have no more tiian formal value. Only two noteworthy forms need be 
 mentioned: var. AukansAnum, Gray (.Man. ed. 5, 69; J'J. Aik-ansanimi, Nutt. in 'I'orr. & 
 Gray, FI. i. 95 ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 150, t. 63), with leaves thin, lanceolate, and repaud-dontate, 
 and var. pumilum, Porter & Coulter (Fl. Col. 8 ; E. pumilum, Nutt. 1. c), a very small alpine 
 form, 2 to 6 inches high, with entire or subentire leaves ; possessing, however, no other 
 satisfactory difference from the taller form with which it intergrades. 
 
 E. insulare, Greene. Suffrutesccnt, pubescent with yery minute 2-pointed hairs : stem 
 stout, sharply angled, decumbent, profusely branched : leaves linear, crowded, attenuate and 
 often recur\ed at the tip, IK to 2^ inches long : infloresceiice^short ; pedicels in fruit stout, 
 somewhat angulatc, divaricate, 5 to 8 lines long; capsule erect, about 2 indies long, abruptly 
 contracted to a siiort style ; partitioiv a line in breadth ; valves sharply carinate ; stigma 
 disk-shaped; cotyledons often obliipie or nearly accumbent. — Bull. Torr. Club, xiii. 218; 
 Brandegee, I'roc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, i. 207. — Cuyler's Harbor, San Miguel Island off 
 S. California, Greene; Santa Rosa Island, Brandef/ee ; fr. June. 
 * * * Flowers large or medium sized : petals yellow or orange (in .&. aren/co/a unknown)- 
 
 pods more strongly flattened parallel to the broad i)artition; valves 1 -nerved or somewhat 
 
 keeled. 
 
 H— Cotyledons obliquety incumbent : capsule very gradually narrowed to a beak. 
 
 E. arenicola, Watson. Cespitose perennial with densely multicipital caudex : stems 
 several, terete, 6 to 8 inches high : leaves chiefly clustered at the base, very numerous, 
 olilauceolate, repandly denticulate, including petioles only li inches long, 2 to 3 lines wide, 
 pubescent with white appressed 2-3-pointed hairs : racemes short, rather few-flowered ; 
 pedicels 2 lines in length, spreading: sepals 4 lines long. — Proc. Am. Acad. xxvi. 124. — 
 Olympic Mountains, Washington, 5,000 feet alt., Piper ; fr. September. 
 
 -I— -1— Cotyledons accumbent : capsule rather abruptly contracted to a beak. 
 
 E. grandiflorum, Nutt. Biennial or perennial, erect, leafy, finely pubescent with ap- 
 pressed 2-parted liairs: stem 3 inches to 2 feet high, somewhat angled, becoming stout, 
 simple or le.ss frequently branched, sometimes from the base : leaves oblong, oblanceolate, or 
 spatulate to linear, attenuate below, quite entire or more or less deeply repand-dentatc : 
 (lowers at first subcapitate ; raceme elongating, in fruit sometimes a foot or more in length ; 
 pedicels variable, 2 to 8 lines long: petals about an inch in length, light yellow (rarely 
 white), with broad rounded blade : capsules 1 i to 4 inches long, 1 j: to 1^ lines broad ; valves 
 flattish, 1 -nerved; style ^ to 1 line long, stout ; stigma usually rather broad ; seeds brown, 
 oblong, sometimes margined but not winged. — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 96, 667. 
 E. rapitatum, Greene, Fl. Francis. 269. Cheiranthus asper, Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea, i. 14, 
 excl syn. C. cnpltatus, Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.i. 38. — A maritime and saline species 
 of the Pacific Coast, from the salt-works of Los Angeles Co., Calif., Mrs. Bush, and Santa 
 Rosa Island, Brandegee, northward to Curry Co., Oregon, Tlon-ell ; common. The recentlv 
 published E. Crdi/nrnicnm, Greene, Erythea, iii. 69, not seen by tlie writer, is a nearly 
 related (if not identical) species, not differing by satisfactory characters so far as described. 
 
 E. occidentale, Robinson, n. sp. Erect annual or biennial, 2 inches to U feet high, 
 finely pubescent with appressed 2-pointed hairs : stem becoming stout, angulate : leaves nar- 
 rowly linear to lance-linear, acute, attenuate to long .slender bases, entire or nearly so : 
 floral rhachis at first very short but becoming in fruit 4 to 6 inches in length, often branched 
 below ; pedicels stout, spreading, 2 to 4 lines long : petals lemon-yellow to deep orange, 8 to 
 10 lines long, much exceeding the pale narrowly oblong strongly saccate calyx : capsule 3 
 to 4 inches long, H lines broad, beaked wi;h a slender style (2 lines in length); stigma 
 small; seeds oblong, rather broadly winged. — E. aspcrum, var. pumilum, Wats. Bot. King 
 Exp. 24. Cheiranthus occidenfolis, Wats. Proc. Am. Acad, xxiii. 261. — Sandy soil, Carson 
 City, Nevada, Watson, to Oregon, Henderson, and Washington, Lt/nll, Suksdorf; fl. April 
 to Jnne. Readily distinguished from E.asperum by its broad flat pods, from E. grandiflorum 
 by its long stvle and. narrow leaves. 
 
Cochlcaria. CULX'IFKK.E. 140 
 
 ♦ * * * Flowers large, both the petals and sepals ileeji joirplo: poii slender but eonic- 
 what compressed ; cotyledons accumbent. 
 
 B. pygmseum, Gav. Dwarf biennial with simple stem and very numerous crowded linear 
 or narrowly lauce-liuear entire or few-toolliod leaves, jiulx'scent with a]>prcHsed 2-i>ointed 
 white hairs: inHorcsceuce very ileuse : sojials oblong stronjjly sjiccjite at the baso ; margins 
 thin, white ; petals 5 to 9 lints long : pr(ii<i'ls ;i.Hionding, 2 to 4 lines in lengtii : pods pube>«- 
 cent, scarcely tapering at all at the ap(;x ; stigma slightly 2-ltil>cil. — (jay, 1. c. 4. Cheiran- 
 thus pi/qnuKus, Adams, Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. v. 114. V. I'ulluini, I'ursh, Fl. ii. 43C. JIta/teria 
 pi/ymwa, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 60, t. 19. //. miuiTiui, Torr. & Uray, Fl. i. 90. II. Pallasii, 
 ToTT. & Gray, 1. c. 667. II. Ilookcri, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. i. 174. Sisi/mlirium j>i/f/iiiin(m, Trautv. 
 Act. llort. Petrop. i. 60. — Arctic America from Greenland to Alaska. (Siberia.) 
 
 33. COCHLEARIA, Touru. (Latin cochlear, .si)oon, from the form of the 
 leaves.) — Glabrous succulent herbs of Northern Hemisphere, chieHy boreal and 
 arctic, often maritime. — Inst. 215, t. 101; L. Gen. no. .028: DC Syst. ii. 3.08, 
 & Prodr. i. 172; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. ii. t. 17. — Considering its moderate 
 size, one of the most confused and difficult genera of the order. Until all mem- 
 bers of the group can be subjected to a thorough revision, the certain identifica- 
 tion of our American forms with the closely related European species is impossible. 
 However, as the occurrence of the European O. Anglica, C. Danica, and C. offi- 
 cinalis in Arctic America rests upon the high authority of Sir William Hooker, 
 Torrey & Gray, and others, it seems best to continue to (.'numerate them, although 
 no specimens from this continent in American herbaria can be cited as exactly 
 representing the typical gerontogeous forms. The remaining species are here 
 interpreted nearly as in Lange's careful treatment of the genus in his Conspect. 
 Fl. Groen. [By B. L. Robinson.] 
 
 C. Anglica, L. Radical leaves long-petioled, ovate or sub-orbicular, rounded at the base or 
 slightly and broadly cordate, subentire ; lower cauline leaves similar, short-petioled; the mid- 
 dle and upper ovate-oblong, sparingly and bluntly toothed, sessile by a more or less auricu- 
 late biise : capsule subglobose, reticulated with prominent veins. — Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 1128, 
 & Spec. ed. 2, ii. 903 ; DC. Syst. ii. 364 ; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 57 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 109. 
 — Antico.sti, J/rtcoim ; coast of Labrador to the Arctic Ocean and Alaska. A species dubi- 
 ously di.stinguished from the following by its reticulated capsule. 
 
 C. oflBcinalis, L. Very similar to the preceding in habit and technical characters: leaves 
 somewhat more inclined to be lobed, and the radical more deeply cordate : pods globose, 
 smooth or obsoletely reticulate-veine<i. — Spec. ii. 647; DC. 1. c. ; Hook. 1. c— Shores of 
 the Arctic Ocean, ace. to Hooker and others. Specimens with the large flowers of the 
 European form have not been seen from America by the writer. Onr commonest Cocfitearin, 
 however, extending from Vancouver Island, Macoun, to Abiska, corresponds in all essential 
 points with this species save in its smaller flowers and often more stunted growth, differences 
 a.'scribable perhaps to climatic influences. 
 
 C. tridactylites, Banks. Cauline leaves coarsely sub-trilobed with a single obtuse tooth 
 on e.ach side : silicels ovate-globose, as large as in the la.st ; style short, capitate ; seeds 2 to 
 4 in each cell. — Banks in DC. 1. c. 367 ; Hook. 1. c. — Labrador, lianlcs. No specimens 
 acce.^sible to the writer exactly represent this imperfectly described species (here charac- 
 terized from the original description). Enough are at hanfl, however, to show much varia- 
 tion in the toothing of tlie leaves without change of more essential characters, thus cjisting 
 much doubt upon the distinctness of a species separated npon this feature alone. Lange 
 may be right in referring the plant doubtfully to C. (innilandim, or it may be a form of 
 C. Anglica. 
 
 C. Ddnica, L. Leaves smaller than in the first two species, only 1 J to 2 or 3 lines in di- 
 anuter, " all pctiolate," deltoid, and hastately toothed at the kise : ca])8ule ov.ate to ellip 
 soidal, nearly or rpiitc a.'' lonij a? the pedicel. — Sj" • " 'I D.m. t. 100; Eng. Px'i 
 
 10 
 
146 CRUCIFEIM:. Coddearia. 
 
 t. 696; Hook. 1. c; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 110. — Shores of the Arctic Ocean, Parry, Franklin, 
 Back, accordiug to Jlooker. American specimens with deltoid leaves and all petiolate as in 
 tlie European specimens do not seem to be represented in the leading American herbaria. 
 
 C. Groenlandica, L. Radical leaves ovate or sub-orbicular, rounded or shallowl)' and 
 t)r(>adly corchite at the base, usually quite entire ; cauline narrowly elliptic to rliombic, sub- 
 entire or with a sliort touth or two upon each side of tiie narrowed subsessile or slender- 
 petioled base : capsule globose to ovoid, not strongly reticulated. — iSpec. ii. 647 ; DC. Syst. 
 ii. 366; Eng. Bot. t. 2403; Lange, Med. Gran. iii. 34, & Jour. Bot. xxvii. 39. — E. Arctic 
 America, Urinncll Laud, Greelif Exjied. (Greenland.) A low mostly small-leaved species. 
 Var. oblongifolia, Laxge. Taller and more rol)ust, 6 to 8 inclies high : cauline 
 leaves sessile, oblong ; the upper ones auriculate at tlie base. — Lange, 1. c. 35. C. oblomji- 
 j'olia, DC. Syst. ii. 363. — Across Arctic America from Greenland to Alaska. 
 
 C. f enestrata, R. Bk. Foliage much as in the preceding species : flowers small : capsule 
 more tlccidedly ellipsoidal, usually free from distinct reticulation ; seeds about 8 in each 
 cell.— K. Br. in Ross, Voy. 143, & Farry, 1st Voy. Suppl. to App. 266 ; DC. Syst. ii. 367 ; 
 Lange, 1. c. 36. Eitlrema Rossli, Spreug. Syst. ii. 880. —Across Arctic America from Alaska 
 to Ellesmere Land, WelherUl. (Greenland.) A species variously referred by authors to 
 C. Granlandica, C. Anylica, and C. officinalis. 
 
 34. NASTtJRTIUM, L., R. Br. (The classical Latin name of some 
 cress, from nasus, nose, and tortus, distortion, from the effect of its pungency 
 upon the nostrils.) — A genus widely dispersed over the globe, of annual, 
 biennial or perennial herbs, growing in damp or wet localities or truly aquatic, 
 glabrous or somewhat puberulent or hispid with simple hairs. Leaves usually 
 lyrately or pinnately parted or toothed, auricled at base. — L. Syst. ed, 1 ; R. 
 Br. in Ait. f. Kew. ed. 2, iv. 109 ; DC. Syst. ii. 187, & Prodr. i. 137 ; Reichenb. 
 Ic. PI. Germ. ii. t. 50-54; Gray, Gen. 111. i. t. 53.^ Roripa, Bess, in Gren. &, 
 Godr. Fl. Fr. i. 125, in part. [By S. Watson.] 
 
 * Petals white, exceeding the calyx : glabrous ])orennia]s. 
 -1— Pods linear ; stigma small, entire : a(iuatic with pinnate leaves. 
 N. OFFICINALE, R. Br. 1. c. 110. (Water Cress.) Stems spreading, rooting at the lower 
 nodes: leaflets 3 to 11 (or lateral leaflets none on the lowest leaves), from orbicular to 
 oblong lanceolate, more or less sinuate or rarely obtusely toothed : pedicels and pods divari- 
 cately spreading or somewhat reflexed : pods 6 to 10 lines long, acuminate, a little exceed- 
 ing the pedicels. — Sisymbrium Nasturtium, L. Spec. ii. 657.'^ — In running water and on wet 
 banks of brooks and ditches; widely distributed. (Nat. from Eu., Asia.) 
 ^_ ^_ Pods .short ; stigma broader than the .«tyle,lobed : leaves undivided or pinnatifid, or 
 the submer.«ed capillary-dissected. 
 N. laCUStre Gray. Aquatic : stems elongated, branching above : submersed leaves petio- 
 late and entire or pinnatifid, or mostly sessile and dissected into numerous capillary seg- 
 ments ; emersed leaves oblong, sessile, entire or denticulate or sometimes pinnatifid : pods 
 oblong to ol)long-obovate, obtuse, 2 or 3 lines long, shorter than the divaricate pedicels ; 
 slender style half as long or more ; septum nearly wanting. — Gen. 111. i. 132. N. nalans. 
 Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 39, not DC. N. natnns, var. Americana, Gray, Ann. Lye. N. Y. iii. 
 323. Cocklearia aqnatica, A. Eaton, Man. ed. b, 181. Armoracia Americana, Hook. & Am. 
 Brit. Fl. ed. 7, 29.» — N. Vermont and Montreal to S. Ontario and S. E. Minnesota, south- 
 ward to Florida and Louisiana. Tlie submersed leaves are deciduous and often take root in 
 the mud and start new plants. 
 N. (?) ArmorAcia, Fries. (Horse-radish.) Terrestrial, tall and stout : leaves crenate, rarely 
 ])iniiatifid ; * the radical very large, narrowly oblong-lanceolate to oblong-cordate or ovate- 
 
 1 Add syn. Rorippa, Scoil Fl. Cam. 520. Roripa of authors. 
 
 2 Add syn. Roripa Nasturtium, Scop. ace. to Rusby, Mem. Torr. Clul), iii. no. 3, T>. 
 
 3 Add syn. Roripa Americana, Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, v. 169. 
 
 4 Prof. Q. A. Davis, Bull. Torr. Club, xvii. 318, notes that-the pinnatilid leaves are regularly i-ro- 
 
Nasturtium. C'ltUCIFER.E. ]47 
 
 oblong ; . the uppermost linear and entire : pedicels slender, ascendinp : pods " globose " or 
 elliptical and somewhat obionipresaed, 2 lines long ; the cells 4-8-Heeded ; Htylc very sliort : 
 seeds smooth. — Fl. Scan. 65. Cnchlenrid Armnruria, \j. Spec. ii. (J48. Armorncia rusticana, 
 Gaertn., Mey. & Scherb. Fl. Wett. ii. 42G.* — An anomalous species; cultivated for its large 
 pungent roots, wliich are used a.s a condiment. An escape in moist grounds, and rarely 
 jicrfecting fruit. (Introd. from Ku.) 
 
 * ♦ Petals yellow or yellowi.-?h, exceeding the calyx : steins from jiercnnial tindergrt>und 
 rootstocks: leaves ])inuatc or jiinnatifid : pedicels usually 3 or 4 linrs long or more: style 
 often sleuder. 
 
 N. SYLVESTiu;, R. IJr. (Yellow Cuess,) Stems slender and flexuous, erect or decumbent, 
 
 1 or 2 feet high: leaves pinnate or deeply pinnatifid witli linear to oblong entire or tofjthed 
 or laciuiatc segments: pods narrowly linear, 3 to G lines long, obtusish ; style usually short 
 or the broad stigma subsessile. — 11. Br. in Ait. f. Kew. ed. 2, iv. 110. — lu wet mea«low.s, 
 JIas.-iachnsetts to Virginia; 2 rather rare. (Nat. from Ku.) 
 
 N. sinuatum, Nutt. Stems decumbent or more usually procumbent or prostrate, branch- 
 ing, i)al(' green, glabrous or slightly scurfy-pubescent : leaved more or less narrowly oblong 
 or oblanceolate, usually deeply and regularly pinnatifid ; the subc(pial oblong to deltoid 
 segments cntii-e or with one or two teeth : pedicels mostly divaricately spreading, sleuder, 
 
 2 to 5 lines long : pods oblong to linear, mostly 3 to 5 lines long, acute at both ends and 
 beaked by a slender style, more or less curved. — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 73 ; Brew. 
 & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 43. N. trachi/carjmm, Gray, Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. ii. 233 ; 
 a frequent form with the axis of the raceme, the pedicels, and pods more or less papillo.se- 
 puberulent, the pods sometimes densely so. — From the plains of the S;iskatchewan to 
 Minnesota and Arkansas, and westward to New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and E. < )regon.^ 
 
 Var. calycinum, Watsox, n. var. An extreme form of the papilhtsc-puberulent 
 condition with ov;itc pods (1 to H lines long). — N. cali/rinum, Eugelm. in Warren, Prelim. 
 Report, 18.").5-;)7, l.jfi, & Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. n. ser. xii. 184. — Sandy bottom of the Yellow- 
 stone, Montau.T, Il'n/dcii, 18.54. 
 
 Var. pubescens, Watsox, n. var. Very slender, pubescent throughout with a soft 
 woolly pubescence, the long lax racemes with long and very slender pedicels (3 to 6 lines in 
 length): ovary oblong-obovate, pubescent ; style as long. — On Sauvie's Island, Oregon, 
 J. Howell, 1884. 
 
 Var.* Columbiae, Scksdokf (as spec). Low and spreading, pubescent throughout : 
 leaves rather narrow: pedicels even in fruit scarcely exceeding the capsules; the latter 
 short-oblong (about a line and a half or two lines in length), densely pube.«cent with short 
 and rather fine scarcely papillose hairs. — Suk.sdorf , distr. 952. — Oregon, low gravelly 
 banks of the Columbia liiver near Biugen, Suksdorf, 1890, and earlier at Baker City, 
 Nevitts, 1875. 
 
 * ♦ ♦ Petals yellow or yellowish, rarely exceeding the short calyx : annuals or biennials, 
 with mostly lyrate leaves : style short and thick. 
 
 ■«— Pedicels usually 3 or 4 lines long : seeds tubercnlate. 
 N.* terrestre, R. Bk. Biennial, erect, branching, glabrous or rarely slightly pubescent: 
 lower leaves lyrate; the upper more or less deeply pinnatifid or toothed ; the lobes narn)wly 
 to broadly oblong, dentate: pods tnrgid, oblong, 2 to 4 lines long, usually very obtuse. — 
 R. Hr. inAit. f. Kew. ed. 2, iv. 110. A', palustre, DC.^ Syst. ii. 191 ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 132, 
 t. 53, f. 1-5. ?.V. amplu'biitm, of authors as to Am. pi., not of R. Br. Sisiivihrinm jHiliisIre, 
 L. Spec. ii. 637; Pursh, Fl. ii. 440.^ — Common in wet places from Arctic America to N. 
 
 duced in spring and autumn, while those with broador blades are developed in midsummer. Prof. 
 r>avis adds, 1. c. xx. 291, that tlie lower .stem-k'.aves arc invari.ibly piniiately dissectwl. 
 
 1 Ad<l syn. Roripa Armnmcin, Hitchcock, Spniii; Flw-Manli ittnn, 18. 
 
 2 Maine, 3/iM Furliifh ; Newfoundland. Robinson k firhrtiik; al.so reported from N. Illinois by 
 E. J. Hill, Bot. Gaz. xvii. 246. Add syn. Rori/io sylresfils IVs.-;. Ennm. 27. 
 
 8 Klikitat Co., Wa.shinpton, Suksdorf. Ailil syn. Roripa sinuala, Hitchcock, 1. c. 
 
 * The name of this species has been altered to the earlier combination, in acconlii: 
 jrcneral system of nomenclature .idopted in the work. 
 
 '■' Add syn. Roripo pnlustris. Hess. 1. c. 
 
148 CRUCIFER.E Naslurtium. 
 
 Carolina and westward to the Sierra Nevada and Oregon. (Mex., Greenland, ace. to 
 Lange; Eu., Asia.) 
 
 Var. hispidum, Fisch. & :Mkvi:k.i ]\iore or less hispid with short spreading hairs 
 or rarely ulal.rons : jwds short, mostly broadly elliptical or subglobose, 1 or 2 or rarely 
 nearly 3 lines long. — Ind. Seni. Hort.'l'etrop. iii. 1837, 41. iV. hisjiidum, DC. Syst. ii. 201. 
 Brachylobus liisimlus, Desv. Journ. IJot. iii. 183 (1814). Sisymbrium hispidum, Foir. Suppl. v. 
 161. — From New Brunswick to the Northwest Territory, Mucoun, and Oregon, IJall, south 
 to Florida and New Mexico ; the more common form eastward. Tetrapoma Imrbarecefolium, 
 Turcz., & T. Krapsianum, Fisch. & Mey. Iml. Sem liort. Fetrop. i. 1835, 39 {Camelina 
 barbar'eafolium, DC. Syst. ii. 517, Deless. Ic. Sel. ii. t. 70; T. pyri/hnne, Seem. Bot. Herald, 
 24, t. 2), is a very closely allied forni with globose or pyriform pods, which are often 
 abnormal in the number of carpels (2 to 6) and cells, as occasionally occurs also in var. 
 hispidum. It is a native of F^. Siberia and is found at Norton's Sound, Alaska, where it 
 may liave been introduced. 
 
 Var. OCCidentale, Watson, n. var. Glabrous or tlie auricles of the leaves sometimes 
 ciliate : ' pods stout, 4 to 6 lines long, not rarely 4-carpellary. — Shumagin Islands, Alaska, 
 Dull, to Brit. Columbia, Lyali, Macoun, and the Lower Columbia Valley, Ihill, Suksdorf, 
 Hoivell. ■ 
 
 ^ -f- Tedicels siiort (1 or 2 lines long, rarely more) : seeds tuberculate. 
 N. CUrvisiliqua, Nctt. Glabrous or slightly pubescent : stems branching, erect or decum- 
 bent : leaves oblauceolate, laciniately toothed or pinnatifid with broader and obtuser lobes : 
 pedicels short (rarely 3 lines long) : 'ilowers very small : pods linear-oblong, terete, straight 
 or usually more or less curved, very obtuse or acutish, 2 to 8 lines long ; stigma sessile or 
 on a short stout style. — Nutt, in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 73. N. lymtum, Nutt. 1. c, the form 
 with more lyrate leaves. Nuttall's specimens referred by him to this species are in part, 
 and as dest'ribed in Torr. & Gray, Fl., N. sinuatum ; one of the specimens in herb. Gray 
 represents the papillose form of that species.^ Sispnbrium curvisiliqua, Hook. Fl. Bor.- Am. 
 i. 61. — From Brit. Columbia to Lower California, Orcutt, and eastward to N. Nevada and 
 Northwestern Wyoming ; frequent. 
 
 Var. Nuttallii, W^atson, n. var. Flowers rather larger (petals 1 to 1^ lines long), 
 and the pods 4 to 8 lines long, on pedicels 2 to 4 lines in length. — iV. polymorphum, Nutt. 
 1. p. 74. _ In the Lower Columbia Valley, Nuttall, Suksdorf, Howell. 
 N. Obtlisum, Nutt. Usually low and depressed, glabrous or rarely subpubescent, branch- 
 *ing: leaves lyrately pinnatifid (or the upper oblong to narrowly lanceolate and subentire) ; 
 segments usually oblique and irregularly toothed : pedicels ascending, spreading or deflcxed, 
 1 to 2 lines long, obtuse, straight or nearly so ; style very short and thick. —Nutt. in Torr. 
 & Grav, Fl. i. 74.3 — From Keweenaw Co., Michigan, Farwell, Illinois, Missouri, and Texas, 
 west to Brit Columbia, Macoun, and S. California. 
 
 Var. spheerocarpum, Watson, n. var. Pods subglobose, about a line broad. — 
 N. spharorarpnm. Gray, Fl. Fendl. 6.* — Illinois to S. California. 
 
 Var. (?) alpinum, Watson. Alpine: pedicels more elongated (2 to 4 lines long): 
 pod^oliiong or oblong-ovate (2 to 3 lines hmg), beaked with a short style.— Bot. King 
 Exp. 15. — In the Uinta and Wasatch Mountains, Utah, Watson, ./ones, and on Fremont's 
 Peak in the Wind River Mountains, C. Richardson. 
 
 4- H- ^_ Pedicels short (1 or 2 lines long or less) : seeds pitted. 
 N. tanacetifolium, Hook. & Arn. Low and depressed or sometimes ascending, a foot 
 'high or less, branching from the base, usually somewhat scurfy-pubescent below : leaves 
 pinnately divided or Ivrate; segments very variable, more or less dee]dy and irregularly 
 toothed or often pinnatifid : pedicels spreading : pods cylindrical, straiglit or slightly curved, 
 4 to 7 lines long, acutisli, ascending or widely spreading; style short, a line long; seeds 
 
 1 Prof. N. L. Britten, Bull. Torr. Club, xviii. 267, and Prof. J. Macoun regard tliis variety as a 
 di.stinct species. Ad<l svn. Eoripn hispida, Britton, Mem. Toir. Club, v. 169. 
 
 2 Add syn. N. cernuum, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 74,/c?e Wats. Bibl. Index, 66. N. occuhn- 
 tale, Greene, Fl. Francis. 268. Roripa curvisiliqua, Beas&y, Jide Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, v. Kil*. 
 
 3 Add. syn. Roripa obtusa, Britton, 1. c. 
 
 * Add syn. Rnripn sphcerocarpa, Britton, 1. c. 
 
Barbarta. CKL'ClFEK.i:. 149 
 
 rudilish, rather obscurely and ij;regularly minutely pitted. — Hook. & Arn. in Hook- Jour. 
 Bot. i. 190. N. palustre, var. tarfuctti/ulium, DC. Syst. ii. 192. N. MitrujieUilum. Fiscli. & 
 Meyer, lud. Sem. Ilort. Petrup. iii. 1837, 41. N. WuUeri, Wood, Cliws-Hook, ed. of 1861, 
 288. '! Sis//mbriuiH taiuircii/'oHitm, Walt. Car. 174, not L. S. [Valleri, Ell. Sk. ii. 146. 
 S. (?) teres, Tort. & Gray, Fl. i. 0.'3. Vuidamhie teres, Mieli.x. Fl. ii. 2'J. — Sotith Carolina to 
 Florida and west to 'Pexjus and Mexico. What is ret-ognizcd its N. MexkAni;m, DC, of 
 Mexico, is a very similar species with somewhat stouter and ohtuser poils, often deliexcd, 
 and larger minutely tulterculate paler seeds. The West Indian N. brevipes, Griseh., how- 
 ever, may rather be regarded as a variety (insulurum) of N. /(inactli/ulium. Its seeds are 
 sinii^r in color and marking, but tiie pods are shorter ami the style very short or stigma 
 nearlv 
 
 N. sessiliflorum, Nitt. Glabrous, erect, branching, 2 feet high or less: leaves oblanceo- 
 liite. usually obtuse, coarsely toothed or lyrately piimatifid with few sliort segments: pedi- 
 cels very short (tiie lowest rarely I to 1^ lines long) : pods .spreading, tiiick and cylindrical, 
 3 or 4 lines long, obtuse ; style very short ; seeds minutely pitted. — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, 
 Fl. i. 73 ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 132, t. 53, excl. f. 1-5. N. limosum, Nutt. 1. c. — From Illinois 
 and Missouri to Georgia and Texas.i 
 
 Recently published species not seen Ity the editor. 
 N.* dictyotum, Greene. "Stout, erect, 2 to 4 feet high, hirsute-pubescent: nuemes 
 rather dense: pods ovate-lanceolate ; valves firm in texture, with strong tortuous midveiu 
 and anastomosing veinlets ; partition thick, favose-reticulate." — Fl. Francis. 268. liorijia 
 dicti/ota, Greene, Man. Bay-Kcg. 20 (whence the foregoing descr.). — " Marslies of the Lower 
 Sacramento." 
 
 RoufPA TENERUiMA, Greene. "Annual, weak ami decumbent, very .sparingly branching, 
 6 to 10 inches high, of delicate texture and glabrous : leaves few, lyrate-pinnatifid, the terminal 
 lobe acutish : rhachis of the few racemes almost capillary: pofls rather distant, suhconical, 
 slightly curved, the tapering apex surmounted by a considerable beak-like style; valves and 
 septum both very thin: seeds many, in 2 rows under each valve." — Erythea, iii. 46 (whence 
 descr.). —" Modoc Co., Calif., Mrs. Austin." 
 
 35. BARBAREA, R. Br. Winter Cress. (Name from Erysimum Bnr- 
 harea, L., the most common species, and sometimes called Herb of St. Barbara.) 
 — Chiefly biennials, soniewhat succulent, sharing most of the ch:iracters of 
 Nnstiirtium,, but with somewhat stouter habit, uiore elongated rigid capsules and 
 uniseriate seeds. — R. Br. in. Ait. f. Kew. ed. 2, Iv. 100; DC. Syst. ii. 205, «& 
 Prodr. i. 140 ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 147, t. 62 ; Roichenb. Ic. Fl. Giun>. ii. t. 47-49 ; 
 Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 68. — Spec, of difficult limitation. [By B. L. RobinbON.] 
 
 B. vulgaris, R. Bk. 1. c. (Common Winter Cress, Yellow Rocket.) Stems erect, 
 furrowed-aiigulate, simide or corymbosely branched, leafy, 1 to 3 feet high: radical leaves 
 anil lower cauline usually pinnately parted ; the terminal segment ovate or orbicular, 
 rounded at tlie apex and varying from cuneate to cordate at the ba.sc, entire or with a few 
 rounded teeth or lobes ; lateral segments very variable, usually about 3 (0 to 5) pairs, oblong, 
 entire or toothed ; petioles auriculate-appendagcd at tlie base ; upper leaves simplified, 
 oblanceolate, cut-tootlicd, sessile, clasping at base : flowers in a short douse oblong raceme, 
 bright yellow : petals nearly or quite twice as long as the sepals : jiods from the first ascend- 
 ing or suberect u))on more or less sjjreading pedicels. — DC. Syst. ii. 206, in part. Barharen 
 B(trb(trea, MacMillan, Metasp. Minn. Val. 259. Erijsimuiii fiarhtireo, L. Spec. ii. 660; Fl. 
 Dan. t 985; Eng. Rot. t. 443. — Moist meadows, brooksides, &c. ; in America chiefly the 
 formal variety auctAta, Fries (Consp. fa.sc. vi. no. 17), witli inflorescence somewhat lax 
 and elongated even in anthesis and ydung pods rather widely spreading and more or le.ss 
 curved ; a form common in the Northern au<l Middle States across the continent and north- 
 ward to Labrador and Alaska, and on tiie Raciflc SIojk' south\\urd to Lower Calif.. Omiit. 
 (Ea., Asia.) 
 
 1 Near Richmond. Va., Churchill. Add .,jni. Roripa seSDiliJlortii Hitchcock, 1. c. 
 
150 • CliUCIFElLE. Uarbarea. 
 
 B. Stricta, Andrz. In its varialile foliage not satisfactorily distinguishable from the jire- 
 coding : Uowers smaller, paler yellow, during anthesis closely aggregated and subcorymbose : 
 petals usually not over a third or half longer than the calyx : pods mostly appressed to the 
 elongated rhachis. — Andrz. in Bess. Enum. 72 ; Keichenb. Ic. Fl. (ierm. ii. 47. B. parvi- 
 Jiora, Fries, Novit. ed. 2, 207. B. vitlrjaris, var. stricta, Gray, Man. ed. 2, 35. — Same range 
 as tiie last, and eastward the commoner species. A noteworthy fruiting form nf this 
 species or perhaps distinct plant has been collected at Se.ittle, Wash., Piiwr. It lias 
 elongated rather loose racemes of very siiort erect pods (4 to 7 lines long), and bears a close 
 resemblance to specimens from Central France 
 
 B. PR.ECOx, R. Br. 1. c. (Eakly Wixtkk Ckess, Scurvy Grass.) Very similar in liabit 
 and floral characters : radical leaves usually iuterru])tedly pinnate ; segments more numer- 
 ous, 4 to 8 pairs, commonly with smaller ones between the larger: siliques longer, often •!]-, 
 inches in length, larger and firmer in texture : valves more strongly carinate ; fruiting 
 pedicels very .stout. — Chapm. Fl. ed. 2, 606; Wats. & Coulter in Gray, Man. ed. 6, 71. — 
 Somewhat established in tlie Middle Atlantic States and southward, having escaped from 
 cultivation as a salad plant. (Introd. from Eu.) 
 
 36. IODANTHUS, ToiT. & Gray. ('ItuSi^s, violet-colored, and av^09, 
 flower.) — A small AuKTican genus of rather doubtful ailinities ; but ou account 
 of its stigma elongated over the placenta?, its distinctly flattened jiods and nearly 
 accumbent cotyledons, not to be united with Thehjpodium, to which it has been 
 reduced.' — Fl. i. 72 (under Cheircnithus) ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 133, t. 54 ; Proc. 
 Am. Acad. vi. 188; Benth. «& Hook. Gen. i. 70; Prantl, 1. c. 183. Under 
 Thelypodium, Wats. Bibl. Index, 73: Wats. & Coulter in Gray, Man. ed. 6, 
 72. — A single described sjDCcies, but probably with a Mexican congener. [By 
 B. L. RoiiiNSON.] 
 
 I. pinnatifidus, Steud. Erect, slender, leafy, glabrous, often branched above : root a 
 cluster of tough fibres : radical leaves ovate, rounded at the base or cordate, slender-petioled ; 
 the cauline ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at each end, usually sharply and often doubly 
 serrate, sometimes merely repand ; the upper sessile by narrow auriculate bases; the lower 
 petiolate and occasionally pinnate, bearing 1 to 3 pairs of small leaflets near the base : 
 sepals li lines long, le.'ss than half the length of the spatulate .slender-clawed purple petals : 
 fruit 9 to 1.5 lines long, short-pedicelled, tipped with a slender style, widely spreading in 
 elongated racemes. — Nomencl. ed. 2, 812; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. vi. 188; Wats. Bot. 
 King Exp. 19; Prantl, 1. c. I. hesperidoides, Torr. & Gray in Gray, Gen. 111. i. 134, t. 54, 
 & Man. 33 ; Chapm. Fl. 25. Ffesperis ;M'nna<//?rfa, Michx. Fl. ii. 31. Cheiranthus hesperi- 
 doides, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 72. Arnhis hesperidoides, Gray, Man. ed. 5, 68. — Rich .soil, 
 W. Pennsylvania, Porter, to Texas, Lindheimer, and northward to Minnesota; fl. June; fr. 
 July and August. 
 
 37. DRYOPETALON. Gray. (Name from ^ph, an oak tree, the lobod 
 petals resembling an oak leaf in outline.) — A branching annual with lyrately 
 pinnatifid mostly radical leaves and pubescence of simple hairs. Petals white. — 
 PI. Wright, ii. 11. Dnjopetalum, Prantl in Engl. c<c Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. 
 Ab. 2, 183. — A southwestern monotype. [By S. Watson.] 
 
 D. runcinatum, Gray. A foot high, glabrous above, more or less villous below with 
 siircadiiig liairs (sometimes short and dense) : .segments of the leaves irregularly rounded to 
 oblong, coarsely and acutely or sinuately toothed, of the cauline leaves narrower: pedicels 
 of the elongating racemes alender, divaricate, usually equalling the flowers, in fruit 2 to 8 
 lines long: jjetals 5-7 -toothed, 2 to 3 lines long: pods very narrow, nearly straight, spread- 
 ing, 1 to U inches long. — PI. Wright, ii 12, t. 11 ; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 32. — Moun- 
 tains of W. Texas. Thnrher ; S. Arizona, Wright, Thurber, Palmer, Greene, Parish, Pringle. 
 (The type from Chihuahua, Wriijht.) 
 
Parrya. CKrClFEK/E. 151 
 
 38. PLATYSPilfcRMUM, Hook. (Or. TrXarv?, broad, and o-Tre'p/xu, seed.) 
 — A single species, u sleiuk-r (!:irly siiring nnnuiil of the valleys of the- Gn:a 
 Basin — Fl. Bor.-Am. i. GH, t. IH, f. li. [By S. Watson.] 
 
 P. SCapigerum, Hook. 1. c. Scapes I lit (» iiiclms liifjh in fruit: l(,.>.r. ^in.iu, .>i..i.i. 
 Tiiiiiiatiliil with IVw lolios, often iL-iliiced to a sinj^le rlioiiihii' or ovate tooihe<l or entire loin; 
 uijciu a sk'udir jjetiole : flowers aljout a line long: petals varying fr<jni narrowly obovatc to 
 liuear-spatnlate : jtod 3 to 5 lines long, 8-12-!*eeiled. — In the dry interior region, from 
 Klikitat County, Washington, to the Carson River, and eastward to the Clear Watvr, 
 Spalilin;/, and Kootenai County, Idako, Geyer. 
 
 39. SEL^INIA, Nutt. (Gr. aeX-^vi], tlie moon, in allusion to the near 
 relation of the genus to Lunavia.) — Septum oceasionally perforate or nearly 
 wanting. Seed-coats thick and sometimes separate. Species with golden yellow 
 flowers, blooming in spring. — Jour. Acad. Thilad. v. 132, t. G; Torr. & Gray, 
 Fl. i. 99 ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 157. [By S. Watson.] 
 
 S. aiirea, Nutt. 1. c. Branching usually from the base, a span high or less : leaves pinnati- 
 sect ; the narrow lobes entire oi with one or two coarse teeth ; floral Idaves similar : pedicels 
 ascending, a half to one inch long : sepals unappenctaged : pod about six lines long and two 
 or three lines broad. — Torr. & Gray, 1. c. ; Hook. f. Hot. Mag. t. 6607. — On wet prairies, 
 from S. VV. Missouri and S. E- Kansas to the Arkan.sas River. 
 
 Vstr. aperta, Watson, u. var. Pedicels divaricate : jtods broadly elliptical (6 to 8 
 lines long), with a style 4 to 6 lines long; septum reduced to a narrow margin. — S. aurea, 
 var. $, Torr. & Gray, 1. c. ; Gray, 1. c. t. 67. — Near St. Augustine, Texas, Ltiucuicorth. 
 
 S. dissecta, Tokk. Low (3 to 6 inches high), very leafy and flowering from the >)ase : 
 leaves doubly pinnatisect : outer sepals much the larpjer, appeudaged near the apex : pod 
 obloug-obovatc, an inch long or less and 5 or 6 Hues wide ; the style 1 to 4 lines long : seeds 
 nearly .3 lines broad. — Pacif. R. Rep. ii. 160, t. 1. — In extreme Western Texas; near the 
 mouth of Delaware Creek, Capt. Pope, and prairies south of Ft. Davis, Dr. Uacard. 
 
 40. PARRYA, R. Br. ( Capt. W. E. Parry, upon whose first voyage for 
 the discovery of a northwest passage, in the years 1819-20, the species upon 
 which the genus was founded was collected.) — North American and Asiatic 
 perennials with branching caudex and naked scape-like peduncles, glabrous or 
 rough-pubescent. Ten Asiatic species are described, but they vary much in their 
 cliaracters and several of them are imperfectly known. Tlie genus is here 
 
 ■ characterized according to the more typical species. — R. Br. hi Parry, 1st Toy. 
 Suppl. to App. 268 ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. G7 ; Regel, Enum. PI. Semen<>\ . 
 Suppl. ii. 20. [By S. Watson.] 
 
 §1. Paurya proper. Stigma distinctly 2-lobed : seeds margined and cotyle- 
 dons strictly accumbent : scape naked. 
 
 P. arctica, R. Bit. Dwarf, glabrous : the slender branches of the cauilox very short : leaves 
 short, linear-oblanceolate : scape becoming 2 or 3 inches high in fruit: pod nbloiiL' (♦' t" '.' 
 lines long), obtuse, beaked l>y the very short nearly sessile stigmas, 6 to 8-sfeded, sprcaiiinir : 
 seeds with loose rugose testa. — R. Br. 1. c. 260, t. B. — Islands and co.v«t of Antic 
 America, cast of the Mackenzie River. The Siberian specimens referred to this species by 
 Regel belong to the next. 
 P. macrocarpa, R. Br. Caudex stout; the branches usually covered with the remains of 
 dead leaves : leaves ol)long- to linear-oblanceolate, 2 to 4 inches Ion*,' inclmling the long 
 petioles, usually coarsely and sharply toothed, glabrous or more or Ics.'i rough -pubescent 
 tliroughout with short stiff glandular hairs: scape 2 to 6 inches high : flowers birgc : pods 
 ascending, acute and t)eakedwiil' .l.i,,l. r style, an inch ..r twi. l.-ii'v (".-;< smi..! : sccis 
 
152 CKLC1FEK.E Panya. 
 
 broadly winged. — R. Br. 1. c. 270. Canlamme nudicaulis, L. Spec. ii. 6.54. Arabis nudi- 
 caulis .& Hesperis scapifjera, DC. Syst. ii. 240, 4.54. Newoloma nudicaule & scapiyerum, 
 DC. Prodr. i. 156. Pai-ri/a nurf/ctju/j'j,-, Kegel, Hull. Soc. Nat. Mosc xx.\iv. pt. 2, 176. — 
 Alpiue peaks of the Uinta Mountains, Utah, Wnlsun ; Alaska, from the IShuinagiu Islands, 
 Huninyton, to the Arctic Coast. (Kamtschatka to Arctic Russia, Thibet, and Afghanistan.) 
 
 § 2. PiioiNiCAULis. Scape leafy : stigma nearly entire and capitate : seeds 
 immarginate ; cotyledons obliquely accuuibent. — Nutt. (us genus) in Torr. & 
 Gray, Fl. i. 89. 
 
 p. Menziesii, Greene. Caudex stout ; the branches covered with remains of dead leaves : 
 leaves spatulate or oblauceolate, acute or obtuse, densely tomeutose both sides with fine 
 stellate i)uliescence, entire, 1 to 4 inches long; the petioles often nearly glabrous : scapes 
 twice longer than the leaves, nearly glabrous ; bracts sessile, oblong to linear-lanceolate, 
 acute or obtuse ; raceme many flowered : pods spreading, 1 to 2 inches long, attenuate to the 
 slender style, glabrous, 2-4-seeded. — Fl. Francis. 253. Hesperis Menziesii, Hook. FL Bor.- 
 Am. i. 60; Hook. & Am. Bot. Beech. 322, t. 75. Phcenicaulis cheiranihoides, Nutt. 1. c.i 
 Cheiranthus Menziesii, Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 68; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 35. — From 
 the Lower Columbia River and E. Oregon to N. W. Nevada, and iu the mountains to Alpine 
 Co., California. 
 
 Vax. lanuginosa, Wat.<on, n. var. Pubescence more loose and woolly. — Lower 
 Columbia \' alley east of the Cascades, Douglas, Suksdorf; near the mouth of the Chelon, 
 WatsMi ; and iu Sierra Co., Calif., Lemmon. 
 
 41. LEAVENWORTHIA, Torr. {Dr. M. C. LeavenwortK U. S. A., 
 the discoverer of the first species, a botanist and early collector in Florida, 
 Louisiana, and Arkansas.) — Species very similar in habit. Peduncles all radical 
 and 1 -flowered (1 to 6 inches long) or branching (a span high or less), with, one 
 or two leaves toward the base, and decumbent. Seeds with a firm thick testa, 
 very minutely tuberculate. — Ann. Lye' N. Y. iv. 87; Gray, Gen. Ill, i. 139, &, 
 Bot. Gaz. v. 25. [By S. Watson.] 
 
 * Cotyledons round-cordate ; radicle straight. 
 
 L. aurea, Torb. Leaves with few (1 to 7) mostly sinuate lobes: petals emarginate, 4 to 6 
 lines long, "yellow" or white to purplish with a yellow base: pod not torulose, oblong to 
 linear, 5 to 12 lines long including a slender style 1 or 2 lines long, 4-14-seeded. — 'J'orr. 
 1. c. 88, t. 5, f. 1-8; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 140, t 57. L. Michanxii, Gray, Man. ed. 2, 31, in 
 part. — N. Alabama, Leavenworth, HatiJi, Peters; Tennessee, Buckley; " Fort Towson," 
 Arkansas, and at "Irish Bayou settlement," N. W. Texas, Leavenworth. 
 
 * * Cotyledons broad-oval ; radicle applied very obliqnely to th©ir base 
 
 L. Michauxii, Torr. Leaves with usually numerous (7 to 15) acutely toothed lobes: 
 petals subtruncate, 2 to 4 lines long, white with a yellowish claw or purplish : pod not 
 torulo.se, oblong to linear, 6 to 15 lines long, with a short stout style (a line long or less), 
 4-18-seeded: seeds rather larger. — Torr. 1. c. 89, t. 5, f. 9-11; Gray, Bot. Gaz. v. 26.-^ 
 Cfirdamine ?/n//7o?-rt, Michx. Fl. ii. 29. — Tennessee, about Knoxville, Michaux, and near 
 La Vergne and Nashville, Gattinger; barrens of Kentucky, Short ; Clarke Co., Indiana, 
 CouUer ; St. Louis Co., Missouri, Lettermnn. 
 
 L. Stylosa, Gray, i.e. Leaves usually about 7-lobed : petals yellow, emarginate, 4 lines long : 
 pods not torulose, oblong, 4 to 8 lines long, not including the slender style (2 to 4 lines long), 
 G-8'.seeded. — In wet places in cedar barrens near La Vergne, Rutherford Co., Tennessee, 
 
 Gattinger. 
 
 L. torulosa, Gray, 1. c. Leaves few-many-lobed : petals purplish with a yellow base, 
 emarginate, 3 or 4 lines long: pods torulose even when young, linear, 8 to 15 lines long 
 
 1 Add SJT1. PhmnlcauUs Afenziesii, Greene, Bull. Torr. Club, xiii. 143. 
 
 2 Add syn. L. unijlora, Britten, Mem. Torr. Club, v. 171. 
 
Denlarla. ' CKL'CIFKILE. 153 
 
 iucluding a stout style a line or two iu length, 4-U-seeiled. — L. aurea, Hook. f. Bot. Mag. 
 t. 5730. — Barrens of Kentucky, 67ioW; near La Vergno and about N;i«liville, Tennesht-e, 
 
 GuUiiir/er. 
 
 42. DENTARIA, Tourn. Toothwout, Peiter-uoot. (Latin dens, a 
 tooth, from the tootlied rootstocks of some of the species.) — Nearly or quite 
 glabrous perennials, gro\vin<j in damp woods, and hlooming in early sj»ring, rarely 
 fruiting; flowers large. Distinguished from Cardumine (with whic:h it has heeu 
 united by R. Brown and Bentham «& Hooker) most obviously bv its habit. 
 Tlie foliage of many species is very variable. The stem is rarely branched, and 
 the styles are usually slender and elongated. The remaining spei-ies are con- 
 fined to temperate regions of Europe, with a single species in Kastern Asia ; none 
 are arctic or alpine. — Inst. 22.5, t. 110; L. Gen. no. 040; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 
 137, t. 56; Keichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. ii. 30-32. [By 8. Watson.] 
 
 * Kootstock elongated : leaves 3-foliolate: species of tlie Atlantic States and Mi!<.si.x«ij(pi 
 Valley. 
 
 D. diph;^lla, Micnx. (Pepper-root.) Rootstock several inches in Icngtii, often hranched, 
 stiimgly toothed at the numerous nodes: cauline leaves two, apjiroximatc or opposite; tlie 
 leaflets very shortly petiolulate, ovate or oblong-ovate, sometimes ol)scurely lobe<i, coarsely 
 crenate, the teeth al)ruj)tly acute, glabrous or sparingly liispid on the veins beneatii, often 
 minutely scabrous on the margin, 1 to 4 inches long : peduncle glabrous: petals white or 
 pale purple: pods "au inch long, the style a third of the whole or more." — Fl. ii. 30; 
 Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 146.5; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 87. D. bifolia, Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med iii. 
 443. Curdamine diphylla, Wood, Bot. & Fl. 37. — Nova Scotia to South Carolina, and west- 
 ward to Minnesota and Kentucky. 
 
 * * Kootstock tuberous, more or less moniliform. 
 
 ■i— Cauline leaves divided (rarely all entire iu A ddi/ornica). 
 
 ++ Eastern closely related species. 
 
 D. laciniata, Miul. Tubers usually not jointed, nor prominently tuberdcd, becoming 
 longitudinally sulcate : peduncle often pubescent and margin of the leaves scabrous, as in 
 the following species: cauline leaves three or two, usually verticillate or apjiroximatc, 
 divided or parted into three segments ; the lateral segments often dee])ly 2-lobcd, all broadl v 
 oblong to linear, more or less laciniately toothed (very rarely entire), I to 4 inches long'; 
 basal leaves similar : petals pale rose-color to white ; pods an inch long or more, not includ- 
 ing the style (3 to 6 lines); seeds orbicular or oblong; cotyledons very unoqual, one verv 
 thick, the other very small, half the length of the acute radicle, which is cleft to the middle. 
 — Muhl. iu Willd. Spec. iii. 479; Barton, Fl. N. Am. iii. 4, t. 72; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. sfi, 
 excl. var. 5. I>. ronratenata, Michx. 1. c. Cardumine laciniata, Wood, 1. c. 38. --From 
 Quebec to Ontario and Minnesota, and southv/ard to Florida and Louisiana. 
 
 Var. multifida, J. F. James. Tubers deej>seated and slems erect in fruit: a slondi r 
 form with the narrowly linear segments of the leaflets usually more or less divided into 
 linear lobes. — Bot. (iaz. xiii. 2.34. D. multijida, Muhl. Cat.fiO; Torr. & Grav, 1. c. 87. 
 D. dissecta, Leavenworth, Am. Jour. Sci. ser. 1, vii. 62. Cardumine multijida, Wood, 1. c. 
 not Pursh. — N. Carolina and Georgia to Tennessee and Alabama. 
 
 D. heteroph;^lla, Nctt. Tubers jointeil, narrowly oblong, or lhick-<lavate, with scattered 
 prominent " eyes " or tubercles : le;vvcs two (rarely three), opposite or alfiTn:ite, 3-folioIate ; 
 leaflets distinctly petiolulate, oblong-lanceolate to linear, entire or rather deeply cnnatc, 
 rarely laciniate or lobed, 1 to 3 inches long; b.wal leaves with ovate or sometimes lanceo- 
 late leaflets, usually lobed or crenate: i)ods nearly as in the liist; seeds orbicular ; cotyle- 
 dons equal in length, one narrower by the tbiikiiess of the acute ra<Iicle. which is cleft to 
 above the middle.— Gen. ii. 66; Torr. & (iray. Fl. i. 87. Cardamine /irteropfii/lla, Wo<k1, 
 1- c. — Pennsylvania to Georgia and west to Kentucky and Teuuessee ; said to bloom a week 
 later than the jjreceding sj)ecies. 
 
154 CRUCIFERyE. Dentaria. 
 
 D. maxima, Nutt. Tnbers near the surface and stems reclined in fruit : leaves two or 
 three, alteruate, 3-foliolate ; leaflets ovate or oblong-ovate, coarsely toothed and somewhat 
 cleft or lobed, 1 or 2 inches long: pods as in i>. laciniata; seeds round-oblong; cotyledons 
 uneciual, the smaller cuneate-obloug, half as wide as the larger ; radicle acute and curved 
 cleft to the middle. — Gen. ii. 66 ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 138, t. 56. D. laciniata, var. 5, Torr. & 
 Gray, Fl. i. 86. Cardamine maxima, Wood, 1. c. — Vermont, Morgan, to Pennsylvania aud 
 Western New York ; said to bloom two weeks later tiian D. laciniata. Nuttall's original 
 specimens from Pennsylvania and W. New York are described as two feet tall and with five 
 to seven leaves. Nothing corresponding to this appears to have been found since. The 
 single small specimen, so named by Nuttall in the herb. Brit. Mus., from Pennsylvania, 
 has a pair of soj)arafe ternate leaves aud probably belongs to this species or possibly to 
 D. diphijila. 
 
 ++ ++ Western species. 
 
 D.* macrocarpa, Ni'tt. Glabrous or slightly pubescent : stems simple, 4 to 15 inches high ; 
 joints of the rootstock about an inch long: leaves 1 to 3, approximate, shortly petiolate, 
 palmately or pinnately 3-5-parted or -divided, the segments linear to oblong, entire, obtuse 
 or acute, ^ to 2 inches long; basal leaves sometimes merely lobed or cleft; the leaflets 
 sessile or petiolulate, often 3-5-lobed or -toothed: raceme usually nearly sessile: flowers 
 purple or rose-color; pods one or two inches long (including the style, usually 3 lines long) 
 and a line l)road ; stigma capitate aud entire ; seeds oblong ; cotyledons somewhat unequal ; 
 the oblique radicle cleft to the base. — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 88; Brew. & Wats. 
 Bot. Ciilif. i. 30. D.tenella, Brew. & Wats. 1. c. as to pi. Calif.; Wats. ms. of present work, 
 not Pursh. D. (/emmala, Wats, as to pi. of Howell, Pacif. Coast PI. 1887 (not as to type 
 which was later identified with D. tenella). Cardamine Nuttallii, Greene, Bull. Calif. 
 Acad. Sci. ii. 389. C. ^remHia/n, Greene, Pittonia, i. 162. — N. California (Plumas aud 
 Siskiyou Counties) to Brit. Columbia, Li/all.^ 
 
 Var.* pulcherrima, Robixson, n. var. Flowers larger than in the type ; petals 6 to 
 8 lines long, 4 to 5 lines broad. — Cardamine •pulcherrima, Greene, Erythea, i. 148. — Mosier, 
 Oregon, T. Howell. Very nearly related species, if distinct at all, are the following: 
 CaudAmine sinuIta, Greene, 1. c, with suborbicular sinuate-dentate radical leaves aud roots 
 said to be tuberous, from. Crescent City, Calif., T.IIoicell, and (?) Cow Creek Mts., Oregon, 
 Henderson; also C. quekcetouum, Howell, Erjiihea, iii. 33, witli radical leaves 3-foliolate; 
 leaflets ovate to elliptic-oblong, dentate, from Silverton, Oregon, T. Howell. In their flowers, 
 young fruit (so far as known), cauline foliage, and general habit, these plants sliow such 
 a close resemblance to each other and to more robust forms of D. macrocarpa, that the 
 specific distinctions, derived chiefly from the subdivision of the radical leaves (iu this genus 
 notably inconstant), appear very doubtful. Good specimens of the roots (not at hand) may 
 furnish better distinctions. 
 
 D.* tenella, Pursh. Rootstock bearing small irregular tubers : basal leaves simple, rouud- 
 cordate, coarsely crenate or sinuate, one or two inches broad ; the petiole bearing usually 
 several clusters of bulblets : stem 6 to 12 inches high, with one or two nearly sessile 3-folio- 
 late leaves, sometimes bulbiferous in the axils ; leaflets linear-oblong or linear, obtuse, entire, 
 ^ to 2i inches long: raceme sessile or shortly pedunculate : flowers rose-color: pods an inch 
 long and a line wide, with a slender style tipped with a broad distinctly lobed stigma. — 
 Fl. ii. 439 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 87. D. 'tenuifolia. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 46, not Ledeb. — 
 Banks of the Columbia, Lewis ; Washington, KlikitafCo., Suksdorf, Upper Nesqually Val., 
 Alic.r). 
 
 D. Calif ornica, Nutt. Tubers of the submoniliform rootstock mostly small : stem ^ to 2 
 feet high, rather stout, simple or branched above, glabrous or slightly pubescent : foliage 
 very variable ; basal leaves entire or 3-foliolate ; the leaflets petiolulate, suborbicular, cune- 
 ate to subcordate at l)ase, sinuate or coarsely toothed ; cauline 2 to 4, mostly shortly petio- 
 late and above the middle of the stem, 3- or pinnately 5-foliolate, rarely simple or lobed ; 
 
 1 The treatment of D. macrocarpa and the following species has been revised in the light of more 
 copious material. Nuttall's species was unfortunately characterized as having 3-foliate radical leaves 
 with "reniform " leaflets. It is stated that the species was founded upon a single specimen, and a 
 plant, so labelled by Nuttall himself,, is now in herb. Brit. Mus., and is (ace to Dr. Watson) of the 
 species here described. 
 
Curdamine. CRUCIFEILE. ] 
 
 00 
 
 the loaHets mostly i)eti()liilate, ovate to laiueolate or linear, entire or toothed, 1 to .3 inches 
 long : tiowers while or rose-coloretl : pods I to -l}^ imhes lung (style 2 or 3 lines l<jng) ; seeds 
 oblong; cotyledons thick ; radicle decidedly oblique, cleft to the middle. — Xutt. in 'I'orr. 
 & Gray, Fl. i. 88. D. inteyri/ulia, Nutt. 1. c. Ccirdamiiie purjntiea, Torr. & (Jray, l-'l. i. 85. 
 C. puiicisecta, Benth. PI. Hartw. 297 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. .30.' C. cnntuta, Greene, 
 Bull. Calif. Acad. ISci. i. 74. — In the Coast Ranges from San Diego to Oregon; Chico' 
 Calif., Mrs. Bidwell; Vancouver Island, Mucoun. C. cuneata, Greene, from the San Antonio 
 Mountains, Monterey Co., Calif., appears to be only a slender form with more divided 
 (5-7-foliolate) leaves, the terminal leaflet 3-parted and the lateral with one or two lobes on 
 the petiolule. A specimen from Vacaville, Solano Co., Rattan, represents the opposite 
 extreme, having the leaves all simple and cordate. 
 
 -1— -i- Cauline leaves undivided (sometimes 3-foliolate in D. puchijstiijmu). 
 
 D.* cardiophylla, Kobinson, n. sp. Glabrous ; stem erect from a small tuber, usually 
 simple, 6 to 12 inches high: leaves 2 to 4, alternate or the pair nearly opposite, round-cor- 
 date to lanceolate, sinuate or acutely toothed, ^ to U inches long, exceeding the peticjles : 
 peduncle short: flowers rose-color: pods 1 to 1^ inches long and a line iiroad or somewhat 
 more, with a slender style {\l to 2 lines long) ; seeds ovate; radicle oblitiue, cleft nearly to 
 the base, as long as the subequal cotyledons. — D. Californica, Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. xiv. 
 289, & Bot. Calif, ii. 430, in part. — Plumas Co., Calif., Mrs. R. M. Austin, Lemmon. This 
 species, characterized and given an unpublished name by Dr. Watson, is with scarcelv a 
 doubt the Cardamine rardiophi/lla of Greene, Fl. Francis. 266, described from specimens 
 collected in Solano Co., Calif., Je/ison. Specimens from Rock Creek, Washington, (J. R. 
 Vuseij, appear to be the same. 
 
 D. pachystigma, AVatson, n. sp. Glabrous: stem stout, 6 inches high: leaves 2 or 3, 
 approximate, simple and cordate to reniform, or sometimes 3-foliolate and the lower leaflets 
 ovate to lanceolate, somewhat crenate or sinuate or more frequently coarsely and acutely 
 dentate; raceme sessile or nearly so: pods 1 or 2 inches long, 1^ or 2 lines broad, with a 
 very short stout style and small stigma; seeds nearly orbicular; cotyledons very thick, 
 oblique; the short radicle cleft nearly to the base. — D. Californica, var. pachi/stiijma, Wats. 
 Proc. Am. Acad. xiv. 289, & Bot. Calif, ii. 430. — Plumas Co., Calif., Mrs. Ames, Mrs. Austin. 
 
 43. CARDAMINE,2 Tourn. {KapSafxivrj, a name cited by Dioscorides as 
 given to some sj^ecies of cress, probably Lepidium sativum.) — Mostly glabrous 
 plants, growing along watercourses or in moist places, for the most part with 
 smaller flowers, narrower pods, and smaller seeds than in Dentaria. Natives of 
 temperate, arctic, and alpine regions of the globe. — Inst. 224, t. 1 09 ; L. Gen. 
 no. 541 ; DC. Syst. ii. 245, & Prodr. i. 149 ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 70, excl. 
 subgenera. [By S. Watson.] 
 
 * Leaves undivided : perennials. 
 H— Alpine or arctic; dwarf. 
 C. bellidifolia, L. Rootstock .slender with a branching caudex; .stems very short : leaves 
 with a long slender petiole, ovate or elliptical, occasionally sul)cordate and usually obtuse, 
 rarely with one or two lateral teeth, 1 to 6 lines long : peduncles ^ to 2 inches long : flowers 
 few, white or pinkish : pods erect, 6 to 15 lines long, on pedicels 1 to 3 lines long, the style 
 very .short and stout; radicle cleft to the middle; caulicle thick. — Spec. ii. 654; Fl. Dan. 
 t. 20. C. alpina, Willd. Spec. iii. 481 ; Reichenh. Ic. Fl. Germ. ii. 10, t. 25. C. Lencnsis, 
 Andrz. in Ledeb. Fl. Alt. iii. 33 ; Ledeb. Ic. t. 268. — Mountains of Northern New England ; 
 Rocky Mountains of Brit. America,^ Drummond ; Mt. Shasta and Lassen's Peak, Calif.; 
 Alaska and Arctic Coast. (Greenland, Eu., N. Asia.) 
 1 Add sj-n. Cardamine Californica, Greene, Fl. Francis. 266. 
 
 '^ The accent of this name, variously given in botanical works, should be determined liy the cpi.-in- 
 tity of the iota of the Greek, which according to excellent authority is short, contrary to the markiii;,' 
 in Harper's Latin Lexicon. 
 
 3 Also reported from Avalanche Mountain in the Selkirk Range, by J. M. Macouu, Bot. Gaz. 
 xvi. 2S6; and coll. in Clii.iuash Mts., Washington, Sul^sdorf. 
 
156 CRUCIFElliE. Cardaviine. 
 
 ^— •»— Meadows and mountain sides ; eastern species. 
 
 C. rotundifolia, Michx. Kootstock very short, fibrous-rooted and very rarely at all 
 tuberiferous : stem lax, decumbent, becoming one or two feet long ; the branches at length 
 rooting at the end and the raceme proliferous : leaves all rounded or ovate and petiolate, 
 usually subcordate, sinuate; the larger 1 or 2 inches long, exceeding the petioles: flowers 
 white: pods few-seeded, attenuate to a long slender style, 6 to 9 lines long, on spreading 
 pedicels about as long. — Fl. ii. 30; Hook. liot. Misc. iii. 241, t. 109. C. rotundifolia, var. 
 7, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 83. — In cool shaded springs, Middletown, N. J., Willis, Pennsyl- 
 vania, Kentucky, Short, and southward in tiie mountains to N. Carolina. 
 
 C. rhomboidea, DC. Stem from a small tuberous base and slender rootstock bearing 
 small tubers, erect, usually simple, i to 2 feet high, glabrous or sometimes puberulent 
 especially at base : leaves at base long-pctiolate, rounded to ovate and'^somewhat cordate, 
 sinuate or entire; the cauline becoming oblong-lanceolate and sessile and often acutely 
 toothed: flowers white: pods 9 to 18 lines long including the slender style (1 to 3 lines 
 long), about equalling the ascending pedicels: seeds small, orbicular ; radicle cleft to or 
 below the middle. — Syst. ii. 246; Hook. 1. c. 239, t. 108; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 136, t. 55. 
 C. rotundifolia, Torr. & Gray, 1. c excl. vars.i Arabis bulbosa, Schreb. iu Muhl. Trans. Am. 
 rhU. Soc. iii. 174. A. rliomboidea & A. tuberosa, Pers. Syn. ii. 204. — Common in Ontario 
 and Minnesota, southward to Florida and Texas. 
 
 Var. purpurea, Tork.- Low (a foot high or less), somewhat loosely pubescent or 
 rarelv glabrous: flowers purplish or rose-color. — Fl. N. Y. i. 56. C. rotundifolia, var. /3, 
 Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 83. Arcibis rhomboidea, var. purpurea, Torr. Am. Jour. 8ci. iv. 66. — 
 Ontario to W. Maryland, J. D. Stnith, and westward to Wisconsin and Kentucky ; reported 
 as^also collected by Drummond farther to the north. This species closely approaches 
 Dentaria. Thlaspi tubei'osum, Nutt. Gen. ii. 65, is probably the same, from its tuberous root, 
 rose-colored flowers, and pubescence, though the pod is described as orbicular. 
 •(— -i— -h- Western mountain species, sometimes subalpine. 
 
 C. cordif olia, Gray. Glabrous or more or less pubescent with spreading hairs : stems erect 
 from a slender rootstock, 1 or 2 feet high, simple: leaves (a dozen or more) petiolate; the 
 lowest cordate ; the rest ovate to oblong-ovate, acute or acutish, cordate or truncate at base, 
 more or less repaud or coarsely crenate, 1 to 2i inches long: raceme sessile: flowers white: 
 pods 10 to 15 lines long witli the short style, on ascending pedicels; radicle cleft to the 
 middle. — PI. Fendl. 8. C. rhomboidea, Durand, Fl. Utah, 159. — Rocky Mountains, Col- 
 or.ido to New Mexico ; Wasatch Mountains, Utah. 
 
 C. Lyallii, Watson. Glabrous : stem erect from a running rootstock, simple or branched, 
 
 1 or 2 feet high : leaves few (4 to 8), petiolate, reniform to cordate, sinuate, 1 to 3 inches 
 broad : raceme pedunculate : flowers white : pods an inch long or less, ratlier shortly attenu- 
 ate to a very short style, on spreading pedicels; radicle cleft to the middle. — Proc. Am. 
 Acad. xxii. 406. C. cordifolia, Wats. Bot. King Exp. 19, in part; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, 
 viii. 376; Torr. Bot. Wilkes Expcd. 229. — Cascade Moimtains, iriVi-es, Ly all. Halt (no. 
 29), G. R. Vasey, J. Hoioell ; Blue Mountains, Oregon, Cusick; Clover Mountain.s, N. 
 Nevada, Watson ; and Placer Co., Calif/, near Truckee, Sonne. Resembling the European 
 C. asarifolia, the stem of which is branched above and the pod more attenuate. 
 
 * * Radical leaves mostly entire ; the cauline 3-5-foliolate. 
 +- Eastern species. 
 C* (?) curvisiliqua, Shuttl.^ Aquatic, glabrous, decumbent, rooting in mud at base: 
 stems elongating, furrowed : earliest leaves entire, suborbicular, long-petioled ; the later 
 ones pinnate ; leaflets obovate or oval, rounded at the apex, very shallowly lobed or quite 
 entire, acute at the base : flowers small : petals narrow, a line and a half in length : fruiting 
 raceme elongated, very loose, the rhachis often flexuous, the pedicels divaricate: pods 
 
 ^ Add syn. C. bulbosa, Britton, Sterns & Poggenburg, Prelim. Cat. N. Y. 4. 
 
 2 This variety has been raised to specific rank by Dr. Britton as C. Dmglnssii, Trans. N. Y. Acad. 
 Sci. ix. 8, being the Arnbis Douglnssii, Torr. (used as synonym) in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 83. 
 
 8 This species, although referred by Dr. Watson to Cardamine, was not described iu his 
 manu.script. 
 
Cardamine. CRUCIFER.E. ]-j7 
 
 slender, nearly terete, curving upward, aliout 10 lines in length. — Shultleworth in distr. 
 Kugel; (iray, I'roc. Am. Atad. xv. 40. Nasturtium officln<il( , 'I'oir. &. (irav, Fl. i. fifiO, ui.t 
 L. N. sti/losnm, Shuttl. a<f. to Gray, 1. c. — On river l)anks, &i:, Florida,' A'l/vc/, h',i,<n- 
 ii-orth, Garber, Rnthrork, Simpson, Cmiiss. A fij)Ccios with tlie linl.it of Xnsturlium offinmilc, 
 and, but for its long slender pods and uniseriiUe socfls, to lie referred to that genus. 
 C. Clematitis, Sm nr.. Olahrous: rootstock slender: stem lax, simple or l.ran.hed, a 
 foot high: radical h-avcs small, rcniforni-oordate, occasionally with a pair of nmch smaller 
 leaflets on the petiole; cauline petiolate; the petiole sagittately appendaged at lia.se; 
 terminal leaflet reniform to oldong and sul)hastately 3-lobed ; the lateral oi)li(iue and very 
 variable: raceme nearly sessile: Howers white: pods aliout an inch long, with a long 
 slender style ; radicle cleft a third of its length. — .Shuttl. in Wats. IJibl. Index, 5.'J, exd. 
 syn. ; Chapm. Fl. cd. 2, G05 ; Gray, Froc. Am. Acad. xv. 45. — Sj.rings ami moist phues in 
 tiie Soutlicru Allcghaiiies ; 1 Sumky Moiintaius, /i«</e/, Koan Muuntain, G'mw ; Alabama, 
 Buckley. 
 
 ■i— -1— Western s])ecics. 
 
 C. Breweri, Watson. Glabrous or slightly pubescent below: stems from a sIimkUt rnn- 
 iiiug rootstock, erect or decumbent at base, usually branched, a foot high or more : radical 
 leaves simple or with a pair of small rounded lateral leaflets, round-cordate, entire or sinu- 
 ate ; the cauline with usually rounded and sinuate or sometimes lobed leaflets ; the uiipcr 
 more oblong or lanceolate: flowers small, white: pods 8 to 12 lines long, with a slmrt 
 thick style, ascending or erect on pedicels 2 to 4 lines long; radicle scarcelv cleft. — Fmc. 
 Am. Acad. x. 339; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 31. — In the Sierra Nevada near Sonora 
 Fass, Brewer, and near Carson City, Andcrsim; Ilnmltoldt Co., Calif., Rattan; Oregon, Hail 
 (no. 31), Howell; Teton Range, Idaho, Cuulter ; Henry's Fork, I/ajji/en.- 
 
 C. angulata, Hook. Glabrous or more or less puljescent : stem erect from a rather slender 
 running root.stock, simple, 1 or 2 feet high : leaves all 3-foli(.late or sometimes 5-foliolate; 
 leaflets ovate to oblong, usually cuneate at base and coarsely 3-5-toothed or the lateral 
 entire; the terminal not greatly larger than the lateral, about an inch long, exceeding the 
 petioles: racemes short, few-flowered: flowers white, larger- ])ods about 9 lines long incliul- 
 ing the style (1 line long), on spreading or divaricate pedicels. — Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 44, & Bot. 
 Jlisc. i. 343, t. 69. — Cascade Mountains of Oregon and Washington; Fuget Sound, H7M<s. 
 
 C. purpurea, Cham. & Schlecht. Glabrous or sj)aringly hirsute- .stems erect, 2 to G 
 inches high: cauline leaves oue or two; leaflets entire, round-oval or ovate, acute ; the 
 terminal subcordate and somewhat 3-lobed : raceme few-flowered, often subtended by a 
 3-lobed foliaceous bract: flowers rather large, often jjurple or rose-colored: pods erect, 
 nearly an inch long ; style short, stout. — Linnaea, i. 20 ; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 44. — Arctic 
 Alaska; also ou the Asiatic side of Bering Strait, ]Vrii//it. A very imperfectly known 
 species. 
 
 * * * Leaves all pinnately divided with several pairs of leaflets. 
 -!— Flowers rather large : petals (except in C. prntensis, var. occidentahs) 3 or 4 lines long. 
 
 C. pratensis, L. Glabrous or somewhat pubescent below : stems erect from usually a very 
 sliort rootstock or rarely subtuberous fibnuis-rooted bnse, branched, a foot high or more : 
 radical leaves with small rounded leaflets 1 to 4 lines broad ; leaflets of the upper leaves 
 oblong to linear or oblanceolate, entire or rarely toothed, 2 to 10 lines long; flowers rather 
 large (3 to 6 lines long) in a broad corymb, white to deep rose-color: ])ods 9 to 15 lines long 
 and a line wide, on ascending pedicels ; style short, rather stout. — Spec. ii. 656 ; DC. Syst. 
 ii. 256 ; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am, i. 45 ; Torr' & Gray, Fl. i. 84 ; Lange, Medd. Qnen. iii. 48. 
 C. digitaia, Richards, in Frankl. 1st Journ. ed. 1, App. 743 (reprint, p. 15). — Labrailor to 
 New Brunswick; Bristol, Vermont, Priiir/le; New Jersey; Central New York". Onturio.^ and 
 Lake Superior ami northward to the Arctic Ocean ; Ala^ska. Barely collected in fruit. 
 C. digitutd, Richards, appears to be an arctic form with the leaves reduced to a few approxi- 
 mate linear leaflets. 
 
 1 Nortliward to White Top Mt., S. W. Virginia, Small; also on Grandfatlicr .Mt., N. r, .> ., ... .^;: 
 Hdler. 
 
 2 Northward to Vancouver Isl., Mncnun. 
 
 3 Sonthwaid into Michii^an and even N. Indiana, Van Gordcr. 
 
158 CRUCIFERiE. Cardamine. 
 
 Vax. occidentalis, Watson, n. var. A stout leafy form, with small flowers (2 Hues 
 long), fruiting freely. — Sauvies Islaml aud Oregon City, Oregon, /loivell, Henderson. 
 Specimen:? from Eagle aud Washoe Valleys, Nevada, Stretch, have blunt styleless pods 18 
 Hues loug, aud are perhaps distiuct. 
 C. Gambelii, Watson. Kather stout and tall (2 or 3 feet high) but lax, decumbent at base 
 aud rooting at the lower joints, glabrous or sparingly soft-\nllous, branched : leaflets 4 to 6 
 I)airs, ovate-oblong to linear, usually cuneate at base and acute, mostly few-toothed, rj to 1 
 inch long : raceme nearly sessile, becoming elongated : flowers white, 3 or 4 lines long ; 
 pedicels slender, divaricate, equalling the narrow erect or ascending often curved pod (6 to 12 
 lines Kmg) : stvle slender, a Hue long. — Troc. Am. Acad. xi. 147, & Bot. Calif, j. 30 (where 
 by error Gambellii). C. Schaffneri, Hook, f in Hemsl. Diag. PI. Nov. i. 2, & Biol Cent.- 
 Am. Bot. i. 32. — S. California from San Bernardino to Santa Barbara, in swamps and 
 ditches. (Mex.) 
 
 -1— -I— Flowers smaller: petals a line or two in length. 
 ++ Capsule mostly 20-30-sceded. 
 C* hirsuta, L.^ Low, 3 to 8 or 10 inches high ; root single, very slender and with or without 
 long filiiorm branches : leaves chiefly basal and persisting in a rosulate cluster : leaflets 
 roundish in outline, undnlately few-lobed, appressed-hispidulous above ; those of the few 
 cauline leaves oblong : flowers small : petals white, once and a half to twice the length of 
 the sejials : stameus 4 : pods erect on nearly erect or even appressed ])edicels. — Spec. ii. 
 655 ; DC. Syst. ii. 659 ; Reicheub. Ic. Fl. Germ. ii. t. 26 ; Brittou, Bull. Torr. Club, xix. 
 219. — Woods, Middle Atlantic States from S. Pennsylvania, Small, toN. Carolina, T. J. 
 Browne. Abundant about Washington, D. C. ; perhaps introduced ; fl. April, May. 
 C* parviflora, L. Very slender, glabrous or sparingly pubescent upon the stem, subsimple, 
 erect or nearlv so : root at first single, becoming a fascicle of delicate fibres : stem often 
 somewhat flexuous, 6 or 8 inches high, leafy : leaflets small ; those of the lower leaves oblong 
 (rarely suborbicular), of the upper linear, very narrow; flowers as in the preceding, but 
 petals" mostly narrower and relatively longer : stamens normally 6 : pods erect upon spread- 
 ing-ascending pedicels. — Syst. Nat' ed. 10, 1131, & Spec. ed. 2, ii. 914; DC. 1. c. 261; 
 Reicheub. 1. c. ; Britton, 1. c. 220. C. Virginica, Michx. Fl. ii 29, not L. C. hirsuta, var. 
 sijlcatica, of Am. authors, not C. sylvatica, Link. C Jle.vuosa, Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. 
 Sci. ix. 9. C. arenkola, Britton, Bull. Torr. Club, xix. 220.— Sandy and rocky soil, E. 
 New England to Georgia and across the continent to Oregon. In moist situations becom- 
 ing stouter and jierhaps passing to the usually w^ell marked 
 C.* Pennsylvanica, Muhl. Larger, a foot or two in height, more leafy, branching and of 
 laxer growth, nearly or quite glabrous : roots a fascicle of numerous slender fibres : leaflets 
 of the lower leaves roundish or short-oblong ; of the upper oblong, with rounded apex aud 
 narrowed base, commonly more or less decurreut upon the rhachis, usually half inch or 
 more ivi length and I to 3 lines in breadth : flowers as in the last : stamens 6 : pods suberect 
 upon ascending and more or less spreading pedicels. — Muhl. in Willd. Spec. iii. 486 ; DC. 
 1. c. 258 ■ Ell. Sk. ii. 144 ; Britton, 1. c. 219. C. hirsuta, of authors, as to Am. pi. iu great 
 part, not L. C. flexuosn, Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, iv. 103, if correctly shown by Mr. 
 Small's specimen from Mt. Rogers, Va., appears to be a form of the same species with some- 
 what more spreading pods. — Moist places, chiefly iu shade, Newfoundland to Florida aud 
 acro.ss the continent to Central California and north to Alaska ; common ; fl. according to 
 locality from April to July. Var. Brittoniana, 0. A. Farwell (Asa Gray Bull. uo. 7, 46 ; the 
 measurements obviously incorrect), if of this species, must be an exceptional form, witli 
 lateral leaflets few, reduced, or obsolete. — N. Michigan. 
 
 ++ ++ Capsule fewer (8-20 J-.'^eedcd: western species. 
 C. Oligosperma, Nutt. Annual, rarely sending out roots at the lower joints, slender, 
 hirsute or nearly glabrous, a foot high or less : leaflets small, petiolulate, roundish, often 3-5- 
 lobed or -toothed, in the upper leaves sometimes narrower : raceme usually few-flowered and 
 shortlv pedunculate- flowers small (1 line long), white: pods erect, 6 to 10 lines long, 8-20- 
 seeded ; style very short. — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 85 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 
 30. — From Central California to Vancouver Island, in low wet places. 
 
 1 Dr. Watson's description of this species has been revised to exclude the two following, which, 
 althousili very nearly related, generally appear distinct, as recently pointed out by-Dr. Britton, 
 
Arabis. CRUCIFER.E. 159 
 
 44. Arabis, L. Rock Ckess. (Xame from the country Arnhki.) — 
 Aimiiiils or perennials mostly of erect habit, nearly all of the Northern Tem- 
 perate and Arctic Zones. Pubescence branched or stellate, rarely simple or 
 none. Flowers white, purple, or more rarely stramineous, in more or less elon- 
 gated racemes. Leaves mostly lanceolate or spatulate, entire, dentate, or less 
 frequently pinnatifid. — Gen. no. o44 ; DC. Syst. ii. 213; Keichenb. Ic. Fj. 
 Germ. ii. t. 3;J-4-i ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. o8 ; Iknlli. it llouk. (Jen. i. G'J. Tar- 
 ritU, L. Gen, no. o4G. [By 8. Watsux.] 
 
 § 1. SiSYMBufxA, Watson.^ Seeds oblong or elliptical, very small, wing- 
 less ; cotyledons often more or less oblique. Jiiennial or [)erennial. rubescenee, 
 if any, usually simple upon the upper parts, but invarialjly forked to some extent 
 when present upon the lowest leaves. 
 
 * Leaves all i)iiiii:itely (livided , scsj^imMits lilifonn. 
 A.* filifolia, (iRKKXE. A delicate glal)i(>u.s somewhat glaiuous aiiuual, 8 iiiclies to a foot in 
 heii;lit, stem Hexuoiis or somewhat genic-ulate and hranched ahove : flowers roseate or 
 pnrple : ])etals ohovate, jjatulous, 2 to 3 lines in length, about twice the length of the cakx ; 
 pods narrowly linear, acute, about 15 lines in length, spreading-ascending. — Bull. Calif. 
 Acad. Sci. ii. 390, Carclamine Jihfolia, Greene, Pittonia, i. 30. — Santa Cruz IsL, Calif., 
 Greene, Braiidefjee. A species of doubtful position. Mature seeds have not been seen. ^1, 
 pectlnata, Greene, Tittonia, i. 287, of Lower California, is nearly related. 
 * * Radical leaves lyrately pinnatifid , segments short and bruad ; cauline not auriculate 
 at tlie base. 
 A. lyrata, L. slender, brandling from the base, glabrous or rarely somewhat hairy at the 
 base : the stems ascending, a foot high or less : basal leaves with few and small lateral seg- 
 ments or pinuately lobcd, often all entire, oblanceolate or spatulate to linear: petals white 
 or pinkish, 2 to 4 lines long , pods ascending on slender pedicels 3 to 6 lines long, very nar- 
 row with a short stout style, straight or slightly curved; the valves ratiier thick, firm, and 
 nerved nearly to the top. — Spec. ii. 665, A. pelnm. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 67, in part. Hisyni- 
 biinm arabldonlis, Hook, Fl. Bor.-Am i. 63, t. 21, at least in part. Cunlumiuc spathuUila, 
 Michx. Fl. ii. 29. — From the Great Lakes to Connecticut and New .Jersey, and southward 
 along the Alleghanies to N. Carolina and Tennessee.- Southward it becomes decidedly 
 perennial, with more lax and slender stems, and the pods with thinner and scarcely nerved 
 valves. No seeds have been examined with cotyledons so strictly incuml)ent as figured and 
 described Ijy Hooker. 
 
 Var. OCcidentalis, Watson, n. var. Pods with sessile .stigma or a very short and 
 thick style ; tlie valves rather tliin but often faintly nerved to the top. — .1. amhitjua, DC. 
 Syst. ii. 231, in part; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 81. A. petnra, var., Regel, Bull, Soc. Nat, Mo.sc. 
 XXXV. pt. 2, 163. —From Alaska to British Columbia and the eastern .side of the Rocky 
 Mts. in Brit. America; l\)int Peloc on Lake Krio, .]r<iroini. (Kamtschatka, \Vn';iht.) The 
 true ^1. petrmt. Lam., as it occurs in Eurojje, appears to l)e distin-juished from all American 
 forms by its usually broader and blunter pod, more broadly elliptical or noarlv orbicular 
 seed, and the cotyledons strictly accumbent. The Greenhunl specimens referred to this 
 species as a variety, with pilose siliques and pedicels (Lange, Mcdd. Gra'u. iii, 49), are more 
 probaI)ly the same as Hooker's Sisi/mhrinin humile. 
 
 * * * Radical leaves oblanceolate, toothed or entire. 
 -I— Cauline leaves not auriculate. 
 A. humifusa, Watson. Glabrous, branching from the Imse : the low decumbent stems 6 
 inches high or less, simple or l)r:inched : radical leaves usually numerous, few-toothed, an 
 inch loni: or less , the petioles rarely slightly ciliate ; cauline leaves spatulate-oblanceolate, 
 
 1 /'.-..(/(/a/niJA-, Wats, in Cray, Man, e.l, 6, 67, & Proc. Am. Arad. xxv. 121, Vmt not of Endl,, 
 wliirli, lifing Pseudoarahls of C. A IMeyt-r, dcpenils upon a <hti'ercnt siibdivi.siou of tlif -<iuis. 
 - S. Missouri, Eggert, 
 
160 CRUCIFER.E. Arabb. 
 
 mostly entire : petals white, 2 lines long : pods (immature) an inch long by two thirds Hue 
 wide, straight, abruptly tipped witli a very short thick style, ascending on slender pedicels 3 
 to 4 lines long; valves nearly nervelos (3-nerved ace. to V^ahl) : seeds in 2 rows; the "coty- 
 ledons incumbent." — Proc. Am. Acad. xxv. 124. Sisi/mhrimn humlfiisiim, Va.\il,Fl. l^nu. 
 t. 2297 • Lange, Medd. Gra'n. iii. 51. — Ungara Bay, N.Labrador, Turner. (Greenland.) 
 The cutylcdoDs arc said to be incumbent, but are represented only partially so in the figure. 
 Var. pubescens, Watsox, n. var. Lower leaves and base of the stem pubescent. — 
 York Factory, Bell, Macottn. The mature pods of this variety, which appears to differ only 
 in its pubescence from the Greenland form, have the valves distinctly nerved, and the nar- 
 row acute seeds with obliijue cotyledons, as represented. 
 A.* Nuttallii, Robinson, n. sp.^ Biennial or usually perennial with a branching rootstock : 
 stems simple and slender, a span high or less, erect or ascending, glabrous above, more or 
 less hirsute below with rather long simple and often forked hairs . radical leaves spatulate- 
 oblanceolate, acutish or obtuse, entire, an inch long or less ; cauline narrowly oblong to 
 elliptical, sessile ; petals 2 to 3 lines long, white : ])ods short, 6 to 9 lines long by one third 
 line wide, somewhat attenuate to a rather stout style; valves slightly convex, 1 -nerved and 
 faintly veined : seeds in 1 row, elliptical ; cotyledons accumbeut ! — A. s/iathtilata, tiutt. in 
 Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 81 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 32 ; not DC. — iMountains of W. Mon- 
 tana to N. Utah, N. Nevada, and E. Washington, chiefly on low ground in valleys, 
 -i— -I— Cauline leaves auriculate. 
 A. Hookeri, Lange. Stems several from a biennial (or perennial ? ) branching rootstock, 
 slender, ascending, branched, a span high, hirsute below with simple or forked hairs : radical 
 leaves oblanceolate, acute, sinuate-dentate, 2 inches long or less, rather densely hirsute with 
 short forked hairs ; petioles ciliate ; cauline leaves lanceolate to linear with a cla.«ping sagit- 
 tate base, mostly entire : sepals and pedicels hairy : petals white, 2 lines long : pods 1 to \\ 
 inches long by tliree fourths line broad, somewhat attenuate to a very short thick style, 
 ascending or spreading upon spreading pedicels 3 to 6 lines long; valves 1-nerved; seeds in 
 2 rows, minute, oblong; cotyledons incumbent thougli slightly oblique. — Medd. Green, iii. 
 50. Turiitis mollis, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 40; Horuem Fl. Dan. t. 2296. — Shore of the 
 Arctic Sea between 107° and 130° W. longitude, Iiicluirdso)i. (Greenland.) 
 A. dentata, Torr. & Gray. Biennial, branching from the base, pubescent throughout with 
 fine mostly stellate pubescence : stems lax, ascending or decumbent, 1 to 2 feet long : leaves 
 all acutely and irregularly dentate, very rarely the lower lyrate-pinnatifid ; the radical petio 
 late, obovate to oblanceolate : flowers very small and nearly sessile ; petals white, a line 
 long: pods very narrow, nearly straight, widely spreading, 8 to 12 lines long, glabrous, on 
 pedicels an inch long, beaked by a very short thick style ; valves very faintly l-nerved at 
 base; seeds oblong, in 1 row, wingless, minute; cotyledons obliiiue. — Fl. i. 80; Torr. Fl. 
 TSf. Y. i. 54, t. 7. Sisymbrium dentalum, Torr. in Short, PI. Kentucky, 3d Suppl. 338. — New 
 York to Michigan and Minnesota, south to the Potomac, Tennessee, and Mis.souri. 
 A. perfoliata, Lam. (Tower Mistard.) Glaucous: stem erect, solitary, simple, usually 
 stout and 2 to 5 feet high, commonly hairy near the base: radical leaves lyratcly ]jinnatifid 
 to sjiatulate-oblanceolate and tootlied, usually more or less hirsute or coarsely stcdlate-pubes- 
 cent ; cauline glabrous, entire or the lower toothed, lanceolate to oblong, auricled at base, 
 1 to 4 inches long: petals yellowish white, 2 to 3 lines long: fruiting pedicels 2 to 6 
 lines in length : pods strictly erect, 1 J to 4 inches long by one half to two thirds line wide, 
 beaked with a short stout style or the broad scarcely 2-lobed or cupulate stigma nearly 
 sessile; valves rather rigid, 1-nerved and veined; seeds crowded, irregular, somewhat tur- 
 gid, nearly marginless ; cotyledons partially incumbent — Diet. i. 219. Turritis ghhra, 
 L. Spec. ii. 666. T. macrocarpn, Nntt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 78. — From the Lower St. 
 Lawrence through New England (where infrequent) to New Jersey and westward to the 
 SaskatcheAvan, south in the Rocky Mts. to Colorado and N. Utah ; on the Pacific Slope from 
 Oregon to S. California. (L. Calif., Eu., Asia.) The cotyledons vary from accumbent to 
 incumbent in the same pod. 
 
 § 2. EuARABis. Seeds in one row, at least when mature, orbicular or broadly 
 elliptical, more 6r less wing-margined ; cotyledons strictly accumbent. 
 
 1 The name of this species has been altered on account of tha older and still valid homonym. 
 
Arahls. CllUCJFKR/E. 161 
 
 * Leaves {at least the ba.-<al) more or less lyratol.v piiii.iitifi<j ; tlie eauliiie ii-.t oonlate uor 
 aui-iculatc at base: j)ul)esceiice of simple (rarely forke<ll liaiis. 
 A. Ludoviciana, C. A. Mkykk. Decumbeiitly brancliing from tlic I>a«e, somewliat liir- 
 sute witli slinrt spreadiug simple liairs : leaves narrowly oMoiig, ail deeply piiinatiH.l with 
 nearly uniform oi.long to linear segments, mostly ol)ii(|uely l-2-toothe(l: flowers small, 
 white, on very short pedicels : jwds spreading, 9 to 15 lines long hy two thirds line l.road,' 
 on pedicels 1 to 3 lines long, beaked by a short jjoiiited style ; valves faijttlv veined and 
 obscurely 1-nerved at I)iise; seeds narrowly winged. — Ind. Sem. H(jrt. J'elrop. ix. G0.» 
 Canhniiine Vinjinicu, L Spec. ii. 656. C. Liulocldana, Hook. Jour. Bot. i. 191. C. Emjel- 
 manniana, "Ind. Sera. Uort. Berol. 1840." — Virginia to S. Carolina, and west to Missouri 
 and Texas; Pt. Loma, S. Calif., Cleveland; fl. March to May. 
 
 A. petiolaris, Grav. Stem erect, tall, simple or branching above, glabrous or sparingly 
 l.ul)cscent with reflexed simple hairs: radical leaves few, often large and rather thick, some- 
 what lyrately piunatifid with a few (5 to 7) sinuately toothed segments, glabrous or sini'iewliat 
 haivy ; cauline leaves all petioled ; the lower pinuatifid (jr usually hastatelv lob.-.j ; the U|.])it 
 lanceolate to linear, acuminate, entire or somewhat sinuate: flowers purplish, 2 to 3 lines 
 long : pods ascendiug, 2 to 3 inches long by 1| to 2 lines broad, on pedicels 3 to 5 lines long, 
 beaked by a .slender style; valves veined, 1-uerved below the middle; seeds broadly winged! 
 — Proc. Am. Acad. vi. 187. Streptanlhm petiolaris. Gray, Tl. Fendl. 7. S. Brazf>eiisis, 
 Bnckl. Proc. Acad. PhQad. 1861, 448. — AV. Texas, from the Colorado to the IJio Grande: 
 fl. March to May. 
 
 * * Radical leaves dentate (rarely lyrately piunatifid in .1. Canadensis); the cauline not 
 cordate nor auriculate at base: pubescence of simjile, forked, or somewhat stellately 
 
 branched hairs. 
 
 A. blepharoph^lla, Hook. & Arn. Biennial or perennial, branched at bise or simple: 
 stems glabrous or somewhat hirsute below with forked hairs, a foot high or less : radical 
 leaves oblong to obovate-oblanceolate, obtuse or acutish, ciliate with forked hairs; cauline 
 oblong, sessile, dentate or entire : flowers large, rose-colored : pedicels and calyx substel- 
 lately pubescent; sepals often colored, broad, 2 to 3 lines long; petals 6 lines long: pods 
 erect or ascending on pedicels 2 to 4 lines long, nearly straight, 9 to 12 lines long by about 
 a line broad, abruptly beaked by a short stout style ; valves veined, l-nerved ; seeds" round- 
 elliptical, narrowly winged or scarcely margined. — Bot. Beech. 321 ; Hook. f. Bot. Mag. 
 t. 6087. — California, on low hills near the coast, from San Francisco to Monterev ; fl. in 
 very early sjiring. 
 
 A. furcata, Watson. Perennial: stems several from a branching rootstock, slender, erect 
 or ascending, glabrous, a f«Jot high or less: radical leaves ovate to c^blorig-ohlanceolato, 
 obtuse or acute, sparingly tootlied, 1 to 2 inches long; cauline sessile, oblong to linear', 
 entire or sparingly toothed: petals white, 3 to 5 lines long, more than twice longer than the 
 calyx : pods 8 to 20 lines long, straight or nearly so, attenuate to a rather short style : seeds 
 oblong-elliptical, winged at the lower end. —Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 362. —Cascade Mts. of 
 Oregon and Washington near Hood Kiver and Mt. Adams, Suksdorf, Howell Bros., Mrs. 
 Barren, fjraiide;/ee, Henderson. 
 
 Var. purpurascens, Watson, n. var. Whole plant usually purplish : stem some- 
 what puliescent: flowers purple. — A. purpurascens, Howell, Pittonia. i. 161. — Eight Dollar 
 Mt., Walilo Co., Southwestern Oregon, 7\ Howell. 
 
 A. repanda, Watsox. Biennial: -etem stout and tall, branching, pubescent throughout 
 with sJiort and mostly stellately forked hairs, usually longer and simpler at luise : leaves 
 narrowly obovatc to oblanceolatc. 1 to 3 or 4 inches long, sjiaringly toothed or nearly entire; 
 cauline mostly narrowed to a winged petiole, acute or obtuse; flowers white, snuill : petals 
 narrow, 2 lines long, but little exceeding the sepals : pods re<'urved-sj»reading i>n usually 
 stout n.scending pedicels, 2 to 4 lines l-.ng, faintly 1-nerved at base; seeds elliptical, broadly 
 winged. — Proc. Am. Acad. xi. 122; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. .•t2 —California, Yosemite 
 Valley, Bolnnder ; near Mineral King. Tulare Co., Coville & Fmi'sion ; San IJernardino, 
 Parish Bros. 
 
 1 Add syn. ^f. Virjinlca, Branner & Coville, Ri-p. Geol. Surv, Ark, ISSti, 165; Britton, Bull. 
 T.'rr. Club, xix. 220. 
 
162 CRUCIFER.E. Arabis. 
 
 A. Canadensis, L. (Sickle-pod.) Stems erect, tall, solitary, simple or rarely branched 
 above, spariugly hirsute near the base with forked hairs : radical leaves soon disappearing, 
 obovate or oblong, petiolate, 1 to 3 inches long, sometimes lyrate or runcinate; cauline 
 narrowly oblauceolate (widest above the middle), acute or acuminate, sessile, remotely 
 toothed or the ujiper entire, somewhat pubescent with short simple or branched hairs : 
 flowers spreading or pendulous in a soon open raceme : pedicels and calyx pubescent : petals 
 white, narrow, '2 lines long, twice longer than the sepals : pods pendulous, falcate, 2 to 3 
 inches long by 1^ lines wide, beaked by a short thick style or stigma nearly sessile ; valves 
 1-uerved and veined ; seeds with a broad orbicular wing. — Spec. ii. 6G5 ; Deless. Ic. Sel. ii. 
 9, t. 28. A. falcata, Michx. Fl. ii. 31. — From New England to Ontario and Minnesota and 
 southward to Georgia and Texas ; fl. June. 
 
 * * * Eadical leaves dentate (sometimes nearly entire in A. hiisnta, rarely lyrately pin- 
 natifid in A. Icevigata) ; the cauline more or less auriculately lobed at ba.«e (except in 
 A. Iceviijata, var. Burkii). 
 
 A. laevigata, Poir. Glabrous throughout and glaucous, usually tall, simple or often 
 branched above : radical leaves spatulate and toothed to lyrately pinnatifid ; cauline oblong- 
 lanceolate to linear ; the lowest usually petioled and sometimes piuuatifid ; the rest sessile 
 and toothed or entire, 1 to 6 inches long: flowers on ascending or somewhat spreading 
 pedicels: petals narrow, white or purplish, 2 to 4 lines long, half longer than the sepals 
 pods loosely spreading on pedicels 2 to 5 lines long, straight or often recurved, 2 to 4 inches 
 long by two thirds line broad, beaked by a usually very short stout style or the stigma 
 sessile; valves thin, faintly 1-nerved; seeds elliptical, winged. — Suppl. i. 411 (as leviyaUt). 
 A. heterophyUa, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 81. Turritis Iceriqata, Muhl. in Willd. Spec, 
 iii. 543. — Quebec and Ontario to Minnesota and southward to N. Carolina, Tennessee, and 
 Arkansas. 
 
 Var. Burkii, Porter. Leaves narrower; the cauline linear to linear-lanceolate, 
 entire, scarcely or not at all auricled at the base: flowers smaller: petals about equalling 
 the sepals. — Bull. Torr. Club, xvii. 15. — Dry hills, Centr. & S. I'ennsylvania ; i first coll. by 
 /. Burk, 1852. 
 
 A.* atrorubens, Suksdukf. Erect, l to 3 feet high, scabrous-pubescent upon the oblau- 
 ceolate obtuse dentate basal leaves : stem and broadly lanceolate or ovate-oblong cauline 
 leaves quite glabrous and somewhat glaucous : pedicels and calyx puberulent : flowers rather 
 large, very dark- purple, almost black, about 4 lines in length : pods at first ascending 
 or almost erect but soon widely arciuite-spreading, 3 to 5 inches long, a little over a line 
 broad; seeds uuiseriate. — Suksdorf in Greene, Erythea, i. 223. — Rocky ground on moun- 
 tain summits, Klikitat Co., Washington, Suksdorf; and earlier in the Simcoe Mts., J. Howell. 
 
 A. patens, Sclliv. Biennial, 1 to 2 feet high : .stems erect, simple or branched, pubescent 
 throughout with spreading mostly simple hairs, or very rarely with some fine stellate hairs, 
 or rarely glabrous above : radical leaves ovate and petiolate to oblanceolate ; cauline lanceo- 
 late, .sessile with clasping auriculate base, acutish to short-acuminate, mostly somewhat 
 serrate, I to 2^ inches long : petals white, 3 to 4 inches long, twice longer than the sepals : 
 flowers on spreading pedicels : pods spreading, 1^ to 3 inches long by one half to two thirds 
 line wide, attenuate to a slender style ; valves faintly 1-nerved to the middle ; fruiting pedi- 
 cels 4 to 12 lines long; seeds oblong, narrowly Avinged at the lower end. — Am. Jour. Sci. 
 Ixii. 49; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 142, t. 58. — Pennsylvania and Ohio to N. Alabama. 
 
 A. hirsuta, Scop. Biennial, m^re or less hirsute, at least at the base, with spreading simple 
 or forked hairs (rarely stellate upon the leaves): stems erect, solitary or several from a 
 branching caudex, simple or strictly branched, 1 to 3 feet liigh, pubescent, rarely nearly 
 glabrous: radical leaves oblanceol.ate, including the winged petioles an inch or two long; 
 the cauline ses.sile, lanceolate or oblong to linear, more or less erect, coarsely toothed or 
 nearly all entire, even the uppermost more or less hairy or ciliate, cordate or auricled at 
 base: petals greenish white, \\ to 3 lines long : pods strictly erect on slender pedicels, very 
 narrow, 1 to 2 inches long, half line broad ; style vorv short and stout or the stigma nearly 
 sessile; valves faintly nerved below the middle and more or less veined ; seeds suborl)icular, 
 very narrowly margined. — Fl. Carn. ed. 2, ii. 30. ^1. sar/iltata, vars. y & S, DC. Syst. ii. 222. 
 
 1 Also at Roanoke, Va., ace. to Small & Heller, Mem. Torr. Club, iii. pt. 1, 1, 22. 
 
Arabis. CRUCIFER.E. IGl] 
 
 A. riipcstris, Niitt. iu Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 81. Turritis ovatn, Piirsli, Fl. ii. 438. T. s,„itlnt- 
 laid, Nutt 1. c. 78. — Moutli of tlie St. Lawronce to Vir;,niiia, wcHtward to New .Mexico 
 and the Sierra Nevada; Oregon, and northwar.l to N. Ahu^ka. (Kn., Asia.) Some of the 
 ()re<ron and Ahu-^kan .<5i)ociniens have siirrlitly l)road«r pods anri loMf,'cr seeds, hut are not 
 otiierwise (li.^tinguisliahlc, nor referahle to Asiatic or IOuroj)ean forms. 
 A. Macounii, Watson. Slender hiennial, hranched from tiie ha.<ie, jmhcscent helow witli 
 mostly stellate hairs, glahrous ahove or nearly so: leaves small and narrow, half inch hmg; 
 the lower few-toothed : flowers very small, pale rose-color, 2 lines long : pods very narrow^ 
 1 to U inches long, half line hroad, glabrous, slightly curved, widely spreading ; pedicels 
 very slender, 2 to 4 lines long: seeds wingless. — Proc. Am. Acad. xxvi. 124. — Itevel- 
 stoke, IJrit. Columbia, ./. Macoun ; H, May. 
 
 A. alpina, L. Biennial and perejinial, loosely stellate-])ubescont throughout or the inflo- 
 rescence glabrous : stems erect or decumbent, from a branching subcespito.se rootstock, 
 leafy : radical leaves oblauceolate, A to ,3 inches long, with l)roadly margined petioles ; canline 
 oblong- to ovate-lanceolate and se.ssile with a more or less cordate or auricled b.-isc : j)etals 
 white or lactcoiis, 3 to 4 lines long, twice longer than the yellowish or purjWish sepals: 
 fruiting pedicels 3 to 8 lines long, glabrous, beaked by a short thick style or stigma sessile; 
 valves nearly nerveless, faintly veined ; seeds orbicular, winged. —Spec. ii. 664. — Lower 
 St. Lawrence, Ciaspe', Macoun, to Labrador and Hudson Strait. (Greenland, arctic and 
 alpine regions of Eu., and Asia.) The A. siricta of Pursh's Flora, collected in Laiirador by 
 Colmtisfer, is probalJy this species. 
 
 * * * * Leaves all entire ; cauline not cordate nor auriculate (or very slightlv so) at base : 
 ]iuliescence, when present, finely stellate, sometimes very fine and den.se : perennial. 
 
 A. platysperma, Gray. Glaucous, sometimes wholly glabrous: stems erect or a.scending 
 from a branching rootstock, 2 to 3 inches to a foot high, simple or branched : lower leaves 
 oblauceolate, ab(.ut 1 inch long or less; the upper oblong- to linear-lanceolate, sessile: ])et.ils 
 rose-color or nearly white, 2 to 3 lines long: pods erect or a little spreading, 1 to 2| inches 
 long by U to 2^ lines broad, attenuate to a short stout style; valves distinctly veined, 
 1-uerved toward the ba.se; seeds orbicular, broadly winged. —- Proc. Am. Acad. vi. 519. — 
 San Bernardino Mts., Calif., Parisli Bros., W. G. IVrifjht, and in the Sierra Nevada north- 
 ward to Mt. Hood, Oregon, Howell Bros.; also on E. Humboldt Mts., Nev., Walsoti. 
 § 3. Turritis, Dill (as genus). Winged seeds narrower than the valves and 
 
 somewhat in two rows. * 
 
 * Radical leaves dentate ; cauline more or le.ss cordate or auriculate at base. 
 -(— Pods erect or spreading. 
 
 A.* confinis, Watson. Scarcely glaucous : the lower leaves usually dentate and finely 
 stellale-pnbe.scent or glabrous : pedicels mostly erect or a.scending : pods more or less spread- 
 ing or t rect. ai)Out 3 inches long, a line broad or le.ss, usually more or less attenuate above 
 and beaked; .seeds rather small, numerous, narrowly oblong, winged. — Proc. Am. Acad, 
 xxii. 466. A. I(cvi(j(ita, Hook. Fl. Bor.-.\m. i. 43, not Poir. .1. hrummandil. Gray, JL-in. 
 ed. 5, 69. Turritis glabra, & var., Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 78, 666. T. stricta, Torr. Fl. N. Y. 
 i. 53, not Grah. ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 144, t. 59. — From the Lower St. Lawrence along th^ 
 Great Lakes to Lake Winnipeg, Bourwau, and rare southward to Dracnt, on the Merrinmc, 
 Concord, and Brookline, Mass., C. E. Faxon, W. I'eane ; Thimble Islands, Conn., A. L. 
 Wmton; Cayuga Co., New York, Dmlleij ; Elgin and Dixon, Illinois, G. Vasei/.^ 
 
 Var.* brachycarpa, Wats. & Coulter. More slender and le.ss strict : flowering 
 ))pdicels becoming almost horizontal or even reflexed ; fruit short, 1 to 2 inches long, spread- 
 ing; septum thin, almost hyaline; ovules mo.stly abortive. — Wats. & Coulter in Gray, 
 ]\Ian. ed. 6, 67. A. Ihummoudn. var. I,rarl,,/rt,ri,a, Gray, Man. ed. 5, 69. Turritlx hrarh',. 
 carpa. Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 79 —Canada from Tadouss.Vc, Pickerin<j,to Milk River Ridge, 
 Alberta, Macoun ; also on the south shore of Lake Superior, Fanre/I. In its extreme form 
 very marked, but certainly intergrading with the type. 
 
 ■h- -J— Pods reflexed or widely arcuate sjtreading. 
 ' Northwestward to tlie footlulls of the Rocky Mts. of Canada, Macuun. The dcscrijilion of this 
 
 species lia.s been nioililied to e.xcludc the variety. 
 
164 CRUCIFER.^. Arabis. 
 
 A. Holbdellii, Hornem. Biennial, very finely stellate-pubescent below or tli rough out : 
 stems simple or branched, one or more, erect or ascending, i to 2^ feet liigh : radical leaves 
 narrowly ohlanceolate, entire, an inch long or less ; cauline leaves linear-oblanceolate to 
 narrowly oblong, acutely sagittate : flowers becoming more or less rcflexed and secuud on 
 pubescent pedicels : petals 3 lines long : pods more or less abruptly reflexed, straight or 
 somewhat curved, 1^ to 2^ inches long by nearly two thirds line broad; valves 1-nerved 
 to the middle; stigma sessile; seeds in one row, orbicular, winged. — Fl. Dan. t. 1879. 
 A. retrofracta, Grab. Edinb. New Thil. Jour. 1829, 344. ? A. declinata, Iteteromulla, & lilachia, 
 Schrad. Ind. 8em. Hort. Gutt. 1831, 1832, & Linuaja, viii. 1833, Lit.-Eer. 22, 25. Turritis 
 retrofracta, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 41. ? Streptanthus virgatus, Kutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 
 76.1 _ Rocky Mountains from N. Colorado, Wolf, Vaseij, to N. Idaho, Luall, and Brit. 
 America, Drummond, Bouryeau, Macoun. (Greenland.) 
 
 Mfcr (?) patula, Watson, n. var. More glabrous, only tlie lower leaves and stem 
 pubescent and the petioles somewhat ciliate : leaves sometimes toothed : pods somewhat 
 broader and the seeds more evidently in two rows. — Turritis patuJa, Grab. 1. c. 350; Hook. 
 Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 40, excluding the more western localities. — Bepresented in herb. Gray only 
 bv specimens collected by Bourgeaii in tlie Rocky Mountains of Brit. America, and on the 
 Saskatchewan. .1. Colnmhiana, Macoun, Cat. Canad. PI. ii. 304, however, of Brit. Colum- 
 bia, Macoun, and N. Washington, Piper, scarcely differs. 
 
 Var. Fendleri, Watson, n. var. Stems often several and ascending from a biennial 
 root, a foot high, hirsute below witli simple or branched hairs, glabrous above : lower leaves 
 roughly stellate-pubescent and petioles ciliate ; the upper glabrous : pods somewhat curved. 
 — From Colorado, Parry, no. 94, Hall & Harbour, no. 36; N. Nevada to New Mexico, 
 Fendler, no. 27, Palmer, Rush i/ ; and California, Tulare Co., Coville & Funston, no. 1388. 
 (Chihuahua, Wright, no. 1313.) 
 
 A. arcuata, Gray. Biennial or sometimes perennial, roughly stellate-pubescent through- 
 out ; stems usually simple and erect, 1 to 2 feet high : radical leaves narrow- or linear- 
 oblanceolate ; the petioles often ciliate, 1 to 2 inches long ; the cauline linear-lanceolate, all 
 somewhat toothed or entire : petals 3 to 6 lines long, more or less deeply rose-colored, more 
 or less widely spreading : pods arcuate, 2 to 3 inches long by a line wide or somewhat more, 
 acute, on divaricate or recurved usually pubescent pedicels 3 to 6 lines long ; stigma nearly 
 sessile; seeds orbicular, narrowly winged, as broad as the valves. — Proc. Am. Acad. vi. 187. 
 Streptanthus arcuatus, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 77. — California, from Placer Co. to 
 Sauta Barbara and the San Bernardino Mountains.^ To this tyi)ical form it appears neces- 
 sary to add the following closely united varieties, which have been variously referred to 
 ^■1. Holhcdlii, patula, & retrofracta. 
 
 Var. SUbvillosa, Watson, n. var. Biennial or rarely perennial, more glabrous 
 above, the pubescence especially of the lower leaves stellate, but with more or less of s])read- 
 ing mostly simple hairs, usually sparse above on the leaves, stem, pedicels, and calyx, but 
 occasionally abundant on the pedicels. — ? A. spursiflora, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 81.— 
 N. Nevada and Oregon to Washington and AV. Idalio. A low several stemmed specimen 
 from Downieville, Calif., Bigeloir. 
 
 Var.* secunda, Bobinsox, n. var.^ Resembling var. subvillosa but less villous, slender ; 
 the stem (1 to 2 fcet'iiigb) usually single from a base of two or more years' growth : flowers 
 often pale and smaller: pods H to 2 inches long. — ^1. secunda, Howell, Erythea, iii. 
 33. _ Washington, Mt Adams, Snksdorf Howell, Upper Yakima, Lijall. Approaching 
 A. perennans. 
 
 Var. longipes, Watson, n. var. Tall, biennial, glabrous above ; the stem spreading- 
 villous toward the base and lower leaves somewhat stellate-pubescent -. sepals glabrous or 
 hairy toward the toj) : petals pale, 3 lines long: pedicels glabrous, becoming elongated 
 (1 to 2 inches long or less). — California, near Fort Mohave, Lemmon, 1884. 
 
 1 A munber of forms, all ascribed to this variable species, have been described by Miss A. East- 
 wood, Zoe, iv. 5, 6. 
 
 2 And southward into Lower Calif., ace. to Brandegee, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, ii. 126, 
 
 3 This variety, distinguished and given a manuscript name by Dr. Watson, has since been described 
 by Mr. T. Howell as A. secunda. This name is licrc wst'A in preference to Dr. Watson's to avoid 
 publi-shing a second unnecessary designation. Of the varietal rather than the specific rank of the 
 plant there can be no doubt. 
 
Arnin,. CRl'CIFEll.E. 1G5 
 
 A. perennans, Watson, reremiial, witli a usually branching and somewliat woody base, 
 about a foot high, roughly stellate-|jubesceijt, sometimes glabrous al)Ove : lower leaves an 
 inch long or less, broadly spatulate to narrowly oblanceolalc ; the petioles sometimes ciliate . 
 flowers smaller (2 to 3 lines long), often pale : pods 1 to 2 inches long by a line wide or some- 
 what less; the small stigma sessile: calyx and pedicels stellate-jjubescent to glabrous: 
 seeds orbicular, very narrowly margined. — I'roc. Am. Acad. xxii. 467. A. armnta & 
 .,4. rctrofructa, Wats. Bot. King Kxp. 18, in part. J^unitis patula, Gray, Bot. Ives Kej>. 6. 
 Distributed l)y Pringle under the name A. IlolUtllii, var. perennans. — N. Neva<la and Itah 
 to Arizona, and the Colorado and Mohave Deserts, California. 
 
 A. subpinnatifida, Watson. Very finely stellate-pubescent throughout: stems one or 
 more from a biennial or soniotimcs perennial {! ) root, a span to a foot high, rarely branched : 
 leaves very densely and finely pubescent; the lower linear- or narrow-oblauceolate, entire 
 or toothed, 1 to 2 inches long ; the cauline lanceolate, more or less unequally incised or the 
 uppermost entire : flowers rose-colored, 3 to 6 lines long: pods pubescent, slightly curved, 
 1 j to 2| inches long by 1 to l^ lines broad, attenuate to a short style, and pendent upf)n 
 recurved pubescent -pedicels (2 to 5 lines long) ; valves 1-nerved to the middle and veined ; 
 seeds in 1 row, as broad as the partition, winged. — Proc. Am. Acad. xx. 353. — N. W. 
 Nevada, Torrey, Watson, no. 76, in part; Sisiviyou Mountains, California, Greene; S. W. 
 Oregon, T. Howell. 
 
 * * Cauline leaves auriculate clasping, entire ; the radical also entire or (in ^1. .firett-er/, 
 A. Lifullii, and A. Beckwithii) obsoletely denticulate (in A. Bolanderi, as yet unknown). 
 H— Pods arcuate-spreading or divaricate. 
 
 A. Bolanderi, Watson. Biennial, more or less pubescent throughout with soft stellate 
 hairs : the solitary stem nnich branched, 1 to 2 feet high : radical leaves not known ; cauline 
 lanceolate, 1 to 2 Inches long : iiov.ers small (2 to 3 lines long), rose-colored : sepals and 
 pedicels (in fruit, 1 to 2 lines long) pubescent: pods mostly divaricately spreading, glabrous, 
 straight, 6 to 18 lines long, obtu.-<e witli a broad sessile stigma; valves l-nerved to the 
 middle ; seeds orbicular to elliptical, narrowly winged, somewhat in two rows. — Proc. Am. 
 Acad. xxii. 467. — Yosemite Valley, Bolander ; Wa.«hingtou, Brandegee. Also collected by 
 Turri if, a more glabrous form, probably in the mountains of California, though ticketed in 
 his herbarium from Colorado. 
 
 A. Breweri, Watson. Perennial : stems several from a branching rootstock, 4 inches to a 
 foot high, more or less villous with spreading simple or branched hairs or stellate-pubescent 
 toward the base : lower leaves narrowly oldanceolate, entire or toothed, finely stellate-pubes- 
 cent, an inch long or less ; the jtetioles often ciliate ; U])per cauline leaves lanceolate to 
 narrowly oblong, sessile with a subcordate base or obtusely auriculate, somewhat villous or 
 pubescent or nearly glabrous : flowers bright rose-color or purplish to nearly white, 3 to 4 
 lines long ; the pedicels and purplish calyx more or less viUous: pods at length spreading 
 and more or less arcuate, 1^ to 3'iuches long by a line or more broad, acute with a .-icssile 
 stfgma; valves 1-norved, veined; seeds orbicular, narrowly winged. — Proc. Am. Acid. xi. 
 123 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 33. — From Mt. Diablo ' and Lassen's Butte, California, 
 to Waldo Co., Oregon. 
 
 A. Beckwithii, Watson. Reseml)ling A. suhpinnutlpda, hoary witli a fine dense stellate 
 pubescence : stem erect from a biennial root, a span high : leaves entire ; the radical oldan- 
 ceolate, an inch long; the cauline lanceolate: pods glabrous (or slightly pubescent wlun 
 young), spreading and arcuate, 2i inches long; seeds mostly in 2 rows. — Proc. Am. Acad, 
 xxii. 467. — N. Nevada, Quartz Mountains, Becku'ith, near Carson City, Watson, near 
 Candelaria, Shackle y ; California, San Bernardino Mountains, Parish Bros. 
 
 -i^ H— Pods reflexed. 
 
 ++ Pubescence densely and finely stellate. 
 
 A. canescens, Nutt. Low (4 to 8 inches), biennial or ])erennial, finely stellate-pnbescen* 
 
 tlironghout, stems one or .several: lower leaves linear-oblanceolate, an indi long or lo.<s; 
 
 cauline leaves linear, slightly auriculate : flowers small, 2 lines long or less, jiale; pods ))en- 
 
 dulous, pubescent or glabrate, 1 to \i inches long by two thirds line broad, on pedicels 
 
 1 Southward to Mt. Hamilton, ace. to Greene, Fl. Franci.s. iol, k Erythea, i. S7. 
 
166 CKUCIFER.E. Ambls. 
 
 1 to 3 lines long; valves 1-nerved to the middle: seeds small, orbicular, winged, in 2 rows. — 
 Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 83. A. puhertila, Nutt. 1. c. 82; Hook. Ic. t. 359.1— " Kocky 
 Mountains," and Blue Mountains, Oregon, Xuttall ; Camp Ilarucy, Oregon, 7\ Howell ,- near 
 Mt. Adams, 'Washington, Snlsdorf. 
 
 ++ ++ Pubescence stellately branclied, .scanty or wanting. 
 
 A. sufltrutescens, Watsox. I'erennial, usually glabrous throughout : stems several from 
 a branching woody caudex, glabrous, a foot liigh : leaves glabrous or sometimes sparingly 
 stellate-pubesceut, narrowly oblanceolate ; the cauliue narrowly lanceolate, scarcely auricu- 
 late : flowers few, 3 lines long, purplish : pods pendulous on pedicels 4 to 6 lines long, 1^ to 
 2^ inches long by as many lines broad, more or less attenuate to a short tliick style ; valves 
 1-nerved, veined ; seeds in 2 rows, orbicular, winged. — I'roc. Am. Acad. xvii. 3G2. — Bluffs 
 of Snake Kiver, E. Oregon, C'usick ; Mt. Adams, Washington, Suksdor/, Howell; Siskiyou 
 Mountains, S. Oregon, Howell. 
 
 •1— H— -I— Pods ascending, rarely widely spreading. 
 ++ (ilaucous, hoary below witii fine and dense stellate pubescence. 
 
 A. Lemraoni, Watson. I'crennial, low (G inches high or less): stems several from a 
 branching caudex, slender, glabrous above : lower leaves spatulate-oblanceolate, rarely with 
 
 1 or 2 teetli, 6 to 9 lines long ; the petiole sometimes ciliate ; the cauline leaves oblong- 
 lanceolate, mostly glabrous or nearly so : flowers 2 to 3 lines long, rose-colored : tiie sepals 
 pubescent: pods ascending or widely spreading, somewliat arcuate, 1 to 1| inches long by 
 two thirds line wide, on usually short pedicels (1 to 3 lines long), glabrous, more or less 
 attenuate above to a sessile stigma or short style; valves 1 -nerved to the middle or neai-ly 
 nerveless: seeds in one row, orbicular, uarrowly winged. — Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 467. 
 A. canesce7is, & var. lalifolia, Wats. Bot. King Exp. 17. A. canescens, Brew. & Wats. Bot. 
 Calif, i. 32. ^1. canescens, & var. (?) s////osa, Wats. ibid. ii. 431. — In the mountains of 
 W. Wyoming, Parry, and Montana, Richardson, Watson, Canb//, to Brit. America at Bow 
 River Pass and Silver City, Macoun, westward to Mt. Adams, Wash., Suksdorf, and south- 
 ward to N. California, Lemmon, Mrs. Austin, and N. Nevada, Watson, 
 
 ++ ++ Pubescence stellate, scanty or wanting : green or scarcely glaucous. 
 
 A. Drummondii, Gray. Biennial (or rarely perennial), slightly glaucous : stems erect, 
 one or several, a foot or two high: radical leaves narrowly oblanccoliitc, nidie or less 
 pubescent with malpighiaceous hairs (attached by the middle and u>ii;illv iMH-itudiually 
 appressed) ; the cauliue leaves oblong to linear-lanceolate, 1 to 2 intbes in hiigtli: petals 
 white or pinkish, 3 to 4 lines long, twice longer than the narrow sepals : pods erect when 
 mature, 1 to \^ lines broad, 1| to3 inches long, obtuse; the stigma sessile or nearly so; 
 valves 1-nerved, veined ; seeds broadly elliptical, winged, two thirds line wide. — Proc. Am. 
 Acad. vi. 187. 1 A. Breutelii, Lange, Medd. Green, iii. 81 (only once collected and without 
 fruit). Turritis stricta, Grab. Edinb. New Phil. Jour. 1829, 3.50. Streptanthus angiisti- 
 folius, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 76. — Rocky Mountains from Brit. America to N. Utah ; 
 Cypress Hills, Canada, Macoun; E. Humboldt Mts., Nevada, Watson; Mono Pass, Calif., 
 Breiver, no. 1729. 
 
 A. Lyallii, Watson. Perennial, low (rarely a foot high), glabrous tliroughout or some- 
 times more or less stellate-pubescent below : stems several or many from a branched caudex : 
 lower leaves spatulate to linear-oblanceolate, usually one half to one inch long, sometimes 
 
 2 to 3 inches long ; the cauline narrowly lanceolate to oblong, sometimes scarcely auricled : 
 flowers ro.se-color, 2 to 3 lines long : sepals glabrous : pods erect or ascending, straight or 
 nearly so, 1 to 2 inches long by two thirds to one line broad, narrowed to a short style or 
 se.«sile stigma; valves 1-nerved, at least to the middle, veined : seeds orbicular, narrowly 
 winged, usually in 1 row. — Proc. Am. Acad. xi. 122. A. Drummondii, & var. alpina, 
 Wats. Bot. King Exp. 17, in part. — Fre(|uent in the mountains, often alpine or subalpine, 
 from Brit. America, Liiall, Macoun; W. Montana, Canby, and N. Utah, Jones, to the Sierra 
 Nevada, Mono Co , Calif., Brewer, Shockley, and the Cascade Mts. of Oregon and Washington. 
 
 1 Add syn. A. pauciflonim, Nutt. in herb. (Pliilad. Acad. Sci.), wbicOi is with scarcely a doubt 
 Nuttall's Sisymbrium pauciflonim, described in Torr. k Gray, Fl. i. 93 (notwithstanding the character 
 " not cauesceut "), a species otherwise wholly ob.scure. 
 
Slrejjlanlhns. CKUCIKEK.E. 10 
 
 A. microphylla, Nutt. rcrennial: slender stems Heveral from a slender braucliiug 
 caudcx about <i inches high, somewhat hirsute witli spreading iiuirs at base or very nearly 
 glabrate: lower leaves stellate-pubescent; petioles often ciliale, linear to narrowly oblaiiceo- 
 late, an inch long or less; caiiline few, linear-lanceolate to narrowly oblong: flowers jtalo 
 rose : sepals slightly jmbescent or glabrous : p<jds usually very narrow, 1 to 2 inches ^ong bv 
 one half to three fourths line broad, erect or somewliat spreading; valves slightly nerved 
 toward the base ; seeds small, in one row, slightly winged. — Nutt. in Torr. & (iray, Fl. i. H'2. 
 — Uinta Mts., Utah, Watsou ; Yellowstone i'ark, Wyoming, Parry, Canbi/ ; Blue Mts., 
 Oregon, Ctisick, Howell. 
 
 * # * Leaves all entire, not cordate nor auriculato. 
 
 -I— Pods ascending. 
 ++ Glabrous, the petioles only sparingly ciliate, perennial. 
 
 A. Howellii, Watson. Stems low (1 to 4 inches high), from a much branched cespitose 
 canilex : leaves all narrowly oblanceolate, glaucous, indi long or less, acute or obtuse ; the 
 cauline somewhat drooping: flowers pale or l)right pink: pods erect, 1^ inches long bv 2 
 lines broad, acuminate ; the stigma sessile ; valves nearly nerveless; seeds orbicular, broadly 
 winged. — Proc. Am. Acad. xxv. 124. — Ashland Butte, Siskiyou Mts., S. Oregon, 7'. Iluuefl, 
 1887 ; White Mts., Mono Co., Calif., at 11,000 feet alt., Shockley, August, 1888. 
 ++ ++ Villous-hirsute with scattered spreading mostly simple hairs. 
 
 A. Cusickii, Watson. Stems usually several from a biennial root, a span high or less, 
 simple, hirsute or glabrate above : radical leaves linear-oblanceolate, hirsute and ciliate, 
 1 inch long or less; cauline linear to linear-oblong, sessile, not auriculate: flowers rose- 
 colored, 3 to 5 lines long: sepals villous : pods arcuate-ascending, glal)rou.-!, 2 to 3 inches 
 long by 1 i lines broad, obtusisli ; stigma sessile ; valves 1 -nerved below the middle ; seeds 
 orbicular, winged, in 1 row. — Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 363. — Blue Mts., Oregon, Cusick ; 
 Cascade Mts. of Oregon and Washington, Howell, Drandegee} 
 ++++++ Finely stellate-pubescent. 
 
 A. Parlshii, Watson. Low and ce.spitose (2 to 4 inches high), very finely stellate-pubes- 
 cent throughout, the simple slender stems from a much branched rootstock : radical leaves 
 numerous, linear-oblanceolate, half inch long or less, entire ; the cauline few, linear, sessile : 
 petals rose-color, 3 to 4 lines long, tw ice longer thr^n the purplish sepals : pods glal)rouii, 
 ascending on pedicels 2 to 3 lines long, an iuch long including the filiform style (2 to 3 lines 
 long), a line broad, attenuate above ; valves 1-nerved and veined : seeds somewhat in 2 rows, 
 elliptical, narrowly winged. — Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 468. — Bear Valley, San Bernardino 
 Mts., Calif., at 6,500 feet alt., S. B. Parish. 
 
 +- -t— Pods pendulous : finely .stellate-pubescent. 
 A. pulchra, Jones. Canescent throughout with a fine stellate pu])escence: stems erect 
 from a branching woody rootstock, a foot high, leafy : leaves not rosulate at base; the lower 
 narrowly oblaijceolate and petiolate, 1 to 2 inches long ; the upper linear-lanceolate, ses.sile : 
 flowers usually large, soon spreading or reflexed: petals 3 to fi lines long, rose-colored, 
 usually twice longer tlian tlie pubescent sepals: pods pendent, finely pubescent, 1| to 2^ 
 inches long by li lines wide on pedicels three fourths line long; stigma sessile; valves 
 1-nerved, veined: seeds small, in 2 rows, orbicular, winged. — Jones in Wats. Proc. Am. 
 Acad. xxii. 468. — Borders of the desert, W, Nevada, Stretch, Shocklei/, Jones; to San 
 Eeniardino aud San Diego Counties, Calif., Vasei/, Parish Bros., W. G. Wright. 
 
 45. STREPTANTHUS, Nutt. (STpcTrroV, twisted, and ar^o?, flower, 
 from the twisting of the petals.) — Caulescent branching often glaucous annuals 
 or biennials of the Pacific Coast and drier interior region to the Lower Missis- 
 sippi ; with entire or toothed (rarely pinnatifid) usually sagittate and clasping 
 leaves and purple to white (rarely yellowish) flowers. — Jour. Acad. Phil;id. v. 
 134; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 14.3, & Proc. Am. Acad. vi. 1Sl>; r>r.u. .^ Wai>. Tiof. 
 Calif, i. 33. [By S. Watson.] 
 
 1 Also in Spokane Co., Washington, &uksdvii . 
 
168 CRUCIFERiE. Strepkiuthus. 
 
 § 1. EuSTREPTANTHUS, Gray, 11. cc. Flowers large: petals with a broad 
 blade : filaments distiuct : pods erect or ascending : glabrous annuals : species of 
 
 the interior. 
 
 * Pedicels conspicuously bracteate : pods narrow. 
 
 S. bracteatus, Gray. Stem 1 to 3 feet high, branching above : lower leaves petiokite, 
 entire or repaud-toothed to lyrately pinuatifid, oblong to ovate-hastate ; the upper sessile, 
 oblong to ovate, cordately auriculate ; floral bracts broadly cordate, the uppermost much 
 reduced : flowers rose-colored on short pedicels : pods spreading, 4 to 6 inches long by 1 to 2 
 lines broad, attenuate to a short style and broad entire stigma ; seeds oblong, broadly winged. 
 
 — Gen. 111. i. 146, t. 60, excl. f. 4-8, & PI. Liudh. pt. 2, 143. — Southwestern Texas, Lind- 
 heimer, Wright, Hall, Reverchon. 
 
 * * Floral bracts minute or none. 
 S. maculatus, Nctt. Glaucous, 1 to 2 feet high : cauline leaves sessile, entire, oblong to 
 elliptical or broadly ovate, deeply cordate-amplexicavil; floral bracts none: flowers deep 
 rose-color : calyx purplish : pods 4 to 5 inches long by about a line broad, erect or ascend- 
 ing, straight or curved, beaked with a short style; stigma small; seeds oblong, winged. — 
 Jour. Acad. Philad. v. 134, t. 7. ;6'. obtusifolhtx , Hook. 15ot. Mag. t. 3317; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 
 t. 60, f. 4-8. f Brassica Washitana, Muhl. Cat. 61. "? Stanleya Washitana, DC. Syst. ii. 512. 
 
 — Arkansas and E. Texas; St. Augustine, Leavenworth. 
 
 S. platy carpus, Gray. Branching from near the base, a foot high or more, glaucous : 
 lower leaves petiolate,. lyrately pinuatifid ; the upper lanceolate to oblong-ovate, sessile and 
 amplexicnul, entire or pinnatifid: lower pedicels often minutely bracteate: flowers rose- 
 purple ; the calyx purplish : pods ascending on pedicels 3 to 6 lines long, slightly curved, 
 
 2 to 3 inches long by 2 to 2| lines broad ; the broad lobed stigma sessile : seeds somewhat 
 in 2 rows, suborbicular, broadly winged. — PI. Wright, ii. 10. — Valley of the Pecos, W. 
 Texas to Sonora. 
 
 § 2. EuCLisiA, Nutt. Petals narrow (the blade scarcely broader than tlie 
 
 claw), undulate-crisped. 
 
 * Filaments distinct : cauline leaves clasping : pods not reflexed. 
 -I— Branches of the inflorescence bearing round cordate bracts ; the bracts also frequently 
 subtending or alternating ^th the lower pedicels : pods narrow : species of California 
 and Arizona. 
 
 S. tortuosus, Kellogo. Stem more or less branched, i to 3 or 4 feet high : lower leaves 
 sjjatulate or ohlanceolate and petiolate, somewhat toothed, becoming oblong to ovate, entire, 
 sessile and clasping ; the upper little reduced and of nearly uniform size, deeply clasping 
 with overlapping lobes : sepals acuminate, conniveut ; the tips recurved in flower : petals 
 purple (rarely white), 3 to 6 lines long : pods recurved, spreading, 2 to 6 inches long by about 
 a line broad; the smaU stigma sessile ; seeds orbicular, narrowly winged. — Proc. Calif. 
 Acad. Sci. ii. 152, f. 46. 5. Breweri, Gi-ay, Proc. Am. Acad. vi. 184, in part.^ — Frequeut in 
 the Sierra Nevada, from Mono Pass to Mt. Shasta; near Humboldt Bay, Rattan. 
 
 S. diversif olius, Watsok. Resembling the preceding in habit : cauline leaves pinnately 
 divided ; the few segments very narrowly linear ; the slender petioles not auricled at the base : 
 bracts Tounded-cordate and deeply clasping: flowers similar; the white or pinkish petals 
 
 3 to 4 lines long : pods reflexed, about 3 inches long by two thirds line broad, beaked with 
 a short .style : pedicels 2 lines long or less : seeds broadly elliptical, narrowly winged. — Proc. 
 Am. Acad. xvii. 363. — On the Cosumue River, Eldorado County, California, Rattan. 
 
 S.* sufifrutescens, Greene. "Perennial, suffrutescent, the stout leafy trunk 6 to 8 inches 
 high ; flowering branches 1 to 2 feet long : herbage glabrous, glaucous : stem-leaves cuneate- 
 obovate, coarsely serrate-toothed; floral leaves round-cordate or more elongated: sepals 
 purplish-green, their tips not reflexed: one pair of filaments connate; all the anthers equal 
 and fertile." — Erythea, i. 147, & Man. Bay-Reg. 16 (whence foregoing characterization). — 
 Hood's Peak, Sonoma Co., Calif., Bioleltl. __ 
 
 1 Add syn. S. orUculalm, Greene, Fl. Francis. 258 (== S. Breweri, Gray, in part), a low and rather 
 small-floweied form. 
 
Slrejj(unt/i u^ . C K U C I F E K Ji. 
 
 1G9 
 
 S. Lemmoni, Watson. I'auicuLitfly bruncbed : lower leaves miknown ; the ui)per lauceo- 
 late, aunculate; the rameal braets ovate to roundeil, cordate, laspiiig with vc-rv sln.rt lobe«- 
 flowers rather small (2 to 4 lines loug) : sepals acuminate wiih recurved or sprea.lii..' tips- 
 petals white (?) : pods 2 to ;i inches long, narrow, on short pedicels; stign.a sessile; seeds 
 unknown. — Proc. Am. Acad. xxv. 125. - Santa Catalina Mts., Arizona, L,mmor,, lMt<0. 
 -»- -i- Glal)rous andglaucous biennials or perennials (!), with l)road thickish leaves obtuse 
 or only acutish ; the cauline eordately clasping : i).Hore.s<-enca ebrac-teate : stems niostlv 
 simple : sei)als obtuse, mostly more or less setosely pubescent. 
 
 S. barbatus, Watson, 1. c. Stems apparently several from a jierennial (?) root, simple or 
 at len^nh branching • the leaves all similar and nearly e(iual, crowded, cordate, sessile and 
 clasping, obtuse or acutish, tliree fourths inch long or less ; floral bracts none : Howers 3 to 4 
 lines long, purple ; sepals ohtusish, setosely bearded near the apex : pods spreading on 
 pedicels 1 to 3 lines long, curved, I to 2 inches long by 1^ lines broad; stigmas sessile or 
 nearly so; seeds roundish, narrowly murgined.— S. torluosus, Grav in Torr. Hot. Wilkes 
 Exped. 227. — Sandy bottoms of the Ujjper Sacramento, Wilkes Fxped., lS42,*/.Kwmo„ 
 1879. Ripe fruit unknown. ' 
 
 S. cordatus, Nutt. Stems often stout, simple or sometimes branched from the ba.'^e. 1 to 3 
 ffet liigh: lower leaves spatulate, coar.sely toothed, especially toward the summit; ilie 
 - teeth oltcn brist]e-tipj)ed, and the petiole occasionally bristly ciliate; cauline leaves oblong 
 to ovate or cordate, usually very obtuse and entire : sepals uniform and erect, 4 lines long ; 
 the narrow purple petals a half longer: filaments distinct: pods spreading, 3 to 5 inches 
 long by 2 to 2^ lines broad, on short pedicels 3 to n lines long, beaked wich"'a short tliick 
 style or the scarcely lobed stigma nearly sessile ; seeds orbicular, winged. — Nutt. in Torr. 
 & Gray,Tl. i. 77 ; Wats. Bot. King Exp. 19 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 34. — In the moun- 
 tams of Colorado and westward to tlie Sierra Nevada, Kbbett's Pass at 8,000 feet alt.. 
 Brewer. Specimens collected by Brewer (no. 1885) in Sonora Pass at 10,0Q0 feet alt. differ 
 in their entire and more lanceolate acutish leaves (the lower oblauceolate and ciliate), and 
 approach the next species. 
 
 -1- -i- -I- Glabrous and glaucous annuals or biennials (?), with cauline leaves lanceolate 
 and acute : inflorescence ebracteate : pods broad except iu 5. cumpeslris. 
 
 S. Arizonicus, Watson. Leaves rather thin, all entire or nearly so; the lower oblong- 
 lanc(K)Iate, i)etiolate, not ciliate ; the upper oblong to narrowly lanceolate with rounded 
 auricles: flowers pale; the sepals strongly saccate ; the petals C or 7 lines long: filaments 
 distinct: pods erect or ascending, 2 to 3 inches long by 2 to 2i lines broad, obtuse or acute, 
 with broad sessile 2-lobed stigma; seeds orbicular, very br.jadly winged. — Proc. Am. Acad! 
 xxv. 125. — Jlouutains of S. Arizona, Pn/ye, 1881, P(/m/(, Z,mmon, no. 4170. 
 
 S. Campestris, Watsox, 1. c. Stems stout, 2 to 4 feet high : le.aves rather thick, often 
 irregularly toothed; the teeth at first seto.sely tippe.l and the lower jiiargin of the leaf 
 sparingly sctose-ciliate ; cauline leaves lanceolate or oblauceolate: flowers somewhat dark 
 purple, 4 to 5 lines long; the sepals often somewhat hairy at the top: filaments distinct: 
 ])ods spreading and curved, 3 to 6 inches long by about a line broad, beaked witli a short 
 stout style and shortly 2-lobed stigma; seeds winged. — At Campo near the southern 
 boundary of California, G. R. Vaseij, Parish Bros. A specimen collected bv Parish Pros, 
 in the San Bernardino Mts. is apparently the same. 
 
 S. Carinatus, Wright. Stems 1 to 3 feet high : lower leaves lyratelv pinnatifid ; the upper 
 lanceolate and usually entire : flowers large, dark purple to white: "the sepals deeply .sac- 
 cate: filaments distinct: pods erect or ascending on pedicels 3 to 8 lines long, lilo 2^ inches 
 long by 2.i to 3 lines broad, beaked with a verv short stvle or the 2-lohed stigma se.<»sile • 
 seeds orbicular, broadly winged. — Gray, PI. Wright, ii". 11. — W. Texas to S. Arizona.' 
 (Chihuahua, Pnnijlr.) 
 
 * * Filaments distinct : leaves sagitt.ate : pods rfflexed. narrow: i>ubesccnt annuals. 
 
 S. heteroph^^Uus, Nitt. More or less pubescent throughout with spreading simple 
 
 hairs: stem usually simple, 3 feet high or less: leaves linear, at least the lowest pinnafifid 
 
 with divaricate lobes or toothed ; the upper usually entire : flowers purple or white. 4 t.. r. 
 
 lines long: the calyx narrow but slightly saccate: pods abruptly refl.'xe.I on slender pedicels. 
 
170 CRUCIFERiE. StreplanUius. 
 
 2 to 3 inches long by less than a line broad, subtetragonal, beaked by a slender style ; stigma 
 sessile; seeds small and crowded, rather narrowly winged. — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 
 77, 666; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. vi. 185, in part. — S. California, from the boundary to San 
 Bernardino Mts. and Sta. Barbara (?). 
 
 * * * Filaments distinct : leaves hot clasping nor auriculate : pods narrow. 
 -1— Glabrous and glaucous biennial (?). 
 S. Howellii, Watson.. Stems stout, 1 to 2 feet high, simple : leaves all cauline, from obo- 
 vate or obovate-spatulate and petiolate below to narrowly oblauceolate above, entire or 
 rarely sparingly toothed, 1 to 2 inches long : flowers rather large, brown purple, i,to 6 lines 
 long : calyx more or less saccate, green or purplish : stigma broad and sessile ; pods ascend- 
 ing, curved, 2 to 3 inches long, 1 to \\ lines broad; seeds oblong, Winged. — Proc. Am. 
 Acad. XX. 353. — In the Coast Mts. of Curry Co., Oregon, T. Howell, 1884, and near Waldo, 
 Josephine Cq., 1887, by the same collector. 
 
 -»— -K- Annuals. 
 
 S. longirostris, Watson. Glabrous and glaucous, branching, 1 to 2 feet high: radical 
 leaves ovate-spatulate, soon deciduous ; cauline linear to narrowly oblauceolate, entire or 
 sparingly toothed : flowers spreading or reflexed, white, 2 to 3 lines long : sepals narrow : 
 pods pendulous on short pedicels, straight, 1 to 1|- inches long by a line broad, attenuate to 
 a sleuder style: seeds elliptical, winged. — rProc. Am. Acad. xxv. 125. S. lonnifoUus, var., 
 Torr. Pacif. K. Kep. iv. 65. Arabis loiu/irosfris, Wats. Bot. King Exp. 17, t. 2; Brew. & 
 Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 31. — In tlie Great Basin from Washington to S. Utah. (Sonora and 
 Lower Calif.) i 
 
 * * * * One or both pairs of longer filaments connate : cauline leaves more or less sagit- 
 tately auriculate, scarcely so in S. hi/acinthoides : pods narrow : annuals. 
 
 H— Sepals in approximately equal pairs : pods ascending or spreading. 
 -H- Seeds wingless. 
 
 S. Bre'Wreri, Gkat. Glabrous and glaucous (or calyx oulj' pubescent), 1 to 2 feet high, 
 hranchiug: leaves mostly sessile and clasping; the lowermost broadly spatulate with a 
 winged petiole, toothed; the cauline ovate and acute to narrowly lanceolate, toothed or 
 entire : flowers 3 to 4 lines long, purplish : sepals acuminate : pods ascending on very short 
 pedicels. 1 to Sj inches long by one lialf line broad ; stigma sessile or nearly so; seeds small, 
 orbicular, wholly margiuless. — Proc. Am. Acad. vi. 184, excl. first form. — On Mount 
 Hamilton and San Carlos Mt., California, Brewer, 790, 1268.2 
 ++ ++ Seeds winged. 
 = Plant glabrous. 
 
 S. hyacinth oides, Hook. Simple or sparingly branched, 1 to 4 feet high : leaves narrowly 
 lanceolate to linear, attenuate at base and semiamplexicaul (slightly or not at all auricu- 
 late), entire or sparingly toothed : flower.s purple, 4 to 5 lines long : calyx saccate ; the 
 sepals acute : pods ascending on short pedicels, 1 to 4 inches long by a line wide, beaked 
 with a short style ; seeds oblong, winged. — Bot. Mag, t. 3516 ; Gray, Gen. lU. i. 146, t. 61 . 
 S. glabrifolius, Buckley, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, 448. — Indian Territory to Central Texas. 
 
 S. barbiger, Greene. A foot high, branched : cauline leaves linear, entire : flowers white 
 or purple, 3 to 4 lines long, on very short pedicels : calyx saccate ; sepals conuivent with 
 recurved whitish tips : petals unequal : the connate pair of stamens at length exserted : fruit 
 dcflexed, 2 inches long. — Pittonia, i. 217. — California, near Font's Spring, Colusa Co., 
 Rattan; Highland Springs, Lake Co., Simonds ; near St. Helena, Napa Co., Greene; fl. 
 June, July. 
 
 S. niger, Greene. Stout, 2 to 3 feet high, much branched : leaves linear; the lower nar- 
 rowly lobed or toothed, " all sagittately clasping " : flowers purple, 4 to 5 lines long, long- 
 
 1 S. Jlavescens, Hook., doubtfully placed after S. longirostris by Dr. Watson in his preliminaiy 
 treatment of the genus, is here referred to Thelypodium. 
 
 2 With the latter number of Prof. Brewer'.s collection, the recently published S. hesperidis, 
 Bioletti, Erythea, i. 14, corresponds in all essential characters described. 
 
Stanfonlki. CULCIFEIM:. 171 
 
 pedicellate: calyx Imiail and saccate ; tlie sci.al.s obtuse : ])uds ascend iiif,', 1 to ;> inches long 
 by I line broad, on pedicels G to 12 lines lonj;; stif^nia entire, sessile; seeds broaillv ellip- 
 tical, narrowly winged. — EuU. Torr. Cluli, xiii. 141. — At Point Tiburou, Marin Co., 
 California, Greene. 
 
 = = More or less pubescent, rarely glabrous throughout (in some forms of S. ijlundulusiis). 
 S. hispidus, Gkay. Dwarf, hispid throughout : leaves cuneate-obovate to oblong, coarselv 
 toothed, mostly sessile and but slightly auriculate : racemes short, sessile : tl(jwers purple or 
 purplish, 4 lines long, spreading : sejials acutisli : jkxIs erect or ascending on short pedicels, 
 hispid, li to 2 inches long by a line wide, with a short stout style and broad stigma ; seetls 
 liroadly elliptical, winged. — Proc. Am. Acad. vi. 18G.' — Near summit of Mt. Diablo, 
 Breicer, 1084, 1096, Bolandcr, 6267. 
 
 S. glandulosus, Hook, a foot or two high: lower leaves oblanceolate, coarsely toothed ; 
 till" ujijier lanceolate to linear, toothed or entire, more or less hispid below, usually glabrous 
 above: the teeth callous-tipped: flowers deep purple to white, 5 to 6 lines long: the calv.v 
 broad and saccate ; the lower sepal carinate and usually sjjreading : pods curved and more 
 or less spreading ou short pedicels, glabrous or sometimes hispid, 2 to 4 inches long i)v a 
 line wide; stigma broad and nearly sessile ; seeds elliptical, narrowly winged. — Ic. t. 40. 
 S. peramcenus, (ireeue, Bull. Torr. Club, xiii. 142. S. albidus, Greene, Pittonia, i. 62 (white- 
 tlowered form).^ — Central California, from Clear Lake to San Luis Obi.spo; freipa-nt. 
 Specimens c(dlected by T. Howell at Waldo in S. Oregon seem to belong here. 
 
 S.* seciindus, Greene. Slender, branched, 1 to 2 feet high, hispidulous: long lower 
 leaves pinuately toothed or lobed ; cauliue lanceolate, sagittate: racemes rather den.se, 
 secund : flowers flesh-color, 4 lines long : sepals sharply carinate, hispid-ciliolate ou the keel ; 
 the remote lower one distinctly, the uppermost obscurely unguiculate : petals with ample 
 ])urple-veined crisped liml) : upper pair of filaments connate to near their scarcely divergent 
 tips, the anthers small but polliniferous : slender pods 2 inches long, falcate-recurved: seeds 
 wingless. — Fl. Francis. 261, & Man. Bay-Reg. 17. — Northern base of Mt. Tamalpais, Calif., 
 (xreene. Description condensed from the original characterization. 
 
 -1— -1— Sepals very unequal ; the outer pair much dilated : pods reflexed. 
 
 S. polygaloides, Gray. Slender, simple or branched, 1 to 3 feet high, glaltrous : leaves 
 lihform, entire, some somewhat clasping and sagittate: flowers very shortly pedicellate, 
 yellowish, 3 lines long : calyx very broad ; the outer pair of sepals suborbicular, unc(iual ; 
 tlie inner lanceolate, acuminate : pods 1 to U inches long by one half line wide, at length 
 
 reflexed, attenuate to a short style; seeds oblong, winged (?). — Proc. Am. Acad. vi. 519. 
 
 California, near Jacksonville on the Tuolumne, Breicer, 1615, and on Mt. Bullion, Bulandcr. 
 
 46. STANF6RDIA, Watson. (Dedicated to Senator Leiand Sfanford, 
 1824-1893, patron of the ' Botany of California,' and founder of the Leluiid 
 Stanford, Jr. University.) — A rare and interesting Californian monotype, well 
 cliaracterized by its obcompressed fruit and 3-parted cotyledons. — I>ot. Calif, ii. 
 470; Prantl in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. 2, 2()(;. [By B. L. 
 
 lioUINSON.] 
 
 1 S. pidchellus k S. Biolettii, Greene, Pittonia, ii. 225, ajipear to be forni.s of this specie.s. 
 
 2 The recently published S.MILDRED.E, Greene, Fl. Francis. 200, of Ocntr. Calif., dillVrs chiefly as 
 to described character in its smaller very dark-colored flowers. S. versicolor, Greene, Erytliea, iii. 99, 
 appears to be only a form of S. glandulosus. 
 
 Several of the cliaracters employed in the distinction of recent species appear unf rustwortliy. Tiius 
 the height to which the upper filaments are connate, as well as tlie degree of divergence of the fre.^ 
 portions, varies mucli in different flowers of the same plant. The depth of color of the calyx and 
 corolla is certainly to be distrusted as a specific character, and the wing of the seeds is most variable. 
 In one of the type specimens of S. rjlandulosus, for instance, the seeds of the same yoA e.\ldbit sonie- 
 tinies a short broad wing at the end, sometimes a narrow wing around much of the circuiufercnce. 
 By laying undue weight upon these characters the number of species could be almost indefinitely 
 multiplied. 
 
172 CRUCIFERiE. Stanfordia. 
 
 S. Calif ornica, Watson, 1. c. Annual, branching, glabrous: radical leaves oiuanceolate in 
 outline, piunatifid, 2 to 4 inches in length, narrowed to winged petioles ; lobes subequal, entire, 
 opposite ; cauline leaves ovate, cordate, sessile, amplexicaul, shallowly few-toothed : racemes 
 elongated, loosely flowered ; pedicels 2 to 4 Hues loug, hispid-pubescent : flowers rather 
 large, often pendulous : calyx ovoid or campanulate, 4 lines in length ; sepals purple-tipped, 
 paler or white toward the broad membranous bases : petals purplish, little exserted ; the 
 claw broad, almost ovate; the blade smaU, crisped: capsules suberect, 12 to 16 lines in 
 length, H to 2 lines broad, becoming chartaceous in texture, tipped with slender styles 1 to 
 
 2 lines long. — Strept<inthus Californicus, Greene, Fl. Francis. 256. — California, near Tulare, 
 Mrs. Bush ; at Deer Creek, Tulare Co., Congdon ; Bakerstield, Kern Co., Greene; fl. Marcli, 
 AprU. 
 
 47. CAULANTHUS, Watson. Wild Cabbage. (KauXos, cabbage, and 
 avBos, flower, in reference to the popular name and the occasional use of certain 
 species as a substitute for the garden vegetable.) — Coarse and more or less 
 succulent herbs of the Far West, chiefly biennials and perennials, nearly related 
 upon the one hand to Thelypodium and on the other to Streptanthns, to which 
 several species were formerly referred. — Bot. King Exp. 19, 27, & Proc. Am. • 
 Acad. xvii. 364; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 36; Wats. Bibl. Index, 55; 
 Prantl, 1. c. 156. [By B. L. Robinson.] 
 
 * Cauline leaves developed, sessile, cordate or auriculate-claspiug at the base, usually oblong 
 and little divided. 
 
 +- Stem glabrous or nearly so : pods ascending or widely spreading. 
 C. amplexicaulis, Watson. Glaucous annual, more slender and fiexuous than the other 
 
 sjiecies, simple or more frequently with several spreading branches : leaves elliptic-oblong or 
 
 ovate ; the lowest somewhat narrowed toward the base, shallowly sinuate-dentate, obtuse ; 
 
 the upper broadly cordate-clasping, subentire, often acutish : racemes loosely few-flowered ; 
 
 flowers ascending; pedicels 4 to 12 lines long, widely spreading. — Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 
 
 364. — Mountains about San Bernardino, Calif., at 4,000 to 6,500 feet alt., Parish Bros., 
 
 Wriijld ; fl. May and June. Whole plant tending to be purplish tinged. 
 
 C. Lemmoni, Watson. Probably annual, becoming much branched, smooth or somewhat 
 hispid ])elow; hairs apparently always simple although sometimes clustered: leaves acute, 
 denticulate or entire, rather short, not usually exceeding an inch in length, oblong or more 
 commonly more or less deltoid, sagittate at the base, witli acutish auricles ; the lowest leaves 
 somewhat narrowed below : racemes more densely flowered : flowers much as in the pre- 
 ceding but pendulous during anthesis : pedicels 3 to 4 lines long, often liispid: capsules 
 strictly erect, stout, 3 to 4 inches long, 2 lines thick, tipped with stout spreading stigmas. — 
 Proc. Am. Acad, xxiii. 261. Streptanthns Pmri/i, Greene, Fl. Francis, i. 257. — Near 
 Cholame, San Luis Obispo Co., Calif., J. G. Sj- S. A. Lemmon; fl. June. 
 
 C. inflatus, Watson. Annual, essentially glabrous, occa.sionally a little hispid below : stem 
 erect, very stout, becoming strongly inflated and fistulous : leaves erect, oblong, obtu.se or 
 obtusish, entire or denticulate, auriculate with rounded basal lobes : racemes rather dense ; 
 pedicels short, often hispid : flowers .spreading or almost horizontal: sepals glabrous: pods 
 
 3 or 4 inches long, 1^ lines thick, ascending Init not erect. — Wats. 1. c. xvii. 364. Streptan- 
 thns inflatus, Greene, Fl. Francis. 257. — Dry hills, Mohave Desert, Lemmon, Parish Bros., 
 Hasse; fl. March to May. 
 
 -i— -i— Hirsute-pubescent : pods distinctly deflexed. 
 C. Coulteri, Watson. Lower leaves olilanceolate, dentate, 2 to 3 inches long ; the upper 
 lanceolate, acute, subentire : racemes rather loosely flowered : flowers horizontal or nearly 
 so : sepals narrow, recurved at the tip, strongly hirsute or quite smooth : pedicels 2 to 4 lines 
 long, becoming deflexed in fruit : cap.sules terete, 3 to 4 inches long. — Bot. King Exp. 27 ; 
 Bibl. Index, 55. Streptanthns heterophylius. Gray, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vii. 145, & Proc. 
 Am. Acad. vi. 185, in part. S. Coulteri, Gray in Wats. Bot. King Exp. 19. — S. California, 
 Th. Coulter; Ft. Tejon and vicinity, Xanthus. 
 
Thclypodlum. CRUCIFKR.E. 1 
 
 * * Caiiline leaves often reduced to linear Ijracts, when well dcvflojicd narrowfil <ir dis- 
 tinctly petiolate at the base. 
 
 -1— Sparingly pilose to hirsute. 
 C. pilosus, Watson. Simple or l)ranihed, biennial, 2 to 4 feet high: stem leafy up to the 
 inlioresceuce : leaves coarsely toothed or piunatifid, 3 to 8 inches in length ; terminal seg- 
 ment not greatly exceeding the others : raceme long, pedicels 2 to 8 lines in length, smooth 
 or hispid, spreading : tiowers rather sni;Ul, greenish, or purple, ascending: caly.x narrow; 
 sepals linear-oblong, 3 to 4 lines in length, usually somewhat iiis|)id, little exceeded by the 
 petals: siliijues long and very narrow, two thirds line in diameter, tiexuous, widely spread- 
 ing or recurved. — Bot. King Exp. 27 ; Brew. & Wats. 1. c. — Sandy soil, in sage brush, &c., 
 N. W. Nevada, Watson, Shocklcy, Crystal Spring, Eastern California, Corille & Fuustun, to 
 Oregon, Howell, Ciislck ; fl. May and June. Immature and therefore doubtful specimens 
 collected at Silver City, Brit. Columbia, along the Canad. I'acif. Kailway, Macoun, are prob- 
 ably introduced from farther south. 
 
 ■i— -I— Stem glabrous. 
 -H- Flowers ascending or erect. 
 C. Crassicaiilis, Watsox. Stem simple, erect, 1 to 3 feet high, very thick, fistulous : leaves 
 chieriy clustered at or near the base, oblanceolate in outline, lyrately toothed or j)innatifid, 
 
 2 to 5 inches long; cauliue leaves few, much reduced, linear or somewhat hastate: flowers 
 subsessile, large : sepals oblong-lanceolate, 5 to 6 lines long, more or less pubescent, usually 
 densely so, often velvety : pods ascending, slender, terete, 4 to 5 inches long. — Bot. King 
 Exp. 27, & Bibl. Index, 55 ; Jones, Zoe, iii. 283. Slrcptoittluis crassicanlis, Torr. in Stansbury, 
 Eep. 383, t. 1, & Flora, 1853, 702 ; Durand, Fl. Utah, 159; Gray, I'roc. Am. Acad. vi. 186.— 
 Kocky ground aud slopes of footln'lls, Utnh to Central and S. California, north to Idaho, 
 ,yiss Mulford; fl. May to July. A form willi slender stem has la-on cnUccted in Bear 
 Valley, S. Calif., Parish Bros. ' 
 
 Var. glaber, M. E. Jones. Sepals as well as other ])arts (luitc glalirons. — Z<ie, iv. 
 266. — S. Utali and E. Nevada. 
 
 C procerus, Watson. An erect stout sparingly branched l)iennial : basal and lower cau- 
 line leaves runcinate-pinnatifid, 4 to 8 inches long, narrowed at the base to a distinct petiole ; 
 uppermost lanceolate, attenuate, subentire : flowers greenish white : pedicels smooth, ascend- 
 ing, 3 lines long : sepals smooth, oblong, 4 lines in length, little exceeded by the petals. — 
 Bot. King Exp. 27 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 36. Streptantlius flavescens, Gray, Proc. 
 Am. Acad. vi. 186, in part. S. procerus. Brew, in Gray, 1. c. 519; Bolander, Cat. 5; Wats. 
 1. c. 19. T helij podium procerum, Greene, Fl. Francis. 263. — Central California. 
 
 C. glauCUS, Watson. Branching, smooth and glaucous : leaves succulent, ovate or lanceo- 
 late, obtuse or acute, subentire ; the cauline well developed, narrowed at the base or 
 abruptly contracted and somewhat decurrent upon the petioles : sepals smooth, tinged with 
 liurple, oblong, 4 lines in length, a line in lireadth : petals ex.«erted and recurved : pedicels 
 
 3 to 5 lines in length, glabrous : fruit slen<ler, terete, 3 to 4 inches long, falcate or flexuous, 
 widely spreading. — Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 364. — In clefts of rock, &c., Nevada, Candelaria, 
 Esmeralda Co., at 6,500 feet alt., S/iocHei/ ; Belleville, Jones ; fl. May and June. 
 
 ++ ++ Flowers horizontal or somewhat deflexed. 
 C. hastatus, Watson. Perennial, erect, 2 to 4 feet high, simjde or sparingly Itraicbed : 
 cauline leaves well developed, variable, usually with a large deltoid to lanceolate acutish or 
 o])tuse subentire or hastately lobed segment and often, but not .always, several nnich smaller 
 segments arranged irregularly u])on the long slender petioles : racemes dense and spike-like: 
 flowers small for the genus, spreading and pendulous almost from the first: sejtals narrow, 
 glabrous, greeiiish white : capsules sleiuler, spreading or ascending, somewhat knotted and 
 often falcate or flexuous. — Bot. King Exp. 28, t. 3; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 30 — 
 Shaded slopes of the AVasatch and I'inta Mountains, Ctah, JVatson, Hooker & Gnu/, to the 
 Blue Muuntains of Oregon, Cusick ; fl. June. 
 
 48. THELYPODIUM, Endl. (©^Av?, female, and tto.'c, foot, stalk, 
 referring to tlie more or less distinetl}' stiped ovar}'.) — A considerable jr^nus of 
 the West and Soiilliwcst, most of the species biennials, often sncenhnt. with 
 
174 CRUCIFEILE. Thebjpodlum. 
 
 purple white or very rarely yellow flowers (mostly smaller than in Caidanthus) 
 
 usually in rather dense racemes. — Gen. 876 ; Wats. Bot. King Exp. 25, & Bibl. 
 
 Index, 7-2 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 37 ; Prantl, 1. c. 155. Pachypodium, 
 
 Nutt. in Torn & Gray, Fl. i. 96; Beuth. «fe Hook. Gen. i. 81. [By B. L. 
 
 Robinson.] 
 
 § 1. Hesperidanthus. Stigma ovate, entire, with a more or less conical 
 
 apex : flowers large, purple : petals with obovate blade : cauline leaves narrow, 
 
 not auriculate. 
 
 T. linearifolium, Watson. An erect smooth perennial, 2 or 3 feet higli, with pale foliage 
 ' ami somewhat curymbosely branched above : basal leaves obovate, sharply toothed, not per- 
 sisting ; cauline linear or linear-oblong, entire, ascending : petals showy, rose-purple, slender- 
 clawed, 10 hues in length : pods slender, 2 to 3 inches long, ascending or erect upon slender 
 spreading pedicels. — Bot, King Exp. 25 ; Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 321. Streptanthus lineari- 
 folkis, Gmv, ri. Fendl. 7. lodanthus or Pacfu/podium linearifolium, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, 
 vi. 187. — Colorado to Texas and Arizona. (Northern Mex.) A species without close 
 affinities in the genus and Avith flowers and stigma somewhat of Hcsperis matronalis. 
 
 § 2. Euthelypodium; Style slender or short and thick, or obsoletfe, truncate 
 or slightly 2-lobed ; stigmatic surface circular or elongated over the valves (ex- 
 cept in T. elegans) : pubescence simple or none. 
 
 * Upper cauline leaves sessile, cordate, or auriculate : jjedicels very short, almost none : 
 siliques arcuate, strongly deflexed. 
 
 T. Cooperi, Watson. Slender erect annual: stems terete, flexuous, glabrous, usually 
 branclied, 8 'inches to 1| feet in height : leaves thickish, oblong, obtusisli, the basal shallowly 
 few-toothed, the others entire, cordate, or sagittate with clasping lobes ; the upjjermost and 
 rameal leaves narrower, lance-linear ; aU tending to fall off, leaving the stem quite naked at 
 fruiting : flowers small : sepals 1^ to 2 lines long, somewhat exceeded by the purplish petals ; 
 the latter narrower than usual in the genus : siliques H inches long, attenuate at the end, 
 commonly falcate, somewhat scabrous with fine stiff hairs. — Proc. Am. Acad. xii. 246, & 
 Bibl. Index, 451. T. — ? Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 38. — S. E. California, Fort 
 Mohave, Cooper ; Mohave River, Palmer ; Cashenberry Springs, Mohave Desert, Parish ; 
 Inyo Co., Coville & Funston ; Colorado Desert, Orcntl ; Arizona, Palmer ; fl. April to June. 
 A very distinct species, suggesting by its habit and fruiting racemes Arahis longirostris, Wats. 
 
 * * Upper cauline leaves sessile, cordate-clasping or auriculate at the base : capsules erect, 
 ascending or widely spreadiTig, 6 to 15 lines in length (the mature fruit of T. eucosmum 
 still unknown, perhaps somewhat longer). 
 
 H- Flowers even in anthesis snbspicate or racemose, i. e. opening in young inflorescences 
 considerably below the bud-bearing apex of the rhachis. 
 
 ++ Inflorescence very dense and spike-like : flowers white or nearly so. 
 
 T. brachycarpum, Torr. i:rect, U to 2^ feet high, simple or branched, quite smooth or 
 somewhat hispid-i)ubescent below : stem becoming stout : leaves thickish ; thq basal oblong 
 or oblanceolate, sinuate-toothed or pinnatifid; the cauline as in the preceding: racemes 
 very dense and spike-like; fruiting pedicels 1 to \\ lines long: flowers small, white: sepals 
 linear nearly or quite equal at the base : petals narrow, much exserted : siliques slender, 
 terete' somewhat knotted, slcnder-stiped and sharply beaked, 8 to 10 lines in length, aseend- 
 in,r J-Bnt. Wilkes Exped. 2.31, t. 1 ; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. vi. 520; Wats. Bot. King Exp. 
 25° 26- Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 37. — Almndant in meadows and mountain valleys, 
 W. Nevada to Central and N. California ; fl. May to August. Said to have the odor and 
 taste of cabbage. 
 
 ++ ++ Inflorescence laxer : flowers roseate or purple. 
 
 T Howellii Watsov. Erect or somewhat decumbent, slender, quite simple or with several 
 'slender simnlc ascending branches, hispid-pubescent near the base, glabrous above : radical 
 If. ■..•>. inimoroiis, rosulate, abont an inch in length, oblanceolate, obtusish, coarsely toothed, 
 
Thehjpodium. CRUCIFERiE. 170 
 
 narrowed at the base ; canline lance-linear, attenuate, safpttatc-anriculate, erect ami usually 
 api)rcssecl, seldom au iucli long: racemes 4 to 6 indies in lfii;jlli ; buds an<l Howers asccnd- 
 ing; pedicels 1^ to :i lines long : sepals oblong, usually ])urplisli tinged; the lateral distinctly 
 saccate at the base: petals narrow, crisped, nearly twice as bjng as the cjilyx : cjipsules 
 slender, 12 to 15 lines in length, slender-beaked. — i^roc. Am. Acad. xxi. 445. — At Camp 
 I'olk and in Harvey Valley, Oregon, IJowdl ; H. June. 
 
 T. eucosmum, Robinson, u. .sp. Biennial or perennial, glabrous: caulinc leaves ublong 
 or lanceolate, entire, spreading, I to 3 inches long: racemes several, very many-flowered; 
 pedicels 2 to 3 lines long: buds and flowers widely spreading, usually horizontal, deej) 
 purplo : petals spatulate, 4 lines long : pods arcuate, ascending, IJ to I A inchefi long (nut 
 mature). — A very attractive species of Oregon, fir.-^t collected at Baker City, It D. S'ecius, 
 1875, and later in the Blue Mts., 7'. Howell, 21 May, 1885, no. 345. 
 
 -1— -J— Flowers opening close to the summit of the intloresceuce, while still coryinlxjsely 
 clustered. 
 
 T. sagittatum, Endl. Biennial, usually branched from the base, often somewhat hispid- 
 piiliescent below, quite smooth above, glaucous : stems subsiniple, ascending or nearly erect, 
 moderately leafy: leaves entire; the radical spatulate, I to 3 inches long; the caulinc 
 ovate-lanceolate to lance-oblong, sagittate-clasping with bluntish auricles : sepals about 2 
 lines long, but half the length of the ro.seate or purplish petals: fruit erect or spreading, 
 often somewhat incurved, torulose and tipped with a slender style. — Endl. ace. to Walp. 
 Rej). i. 172 ; Wats. Bot. King Exp. 25, in paic; Brew. & Wats. I. c. Pnrhi/podium sni/itta- 
 tum, Xutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 97. — S. Utah, Palmer, to the Yellowstone Park, Tundii, 
 and Montana, Watson; in the "Snake Country," I'olmic, and Rocky Mts. of the Northwest, 
 Nuttall, Burke. Said to prefer moist alkaline soil. 
 
 T. flexuosum, Robinson, n. sp. Steins slender, weak, and subdocumbent, flexuous, nearly 
 nakeil alxne : radical leaves numerous, lanceolate, including the slender petioles 4 to G 
 inches in length ; cauline leaves distant, all or at least the upper much reduced, linear- 
 oblong or lance-linear with narrow acutish auricles : flowers and frnit nearly as in the 
 preceding. — T. sac/ ittatum, Wats. Bot. King P^xp. 25, in part; Amlerson, Cat. 117; not 
 Endl. — In alkaline soil among sage brush. &c. Xevada, near Carson City, Avdrrson, 
 no. 140, Truckee Valley, Watson, no. 108 ; California, Surprise Valley, Modoc Co., Leinmon ; 
 Oregon, Union Co., Cusick, no. 921, Harvey Valley, Howell, no. 341. 
 
 T. (■) salsugineum, Robinson, n. sp. A low branching annual, glabrous and glaucous 
 throughout : .stems slon'ler, terete, often flexuous: cauline leaves ovate to oblong, half inch 
 to inch and a (juarter in length, entire, obtusish : flowers small : petals white or nearly so, a 
 line to a line and a half in length: pods 6 to 8 lines long, erect on spreailing pedicels. — 
 Sisi/mbrium salsuffhieum, I'all. It. ii. A])p. no. 114, t. 5; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. i. 185. S. ulaucnm, 
 Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 93. Turritis salsiKjinea. DC. Sy.st. ii. 212. T. {!) dij/usa, 
 Hook. Fl. Hbr.-Am. i. 41. — Rocky Mountains from Colorado at South Park, Porter, to 
 Brit. America and the shores of the Arctic Sea, Rirhnrdson, ace. to Hooker, 1. c. Appar- 
 ently the same as the plant of Central Asia, but too little known in its American occurrence : 
 scarcely differing from other T/ieh/podia except in its low slender habit ami e.xceptioniil 
 range, but very distinct from any American Sisi/mhn'a. 
 
 * * * Leaves as in the preceding: pedicels developed (2 to 6 lines long): siliques elon- 
 gated, usually 2 to 4 inches long, generally arcuate-spreading or somewhat deflexed. 
 
 •i- Petals with a distinctlj' developed blade, obovatc or spatulate. 
 ++ Flowers white or purplish. 
 T. Vaseyi, Coulter. Rather slender, erect, glabrous and glaucous, branching from nejir 
 the base : branches terete, leafy : cauline leaves obovate, obtuse or rounded at the apex, thin, 
 narrowed toward the clasping ba.se, repand-dentate : flowers very small, a line and a half in 
 length, white, closely aggregated at the summit of the axis: fruiting racemes lax: pods 
 rather few, 2 inches long, very slender, nearly erect on ascending pedicels 3 or 4 lines in 
 length. — Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. i. 30, ii. 1.5, t. 1, as to pi. Nealley, the first nientiune 1 
 tyjie, not pi. A'ascy, which is a Sisi/ndtriiim with nnich shorter fruit. In tho.phite, the stem 
 on the left anil the fruiting branch are of pi. Nealley.— .\ very interesting species as yet 
 oidy collected near Rio (Irjmde City, Nenllpi/, evidently ne:irly related to /'. s.ilsiiohoum, 
 from which it differs chiefly in its larger leaves and lonf,er frni; 
 
176 CRUCIFER^. Thclypodlum. 
 
 T- Nuttallii, Watson. Glabrous and glaucous, branching above : leaves entire from lanceo- 
 late to linear-oblong, acute : pedicels 3 to 6 lines long : flowers rather large, lilac-colored, 
 nearly erect, all but the last usually opening some distance below the summit of the inflo- 
 rescence : petals 7 to 8 lines long : pods 2 inches or more in length, nearly erect upon the 
 spreading pedicels. — Bot. King Exp. 25, 26. Streptanthus safjittatus, Nutt. Jour. Acad. 
 Philad. vii. 12 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 666. — S. Idaho, on the Li'ttle Goddin River, Wyelh, to 
 Yakima Region, Washington, Brander/ee. ; Oregon, Nerins, Ciisiclc; N. Nevada and N. Utah, 
 Watson ; Arizona, Ices, ace. to Watson. A species of considerable variability as inter- 
 preted by Dr Watson, but difficult to render more defiij|i 'i, owing to Nuttall's brief descrip- 
 tion and fragmentary type. 
 
 T. ambiguum, Watson. Smooth, glaucous, stout, erect, branching, 2 to 5 feet high, leafy : 
 leaves thick ; the radical coarsely and irregularly toothed, 4 to 8 inches long ; the upper 
 cauline and rameal oblong, subentire, acutish or obtuse and cuspidate : racemes elongated ; 
 pedicels 2 to 3 lines long, divaricate : floral envelopes rather deep purple, strongly contrast- 
 ing with the bright yellow anthers : sepals oblong, smooth, 3 lines in length : petals full}' 
 twice as long, with broad obovate patulous blade and slender claws : siliques slender, 3 to 4 
 inches long, widely, spreading or somewhat defiexed ; stipe 1^ to 2 lines in length. — Proc. 
 Am. Acad. xiv. 290, & Bibl. Index, 451 (exd. syn. in part). Strei>tanthus suglttatus, Gray, 
 Bot. Ives Rep. 6. — A showy but coarse species of N. Arizona, Newbern/, Palmer, Lemmon. 
 
 T. elegans, M.E.Jones. Habit and foliage much as in the preceding: cauline • leaves 
 ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acutish, very glaucous : flowers opening at the summit of the 
 raceme, somewhat smaller : petals narrower and much paler purple : capsules very short- 
 stiped or sessile on the receptacle, sometimes suberect; stigma distinctly bifid; lobes nearly 
 erect, and standing over the placentai: — Zoe, iv. 265. — S. W. Colorado, Braiideijre, 1875, 
 "common on adobe plains " near Westwater, Jones, 1890, and at Coal Mine, S. H. Camp, 
 1893 ; fl. May ; fr. June. A specimen from North Park, Crandall, ma}' also be of this species, 
 but is too immature for certainty. 
 
 •H- ++ I'lowers bright yellow. 
 
 T. aureum, Eastwood. Glaucous biennial, branching from the base, somewhat pilose 
 below, 1 to 3 feet high : branches numerous, terete, slender, leafy : basal leaves oblanceolate, 
 dentate ; cauline ovate, deeply cordate-clasping, entire, an inch or more in length : racemes 
 rather dense ; pedicels spreading, ascending, in fruit about 3 lines in length : sepals oblong, 
 2 lines in length, obtuse, glabrous, yellow as well as the spatulate moderately exserted 
 petals: siliques well stiped, ascending, 2 to 2j inches long. — Zoe, ii. 227. — Durango, 
 Colorado, Miss Eastwood ; H. June. Exceptional in the color of the flowers but obviously 
 close to the preceding. 
 
 -1— -i— Petals very narrow, linear: cauline leaves narrowly oblong or linear. 
 
 T. stenopetalum, Watson. Glabrous, much branched from the base, a foot or more in 
 height: i)rauches slender, terete, ascending: leaves sagittate-auriculate, erect, 1 to 2 inches 
 long, acutish, somewhat fleshy : racemes elongated, many-flowered ; pedicels ascending, 
 thickened at the apex : buds lance-linear : sepals narrow, 5 lines long, purple, exceeded by 
 the long narrow apparently white or roseate petals : siliques slender, suberect, flexuous. — 
 Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 468. — Stony hillsides, Bear Valley, San Bernardino Co., Calif., 
 Parish ; fl. June. 
 
 # * * * Leaves sessile by a narrowed base or distinctly petioled, not auriculate. 
 -»— Inflorescence usually corymbosely branched : spiltes very dense : pods widely spreading. 
 
 T. integrifolium, Endl. Erect, glabrous : radical leaves ovate-lanceolate, varying greatly 
 in size, 1 to 8 inches long, half as broad, obtusish, entire or repand, contracted below into 
 petioles nearly equal in length ; upper cauline leaves lance-linear, sessile, acute, erect : spikes 
 very short, several to many ; pedicels crowded, divaricate, 1 to 5 lines long, commonly rigid 
 and somewhat thickened : pods slender, about an inch long, usually nodulose, sharp-pointed, 
 curved upwards ; gynophore short, a fourth to half line in length. — Endl. ace. to Walp. 
 Rep. i. 172. Parhi/'podium intprjrifolium, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 96, 668 ; Hook. & Arn. 
 Bot. Beech. 321, t. 74 ; Torr. in Fre'm. Rep. 87. — Plains from Colorado and Nebraska to 
 R. California and Washington ; fl. in midsummer, rather common. 
 
 Var. gracilipes, Robinson, n. var. Racemes more elongated, becoming 4 inches or 
 more in length : pods borne upon a slender gynophore (1 to 1 J lines long). — S. W. Colorado, 
 T. S. Brandegee, no. 1233. 
 
Tkebjpodium. CRL'CIFEILE. 1 
 
 / / 
 
 iier narrow. 
 
 T. Wrightii, Gkay. Sleiuler-stcinnKiil aiul paniadalLly l)ranflioci: i.-.i,. ••nil;. 
 
 laiiceolute to linear, toothed or pimiatifid ; s(,-<,riiienLs mostly eutire ; tlie upperniotil leu!. '• 
 -ften entire: racemes 2 to 5 inches long; pedicels (ilif..rni, divaricate, in fruit 3 to 5 lines in 
 lengtli : flowers somewhat larger than in tlie preceding : petals ahout 3 lines in length : 
 capsules very slender, 1.^ to nearly 3 inches in length. — PI. Wright, i. 7, & ii. 12; Torr &. 
 Gray, IVif. K. Hep. ii. 126; Porter & Coulter, Fl. Col. 9; Coulter, Man. Jtof-kyMt. Ueg 
 21. — Colorado to New Mexico, Arizona, and S. Utah; growing in m.juutainous regions 
 at moderate altitudes. (Mex., Primjle; Lower Calif., Orcutt.) 
 
 T. laciniatum, Endl. Glabrous bieiiuial, usually stouter than the preceding and less 
 branched: leaves broader, somewliat Heshy, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, more irregularly cut ;' 
 segments usually again toothed or lobed; the uppermost leaves often snbentire ; petioles 
 rather long : racemes especially tlie terminal one sometimes a foot or more in length ; 
 pedicels short, even in fruit seldom exceeding 2 to 3 lines in lengtli, rather rigid, divaricate : 
 pods slender, widely and irregularly spreading, I h to 3 inches long. — Kndl. 1. c. T. ne- 
 fjlecium, Jones, Am. Nat. 1883, 875, as to pi. descr. and type in part. Mncropodlnm lurlnialnm, 
 Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 43. Pack ij podium laciniatum, Nutt. 1. c. 96. — Mountaiu valleys, etc.,' 
 Nevada and N. California to Washington ; fl. May and June. 
 
 -1- H— Inflorescence simple, elongated, or branched ; branches usuaUy long and more loosely 
 flowered than in tlie preceding division: pods erect or spreading, sometimes rigid. 
 
 I . flavescens, Watson. Glabrous or more or less pilose : stem terete, erect, 2 feet or 
 more in heiglit, branched above: cauline leaves oblong-lanceolate, shallowlv dentate or 
 denticulate: pedicels about 3 lines in length, scattered, ascending: flowers nearly white: 
 sepals linear-oblong, acute, 3 lines long, considerably exceeded by "tlie narrow linear crisped 
 petals : siliques 2i inches long, rigid, taper-pointed, at flrst pilose, later quite glabrous. •— J3ot. 
 King Exp. 25. Streptanthnsflacescens, Toir. Pacif. K. Kep. iv. 65, not of Hook. — Ccutral 
 California, Beuicia, Bic/clow, Antioch, A.'. Brandegee. 
 
 T. lasioph^Uum, Greene. Erect annual, hispid below, often smoothish above : leaves 
 oblanceolate or oblong in outline, irregularly sinuate-toothed or pimiatiiid with .spreading 
 acute or obtuse entire or toothed segments, l^to 6 inches long, distinctly petioled or the 
 upper sessile by a narrow base : flowers rather small, chjsely clustered, roseate or yellowish 
 white: sepals oblong, scarcely more than half the length of the narrow spatulate oblong 
 petals : fruiting pedicels very short, f to U lines long, rather firm, curved : pods commonly 
 deflexed, slender and somewhat curved, attenuate at the apex; stigma quite simple. — liuli. 
 Torr. Club, xiii. 142. Sisi/inhritim reflaxum, Nutt. Proc. Acad. Philad. iii. 2G, & Jour. i. 183. 
 ■? S. pufiTiKPiim, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray Fl. i. 91, 667. S. deflexum, Ilarv. in Torr. Pacif. IJ. 
 Kep. iv. 66. S. hisiophi/lium, K. Brr.ndegee, Zoe, ii. 339. Turritis (?) Insiojihj/l/a, Hook. & 
 Am. Bot. Beech. 321. En/simuni refrof'ractum, Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 230. — Sandy and 
 rocky soil, Utah, Putmer, Joiies, and ArizcMia. Palmer, to California and Wa.shingtun, 
 Su/c.tdorf. A common and variable species, with the attenuate pods, simple stigma, and 
 often purjilish flowers of this genus, but included by many and with almost equal propriety 
 in Sisijmbriiim. 
 
 Var. rigidum, Robinson, n. var. Foliage and flowers as in type : pods deflexed but 
 widely spreading, curved outwards, very rigid and pungent. — T. rigidum, Greene, Pitttjiiia, 
 i. ty2. —Collected by Jones "on the Mexican boundary," 1882 ; by Ma;/ at. Elmiia. Calif., 
 1883; and i)y Greene near Antioch, Calif. 
 
 Var. inalienum, Roiuxson, u. var. Whole haldt a.s. well as floral characters of the 
 type : pods erect or slightly spreading, less rigid and pungent than in the last. — Si.tj/mhn'iim 
 acntangidum. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 41,' not DC — Central California near the coast; 
 "back of Sta. Barbara and Los Angeles," Brewer, uos. 194. 417 ; Oakland, Holder, no. 2524 ; 
 San Francisco, Kellogg & Harford, no. .55. The European SIsi/mhrium amlangulnm, DC, of 
 similar habit, has shorter inflorescences, less numerous pods of le.ss rigid texture, somewhat 
 larger flowers and stigmas almost iUways slightly 2-lobed. witli lobes lying over the pla- 
 centa; as usual in Sim/mhrium. 
 
 T. Hookeri, GRtii.vE'. Annual with habit of thepreccdiiigsp.-ti.'s : leayes hispid pubescent 
 upon tin; midrib beneath : pedicels more widely sprcailing, 2 to 3 lines in length : flowers 
 somewhat smaller: sepals narrowly oblong, H, to 2 lines in length, widely .spreading, not 
 gi-eatly exceeded by the narrow although flat jietals : fruiting pedicels short, curved 
 
 12 
 
178 CRUCIFEII.E. Thehjpodium. 
 
 upward : pods slender, siibtcrete, attenuate at the apex, sometimes a little pubescent wlien 
 young. —Fl. Francis. 263. iitreptatithus jiavescens. Hook. Ic. t. 44. — Mountains of Central 
 California. 
 
 T. Lemmoni, Greene. Smooth glaucous annual, becoming rather stout: lower leaves 
 large, 6 to 8 inches long, 2 to 3 inches broad, tapering to an obtusish point, abruptly con- 
 tracted at the bade, sinuate-dentate ; several of the teeth especially toward the base much 
 larger than the rest, irregular ; petioles half inch long ; upper leaves lance-linear, attenuate 
 at both ends : pale purple flowers and fruit closely as in the preceding. — West Am. 
 Scientist, iii. 156, & Fl. Francis. 263. — Central California, on adobe hills near San Luis 
 Obispo, 'Lemmon, and, ace. to Prof. Greene, abundant in grain fields near Triuiy. This 
 species in floral characters is exceedingly close to the preceding; in foliage, however, very 
 different. Intermediate forms are to be expected. 
 § 3, Heterothrix. Stigma entire or subentire, circular in outline or slightly 
 
 elongated over the placentas : pubescence at least in part of branched hairs. 
 
 T. micranthum, Watson. Erect biennial, densely stellate-pubescent especially below : 
 'stem usually slender; l)rauches elongated, virgate : lowest leaves oblanceulate, shallowly 
 toothed, obtuse, attenuate below to slender petioles ; upper leaves lance-linear, subentire ; 
 floral linear : racemes elongating before the oj)ening of the flowers ; pedicels short, ascend- 
 ing : buds subglobose : sepals short and broad, purple, sometimes pubescent, little exceeded 
 by" the whitish (?) petals: pods 9 to 16 lines long, nearly terete, ascending or spreading; 
 valves 1-uerved; style very short. — Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 321. T. longifolium, Rothrock 
 in Wheeler, Rep. 65^! not Wats. Streptanthus micranthus. Gray, PI. Fendl. 7. S. lonyifolins, 
 Gray, PI. Wright ii. 10, not Beuth. — Mountains of S. W. Texas, Havard, Nealley ; New 
 Mexico, Fendler, Wright; Arizona, Rothrock, Pringle, Lemmon. {Uex., Schajfner, Palmer, 
 Pringlf.) 
 
 T. longifolium, Watson. Erect, slender, densely pubescent below and somewhat hispid 
 ' with branched hairs : lower leaves fugacious, long-lanceolate, repand-dentate ; upper leaves 
 long and very narrowly linear, entire : inflorescence as in the last but flowers larger, 2 to 2.^ 
 lines long : sepals short-oblong, obtuse, usually deep-purple: siliques at maturity 2* to 3i 
 inches long, slender, deflexed, more or less attenuate to a slender style. —Bot. King Exp. 25, 
 & Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 321. Streptanthus longifolms, Benth.- PI. Hartw. 10. — New Mexico, 
 Fendler; Arizona, Lemmon. (Mex., Coulter, Hartweg, Schaffner, Seuton) 
 
 49. STANLl&YA, Nutt. (Dedicated to Lord Edward Stanley, 1779- 
 1849, distinguished as an ornithologist and at one time president of the Linnean 
 Society.) — A small genus of stout western plants, usually glabrous and chiefly 
 distinguished from the neighboring genera by having elongated clavate buds, 
 cream-colored or yellow flowers, and long-stiped ovaries. — Gen. ii. 71; DC 
 Prodr. i. 200 ; Gray, Gen, 111. i. t. 65 ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 80. [By B. L. 
 Robinson.] 
 
 * Middle cauline leaves sessile, auriculate-clasping at the base, not deeply lobed. 
 S. viridiflora, Nutt. Stout, glabrous, mostly simple, erect or somewhat decumbent, 1 to 4 
 feet high; stem angulate : leaves thickish ; the basal and lower cauline ovate to oblanceo- 
 late, sometimes a little angled or runcinately l-2:toothed or even pinnatifid at the base, 
 attenuate below into long flat wnnged and often somewhat toothed petioles : middle cauline 
 lanceolate, hastate, acute, entire, gradually reduced n])war(l : raceme long, usually simple ; 
 pedicels in fruit stoutish, 3 to 4 lines long, divaricate : buds becoming 7 lines long and scat- 
 tered before opening bv the rapid prolongation of the axis; flowers greenish. — Nutt. in 
 Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 98 ;" Gray, PI. Fendl. 9 ; Wats. Bot. King Exp. 25; Jones, Zoe, iii. 283. 
 The suggested .S'. collina of' Jones, 1. c, appears to be the typical form of the species.— 
 Rocky Mountains of Wyoming and S. Montana, westward to Oregon and Nevada; fl. IMay 
 to July. 
 
 Var. confertiflora, lioniN.soN, n. var. Stems terete: buds shorter, 4 to 5 lines long, 
 den.sely parked togetiier until they open ; flowers smaller and much more numerous : fruit- 
 ing pedicels very slender, C to 7 lines lung, crowded, divaricate. —Base of Stein's Mouniaii., 
 
Warea. CllUCIFER.E. 179 
 
 Oregon, Thos. Iluw( II, 30 May, 18><."). A doulitful spciimen witli in<»re .slenrlcr ami flungatefl 
 
 pods but otlierwise similar has i>oen collt'cteil at Caiidciaria, Nevada, Shoc.klnj, .Scptciiibcr, 
 
 1882. 
 
 ♦ * Middle caulinc leaves ilistinctly j)etioled or sessile by a narrow base, not aiiriciilate- 
 
 clasi)ing, often pinnatifid. 
 -t- White wooliy-pubestent: caulino leaves slender-petioled, hastately lobed at the biuw, 
 otherwise entire or nearly so. 
 
 S. tomentosa, Parry. Stout, simple, erect : root tiiick, brown, brani-lied, j>erennial : 
 stem terete below, angled above : lower leaves lyrately jiinnatifid ; terminal segment ovate- 
 lanceolate, 1 to 3 inches in length, about an inch T)road; tiie lower segments ovate-<iblitng. 
 much smaller: raceme tiiick, 1 to 2 feet long, pedicels three fourths inch in length, clavate 
 at the summit : flowers cream-colored : sti|>e of the capsule nearly or quite as long ai> tlie 
 pedicels. — Am. Nat. viii. 212; Wats. Bibl. Index, 71. — Dry .slopes, in gyp.saceou3 soil, (»wl 
 Creek, N. W. Wyoming, Farn/. 
 
 •i— •*-- Glabrous or glabrate. 
 
 S. elata, M. E. Jonk.s. Quite smooth, often glaucous, simj)le or branched; stem tall, terete: 
 leaves coriaceous ; the lower narrowed toward the ])etiok', entire or si)mewh;it toi>tiied at 
 the base ; the middle and upper cauline ovate-lanceolate, entire, acute, alirujitly contracted 
 to slender petioles of a third their length : inHorescence long-peduncled ; jjedicels 3 line« in 
 length: sepals petaloid, bright yellow, with a well developed spatulate bhule : petals of 
 about equal length but much narrower and less conspicuous : filaments woolly : mature fruit 
 not seen. — Zee, ii. IG; Coville, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. iv. 64. — Hawthorne, Nevada, 
 Jones : Inyo Co., Calif., Coville & Funs/on. 
 
 S. albescens, M. E. Jones. Erect, branching : leaves thickish, very pale and glaucous, 
 oblanceclate or oblong in outline, lyrately piunatifid or entire, distinctly petiole<l beneath 
 the narrowed often hastately aurieled base : pedicels 4 to 6 lines long : sepals greenish white, 
 slightly enlarged above: petals 5 lines long, crcam-coloreil, witli a broad lilade, smonth or 
 .somewhat pubescent below: anthers tightly coiled: silique curvetl-asceuding, 1.^ to 2 incheM 
 long; stipe 6 to 8 lines in length. — .Zoe, ii. 17; Eastwood, ibid. ii. 227. — Dry soil, New 
 Mexico, Palmer; Arizona, on the Moencoppa, Jones; Moqui Village, teens ; Colorado, 
 Grand Junction, Miss Eastwood, on the Gunnison Kiver, Cowen. 
 
 S. pinnatifida, Nutt. Branching, glabrous or sparingly pubescent, li to 3 feet high • 
 stems terete or nearly so, flexuous, rather slender, leafy : leaves thickish, very variable, 
 commonly p-nnatifid or pinnately divided ; .segments lance-oblong or oblftnccolate-ellijitic, 
 rarely linear, mostly entire ; the terminal one somewhat larger ; petioles narrow : ra«'emes 
 long ; pedicels 2 to .5 lines in length : .sepals narrow, pale yellow or greenish : jjctals bright 
 yellow, spatulate, mncli exserted, usually rather narrow : anthers curved or loosely coiled : 
 capsule 1 J to 2i inches lung, a line in diameter, widely spreading, a.scendin}r or .somewhat 
 deflexed";"stipe"3 to 7 lines long. — Gen. ii. 71 ; DC. Syst. ii. 512; Torr. & (Jray, Fl. i. 97: 
 Gray, Gen. 111. i. 154, t. 65, & PI. Fendl. 9 ; Wats. Bot. King Exp. 24 ; Jones. 1. r. ^'. lirtp. 
 rojthylla, Nutt in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 97. 5. Jhilicosa, Nutt. Proc. Acad. Phila<l. iii. 23 
 S. pinuaUi, Hritton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. viii. 62. Cleomr piunatn, I'ursh, Fl. ii. 739. 
 Var. iNTEGiiiF6i,iA, Kobin.son, n. var. Leaves entire, ovate or elliptic, attenuate to each 
 end {S. inlecfrifolia, James, Cat. 185, & iu Long Exp. ii. 17; Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ii. 166, 
 & in Sitgreaves, Rep. 156, t. 1, occurring in similar situations with the type and not distin- 
 guished except I)y its foliage). — W. Kan.s;vs and Nebnuika to Texas and S. California, 
 northward to the l.'pper Mi.ssouri Hivcr. The commonest and most variable species, closely 
 simulating the Capjinridacem in habit; tl. M.ay to August. 
 
 50. WAREA, Nutt. {Mr. Nathaniel A. Ware, 1780- IS,").], tlio (Jisooverer, 
 who wa.s a teacher in S. Carolina and tr:ivelle<l ."Somewhat widtly in the Southorn 
 States.) — A genus of two erect slender glabrous :innual.'*, separated from 
 Stanleya chieH\' by their white or roseate Howers an«l dense snbcorvmlioiie 
 inflorescence, which together with the well stalked pods recall certain Cappa' 
 ri^^acecp. — ,^ our. Acad. Philad. vii. 8;^, t. 10; Torr. & Cray, Fl. i. !»8 ; (;r:iy, 
 Gen. 111. i. lofi, t. 60; IVnth. & Hook. Ceii. i. HO. [\\\ 11. L. KoniNSoN.] 
 
180 CRUCIFERiE. Warea. 
 
 W. cuneifolia, Nutt. Root long, slender, vertical : stem l| to 2 feet high, with a few 
 slender ascending simple branches : leaves obovate to oblong or linear, obtuse or retuse, 
 sometimes mucrouate, cuneate at tlie base, sessile, 8 to 12 lines long; the thyrsoid or corym- 
 bose inflorescence dense ; the lower pedicels horizontally spreading : flowers white or pur- 
 plish : petals sub-orbicular with a very slender claw : gynophore in fruit 3 to 6 lines long ; 
 siliques slender, curved, pendulous, 15 lines in lengtli. — Nutt. 1. c. 84 ; Gray, 1. c. 156, t. 6'6; 
 Chapm. Fl. 28. Cleome cuneifolia, Muhl. Cat. 61. Staideija gracilis, DC. Syst. ii. 512, & 
 Prodr. i. 200. — Sandy hills, Georgia to S. Florida ; fl. August to November. 
 
 "W. amplexifolia, Nutt. Resembling the preceding closely in habit and technical char- 
 acters but with shorter ovate acutish leaves (6 to 7 lines long) with broad sessile slightly 
 clasping bases: flowers purple, a little larger. — Nutt. 1. c. 83, t. 10; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 98. 
 Stanleya amplexifolia, Nutt. Am. Jour. Sci. v. 297. — Sandy hills, Florida, apparently less 
 frequent than the other ; fl. September. 
 
 Ordeii XI. CAPPARIDACEyE. 
 
 By a. Gray. 
 
 Herbs, or in warm countries some shrubs or trees ; with pungent or acrid 
 watery juice, alternate leaves, and 4-merous but 6-androus flowers after the type 
 of Gruciferoe, or some polyandrous, a usually one-celled ovary with (commonly 
 two) parietal placentae, and no false partition between them, amphitropous or 
 campylotropous ovules, and reniform seeds filled with an incurved embryo, the 
 cotyledons incumbent. Leaves mostly palmately compound. Flowers her- 
 maphrodite. Receptacle often thickened or lengthened between the petals and 
 stamens. Fruit when dehiscent with valves apt to separate from filiform placentas 
 in the way of Fumariacece and some Papaveraceee. Fruit anomalous and 2-celled 
 in Wislizenia and OxystyUs. 
 Tribe I. CLEOIMEib:. Fruit a 2-valved capsule or 2-coccous. Chiefly herbs and 
 
 annuals. 
 
 * Shrubby : capsule inflated, many-seeded, tardily dehiscent. 
 
 1. ISOMERIS. Calyx 4-cleft, persistent. Petals 4, not unguiculate. Receptacle dilated 
 into a hemispherical torus, bearing the 6 exserted equal stamens, enlarged and glandular on 
 the upper side. Ovary long-stipitate, many-ovuled on the two placentae ; style very sliort : 
 stigma minute. Capsule oval, inflated, coriaceous, tardily 2-valved. Seeds smooth. 
 
 * * Herbaceous : capsule membranaceous, several-many-seeded, one-celled, 2-valved : valves 
 falling away from the nerviforra placent£e. 
 -J— Stamens 8 to 32, rarely fewer : torus depressed, bearing a gland on the upper side. 
 
 2. CRIST ATELLA. Petals laciniate, cuneate-flabelliform ; the two anterior smaller, all 
 conspicuou.% unguiculate. Stamens 6 to 14. Ovary declined, behind it a conspicuous 
 tubular truncate gland. Cap.sule ascending, short-stipitate, linear. Seeds cochleate-reniform. 
 
 3. POLANISIA. Petals entire or emarginate, little unequal, commonly unguiculate. A 
 small solid gland usually on the torus behind the sessile or short-stipitate ovary. Capsule 
 linear to oblong, many-seeded. 
 
 ^_ ^^ Stamens 6 : torus more or less thickened and sometimes elevated between the inser- 
 tion of the entire more or less ascending petals and the stamens. Calyx usually deciduous. 
 
 4. CLEOME. Capsule linear to oval, several-many-seeded. Mostly a gland or projection of 
 the torus on the upper side, behind the ovary. 
 
 6. CLEOMELLA. Capsule few-seeded, siliculose, m<ire or less flattened contrary to the 
 replum; valves cymbiform to elongated-conical! (iland of torus obsolete or wanting. 
 Petals not ungniculate. 
 
CrisUilMa. CAl'l'AKIDACE.E. 181 
 
 * * * Herbaceous, auiiual: ovary 2-celk(l, diilymous, the cells l-2<)vuled; iu fruit each 
 carpel a nutlet or utricle separating by a small perforate cicatrix from the persistent an<l 
 indurated axis and rigid style: seed couduplicate: torus very short between the obovate- 
 spatulate petals and the 6 stameus. 
 
 6. WISLIZENIA. Stamens with long and iiliform filaments and short anthers. Ovary 
 with lung filiform stipe : style long and filiform, soon indurated. Cai*l»els divaricate and 
 oblate-ol)ovate, in fruit coriaceous, reticulated, tilled by the solitary seed, tardily falling 
 away from tlie oval pertuse replum, the scar with thickish border ilntl small ojjeu centre. 
 Flowers racemose. 
 
 7. OXYSTYLIS. Stamens little surpassing the petals. Ovary with short and stout stijR-. 
 style very long, subulate, and with the solid placental ba.se soon indurated and s])in»»ecent. 
 Carpels comparatively small, obovate ; in fruit smooth, thin and soft, coufornit^d to the obo- 
 vate couduplicate seed, the testa of which is cartilaginous. Flowers densely glomerate. 
 
 Tribe II. CAPPAREiE. Fruit indfliisceiit, more or less lleshy or baccate. Shrubs 
 or trees. 
 
 8. ATAMISQUEA. Sepals dissimilar ; two outer concave, valvate in the bud ; two inner 
 mucli smaller, spatulate. Petals 4, uneipial, small. T(jrns cyathiform and oblique, dentate, 
 bearing about 9 unequal stamens, of wliich three or four are reduced to stamiuodia. Ovary 
 loug-stipitate, ovoid, one-celled, with 4 parietal jduriovulate placentiu and a subsessile 
 stigma. Fruit globular, fleshy, lepidote-canescent, 1-2-seeded. Cotyledons plicate-convolute. 
 
 9. CAPPARIS. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Stamens numerous, on a short torus: filaments 
 tiliforni or capillary. Ovary loug-stipitate, one-celled with 2 p.irietal plarentif in our 
 species, or spuriously 2-celled : stigma sessile. Fruit many-seeded, baccate, or sometimes 
 becoming dry and bursting irregularly. Embryo convolute : cotyledons foliaceous. 
 
 1. ISOMERIS, Nutt. (Formed of lo-os, equal, /xcpt's, part, perhaps in allu- 
 sion to the equality of the stamens.) — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 124; Hook, 
 Bot. Mag. t. 3842; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 106. — Single species. 
 
 I. arborea, Nutt. 1. c. Low and stout or sometimes taller and arborescent shrul), with 
 hard yellow wood, ill-scented, puberulent: leaves 3-foliolate; leaflets oblong to lanceolate, 
 about the length of the petiole, entire, mucronate : flowers in terminal bracteate raceme: 
 most of the bracts simjile or unifoliolate : petals yellow : capsule inch or two long, long- 
 stipitate.i — Dry ground, S. California, from Santa Barbara to the Mexican border and the 
 Colorado Desert; first coll. by Th. Coulter; fl. summer. 
 
 Var.* globosa, ('ovillk. Young stems not glaucous as in the type: capsules short 
 and thick, subglobose, truncate or nearly so. — Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. \\\. 7;), & Contrib. 
 U. S. Nat. Herb. iv. 67, t. 4. — Near Calieute, Keru Co., Ciilif., (''■'•''■'. Sni.! i.. Inff^rgrade 
 freely with the longer-fruited form. 
 
 2. CRISTATELLA, Nutt. (A kind of diminutive of cristn, a crc^t, prob- 
 ably in allusion to the fringe-toothed petals.) — Two very similar species of 
 erect and branching annuals, leafy, puberulent and viscid ; with jietiolate pal- 
 mately 3-foliolate leaves, linear leaflets, and small slender-pedicelled racemoscly 
 disposed flowers in the axils of upper leaves, some of which are reduced to bracts : 
 petals white, cream-color, or yellowish, and stamens purplish. — Jour. Acad. 
 Philad. vii. 85, t. 9; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 123; (iray, Gen. 111. i. 177, t. 77. 
 Cyi-hasmm, Endl. Gen. 891. 
 
 C. erosa, Nctt. I.e. 86. A foot or two high : petals very une(|Uiil : Made of the larger ront- 
 monly 3 lines long, and with claw idmost e(|ualling the dcej)!y dissected smaller ones : fila- 
 ments elongated, at first declined: cap.sules inch or two long, on stipe of about Ivfit-o ih<< 
 length of the marccscent gland : seeds smoothish. — Cyrbasium erosum, Emll. in Wulp. Kep. 
 
 1 Add syn. Cleomc arborea, Greene, ?itt(.iii;i, i. 200. 
 
2^2 CAPrAKlDACEJ^. CrLslutdla. 
 
 i. 196. — Sauilbauks, &c., S. W. Arkansas and Ttxa^s first coU. by NuUall. (Here Drum- 
 niond's Texan plant, which vas referred to the next.) 
 C. Jamesii, Tokr. & Gray, L c 124. Flowers one half smaller : petals less unequal, larger, 
 ' barely a line and a half long : stamens 6 to 9, rarely declined, little longer than the petals : 
 capsiiles inch or less long, ^^^th stipe seldom much exceeding tlie gland. — Gray, Tl. Fendl. 
 10, & Gen. 111. i. 178. Cyrbasiuin Jamesii, Endl. in Walp. 1. c. — Sandbanks, S. Kansas 
 to W. Louisiana and Texas ; first coll. by James. 
 
 3. POLANISIA, Kaf. (Contraction of ttoAv's, m-Awj, and avto-o?, unequal, 
 referring to the stamens.) — Mostly glandular and viscid heavy-scented annuals; 
 with palmately 3-5-foliolate leaves, uppermost reduced to bracts of the racemose 
 flowers; fl. in summer. — Am. Monthly Mag. 1818, 267, Am. Jour. Sci. i. 378, 
 & Jour. Phys. Ixxxix. 98 (1819) ; DC. Prodr. i. 242; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 122; 
 Gray, Gen. 111. i. 181, t. 79.^ Jacksonia, Raf. Med. Rep. hex. 2, v. 352. 
 
 r. ,xj,v.5sA, Y>(^ . of the East Indies, one of the ambiguous members of this genus, with 
 hardly any claws to the (yellow) petals, and short stamens, is an occasional ballast-weed at 
 eastern ports. The genuine members of the genus are N. American and Mexican. 
 
 * Leaflets and capsules linear : habit of Cristatella : flowers white. 
 P. tenuifolia, Torr. & Gray. Slender, freely branching, viscidulous-puberulent, but the 
 '(3) filiform-linear leaflets nearly smooth and glabrous: petals short-unguiculate, oval or 
 ovate, unequal, larger 2 lines long, about the length of the 9 to 11 unequal stamens: capsule 
 2 inches long, terete, minutely but strongly reticulated, short-stipitate : seeds smooth. — Fl. 
 i. 123. — Sandhills bordering 'the ocean, Georgia? (Le Conte) and E. Florida, Rugel, Palmer, 
 Gurher, Curtiss. 
 
 * * Leaflets 3, oblong-lanceolate to obovate: upper bracts of simple small leaves: capsules 
 
 turgid, lanceolate-oblong: petals white or cream-color, sometimes changing to pink, 
 
 slender-unguiculate, emarginate: filaments 12 to 24, purple. 
 
 P grav.^ ■l-'ns, Raf. Kaceme leafy or short: petals 2 or 3 lines long, little surpassed by 
 
 'the stamens. -'■■'■ -'nly half the length of the ovary: capsule contracted at base into a 
 
 short stipe: seeds su. ■ i. o^ nearly so. -Am. Jour. Sci. i. 379, Jour. Phys. 1. c., & Med. 
 
 Bot ii 61 f 74- Deless. Ic. o- ; "i. t. 6; Torr. & Gray. Fl. i. 123. Cleome dodecandra, 
 
 Michx. Fl'. ii. 32 ; Bart. Fl. N. A. i. oo, . ^^ • Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. 254 ; not L. C. viscosa, 
 
 Spreng. Syst. ii. 1 25, partly. C. graveokns, ScLv 1 1 ^yst. vii. 45. — Gravelly shores, &c., Lake 
 
 Champlain, the St. Lawrence at Montreal, and Ne,. I'.rk to Minnesota, southward to 
 
 Missouri and Chesapeake Bay, ace. to Porter. 
 
 P trachysperma, Torr. & Gray. Mostly larger: petals 4 or 5 lines iv >-■ capillary 
 
 purple filaments at length 5 or 6 lines long: style as long as the ovary or longer: ca^ i> 
 
 contracted more or less at base but not stipitate : seeds at maturity usually but not always 
 
 roughish or verrucose. — Fl. i. 669; Gray, PL Fendl. 10, & Gen. 111. i. 182, t. 79; Brew. & 
 
 Wats Bot. Calif, i. 51. P. umghndulosa, Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. iv. 67, & Bot. Mex. Bound. 
 
 35 ; Wats. Bot. King Exp. 34 ; not Cav. — Gravelly and sandy banks, &c., Texas to Iowa and 
 
 north to Manitoba, west to Arizona, Oregon, and interior of Brit. Columbia. (Adj. Mex., 
 
 where sometimes petals become pink. ) One extreme nearly passes hito preceding, the other 
 
 approaches the next. Becoming naturalized eastward. 
 
 'p uniglandulosa, DC. Petals (with their filiform claws) over half inch long: capillary 
 
 'filaments H to 2 inches long: stvle long and capillary: capsule commonly 3 or 4 mchcs 
 
 long comparatively narrow, short-stipitate ; valves with midnervc extendmg well toward 
 
 the summit; seed^ smooth. - Prodr. i. 242; Gray, PI. Wright, i. 10; Wats 1. c. Clrown 
 
 uniglandulosa, Cav. Ic. iv. 3, t. 306. — On the Mexican border near El 1 aso, TJ nght. (Mex.) 
 
 1 Baron F. von Mueller and the Kew botanists have recently advocated uniting tins genus witli 
 Cleome, from which, when extended to include foreign species, it is not separable upon very satisfac- 
 tory or constant characters. 
 
Cleomt. CAPI'AKIDACKyE. IS.'J 
 
 4. CLECME, L. (Name, of unexplaiueil dorivutiou, used in the fourth 
 century for Bouie mustard-like jilaut, taken up by Linna-us for this genus wlnek 
 Tournefort called Sinajristrum.) — Syst. Nat. ed. 1, Ilort. ("lifl". oil, «fc Gen. no. 
 550; R. Br., &c. Cleome, Gi/nandropsis, & Pvrlluinu, DC. I'nxlr. : ' " ' '-' 
 — Largely tropical or subtropical, ours all annuals. 
 
 § 1. Gynandropsis, Schult. Torus enlarged at base, not appen<l:iy< il, pro- 
 longed from the centre into a more or less st;ilk-like column which bears the 
 stamens on its summit, and then into a filiform stipe of the ovary : cajjsule linear : 
 petals slender-unguiculate. — Syst. vii. 23. Gynandropsis, DC. 1. c 'I'M; Gray, 
 Gen. 111. i. t. 78. Cleome^ Gymnufjonia &, iGyudndropsis, R. Br. in Denli. iV; 
 Clapp. App. 220-223. 
 
 C. PENTAPHi-LLA, L. Viscid-pubcsceiit, or leaves glabratc : leaflets 3 to 7, mostly 5, oliovate : 
 flower-buds not closed, the petals and stamens growiuj? largely after the calyx is open: 
 petals white or tinged with rose, quarter to half inili long: .«taniiniferou8 portion of the 
 torus a filiform rohunu, of nearly the length of the petals, a^ long as the pedicel, and aliout 
 the length of the stipe of tlie (at first glanduiar-Iiispidulous) capsule: seed.s roughened. — 
 Spec. ed. 2, ii. 938 {i/ijnandni in cd. 1) ; Sims, 15ot. Mag. t. 1681 ; Griseb. Fl. W. Ind. 15. 
 C. heplaphjjlla , Audubon, Birds of Am. t. 379, not L. Gynandropsis pisntup/n/lla, DC. 
 Prodr. i. 238 (with G. triphijlhi & G. pd/mijirs) ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. t. 78. <J. }>idmipfs,l)c\iia.^. 
 Ic. Sel. iii. t. 1. — Sparingly introduced into waste grounds, Georgia to Louisiana; fl. sum- 
 mer. (Nat. from Trop. Am., but originally of Did World.) 
 
 § 2. EuCLEOME. Torus little or not at all columnar below the stamens, but 
 commonly thickened, and bearing a glandular projection behind the ovary : this 
 in all ours raised on a slender stipe or carpophore. — Cleome, Benth. «Si Hook., 
 Eichler, &c. 
 
 * Large-flowered, introduced from Tropical America, escaped from cultivation. Habit . f 
 C. (Gi/nandropsis) speciosa, HBK. 
 C. sriN6sA, Jacq. Viscid-pubescent, strong-scented, 3 or 4 feet high : a pair of 8tij)ular 
 short spines under the petiole of most leaves (in the tropics not rarely some little prickles 
 on the petiole also) : leaflets 5 to 7, oblong-lanceolate; bract.- mostly simple: flower.« rose- 
 jiurple varying to white : petals cimimonly an inch and stamens 2 or 3 inches, and .Htijie of 
 the linear capsule about 2 inches in length: style hardly any. — (Mill. ?) Jac(|. Enum. 
 PI. Carib. 26; L. Spec. ed. 2, ii. 939; Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1640. C. itlnujens, Willd. Hurt 
 Berol. t. 18; Chapm. Fl. 32. — Waste ground, N. Carolina to Louisiana, and in ball;i>i 
 ground northward ; or occasionally escaped from gardens. (Nat. from Trop. Am.) 
 ♦ * Comparatively small-flowered, indigenous : petals indistinctly if at all tuiguicnlate. 
 -t— Calyx 4-cleft, tardily deciduous, mostly by circumci.sion at base: capsule 10-30-8eeded: 
 leaves petioled. — Atalantu, Nutt. Gcu. ii. 73, not Corr. Peritowa, DC. Prodr. i. 237; 
 Nutt. Jour. Acad. Philad. vii. 14. 
 C. integrifolia, Torr. & Gray. Glabrous, 2 or 3 feet high: leaves 3-fuliolate; leaflets 
 from lanceolate to obovate-oblong, entire, rarely with a few denticulations: bracts mainly 
 simple, oblong-lauceohite to hnear : raceme dense : ]k tals 3-to<ithed, r<.so-oolor (randy white) : 
 ap].endage to torus conspicuous, flat : .stipe about the length of the pedicel, shorter th:m the 
 jKiidulous capsule; this .sometimes linear, terete and torulose. over 2 inches long. !«omctinies 
 variously shorter, elongated-oblong, compressed : seeds inostl«^umerous. 8miH)th. — F"!. i. 
 122; Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. ser. 2, xxxiii. 404. C s,'rni/at(iJ^^Ti^h, Fl. ii. 441 : Torr. & 
 Gray,Fl.i. 121,afalse and misleading name. C. (Atalantu) sirntl.iin, Nutt. Gen. ii. 7:» ; the 
 leaflets are not even " obsoletely subserrulate." C. tn'phi/l/a, .lames in Long Exp., uoi L. 
 Peritoma serrulatum, DC. 1. c. P. inteijri/oHa, Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phihid. vii. 14. —Along 
 stream-'* in saline soil, on the plains, Sa,sk:itchew:in and Dakota to Colorado and New Mexico. 
 west to borders of Oregon, Nevada, and W. Arizona. Becoming natui.ali/.ed in MLisiiuippi 
 Valley. 
 
184 CAPPAiyDACE^. Cleome. 
 
 C. llitea, IlooK. Glabrons, a span to 2 feet high : leaves 3-7-foliolate : leaflets from linear- 
 lauceulate to oblong, entire: hi-acts simple, mostly slender-nimTouate : raceme iu flower 
 dense : petals goUleu yellow : aj)pendage to torus a short and thirk gland : stipe shorter 
 thau or about the length of the pedicel, equalling or shorter thau the oblong to nearly linear 
 (half inch to inch and a half long) cajisule : seeds 6 to 20, smooth or in age tuberculate. — 
 Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 70, t. 25; Lindl. Bot. Keg. xxvii. t. 67 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 51. 
 C. lutea & C. uurea (Nutt.), Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 122; Wats. Bot. King Exp. 32. Peritoma 
 aurca, Kutt. Jour. Acad, Philad. vii. 15. — Along streams, N. Wyoming and Idaho to 
 Oregon and W. Nevada, south to Colorado; i first coll. by Douglas. 
 -t— -»— Sepals distinct to base, deciduous. 
 
 C. platycarpa, Torr. A foot or two higii, villous-pubesceut and somewhat viscid : leaves 
 long-petioled : leaflets 3, petiolulate, oval and oblong : bracts simple : raceme in flower 
 dense : petals golden yellow : ovary iu some flowers abortive : sepals slender-subulate : gland 
 of torus obsolete : style short and slender: stipe equalling or shorter than the turgid oval 
 8-12-seeded capsule. — Bot. Wilkes Exped. 235, t. 2; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 51. 
 — Alkaline soil, Oregon to N. California and W. Nevada; first coll. by Pickering & 
 Brackenridge. 
 
 C. sparsifolia, Watson. Glabrons, a span or two high, diffusely branched: leaves 
 minutely stipulate, 3-foliolate or upper simple (in origirial specimens small and scanty, in 
 better ones slender-petioled) : leaflets rather fleshy, spatulate or oblong-linear, 3 to 5 lines 
 long : flowers few and sparse in tiie raceme, with linear petiolate bracts, short-pedicelled : 
 sepals ovate : petals 3 or 4 lines long, yellow with tinge of green, spatnlate, at length narrow 
 and undulate, appendaged at base withih by an adnate broad and iuflexed nectariferous 
 scale: stamens not longer than the petals: torus globular, with truncate summit obtusely 
 4-toothed outside the stamens and no gland within : stipe barely 2 lines long : capsule linear, 
 three fourths to one and one half inches long, S-lO-seeded. — Bot. King Exp. 32, t. 5.'^ — 
 W. Nevada, in the Carson Desert, Wulson. In sand at Rhodes, with good flowers and 
 foliage, Shocklej).^ 
 
 C. Sonorae, Gray. Glabrous, erect, a foot or two high: leaves short-petioled and upper 
 almost ses.sile ; leaflet* 3, very narrowly linear as also the simple similar bracts : raceme 
 loose : petals white and rose-color, spatulate, 2 lines long.: capsule cylindraceous, torulose, 
 6-8-seeded, pendulous on a usually shorter stipe from the much longer and spreading filiform 
 pedicel: seeds smooth. — PI. Wright, ii. 16; .Rothrock in Wheeler, Rep. vi. 67. — Saline 
 soil, S. Arizona, Wright, Thurber. S. W. Colorado in San Luis ^■alley, Rothrock. 
 
 5. CL.E0M£1LLA, DC. (Diminutive of Cleome.) — South-central N. 
 American and a^acent Mexican annuals, with trifoliolate leaves but sometimes 
 simple bracts, small yellow flowers, and more or less stipitate odd-shaped capsules. 
 Leaves except in one species petiolate and leaflets short-petiolulate. — Prodr. i. 
 237 ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 173, t. 75 ; Torr. in Gray, PI. Wright, i. IL 
 
 * Smooth and glabrous ; no stipules : flowers racemose : capsules porrect on conspicuous 
 
 pedicel and stipe. 
 -}— Leaflets obovate or oblong, obtuse or retuse, barely mucronulate : seeds smooth, not 
 
 tapering at base. 
 C. MexicAna, DC 1. c, Moij-ino & Sesse', Ic. (Calque.s, t. 19 & xxxi), of Mexico, is low and 
 diffuse ; with small leaves, those subtending the flowers similar to the lower and little shorter 
 than the pedicels; and stipe shorter tliau the very oblate capsule, the divaricate valves at 
 maturity oblong-conical. 
 
 C. longipes, Tour. Erect, a foot or two high, rather robust, with naked and ample 
 racemes : leaflets oljloug or spatulate-obovate, inch or less long : bracts mostly simple and 
 
 1 A fragmentary and dubious ."rpecinieu conies from Nebraska, Wilcox; species also rei)orted fi-om 
 N. Arizona, by M. E. Jones, Zee, ii. 2.36. 
 
 2 Add Jones, Bull. Torr. Clnh, x. 33. 
 
 8 Also collected liy Coville & Funston about Keeler, Calif., where it is said to be abimdant ; see 
 Coville, Contri!'. '' ^ v ,t }|^,b. iv. 66- 
 
Cleomellu. CAri'AKIhACK.E. Ig.j 
 
 small: filaments ox serted : style distiuct: stipe in fruit half or three fmirilis incli lonj;. vcrv 
 slender, usually loii<.'tr than the pedicel: valves of the capsule oldiijnelv conical. —Turr. ii. 
 Hook. Jour. Hot. & Kew Misc. ii. 2:,5, & in Gray, PI. Wri^lit. i. 11 ; Wats. Bot. Kin^ l..\p. 
 33; Brew. & Wp.tb. Hot. Calif, i. 52, the var. tjiandi flora every way larger than the ori;;iiial 
 Mexican s]ieciuieu8, hut fully connected. — VV. Te.xiw to Nevada and a<ijacent Ixirder of 
 California and Arizona, Writjkl, Anderson, Watson, &c. (North Mexico, Berlandier, Greyg.) 
 -I- H— Leaflets aud sinijile hracts linear or tho wider linear-lanceolate. 
 •H- Stamens more or less prominently exsorted : stipe of capHule elongated. 
 C. angUStifolia, Toru. Erect, a foot or two high, with ratlnrr dense flowering raremes : 
 kvTtlcts niiLStly inch and a half long, 2 to 4 lines wide, acutely or acuminatclv mucronate : 
 petals over 2 lines long: style hardly any: stipe shorter tliau the slender pedicel, longer 
 than the rhomhoidal capsule, the valves of which are ohtusely conic;il or helmet -^llalK•.l, 
 sometimes in age more extended and horn-shaped : seeds tapering at hiisc, rugnlose at 
 maturity. — Torr. 1. c. 12, & Bot. Mex. liound. 35; Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. ser. 2, xxxiii. 404, 
 & Troc. Acad. I'hilad. I8G3, 58, as C. tenulfolla. C. Afexicawi, Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ii. 
 167 ; Hook. Ic. t. 28 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 121 ; Gray, (Jen. 111. i. t. 75 ; not DC. — I'lains 
 of Arkansas or Kansas and Texas ; first coll. hy James. 
 
 C. plocasperma, Watson. Diffuse, a span or two high, with rather open racemes : leaf- 
 lets and l)racts (juarter to half inch long, obtu.se, barely mucronulate : petals hardly 2 lines 
 long: style conspicuous : stipe and pedicel each about a quarter inch long, twice or thrice 
 the lengtli of the broadly rhomboid capsule, the valves of which are helmet-shaped : seeds 
 tapering at base, smooth or nearly so. — Bot. King Exp. 33 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 52. 
 — Saline soil, Nevada, Walson, Biirrjt'ss, Brandegee. 
 
 C. OOCarpa, Gkay. Erect, often diffusely branched, a span to a foot high : leaflets linear, 
 obtuse, inch or less long: bracts similar but smaller and setaccou.s-inucronate: petals 3 lines 
 long: style conspicuous: stipe aud pedicel of about equal length ((juarter to half inch): 
 capsule small, not over 2 lines long, ovate, only obscurely rhomhoidal, tlie valves only 
 moderately navicular: seeds smooth and shining, of broadly obovate <iutline, not produced 
 at base. — Proe. Am. Acad. xi. 72; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 52. — Saline plains of 
 S. W. Colorado and Nevada, and on the Mohave Desert in California, Brandegee, Torreg, 
 Parish, &c. 
 
 ++ ++ Stamens not longer than the barely line long petals : stipe short. (Perhaps deistog- 
 amoHs.) 
 
 C. parviflora, Gray. Slender, a span to a foot high, at length diffuse : leaflets and bracts 
 narrowly linear, the larger inch long : racemes loose : pedicels filiform, half inch to inch long 
 in fruit : style very short or obsolete : capsule obovate, barely 2 lines long ; valves gild>ons- 
 navicular: seeds smooth, not attenuate at base. — Proc. Am. Acad. vi. 520; Wats. 1. c. — 
 Mohave Desert, California (first coll. by Cooper), to N. W. Nevada, where first coll. by 
 Anderson. 
 
 # * Smooth and glabrous : no stipules : flowers very small, short -pcdicelled in the axils of 
 nearly all the subsessile leaves : very short capsule deflexed. 
 
 C. brevipes, Watson. A span or two higli, diffusely branched and flowering from the 
 base : leaves thickish, at most half inch long, mainly 3-foliolate and the subsessile leafleLt 
 linear-spatulate, but the upper of similar simple leaves: flowers barely a line long, on 
 pedicels of hardly greater length: petals roundish, apparently whitish : stjimens minute ; 
 style very short: capsule a line or two long, on a stipe not longer than the minute cjilyx. 
 globose-ovate, 2-4se('(k'd, |)endulous by the recurvation either of the minute stijie or of tlic 
 pedicel. — Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 365. — Mohave Desert, S. K.California, at Caiii]. i-Miy 
 (where also is found the precciling), Parish.^ 
 
 * * * Pubescent or hirsute : tufts of deciduous bristles for .stipules: .<lender-.stipilato cap- 
 sule deflexed. 
 
 1 Sub.sequently collected near Kecler, Inyo Co., Calif., by Covillt k Fumton (.sec Coiitrib. V. S. 
 Nat. Herb. iv. G7), wliose sp<'cinn'iis show the caiisule to be broadly dolfoiil in outline, 1 } lines |on>; 
 hy '2i lines in l»readtli. The species has also been reported from Newberry Sta., I'alif. (see JSoo 
 iv. 414). 
 
.186 C Apr ARID ACE^. Cleomella. 
 
 C. obtusifolia, Torr. & Frem. Diffuse aud procumbent: stems a span to a foot long, 
 leafy tliroughout : leaves rather long-petioled aud the three obovate rather succulent leaflets 
 short-petiolulate, some of the upper simple aiui ratlier smaller : petals 2 or 3 lines long, spatu- 
 late : stamens exserted :' style filiform, longer or even twice longer than the ovary : stipe of 
 the fruit a (juarter or third inch long, about as long as the ascendijig pedicel and at length 
 deflexed upon it : ovary rhomboid-globose : mature capsule birostrate, the valves broadlj^ 
 conical and produced mostlv into a long and narrow beak : seeds smooth. — Frt'mout, liep. 
 311. & in Gray, PI. Wright, i. 12; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. vii. 329; Brew. & Wats. 13ot. 
 Calif, i. 52, & ii. 433. — Saline soil, S. E. California, on and near the Mohave Desert, and 
 adjacent Arizona;^ first coll. by Fr€mont. Varies from glabrate ami (.v;ir\ smootli lo hir- 
 sute and the capsule also hirsute. 
 
 Species not seen and of doubtful affinity. 
 
 C* Palmerana, M. E. .Tones. Erect glabrous annual, 2 to 10 inches high, branclTed from 
 base : leaflets 3, oblong-elliptical, obtuse, mucronate ; petiole an inch or less long : lower 
 bracts leaf-like and petiolate ; the upper subulate, attenuate to hairs and tufted at base : 
 pedicels 3 to 4 lines long, reflexed in fruit : petals 2 lines long, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, 
 veiny, orange : stameiLS slightly exceeding the petals : stipe a line long : fruit subtrnncate 
 at apex, triangular, 4 to 5 lines wide, 2 to 2^ lines high ; style half line long : seeds ovate, 
 spotted, smooth. — Zoe, ii. 236. — Green River, Utah, Jones, 9 May, 1890. Description con- 
 den.sed from the original character. 
 
 6. WISLIZl&NIA, Eiigelm. {Dr. Adolphvs WisUzenus, the first collector, 
 after Coulter, of the original species.) — Erect and branching annuals (of the 
 Arizona-Mexican plateau), glabrous or nearly so and not glandular, usually with 
 some minute and fugacious bristles for stipules, and densely racemose small 
 yellow flowers : filiform stipe in fruit refracted on the pedicel. — Bot. App. to 
 "Wisliz. Mem. of Tour to Northern Mexico, 99; Gray, PL Wright, i. 11, t. 2, 
 & Pi'oc. Am. Acad. viii. 622. — Two species. 
 
 "W. refracta, Engelm. 1. c. Leaves all 3-foliolate ; leaflets oblong to obovate : bracts mostly 
 very small or obsolete : stipe of fruit (juarter inch long, about the length of the pedicel, not 
 much longer than the persistent style and replum : nucumentaceous mature carpels a line 
 long, lightly reticulated and slightly tuberculate at the end. — Gray, PI. Wright, i. 12. — 
 S. New Mexico, Arizona, and S. California; first coll. by Tli, Coulter (mentioned in PI. 
 Wright. 1. c.as Cleomella Coulleri, Harvey), then by WisUzenus, Thurher, Wri(/ht, &c. 
 Recently coll. on the San Joaquin River, Parry, Cont/don, probably immigrant.'^ (Adj. Mex.) 
 
 "W. Palmeri, Gray. Leaves so far as known all simple,'* linear or subspatulate, subsessile : 
 racemes looser: nucumentaceous carpels 2 lines long, obovate-oblong, with truncate summit 
 bordered by a row of erect tubercles, and sides striate-nervose. — Proc. Am. Acad. I.e.; 
 Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 52. — Near the mouth of the Colorado, Arizona aud Califomia, 
 Palmer. 
 
 7. OXYST"S^LIS, Torr. & Frem. ('O^vs, sharp, o-rvXts, column or style.) — 
 Fremont, Rep. 312.. — A single little known plant. 
 
 O. lutea, Torr. & Frem. 1. c. 313. Nearly glabrous winter annual: stem robust, erect, a 
 foot or more high, but flowering from the base : leaves trifoliolate, long-petioled ; leaflets 
 oval, petiolulate, inch or more long, rather succulent : flowers in a capituliform sessile 
 glomemle in the axil of each leaf : petals supposed to be yellow : carpels in fruit little over 
 a line long, apparently long persi.stent on the partly excavated but imperforate indurated 
 axis or base of the spiniforra (quarter inch long) style, at length separating by a perforate 
 
 1 Also extending to the Sacramentr. Valley, see Coville, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. iv. 67. 
 
 2 Now extending to Central California. 
 
 8 A form with typical fruit of this species, but with slender-petioled mostly 3-foliolate leaves, has 
 been collected at Guaymas, Mex., Palvier <see Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. xxiv. 39). 
 
Capjmris. KESEDAe'K.E. Ib7 
 
 scar as in IVislizenia, the pericarp in time decayiu}^ away from the more indurated Kee<l. — 
 . Desert of tiie borders of S. E. California and S. W. Nevada, on tlie Ainagoza River, l-'rtmunt, 
 April 28. 
 
 8. ATAMlSQUEA, Miors. (A Chiliau naim-.) — Trav. Chil. ii. .v_"' a 
 'J'rans. Liuu. Sue. xxi. 1, t. 1. — Single geograplii<;ully dissevered specie.'^. 
 
 A. emarginata, Mikus, l. c. Slimh or small tree, lepidote-eanescent, with !<pirii >• ■ m 
 spreading branelies : k-aves sliort-petioied, entire, lini'ar or olilong-lim-ar, relnse, inch or m) 
 long: flowers solitary in the axils or terminating hranchlets : jjeduncle about tlie It-ngili of 
 the calyx: fruit over (|uarter inch long. — Hrew. & Wats. Bot. Ciilif. i. 50; Wats. I'nx'. 
 Am. Acad. xx. 354.1 — Arid district, N. W. Sonora, Mexico, not far from the U. S. Imjuu-. 
 dary, Th. Coulter, Priugle, Dnnulajee. (Lower Calif., Mendoza, Chili.) 
 
 9. CAPPARIS, Touru. (Ancieut Greek aud Latin name of the CajnT- 
 plant, C. spinosa.) — Large and diversified tropical genus, simple-leaved shrubs 
 or trees, of which two W. Indian (unarmed) species have extended to Florida. — 
 Inst. 261, t. 139 ; L. Gen. no. 437. 
 
 C. Jamaicensis, Jacq. Shrub or shrubby tree, with minutely lepiilote and yellowish hcrlt- 
 age : leaves soon smooth and shining above, coriaceous, elliptical, retuse : flowers corymlm-se, 
 wliite or whitish : sepals ctpnil and valvate : stamens 20 to .30, inch and a half long : fruit 
 siliquiform, coriaceous, a span to a foot long, torose, lepidote-canescent. — Knnni. I'l. Carib- 
 23, & Stirp. Am. 160, t. 101 ; Eiciil. Fl. Bras. xiii. pt. 1, 270, t. 64, f. 2; Ch:ipm. Fl. 32 -i 
 C emarginata, A. Rich. Fl. Cub. 78, t. 9. C. cj/noijhallophora, L. Spec. ed. 1, i. 504. C. lirei/- 
 nia, & C. siliijuosa (excl. syn.), L. Spec. ed. 2, i. 721. Brei/nia arborescens, &c., P. Browne, 
 Jam. 246. — Thickets, Key West, aud probably ou the mainland, S. Florida. (W. lud. to 
 Hrazil.) 
 
 C. cynophallophora, L. Smooth and glabrous slirub, with long and spreading branches : 
 leaves coriaceous, sliining above, veiny, from elongated-oblong to broadly oval, retuse, com- 
 monly a gland in the axil : peduncles few-flowered : sepals imbricated : stamens nearly 2 
 inches long : fruit a span or so in length, linear, but thickish and knobby, more fleshy, 
 usually about twice the length of the stipe. — Spec. ed. 2, i. 721 ; Jacq. 1. c. 1 58, t. 98 ; Griscb. 
 Fl. V7. Ind. 18; Chapm. 1. c. ; Eichl. 1. c. 282, t. 63. Bref/nia frutirosa,&.c.,\'. Browne, Jjim. 
 246, t. 27. Ci/nnphiil/op/ioni.'i, &c., Pink. Aim. 126, t. 172, f. 4. — Low tliickets, Key West 
 and Indian River, S. Florida. 'Trop. Am.» 
 
 Order XII. RESEDACEiE. 
 
 By A. Or AY. 
 
 Herbs with watery and bland juice, alternate leaves, hermaphrodite irregular 
 and mostly uusymmetrical flowers in terminal racemes or spikes, open in the bud ; 
 stamens always more numerous than the petals : carpels 2 to G, usually united 
 below into a one-celled ovary with parietal placentae bearing several or numerous 
 campylotropous or amphitropous ovules, which become reniform seeds filled by 
 the incumbently coiled or arcuate embryo. Stipules none or gland-like. Cal_\ x 
 herbaceous, more or less irregular, of 4 to 7 or rarely 8 sepals. Petals 2 to C>, 
 usually laciniate or dentate. Stamens 3 to 40, borne on the base of the calyx or 
 on a dilated nectariferous and oblique disk, declined or unilateral. At least the 
 tips of the carpels distinct, not produced into evident styles, introrsely stigmato.'sc. 
 
 1 Add Brandctjee, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. sen 2, ii. 128. 
 
 2 Add Sargent, .-^ilva, i. 33, t. 19. 
 
188 RESEDACEJE. Reseda. 
 
 Fruit mostly capsular, but not splitting into valves. Seed-coat crustaceous.' — 
 Natives of the Old World : several naturalized [and one doubtfully indigenous] 
 in the New. 
 
 1. RESEDA. Sepals and petals 4 to 8, unequal ; tlie latter unguiculate, 2-many-cleft, and 
 the claws of some or all of them dilated and internally appendaged at base. Stamens 10 to 
 40, inserted on a concave posteriorly dilated torus or disk. Ovary of 3 to 6 carpels united 
 to near the tips, forming a 3-6-beaked capsule, wliich dehisces only at the beaks. 
 
 2. OLIGOMERIS. Sepals 4, or 2 to 5. Petals 2, posterior, without claws or appendages, 
 entire or repandly 2-3-toothed at apex. No dilated torus or disk. Stamens 3 to 10. OvAry 
 and capsule of Reseda. 
 
 1. RESEDA, Touru. (Old Latin name, from resedo. to assuage.) — Inst. 
 423, t. 238 ; L. Gen. no. 447 ; MuelL Arg. Monogr. Resed. 96 ; DC. Prodr. xvi. 
 555. — A genus of about 50 Old World species. 
 
 R. odorAta, L., a N. African species is the Mignonette of the gardens. 
 
 R. Phyteujia, L., which, like the Mignonette, has foliaceoos persistent sepals, occurs ?n 
 
 Philadelphia and New York ballast grounds. 
 
 R. LuTEOLA, L. (Vellow-weed, Dyer's Rocket, Dyer's Weed.) — A tall strict biennial 
 glabrous, leafy : leaves entire or with undulate-crisped margins, lanceolate to linear : flowers 
 very numerous in a long spike, yellow or yellowish, minutely bracteate : sepals and petals 4 ; 
 the former persistent; latter few-lobed: stamens 25, with long-persistent filaments: capsule 
 broader than high, somewhat torose, 3-lobed, 3-pointed; seeds smooth and shining. — Spec, 
 i. 448. — Sparingly established along roadsides in N. Atlantic States and California; fl. 
 summer. (Nat. from Eu.) 
 
 R. lutea, L. Rather low biennial, less leafy : leaves irregularly pinnately parted or bipin^ 
 natifid, with few linear obtuse lobes : flowers in a close raceme, pale yellow : sepals and 
 petals 6, very unequal: stamens 16 to 20 : capsule clavate-oblong, 3-pointed : seeds black. — 
 Spec. i. 449. — Nantucket, Mass., and in ballast grounds. (Sparingly nat. from Eu.) 
 
 R.* i.LBA, L.i Tall and rather coarse : leaves pinnatifid with numerous oblong segments, 
 somewhat glaucous : flowers greenish white: petals h or 6, all trifid: stamens 12 to 15. — 
 Spec. i. 449. — Waste ])laces and roadsides in a few localities, extending across the continent 
 but scarcely established. (Adv. from Eu.) 
 
 2. OLiIGtCMERIS, Camb. ('OAtyos, few, juepts, member, i. e. a reduced 
 Reseda.) — Low and glaucous, chiefly annuals (Indo- African), with narrow linear 
 and entire leaves and small greenish flowers in terminal spikes. — Camb. in 
 Jacquemont, Voy. Ind.lv. 23, 24, t. 25; Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xvi. 584. 
 Oligomeris & Holopetalum (Turcz.), Muell. Arg. Monogr. Resed. 213, 208.''^ 
 O.* glaucescens, Ca-mb.^ 1. c. Annual or biennial, a span or two high, much branched at 
 
 base into ascending stems : leaves somewhat fleshy : petals oblong, obscurely lobed (some- 
 times united), occupying with the three stamens tiie posterior side of the flower : capsule 
 depressed globose, 4-lobed, 4-cuspidato ; seeds smooth. — Gray, PI. Wright, ii. 16 ; Hook. f. 
 Fl. Wr.t Ind. i. 181. 0. dispersa, Muell. Arg. Monogr. Resed. 214. 0. subulata, Webb, 
 Frag. ^Ethiop. 26 ; Boiss. Fl. Or. i. 435 ; Mnell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xvi. 587 ; Brew. & 
 Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 53. Reseda subulata, Delile, Fl JEgypt: 111. 15 (1813). R. Unifolia, 
 Vahl in ITornem. Hort. Hafn. 501 (1815). R. dipetnia, Spreng. Syst. ii. 463. Resedella 
 subulata & R. dipetala, Webb & Berth. Phyt. Canar. i. 107, t. 11. Ellimia rudemlis, Nutt. in 
 Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 125 (& 669). — Dry grounds, S. California to New Mexico.* (Adj. 
 Hex., Lower Calif, N. Afr., Asia.) 
 
 1 In Dr. Gray's ms. only mentioned as a ballast-weed. 
 
 2 Add syn. Dipetalia, Raf. Fl. Tellur. iii. 73- 
 
 3 Dr. Gray regarded this plant as introduced in America, but .subsequent observations show it to 
 be probably indigenous ; see ParLsh, Zoe, i. 301. 
 
 4 Eastward to El Paso, Tex., Jones. Add syn. Dipetalia subulata, Kuntze, Rev. Gen. i. 59 ; 
 Coville, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. iv. 68. 
 
Hdianthemum. CIS'i'ACEJi. 189 
 
 OuDER XIII. CISTACE^. 
 
 By a. Gray; the geuus Lcchca revised hy Ji. L. Hoiushox. 
 
 Shrubby or nearly herbaceous plants ; with rcguhir and prevailingly polyan- 
 drous 5-merous or 3-merous flowers, hypogynous, the one-celled ovary with 3 or ."> 
 parietal placentne, bearing several or many orthotropous ovule«, and seeds witii 
 an embryo curved or coiled in the copious albumen. Calyx and corolla convo- 
 lute in the bud, usually turned opposite ways, or sometimes imbricated. Sepals 
 5, two wholly external, much smaller and bract-like (rather to be regarded as 
 bracts), persistent. Petals 5 or 3. Stamens not rarely fevy, sometimes def- 
 initely so. Style single or none : stigmas either united or separate. Capsule 
 loculicidally 3-5-valved. Leaves opposite or alternate, penniveined, entire, 
 with or without small stipules. — Largely of the Old World (and Meditrrra- 
 neau) for species, but tw^o of the four genera exclusively N. American, and 
 one genus common. CiSTUS, the Rock Rose, belongs chiefly to the Mt'<lit<rra- 
 nean region. 
 
 * Petals 5, fugacious, opening in sunshine, caducous at iiiglitfall : ovary and cai»ulo 
 strictly one-celled, with 3 nerviform placenta;. 
 
 1. HELIANTHEMUM. Petals broad, in all well developed flowers crumjded in tlie l.ud. 
 Stigma ca])itate or cristate and 3-lobed, in ours sessile or nearly so on the ovary. Ovules 
 few or numerous, on long funiculi. Embryo much curved or coiled. 
 
 2. HUDSONIA. Petals not crumpled in the bud, cuncate or ol>ov.ite. Stamens 9 to .30. 
 Style long and filiform: stigma minute. Ovary with 2 ovules to each placenta. Sei»aLs 
 connivent in fruit, enclosing the 2-6-seeded capsule. Embryo unciuate-circinate. Foliage 
 heath-like. 
 
 * * Petals 3, persistent : placentae on incomplete dis.sepiments. 
 
 3. LECHEA. Petals alternate with the 3 proper sepals, not longer than they, plane in the 
 bud, obovato or oblong, marcescent. Stamens 3 to 12 or rarely more, wlien reduced to 
 three opposite the petals. Ovary short-stipitate : style very sliort or none : stigmas 3, 
 fimbriate-plumose. Placentae 3, broad and valve-like, each bearing a pair of erect subsesvsile 
 ovule.s, one on each side of the posterior face. Capsule glol)ose and oliscurely triangular, 
 crustaceous ; valves separating fr(nn the broad placenta*, which seem to be interior reversed 
 valves. Embryo slender, arcuate or more curved in the hard albumen. 
 
 1. HELIANTHEMUM, Tourn. Rock Rosk, but the name properly 
 belongs only to Cfstns. (Composed of ?]Ato9, the sun, and uvOefjiov, flower, the 
 blossoms opening only in direct sunshine.) — The American species are e.ssci' 
 tially herbaceous or some with merely suffrutescent base, and with .nlli-rnatf 
 leaves, strictly parietal placentje, and yellow flowers. And in the rirst section 
 there is a second kind of flower, more or less diminutive and cleistogamous. — 
 Inst. 248, t. 128; Michx. Fl. i. 307 ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 203, i. 87. 
 
 * Atlantic species, with dimorphous flowers; viz. the nonnal or ephemeral, w if' 
 fugacious petals, indefinite stamens, and many-see<lod capsules: and the I 
 
 smaller, cryptopetahms or apetalous, .3-10-androus, cleistogamous. with very fen - 
 
 and seeds : herbage liiiereous or canescent with minute and do.se jmbescrnce. especially 
 the lower face of tlie lea\cs. tlie upper face glabnUe ami green. — I/ilerumriii', Sjiach in 
 Hook. Cmp. Hot. Mag. ii. 2'.)(), & .\nn. Sci .\at. ser. 2, vi. .37(U 
 
190 CISTACE.E. Helianthemum. 
 
 H.* Canadense, Michx.^ (Frost-weed, so named because in this was first noticed the 
 shooting forth of acicular ice-crystals from the dead and cracked bark at tiie root in late 
 autumn.) Slender, with a few more or less elongated spreading flexuous branches, ])uberu- 
 lent*'but scarcely canescent: leaves elliptic-oblong or oblong-linear, somewhat harsh and 
 rigid, narrowly revolute at the margins: normal flowers hirge, bright yellow, usually an 
 inch sometimes e\ en an inch and a quarter in diameter, the earliest borne in the primary 
 forks of the stem, later ones higher, becoming rather remote : capsules 3 lines in diameter : 
 cleistogamous flowers borne rather few in a cluster at the ends of short branches or by 2's 
 and 3's in the axils . fruiting calyx at maturity 1-J to 2 lines in diameter. — Fl. i. 308, a'- 
 interpreted by Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Club, xxi. 258; Gray, Gen, 111. i. 204, t. 87 ; Sprague i. 
 Goodale, Wild Flowers, t. 29. ? H. mmnUjlurnin, Michx. 1. c. 307, form with cleistogamouf 
 flowers. — Massachusetts, on Martlia's Vineyard lo the Smoky Mts., N. Carolina, Dmrdslei 
 & Ko/oid, to Ft. Gratiot, Mich., Pitditr ; Dliuois, Paticrson, and (?) Texas, Berlandier. 
 
 H.* majus, Biutt. Sterns & Poggenb. Somewhat taller, stricter, and more canescent- 
 pubescent ; branches short, ascending, seldom surpassing the rather close raceme of normal 
 flowers : corolla paler yellow and somewhat smaller : cleistogamous flowers very small in 
 dense many-flowered subsessile clusters : fruiting calyx about a lijie in diameter. — Torr. 
 Club, Prelim. Cat. N. Y. 6, excl. syn. Michx. ; Bicknell, 1. c. H. Canadense, of authors, 
 in part. 1 II. rosmaiinlfolium & II. co7\i/nibosu?n, Pursh, Fl. ii. 364. H. Canadense, var. 
 Walkene, Evans, Bot. Gaz. xv. 211. Lechea major, L. Spec. ii. 90, & Ama-n. Acad. iii. 11, 
 t. 1, f. 4. — S. Maine to New York, and westward and soutbwestward to the Black Kills, 
 S. Dakota, Forwood, Rydbcnj ; Colorado, Mrs. Walker, and Texas, Ilatfes ; ? Alabama, 
 Mohr. 
 
 H. capitatum, Nltt. More slender and branching: leaves linear, or spatulate-linear, 
 even the upper face somewhat hoary, tlie margins revolute • normal flowers on filiform 
 peduncles terminating the branches, with corolla le.ss than half inch in diameter and calyx 
 minutely canescent ; cryptopetalous ones capitellate-gloraerate. — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 
 i. 151 (as syn.), & in Engelm. & Gray, Fl. Lindh. pt. 1, 4, inept name. H. polifoliuni, Torr. 
 & Gray, Fl. i. 151. Heteromeris polifolia, Spach, 11. cc. — Sandy soil, Texas (first coll. by 
 Berlandier), and Arkansas, Nuttall. 
 
 H. corymbosum, Micnx. Many-stemmed from lignescent base, a span to a foot high, 
 canescent : leaves oval to oblong-lanceolate : flowers glomerate in a corymbiform terminal 
 cyme, short-pedicelled to subsessile : calyx soft-villous : normal flowers over half inch in 
 diameter and with sepals 3 or 4 lines long ; cryptopetalous ones few. — Fl. i. 307 ; Torr. & 
 Gray, I.e. ; Chapm. Fl. 35. Cislus corymbo.'ius, Poir. SupjA. ii. 272. Heteromeris ci/mosa, 
 Spach, 11. cc. — Sands along the coast, N. Carolina to Florida. 
 
 * * S. Atlantic species with homomorphous flowers. 
 
 H. arenicola, Chapm. Many-stemmed and diffuse from a woody hase, canescent through- 
 out: leaves oblong-linear or tlie lower spatulate, obtuse, inch or less long, nearly veinless: 
 flowers solitary or few in a fascicle, on peduncles half or quarter inch long : corolla fully 
 half inch in diameter: principal sepals 3 or 4 lines long, oval, obtuse. — Fl. 35. //. Cana- 
 dense, var. ohtnsum. Wood, Classbook, ed. of 1861, 246. — Siiifting sand of the coast, W. 
 Florida, Chapman, to Mississippi, J. Donnell Smith. 
 
 H.* Nashi, Brittox. Similar to the last in its ligneous base, its habit and pubescence : 
 leaves acute at both ends : flowers in leafy-bractcd thyrsoid clusters : inner sepals oval, very 
 ol)tuse. — Bull. Torr. Club, xxii. 147. — In " scrub," near Eustis, Florida, G. V. Nash. 
 
 H. Carolinianum, Michx. Mo.stly simple-stemmed from slender merely lignescent sub- 
 terranean shoots, a span or two high, villous-pubescent, not hoary, few-flowered : leaves 
 obovate to oblong, inch or two long, radical ones ro.sulate-clustered : flowers terminal or 
 lateral, slender-peduncled : corolla inch or more in diameter : principal sepals ovate, acu- 
 minate, about half inch long. — Fl. i. 307; Sweet, Cist. t. 99; Torr. & Gray, FL i. 152; 
 
 1 The de.=;cription of this plant has been rewritten to exclude the following species. The credit of 
 the first clear distinction between these nearly related plants is due to the close observation of Mr. 
 E. P. Bicknell, and the names here used are those he has employed, although there is still a doubt as 
 to the identity of tlie Linnsean Lechea major. 
 
Huihonia. CISTACE.E. I'Jl 
 
 Cliapm. 1. c.i CVs/«.s Carolinianus, Walt. Car. 152; Vent. Dcscr. PI. Nouv. Jard. Celt*, t. 74. 
 Crocaiilhemum Carol inlaniim, Spacli, Aun, Sci. Nat. ser. 2, vi. 370. — Sandy pine woods, near 
 the coast, N. Carolina to Florida and Texas. 
 
 # * * racittc spei'ies : flowers homoniorphou.s. 
 
 H- SCOparium, Nctt. a foot or two high, snlTrntcscent at hone, corynibosely much 
 branc lud, slender, glabrou.s or glabrate up to the .xparse i)ani<ulate inHorc'.>iC<Mice : leaves 
 narrowly linear, small, often sj)arse and minute on the liliforni branches : sepals minutc-ly 
 cancscent or sometimes glaiulular-pubernlent, 3 lines long, outer usually tniuulc: corolla 
 half or two thirds inch in diameter. — Nutt. in Torr. & Ciray, Fl. i. \:>2 ; Lindl. Jour, llort. 
 iSoc. V. 79; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 54. Limim trisc/ntluin, Kellogg, I'roc. Calif. Aca«l. 
 Sci. ill. 42, f. 10.- — Dry hills througli W. California. 
 
 H.* Greenei, Robinson, n. sp. Base ligneous, much branched : stems 6 inches to more 
 than a fdOt in height : younger parts except the intloresconce densely white woolly : leaves 
 lance-linear, two tliirds inch long, a line wide ; margins revolute ; iuHorcscencc a rathCr close 
 dichotomous cyme, densely covered with dark glandular hairs: calyx villons ;' the ovate 
 acumiuate inner sepals 3 to 4 lines in length, half longer than the linear outer ones: jietals 
 2i to 4 lines long : stamens about 22 : fruit not seen, said to be as long an the calyx. — 
 H occidentalc, Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. ii. 144, not Nyni. — Island of Santa Cruz, off 
 the Californian coast, Greene, Brandegte. 
 
 2. HUDSONIA, L. (William Hudson, author of Flora Anglica.) — 
 E. North American frnticulose plants, with fine iieath-like foliage, i. e, leaves very 
 small, sessile, appressed or erect, alternate, closely imliricateil on the steiu.s and 
 branches, persistent : flowers small, sessile or peduncuhite, terminating crowded 
 short branchlets, expanding in sunshine for one day only : petals yellow (about 
 2 lines long), as also the inner face of the three ovate principal sepals : tl. sum- 
 meiL — Mant. 11, &.ii. 514; Willd. Hort. Berol. t. 15; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 
 207, t. 90. 
 
 H. tomentosa, Nutt. (Povkrty Guass.) A foot or less high, tomeutose-canescent : 
 leaves all appressed, subulate or uppermost broader, thickish, a<.utish, a line long : flowers 
 sessile or some short-peduncled : sepals obtuse : ovary quite glabrous. — Gen. ii. 5 ; Sweet, 
 Cist. t. 57 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 155 ; Torr. Fl. N. Y. i. 80, t. 9 ; Gr.ay, Gen. 111. i. 208, t. W. 
 II. ericoides, Richards, in Frankl. 1st .Journ. ed. 1, App. 739 (reprint, p. 1 1 ). — Sandy beaches 
 and shores, Virginia to Nova Scotia, shores of all the Great Lakes, and north to Slave 
 Lake, rarely (as in Lee Co , Illinois) on banks of streams inland. 
 H. ericoides, L. A span or two iiigh, diffuse, cinereous with loose pubescence, glabrate in 
 age: leaves lax, nearly filiform, the cauline on vigorous shoots commonly 3 linos long: 
 peduncles filiform, as long as the flower : sepals narrow, acutish : ovary pilose or glabnnis 
 only near the ba.«e. — Mant. 74; Berg. Stockholm Acad. Ilandl. xxxix. t. 1 (1778); Lam. 
 Ill.t. 401; Willd. Hort. Rerol. t. 15; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t 192; Sweet, Ci.<t. t. ;?f. : Torr. 
 & Gray, 1. c. 154. //. Nittlal/ii, Don, Syst. i. .115. —Sandy or rocky groun<l, Virginia 
 to Nova Scotia along and near tiie coast, extending into the interior to Conway, New 
 Hampshire.-' 
 H. montana, Nctt. 1. c. A .sp.an high, green, minutely pubescent, only tlie cnlyx villoui*- 
 toinentose : leaves erect, nearly filiform, 2 or 3 lines long: flowers short-peduncled. com- 
 paratively large : sepals ovate, acuminate, sometinies 2-pointcd : ovary suft-villous. — Torr. 
 & Gray, Fl. i. 155 ; Chapm. Fl. 36. — On the small summit of Table Monntain, N. Carolina ; 
 first coll. by Nuttall 
 
 1 Add Meehan, Native Flowers, -ser. 2, ii. 77, t. 19. 
 
 2 AH.l .syn. ?£r. ^ We rsonu, Greene, Erythf-n, i. 259. ii ...... v...,,, .^ -, 
 
 appears from character by Dr. Palmer's no. 18 from the s.ime region, it is with little doubt merely a 
 .southern and more l.-iify form of ff. sropariitm, at least such w.-ls Dr. Gray's view. 
 
 8 Also at Burlington Bay, Lake Clianiplain, t.'rnul, Jotus Si F.<jijUston. 
 
192 CISTACEiE. Lechea. 
 
 3. LECHEA, Kiilm. Pinweed." {Prof. J. Ler}n,oi Xho.) — rerenniuls, 
 with base hardly sulirutescent, branching, and bearing numerous small purplish 
 flowers : leaves from alternate to irregularly verticillate, oval to linear or on the 
 branchlets subulate. Flower buds seldom larger than the head of a pin, expand- 
 in «• only in the absence of sunshine, produced in summer. Capsule in all more 
 or less triangular. — Kalm in L. Amoju. Acad. iii. 10, & Gen. ed. o, no. 102; 
 Gsertn. Fruct. t. 129; Torr. &, Gray, Fl. i. 152. Lechea & Lechidium, Spacli 
 in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 282, 286. [Revised by B. L. RoBrxsoN.] 
 
 § 1. EoLECHEA.i Flowers either glomerately or sparsely paniculate: pla- 
 centae in fruit thinnish, hardly crustaceous, fragile, free (the partitions becoming 
 evanescent), their sides recurving around the one or two seeds : all or most of the 
 species producing from the base of the flowering stem copious prostrate or barely 
 ascending sterile shoots, which are thickly beset with mainly opposite or verticil- 
 late thyme-like leaves. 
 
 * Pubescence villous and more or les.s spreading : leaves about half as broad as long : flow- 
 ers glonierate-cymulose, very short-pedicelled. 
 
 L. major, Miciix. Stem erect, 2 or 3 feet high, with short lateral flowering branches, very 
 leafy: loaves tiiinnish, puucticulate, abruptly mucronate; cauliiie iialf inch to inch long, 
 oblong, many of them as well as tlie smaller ones of the radical shoots in whorls of 2 to 4 : 
 flowers at length much crowded : capsule depressed-globose, about one sixteenth of an inch 
 iong, at maturity slightly exceedii^g the calyx. — Fl. i. 76 ; Poir. Snppl. iii. 340 ; Puxsh, Fl. 
 i. 90; Torr. & Ciray, Fl. i. 153; Gray, Man. 49; not L., which is a Ilelianthemum. L. minor, 
 Smith in Rees, Cycl. xxi., not of L., although a specimen in herb, belongs to it. L. villosa, 
 Ell. Sk. i. 184; Nutt. Gen. i. 90.-^ L. miicronata, Raf. Prec. De'couv. 37, & (?) in Desv. Jour. 
 Bot. iv. 269 (1814). Probably L. Drummondii, Spach in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 284 
 (elaborately described from single and very imperfect fruiting s])ecimen, coll. Apalachicola, 
 Drtimmondj, from the pubescence and thin leaves of the radical slioots ; but capsule said to 
 be " ellipsoid." — Dry sandy or gravelly soil, New England and adjacent Canada to Nebra.ska 
 and W. Kansas, and ^outh to Florida and Texas. 
 
 Var. divaricata, Gr.\y, n. var. Long-branched from near the base : flowering 
 branchlets sunictimes divaricate : leaves oblong-lanceolate, quarter to half inch long, mostly 
 alternate ; stamens commonly more numerous. — L. divaricata, Sliuttl. in distr. coll. Rugel.'^ 
 — Sandy pine woods, Florida (Manatee, &c.), Bucklei/, Rngal, Garber ; Texas, Palmer. 
 (Mex., Shaffmr.) 
 
 * * Pubescence appressed: leaves narrower: flowers paniculate: capsule globose to 
 ellipsoid. 
 
 -1- Leaves of the sterile basal shoots oval to oblong, relatively broad. 
 
 L.* minor, L. About 2 feet high, quite erect or with ascending brandies, finely pubescent 
 . but not canescent : cauhne leaves oval or oblong, 3 to 4 or the larger 5 to 6 lines long, 
 abruptly short-petioled, mucronate, some hairy (at least the margins), some whorled or 
 opposite ; those of the crowded i>anicles varying to linear : capsule obovate-globose, com- 
 monly surpassed by at least one of tlic outer sepals. — Spec. i. 90, as to one out of several 
 specimens, .^f/e Britton, 1. c. 24 Z- L. thi/mifolia, Michx. El. i. 77 ; Smith in Rees, Cycl. xxi. 
 L. NovcE-Cipnare/E, Au.stin in Gray. Man. ed. 5, 81. — Dry ground. New England near the 
 coa.st to S. Carolina and even to Florida. 
 
 L.* maritima, Leogett. Stout and bushy, a foot or two high, canescent-tomentose : 
 radical shoots formed late in the autumn, commonly ascending with thickish oblong leaves, 
 
 1 Dr. Gray's latest views regarding this group have been largely incorporated in the sixth edition 
 of the Manual, and his treatment of the genus for the present work h;is been somewhat freely modified 
 in the light of Dr. Britton's careful revi.sion (Bull. Torr. Club, x.xi. 244-253) based upon the long 
 study and exten.sivc collection of W. H. Leggett, Esq. 
 
 - Add Britton, 1. c. 248. 3 Add Britton, 1. c. 249. 
 
Lcchea. CIS'l'ACK,!:. 103 
 
 hoary with ajiprcssed {luhcsccnce ; cauliiio leaves puheruleiil or ghihrous, linear to liuoar- 
 obloiig, 4 to 8 lines long, J to 1 i lines l)nia(i : pani.le l.ri»a<l. <lense, pyrami.lal : liowers ri-.l- 
 dish (at leiuit in fading) ; calyx canescent; outer sepals nearly e<iiialiiii;,' or distinctly shorter 
 than the inner: capsule glohoso, al)out half line in diameter. — Loggeit in Urittoti' Prelim. 
 Cat. N. J. 13, & Bull. Terr. Cluh, xxi. 249. L. llu/mifolia, I'ursh, Fl. i. 91 ; Gray, Ucn. 111. 
 i. 206, t. 88. L. minor, var. murilima. Gray, nis. Syn. Fl., & Man. cd. G, 77. — Sand v wjil 
 along and near the coast, Maine, /Hide, Fernatd, to Georgia, and (ace. to IJritton) appar- 
 ently in White Mountains at Crawford ^'otch. 
 
 -t— -1— Leaves of the sterile hasal shoots relatively narrower, linear, linear lanceolate, or 
 ohlong-liuear, the edges usually revolute: outer sepals not exceeding the inner (except in 
 fj. teiiiii/olia). 
 ++ Fruiting calyx glohular or broadly ovoid, and with the nearly globose capsule mostly 
 
 rather large for the genus. 
 = Inflorescence an elongated and usually narrow panicle, with short ascending branches. 
 
 L.* stricta, Legcett. Appressed silky-pubescent and canescent : stems strict, a foot or more 
 in heiglit, very leafy : leaves and short branches ascending or often appressed, almost linear, 
 4 to 10 lines long; those of the sterile shoots only 2 or 3 lines in length : capsule globose, 
 light brown, less than a line in diameter. — Leggett in Britton, 1. c. 251. L. minor, forma 
 stricta, Gray, ms. Syn. Fl. — Prairies of Illinois, V^usei/, Bebh ; Iowa and Wisconsin (ace. to 
 Britton); Miimesota (ace. to E. J. Hill) and (?) to Belleville, Canada, Mmuun. A well 
 marked inland type but more doubtful in its ea.stern extension. Nearly related forms from 
 Maine, Fcrnald, are probably better referred to the following. 
 
 L.* intermedia, Leggktt. Usually about a foot and a half high, not cane.scent nor silky- 
 villuus hnt finely strigose-pubescent : stem leaves narrowly oblong, acute or acutish at iioth 
 ends, 6 to 12 lines long, ^ to 1^ lines broad: elongated panicle rather dense: capsule glo- 
 bose, a line or more in diameter, larger than in the related species. — Leggett in Britton, 
 1. c. 252. ? L. minor, Pursh, Fl. i. 91 ;? Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 72 ; Gray, ms. Syn. FL, & Man. 
 ed. 6, 77, in part; not Linn, nor Walt, nor Lam. — Dry rocky soil, very common from New 
 Brunswick and Canada to Pennsylvania. 
 
 = = Inflorescence much broader, pyramidal or subcorymbose : brandies slender and deli- 
 cate, widely spreading. 
 
 L.* Leggettii, Britton & Hollick. Ten inches to a foot and a half high, slender, finely 
 strigose pubescent or glabrate: cauline leaves linear, 5 to 10 lines long, usually acute at both 
 ends; those of the sterile shoots linear to oblong-linear, 2 or 3 lines long, scarcely over half a 
 line wide : panicle diffuse, flowers mo.stly terminal and subterminal or shortly racemose at 
 the ends of the slender branches: capsule obovoid, three f.jurths liue in diameter: outer 
 sepals shorter than or barely e(iualling the inner, the latter (at least in some c.ises) indis- 
 tinctly 3-nerved. — Torr. Club, Prelim. Cat. N. V. 6 ; Britton, Bull. Torr. Club, xxi. 2."»l. 
 L. Leggettii, var. puhheUa, Britton & Hollick, 1. c. Lamarck's A. minor, placed here by 
 Britton, is a very poor and dubious sketch. — Dry soil. Long Isl.and and New .Jersey to \'ir- 
 ginia and (ace. to Britton) west to Indiana. Distinguished from the following in its sepals, 
 taller liabit, and less distinctly racemose inflorescence. 
 
 L. tenuifolia, Miciix. Low, diffuse, .slender, minutely .appre.<wcd-pubescent or glabrous, 
 or the cespitose radical shoots more pubescent : leaves all small and narrow ; of the radical 
 shoots 2 lines long not half a line wide ; cauline filiform-linear and in the diffuse racemose- 
 paniculate inflorescence reduced to small subulate bracts: flowers mostly very sliort-pe<li- 
 celled : sepals wholly destitute of lateral ribs: capsule ovoid-globose. — Fl. i. 77; Ihirsh, 
 Fl. i. 91 ; Ell. Sk. i. 185 L. minor, vars. /3 & 7. Torr. & tJray, Fl. i. 154. /.. lf„si„i,{tj, 
 Spach in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 285. — Dry and .«terile, soil, especially in pine barren.^, 
 E. Massachusetts to Florida, Texa.s, Arkansas, and Illinois.' (Cuba ) 
 
 ■H- ++ Smaller-flowered: fruiting cilyx narrower : capsule elli|>soidal. 
 
 L. racemulosa. Lam. Erect, a foot or less high, with some soft silky puliescenc^ when 
 
 young, soon nearly glabrous except the radical shoots: leaves less rigiil, bm.od for I be 
 
 section, mucronate ; those of the radical shoots hirsutely pnl>escent when young, narrowly 
 
 oblong, 2 or 3 lines long; c.iuline oblong linear, 4 to 6 lines long, of the bninchlets n.arn>wly 
 
 1 Nortbw.-st to Wix.'onsin, ;iec. to Rrittnn, 1. c. 2.^0. 
 
 1.3 
 
194 CISTACEiE. Lechea. 
 
 Unear : inflorescence loosely racemose-paaiculate, effuse ; the pedicels commonly slender and 
 spreading: fruiting calyx obovoid-oblong, glabrous. — III. ii. 423, t. 28!, f. 3; I'oir. Suppl. 
 iii. 340 (describing more pubescent form tliau usual); Michx. FI. i. 7V. — Dry and rocky 
 soil, Long Island, N. Y.,* to Florida and Kentucky. 
 
 L. patula Lkguktt. About a foot bigli, very copiously and effusely branched, appressed- 
 pubescent and glabrate : branches filiform : leaves of radical shoots not seen ; cauline linear 
 or lower ublong-linear,'2 or 3 lines long, of branchlets subulate : flowers racemo.se paniculate, 
 short-pedicelled : calyx glabrate, rather shorter than tlie narrowly ellipsoid capsule. — Bull. 
 Torr. Club, vi. 251 ; Curtiss, distr. N. Am. PI. 231**. — Dry pine barrens, S. Carolina to 
 Florida, Raienet, Curtiss. 
 
 L. Torreyi, Leggett. Erect and sK 'er, 2 feet high, with ascending branches, cinereous- 
 puberuleut or sparsely pubescent : leave ' radical shoots unknown ; cauline narrowly linear, 
 3 to 6 lines long, alternate, ascending, uppermost reduced to minute bracts of the racemi- 
 form branches of tlie loose panicles : pedicels short : calyx externally canescent, little over 
 lialf line long : inmiature capsules oval aud triangular.— Leggett in Wats. Bibl. Index, 81. 
 L. race mulosa, Rook. Jour. Bot. i. 193, not Lam. —Bine barrens of Florida,^ Drummond, 
 Chapman, Torrey jide Leggett. 
 § 2. Lechidium, Torr. «fe Gray. Inflorescence at length racemiform and se- 
 
 cund (pedicels distant from the bracts) : placentae firm and thick, at length crus- 
 
 taceous, plane, in dehiscence bearing on their back the firm dissepiments, which 
 
 separate from the valves: apparently no radical depressed leafy branches. — Fl. 
 
 i. 154. Lechidium, Spach in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 286. 
 
 L. Drummondii, Torr. & Gray, a span to a foot high, with many slender stems from a 
 somewhat li<,Micscent base (or root possibly lignescent-annual), cinereous-puberulent, diffusely 
 branched : Feaves all very narrow- or filiform-linear, the larger half inch long : fructiferous 
 pedicels slender, spreading or decurved : calyx and enclosed capsule globose. — Fl. i. 154; 
 Gray, Gen. 111. i. 206, t. 89 ; not Spach. Lechidium Drummondii, Spach in Ilook. Comp. Bot. 
 Mag.'ii. 287, & Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, vi. 372. Linum San Sabeanum, Buckley, Proc. Acad. 
 Philad. 1861, 450. — Sandy woods, Texas, Berlandier, Drummond, Wright, Hall, Reverchon. 
 Reported from Kansas by Dr. Oyster. 
 
 Order XIV. VIOLACE^. 
 
 By a. Gray. 
 
 Herbs (except in the tropics), with watery juice, somewhat acrid, alternate 
 (rarely opposite) and simple stipulate leaves, and axillary inflorescence. Flowers 
 hermaphrodite, irregular but symmetrical and 5-merous throughout, except that 
 the carpels of the one-celled pistil are three instead of five. Sepals nearly alike, 
 and persistent. Petals imbricated in the bud and the lower one different from the 
 others. Stamens 5, with very short filaments or none, but broad connectives at 
 top projecting beyond the adnate-introrse two-celled connivent or connate anthers. 
 A single more or less club-shaped style and a single stigma. The three few-many- 
 ovulate placentae of the ovary parietal. Fruit a 3-valved capsule, with valves 
 placentiferous in the middle. Seeds rather large, firm-coated, anatropous, having 
 a large and straight embryo with broad and flat cotyledons nearly the length of 
 the fleshy albumen. Valves of the capsule in drying after dehiscence condnpli- 
 
 1 Eastward to Martha's Vineyard, ace. to Britton, 1. c. 248. 
 
 •2 T.. '^r.ntK rv,vni;nn ^fplHrhnrnp. and S. Virninia, ace. to A. A. Heller, Bull. Torr. Club, xxi.23. 
 
Viola. VIOLACK.E 105 
 
 catvly infolding, the gradually iiKTc-asing pres.-u,.: ,.t ,. n-i.i ju-.j.-, inr- liu- hard- 
 coated seeds. ({.)urs all have decidedly irregular flowers : Sauvayesiucea: we 
 exclude.) 
 
 # Sepals pro.lucoti at ba.se beyond the iusertion into auricles. 
 
 1. VIOLA. Lower petal produced at ba.se into a nectariferous .spur or deep sac; tin- others 
 of about e(|ual length. Filainent.s very .short or uone antliers connivuiit but disiimt, at 
 most liglitly eolierent, the two anterior eaili with a (b)r«al apjjendage or spur jjrojecting into 
 the sac or spur of the lower petal. Stylo often tie.xuou.s below, enlarged ujjward ; stigma 
 various. Cap.snlp ovoif4, crustaceoua or coriact'ous : valves several-s(!eilod. Se<'<ls olmvoid 
 or globular, smooth. Scape or peduiyle 1 -flowered, 2-bracteolate. Also some cloisUfga- 
 nious flowers, more fertile than the normal. 
 
 * * Sepals not auriculate or ap])endaged at ba.se : caj)sule, seeds, &c. nearly of IVo/a ; stylo 
 a? in most Violets elulv-shaped, the apex abruptly antrorse and U-ak-like, tijiped with the 
 small stigma. 
 
 2. SOLEA. Sepals linear and equal. Petals nearly equal in length, connivent almost to 
 tip, lower one much larger, saccate at base, emarginate at tiio broad ajic.x. Stamens with 
 extremely short filaments and broad connectives wholly connate into an ovoid .sac, open only 
 between the free tips, a rounded or 2-lobed scale-like gland adnata to the base anteriorly. 
 
 3. lONIDIUM. Sepals somewhat ecjual, or the posterior smaller. Petals very unequal ; two 
 upper shorter ; lower longest and largest, concave or slightly saccate at base, contracted in 
 the middle. Stamens with distinct filaments or hardly any, the two anterior with a scale- 
 like gland or sometimes a spur at ba.se; the connective liroad and merely connivent. 
 
 1. ViOLA, Toiirn. Violet. (Clas.sical Latin name, digammated form of 
 the Greek lov.) — Widely diffused genu.s, chiefly of low herbs, mostly of temper- 
 ate regions and the northern hemisphere ; flowering in spring and early suuinier 
 (but autumnal flowers of the conspicuous sort by no means infrequent), most of 
 our species inodorous or faintly sweet-scented. Cleistogamous flowers, of greater 
 fertility, produced by most species after the normal flowering. Leaves involute 
 in the bud, in several caulescent species puncticulate with brownish dots at 
 maturity. — Inst. 411), t. 236; L. Gen. no. 079; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 18.'), t. 80. 
 
 § 1. Perennials: stipules never emulating the blade of the leaf; radical or 
 lower ones more or less scarious : two upper petals turned backward and lateral 
 ones forward toward the lower or merely spreading. 
 
 ♦ Strictly acaulescent ; the (dissected) leaves and scapes all directly from a thick and short 
 erect and proliferous branched fleshy caudex, not at all stolonifcmus : corolla sjiccato- 
 spurred, beardless, not yellow: gibbous-clav.ate style bearing a rather large antrorse- 
 terminal beakless .stigma and beardless. 
 
 V. pedata, I-. Tuberous caudex often an inch wide and not longer: glabrous or mosrlv 
 so; haves i>r(Iately 9-12-parted, or 3-divided and the lateral divisions .■J-4-paricd, the lol»os. 
 &c., from linear to spatulate, some 2-.3-dent.ate at apex : petals half to three fourths inch 
 long, spatulate-obovate, light violet, or deeper, occasionally variegated, or a.s in all thejio 
 species varying to white, olwcurely or not at all line:itp toward ba.se. — Spec. ii. D.'l.T ; Curtis, 
 Hot. Mag. t. 89; Audr. Rot. R.-p'. t. 1.5.3; Sweet, Brit. Kl. (^.ard. t. CO; Torr. & IJray. Fl. i. 
 136; Meehan, Native Flowers, ser. 1, i. t. 26. -^ Sandy .soil. New Fngland near the coxst t*.. 
 W. Florida, W. Louisiana, Indian Territory, and nt»rtlnvest to Minnesota. 
 
 Var. bicolor, Pirsh. Two u])i>er petals dark violet.|)urple .as if velvety, in the 
 manner of Pansy. — Pursh,7/f/»' Kaf. in DC. Pn«dr. i. '."Jl ; ("Iray, Man. p<I. ."i, 79. V. ftdnia, 
 var. (itrupuriiiifr,,, IK'. Prodr. i. 2!»1. V. ^finMli/nli,,, I.odd. Hot. Tab. t 777. pale lateral 
 ]»etals spreading. I', pedata, var. ftaUllnta, Don in Sweet, Hril. Fl. (Jani. s<t. 2, t. 247, 
 figured and lie.scribed as having lateral petals rccurvcd-.ascending with the two np|)or ! — 
 Sparingly with the type in the Eastern .States, but abund.ant on hhales in .MaryLind ami 
 District of Columbia. 
 
196 VIOLACE.E. ' Viola. 
 
 * * Strictly acaulescent ; the leaves aiul scapes dTrectly from rootstoeks (or rarely from 
 runners) : gibbous-davate style with inflexed or truncate and beardless summit and an 
 antrorsely beaked or short-pointed small proper stigma. 
 
 +- Rootstoeks thick and comparatively short, ascending or little creeping, never filiform or 
 producing runners or stolons, commonly scaly-toothed or knobby by persistent tliickoncd 
 bases of petioles: corolla only saccate-spurred, blue or violet-purple with occasional 
 white varieties; lateral and sometimes other petals bearded toward base. Species or 
 forms widely different in extremes as to foliage, but running together : cleistogamous 
 flower* abundant and short-peduucled, close to the ground. 
 
 V. pedatifida, Boy. Mostly puberulent : leaves imitating those of the preceding species, 
 all pedately dissected or flabellately multifid into linear divisions or lobes: flowers smaller 
 and more blue than in V. pedala, just as in the following. — Syst. i. 320. V. pinnata, 
 Richards, in Franklin 1st Journ. ed. 1, App. 734 (reprint, p. 6), not L. which has longer 
 and narrower spur. V. yedatn, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 74, mainly (excl. syn.) ; Macoun, Cat. 
 Cauad. PI. 63. V. deli>fimifulia, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 136 ; Gray, Man. cd. 5, 78. — 
 Prairies, Saskatchewan to Illinois, Colorado, and New Mexico. Occasional similar speci- 
 mens occur in New England. 
 
 V. palmata, h. From glabrous to villous-pubescent : earlier leaves roundish-cordate or 
 reniform and merely creuate ; later ones or some of them very various, palmately or pedately 
 or hastately (or even subpinnately) lobed or cleft or parted, the divisions or lobes from 
 oborate to "linear. — Spec. ii. 933' (Gronov. Virg. 182; Pluk. Mant. 187, & Aim. t. 447, 
 f. 9) ; Walt. Car. 218 ; Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 535 ; Michx. Fl. ii. 151 (including all the forms) ; 
 Reichenb. Ic. PI. Crit. i. 37, t. 41, 42 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 137. V. cuculluta, var. jmlmata, 
 Gray, Man. ed. 2, 43 ; Willis, Cat. PL N. J. 8. V. ranunculifolia, Juss. in Poir. Diet. viii. 
 626. V. digitntn, Pursh, Fl. i. 171, form with much dissected leaves, answering to V. sep- 
 temIoba.,l.G Coute, from whom he had it. V. heterophylla (Muhl. Cat.), palmata, congener 
 {triloba, Schwein.), & septemloba, Le Conte, Aun. Lye. N. Y. ii. 139-141, &c. V. edulis, Spach, 
 Hist. Veg. V. 508, superfluous name. — Moist or dryish ground. Nova Scotia and Canada to 
 Florida and Texas, in rich or wet soil disposed to produce only undivided leaves, i. c. to 
 become 
 
 Var. CUCUllata, Gray. Leaves all without division, variously rounded-cordate or 
 reniform, or hastate-reiiiform, &c., the basal sides, especially in the later and enlarging 
 leaves cucullate-involute. — Bot. Gaz. xi. 254. V. obliqua, Hill, Hort. Kew. 316, t. 12; Ait. 
 Kew. iii. 288 (pale-flowered form) ; not Pursh. V. cucullata, Ait. 1. c. ; Sims, Bot. Mag. 
 t. 1795; Don in Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. ser. 2, t. 298 ; & of authors generally. V. sororia, 
 Willd. Enum. 263, & Hort. Berol. t. 72; Reichenb. 1. c. 39, t. 44, f. 94. V. papilionacea, 
 Pursh, Fl. i. 173. V. aaarifolia, Pursh, Fl. ii. 732, late and large-leaved state. V. cordata 
 & V. villosa,^ Walt. 1. c. 219 (F. Cordifolia, Schwein. Am. Jour. Sci. v. 62, and V. villosa, 
 var. cordifolia, Nutt. Gen. i. 148) are mainly vernal forms of drier or more sterile ground, 
 and apt later to produce lobed leaves. T'. affinis, & V. congener, Schwein. Am. Jour. Sci. v. 
 138, 140. V. cucullata, affinis, & asarifolia, Le Conte, 1. c. 137-141. V. .cucullata, var. 
 striata, Wfllis, 1. c, a form with pale petals and darker stripes. White or variegated flowers 
 not uncommon. — Same range, and extending to mountains westward, from Brit. Columbia 
 to j^^rizona. Most polymorphous ; any of the forms may present some lobed or cleft leaves ; 
 but these are common in sterile soil. 
 
 V. sagittata, Ait. From villous to glabrous: leaves from oblong-ovate or cordate-oblong 
 to lanceolate, often with hastate (rather than sagittate) or subcuneate base; eariier with 
 short .111(1 margined petioles and crenulate or almost entire; later longer-petioled and 
 often hastfately iaciniate-lobulate at base : flowers comparatively large and bright violet-blue. 
 
 1 These forms appear sufficiently noteworthy to receive varietal distinction as follows: Var. 
 vrLL6sA, Robinson, n. var. Leaves smaller, prostrate or nearly so, neither cucullate nor (with rare 
 excep>tions) lobed, either villous-pubescent and somewhat silvery ( V. villosa, Walt.) or green and 
 nearly glabrous ( F. cordata, Walt.). -With the other varieties and intergradiiig witli both the lobed 
 and cucullate forui.s, yet generally distinguishable in .sterile soil of the Southeni Atlantic States. The 
 contour of the leaf, varying upon Ibe .'iume imlividual from veuiforni to ovate and acute, forms no 
 .satisfactory distinction. 
 
Viola. VlOLACKiE. IVT 
 
 — Kew. iii. 287 ; I'ursh, 1. c. 172 ; Keicheiib. 1. c. 38, t. 42, f. 88 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 158; 
 Loild. Bot. Cab. t. 1471 ; Gray, Man. 45, & Gen. 111. i. 186, t. 80; Meehan, .\a». Flowers, 
 ser. 1, i. t. 33; Sprague & Gouilalo, Wild Flowers, t. 9. V. pruniili/olm, I'undi, Fl. i. 173. 
 V. dentatu, I'ursh, Fl. i. 172; Lodd. 1. c. t. 1485. V. cilluta, Muhl. Cat. 26. \'. oriKa, Nutt. 
 Geii. i. 148; Bi^el. Fl. Host. ed. 2, 96. ['.Jimbriatulti, Smith in liees, Cycl. x.x.xviii. 1'. 
 Allcghaniensis, Kd-m. & Scluilt. Syst. v. 360. I', sdi/ittalu, oruUt, & tjii'injitutlu, Le Coute, 
 1. c. 142-143.' — Gravelly and sandy moist or nearly dry f;round, Nova Scotia and Cauada 
 to Florida, Texas, and Minnesota. Some forms pass into V. pulmuta. 
 
 H— -»— Rootstocks thickish and creeping, commonly sending off leafy and ttorifcrous stolons or 
 
 runners above ground : corolla blue or violet, with white varieties ; lateral jietals usually 
 
 bearded ; spur short and saccate : leaves round-cordate and merely crenulate. 
 
 V. Langsdorffii, Fischek. A span or two liigii : radical jietioles often 6 or 8 inches long ; 
 
 stdloniferous slioots wiien present short and ascending, becoming 2-3-leaved floriferous 
 
 stems witli rather large stipules: flower large, three fourths to full inch long; thick sacaate 
 
 spur a.« broad as long. — DC. Prodr. i. 296; Hook. Fl. lior.-Am. i. 77; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. i. 
 
 250; Maxim. Diag. PI. Nov. Asiat. i. 741. V. mirabilis, var. Lnniisdorffii, Regel, Bull. Soc. 
 
 Nat. Mosc. XXXV. 240, t. 6, f. 24-29, but broad spur and scaly rocjtstock unlike V. mirabilis. 
 
 — Arctic Alaska and Islands to Brit. Columbia."^ 
 
 V. odokAta, L. (Sweet Violiot.) More or less pubescent, proliferous by long itolons: 
 stipules glandular ; flowers fragrant. — Spec. ii. 934. — Escaped from cultivation in various 
 placed. (Sparingly nat. from Eu.) 
 
 +_ ^— ^— Rootstocks long and filiform (not thickened nor scaly except somewhat at ba.se 
 of older flowering plants), extensively creeping underground : plants low or small. 
 ++ Corolla blue or purple. 
 
 V. Selkirkii, VvKSU,jidi' Goldie. Leaves from rounded- to ovate-<-ordate and witli deep 
 narrow sinus, serrate, commonly acutish (at fir.-<t half inch, in age inch or two long), ujiper 
 face hirsute-pubescent : sepals acute or acuminate ; petals beardle.«s, violet-blue, 3 or 4 lines 
 long, little longer than the stout and very blunt eylin<lraceous spur. — Edinb. Phil. .Jour. vi. 
 324 (1822); Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 75; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 137 ; Gray, Man. ed. 5. 78 ; 
 Franch. & Savat. Enum. PI. Jap. i. 41, & ii. 284 ; Maxim. 1. c. 730. F'. Kamtschatica, Ging. 
 Linna;a, i. 406 (1826); Regel, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. x.xxv. 227, t. 6, f. 7-15. V.umhrosn, 
 Fries, Novit. 271 (1828), &c. V. borealis, Weinm. Liunaa, x. 66. — Damp woods. New 
 Brunswick and Nova Scotia to mnuntaius of Massachu.setts and Pennsylvania, l'pi)er Michi- 
 giin, Minnesota, and northward. (N. Eu. to Kamtsch., &c.) 
 
 V. pallistris, L. Wholly glabrous: leaves reuiform-cordate, with rounded suniinir and 
 
 open sinus, crenulate (mostly an inch and in age often 2 inches broad): sejials ovate, 
 
 obtuse : petals liglit blue or lilac (rarely white or nearly -so), all nearly beardless, 3 or 4 lines 
 
 long; spur short and saccate. — Spec ii. 934; Fl. Dan. 83; Reichenb. lo. Fl. Germ. iii. t. 2; 
 
 Ging. in DC. Prodr. i. 294 (exel. var. Painsi/lranica, which, unless from White Mountains, 
 
 must be a small form of T. rHf «//«/(/, under which name Bigelow sent it); Torr. & Gray, 
 
 Fl. i. 139 ; Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. ser. 2, xxxiii. 404 ; Wats. Bot. King Exj*. 34. V. epipnila, 
 
 Ledeb., is prol)ably a variety of this. — Damp and shady ground, Labrador and alpine region 
 
 of mountains of New England to Saskatchewan, and northward ; higher Rocky Mountains 
 
 in Colorado, and north to those of Wa.shington and to arctic Alaska. (Eu., N. Asia) 
 
 ++ ++ (\irolla always white, mostly with brown-]iurpk' lines on lower or alio tin lateral 
 
 petals, or lower purjile-tinged ; lateral ones bearded or beanlless in the same siK-cies; 
 
 spur short and saccate : stigma a.s if trimcate and nuirgiiieii and antrorsely short-jjointed. 
 
 The three si)ecies seemingly run together. 
 
 = Leaves round-cordate or reniform, ■)n .slender niarginless puliolcs 
 
 1 The recently iniblisliod V. sngitlatu, var. Hicksii, C. L. Pull 
 cent ovate-oblong cordate unlobed leaves, is one of several freely ; 
 fruiting pctluncles " and distinctly niottlid seeds are not infrcfpi. 
 foliafie. 
 
 2 South wanl apparently to Oregon (Ilowtll, nos. 631, 14S9), where the rootsU>ck is mor«s elon- 
 gated anil slender. 
 
198 VlOLACEiE. 
 
 V. blanda, Willd. Commonly glabrous or uearly so, and with only subterranean filiform 
 roolstocks; leaves thin, creuulate, from ovate-cordate to round-reniform, at blossoming from 
 hair inch to inch and a half long : scapes 1 to 3 inches high : flowers faintly sweet-scouted : 
 sepals from oblong- to almost ovate-lanceolate : petals 3 or 4 lines long, usually all beard- 
 less; lower one usually conspicuously dark-veiny. — Hort. Berol. t. 24; Pursh, ¥\. i. 172; 
 Reichenb. Ic. PI. Crit. i. 43, t. 51, f. 104 ; Le Conte, 1. c. 144; Gray, Man. ed. 5, 77 ; Sprague 
 & Goodale, Wild Flowers, t. 21.' — Low or wet and mostly open grounds, common from 
 Ne^vfoundlanQ to N. Carolina north and west to Mackenzie River, lat. 66°, Brit. Columbia, 
 and mountains of California. 
 
 Vax. palustriformis, Gray. Larger form, growing in shady and mossy ground or 
 leaf-mould, where it is freely stoloniferous : leaves comparatively large, their upper face 
 commonly and s])arscly 'irsu'^'ilous in the manner of V. Selkirkii, but less so: flowers 
 rather larger; the petals usually 5 lines long; lower one less striate-veiny and lateral 
 oftener bearded: scapes and tip of spur usually reddish or pur])lisli. — Bot. Gaz. xi. 25."). 
 V. obliqua, Pursh, 1. c, not Hill. V. dondestina, Pursh, 1. c. 173, according to Torr. & 
 Gray, Fl. i. 139, but probably not so, although this is freely cleistogamous. V. avutna, 
 Le Conte, 1. c. 144. V. palustris (Hook. f. Arct. PL), Wats. Bot. King Exp. 34.2 — Canada 
 to Delaware, and in Rocky.Mountains, &c. : passes into the type, resembles 1^. palustris (with 
 which Hooker would unite the whole), but has white coroUa, narrower and acute or acutish 
 
 . sepals, &c. 
 
 Var. renifolia, Gray, 1. c. Frofti slightly to strongly pubescent with soft and 
 s]jrcarting multicellular hairs ; but upper face of reniform leaves mostly quite glabrous : 
 sepals lanceolate: petals usually beardless. — V. renifolia, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 288. 
 — Wet mossy woods and swamps, Nova Scotia to the country north of Lake Superior, 
 Minnesota, and south to Massachusetts, W. New York, &c. 
 
 = = Leaves from linear to spatulate or ovate or subcordate, the base decurrent into a 
 margined petiole : sometimes leafy along (chiefly subterranean) summer stolons. 
 
 V. primulaefolia, L. Glabrous or pubescent : leaves from deltoid-ovate or subcordate and 
 acute to ovate or oblong with either obtuse or tapering base : flowers of the preceding : 
 lateral petals oftener bearded. — Spec ii. 934; Le Conte, 1. c. 145; Reichenb. 1. c. t. 45, f. 
 96 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 139. V. acuta, Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2, 95. — Damp or almost dry soil. 
 Lower Canada and New Brunswick to Florida and Louisiana, especially toward the coast.* 
 Varies nearly to ])receding and to following. 
 
 Var. OCCidentalis, Grat, 1. c. Glabrous form, with oblong-ovate or s])atulate- 
 oblong leaves, all narrowed at base, apparently quite like eastern plants, was coll. at Waldo, 
 S. W. Oregon, by Howell. 
 
 V. lanceolata, L. Glabrous : leaves from broadly lanceolate or some earliest oldong-spat- 
 ul;ite to linear or nearly so, attenuate at ba.se, callous-denticulate : jjetals beardless ; lower 
 one often much colored. — Linn. 1. c. (excl. pi. Sibir.) ; Michx. Fl. ii. 150; Pursh, 1. c. 172; 
 Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 211 ; Reichenb. 1. c. t. 52, f. 106; Sweet, Brit. Fl. Card. t. 174; Gray, 
 Man. ed. 5, 77. V. attennata. Sweet, Hort. Brit. 37.* — Low and grassy ground. Nova Scotia, 
 to L. Superior, and south to Florida and Texas. 
 
 ++++++ Corolla yellow: otherwise nearly of last preceding section, but adult leaves 
 much more accrescent. 
 
 V. rotundifolia, Micnx. Minutely pubescent when young, glabrate: leaves round-ovate 
 and cordate with narrow or overlapped sinus, repand-crenulate, in flower seldom over inch 
 long, becoming in summer 3 to 5 inches in diameter and flat on the ground, then lucid : 
 ba.?e of some or all the petals lineate or sometimes tinged with brown-purple ; lateral ones 
 usually bearded. — Fl. ii. 150; DC. Prodr. i. 295 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 138; Reichenb. Ic. 
 
 1 The recently published V. Macloskeyi, F. E. Lloyd, Erythua, iii. 74, is witli little dou>>t a foim 
 of this species. Here as elsewhere in the genus small weak plants are apt to produce reduced flowers 
 (with tliin greenish or colorless petals), transitions from the cleistogamous ones('0- 
 
 2 Add syn. V. blanda, var. nmana, Britt. Stems & Poggeub. Torr. Club, Prelim. Cat. N. Y. 6. 
 8 Also reported as far inland as Minnesota, by Upham, and by MacMillan. 
 
 * Add syn. V. parva, A. B. Simouds & others, Fl. Fitchburg, Muss., 7, as to character. 
 
Viola. V10LACE.E. 199 
 
 Bot. Kxot. ii. t. 124; Gray, 1. c. V. clandtsfinn, Pursh, Fl. i. 173 (eleistogamoufi BUininer 
 state), from dcsci-. & habitat. — On slcipes in cold ami dainj) woods, Nova Scotia aud Lower 
 Canada to I'enn.,' aud aloIlg^li^'hel• niountaiins to N. Carolina; first coll. by Michaus. 
 
 * * * Low-caulescent oidy Ijy stoluuifnrni liowcriiiL; liranclies or by aMccndin^ 2-."Meaved 
 stems, slender, almost glabrous, mnltiplyin-; by long tiliforra nwtstocks: leaves r,,mform 
 or conlate and only crenulatedenticulate : corolla pure light yellow, with short saccate 
 spur ; stigma terminal, l)eardlcss and beaklcss. 
 
 V. saxmentosa, Dolul. Kootstock thickenc<l and stii)nlar-scaly under old flowering 
 plants, bearing a cluster of roundish-cordate (in age brown-|>unctate) leaves and scapes of 
 about the length of the petioles, later producing long leafy runners bearing axillary flowers, 
 stipules browu-8carious„ ovate-subulate : petals about 4 lines long; spur very short aud 
 broad: stigma obscurely margined. — Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 80 ; Terr. & Gray, 
 Fl. i. 143. — Coniferous woods, Idaho and northward to Brit. Columbia, thence south to 
 Ct)ast Mountains of California ; first coll. by Dow/las. 
 
 Var. orbiculata, Gray, u. var. Leaves round-reuiform, more lucid: leafy runners 
 few and short, iiearing only cleistogainous flowers. — V. orbiculata, Gey er in Hook. Loud. 
 Jour. Bot. vi. 73. ? V. rotundifolia. Hook. 1. c, — Mountains of Idaho aud Wasliington, 
 Geyer, Suksdoif. 
 
 V. biflora, L. Flowering rarely from the rootstock, I-2-flowered at summit of si)aii high 
 2-.'Meaved asceuding stems : leaves round-reuiform (about inch wide) : stipules of caulino 
 leaves green, ovate or oblong, obtu.se : saccate spur conical : stigma margined on two sides. 
 — Spec. ii. 936 ; Fl. Dan. t. 46 ; Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2089 ; Ileiclienb. Ic. Fl. Germ. iii. t. 1 , f. 
 4489; Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. ser. 2, xxxiii. 404. — liocky Mountains of Colorado, Parry, 
 Hall & Harbour. (Kamtsch. and Japan to Eu.) 
 
 * * * * Subcaulescent, first flowering from the ground, aud later usually more caulescent 
 (producing ascending or erect leaf-bearing stems a span or two high) on slender shoots 
 from erect or a.scending rootstocks, not stoloniforous or creeping: stipules partly aud 
 variably adnate : corolla wholly or partly yellow (e.xcept in last two species) and with 
 short-saccate spur: stigma beakless, sometimes with a short lip, concave, mostly orbic- 
 ular, antrorse-termiual or slightly oUique at tiie large and giblious clav.ite summit of 
 the style, bearded below its margin on each side by a tuft, or sometimes by nearly a ring, 
 of stiff and reflexed or spreading bristles. Western species, one also cismontane. 
 
 ^— Leaves undivided, round-ovate or subcordate to lanceolate : lateral petals either slightly 
 bearded or beardless iu the same species. 
 
 ++ Ovary and oval capsule glabrous. 
 
 V. pedunculata, Tour. & Gkay. Barely puberulent: .short-caulescent stems commonly 
 ascending fiom filiform subterranean biise and soon spreading: leaves round-ovate or dilated 
 sul)cordate, mostly repand-dentate (.5 to 10 lines or at length inch and a half long), com- 
 paratively loug-petiuled : stijiules narrow, uppermost often sparingly toothed: flower large, 
 on peduncle (2 to 5 inches long) much surpassing the leaves: petals half inch long or more 
 deep golden yellow, with brown-pnride lines at base and upper ones sometimes particolored 
 with same: sepals lanceolate. — Fl. i. 141 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. .5004; Brew. & Wats. Bot 
 Calif, i. 56 ; Fl. Serres, xxiii. t. 2426. — California, irom San Francisco Bay to San Diego, 
 and nearly to Arizona. 
 
 V. Nuttallii, Pirsii. Villou.s-pubescent, glabrate, or nearly glabrous: leaves ovate to 
 oblong lanceolate, obtuse, entire or slightly repand-crenate or barely tlenticulate, more or 
 less decnrrent into long margined petiole: .stipules narrow, entire: peduncles shorter than 
 or rarely surpassing the leaves, and light yellow jietals 4 or .') lines long, or (in var. major. 
 Hook.) longer tlian the leaves, and j.etals ii:ilf inch or so long: .sepals lanccolat*' to linear, 
 acute. — Fl. i. 174; Nutt. Gen. i. 1.51 ; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 79, t. 26; Wat.s. Bot. King 
 Exp. 35, excl. var. ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 57 V. pnvmorsa. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 
 80, partlv, as to pi. Scouler ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. ; not Dougl. in LiniU. I'. lin'ni<rfiJia. Xutt. 
 in Torr."& Gray, 1. c— Plains of Kansjis. Pr. A. W'aLson, and Colorado to Siuskatchewan, 
 Brit. Columbia, and south to Centr. California. 
 
 1 Jctrerson Co., Indiana? Hubbard, aud reported from ,Minn.s,.la by Upliani and .MacMillan. 
 
200 V10LACE.E. Viola. 
 
 ++ +^ ()^ ary aud globular capsule pubescent. 
 V prsemorsa, DoLGL. rubtnilciit or cinereous-pubesceut, sometimes glabrate : taudex 
 either short ami rather stout, or louger aud slender : leaves ovate or subcordate to obloug- 
 lanceolate, or some even linear-lauceolate, from undulate or obtusely serrate to irregularly 
 dentate (blade lialf inch to inch or more long) : njjper stipules lanceolate, mostly laciniate : 
 peduncles usually much surpassing the leaves : sepals lanceolate or linear, acute : petals 
 from a thinl to half inch long, bright yellow, or brownish-tinged outside, sometimes two 
 upi.cr purple-brown. — Dougl. in Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1254; Hook. ¥1 Bor.-Am. i. 80, as to 
 pi. Dougl. r. imimorsa (small form), & V. NuttalUi, Bcnth. PI. llartw. 298. V. NutUilli,, 
 var iJnuHorsa, Wats. Bot. King Exp. 35. V. aurea, Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ii. 185, 
 t. 54; Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 56. V. Brooksii, Kellogg.i Calif. Horticulturist, ix. 281.— 
 Gravelly or sandy soil, S. W. Idaho and Washington to W. Nevada -^ and S. (aud Lower) 
 California, extending to the higher mountains; in very variable forms. 
 
 Var. venosa, Grav, n. var. ( V. Nuttalln, yar. venosa, Wats. Bot. King Exp. 35, V. ouren, 
 var. venosa, Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 5G, aud V. jmrpurea, Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 
 i. 56) is a depressed or reduced form of the higher aud drier Cascade Mountains and Sierras, 
 commonly with laciuiate-deutate aud more veiny (often purple-veined) leaves. 
 ■1- -(- Leaves dissected : mainly subcaulescent ; the cluster of slender stems mainly sub- 
 terranean from a short aud usually deep fascicled-rooted rootstock or caudex : peduncles 
 therefore scapiform, least so in the last species. 
 
 ++ Petals beardless, yellow or upper merely brownish. 
 V. chrysantha, Hook. Leaves mostly bipinuately dissected into linear lobes, short-pubes- 
 'cent or glal)rate : petals half inch long or smaller, deep orange-yellow, commonly with some 
 brt)wn-i)urple lines, upper ones often partly and sometimes largely brown-purple. — Ic. 
 t. 49 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 143, 671 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 58 ; not Schrad., which is 
 of no account. V\ Dourjlasii, Steud. Nomencl. ed. 2, 771.3— Open and dry groimd, Cali- 
 fornia, from Mendocino Co. to San Diego, first coll. by Doitf/las. 
 V. Sheltonii, Tore. Glabrous, slender : leaves of orbicular outline, palmately 3-divided, 
 the obovate-cuneate divisions palmately or pedately 3-parted or again cleft into liucar-spatu- 
 late or oblong-linear obtuse lobes : petals beardless, pale yellow, a third to nearly half inch 
 long. —Pacif. R. Rep. iv. 67, t. 2; Brew. & Wats. 1. c. — Mountains of California from 
 Colusa aud Plumas Co.* (first coll. by Mr. Shelton) to S. Oregon, Howell, partly cleis- 
 togamous ; hillsides in White Salmon Valley, Washington, Suksdorf. The stigma is sub- 
 tended liy two small bearded tufts, as in the others. 
 
 ++ •!-(• Lateral petals with a tuft of beard ; upper ones deep blue or violet purjjle. 
 V. Beckwithii, Tohu. & Gr.w. Hirsutulous-pubescent, sometimes nearly glabrous: 
 "leaves of rounded outline, palmatelv about thrice 3-parted into linear or siiatulate-linear 
 obtuse (or karelv mucronulate) lobes; primary divisions more or less petiolulate: petals 
 nearlv half inch' long; lateral and lower ones light blue or bluish or white and purple- 
 veined, with merelv vellowish base. — Pacif. R. Rep. ii. 119. t. 1; Wats. Bot. Kmg Exp. 
 35- Brew. & Wats." Bot. Calif, i. 58 (in latter lower petals inadvertently described as yellow). 
 V.mordana, Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. i. 56. - From N. W. Nevada (Diamond Moun- 
 tain, Beck-with) and adjacent Sierra Nevada, California to Oregon. 
 V. Hallii, Gray. Glabrous: leaves of ovate or oblong and irregular outline, subpinnately 
 or pedately about twice parted into lanceolate or linear obscurely veined or nerved or vein- 
 less callous-apiculate lobes : stipules variable, upper often enlarged and foliaceous, adnate, 
 laciniate or entire : petals stronglv two-colored, lateral aud lower yellow or cream-color. — 
 Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 377; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 57. — Dry ground, from Salem, 
 Oregon (where discovered by E. Hall and later coll. by Jhnrll, &c.), to Humboldt Co., 
 California, Rattan. 
 
 1 Add syn. V. pinetorum, Greene, Pittouia, ii. 14. V. purpurea, v:ir. p'lnetorum, Greene, Fl. 
 Franci-s. 243. 
 
 2 Yellowstone Nat. Park, Dewnrt. 
 8 Add Greene, Pittonia, ii. 11. 
 
 4 Snow Mountain, Lake Co., Calif., Mrs. Krandegee, Zoe, iv. 171. 
 
Viola. VIUJ.ACE.E. 20l 
 
 V. trinervata, IIowkii,. (iliiluous: leaves once or twice peilatdy or iialiii:it<l_v .•}-•) parted 
 or (lividetl ; tlie lateral liivisioiis upturned ; all lanceolale or ovate-lanceolate, taperiu;j to a 
 mostly acute callous apex, thickisli and lirui, at len;itli coriaceous, and proiuinently .'l-riliKed, 
 lateral ribs intrainarfjinal : sti])ules small and entire, free or nearly so: lower jtetals 
 "yellow": stigma with a beak like lip. — Howell in distr., it, (under var. / of lieikuiiliii) 
 15ot. Gaz. viii. 207, viray, //«f/. xi. 'I'M. V. t/in/saNl/iii, \ht. i/l(ilMrriina,'Vurr. Hot. Wilkes 
 Exped. 238. — Dry prairies or rocky ground, Washington ; between the Spipen and the 
 Columbia, Pickirititj & JJrackenrulijc, and Klikitat Co., Ilnu-cll, iiuksJor/.^ 
 ***** Caulescent ; the few-several-leaved stems erect from short or creeping root- 
 stocks, no stolon.s, no radical flowers: spur of corolla short and saccate: lateral petals 
 commonly with a little papillose beard: stigiini bcakless, more or less bearded at 
 the sides. 
 
 •i— Petals yellow : stems mostly naked at b;x.se, few-leaved and few-llowered above, at least 
 
 the early and main stems. 
 ++ Leaves all or some cleft or incised, or hastate, not round-cordate : ])lants glabrous or 
 
 pubescent, the simple long naked stems rarely over a span or two high. 
 
 V. lobata, Bentii. Leaves very various, dilated-reuiform or flabelliform iu outline, pedately 
 or (ligilately 3-9-lobed, parted, or oidy laciuiate, the lobes from linear to ovate: upper 
 stipules usually large and foliaceous: petals half inch or less in length, the upper often 
 browni.sh or purple-tinged. — PI. Hartw. 298; Torr. Pacif. U. Kep. iv. 68; IJrew. & Wats. 
 Bot. Calif, i. 57. T. Sef/uoiensis, Kellogg, Proe. Calif. Acad. Sci. ii. 185, f. 55. — Woods, 
 sparsely from S. California to within the borders of Oregon ; first coll. by Ilartweij, later by 
 Bif/eloir, &c. 
 
 Var. integrifolia, Watsov, 1. c. Ambiguous between this and I', (jlahelln : leaves 
 deltoid- or rhombicovate, often caudate-acuminate, only the radical cordate. — Sierra Co., 
 California,- and adjacent Nevada, Lemmon; Waldo, Oregon, IIuiccU. 
 
 V. hastata, Miciix. Commonly glabrous, with slender stem from a short and horizontal 
 fleshy rootstock : leaves 2 to 4, approximate at summit, lanceolate-hastate to deltoid and 
 subcordate, acuminate or acute, denticulate-serrate; radical usually cordate-ovate: stipules 
 rather small, entire or with few slender teeth : jjetals <piarter inch or more long. — Kl. ii. 
 149; Pursh, Fl. i. 174; Le Conte, Ann. Lye. N. Y. ii. 150; Torr. & Gray. PI. i. 141.' 
 I', f/ibbosa, Kaf. in DC. Prodr. i. 305. V. hirta, Lewis, iu DC. 1. c. 300, pubescent form.— 
 Picli woods, of the Alleglianies and adjacent lower country, W. Florida to Penu. and 
 N. Oliio; first coll. by Mir/,atu: 
 
 Var. tripartita, (in.w. Sometimes villous-pubescent : lower leaves 3-parted or 
 3-foliolate; divisions or leaflets lanceolate or broader, sessile or slender-petiolulate. — Bot. 
 Gaz. xi. 291. V. tripartita, Ell. Sk. i. 302 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 142. —Georgia to N. Carolina, 
 an aberrant form. 
 
 ++ ++ Leaves merely serrate, nearly all cnlatc. Species, along with the X. Asian P. i/m- 
 JJora, L., successively nearly or ijuite confluent. 
 
 V. glabella, Nutt. Glabrous or puberulent, bright green : stems a span to at length often 
 a foot high from a creeping fleshy-dentate rootstock, mo.sily weak: leaves crenulate-serrate. 
 round-cordate and with a small acumination, or radical reniform ; uppermost shorlpetioled : 
 stipules small, ovate to lanceolate, thin-membranaceous or scarious : cap.<ule (d.l>«ng, gla- 
 brous. — Xutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 142 ; Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 57. Maxim. Diag. I'l Nov. 
 Asiat. i. 752. P. Caii(ul<'nsi.'i, var. Sitcftfiisi.'s, Bong. ace. ti> Ledeb. Fl. Hoss. i. 255. P. Cana- 
 densis, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 80, as to pi. N. W. Co.ast, "P. SrouUrii, Dough"; Hong. Vog. 
 Sitch. 125. V. striata, Hook. Lend. Jour. Bot. vi. 72. not Ait. V. hi flora, var. .'<ilrl,fiisis, 
 Hegel, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mo.sc. xxxv. 253; Pothrock, Fl. Ahiska. 444. — Woods, Abska ftn<I 
 
 Islands to Monterey and MarijMisa Co.. California,'' east to th rihern Uoiky Mountains. 
 
 where it seems to pa.«!s into V. puhpsnns. (Japan ) 
 
 1 Also N. Yakima, Nevius, 
 
 2 And inner Coa-st Range, acr, to Greene, Fl. Fninci.-*. 241. 
 8 Garden and Forest, iv. 7<>, f. 1<>. 
 
 4 Valk-v of Kaweah, ace. to Coville, Confril.. V. S. Xat. Herb. iv. 09. 
 
202 VIOLACE.E. Viola. 
 
 V. pubescens, Ait. From soft-pubescent or villous to puberuleut : stems erect, often 
 rohii.st : leaves creuate-deutate, mostly obtusely acumiuate, rouud-cordate or uppermost 
 broadly deltoid-ovate, the larger when accrescent often 3 or 4 inches wide : stipules usually 
 ample, broadly ovate to oblong ; upper ones membranaceo-herbaceous, commonly serrulate : 
 capsule (often half inch long), varying from glabrous to tomentose, and on same stem from 
 oblong to globular. — Kew. iii. 290 ; rnrsh, Fl. i. 174; Keichenb. Ic. PI. Crit. i. 45, 92, t. 53, 
 f. Ill ; Le Coute, 1. c. 150; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 142; Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. t. 223; Lodd. 
 Bot. Cab. t. 1249; .Maxim. 1. c. (with V. scabriusciila & eriocarpa). V. Pennsi/lvanica, 
 Michx. Fl. ii. 149. I', pubescens & eriocarpa, Schwein. Am. Jour. Sci. v. 74, 75. V. unifiora, 
 var. pubescens, Kegel, I.e. 255.— Rich woods, Upper Georgia to New Brunswick and Canada, 
 Dakota, &c. Passes variously into 
 
 Var. scabriuscula, Toer. & Gkav, I. c. A low form, from minutely or sparsely 
 pubescent to glabrate, and with leaves in age rarely over 2 inches wide : capsule from glol> 
 ular to oblong. — Gray, Man. 78. — Witli the pubescent form, and more widely distributed, 
 extending southwestward to middle parts of Texas and to Winnipeg. It were better named 
 glabriascula than by the name Schweinitz gave it as a species, as it is not at all scabrous. 
 -J— -t- Petals white with violet or purple tinge, and yellow or yellowish at base within : 
 stems more leafy toward the base, or more prolonged by successive leaf- and flower-bearing 
 increments until inidsummer: stipules small, narrow, entire and scarious or nearly so: 
 capsule oval, glabrous. 
 V. Canadensis, L. Glabrous or slightly pubescent, at length a foot high from branching 
 ascending root.stocks : leaves cordate and mostly acuminate, denticulate-serrate : petals 
 usually pale violet outside and white within with yellowish claws and some purple stripes, 
 sometimes more suffused with violet, or later ones nearly white throughout. — Spec. ii. 936 ; 
 •Nlichx. Fl. ii. 1.^)0; Keichenb. Ic. PI. Crit. i. 45, t. 54, f. 113; Le Conte, 1. c. 148; Sweet, 
 Pjrit. Fl. Gard. ser. 2, t. 62 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 143. — Moist woods, Newftmndlaud to 
 Saskatchewan and westward, south to the mountains of Carolina, along the Rocky Moun- 
 tains to those of Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico where it passes into 
 
 Var. SCOpulorum, Gray. Small in all its parts, very low, depressed-spreading : 
 leaves at flowering time only 3 to 8 lines long. — Bot. Gaz. xi. 291. — Rocky Mountains of 
 Colorado, in Clear Creek Canon, Greene} 
 V. ocellata, Tour. & Gray. Pubescent, slender, a span or two high from somewhat creep- 
 ing rootstocks: leaves cordate or subcordate, seldom acuminate or over an inch or so in 
 length : upper petals violet or with a deep violet spot on upper face ; lower white or with 
 some vellow, and purple veins. — Fl.i. 142; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 56.2— Woods, 
 especiallv Redwoods, California, from Mendocino Co.^ to Monterey ; first coll. by Douglas. 
 V. cuneata, Watsox. Glabrous, with ascending slender stems a span or two high from 
 rijrid creeping rootstocks : leaves an iuch or two long, irregularly crenulate or obtusely den- 
 tale, radical some cordate, more dilated rhomboid-ovate with cuneate ba^e, cauline similar 
 or more cuneate : flowers of the preceding or all the petals turning violet-purple and beard- 
 less.— Proc. Am. Acad. xiv. 290, & Bot. Calif, ii. 433. — Mountain woods, from Shasta and 
 Humboldt Co. to S. W. Oregon, Rattan, Lemmon, Howell. 
 
 H(= * * * * -* Caulescent from more or less creeping rootstocks, or at first flowering 
 
 nearly acanlescent, erect or spreading: leaves cordate, merely crenate or serrate : stipules 
 
 more' or less lierbaceous : corolla from bine to white, with projecting oblong to cylindrical 
 
 spur : style only moderately thickened upward, naked or nearly so, no beard at summit. 
 
 -(- Spur of corolla not very long; lateral petals usually bearded : stigma inflexed, bearing 
 
 a short scarious beak. (Canince.) 
 ++ Stipules from serrate to fimbriate-pinnatifid or pectinate : leaves apt to be brown-dotted 
 in age. 
 V. striata. Ait. Glabrous or nearly so: stems 3-4-angled. in age usuallv becoming a foot 
 or more high and later leaves an inch or two long, flowering tUl after midsummer : corolla 
 
 1 Var. scnriosa, Porter, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. viii. 63, appears to be a form of the same, with 
 stipules (which are always thin) somewhat enlarged and more scarious about the base. 
 
 2 Garden and Forest, iv. 51, f. 13. 
 
 8 And northward to Cow Creek Mts., Oregon, Henderson. 
 
Viola. viuLAcK.i:. 2o;i 
 
 yellowish white, lower petal witli Or<)wu-|jur]ile lines; spur tliiik, rather Bhorter thaii the 
 sepals: capsule ovoid. — Kew. iii. L>90 ; Will.l. Spue. i. J 166; I'urali, Fl. i. 174 ; Ueicheiib. 
 Ic. 11. Crit. i. 45, t. .^)4, f. 112; Torr. & (jray, Fl. i. 139 ; 'r..rr. Fl. N. V. i. 73. t. » ; Gruy, 
 Mail. ed. 5, 79. T. </</W/i-, Miehx. Fl. ii. 150. F. u//«//o/yi, Link, Kiiurn. i. 241. W strial'u, 
 orhruleucu, & tepeits, Schwein. Am. Jour. Sci. v. 76, 69, 70. I'. lAWisiana, (iiug. in DC. 
 I'rodr. i. 298. — Low and shady grounds, aloug streams, Upper Canada aud New Vork to 
 mountains of Georgia, west to Minnesota and Missouri. 
 
 V. canina, L. Mostly low and rather small-leaved, spring flowering and later cleistuga" 
 mous: corolla blue or violet (rarely a white variety) : petals inconsjiicuously lincate : npur 
 cvlindraceous, from a third to more than half the length of the petals: capsule ovoid- 
 oblong. — Spec. ii. 935. — A collective species or assemblage (Ku. & N. Asia), of which the 
 N. American forms may a.-* well be ranked as sjiecial varieties. 
 
 Var. Muhlenbergii, Tuautv. (jlai)rous or nearly so, ascending or erect from short 
 root stocks, a span or more high, often with some decumbent radical stems which mav elon- 
 gate into leafy runners in summer : lower leaves round-reniform and upper rouii<I-cordate, half 
 inch to inch long, crcnulate : petals a third to at most half inch long, light violet, o<'casiou- 
 ally white. — Act. Hort. Petrop. v. 28; Gray, Hot. Gaz. xi. 292. V. Mu/Jenbcn/ii, Torr. Fl. 
 \."& Midd. States, 256 (1824); Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 140. T. MuhUnhfvjiana, Ging. in DC. 
 I'rodr. i. 297 ; Le Conte, 1. c. 148 ; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 78, with var. viiiior, a small fcirm, of 
 which the extreme is of same name by Lange, Fl. Dan. t. 2710, in Greenland. 1*. tis<,rij'fiii<i 
 (uliji)ws(i), Muhl. Cat. 20, not Pursh. ' V. ilebilis, Pursh, Fl. i. 174; Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2, 97, 
 not Michx. ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1378. V. Lubrutlon'ca, Schrank, Kegeusb. Donskr. Hot. 
 Gcsell. i. pt. 2, 12 ; DC. 1. c. 306. V. punctata, Schwcin. Am. Jour. Sci. v. 67 ; DC. 1. c 305. 
 V. conspersa, Keicheiib. Ic. PI. Crit. i. 44, t. 52, f. 108. l". caniiui, Mit.sylfestn's, Kegel. Hull. 
 Soc. Xat. iMosc. xxxv. 245, partly ; Gray, Mau. ed. 5, 79 ; Wats. Bibl. Index, 82. — Low and 
 shady or wet grounds, mountains of N. Carolina and in low country of Penu. to Minnes<jta, 
 L. Superior (where a, summer form iu loose sand on the beach imitates the Kiiropeau 
 r. areuaria, coll. En(ichiutnn), northward, aud northeastward to Labrador and G.eenland. 
 Jlore like V. si/lve'stiix than any other Old World form. 
 
 Var.* puberula, W.\t.son. F^iuely puberulent thi'oughout: leaves ovate, shallowly or 
 often not at all cordate, mostly small in size : flowers also small. — Wats, iu Gray, Man. eti. 6, 
 81. I', si/lvestn's, var. puberula, Sheldon, Bull. Geol. Surv. Minn. ix. 17. — Dry grouml, 
 mostly rocky or sandy soil, Maine to Lake Superior, aud adjacent Canada, and westward 
 even to Washington and Oregon. 
 
 Var. multicaulis, Gkay. More depressed and stoloniferous, beginning t" ■ 
 from radical rosettes, soon producing prostrate leafy cleistogamous flowering 1 • 
 lea\ cs mostly suborbicular, cordate or reniform, small : stipules commonly browuisii .- ... .■ .,- 
 and strongly ])ectinate-laciniate. — Bot. (Jaz. xi. 292. K canina, Walt. Car. 219. 1'. radi- 
 rnns, DC. Prodr. i. 297. V. repenx, Schwein. I.e. 69. V. Mnldenbenpi, var. multicaulis, Torr. 
 &. Gray, 1. c. 140.' — Rocky or sandy ground, Kentucky to Florid.a, Louisiana, and Tex.x<; fl. 
 Feb. to April, and later cleistogamous on the runners. 
 
 Var. adunca, Gijay. Nearly glabrous, multicipital and mostly very short-stemmed 
 from more indurated rootstocks: leaves from ov.ate-orbicular to oblong-ovate, barely sulv 
 cordate, rarely lower ones more deeply conl.ite : petals from half down to (|uartcr inch long ; 
 spur commonly almost as long as the petals, either a little curved or hooked or straight. — 
 Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 377; Brew. & VV.its. But. Calif, i. 55. with var. lonrjipes. V. .Muhhn- 
 bertfii, var. pubcscrns, passing to V. ntlunci. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. ser. 2. xxxiii. 404. 
 I', adunca. Smith iu liees, Cyd. xxxviii. ; Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. i. 79; Torr. & Gray. 1. c. 141. 
 V. loDf/ipes, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 140; Bonth. PI. Hartw. 298. form with long p<>dun- 
 cles, flowers nearly of Wsi/lvestris, and abbreviated stems, the hirge spur sometimes curve«l, 
 oftencr straight. T'. mnina, var. nipealris, Kegel, 1. c. 250, a*< to plant of N. W. Coast. — 
 Koiky Mountains, from Colorado to Montana (where it pa.s.«es into the preceding form) ami 
 northwaril, west to mountains of Arizona, the coast of California, aud Alaska, northeast 
 to the Ottawa, Cana<la. 
 
 Var. OX^ceras, Watsos. Spur of the nither small corolla narrow, acute. aUiut as 
 long as the pet:ils : peduncles not surpassing the leaves. — Bot. Calif, i. 56. — California in 
 
 1 Add syn. r. multiaiulis, Britton, Mcin. Torr. Club, v. iJ'JZ. 
 
204 VlOLACKiE. Viola. 
 
 the Sierra Nevada from the Yosemite uortlnvard. Brewer, Graii, and uear Duuuer Pass 
 1 orrey. 
 
 ++ -H- The few cauliue stipules mainly entire, subradical ones laciniate-dentate (none 
 squamaceous and imbricated at the innovations in the way of V. mirabilis) : leaves dotless. 
 
 V. Hcwellii, Gr.w. Glabrous or nearly so : leaves membranaceous, reni form-cordate (larger 
 ones an inch or two in diameter), sleuder-petioled : pednncles long and scapiform ; some on 
 short sarnientose leafy branches : flower rather large : corolla blue, about three fourths inch 
 long including the very thick and short spur. — Troc. Am. Acad. xxii. 308. V. mirabilis. 
 Gray, Bot. Gaz. xi. 293, not L. — Damp woods on or near Columbia River, near Portland, 
 Oregon, T. Howell,. aud Klikitat Co., Washington, SuLsdorf.^ 
 
 ■*- -i- Spur to corolla very long : petals beardless : style slender-fusiform, symmetrical, 
 with erect and terminal small stigma: stipules laciniate. 
 
 V. rostrata, Muhl. Glabrous or nearly so, a span or two high from short and ascending 
 rout.-Jtocks : leaves roundish-cordate, callous-serrate, seldom over inch long : stipules large, 
 lanceolate, pectinate-laciniate : peduncles elongated : corolla liglit violet ; .slender spur 5 
 or 6 lines long, longer than the petals. — Cat. 26 ; Pursh, PL i. 174 ; DC. Prodr. i. 298 ; Le 
 Conte, 1. c. US ; Keichenb. Ic. Bot. Exot. ii. 13, t. 131 ; Torr. & Gray, PI. i. 140. — Hillsides 
 in rich woods, Canada to Michigan and through W. New York along the mountains to 
 Georgia. In N. Penu. {Dolph) found witii spur 2-3-coruiculate at top. 
 
 § 2. Annuals, becoming subperennial in cultivation : stipules very leaf-like 
 and large : receptacle concave : lateral petals turned partly upward over the 
 upper pair : stigma urceolate or globose-saccate with a thin anterior bordering 
 lip ; the large and deep cavity nectariferous. 
 V. tricolor, L. (Pansy, Heartsease.) Glabrous: stems angled, leafy : leaves obtusely 
 
 serrate or crenate ; lowest roundish or cordate ; upper oblong, at least their petiole ecjualled 
 
 by the deeply lyrate-pinnatifid foliaceous stipules : corolla diversely colored or variegated, in 
 
 cultivation large and widely spreading, at least the lower petal normally with some jellow 
 
 and upper violet-purple : spur short. — Spec. ii. 935. — Eu., straying more or less from 
 
 gardens, and becoming depauperate and small-flowered. 
 
 Var. arvensis, DC. Slender, small-flowered: petals little or not much surpassing 
 
 the calyx, white with tinges of blue and yellow, or the colors more decided. — Prodr. i. 303 ; 
 
 Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ, iii t. 21 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 143. V. arvensis, Murr. Prodr. Stirp. 
 
 Goett. 73 ; Roth, Fl. Germ. ii. 273. V. tenella, Muhl. Cat. 26 ; Schwein. Am. Jour. Sci. v. 29 ; 
 
 Le Conte, 1. c. 151. V. birolor, Pursh, Fl. i. 175 ; Nutt. Gen. i. 151. — Barren fields, or rocks, 
 
 Canada to Texas, thought to be indigenous. (Eu.) 
 
 2. SOLEA, Spreng. partly, Ging. ( William Sole, an English apothecary 
 and botanist, monographer of Mentha.) — Spreng. Pugill. i. 22, as to first species 
 (here genus actually founded, 1813, not in Schrad. Jour. 1800, where it is merely 
 suggested on a different plant) ; Ging. in DC. Prodr, i. 306, & Mem. Viol. 10 ; 
 Gray, Gen. 111. i. 187, t. 81. 
 
 S. concolor, Gixg. HerbacerJus perennial, loosely pubescent : stems simple, a foot or two 
 lii^h. very leafy to the top : stipules slender-subulate, deciduous : leaves alternate, mem- 
 iiranaceous, 3 to 5 inches long, oblong or somewhat obovate, conspicuously acuminate at 
 both ends, short-petioled, penniveined: flowers in numerous axils, small, nodding, greenish, 
 solitary or geminate or two or three on the short peduncles : capsule oval, nearly an inch 
 long : seeds large, globular, narrowly carunculate. — Ging. in DC. Prodr. i. 306 ; Torr. & 
 Gray, Fl. i. 144 ; Gray, 1. c. ^'. stricta, Spreng. PI. Min. Cog. i. 22, as to plant and habitat, 
 but hot lonidinm strictum, Vent. Viola concolor, T. F. Forst. Trans. Linn. Soc. vi. 309, t. 28 ; 
 Pursh, Fl. i. 175. Tonidium Sprengellamim. Rrem. & Schult. Syst. v. 401. I. concolor, Wats. 
 Bibl. Index, 81. Nolsetlia acuminata, TiC Prodr. i. 290. —Low woods of the Alleghany 
 region, \V. New York and adjacent Canada to North Carolina, west to Michigan and Mis- 
 souri ; fl. spring and early summer. 
 
 1 Also Salem, Oregon, Henderson; Wiriier, Hammond, and Vancouver Isl., Streets. 
 
lonidium. CANELLACK.i:. 200 
 
 3. lONtDIUM, Vent. ("lor, £?8o?, liko a vi..Iel.) — Slirubs or h.rl.s 
 (chieHy tropical), with brandling and leafy stems, alternate or ojjpohitc leaves, 
 and flowers variously clustered or sometimes solitary and short-peduncled in the 
 axils. — Hort. Malm. i. fol. & t. 27; Mart. Spec. Mat. Med. liras. Hi, t. .'j, 4; 
 Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 144; Bentli. & Hook. Gen. i. 117, excl. llylxmthus ^ Sulea. 
 Calceolaria, La-fl. It. Hisp. 183 (1758), not Juss. Iluhuntttus, li.iill. Hi>t. PI. 
 iv. 3j1, excl. sp. (not Jacq.). 
 
 I. FRUTiCDi-osriM, 13eiitli. Hot. .Siilpli. 7, t. 2, and a jirolialile variety dkntAtim, Gniv, I'roc. 
 Am. Acad. v. 154, are from the .soutliera end of Lower California. 
 
 I. polygalaefolium, Vent. Low, many-stemmed from a w<x)dy eaudex, erect or diffu.se, 
 leafy, imljorulent or glahrous : leaves both alternate and oppu.site, from linear lo obluuieo- 
 late or lower even olwvate, entire, rarely subdentate : stijjnles sometimes like the leaves, 
 sometimes small or wanting: flowers solitary in the a.xils, nodding on j»edunck'.s shorter 
 than the leaves : corolla about 2 lines long, white or wiiitish ; lower lip not stipitate nor 
 prolonged: a pair of small scale-like glands at base of the lower stamens. — Ilort. Malm, 
 i. t. 27; H13K. Nov. Gen. & Spec. v. 376, t. 496, f. 1 ; DC Prodr. i. .309; Wat.*. True. Am.' 
 Acad. xvii. 324. /. lineare, Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ii. 168; Gray. Gen. 111. i. 190, t. 82. I'l. 
 Liudh. pt. 2, 151, PI. Wright, i. 12, & ii. 16. /. f/racile, Mo.;. & Se.ss"e in DC. 1. c. 309, & Caiques 
 des Dess. t. 36. /. lineare & I. slipnlnceum (Nutt.), Torr. & (iray, Fl. i. 143. Viola nrticil- 
 lata, Ort. Dec. iv. 50; Spreng. in Schrad. Jour. 1800, ii. 190, t. 6. where it is suggested .xs ii 
 genus, SoleaA Variable species, in Mexico commonly l)ut not always with peduncle neiirly 
 equalling subtending leaf; in U. S. peduncles cominoidy but not always mucii shorter. — 
 Plains and low grounds, Arkansas and Texas to Arizona. (Mex.) 
 
 I. parietarisefolium, DC. A foot or two high from an annual root, erect, Iw^sely branched, 
 from puberulent <>r above loosely ])ilose-pu])escent to glabrous : leaves altt-rnate or tlie lower 
 opposite, membranaceous, ovate-oblong to lanceolate, acute or acnminate, narrowed at Uise 
 mostly into a petiole, more or less serrate : stipules small and subulate : flowers axillary on 
 peduncles shorter than the leaf: corolla white and purplish; lower ]}CUH fully twice the 
 length of the others, 4 lines long, labelliform, the oval lamina slender-stipitate : a laterally 
 compressed gland on ba.se of each anterior stamen. — Prodr. i. 308; Eichl. Fl. Bn>s. xiii. 
 pt. 1, 371 ; Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. xxi. 415. /. rlparium, vat.. Gray, PI. Wright, ii. 16, & 
 /. lineare, var. platj/phi/llum, Gray, PI. Wright, i. 12, both probably with some cleistogamous 
 ilowers. — W. Texas and S.Arizona, Wri</Iit. Only the var. Berlcroi, DC. 1. c. .'JOS, with 
 subserrate leaves; near 25 & 93, coll. Palmer, in Northern Mexico; the var. Ilnustnni, DC., 
 from farther south, has broader leaves thickly serrate with fine sharp teeth. (Mex. to 
 Brazil.) 
 
 Order XV. CANELLACE.E. 
 
 * By A. Gr.\y. 
 
 Tropical trees, with pungent-aromatic bark, pellucid-imnctate evergreen and 
 entire penniveined leaves, no stipules, and regular hermaphrodite cymose flowers, 
 the 10 or more hypogynous stamens wholly monadelphous, with the 2-<'elled 
 anthers extrorsely adnate to the truncate tube, enclosing the one-celled and short- 
 styled ovary, which bears few to several ovules on 2 to 4 p:irietal placenta' ; the 
 fruit a berry ; seeds camphylotropous or anatropous, with ;i small embryo iu 
 
 copious albumen. — Airieric:in order of two gon<'i' ■ "■' '• ■ > <- " .^^^ !-s. one 
 
 reaching Florida. 
 
 1 .\dil syn. Viilcwlariii Vtrticiiiatn. KunU-c, 1^,^. Gli;. !l. 
 
206 . CANELLACE^. CanelU. 
 
 1. CAN^LLiA, P. Browne. (Canela, Spanish name for cinnamon, &c., 
 probably from the quilled bark.) — Sepals 3, orbicular, imbricated, persistent. 
 Petals 5, imbricated in the bud, obovate, deciduous: no interior scales. Stamens 
 10. Stigmas 2. Placentae 2 or 3, each with a pair of ovules ascending from a 
 pendulous funiculus. Seed-coat crustaceous. — Jam. 275, t. 27, f. 3; Swartz, 
 Trans. Linn. Soc. i. 96, t. 8 ; Griseb. Fl. W. Ind. 109 ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. 
 i. 121, where petals are taken for sepals and these for bracts. (Cf. Eichl. Fl. 
 Bras. xiii. pt. 1, 521.) 
 
 C. alba, McRR. (White Canella or Winter's Bakk, Wuitewood, Wild Cinnamon.) 
 Tree 20 to 50 feet high, heavy-woodeil : leaves sjtatiilate or obloiig-obovate, 2 to 4 inches 
 long, shiniug above : Howers in small terminal cyiuea.: flower 2 or 3 lines long, odorous, 
 violet, with anthers yellow : berries black, globose ; seeds few, black, shining. — JSyst. Veg. 
 ed. 14, 443; Swartz^ 1. c; Chapm. Fl. 43; Sargent, U. S. Tenth Census, ix. 24.' C. Win- 
 terana, Goertn. Fruct. i. 373, t. 77.2 Winterania Canella, L. Spec. ed. 2, 630 (Catesb. Car. 
 ii. t. 50). — Southern Keys of Florida. (W. Ind.) Furnishes the White Winter's Bark of 
 commerce. 
 
 Okder XVI. BIXACE^. 
 
 By A. Gray. 
 
 A tropical and very varied order (including Samydece) of trees and .shrubs, with 
 2-oc-carpellary pistil and as many parietal placentae, the type Bixa Orellana, 
 L., the Arnotto (which in the pulp investing its seeds furnishes the coloring 
 matter of that name), to which as Tribe CoCHLOSPERME.ai have been somewhat 
 doubtfully referred Cochlospermum, Kunth, and the following related genus of 
 low herbs, with axile placentation, which reaches the United States. 
 
 1. AMOREtJXIA, MoQ. & Sesse. (P. /. Amoreux, a botanist of Mont- 
 pellier.) ^ Hypogynous, and no glandular torus. Sepals 5, lanceolate, tardily 
 deciduous. Petals 5, ample, rounded-obovate, convolute in the bud, deciduous. 
 Stamens indefinitely numerous : filaments filiform, on one side of the flower 
 longer than the other and incurved : antliers linear, basifixed, 2-celled, opening 
 introrsely at the tip. Ovary subglobose, 3-celled, with placentae in the thickish 
 axis : style and stigma entire. Ovules numerous in a double series, campylotro- 
 pous or amphitropous. Capsule large, pendulous, smooth, 3-celled ; epicarp 6- 
 (or 3-) valved,thin coriaceous, separating from the membranaceous or chartaceous 
 endocarp, which is either loculicidally 3-valved or bursts irregularly. Seeds 
 large, with a crustaceous smooth seed-coat under a thin episperm or pellicle : 
 embryo more or less incurved in the copious firm-fleshy albumen ; the roundish- 
 oval or oblong thin cotyledons much longer than the caulicle. Low, simple- 
 stemmed and mostly glabrous herbs, from a stout lignescent perennial stock or 
 root : leaves alternate, long-petioled, orbicular in outline, deeply palmately 5-9- 
 lobed, the obovate or spatulate lobes acutely dentate : stipules subulate-setaceous, 
 
 1 Add Silva, i. .37, t. 20. 
 
 2 A(]d syn. Laurus Wintenma, L. Spec. i. 371. Canella laimfoUa, Lodd. Cat. ace. to Sweet, 
 Hort. Brit. 65. 
 
Fraiikfnia. FRANKKXIACE.E. 207 
 
 deciduous: flowers in terminal raceme, lar^e, mainly yellow. — Moe. & Sesse in 
 DC. I'rodr. ii. G38 ; Planclion in llook. Lon«l. Jour. liot. vi. 140; Gniv, 1*1. 
 "Wright, i. 29, ii. 26 ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 124. 
 
 A. palmatifida, Mo(;. & Sesse. A foot or two hi^h : loaves almost 7-9-j>artod into xpatii- 
 latci luljcs : jjetals inch and a lialf <jr less long, orange with t»rown purple sp-a at luwc : cap- 
 sule ovate-globu.se : seeds reniforni-iticnrved, with the deiitate outer coat close, minutelv 
 hirsutc: embryo simple, arcuate-incurved ; cotyledons oblong. — Moc. & .Sesse' in DC. Trixir. 
 ii. 638, & Cabiuos des Dess. t. 1171 ; llemsl. Biol. C'entr-.Vm. Hot. i. 5.5; .1. pnlmntijida & 
 A. Schit demur, I'lanchon, 1. c. 141, t. 1 ; Gray, I'l. Wright ii. 20, t. 12. A, fruit. K,ir>iiu,the 
 Schiedt'uiia, Cham. & Schlecht. Liun.x^a, v. 22.5. — Foothills of the mountains of S. Ariwuia. 
 Wriyht, Rothrock, Pringle. (Mex., New Greuada.) 
 
 A. Wrightii, Gray. Resembles the preceding: but leaves less deeply 5-7 -cleft iuto oIkv 
 vate lobes: capsule oblong-ovoid and 2 inches long or smaller and shorter: seeds obovate, 
 with short distinct rhaphe, uot incurved ; outer coat glal)rous, loose and arilliform ; cotyledons 
 nearly orbicular, fle.xuous. — PI. Wright, ii. 26 ; Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. .wii. ;J24. A. Siltn- 
 diana, Gray, PI. Wright, i. 29 (excl. syn.), t. 3, B, fruit. — Hills and arid plains, S. Tex-xs to 
 Arizona, Wright, Thurberf Palmer, Recerchon. (Adj. },lc\., Berlandur, &c., aud farther 
 south.) 
 
 A. MALv.i:F6LiA, Gray, PI. Wriglit. i. 29, from Chihuahua, if distinct from the last, needs 
 more elucidation. 
 
 Order XVII. FRANKENIACE^. 
 
 By a. Gray. 
 
 Low perennial herbs or under.shrubs, in saline soil ; witli opposite or 4.natft 
 and subsessile entire thickish leaves (and commonly a.villary £a.scicle.s), a stipular 
 membraiie or line connecting their bases : regular and complete small hvpogy- 
 nous flowers ; calyx and corolla 4r-5-merous, the sepals united into a tube and 
 persistent in the manner of Silenece and the petals in same way lon<T-un"-uiculate 
 and crowned at base of the blade ; stamens as many as petals and alternate with 
 them or more numerous ; style 3-4-cleft with narrow lobes iutrorsely or in ours 
 almost terminally stigm.itose ; ovary one-celled with 2 to 4 one-raany-ovulate 
 parietal placentre ; capsule included in the caly.v, dehi.scent through the placenta' : 
 seeds straight and anatropous, .slender-stalked, with crusticeous coat : and mostly 
 cylindrical straight embryo in the axis of mealy albumen. —Single and widely 
 dispersed genus. 
 
 1. FRANK:6NIA, L. (J. Frankenius, Profes.sor of Medicine at Up.sal 
 in the 17th century ) — Gen. no. 362. 
 
 # Nearly or quite herKiceous : style .3-cleft : ovules numerous and Bee<ls se^ ernl : leave.s plane 
 or nearly so when fresh. 
 
 F. grandifolia, Cham. & Schi.kcht. Erect or a.'^cending from a pnKMimbent Imm. a foot 
 high, more or less pubescent, divergently branched : l.aves large for the genu-, (half inch -r 
 less long), from round-obovate to sp.atulafe. tlie short jK-titde or o.nne.tii.g bases m..>ilv 
 hirsute-ciliate : petals mo.stly 5, purple; stamens 4 to 7, comnjonlv :>.— i.inn.Ta. i. .I.'.; T.-rr. 
 &Gray, Fl. i. lOS; Torr. Bot. .Mex. Bound. 36. t. .5; Bn'w. & Wats. B..t. Calif, i. W. 
 F. grandifolia &, F. Intifnli,,, Presl, Kel. Hank, ii 3. \\lr:ln latif<Ji,i. Ksch. Mem. Acad. 
 Petrop. X. 286. — Coast ,.i c.lif.n.i , fr..,,, s,„ i-.-.ncisco Bay to San Diejfo; firvt coll. by 
 Ho'ukf. 
 
208 FRANKEXIACK.E. Frankenia. 
 
 Var. campestris, Gray, n. var. More tufted : leaves smaller (quarter to half inch 
 long), from narrowly spatulate to nearly linear, mostly with revolute margins in drying: 
 petals less conspicuous. — /'. grandifoiui, Wats. I'roc. Am. Acad. xvii. 326. F. Bertereuim, 
 C. Gay, Fl. Chil. i. 247, seems to be an intermediate form. — Plains near San Jacinto, IS. W. 
 California, Parish; S. Nevada, Wheeler, &c. (N. Mex., interior of Chilis) 
 * * Shrubby, thickly branched, a foot or more high: style 2-cleft : ovules only 2 or 3 
 nearly basilar : leaves small and lieath-Iike, with margins much revolute, commonly 
 much fascicled. 
 
 F. Jamesii, Torr. Erect : branchlets scabrous-puberuleut : leaves nearly glabrous, linear 
 or lilifunn, a quarter or third inch long: petals white, the cuneiform and erose-truncate 
 blade 2 lines long: stamens mostly 6, with anther-cells elongated- oblong. — Torr. in Gray, 
 Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 622 ; Coulter, Man. Kocky Mt. Keg. 31. — Eastern foot of the Rocky 
 Mountains in Colorado, especially on the Arkansas; first coll. hy James; Guadaloupe Moun- 
 tains, W. Texas, Havard. 
 
 F. Palmeri, Watson. More spreading, barely pulverulent-puberulent : leaves thicker and 
 shorter, a line or two long : flowers much smaller : stamens 4, with oval anther-cells. — Proc. 
 Am. Acad. xi. 124; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 61. — Border of salt marshes, San Diego 
 Bay, California, Cleveland, Parry, Pringle. (Lower Calif., Palmer.) 
 F. PULVERULENTA, L., common European species, is an occasional ballast-weed in New York 
 
 Harbor. 
 
 FASCICLE 11. 
 
 Order XVIII. CARYOPHYLLACE^. 
 
 By B. L. Robinsox. 
 
 Herbs (rarely lignescent at the base) with bland watery juice, opposite entire 
 often slightly connate leaves and regular perfect or less frequently and through 
 abortion unisexual flowers. Stems with enlarged nodes. Sepals 4 to 5, in the 
 first tribe united into a cup or tube, in the others distinct. Petals as many (or 
 none), often emarginate, toothed, or deeply bifid, in the first tribe unguiculate 
 and borne together with the stamens and ovary upon a somewhat elongated or 
 columnar torus, in the other tribes often somewhat perigynous. Stamens com- 
 monly twice as many as the petals, but often fewer and when of the same num 
 her alternating with them; filaments free or slightly cohering near the base; 
 anthers iutrorse. Styles 2 to 5, free or in the last tribe united below; ovary 
 free, unicellular or imperfectly 2-5-celIed at the base ; placentation axial ; ovules 
 amphitropous or campylotropous, usually numerous. Fruit a capsule (in one 
 foreign genus baccate), opening by 2 to 5 entire or bifid valves; seeds many 
 or by abortion few, albuminous ; embryo straight or moderately curved. 
 
 Tribe I. SILENE^E. Sepals united into a 4-.5-toothed or -lobed tube or cup. 
 Petals unguiculate and often scale-bearing at the junction of the blade and claw, 
 borne, together w4th the stamens and ovary, upon a columnar prolongation of the 
 receptacle. Stipules none. Flowers usually showy, perfect, or not infrequently 
 polygamous. 
 
I N D E X 
 
 Achlys, 70. 
 Acotjitiim, 52. 
 Actiea, 55. 
 Acllumia, 93. 
 Alliaria, 134. 
 Alyssum, 115. 
 Ainoreuxia, 206. 
 AtK^nione, 9. 
 Anemonella, 14. 
 Anona, 62. 
 ANo>jAcr..E, 62. 
 Aqtiilegia, 42. 
 Arabis, 159. 
 Arctomecon, 85. 
 Argemone, 87. 
 Asimiiia, 62. 
 Atamisquea, 187. 
 Athvsanus, 112. 
 
 Barbarea, 149. 
 Berberidace.k, 66 
 Berberis, 67. 
 Berteroa, 114. 
 Bl.^ACE.K, 206. 
 Brasenia, 74. 
 Brassica, 133. 
 Braya, 140. 
 
 Cabomba, 74. 
 Cakile, 1-32. 
 Caltha, 39. 
 Calycocarpura, 66. 
 Camelina, 131. 
 Canbva, 85. 
 Canefla, 206. 
 Canbllace.b, 205. 
 
 CAPrARIDAf'E.K, 18 
 
 Capparis, 187. 
 Capseila, 130. 
 Cardamine, 155. 
 Caulanthus, 172. 
 Caulciphyllum, 70. 
 Chelidoniiim, 89. 
 Cimi(ifu;;a, 53. 
 
 Cl.STA(K.K, 189. 
 
 Clematis, 4. 
 Cleoine. 183. 
 Cleomella, 184. 
 CocculiLs, 65. 
 CDchlearia, 145. 
 Conrin>;ia, 134. 
 CoptLs, 41. 
 Corvdalis, 96. 
 Crisfatella, 181. 
 Crossosnma, 57. 
 Ckucikek.k, 98. 
 
 Darlinfjtonia, 81. 
 Delphinium, 45. 
 DendroinecDii, 86. 
 Dentaria, 153. 
 Dicentra, 93. 
 Diphvlleia, 72. 
 DiploUxis, 134. 
 Dithvrea, 122. 
 Draba, 105. 
 Dr^-opefalon, 150. 
 
 Eianthis, 42. 
 Fln'simnm, 142. 
 Eutrema, 135. 
 
 Frankenia. 207. 
 Frankeniace.*:, 207. 
 fumakiack.*;, 92. 
 
 Greggia, 142. 
 
 Helianfhomnm, 189. 
 Helleboms 42. 
 Hepalica, 13. 
 Hesperis, 142. 
 Hudi^onia, 191. 
 Hydrasti.s, 56. 
 
 Illiciiim, 58. 
 lodaiithus, 150. 
 lonidiiim, 205. 
 Isomer!?, 181. 
 Isopyrum, 40. 
 
 Jeffersonia, 71. 
 
 Leavenwnrthia, 152. 
 Lechea, 192 
 Lepidiinn. 124. 
 Le-fqiiereila. 116. 
 Liriodendriin. 61. 
 Lobiilaria, 115. 
 Lyrocarpa. 122. 
 
 AFapnolia, ^9. 
 Magnoliack.k, 57. 
 Mccoiinpsis, 8!t. 
 Menispermack.k, 64. 
 Meiiispprmiim, 65. 
 Myosurus, la. 
 
 Nasturtium. 146. 
 Nelumbo, 74. 
 Neslia, 131. 
 Nuphar, 77. 
 Nymphrra, 75. 
 NYMril.KACE.K. 72. 
 
 Oligomeris, 188. 
 Oxystylis, 186. 
 
 Piponia, 56. 
 I'apaver, 88. 
 
 I'Al-AVEHACE.K, 82. 
 
 I'arrya, 151. 
 I'hysaria. 121. 
 I'laty.epennuiii, 151. 
 I'latystemon, 84. 
 riatystigma, 84. 
 Podophvlluni, 72. 
 Polanisla, 182. 
 
 RA^•^TN^l^LACE.K, 1. 
 
 Ranunculus, 20, 
 Ha|>liaiius. 132. 
 Heseda. 188. 
 RESEnACE.E, 187. 
 
 Komneva, 87. 
 
 Sanguinaria. 86. 
 Sarracenia, 79. 
 
 SARRACENIArE.E, 79. 
 
 Schizandra, 58. 
 Seienia, 151. 
 Senebipra. 129. 
 Sisymbrium, 136. 
 Smelowskia, 136. 
 Solea, 204. 
 Stanfordia. 171. 
 Slanlcva, 178. 
 Streptaiithtis. 167. 
 Slvlophiirtim, 89. 
 Siibularia. l.'JO. 
 SynthJipsis. 121. 
 
 Tlialicirum. 14. 
 Thi'ivpcdiuin, 173. 
 Thlalspi, 1-23. 
 ThvsaiKxarpu*, 113. 
 Tra'utvetteria, 18. 
 Trollius, 40. 
 Tn'pidocarpum, 141. 
 
 Vanconveri.i, 71. 
 Vio»«^ 1H5. 
 
 VioUACE.K, 194. 
 
 W.irpa, 179. 
 Wi!.li/.enia, 186. 
 
 XanlhorrhizA, 56. 
 
SYNOPTICAL 
 
 FLORA OF NORTH AMERICA: 
 
 Vol. J.— i'AKT I. 
 Fascklk II, 
 
 POLYPETAL.K FROM Till-. Ca I! YOl'll YI.I.ACK.*: lO THK !'< )I. V<; AI.A( F .1 
 
 By ASA GRAY, LL.D., 
 
 C(».\TIXrKI) AM) EdITKI) hy 
 
 BENJAMIN LINCOLN ROBINSON, I'ilD, 
 
 WITH Till-: COLLARORATIO.X OF 
 
 WILLIAM TRELEASE, Sc.D., Dikixtou ok thk Missoiki Botaxicai. 
 (iAKDKx; JOHN MERLE COULTER, I'li.l)., Pkokkssok ok Hotany 
 IN THK UxivERsiTY OF CuicAco; Axi. LIMERTY HYDE RAILEV, 
 
 M.SC, rUOKKSSOK OK IIolM M Ml TlltK IN Cnl'VKII I ' \ I \- 1 l:< 1 I Y. 
 
 [ISSUED JUNE 10. 1897.] 
 
 XKW VOIJK. (INriNNA ri. AM) ('IIirACO: 
 
 AMKI.'KAV I!()(»K (OMI'WV 
 
 CAMISIIIDCK. MASS.. PAMIiKHX JK ROTANTCAL SITM'LV COMI'AVV 
 
 LONDON: WM. WKSLKV .<: SO\, o8 KS.-sI-X' ST ^riM\?» 
 
 LKIl'SIC OSWALD \VKF(;KL 
 
Copyrifihf, 1SD7, 
 
 By the rUESIDENT AND FeLLOWS UF IIaKVAKD COLLEGE. 
 
 (Knibrvsitu ^IJrfSs: 
 John Wilson and Son, CAMiuMntii;, U.S.A. 
 
X GENERAL KEY TO THE POLYPETALOUS ORDERS. 
 
 truded as to appear axial in a septate ovary, in MesemhryantJiemum becoming 
 parietal through secondary changes in the ovary) : stamens mostly definite, 
 less frequently gc ; filaments free or slightly united at the base, hypogynous 
 or in many Ficoidece and the genus Fouquieria distinctly perigynous. 
 
 ++ Embryo (with rare exceptions) peripheral and curved about more or less 
 copious albumen : herbs or rarely shrubs. 
 
 18. CARYOPHYLLACEiE. Flowers perfect or through abortion polygamo-dioe- 
 cious, commonly dichlamydeous ; floral envelopes regular, 4-5-merous. Calyx either 
 gamosepalous (Tribe I.) or of distinct sepals. Petals as many as the sepals or 
 calyx-lobes (rarely fewer or none), either unguiculate and often coronate (Tribe I.) 
 or sessile and unappendaged, either entire or more or less deeply bifid or laciniate. 
 Stamens as many or twice as many as the petals or rarely of some irregular num- 
 ber but never more numerous. Carpels 2 to 5; styles distinct or (Tribe III.) 
 united below ; ovary free, completely unilocular or partially septate from the base ; 
 embryo curved about the albumen (straight in Dianthus and Tunica). Leaves 
 opposite or verticillate, entire or nearly so. Scarious stipules sometimes present. 
 
 19. FICOIDEyE. Calj-x regular, persistent (in N. American species), 4-5-lobed or 
 -divided, free or more or less adnate to the ovary. Petals (modified stamens) 
 in Mesemhryanthemum numerous, narrow, in other N". American genera wanting. 
 Stamens either hypogynous or perigynous, few or many, when as many as the 
 calyx-divisions alternate with them, when numerous often slightly united near the 
 base into phalanges. Cells of the ovary (except in Cypselea and sometimes in 
 Trianfhema) 2 or more, with as many styles or free stigmas; placentae axial or 
 basal, but in most species of Mesembryanthemum soon appearing parietal through a 
 strong secondary radial or at length cupulate development of the base of the 
 ovary. Fruit capsular or (in Tetragonia) indehiscent. Leaves opposite (when 
 often unequal), pseudoverticillate, or (in Tetragonia) alternate. Scarious stipules 
 sometimes present. 
 
 20. PORTULACACEiE. Flowers regular or nearly so, perfect. Sepals (except in 
 some species of Lewisia) 2, free or more or less adnate to the ovary, mostly ovate 
 or orbicular. Petals mostly 5, sometimes fewer or none, very rarely more numer- 
 ous, free or sometimes (in Montia, Calyptridium, and Calandrinia) more or less con- 
 nate at the base, often deliquescent or fugacious. Stamens as many as the petals 
 and opposite them or sometimes more numerous and indefinite, but rarely fewer. 
 Ovary superior or (in Portulaca) half inferior, 1-celled ; stigmas (2 to) 3 ; ovules 
 (1 to) 3 to cc, on central placentfe. Fruit a circumscissile or (2-)3-valved capsule. 
 Leaves entire, opposite (rarely whorled) or alternate, often fleshy. Stipules when 
 present scarious, often laciniate. 
 
 ++ ++ Seeds hairy or wiug-appendaged, with straight embryo and little or no 
 albumen. 
 
 21. TAMARISCINE^. Flowers regular, perfect (rarely in foreign species dioe- 
 cious). Sepals 4 or 5, distinct or nearly so, imbricated. Petals as many, free or 
 (in Fouquieria) united into a i-.'i-lobed tube. Stamens (4 to) 5 or 10 oroc, inserted 
 l)eneath and outside of a hypogynous or nearly h_\7)ogynous disk. Ovary free, uni- 
 locular, but in Fouquieria almost divided by the strongly intruded placentae ; styles 
 and valves of the capsule 3 to 5. 
 
GENERAL KEY TO THE I'Ol.VI'KTALOrS OllDKKS. xi 
 
 ^- H— -»- H— Carpels 2 to 7 ; cells of the ovary as many aii<l with placenta' at 
 the inner angles of the cells (i.e. axial ; false dissepirnonts never j)resent) or 
 in the HypericacecB the ovary sometimes l-celled with parietal placentaj. 
 
 ++ Stamens free, definite, either as many or twice as many as the petals : ovary 
 2-5-celled, with as many introrsely stigmatose styles or sessile stigmas : 
 stipules present. 
 
 22. ELATINACE^E. Flowers regular, small, axillary, perfect. Sepals 2 to 5. Petals 
 as many. Stamens hypogynous. Disk none. Ovules several to many in each 
 cell, borne at the inner angle. Capsules septicidal. Small often aquatic or riparian 
 herbs (rarely undershrubs) with opposite or verticillate dotless leaves. 
 
 ++ ++ Stamens a: (very rarely subdefinite but not of the same number as the 
 petals), free or more commonly connate or gathered into 3 or 5 phalanges ; 
 anthers 2-celled, versatile : ovary 1-5-celled ; stigmas capitate : stipules 
 none. 
 
 23. IIYPERTCACE.E. Flowers regular, perfect, cymose or cymose-paniculate (very 
 rarely racemose) ; floral envelopes 4-5-merous. Stamens commonly in 3 pr 5 
 bundles. Ovary l-celled with parietal placentiBor completely 3-7-celled with axile 
 placentae. Fruit (in ours) capsular and septicidal ; seeds without albumen. Herbs 
 or shrubs with thin opposite or verticillate pellucid-punctate mostly sessile entire 
 or serrulate leaves. 
 
 24. TERNSTRCE^NIIACEiE. Flowers regular or nearly so. Sepals mostly 5, some- 
 times more or less unequal, the inner being larger. Petals as many as the sepals, 
 free or somewhat connate at the base. Stamens distinct or partially united into 
 bundles, hypogynous or adnate to the bases of the petals. Disk none. Ovary (in 
 N. American genera) 3-6-celled. Trees or slirubs, ours with simple alternate im- 
 punctate leaves. 
 
 4H- ++ •»-*• Stamens definite, as many as the persistent sepals and alternate with 
 them ; filaments connate into a tube ; anthers 2-celled : ovary (4-)o-celled ; 
 style single ; stigma undivided : petals none : stipules small, caducous. 
 
 25. CHEIRAXTHODKNDRE.E. Flowers regular, perfect, apetalous, normally fv 
 merous. Sepals colored, persisting. Bractlets 3, deciduous. Fruit a loculicidal 
 5-valved capsule. Trees or siirubs with rusty stellate pubescence and alternate 
 palmately lobed leaves. 
 
 ^_ H_ H_ ^_ ^_ Carpels (l-)3-y:, united; ovary with as many cells ; pla- 
 centae at inner angle of each cell : sepals valvate : stamens (except in Ster- 
 
 cuUacece) mostly oc 
 
 ++ Anthers l-celled. 
 
 26. MALVACEAE. Flowers regular, usually perfect ; floral enveloix\s both present 
 and fj-merous. Persistent calyx often subtended by an involucel. Petals slightly 
 connate at the very base and there adnate to the stamineal tube. Stamens x; 
 filaments connate. Carpels 3-oc (rarely in foreign genera 1 or 2) : cells of the 
 ovary as numerous, 1-oc-ovuled ; style simple at the base and (wilii few excejv 
 tions) divided above into more or less elongated filiform or clavellate branches. 
 Leaves alternate, stipulate, commonly palmately nerved. Pubescence often 
 stellate. 
 
xii GENERAL KEY TO THE POLYPETALOUS ORDERS. 
 
 -H- -H- Anthers 2(-3)-celled. 
 
 27. STERCULIACE.E. Flowers regular, mostly perfect. Petals sometimes want- 
 ing. Fertile stamens in N. American genera only as many as and alternate with 
 the sepals or calyx-lobes, in foreign genera often oc. Ovary (in ours) 5- or rarely 
 1-locular; ovides ascending or horizontal. Leaves alternate. 
 
 28. TILIACE.E. Flowers regular, mostly perfect. Stamens oc, quite free or slightly 
 united at the base into 5 phalanges ; anthers 2-celled. Ovules mostly pendulous 
 and with rhaphe ventral. Sepals deciduous. Leaves (in ours) alternate, simple, 
 serrate, dentate, or palmately lobed. 
 
 * * DisciFLOR.*. Stamens free from the calyx and ovary, variously inserted 
 upon a more or less expanded or developed torus, mostly definite, being of 
 the same number as the petals, or twice as many, or less frequently (through 
 partial suppression of one or both cycles) of some other number ; filaments 
 free or slightly monadelphous at the base or rarely (as in Meliacece) united 
 into a tube: torus commonly more or less developed into a disk-formed, 
 cup-shaped, annular, crenate, angled, or lobed fleshy or often glandular ex- 
 pansion or pulviims, but not rarely obscure or undeveloped {Linaceae, Ilex, 
 many species of Pohjgala, «fec.) : carpels 2 to 5 or rarely more numerous, 
 more or less united; ovary l-5(-oc)-celIed, superior, surrounded by the 
 disk, or rarely half inferior ; ovules anatropous or nearly so : sepals or calyx- 
 lobes mostly imbricated, rarely valvate in bud, mostly 4 or 5 : petals usu- 
 ally of the same number, inserted at the base of the calyx or upon the disk. 
 (N, B. Expanded disks or their glandular equivalents occur also in a few 
 Thalamijioroe^ notably in Tamariscinece, Resedacece, Pceonia, and some 
 Capparidacece. ) 
 
 •I- Geraniales. Ovules 1 to 2 (rarely oc) in each cell, with few exceptions 
 horizontal or pendulous (in Rhus pendulous from the recurved apex of an 
 erect basilar funiculus) and with the rhaphe ventral, i. e. turned downward 
 and toward the axis of the ovary : disk mostly small (in Linacece represented 
 only by the glands of the receptacle, in Geraniacece often inconspicuous), 
 annular or lobed. 
 
 ++ Filaments free nearly or quite to the base. 
 
 = Herbs with simple mostly alternate entire impunctate leaves : calyx (some- 
 times with marginal but) without dorsal glands. 
 
 29. LINACECE. Flowers regular, perfect, dichlamydeous ; envelopes (4-) 5-merous. 
 Fertile stamens in ours 5, slightly monadelphous at the base and with as many 
 minute interposed rudiments. Glands of the receptacle small, opposite the sepals. 
 Carpels and styles 2 to 5 ; cells of the ovary as many or by the intrusion of false 
 septa twice as many. Fruit in ours capsular ; seeds oily, with scanty albumen, 
 straightish embryo, and flat cotyledons. 
 
 = = Woody-stemmed : calyx-lobes or sepals (except in Galphimia) bearing 
 one or two dorsal glands: leaves (in ours) opposite, simple, entire, 
 impunctate. 
 
 30. MALPKiIITACE^'E. Flowers regular, 5-merous, .5-10-androus, in ours perfect 
 
GENERAL KEY TO THE POLYrETALOlS ORDERS. xiii 
 
 (sometimes dimorphous and in part cleistogamous) dii-hlainyd<-ous. Ovules soli- 
 tary in the cells of the mostly :i-locular ovary. Seeds exalbuminous with mostly 
 curved or coiled embryo. 
 
 ==== = Herbaceous or woody: calyx eglandular : filaments commonly 
 squamiferous : leaves pinnate or (l-)2-foliolate or (in Pf^f/anum) deeply 
 pinnatifid, not pellucid-punctate (although sometimes 6Uperfi<ially resinous- 
 dotted). 
 
 31. ZYGOPIIYLLACE.E. Flowers solitary, 4-G-merous, perfect, dichlamydeous (or 
 petals very rarely wanting), diplo (rarely triplo)-st«'monous, borne on peduncles 
 which often spring from the axils of the stipules. Ovules 1 to several in the cells 
 of the 4-10-locular ovary. Fruit capsular or splitting into indehiscent cocci which 
 may or may not leave a persistent styliferous axis. Embryo large, straight, or 
 nearly so ; albumen mostly scanty and tough. 
 
 = = = == Herbs (a little suffrutescent in some species of Oralis) : calyx 
 eglandular (sepals often with colored callosities in Oxalis) : leaves palmately 
 or piunately lobed or divided, rarely only crenate, not pellucid-punctate. 
 
 32. GERANI ACPLE. Flowers perfect, 3-6- but mostly 5-merous, regular or strongly 
 zygomorpiiic (then saccate-spurred), mostly showy. €arj:)els and glands of the re- 
 ceptacle as many and stamens mostly twice as many as the sepals. Fruit usually 
 an elongated beaked capsule with elastic dehiscence or with indehiscent carpels at 
 maturity usually separating from the axis and hygroscopically coiling ; seeds ex- 
 albuminous except in Oxalis (where provided with horny albumen and special 
 arilliform elastically dehiscent integument). 
 
 = = = = = Trees, shrubs, or (in Thamnosma and some foreign genera) 
 herbs: leaves mostly alternate and often compound: calyx (punctate in 
 RutacetB but) without solitary or geminate glands : filaments unapi)endaged 
 or nearly so. 
 a. Leaves dotted or punctate with mostly pellucid glands imbedded in their 
 
 substance. 
 
 33. RUTACE^. Leaves exstipulate (or with stipular spines), commonly aromatic 
 or graveolent. Flowers 4-.5-merous, in ours regular, symmetrical but often diplo- 
 stemonous. Disk present and usually conspicuous. Ovules 2 or more in each cell 
 of a 4-5-locular often (especially in foreign genera) deeply parted or almost aix)car- 
 pous ovary. Fruit various, capsular, samaroid, drupaceous, or in the Auraut'u(t 
 tough-rinded and baccate. 
 
 6. Leaves without glands in their substance. 
 
 34. SIMARUBACE^E. Bitter-barked trees and shrubs (sometinies thorny) with 
 technical characters of Rutacece but foliage devoid of glandular dots. Our sinn-ies 
 (except the cultivated and introduced Ailanthus) confined to Florida and the 
 Arizono-Texan region. 
 
 35. BURSERACE.E. Resiniferous trees an.l shrubs with alternate ex>tipulate 
 odd-pinnate leaves and small polyganio-<lio'eious :?-r>-merous Jlowers. Fruit a 
 drupe, commonly with fleshy or leathery epicarp at length <leciduous as 2 or 3 
 thickish valves ; cotyledons thin and contortuplicate. Our sp«»cies (confined to 
 S. Florida and S. Arizona) with 3-celled ovary and '2 pendulous ovules in each 
 cell. 
 
Xiv GENERAL KEY TO THE POLYPETALOUS ORDERS. 
 
 36. AXACARDIACEiE. Resiniferous trees or shrubs with alternate impunctate ex- 
 stipulate leaves and small regular chiefly 5-merous flowers. Our only indigenous 
 genus (Rhus) with unilocular ovary, a single ovule pendulous from the summit of 
 an erect basilar funiculus, and drupaceous fruit. 
 
 ++ ++ Filaments (in ours) completely united into a toothed cup or tube w hich 
 bears the sessile or nearly sessile anthers upon the inner surface. 
 
 37. MELIACEiE. Trees with dense hard w^ood and alternate pinnate impunctate 
 leaves. Ours southern. 
 
 ■i- +- Olacales. Ovules 1 or 2 in each cell of the entire sometimes incom- 
 pletely septate 2-5 (or rarely oc)-ceIled ovary, pendulous but with rhaphe 
 dorsal, i. e. turned away from the axis of the ovary : flowers small : petals 
 often connate at the base : trees and shrubs with simple alternate or crowded 
 leaves : disk cup-shaped or annular (in the AquifoUacece wanting). 
 ++ Petals imbricated or contorted : ovary completely 2-5-celled. 
 
 38. AQUIFOLIACEiE. Flowers through abortion dioecious, solitary or in few- 
 flowered axillary cymes. Disk none. Ovary 4-8-celled. 
 
 39. CYRILLACE/E. Flowers perfect, borne in many-flowered racemes. Disk con- 
 fluent with the base of the 2-5-celled ovary. 
 
 ++ ++ Petals or lobes of a more or less gamopetalous corolla valvate : ovary 
 partially 3-5-locular, the septa not reaching the apex. 
 
 40. 0LACINACE-a2. Flowers regular, dichlamydeous. Stamens (in ours) as many 
 or twice as many as the petals or lobes of the corolla, and when of the same 
 number opposite them. Ovary 1-5-celled, but fruit a 1-seeded drupe. 
 
 H_ ^_ ^- Celastrales. Ovary superior, sessile on or more or less surrounded 
 by a somewhat fleshy pulvinary disk, 2-5-locular (in Glossopetulon unilocu- 
 lar), commonly entire ; ovules 1 or 2 in each cell, erect or nearly so and 
 with rhaphe ventral, i. e. turned toward the axis of the ovary : stamens as 
 many as the sepals (fewer in Hippocratea, twice as many in Glossopetalon). 
 ++ Stamens alternate with the petals, i. e. opposite the sepals. 
 
 41. CELASTRACE^E. Trees, shrubs, or woody climbers with simple unlobed leaves. 
 Flowers small, regular, 4-5-merous, dichlamydeous. Petals spreading, imbricated 
 in aestivation, white or green. Fruit a loculicidal capsule, a drupe, or rarely dry 
 and indehiscent ; seeds usually arillate or carunculate. 
 
 ■H- ++ Stamens as many as and alternate with the sepals, i. e. opposite the 
 
 petals when these are present. 
 = Calyx-lobes valvate : petals when present narrow but imbricated : fruit 
 
 capsular or drupaceous : leaves simple, not lobed, impunctate, stipulate. 
 
 42. RIIA^MXACE.E. Trees or shrubs, often thorny, rarely climbing. Flowers 
 small, regular, either perfect, polygamo-dioecious, or dioecious. Small often cucul- 
 late petals inserted on the throat of the calyx, sessile or unguiculate. Versatile 
 anthers dehiscent by longitudinal sometimes confluent slits. Ovary free or sur- 
 rounded by and adnate to the disk, 3 (2-4)-celled. Seeds solitary in the cells of 
 the fruit. 
 
GENERAL KEY TO THE I'OLYI'KTALOIS OKDKUS. xv 
 
 = = Calyx small : petals valvate : fruit baccate: leaves (with rare exceptions) 
 pahuatcly lobed or palmately or piimately compound, alternate. 
 
 43. VITACE.E. Mostly woody vines cliinliing by prehensile or glaiid-lH-arinj; U-n- 
 drils. Flowers small, regular, dichlamydt-ous. Petals 1 or 5, som.'tim.-s free, 
 sometimes coherent, often caducous. Ovary (in ours) 2-celled ; ovul.-s geuunate in 
 the cells. 
 
 •»- -1- H- ■•- Sapindalks. Ovary superior, often strongly lol)ed or divided ; 
 ovules 1 or 2 (very rarely cc) in each cell, mostly ascending or horizonUil : 
 stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them or twice as many or 
 much more often of some irregular number. 
 
 44. SAPINDACE.E. Trees, shrubs, or woody (rarely herbaceous) tfMidriliffrou.s 
 climbers, ours with compound or i>alniately lobed leaves and commonly polygamo- 
 dicecious often irregular flowers. Disk annular or more or less deeply lobed, often 
 unsymmetrical, rarely obsolete. Fruit various, most frequently samaroid, or a 
 bladdery or coriaceous capsule. 
 
 •»-■«-•<- -t- -^ PoLYGALiNEiE. Ovules pendulous, solitary (rarely and only 
 in foreign genera 2 to 4) in the cells of the 2(-5)-locular ovary ; rhaphe 
 ventral : disk glandular or none : stamens mostly 8 and monadelphous, more 
 or less adnate to the petals : seeds mostly carunculate. 
 
 45. POLYGALACEuE. Ours low herbs, undershrub.s, or erect rarely thorny shrubs. 
 Pubescence of simple hairs or none. Leaves entire, alternate, ojiposite, or whor|p<i. 
 Flowers pseudo-papilionaceous, dichlamydeous, rarely solitary, mostly in terminal 
 racemose, spicate, or capitate inflore.Kcences ; these sometimes corymbosely arranged. 
 Calyx with sepals very unequal, three usually sepaloid and two larger showy and 
 petaloid. Filaments short ; anthers dehiscent by terminal pores or oblique iutrorse 
 slits. 
 
FASCICLE 11. 
 
 Oeder XVIIL CARYOPHYLLACE^. 
 
 By B. L. Robinson. 
 
 Herbs (rarely lignescent at the base) with bland watery juice, opposite entire 
 often slightly connate leaves and regular perfect or less frequently and through 
 abortion unisexual flowers. Stems with enlarged nodes. Sepals 4 to 5, in the 
 first tribe united into a cup or tube, in the others distinct. Petals as many (or 
 none), often emargiuate, toothed, or deeply bifid, in the first tribe unguiculate 
 and borne together with the stamens and ovary upon a somewhat elongated or 
 columnar torus, in the other tribes often somewhat perigynous. Stamens com- 
 monly twice as many as the petals, but often fewer and when of the same num 
 ber alternating with them ; filaments free or slightly cohering near the base ; 
 anthers iutrorse. Styles 2 to 5, free or in the last tribe united below; ovary 
 free, unicellular or imperfectly 2-5-celled at the base ; placentation axial ; ovules 
 amphitropous or campy lotropous, usually numerous. Fruit a capsule (in one 
 foreign genus baccate), opening by 2 to 5 entire or bifid valves; seeds many 
 or by abortion few, albuminous ; embryo straight or moderately curved. 
 
 Tribe I. SILENEvE. Sepals united into a 4-5-toothed or -lobed tube or cup. 
 Petals unguiculate and often scale-bearing at the junction of the blade and claw, 
 borne, together with the stamens and ovary, upon a columnar prolongation of the 
 receptacle. Stipules none. Flowers usually showy, perfect, or not infrequently 
 polygamous. 
 
CAKYorilVLLAt'K.i:. 200 
 
 # Seeds conijircssed or inciiiscnidul, attathed liy tlio Hattened or concave face; eiuliryo 
 
 straight or iiisirlv so. 
 
 -»— Calyx cliracteolatc : .staiiiciis mostly 5. 
 
 1. VELEZIA. Calyx slender, elongated, cylindrical, 5-rild»ed or (more often) unlioqnally 
 ir)-rilpl)t(l, sharply 5-toothed. I'etals small, scarcely appenilaged ; hhules 2(-4) t<M)tlie<i or 
 rarely entire. Torus not elongated. Styles 2 ; slender terete capsule 4-valvcd ut the sum- 
 mit. Flowers sessile or very shortly jiedunded. 
 
 ■i— H— Calyx subtended by one or more pairs of bractlets: stamens 10. 
 
 2. DIANTHUS. Calyx tubular, fj-tootbed, finely niany-striate. rctuls 5, with long dawn ; 
 the blade entire, emarginate, or several-toothed. Styles 2. Cajtsule dehiscent by 4 valves. 
 Leaves narrow, ofteu connate by narrow scarious membranes. Flowers commonly showy. 
 
 3. TUNICA. Calyx turbinate or cylindrical, obtusely toothed, distinctly 5-rilil)ed, or some- 
 times 13-ribbed. Fetals 5. Styles 2. Flowers considerably smaller and habit more slemler 
 than iu Dkiidlivs. 
 
 * * Seeds laterally attached ; embryo curved : calycine bractlets none. 
 -(— Styles 2 ; cai)sule 4-toothed or -valved : introduced jdants. 
 
 4. GYPSOPHILA. Calyx turbinate, tubular or campanulate, .5-toothed, herl)aceon.«i only 
 in the ini(blle of the segments, the intermediate parts being .scarious. Petals 5. Stamens 
 10. Flowers mostly small, paniculate or scattered, rarely aggregated. Cajtsule rather 
 deeply 4-valved. 
 
 5. SAPONARIA. Calyx tubular or ovoid, 5-toothed, terete with numerous faint veins, 
 or conspicuously 5-angled. Flowers showy. I'etals 5. Stamens 10. Capsule deiii.-cent at 
 apex by 4 short teeth. 
 
 ^_ H_ Styles normally 3 (sometimes 4 or .5) ; capsule opening by 3 or 6 teeth : calyx com- 
 monly 10-nerved, rarely x-nervcd. 
 
 6. SILENE. Calvx 5-tootbed, campanulate, subcylindric or turbinate, either inflated or 
 becoming distended by the maturing ca])sule, 10-x-nerved. Petals usually a|ipemlaged at 
 tiie summit of the claw; the blade variously toothed or divided, rarely entire. Stamens 10. 
 Stvles 3 (rarely 4 or 5). Stipe of the ovary commonly developed. Capsule 1 -celled or 
 somewhat 3-celied at the base. Flowers solitary, racemose, or cymose-itaniculate. 
 
 ^_ H>. ^_ Styles 5, alternating witii the petals when of the .same number: calyx-teeth 
 not foliaceous. 
 
 7. LYCHNIS. Calyx ovoid, obovate, or clavate, ."i-toothed, 10-nerved, inflated or not. 
 Petals with or without appendages ; tiie blade entire, emarginate, bifid or variously deft. 
 Stamens 10. Ovary 1-celled or divided at the base into 5 partial cells. Capsule dehiscent 
 by as many or twice as many teeth as there are styles. 
 
 ^_ ^_ ^_ H- Styles 5. opposite the petals: caly.x-teeth conspicuou.sly prolonged into folia- 
 ceous apjieiidages : introduced plants. 
 
 8. AGROSTEMMA. Calyx ovoid, with 10 strong ribs : the dongated teeth in our specie* 
 au inch or more in length' exceeding the five large uuap|»endaged petals. Suimens 10. 
 Capsule 1-celled. Leaves linear. 
 
 Trihk II. ALSIXE.T-:. Segals free or slightly united at the very hase. Petal.H 
 iiion? or h-ss contracted but not ungnioulate ludow. Corona absent. Flowers 
 mostly small. Styles distinct to the ba.se. 
 
 * Stipules none. 
 ^ Capsule cylindric, more or less elongate.l. often curved, dehiscent by twice .is many teeth 
 as there are carpels. 
 
 9. HOLOSTEUM. Sepals .5. Petals .■>, wjiite, snbentirc or denticulate toward tlip apex. 
 Stamens .J to .'), verv randv 10. Stvles ."l (..,c;i.Mo!ially 4 or f)), longitudinally Migmalic. 
 
 Pod unicellular : seells numerous, .lorsally flatte I. i. e. jwirillel with the incumlnMit cutylc 
 
 dons: the radicle prominent upon the ventral surface. Infioresceuco umbelliform. 
 
 14 
 
210 CARYOPHYLLACE.E. Velezia. 
 
 10. CERASTIUM. Sepals iu our siieeies 5. Petals as many, retiise or bifid, very rarely 
 subeiitire, white. Stameus 10, or soiuetinie.s fewer. Styles 5 (4 or 3). Capsule usually 
 exceediujj the calyx, ofteu curved ; seeds numerous, more or less laterally compressed. 
 
 4- -1— Capsule ovoid or oblong, relatively short, dehiscent by as many or twice as many 
 teeth as there are carpels. 
 ++ Styles usually fewer than the sepals, when of tiie same number opposite them. 
 
 11. STELLARIA. Sepals 5 (or 4). Petals 5 (or 4, rarely abortive or absent), always 
 more or less deeply bifid, ofteu divided almost to the base, white. Stameus 3 to 10. Styles 
 3 or 4, rarely 5. 
 
 12. ARENARIA. Sepals .5. Petals as many, white or nearly so, entire or emarginate 
 (very rarely miuute or wanting). Stameus 10, or often fewer by abortion. Styles 3 or 4; 
 seeds many. 
 
 ++ ++ Styles as many as the sepals and alternate with them. 
 
 13. SAGINA. Sepals 5 (rarely 4). Petals as many, entire or emarginate, white, not rarely 
 absent. Stamens usually 5, less frequently 3 to 10. Valves of the capsule as many as the 
 sepals and opposite them ; seeds several to many. 
 
 * * Stipules present, scarious : petals undivided. 
 
 14. SPERGULARIA. Sepals 5. Petals 5 (rarely fewer or none), purplish or white. 
 Stamens commonly 10. Styles 3 (very rarely .5) ; ovary 1 -celled. Valves of the capsule as 
 many as the styles, when 5 iu number alternate with the sepals ; seeds ofteu margined. 
 Leaves linear or filiform. 
 
 15. SPERGULA. Sepals 5. Petals 5, white. Stamens 10 (rarely 5). Styles 5; ovary 
 1 -celled, many-ovuled. Valves of the capsule 5, opposite the sepals ; seeds acutely margiued 
 or uarrowly winged. Leaves narrow, linear, verticillate and fascicled in the axils. 
 
 Tribe IIL POLYCARPE.E. Sepals free or somewhat united at the base. Petals 
 commonly small, not distinctly unguiculate, borne, togetlier with the stamens, upon 
 a hypogynous or slightly perigynous disk. Style simple below, 3- or more rarely 
 2-branched above ; stigmas rarely sessile on the ovary. 
 * Petals 2 - 5-parted. 
 
 16. DRYMARIA. Sepals 5, often scarious-margiued. Petals 5. Stamens 3 to 5, slightly 
 perigynous. Ovary 1-celled, several -many-ovuled. Capsule 3-valved. P'lowers small, white 
 or nearly so. Leaves flat, though often narrow, opposite or j)seudoverticillate. Stipules 
 small, free, scarious or bristle-formed, sometimes fugacious. 
 
 * * Petals entire, denticulate, or none. 
 ■i— Cauline leaves numerous, flat, not linear-setaceous. 
 
 17. POLYCARPON. Sepals 5, more or less carinate, entire, scarious-margined. Petals 
 5, small, sliniter than the sepals, sometimes emarginate. Stamens 3 to .5. Ovary 1-celled. 
 Capsule 3-valved, several-seeded ; seeds ovoid with the embryo but little curved. 
 
 -t— H— Cauline leaves setaceous. 
 
 18. LCEFLINGIA. Sepals 5, carinate and produced to rather rigid setaceous tips; the 
 three outer ones commonly bearing a setaceous tooth on each side. Petals 3 to 5, small, or 
 none. Stamens 3 (to 5?). Ovary 1-celled, several-.seeded, triangular. Capsule 3-valvcd ; 
 seeds oblong, attached laterally near the base ; embryo somewhat curved ; cotyledons 
 accumbent. 
 
 -J— -I— -1— Leaves forming a radical rosette ; the cauline minute or obsolete ; basal stipules 
 lacerate. 
 
 1 9. STIPULICIDA. Sepals 5, distinct, somewhat rigid, obtuse, often emarginate, scarious- 
 margined. Petals 5, oblong, gradually contracted below, hypogynous. Stamens 5. Capsule 
 ovate-globose, 3-valved, many-seeded. 
 
 1. VELEZIA, Lcefl. (Named for Cn'sfobal Velez, friend of Locfling and 
 author of an unpublished flora of Madrid, and not, as is sometimes said, Francisco 
 
JXianthus. CAin'orilYLLACK.K. 211 
 
 Velez tie Aroiiiie<,';i.) — Animals with toiii,'li (lkli(.t(.iiiun>Iy brainlifd hU-m»«, 
 sparse subulate I'uliagc, and skMider sessile or sliort-iH-duiicl.il lluwers. — LttW. in 
 L. Spec. i. ^32; Sibtliorp, Fl. Gra-c. t. .'VJO, .'JIU ; Keichcnb. le. FI. Cierm. vi. 
 t. 24G; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 144. — A small Mediterranean g.-nus of charac- 
 teristic habit. A single species, probably of recent introduction, has just been 
 noted in Central California. 
 
 V. ufoinA, L. 1. c. Leaves iiiirrnwly linear, atteiinalc, an iiuli or less in lenf,'ili : fiowont mh- 
 solitary at the uodcs, ur in tlie forks ol" the stem, ;)nil niort- or less crowded toward the endM 
 of the briinehes: eah x about e<|iially 15-rihhed, glanilular-piii.eriilent, C to 8 lines lonp, 
 scarcely more than half line in diameter; sharp teeth erect: jietals small with minute 
 
 bristle-formed appendages and small atoothed roseate idades : stamens :i (to 10 7). 
 
 Keicheub. I.e.— Dry sandy bluffs of the Tuolumne Kiver, near La (;range, California, 
 Jepsoii, IJS'JG; fl. July. (Adv. from Eu.) 
 
 2. DIANTHUS, L. Pink, Caunation. (At.'x; and .Ii^o?, How.r of 
 
 Jove.) — Syst. Nat. ed. 1, & Gen. no. 364; DC. Prodr. i. 'S'j') ; Reidienb. Ic. 
 
 Fl. Germ. vi. t. 248-208; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 144. — Chiefly nativ.s of S. 
 
 P^urope and N. Africa, deservedly popular in cultivation. Several species tend 
 
 to escape, and have become more or less naturalized. Oue variety only is 
 
 indigenous to this continent. 
 
 * Indigenous in the extreme Northwest. 
 
 D. alpinus, L. Low cespitose perennial with numerous ascending l-flowered stems: 
 bracts 2 to 6, erect or somewhat spreading. — Spec. i. 412; Kegel. Bull. Sx-. Nat. .Mosc. 
 xxxiv, pt. 2, 52'.». — (Eu., Liberia.) Very variable and according to Hegel passing into 
 
 Var. repens, Hi:(;ei., 1. c 531. Hoot single, vertical ordiscending : stems pr'Mumbent 
 but not repent, much branched from near the ba.se; branches simple, ascending, 3 to 6 
 inches in height, most often l-flowered : leaves linear or linear-lanceolate. 8 to 16 lines long, 
 glabrous, slightly fleshy : involucral scales a single pair, narrowly ov.ate. acuminate, nearly 
 equalling the calyx, the attenuate tips .slightly spreading: calyx .somewhat intlateil, f. lines 
 long: corolla ])urple. about 7 lines broad, glabntns ; jietals with obovate erose-<lent;ite 
 blades. — D. repi'tis, Willd. Spec. ii. 681 ; Cham. & Schlecht. Linna-a, i. 37 ; Torr. & Clniy, 
 Fl. i. 195 ; Seem. Bot. IleraM, 27, t. 4. —Coast of \. and W. Aliiska. (.Siberia.) 
 
 * * Species of the ( »ld World, naturalized, or adveutive and locally established. 
 ■i— Bractlet short, half the length of the calyx : flowers solitary. 
 
 D. Dii.TofiiKs, L. (.Maiden Pink.) Perennial: stems decumbent, ascending, 6 inches to a 
 foot in height, very leafy below: leaves short, narrowly oldong to lance-linear, a line wide, 
 the lower obtusisli, the uppermost acute : calyx long, tubular : }>etals narrow, red. jiink, or 
 white. — Spec. i. 411 ; Eng. Bot. t. 61 ; W.ats. & Coulter in (iray, Man. ed. fi, 8.} — Urra- 
 sionally found escaped from gardens. New England. Martha's \ineyard. Miss A". Wnison, 
 and E. Windsor, Conn., from same collector, to Michigan (flrst rejiorted in Bot. (Jaz. vii. 
 109, as D.fiircafiis), L. II. Bnllnj. (Eu., Asia.) 
 -t— •<— Bractlets narrow, attenuate, eipialling or exceeding the calyx : flowers clustered. 
 
 D. hahkAtis, L. 1. e. 409. (Swkkt William.) A smooth ]>erennial. 1 to a feet in height: 
 stems simjile, bearing the flowers in dense cymose fascicles: leaves lanceolate, larg<' for the 
 genus. H to 3 inches long, a fourth as wide, minutely ri>ughened on the edgea: bnutletH 
 filiform from a lanceolate b.ose : lda<les of petals triangular-olxivate, toothed, n-tl, purple or 
 white, often variegated in cultivation. — Heichenb. Ic. Kl. (JernL vi. t. 248. — L«»ng culti- 
 vated, and occasionally spontaneous about old gardens. (En.) 
 
 D. AuMEKiA, L. 1. c. 410. (1)ki'TKoki> I'isk.) Annual, I to 2 feet high, covered with n fine 
 grayish pubescence: stems branching and bearing .'several 2-4-flowered f.-j.-w ides : bmclii 
 subnl.ite, atteniuate, densely pubescent : flowers scentless : calyx slemler. tuhu':«r. 7 to s linen 
 long, the tcetli very sharp: petals roseate, s]>otted with while; blades elUplical, crenaUv 
 
212 CARYOPHYLLACEiE. Dianthus. 
 
 dentate. — Pursh, Fl. i. 314 ; Bigel. Fl. Bost. 108 ; Torr. Fl. N. & Midd. States, 447 ; Torr. 
 & Gray, Fl. i. 195. D. armeroides, Raf. in Desv. Jour. Bot. iii. 269 (1814), & Precis 
 Decouv.'ae (1814). Atocion armerioides, Raf. Autikon Bot. 29. — Fields and pine woods, 
 Canada and Eastern States from Maine (Portland Catalogue) to Virginia and westward at 
 least as far as Micliigan and Iowa (ace. to Shimck) ; also naturalized and spreading upon 
 rocky shores of Vancouver Isl. (ace. to J. M. Macoun) ; fl. June, July. Autumnal fldwers 
 in October noted by L. F. Ward, and by others. (Eu., Caucasus.) 
 
 ^ ^ .i- Bractlets broad, scarious, concealing the calyx. 
 D. pk6lifer, L, 1. c. Annual, a foot or two in height: stems wiry: leaves narrow, minutely 
 'scabrous, acute : heads terminal, 2 - several-flowered, inclosed in thin dry ovate obtusish 
 mucrona'te imbricated bractlets : flowers expanding one at a time, ci)hemeral : caly.x tubu- 
 lar; the veins faint, collected into five groups: petals small, notched, pink or red. — Eng. 
 Bot. t. 956. Tunica prolifera, Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2, i. 299. — New Jersey, Durand ; Eastern 
 Pennsylvania, Smith, Porter; Staten Island, Britton ; Suffolk Co., Long Island, Ilollick ; 
 Delaware, ace to Commons; Cleveland, O., Beardslee ; fl. all summer. This species, 
 especially in its calyx, forms a transition to the next genus. (Eu., Caucasus.) 
 
 3. TtTNICA, Rupp. {Tunica, a tunic, probably in reference to the close 
 involucre.) — Slender wiry-stemmed herbs with small mostly linear leaves. 
 Flowers terminal, solitary or fascicled in small heads. — Fl. Jen. 105; Adans. 
 Fam. ii. 255, in part ; Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2, i. 298 ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 
 145; Williams, Jour. Bot. xxviii. 193. — Old World plants represented in Amer- 
 ica by a single species recently introduced. 
 
 T s\xfFRAGA, Scop. 1. c. 300. Smooth : stems numerous, slender, branching, curved-ascend- 
 ' in'' : leaves small, linear, acute, less than half a line in width : the lower internodes very 
 short : flowers small, numerous, terminal, solitary : bractlets 2 pairs, scarious except in the 
 middle, acute, considerably shorter than the calyx : petals notched, pale purple ; blades 
 a line in length. — Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. vi. t. 246. Dianthus Sa.rifragus, L. Spec. i. 413. 
 — Flushing, L. I., J. Schrenk, and on roadsides near Loudon, Ontario, Buriiess. (Adv. 
 from Eu.) 
 
 4. G-YPS6PHILA, L. (ru^os, gypsum, and (fnXelv, to love, from a sup- 
 posed preference for soil rich in gypsum.) — Amcen. Acad. iii. 23 (Diss. Chen. 
 1751, 41), & Spec. i. 406 ; DC. Prodr. i. 251, in part ; Reichenb. 1. c. t. 239-242 ; 
 Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 146; Williams, 1. c. xxvii. 321. — Old World herbs of 
 graceful habit, mostly natives of Southern Europe and Western Asia. Several 
 species are cultivated for ornament ; the following are sparingly naturalized. 
 
 G MfRALis, L. Low annual with the habit of Arenaria : leaves small, linear, acute : flowers 
 'scattered in the forks of the branches : pedicels filiform, two or three times as long as the 
 calvx : petals pink with darker veins, emarginate, 2 to 3 lines in length. — Spec. i. 408 ; Fl. 
 Dan. t. 1268. — Roadsides and sandy places from Maine, Miss Blatchford, to 'Sevf Jen^ey, 
 Brown, and westward to London, Canada, Dearness ; becoming fretpient. (Adv. from S. 
 and Midd. Eu., Siberia.) 
 
 G panictjlAta, L. 1. c. 407. (Baby's Breath.) Perennial, glabrous and somewhat glau- 
 *cous 2 feet or more in height : leaves lanceolate, acute, 1 to 1^ inches in length: flowers 
 very' numerous in a compound panicle: segments of the c.ilyx with consi)icuous white sca- 
 rious margins : petals scarcely exceeding the calyx: capsule nearly spherical. — Reichenb. 
 1. c. t. 242. — Doubtfully established at Emer.son, Manitoba, Foivler. (Adv. from Eu.) 
 5. SAPONARIA, L. Soapwort. (Latin sapo, soap; S. officinalis 
 
 having been used as a substitute for soap, the juice being capable of forming a 
 
 lather!) — Syst. Nat. ed. 1, & Gen. no. 365 ; DC. Prodr. i. 365 ; Benth. & Hook. 
 
 Gen. i. 146. — A genus of the Old World including plants of diverse habit. Two 
 
Silene. CAKV( )ril VLL.UK.E. 213 
 
 rather coarse species beloiigiiig to diircreiit sections of the g<'mis are spontaneouB 
 in America. 
 
 § 1. Vaccauia, Dodon. (as gen.). Annual: flowers in a broad loose flat- 
 topped corymb : calyx ovate, 0-angled. — Pempt. 104 ; DC. 1. c. 
 S. VaccAkia, L. Glabrous and somewhat f;laiicous : leaves ovate or oliloiiK-laiiccolate, iiessile 
 and somewhat connate : calyx with 5 sharp lierl)aceous anj;lfs, the inlerveniiiK Jiarls iH-injj 
 wliite and scarious : coroUa rose-colored, destitute of a|i])end:i;4es. — Sjiec. i. 409; Sims. 
 Hot. Mag. t. 2290; Torr. & (Jray, Fl. i. 195 ; also variously referred Iiy aulhors to diipiut- 
 phila, Lyvhuis, or more often regarded as an inde|icndent genus, Vamirin ( V. rulijnrix, llimt, 
 Fl. Au.-it. i. 518). — Railway bulhust ami cultivated grouml, fre<|uent and sometimes trouble- 
 some in wheattields westward, where it ixars the name of "cockle"; H. July, AugUHt. 
 (Introd. from Eu.) 
 
 § 2. BooTiA, Neck, (as gen,). Perennials: flowers fasciculate-paniculate: 
 calyx cylindrical, not angled. — Delic. Gallo-Belg. i. 193 ; DC. 1. c. 
 
 S. OFFICINALIS, L. 1. c. 408. (SoAPWORT, BoiNCiNO Bet.) Perennial, smooth, Ij to 2 feet 
 high: leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, 3-ribbed, 2 to 3 inches long, narrowed at tlie bas<' ; in- 
 florescence terminal, somewhat pyramidal, the flowers clustered at the ends of short branches : 
 calvx tubular, terete : petals ajjpendaged at tlie junction of the claw and the obovate retuse 
 blade, white or jyink, often double. — Eng. Bot. t. lOGO; Pursh, Fl. i. 314 ; Torr. & Gray, 
 Fl. i. 195. — Roadsides and waste ground, common ; fl. July to the end of October. (Nat. 
 from Eu.) Tricarpellary flowers are not iiifreciueut. 
 
 6. SIL^INE, L. Catciiflv, Campion. (Name from SctXTjro?, in refer- 
 ence to the viscid excretion of many species, the Greek god having been described 
 as covered with foam; also derived directly from aiaXov, saliva.) — Syst. Nat. 
 ed. 1, & Gen. no. 372; Otth in DC. Prodr. i. 367; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 1HI>; 
 Fenzl in Lcdeb. Fl. Ross. i. 303 ; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. vi. t. 2G9-30I ; 
 Benth. &, Hook. Gen. i. 147; Rohrb. Monogr. der Gatt. Silene; Wats. Proc. 
 Am. Acad. x. 340, &, Bibl. Index, lOG; Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad, xxviii. 130. 
 
 A large genus of attractive plants inhabiting chiefly the northern temperate 
 
 parts of the Old World, but also well represented in North America, esj.ecially 
 in the Pacific region. Although the members of this genus present considerable 
 diversity of habit and floral characters, yet the greater part of the species do not 
 fall into well marked groups, and the elaborate subdivision of the genus suggested 
 by Rohrbaeh cannot be satisfactorily carried out among our American phmts. 
 Many species, together with several nearly related members of Lt/rhnis. luive 
 been by many foreign writers transferred to MiUmdrium, Riihl. (Deutsi-h. Fl. 
 ed. 2, ii.'274 ; Melandnjum, Reichenb. Fl. Germ. Ex.S24). While a natural group 
 is thus formed, it is so poorly circumscribed by technical characters as to W 
 almost useless in classification. The i)artial septation of the cajisule, usu:»lly 
 adduced as the strongest character for the division of Sllnie and Mtlnmiriuw, is 
 wholly untrustworthy in American species. Thus ^". Virf/inira, gt-nendly n- 
 ferred by continental authors to Meloinirium, often shows the p:irtial 8epl;iti«>n of 
 a Silene, while .S. muhinervia. a good Silene by habit and iifhiiity to others of 
 the § Conoimorp/ia, has often no trace of septation. The numlH-r of carpels, the 
 sole technical distinction between this and the next g.-nus, is in some cases unfor- 
 tunately variable. Specimens with 4 or 5 carpels have been noted e«iK'cially in 
 
214 CARYOPIIYLLACE.E. Silene. 
 
 the following species of western range : S. HalUi, S. Douglasii, S. pectinata, and 
 S. Wat son L 
 
 § 1. ConoLmokpha, Otth, I.e. 371. Calyx conspicuously 18-60-costate; the 
 ribs about equally prominent. — Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 578. Conosilene, Fourr. 
 Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. ser. xvi. 344. § Conosilene, Rohrb. 1. c. 89; subg. 
 Williams, Jour. Bot. xxxii. 13. — Annuals, all of the Mediterranean region but 
 the following problematic Californian species. 
 
 S. multinervia, Watsox. Erect, a foot liigh, pubescent throughout and somewhat viscid- 
 glandular ahove : leaves narrowly oblong or linear, acute : inflorescence cyniose with uneiiual 
 branches: calyx ovate in fruit, contracted above, 5 lines long, 18-2;3-ribbed : petals small, 
 purplish, unappendaged, not exceeding the subulate spreading calyx-teeth : capsule narrowly 
 ovate; partial septa at the base commonly obscure or wanting. — Proc. Am. Acad. xxv. 
 126; Brandegee, Zoe, i. 13.3, ii. 121. S. Conoidea, Brandegee, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, 
 i. 202, & Zoeti. 113 ; Davidson, Erythea, i. 58; not L. — Western California near the coast 
 from Tanialjjais near San Franci.'^co, A'. Bntmkgee, to Jamuel, San Diego Co., Orcutt. Al.«o 
 on the Island of Santa Cruz, Brandegee. This species has recently s])read rapidly tlirough 
 Southern and Central California, as though an introduced plant, but cannot he identified as 
 vet with any foreign member of this small and well marked section of the genus. 
 § 2. BEHENiNTHA, Ottli, 1. c. 367. Calyx ovoid to globular, vesicular-inflated 
 and somewhat contracted at the orifice, obscurely 15-20-veined, the veins con- 
 nected throughout their whole extent by anastomosing veinlets. — Behen, Mcench, 
 Meth. 709. Subg. Behen, Rohrb. 1. c. 77. Subg. Gastrosikne, Williams, 1. c — 
 Perennials of the Old World; the following extensively naturalized in America. 
 
 S. CrcuBALUs, Wibel. (Bladder Campion.) Glaucous : stems ascending, a foot or more 
 in height, leafy below, smooth or somewhat rough-pubescent : leaves opposite, usually 
 lanceolate, acute : bracts much smaller : flowers polygamo-dicecious, sometimes a little 
 zygomorphous through the reflexing of the upper petals and declining of the stamens : calyx 
 campauulate to subglobose, strongly inflated, glabrous, finely reticulated between the incon- 
 spicuous nerves : petals narrow, 2-cleft, scarcely crowned, white or i)ink. — Prim. Fl. Werth. 
 241 ; Rohrb. 1. c. 84 ; Wats. & Coulter in Gray, Man. ed. 6, 84. S. infata. Smith, Fl. Brit, 
 ii. 467; Gray, Man. ed. 5, 89; Warming, Bot. Foren. Festskr. 1890, 258. S. vulrjuris, 
 Garcke, Fl. beutsch. ed. 9, 64. Cucubalus Behen, L. Spec. i. 414. Behen vulgaris, Mcrnch, 
 1. c. — Fields and roadsides, Xew Brunswick to Brit. Columbia (ace. to J. M. Macoun), 
 Washington State, Piper, and southward to Tennessee, Scribner ; common, especially east- 
 ward. (Nat. from Eu.) 
 § 3. EusiLENE, Godr. Calyx campanulate to cylindrical or clavate, definitely 
 
 10-nerved (obscurely so in S. campanulata) ; anastomosing veinlets often present. 
 
 — Mem. Soc. Sci. Nancy, 1846, 414. Silene proper and Melandryum in part, 
 
 of European authors. 
 
 * Annuals or biennials, mostly introduced. 
 ■^— Inflorescence simply racemose, or subspicate ; pedicels solitary. 
 
 S. GAllica, L. Stem hirsute with white jointed hairs: leaves spatulate, obtuse, mucronate, 
 hirsute-pubescent on both sides, 8 to 18 lines in length : racemes terminal, one-sided, 2 to 4 
 inches long: flowers more or less pedicellate : calyx villous-hirsute, slender and subcylindric 
 in anthesis, l)ecoming in fruit broadly ovoid, with contracted orifice and short narrow spread- 
 ing teeth : petals usually little exceeding the calyx ; blades obovatc, somewhat bifid, 
 toothed or entire. — Spec. i. 417; Cham. & Schlecht. Linnsea, i. 40; Polirl). I.e. 9G. S. 
 Angh'ra, L. 1. c. 416. — Apparently of European origin, but now cosmopolitan; locally com- 
 mon on the Pacific Slope from Brit. Columbia to Lower Calif. ; not infrequent in cultivated 
 fields in the Atlantic States ; fl. April to July. The typical form has very short ascending 
 
Silene. CAUYol'II VI.I.ACK.i:. 215 
 
 pedicels and white or pink flowerH. S. Lusitanica , L. 1. c, a form with the lower iH'diccIa 
 eloiig:itt'd (e(|ii!illiii<? or exceeding the calvx) and heconiing iiorizontal in fruit, han In-en 
 foiiiKl at Jolun, Calif., Ihandfijie. (Nat. fr«»in Ku.) 
 
 Var. gi ixyi EviLXKKA, Kodi. IVtal.s nmre showy, suhentire, deep crimen with a 
 white or j)ink border. — Synop. Fl. (Jerni. & llelv. loo. :>. iiuini/uevulnera, L. 1. c. — With 
 the typical form. (Adv. from Eu.) 
 
 ■♦— -I— Inflorescence dichotoinously nu-enio.so. 
 S. I'iciioTOMA, Elirh. Tall, more or less hirsute and vi.scid : root annual or hiennial ; leaven 
 lanceolate or ohlaiieeolate : flowers sln(rt-jiedicclle(l or suh.xessile, lar;i;er tlian in the preo-d- 
 ing, half inch in diameter, often nodding in authesis, but becoming ereit in fruit : |m-u1h 
 wliite or roseate; blades obovate, more or less deeply hitid : calyx cylindric in anthesis, 
 becoming ovate in fruit, the prominent green nerves strictly siniple, hirsute, — lieitr. vii. 
 143; Heichenb. I.e. vi. t. 280. — Recently and extensively introduced in New Englan<I, 
 where it is becoming a noxious weed in clover ami grain fields; al.so ha-ally establisiied in 
 other parts of the country; Texas, Xealley ; Herktley, Calif., (Inme; H. .June, Julv. 
 (Introd. from S. Eu. and W. Asia.) Var. rack.mosa, Hohrb. 1. c. D.'i (S. ninmosa, Otth, I.e. 
 384; Boiss. El. Orient, i. 589) is a form or variety, which hius been vaguely separated n|Miu 
 various combinations of inconstant ciiaractcrs (chieliy the more spreading branches and 
 deeply cleft petals), but it scarcely occurs in America cxcei)t on l)alla.st (Philadelphia, 
 Martindale). 
 
 -»— +- H— Inriore-scence cymose or paniculate, not distinctly racemose. 
 ++ Viscid-pubescent or hirsute. 
 S. NOCTIFLORA, L. A coarse species a foot or two in height : leaves Iance<date or ovate- 
 lauceolate, 2 to 3 inches long: flowers usually few in loose cymes, fragrant: calyx large, in 
 fruit ovoid, wiiite with green nerves tending to anastomose ; the teeth attenuate : petals liifid. 
 — Spec. i. 419; Eng. Bot. t. 291 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 192; Wats. & Coulter in (Jray. Man 
 ed. 6, 83. — Roadsides and cultivated grounds; fl. June to September. (Nat. from Eu.) 
 
 ++ ++ Smooth or nearly .so, a part of each of the upper internodes glutinous. 
 S. antirrhina, L. 1. c. (Si.eei'Y or Snapdragon Catchflv.) Stem 6 inches to 3 feet in 
 heigiit : leaves oblong-lanceolate or linear, commonly acute : flowers rather niimeroiut, small, 
 ephemeral, borne in a compound cyme; pedicels long, filiform: calyx smooth, green, ovoid 
 in fruit, about 4 lines long, contracted above ; the teeth short : ovary scarcely stijRMl : jM-tals 
 .small, pink or white, more or less emarginate or bifid. — ( )tth, 1. c. 376 ; Torr. & (Jray, Fl. i. 
 191 ; Rohrb. 1. c. 173 ; Mart. Fl. Bras. xiv. pt. 2, t. 66. Siii><,u<iii<i dioini, Cham. & Schlecht. 
 Linnffia, i. 38. Ehraris rin/atii, Raf. Autikon Bot. 29. — Waste places, common, widely 
 distributed throughout the United States and Canada (aho S. Am.) ; very variable in si/.e 
 and foliage. 
 
 Var. linaria. Wood. "Very slender; leaves all linear exce])t the lowest, which are 
 linear-.'jpatulatc; calyx glol)ular. Ga. and Fla." — Class-Book, ed. of 1861, 256, &. Bot. & 
 Fl. 5;?; Wats. Bibl. In.lex, 107. 
 
 Var. divaricata, RoniNSON. Very .«lender: leaves linear or lance-linear: braiiche.s 
 filiform, divaricate: calyx ovoid, 2 to 2* lines long: petals wanting. — Troo. Am. Acad, 
 xxviii. 132. — Waltliam, Mass., Buott ; Rockf<ird, III., BelAi, Swezey. A very similar apt^talous 
 form has been collected at Ilartville, Wyoming, Nelson. 
 
 S. Armkria, L. 1. c. 420. Leaves elliptic or ov.ateelliptic : flowers borne at the ends of the 
 branches in small close cymes : pedicels short : calyx slender, davate, 6 to s lines long: ovary 
 long-stiped: petals pink, subentire or minutely toothed; apiieufiages lanceolate, .icute. — 
 Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 194; Reichenb. 1. c. t. 284. — Occasion.ally found on roadsides and iu 
 fields, having escaped from gardens. (Introtl. from Eu.) 
 
 ♦ * Perennial, subacaule.scent, very low and densely mattod. 
 S. acaulis, E. (Moss Campion.) Clo.sely cespitose. an inch or two in height : leavct lin- 
 ear, crowded on the branching rootstocks : flowers small, 2 to 3 lines in diameter. !-ub>c!v«ilo 
 or raised on nak<'d curved peduncles (2 to 6 lines lonij) : calyx narrowly cninpannlaie. 2 i<> 
 3 lines long, glabrous; the teeth short, rounded : petals purplish, rarely white, entire, n-lui*© 
 
21(3 CARyornYLLACE.E. Silene. 
 
 or bifid, minutely appendaged. — Spec. ed. 2, i. 603 ; Reichenb. 1. c. t. 270. Cucubalus acau- 
 lls,l.. Spec. i. 415. Lifchnis acaulis, Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2, i. 306. — An arctic and high 
 alpine species, widely distributed and somewhat variable ; Arctic America to the White 
 Mts. • extending along the Rocky Mts. from Alaska to Arizona ; also found in the Cascade 
 Mts.' (Eu., Asia.) A somewhat caulescent form, with very slender elongated leaves 1 to 
 H inches in length, lias been found in the Rocky Mts. of Colorado, //((// & Ilurhonr, Miss 
 Eastwood, and Arizona, Rothrock. It is connected, however, with the typical form by 
 gradual transitions. 
 
 * * * Caulescent perennials. 
 
 ^- Species of the Atlantic and Gulf States and of the Mississippi Valley. 
 
 ++ Calyx inflated, flowers white or pink, scattered or panided. 
 
 S nivea Muhl. Stem smooth or minutely pubescent above, 1 1 to 3 feet in height : leaves 
 
 * opposite' lanceolate, attenuate-acuminate, smooth or pulverulent-pubescent : flowers rather 
 
 few, nodding, borne in the forks of the branches : bracts foliar : calyx oblong in anthesis, 
 
 finely pubescent or smooth ; nerves inconspicuous, anastomosing, the teeth short, triangular, 
 
 obtuse : petals cuneate-obovate, bearing two short blunt appendages. — Muhl. ace. to Nutt. 
 
 Gen. i. 287, where first descr. (Nutt. evidently miscoj)ying the name S. alba of Muhl.) ; Otth, 
 
 1. c. 377 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 190 ; Rohrb. 1. c. 87. S. alba, Muhl. Cat. 45 {nomen subnudum). 
 
 Cucubalus niceus, Nutt. Gen. i. 287. — Pennsylvania and Washington, 1). C, and mountains 
 
 of E. Tennessee (ace. to Chapman), to S. Illinois, Iowa, and Minnesota; rather local but 
 
 not rare. Some si)ecimens have been discovered also at Grono, Maine, by Prof. F. L. IJar- 
 
 veij, who regards the species as indigenous at this extra-limital station. 
 
 S Stellata, Ait. f. (Starry Campion.) Stems 2 to 3 feet high: leaves in whorls of 4 
 
 ' (the uppermost and lowest sometimes opposite), ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 2 to 3 inches 
 
 long, half as broad : flowers in an open panicle : calyx campanulate, 4 to 5 lines in length ; 
 
 the teeth broad, acuminate: petals laciniately cleft, uuappendaged. — [Dryander ? in] Ait. 
 
 f Kew. ed. 2, iii. 84; Torr. Fl. N. Y. i. 100, t. 16; Meehan, Native Flowers, ser. l,ii. 45, 
 
 t. 12. Cucubalus stellatus, L. Spec. i. 414; Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1107. — Woodland, frequent, 
 
 E. Massachusetts to Minnesota and Nebraska, Ha>iden, Clements, southward to Georgia, 
 
 Small, and Texas. 
 
 ++ ++ Calyx not inflated, distended only by the enlarging capsule. 
 = Flowers white or rose-colored. 
 S. OVata, PuRSH. Pubescent or smooth : stems several from the same root, 2 to 4 feet in 
 'height: 'leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, attenuate- acuminate, 3-5-nerved from tlie rounded 
 ba.se, sessile, subconnate, 3 to 5 inches long: flowers borne in a narrow terminal leafless 
 panicle: calyx tubular, 3 to 4 lines in length, 10-nerved: petals wliite, blades dichoto- 
 mously cleft" into linear segments. — Fl. i. 316; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 190; Cliapm. Fl. 51. 
 ? Cucubalus polj/petalus, Walt. Car. 141. — Alluvial woods, uplands. North Carolina to Geor- 
 gia and Alabama. 
 S. Baldwinii, Nutt. Villous : stems low, weak, decumbent, throwing out runners : lower 
 'leaves spatula'te, obtuse, with attenuate bases; the upper oblanceolate or lanceolate, acute : 
 flowers few, very large, 1^ inches or more in diameter, pedicellate, aggregated at the ends 
 of the stems: calvx clavate, pubescent, 10 lines in length; the teeth ovate-Uvnceolate, acu- 
 minate : petals wliite or pink ; the large obovate blades fringed, uuappendaged : capsule 
 aseptate. — Gen. i. 288; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 193; Chapm. Fl. 51. S.fmbrlata, Baldw. m 
 Ell. Sk. i. 515, not of Sims. Melandrnum Baldwini, Rohrb. 1. c. 231 ; Wats. Bot. King Exp. 
 431. — Georgia and Florida; fl. March to May. 
 
 S. NtJTANS, L., a slender European species with narrow leaves chiefly clustered near tlie 
 base, and white or rose-colored flowers nodding in a narrow panicle, has been found more or 
 less established on Mt. Desert Isl., Maine, Miss Minot, and has been collected at Arrocliar, 
 Richmond Co., N. Y., by W. C. Kerr (Bull. Torr. Club, xxii. 460). 
 
 S. Pennsylvanica, Mkhx. ( Wi m. Pink.) Viscid-pubescent : .stems few or many, 6 to 9 
 inches hi^h, from a .strong tap-root: leaves mostly at tbe ba.se, spatulate or oblanceolate. 
 usually aciuish at tbe apex, tapering below to long ciliated petioles; the two or three pairs 
 
Siletie. CAKVOrilVLLACK.K. 217 
 
 of caulinc leaves niiirh shorter, l.iiicculate or narrowly ol)loiig, acute: cvmes Kiiiall, tfriniual, 
 dense, rarely more (.pen: calyx clavatc, imrpli.-li ; tin- teeth HJiort : peliil.s n>m'-i«»l«irc<l or 
 wliite, appcndagcd ; lilades ohovate, erose, 4 to G lines in lenj^th : ovary long-stijjed. — 
 ¥1. i. '21-2 ] Lindl. Hot. Hejjj. t. 247; Hook. Fl. IJor.-Ani. i. 'JO; tjruy, Gen. Jll. ii. 42, t. 115. 
 S. cheimnt/iouics, I'oir. Diet. vii. 176. ^'. incarnaln, Lodd. Hot. Cab. t. 41. .S". jilat yjtttnld , 
 Otth in DC. I'rodr. i. .383. Mitamlrijuin /'eniisi/lraiiicum, Hidirli. 1 c. 2']3, & Linntea, xxxvi. 
 231. 6'. Carol inianti, Walt. Car. 142, with scarlet or crimson j»etiil.s, and N. ruliicundn, Dietr. 
 Allg. (iartenzeit. iii. 196, with divided petals, are prohal.le syuonyniH. Dr. Hritton main- 
 tains (Hull. Torr. Club, xviii. 268) that the former species, whidi antedates that of 
 Michaux, was founded ui)on a plant in herli. Walter lalx-lled " Sihm an I'm/iuica." 
 Walter's species, however, as the description shows, was h;u<ed upon two soniewiiat differinjy 
 plants, ami there is uo jiroof from the lalielling th;it tiie plant in ipiestion represents eitlier 
 of tiiem. — Open rocky woods, K. New Kngland to S. Carolina and Kentuckv ; fl. April, 
 May. Flowers with 5 carpels are occasionally found (ace. to J. Schreuk) as in some other 
 species of the genus. 
 
 = = Flowers crimson or scarlet, large. 
 a. Petals 2-4-toothed. 
 S. Virginica, L. (Fire Pink, Catchfly.) Viscid-pubescent: stem striate, single, simple, 
 1 to 2 feet high : leaves s])atulate or oblanceolate ; the lower ones narrowed to ciliate- 
 fringed petioles; the upper lanceolate, .sessile: flowers very large, an inch or more in 
 diameter, loosely cymose, commonly nodding or reflexed after anthesis: calvx clavatc or 
 oblong, 8 lines in length, becoming obovate in fruit : petals crimson ; blades broadly 
 lanceolate, 2 ( rarely 4)toothed at the apex. — Spec. i. 419, in part, not Willd. ; Hook. Hot. 
 Mag. t. 3342; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 192 ; Chapm. Fl. 51 ; Meehan, 1. c. 17, t. 5. 6'. Cattslxti, 
 Walt. Car. 142. S.coccinea, Mcench, Meth. Suppl. 306. — Common in open woods, on rocky 
 hills, W. New York, S. W. Ontario (ace. to Macoun) to Minnesota (ace. to Upham), south- 
 ward to Georgia and Arkansas. 
 
 S. rotundifolia, Nitt. (Round-leaved Catchfly.) Viscid-pubescent: stems weak, 
 decumbent, branched: leaves rather large, varying from broadly lanceolate to subrotund, 
 rather abruptly pointed ; 'the lower ones contracted at the base to winged petioles: flowers 
 large, showy, scattered or in loose cymes : calyx tubular, 10 to 13 lines in length, abrupt at 
 the base, becoming clavate but not ol)ovate in fruit : petals liright scarlet ; blades 8 lines 
 in length, deeply bifid ; lobes more or less toothed : seeds smaller, smoother, and d.lrker 
 colored than in the preceding — lien. i. 288; Otth, 1. c. 383; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 192. 
 Melandri/inn rotundlfolium, Hohrb. Monogr. Sil. 234, & Linna-a, xxxvi. 257 ; Wats. Hot. 
 King Kxp. 431. — S. Ohio (al)undant at Ash Cave, Hocking Co., ace. to Selby), Kentucky, 
 Tennessee, and (ace. to Chapman) Alabama; rather local ; fl. June to August. 
 b. Petals entire or nearly so. 
 
 S. regia, f^ms. (Royal CATniFLV.) Viscid-glandular above, finely pulvernlent-pul)e.scent 
 I)flo\v : stems tall, erect, rather rigid, simple or sparingly br:uiched, leafy: leaves ovate, 
 acuminate, 3- 7-nerved from the rounded sessile base; tlie lowest more or less contnicted 
 below: flowers showy, in a narrow oblong panicle: calyx cylindrical, 10 to 12 lines long, 
 becoming somewhat spindle-shapeil in fruit: petals spatulate-lanceolate, subentire, scarlet. 
 — Bot. Mag. t. 1724; Sweet, Hrit. Fl. Gard, n. ser. t. 313 ; Torr. & Gray. Fl. i. 193. .S. Vir- 
 (finica, form, Michx. F'l. i. 272. " S. Illinocnsis (Mx.)," Kellerman. (Jeol. Oliio, vii. pt. 2, 
 178, careless .synonym, as Michaux employs the word Illimfiisis merely in giving the distri- 
 bution. Melnnflri/inn ri(jiiim, A. Br. Flora. 1843, 372. M. Illiiuifnsf, Hohrl). Linnaa. xxxvi. 
 250. — Prairie-s, Ohio to Georgia (aic. to Chapman) ami westward to Missouri, Arkansaa, 
 and N. W. Indian Terr., Dliiidhm/ii/i ; fl. June to August. 
 
 S. subciliata, Rohinson. Stem strict, erect, glabrous: lenve.s narrowly linear-oblong, 
 sliglitly tlcsliy, glabrous on the surfaces but sparingly cili;»ted on the margin. Ij to 2 inchoM 
 long, obtn.sely pointed with callous tips anil narrowed below to short winged and ciliati-d 
 petioles: inflorescence slender, elongated, racemiform; the lower flowers distant: cal\x 
 glabrous, cylindric, 10 lines in length : petals witli elliptic entin» olitiis** bl.-xdcs and lancool.-jio 
 entire appcnd.iges. — Pror. Am. Acad. xxix. 327. — " Texas and Louisiana," HV»<//i/. A 
 distinct species, but never reiliscovered and iience poorly known. 
 
218 CARYOPHYLLACE.E. Silene. 
 
 H— H— Rocky Mountain and Pacific species. 
 ++ Flowers large, rather few, scattered: calyx cylindrical or clavate in anthcsis, 8 to 12 
 
 lines long: corolla (except in S. Pcirishii) usually more tliau 10 lines in breadth; petals 
 
 4-oc -cleft, very rarely bifid: stems leafy. 
 
 = Corolla deep red. 
 S. laciniata, Cw. Finely pubescent : root narrowly fusiform : stems erect or decumbent, 
 somewhat rigid, knotty below; the branches ascending: leaves lanceolate to narrowly 
 linear, scabrous, ciliolate, narrowed to a sessile base: fiowers terminal on the branches: 
 calvx subcylindric or clavate even in fruit, 10 lines in length : petals bright scarlet, 4-cleft 
 or very rarely bifid : capsule essentially oblong, scarcely at all ovate, commonly exserted at 
 maturity. — Ic. vi. 44, t. .564; Lindl. Bot. Keg. t. 1444; Gray, VI Wright, ii. 17; Wats. 
 Proc. Am. Acad. x. 341. 6\ pulchra, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 675, in part. .S'. speciosa, Paxt. 
 Ma"-. Bot. X. 219. S. simulans, Greene, Pittonia, i. 63. Li/cliitis pulchm, Cham. & Schlecht. 
 Liunaa, v. 234. — Central California to New Mexico. (Mex., Lower Calif.) 
 
 Var. Greggii, Watson. Leaves oblong-lanceolate to ovate, otherwise not differing 
 essentially fmm the type. — Proc. Am. Acad. x. 341, & Bibl. Index, 108. 6". Gre(/<jii, Gray, 
 PI. Wrigiit. ii. 17. Melandri/um lacinkttum, var. Greggii, Rohrb. Monogr. Sil. 232. M. Greggii, 
 Rohrb. Linna^a, xxxvi. 2.56. — W. Texas, Nealleg (ace. to Coulter) ; New Mexico, Wriyld, 
 Thnrber, Matthews; Arizona, Buckmiuster, Lemmon. (Mex., Gregg.) 
 S. Californica, Dcrand. Root simple, strong, penetrating vertically to a depth of 2 to 3 
 feet : stems several, procumbent or suberect, leafy : leaves lanceolate or ovate-elliptic, more 
 or less narrowed to the base, acumiiiate, rarely obtusish : corolla more than an inch broad ; 
 petals variously cleft, most commonly with two broad lobes flanked by two narrower ones: 
 capsule ovoid, concealed until dehiscence by the rather broad calyx. — PI. Pratt. 83; Brew. 
 & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 64. S. pulchra, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 675, in part. S. Virginica, Benth. 
 PI. Hartw. 299. «S. laciniata, var. Californica, Gray, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vii. 146 ; 
 Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. x. 341. 6\ Tilingi, Regel, Act. Hort. Petrop. i. 99. Melandrgum 
 CaHfornicum, Rohrb. Linnaa, xxxvi. 252. — Coast Mts. of Currie Co., Oregon, Howell, 
 southward through N. and Central California to Ft. Tejou, Xanthns, and perhaps farther. 
 Sul)ject to much variation in foliage, the following being perhaps the best marked of tlie 
 varieties. 
 
 Var. SUbcordata, Robinson. Leaves ovate, suborbicular, shortly acuminate, closely 
 sessile by subcordate bases. — Proc. Am. Acad, xxviii. 136. — Blue Canon, Placer Co., 
 Calif., Kellogg, Brandegee. 
 
 = = Corolla white or roseate, much exserted : seed-coat more or less roughened but firm. 
 S. Wrightii, Gray. Very glutinous : rootstock thick, ligneous : stems several, ascending, 
 a foot or more in length, branching, leafy : leaves lanceolate, acuminate, 1| to 2 inches long, 
 sessile ; the lower attenuate below : calyx-teeth filiform-attenuate, nearly half as long as 
 the tube : petals white, 4-cleft ; the lol)es somewhat toothed : capsule on a stipe of nearly 
 its own length. — PI. Wright, ii. 17; Wats. Bibl. Index, 110. Melandri/um Wrightii, Rohrb. 
 Linnjea, xxxvi. 253; Wats. Bot. King Exp. 431. — Mountain sides near the copper mines. 
 New Mexico, Wright (no. 862). 
 S. Hookeri, Nutt. Covered above with a fine grayish pubescence : root single, stout : 
 stems several, short, slender, decumbent : leaves oblanceolate, rather numerous and approxi- 
 mate, 2 to 3 inches in length, acute or obtusish : flowers very large : calyx-teeth acute, but 
 not filiform: petals 4-cleft, white or pink. — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 193; Hook. f. 
 Bot. Mag. t. 6051 ; Fl. Serres, t. 2093 ; Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. x. 341 ; Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 
 S. BoUxnderi, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. vii. 330, viii. 378; Bolander, Cat. 6. Melandrjpim 
 Hookeri & M. Bolanderi, Rohrb. 1. c; Wats. Bot. King Exp. 431. — Woodlands, W. 
 Oregon and N. W. California ; fl. June, July. 
 
 == = == Corolla white or nearly so, scarcely exserted : seed-coat vcsicularly roughened 
 
 or crested. 
 
 S. Parishii, Watson. Somewhat grayish-pubescent or green: root simple, thick, with a 
 
 branching rootstock: stems .several, decumbent, a span long: leaves lanceolate, acuminate, 
 
 sessile, 1 to 2 inches long ; the lower oblanceolate : flowers aggregated at the ends of the 
 
Silene. C'A It Vol'l I VI.LACK.E. 219 
 
 liruiK lies: talyx tubular, narrowed below, an iucb long, with narrow suliulate teeth (.'{ to 4 
 lines in length) : ])elals narrow, siarccly exserted fronj the ealyx, <left into 4 or nmro 
 filiform segments: seeds doubh- crested with short vesieular hairs. — I'roi-. Am. Aead. x\ii. 
 366. — San Bernardino Mts., Ciilif., I'arish Bros.; also uu drv summit uf 'I'anwilz Uidgc, 
 San Jaeinto Mts , //. .1/. Hall; fl. August. 
 
 ++ ++ Flowers smaller, not ordinarily exceeding 6 or 8 lines in diameter. 
 = Flowers bcniie in the forks of the branches and forming a leafy inflorescence: calvx 
 
 oblong or caini)annlato : leaves lanceolate to orl)icular. 
 S. campantllata, W.\tsox. Finely glandular-puliescent : root thick, simple : nK.tstmk 
 i)ran(hing, somewhat woody : stems slender, erect, leafy : leaves se.ssile, lanceolate : flowen* 
 on short detlexed peduncles: calyx green, broadly campanulate, reticnlate-veined, t(Mjihed 
 nearly to the middle: pet;ils narrow ; the limb cleft into 4 or more flesh-colored segments* : 
 capsule globular, 3 to 4 lines in diameter. — I'roc. Am. Aca<l. x. 341 ; Hrew. &. Wats. 1. c 63. 
 — Mountainous districts of N. California and S. Oregon. 
 
 Var. Greenei, Watson. More pubescent throughout : leaves ovate : petals greenish 
 white. — Wats, in Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad, xxviii. 137. — California, S'reka, Urtfur, 
 'Jrinity Co., Bimikinshlf) ; Oregon, Canonville and Wolf Creek, Iloutll Bros., Ashland, 
 Henderson. Apparently the cummonest form. 
 
 Var. orbiculata, Kouinson, n. var. Tomentulose : leaves shorter, rotund in general 
 outline, half inch in diameter, with a very short acuminate tip, broadly cordate and amplexi- 
 caul at the base. — l^levated ledges above Iletteu Chow, Trinity Co., Calif., Blankinship, 
 2:i June, 1893. 
 S. Menziesii, Hook. Finely glandular-pubescent: stems weak, leafy, dichotonion.'ilv 
 branched above, 6 inches to a foot or more in height: leaves ovate-lanceidate, acuminate at 
 each end, thin: flowers very small for the genus: calyx obconical, olxtvate, or obl.nig, onlv 
 2^ to 4 lines in length : petals w bite, 2-cleft, commoidy but not always unajijiemlaged : 
 cajisule \\ to 2 lines in diameter. — F'l. Bor.-Am. i. 90, t. 30; Torr. & Cray, Fl. i. 193, 676; 
 Kohrb. Monogr. Sil. 147. 5. steltarioides, Nutt. in 'I'orr. & Gray, 1. c. 193. N. Durrii, 
 Kellogg, I'roc. Calif. Acad. Sci. iii. 44, f. 12. — From S. Missouri, Blankinship, Xebriska, 
 Williams, to Assiuiboia, and westward and suuthwestward to Vancouver Isl., S. California, 
 and New Mexico. 
 
 = = I'lowers few, rather small, white or nearly so, nodding, borne in a lax naked panicle : 
 petals cleft into four or more narrowly linear almost filiform segments: styles long- 
 exserted : leaves small, lanceolate, chiefly clustered upon the more or le.ss cesjiitoiJc \<;isc. 
 S. Lemmoni, Watson. Smoothish and green or more or less hoary-pulicrulent, finely 
 glandular and viscid aliove : root single ; rootstock considerably branched: stems slender. 6 
 to 14 inches high, bearing 3 to 6 loosely paniculate or subracemose flowers: leaves oblance- 
 olate to linear-oblong, acute : calyx in fruit obovoid, more or less narrowed below ; nerves 
 green, those of the short ovate lanceolate teeth rather broad : j)etals with spatulate jinbc.s- 
 cent claws; blades divided into 4 linear filiform segments; ajtjtendiiges linear, entire: 
 seeds reddish or ashy. — Proc. Am. Acad. x. 342; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. G4. ^■. 
 Palineri, Wats. 1. c. xi. 124; Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 6.5, an in<ii.stinguishable form of S. Calif. 
 S. longisti/lis, F'ngelm. in Wats. 1. c. xxii. 469, merely a narrow-leaved and somewhat fniws- 
 cent form of the north. — Mountainou.>* regions from Ashland Butte, S. Oregon, througlniut 
 California to Cui:imaca Mts., San Diego Co., Palmer; fl. May to July. The time .vpecies 
 here united are now known from fairly copious intergrading material which leaves no 
 doubt that the supi>osed specific differences are of a trivial and inconstant nature. 
 
 == = == Inflorescence as in the preceding: petals 2-cleft into linear .segments: stxles wry 
 long, the exserted ])ortion as long as the calyx. 
 S. Bridgesii, Kohrb. Pube.scent and vi.scid : stems leafy, usually simjile up to tlie infl.ins. 
 cence, a foot or more in height : leaves se.«sile, lanceulate. acute, 1 \ to 2 inches long : flowers 
 slender-pedicelled. verticillately racemo.se or .somewhat paniculate, nodding: calyx narn.wly 
 oblong or clavate in anthesis, broadly olnnate in fruit : the teeth acute; the pnnripnl nerve.-* 
 broad, green; the commissural much narrower. seMom anastomosing with the others: 
 petals half to three fourths inch long, considerably e.xserted, wliiu> or purplish: uceds \crjf 
 
220 CARYOPHYLLACE.E. Silene. 
 
 large, finely tiiberculate, red. — App. Ind. Sem. Berol. 1867, 5, & Monogr. Sil. 204; Wats. 
 Proc. Am. Acad. x. 342 ; Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 66. S. incompta. Gray, rruc. Am. Acad. vii. 
 330 [S. Enrjelmannl, Kohrb. Linusea, xxxvi. 264), is a form of the same species, differing 
 from the type only iu the somewhat broader lobes of the petals and in the obtuse appen- 
 dages. — California, Yosemite Valley, Brid(j(s, Gray; Mt. Bullion, Bolander ; Danah, Cong- 
 don. A closely similar if not identical plant has been found by Rattan on the Klamath River. 
 
 == = = = Flowers scattered, or variously paniculate (in S. wontana, var. ri(jidnla, aud 
 sometimes in 5. repens, denser and subspicate or thyrsoid) : styles included or somewhat 
 exserted, but not so long as in the preceding. 
 
 a. Fruiting calyx ovate, not contracted below, filled and distended by the subsessile 
 capsule. 
 
 S. Thurberi, Watson. Densely grayish-pubescent and glandular : stems erect, 2 feet high, 
 somewhat rigid, with ascending branches : leaves lanceolate, acute, contracted below, sessile, 
 2 to 4 inches long: flowers small, ratlver numerous: calyx cylindric becoming narrowly 
 ovate, green and white striped, densely pubescent; tiie teeth slender with fimbriate-laciniate 
 margin : petals white, little exceeding the calyx ; claws rather broad with upwardly pro- 
 duced auricles ; blades bifid with short oblong lobes, each with a small lateral tooth ; ap- 
 pendages oblong, obtuse : capsule narrowly ovoid, scarcely stiped ; seeds tuberculate and 
 distinctly crested. — Proc. Am. Acad. x. 343. S. plicata, Wats. 1. c. xvii. 366. — Near 
 Janos, S. W. New Mexico, Thurher ; peak south of Rucker Valley, Arizona, Leintnon. (Chi- 
 huahua, Pringle, H art man ; Sonora, Hartman.) 
 
 S. pectinata, Watson. Stems several, erect, 1| to 2^ feet high: leaves lanceolate or 
 oblauceolate, acute or acuminate ; the lower long, tapering into winged petioles ; the upper 
 more or less reduced : flowers purplish rose-colored, 6 to 8 lines broad : calyx becoming 
 ovate in fruit : the teeth lance-linear to filiform, elongated, usually exceeding the mature 
 capsule : petals with narrow claws destitute of auricles ; blades obovate, bifid ; lobes 
 rounded; appendages lanceolate, entire : capsule large, ovate. — Proc. Am. Acad. x. 344; 
 Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 65. — Plumas Co., Calif., Mrs. Awes, Sierra Co., Lemmon; 
 Carson City, Nev., Anderson. The typical form is very viscid-glandular and somewhat 
 branched. 
 
 Var. subnuda, Robinson. Scarcely vi.scid : stems subsimple : radical leaves almost 
 smooth, the cauline much redvxced. — Proc. Am. Acad, xxviii. 140. Li/chnis nuda, Wats. 
 Bot. King Exp. 37, & Proc. Am. Acad. xii. 248, is with scarcely a doubt merely a 5-carpelled 
 form from the Humboldt Mts., Watson. — Near Empire City and at Frauktown, Nev., 
 Jones. 
 
 b. Capsule distinctly stiped : calyx relatively narrow, cylindric or in fruit clavate or obovate 
 and usually rather distinctly contracted about the stipe of the capsule. 
 
 1. Petals 4(-x)-fid. 
 S. Oregana, Watson. Finely pubescent and very viscid, fetid : stems one or more, erect, 
 simple up to the racemiform or rather densely cymose-paniculate inflorescence : the lower 
 leaves oblanceolate, narrowed below to long petioles ; the upper leaves lanceolate or lance- 
 linear, sessile : petals white ; claws spatulate, glabrous, distinctly auricled at the summit ; 
 blades 2 to 3 lines long, variously cleft into 4 to 6 or more linear segments : stipe of the 
 ovoid capsule about 2 lines long. — Proc. Am. Acad. x. .343; Brew. & Wats. 1. c. — Moun- 
 tains of Oregon and Washington to Montana ; fl. April to August. 
 
 S. montana, Watson, 1. c. Finely pubescent: stems erect from a more or less decumbent 
 base, 4 to 14 inches high: leaves lance-linear or narrowly oblanceolate, acuminate, 1 to 2.V 
 inches in length; the cauline 3 to 4 pairs: inflorescence varying from subsjjicate to panicu- 
 late ; flowers rarely solitary : calyx 6 to 9 lines in length : petals greenish white to rose- 
 colored, exserted 2 to 4 lines : ovary long-stiped : capsule acutish. — Near Carson City, Nev., 
 Anderson ; Sierra Co., Calif., Lemmon. S. Shockleyi, Wats. 1. c. xxv. 127, from the White 
 Mts., Mono Co., Calif., is apparently only a high-mountain form of the same species. 
 
 Var. rigidula, Robinson, 1. c. Stems simple, a span high, slightly rigid : leaves short, 
 less than an inch in length, thickish and stiff: flowers white, subspicate. — Franktown, 
 Nev., Jones. 
 
Silene. CAKYOI'JIYLLACEJ:. 221 
 
 S. OCCidentalis, Watson. ViscidKlaiuluhir, 2 feet hifjii : Bteiris one or two from a ftiiijjle 
 strong root, hraiitlied above: k-avt-s hiiKL'tilaie or oMaiRLMilute, '> to :i iijilie« loii;^ : Huwers 
 ill a very loose open panicle: calyx elongatefi, cyliiidric, hecoiniiif,' davate in fruit: jietali* 
 I)urple, 4-cleft into lanceolate segments; hlades narrowed gradually into cunc-at^' ilawn, 
 tlie latter devoid of auricles; aj)]icndages linear: cajisule idilung, upmi a, «ii|K' 2 lines in 
 len<itli. — I'roc. Am. Acad. x. .'U.t ; Hrew. & Wats. I.e. C4. — < ':ilif..rnia, without special 
 locality, Boluiuhr : I'lunKis Co., L, mmun, Mrs. Austin; IJutte Co., Mis. liiilinll; Alpine 
 Co., Hansen ; Modoc Co., Baker. 
 
 2. Petals with a (.sometimes small hut) well marked hilid hhuic, each IoIk; sometimes beuring 
 a very small lateral tooth. 
 
 O Hlades nearly or qnitc a.s long as the glahrous claws. 
 
 S. repens, P.vtuiv. Finely and densely puherulent : stems .several from a branched and 
 cniiiini^ rootstock, leafy: leaves thinnish, lanceolate, attenuate both ways: intiore.Mcnco 
 ratlier dense, often thyrsoid, hut sometimes more loosely jianiculate : caly.\ ]iurplish, Tj or 6 
 lines in length: spreading limb of the rose-purple petals 2 or :i lines in length, with retu.so 
 or entire segments; appendages oblong, entire : carpophore very lujig, often equalling or 
 exceeding the fruit. — I'atrin in I'ers. Syn. i. .'iOO; Ledel). Ic. t. 42.'> ; K. Hnmdegee, Zee, 
 iv. 84. 5. purjturala, (Jreene, I'ittonia, ii. 22a. — Porcupine Kiver in the interior of N. 
 Alaska, Turner, S. Centr. Montana, Ri/dbcrff, Flodman. (N. Asia and Caucasus Mts.) 
 O O Blades much shorter than the claws; these pubescent below. 
 
 S. verecunda, Watson, 1. c. 344. Low, 6 to 18 inches in height, finely pubescent below, 
 glandular-viscid above : stems several, leafy especially near the base : leaves narrowly lan- 
 ceolate, oblanceolate, or spatulate, to linear, acute : Howers terminal on the short branches 
 of the inflorescence or borne in 3-flowered lateral cymes: calyx .«oon becoming davate or 
 obovate by the develo])nient of the broad ovoid cajisnle : calyx-teeth with membranons 
 ciliated margins: petals ro.se-colored ; claws glabrous, narrowly or more broadly aurided ; 
 blades 2-cleft into short entire or slightly toothed oblong segments ; appendages oblong or 
 lanceolate, blunt and often somewhat toothed at the apex. — Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 65. S. En- 
 gelmarini, var. Belirii, Hohrb. I^inna;a, xxxvi. 264. S. plati/ota, Wats. 1. c. xvii. 366, merely 
 a .slender form of southern range. S. Luisaiia, Wats. 1. c. xxiii. 261, narrow-leaved form 
 not satisfactorily se])aral)le from the tyy)e. — Central California from Mt. Diablo (ace. to 
 Greene) and near San Francisco (first coll. at Mission Dolores by Bolander) to San Luis 
 Obispo, J. G. & 5. A. Leinvion, and southward chiefly in the mountainous regions to the 
 Cuiamaca Mts., Palmer ; H. midsummer. (Lower Calif., Orcult.) This species has long 
 been regarded as local, yet patient .search has faileil to show satisfactory or constant charac- 
 ters to distinguish the type from the more southern forms here included, whicli greatly 
 extend its range. 
 
 S. Sargentii, Watson. Cespitose, minutely pubescent : stems numerous, slender, erect, 
 6 inches high : leaves linear or nearly so, inch or two long, a line or so in breadth ; the 
 radical crowded, covering the rootstock witli their slightly enlarged and imbricated ba.ses; 
 the cauline 2 to 3 pairs: calyx cylindrical, 7 lines long; teeth short : petals white or pink; 
 claws exserted, with broad laciinately cleft auricles; blades short, obovate, bifid ; segments 
 each bearing a small lateral tooth : cajjsule well stipcd, cylindrical, very slender, at maturity 
 scarcely more than a line in diameter: seeds tuberculate-crested. smooth on the faces. — 
 Proc. Am. Acad. xiv. 290. — Table Mountain, Monitor Range, N. Nevada, Sar<j<nt. Kuowu 
 from a single specimen only. 
 
 3. Petals with large spatulate claws; the almo.st obsolete blades consisting merely of two 
 very .short entire blunt or triangular teeth; appendages 4, very small and entire: viscid- 
 glandular species of Itiaho and Washington. 
 
 S. Spaldingrii, Watson. Vi.sciil-tomento.se: stems several, knotty, a foot high, very leafy; 
 branches appressed or a.scending: leaves lanceolate, sessile. 1^ to 2 inches long: flowers 
 subs|)ic.ite or ai)pre.s.sed cymose-panicnlate : calyx in fruit obconical, nion- herbaieons than 
 usual in the genus, net veined nearly to the base; teeth rather large, triangular lancfHilato, 
 acuti.sh: petals greenish white, not exceeding the calyx; daws bro.-jdly aurided; blade« 
 bifid, very short indeed, scarcely surpassing the four small ap|)enilages : capsule orate- 
 
222 CARYOPHYLLACE.E. Silene. 
 
 oblong, moderately stiped. — Proc. Am. Acad. x. 344. — On the Clear Water, Central Idaho, 
 Spalding; on the Ininaha, Union Co., Oregon, Cusick; fl. September, 
 c. Calyx broader, oblong, canipanulate or rarely obovate, rather loosely surrounding the 
 ovarv, sometimes narrowed downward but not distinctly contracted about the carpo- 
 phore. 
 
 1. Petals divided into 4 nearly equal segments: appendages fringe-tootlied. 
 
 S. Bernardina, Watson. Covered with a fine grayish pubescence below, finely glandular 
 above: caudex branching: stems several, slender, erect, 8 to 12 inciies high, furrowed, 1-5- 
 fiowercd : leaves grass-like, narrowly linear, half line to line in breadth, 1 nerved, acute : 
 terminal flower devehjping first, the lower ones borne upon l)ranches 1| to 2 inches long: 
 buds acute : calyx green-nerved ; teeth lanceolate, ai'utish, witli membranous ciliated mar- 
 gins: petals white with rather short blades; claws witii broad laciniate auricles; appendages 
 4, long; the inner ones broad and toothed : capsule moderately stiped. — Proc. Am. Acad. 
 xxiv. 82. — On shady slopes, Tulare Co., Calif., at Long Meadow, A//;«er, near Whitney 
 Meadows, Coville & Fuitsfon. 
 
 2. Petals'bifid ; each segment with or without a smaller lateral tooth. 
 C Low, .3 to 8 inches in height. 
 
 S. Grayii, Watson, 1. c. xiv. 291. Cespitose, minutely pubescent and glandular: rootstock 
 elongated, much branched; stem simple, erect, 4 to 6 inches high, l-.'j-flowered : leaves 
 short, oblanceolate or spatulate, slightly fleshy, 4 to 8 lines in length, the radical numerous, 
 crowded ; the cauline about 3 pairs : calyx broadly cylindrical ; teeth rounded : ])etals pinii, 
 with blades deeply bifid, the segments each bearing a lateral tootli ; claws narrowly auricled : 
 capsule short-ovoid, scarcely stiped. — Robinson, Bot. Gaz. xvi. 44, t. G. — Mt. Sliasta, above 
 the timber line and near snow. Brewer, Hooker & Grai/, Engelmunn, Packard, Prtnylt ; 
 Scott Mts., Engelmaim. 
 
 S. Suksdorfii, Robinson, 1. c. Low, densely matted, alpine : stems 2 to 3 (rarely 4 to ;->) 
 inclies high, simple, 1-3-flowered, minutely pubescent below, glandular above: cauline 
 leaves about 2 pairs, linear spatulate, 3 to 7 lines long, a line wide, obtusisli ; radical leaves 
 numerous, crowded, similar or somewhat spatulate : calyx broadly cylindric or canipanulate, 
 seldom exceeding 5 lines in length; nerves conspicuous, simple below, anastomosing above : 
 petals white, little exceeding the calyx, shallowly bifid ; lobes entire ; appendages oblong, 
 retuse: stipe of capsule 1| lines long. — California to Washington, Mt. Stanford, Hooker 
 & Gray; Mt. Paddo, Suksdorf; Mt. Hood, Howell; Mt. Stewart, Brandegee ; Mt. Rainier, 
 Piper. 
 
 S. Watsoni, Robinson. Finely glandular above, minutely pubescent or nearly smooth be- 
 low : steins many, cespitose from a multicipital caudex, erect, very slender, simple, 4 to 10 
 inches in height, bearing 1 to 5 or more flowers : leaves narrowly linear or very narrowly 
 oblanceolate, acute, dark green ; the radical numerous, an inch in length, seldom exceeding 
 a line in breadth ; the slender petioles expanding at the base, closely imbricated and con- 
 nate by scarious membranes : calyx ovate or somewhat obovate, 5 to 6 lines in length, with 
 purple more or less anastomosing nerves ; teeth witli membranous margins : petals white or 
 rose-colored ; blades short, a line in length, bifid ; each segment usually bearing a short 
 lateral tooth; appendages obtuse: styles ordinarily 3, rarely 4. — Proc. Am. Acad, xxviii. 
 143. Lychnis Call/ornica, Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. xii. 248 ; Coville, Contrib. U. S. Nat. 
 Herb. iv. 70. L. Parryi, Wats. 1. c , of W. Wyoming, is apparently tliis species, although 
 the single specimen on which it was based is 4-5-carpelled. In the absence of other differ- 
 ences its separation on this (probably inconstant) character is highly artificial. — California, 
 near Kbbett's Pass, Brewer; Mt. Dana, Bolander ; Sierra and I'lumas Cos., /yPmwo;(, south- 
 ward to Mineral King, ace. to Coville, 1. c. ; and northward to tlie Siskiyou and Cascade 
 Mts., Oregon, Howell, and Wasliington, Piper. The antiiers ai'e often iufe.sted by UstiUigo 
 antherarum, and in consequence enlarge and turn purple. 
 O O Taller. 
 
 S. Douglasii, Hook. Finely pubescent, scarcely viscid : stems very slender, usually de- 
 cumbent and geniculate at the base : leaves remote, long, linear to narrowly lance-linear, 
 
ISilene. CAK VOIMI V LI.ACK.E. 223 
 
 attenuate to each eml, sprcadiiij;, 2 to .3 indies long, 1 to 2 lines wide : flowera Ixjnic niwtk 
 in 3-flo\veie(i long-])e(Uinrleii lynies: calyx oblong or oli.ivaii-, nitlu-r narrow at tite luiw ; 
 tlie ends of the tooth surrounded by ovate obtuse intiexod nieniliranes : |tcialH wliite or 
 piniv, 2-lohed ; segments olituse ; claws moderately auricled ; apjx-ndagi's olilong, oliiuse: 
 capsule narrowly cylintlrical, 5 lines long; teeth recurved; stipe I i lines long — Fl. Hor- 
 Am. i. 88; Torr. & (iray, Fl. i. I'.IO ; Wats. Hot. King F.xj.. .-IG. 4.31, & 1'pm-. Am. Acad. x. 
 341 ; Brew. & Wats. Hot. Calif, i. GO. '. S. Lijullii, Wats. I'roc. Am. Acad. x. :i42, in part 
 (as to pi. Leinmon), a form witii snuill Howers in a pathological state, the anthers U-ing 
 infested with Ustilmio uittheifiniw. Lin-lmis elatn, VVats. 1. c. xii. 24'J, in part (iw to pi. 
 Bunri/cdii), merely 5-carpelleii individual. CuchIiuIks iJoiii/luxii, Fat. Man. ed. 7, 2G0. — 
 Wasatcli Mts., Utah, to Ccnlral Cahfornia, northward to Montana and Hrii. C'i)lumbia ; i\. 
 June to September. A common and p<dymor]>iious species, of vNJiich the following are the 
 chief varieties ; all of them tending to intcrgrade witli the type, and .-icparated from ii and 
 eacii other by no constant or imjjortant Horal ciiaracter. 
 
 Var. multicaulis, Kohinsox, I.e. I44. tirayisli-tomentulo.«e and le.ss glandular: 
 leaves more appro.ximate, narrowly lanceolate or oi)long, taper-pointed, erect : stems more 
 rigid. — .6'. mnltirdiilis, Nutt. in 'I'orr. & (iray, V\. i. 192. H. JJiummoudIi, var., Torr. & 
 (Jray, Fl. i. 675. — "Oregon," Nntlull ; Washington, Yakima Co., lirandegee (no. 655 in 
 part) ; Klikitat, Howell ; Spokane Co., Suksdorf, liamm ; N. Idaho, Si>aiduuj, Sandberg ; 
 Montana, Scribner, Cunhi/. 
 
 Var. Macounii, Kobinson, I.e. Minutely pubescent, somewhat glandular above: 
 leaves distant, long and narrow, short-pointed, tapering very gradually from near the a|)ex 
 to the base : calyx oblong, rather short, 4 to 5 lines in length, narrow ; teeth purple-tii)|ied : 
 styles in specimens studied 3 to 4, very rarely 5. — S. Lj/allii, \Vats. i'roc. Am. Acad, x .'{42, 
 as to pi. Li/all (])atliological form with anthers infested by L'stiiago authtrnruin). S. wnlll- 
 caitlis, Macoun, Cat. Canad. I'l. i. 494. 6". Macounii, Wats. I.e. xxvi. 124; Maconn, Hot. 
 Gaz. xvi. 286. — Washington, Li/all, Brandt gee (no. 653 in part) ; Hrit. Columbia, summits 
 of Rocky and Selkirk .Mts., Maroun, iJawson. 
 
 Var. macrocalyx, Houixson, 1. c. 145. Tall, puberulent or nearly smooth : leaves 
 narrowly lanceolate or linear, attenuate both ways: calyx long, cylindrical, 7 to 8 lines iu 
 \^.J^crth. — Iluiiil.oldt Mts., W. Nevada, Watson ; Mt. Paddo, Washiiigton, Suksdorf, I/ou>ll. 
 
 Var. viscida, Rouinson, 1. c. Clandular-viscid, especially above : stems erect, rigid, 
 mostly simple from a branched slightly woody hsme: calyx liroa<lly oblong or almost cam- 
 panulate, relatively short: leaves narrowly lanceolate to linear-oblong, thickish. — Hrit. 
 Columl)ia, at Kicking Horse I'ass, Macoun; Washington, Olympic Mts., l^ipir, Mt. Stewart, 
 Saiidherij & Leilun/, Vakima region, Brandegee. 
 
 Var. brachycalyx, Rohinson, 1. c. Puberulent, not vi,-<cid : leaves distant, sjireading, 
 narrowly oblanceolate. attenuate: calyx short and broad, campanulate. — < iregon, Multnt>- 
 mali Co., and on Sanvie's island, Hou-ell ; Wa.shington, Skamania Co., Sidsdnrf. 
 
 Var. monantha, Rouixson, 1. c. Nearly or (pnte smooth : stems very slender and 
 ■weak, rising from a spreading much branched ba.«e : leaves thin, lanceolate or linear-oblong 
 and grass-like, narrowed both ways : flowers solitary, terminal, or 3 to 5 and loo.sely cymosc: 
 calyx obloug-campanulate, inflated. — 5. monantha, Wats. 1. c. x. 340; Hrew. & Wats. 1. c. 
 63. — Cascade Mts., Washington, Harford & Dunn; Webber Lake, Calif., l.fmmon; N. 
 Utah {?), Parr 11. 
 S. SCaposa, Ronixsov, 1. c. Finely puberulent. somewhat viscid above : stem erect, sub- 
 simple, almost naked, 1 to U feet high, rather rigid : raiiical leaves thickish, oldance«.late. 
 acute, 3-nerved, somewhat glaucous. 2 to 3 inches in length, 3 to 5 lines broad ; canlinc 
 leaves reduced to 1 or 2 pairs of distant bracts : inflorescence a narrow rigiil panicle : flowers 
 small, erect: calyx oblong or elliptic in outline, with simple green nerves: |M'tals white, 
 scarcely exceeding the calyx ; blades short, refuse ; claws with somewhat saccate auricles; 
 append.iges short, obtuse : ovary shortly stiped. — Oregon, Blue Mts., Sfvius : Cold Camp 
 (no. 355) and Currant Creek, fh. Howell ; fl. May. 
 
 = = ^ = = Inflorescence denser, subspicately paniculate or forming an elongato<l 
 thvrse : styles included or moderately ex.>«erted. 
 
 S. Hallii, Watson, 1. c. xxi. 446. Stems sevenil. from a .••tout root, simple, densely glandul.ir- 
 pubesceut, 6 iuches to \\ feet high: leaves oblanceohite. acute, taperint: to the booo. tho 
 
224 CARYOPIIYLLACE.E. Sllene. 
 
 midrib prominent below: flowers verticillately spicate, nodding: calyx even in anthesis 
 broad, oblong or campanulate becoming obovate, strongly marked with purple or green 
 nerves ; those at the commissures irregularly anastomosing with the others and frequently 
 double; teeth triangular, acute, with membranous incurved margins: petals jmrple, not 
 greatly' exceeding the calyx ; claws very broad, laterally ciliate ; blades short, bifid ; seg- 
 ments" somewhat obli<iue,"ofteu toothed : capsule ovate on a short stipe. — 6'. Scouleri of 
 various authors, not Hook. ; thus Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. ser. 2, xxxiii. 405, & Proc. Acad. 
 Philad. 1863, 38 ; Porter & Coulter, Fl. Col. 12; Wats. 1. c. x. 342, in part; Coulter, Man. 
 Kocky Mt. Keg. 32, in part. Lychnis elata, Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad, xxviii. 148, as to 
 plant's of Colorado, not Wats., 5-carpelled form. — Alpine regions of Colorado, Hall & Har- 
 bour, Greene, French, Brandegee, Patterson; a doubtful specimen from Arizona, A'/ii>i/-/^o;j ; 
 fl. August, September. 
 
 S. Scouleri Hook. Pubescent, glandular-viscid above: root stout: stems simple, 1^ to 2^ 
 feet high: leaves narrowly oblauceolate or lance linear, acuminate, not at all warty: 
 inflorescence (5 to 8 inches long, verticillately spicate, or the lower flowers borne in sliort 
 appressed cymes : calyx clavate ; nerves definite, but anastomosing above ; teeth sliort with 
 broad membranous margins, ciliate : petals white or purjdisli ; claws witli rather narrow 
 slightly laciniate auricles; blades bifid; segments emarginate or tootiied ; appendages 
 bhmt: carpophore 2 lines long.— Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 88; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 191; Kohrb. 
 Monogr. Sil. 213. S. Drummondii , Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 377. Elisanthe Scouleri, 
 Ruprec'iit, Fl. Cauc. i. 200. — Frecpient in mountainous districts of Oregon and Idaho to 
 Vancouver Isl. and " Northwest Coast," Menzies; Colorado, Brandegee ; fl. July, August. 
 
 S. Pringlei, Watson. Habit, inflorescence, and calyx of the last : leaves very long, usually 
 narrow and attenuate, both surfaces roughened (especially in the older leaves) with fine 
 warts : petals purplish, bifid ; segments each bearing a lateral tooth ; auricles rather broad ; 
 appendages saccate : capsule ovate-oblong, well stiped. — Proc. Am. Acad, xxiii. 269. — 
 Mt. Graham, Arizona, Roth rock ; New Mexico, Fendler, Greene. (Chihuahua, Primjle, 
 Ilartman.) 
 
 7, L'^f'CHNIS, Tourn. Cockle. (Name ancient, from Xvx^o<;, a lamp, 
 in reference to the bright color of certain European species.) — Inst. 333, t. 175 ; 
 L. Gen. no. 381; DC. Prodr. i. 385; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 194; Endl. Gen. 
 972-974; A. Br. Flora, 1843, 369; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. vi. t. 303-308; 
 Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 147; Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. xii. 246; Baill. Hist. PI. 
 ix. 108 ; Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad, xxviii. 147. Lychnis, Melandnjvm (in 
 part), & Viscaria, Pax in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. lb, 70, 73. 
 Lychnis, Coronaria, Viscaria, Eudianthe, & Melandryum (in part), Williams, 
 Jour. Bot. xxxi. 170, 171. — A considerable and as here taken rather composite 
 genus, chiefly of Europe and Asia, and too closely allied to Silene. The number 
 of carpels is far from being satisfactory as a crucial character in separating the 
 genera, and if applied consistently (as by Dr. Watson, 1. c.) leads in our western 
 species of Silene to artificial results. Yet it is deemed best for practical reasons 
 to keep the genera separate, even if the division is based (as between Arenaria 
 and Stellaria) upon a single and not wholly trustworthy character. Examination 
 of a number of specimens seems to show that in American species the characters 
 of partial septation of the capsule, division of the valves, inflation of the calyx, 
 are very variable, and do not lead either individually or in combination to more 
 definite or satisfactory results. The indigenous species are western or arctic 
 {L. alpina extends eastward and southward to Lower Canada), but several intro- 
 duced European species have become more or less common in the Atlantic and 
 Middle States, and in Canada. 
 
Lychnis. CAK V( )ril VLLACK.K. ^2.J 
 
 § 1. Ellvciims, FoiizI («'xteiulfil). Tt-.^tli of tli<- usually more or Icsh iiillat.d 
 calyx not twisted: ovary unicellular at the base: capsule with its five valves 
 normally bifid, but sometimes indistinetly so or entire. — Fenzl in Kndl. 1. c. 974. 
 Melnndriiim, Rolil. JXutscli. V\. ed. 2, ii. ;;7, 27 1. Milandryiim of authors in 
 great part. 
 
 * Native species, westeru or arctic: leaves iiarruwiv hmcei.lati-, spaiuLitc or linear; tlie 
 radical usually uumerou.s aud the cauline few. 
 
 •I- Tall: stems erect, usually a foot or more in lieijilit, several -many-Howe red : s|»e<ie« 
 ranging from Winnipeg to the Sierra.s, but chieHy of the Uocky Mountains, tliough ui>t 
 truly alpiue. 
 
 L. Drummondii, Watson. Finely grayish-pubescent tliroughout, often purple-glandular 
 al)ove: rout stout, vertical : stems erect, simple, somewhat rigid : leaves narrow ; the lower 
 ohlauceolatc ; the uj)per lance-linear: flowers ou long usually appres-sed pedicels: calvx in 
 the typical form ol)loug-(ylindric or .scarcely ovate, with green nerves : petals small, incimlcd 
 or scarcely exserted, white or jmrplish, with the short liifid mimUely apjiendaged Idades 
 narrower than the claws: capsule sessile; seeds uniforndy tulM-nled, not distinctly crested. 
 
 — Bot. King Exp. .37, 4:32, & I'roc. Am. Acad. xii. 248. A. (iinliiln, (iniy, Am. .lour. Sei. 
 ser. 2, xxxiii. 405, in part. L. aixtdhi, var. paurijl„ra, I'orter in Ilayden, ]{cp. IMTo, 47.1. 
 Silene Drummondii, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 89; Torr. & (Jray, Fl. i. IHI, in j.art ; Itohrli. 
 Monogr. Sil. i. 83. S. Srouleri, Wel.her, App. to Cat. Fl. Xeh. ;}(»; Hritton. Hull. Torr. 
 Cluh, XX. 344. Elisanthe Drummondii, Hu])recht, Fl. Cauc. i. 2(X). — K. Minnesota, .V((7- 
 don, and Winnipeg, Boiirgeau, Assinihoia, Mucoun, to the Pacific Slope at Ft. Vancouver 
 and .southward especially in mountainous regions to New Mexico and Arizona; H. summer; 
 very variable, especially in pubescence. A lanate form has been found in the WiMnijK-g 
 Valley, Dourgeuit ; another form with broad thinnish leaves, purple glandular pubescence, 
 and more ovate calyx, iu the Uintas, Watson, aiul at Gray's I'eak, UooLtr &, (jray, 
 Patterson. 
 
 -»- -I— Alpine, bijreal, and arctic species. 
 
 ++ Calyx ovate, not strongly inflated : flowers on each stem 3 or ."J, densely aggregated, 
 
 rarely solitary : petals exserted: seeds tuberculatc. 
 
 L. triflora, K. Br. Viscid-tomentose : stems 3 to 8 inches high : leaves thickish, linear- 
 
 olilong, often consi)icuou.sly ciliate : flowers short-pedicelled : caly.x with 10 broad indistinct 
 
 purple or green nerves : petals white or roseate ; blades obcordate ; claws scarcely aurided. 
 
 — U. Br. in Kos.s, Voy. App. cxlii, name only; Somnierfelt, Mag. Naturv. ii. 151, 152 
 (1824) ; Wats. 1. c. 247. L. apctala, var. paiirificra, I)ur. PI. Kane. 189. L.paucijlora, I)ur. 
 I'roc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 94. A'/rostemma trijlma, Don, Syst. i. 417. Melandrium trlfhinim, 
 Liebm. Fl. Dan. t. 235r); Rohrb. Linna;a, xxxvi. 231. ]\'<ilill»njf'lla Iridoni, Frie.s Sumnm 
 Scand. 155. — Creeidand, from Polaris Bay, /irssfl, southward; (Irinnell Land, (Irrfli/. 
 
 Var. Da"Ws6ni, Koiunson. Calyx with principal nerves double or triple, joined l>y 
 interlacing veinlets ; the intermediate nerves beneath the sinuses incons|iicuous or wanting: 
 petals verv narrow; blades oblong, bifid, hardly to be distinguished from the narrow claws. 
 
 — I'roc. Am. Acad, xxviii. 149. — Gravel banks, N. Brit. Columbia, UH) miles northeast of 
 Dea.se Lake, Dr. G. M. Dawson. 
 
 ++ ++ Calyx ovate, scarcely inflated: flowers erect or slightly nodding in anthesis : stems 
 usually 1-flowered, occasionally loosely several-flowered. 
 
 = Arctic or sulvarctic sjiecies. 
 L. Taylorse, Kohinson, l. c. 150. Very slender, 1 to Ii feet high, pnberubiit. nearly sm.^.th 
 bilow, irbmdnlar aliove: stem erect, l)earing 3 to 4 pairs of li-aves and two <ir time long 
 slencler almost filiform 1-3-flowered bmnches : leaves thin, lance-linear, acute or nttennnte 
 both ways, finely ciliate, and ])ube.>i<-ent upon the single nerve l.eneath. otherwise glabrat««. 
 2 to 2^ inches in length : flowers terminal or subterminal on the branches: calyx ovatf. inA 
 much inflated, alM.ul 4 lines long, in anthesis only 2 lines in <liameter, with green nerves 
 interlacing above; teeth obtu.se. with broad green membranous ciliate margins: |»otal.« one 
 and a half times ius long as the calyx ; blades ol>cordate, Ij lines hmg, c«>nsidenibly l>nia<ler 
 
 15 
 
226 CAKYOPIIYLLACE.E. Lychnis. 
 
 than the slender narrowly auricled claws; appciulages lauce-oblong. — Peel's Riv., at the 
 delta of the Mackenzie, Mixx E. Tuijlor, July, 1892. A fragmentary sj)ecinieii from tlie 
 Kowak Riv., N. Alaska, McLenegan, may be doubtfully referred to this species. 
 L. affinis, Vahl. Glandular-pubescent, 3 to 6 inches high : leaves oblanceolatelinear, 9 
 lines to 3 inciies in length : calyx ovate-elliptic, usually contracted at the mouth : petals 
 white or pink; lilades narrow, entire or retuse, narrowed from near the end to tlie summit 
 of the more or less distinctly auricled claws ; appendages oblong. — Vahl in P>ies, Maut. 
 iii. 36. L. trijlora, Ilorncm. Fl. Dan. t. 2173. L. apetdia, Hook. f. Arct. Tl. 321, in part. 
 Melandrium affine, Vahl in Liebm. Fl. Dan. xiv. 5, obs. Wahlhergella affinis, Fries, Summa 
 Scand. 155. Melandryum involucratnm, var. affine, Rohrb. Linnaja, xxxvi. 217. — Greenland 
 to Labrador, at Hama, Sonihorger. (N. Eu., Siberia.) Warming (Videiisk. Selsk. Forhand. 
 1886, 129) states tliat in Norway the flowers are of two kinds, perfect and pistillate, and tiiat 
 the petals in the latter are devoid of appendages and auricles. 
 
 = = Rocky Mountain and western alpine species. 
 
 L. montana, Watson. Glandular-pubescent : root thickish, subsimple : stems erect, 2 to 4 
 inches liigh : leaves linear, I to U inches in length: calyx green- or rarely purple-nerved, 
 5 to 6 lines long ; teeth short, scarcely acute : petals narrow, about etpialling or a line or 
 two exceeding the calyx ; blades small, bifid ; claws narrow, one half- to three fourths line 
 in breadth ; appendages small or absent : filaments naked : capsule sessile or nearly so. — 
 Proc. Am. Acad. xii. 247, exd. specimens from the Uintas. L. npetala, Gray, Am. Jour. 
 Sci. ser. 2, xxxviii. 405, & Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 58, in ])art. L. Kingii, var. with naked 
 filaments, Wats. 1. c. 247. — Mountains of Colorado, Parry, Hall & Harbour, Scovill, Wolf; 
 N. W. Wyoming, Parry. 
 
 Li. Kingii, Watson. Densely covered with a very short pubescence, somewhat glandular 
 above : stems slender, erect, 4 to 6 inches high, 1-2-flowered : leaves narrowly linear: blades 
 of the petals rather short and broad, emarginate ; claws with broad ciliated auricles ; appen- 
 dages oblong; filaments pubescent. — Proc. Am. Acad. xii. 247, e.xcl. Wyoming plant. L. 
 Ajnnensisf Wats. Bot. King Exp. 37. — Peaks of the Uintas, N. Utah, Watson. Dr. Wat- 
 son (1. c.) states that this species can be readily distinguislied from L. apetala, with which it 
 grows. Aside, however, from the position of tlie flower in anthesis and the longer slightly 
 ex.serted petals, the material at hand fails to sliow any definite distinctions. In view of the 
 considerable variation of L. apetala in Asia these differences are not very satisfactory. 
 
 ++ -H- ++ Calyx large, much inflated, almo.st globose : flowers commonly penduloias in 
 anthesis : seeds margined : stems l-flowered except in var elatior. 
 
 Li. apetala, L. More or less viscid-pubescent : stems 2 to 6 inches higli : flowers perfect or 
 pistillate, at first pendulous, but becoming erect in fruit : petals in the typical form included ; 
 blades short, bifid ; segments rather irregular, sometimes with a small lateral lobe ; claws 
 auricled. — Spec. i. 437 ; Fl. Dan. t. 806. L.frir/ida, Schrank, Pflanz. Lab. 25. L. montana, 
 Wats. I'roc. Am. Acad. xii. 247 (so far as the Utah specimens are concerned). Ayrosttmma 
 ajietala, Don, 1. c. i. 416. ^felandryum apetalum, Feuzl in Ledeb. Fl. Ro.ss. i. 326 ; AVarming, 
 Bot. Foren. Festskr. 1890, 251, f. 25, 26. Wahlhergella apetala. Fries, 1. c. — N. Greenland 
 and Grinnell Land to Labrador (ace. to Macoun) and Alaska, also southward along the 
 Rocky Mts. to Montana, Canhy, and Uintas, N. Utah, Watson. A polymorphous species, 
 the forms of which have been elaborated by Regel, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xxxiv. pt. 2, 
 570-574. 
 
 Var. glabra, Regel. Glabrous throughout, otherwise as in the type. — Regel, 1. c. 
 570, 572. — Rocky Mts. of Brit. America, Bourgeau ; St. Paul's Isl., Alaska, Elliott ; Sclima- 
 giu Isl., Harrington. The Alaskan form differs from Bourgeau's plant, upon which the 
 variety was founded, in having much larger thinner leaves. 
 
 Var. elatior, Regel (extended). Pubescent, taller, 6 to 12 inches in height : stems 
 commonly several-flowered: petals sometimes considerably exserted. — Regel, 1. c. 573, 
 including var. mncropetat a, so far as the American specimens are concerned. — Kodiak Isl. 
 and northward in Alaska to Kotzebue Sound, ace. to Regel. 
 
 * * Species of the Old World adventive in the Eastern and Middle States and in C'aniida: 
 corolla much exserted. 
 
Lychnis. C A 11 V< )I'|| Vl.l. ACK.K. 227 
 
 -I— Leaves usually large; tlie cauline lanceolate or ovate-lanconlatc : flowcri* niojiilv dia-- 
 cinus: valves of the capsule dislinctly atootlied. 
 
 L. i>ii>l(A, L. (Kku Lvciims, Uki> Cami-ion.) Flowers iiKHJorous. expnndinf; in the morn- 
 iiij< : calyx oblong, rather short, 4 to C lini-s long, reddish ; teeth triangular-lance<dale, acute : 
 corolla red or pink (rarely while): capsule large, gh.hose. with a wide mouth; H-eth re- 
 curved. — S])cc. i. 437, in part; Wats, Hihl. Index. 1(>4 ; Maconn, Cat. ("anad. IM. i G'J ; 
 IJritton, Mem. Torr. {'Inli, v. 14'J ; Hook. i<: Jackson, Ind. Kew. ii. la'J (excl. syn. in part). 
 L. (/iiima, Siltth. Fl. Oxou. 145 ; Keichenh. 1. c. t. .•104. MfUmdiium mlrrstre, Uohl. l)eiit«<-lil. 
 Fl. ed. 2, ii. 274. M. rubrum, (larcke, Fl. DeuLschl. cd. 4, ftS. — Wjiste ground, cotuinon, 
 especially in Canada and the Atlantic States. (Adv. from Ku., Asia; also in (Greenland.) 
 
 Li. Alha, Mill. (KvKNiN(i Lvchms, Wiiitk Cami'Ion.) Flowers fragrant, o|K>ning in tlio 
 evening: calyx green, longer than i.i the preceding; teeth lance-linear, atiennate : condia 
 njore commonly white : capsule ovate-conical ; teeth erect or slightly spreading. — Diet. ed. 
 8, n. 4. L. dioirti, var. $, L. Sjiec. i. 437. L. vesfwriiuu, Sihtli. Fl. O.xon. I4f.. Mrlnntlryum 
 album, Garcke, 1. c. 5.'). — Halhust and waste lands, sometimes hy roadsides an<l in cultivated 
 fields, chiefly eastward. This and the last preceding sj»ecies are not alw.iys clearly distin- 
 guishable, notwithstanding the rather consjiicnous differences exhiliited hy the extreme 
 forms. lu Europe fretiuent natural hyhrids lietween tluni li;ive Iteeu noticed. (Adv. from 
 the Uld World.) 
 
 •4— -4— Flowers jierfect : valves of the capsule 5, entire 
 
 L. Fi.os-crrn.i, L. (Ragued Kobin.) A slender sniootliish perennial, with furrowed 
 sometimes minutely roughened stem, IJ to 2 feet high : lower leaves oldanceolati- ; the ujuht 
 lauce-linear : calyx ohiong-ovate, eipially lO-riMied : Howers cymo.se-))aniculate : |»etals pink 
 or red, cleft to below the mi<lille into 4 linear acute segments. — Spec. i. A'.\(< ; Fl. Dan. t. 5'JO; 
 Eng. Bot. t. 57.T; Keichenb. 1. c. t. 306. Coromiriu Flos-ruculi, A. Hr. Flora. 184."J, 36S. — 
 Moist fields, New Hrunswick, New England, and New York. (Adv. from Eu., X. Asia.) 
 L. CnAi.CEn6MrA, L. I.e., the Scarlet Lychnis or "Scarlet Lightning." a tall Japanese 
 
 species with ovate leaves and globular clu.sters of scarlet flowers, has been known to j>er«i.-t in 
 
 a wild state in thickets, etc., Centr. and S. Maine, Fcmnlil, Ihaui , and doubtless in other re- 
 
 gious, where commonly cultivated. (Introd. from .Japan.) 
 
 § 2. ViscXria, DC. (extended). Caly.v not inflati-d ; tfctli not twisted: 
 ov.ary septate at the base ; teeth of the capsule as many as the styles. — Fl. Fr. 
 iv. 7G1; Endl. Gen. 973. Vlscaria, Rbhl. Deutschl. Fl. ed. 2, ii. 37, 275. 
 
 L. alpina, L. 1. c. Smooth, biennial or perennial, erect, 2 inches to a fiwit in height : leaves 
 numerous, clustered at the base, linear or oblong, thickish ; the cauline 2 to 4 jiairs, erect or 
 ascending: flowers small, the <lensely clustered cymes forming a terminal hea<l : bnicts 
 conspicuous, memliranaceous, tipped with red : calyx sh(>rt-cam])anulate or turbinate, mem- 
 branaceous, scarcely nerved ; teeth bright red : petals pink, bifiii ; segments linear. — Torr. 
 & (iray, Fl. i. 194; Keichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. vi. t. 307 ; Wats. 1. c. 246. Lijchnis Surciat, 
 Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 881. — Greeidand to Labrador, W. Newfoundland, ace. to Macoun, and 
 Mt. Albert, Quebec, Allen, Macoun ; al.xo Little Whale Kiv., Ilud.>ion Bay, ace. to Mai-oun. 
 (Eu., Siberia.) 
 § 3. AouosTi^MMA, Fenzl. Caly.v-teeth filiform, twisted: flowers U\\\ larjio : 
 
 petals with conspicuous awl-shaped ajipendaixos : teeth of the capsuh- as many as 
 
 the styles: plant woolly. — Fenzl in Kiidl. (J«ii. 'J7I. (^aroiKtn'a § Pseudmjnh- 
 
 stemma, A. lir. Flora, 1H.13, SfW. 
 
 L. <ouoNXrMA, Desr. (Mi i.i.kin Tixk.) Covered with dense white wind throughout : stem 
 \\ to 3 feet high: leaves oval or (ddong: calyx ovoid; the alternating ribs mort* prom- 
 inent; teeth small, much shorter than the tube: jK'tals large, crim.non. — Desr. in l-ini. 
 Diet. iii. 643. Arjrostemmn Coronnria, L. I.e.; Curtis. Bot. Mag. t. 24 ; Siblh. Fl. Gr. t. 452: 
 Heichenb. 1. c. t. :{08. Coronaria tomenl»s<i, A. Br. 1. c. — A hamlsomo plant, which. liMvinK 
 cscajjed from cultiv.ation. is e.«Jtablished and becoming Im-ally abundant in ncveral jdace* in 
 New England .antl the Middle States. (Introd. from S. Eu., W. Asia) 
 
228 CARYOPHYLLACEiE. Agrostemma. 
 
 8. AGROSTfiMMA, L. Corn Cockle. (Name from dypos, field, and 
 o-T€>/;ia, crown.) — Gen. no. 371) ; Pax, 1. c. 70. Githago, Desf. Cat. Hort. Par. 
 266; Baill. Hist. PL ix. 108. Lychnis § Githago, DC. Prodr. i. 387; Benth. 
 & Hook. Gen. i. 148. — A genus of two species, both natives of the Mediterra- 
 nean region ; one of them growing in cultivated fields, now cosmopolitan, having 
 been widely disseminated in grain seed. Although often united with Lychnis, 
 these species through the different relative position of the carpels and petals seem 
 to deserve rank as a separate genus, especially if Sagina is to be kept distinct 
 from Arenaria upon the same ground. 
 
 A. GithAgo, L. Annual or biennial, covered with a long silky appressed or spreading pubes- 
 cence : stem \\ to 3 feet high, somewhat branched: flowers few, long-peduncled : leaves 
 linear, acute, 2 to 4 inches in length : corolla 1 to U inches in diameter ; petals obovate, dark 
 purplish red, somewhat lighter toward the claw, and witii small black spots : calyx-teeth 
 usually an inch or more in length. — Spec. i. 43.5; Fl. Dan. t. 576; Eng. Bot. t. 741; 
 Reichenb. 1. c. Lychnis Githago, Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2, i. 310. Gith<u/o seyetiun, Desf. 1. c. 
 266. — An attractive but troublesome weed, common in grain fields; fl. summer. (Introd. 
 from Eu.) The fresh seeds have been found to contain an active poisonous principle, wliich 
 is expelled, it is said, by roasting. 
 
 9. HOLOSTEUM, Dill. ("OXo?, whole, and oo-tc'ov, bone ; '0\6(tt€ov is 
 used by Dioscorides for some unknown plant, possibly, as Prof. Ascherson sug- 
 gests, in allusion to supposed healing properties in cases of bone fracture.) — 
 Nov. Gen. 130, t. 6 ; L. Gen. no. 928 ; Reichenb. 1. c. v. t. 221 ; Gay, Ann. Sci. 
 Nat. ser. 3, iv. 23; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 148. — A small genus of Old World 
 annuals and biennials much resembling Cerastium except in inflorescence and 
 seeds. The commonest species is adventive in America. 
 
 H. CMBELLATUM, L. Finely glandular-pubescent, somewhat glaucous: stems 3 to 18 inches 
 high: leaves sessile, ovate-oblong : umbels 3-12-flowered, terminal upon long naked pedun- 
 cles; pedicels 8 to 12 lines long, some of them reflexed : filaments shorter than the calyx. 
 
 Spec. i. 88; Eng. Bot. t. 27. — Locally established in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and 
 
 Delaware, Porter, Austin, Canbi/, Small, Heller & Halbach ; fl. April, May. (Adv. from 
 Eu.) 
 
 10. CERASTIUM, L. Mouse-ear Chickweed. (Ke'pa?, a horn, from 
 the elongated curved capsules.) — Annuals or perennials, mostly pubescent and 
 often viscid. Leaves usually flat. Flowers white, borne in more or less expanded 
 leafy or naked cymes. — Gen. no. 376 (name ascribed to Dill, by Linn. Syst. 
 ed. 1); Seringe in DC. Prodr. i. 414; Grenier, Flora, 1840, pt. 1, 266; 
 Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. v-vi. t. 228-236; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 39, t. 114; Benth. 
 & Hook. Gen. i. 148; Pax. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. lb, 80 ; 
 Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. xxix. 275. — A genus distinguished from SteUaria 
 and Arenaria somewhat by habit, but chiefly, although not always satisfactorily, 
 by the form and dehiscence of the capsule. 
 
 § 1. Strephodon, Seringe, 1. c. Styles 3 to 5 ; teeth of the capsule finally 
 circinate-revolute from the tip. — Our species have pubescent leaves. 
 C. Texanum, Britton. Annual, viscid : stems .several, slender, almost erect, leafy below, 
 nearly naked and dichotomous above : leaves oblanceolate or spatulate, 6 lines to 2 inches 
 in length, very pubescent or subcinereous on both surfaces: flowers rather small: petals 
 bifid :'styles 3 to 4 (to 5?): capsule 1| to 2 times the length of the calyx. — Bull. Torr. 
 Club, XV. 97 ; Coulter, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. ii. 29. SteUaria montana, Rose, Contrib. 
 
Cerastium. ("AKVOI'II VI.I.ACK.i:. 229 
 
 U. S. Nat. Herb. i. 9.}, t. 2 —Hills, Tcxa-x. Blanco, U'lli/lif, to Arizona, on tho MogollonH. 
 Greene, Santa Cataliiia Mia., Limimm. (Ml-x., Pabiur ; Lower Calif., liranilnjie.) 
 C. maximum, L- Stolon if erous jM-rennial with stcni.s 8ini|)lc or nearly »<o, ertM-t or dccum- 
 Iteut, l)fLoniing a foot or inun; in lieij^lit : leaves linear or lancfolate, attenuate: HowerM 
 very large ft^r tlie genus, an inch in diameter, home on erect ]»eilicel« in simple or cotn|><)un(l 
 cymes: sepals oltlong or narrowly ovate, olituse, 3 to 4 lines li»ng: petals ohovate, much 
 exceeding the calyx, deeply notched at the apex : capsule symmetrical, much exsorted at 
 matuiity. — ISjjec. i. 439 ; Ledeh. Ic. t. 242; Fenzl in Ledeh. Fl. Itoss. i. 399 ; .Seem. But. 
 Herald, 51. C. (/ramie, Greene, I'ittonia, ii. 229. — Alaska. (Silieria.) Asiatic sjx-cimenH 
 of this species, identified at the St. I'etershurg (ianlens, show that the capsule l>ecomes 
 cyliudric and much longer than figured by Ledeljour. 
 
 § 2. Orthodox, Scringe. Styles nornmlly 5 ; teeth of capsule erect or 
 
 spreading; the edges sometimes slightly reflexed. — Seringe, I.e. 415. — Our 
 
 species have pubescent leaves. 
 
 * Flowers comparatively small : petals 1 to U times as long as the sepals. 
 -)— I'ods 1 to 1| times as long as the caly.x : introduced or doubtfully indigenous weeds. 
 
 C. VI lgAtum, L. (Common Mouse-ear Ciiickweed.) Perennial, viscid-pube.scent, leaves 
 oblong, obtusely pointed : lower pedicels in fruit consiileraldy exceeding the calyx : bracts 
 herbaceous: sepals 2 to 3 lines long, obtu.se, often purple-tipped, ap])earing acute through 
 the infolding of the scarious margins : petals as long as the calyx. — S|)ec. ed. 2, 027 ; 
 Hegel, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xxxv. 313; Wats. Bib). Index, 101; Wats. & Coulter in 
 Gray, Man. ed. 6, 88. C. viscosum, L. in herb.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 187; Gniy, Man. 
 eils. 1-5, etc. C. fulvum, Haf. Pre'c. Decouv. 30. C. tririale. Link, Knum. Hort. Bend. j. 
 433. — Very common on roadsides, in fields, etc., but also often remote from habitations 
 and cultivated ground, thus perhaj»s native; fl. through the summer. (Probably uat. from 
 the Old World.) 
 
 C. visc6srM, L. (Mouse-e.\r Chickweed.) Annual, lower and less spreading than the 
 last, viscid-pubescent, 3 inches to a span high: leaves oval or elliptic-oblong, very obtuse ; 
 the lowest narrowed below to short margined petioles : flowers small, at first den.sely clus- 
 tered at the ends of the branches, becoming laxer in fruit, but even the longest pedicels not 
 exceeding the acute sepals, wliich are 1| to 2 lines iu length: bracts herl)ace<)us : jietals 
 scarcely eiiualling the calyx: stamens fre(|uently 5. — Spec. i. 437; Hook. f. Arc. PI. 288; 
 Wats. Bibl. Index, 101 ; Wats. & Coulter in Gray, Man. ed. 6, 88. C. viili/atum, L. in herb. ; 
 Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 187: Gray, Man. eds. 1-5; and others. C. hirsittum, Mnhl. Cat. 40. 
 C. (jlomerutiim, Tluiill. as used by Hook. f. and others. C. connalnm, Beck, Bot. 55. Dejiau- 
 perate forms with few flowers and short caiisulc have been regarded a.s indigenous, being 
 the C. viscosum, var. lenellum, Grenier, 1. c. 200, and the C. semiilecandnim, of authors, not 
 of L. — Koadsides, lawns, etc., widely distributed in the Uniteil States and Canada, but in 
 most regions much less common than the ])receding. (Probaldy nat. from the Old World ) 
 Delicate specimens apparently to be referred to this species, but with minute apetalous 
 flowers, have been collected at San Diego, Calif., Omitt. 
 
 C. semidecAndrim, L. Near the two preceding, but smaller ami with shorter leaves: bracts, 
 at least the upper ones, conspicuously scarious-margined : i)edicels in fruit hmger than the 
 calyx. — Spec. i. 438; C. vnlqatnm, var.? semidecandrum. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 94. — New Jer- 
 sey, Drilton, Peters, to Norfolk, Va., Dritton, Small. (Adv. from Eu., W. Asia ) 
 ^- ^_ p,),ls 2 to 3 times as long as the calyx : indigenous species. 
 
 C. brach^podum, Kouinson. Pale green annual, finely pube.scent and .somttinies viry 
 viscid: l.avcs liiicar-oldong to oblanceolate, olitusish, seMom more than an inch in length: 
 flowers in more or less open dicliotomous cymes ; i)edicels, even the lower ones, only e.|nal- 
 ling or little exceeding the capsules, erect or deflexed. straight or gently curved, not hiMiked. 
 — Holiins.m in Britton, Mem Torr. Club, v. 1.50, & Proc. Am. Acad. xxix. 277. C. nuhitis, 
 var. hrarhji find urn, Kngelm. in herb. — St. Loui.s. Mo, Kii'irlinann. to the Bl.nck Hills, S. 
 Dakota, /ii/dherti, wo.stwanl and .southward to Nevada, Andtrsmi, W'.itsun, Ari/.<>n.% Palmrr, 
 New Mexico, Fendler, and I>ouisiana. (Mex., Schajfner, Palmer, Ilartman.) C. tmellum, 
 
230 CARYOPIIYLLACE.E. Cerasthnn. 
 
 Fenzl, mentioned in Watson's Index (but never published ?), represented by Druminond's 
 no. 30 of his 3d Texan Coll., appears to be only a more slender form of the above. Exactly 
 the same thing, however, has been found at Milledgeville, Ga., by Dr. Boi/kin (Short Her- 
 barium), thus considerably extending tlie range of the species. A very leafy and velvety- 
 tomeutose form from Willow Spring, Arizona, Palmer, is worthy of mention. 
 
 Var. compactuin, Hobinson. Inflorescence capitate-umbellate : pods very slender. 
 — Proc. Am. Acad. xxix. 278. C. nutans, var. coH(y*«c?«/«, Engelm. in herb. — A marked 
 variety or form from the Bad Lands of Nebraska, Ilai/den; Belknap, N.Texas, Hayes; 
 False Washita, Ind. Terr., Palmer. 
 C. nutans, Haf. A pubescent and viscid annual, 8 to 18 inches high: stems branched: 
 leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute ; the lowest narrowed toward the base : flowers numerous in 
 an open dichotomous cyme : calyx about 2 lines in length : petals somewhat exserted, 
 oblanceolate, bifid : pedicels elongated, ascending or spreading, tending to be hooked or 
 nodding at the summit: capsule 4 to 6 lines long, nodding but curved upward. — Pre'i-. 
 De'couv. 36, & Desv. Jour. Bot. iv. 269 (1814); Gray, Gen. 111. ii. t. 114. C. lonrje peduiiculatum, 
 Muiil. Cat. 46, the earliest name, but used without satisfactory characterization, C. glutlno- 
 sum, Nutt. Gen. i. 291. C. apricum, Schlecht. Linnaia, xii. 208. C. oblong ifolium, Anderson, 
 Cat. 118. — Common and widely distributed from Nova Scotia to the Pacific and from Hud- 
 son Bay and Little Slave Lake (ace. to Macoun) to New Mexico. (Mex.) Like the last, 
 paler green than the other common species. Cleistogamy in this species has been noted by 
 Mr. I'hos. Meehan, and apetalous specimens have been found at Wawa, Peun., Brinton. 
 Arizona forms of this species also differ slightly in habit, but lack technical characters for 
 satisfactory distinction. 
 
 C. sericeum, VVatson. Annual: stems one or many, 1 to 2 feet high, stout for the genus, 
 sericeous, very leafy below : leaves oblong-lanceolate, sessile, 1 to 2 inches long, 3 to 6 lines 
 broad ; the lower cinereous with dense flocculent wool ; the upper green : flowers numerous 
 in spreading cymes : calyx 2^ lines long, scarcely exceeded by the corolla : seeds larger and 
 rougher than in the preceding. — Proc. Am. Acad. xx. 334. — S. Arizona in the Huachuca 
 Mts., Lemmon ; Santa Rita Mts., Pringle. 
 
 * * Flowers larger; petals usually twice as long as the calyx (except in C. alpinum, var. 
 
 Beeringianum) : indigenous species. 
 C. arvense, L. Perennial: stems several, weak, usually almost naked above: leaves linear 
 to narrowly lance-oblong : petals obcordate : pod in the typical form scarcely longer than 
 the calyx."— Spec. i. 438; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 104; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 188; Rollick 
 & Britton, Bull. Torr. Club, xiv. 45-51, t. 63-65. ? C. hyhridiim, Muhl. Trans. Am. Pliil. 
 Soc. iii. 169. C. Pennsylvanicum, Hornem. Hort. Hafn. 435. — Rocky soil, common; fl. 
 May to July. (Eu., Asia, S. Amer.) Very variable in size, pubescence, relative lengtli of 
 its capsules, etc. Var. angustifolium, Fenzl, 1. c. i. 413 (var. Andrewsii, Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 
 vii. 109), with cauline leaves narrowly oblong to linear, strongly 1-nerved, attenuate at the 
 base, much fascicled, 9 to 15 lines in length, and var. latifomum, Fenzl, 1. c. 412, with 
 shorter oblong leaves (6 to 8 lines long, broad at the base), are forms strikingly different in 
 their extremes, but rather freely intergrading and often difficult to distinguish. The latter 
 is perhaps a little more common in the Rocky Mts., but extends eastward to Labrador. 
 Better marked are the following. 
 
 Var. oblongifolium, Hollick & Brittox. Leaves oblong or lance-oblong, obtuse 
 or ol>tusish : cajisnle longer, 1| to 2^ times as long as the calyx. — Bull. Torr. Club, xiv. 47, 
 t. 63. C. oblonfjifotium, Torr. Fl N.'& Midd. States, 460 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 188. '? C. di- 
 chotomum, Muhl. Cat. 46. C. arvense, var. brartentum, MacMillan, Metasp. Minn. Val. 223. 
 ? C. bracteatum, Raf. Prec. De'couv. 36. — Nova Scotia to Virginia and westward to Montana, 
 Scribner, and New Mexico, Vasey. This variety has been widely drawn l)y its authors to 
 include narrow-leaved forms as well as the original rather broad-leaved C. oblongifolium, 
 extended scries of specimens showing complete transitions. 
 
 Var. maximum, Hollick & BniTTON, 1. c. 47. Taller, 1 to 2 feet high: leaves 
 elongated, lanceolate, acutish, 2 to 3 lines broad: inflorescence very spreading: capsule 
 equalling or half exceeding the calyx or nearly twice its length. — C. oblongifolium, Torr. 
 Pacif. R. Rep. iv. 70. C. pilosum, Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 67, not Ledeb. — California, 
 
Cerastium. CAKVOl'II V1J,ACE.K. 231 
 
 Point Reyes, where first collected hy liujelow, and elsewhere ; a rank jijrowinK form, serving 
 to connect the next species through var. Fisc/ieriuuum, from which in some cases it can 
 scarcely be distinguislied except hy the narrow lower leaves. Simihir rohust forms of C. 
 arvense liave been found on the St. Clair Uiv., Wis., Howjhum, and in N. Illinois, at Joliet, 
 Booil, and Dixon, \'<isi i/. 
 
 Var. Villosum, Holi.kk & Hkitton, 1. c. 49. Densely villous: leaves narrowly 
 lance-oblong to ovatf-lanceolate. — ('. reliitluum, Kaf. Med. Hop. hex. '2, v. 35'J. C. lillosiim, 
 Muhl. Cat. 46 ; Dariingt. Fl. ("est. ed. 2, 279. ! C. hirsuiuni, Darlingt. Florula Cest. 54. C. 
 olilom/i/oliitm, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 188, in part; Wats. Bibl. Index, 101. C. urrenHe, var. 
 vehUiintm, Britton, .Mem. Torr. Club, v. 150. — I'ennsylvania, Lancaster Co., Purter, Small, 
 Chester Co., Cnnhii. 
 
 Var. Fuegianum, Hook. f. Depauperate, 2 to .3 inches high, with short tliickish 
 imbricated leaves and sub-solitary terminal Howers. — Hook. f. in (Jrav, Hot. U. S. Kxpl. 
 Exped. 119. — Specimens collected by Coulln- in the Yellow.stone I'ark have been confidently 
 referred to this variety by Ilollick & Britton, 1. c, and no. 41 of J'tirri/ from Northwestern 
 Wyoming is doubtless the same. (Fuegia.) 
 
 C. alpinum, L. Silky-vilkms perennial : .stems weak, matted : leaves elliptic-ovate, 4 to 5 
 lines long : petals notched at the apex, 1^ to 2 times the length of the sepals. — Sjmjc. i. 4.18 ; 
 Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 188; Hegel, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xxxv. 314, 315. C. lanalum, Lam. 
 Diet. i. 680. C. lutifoliitm, Greville, Mem. Soc. Wern. iii. 429. C. vuhjutnin. Hook. f. Arc. 
 ri. 288, in part. ? C. Idtifuliuiu, Hart, Jour. Bot. xviii 205. — Arctic America from (irccn- 
 land to Alaska, also in Labrador, the Hud.son Bay region, and upon the Bocky Mts. of 
 Brit. America. (F.ii., Asia.) The following varieties extend farther ."Southward. 
 
 Var. Beeringianum, Rkgkl, 1. c. 316. Tomentulose and less silky-villous, somewhat 
 glaudular-vistid above: leaves smaller, oblong : petals shorter, often .scarcely excee<ling the 
 calyx. — C. Befrinqiiinuiit, Cham. & Sdilecht. Linna-a, i. 62. V. rnli/dliim, var. /iftrint/in- 
 niiin, Fenzl in Ledei). Fl. Boss. i. 409. C. al/jiniim, var. Behn'iif/itiiium, Wats. Bibl. Index, 
 100; Conlter, Man. Rocky Mt. Reg. 33. — Alaska to the Rocky Mts. of Colorado and 
 Arizona. This variety is sometimes difiicult to di.stinguisli from stunted short-leaved forms 
 of C nn-ensp, but its tlowers are less densely aggregated and have the slightly larger firmer 
 and more licrb.accous sepals eliaracteristic of C. al/tiiiiiiu. 
 
 Var. Fischerianum, Tour. & Gr.vy. Tomento.'se or hirsutulous, taller, 8 to 10 
 inches or even more than a foot in height : leaves rather thick, elli|)tic-lanceolate or oval- 
 lanceolate, acute or acutish, an inch or more in length: capsule 1^ to 2 (or rarely 3) times 
 the length of the calyx.— Fl. i. 188; Regel, 1. c. 319. C. litiidum, Ledeb. Mem. Acad. I'etrop. 
 V. 538. C. Fischeriannm, Seringe in DC. I'rodr. i. 419. C. vuli/dtum, vars. (jrandiflorum & 
 marrocarpum, Fenzl in Ledeb. Fl. Ro.ss. i. 409,410. To judge from tiie figure in the Cahpies 
 des De.ssins, C. slellnrioidcs, Moc, should be referred here also, having been placed by Se- 
 ringe probably through an error in § Sirp/ihndon. — A stout variety i):issing to C. (irvense, 
 var. miiTimiim, but with broader more elliptic-ovate leaves and longer capsules. Al.iska to 
 Humboldt Co., Calif., Rntlnn. (Sil)eria, Japan.) The leaves are thicker and the .sepals 
 more pubescent and acute than in C. pi/osum, Ledeb., to which it is also nearly related. 
 
 Var. glabratum. Hook. Leaves and calyx nearly smooth. — Hook, in Parry, 2d 
 Voy. App. 'Mto, & Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 104. — Arctic America with the pubescent forms but much 
 rarer. (X. Eu.) 
 
 § 3. DiCHODON. Bartl. Styles normallN- 3: tcotli of tln^ oapsule erect or 
 slightly spreading, not ciivinate-revolute. — Bartl. in Endl. Gen. 970. — Our 
 species with symmetrical capsule and short glabrous leaves. 
 
 C. trigynum, Vill. Perennial, with stems weak, spreading, somewhat m.itted, sm<K>th or 
 glaiidular-pubescent, loo.sely 2-3-flowered : leaves oblong, 3 to 5 (to 8) lines in h-ngth : the 
 U]iperm<>st ovate : sepals lance-ovate or oblong, obtuse, 2 to 3 lines long : pet.ils 1 ^ to 2 times 
 the length of the calyx, ol)cordate, bifid nearly half way to the ba.>»e : cajv^ule oblong-<Hinic, 
 twice the length of the calyx : teeth finally spreading. — Pmsp. 48, & Dauph. iii. 645, t. 46; 
 Fenzl in Ledeb. Fl. Ros.s. i". 396. C. rrnis'tioid,s, Britton. Mem. Torr. CInl). v. l.-iO. Sirlla- 
 rtn cfnistoidi's. L. Spec. i. 422; Torr. vii Gr.iy, Fl. i. 184; H<H>k. f. An-. I '1. 288. — Table- 
 topped mountain, Gaspe, Lower Canada, Allen; CajH) Chudleigh. Hudson Strait. Brtl; 
 
232 CARYOPIIYLLACE.E. Slellaria. 
 
 Labrador. (Greenland, Holm ; Eu., Siberia.) A species now geuerally appended to Ceras- 
 tium, but forming a transition to SteUaria. 
 
 11. STELLARIA, L. Chickweed, Starwort. (AS^e//a, a star, in ref- 
 erence to the form of the flower. ) — Low spreading herbs, sometimes a little 
 succulent, mostly preferring a moist shaded habitat. Leaves flat, never acerose. 
 
 Spec. i. 421, & Gen. ed. 5, no. 504; Seringe in DC. Prodr. i. 396; Fenzl iu 
 
 Endl. Gen. 969 ; Reichenb. Ic. FI. Germ. vi. t. 222-226 ; Beuth. & Hook. Gen. 
 i. 149; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. t. 113; Pax iu Engl. & Prautl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. 
 Ab. lb, 79; Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. xxix. 281. Alsine, L. Spec. i. 272, in 
 part. SteUularia, L. Syst. Nat. ed. 6, 106. Spergulastrum, Michx. FI. i. 275. 
 Micropetalon, Pers. Syn. i. 509. Larhrea, St. Hil. Mem. Mus. Par. ii. 287. — 
 A genus somewhat artificially separated from Arenaria by the more or less 
 deeply cleft petals. Although convenient and generally useful this distinction 
 breaks down in 
 
 S. MACROPETALA, Torr. & Gray (FI. i. 184), and S. KfNGii, Wats. (Bot. King Exp. 39, t. 6, 
 f. 1-3), which, notwithstanding tlieir eniarginate cleft or divided petals, are doubtless mere 
 forms of Arenaria patula and A. capUlaris respectively. 
 
 § 1. Myosoton, Moench (as genus). Styles 5, alternate with the sepals: 
 leaves ovate, acute. — Meth. 225. Malachia, Fries, FI. Hall. 77. 
 S. AQUATiCA, Scop. Perennial, stem strongly angled and somewhat pubescent : leaves large, 
 ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute ; the upper sessile, cordate ; the lower petiolate : pedicels 
 glandular-viscid, deflexed in fruit : petals 1| to 2 times as long as the campauulate glandular- 
 pubescent calyx: seeds numerous, dark-colored, tuberculately roughened. — FI. Carn. ed. 2, 
 i. 319. Malachia aquatica, Fries, FI. Hall. 77. Maluchium aquaticum, Keichenb. 1. c. t. 237. 
 Larbrea aquatica, Seringe in DC. Prodr. i. 395 (excl. syn.). Alsine aquatica, Britton, Mem. 
 Torr. Club, v. 356. — Becoming frequent upon waste laud and public grounds in the Eastern 
 States, and more or less established along roadsides in Brit. America, Stratford, Ont., Burgess ; 
 Nanaimo, Brit. Columbia, Macoun. (Adv. from Eu.) 
 
 § 2. EustellIria, Fenzl, 1. c. 969. Styles 3 to 4. 
 
 * Petals, except in some flowers of S. pubera, very deeply 2-parted (sometimes minute or 
 wanting) : segments narrow. 
 
 -1— Lower leaves ovate, rather abruptly contracted into slender petioles. 
 
 S. MEDIA, Cyrill. (Common Chickweed.) A low annual : stems pubescent in lines : leaves 
 acute ; the upper narrower, sessile ; the lower on pubescent narrowly margined petioles : 
 calyx glandular-pubescent, equalled or slightly exceeded by the capsule: petals shorter 
 than the sepals: stamens 3, 5, or 10. — Char. Comm.36; Eng. Bot. t. 537; Jackson, Jour. 
 Bot. XXV. 69. Alsine media, L. Spec. i. 272; Walt. Car. 117. Holosteum succulentuni, L. 
 Amoen. Acad. iii. 21 ; Nutt. Gen. i. 89 ; Torr. FI. N. & Midd. States, 159. — One of the com- 
 monest weeds in dooryards and cultivated grouncTs, especially in moist soil ; fl. earliest spring 
 to late autumn. (Temperate and boreal parts of the Old World, Greenland.) 
 
 S. prostrata, Baldw. Annual : stems weak, elongated, prostrate, pubescent: leaves ovate, 
 acute or shortly acuminate; the lower subcordate on slender ciliated petioles; the upper 
 cauline short-petioled or subsessile ; the floral reduced and bract-like : pedicels filiform : 
 flowers smaller than in the preceding : sepals in anthesis but a line long : petals nearly twice 
 as long: mature capsule much exceeding the calyx; valves distinctly circinate-revolute. 
 — Baldw. in Ell. Sk. i. 518; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 183 ; Gray, PI. Lindh. pt. 2, 152, & PI. 
 Wright, ii. 17; Chapm. Fl. 50. — Moist and shaded places, rocky woods; Georgia and 
 Florida to Texas. (Adj. Mex.) Leaves very variable in size, from 2 linos to an incli in 
 length. The flowers in this species are distinctly smaller than in tiic nearly related Mexi- 
 can S. cuspidata, & ovata, Willd. 
 
Stellaria. CAK Vdl'Il Vl.I.ACK.i:. 233 
 
 S. nitens, Xitt. Amm:il, sli'iid.r, erect, »liining : HtoiiiK filiform, forkcl wvora) tiiiu-i*, 
 leafy and sli;,'lill_v piilitscint mar tliu hiwe, almost iiake<l ami <|iiiu; KlaliMUN alxne ; k-avt'M 
 of two forms, tli<! lowest (I to :i pairs) ovate, acute, only 2 lines I.imk, >,n slemler |K-tioles of 
 somewhat greater length, not always jiersisting; the other leaves laii<elinear, luiite, 3 to 5 
 lines long: sej.als very aeute, searioiis-margine.i, l-.'l iMrvc.l : petals half tw lonj; an tho 
 sepals, sometimes ahsent: capsule oMong, al.out einialling the calyx. — Nutt. in Torr. & 
 Gray, Fl. i. 185; Torr. I'acif. li. Kej). iv. 69, & Hot. .Me.\. Hound .JT ; (iruy. I'r.x-. Am. 
 Acad. viii. 378. ^'. vmncltiuides, Fenzl ace. to Torr. & Ciray, Fl. i. C75. .S. slrirta, H<»«jk. 
 Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 96, in part. Alsine nihiia, Greene, Man. Hay-Heg. 33. —S. Calif(irnia to 
 Brit. Columbia, Macoun; eastward to Utah, Juius ; fl. April, May. (l^jwcr Calif.) 
 
 S. OR.\MfNEA, L., with seldom persistent but sometimes slightly petiolato lower leaves, may 
 
 possibly be sought here. 
 
 -»— -i— Leaves all sessile or subsessile. 
 ++ Bracts small, scarious. 
 = Flowers small : petals minute or none. 
 S. Umbellata, Trurz. Smooth: stems weak, a.scending from a docnmbent rooting Itase : 
 k;ivc.s varying fmin lanceolate and acute to elliptic-oblong, 3 to 8 lines in length : pedicels 
 filiform, sub-umi.ellately grouped at the ends of the branches, (jften defle.xed : sejials small, 
 1 to 1^ Hues iu length, glabrous, scarious -margined : ca]jsule twice as long; valves deeplv 
 2-tuothed ; teeth obtuse.— Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1838, 89, xv (1842), 173, Cat. Baie. 5. & fI. 
 Baic.-Dahur. i. 236; Fenzl in Ledeb. Fl. Ho.-*s. i. 394; Itegel, Bull. Soc. Nut. M»m\\\\. 
 264, 280; Wats. Bot. King Exp. 38; I'orter & Coulter, Fl. C-d. 13; Brew. & Wats. Bot. 
 Calif, i. 67. .S. borealis, var.. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 94. Alsine IJairalt-nsis, Coville, Contrib. 
 U. S. Nat. Herb. iv. 70. — Mountains of Colorado and Arizona, al.so Sierras of S. Central 
 California, Cocille, to Union Co., Oregon, Cusick ; fl. July, August. (Asia.) 
 
 = = Flowers of medium size: petals equalling or exceeding the calyx (except sometimes 
 in S. uliginosa). 
 
 a. Seeds essentially smooth. 
 
 S. longifolia, Mihl. Stems sharply 4-angled, commonly 8 inches or more in height : 
 leaves linear or linear-oblong, somewhat narrowed at each end, thickish, often ciliate toward 
 the base; the larger ones 1^ to U inches long: flowers rather numerous in a latenil long- 
 peduncled open cyme ; pedicels spreading, horizontal or deflexed : \^eU\\^ and capsule ex- 
 ceeding the sepals: .seeds smooth. — Cat. 45; Willd. Knum. 479; Fenzl, I.e. 392; Gray, 
 Gen. 111. ii. 38, t. 113, f. 1-5. S. f/raminea, Bigel. Fl. Bost. 110. Sinrgulastrum fframi- 
 neuiii, Michx. Fl. i. 276. Mlrropetalun gramineum, Pers. Syn. i. 509. Si. hmqlfolin, Kat. & 
 Wright, N. A. Bot. 319. Alsin<- lon(ji/ulia, Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, v. 15o! — Newfound- 
 land to Maryland, westward to the Ilocky Mts. and northward to Alaska; fl. June, July. 
 (Eu., A.sia.) 
 
 S. longipes, Goi.niE. Smooth and shining or more or less glaucous, spreading at the ba-^o : 
 branches erect, 3 to 12 inches high : leaves linear or lance-linear, gradually narr.nvetl from 
 the base to the acute apex, I-nerved, 8 to 12 lines in length, spreading: flowers irregularly 
 cymose: peduncles terminal or rarely and tardily .somewhat lateral; pedicels elongated. 
 une(|ual, erect: tho lowest often more or less distinctly axillary : sejjals oblong lanceolate : 
 capsule exceeding the calyx, acutish, dark and shining; .«eeils very sniiHith. — Edinb. I'hil. 
 Jour. vi. 327; lKH>k. Fl. Bor.-.\m. i. 95; Torr. & CJray, Fl. i. 184 (vars. o, 0. y\ ; Fen/.l, 
 1. c. 386. S. palustris, Hichards. in Frankl. 1st Jonrn. ed. 1, App. 738 (n-print. p. 10). 
 6'. striria, Kichards. 1. c. ed. 2, Ajjp. 743 (reprint, p. 15). .<?. ArM, Torr. Ann. l.yc. N. Y. 
 ii. 169. S.i/hiuca, .Meyer, I'l. Lal>. 93. .V. rnissi/iilid, Wats. Bot. King Exp. 38.* S. lowji- 
 folia, Hothr. Enum. I'l. Cent. Col. 35. ? Mirmpelnlnn <ir<itiiin>um. James, Cat. 181. Alsittf 
 lonqiju's, Coville. Contrib. V. S. Nat. Herb. iv. 70. — A very variable si«cies market! by it.<« 
 long dark-colored acutish capsules ami very sm(M)th soeils. It is widely distritnited fn>m 
 Maine to Arctic America, and from Ala-ska (al.xo Siberia) southward along tho Hurky Mis. 
 to Colorailo, and on the Tacific Slope to San Mernar.lino. I\„lsh. The commoner form ba.«. 
 acute .«e])als and haves v.irying iin|)crceptibly from flaccid and spreading to ere«-t and some- 
 what pungent (var. )8 nf.NoH, Hook. 1. c. ; .S. stricUi, Kichards. 1. c. etc.). The txpi.al fortn. 
 
234 CARYOPIIYLLACE.E. Stellaria. 
 
 with spreading leaves and "very obtuse" sepals, is comparatively rare. The following, 
 althougli the best marked varieties, are connected by innumerable puzzling intermediate 
 forms. 
 
 Var. leeta, Watson. Low, smooth or somewhat ]ml)escent, 1 to 4 inches in height, 
 usually very glaucous, densely leafy at the base : leaves carinate, lanceolate-subulate to 
 linear, rather rigid, erect, 2 to 6 lines long, shorter than in the type, narrower than in the 
 following. — Bibl. Index, 112. 5. keta, Richards. 1. c. ed. 1, App. 738 (reprint, p. 10); 
 Hook, in Parry, 2d Voy. App. 390, & Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 96. S. striata, var. y, Hook. Fl. lior.-Am. 
 i. 96. S. longipes, var. 5, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 185. — Arctic America to the Rocky Mts. of 
 Montana and Wyoming; also at Gaspe, Lower Canada, Allen. (Siberia.) A very similar 
 form has been found on the coast of New Brunswick, Fowler. The variety peduxcllAkis 
 of Fenzl is a boreal form somewMiat intermediate between this variety and the next, and 
 indofinitt'ly characterized by still more elongated peduncles. 
 
 Var. Edwardsii, Watson, I.e. 113. Low, smooth or pubescent: leaves lanceolate to 
 ovate-lanceolate or even ovate, shorter than in the type : stems usually but 2-3-flowered ; 
 the lower peduncles axillary, much longer than the others. — 6\ Edicurdsii, R. Br. in I'arry, 
 1st Voy. App. 271 ; Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaja, i. 48; Hook. 1. c. t. 31 ; Fl. Dan. t. 2290. 
 S. nitida, Hook, in Scoresb. Greenl. 411 ; Cham. & Schlecht. 1. c. 47. Alslne lomjlpes, var. 
 Edwardsii, Britton, 1. c. — Brit. America from Labrador to Brit. Columbia, northward to the 
 arctic regions ; Alaska. (Siberia.) 
 
 h. Seeds distinctly roughened under a lens. 
 S. GRA.Mf\EA, L. Stems ascending, smooth and shining, 1 to 2\ feet hi{;h, sharply 4-angled 
 (rhombic in cross-section) ; internodes usually elongated : leaves lance-linear, thickish, atten- 
 uate, furrowed above and with midrib prominent beneath: inflorescence a broad terminal 
 pedunculate cyme (larger and looser than in S. lonqifolia), often accompanied by one or two 
 smaller cymes springing at its base ; pedicels elongated, spreading or deflexed : ca|)sule 
 exceeding the calyx. — Spec. i. 422; Eng. Bot. t. 803; Fenzl in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. i. 391 ; 
 Wats. & Coulter in Gray, Man. ed. 6, 87. Alsine (jraininea, Britton, 1. c. — Introduced iu 
 moist grassy places, Newfoundland to Maryland, and in Northern States across the conti- 
 nent; common. (Eu., Asia.) A shade form, var. lanceolAta, Fenzl, 1. c. 392, is not infre- 
 quent, in which the leaves are lanceolate and more narrowed at the base or the lowest even 
 subpetiolate. The inflorescence rarely becomes seemingly lateral through the development 
 of a sterile branch from its base as in 5. longifolia. Fenzl has noted that the flowers of 
 5. graminea are of different sizes, the smaller being the more fertile. 
 
 S. uliginosa, Mcrr. Low, weak, diffuse: .stems numerous, leafy: leaves lanceolate or 
 elliptic-lanceolate, 6 to 8 lines long, acute at each end : inflorescences few-flowered, pedun- 
 culate or sub-sessile, much smaller than in the last, becoming decidedly lateral, 1^ inches or 
 less in length : flowers smaller and petals relatively shorter than in the related species : 
 sepals very acute. If lines in length. — Prod. Stirp. Gott. 55; Fenzl, 1. c. 393; Eaton & 
 Wright, N. A. Bot. 442 ; Warming, Bot. Foren. Festskr. 1890, 216, f. 10. S. alsine, Hoffm. 
 Deutschl. Fl. i. 153; Muhl. Cat. 45. S. horealis, Darlingt. Fl. Cost. 274. Larbrea uliginosa, 
 Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 93, as to syn. in part, but not as to pi. of Chamisso. Alsine uliginosa, 
 Britton, 1. c. — On wet rocks, in brooks, etc., usually in deep shade, Atlantic Slope, Placentia, 
 Newfoundland, Robinson & Schrenh ; Halifax, N. S., Macotin, to Delaware, Tatnall, and 
 Maryland ; not common ; fl. May to November. (Eu., Asia.) 
 
 ++ ++ Bracts foliaceous (except the uppermost in 5. borenlis, var. corollina). 
 = Leaves narrowly elliptical to lanceolate or linear. 
 
 S. longipes, Goldie, may be sought here, as weak specimens with solitary terminal long- 
 peduncled flowers do not always show the scarious bracts which are developed in more 
 vigorous plants. 
 
 S. borealis, Bigel. Suberect, 6 to 10 inches in height, smooth or nearly so : leaves lanceo- 
 late, atteimate, 6 to 18 lines long, with one prominent nerve: pedicels scattered, 8 to 14 
 lines in length, often deflexed : sepals ovate-lanceolate, scarious-margined, acute or often 
 narrowed to an obtusish apex : petals much sliorter than the calyx or none : ca])sule narrowly 
 ovoid, acutish, H to 2 times as long as the ,«ppals ; seeds smooth. — Fl Bost. ed. 2, 182 ; Torr. 
 & Gray, Fl. i. 185 ; Fenzl, 1. c. 381 ; Fl. Dan. t. 2355. S. aqualica, Cham. & Schlecht. Lin- 
 
Stellaria. CAKV()niVI,LA( K.i:. 23;') 
 
 iKva, i. 50; 'I'orr. & Cirav, V\. i. 186; but pruliaWy not of PcjJl. /jtrhrm uli</ino*ti, H<Mjk. Fl. 
 IJor.-Aiii. i. <J3, a.s to i>l. u£ C'li;iiiiis»o iiiiii |icrliiii>8 of Druiiinioiici. .s'. rrai»ij»lia, KoIuikI. 
 Cat. 6. Siiergnlnslrum Itinvcolitlnin, Mirhx. Fl. i. 275. Mirrui>rtulim lannolatiini, I'en. Svii. 
 i. 509. Amiitriti lalerijlom, l)arliii<;t. Flonila Ce»t. 54. Alsine burraiig. Ur'iUnii,\. v. U'J. 
 
 — New Knglaiid to New Jersey; Meudotiuo Co., Calif., ami iiortliwanl ; fl. iiiidMunitncr ; 
 fre(|iu'iit. 
 
 Var. COroUina, Fkn/l, 1. c 382. Taller: inflorescence sitreadin^ anil nioro definitrh- 
 terininal : Imuts reduced, the up])erinoHt nion* or leK» 8cariou« : j»etalH uxually prewnt : 
 seeds .sliglitiy rouyliened. — S. brar/i'i/iitald. Hong. Veg. Sitch. 126; Torr. & Cray, Fl. i. 186. 
 S. al/iestiis, Fries, Mant. i. 10, exd. var. ."■>. Feiizlii, Kegel, Hull. Soc. Nat. Mwc. xxxv 2K0. 
 .S. borealis, var. al/>estils, (iray, Man. ed. 5, 93. Alsine iorenlis, var. (il/ifxlriii, liritton, 1. c. 
 
 — Lake Superior, liobbiiis, to Oregon, lluwvll, and northward. (Ku., Asia.) 
 
 S. crassifolia, Knun. Low, smooth: stems many, weak, a-scemling or Huherect ; interno<li-<i 
 short: leaves small, numerous, thickish, oMong-lanceolate, acutish, 3 to 6 lines in length: 
 sepals ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, aliout ec|nalled or somewhat exceeded l>y the |»<'tals and 
 capsule: seeds distinctly r<»ughened under a lens, somewiiat larger than in the ht-^t pre<iMliiig 
 species. — llannov. Mag. pt. 8, 110. v^L Heitr. iii. 60; Fen/.l, 1. c. 383; Wats. & Coulter in 
 Cray, Man. ed. 6, 87, excl. Kentucky jdant. 6". gracilis, liichards. 1. c. ed. \, A pp. 738 
 (reprint, p. 10), gemmiferous form? Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 97 ; Torr. & (Jray, Fl. i. 184. 
 .S' borealis, var. j3, llook. 1. c. 95. Alsine crassifolia, Britton, 1. c. 150. — Wet gr'iun<l and 
 marshy places, Lalirador, Martin, Allen, to the Lower St. Lawrence, /'rimjle, and N. lllin<jis, 
 I'dseij, Hill: Colorado, Hall & Hiirbour, Crandall ; Montana, Canbi/, and northwanl; fl. 
 July to September. (N. Eu., Asia.) 
 
 S. fontinalis, Kohinson. Glabrous: stems regularly and dichotomously branched, 6 to 12 
 inches long: branches spreading: leaves spatulatedinear, obtusish, spreading, 5 to 10 linea 
 long: internodes elongated, 1 to 2 inches in length: peduncles solitary in t lie forks of the 
 branches, 1 to li inches long, ascending: sepals 4 t(j 5, oblong, obtu.-ie, 3-nerved : [jetalw 
 none: stamens 4 to 8 ; filaments abruptly dilated at the ba.se: styles 3 to 4, very short; 
 capsule obtuse, not exceeding the calyx. — I'roc. Am. Acad. xxix. 286. .S'. rrassiiUia, Wats. 
 Bibl. Index, 111, in part ; Cliapm. Fl. ed. 2, 608 ; Wats. & Coulter in (Jray. Man. ed. 6. 87, 
 in part. Saijinafoiitinnlis, Short & Peter, Transylv. Jour. Med. vii. 600; Torr. & (Jray, Fl. 
 i. 177. Spergitla fonlinnlis, Dietr. Syn. I'l. ii. 1597. Alsine funtinalis, Brittcju, 1. c. 356. — 
 Cliffs of Kentucky River and Klkhorn Creek, Kentucky, Short & Peter; Nashville, Tenn., 
 Gattinger ; fl. April, May. Certainly distinct from .S. crassifolia, Ehrh. 
 
 = = Leaves broader, ovate or broadly oblong, seldom an inch in length. 
 
 S. humifusa, Bottb. Low, densely matteil, smooth : stems pro.strate or ascending, angu- 
 late, shining : leaves elliptic-ovate or oblong, acutish, 2 to 5 lines long, marce.sceut : pedun- 
 cles axillary, 4 to 7 lines in length : sepals ovate-<dilong, acute, narrowly margined : petals 
 somewhat exceeding the calyx : seeds smooth. — Skrivt. Natur. Vidensk. Selsk. Ki^b. x. 447, 
 t. 4. f. 14 ; Torr. & Cray, Fl. i. 184; Fenzl in Ivedeb. Fl. Boss. i. 384. .9. murifiuata, Cham. & 
 Schlecht. Linnaea, i. .50. Arenaria I hi/m if ol in, Vxirab, Fl. i. 317; Eaton & Wright, N. A. 
 Bot. 132. A. Purshiana, Seringe in DC. Trodr. i. 414; Ibwik. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 102. AUinr 
 humifusa, Britton, 1. c. — Salt marshes and boggy .slopes, Maine, Little Cranln-rry Island, lird- 
 Jield, Upper St. Jr)hn Biver, Coodnle ; Anticosti. Mnronn, and coast of Oreg.m, I/outll liros., 
 northward to Ahiskaand Arctic America ; fl. July to September. (Creenland, N. Eu.. Sil.o- 
 ria.) The commoner form, var. f>VAMi-6i.iA, Fen/.l. 1. c, has leaves ovate or suborbicular, 
 crowded, only 1 to 3 lines in length. Var. oni.oviiiFoi.iA, Fen/1, 1. c , luus interninles more 
 elongated and leaves oblong, 4 to 5 lines in length. 
 
 S. obtlisa, EsiiKi.M. Smooth : .stems prostrate, 2 to 3 inches long : leaves thin, ovate, acute. 
 abniit 4 lines l'>ng. half as broad: flowers .sulitary, ap|)earing axillary: jH-diindes 3 to 4 
 lines long: .sepals ovate, obtuse, hardly at all .scarious on the margins: petals none: ca|uiule 
 \\ to I^ times a.s long as the calyx, (d)tu.se ; .seeds brown, under a com|Hiund micromMH>o 
 covered with lighter-colored oblong tubercles with fringed edges. — Bot. (Ja/„ vii. 5 ; Macoun. 
 Cat. Canad. I'l. i. 76. SJiuminisa, .Macoun, I'ha-nog. X: Crypt. I'l. of Canail.9. — Anthmcitc 
 Creek, ('..!. .rado, 9.000 to lO.iMHI feet, llriiniixier, to Blue NJls , Wxshingtiui, /'./>rr, and Brit. 
 Columbia, near Ma<leod'8 Lake, Macoun ; Kootanie Bass, iJou-sun ; fl. June, July. 
 
236 CARYOPIIYLLACE.E. Stellarla. 
 
 S. crispa, Cham. & ScHLECHT. Usually glabrous : stems numerous, weak, decumbent : 
 loiives thin, ovate, commonly crisped on the edges ; the broad base rouuded, subpetiolate ; 
 the apex short-acuminate: pedicels solitary, axillary, 3 to 12 lines lonjj: sepals lanceolate, 
 acute, margined, 3-nerved, considerably exceeded by the acutish capsule : petals minute or 
 iioue. — Linuasa, i. 51 ; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 97 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 186, 67.T ; Gray, Proc. 
 Am. Acad. viii. 378. 6". borealis, var. crispa, Fenzl in Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 675; Torr. Bot. 
 Wilkes Exped. 245. S. borealis, var. a/)etala, Kegel, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xxxv. 277, in 
 part. — Mountainous regions of N. California to Alaska. A pubescent but mostly sterile 
 and possibly distinct form from Lake Cushnian, Washington, Piper. 
 
 S. calycantha, Bong. Ferennial, more or less finely pubescent : stems numerous, decum- 
 hfut, branching : leaves ovate-lanceolate, somewhat narrowed toward the more closely sessile 
 base, slightly fleshy or almost as thin as in the last, ciliolate at least near the base : flowers 
 small, nearly or quite apetalous, forming at length a more or less regular dichotomous 
 cvmose inflorescence : capsule broadly ovate and very obtuse or even subglobose. — Veg. 
 Hitch. 127 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 186; Macoun, Cat. Canad. PI. i. 74. Arenaria calycantha, 
 Ledeb. Me'm. Acad. St. Petersb. v. 534. — Mt. Shasta, California, Hook. & Gray, to Wasliing- 
 ton, Howell Bros., Siiksdorf, Brundegee, Allen; Brit. Columbia, Macoun, and S. Alaska, Mertens, 
 ace. to Bongard. (Siberia.) A species referred by Fenzl, 1. c. 382, and by various American 
 writers to S. borealis, but, as it seems, rightly restored to specific rank by Prof. Macoun. 
 A glabrous form, however, from Mt. Paddo, coll. SuLsdorf, scarcely differs from 5. borealis 
 except in its broader leaves and blunter pods, while a pubescent form from Skamania Co., 
 Wasliington, no. 2194 of the same collector, shows in its more racemiform inflorescence a 
 transition to 5. crispa. 
 
 S. ruscifolia, Willd. Glabrous : leaves coriaceous, ovate, subcordate, acuminate, somewhat 
 rigid with pungent tip : flowers rather large, terminal, pedunculate : sepals acute. — Willd. ace. 
 to Schlecht. Berl. Gesell. Nat. Fr. Mag. vii. (1816), 194; Cham. & Schlecht. 1. c. 50; Kegel, 
 1. c. .300. (Siberia.) 
 
 Var. arctica, Kegel, 1. c. 301. "Low stems, scarcely an iucli in length, sepals 
 obtuse. — On the Melville Islands." 
 
 ==== = Leaves broad, an inch or more in length. 
 
 S. littoralis, Torr. Pubescent : stems decumbent, dichotomously branched, 8 inches in 
 hei"-ht : leaves ovate, rounded at the base, acute or acuminate, about an inch in length, with 
 definite intramarginal veins : flowers rather numerous in the forks of the branches ; pedun- 
 cles becoming horizontal or deflexed : sepals 2| lines long, acute : petals of nearly equal 
 length, cleft almost to the base: capsule somewhat shorter. — Pacif. R. Kep. iv. 69 ; Brew. 
 & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 68. Alsine littoralis, Greene, Man. Bay-Reg. 34. — California, coast of 
 Marin Co. ; Point Reyes, Bigelow, Blankinship ; Dillon's Beach, Complon ; bluffs near 
 Point Lobos, ace. to Mrs. Brandegee. In habit much resembling the Old World ^\ dicho- 
 toma, L., of which it may well prove a form. It differs, however, in its much more deeply 
 cleft petals. 
 
 S. piibera, Michx. (Great Chickweed.) Perennial, decumbent, stout for the genus: 
 stems pubescent in lines: leaves elliptic-oblong, finely ciliate, acute or obtusish, 6 lines to 1^ 
 inches long, or on the late tall shoots 3 inches in length : calyx nearly or quite smooth ; sepals 
 3 to 4 J lines in length : stamens 10 : capsule globose, not exceeding the calyx ; teeth some- 
 times but not always circinate-revolute as in Cerastium § Strephodon. — Fl. i. 273 ; Darlingt. 
 Fl. Cest. 274 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 183. Alsine piibera, Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, iv. 107. — 
 Rocky woods, Pennsylvania to Georgia, westward to Tennessee, Kentucky, and Indiana; 
 fl. April, Mav. According to Mr. Thomas Meehan the flowers are proterogynous. Prof. 
 L. F. Ward notes that the large-leaved usually sterile shoots of late spring sometimes bear 
 a few flowers which are smaller in size and shorter-peduncled than the earlier ones. Miss 
 E. F. Andrews states that the petals are sometimes cleft half their length, in other cases 
 nearly to the base, which is confirmed by specimens. 
 * * Petals retuse or shortly bifid, divided only one fourth to one half the way to the base, 
 
 commonly much exceeding the calyx : species approaching Arejwria. 
 -t— Tall or spreading species, adventive on the Atlantic Slope : leaves long, lanceolate to 
 lance-linear, attenuate. 
 
Arcnaria. CAKVOl'l I VI.LACK.i:. 2.j7 
 
 S. Hol6stea, L. Stem 6 to 18 inrhes hiph : leaves narrowly laiiceolato, Kprcadiiig, long- 
 attenuate from near tlie roundetl sessile lijise, scaliri>UH-<Mliate on tlit- niargiiiM and niiilrili, 
 IJ to 3 inches in lenj^tii, 1-nerveil : sepals lante-olilong, thin, nervt-less, 4 linos in length, 
 exceeded by the large white ])etal8 : styles 3 : valves of the capsuli; s<>nietini«-s tardily cir- 
 cinate-ri'vulute. — Spec. i. 422 ; Ucidienb. Ic. Kl. (Jerni. v. t. 223. Ahinr I/>ito»lfa, lirittoii, 
 Mem. Torr. Ciuh, v. ITjO. — Found nxire or less estaldislied in th<^ outskirts of liro^jklyn. 
 Long I.-<land, Itwjer ; Poland, Maine, Miss Furbish. (Ailv. fruni Ku.) 
 
 -»— -4— Indigenous species of the Souiliern States : leaves narmwly oldung, linear, or 
 spatulate. 
 S. uniflora, Walt. Weak and slender: stems decumbent or suberect, a f<«>t in length: 
 leaves linear, acute, or the lower lanceolate, gradually narrowed JKdow, niiicronate, 8 to 12 
 lines in length; tiie floral much reduced : flowers few, solitary, on elongated slender pedun- 
 cles : calyx soft in texture, sepals scarcely veined. — Car. 141 ; I'orr. & (Jray, Fl. i. \XA; 
 Cbajjui. Fl. 50. Aremma t/labni, Ell. Sk. i. 520, not Michx. ; Wood, Hot. & Fl. 50. Alsine 
 irrt/<en, Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 34. — Moi.st meadows, North Carolina to Florida and Alabama, 
 n^hichell ; fl." March to May. 
 S. Nuttallii, Torr. & Gk.w. Annual, a sj)an high: leaves linear-<jblong, obtusish ; the 
 upper iMiuh reduced l)Ut not .scarious : flowers in dichotomoiis nicemes ; pedic<ds horizontally 
 spreading, 9 lines in length: corolla G to 8 lines broad. — Fl. i. 183 ; Fielding. Sert. I'l. t. 18. 
 Alsine Dnimmondii, Fenzl in Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 675. Alsinr NnUallii, (iray, (Jen. 111. ii. 34. 
 — Arkansas, Nuttall : Indian Terr., Carlflon (ace. to Ilolzinger) ; Louisiana, Hale; Centnil 
 Texius, iJiummond, Lindheiiner, Wriijht, Uall. 
 .(—-)—-»— Indigenous glandular-pubescent species of tiie Rocky Mts. and ra( ific Slope. 
 S. dichotoma, L. Stems terete, profusely and dichotomously branched : leaves ovate to 
 ovate laineolate, acute or acutish, cordate, spreading, 6 to 12 lines in length : peduncles 
 1-flowered, springing from the forks of the branches, considerably excee(liiig the leaves, 
 commonly deflexed in fruit : sepals lanceolate, acute, usually alwut ecpialling the jietals. — 
 Spec. i. 421 ; Fenzl in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. i. 378. — An Asiatic species of great variability. 
 
 Var. Americana, 1'outeu. Leaves oval, obtusish: sepals oblong, obtuse, only 1^ 
 lines long, coiisidiTably exceeded by tlie ratlier narrow white petals. — I'orter in Rolnnson, 
 I'roc. .\m. Acad. xxix. 289. — Collected near Virginia City, Montana, \V. Ii. I'lutt. 
 S. Jamesii, Torr. Viscid above : stem strongly angled : leaves elongated, lanceolate, 
 attenuate, smooth, 2 to 4 inches in length, 1 to 8 lines broad near the closely sessile base : 
 flowers in a leafy terminal panicle: se]mls oldong, herl)aceous, 2 lines in length. — Ann. 
 Lye. N. Y. ii. 169 (as S. Jnmesiuna], & I'acif. R. Rep. iv. 69 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 183 ; Wats. 
 Bot. King Exp. 38. ? S. (jrnmiiiea, James, Cat. 181. — Woodlands and "creek bottoms," 
 Rockv Mts. of Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona to Central California and Washington, 
 Brandeqpe^ Henderson; Idaho. Miss Mnlford; fl. June to October. Leaves varying greatly 
 in breadth even on the same individual. 
 
 ^— -4— -1— -»— Glal>rous Alaskan densely cespitose species : leaves very small. 
 S. dicranoides, Fknzi,. Dw.arf and tufted perennial: stems numerous, covered with the 
 small oblong cnneate closely imbricated leaves: flowers small. S(ditary, terminal, short- 
 peiluncled : petals shorter than the oblong-lanceolate .sepals. — Fenzl in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. i. 
 395 ; Seem. B<jt. Herald, 26, t. 3. Cherleria tlirraimides, (^ham. & Schlecht. Linna>a, i. 63. — 
 Cai>e Lisbume, N. W. Alaska, Seemnnn. (Adj. Siberia. C/uimis.<!o, Ksrh.icli<>ll:.) A very 
 distinct s](eries, but not recently collected nor very well known. 
 
 12. ARENARIA, L. S.wnwORT. (Arena, .sand, a s:in<ly pluv. from 
 the habitat of .several species.) — Leaves .sessile or nearly so, either li;it and with 
 well -developed blades or more frequently awl-shaped or aeerose. Flowers of Stel- 
 Inrln, but with petals entire or barely retuse ('sometimes more deeply eli-ft in A. 
 pntiiln and A. cnpiUaris). — Syst. Nat. ed. I, & Gen. no. .'{71. in part (n:im<' use«l by 
 Ruppius for various Alsinetr) ; lienth. & Hook. Gvn. i. l.')0; \V:its. Hild. Imh-x, 
 91: Hook. f. & Jackson, Index Kew. i. 178; Kobinsou, Proc. Am. Acad. xxix. 
 
238 CARY0PIIYLLACE.1:. Arenaria. 
 
 289. Alsine, Wahlenb. Fl. Lapp. 127, not L. Arenaria, Merkia, & Honckenya, 
 Torr. «& Gray, Fl. i. 176, 178. Arenaria, Sabidina, Minuartia, Tryphane^ Alsi- 
 nanthe, etc., Reicheiib. Ic. Fl. Genu. v. t. 204—219. Alsine, Arenaria, Mcehringia, 
 Merckia, & Dolophragma, Pax in Engl. &, Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. lb, 
 82-84. — A composite genus, and, when taken as here in its more comprehensive 
 sense, the largest of the Alsine^. Plants of wide distribution both as regards 
 latitude and altitude, and possessing in consequence much variability in aspect ; 
 being rather slender annuals or herbaceous perennials of the habit of Stellaria, or 
 often more densely tufted and occasionally distinctly woody at the base. 
 
 § 1. MtEiiRfxGiA, Benth. & Hook. Seeds, at least when young, provided at 
 the hilum with a light-colored spongy appendage (strophiole). Habit of Stellaria. 
 — Gen. i. 150. Mcehringia, L. Phil. Bot. 32 ; Fenzl in Eudl. Gen. 908; DC. 
 Prodr. i. 390 ; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 36, t. 112. 
 
 A. lateriflora, L- Stems terete, weak, often decumbent, puberulent : leaves elliptic-oblong 
 or oval, obtuse or rounded at the apex, thin, puberulent or at least (under lens) papillose- 
 roughened, 5 to 10 lines long ; the veins and edges beneath covered with a fine spreading 
 pubescence: cymes pedunculate and somewhat umbellately few(l-())-tlowered : sepals ovate, 
 obtuse or scarcely acute, 1 \ lines long, only one third to one half the length of the obovate 
 petals: filaments pubescent. — Spec. i. 423 ; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 102, t. 36 ; Torr. & Gray, 
 Fl. i. 182, 675. A. Pennsylvanica, Muhl Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. iii. 169. A. btixifolia, Poir. 
 Diet. vi. 362; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 182. A. Haeukeaiia, Burtl. in Presl, Rel. Haeuk. ii. 15. 
 Stellaria bijiora, Pursh, Fl. i. 317. Mixhrlngia lateriflora, Feuzl, Verbreit. Alsiu. 18, 38, & in 
 Ledeb. Fl. Ross. i. 371 ; Gray, 1. c. — New Englaud to New Jersey, Colorado, Oregon, and 
 northward to the Arctic Ocean ; fl. May to August. (Siberia.) Var. glabrescens, Robin- 
 son, n. comb. {Mahrimjia lateriflora, w&r. glabrescens, Regel, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xxxv. 259), 
 ■with glabrate or even glabrous leaves, has been collected in Delta Co., Colorado, J. U. Cuwen, 
 and on Peel's River near the mouth of the Mackenzie, Miss Taylor. (Siberia.) 
 A. macroph^Ua, Hook. Stems decumbent, angled, pulverulent-pubescent : leaves lan- 
 ceolate, acutish to acuminate at both ends (less commonly elliptic, obtusish), 1 to 3 inches in 
 length, glabrous, more or less punctate : peduncles slender, terminal or becoming axillary, 
 1-5-flowered: sepals ovate-lanceolate, very acuminate, exceeding the petals. — Fl. Bor.-Am. 
 i. 102, t. 37 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 182; Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. iv. 69; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, 
 viii. 378; Greene, Fl. Francis. 125. Mahringia macropht/lla, Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exp. 246. — 
 Extending from San Diego, Orciitt, northward through California, Oregon, and Washington, 
 into Brit. America, and eastward to Isle St. Ignace, Lake Superior, Wheeler; fl. April to 
 August. While the essential floral characters remain the same, there is considerable varia- 
 tion iu the size, texture, and shape of the leaves. 
 
 § 2. Ammodenia, Benth. & Hook. 1. c. 151. Styles 3 to 5 : disk conspicuous, 
 10-lobed and glanduliferous: cap.sule globose, somewhat baccate ; seeds not stro- 
 phiolate. — Ammodenia, Patrin in Gmelin, Fl. Sib. iv. 160. Honkenya, Ehrh. 
 Beitr. ii. 180. Haliunthus, Fries, Fl. Hall. 75. Adenarium, Raf. Am. Monthly 
 Mag. ii. 266, «fe Jour. Phys. Ixxxix. 259. — A single stout fleshy species of mari- 
 time habitat and with axillary flowers. 
 
 A. peploides, L. Perennial, glabrous : stems a span in height, .stout, angled : leaves thick, 
 ovate or oliovate, 1-nerved, shortly pointed, clasping at the broad ba.se: sepals ovate- 
 lanceolate, acuminate, 3i lines in length, about equalling the petals. — Spec. i. 423 ; Pursh, 
 Fl. i. 317. Alsine peploides, Crantz, Inst. ii. 406. Honkenya peploides, Ehrh. I.e. 181; 
 Fenzl in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. i. 358; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 32, t. 110. Adenarium peploides, Raf. 
 11. cc. — Seashores, from New Jersey and Washington State, Henderson, northward ; fl. 
 July to September. (Greenland, N. Eu., Asia.) On the Northwest Coast the commoner 
 form is 
 
AreiHiria. CAUVoril VLLACK.i:. 239 
 
 Var. major, Hook. Taller: leaves longer, often 15 lines in loiif,'t)i, oI.Imh;,' or <.MaiHC<)- 
 late, more poinUii and liecidedlv narrowed to liie liase — Fl. Hor.Aiii. i lOi'. ,1. >,irh>ti- 
 sis, Dietr. Syn. I'l. ii. 1505. jioitrhni/a ul.l„„<ji/olla, 'I'orr. ."t (;ra.v. M. i. ITC. ILmLrnya 
 pepluides, var. oU<>ii;/i/<>liu, Kenzl, 1. c. — WaMliin^ton to Alaska. IniiR-rfe.t Kpecimons (|K;r- 
 haps of the type rather than the variety) from Yellowstone Lake. Wyominj;. eollectc.l Uy 
 Adams on the Ilayden Siirv.. and kindly eommiinieatcd hy Professor Porter, (thow a uote- 
 worthy inland occurrenie of this usually maritime sp<-cie». (Silteria, Japan.) 
 § 3. MicRCKlA, Benth. & Hook. 1. c ir>l. Styles 3 to O; ovarv 3-'i-<-cllc(l : 
 capsule large, depressed-j^lohose, souu'what inflated, niany-seeded ; swds not 
 stropliiolate. — Merckia, Fiscli. in Cliaiu. &, Sclileclit. Linnjca, i. .09; Fenzl, 1. r. 
 3iiU; Pax in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. PManzonf. iii. Ab. II), 84. Merkia, Torn. «fc 
 Gray, Fl. i. 17G. — A single glandular and slightly fleshy species of the North- 
 west. 
 
 A. physodes, Fiscn. Perennial, cespitose : stems weak, deeumhent, 3 to fi inches in len>,'th : 
 leaves ovate, cus])idately pointed, 4 to 6 lines lonj; : Huwers sc.litary at the summit of the 
 stem or becoming lateral : sepals laiiee-oblong, acute, .3 lines in length, eipialling or slightly 
 exceeding the petals : capsule 4 lines (said to become half an inch) in diameter.— Ki.sch. in 
 DC. Prodr. i. 413; Wats. Bibl. ludex, 97. Merckia physodes, Fi.srh. I.e. 59; Hook. 1. c 
 103; Terr. & Gray, 1. c. Stellaria orullfolia. Hook. 1. c. 97 ; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. \T>. 
 — Brit. Columbia to N. Alaska; fl. .July, August. (E. Siberia.) 
 
 § 4. Arenaria proper. Styles normally 3 : capsule ovoid, dehiscent hv 2- 
 toothed or -cleft valves; seeds not strophiolate. — ^^r/mnV/ of many authors, .is 
 Fenzl in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. i. 360 ; Kegel, 1. c. 215 ; Pax, I.e.; William.s, Hull. 
 Herb. Boiss. iii. 593, etc. 
 
 ♦ Leaves ovate, elliptic or linear, not acerose. 
 +- Annuals. 
 A. ."SERPYLLiKbi.i.i, L. (TnvMK-LK.WED SANDWORT.) Annual, finely pul)0.scent, much 
 branched: leaves very short, 2 to 3j lines in length, ovate, acute or acuminate, rather 
 distinctly 3-5-nerved, rounded at the ba.se; only the lowest being narrowed to sliort peti- 
 oles: flowers numerous in open leafy cymes; pedicels 1 to 3 times the length of the ovate- 
 lanceolate acuminate hispidulous sepals: petals small, about two thirds the length of the 
 sepals: capsule flask-shaped. — Spec. i. 423; Michx. Fl. i. 274; Kll. Sk. i. 518; Torr. & 
 Gray, Fl. i. 182. — Sandy soil, Lower Canada and New Kngland to Florida, westward to 
 Oregon, Washington, and Brit. Columbia; fl. A])ril to June. (Nat from F,u.) 
 
 Var. TKXLioK, Koch. More delicate: leaves reduce<I, lanceolate: flowers smaller in a 
 nearly naked raccmo.se panicle: capsule more oblong. — Synop. 117. A. le/iiiM-lndos, (iuns. 
 Fl. Sic. Syn. iii. 824. — Dry situations, less frequent than the type; Maine, Femald : Ver- 
 mont, Boon ; Oregon, Brandeqee ; W;ishiugton, Suksdiirf; fl. Mav to August. (Adv. from 
 Eu.) 
 
 A. Benthdmii, Fenzl. A slen<ler annual, branched from the ba.se; brandies finely pulM-.*- 
 cent in lines: leaves short, 3 to 4 lines in lengtli, elliptic-lanceolate, acute and apiculate, 
 often punctate, narrowed to sessile bases, or the lowest to short ciliated petioles; floral 
 leaves much reduced : pedicels filiform, many times exceeding the ovate ncuminate glabnms 
 often punctate sepals: seeds dark br<iwn. minutely tubercuhite. — Fen/1 in Torr & (•ray, 
 F'l. i. 675; (Jray, PI. Wright, ii. 18; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 3r.. .1. m-mticJn, Buckley, 
 Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, 449. — Rocky ground, Texas, where first coll. by Drummond ; New 
 Mexico, Thtiiitr. 
 
 +- -t- Perenni.ils. 
 
 A. ciliata, L- .Minutely glandiilarpuberulent : stems numerotis, slender, terete, leafy, 
 densely m;itted, or in less exposed situ:itions spreading and ascemling. 1 to 5 inches long, 
 terminally 1-3-flowered : leaves small, ovate-<ilil"ng or lance-oldong, s<arcely acute, I to .'l 
 lines in length, distinctly ciliato near the cuneatc base : pcdunclca erect, 2 to 5 liue« long : 
 
240 CARYOPIIYLLACE.E. Arenaria. 
 
 sepals ovate-oblong, obtuse, nerved, Ij to U lines long: petals of similar shape and ecjual 
 length: stamens 8 to 10: valves of tlie cajjsiile ratlier deeply liitid, exteeding the cahx. — 
 Spec. i. 425; DC. Prodr. i. 411 ; Fenzl in Ledeb. F\. Koss. i. 370. (High nmunlains and 
 arctic regions of Europe.) 
 
 Var. (') humifusa, IIornem. Leaves without ciliatiou : sepals nerveless. — Iloruem. 
 in l^ange, I'l. Gra-n. 132. A. Xorver/icu, Gunu. Fl. Norv. ii. 145, t. 9, f. 7-9. A. humifusa, 
 Wahleub. Fl. Lapp. 129. — Kich soil, Brit. America, Mt. Albert, Gaspe, Allen, Porter; Lake 
 Mistassini, ./. M. Macoun, and what is with scarcely a doubt the same thing at Kicking 
 Horse Lake in the Kocky Mts., J. Macoun. (Greeulaud, N. Eu.) 
 
 A. alsinoides, Willd. Minutely pubescent with slightly hooked hairs or smootiiish : 
 stems long, procumbent, moderately branched : leaves narrowly ellijjtic, acute, narrowed 
 below, commonly pseudoverticillate, 8 to 10 lines long, punctate : flowers axillary, solitary 
 at the nodes : pedicels filiform, elongated, sj)reading or horizontal, nearly or (juite an inch in 
 length: sepals ovate, acute, tuberculate-puuclate, If lines long: petals commonly smaller or 
 wanting: seeds smooth and shining. — Willd. in Schlecht. Berl. Gesell. Nat. Fr. Mag. vii 
 (1816), 201; Wats. Proc Am. Acad. xvii. 327. A. diffusa, Ell. Sk. i. 519. A. nemorosa, 
 HBK. Nov. Gen. & Spec. vi. 35. A. lanuginosa, Rohrb. in Mart. Fl. Bras. xiv. pt. 2, 274, t. 63. 
 Sper(fulastnim lamujinosum, Michx. Fl. i. 275. iPolycurpon unijiorum, Walt. Car. 83. Micro- 
 petalon lanwjinosum, Pers. Syn. i. 509. Stellaria elongata, Nutt. Gen. i. 289. S. lanuginosa, 
 Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 187, 675.— Moist shaded ground. North Carolina to Florida and Texas, 
 Druminond, Hall. (Me.x., S. Amer.) A more western form, represented from New Mexico 
 by Fendler's 58 and 62 and Wright's 864, has slightly firmer stems, more numerous sub- 
 paniculate flowers, and leaves less narrowed at the base. In all these respects it shows a 
 transition to the following. 
 
 A. saxosa, Gray. Finely puberulent, green or glaucescent: stems many, spreading from 
 a ratlier stout root, decumbent or creeping at the base, 2 inches to a foot long: leaves 
 numerous, opposite, not fascicled or pseudoverticillate (sometimes crowded), slight!}' fleshy, 
 lance-oblong, acute, mucrouate, 2 to 9 lines long, sessile by a scarcely narrowed base : flowers 
 terminal and subsolitary on short simple peduncles or iu stouter individuals numerous and 
 more or less paniculate : petals almost or quite equalling the ovate-lanceolate sharply acumi- 
 nate slightly fleshy sepals. — PI. Wright, ii. 18; Walp Ann. iv. 258. Mcehringia umhrosa. 
 Gray, PI. Fendl. 13, & PI. Wright, ii. 18, not Fenzl. — Colorado, Brandegee, Hooker & Grn;i ; 
 Guadelupe Mts., Texas, //ai-arc?; New Mexico, Ff?i^/er, Wright, Wooton ; ATizona, Both rock-, 
 Lemmon, Jones, Rusby. (Lower Calif., Orcutt.) A species of wide range, occurring alike 
 in rocky subalpine regions and much lower upon sandy banks, accordingly varying mucli in 
 height and diffuseness of branching. The type is a condensed few-flowered form. 
 
 Var. cinerascens, Robinson. Somewhat more rigid, grayish throughout with a 
 fine pubescence: leaves pungent. — Proc. Am. Acad. xxix. 293. — Huachuca Mts., Arizona, 
 Lemmon. 
 # * Leaves very narrowly linear, commonly acerose, often rigid and pungent: western 
 
 species. 
 •i— Sepals broadly ovate, mo.stly very obtuse or at least obtusish : flowers not densely 
 
 aggregated. 
 A. capillaris, Poir. Leaves chiefly grouped at the bas'e in fascicles upon a multicipital 
 c;iudex, 6 lines to 2^ inches long, somewhat pungent, little spreading; the cauline few pairs, 
 much reduced: stems 4 to 8 inches in height: petals obovate, considerably exceeding the 
 short obtuse sepals. — Diet. vi. 380 ; Regel, 1. c. 247. Alsine nardi folia, Anderson, Cat. 118. 
 The tyi)ical glabrous form with straight leaves is comparatively rare in America, but occa- 
 sionally occurs with var. nardifolia, Regel, 1. c. 253, which is glabrous with curved leaves 
 {A. nardifolia, Ledeb. Fl. Alt. ii. 166, & Ic. t. 6; Hook. Fl. Bor -Am. i. 98, t. 32), and the 
 more common form, var. form6sa, Regel, 1. c. 252, which has the stem and inflorescence 
 glandular (A.formosa, Fischer in DC. Prodr. i. 402; Hook. f. Arc. PI. 287, 322; I'orr. 
 Bot. Wilkes Exp. 243). — Central California to T'tah, Montana, and Brit. Columbia. (Asia.) 
 
 Var. ursina, RoBiNso>f, n. comb. Caudex more densely multicipital and bearing 
 closer fascicles or rosettes of very short filiform-linear thickish glaucous glandular-ciliolate 
 white punctate apiculate leaves (only 2 to 3 lines iu length): sepals nerveless, little exceeded 
 
Areunria. CAK V< )l'll V l.l,A( K.E. 211 
 
 h_v the wliiti- nMonj; sli^'lilly fiiiar;,'in:itf ].ot:ils. — .t. unn'mi, Holiiiinon. IV.m-. Am. A«:i.l. x.\ix. 
 2'J4.— Dry liills, IJ.ar Naili-y, San H.Tiiar<liii<. Mts.. /'.;;/>/, /!,„»., Aii(,MiMt. I«m2. Fiirtliir 
 inatcriul ot iliis variety, sciiirfd from tlio name locality in .Iniic, IH'jr>, liy >. li. I'antI,, lcavi-n 
 little doulit that it is best regarded :u-< a condensed stunted form of ,1. rajiiliarii, witli hliorti-r 
 petals. 
 
 •t- •<— Sepals ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, shorter liian the jK^tals (except 
 in -1. coni/igla, var. I'arlslilorum). 
 
 A. COmpacta, CoviLLK. Koot thick, ligneous : candex mucii hraiiched ami txariiig verv 
 
 elo.suly tufted rosulately spreading suhulate glauc<ins leaves; these not exc ling 2 lines in 
 
 length, minutely glandular, ciliale: stems shniier, an inch or more in height, simple or 
 sparingly branched, almost nakeii, the cauline leaves being few and much reduced: llowen* 
 terminal ou the branches: sepals 1.^ lines long, scarious-niargined, thickened in the middle, 
 attenuate. — Proc. Hiol. Soc. Wash. vii. 67, & ("ontrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. iv. 70, t. 5. — Cali- 
 fornia, mountains of Tulare Co., Corille ; Bloody Canon, M(jiio Co., C'on'itlnii. 
 A. COngesta, Nitt. Smooth or rarely with slight traces of a minute glandular pnberu- 
 lence : stems .-ilcnder, simple, 5 to 14 inches high, numerous, si>ringing from a matted 
 uon-ligueous caudex : Irnsal leaves erect, giamineous-.-^etaceous, 6 lines to .3 inches long, 
 ciliolate-.serrate near the base : cauline leaves rather distant, gradually reduceil : Howcn« 
 sessile in 1 to 3 dense heads (subtended by l-**everal pairs of scarious -margined l)r.icts): 
 sepals carinate, ob.scurely 3-nerved, scarious except in the middle, 2 lines long, considerably 
 exceeded by the narrowly oblong petals: stigmas not strictly cai)itate. — Nutt. in 'I'orr. & 
 Gray, Fl. i. 178; Torr. in Frem. Kep. 87; Wats. Bot. King Kxp. 39; I'orter & Coulter. KI. 
 Col. 13; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 69; Greene, Fl. Francis. 123 (excl. syn.); K. Brando- 
 gee, Zoc, ii. 161. — Kocky Mts. of Colorado and Wyoming to the Yosemite, ace. to Mrs. 
 Brandcgce, and northward to Washington, Snksrlorf. 
 
 Var. SUflrutescens, Hohinson. Caudex sometimes, perhaps always, very ligneous : 
 its branches becoming 2 to 3 lines in diameter, bearing fa.«cicle<l snbe(|nal leaves (an inch or 
 less in length) : flowers somewhat smaller (sepals l\ lines long) in cajiitate umbels: pedicels 
 slender, 2 to 3 times as long as the calyx : stigmas capitate. — I'roc. Am. Ac;ul. xxix. 295 ; 
 Biewerinn siijfnilesn^ns, Gray, I'roc. Am. Acad. viii. 620, under .1. ronffrsta ; Brew. & Wat.s. 
 Bot. Calif, i. 69; Wat.s. Bibl. Index, 95; Greene, Fl. Francis. 123. — Calif..rnia, Cisco. 
 Bo/anilcr & Kel/ogtj ; Emigrant Gap, ./ones ,• Tulare Co., Corille & Funston. A form too well 
 marked in its foliage, ligneous caudex, and alliuiit-Wke inflorescence to Ik? united with the 
 ty{)ical A. rorifjpntn, yet apj)earing to intergrade with it. One of the transitional forms has 
 been cidlected in .Sierra \'alley by Lemmon. 
 
 Vax. SUbcongesta, W.vtson. Caudex more or less ligneous, stems smooth, glandu- 
 lar- or pulveruleiit-pulpcscent, often knotted with enlarged nodes: flowers as in the type, 
 but borne in more or less expanded dichotomoi\s cymes: leaves varying greatly in length 
 and texture. — Bot. Calif, i. 69, & Bibl. Index. 454. A. FnuUeri, \ar. .iulH-oi,</,stti, Wats. 
 Bot. King Exp. 40, & I'l. "Wheeler, 6; Porter & Coulter, Fl. Col. 13; Kothr. Enum. PI. Col, 
 35. .1. Fendkri, var. ijlahrescrns, Wats. Bot. King Exp. 40, & Bibl. Index, 95, differs only 
 in its still looser inflorescence, and should doubtless be referred hither. — K<Kky Mts. of 
 Colorailo and Arizona, Xpirhfrn/, northward to Brit. America. Cypre.^s Hills, Muroiiu, and 
 Lewis Biver, D<nison (ace. to J. M. Macoun), and westwiird to Oregon, I/innll, ;\in\ Cali- 
 fornia, Sierra Co., I.fmmon, Donner Pass, Tmre;i. 
 
 Var. Kingii, Koiunson, n. comb. Habit and glandular pul>escencc as in l.H>se-rtowered 
 forms of the preceding variety : petals emarginate to deeply bifid. — .1. A i»i'/". .lones, Proc. 
 Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, v. 627.' Siflhtria Kiii'/ii, Wats. Bot. King Exp. 39. t. 6. — Mountains 
 of N. Xev.ida, Watson, to Utah. Parry, Palmrr, Junes, and Wmil (form with |H'tals merely 
 emarginate) ; fl. .July, August. 
 
 Var. macradenia, .I<inks. 1. c. 626. Glabrous or nearly .«o : rootstock more or Icsji 
 ligneous, extensively and irregularly branciied : stems stout for tlie genus, 6 to 15 inchm 
 high, knotted with the enlarged nodes: leaves chiefly cauline. glaucous, rigid, pungent, 
 6 lines to 2.\ inches hmg : flowers large, in an ojjeu cyme: sepals fleshy, sul>carinate, 2^ to 
 2} lines long, with membranous margins : jM-tals considenibly exserted. oUivato or oblong 
 with obtusish .sometimes aurided b.ases : stamineal glands nuxlenitely deveK'|>od i>tigm.i.« 
 subcapitatc. — .1. macradenia, Wats. Pr<H\ Am. Acad. xvii. 367, iu part. — S. E. Califumi*, 
 
 16 
 
242 CARYOPIIYLLACE.E. Arenaria. 
 
 Parish Bros., Olicer, Coville & Funston, Davidson; S. Utah, Parrij, Palmer; Arizona, 
 Palmer, Leiiiiiion. 
 
 Var. Parishiorum, Koni>?ox, n. comb. Smooth or minutely glandular-pubescent : 
 caudex scarcely ligneous, densely multicipital : stems slender ; nodes not conspicuously en- 
 larged : leaves chierty basal : petals narrowed at their bases, shorter than or barely equalling 
 the sepals, these fully 3 lines in length: stamiueal glands very large. — A. viacradenlu, var. 
 Parishiorum, Kobin.son, Proc. Am. Acad, xxi.x. 296. ^1. mucrudcnia, Wats. 1. c, in part. — 
 Comniou on mountains bordering the Mojave Desert, Parish Bros. 
 
 A. aculeata, Watsox. Leaves grouped chiefly in fascicles at the summits of a nmltiripital 
 caudex, decidedly glaucous, rigid and pungent and with age strongly spreading, often purple, 
 6 to 12 lines in length; cauline leaves few, shorter: stems simple up to the few-flowered 
 cymes, 4 to 6 inches high : sepals oblong-lanceolate, acute or acutish : petals rather narrow, 
 ellipticoblanceolate, obtuse, U to 2 times as long as the sepals. — Bot. King Exp. 40, & 
 Bibl. Index, 94. A. congesta, var. aculeata, Jones, 1. c. — Chiefly in mountainous di.stricts 
 from Oregon, Nevius, Cusick, Howell, to X. Nevada, Watson, S. Utah and (?) Arizona, 
 Palmer, Toumei/. 
 -t— -1— -t— Sepals laiu-eolate to lance-linear, attenuate, equalling or exceeding the petals. 
 •H- Flowers cymose, not densely aggregated. 
 
 A. Fendleri, Gr.vt. Rather pale and glaucous, finely glandular-pubescent above : stems nu- 
 mcrdus, erect, leafy, 4 to 1.5 inches liigh, closely aggregated upon the summit of a tiiick root : 
 basal leaves setaceous, gramineous, ciliolate or (juite smooth, 2 to 4 inches in lengtli, somewhat 
 pungent; thecaulinegradually shorter, connate and sheathing at the base : internodes an inch 
 or two long: inflorescence dichotomous, few -many-flowered: sepals attenuate, glandular, 
 nearly equalling the obovate white or pale yellow petals (2i to 3 lines in length) : capsule 
 commonly a fourth shorter. — PI. Fendl. 13; Torr. Pacif. K. Kep. iv. 69; Wats. Bot. King 
 Exp. 40, exclusive of var. (jiahresrens ; Porter & Coulter, Fl. Col. 13. — Chiefly in the l^x'ky 
 Mts., but sometimes among the sage-brush of the plains, Nebraska, Engelmann ; Wyoming, 
 Nelson; and Colorado to New Mexico, G. R. Vasey ; San Francisco Mts., Arizona, Lemmon; 
 Los Angeles, Calif., Nevin. The var. diffusa. Porter & Coulter (Fl. Col. 13), is a greener 
 form from the Rocky Mts. of Colorado and Wyoming, with a more lax and spreading inflo- 
 rescence and often although not always larger flowers. It intergrades with the type so that 
 in the herbarium specimens at least its separation is often unsatisfactory. Another form, 
 collected by Prof. Porter in the Garden of the Gods, has very small flowers (sepals IJ to 1-J- 
 lines in length) upon curved and spreading branches. 
 
 ++ ++ Flowers densely fascicled at the summit of the stem. 
 
 A. Franklinii, Dougl. Caudex of numerous procumbent more or less elongated branches, 
 covered with somewhat persistent dried leaves: stems quite smooth, erect, simple, 3 to 5 
 inches high, somewhat rigid but fragile, bearing 3 to 6 pairs of narrowly subulate pungent 
 spreading smooth or ciliolate and minutely scabrous leaves (5 to 9 lines long) : cymes den.se, 
 sub-involucrate : sepals elongated, attenuate, pungent with slightly spreading tips, 1-nerved, 
 4 to 6 lines long, distinctly exceeding the petals. — Dougl in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 101, t. 35 ; 
 Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 178; Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 244. — Sandy soil, Oregon, Douglas, 
 Li/all, Howell, Nevius, Cusick; Washington, Suksdorf; Idaho, ^^iss Mulford. Specimens 
 collected by Douglas at source of the Missouri may well have been the next species. 
 
 A. Hookeri, Nltt. Caudex densely multicipital: stems 1 to 4 inches high, pubescent : 
 leaves shorter than in the last : flowers smaller and petals about equalling or slightly exceed- 
 ing the .sepals. — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 178. .1. Franklinii, var. minor. Hook. & Arn. 
 Bot. Beech. 326 ; Wats. Bibl. Index, 9.5; Coulter, Man. Rocky Mt. Reg. 35. A. Franklinii, 
 Engelm. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. n. ser. xii. 186 ; Coulter, 1. c, in great part ; Hook. f. & Jack- 
 son, Index Kew. i. 179, in part. A. pungens, Webber, Cat. Fl. Neb. 1 14. — Nebraska, Ryd- 
 herg, Webber; Rocky Mts., lat. 40°, Nutfall ; Colorado, Vasey, Crandall ; Wyoming, Hay- 
 den, Parry, Porter, Greene, Sheldon, Nelson ; ])lainsof Green River, (rray ; Montana, Tweedy. 
 This species with much the habit of the preceding differs in its much denser caudex and 
 constantly pubescent stem, as well as in the distinctions indicated. The stem is terete even 
 in a dried state, while the stems of A. Franklinii in drying become furrowed and augulate, 
 as though .slightly fleshy. 
 
Arenaria. CAi;V( (I'll VI.I,A( K-K. 21^ 
 
 §5. Ai.siNi., Pxiitli. iV; Ilimk. (':i|isiilf ovoiil, .'5-v:iIv(«l ; v.ilvcK fiitiri' ; seeds 
 not strupliiolHtc : iiiatlcil |K'n-iiiiialH ur ilc-lii-att- aiiiiiials. UMially witli narrow 
 linear subulate or aeerose li-aves. — (Jen. i. 1.jO. AIsi'ik; Walili-iil). Fl. Lapji. ]'2~ ; 
 Fenzl in LciUb. Fl. Ko.vs. i. .'Ml; Pax in Fii;,'l. cV I'raiitl, Nat. P(Iaiiz.-nf. iii. 
 Ab. lb, H2. 
 
 ♦ Paliistriiie iM-rcniiial witli weak (•l..iif;:iif.l stciiiH iiarnnv linear or laii<cliiu-;ii l.-avt-it ami 
 axillary lunt^-pedinuleil Howltm. 
 
 A. paludicola, K«>iiins<>n. (;lal)ruus, llariid : stems M-vcral, Hiil..'.iiii|ilc, ]ir<MUiiilK'iit, TtM>t- 
 iiiiX at tlic lipwcr j'liiitx, suk-ati-, shining, leafy tliri>ii;^lnmt ; U-a\e.H niiiform. flat, l-iiervc<l, 
 aiule, spreatliiij;, 'J liiii'S to 1 A iiiclifs loiifj, I tu .'} lines in hreadlli, often |tunt-tate, Hornrwliut 
 connate, sli<;litly siabrous upon the margins: iicduncles solitary in the axiln, I to 2 itu-lu-H 
 long, spreading or somewhat defiexcd : sepals nerveless, not at all indunite<l, acntish, alxtul 
 half the length of the ohovale jietals. — I'roe. Am. Acail. xxix. 298. .1. futlusiris, Wati*. 
 IJot. Calif, i. 70, & Hihl. Index, UT ; (ireene, Fl. Francis. 124 ; K. Hramlegee, Z.h-, ii. :u\ ; 
 not (i ay. Alsine piiliislris, Kellogg, I'roc. Calif. Acad. Sci. iii. Gl. — Almmlant in Hwamps, 
 California, about Fort Point near San Francisco, Bolmuler, Kelltfjf/ & Unrfurd : Sjui 
 Pernardino, Parish Bros. ; Washington, near Tacoma, Flett, according to PijMjr ; H. May to 
 August. 
 
 * * Terrestrial annuals of the .Atlantic Slope and Alleghany Mts., rarely extending to the 
 interior in the Southern States, es.sentially glalirous : sejjal.s obtuse, soft in texture, warcely 
 or nut at all nerved. 
 
 A. GrcBnlandica, Sprkng. Somewhat fleshy : root at first simple, later of many delicate 
 fibres: stems few to many, decumbent or erect, subsimjile, 2 to 8 inches long, l)earing I to 
 5 flowers: leaves linear, obtn.se, U to 7 lines long, at first in a dense more or less rosulate 
 clu.ster at the base; the cauline 2 to 4 jiairs : sepals broa<lly ovate, I^ to 2 lines in length: 
 petals obovate, about twice as long, entire or notched : capsule subglobo.se to oblong, more 
 or less contracted to a point. — Syst. ii. 402; Torr. & (Jray, Fl. i. 180; Torr. Kl. N. Y. i. y.'i, 
 t. 15; Robin.<ion, Proc. Am. Acad. xxix. 298, 328. A. ijlabru, Torr. Fl. N. & Midd. Sutes. 
 455; Bigel. J"l. Bo.st. ed. 2, 180; not Michx. Alsine Grfmlandica, Gray, Man. ed. 2,58. 
 Sullariu Gnrnlaudira, Ketz. Fl. Scand. eil. 2, 107; Fl. Dan. t. 1210. ? >". lAd,r»d„r„„, 
 Schrank, Pfl. Lab. 24; Meyer, PI. Lab. 9;i. —Pocky soil, chiefly but not always at higher 
 altituiles, Greenland to the mountains of Maine, and even reaching the coiist at Path, (, um- 
 bel, and Bar Harbor, linnd ; also found at Middletown, Conn., OslH.ni, \\'ri<jltt ; l.K-ally 
 almndant in the White, Green, Adirondack, Catskill, and Shawangiink Mts. ; al.s-> found on 
 the Kittatinny Mts. of N. W. Xcw Jersey, Britton : in the mountains of rennsylvania (ace. 
 to I'orter) ; of S Virginia, Smnll & Ililjer: and in X. Carolina, SukiII, where it had pjuv^ed 
 as a form of ,1. f/lahra, Michx., having been previously cidlected on Hoan Mt. !>y d'rai/ & 
 Carpi), Smith, and Scrihiur ; tt. June to September. The autumnal flowers are usually 
 smaller than the earlier ones. 
 
 A. glabra Mirnx. Glabrous, loosely matted, many-stemmed : stems weak, slender, sub- 
 ercct. verv leafy, t> to 12 inches high : leaves narrowly linear, spreading, thin. n<rvelo8S, equal- 
 ling orexceeiliiig the internodes: peduncles filiform, elongated, sjireading, lflowere<l : corolla 
 rather broad, considerably exceeding the calyx: sej)als ovate-oblong, obtuse, nerveless, 1^ 
 lines in length, somewhat exceeded by the ovoid capsule. — Fl. i 274 ; Torr. & (Iray. Fl. i. 
 180, in part. Alslut- fjlnhrn, (iray. M.in. ed. 2, 58 ; Chapm. Fl. 49 — On rwks in mounUins 
 of X. Carolina, .l//V//«i/.r, Table Slonntain, (hnii: S. Carolina. Table Pock, r<i«<.v : <ieorgin. 
 Stone Mt , (iriui, l)e K:»lb Co., Smnll; also apparently the s;ime in the Arroyo of IjimU-n. 
 near the Mexican boundary, f'nrrif. 
 
 A. brevifolia, XtxT. Glabrous: stems erect, tilifMnn. 2 to 5 inches high, with spreading 
 branches: leaves linear or lance linear, obtuse, nerveless, slightly fleshy. 1 to 4 lin«-s long, 
 comm'onlv much shorter than the inn-modes: sepals ovnte-oblong. ol.tuw. only a line in 
 length, with a distinct thin white margin : jM-tals rather conspicuou.*. oln-xute. 2j t.» 3i lines 
 in length, widely spreading: capsule ovoid, acuminate, a thini longer than the calyx ; valven 
 ovate, acuminately narrowed almost to the tip. — Xutt. in Torr. i Gray, Fl. i. ISO. AUnn- 
 
244 CARYOPHYLLACE^. Arenaria. 
 
 brevifolia, Chapm. Fl. 49. — On rocks, Georgia, Tatnall Co., Niittall, Stone Mountain, Canby, 
 Gray, Small ; fl. April, May. Apparently the most rare and local eastern species. 
 
 * * * Terrestrial annuals of the Tatific Slope : sepals neither imiurated nor very strongly 
 
 nerved. 
 
 •1— Seeds much flattened and margined. 
 
 A. Douglasii, Fexzl. Thinly glandular-])uhescent and somewhat viscid, or nearly gla- 
 hrous : stems much branched, 2 to 15 inches high: leaves attenuate to filiform points: pe- 
 duncles filiform : flowers numerous, larger than in the related species, 4 to 5 lines in diameter : 
 sepals ovate, thin-margined, obscurely or more or less distinctly ribbed : petals obovate, con- 
 spicuous : capsule subglobt)se ; valves rounded at tlie apex ; seeds large, smooth, or with 
 fine radiating striation, reniform, broadly margined. — Fenzl ace. to Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 
 674; Durand, Fl. Pratt. 83; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 69; Greene, Fl. Francis. 124. A. 
 vermi, $, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 325. Grcniera DoikjUisH, Gay, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. .3, 
 iv. 27. Alsine tenella, Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 36 (from char, and hah.). — Barren hillsides 
 and grassy slopes, S. Arizona, Palmer, and S. California to Oregon, Howell, Henderson ; fl. 
 May, June. Some smaller flowered specimens with seeds of A. Douglasii have been collected 
 by Thurher near San Diego, Calif. 
 
 -4— -1— Seeds not flattened nor thin-margined. 
 
 A. Ho"Wellii, Watson. Finely glandular-pubescent : stem terete, purple, profusely branched, 
 more tlian a foot high: leaves rather tliick, obtuse, 4 to 7 lines in length; the floral much 
 reduced : flowers 2^ to 3 lines in diameter : petals oi)]ong, little exceeding the ovate glandu- 
 lar nerveless sepals : capsule ovoid, pointed ; valves narrowed to an acutish apex ; seeds 
 dark, slightly tuberculate- crested. — Proc. Am. Acad. xx. 354. — Oregon, in the Coast 
 Mts., near Waldo, Th. Howell, June 5, 1884. 
 
 A. Californica, Brewer. Smooth, with delicate filiform stems branching from the base, 
 erect, 2 to 4 inches in lieight: leaves very short, slightly fleshy, 1 to 2 lines in length, obtuse : 
 flowers 4 lines in diameter : petals oblong, about twice the length of the ovate-oblong nerve- 
 less or inconspicuously ribbed sepals: seeds small, flnely roughened. — Brewer in Boland. 
 Cat. 6; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 69 ; Greene, Fl. Francis. 124. A. brevifolia, var. (?) 
 Californicii, Gray, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. iii. 101. — Dry hills, sandy soil. Central California 
 to Grant's Pass, Oregon, Howell ; fl. March to May. 
 
 A. pusilla, Watson. Smooth, very diminutive, 1^ to 2 inches high : stems purplish, fili- 
 form, branched from the base : leaves obtusish, only 1 to 2 lines in length : sepals not so 
 strongly nerved as in the preceding, 1 to 1:| lines in length: petals minute or wanting: 
 seeds minute, smooth. — Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 367. A. Californica, Wats. Bot. Calif, ii. 
 435, not Brew. — Plains, N. California, about Yreka, Greene, to the Dalles of the Columbia, 
 Howell Bios. ; Washington, at White Salmon, Suksdorf and Pullman, Piper, wliere said to 
 be common along fences, etc. ; fl. April, May. This species bears the closest habital resem- 
 blance to A. capillipes, Boi.ss., of Spain, but lacks the minute pulverulence of that species. 
 
 * * * * Annuals or slender-stemmed loosely matted perennials, 5 to 15 inches in height: 
 sepals lanceolate, acuminate or attenuate, strongly 3-5-nerved. 
 
 ■i— Puberulent, at least on the pedicels. 
 
 A. tenella, Nutt. Finely glandular-pube.scent : stems very slender, dichotomously branched 
 almost from the base, 3 to 8 inches in height : leaves attenuate from a connate ])rominently 
 ribl)ed base to a filiform often curved apex, 3 to 5 lines long ; the uppermost considerably 
 reduced : pedicels filiform, several times as long as the strongly 3-ribbed sepals ; the latter 
 equalled or more or less exceeded by the oblong petals : valves of ovoid capsule exceeding 
 the sepals ; seeds small, margined with a fine muriculate crest (under a strong lens). — 
 Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 179; Eaton & Wright, N. A. Bot. 133 (excl. Arkansas spec.) ; 
 Macoun, Bot. Gaz. xvi. 286 ; not Kit., which is wholly obscure. A. tenuifolia, var. Americana, 
 Fenzl in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 674. Greniera tenella. Gay, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, iv. 27. 
 Alsine tenella, Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 243. — Rocky places, Oregon, Nuttall, Tolihie, Hall, 
 Howell, to Brit. Columbia, at Kandoops, ace. to J. M. Macoun, and Nanaimo, Miss Cooley; 
 fl. May to July. Like ^-l. Grmnlandira of the Eastern States, this species seems to occur 
 either in mats or in a segregated state. In the former condition it considerably resembles 
 
Areriarla. CAKVolM 1 VLI.ACK.K. 245 
 
 A. .s7^/c^^Mic•llx., Itiit is to bo (liHtinfi^uit«ho(l liy itMHinnll flowcrn nnd pulierulerit iiiHoreiMfiuf. 
 Tlif hal.itallv idcutiial A. Uiiiiif«li,t, L., tif tliu ( »1<1 Worhl, liiw r]\«ru-T \a-VaU and intirr 
 slemltT (•a])Sulo.s, distiiK-lions wliiili arc iiom- ion Htron;;. 
 
 A. patula, Mkiix. Stems diffu.sily liraiiclied, 2 iiitlics to a fin.t in hi-i^lit, oftt-ii aliiioftt 
 filifunii : leaves njireading, sliijlitlv Hesliy : iuHoresrciue diiliotoinoUM ; pedicelM tllifainn, 
 spreailing : sepals lancenlate, attenuate, with 3 to 5 prominent eonverging nerven, sliKlitly 
 indurated, a little over 2 lines in lenj^lh, usually minutely glandular: jwtal.H twi.e as long, 
 entire <>r retuse, <il>ii>rdate: the obtuse vahes <>f the capsule ahout equalling the ealyx ; 
 seeds iilaik, minutely roughened. — Fl. i. U7.I ; 'lOrr. & (iray, Fl. i. 180; (iray, Man. ed. .'», 
 91 ; Hill, Hull. Torr-Cluh, xvii. 172 ; MacMillan. H..t. Gaz. xv. 3:»2. A. J'itrlirri, Nutt.. ajid 
 ? ^1. tentlla, Nutt. 1. c. 180, so far iis Arkan.>ias jihints are (.oncernod. Altinr mimnjurmn, 
 Fenzl, 1. c. .1. //(i<h/(», Cray, .Man. ed. 2,58; Chajim. Fl. 49. A. Pitrlinl, W.mmI, CIjuw- 
 Bock, ed. of 1861, 260; Cliapm. Fl. ed. 2, 608. Slillaria macro/,. i„la, Tvtt. & (Jniy, Fl. 
 i. 184 {Alsiiie miicioi>el(il<i, tiray. Gen. 111. ii. .34), differing only in the slightly more deeply 
 divideil petals, which arc themselves more or less varialde, must he referred here, where itH 
 identity of hahit and caly.v clearly indicates its affinity to he. — Kentucky to Florida (ace. 
 to Chapman); Alahama, I'etirs, Mohr ; 'lexirn, Dnimnwufl, Mryir, liurklei/ ; and Indian 
 Terr., Carleton (ace. to liolzinger), northward to Chicago, linhiurk. Hill, and Cuss Co., 
 MiuDe.sota (ace. to MacMillan) ; H. April to July. The leave.s of this species are variable, 
 more often narrowly linear or filiform, 4 to 7 lines in length, but occasionally I J inches long 
 and a line wide. 
 
 -1— -»— Glabrous. 
 
 A. stricta, Mimx. Smooth, loosely matted .- stems numerous, slender, ascending, 3 to 15 
 inches high, leafy nearly to the middle : leaves subulate .setaceous, conspicuously fascicled 
 in the axils : inflorescence a loosely forked cynnwe paniile : petals narrowly obovate, nearly 
 twice the length of the soniewhat rigid acuminate jtrominently 3-ril)l>ed sepals : c:ipsiilo 
 about eciualling or exceeding the calyx. — Fl. i. 274 ; V.W. Sk. i. 521 ; His)k. F'l. Bor.-Am. i. 
 09, t. 33 (including i)oth var. a, a weak boreal few-flowered form with erect leaves, and 
 var. 3, the common form with spreading leaves); Torr. & (iray, Fl. i. 179 (at lea.st var. 
 /3) ; Hritton, Mem. Torr. Club, ii. 37. 1 A. setacen, Muhl. Trans. Am. I'hil. Soc. iii. 169. 
 ,1. Mlrbaurii, Hook. f. Arc. PI. 287, 322. Alslne MIchmtxii, Fenzl, Verbreit. Alsin. 18; 
 Hegel, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xxxv. 232. t. 8, f. 1-5. — R<M-ky and gravelly soil, Vermout to 
 S. Carolina, westward to the Black Hills, lii/dbeiy (lax form), and (ace. to J. M. Macoun) to 
 the Hocky Mts. f)f Brit. America ; fl. May to July. 
 
 Var. Texana, Bonixsox. More rigid : stems fewer, 3 to 7 inches high, strongly 
 enlarged at tlie nodes: leaves very short, consi)icuously connate; the fiLscicled ones only 1 
 to 2 lines long: flowers in a small rather dense cyme: sepals almost cartilaginous, very 
 strongly 3-nerved, appearing attenuate through the infolding of their margins. — Troc. Am. 
 Acad. xxix. 302. ^ A.stricia, var. a, Torr. & (Jray, F'l. i. 179. — Kocky Hill.s, Texaj<, (iurdon, 
 Iii</el<iii\ /fall, lieveichon; Arkausas, Leavenworth ; Indian Terr., Palmer: Kansas*, ^miflhe : 
 and S. W . Missouri, lilnnk-inship. A specimen from I'otosi, Mo., coll. by /'. J'tck; exactly 
 connects this variety with the type. 
 
 * * «: «c * Perennials, closely matted or tufted, 1 to 6 inches in height : sepals acuminate, 
 but not strongly nerveil except in .1. lerua. 
 
 A. verna, L. Rather closely tufte<l : stems numerous, slender, a.scending or erect, 8m(M)th, 
 1 to 5 inches higii, l-3(or morej-flowered ; the upper interno<les commonly much excec«ling 
 the leaves: leaves linear-subulate, flat, rather strongly 3-nerved, usually erect and never 
 squarrose : peduncles filiform: sepals ovate-oblong, acutish to acuminate, strongly 3-ner*e«l, 
 1^ to 1} lines long, exceeding the obovate or oblanceolate obtusish jKtals : capsule .Homeuhat 
 8ur|>a,ssing the calyx. — Mant. i. 72 ; Seringc in DC. I'nxlr. i. 405; Hook. Fl Bor.-.\m. i. 
 99; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 181. A.juniperiwi, Pursh, Fl. i. 318; H.M)k Fl Bor.-Am. i. 98 ; 
 Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 179, 674. Alsine verwi, Bartl. Beitr. ii. 63. — A wi.lely distributcnl 
 festival rather than vernal species (fl. June to Augu,st) with numerous but ill-defined vari- 
 eties. The smooth tyj)ical form appears to be common in the Bixky Mts of Brit. .Nmerira, 
 MnroHH, and extends even as far southward as Ci'lorado, H'l'V & l\i>thio<l-. I( liao bc«U 
 found on Mt. Albert, l..ower Canada, Alltit. A far more frequent form ia 
 
246 CARYOrHYLLACE.E. Arenaria. 
 
 Var. hirta, Watson. Finely glaudular-pubenileut upon the steins, peduncles, and 
 calyx : leaves nearly or quite smooth. — Bot. King Kxp. 41 ; Torter & Coulter, Fl. Col. 14; 
 Kothr. Enum. PI. Col. 35. ^1. hirta, Wormsk. Fl. Dan. t. 1646. A. propinqua, Richards, in 
 Frankl. 1st Jouru. ed. i. 738 (reprint, p. 10). Alsine verna, var, hirta, Feuzl in Ledeb. Fl. 
 Ross. i. 349. ^1. rubella, var. Itirla, Lange, PI. Green. 132. A. propiiupia, Lange, Fl. Dan. 
 t. 2903. A. hirta, Warming, Bot. Foren. Festskr. 1890, 229. — From Greenland to Alaska, 
 southward to Smugglers' Notcii, Vt., Primjle, Egylfston, and along the Rocky Mts. to 
 Arizona, Af/HWK»/i ,• also in tlie San Bernardino Mts., W. (!. Wright. 
 
 Var. rubella, Hook. f. Depauperate, minutely glandular-puberulent or very rarely 
 smooth : peduncles and sepals purplish tinged, tiie latter less strongly nerved. — Jour. 
 Linn. Soc. v. 82. A. Giesekii, Hornem. Fl. Dan. t. 1.518. A. hirta, var. glabrata, Cham. & 
 Schlecht. Linnaea, i. 56. Alsine rubella, Schrenk in Feuzl, 1. c. A. verna, var. glacialis, 
 Fenzl fide Wats. Bibl. Index, 99. — Occurring witli and often scarcely to be distinguished 
 from the preceding. 
 
 A. Rossii, RicHARDSoy, 1. c. Dwarf and closely tufted, glabrous : leaves crowded, narrowly 
 linear, 3-t(lii;ed, obtusish, slightly tie.sliy : stems many, 6 lines to 1^ inches long, filiform, 
 usually ending in a solitary peduncle, more rarely branched and several-flowered : sepals 
 less attenuate than in the last, slightly fleshy, not at all rigid and scarcely or not at all 
 ribbed, 1 to 1^ lines long: petals oblong, nearly equalling the calyx, often minute or none : 
 capsule shorter than tiie calyx. — R. Br. in Parry, 1st Voy. App. 272; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 
 i. 100 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 181; Porter & Coulter, Fl. Col. 14. .4. elegaim, Cham. & Schledit. 
 Linnaea, i. 57. A. stricta, Wats. Bibl. Index, 98, in part, not of Michaux, nor Wahlenherg's 
 Alsine stricta of the Old World, which is surely distinct. Alsine Rossii, Fenzl, Verbreit. 
 Alsin. 18. — Mountains of Colorado, /fa// & Harbour, Coulter, Wolf; Wyoming, Parry; 
 1 S. Brit. America, Bourgpnu, to Arctic America. A doubtful species not very satisfactorily 
 separable from forms of the preceding. 
 
 A. Nuttalli, Pax. Glandular-puberulent or tomentulose throughout : root single, vertical, 
 rather stout : stems many, loosely matted and much branched near the base ; branches 
 ascending or erect, leafy : leaves subulate-acerose, rigid, pungent, tending to be squarrosely 
 spreading, connate, 3 to 4 lines long : flowers usually numerous in spreading cymes, rarely 
 subsolitary : sepals attenuate, acuminate, often purplish, not strongly nerved, 2 to 2i lines 
 long, exceeding the more or less pointed petals and ovoid capsule. — Pax in Engl. Jahrb. 
 xviii. 30. .4. j9M?)|7ens, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 179; Wats. Bot. King Exp. 40; not 
 Clem. A. Nuttallii, var. gracilipes, Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, v. 626, from speci- 
 mens cited, does not appear to differ materially from Nuttall's type. — Mountainous 
 regions, S. Brit. Columbia to S. California, and eastward to Utali and Wyoming ; fl. June 
 to August. 
 
 Var. gracilis, Robinson. Sepals narrow, elongated and still more attenuate, 2i to 
 3 lines long : leaves less rigid, scarcely spreading or pungent. — Proc. Am. Acad. xxix. 304. 
 A. pnngcns, var. gracilis. Gray in herb. ; Vasey & Rose, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. i. 6. — 
 California, mountains above Big Tree Grove, Bolander, Long Meadow, Tulare Co., Palmer, 
 Coville & Funston. Intergrading with the typical form. 
 
 ****** Densely cespitose perennials witii acicular or awl-shaped leaves: sepals 
 oblong or linear-oblong, very obtuse. 
 
 -1— Alpine, boreal, or arctic species. 
 ++ Petals oblong or narrowly obovate. 
 
 A. Sajanensis, Willd. Cespitose : stems finely but rather densely glandular-hirsute, 
 decunibeut, very leafy below and with age sheathed at the base with the dried persistent 
 leaves ; the ujtper more or less erect portion of the stems 6 lines to 2^ inches in length, 
 bearing two or three pairs of short and rather distant more or less pubcrulent leaves, and 
 terminating in 1 to 3 flowers ; lower leaves linear, obtusish, rather rigid, erect, 2 to 3| lines 
 long, quite glabrous or ciliolate, less commonly glandular-pubescent, straight : segments of 
 the calyx linear oblong, 1-3-ribbed, glandular-pubescent, 2 lines in length : petals .«patulate, 
 equalling or half exceeding the sepals, rarely almost twice as long (Init narrower than in 
 A. arctira) : valves of the capsule linear-oblong, obtuse, often considerably exceeding the 
 calyx. — Willd. in Schlecht. Berl. Gesell. Nat. Fr. Mag. vii (1816), 200; J)C. Prodr. i. 408. 
 
Siujina. C Ai;V()l'IIVIJ.A('i:.E. 247 
 
 A. t/ii/mi/olia, James, Cat. 181. A. ohtusa, Torr. Ann. \. Y. Lvr. ii. 170. .1. biflora, Wato. 
 Bibl. Inde.\, 94, not L. .1. urcticu, and vars. of variuu.s autlicrs not Stev. SiffUiriu bijimti, 
 L. Spec. i. 422. Alsine bijiora, Walilenb. FL Lapp. 128; Fi-nzl in I.eilel>. Fl. How*. i.a.-iS.— 
 Mt. Alhert, Lower Canada, Alltn, Mucvun, to Labrador and Ik-ring Strait, southward to 
 Oregon, Cusivk, and along tlie Ko<ky Mt.x. to New .Me.xiro. r,„r,i, and Arizona, I.emmnn. 
 ((Jreenhind, Siberia.) A loinnion specie.s widely dintriliuted in alpine and antic regions of 
 the Old and New World ; H. .July, August. Of its numerous and eontluent fornm, seemingly 
 due to iudividual environment, the following only need bo mentioned: var. Ki<.fi>L-|.A, 
 Kobiuson (Troe. Am. Aeud. xxi.x. 305 ; Alsine bijiuru, var. riyidida, Fenzl,l.c.), with leaves 
 erect, firm in te.xture and rather closely imbricated; and var. CAiiNcOsti-A, Hobiuson, 1. c, 
 {Alsine bijioni, var. ainwsula, Feuzl, 1. c), more Haccid, with leaves spreading and slightly 
 fleshy. 
 
 A. laricifolia, L.? Slightly woody and much branched at the bai*e : stems clothed with 
 linear acicular sccund ciliolate-ilenticulate leaves: fertile branches erect, simple, 4 to 7 
 in( hes in height, 2-3-Howered : sepals 3^ lines in lengtli, linear-oblong, ."J-nerved : jK-tals 
 oblong or narrowly obovate, entire, twice as long as tiie calyx. — Spec. i. 424. — An aljiine 
 European species at various times reported from Alaska, but still .somewhat doubtful. I'lants 
 collected upon the rorcui)ine Kiver by J. II. Turner certainly |)o.s.se.s8 much re.semblance to 
 the Europeau plant, but differ in their .shorter sepals and less leafy stems. It is not unlikely 
 that they may prove merely a tall aud long-petalled form of the preceding polymorphous 
 species. 
 
 ++ ++ Petals broadly obovate, much exceeding the calyx : Alaskan. 
 
 A. arctica, Stev. Stems 1 to 3 inches long, glandular-pubescent: lower leaves narrow, 
 linear, obtuse, slightly fleshy, crowded upon the bases of the stems, nearly or (juite glabrous, 
 sometimes slightly ciliate<l near the base, half a line in breadth ; n|iper leaves a little l)road<'r ; 
 pairs rather distant: flowers solitary, terminal ujion slender glandular-pubescent pedun- 
 cles, 5 to 7 lines in diameter: capsule 3i to 4 lines long, consideraldy exceeding the sepals : 
 seeds minutely roughened and slightly crested. — Stev. in DC. I'rodr. i. 404; Cham. & 
 Schlecht. Linniea, i. 54; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Ara. i. 100 (exd. vars.) ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 181, in 
 part. Alsine arctica, Fenzl, Verbreit. Alsin. 18, & iu Ledeb. Fl. Ross. i. 355; Rcgel, Bull. 
 Soc. Nat. Mosc. xxxv. 219, 227 (excl. var. breviscapa). — W. aud N. Alaska aud adjacent 
 islands. 
 
 A. macrocarpa, PtRsn. Stems 2 to 4 inches long, covered except near the ends with the 
 deiisclv imbricated lance-linear obtuse conspicuously ciliated leaves; the.se three fourths line 
 broad: flowers solitary, terminal, often exceeding half inch in diameter: valves of the 
 mature capsule fully 6 lines in length; seeds slightly margined. — Fl. i. 318; Cham. & 
 Schlecht. 1. c. 55; Hook. 1. c. 101 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 182, 675. .1. nrrtira, var. /3 fjrandi- 
 Jlorn, Hook. 1. c. 100, t. 34, f. B. Ahine macrocarpa, Fenzl, Verbreit. Alsin. 18; Hegel, 1. c. 
 235, t. 8, f. 6-9; .1. arrticn, var. brpriscai>a, Kegel, 1. c. 228. — W. Alaska near the co:ust. 
 (Siberia.) Hegel's elaborate subdivision of the Siberian forms of this species is not war- 
 ranted in America ii. the absence of abundant fruiting material. 
 
 H_ ^_ Species of the Atlantic and Gulf States, neither arctic nor alpine. 
 
 A. Caroliniana, Wai.t. Stems several to many, glandular-])nbe.scent an<l viscid al>ove, 
 3 to 8 inches in height, densely leafy near the ba.sc : leaves lincar-sulmliite, rigidulons, 
 pungent, triangular in section, channelled above; the lower imbricate.! and more or less 
 ijquarroselv spreading: the upper reduced, di.stant : cymes few-flowered; pedicels slen«ler, 
 ascen.ling": sepals oval, li lines in length: petals broad, nmnded at the apex. — Car. Ml ; 
 Wats. & Coulter in Grav, Man. ed. 6. 85. .1. .s7.Mrr0.sv,. Michx. Fl. i. 273; Ell. Sk. i. 520; 
 Torr. Fl. N. Y. i. 95. A. imbricala, Raf. Med. Rep. hex. 2. v. 361, & in Desv. Jour. H<.t. i. 
 220 (1808). A. Rnfinesquinnn, Seriiige in DC. Pro.lr. i. 409. Ahine squarrosa, Fenzl in 
 Grav. Man. ed. 2. 57 ; Gray. Gen. 111. ii. 34, t. Ill ; Chapm. Fl. 49. — Pine barrens, S. New 
 York to Florida : fl. Jiiiie! .Fnly. 
 13. SAGlNA. L. l'r..\Ki.W(.i!T. (Name from the Latin .<m/»»'/r»'. to f:it(cu; 
 
 the plants thoiiiih small ami (Itlicat.' soimtimcs <;ro\v ahumlaiitly in otlu-rwi.^o 
 
 barren regions and are grazed by sheep.) — Low slender herbs commonly ccspitoso 
 
248 CARYOPHYLLACEiE. Safflna. 
 
 with filiform stems and subulate or filiform leaves. — Syst. Nat, ed. 1, & Gen. no. 
 336; DC. Prodr. i. 389 ; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. v. t. 200, 201 ; Gray, Gen. 
 111. ii. 29, t. 109. — About a dozen species (chiefly of the temperate and frigid 
 parts of the northern hemisphere) in much need of a general revision, the iden- 
 tity and distinctness of several Old World species being so doubtful that it is 
 impossible to correlate with them the common forms of America. 
 
 * Very slender, 2 to 5 inches high : the ahnost capilhiry steins several to many, subsimjjle 
 from near tlie l)ase, usually several-flowered ; the lowest flowers distinctly axillary : leaves 
 nearly filiform but flattened above, not proliferous in the upper axils nor forming sterile 
 rosettes ; the basal rosette seldom persisting : flowers small, 4-5-parted. 
 
 S. apetala, Ard. Commonly glandular-pubescent: stems not numerous, ascending or 
 nearly erect; leaves 1^ to 3 or 4 lines in length, scarcely flat: pedicels straight: flowers 
 normally 4-parted : petals minute and obovate or more often altogether wanting. — Animad. 
 Alt. 22, t. 8; L. Mant. ii. .559 ; Fenzl in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. i. 338; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 177; 
 Reichenb. 1. c. t. 200. S. procumbeiis, var., Benth. Brit. Fl. 120. — Middle Atlantic States 
 near the coast and doubtfully indigenous ; Amherst, Mass., Jesitji, to E. Pennsylvania, Porter, 
 New Jersey, C. E. Smith, and formerly near Washington, 1).C. (ace. to Ward). A form 
 with elongated capillary steins is abundant in grassy situations near Hewitt's, Bergen Co., 
 N. J., Britton; also at Berkeley, Calif., Blankiuship. Specimens from Labrador, coll. Allen, 
 referred to S. apetala, are probably only a stunted form of 5. prncumbetis. Var. nAKitAxA, 
 Fenzl (in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. i. 338), with leaves distinctly ciliated at the base, has been found 
 (probably introduced) at Auburn, California, Mrs. Ames. Alsinella ciliata, Greene, from 
 near lone, Calif., which is ambiguously characterized in the Fl. Francis. 126, as a very 
 slender and diffuse plant of compact habit, does not differ in its described characters from 
 this. (Eu., Asia, &c.) 
 
 S. decumbens, Torr. & Gray. Annual, quite smooth or with the younger parts slightly 
 glandular : stems .several, decumbent or sub-erect, 2 to 5 inches high, subsimple : the filiform 
 straight peduncles exceeding the narrowly linear very acute leaves : flowers normally 5- 
 parted: calyx appressed even in fruit, obtusish but not rounded at the base, two tiiirds the 
 length of the valves of the capsule : petals (sometimes only 1 to 3 and rudimentary) scarcely 
 equalling the sepals: stamens 3 to 10. — Fl. i. 177. ^. procumbens, Pursh, Fl. i. 119. 
 5. Elliottii, Fenzl in Gray, Man. ed. 2, 61. S. subulafa, Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 178, not Wimm. 
 ? Spergula nodosa, Walt. Car. 142. <S\ saginoides, Michx. Fl. i. 276, not L. S. decumbens. 
 Ell. sic. i. 523, S. subulata. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 93. — Dry sandy ground. New England 
 to Great Plains of Brit. America, Macoun, southward to Florida and Texas ; fl. March to 
 June. Var. S.MfTHii, Watson (Bibl. Index, 105; Wats. & Coulter in Gray, Man. ed. 6, 89; 
 S. subulata, var. Smithii, Gray, Man. ed. 5, 95), is a more slender nearly or quite apetalous 
 form, found in the neighborhood of Philadelphia, C. E. Smith, Camden, Parker, liichmond 
 Co., N. Y. (ace. to Hollick & Britton), S. E. Kentucky (ace. to Kearney), and probably else- 
 where with and poorly di.stinguished from the type. 
 
 S. OCCidentalis, Watson. Annual, glabrous, with habit and foliage of the preceding 
 species, but with longer pedicels (usually 7 to 10 or 12 lines in length) and larger also 
 5-parted flowers : capsule If lines in length : calyx rounded at the base. — Proc. Am. Acad, 
 X. 344. S. procumbevs, Boland. Cat. 6 ; and perhaps Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 242. aS. Lin- 
 na'i. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 378. Alsinella occidentalis, Greene, Fl. Francis. 125. — Low 
 grounds and salt marshes of the coast, Vancouver Lsl. to S. California; common; fl. spring. 
 The western equivalent of S. decumbens and possibly intergrading with that species. 
 
 * * Flowering stems of lateral origin, spreading, 1 to 6 inches in length, procumbent ; the 
 unprolonged terminal axis bearing, close to the ground, a more or less persistent tuft or 
 rosette of leaves : flowers normally 4-parted. 
 
 S. procumbens, L. Matted: the numerous procumbent leafy stems H to 4 inches in 
 length : leaves smooth or ciliate, narrowly linear, obtusish and mucronate : pedicels filiform, 
 elongated, nodding at the summit during anthesis: petals considerably shorter than the 
 sepals; the latter spreading in fruit. —Spec. i. 128; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 177. — Moist rocks, 
 
Sperijularia. CAK V( )ril VI.LA( K,!-:. 240 
 
 also in paths, etc., Now foun.! land to Pennsylvania, and (ace. to Cliapman) N. Carolina; 
 also rarely inland lus far a.s Micliigan, /////; \\. ihrou/,'lj the euniiner. (Kii.. A^ia. S. Ann-r.) 
 Specimens with jietals obsolete or wanting do not seem to l)e rare. Dwarfed siK'cinicns 
 from Labrador, coll. Allen, may al.>to ho of tjiis species. 
 
 # * ♦ Stems very short, 4 lines to 2 inches long: flowers rather small, S-jiarted, terminal: 
 leaves thickish, narrowly linear to suhulate, not proliferous in the ujijier axils but com- 
 monly forming sterile msettes about the Ikisc. 
 
 S. Linneei, I'kksi,. Matted, l to 3 inches high: stems slemier, derunilK-nt, rrx.ting and 
 often producing lateral rosettes: radical leaves narrowly linear, niucronate, 3 Uj 7 lines 
 long, forming dense and mo.stly persistent rosettes; cauline leaves short, few: iM-dicels 
 long, filiform, commonly recurved at the summit; flowers nioderatelv large for the genus: 
 petals not (piite equalling the calyx: cai)sule ovate, conic, even before dehiscence consider- 
 ably exceeding the sepals; the dry valves fully twice their length: stamens .'i to 10.— 
 Hel. llaenk. ii. 14 (Linnei); Fen/.l in Leck-b. 1-1. Ross. i. 3.3'J; Wats. Hot. King Exp. 41. 
 S. saxatilis, Wimm. in Lange, I'l. Groenl. 133. 6". sa(/hioi(les, Britton, Mem. 'I'orr. Club, v. 
 
 151. Spergiila sagiiioitJf's, L Sjjec. i. 441. Alsinella sngiitoides, Greene, Fl. Francis. I:i.'). 
 
 Labrador (?) to Greenland, Ahuska, and southward in mountainous regions to New Mexico 
 and S. California, Palmer, Parish. (Widely distributed in the Old World.) 
 
 S. nivalis, Frie.s. Very condensed, one half to one inch high : leaves subulate, or linear- 
 subulate, 2 to 3 (rarely .5) lines long, forming one or more dense msettes; cauline leaves 
 few and sliort : pedicels spreading, 5 lines in length, .^traiglit or curved but scarcelv ever 
 hooked at the summit: petals e(|ualling tlie purple-edged sepals, about a line in length. — 
 Mant. iii. 31 ; Hook. f. Arc. I'l. '.'ST, 322; Habington, Jour. Bot. ii. 340; Wats. Hot. King 
 
 Exp. 42. S. intermedia, Fenzl, 1. c. Arenaria casiiilom, \'ahl, Fl. Dan. t. 2289. A rare 
 
 plant, first collected in America by Dr. Watson in the Uinta Mts. in I86'j (V. S. Nat. Herb,); 
 since found in Alivska, without the exact locality, Dall ; Kyska llarl)or, Ilarrim/ton : and 
 also in the IJocky Mts. of Colorado near (iray's Teak, Patterson. (Greenland, N. Ku.) The 
 species has l>een reganlcd by some authors, and perhaps rightly, as a boreal or high alpiue 
 form of the preceding. 
 
 ♦ * * ♦ Di.'^tinctly fleshy: stems not filiform, more or less branched, .«everal(lowered : 
 flowers 5-parted : si)ecies of the Pacific Coast. 
 
 S. crassicaulis, W.vtson. Smooth: stems several or many, branching, 1^ to 5 inches 
 long: leaves linear, pungent, thickish, 2A to 7 (rarely 12) lines long; the basal forming a 
 rosette wliich may persist or not ; the cauline connate by broad scarious membranes: f>edicels 
 numerous, straight: petals and sepals subequal, U lines in length : cap.^ule one third to one 
 half longer. — Proc. Am. Acad, xviii. 19L .V. occidentalis ('.), Henderson (on authority of 
 Dr. Watson), Zoe, ii. 260. Alsinella crassicaulis, Greene, Fl. Francis. 125. — Heaches, Cali- 
 fornia, Marin Co., Congilon, Monterey Co , Michener & Bioleiti, Tomales Hav, lilaukinship, 
 to Washington, Ilwaco, Henderson, and Vancouver Isl., ace. to .f. M. Macoun. Distinguished 
 from the Japanese S. maxima. Gray, by its glabrous peduncles and calvx. 
 
 « « # # ^ Stems simple, 2 to fi inches in length : ujjper leaves short, proliferous, i. e. 
 bearing fa.s(icles of minute leaves in their axils: flowers .Vparted : ])etals exceeding the 
 calyx: species of the Atlantic Slope, Great Lakes, and Ilud.<on Hav region. 
 
 S. nodosa, Fknzl. Perennial : stems several to many, decumbent, rooting at the base, 
 often 5 to fl inches in length : lower leaves filiform ; the ujtper subulate, only a line in 
 length, bearing a tuft of undeveloped leaves in the axils, thus giving a mniose apftearanco 
 to the slender stems: flowers terminal, large for the genus, 4 lines in diameter when ex- 
 panded.— Verl)reit. Alsin. IS, & in Ledeb. Fl. Hoss. i 340. Sfteniula nodt>sn, L. Spec. i. 440; 
 Fl. Dan. t. 96. — Moist sandy soil, along the Atlantic Coast from Lal»rad.«r (ncc. to .M.icoun). 
 to Cape Ann, J. linhinson ; Anticosti, Pursli ; nUo on l)oth shores ..f Lake Superior and 
 northward to Hud.son Hay, Burke; fl. July, August. Tlie most conspicuous and attractive 
 species of the genus. 
 
 14. SPERGULARIA, J. & C. Prc.'^I. ( Namo a .Icrivativo of Sperquht.) 
 — Annuiils, bitiiiiial.s, or pcruiiuials, usually of marilimo or salino habitat, with 
 
250 CARyOPHYLLACE.E. Spergularia. 
 
 narrowly linear often fleshy leaves. — Fl. Cech. 94; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 27, t. 
 108 ; Benth. «&; Hook. Gen. i. 152. Arenaria, L. Gen. no. 374, in part. Are- 
 naria § Spergularia, Pers. Syn. i. 504. Corion, Mitchell, Act. Phys. Med. Acad. 
 Nat. Cur. viii. App. 208 ; N. E. Brown, Eng. Bot. ed. 3, Suppl. 47. Tissa, 
 Adans. Fam. ii. 507; Baillon, Hist. PI. ix. 116; Britton, Bull. Torr. Club, xvi. 
 125; Greene, Fl. Francis. 126, &. Man. Bay-Reg. 35. Buda, Adans. 1. c. ; 
 Dumort. Fl. Belg. 110; Wats. & Coulter in Gray, Man. ed. 6, 89. Lepignimm, 
 Fries, Fl. Hall. 76; Kiudberg, Monogr. ; Leffler, (Est. Bot. Zeitschr. xix. 101- 
 106; Wats. Bibl. Index, 103. — A genus of moderate size but difficult, through 
 the natural variability of the commoner species, the inconstancy of characters 
 (such as the form of the seeds) which elsewhere are most trustworthy, and finally 
 through an unfortunate complication in the synonymy, arising both from the 
 most diverse views as to the number and proper limitation of the species and 
 from the differences in the choice of the generic name. The designation here 
 adopted is the one which has been most widely used, is now employed by most 
 English and Continental authors (except the Scandinavians), and has had the recent 
 indorsement of the botanists of the Royal and Imperial Gardens of Kew and Berlin. 
 In limiting the species, the usually practical criterion of non-confluence would 
 lead, if rigidly enforced in this group, to a general reduction of the commoner 
 forms to one polymorphous species of widely diverse varieties. Greater clear- 
 ness can certainly be attained by retaining as species a moderate number of 
 oft-recurring and usually distinguishable types, notwithstanding the frequent 
 occurrence of intermediates or local intergradation. 
 
 S. MiQUELONENSis, Lebcl (Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xv. 58; Arenaria Miqiielonensis, La 
 Pylaie, ibid.), never properly described, is obscure. It may well be S. salina or perhaps S. 
 bonalis. 
 
 * Procumbent or decumbent, slender, scarcely or not at all fleshy : flowers of medium size : 
 petals rose-lilac : stipules lanceolate, elongated, conspicuous and silvery. 
 S. rubra, J. & C. Presl, 1. c. Smoothish below but finely and often copiously glandular- 
 pubescent above : stems spreading, wiry : leaves flat or slightly grooved on both surfaces, 
 narrowly linear, cuspidate, 4 to 6 lines long, a third line broad : stipules attenuate, 2 to 3 
 Hues long : inflorescence racemiform ; pedicels truly filiform, exceeding the foliaceous 
 bracts and about twice as long as the oblong-lanceolate scarious-margined acutish glandular- 
 pubescent sepals: corolla 1| lines in diameter, scarcely equalling the calyx : capsule of the 
 same length as the sepals ; seeds pear-shaped, and minutely crested but not winged. — Gray, 
 Gen. lU. ii. 28, 1. 108, & Man. ed. 1, 64, excl. var. S. rubra, var. campestris, Gray, Man. ed. 5, 
 95. S. campestris, Aschers. Fl. Prov. Braudenb. 94. Arenaria rubra, L. Spec. i. 423, excl. 
 var. $; Bigel. Fl. Bost. 108; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 98. Lepirjnnum rubrum, AVahlb. Fl. 
 Gothob. 45 (excl. var. perennnns). Buda rubra, Dumort. Fl. Belg. 110. Spergula rubra, 
 Torr. & Gray. Fl. i. 175, excl. vars. Tissn rubra, Britton, Bull. Torr. Club, xvi. 127, as to 
 eastern plant. — An attractive species, growing about paths and in dry sandy soil, occasionally 
 on sea-beaches, Newfoundland to Virginia and Ohio, common on or near the coast, but less 
 frequent in the interior. (Eu.) Perhaps not indigenous. 
 
 Var. perennans, Robinson, n. comb. More fleshy and forming large mats : root stout, 
 biennial or perennial : internodes shorter : leaves shorter and broader, 3 to 4 lines in length, 
 half line in breadth : inflorescence denser. — Tissa rubra, var. perennans, Greene, Pittonia, 
 ii. 229. ? Lepifjonum rubrum, var. perennans, Kindb. 1. c. 40. — Common on the Pacific Slope 
 from Washington, Suksdorf, and Idaho, 3//.s.s Mulford, to Centr.al California. (N. Eu. ?) 
 There appear to be no technical differences of flower or fruit between this variety and the 
 Atlantic form, yet the two can in general be readily distinguished by their foliage. The 
 
Spergulann. 'CA KV( H'll VLI^ACK.K. Ij,", 1 
 
 eastern fnnii also when Krowinjr „„ the seashore soinetiines Jias a stontisli, jKTliajfS iK-reii- 
 
 iiial root. 
 
 S. Clevelandi, Hoiunson. rerennial, visci(l-{,Maii(luhir : leaves a.siomliijg, couBpicuounly 
 fa.iiiile(l ill tlie axils, almost terete and filiform, verv aiute and attenuate, 5 to 10 linttt iu 
 lenj,'th: tlowers mueh as in the laat, hut ofu<n somewhat larf^er: needs winjjed. — I'roc. 
 Am. Aca.l. xxix. 310. Tiasa uillosa, Britton, 1. c. 129. /'. rifvrhiudi, (Jreene. Fl. Frawciii. 
 127. T. rubra, K. IJrandegee, Zoe, iv. 84. — Sandy soil. Califiirnia. San Diego, Clnrlan,!. 
 Mrs. lirandtyre; San .lose, Mrs. Bush; and at the I'residio, Sun Kranci.sc... ./^/.sofi. Differ 
 ing from the S. American S. nV/osa, C'andK-.ss., in its lower gr.nvth, .listimtly smaller floweni, 
 shorter pedicels, and .somewiiat firmer and le.ss Haccid lea\es. 
 
 * # Slender spreading or erect annuals of tlie West and Southwest, scarcely fleshy, and 
 with short deltoid stipules. 
 
 -K- Corolla roseate (or white <), more tlian half .ts longa.s the sepals. 
 S. salsuginea, Fkx/.l. Vi.scid-pul)Osccnt to nearly glahrous : leaves not fxscided, linear- 
 fililorm: ]ie.licels slender, ahout 2 lines long, spreading or deHexed : sepals in fruit \\ 
 lilies long, hut little exceeded by tiie capsules: upjier leaves much reduced, those in the 
 higiier parts of the almost naked inflorescence not excelling their scarious stijiules : sUunenH 
 usually only 2 to 3. — Fenzl iu Ledeh. Fl. Hoss. ii. 166. S. climulra. Boiss. Fl. Orient i. 
 7;3.'J. Areiutrid dimidru, Gu.ss. Frodr. Sic. i. 515. A. salsuginta, Bunge in Ledeh. Fl. Alt. 
 ii. It;;}; l.edel). Ic. t. 40;t. (Siberia.) 
 
 Var. bracteata, Koiuxson, n. var. Closely simulating the Asiatic type in hahit, 
 pubescence, flowers, fruit, and seeds : inflorescence leafy ; even the uppermo.xt bracts con- 
 siderably exceeding their stipules. — .<?. diandra, Kobinson, Proc. Am. Acad. xxix. 310. 
 Tis.-iu diandra, Britton, Bull. Torr. Club, xvi. 128. — Sandy banks. Texa.*, Ihummond, 
 Lindfieimer ; Oregon, Henderson: Washington, Snksdorf. Decidedly less fleshy in stems 
 and leaves than .">. sniinn. Doubtful sjiccimens from Central California, coll. Mrs. 
 Brnndegee, are transitional to S. tenuis. 
 
 •4- -t- Flowers very small: corolla much reduced, con.sisting of 1 to 3 minute petals, or 
 wanting. 
 
 S. Platensis, Fenzi,. Low, glalirous, 2 to 6 inches in heiglit, diffu.<ely branched : leaves 
 a third to one inch in lengtii : stipules deltoid: flowers small, subglol.ose, 1 to 1 J lines iu 
 diameter, not closely aggregated : pedicels 2 to 3 lines long : sepals elli|)tii-ovate. a line or 
 less in length, thick in the middle but .scarious-margined : valves of the cai)sule a third to 
 half longer than the .«epals ; seeds angled, somewhat triangular in outline, finely but dis- 
 tinctly roughened. — Ann. Wien. iMus. ii. 272. 5. gracilis, Kobinson. 1 c. 311. Balardia Pla- 
 tensis, Cainbess. in St. Ilil. Fl. Bras. Merid. ii. 180, t. 111. Lejtujimum graciie, Wats. Proc. 
 Am. Acad. xvii. 367. Tissn grnrilis, Britton, Bull. Torr. Clul>, xvi. 128. — Sandy ground, 
 dried jionds, etc , Dallas, Texas, Reverchon, to S. California, Parry, Sevin, Orcutt. (S. 
 Brazil, wjience perhaps introd.) 
 
 S. tenuis, Bomxpov, 1. c. Dichotonmnsly mnch-branched, becoming 8 to 10 inches in height, 
 somewhat glanilnlar-puberulent or jinliescent above: leaves 6 to 10 lines long: the very 
 numerous flowers short-pedicelled. tlie uppermost se.ssile in cliKse groups: bracts inconspicu- 
 ous: stamens 2 to 5: capsule twice the length of the ovate-oblong se|)als. — Lr/iiiiunuin 
 tenue, Greene, Pittonia. i. 63. Tissa tenuis, Greene in Britton, 1. c. T. diandra ? K. Bran- 
 degee, Zoe. iv. 84. — California near Alameda, Greene, Williams. Colu.sa Co.. Pt. Costa, and 
 Tulare, .\frs. Bnindegee. A species characterized by its copious branching, small cl<>S4'ly 
 aggregated flowers, and reduced corolla, yet doubtless intergradinc with .S. saliun, of which 
 it may be merely a soil variation. Var. involith.^ta, Robinson, n. var. Heads of closely 
 aggregated flowers, even at full maturity subtended anil exceeded by 2 to several foliaceous 
 bracts. — Mt. Kden, Calif., Mrs. Brnndrgfe, growing with and passing into the tyj)ical form. 
 
 ♦ * * Annuals or liiennials, more decidedly fleshy, usually of maritime or saline habitat : 
 flowers of medium size: corolla nn>re or less conspicuous, white or pink, le-^s fn-qnenlly 
 pink-purple: stipules ovate or deltoid, .^carious but not <i>ns|iicuous or silvery. 
 
 S. salina, •!. & C. Prksl. Commonly althoui;h not alwavs pubescent : leaves oft<>n fasricle«l 
 iu the axils : sepals ovate to oblong-lanceolate, narroweil upwani although obtunc at the 
 
252 CARYOPHYLLACE.E. Speryularia. 
 
 summit, 2 to 2| lines long : flowers axillary in dichotomous racemes : petals pink : capsule 
 equalling or a third to half longer than the calyx ; seeds minute, turgid, ohovate, usually 
 rougliened, less frequently almost or quite smooth {Buda marina, var. leiosperma, N. E. Brown, 
 ace. to Wats. & Coulter in Gray, Man. ed. 6, 90; Corion tnarinum, var. leiosperma, l!i.'E. 
 Brown, Eng. Bot. cd. 3, Suppl. 48). — Fl. Cech. 95 ; Gray, Man. ed. 5, 95 ; Warming, Bot. 
 Foren. Festskr. 1890, 238, f. 20. 5. Canadensis, Don, Syst. i. 426. 6\ rubra, var. marina, 
 Gray, Man. ed. 1, 64. 1 S. Miqiielonensls, Lebel, Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xv. 58. S. media, 
 and var. macrocarpa. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 95. Arenaria marina, Bigel. Fl. Bost. 109 ; ? A. 
 Miquelonensis, La Pylaie in Lebel, 1. c. Lepigonum salinum. Fries, Mant. iii. 34. L. medium, 
 Wats. Bibl. Index, 103, in great part. Tissa marina, Britton, 1. c. 126. T. salimt, Greene 
 (not Britton), Fl. Francis. 1 28, incl. var. sordida, a form with copious glandular pubescence 
 and dense secund racemes, and var. Sanjordi, scarcely viscid and looser flowered. 7'. sparsi- 
 Jiora, Greene, Erytliea, iii. 47, a form with more elongated leafy-bracted inflorescence, yet 
 freely passing to the usual form. — Common on both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, also 
 occurring upon the Gulf coast, and not infrequent about salt lakes and in alkaline regions of 
 the interior, especially westward. 
 
 Var. (0 minor, Robinson, 1. c. Smaller, 2 to 3 inches high: flowers smaller and 
 very numerous, on short pedicels (f to 2 lines in length) and consequently rather densely 
 aggregated. — Buda marina, var. ? minor, Wats. & Coulter in Gray, Man. ed. 6, 90. — Coast 
 of New Hampshire and Mas.sachusetts. An ambiguous form suggesting the western 5. 
 tenuis, but smaller and with a better developed corolla. 
 
 S. borealis, Robinson, 1. c. More slender and in well developed specimens more diffusely 
 branched than the last preceding species, 2 to 5 inches high, usually glabrous : leaves 
 seldom fascicled; stipules ovate, broader than long, obtuse or obtusish: sepals ovate, I to I^ 
 lines long, very obtuse : petals white or roseate : capsule ovate-oblong, usually almost or 
 quite twice as long as the calyx ; seeds generally wingless and nearly or quite smooth, a half 
 line in diameter, about twice as large as in <S'. salina. — Arenaria rubra, 3, Michx. Fl. i. 274. 
 (Dr. Britton, who has examined the type of Michaux's variety, pronounces it identical with 
 this species.) A. Canadensis, Pers. Syn. i. 504, the oldest specific name, but not to be selected 
 for use under Spergularia, since S. Canadensis has been employed by Don, Syst. i. 426, for 
 a " pilose " and " rather hispid " plant, extending from " Canada to Carolina " and being 
 doubtless S. salina, Presl. Lepigonum medium, Wats. Bibl. Index, 103, in part. Tissa salina, 
 Britton, 1. c. 127. T. Canadensis, Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, v. 152. Buda borealis, Wats. 
 & Coulter in Gray, Man. ed. 6, 90. — Beaches and tidal marshes, Labrador to Wells, Maine, 
 Deane ; also on Cape Cod at Dennis, Rev. C. N. Brainerd. 
 
 * * * * Stout and fleshy perennials : flowers large. 
 
 S. media, Presl. Root stout, perpendicular, giving off numerous accessory fibres : stems 
 fleshy, decumbent, ascending: pedicels commonly exceeding the flowers, deflexed ; racemes 
 short-bracted, secund : petals rose-lilac : sepals rather broadly ovate-oblong, obtusish, about 
 two thirds the length of the capsules ; the latter ovoid, becoming 3i lines long ; seeds often 
 broadly winged. — Fl. Sic. p. xvii. & in Griseb. Spicil. Fl. Rumel. i. 213. «S\ marginnta, 
 Kitt. Tascheub. ed. 2, 1003; Garcke, Fl. Deutschl. ed. 17, 96. S. marina, Griseb. 1. c. Are- 
 naria rubra, var. marina, L. Spec. i. 423, in great part, Jide Lefller. Lepigonum marinnm, 
 Wahlb. Fl. Gothob. 45, " et Auctores Scand. omnes ! " ^fide Lefller. — Near Salina, New York, 
 Frg (herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden), and Saucelito, Marin Co., Calif., Mrs. Brandegee (herb. 
 Calif. Acad. Sci.). A species now generally recognized under some name by European 
 authors. Although difficult of technical limitation on the side of S. salina, it can in general 
 be readily distinguished by its stouter root and much larger flowers and seeds. From the 
 following it differs in its relatively broader sepals and well exserted capsule. 
 
 S. macrotheca, Hevnh. Smooth to densely glandular-tomentose : root large: stems 
 spreading, ascending, 8 to 15 inches in height: leaves linear, acute, mucronate, 8 lines to 2 
 inches in length, about a line in breadth ; internodes more or less developed, usually 6 lines 
 to 1 inch long : floral bracts resembling the leaves : inflorescence inclined to be racemiform ; 
 pedicels 4 to 12 lines in length, spreading or more or less deflexed : sepals lanceolate, acutish 
 or subacuminate to an obtuse point, tliick in the middle, nearly smooth or viscid-glandular, 
 conspicuously membranous-margined : petals roseate, shorter than the sepals : ca])snle ob- 
 long-ovoid, acutish, about equalling the calyx. — Nomencl. ii. 689, Jide Hook. f. & Jackson, 
 
Drijmaria. CAKV( )ril VLI.ACK.K. 263 
 
 Index Kow. ii. orjO ; T{<)l)insoii, 1. o. IWl. Arenaria macrothera, Hnriirni in ("liain, & Sihlerlit. 
 Linna;:i, i. 5.J. /.rfiii/oiiKm m<irrot/ucitm, V'mU. & Mcy. lud. Sem. U>,n IVtn.ji. iii. 14 ; Kiiid- 
 l)erg, MoiK.gr. Hi, t. 1, f. 1 ; Wats. IJil.l. Ind.-x. laj. /,. fli,l,usr, KImIi. &. .M»-v. 1. c. .S/^rr- 
 rfiilmia rubra, 'I'urr. I'acif. H. Kcp. iv. 70. — CalifDrnia, rliieliv on or near lUe cojwt. A 
 polyninrphoiis si.c.ics, the varii-lii-.s of wliicli. aliliougli iliverso in a«|»eil, upjiear in a largo 
 series of speiiniens to lie tlioroiif^liiy eonneeted In- internieilialeM. 
 
 Var. leucantha, Hoiunso.n, l. e. Kreet or nearly so, more Klcndcr, with l..n>c inler- 
 nodes : leaves .s(»niewhat narrower and more erect than in the type: floral l.racts reduced 
 and intlore.seenee more distinctly cymose; j.edieels elongated, slender, rather rigidlv spread- 
 ing or deHexed : corolla white or rose-lilac, nearly G lines in diameter. — /Vs.wi Ifiiniuihit, 
 (Jreene, Fl. Francis. 127. — A variety of alkaline regions of the interior <jf California, from 
 Mendocino Co., liraiultiji-r, and .Solano Co., Mrs. Urandrtjii , Miss Kiistwu<nt, t<j iSaii Iteruar- 
 dino Co., Parish. 
 
 Var. SCariOSa, Honixsov, l. c. Low, p.-\le, smoothish near the ba«e, and often very 
 glandular-wisL-id ahove, densely leafy ; the internodes scarcely or ncjt at all developed : leaves 
 4 to 6 lines long, acute; stijmles conspicuous, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, .3 to 5 line.s long: 
 inflorescence racemiform ; pedicels not greatly exceeding the calyx : flowers inclining to Ins 
 smaller and more numerous than in thetyjie.— Tlssa ma<ToM«vi,' var. scar^s«, Britton, Hull. 
 Torr. Club, xvi. 129. T. pallida, Greene in Britton, 1. c, & Fl. Francis, i. 127. — Coaj<t of 
 California at Monterey, Tonn/, Hooker & Crai/, Tii/eslrom, Fort Point, Brand, tje,, .-in<l at 
 Lime Point, Marin Co., Miss Eastirood. T. valida, Greene ( Krythea, i. I(»7), from the I.«land 
 of Sta. Cruz, appears to be a firmer and more erect form of the .same thing, al.^o j.ale and 
 very viscid, but with more elongated internodes and distinctly dichotonioua cvniose 
 iufloresceuce. 
 
 15. SP£;RGULA, L. SruRUY. (Name from the Latin spnryere. to 
 strew, in ict'ireiicc to the scattering of the nunierou.s seeds.) — Annuals with n:ir- 
 rowly linear slightly fleshy apparently whorled leaves; one sj)ecies eonnnon in 
 America, having probably been introduced with grain from the Old World. — 
 Syst. Nat. ed. 1, & Gen. no. 37o ; Reichenb. Ic. PI. Crit. vi. t. ol 1-513, 
 
 S. ARVENSis, L. A foot or two high : leaves numerous in rather remote whorls : inflores- 
 cence a terminal naked spreading cymose panicle; pedicels often deflexed in fruit: jK-taLi 
 white, equalling or slightly exceeding the sepals, 2 to 24 lines long: capsule ovate-glolK>!«e ; 
 seeds black, minutely roughened with light-colored papilhe, acutely edged but scan-elv 
 winged. — Spec. i. 440; Walt. Car. 142; Kng. Bot. t. 15.3.5; Pursh, Fl. i. .320 ; Hook. fI. 
 Bor.-Am. i. 92; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 174; Bothr. PI. Ahusk. 444. .S. mmnsissima, Dougl. 
 in Torr. & (ir.iy. I.e. — Grain fields and cultivated ground, common. United States and 
 Canada, northward to Alaska. (Introd. from the Obi World.) 
 
 16. DRYMARIA, Willd. (Name from Spv/xd?, an oak copse; some 
 species having been ,<^upposed to prefer that habitat.) — Willd. in Rtem. & Sch. 
 Syst. v. p. xxxi. ; IIBIv. Nov. Gen. &. Spec. vi. 21, t. 515, 516; DC. Prodr. i. 
 .S95; Wats. Bibl. Index, 102, & Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 327-3211. — A group of 
 low diffusely branched plants, chieHy of the New World, and attaining its maxi- 
 mum development in Mexico. Our species are weak annuals. 
 
 * Cauline leaves rather broadly ov.ite. 
 D. Fendleri, Watson. An erect annual, 2 to 10 inches high : stems, peduncles, and |K>tiol.>!« 
 finely glandular-pubescent: leaves membranaceous, reniform-ovate. suUordate, abruptlv 
 acuminate, nearly smooth, 4 to 5 lines long, on .slender ]ieti(des half their length : llowew 
 aggregated in termin.-il fascicles or .solitary in the forks: sepals herbaceous. lanc«Nd.ito. 
 acuminate. 1-3-nerved. — Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. .328. D. rordaia. Gray, PI. Fendl. 1.3. not 
 Willd. D. glandidosn. Gray, PI. Wright, ii. 18; Torr. Pacif. B.'Bep. iv. 70. & Bot. 
 Mex. Bound. 37. — New Mexico and Arizona; fl. Augu.-Jt, .S'pten>!»or. 
 
 D. holosteoides, Bkxth. Prostnte, smooth or jmberulenf. somewh.it glnncom* : nxcmn 
 numerous, each bearing 2 to 3 remote fascicles of l.;iv..< i-..! ii..«. r- '• nves np|K'aring (ju.v 
 
254 CARYOPHYLLACE.E. Dn/maria. 
 
 teruate, ovate, obtuse, thickish, 3-5-nerved, 3 to 6 lines long, rather abruptly contracted into 
 slender petioles 2 to 3 lines in length : pedicels equalling or slightly exceeding the petioles, 
 1-flowered : sepals obtusish, Ij lines long, with conspicuous membranous margins: seeds 
 black, of rather irregular form, with broad thin cotyledons incumbent upon the curved 
 radicle. — Bot. Sulph. 16 ; Wats. Bibl. Index, 103 ; Brandegee, Zoe, ii. 68, 69 (where prop- 
 erly distinguished from D. crussi/oliu). D. crassi folia, Yasey & Kose, Contrib. U. S. Nat. 
 Herb. i. 66; Brandegee, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, ii. 131, not of later publications. D. 
 Veatchii, Curran, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, i. 227. Mollwjo verticillata, var., Coulter, Con- 
 trib. U. S. Nat. Herb. i. 39. M. Camhessedesii, Coulter, 1. c. ii. 138. — W. Texas, in dry bed 
 of Tarlinga Creek, Havard, Limpia Canon, Neallei/. (Lower Calif., Brandegee, Palmer.) 
 D. CRASSiFOLiA, Bentli. 1. c. (Brandegee, Zoe, ii. 68, 69), is a nearly related probably peren- 
 nial species of Lower California (coll. Hinds, Xanthus, Brandegee), differing in its more con- 
 densed habit, tliicker and more glaucous broadly rhombic-ovate or suborbicular leaves and more 
 regular seeds with narrower cotyledons. 
 
 I). poLYCARPoft>E8, Gray (PI. Fendl. 12), of Northern Mexico, may attain ou» southwestern 
 borders. It resembles D. holosteoides and D. crassij'olia, but has scarcely petioled ovate-lanceo- 
 late leaves. (Mex., Gregg, Palmer.) 
 
 * * Cauline leaves linear, pseudoverticillate. 
 D. sperguloides, Gray. Covered with a fine grayish pubescence or quite glabrous : radi- 
 cal leaves spatulate, fugacious : stem erect, with spreading brandies and pseudoverticels of 
 4 to 8 sessile narrow obtuse slightly fleshy leaves : inflorescence diffuse ; flowers .slender- 
 pedicelled.— PI. Fendl. 11, & PI. Wright, ii. 19; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 37. — Cornfields, 
 etc., Texas, near Presidio del Norte, Parry; New Mexico, Fendler, Wright; Arizona, 
 Palmer, Leinmon. 
 
 D. visc6sA, Watson (Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 469), of N. Lower Calif., if it reaches S. Cali- 
 fornia, may be distinguished from the preceding by its prostrate habit and smaller nearly sessile 
 and very viscid flowers. (Lower Calif., Orcutt, Palmer.) 
 
 * * * Cauline leaves linear, opposite : stems erect, delicate, much branched : flowers short- 
 pedicelled in the forks of a diffuse inflorescence. 
 D. eflflisa, Gray. Viscid, especially upon the upper part of each internode : radical leaves 
 obovate, seldom persisting ; cauline very narrowly linear, obtuse : sepals elliptic, obtuse or 
 scarcely acute, not distinctly ribbed, considerably exceeded by the petals. — PI. Wright, ii. 
 19; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 37. — Mountainous districts, New Mexico, Wright; Arizona, 
 liothrock, Lemmon. (Adj. Mex., Thurher.) 
 D. tenella, Gray. In size and habit closely resembling the preceding, but glabrous and 
 not viscid : sepals acutish, rather strongly ribbed, a line in length, about equalling the 
 petals. — PI. Fendl. 12, & PI. Wright, ii. 19. — Shady places, woodland, New Mexico, 
 Fendler, Wright, Greene. (Adj. Mex., Pringle.) 
 
 D. NODOSA, Engelm. in Gray, PI. Fendl. 12, of Mexico, is a third closely related species, 
 but has glandular stems, and somewhat larger flowers with attenuate rather rigid sepals (1| 
 to 2 lines long). 
 
 17. POLYCARPON, [Loefl.] L. {YioXv^, much, many, and /capTro'?, 
 fruit, from the innumerable capsules.) — Flowers numerous, cymose, very 
 small. — Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 881, later ascribed by Linnaeus (Gen. ed. 6, no. 105) 
 toLoefling; DC. Prodr. iii. 376; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 173. Polycarpa, Loefl. 
 It. 7, the earliest name but not characterized. — A small genus of low much- 
 branched annuals. 
 
 P. unifl6rum, Walt. (Car. 83), is obscure. It may well have been Arenaria alsinoides. 
 Described as pentapetalous, it certainly cannot have been Sesuvium Portulacastrum, to which it 
 has been of late referred. 
 
 P. tetraphY'llum, L. Nearly or quite smooth : stems 2 to 6 inches long, prostrate or ascend- 
 ing : leaves (|uaternate f)r opposite, oblong or obovate, obtuse, 2^ to 6 lines long, abru])tly 
 narrowed to short petioles : stipules and bracts scarious, acuminate, the Intter equalling the 
 rather sharply carinate sepals : petals white. — Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 881, & Spec. ed. 2, i. 131 ; 
 
Stlj,ulicl,In. CAItVorilVIJ.ACK.E. 255 
 
 Eng. Bot. t. 10.31 ; F.ll. Sk. i. 182. — Iiitr.HliucI in S. Carolina near Charleston and at 
 Camden, Cintis ; also nalurali/.td in California, Na|)a Co., Jipson, and Solano Co., liuu'itli : 
 and ocea.sionalh- found on l.alliLst in tlie Middle Atlantic StateH. (InlnMl. from the Old 
 World, where widely distributed.) 
 
 P. depressum, Nitt. Smaller: .stems uumerou.s, 1 to 2 inches long : leaves oppiwito. nicit- 
 ulatc, ol.t list-, attenuate to shnder petioles : Kracts niueh shorter than the scarcelv carinato 
 sepals : pilals very narrow or Mil)tiliform : cap.sule spherical. — Nutt. in'lorr. & (Jniv, 1. v. 
 174; IJrew. & Wats. Hot. Calif, i. 71. — Sandhills, S. California, near San l)i«-f,r<), \,iit,ill, 
 Cleceliind, near San Hcriiardino, I.>inmin,, I'ndsh, also on Sta Harl.ara and Su». Catalina 
 Ids., liiaiidcijiv. ( Lower Calif., Onutl, Palmer.) 
 
 18. LCEFLlNGIA, L. (Dedicated to J\'fer Lnfiufj, a Swt-di.sh traveller 
 and naturalist, born 1729.) — Small spreading glandular somewhat rigid annuals, 
 with subulate inconspicuous leaves and sessile solitary or more commonly fascicu- 
 late greenish Howers. — Spec. i. 35; Loefi. It. 1G2; DC. Prodr, iii. ;580. 
 
 * Outer sepals provided with lateral teeth. 
 L. Texana, Hook. Branching from near the ba.se: branches 4 to 6 inches long: flowers 
 ciiiitly borne upon short secund and somewhat recurved branchlets: sepals straight or 
 slightly curved: stamens in the flowers examined 3 (5 ace. to Hooker and Cray): seeds 
 rather broadly obovate. — le. t. 285 (text with t. 27.'j) ; Brandegee. Zoe, i. 219. L. gt/uar- 
 rosa, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 674 ; Gray, Gen. HI. ii. 23, t. 106 (figs. 7 and 8 rejiresenting the 
 seed too narrow and with cotyledons incumbent instead of accumbent a.s is the ca.se) ; 
 Coulter, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. ii. 31. — Central and Ea.steni 'IVxa-s, linimiitnud, \i'iii/fit, 
 Ua'l : northward to Nebraska, Webber (ace. to Britton). Differing slightly, but as it 
 appears constantly, from the following. 
 
 L. squarrosa, Nitt. Smaller, 2 to 4 inches high : branchlets .scarcely or not at all .se- 
 iiiiiil : sc]ials pretty strongly recurved and s(|uarrose : stamens 3 (to .">?): seeds oblong or 
 elliptical in outline. —Torr. & (Jr.iy, Fl. i. 174 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 72 ; Wats. Hibl. 
 Index, 104 (excl. syn.) ; Brandegee, 1. c. — Sandy soil, California, from San Diego northward 
 to the Sacramento Valley and Sierra Co., Lemmon. (Lower Calif., Brandegee.) 
 ♦ * Sepals all entire. 
 
 L. ptisilla, CrRRAX. Low and condensed, 2 to 3 inches in height : branches closely flowered, 
 not <listinctly secund: sepals lanceolate, acute and bristle-tipped : stamens (in flowers exam- 
 ined) 3. — Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. i. l.')2; Brandegee, Zoe, i. 220. — Tehachapi, California, 
 4,000 ft., Mr.t. Currnit. This very interesting species has the calyx of a Cerdiu, but is dis- 
 tinguished from that genus by the number of stamens, the absence of a style, and the ac- 
 cumbent position of the cotyledons, which in Cerdia appear to be constantly incumbent. 
 
 19. STIPULIClDA, Michx. (Name from the Latin stipuld, stalk, bhide. 
 stipule, and ccedere, to cut, from its deeply divided stipules.) — Fl, i. L'G, t. C> ; 
 Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 2o, t. 107. — A very small or perhaps monotypic genus, scarcely 
 ditfering in its technical characters from the Old World Poiycarpcea, but with a 
 distinct habit, somewhat that of an Eriogonum. 
 
 S- setacea, .Mi< nx. l. <•. .\ span hijrh : root .simple: stems dichotomou.sly forked: radical 
 leaves spatulate, 2 t) 4 lines long, narrowed to a slender petiole: flowers small, fjuscicled 
 (usually 3 to 6 togethei) at the ends of the naked branches : bracts awn like from a lanceo 
 late more or less fimbriate-margined b.-vse, ami nearly ei|nalling the flowers. — Chapm. Fl. 
 47. Poh/rarpon stipuliciduni, Pers. Syn. i. Ill ; I'ursli, Fl. i. 'J(». — Sandy soil, North Caro- 
 lina to Florida. 
 
 S. filiformis, Nash. More slender ami with more numerous branches: f.-iscides fewer 
 (I-.!)-tlow(red: bracts shorter. — Bull. Torr. Club. xxii. 148. — Dry s.-uidy soil, in " s«rnb " 
 ami pine woods, near Ku.stis. Flori<la, Xnsh. An apparently identical fornt w. -is collated on 
 the .Man.atee Kiver by A'l/'/c/. no. 61. It is doubtctl whether the differences between this and 
 the preceding will be found constant. 
 
256 FICOIDE^. 
 
 Ordek XIX. FICOIDE^. 
 
 By B. L. Robinson. 
 
 Herbs of annual or perennial duration, often succulent, rarely lignescent, with 
 watery juice and simple entire or serrulate mostly opposite or pseudoverticillate 
 leaves. Flowers regular, perfect, polygamous, or unisexual. Calyx 4-5-cleft or 
 4-5-sepalous, free or more or less adnate to the ovary. Petals in N. American 
 genera wanting except in Mesembryanthemum (where narrow, numerous, and in- 
 serted upon the calyx). Stamens as many as the divisions of the calyx, or fewer, 
 or indefinitely numerous and then inclining to be grouped in phalanges, hypogy- 
 nous or distinctly perigynous ; bilocular anthers short-oblong. Ovary free, half 
 adnate to the calyx, or wholly inferior, 1-x-locuIar ; styles or free stigmas as 
 many as the cells of the ovary, stigmatose along the inner surface. Fruit a 
 loculicidal or circumscissile capsule, or rarely indehiscent and baccate or nutlike. 
 Seeds 1 to x, with sparing or copious albumen and curved peripheral embryo. 
 
 With the exception of the large and chiefly S. African genus Mesembryanthe- 
 mum (including about 300 species, many of which are known in horticulture), 
 this loosely bound and poorly defined order is composed of small and unimportant 
 genera. Its members, however, possess much classificatory interest, since they 
 exhibit afliinities with the Caryophyllacece and Paronychiacece on the one hand, 
 and the Portulacacece and Cactacece on the other, thus serving to connect these 
 important orders. 
 
 Tribe I. MOLLUGINE^E. Calyx free, divided nearly or quite to the base. 
 Petals (in ours) none. Stamens mostly hypogynous. Fruit (in ours) a loculici- 
 dal capsule. 
 
 1. MOLLUGO. Sepals 5, elliptic, concave, obtuse, 1-3-nerved, with thin margins. Stamens 
 3 to 5 (rarely in foreign species more numerous), hypogynous, when 5 alternate with the 
 sepals, and when 3 alternate with the carpels. Ovary 3-celled, many -seeded ; styles filiform, 
 short, distinct to the base. Capsule ovoid, thin-walled, rounded at the summit ; seeds 
 estrophiolate, borne on short straight funiculi ; these remaining fixed to the placenta. 
 
 2. GLINUS. Flowers mostly short-peduncled and aggregated in rather dense verticillasters 
 about the upper nodes. Stamens 5 to 10 (rarely more numerous). Seeds with distinct 
 strophiole at the hilum ; funiculi very long and slender, coiled about the seeds and in great 
 part deciduous with them. ( )ther characters as in the preceding. 
 
 Tribe II. AIZOIDE/E. Calyx free, with a distinct turbinate, campanulate, or 
 subcylindric tube, and 4-5-cleft limb. Petals none. Fruit (in ours) a circumscis- 
 sile capsule. Leaves (in ours) opposite, mostly unequal. 
 * Ovary 1-2-ceIled : stipules present. 
 
 3. CYPSELEA. Calyx-tube short, campanulate ; segments 4 to 5, unequal, ovate, obtuse, 
 erect, green, una]>pendaged. Stamens 1 to 3, alternate with the calyx-lobes. Ovary ovoid 
 or subglobose, 1-celled, many-ovuled ; short erect style 2-cleft. Seeds minute, smoothish, 
 estrophiolate ; slender straight funiculi remaining attached to the free central placenta. 
 Leaves opposite ; stipules scarious, laciniate. 
 
 4. TRIANTHEMA. Calyx-lobes .5, concave, colored within, with dorsal horn-like appen- 
 dage from beneath the apex. Stamens varying from 5 or 6 to 10, alternate with the lobes 
 of the calyx when of the same number. Ovary truncate, 1-2-celled ; styles or stigmas 
 
Molbigo FICOIDK.K. 207 
 
 iinriiiiillv •>. (■.ritrallv sitti.it. -.I, l.nt (in X. AiiuTiran sjiPcii-M) hy ahortion Kinjjlf an<l at l.-ii^th 
 cxieiitiic. C'ai.siil.- ,sliurt-i_vliii.lric or liirliiiiaU-. {»•«•( 1 -.I ).mm'.Ic.|, tar.lilv •intiniH.irihilc. tin- 
 upper i)(>rtioii tliickfiioil.corcacL'uu.sor.KulxTo.si'. witli iii<.«tlv2 r..uii<led iiiarf,'iual crehtw ijartly 
 or almost conii)lftelv surrouiiiiiiig the concave very ol»li(jue Nuniniit. 
 
 • * Ovary 3-5-felle(l : HtipulcH none. 
 
 5. SESUVIUM. Calyx Scleft to l.elow tiie middle; oldong wgmentH ol.tiwc or «d.luHihli, 
 but c.uiiuouly cornute dorsally heueatli the apex, colored within. SUimens .-i and alternaui 
 with the calyx-lohes or nunu-rous and ind.Hiiite, perij,Mnous. Kometiinej. nlightlv iinite.l into 
 phaUufies. Ovary free from the calyx, many-ovuled ; Htylea 3 (to 5), filiform' free to the 
 base. Capsule membranaceous, 3(-5)-celled ; seeds several to many in each cell. 
 
 Tkimk III. MESEMlillYANTllE.E. Calyx-tube partially or wholly a.li.ate t., tli.- 
 ovary. 
 
 ♦ Petals : fruit indehiscent. 
 
 6. TETRAGONIA. Calyx-tube at length euveloj)ing and adnate to the ovary, mostlv 
 4-lnl>ed or -tontlud, fleshy ; lobes short, obtuse, erect and connivent after anthesis. ' Stamens 
 
 1 to «, sometimes more or less united at the ba.se into phalanges, jierigvnous : ovarv half 
 iuferior, at length vvliolly so, with ."J to 9 cells and a.s many short distinct stvles; cell's uui- 
 ovuiate. Fruit a somewhat 4(-6)-iiorne(i nut ; seeds solitary, pendent in the iudehisceut 
 cells, pyriform, estropliiolate; enil)ryo horse-shoe shaped. 
 
 ♦ ♦ Petals numerous : fruit a capsule, loculicidally dehiscent at the summit. 
 
 7. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM. Calyx normally .5-partcd or 5-toothed, unequal. Petals 
 X, linear, s.mietiines in several .scries, in.'^erted together with the numerous and indefinite 
 stamens ui)un the tube of the calyx. Ovary 5(-QC)-celled ; styles a.s many a.s the cells of 
 tlie ovary, free or nearly so. Fruit .stellate, with distinct epicarp and cndocarp, dehiwing 
 under tlie influence of moisture ; seeds numerous, minute. 
 
 1. MOLLUGO, L. Indi.vn Chick weed. (Name dcriv*.! from mnUis. 
 soft, used by riiny for some uuidentified plant, and by the lu-rbalist.s for Gnlinm 
 Molhigo, from which it was by Linnaeus transferred to the present genus, on 
 
 account, perhaps, of the superficial similarity of leaf-arrangement.) Gen. 
 
 no. 839 ; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 13, t. 101 ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 8.07 (exd. syn. 
 Glinus) ; Pax in Engl. «fe Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. lb, 30. Mollur/o, su'bg. 
 MoUugo, Fenzl, Ann. Wien. Mus. i. 375-384. Lampetia & Nemallosis, Raf. Fl. 
 Tellur. iii. 34. — Glabrous profusely branched annuals with rosulate or pscudo- 
 verticillate leaves and small apetalous slender-pedicelled flowers. 
 
 ♦ Seeds 3-5-ribbed parallel to the median dors.al line, and often minutelv and transversely 
 rugo.se l>etween the ribs : cauline leaves spatulate to lance-oblong or rarelv linear: pros- 
 trate or ascending. 
 
 M. verticillata, L. (Carpet-weed.) Slender terete stem.s radiating, dichotomonsly 
 branclied : leaves 3 to Gat each node, unequal, half inch to inch in length, the larger ones 2 
 to 4 lines in breadth, obtuse or acutish at the apex, gradually narrowed at the b.xse : flowon* 
 
 2 to 5 from each node, slender-pedicelled, sul)tended by f.di.iceous bnictj* : sepals elliptic- 
 oblong, obtn.se, 3-nerved, not reticulated: stamens 3 (to 4): capsule short-oblong. — S|)ec. i. 
 89 ; Fenzl, 1. c. 376 ; Gray, 1. c. 14 ; Kohrb. in Mart. Fl. Hra.s. xiv. pt. 2. 240-243 (ind. vnr 
 scrohicuhUa), t. S."), f. 2 ; Meehan, Bull. Torr. Club, xiv. 218. .1/. arfunrin, IIMK. Nov. (Jen. 
 & Spec. vi. 20. — Lower Canada to Florida and .across the continent, common e.s|>eciallv u|«»n 
 bare ground of paths, &c. (Mex., W. Ind., Trop. Amer., " Trop. Afr.") 
 
 * * Seeds finely reticulated : cauline leaves very narrow, linear : habit a.scending or sul>- 
 •erect : southwestern. 
 
 M. Cervidna, Serinoe. Very slender: 2 to 8 inches hi-:h, much branched: stems and 
 branches filifc.rm, terete: leaves glaucons ; the b.-us.-il spatulate, forming a more or less 
 persistent rosette ; the uppermost reduced to minute bracts : flowers small, the lower verticil- 
 
 17 
 
258 FICOIDE.E. Glinus. 
 
 late about the nodes, the upper disposed in a filiform-branched panicle : sepals 1 -nerved 
 and reticulated with green veins : capsule globose. — Seringe in DC. Trodr. i. 392 ; Feuzl 
 Ann. Wieu. Mus. i. 379 ; Wats. I'roc. Am. Acad. xvii. 360 ; Coulter, Contrib. U. S. Nat. 
 Herb. ii. 138. Pharnacenm Cerciana, L. Spec. i. 272 (excl. syn. Buxb.). — River banks, also 
 in sterile granitic sand and on mesas, S. W. Texas, at Bluffton, Palmer, and on Pecan Creek, 
 ace. to Plank ; New Mexico, (ircene; Arizona, Lvmmon, Pringle, Jones. (Mex., Palmer; 
 Lower Calif., Brandegee ; Mediterranean Kegion ; S. Afr. ; E. Ind.) 
 
 2. GLINUS, L. (FAii'os or yXcij/os, a name used by Theophrastiis for a 
 maple ; the reason for its ai^plication to the present genus is wholly obscure.) — 
 Spec. i. 463 (but later in Gen. ed. 5, no. 537, &, Spec. ed. 2, i. 663, Linnaeus 
 ascribes the genus to Lo-fling, who, in 1758, in his It. Hispan. 145, republished 
 G. lotoides); Fenzl, Ann. Wien. Mus. i. 355; Pax in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. 
 Prianzenf. iii. Ab. lb, 40. Physa, Du Petit-Thouars, Gen. Nov. Madag. 20. 
 Under MuUugo, Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 857. — Small genus of homely plants, 
 nearly related to MoUugo, but with sharp and apparently constant technical dis- 
 tinctions in the peculiar elongated funiculi and strophiolate seeds. Our species 
 annuals, pubescent with soft branching hairs. 
 
 G. lotoides, L. 1. c. Diffusely branched from the base, densely clothed in cinereous tomen- 
 tum ; stems procumbent or ascending : pseudoverticillate leaves obovate, rounded at the 
 apex, cuneately narrowed at the base to slender petioles : flowers pedicellate or subsessile in 
 glomerules : sepals 2 to 3j lines long, rather broadly oblong, scarcely mucronate : stamens 
 mostly 10 or more: seeds nearly black, granulated. — Lcefl. 1. c. ; Lam. Diet. ii. 729 ; Sibth. 
 Fl. Graec. v. t. 472. G. lotoides, var. a Candida, Fenzl, 1. c. i. 357. G. dictamnoides. Lam. 
 1. c. (Mediterranean Reg., E. Ind.) Represented in N. Amer. chiefly if not wholly by 
 
 Var. virens, Fenzl, 1. c. 358. Less densely pubescent : leaves glabrate at least above; 
 the broad blade sometimes half inch in diameter : flowers mostly smaller, about 2 lines long: 
 sepals more narrowly oblong tli!in in the type and more or less distinctly mucronate : stamens 
 5 to 10 : seeds inclining to be red, granulated as in the type. — G. dictamnoides, L. Mant. ii. 
 243; DC. Prodr. iii. 4.55. — Abundant at Verdigris, Ind. Terr., and in Arkansas, Bush; 
 also earlier collected in California (where perhaps introduced), at Chico, Parry, Lathrop, 
 Mrs. Brandegee, a more pubescent form possibly referable to the type. There can be no 
 doubt that the California plant is of this species ratlier than of the following, where first 
 placed by Dr. Watson. 
 
 G. Cambessidesii, Fenzl, 1. c. Habit of the preceding species but less robust, cinereous- 
 tomeutose or greener: flowers 1| to 2 lines in length: stamens 3 to 5 : seeds red, very 
 smooth and shining. — G.radiatus,'Ro\\Th. in. Mart. Fl. Bras. xiv. pt. 2, 238. G. lotoides, 
 Rose, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. i. 331, not L. Moltugo radiata, Ruiz & Pav. Fl. Peruv. i. 
 48. M. gllnoldes, Cambess. in St. Hil. Fl. Bras. Merid. ii. 171, t. 109. — A single specimen 
 from our limits labelled Texas (without locality) from herb. Durand is now in herb. Gray. 
 The species, however, is not uncommon in Mexico, extending from the Yaqui River, Pa/zner, 
 southward. (Lower Calif., ZJrunrfef/ee; Cuba; S.Am.) 
 
 3. CYPSELEA, Turp. (Kni/'eA?;, a bee-hive, which in form the capsules 
 resemble.) — Ann. Mus. Paris, vii (1806), 219, t. 12; Fenzl, Ann. Wien. Mus. 
 i. 351, ii. 293 ; Benth. &, Hook. 1. c. 856. Radiana, Raf. Speech, i. 88. — Incon- 
 spicuous prostrate W. Indian monotype, small in all parts. 
 
 C. humiflisa, Turp. 1. c. Prostrate matted much branched stems from a long perpendicu- 
 lar annual or perhaps more enduring root : leaves opposite, those of each pair very unequal, 
 the axil of the smaller one l)earing a fascicle of crowded leaves and a pedicellate flower; 
 leaf-blade elliptical, obtuse or rounded, 1| to 3 lines in length; petiole slender, nearly as 
 long, with a membranous bicaudate or somewhat fimbriate stipular expansion at the base: 
 calyx-lobes 5 : stamens (I to) 3, inserted opposite the .sinuses. — DC. Prodr. iii. 353 ; Griseb. 
 Fl. W. Ind. 56. — Sandy pine barrens near the coast of S. & W. Florida, Blodgett, Rugel, 
 
Sesuvium. KKOI DK.K. 25'J 
 
 perhaps not iudigenoua; also Central California (wliorc certainly intnxlurctl), on and near 
 the coast, Sta. Cruz, J'niri/ .- bunks and niarslies <»f San Jiiii<|uin Kivcr, t'unijdon,' Michtnrr 
 &. liiolttti. (W. Ind. ou Cuba, St. Doiuingo, Virgin Ids., &c.) 
 
 4. TRIANTHEMA, Sauv. ('!>:?, three, and ai'^e/xor, flower, from the 
 often teriKite nature of the inflorescence.) — <le Sauva','i's. Metli. Fol. 127; L. 
 Spec. i. 22^; Ik-nth. & Hook. (Jen. i. 8'>.'>. — A small genus of prostrate herbs 
 or undershrubs, tropical and subtropical, chiefly of Asia, Africa, and Australia, 
 the only American species being 
 
 T. Porttllacastrum, L. Diffusely and dichotouiuusly briin.-bcl bcrb. somr-wli:it snccu- 
 K-nt ; protunibcnt or |)r<istrati; brandies terete, smooth or jiapillose jiui.erulent. C in( lien to 
 3 feet in lengtli : leaves opposite, obovate to suborbicular, entire or nearly ho, half incli to 
 indi long, olituse, roundetl, niuironate, or retuse at the apex, usually cuneate at the l)aiM; ; 
 the leaves of each pair une(iual ; jK-tioles dilated near the ba.>*e into bidentate slipular exp.an- 
 sions, connate al)out tiie stem, the sheath, thus formed, bearing an intermediate tcMitii on 
 each side: Howers small, closely sessile in the forks of tlie liranches, purplish within : sepals 
 ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, withering to a sort of rostrum upon the broad obliipie summit 
 of the circumscissile few-seeded capsule; style single; ovary at length partially divide<l into 
 two superposed cells. — Spec. i. 22.'{ (Poilulitni Cunissaviai jirocHinhiUH, Herni. I'arad. Hat. 
 213, t. 213) ; Hook. f. & Jackson, Index Kew. ii. 1101. T. moniM/i/na, L. Mant. 69; Lam. III. 
 ii. 496, t. 375, f. 1 ; Gray, I'l. Wriglit. i. 15, ii. 20; P.iyer, Ann. Sci. Nat. acr. 3, xviii 241. 
 t. 12; Chapm. Fl. ed. 2, 607. — Forming mats on shores, in saline jdaces, or in rich garden 
 soil; Keys of Florida to Arizona, and not infre<iuent on baljjist in tlie Middle Atlantic 
 States. (Mex., Lower Calif., W. Ind., and widelv distributed in the warmer parts of the 
 Old World.) 
 
 5. SEStrVIUM, L. Ska Purslane. (Etymology unknown.) — Syst. 
 Nat. ed. 10. 10.')8, & Spec. ed. 2, i. G84 ; Jacq. Stirp. Am. t. O.'j ; Gray. Gen. 111. 
 i. 22'J. t. 100; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 855. St'suvium &. Pyxlpoma, Fenzl, 
 Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 292, 21)3. — A small but widely distributed genus of Heshv 
 prostrate or sub-erect mostly maritime herbs or underslirui»s with axillary purplish 
 apetalous flowers. 
 
 ♦ Stamens many, indefinite. 
 S. Portulacastrum, L. 11. cc. Stems numerous, long, spreading, decumbent, often nxiting 
 at the lower nodes, (piite smooth or slightly verruco.se: leaves linear-oldt>ng t<) sjiatulate, 
 mostly acutish, 1 to 2 inches in length : flowers 4 or 5 lines long, usually on peduncles of 
 nearly or quite their own length: sepals narrowly oblong, horned on the back near the 
 apex. — DC. Prodr. iii. 4IJ3 ; Cli.ipm. Fl. 44. S. pediinruiatnm, I'ers. Syn. ii. 39. Portiilara 
 Portiilacaslnim, L. Spec. i. 446 (Herm. I'arad. Bat. t. 112; Pluk. Aim. t. 216, L ]). — Sea- 
 he-iches and sandy b.inks near the coast, N. Carolina, M. A. Curtis; Florida. (\V. Ind.. 
 Bermuda, most tropics, Cliina.) 
 
 S. sessile, I'khs. More erect and busliy, never rooting from the nodes, copiously .ind dichot- 
 oinously branched : stems smooth or very often liuely verrutose with crystalline glolmles a» 
 in MiSfinliri/iinl/ii'iiiiim: leaves shorter and mostly t)roader and more obtuse than in the 
 preceding species, oblanceol.ite or obov.ite-oblong : flowers subsessile, 2 to 3 lines in length : 
 sepals rather bro.adly ovate-oblong, dorsally cornute near the a|)ex. — Syn. ii. 39. 5. Puttu- 
 larastritm, DC. PI. (Inuss. t. 9; Torr. in Fmory. Hep. 137, & Bot. Mex. Bound. 38 ; Coulter, 
 Man. Rocky Mt. Heg. 112; Greene, Fl. Francis. 239; not L. 5. Pnrtnhirastnim, var. luhsfs. 
 sile, Gray (PI. Wright, i. 13, ii 19) in W.its. Bild. Index. 411, pn.bably not of CnmlK'*s. in 
 St. Ilil. Fl. IJras. Merid. ii. 200, which, being the much snialler-Howen-d .<. jxiri-iflonim. DC, 
 of S. Am., is presumably a distin<t species. — Beadies, river banks, and sterile saline plain*, 
 coa.st of Texas, to S. Kan.s.is, Curletim, and Colorado, i'rmulall : N. W. Nevada, /.f-mmim, aixl 
 California from the v.illey of the San .Toaquin near Stockton, ./(/..so/i, soutliward. (I^iwer 
 CaliL, Orcutt ; Northern .Mex. ; S. Braxil.) A plant of too distinct habit and range, at least 
 
260 FICOIDE^E. Sesuvium. 
 
 as to its N. American occurrence, to be satisfactorily classed as a variety of the preceding, 
 especially in the at)sence of more evident intergradation. An extreme form with stem, 
 leaves, aud sepals densely vesicular-verrucose in the manner of Mesembrijuuthemum lias 
 been collected in the sink of the Mojave by Parish Bros. A tendency toward this character 
 is, however, manifested by specimens from other regions. 
 
 * * Stamens 5, alternate with the sepals. 
 S. pentandrum, Kll- Procumbent or ascending, much branched: leaves obovate to 
 ellijitic-spatiilate, rounded at the apex, entire, cuneate at tiie base: flowers rather small, 
 cliisclv sessile: calyx 2| to 3^ lines long, 5-parted to below the middle; segments ovate- 
 oblong, obtuse but ratlier sharply cornute dorsally just below the apex. — Sk. i. 556 ; Fenzl, 
 Ann. Wien. Mus. i. 347 (later and inde{)endent publication of same species and, by curious 
 coincidence, under same name) ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 230; Chapm. Fl. 44. S. Portidaca strum, 
 Mulil. Cat. 49 ; (iray, Man. eds. 2-5 ; not L. S. sessile, Nutt. Gen. i. 306 ; Torr. Fl. N. & 
 Midd. States, 478 ; not I'ers. .S' inaritiwum, Britt. Sterns & Poggeiib. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 20. 
 Pkdrimceum maritimuin, Walt. Car. 117. Molliiffo maritlma, Seringe in DC. Prodr. i. 393. 
 
 — Sea-beaches and low sandy banks near coast, Loug Island to Florida and Louisiana, 
 common; fl. midsummer to late autumn. (Cuba.) 
 
 6. TETRAGONIA, L. (Terpaywi/os, four-coruered, in allusion to the 
 form of the calyx-covered fruit ; the name TcTpaywi/iu was used by Theophrastus 
 for Euonymus EaropcBus, L.) — Syst. Nat. ed. 1, & Gen. no. 406 ; Fenzl, Ann. 
 Wien. Mus. ii. 287 ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 854. Tetragonocarpus, Comnielyn, 
 Amstel. ii. t. 102, 103. Demidovia, Pall. Demid. t. 1. TeAragonella, Miq. in 
 Lehm. PI. Preiss. i. 245. — Fleshy herbs and undershrubs, chiefly S. African 
 and of littoral habitat. A single species, with alternate leaves, tends to escape 
 from cultivation in N. America. 
 
 T. expAnsa, Murr. (New Zealand Spinach.) Succulent annual with numerous spreading 
 or procumbent branches, more or less thickly covered with crystalline papulae : leaves ovate, 
 entire or merely undulate, obtuse or acutish, 1 to 2\ inches long, abruptly contracted at the 
 base to a broad cuneately winged petiole : subsessile flowers .solitary in the axils, small, 
 yellowish green : limb of the gamophyllous 4-lobed calyx widely spreading : styles 5 to 9 ; 
 cells of the ovary as many, 1-ovuled: fruit a cartilaginous somewhat compressed 4(-6)- 
 horned nut, closely invested by the calyx and becoming 4 to 6 lines in diameter. — Comm. 
 Gutting, vi. 13; DC. PI. Grass, t. 114; Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2362; Greene, Fl. Francis. 240. 
 
 — In old fields about Manatee, Florida, Garber, and on the beaches of the Central Califor- 
 uian coast; doubtless escaped from gardens where sometimes cultivated as a salail plant. 
 (Introd. from China, Japan, New Zealand.) For historical note on garden use, see Sturte- 
 vant. Am. Nat. xxiv. 32. 
 
 7. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM, Dill. (Arbitrarily altered from the 
 earlier Mesembrianthemum, a name first used by Jakob Breyne and clearly 
 derived from ^€crr]ii(3pta, mid-day, and avO^ixov, flower. In its later form the first 
 part of the word is derived by Linnaeus, in his Philos. Bot. 177, from ytteVos, 
 middle, and ifi/ipvwv, embryo, without very obvious application.) — Nov. Gen. 
 148, & Elth. t. 179-215; L. Gen. no. 453; Haworth, Obs. Mesemb. ; Salm- 
 Dyck, Monog. Gen. Aloes et Mesembryanthemi ; Sonder, Fl. Cap. ii. 387. — A 
 large genus of low and mostly very succulent herbs and shrubs, chiefly African, 
 much cultivated both for their showy many-petalled flowers and their grotesque 
 Aloe-l'ike foliage. Three species of wide distribution and probably introduced 
 without the agency of man have become established in the mild and equable 
 climate of Central and Southern California. It seems best to adopt the Linntean 
 orthography in the generic name notwithstanding its strained etymology. 
 
Mesemhrijanthemum. FR'( )1 1 )K.E. 
 
 201 
 
 § 1. P.viTi.usA, SoiidiT, 1. c. Surface of stciii aii.l l.-avcs covrn-.l with 
 colorless .sliiiiiiij,r i)ai)ula' : our species sprea.ling auiiuaU, liraiM-he.i fn.n, tl„_- base, 
 and with leaves alternate or scattered. 
 
 » Lt-avcs linear, Kcmitercte. 
 M. nodiflorum, L. Snhorcct or procumbent, matted, covero.l witli fine papilla- : leaves 
 half inch to iml. in lenfjtli. a lino iu breadth, oi)tuse: Hower.M Hcatlered. small, Kiilm.-HMil.- „r 
 shortly pedunculate ; 4-5-cleft calyx considerably excee<lin>,' the minute whit.- i>etals : valvei* 
 of the <apsule r>, acut.-, not uncinate, stellately spreading when moist. —Spec. i. 4S0 • DC 
 I'l. Grxss. t. 88; I'arish. Zoe, i. 203. J/. r„,.ticum, L. 1. c. ed. 2, i. C8H ; ,Iac.,. Hort. Vi'ndoh 
 III. t. 6. J/, apelidnm, L. f. Suppl. 258. — Sandy hills on S. Californian coitst. San Diego Co 
 Clivelaud, Onult; San Cleniente Is!., Li/on & Necin, and Sta. Catalina Isl., liratuhqee] 
 locally abundant although, as Mr. I'arish states, our most restricted species. (S. Afr and 
 Mediterranean Uegion.) 
 
 ♦ * Leaves flat, with more or le.'^s expanded lamina. 
 M Crystallinum, L. (Kk Plant.) Very succulent, prostrate, forming mat.: papula 
 large and c.iisi.uiu.us : leaves ovate to obovate or bro;i<lly spatulate, amplexicaiil, the lowest 
 witli a cordate or subcordate petiolate base: flowers axillarv. sub..*e.-*.sile or borlie on short 
 thick erect peduncles: campanulate calyx 4 to 6 lines in length and about as broad : petals 
 piiik or purplish red, varying to white: carpels 5; valves of the retu.«e capsule a.s man v. 
 dorsally concave, micinately incurveti, hygroscopic, being opcne<l by moisture and clo.sed in 
 drought; nigrescent epicarp separating from the .stramineous more cartilaginous end.K-arp 
 — Spec. I. 480 (Dill Kith. t. 180, f. 221); DC. I'l Gnvss. t. 128; Sibth. Fl V.rxc v. t 481- 
 Parish, 1. c. 262. -In sandy soil, cjast of California and adjacent islan.ls (where especially 
 abundant and luxuriant), from Sta. Barbara southward, also in .Mojave De.sert. Mrs. firande. 
 ffic, Jid,- Parish ; first collected in California by Fremont. (Lower Calif, an'd adj. islands 
 Greece, N. Afr., Canary Ids., S. Afr.) I-irst recognized as indigenous on the Californian 
 islands by Prof. Greene. 
 
 M. coRniFur.i.M, L. f. (Suppl. 260), a related red-flowered species with even the upper 
 leaves petiolate and cordate, is reported by K. Brandegee (Zoe ii. 332), as an escape about San 
 Francisco. (S. Afr.) 
 
 § 2. Epapulosa, Sonder, 1. c. 389. Stem and foliage smooth : our species 
 perennial with opposite thick dorsally carinate leaves. 
 
 M. sequilaterale, IIa worth. Very fleshy: stems elongating and forming large mats: 
 
 leaves 2 inches or more in length, oldong. acute, tri(juetroiis prismatic, thicker than broad : 
 
 flowers large, terminal, shortly j)eiluiiculate, fragrant, 1} to 2 inches in diameter: sprea.iing 
 
 lobes of the calyx very uneipial : petals roseate: styles 6 (or more) : fruit edible.— Mi.««c. 
 
 Nat. 77, & Syn. PI. Sue. 237 ; Salm-Dyck, 1. c. fji.sc. L § 19. f. 1 ; Brew. & Wats. Hot. Calif. 
 
 i. 251 ; Parish, 1. c. 261. M. dimidiatum, Torr. Pacif. H. Kep. iv. 75; Newberrv. ihid. vi. 
 
 67; not Ilaw. — Sand dunes and sterile cliffs, Calift>rnia. on and near the coast from Point 
 
 Reyes, Bifjihw, southward. (Lower Calif., Chili, Au.-^tralia, Tjusmania ) 
 
 A .-slender erect-branched purplish-flowered species, probably the S. African M. STfexiM, 
 
 Ilaw. (not the -scarlet-flowered .lA. <;„rineum. Haw., as at first determinetl), was in 1878 collectc.f 
 
 at Point Conception, near Sta. Barbara, Calif., by Minx P!„mmn\ wher.-. :i.» h garden-escap<'. it 
 
 ha<l become temporarily establisheil. However, ace. to Parish, I. c, it h:i.s already di.-<ip|H'are«l 
 
 from this its only known N. American locality. 
 
262 PORTULACACE.E. 
 
 Order XX. PORTULACACEiE. 
 
 By a. Gray ; the genera Letcisia, Calandrinia, Claytonia, and Montia revised by 
 B. L. Robinson.^ 
 
 More or less succulent herbs, rarely frutescent, with entire leaves, hermaphro- 
 dite and regular but mostly anisomerous flowers, calyx aud corolla imbricated in 
 the bud ; distinguished, with one or two exceptions, by hypogynous insertion, 
 disepalous calyx not isomerous with corolla, one-celled 2-8-merous ovary with 
 free central or basilar placenta;, 2 to 8 introrse stigmas or style-branches, few or 
 many amphitropous ovules, and seeds with a cylindrical embryo curved or coiled 
 in or around mealy albumen, the narrow cotyledons usually incumbent (but not 
 rarely accumbent or oblique in the same genus). Stamens various in number, 
 opposite the petals when of the same number, commonly adnate to their base. 
 No hypogynous disk. No proper stipules. The main exceptions are tlie half 
 superior calyx of Portulaca, the larger number of sepals in Lewisia, and the 
 reduced number of petals in Calyptridium, &c. Corolla often slightly gamopet- 
 alous. Authesis commonly ephemeral, the withering or colliquescent remains 
 of corolla borne for some time on the ovary or capsule. 
 
 * Lower half or more of ovary and capsule adnate to calyx-tube ; upper part in fruit with 
 the two calyx-lobes circumscissile ; embryo peripheric. 
 
 1. PORTULACA. Petals 4 to 6 and with the more numerous (8 to 30) stamens inserted 
 just wliere the calyx becomes free, ephemeral. Style-branches 3 to 8, filiform, introrsely 
 stigmatose their whole length. Ovules and seeds numerous, slender-stalked, round-reniform. 
 
 * * Calyx, corolla, and ovary free (hypogynous). 
 -J— Shrubby : seeds obovate-oblong, somewhat hook-shaped ; embryo moderately curved in 
 scanty albumen. 
 
 2. TALINOPSIS. Sepals 2, ovate, when dried chartaceo-scarious and nervose, persistent. 
 Petals 5, oval, soon colliquescent. Stamens about 20, five at base of each petal ; anthers 
 oval. Introrse stigmas or style-branches 3, oblong, shorter than the style ; ovules and 
 marginless seeds numerous ; capsule fusiform-oblong, acuminate ; the coriaceous epicarp 
 3-valved from apex; chartaceous endocarp 6-valved and filiform sutures often separable from 
 the valves. No bracts. Leaves opposite. 
 
 -1— -t— Herbaceous : seeds reniform, hippocrepiform, or lenticular ; embryo peripheric 
 around the central albumen. 
 
 ++ Calyx 2-sepalous, herbaceous, deciduous, sometimes tardily so. 
 
 3. TALINUM. Petals 5, or sometimes 6 to 10, ephemeral. Stamens .5 to 30. Stigmas or 
 short lol)es of columnar style 3. Capsule globose or ovoid, 3-valved from top to bottom, 
 mauy-seeded ; seeds smooth and shining. 
 
 ++ ++ Calyx herbaceous (at least in part) and persistent. 
 ^ Style-branches 3 to 8 : capsule circumscissile near the base, thence splitting upwards 
 into short irregular lobes. 
 
 1 In 1887 Dr. Gray (Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 272-28.')) published a preliminary revision of the N. Am. 
 Portulacacem. His manuscript notes, however, indicate that he was not satisfied with the treatment 
 of Odiindrinia and its allies, and that he contemplated a further revision before publication. On this 
 account the editor has felt somewhat i^reater liberty in recasting this portion of the order. Although 
 the limits of the four genera above mentioned have been considerably modified in the light of recent 
 publications and some new material, Dr. Gray's specific descriptions have been kept wherever possible. 
 
Porlulaca. I'OK 'n'LACACK.E. 263 
 
 4. LEWISIA. Sepals 2 to 8. often glandular-denticulate. Petalu .3 to 16. Anthorn obloujf 
 to linear. Style-brain lies .'J to 8, .slender. CapKulc giolxwt-ovate, tliiu-cluirtaceom. ; weds 
 several to niany, lenticular, nio.Htly Minooth and nhining. 
 
 = .== Stylo-braucliefl 3 : cajwule 3-viilved from the apex : hopalu 2. 
 
 5. CALANDRINIA. Petals 3 to 7. Stamcnu (rarely 3) 5 to 12. wldoin of the naina 
 nunil.ir a.-; tlie petals. SeecLs usually numerous, small, Mack, finely fjninulated. Fle»hv 
 spreailini,' aiiiiu.ils with alternate leaves. 
 
 6. CLAYTONIA. I'etal.-i defmitely .'i, free, equal, con.ipicuuus. Stamens as manv. (»vule« 
 few, al.Mut G. Seeds dark and shining. Perennials from thick roots or conns.' Cauliue 
 leaves ojipijsite. 
 
 7. MONTIA. Petals 5 or fewer, usually .somewhat unecjual, and sometimes mor* or 1pm 
 coherent or connate at the base. Stamens 3 to 5. Ovules very few, niostlv 3. Seeds 2 or 3. 
 == = == Gyna-cium dimerous, i. e. sti^ina-s and valves only 2 : sepals orbiculate, whidiv 
 
 or partly siarious and accrescent, mostly plane and as it were bivalvular in fruit : lejives 
 all alternate : capsule membranaceous ; seeds reniform-lenticular, not strophiolate : anthesis 
 epliemeral : inflorescence usually secund. 
 
 8. SPRAGUEA. Sepals wholly scarious (or with mere greenish centre), emarginale at 
 apex and base, equal. Petals 4, obovate. Stamens 3, twice the length of the j)eUils; fila- 
 ments filiform ; anthers linear-oblong. Style very long, filiform ; stigma 2 lobed. Capsule 
 globose-ovate, few-seeded. 
 
 9. CALYPTRIDIUM. Sej>als .scarious-margincd or largely scarions, usuallv iine<|nal. 
 Petals 2 to 4, small (distinct), obovate. Stamens I, 2, or 3. shorter than the jK-tals ; fila- 
 ments subulate ; anthers oval or oblong. Stvle short or hnnilvanv; stignnus 2 fa'psule 
 linear t.) oval, G-24-secil.'(l. 
 
 1. PORTULACA. Tourn. Pikslank. (Latin name of Pur.<;Iane, of 
 uncertain derivation.) — Low herbs, flesliy, with h'lives alternate or partly oppo- 
 site, and stipules scarious or none, or reduced to hairy tufts ; the flowers terminal 
 and sessile, expanding in direct sun.'^hiiie before mid-day, .soon closing, and the 
 petals by evening colliquescent. Pyxis membranaceous to coriaceous. — Inst. 
 236, t. 118 ; L. Gen. no. 341 ; Gray, Gen. III. i. t. Ol).' 
 
 ♦ Leaves flat, naked in the axils or very nearly .so: very glabrous animals. 
 ■i— Stems terete : calyx-lobes dorsally carinate : no calycine border around the month of the 
 persistent part of the dehiscent capsule; lid high-conical and with acute tip: p«-tal8 
 yellow, emarginate. 
 
 P. oleracea, L. (Common PtnsLAKE.) Mostly prostrate: leaves cuneate- or spatulate- 
 obovate, with very obtuse or nearly truncate apex: calyx-lolics ovate, in bud ."omewhat 
 pointed l>y the ])rnjecting keel : stamens 7 to 12 : style-lobes 5 or 6: .seeds black, obtuselv 
 granulate. — Spec. i. 445; Kngelm. in (Jray, PI. Lindh. pt. 2. l.'J4 ; (iray. 1. c. — Common in 
 cult, grounds around dwellings, ami, as is thought, indigenous on the plains of Arkan.<i.s 
 Texas, and westward. (Cosmoj)olite.) 
 
 P. retlisa, Enoelm. Ascending, greener: leaves .somewhat more cnneate, often retu.se: 
 calyx lobes in bud obtuse, strongly carinate: jietals small or minute: stamens 7 to 19: st\le- 
 lobes 3 or 4 and shorter: .seeds larger and echinate-tulK'rculate. — Kngelm. in (Jrav. PI. 
 Lindh. pt. 2, l.'>4,& PI. Wright, i. 13; Hrew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 74. — Plains of Texas 
 and Arkansas to Arizona ^ and to the Colorado. 
 
 -t- Stem angled: petals acuti.sh or pointed: calyx-lobes ol>scurely carinate: a wingliko 
 iMirder around orifice of dehiscent capsule; lid dej)re!*.sed-conic.il. 
 P. lanceoldta, Engklm. 1. c. Erect or ascending : lower leaves spatnl.ite and obtuse ; 
 upi)er oblanceolate or narrower, sometimes acute: petals spatulate or oliovntc, yellow or 
 
 1 Add Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 274. 
 
 2 S. \V. Colorado, ace. to Coulter. Man. Hocky Mt. Rofj. 37; also roportcil from KanNU. Iowa, and 
 Minnesota, but perhaps confu.sed with the preceding nearly related ^pecie.'>. 
 
264 PORTULACACE.E. Portulaca. 
 
 orauge and partly red : stamens 7 to 27 : style-lobes 3 to 6 : capsule turbinate, winged with 
 a circular riui left by circumscissiou of the calyx above the aduate portion ; seeds rough- 
 tuherculate, cinereous. — Granitic region of W. Texas.i Liiidheimer, &c., to New Mexico and 
 Arizona,'- Wright, Greene, Rothrock. "Said not to be eaten by sw'iue, " Reverchon. (The 
 Cuban plant, coll. Wriyld, referred to tliis on account of the capsule, has bearded axils, and 
 is distinct, being probably P. oleracea, var. minor, Griseb.) 
 
 * * Leaves terete or nearly so, subulate-lanceolate to linear, hairy in their axils, otherwise 
 glabrous : calyx-lobes not carinate. 
 
 P. stelliformis, MociSo & Sesse. Perennial by creeping tuberou.s-thickened and some- 
 times inoniliforni rootstoeks : stems erect or ascending, a span to a foot high : leaves quite 
 terete, slender, mostly inch long, those involucrating the flowers in a radiating cluster much 
 surpassing them : axillary clusters of hairs short and soft : petals copper- or buff-colored, 
 obcordate or emarginate, quarter inch or more long : seeds blackish, grauulate-tuberculate, 
 with metallic lustre. — Moc. & Sesse ace. to DC. Prodr. iii. 353, under P.foUosa, and repre- 
 sented in Caiques des Dess. t. 389. " P. foliosa, Lindl. Mexicana," A. DC. Caiques des 
 Dess. 3 & 6. P. pilosa, Engelm. in Gray, PI. Wright, i. 13, in part; Gray, PI. Wright, ii. 20 
 (\a.T. erecta) ; Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. xxi. 417, with doubt, the tuberous roots indicated. 
 P. suffrutescens, Engelm. 13ot. Gaz. vi. 236, but is not suffrutescent. — Plains of W. Texas to 
 Arizona, Wright, &c. (Mex., Lower Calif.) 
 
 P. halimoides, L. Mostly perennial, fleshy-rooted, erect or diffuse, corymbosely branched : 
 leaves sliort, moderately flattened, half inch or less long, uppermost well involucrating the 
 flower-clusters : hair copious : petals yellow : capsule-lid depressed, much shorter than the 
 basal portion ; seeds granulose, reddish, at least when young. — Spec. ed. 2, i. 639 (Sloane, 
 Jam. t. 129, f. 3); DC. Prodr. iii. 354; Griseb. Fl. W. Ind. 57. — Keys of Florida, Blodgett, 
 Garber, Curtiss. (W. Ind.) 
 
 P. pilosa, L. Annual, sometimes indurating in age,'* ascending or spreading : leaves nearly 
 terete, linear-subulate, half or quarter inch long, either much or little surpassing the copious 
 axillary hair : petals from carmine to crimson or purple, a line or two long, retuse : capsule- 
 lid hemispherical ; seeds blackish and with metallic lustre, muriculate-granulose. — Spec. i. 
 445 (Coram. Ilort. t. 5 ; Pluk. Aim. t. 247, f. 7, &c.) ; Bot. Keg. t. 792 ; Griseb. 1. c. -- Sandy 
 open ground, Florida and Texas to Arizona,* and a few places in California, where probably 
 introduced. (All Trop. Am., &c.) 
 
 P. parvula, Gray. Annual, or becoming fleshy-rooted, depressed and diffuse : leaves 
 nearly terete, oblong-linear, obtuse, 2 to 5 lines long, with copiously hairy axils : petals 
 yellow and copper-colored, barely aline long : lid liigh-liemispherical, fully as long as basal 
 part of capsule ; seeds pale red, minutely granulate. — Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 274. P. pilosa. 
 Gray, PI. Fendl. 14, & PI. Wright, i. 13, in part; Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 329, in part, 
 &c. — Plains of W. Texas and New Mexico, Fendler, Wright. (Mex.,* Schaffner, 772, 
 Pringle, 543, &c.) 
 P. grandifl(3ra. Hook., of Extra-tropical S. America, related to P. pilosa, is the showy 
 
 Portulaca of ornamental cultivation. It tends to become spontaneous in the S. Atlantic States. 
 
 2. TALINOPSIS, Gray. (Likeness to Talinum, which is not close.) — 
 PI. Wright, i. 14, t. 3 ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 157, where " sepala 3 " is a 
 misprint. — Single species. 
 
 1 P. coronata, Small (Bull. Terr. Club, xxiii. 126), from Stone Mt., Georgia, if distinct, is a very 
 closely related species. Although Dr. Small has kindly furnished excellent alcoholic material of tlie 
 Georgia plant, it has been impossible as yet to find satisfactory- distinctions between it and the Te.xan 
 species. Perhaps these may appear when better material of the latter can be obtained. 
 
 2 Also Lower Calif., Brandegee. 
 
 8 Specimens with distinctly perennial roots have been collected at Eustis, Fla., Xash, which, while 
 resemi>ling P. halimoides \n habit, have the capsule of P. pilosa. 
 
 •* Northward to Greene Co., Missouri, Blanhinship, S. Kansas, Carhton, and the canon of the 
 Arkansas in Colorado, ace. to Miss Eastwood, Zne. ii. 228. 
 
 5 Also reported by Brandegee, from Lower Calif. 
 
Talinum. I'OKTLLACACE.K. 205 
 
 T. frutescens, Guvv, l. »•. 15. A f<><.t <tr ho liif^h, w<mkIv to tin- n-|M-at<-<lly iliilnnoiiiuuii 
 lymcs: tlowurs .scs.sik- in the forks : Iciivc.x verv Hi-sliy, nliurl liiii-jir, iiritc, tin- paint upproxi- 
 mate, alrto fiusiirli-il in axil.s: lomlla |iur|)lf. eplifnu-ral : lapwulc lialf indi i.r nion; long, 
 twice tlif len;(lli <«f the calvx. — Mountain vallevH, near \'.\ I'xho ami adjacent N«'W Mexiro, 
 Wriylit. (Adj. Mtx., /'riw/le, to San Lui« l'ot<Jsi, I'arry &. I'almtr, Sr/mj/her.) 
 
 3. TALINUM, Adans. (Etymology obscure.) — Chiefly tropiral ami 
 American herbs, the only species of temperate regions North American, usually 
 tuberous-rooted. — Fam. ii. 245, excl. spec. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 3.>G ; Fen/1, Ann. 
 Wien. Mus. ii. 296; Gniy, Gen. 111. i. 22.3, t. 98; Benth. & Hook. 1. c.» 
 
 » Leaves plane, niodemtely fleshy: flowers in loose cymes forminj^ lonj; ami naked pauielei«. 
 T. patens, U'ii-lh. Ileri)aeeous or fleshy-snffrutescent at l»:ise from a tulxrous root, unu- 
 ally tall and ereet or iiscending: leaves oliovate or spatulate, varying to ol.lanreolate, iu»me- 
 what petiolate, 2 to 4 inches long : pedicels rtliform : sepals early deciduous : petals either 
 rose-color or yellow, a line or two long : stamens numerous: seeds brown or hlack. — Spec, 
 ii. 863 ; DC. 1. c. ."557 ; Rohri). in Mart. Fl. Urns. xiv. |)t. 2, 290. t. 67. The form with r«j(«e- 
 colored corolla is Portulncn ii<inicnl<ita,,]a.(i\. ICnum. I'l. t'arili. 22, Stirp. Amer. 148, & llort. 
 Vind. ii. t. 151 (not L.), & T. jttiuicuhilum, (Ja-rtn. Fruct. ii. 219, t. 128. The yellow-flowered 
 form is T. rejiexum, Cav. Ic. i. 1, t. 1 ; Sini.s, Hot. .Mag. t. l.'J43 ; DC. 1. c. ; Gniy, I'l. Wright, 
 ii. 20 ; & T. spal/tulatum, p]ngelm. in Gray, I'l. Wright, i. 14; the latter pa.tsing into \'ar. 
 8arment6sum. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 275 ('/'. sartnentosum, Engelni. in (iray, I'l. 
 Lindh. pt 2, 153; Gray, I'l. Wright, i. 14), which sends off prucumbeut stems. — I'lains of 
 Texas to Arizoua.- (Mex., W. Ind., S. Am.) 
 
 * # Leaves flattish or nearly terete, fleshy, lanceolate to linear: flowers axillary : stamens 
 numerous. 
 
 T. lineare, IIBK. A span tea foot or more high, many-stemmed from an oblong or napi- 
 form tul)orous root (said to be esculent), a.scending. loo.sely branching, leafy throughout: 
 leaves from lanceolate and 3 inches long by 3 lines wide to narrowly linear and subterete 
 and some only half inch long: peduncle longer than the flower, articulated .and 2-bracteo- 
 late lielow the middle, I (cMCUsioually 2-3)-tiowered, recurved in fruit: sejKils ovate, a«'U- 
 minate, 3-nerved, tardily deciduous from the capsule: petals from light yellow to orange 
 and flame-color, about half inch long: seeds consj)icuously strophiolate, sjiliently pluricos- 
 tate. — Nov. Gen. &. Spec. vi. 77, the most narrow-leaved form. T. aitniiitiaruin, Kngclm. 
 1. c. ; Gr.ay, PI. Wright, i. 14, & ii. 20, with var. uiiiptslissimuiii, which passes intotlie i>ro.ider- 
 leaved form. Culanarinin tuherosa, Henth. I'l. Hartw. 9, early state. — Kocky gmund, W. 
 Texa,s to Arizona ; fl. summer. (Mex.) 
 
 T. brevifolium, Torr. Depressed, an inch to a span high from a large and deep liranch- 
 ing perenni.al root : leaves crowded, short and thick, quarter to over half inch long, narmw- 
 spatulate or davate, apparently suliterete : flowers .solitary in upper axils, on very short 
 erect pedicels articulaterl at b.-i-se: sepals -and glol>ose-ovoid capsule barely 2 lines long, alniut 
 half the length (jf the pink-red petals: stamens about 20 : style as long iis the ovary, 3-<left 
 at summit: seeds nearly smooth and even, with grayish pellicle. — Torr. in Sitgreaves, Zufii 
 Rep. 156. T. hrachi/pixiiim, Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. xx. 355. — New Mexico, on the Little 
 Colora<lo, Sitfjreares ; near Indian Village of Laguna or Komack, f^mmnii. 
 
 ♦ * * Leaves terete, linear, wholly fleshy : flowers in termin.al iHdumulate and commonly 
 scapose naked cymes. 
 
 -t- Surpassed by the leaves. 
 
 T. humile, fiRKEXK. Aoaule.scent, a short and slentler camiex fmm a napiform orango- 
 
 colored tuber, l)earing at the ground a dense cluster of ten-te leaves (2 or 3 inche.* long and 
 
 a line or two thick) " lying flat on the gnmnd " : scape barely inch long, rather shorter than 
 
 the twice or thrice dichotomous 5-10-flowered cyme: " jwlals light yellow, ch.iuging to 
 
 1 Add (Irny, Proc. Am. .\cftd. xxii. 275. 
 
 • AIsoS. and Centr. Florida, Simpton, Xntli, and I^uisiana. (AWrW, where called "pink rtar- 
 flowers." 
 
266 PORTULACACE.E. Talinum. 
 
 orauge " : calyx promptly deciduous from the capsule : seeds liueatecostate in the way of T. 
 
 lineare. — Bot. Gaz. vi. 183. — Rocky table-laud of I'iuos Altos Mountaius, New Mexico, 
 
 Greene. 
 
 -J— -)— Scapiform sleuder peduncle much surpassing the leaves : styles united to the top ; 
 stigmas short and broad : valves of the capsule in dehiscence tending to separate from 
 and leave behind tliree setaceous sutures in the way of Capparidacece ; fl. summer. — 
 Phemeranthus, Raf. Speech, i. 86. 
 
 ++ Stamens 20 to 30 : petals rose-color : capsule ovoid-globose. 
 T. spinescens, Torr. Fleshy caudex short and multicipital, beset witli short subulate 
 spines, which are the indurated persistent midribs of the older (iialf incli lung) very obtuse 
 leaves ; these all densely clustered : scape a span or two high, inclusive of tiie very spreading 
 several times forking cyme : petals deep rose-red, 3 or 4 lines long : seeds large (aline wide), 
 dull and coarsely rugulose. — Bot. Wilkes Exped. 250. — I'lains and rocks, State of Wash- 
 ington, ^ Pickering & Brackenridge, Brandegee, Suksdorf, Nevius. 
 
 T. teretifolium, Pursh. Leafy stems short and rather thick, branching, ascending from 
 fleshy rootstock: leaves an inch or two long, cylindrical, a line or more thick: scapiform 
 peduncles a span or two high : cyme minutely bracteate at tiie forkings : petals 5, quarter 
 inch long: stamens 15 to 20, ecjualling the short straight style : sepals promptly deciduous 
 from the capsule (2 or 3 lines long) ; seeds nearly smootli and with a very thin gray pellicle, 
 only half a line wide. — Fl. ii. 365 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 819 ; Darliugt. Fl. Cest. ed. 1, 56, 
 t. 3 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 196 ; Bot. Reg. xxix. t. 1 ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 226, t. 98 ; Meehan, 
 Native Flowers, ser. 1, ii. 53, t. 14. Phemeranthus teretijblius, Raf. 1. c. — Rocks, especially 
 of serpentine, W. North Carolina 2 and Tennessee to E. Texas, north to Tennsylvania and 
 Minnesota. 
 
 T. calycinum, Engelm. Rootstock thicker : bracts of cyme more conspicuous : flowers and 
 capsule one half larger : petals commonly 8 or 10: stamens 30 or more: sepals tardily de- 
 ciduous from the fruit: style exserted, declinate. — Engelm. in Wisliz. Tour in Northern 
 Mex., 88, & in Gray, PI. Fendl. 14, PI. Lindh. pt. 2, 154. — Sandy soil. Upper Arkansas 
 and Cimarron Rivers,^ Wislizenus, Woodhouse. 
 
 ++ ++ Stamens 5 : petals pale rose or whitish : capsule mostly oval. (Here T. napi forme, 
 DC, & T. Mexicanum, Hemsl.) 
 T. parvifloruna, Nutt. Short-stemmed or subcaulescent from thick and more or less 
 fleshy branching roots : leaves and inflorescence of the preceding, but small or more slender, 
 and pedicels shorter : sepals and petals hardly over a line long, the latter tardily deciduous : 
 seeds of T. teretifolium but smaller. — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 197 ; Engelm. in Gray, 
 PI. Lindh. pt. 2, 154; Gray, PI. Fendl. 14, & PI. Wright, ii. 20. T. confertifJorum, Greene, 
 Bull. Torr. Club, viii. 121, a form with smaller and denser cymes. — Rocks and plains, W. 
 Arkansas* and Texas to Colorado and Arizona; first coll. by Nuttall. (Max., Pr ingle.) 
 
 4. LEWtSIA, Pursh. Bitter-root. (Capt. Meriwether Lewis, leader of 
 the first U. S. expedition across the continent, first to make the principal species 
 known.) — Perennial acaulescent or nearly acaulescent herbs, with a thick and 
 perpendicular fleshj^ and farinaceous caudex and root, the crown bearing in spring 
 a rosulate cluster of fleshy leaves and either short 1 -flowered scapes or scapose- 
 stalked panicles : flowers conspicuous and handsome, white to roseate or deep 
 red. — Fl. ii. 3G8 ; Nutt. Gen. ii. 13, & Jour. Acad. Philad. vii. 24, t. 2; Hook. 
 
 1 Also at Stump Lake, Brit. Cdlumbia, ^fcEvoy. 
 
 2 Southward to Central Georgia. Small, westward to the mountains of Colorado, ace. to Coulter. 
 (Rocky Mountain specimens so labelled, and seen by the editor, appear to be T. pnrrijlorum.) 
 
 3 Also in Greene Co., Missouri, Blnnkinship, in Arkansas, on Middle Fork of Red River, Marcy 
 Exp. (T. teretifolium, Torr. in Marcy, Red. Riv. Rep. 281), and on "hills of the Blancos," Texas, 
 Wright. 
 
 * Northward to Pipestone City, Minn., Sheldon. 
 
Lewisia. l'< )KI ILAC ACK.K. 2(J7 
 
 Bot. Misc. i. .']J'), t. 70, .^- Fl. r...r.-Aiii. i. I'l'.! ; IL.ok. \ Am. Hut. l5.-.-,l,. :;| j. 
 t. HG ; Wats. liot. Kiii<^ Kx|». J I ; IJriw. cS: Wats. Uut. Calif, i. 7«. Tin- {^«iuis 
 is here considerably e.vteiuled to iiieliule tliu tliick-rooted perennial section of 
 Ca/inifln'nia (J? J*<ir/ii/rr/ii:ea, (Iray, I'roe. Am. Acad, xxii, li7<J), ri;,'htlv sepa- 
 rated from Cahnu/niiia by Th. Howell on the very different dehiscence of the 
 cajtsules. Mr. Howell's <;enus Orfobruma ( Krythea, i. 31), however, cannot be 
 distini,'uished from Lewisia by a single constant or satisfa<-tory generic character 
 as well indicated by K. Hrandej^ee, I'roc. Calif. Acad. Sci, ser. 2, iv. Hi). [Kc-- 
 vised and extended by ]>. L. HouixsoN.] 
 
 § 1. Sepals or sepaloid bracts 4 to 8 (in L. rcdiriru, var. (?) Yusemitttna, 
 reduced to 2). 
 
 ♦ Scape jointed above the middle and hcariiig an involucre of 2 or more scarious suhulato 
 bracts : cotyledons accunibcnt. — Lewisia proper. 
 
 L. rediviva, Pursh, l. c. (Hitter-ikmjt, Uacixe i>'A.Mi:KE.) I^eaves in a dense tuft, 
 usually shorter than tlie scapes, incli or two long, subdavate : involucre of 5 to 7 subulate 
 scaiious bracts: sepals 6 to 8, strongly imbricated, broad-oval, somewhat j>etaloid: corolla 
 l)right rose-color varviiig to white, of 12 to 16 oval or at k-n|,rth spatulate (an inch or more 
 long) petals, rotately spreading in sunshine: stamens 40 or more: style-liranchcs alnjut 8. — 
 Hook. f. 15ot. .Mag. t. 539.5.1 L. aiha, Kellogg, I'roc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ii. 115, f. 36. — H»K-ky 
 Mountains from north of Hritish boundary to Wyoming and Utah, west to the Cascade 
 Mountains and Sierra Nevada down to San Uernardino Co., and Arizona, and even on' 
 Monte Diablo of the Contra Costa range, California. 
 
 Var.* (? ) Yosemitana, K. Bkandkuek, 1. c. 89. Closely similar to the tvije iu habit, 
 but very depauperate and with the number of parts in the flowers much reduced : sepids 2, 
 broad, concave, and emarginate : petals 5. — Yosemite \'alley, Calif., Mrs. W. F. LiMtd. 
 
 ♦ * Scapes not jointed near the middle but just beneath the caly.x proper, the bracts from 
 the joint 2, decu.ssate with 2 sepals, which they usually closely subtend and much resem- 
 ble : cotvledous incumbent or obliijue. 
 
 L.* Kelloggii, K. Bu.vxdecee. Dwarf: leaves spatulate, obtuse or retuse ; blades 6 lines 
 to an inch in length ; the petiides thick, very broad l»elow ; outer leaves liractlike Iteing broad 
 oblong-lanceolate scarious i)hyllodia: j)edunclcs 4 to 7 lines in length, jointed at the l>ase • 
 involucre none: sepals 4, oMong-lanceolate, acute, finciv glandular-toothed, 3 to 4 lines in 
 length: petals .5, white, .it lea-^t twice as long: .stamens 12 to 15: style-branches 5 ; coty- 
 ledons obliipie (ace. to Mrs. Rrandegee). — I'roc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, iv. 88. L. brachy- 
 cali/T, Greene, Fl. Francis. 176, not Engelm. — CJranitic sand on the Sierra Nevada Mts., 
 Central California, at Cisco, Kellixjfj (1870); Sierra Nevada, without e.xact Ux-ality, .Vi//r 
 (1872); and in I'himas Co., ^frs. Austin (1877). Clearly distinguished from the following 
 species by its glandular-denticulate sepals. 
 
 L.* brach^calyx, Kxcei.m. Leaves spreading in an open rosulate cluster, spatulate and 
 oblanccolate, moderately fleshy, 1 to 4 inches long (including tlie margined ju'tiolc). sur- 
 pa.ssing the scapes: .sejials 4, decus.sate, oval to oblong, much shorter than the corolla, outer 
 pair narrower : petals 5 to 9, cnneate-obovate, white, sometimes purjile veiny, half inch to 
 almost inch long: stamens 10 to 15: styU^branches 5 to 7. — F.ngelni. in (iray, I'roc. Am. 
 Acad. vii. 400 ; Wats. 1. c. 45 ; Brew. & Wat.s. Bot. Calif, i. 79. — In wet pn.uml. mountains 
 of Arizona, AVic/xTr//, Palmer ; S. Utah, Parri/, &c. ; San Bernardino Co.. Calif., Punsh. 
 
 § 2. OREonuoMA, Howell, 1. c, as genus. Calyx of 2 sepals, without closely 
 subtending bracts. 
 
 ♦ Root .stout, more or less elong.ated, at lea.-^t oblong-conical, l>earing at its summit one or 
 more short thick erect caudices. 
 
 1 Add Gnrdon. xxxi. 124, t. 582 ; rnilliciix & H.-is, Hull. Soc. Nat. .\ccliniat. xxxvi. 44.3-448 
 (1889), with wood-cut. 
 
268 PORTULACACE.E. Leicisia. 
 
 ■t— Seeds grauulate, conspicuously strophiolate or arillate at tlie hilum. 
 L.* Tweedyi, Kobixson, n. comb. Caudex and root very thick: leaves obovate, fleshy 
 (2 to 4 inches long, including the winged petiole, and inch or two wide), rather shorter thau 
 the 1-3-flowered fructiferous scapes: fructiferous sepals orbicular, or broadly ovate, obtuse, 
 somewhat scarious and colored (5 lines long) and with tlie alternate narrower bracts of the 
 scape entire and glandless : petals apparently inch long: stamens 10 or 11 : capsule 20-30- 
 seeded, S-valved from below upward ; seeds with a large loose scalelike round-reniform 
 arillus rather than strophiole. — Cahuidrima Tweedyi, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 277. 
 Ortobroiiui Tweedyi, Howell, 1. c. 32. — Alpine region, on the sides of Wenatchee Mountains, 
 Yakima region, Wasliington, at 6,000-7,000 feet alt., Tweedy, Brandegee. 
 
 -»— -»— Seeds obscurely or not at all strophiolate, mostly very smootli and shining. 
 ++ Plant rarely a span high, from an oblong-conical root : scapes 1-3-flowered, mostly with 
 
 a pair of bracteal small leaves, not surpassing the linear or spatulate-lanceolate moderately 
 
 fleshy radical leaves. 
 L.* Nevadensis, Kobixsox, n. comb. Sepals ample, in fruit 4 or 5 lines long, entire : petals 
 (J tu 8, white, half inch long, unequal : stamens 6 to 9 : ovules 30 to 40. — Calandrinia 
 Nevadensis, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 623, xxii. 276; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 75. 
 Talinum pygm(tum, Wats. Bot. King Exp. 42, in part. Oreobroma Nevade7isis, Howell, 1. c. 
 33. — Sierra Nevada, California, from San Bernardino Co., northward, east to the Wasatch 
 Mts. in Utah, and north to Washington; first coll. by Watson. 
 L.* pygmeea, Robinson, n. comb. Smaller: scapes less stout: sepals erose-dentate at tlie 
 quasi-truncate summit, the teeth gland-tipped : petals 6 to 8, rose-red : stamens about as 
 many: ovules 1.5 to 20: otherwise as in the preceding. — Talinum pi/ynuntm, Gray, Am. 
 Jour. Sci. ser. 2, xxxiii. 407 ; Wats. 1. c, in part. Calandrinia pugnwa, Gray, Proc. Am. 
 Acad. viii. 623, xxii. 276, not Muell. C. Grayi, Britton, Bull. Torr. Club, xvii. 312. Oreo- 
 broma pygmcea, Howell, 1. c. — Alpine region of the Rocky Mountains, Montana and 
 AVyoming to Colorado (first coll. by Parry), west to the Cascade Range, northward to the 
 British boundary, and southward to the Sierra Nevada of California. 
 ++ ++ Scapes or scapiform stems a span or two high from a thick multicipital caudex on 
 
 a long and thick root, paniculately several-many-flowered : sepals (as in the last preceding 
 
 species) rounded or subtruncate and erose-dentate or fimbriate, much shorter than the 
 
 obovate rose-red petals. 
 = Caulescent : a pair or two of opposite or subopposite foliar oblanceolate leaves on the 
 
 stem not far from the base : calyx-teeth and floral bracts glandless. 
 L.* oppositifolia, Robinson, n. comb. Leaves narrowly oblanceolate, the radical and 
 lower cauline similar, 18 lines to 3 inches long, acutish : flowers few, large, long-pedicelled, 
 shortly racemose or subumbellately clustered : bracts of the inflorescence ovate-oblong, 
 somewhat scarious, subentire or erose-denticulate, but with teeth glandless. — Calandrinia 
 opj)ositifolia, Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. xx. 355; Gard. Chron. ser. 3, iv. 601, f. 83; Garden, 
 xl. 485, with fig.; Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 7051. Oreobroma oppositifolia, Howell, 1. c. 32. — 
 Bare moist hillsides, near Waldo, Oregon, and on the Coast Mts. of Del Norte Co., Calif., 
 Howell. 
 = = Foliar leaves essentially basal ; those of tlie stem much reduced and bractlike ; 
 
 floral bracts and calyx with fine glandular-tipped teeth. 
 a. Leaves fleshy but flattened, obovate to spatulate, rather large, 2 or 3 inches long, usually 
 
 half inch or more in breadth. 
 L.* Cotyledon, Robinson, n. comb. Leaves obovate-spatulate ; those of the cymosely 
 several-flowered scape very few and reduced to small oblong alternate or subopposite bracts : 
 petals about 10, large and red : stamens 7 or 8 ; their filaments dilated and more or less 
 coherent at the base: ovules 15 to 20. — Calandrinia Cotyledon, Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. xx. 
 355. Oreobroma Cotyledon, Howell, 1. c. — Siskiyou Mountains of N. California, Howell. 
 L.* Howellii, Robinson, n. comb. Leaves narrower, spatulate, with margins scarious and 
 crisped: flowers large, "red, streaked with orange": stamens nearly or quite free to the 
 base. — Calandrinia Howellii, Wats. 1. c. xxiii. 262. Oreobroma Howellii, Howell, 1. c. — 
 Moony Mountains, Josephine Co., Oregon. Perhaps only a form of the last. 
 
Culandrlnia. P( UnTLACACK.i:. 2G9 
 
 6. Leaves smaller, Hat, narmwlv ..MaiKciate or hj.atuiat.-, in. li ur tw., l.,i.(j, a ,,uart.-r to a 
 third inch liroad. 
 
 L.* Columbiana, Hoiun.hon, n. coml>. " Not Klaucouu." 4 to 12 inches hi^h : ntcin beariug 
 few or ratli.r rmiiitrous Hhort-oMong ;;lan<lulart(Mjtlie(l braetH : iurtoremenrc 1o<»»m«1v |>aiiicu- 
 late, sevfrai-inanv flo\veri'<l ; tlowi-rf* con-sidt-nihly Hnialier than in thi- prerolin^ iitMMien, red : 
 petals ahoiit 4 or 5 line.i lon^. — Ctlaudriuia Coiuml,„n„i, How.-ll. in (Jray. l'r.M-. Am. AcmU. 
 xxii. 277. Onnhruma Columbiana, Howell, 1. c. — From the C<iluiiil.ia Hivi-r, Orejjon, Iloutll, 
 to the Olympic Mis., Ileinlerson, and Vancouver I«l., ./. M. .\/„r„„„ ,• lirKt coll by LyaH ■ fl' 
 June, July. J 'S > • 
 
 c. Leaves small, a.s in the la.st, but "terete." 
 
 L.* Ledna, Robinson, n. coml>. Much like the la.st, but said to lie plaucons. 4 to 8 indu-n 
 high: inHiirescence a much-branched many-Howere.l panid.-; stems <li»articnlatirn; at the 
 kuse shortly after antiiesis (a trait erroneously attributed t<i the preceding specii-s bv Dr. 
 Gray, 1. c.) : petals about 7, " white streaked with red " : stamens 5 to 8 : ovules 5 to H (some 
 abortive and .seeds fewer '.) : bracts as in the preccling s|.ecif8 fimbriate and with reddish 
 beautifully glandular-tipped tcetli. — t'(i/rt;«/r/;i/(i Lenwi, I'orter, Hot. (iaz. i. 40; (Jniv, 1. c. 
 277. Oreobroma Leaua, Howell. 1. c. 31. — Siskiyou Mts. of California and Oregon, /.rr, 
 Howell. 
 
 ♦ * Stems slender, 1 to several, arising from a small globular conn : single anomalouii 
 species, with habit of Clayloniu, but with circum.scissile dehiscence of the cai>sule. 
 
 L.* triph^lla, Uouinson, n. comb. Corm barely quarter inch thick : plant 1 to 4 inches 
 higli: radical leaves unknown; cauline a pair or sometimes a whorl of tiiree, narrowly 
 linear, sessile (half inch to 2 inches long) : paniculate cyme 2-20-tiowered ; |H'<liceIs slender 
 and erect in fruit : petals oblong, 3 to 10,2 lines long: cap.sule oblong-<onical. — <'7„,/^„„a 
 triphi/lta, Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. x. 345 ; Gray, 1. c. xxii. 278. Oreobroma triphylla, Howell, 
 L c. 33. — Subalpine, Sierra Nevada, California, from al»ove the Yosemite northwanl to 
 Washington, fir.st coll. by the late Pr<,f. Ilolton, next by Watson, in the triphyllous state; 
 structure of the capsule noticed by Henderson. 
 
 5. CALANDRlNIA, HBK. {J. L. Calamfnnt, a Genevan botani.st of the 
 18th century.) — Pacific-American and Andean (with some outlyin<? Australian) 
 low herbs, mostly alternate-leaved, and witli ephemeral red or rose-colored 
 Hovvers. — Nov. Gen. & Spec. vi. 77, t. 526, as to C. caulescens, the first descr. 
 spec. ; Howell, Erythea, i. 33. Calnndrinia § Eucalandrinia, Gray, 1. c. 277. — 
 The genus is here limited as by Mr. Howell to tho.se species having the capsules 
 dehiscent from the aj)ex. Ours are all annuals. [Revised and restricted bv 
 
 B. L. Robinson.] 
 
 * Herbage green : cap.<ule oblongobovate, acute ; seeds rather numen)us, lenticular, punc- 
 ticulate, minutely strophiolate. 
 
 C. caulescens, II HK. (Jlabrousor slightly pubescent, or leaves and sep.ils ciliate. some- 
 what snci uJiMit : steins ascending, a span to a foot high: leaves spatulate-oblanceolate to 
 linear : Hower.s racemo.>iely extr.i-axillary, short-pedicelled : petals 3 to .'i, rose-red to whitish, 
 2 to 4 lines long : stamens 3 to 6 or more : fructiferous sepals ovate, short-acuminate or apicu- 
 late, enveloping the ovate capsule and of about its length ; the miiirib slightly prominent. 
 — Nov. Gen. & Spec. vi. 78. t. 520; DC. I'rodr. iii. 3.-)9 : (;ray. Pr<K-. Am. Aca<l. xxii. 277. 
 C. micrnniha, Schlecht. Hort. Hal. 9, t. ."i, small-flowered form. — Low gn>un<I. .Vri/ona and 
 S. E. California. Pritiijle, /'arisli, to islands of Ixiwer California, Palmer, ami on Columbia 
 Kiver.i S,dsd..rr. Ihudnsnu. (Mex. to Bolivia.) Pa.si<es to 
 
 Var. Menzi^sii, Cm v, l. c. Flowers larger and longer-pedunrled : petals quarter to 
 half inch long, rose-red or purple: stamens 4 to 11. — Tnhnum (CaUindrinia) Mtnziffii, 
 Hook. Fl. nor.-.\m. i. 22-1, t. 7(). small form, in fruit, pn.liably from California. C Mtnzifiii, 
 Torr. & (Jray. Fl. i. l'J7 ; Hrew. & Wats. Hot. Calif, i. 74. C. «/.«ti<..«i, Lin.U. Bot. Heg. 
 
 1 Also vicinity of VictDria, Brit. Columbia, M<\coun (iii>ocinicn distrib. ns C. Mfn:i($ii). 
 
270 PORTULACACE.E. Cala?ulrinia. 
 
 t. 1598. C.elegans, Spach, Hist. Veg. v. 232. C. pulchella, Lilja, Linnaja, xvii. 108. — 
 Low grounds throughout W. California and northward to Brit. Columbia ; variable. 
 
 C. Bre'weri, Watson. ^ Stems lax, ascending or trailing, commonly a foot long : leaves 
 sjjalulate : flowers sparse : pedicels longer, often declined or refracted in fruit : capsule 
 narrower and longer, 5 lines long, becoming nearly twice the length of tlie calyx. — Proc. 
 Am. Acad. xi. 124 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Cahf. i. 74. C Menziesii, var. macrucarpa, Gray, 
 Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. iii. 102. — Santa Inez Mountains, near Santa Barbara, California, 
 Brewer:^ (La GruUa, Lower Calif., Orcutt.) 
 
 ■* * Glaucous : capsule ovoid, obtuse ; seeds more turgid, dull and grayisli, rougliish, con- 
 spicuously strophioiate. 
 C. maritima, Nutt. Depressed and small : leaves mostly rosulate at tlie root, obovate or 
 spatulate : flowers in a loose naked cyme : petals red : fructiferous sepals ovate, 2 lines long, 
 a little shorter than the capsule. — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 197 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. 
 Calif, j. 75. — Coast of S. California, near San Diego, Nutlall, Thurber, and Santa Monica, 
 Parry.^ 
 
 * * * Very succulent annual : capsule ovoid, obtuse ; seeds rather numerous, obovate and 
 lenticular, naked at hilum. 
 
 C. sesuvioides, Gray. Depressed and spreading from a stout ta))-root : stems a span or 
 more long, leafy : leaves linear-spatulate, tiattish and strongly edged, very obtuse, inch or 
 more long, some of them opposite: flowers in terminal and lateral somewhat umbellate 
 clu.sters ; pedicels rather longer tlian the calyx, not jointed : sepals broadly ovate, obtuse, 
 nearly equalling the chartaceous capsule, equalling or exceeding the 5 obovate white petals: 
 stamens 5, sometimes 6 or 8 : style very short ; stigma subcapitate, undivided : seeds shining, 
 minutely puncticulate. — Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 278. Claytonia ambiyua, Wats. ibid. xvii. 
 365.* — Colorado Desert, at ludio and El Rio, on the Californian side of the river, Lemmon, 
 Parish. 
 
 6. CLAYT6NIA, Gronov. Spring Beauty. (Dedicated by Gronovius 
 to John Clayton^ of Virginia, from whose collections and observations he edited the 
 Flora Virginica.) — Low and very glabrous moderately succulent perennials from 
 a corm or thickened caudex, sending up radical leaves and scapes or flowering 
 stems bearing a single pair of opposite leaves (in one species the 1 to 3 cauline 
 leaves commonly alternate). Flowers usually opening for two or three days. Sta- 
 mens always 5. Capsule 3-valved from the top, about G-seeded ; seeds smooth and 
 shining, mostly with an evident conical or depressed white strophiole at the hilum 
 (as noticed by Humb. &. Bonpl. PI. ^quin. i. 91). — Gronov. ace. to L. Gen. 
 no. 849, & Fl. Virg. 25; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 198; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 223, 
 t. 97, & Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 278, in part; Howell, Erythea, i. 35; K, Bran- 
 degee, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, iv. 89. — A genus essentially confluent with 
 Montia, but scarcely to be united with it, owing to the diverse habit of the more 
 typical species of the two. The most practicable, although none too definite, di- 
 vision is that suggested by Th. Howell and by K. Brandegee, vf\\evehy C laytonia is 
 
 1 It has been suggested (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, iv. 90) that this species is the Chilian 
 C. cvmpressa, Schrad., — a possible identity, which, with the scanty and not very authoritatively 
 named material at iiand of the Chilian plant, can neither be confirmed nor wholly disproved. The 
 number of stamens in the Californian plant is about 6, in the Chilian said to be 3 or 4. 
 
 2 Also on the Island of Sta. Cruz, Brandegee, and apparently the same on Mt. Tamalpais, 
 Blankinship. 
 
 8 Also on the Island of Sta. Cruz, Brandegee, and Lower Calif., Palmer. 
 
 * Add syn. Cnlnndrinin ambigun, Howell, Krythea, i. .34. It is much to be regretted that Dr. Gray 
 in transferring this species to Calandrinia did not retain the original specific name. 
 
CUiylonia. J'( tU 1 | LACACK.K. 271 
 
 limited, as here, to th«! rormatosc and caudicosc nn'inlHTs of Kuclatjionia, Gray 
 (Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 27H). [Kt.-vised and reslri<t«d by H. L. Koni.v.sr.N.] 
 * Typical Clnytonia. (Simung Bkauty.) Coriiioso ; the i*lfii(ior 2-lcavc-.l HtoiiiH nixl Hfianuj 
 and few radiLjil leavm (rarely tootain'tms) from a fliep >,'!<)liular torm : leaven linear lo 
 oblong: petals light rose, usually with (leeper-eolore.l veins: few (»ee<!e<l eap«ule .%valved 
 from top; the valves ehartaeeous and more or li-ss eonduplieate in age, iMTsiKi.nt : rsK e 
 niiform iutloreseenco mainly braetless : Jlowers (produced in earlv spring) laitting for a 
 few days: pedieels recurved or drooping in fruit : seeds lenticular, rather uarrow-tdged, 
 very sliiuing. Species almost confluent in a series. 
 
 C. Virginica, L. A span or two high from a d.cp and rather large globular comprcjwed 
 corm : leaves linear-lanceolato or linear, 2 to G inches long including the graduallv ta[>ering 
 base or margined petiole, 1 to 4 lines broad : raceme rather longpedunded, at length 
 rather many-Howered : petals often half inch long. —Spec. i. 204; Lam. 111. t. 144, f. I ; 
 Schk. Ilandl). t. 50; Michx. Fl. i. 160; Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 941 ; I^.dd. Bot. Cab. t.' 64.3; 
 Sweet, Brit. Fl. (Jard. ser. 2, t. 163 ; tiray, Gen. 1)1. i. t. 97 ; Meehan. Native Flowers, 8or. l] 
 i. 157, t. 40. C. ;/raii(li/loni (&, C. Siinsii), Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. t. 216. C. uruli/lora, 
 Sweet, llort. Brit. ed. 2, 220.— Woods, in light soil or leaf mould. Nova Scotia t<j Minne- 
 sota,' south to Upper Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas, west to the I{<K-ky Mountains in 
 Colorado. Flowers sometimes heterogone-dimorphous, as shown by E. L. Hankenson.'^ 
 
 C. Caroliniana, Micux. Lower and fewer-flowered: leaves oblong, oblong-lanceolate, or 
 somewhat spatulate, with blade an inch or two long, abruptly contracted into a margined 
 petiole of same or scarcely half the length : flowers rather smaller. — Fl. i. 160; Ell. Sk. i. 
 307; ? Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. t. 208. C. ]'ir(fluic(t, va.T. $, Ait. Kew. i. 284. C. \'irf/,nira, 
 var. latifolia, Torr. Fl. N. & Midd. States, 259. C. s]>atula/>,l,(i, Salisb. Farad. Loud. t. 71. 
 C. upatltuhpfnUu, Pursh, Fl. i. 175. C. \'ir(/inic(i, var. spathulii Julia, DC. Prodr iii. 361 ; II<x)k. 
 Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 224. C. apatulata, Eaton, ^L^n. ed. 4, 263. V. si>al/iHliila, Bigel Fl. Bost. 
 ed. 2, 98.3 — Cool woods. Nova Scotia to Saskatchewan, Minnesota, the higher njountains of 
 N. Carolina, and, apparently, those of New Me.xico, Newberry* 
 
 C. lanceolata, Piksh. a span high from a globose corm: leaves oblong or lanceolate, 
 lialf to iiich and a half long; radical (rare) long-petioled ; cauline sessile eitiier by broad or 
 narrowed base : inflorescence few-several flowered, sulwe.^sile between the leaves or short- 
 peduncled : petals emarginate or almost obcordate. — Fl. i. 175, t. 3 (a large form) ; llfMjk. 
 Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 224; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 199; Fenzl in Ledeb. Fl. Boss. ii. 147 (exd. pi. 
 Kotzet). & Siber. which should relate to C. orrtirti) ; (Jray, Am. Jour. Sci. ser. 2, xxxiii. 407. 
 C. Cnroliniamt, var. sessi/i folia, Torr. Pacif. U. Uep. iv. 70; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i 76. 
 C. Caroliniana, var. lanoolata, Wats Bot. King Exji. 42. — Bocky Mountains of Brit. 
 Columbia, south to the Wasatch in Utali * and Sierra Nevada, California. ('. CaroUmaua, 
 Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. t. 208, seems rather to rejjresent the j)resent sj)ecies. 
 
 C. Umbellata, Watson. An inch or two high from a subglobular or obversely napiforni 
 corm : radical leaves unknown ; cauline fleshy, obovate, half inch or more long anti con- 
 tracted into a petiole of ecpial or greater length : inflorescence subsessile and nmlndliform, 
 few -.several-flowered : petals ()l)ovate, entire : seeds com])aratively large. — Bot. King Exp. 
 43, t. 6, f. 4, 5 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 77. — W. borders of Neva<Ia, near Virginia City, 
 Watson, Mann ; on Steins Mountain, E. Oregon, Howell. 
 
 * * Caudicose; a rosulate duster of radical leaves surrounding scapiform flowering stems, 
 directly from the very thick crown or perpendicular caudex surmounting the thick and 
 fleshy tap-root : wing-margined petioles of the railical leaves scarious-dilated ami mostly 
 as if sheathing at base : no sarmentose shoots or off.sets : inflorescence nicemiform or sul>- 
 cymo.<te, with or without 8f)me small scarious bracts: jictals white or pale rose-<-olor. 3 to 5 
 lines long, apparently not ephemeral. 
 
 1 Northwest to the Sa.okatchewnn. Dnimmond,tide Macoun. 
 
 2 A form with doul)Ie (lower! has been noted bv Prof. L. F. Ward. 
 
 « Add cyn. C. Inli/olla, Sheldon. Ibdl. Geo!. & Nat. Hist. Siirv. Minn ix. l.-i. 
 
 * .\lsn at Manros, Colorado, Miff Knstiooofl, and eastwanl a.s far a.s W. Newfoundland, Wnr/h-n nt. 
 
 * Also Wyoming, Xelson. 
 
272 PORTULACACE.E. Claijtoma. 
 
 C. megarrhiza, Parry. Root very large (inch or two thick, often a foot long), conical or 
 fusiform : radical leaves spatulate to dilated-cuueate, 2 to G inciies long including tlie long 
 wiug-petioled base, ecjualliug or surpassing the cyniosely fe\v-several-Ho\vered scapes ; tiiese 
 bearing mostly two or rarely more alternate spatulate to linear leaves tapering below as if 
 petioled, or occasionally opposite, or reduced to scarious bracts. — Parry in Wats. Bibl. Index, 
 118. C. arcUca,\-AT. me(jnrrhiza, Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. ser. 2, xxxiii. 406, & Proc. Acad. 
 Philad. 1863, .59 ; Wats. Bot. King Exp. 43. — Alpine region of the Rocky Mountains from 
 S. Colorado (where first coll. by Parrij) to Urit. America and on the mountains of Oregon, 
 &c., where it approaches the next. 
 
 C. arctica, M. F. Adams. Radical leaves spatulate-obovate, about half the length of the 
 scapes or lloweriug stems ; cauline ovate or broadly oblong, closely sessile by broad base (half 
 inch to inch long), obtuse : cyme naked, short-racemiform, rather loosely several-flowered. — 
 Me'm. Soc. Nat. Mosc. v. 94 (1817); DC. Prodr. iii. 361; Ciiam. Linnasa, vi. 559; Gray, 
 Am. Jour. Sci. 1. c. 407. C. Joanniana, Rcem. & Schult. Syst. v. 434 (1819). C. Sibirka, 
 Pall, in herb. Willd., not L. C. acutlfolia, Ledeb. PI. Alt. *i. 253, & Ic. t. 272, not Pall. C. 
 Joanneana & C. arctica, Fenzl in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. ii. 148. ? C. sarmentosa, Seem. Bot. Herald, 
 t. 5. — Ala.'^kan Islands, Unalaska, Harrington, Kyska, M. Baker. (Adj. Asia to Altai.) 
 
 C. tuberosa. Pall. Radical leaves lanceolate-obovate and acute to linear-lanceolate, shorter 
 than tiie flowering stems ; cauline lanceolate, acute, broad at se.ssile base : inflorescence 
 and flowers nearly of the preceding. — Pallas ace. to Willd. in Rcem. & Schult. Syst. v. 436, 
 narrow-leaved form ; Gray, 1. c. C. acutifolia, Pall. 1. c. ; Cham. Linnaa, vi. 560 ; Fenzl 
 in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. ii. 147, larger and broader-leaved form. C. Eschsclwltzii, Cham. 1. c. 
 561, the most narrow-leaved form. — Arctic Alaska, Muir, hut specimen wants root and 
 radical leaves. Also coll. by Rothrock at Plover Bay and by Wright on Arakamtchetcheue 
 Island on the Asiatic side. (E. Siberia.) 
 
 * * * Subterranean stems (whether cormatose or caudicose) unknown : cauline leaves sub- 
 opposite, narrow : pedicels elongated, the lowest subtended by a short relatively broad ovate- 
 lanceolate bract : sepals unequal, narrow and attenuate. 
 C* Bodini, Holzinger. Slender .stems 4 to 6 inches high, mostly 2-leaved below the middle : 
 leaves narrowly linear, unequal, about 2 to 3 inches in length, a line or less in breadth •. lower 
 pedicels 1^ to 2 inches long : calyx spathaceous; the lanceolate attenuate sepals 4 to 5 lines 
 in length, about equalling the ovate-oblong obtusish petals. — Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. i. 
 286. — Sandy soil, Hempstead, Texas, J. E. Bodin, 1890; fl. March. A .species well marked 
 by habit and characters but as yet poorly known and of uncertain affinities. 
 
 7. MONTIA, Micheli. (Jos. Monti, professor of botany at Bologna.) — 
 Nov. Gen. t. 13; L. Gen. no. 58; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 159, excl. syn. 
 Leptrina, Raf., which is wholly obscure; Greene, Fl. Francis, 180; Howell, 
 Erythea, i. 36. Montia and Claytonia § Limnia (as well as the rhizomato.se 
 species of Euclaytonia) Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 280, 284. [Revised and 
 extended by B. L. Robinsox.] 
 
 § 1. Rhizomatose ; the flowering stems, bearing a pair of broad sessile leaves 
 below the racemiform mostly bractless inflorescence, and the long-petioled radical 
 leaves from creeping little-thickened rootstocks : petals obovate and emarginate 
 or obcordate, rose-color or white : pedicels in fruit erect or ascending. 
 
 M.* sarmentosa, Rorinson, n. comb. About a span high from creeping filiform rootstocks 
 or stolons moderately thickened at the crown : radical leaves obovate-spatulate, mostly obtuse, 
 half inch or more long, abruptly contracted into a longer petiole with no scarious dilated 
 base ; cauline ovate or orbicular, closely sessile : flowers few : petals broadly obovate, emar- 
 ginate, a third to half inch long, 3 or 4 times the length of the sepals. — Cla>/to)7)a sarmen- 
 tosa, C. A. Meyer, Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. vii. 137, t. 3 (1829) ; Fenzl in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. ii. 
 149 ; Seem. Bot. Herald, 27, but the figures, t. 5, seem rather to be of C arctica. C. Cha- 
 missoi, DC. Prodr. iii. 361, Jide Fenzl, not Ledeb. in Spreng. C. arctica, vars., Cham. 
 
Montia. I'OUnLAt'ACK.i:. 
 
 173 
 
 Liiiiia'a, 1. c. 559. C. }'ir<,,„ic<i, H<H)k. & Am. Hot. Hci-<li. li>.3, in jart. — St. Lawn-ii.c. .><t. 
 J'aiil and St. lic.jrgt- l>l:inil.s, Ala.ska, lirst c.ll. \t\ Vtiumisio &, K»ch^cliuitz, anil K.<tzel.uo 
 Soiuul. (Adj. A.sia.) 
 
 M.» asarifolia, Howki.i.. a font or U-ss hij^li from a nN-ndt-r or Hli^jlitlv Uc-.|iy rrw-jiing 
 roiit.siuik : lca\ f.s .siuculi-nt ; railinil from orl.iiular-HulK-orilat*- or nlifjlitlv r<-nif<irm Ut 
 rliomliic-uvatu; llio largt-r 2 inclii-a (or even 4 in.li.-.-*, utv. to Hongard) in ("liam.-l«-r. long- 
 jn'tioled; cauliiio jiair of similar form, clo.sclyHes.siU!: inllon-scencc- slfn«ler|MMlun<ulnte, 
 l<K>8clysfveral-ll<. Wired, witii tKiiwionaily a small bnu-t: in-tals a ipuirter or third inrli long: 
 fructiferous sepals rather shorter than the cajisule. — Erylhea, i. .'JO ; VUiijlumn umri/iJfu, 
 Bong. \'eg. Sitch. 1;j7 ; Fenzl in J.edeh. V\. l{oss. ii. 15o' C. S,:vitdrn»iA, Brew. & Wain. 
 Bot. Calif, i. 77, a dwarfed form. C. conll/ulia, Wau*. I'nH'. Am. Acail. xvii. .'{65. — Wet or 
 springy ground, Horky Mountains of Hrit. America, ,1/«r«Hn ,• Montana and h\a.\w, Lyall, 
 Nicius, W'ltlson; and ('a.scade Mountains, IIi uderson, Siikstlnrj', to Sitka, Mrrttnt. Alito in 
 a reduced form in Sierra Nevada, California, Liminon, &c. (Bering I.«land.) 
 
 § 2, LiMNiA. Fibrous-rooted annuals or perennials, destitute of rootstoeks, 
 cornis, «S:c,, but some stoloniferous or rooting from tlie nodes or bulhillifcrous : 
 one sepal commonly a little larger than the other, and the two petals alternating 
 with these commonly larger than the others. Flowers in most species opening 
 more than one day. — Liiniiia, L. Act. Holm. 174G, 130, t. 5; Ilaworth, Syn. 
 PL Succ. 1 L 
 
 ♦ Cauline leaves a single sessile pair below the racomiform inflorescence ; radic.il nuinenniu 
 aud petioled : petals eniarginate or obcordate ; stamens always 5. 
 
 •<— Bracts accompanyiug most of the pedicels of the simply and l«x>sely racemiform inflo- 
 resceuce : leaves thiuuish. Connects strictly with the preceding species. 
 
 M.* Sibirica, Howell, 1. c. Annual or more enduring and with thickened crown produ- 
 cing offsets upon stout stolons, but no rootstock : flowering stems a span or two or a fixjt or 
 two high : radical le.ives rhombic-ovate (and varying from broadly ovate or olM)vato toovate- 
 laticeolate), contracted into long margined petioles, these fleshy-thickened at bji.«e; cauline 
 broailly ovate and closely se.ssile but distinct, sometimes obovate ami with contracted bjuse. 
 inch or two long : bracts oblong to linear : j)edicels usually solitary and alt«Tnate, slender, 
 in fruit often inch or more long and widely spreading or refracted : sepals very broailly 
 ovate, mostly accrescent : petals rose-color or white, quarter inch long : seeils at maturity 
 distinctly gr.anulate. — Clai/toiiid Sihirim, L. Hurt, I'ps. 52, & Sjiec. i. 204 (/.iHiniVi, Act. 
 Holm. 1. c.) ; Gmel. Fl. Sibir. iv. 89 ; Sims. Rot Mag. t. 224.T : Sweet, Brit. Kl. (iani t. 16; 
 Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 676, excl. syn.; Fenzl in l.edel>. Fl. Ko.ss. ii. 149; (Jray, Am.. lour. Sci. 
 ser. 2, xxxiii. 407 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. C.-ilif. i. 76. ('. alslnoldfs, Sims, Bot. Mag t. 1.309. 
 white-fl. form; Pnrsh. Fl. i. 175 : Ch.im. Linna-a. vi. 559 ; Bong. 1. c. 1.16 ; Torr. & (Jray, Fl. 
 i. 199. C. UnnlnsrhL-fiisls. Tiavh. Ilort. Gorenk. ed 2, 62. & in Ra-m. & Schult. Syst. v. 4.34; 
 PC. I'rodr. iii. 361. rim„!a .V,7„V-Vv, &, L. n'sinn,;!,,, Ilaworth. Syn. I'l. Succ. 11. — Moist 
 banks. &c., Alaskan Islan.ls and Brit. Columbia (first coll. by SuI/.t & />,<ll.is ') and south 
 to San Fnincisco B.iy and Plumas Co. in Sierni Nevada, Californi.i. (Bering Island, and 
 proliably on the .idjacent mainland ; but not otherwise known to be Siberian.) 
 
 Var.* heteroph^lla, Honivsov. n coml). A form with leaves. e.-^pcH-ially radical 
 ones, varying from ovate lanceolate to linear lanreol.ite or even linear! — Cloi/limia Sihinm, 
 var. /iitirn/.l, 1,11,1, Gray, Troc. Am. Acid. xxii. 281. C {'nnlnsr/dmsis. var. hrUro/ihitlla, 
 Nutt. in Torr. & Oay, Fl. i. 199. & C. nishioid, s, var. liftrm/./n/lln, Torr. & Gray, 1. c — On 
 tlu" Coliimliia Biver and elsewhere, in moist and shady gn'und. 
 
 Var.* bulbifera, Bohinson. n. comb. Thickened bases of radical leaves mor«> fleshy 
 ami ])ersistent on the crown .is bulblet-scales. — Clai/limiit hulliif'rni. Gray. Phk'. Am. Aowl. 
 xii. 54 ; Wats. Bot. Calif, ii. 4.35. C. Sihinm. var. hulhillitWn', C;ray. 1. r. xxii 281 . M.mtia 
 hulUif.ra, Howell, ]. c. — N. California, on the Sc<>tt Mountflins, Cr^ntr. nnd Wolf CnH^k. in 
 adjacent Oregon, IloirrU. Otlier less marked sjx'cimens jmik-* to the onlinary form of the 
 species. 
 
 18 
 
274 PORTULACACE.E. Montia. 
 
 M.* arenicola, A. A. Heller. Much more sleuderyet approaching in habit var. heterophi/lla 
 of the preceding species: stems numerous, 2 to 6 inches high: radical leaves lauce-oblong 
 to spatulate linear, the cauline similar : raceme loose, elongated ; pedicels slender, widely 
 spreading or reHexed :. Howers roseate, rather showy : calyx often with reddish tinge : seeds 
 black, half line in length, very smooth and shining, scarcely more than half as large as in 
 the ])receding species. — [List of] Idaho Plants, 1896, on the second [unnumbered] page. 
 (The thoughtless publication of uew combinations in such irregular and obscure documents 
 merits severe censure.) Clai/tonia arenicola, Henderson, Bull. Torr. Club, xxii. 49; llolzin- 
 »ger, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. iii. 217. C. spatliulata, var. teiiuijblia, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 
 xxii. 282, iu part. — Along creek-bottoms and on stony land, Washington, near ISpokane, 
 Lyall, Henderson, Bingen, Suksdorf; Idaho, Spalding, Sandbery, Henderson ; H. April to 
 June. Nearest M. gi/psophiloides, but of different range and readily di-stinguished by its 
 much more decidedly bracteate racemes, and much more slender elongated cauline leaves. 
 
 ^— -t— Bracts few and minute or none : leaves succulent ; the cauline pair usually connate : 
 flowers apparently opening for 2 or more days : species or forms (except the first) conflu- 
 ent in a series. 
 
 M.* saxosa, Braxdegee, in litt. Small and dense, succulent : root annual, subsimple, slen- 
 der, perpenilicular : radical leaves broadly spatulate or obovate, .3 to 6 lines long, 2 to 3 
 lines brt>ad, rounded at the apex, and somewhat narrowed at the subsessile base ; cauline 
 leaves a single pair, ovate, obtuse, quarter inch or less in length, not connate : flowers 
 subumbellate ; pedicels etiualling or exceeding the short scape-like stem : sepals suborbicular, 
 2 lines in diameter : roseate petals twice as long : valves of tlie capsule 1 1 to 2 lines in length : 
 seeds large, black, foveolate-striate. — Claytonia saxosa, Brandegee, Zoe, iv. 150. — Shaly 
 slopes of Snow Mountain, Lake Co., and on Yolo Bolo, California, Brander/ee. Forming 
 " dense succulent balls, 1 to 3 inches iu diameter " and rather well marked among the re- 
 lated forms by its short and broad scarcely petiolate radical leaves. 
 
 M.* perfoliata, How^ell, 1. c. 38. Rather large and coarse, green and often reddening in 
 age, a span to a foot high : radical leaves from subreniform or rhomboidal to .spatulate- 
 obovate (commonly 1 to 3 inches broad), petiolate; cauline connate into an entire or often 
 angulately 2-lobed rounded disk: pedicels short, seldom longer than the fruiting calyx, 
 coTnmonly in 3 or 4 pairs or fascicles in a short interrupted and secund raceme, sometimes 
 all or a part closely clustered close to the disk : sepals orbicular, in fruit commonly 2 lines 
 long and broader than the capsule : petals white, little surpassing the calyx : seeds turgid- 
 lenticular, very shining, but at maturity minutely granulate, the larger a line long or more. 
 — Clai/tonia perfoliata, Donn, Ind. Ilort. Cantab, ed. 1, 2.') (1796); Willd. Spec. i. 1186; 
 Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1336 ; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 225 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 200. C. Cubensis. 
 Bonpl. Ann. Mus. Par. vii. 82, t. 6, & PI. vEquin. t. 26, but not native to Cuba. Limnia per- 
 foliata, Haworth, Syn. PI. Succ. 12. — Banks of streams, &c., 'California to Arizona (and adj. 
 Mex.), northward to Brit. Columbia, common near the coast; first collected by Menzies, 
 now a weed of cultivation in many parts of the world. 
 
 M.* parviflora, Howell, 1. c. More slender, green or glaucescent, a span or two high : 
 radical leaves spatulate to filiform-linear, when narrow usually an elongated blaile and 
 shorter petiole ; cauline a rounded disk as of the preceding, or rarely the rounded leaves 
 almost di.sjoined : pedicels slender, in fruit 2 to 6 lines long and much longer than the 
 (about line long) calyx, less fascicled, more commonly scattered in a looser raceme, but 
 sometimes inflorescence all glomerate on the disk : petals white or pale rose-color, hardly 
 double the length of the calyx : seeds half as large as in the foregoing, very obscurely if at 
 all granulate. — Clai/tonia parviflora, Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 225, t. 73; Torr. & 
 Gray, Fl. i. 200. C. perfoliata, var. parviflora, Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. iv. 71, & Bot. Mex. 
 Bound. 38; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 75.— California to Brit. Columbia, and east to 
 S. I'tah and Idaho; first coll. by Domjlas. (Lower Calif., Palmer.) 
 
 Var.* depressa, Robinson, n. comb. Mostly small, depressed : radical leaves broadly 
 ovate nr rhomhciidiil and petiolate, as in C. perfoliata; blades sometimes broader than long; 
 cauline u.sually small and partly disjoined, subtending sessile and glomerate or subumbellate 
 inflorescence of small flowers: calyx only a line long. — Clai/tonia parviflora, \aT. depressa. 
 Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 281. — River banks, &c., Brit. Columbia to Oregon and adjacent 
 
Montia. I'()K'Ill.ArA( K.i:. 27,', 
 
 Idaho. Ambiguous form.' Muntin nibnt, lluwell, 1. c, irt mcnly a larger oficii cruU-iu-i-nt 
 state of the same tiling. 
 
 M.* gypsophiloides, IIoweli,, 1. c. Rather slviuiur, 3 to 8 <»r 10 iiiihri» high, ert^t or 
 iicarlv so: raiiical leaves liuear or tiliforni, much exceeded hy the lioMeriiig itleuiit : cauiiue 
 leaves usually wliurt, ovale, aculi-sli, to «l)lonj;-liuear, partially connate on one hide (rarely on 
 both) to a small at utely liiauriculale di.sk : inllorescence ulendcr, elongated ; tioMern connpiru- 
 ous : pelaLs reluse, roseate, ahout .'} lime.s the length of the M-paU. — thu/toiiKi (/v/i*«y</i(/»ir/r(, 
 risch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. llorl. I'etn.p. ii. (1KJ5). 8, & Sen. I'etnjp. t. .'l.'i ; Dou iu Swe«l, 
 IJrit. Fl. (jard. ser. 2, t. 375. C s/xiilnilatu, (iray, I'nx-. Am. Acad. xxii. 2H2, in part, iioi 
 Dougl. — .Mountains of W. t'eutr. California, t'. iiuhii/init, (in-ene, I'ittoniu, ii. 2<J4, with 
 tlowt'is of tills s|ie('ies, ha^ cauliuu leaver connate into a roundinli dink, iu< in C. /MimfiUiti. 
 
 M.* spathulata, Uowki.l, I.e. Lower ami more condi-nscd, 1 to 4 iucheH IukIi : nulical 
 leaves linear or spatulatelinear, not greatly exceeded l>y the (lowering Hlemi« ; caulijie lenve« 
 from lanceolate-ovate to lanceolate, almost distinct or connate ujxm one oide into au oUor- 
 (late or 2-lol)ed body or rarely uuited all around to a judtate dink : infloremeiicen uliurt, 
 half inch to barely inch iu length : flowers small : petals white, 1 to 2 linen in length : mih1» 
 at maturity black, shining, conspicuou.sly grauulateil (under lens). — Clm/loniu x/xilhulnla, 
 Dougl. iu Hook. Fl. Hor.-Am. i. 226, t. 74; 'i'orr. & (iray, Fl. i. 2(M) ; (ireene, Fl. Fraucin. 
 179. (.'. perfolititn, var. siutthnldta, Torr. ace. to Hrew. & Wats. Hot. ("alif. i. 75. «'. fXKjwi, 
 Wats. Bot. Calif, ii 433, iu great part. —Open and subsaline ground, Brit. Columbia to S. 
 Utah and 8. California; first coll. by Domjlus. 
 
 Var.* exigua, Roiuxson, u. comb. Kven the cauliue leaves narrowly oblong, linear 
 or when fresh terete (half inch to 2 inches long), little or not at all dilated or connate at 
 base, sometimes connate on one side: petals usually ro.se-color: jia.sses variously into the 
 other form. — ^f. Uunifolia, Howell, 1. c. C/<»///"*'m pj-i//i"i, Torr. & (iniy. Fl i. 2()0 ; (imy, 
 ri. Fendl. 14 (a lax and dubious seemingly thiuner-leaved form). C. Unui/olia, Torr. & 
 Gray, 1. c. 201 ; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 344. V. nfxitltnlutu, var. temiifuliu, (Jray, I'roc. 
 Am! Acad. xxii. 282. — Brit. Columbia to borders of Idaho and Low.r Calif., fintt coll. by 
 Douglus. 
 
 * * Stems bearing few or .several pairs of opposite spatulate loaves, (il.r..us-PH.ting from 
 lower nodes, often flagelliferous : seeds round reniform, muriculate ! Stamens 5. — C/.iy 
 tonia § Alsimistnim, Torr. & Ciray, Fl. i. 201 ; (iray. Fr.x;. Am. Acad. xxii. 2K2. 
 
 M.* Chamissonis, Cikkene. Procumbent, decumbent, or a-scending, rooting from lower 
 nodes, producing lateral and terminal tiliforni runners, which become .subterranean and liear 
 at apex a globose bulblot or cormlet, thus perennial : leaves .several pairs, obloiig-spatulale, 
 inch or two long including the tapering ].etiole-like ba.se: inflorescence racemowdy 1-9- 
 flowered, bractless except below : pedicels slender, recurveil or refracted in fruit : jK-tals pale 
 rose-color, 3 lines long, thrice the length of the calyx: capsule small. 1 -:J-seetled ; n-^hU 
 half line long, densely granulate-muriculate. — Fl. Francis. 1 80 ( 'layUmia Chamissoi, I^<lcb. 
 ace. toSpreug. Syst.'i. 790. C. Clutmissimls, Eschs. in litt. //</» Cham. Linna-a. vi. SfiS (excl. 
 note on tubers), "probably the original form of the name, but n-.l j.ublished until six y.in 
 after Spreugel's Svst. ; Torr. & Grav, Fl. i. r,76 ; Fenzl iu Ledeb. Fl. Ros.s. 1. c. 151 ; Brew 4 
 Wats. 1. c. 76. C. stolonifern, C. A. Meyer, Mem. Soc, Nat. Mosc. vii. 139, 1.3 (1J»29). 
 C. aqnatica, Nutt. in Torr. & Cray, Fl. i. 201. — Wet or mos.sy Imnk.s, Ahmkan Isl.-ind^ 
 and Brit. Columbia, to m<mntains of California a.s far south as those of Sau lk>rnaniii;o. 
 Arizona, and S. Colorado. 
 
 * * * Stems .slender, bearing numerous small alternate leaves, often .-«armentoso,spn«adinR 
 or decumbent, and producing axillary bulblet-like pn.pagula, api«mMitly also ,*rfnnial 
 by fibrous-rooting jiersi.sting creeping iiase of .stem: leaves very Hcshy. — C/,ijrf,.fii.i 
 % Xiiincrrw, Torr. & (iray, Fl. i. 201, in part ; Gray, PriH?. Am. Acad. xxii. 2H3. 
 
 M.* parvifolia, GttKKM-, 1. c ISl. Stems a span to a f.M)t long, diffuse, nscon.ling or m.mo 
 reclined or procumbent and more or less flagelliform, sometimes re.luced to flliform naleJ 
 
 1 Eastward to the Bl.ick HilN, S. Dakota. Ry'lbtr;,. A numlH-r of inten-Mine. hut .pp-renlU 
 formal and continent varieties of this and the next species have In-en distributed by Mr. W.N. Suk.- 
 dorf of White Salmon, Washington. 
 
276 PORTULACACE.E. Montia. 
 
 runners : radical and lower cauliue leaves rhombic-obovate, acutish, about half incli long, 
 contracted at base into slender petiole ; upper narrower and small (3 to 2 lines long), when 
 fresh subclavate : Howers few and racemose : jjetals obovate or somewhat obeordate, 4 or 5 
 lines long, very much surpassing tlie rounded sepals, rose-color, varying to white. — Clay- 
 tonia parvifolia, Moc. Ic. I'l. Nootk. ined. ace. to DC. Trod. iii. 361, & Caiques des Dess. 
 t. 383 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 201 ; Brew. & Wats. Eot. Calif, i. 76. C. JilicuuUs, liook. V\. 
 Bor.-Am. i. 224, t. 72. — Moist rocks, Brit. Columbia to Kocky Mountains in Montana 
 northward to Juneau, Alaska, Miss Cooley, and soutli in tlie ISierra Nevada and Coast Uange, 
 California, to the Yosemite. The bulblet-like jji-opagula or offshoots, borne in the axils of 
 the cauline leaves, are not commonly seen in the liried specimens. A variety from M'ash- 
 ington, Suksdor/] with obovate obtuse chiefly radical leaves and filiform branches, differs 
 from the next only in its smaller flowers and less leafy stem. 
 M.* flagellaris, Rohinson, n. comb. Apparently less fleshy, and with broadly ovate or 
 uliovaif lfa\('s, the weak stems a foot long, sparingly branched, the branches apparently 
 attenuate into a kind of stolon or stoloniform peduncle : petals over half inch long. — C/cii/- 
 toniaJiii</ellaris, Bong. Veg. Sitch. 137. " C. sarmentosa, Bong." in Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, 
 xxii. 283 (by evident clerical error). — Sitka, 3/ftr<ens. Perhaps a form of the preceding 
 growing in deep shade. Prof. Macoun (Cat. Canad. PI. ii. 311, 312) reports the collection 
 of an identical or closely similar plant in the bed of Eagle Kiv., Brit. Columbia (also called 
 "C. sarmentosa, Bong."). 
 
 * * * * Leafv-stemmed and alternate-leaved annuals : leaves not very fleshy. — Cluy- 
 
 tonia § Montiastrum, Gray, 1. c. 
 ■i— Leaves broad and long-petioled, in the way of Stellaria media : stamens 5 : seeds closely 
 
 lineate and the elevated lines closely and transversely lineolate ! 
 
 M.* diffusa, Greene, 1. c. A span or two high, diffusely dichotomous, leafy, the weak stems 
 at flrst erect : leaves broadly deltoid-ovate or uppermost oblong-ovate, inch or less long, 
 abruptly contracted into a petiole of about equal length (lower occasionally opj)Osite) : inflo- 
 rescence subcymose, several-flowered ; pedicels slender, spreading : calyx a line or two long, 
 surpassed by the white or pale rose-colored petals : style long. — Clui/tonia diffusa, Nntt. in 
 Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 202 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 76 ; Gray, 1. c. —Low coniferous 
 woods, Washington to Humboldt Bay, California,! Xuttall, Kellogg & Harford, Suksdorf, 
 Howell, Rattan. 
 
 •i- -»— Narrow-leaved annuals (lower nodes of the stem sometimes rooting) with racemose 
 
 inflorescence secund and pedicels recurved after flowering : leaves partly scarious and 
 
 clasping at insertion : stamens 3 : seeds lenticular, thin-edged, very smooth : petals (white 
 
 or tinged with rose) obviously unequal, but narrowed or unguiculate to distinct or more 
 
 or less connate bases. 
 
 M.* linearis, Greene, 1. c. A span or two high, erect or soon diffuse : leaves linear-filiform 
 
 and fleshy, inch or two long, about a line wide throughout, or obscurely widened upward : 
 
 sepals in fruit 2 lines long or nearly so, rounded : seeds large (a line in diameter), very black 
 
 and shining. — Claijtouia linearis, Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 224, t. 71 ; Torr. & Gray, 
 
 1. c. ; Brew. & Wats. 1. c. (excl. syn. C. dirhotoma) ; Gray, 1. c. — Moist ground, Brit. 
 
 Columbia to middle parts of California, and east to Montana and the Yellowstone; first coll. 
 
 by Douglas. 
 
 M.* dichotoma, Howell, 1. c. 36. An inch or two high, more diffuse or depressed but 
 
 not repent, smaller in all parts : leaves similar but smaller, linear or nearly so : racemes 
 
 terminal, rather dense, and numerou.sly flowered : sepals in fruit only a line long : seeds 
 
 half or third of a line in diameter, somewhat shining or rather dull at maturity. — Clai/- 
 
 tonia dichotoma, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 202. C. spathulata. Hook. Jour. Bot. vi. 230, 
 
 not Dougl. — Low grounds on the Oregon Kiver and its lower tributaries, and borders of 
 
 California; first coll. by Nutlall. 
 
 M.* Ho"Wellii, Watson. Similar in habit, but still more dwarf, rooting at the lower nodes : 
 
 leaves spatulate : inflorescences several, few-flowered, axillary, subtended by ovate scale-like 
 
 1 Abundant at Mill Valley, Tanialpais, Calif., >/e T. S. & K. Brandegee. 
 
Spruyuea. !'< (HTII.AC A( K.K. •>'- 
 
 bracts (or short li-avea with broad Hcarious baj»ci») .ipjx.Hitc the foliar It-av.* : iiftah. \er\ 
 variiil.lf, soiiRaiiiR-.-s uppareutly abMiit: wfil« vt-rv i*iihh>iIi uikI hhii.iiin. — I'^a.-. Am. Ari».i 
 xviii. 191 ; Howell, 1. f. Cla,/ii„„ii ,l„l,ol<>ma, (iniv , I. c-. 2M, in jjart ; .Muruuii, Cnl. Caiiail. 
 ri. i. 8.J. — <)re-,'oii, Willaiiu-ttu ViiUey, Uowtil, t'oluinl»iu Co., SuLtdorf; viciuitv ut Vic- 
 toria, Brit. Columbia, Marunn, iu>. 34. 
 
 ♦ ♦ * » * Leaf>-.stemiiu'(l opjx.sito-leaved Mpeiies (annual or nearly lo) : ]M-tmU •nuill. 
 white, unetjual. i..iinate at the biwu into a Kanioi>elalouj* lon.lla, which in itplit down one 
 side. — MunUa proper. 
 
 M.* fontana, L. Small and a.'<eendin^ or jinM uinbent annual, or onb|M-rvnnial bv rtioting 
 from the node.s, especially in water or very wet j)laees, moderately ttucculent ; ntcniJi an inch 
 to a span or when tloatinj^ even a foot lonj:; : leaves ojipoidte, from olHtvute- to linear i>|>atu- 
 late, from a tenth to half an inch lon^ including the petiole-like base, in up|Mrni<wt pairo one 
 often re<lucetl to a scarious vestij^e or bract : inllorescence terminal or lateral Iim.iu h few- 
 several-tlowered : calyx and globo.se cajtsule barely a line long: corolla white, little ^nr|ulM- 
 sing the calyx. — Spec. i. 87; ]"1. Dan. t. 1.31, l'J2C. Two forms as to seeds, not cbarly 
 distinguishable otherwise, viz.: 1. Seeds not shining, thickly muriculate in cIom- lines: 
 J/, minor, Gmel. l-l. Had. i. Wl. 2. Seeds more or le.ss shining, are«ilate-tul«'nMilate. the 
 
 tubercules being in various degrees flattened and si »thed : M. rinilan's, (Jmel. 1. c M'J, & 
 
 M. Idiiijirosperma, Cham. Linn;ea, vi. 505, t. 7, f. 2, seed. — Wet places and running w:tt4-r, 
 Newfoundland, Labrador ((ireenlaud). New Brunswick, Lower Canada, and on islands near 
 Mt. Desert, Maine, (Jreat Cranberry Isle, /.'</»</, (ireat Duck I.sland, lixlfuld; to Alaskan 
 Islands and Brit. Columbia, the smoother-.seeded form ; al.so Oregon ami California. ni>»stly 
 the rough-seeded or typical species. From the latter form the ini|K'rfectly chanu-terizcd 
 Vhtytonhi JIullii, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 28.3 {('. C/i(tmiiisoiii's, var. tmerrima, (Jray, 
 1. c. viii. 378, and probably Moutia Ilallii, Greene, Fl. Francis. 180), is not to \hs distioguishiil 
 even by coroUar characters. (Most cool aud temperate parts of the world.) 
 
 8. SPRAGUEA, Torr. (Isaac Sprague, iiiiiiiit;ible hoUniical ilrau-rlitsinaii, 
 illustrator of this and of very many other genera, among tlu-m tho.st- of the 
 Genera Am. Bor. Or. Illu.strata. ) — PI. Frem. in Smiths. Contrih. vi. 4, t. 1. ic 
 Bot. Mex. Bound. 37; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5143. — Single genuine B|K-cieB, 
 almost too near the following genus, hut may be retained. 
 
 S. umbellata, Tour. 1. c. Winter-annual or biennial with a tap-root, or p<-nnnial. gla- 
 brous, with fleshy spatulate leaves, either all rosulate-clustered at the crown antl sc:i|h' (2 to 
 8 inches high) naked or nearly so, or with few to several similar but smaller waHen-d 
 cauline leaves: inflorescence usually uuiliellate-cymoso, at first cajiitate glomerate, at length 
 5-1.3-radiate (usually from a short scarious involucre) into imbricately densely fli.wen-«| 
 simple or forking scorpioid cyme-branches, or with these scjittered ; flowers sub.M-.Nsile, 
 some .scarious bracteate : scarious .sep:ils dull white or rose-tinged, in age 3 to 5 lines in 
 diameter, in anthesis equalling the ro.se or i.urjde or whitish (ephemeral but man-es«ent) 
 petals: .stamens two opposite petals and the third .alternnte: the.se and the style ex.M-rtcl. — 
 S. panicnlata, Kellogg.> IVoc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ii. 187. f. 50; Curnm. Bull. Calif. Aci.l .<. i. 
 i. 132, also N. umUlliilti, var. moutunn, M. K. Jones. Bull. Torr. Club, ix. 31, are mere U>nun. 
 the latter .sometimes with alternate flowering branches l.iwdown on thes.ape. Cnh.i.todum 
 umbdiiitum & C. pnniruldtum, Green.', Bull. T..rr.Club, xiii. 144 (|«-tals marce.H<-.-nt-.-..nni»cnl 
 around ovarv and lower part of exserted style, not carried up on enlarging .apsnlel. C. n„. 
 dum, (ireene, I'ittonia. i. 64-— Sierra Nev.-nla and Ciu^cade .Mountains, from the V.Diemite 
 to borders of Brit. Cdumbia, an<l Nevaila to N. W. Wyoming ; in alpine luid suUlpinB 
 stations (juasi-iK-reniiiiil, but flowering only once ; on saml-wjuihes of streams at lower le»eU 
 
 1 Tlie suppose.] difTcrence in the fonn of the see.ls, .idduciNl by California l>ot«ni»tji for the *e\<%n- 
 tion of this species from N. iimMlata, rests upon a niis.ipprehi-nsion, as the aeedn of the typical A mm- 
 bfl/'iln are .pnte as reiiifonn as those of " N. iHiuinilata." » . 
 
 2 A.ldsyn. S. nuda, Howell, Erythen. i. :«». iCali/ptridium HumafpermHm , Orvenc, Errthea. ill. 
 63, chiefly distinguished by its " l-seetletl" capsules. 
 
278 PORTULACACE^ Calyptridium. 
 
 "Towins as an armnal or biennial; first cc>lL bv Fr/mont. The most marked snbalpine 
 form is 
 
 Var. caudicifera. Gray. Branching from the crown, the candex-like branches 
 exten-iing for a year or more, and the leaves below dying away, at leogth the rvwnlate tnfts 
 terminated by soliiary naked scapes of an inch or two in length bearing the globular glom- 
 erate inflorescence : tap-root probably not perennial : leaves short and small — Gray in 
 Panerson, Check-list X. Am PL ^1S92) 14.^ — High moontains, from C^regon and Washing- 
 ton to Wyoming. 
 
 9. CALiYPTRlDIUM. Xutt. (A kind of dimiiiutive of (coXiVrpo, a cov- 
 eriiii: or calypire. Gt-nus said to have " petals united into a minute diaphanous 
 conical corolla, slightly 3-tooihed at apex, soon detached from the base and car- 
 ried upon the summit of the elongated capsule." But, in fact, the petals are quite 
 distinct, and they close over each other and over the pistil after the ephemeral 
 anthesis. and are carried up as aforesaid, just as they :ire in Claytonia and most 
 other Portulacacece .') — Low or depressed and succulent winter annuals (of W. 
 Xorth America), branched from the base, with alternate spatulate leaves, and 
 mostlv secund insignilicant flowers with very small (white i petals, but accrescent 
 and more or less colored and scarious calyx. — Nuti. in Torr. & Gray, FL L 198 
 (excl. svn. Talinum monandrum. which is Monocosmt'a, Fen2L with inaccrescent 
 calyx enclosing utricular fruit > ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. L 159 ; Wats. Bot. King 
 Exp. U ; Brew. & Wats. Bot, Calif. L 78 ; Gray, Proe. Am. Acad. xxii. 284, with 
 new character. 
 
 * Petals 4 : stamens in the same species 1 , 2, or 3, when solitary opposite a petal : capsule 
 little or not at all surpassing the fructiferous calyx: seeds acme-margined. Coimects 
 with Sprcu^ea .' 
 
 C. quadripetaltim, Watsos. a span high : leaves oblong-spamlate. the larger 2 inches 
 k-nj including tapering base and petiole : dowers' crowded as if imbricate-J in a naked and 
 fecund scorpioid-spiciforra inflorescence : sepals r^und-reniform. plane, at marunry fully 3 
 lines in diameter, white-scaiious and rose-tinged with greenish centre : petals comparatively 
 large : style very short : capsule oblong-oval, 10-20-seeded, not surpassing the fmctifen.>us 
 sepals. — Proc- Am. Aca<l. sx. 356.- — Lake Co., California, Torre y . 1 S65 ) ; and along head- 
 warers of Eel River, in same county. Rattan •1SS4)-' Has the sepals of Sprapmea. 
 
 C. Parryi, Gray. Depressed. smaU-leaved : leaves (only haK inch long) spaxnlate or the 
 rceulate radical ones cuneate-obovate with long tapering base : spikes in age secund and 
 scorpioid. but often with short few-flowered clusters : fructiferous sepals orbicular or oval, 
 not emarginate at base, less complanate. herbace'sus with narrow white mai^n. one or two 
 lines Ion?, a little shorter than the oblons capsule : style half the length of the ovoid ovary. 
 — I'roc. Am. Acad, xxii. 2S5- — Mountains of San Bernardino Co., California, in Bear 
 Valley, Parry (lST6,distrib. as C. rosfum, var. robustrnm). Parisi. 1SS5. 
 
 * * Petals 2 or 3 : stamen one, alternate with the petals : sepals moderately accrescent, 
 green-herbaceous with scarious margin: seeds more turgid, obtuse-edged: inflorescence 
 looser and more paniculate, the short dusters hardly scorpioid : leaves spatulate with 
 long tapering base, the larger inch or more long. 
 
 C. rosetun, Watsox. An inch to a span high, diffuse : sepals orbicular, plane, becoming 
 2 or 3 lines in diameter, the broad scarious margin white or tinged with rose : petals only 
 2 and small : style very short. 2-parted and with subcapitate stigmas : capsule ovate-oblung, 
 not surpassing the calyx, 6-12-*eded. — Bot. King Exp. 44, t. 6. f. 6-S : Brew, t Wats. 
 
 1 Add sjTi. & multicfps, HoweE, Erythea. L -59. As striking as the eitreme form of this vajietr 
 may be, it appears to pass by slight gradations into the typical form of the species. 
 
 * AHd svn. C. tetrapetalam, Greene. FL Francis. 182." 
 « Also in Sonoma Co., ace. to Greene. 
 
Tamarix. '1 AM AUlSt INK.K. 'J7'. 
 
 Bot Calif, i. 78. —Dry dintricU, eauteru iM.rtltTi of Califomia jukI a<ij»r<>nt NVrada (whcrf 
 first oil. by Tunry, I»65) to K. ()r»?gou auU Wyoming, in very <lr|«iuijpr»i« U>rm, ftr»t roll. 
 
 f.y l\irrfi. 
 
 C. monandrum, Nitt. I)«|ir»-.H.Ho<l or n|irea«linK irtciiu ■ njKiii r •■' !«n;: «ff.als nn'v a 
 liiii- lung, narrow -inargiue*!, littU- :i«vrf?*««-iit : {MiaN inort- ...n.: 
 style vtry short, uiiiiiviiled : i-a|>.Hul(> linewr, U>«oiniuj; iiiinh • 
 iu Torr. Jc (Jr.iy, Fl. i. l"Jt< (fxcl. tli.-.loiil.tful nyn.) ; (,my. »..! . 
 
 Bot. Calif, i. Ts — S. California on tin- coajit, from San Uiegu (where nrrt cuU. bj AmmK| 
 to Los Augeles,' aud to W. Arizoua. 
 
 Ordei: XXI. I .\.M.\i:is( INK.i:. 
 
 1{Y 15. L. U..11IN^..N. 
 
 Trees, shrubs, or rarely perennial herbs, with altirnate entire thi<ki-h <.ft«-n 
 small aud scale-like exstipulate leaves ami n-gular pt-rfeet or mrt-lv dici-rioun 
 flowers. Sepals 4 to 5, free nearly or quite to the bxse and imbricntt^^I. IVtaU 
 of equal numl)er, free or connate into a gaino|H'Lalou8 4-5-lobtHl corolla, inM-rti-*! 
 beneath and outside of a hyjKJgynous or nearly hyjK)i:ynous disk. Sianuns 4 or 
 5 to X ; filaments free or connate at the base or ranly unittil into a tuU- for iui»sl 
 of their length ; anthers oblong, bilcK-ular, intrnr.sf, oft«*n ap|MMi»lage<l at the a|«tx. 
 Ovary single, free, unilocular ; car|>els. parieL:d placcnUi-, and fne .sty l«> or hti^rnia- 
 lobes 3 or 4 each ; few or numerous erect ovules aualro|)ou» with ventral rhaphr. 
 Friiit capsular ; valves as many as the styles ; seetls few to many. oft«-n prt>- 
 vided with a hairy appendage or less frequently wingeil ; end»ryo straight : 
 albumen often scanty or none. — A small but com|K)site onler, reprf»ent»-<l iu our 
 limits only by the sparingly naturalized Tamarix of cultivation and the anoma- 
 lous genus Foiiquiena, which shows almost equal aHinity to CrattuUtcfte. 
 
 1. TAMARIX. Sepals 4 to 6. Petals free ii#arly or quite to the Imwc. Stamenii 4 to 12. 
 distinct or nearly so. Ovary ovate-attonuate, with 3 to 5 short thickUh styleft. rUceut* 
 niulti-<nulatf. es-^entially l>asal. Leaves very small and scale-like. 
 
 2. FOUQUIERIA. .'sepals 5, une<iiial. Petals united into a tubular gamop^taloan Vlolicl 
 corolla. Stamens 10, 15, or x , f ree or nearly so. Ovary ovoid, not attenuate; uttlr* .1. 
 slender, free or united ; placenta? parietal, extending the whole lengtli of the ovary aud 
 more or less intruded .x« partial septa. Ix'aves Heshy, oliovate. Flowers »howy. 
 
 1. TAMARIX. L. Tam.\risk. (Classical I^atin n.ime.) — (;tn. no. 240; 
 Le<leb. Ic. t. 2.'<;i •ia4, 2:.r, ; Bungo, Tent. Monog. Tamar. ; Ii«-nth. & Ho».k. 
 Gen. i. IGO; Baill. Hist. PI. ix. 244: Nitnlenzu in Kngl. & Pnintl. Nat. THau- 
 zenf. iii. Ab. 6, 21>.{. — Asiatic and Me<literranean ornamental (.hrul» aud trf*"* 
 with slender scaly branchlet.s and spicate white or roseate flowers t»f Miiall »i/o, 
 A single species often cultivated for ornament is sjwringly and hx-ally c»tablubcd 
 in America. 
 
 T. O.tLi.iCA, L. Cilabnmg: stems and flexnons branches purplish bn>w - '-k** 
 
 leaves ovate, acuminate, sulM-arinate. m-mi-amplrxicau). jwU- grwn 
 half line in length, at first cl<*«ly imbricated, Liter M'.Mten-il ; ii|» 
 
 » Northward to the .S*n lUfa.l Mt».. Santa lUrbara Co , ford. 
 
280 TAMARISCIXE.E. Fouquieria. 
 
 cvliudrical, flexuous, rather blunt, terminal on the short racemosely arranged upper branch- 
 lets : flowers small, numerous : petals oblong, about a line in lengtii, white, creain-colur, or 
 purplish tinged : anthers yellow or purple. — Spec. i. 270; Sibth. Fl. Gr. t. 291 ; Buuge, I. c. 
 61 . _ A beautiful shrub fretjuent in cultivation and tending to escape in the Southern States ; 
 permanently established on James Island, near Charleston, S. Car., C. E. Smith : also nat- 
 uralized in S, and W. Texas, Joor, Heller, &c. ; ti. spring and early summer. (Introd. from 
 the Mediterranean Region.) 
 
 2. FOUQUIl^IlIA, IIBK. Candlewood. (Dedicated to Pierre Ed- 
 ouard Foityut'rr, professor of metiicine at Paris during the rirst part of the present 
 century.) — Nov. Gen. & Spec. vi. 81, t. 527 ; Niedenzu, 1. c. 298. Fouquiera, 
 Spreng. Syst. ii. 568; DC. Prodr. iii. 349; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 161 ; Buill. 
 1. c. 241. Bronnia, HBK. 1. c. 83, t. 528. Philetceria, Liebm. Philet. en ny 
 anomal slagt. 5, t. 1, & Vidensk. Selsk. Skrivt. ser. 5, ii. 283. Idria, Kellogg, Proc. 
 Calif. Acad. Sci. ii. 34. — Armed shrubs or small trees (nearly or quite leafless 
 during drought) with terminal racemes or panicles of showy flowers. Leaves of 
 the primary shoots and developed branches soon deciduous, leaving only the in- 
 durated outer or ventral portions of the petioles as phyllodial thorns (Engelm. 
 Bot. Gaz. viii. 338) in the axils of which the more or less succulent foliar leaves 
 are fascicled. Anomalous genus, of four species, chiefly Mexican and Lower 
 Californian. 
 
 F. splendens, Engelm. (Coach-whip.) A shrub, 6 to 10 or even 20 feet high, branching 
 near the base : long branches gray, deeply furrowed between the decurrent bases of tiie 
 slender spreading spines : leaves obovate, rounded at the apex, cuneate at the base, 1-nerved, 
 lialf inch to inch in length: inflorescence racemose, thyrsoid, elongated, often branched 
 from the base, rather dense ; pedicels short : sepals rounded, subscarious, 3 lines in diameter : 
 tubular corolla bright scarlet, over an inch in length, with spreading or recurved obtuse 
 lobes: stamens 8 to 12, exserted : capsules 6 to 8 lines in length, with 3 or 4 lance-oblong 
 coriaceous valves ; seeds white, lance-oblong, with long fringe of sjiirally tliickened hairs. — 
 Engelm. in Wisliz. Tour. 98, 113 ; Gray, PI. Wright, i. 76, ii. 63 ; Torr. in Sitgr. Rep. 165, 
 & Bot. Mex. Bound. 148 ; Am. Gard. xiii. 759, with fig. F. spinosa, Torr. in Emory, Rep. 
 147, t. 8, not HBK. — Rocky hillsides, W. Texas to Arizona and S. California. (Mex., 
 Lower Calif.) Often cultivated by the Mexicans to make impenetrable hedges. 
 F. spin6sa, HBK. 1. c. iii. 452 (Bronnia spinosa, HBK. 1. c. vi. 83, t. 528), of Northern 
 Mexico, may be expected on our southwestern frontier. It has a trunk simple below, and may 
 be readily distinguished from the foregoing by its broad and open inflorescence (the slender 
 pedicels being 6 to 12 lines in length). 
 
 Order XXIL ELATINACEJS. 
 
 By a. Gray. 
 
 Low and bland herbs ; with opposite or sometimes verticillate simple dotless 
 leaves with stipules between them ; small hermaphrodite and completely isome- 
 rous regular flowers usually solitary in their axils ; hypogynous sepals and petals 
 imbricated in the bud, these persistent or marcescent ; short stamens as many or 
 twice as many as the petals and when of equal number alternate with them ; 
 ovary with as many cells as sepals ; axile placentation ; distinct introrsely stig- 
 matose styles or sessile stigmas ; indefinite anatropous ovules ; capsular fruit, the 
 
Elatine. KLATIN'ACK.K. 281 
 
 valves alternate with the disseiiimeiits ; and oliiong straiglit or curved fce«-d8, the 
 crustaceous testa Jilh-d or nearly so by the cylindraceous embryo ; the cotyledons 
 short and thick. Only two genera. 
 
 1. ELATINE. Flowers 2-4-iiiit()Uh. S.-pals iiicinl.raiiaieolierlMUwiUH, obtu*e. without 
 midrib. Capsule globusc, iiiembraiiace.m.s. Mostly a.juatic aiitiualM or sub-pereiiuiab., 
 glabrous. 
 
 2. BERGIA. Flowers S-merous. Sipals iHjiiited or acute, with thirki-mvl mi<lrib and 
 scarious niargius. Capsule ovoid, of lirni texture. Terrestrial, (mjiiib hufTnitfiMont, u*ually 
 
 l)uln'steiit. 
 
 1. ELATlNE, L. Watkkwokt. (OM (^-.-ik and Latin name for Home 
 herb, from iXdrt], a lir-tree, absurdly applied by J.inna-us to this j,'»-nuH because a 
 whorled-leaved species had been named Po(uniopi(fit/s. i. e. Kiver Pine.) — Afjuatic 
 and subaciuatic annuals or sub-perennials by rooting from the nodes ; ours all 
 depressed little plants, an inch or two high, mostly creeping by rooting from the 
 nodes, occurring both in aquatic and terrestrial forms ; with small fhtwers in the 
 axils of the entire leaves, when under water not rarely fertilized without oi>eriihg; 
 fl. summer. — Gen. no. 335; Seubert, Monogr. in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. xxi. 3H ; 
 Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 162 ; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xiii. 301. 
 
 § 1. CRi'PTA, Seubert, I.e. Flowers 2-3-merous, 2-3-androu8 : thin capsule 
 often bursting irregularly, the delicate portions evanescent or fragile; seeds 
 slightly curved : leaves simply opposite, in ours se.ssile or sid>sessile and the 
 flowers sessile. — Crypta, Nutt. Jour. Acad. Philad. i. 117 (§ Cnjjita, Grav, 
 Gen. 111. i. 220), answers to this section more extended. 
 
 E. triandra, Schk. Leaves oblanceolate or nearly lanceolate with frradually tapering Ijaw: 
 petals and stamens commonly 3, but sepals often only 2: seeds ascending over tlic whole 
 thickened axis of the capsule, more .slender than those of tlie foUowing. — liamlb. i. Mb, t. 
 109^ f. 2; Seubert, 1. c. t. 2, f. 1-8; Gray, Troc. Am. Acad. xiii. 361, 362. — I'onds, Illinuiii 
 and Nebraska, E. Hall; Yellowstone Lake, Tweedy. Rare iu Amer., widely distributed in 
 Old World. 
 
 E. Americana, Arn. Leaves obovate, very obtuse (1 to 3 lines long) : flowers 2 meroiui 
 or occasionally G-merons throughout, in aquatic form rarely opening and the ovules an<i 
 seeds mainly basilar, in terre.strial form flowers expanding and witli larg.r rosentdorcd 
 petals, the seeds more axile ; these cylindraceous, a tliird line long, slightly curved, clathrati«- 
 sculptured with 9 or 10 longitudinal lines and 20 to .30 cros»-l)ars. — Kdinlt. Jour. X.it. &. 
 Geogr. Sci. i. 431 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 203 ; Gray. Gen. III. i. 220, t. 9.5, & Proc. Am. Arnd. 
 1. c. E. minima, Fisch. & Mey. Linnaea. x. 73; Seubert, 1. c. t. 2. f. 9. 10. E. Clintoniana, 
 Peck, Rep. Reg. Univ. N. Y. xxii. .')2. terrestrial form. P>i>lis Aiiiericuna, I'ursh. Fl. i. 2.38. 
 Cryptn minima, Nutt. Jour. Acad. Philad. i. 117. t. 6. f. 1, & Gen. App.; T-rr. Fl. N. & 
 Midd. States, i. 32. ? Lei>lrln<i antumnnlis, Haf. Jour. Phys. Ixxxix. 96 (|s|'.t). — In mud 
 and shallow water, New England > to Virginia and Hrit. Columbia, along the Kooky Moun- 
 tains to Colorado and the Sierra Nev.ida to S. California. (Mex., Austral.. K. Ind.. &c.) 
 
 E. brachysperma, Gn.w. Leaves oblong or oval with narrowed b.-uie : flowen* mostly 
 2-ni(Tons: s.'fds short-oblong, straightish. barely (piarter line long. s<ulpture<l in 6 or 7 
 longitn.linal lines with 10 or 12 cross-bars. — Proc. Am. Acad. I c. ; \V.-»L-.. Hot. Calif, 
 ii. 436. — Illinois an.! Tcxjis. I/<ilt, IhU,, &c., to Ari/.ona, l.imvum, and coaj«t ■' of Califoniia, 
 Anderson, Orcutt : chiefly terrcjitrial. 
 
 J Also northward into Brit. Amrrica from Tadousar. Dr. G. (1. K<nnt,ly, ami Hull. Qurl»c. 
 Macoun, to Vancniivrr Isl.. Marnun. 
 
 2 Also on pliiin- in ilu- intpriorof the state, ace. to C.rccnc, Kl. Francis. IM. Add mh. .b«ii.7*f. ii«i 
 brachyspermum, Greene, Man. Hay-Reg. 62. 
 
282 ELATIXACE.E. Elatine. 
 
 § 2. Elatinella, Seubert, 1. c. 46. Flowers 4-merous and 8-androus, very 
 rarely 3-merous and 6-androus : capsule firmer, septifragal. 
 
 E. Californica, Gray. Leaves obovate or spatulate with tapering base, lower ones dis- 
 tinctly jietiolod: flowers short-peduueled, expanding: petals white: seeds curved into a 
 hook or partial ring (as in E. Jlydropiper), a third line long, sculptured with 10 or 12 longi- 
 tudinal and numerous transverse lines. — Proc. Am. Acad. xiii. 361, 364; Wats. 1. c. — 
 Sierra Valley, E. California,! Lemmon; Spokane Co., Washington, Suksdorf. 
 2. B^RG-IA, L. (Peter Jonas Bercjius, Swedish botanist of the 18th cen- 
 tury.) Mant. ii. 152. — Tropical and subtropical genus. Dehiscence generally 
 
 septicidal. But in the N. American species, 
 
 § Bergella, with dehiscence septifragal, the firm portions remaining attached 
 to the placentiferous axis. Habit of B. ammamoides, &c. — Elatine, subg. 
 Berf/ella, Gray, Gen. 111. i. 219, t. 96. Bergella, Schnizl. Ic. t. 219. 
 
 B. Texana, Setbert. Annual herb, a span to a foot high, branched from the base, puberu- 
 lent : stems glandular-pubescent, very leafy : leaves obovate-oblong or spatulate witii taper- 
 ing base, an inch or half inch long, veiny, serrulate : flowers fascicled in the axils, 
 short-pedicelled : sepals almost 2 lines long, acuminate, equalling the white or whitish 
 petals: stamens either 5 or 10: seeds oblong, a little curved, obscurely clathrate-reticnlate 
 under a lens. — Seubert in Walp. Kep. i. 285 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 80. By error 
 " B. Americana, Seubert," Wats. Bot. King Exp. 45; Gray in Hall, Bl. Tex. 5. Merlmea 
 iTe.rana, Hook. Ic. t. 278. Elatine Texana, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 678; Gray, PI. Lindh. pt. 
 2, 187, & Gen. 111. (subg. Ben/ella) 1. c. Bergella Texana, Schnizl. 1. c — Sandy banks of 
 streams, W. Texas (first coll. by Wriijht) and Arkansas ; ^ also W. Nevada, various parts of 
 California, and ou the Columbia River; apparently a recently dispersed weed. 
 
 Order XXIII. HYPERICACE^. 
 By J. M. Coulter, 
 
 Herbs or shrubs with opposite entire leaves dotted with pellucid spots or dark 
 glands, and no stipules. Flowers perfect, regular, hypogynous, solitary or 
 cymose. Sepals 4 or 5, imbricated in bud, herbaceous and persistent. Petals 
 4 or 5, mostly convolute in bud, deciduous, and yellow or flesh-color. Stamens 
 usually numerous and 3- or 5-adelphous, occasionally with alternating glands ; 
 anthers 2-celled, longitudinally dehiscent, mostly versatile. Carpels 2 to 5, 
 united to form a 1-celled or more or less perfectly 3-5-celled ovary, which 
 contains numerous anatropous ovules ; styles as many as the carpels, slender, 
 distinct or more or less united. Fruit (in ours) a septicidal capsule ; seeds exal- 
 buminous ; embryo usually straight. — A small order, but represented in all 
 temperate and warmer regions. Its close relationship to Guttiferce has suggested 
 its inclusion in that order, from which it differs in its often herbaceous habit, 
 comparatively thin leaves, perfect flowers, and filiform styles. 
 1. ASCYRUM. Sepals 4, very unequal, the outer pair very broad, the inner much smaller. 
 
 Petals 4, very deciduous. Stamens numerous, distinct or slightly united at base, with no 
 
 1 Also at Sta. Monica, Calif., Dr. Basse, and near Great Falls, Montana, ace. to R. S. Williams, 
 Bull. Torr. Club, xix. 194. 
 
 2 Also in Missouri and Indian Territory, Bush, and Kansas, fide Hitchcock. 
 
Asci/rum. 11 VI'KltlCACK.i:. 283 
 
 interposed glands. Ovary strictly 1-collod, of 2 or 3, very rarely 4 <ariK-U; Htylc« di»iiurt 
 
 or united below ; stigmas not capitate. C'ap.sulc ovoid. 
 
 2. HYPERICUM. Sepals 5,> ai»|(ro.\iinately e(|ual. I'eUU 5, dociduoiw or marre«c«nt. 
 
 Stamens usually numerous and 3- or .'•.-adel|)lio»s, with or without iMler|x>»ed gland*. Ovary 
 
 of 3 to 5 caij.els, I -celled or more or less completely 3-r)H.elled ; ittyle« 3 to 5, iliBtiiict or 
 
 united even to tiie ape.x ; stigmas often capiute. Capsule conical u> gIobo«» or ohlung. 
 
 1. ASCYRUM, L. St. Pktku's-wout. ('Ao-wpor, used by I)ioK«-(m«le» 
 
 for :i plant presumably of tbis orilt-r.) — Low sufTrutirosu leafy aixl Hinootb plaiiti*, 
 
 vvitb small black-dotted leaves, and nearly solitary liglit yellow flow.rs on bibruc- 
 
 teolate pedicels. A genus of four or five species, peculiar to K. Nortb America, 
 
 tbe West Indies, and Central America, but represented in Asia by a 8in;;le 
 
 species of tbe Himalaya region. Tbe propriety of a generic separation from 
 
 Ili/pericum is very doubtful. — Gen. no. G07 ; Torr. &, Gray, Fl. i. I.jC, r,7l ; 
 
 Gray, Gen. 111. i. 211, t. 91 ; Bentb. & Hook. Gen. i. 164, exci. .syn. hnphyHum ; 
 
 Coulter, Bot. Gaz. xi. 79 ; Eugler in Engl. & Prantl. Nat. Pflanzeiif. iii. Ab. 0, 
 
 208, excl. syn. Isophyllum. 
 
 * Diffuse: leaves narrowed at base, not clasping: inner sepals very small or ob»«jlete: 
 petals about as long as outer sepals: styles 2, di.stinct or united. 
 
 A. pumilum, Micux. Low, 3 to 9 inches high, with spreading branches which are some- 
 what two edged and winged above: leaves linear-oblong to oval, .sonu-timcs spatulate or 
 naiTDwly obovate, 2 to 4 lines long, about a line wide: pedicels 3 to 6 lines long, bibractoo- 
 late near the base, becoming more or less refiexed : inner sepals obsolete or nearlv so : nt-tals 
 obovate, little longer than the ovate acute or obtuse outer sepals: stvles as long as the 
 ovary. — Fl. ii. 77; Torr. & (Jr.iy, Fl. i. 156. .1. pawljlorum, Nutt. Cen. ii. 15; Choi.<«. in 
 DC. Prodr. i. 555. — Dry ground, Georgia and Florida. 
 
 A. hypericoides, L. Taller, becoming 2 feet high or more, from decumbent an<l branche<l 
 at base to somewliat erect and branched above: leaves oblong, varying l»etween narrowly 
 linear and narrowly obovate, 3 to 18 lines long, I to 4 lines wide, more or less plainly 
 biglandular at base: pedicels 1 to 3 (rarely reaching C) lines long, bibractoolate clos«" to the 
 flower: outer sepals ovate or cordato-ovate, obtuse or acute ; inner sepals evident, jtotaloid : 
 petals linear-oblong to narrowly obovate : styles short — Spec. ii. 788. ^1. Crur-Amlmr, L. 
 Spec. ed. 2, ii. 1107, and of authors. A. multiraule, Michx. Fl. ii. 77. — Damp ground and 
 banks of streams, or dry thickets and woodlands towards the south, from .M.xssachn.M'tts 
 (Nantucket) to Florida, Illinois, and Texas, and extending to the West Indies. Mexico, and 
 Central America. Among the extreme soutliern and southwestern forms then* apiM-ar 
 some with unusually narrow or short leaves, but they cannot be se|)anited even varietally 
 from the ordinary type, and the attempt to maintain two distinct spt'cies seems nnteiiahle. 
 In any event, the North American jdant should bear its original Linn.Tan nanw as alwve. 
 
 * ♦ Erect and stouter: leaves broader and thicker, more or le.«s d.isping. inner .sepals .*) 
 to 6 lines long, sometimes as long as the outer, seldom ])etaloid : )>otals mostly much 
 longer than the outer sepals: styles 3 (rarely 4), generally distinct. 
 
 A. Stans, Micux. Stems 1 to 2 feet high, simple or branched nl>ove, conspicuoucly twiv 
 edged and even winged : leaves oblong to oval, varying to ol>ovate, clowly »<»s.Hil«> and 
 somewhat clasping, ^ to 2 inches long and 3 to 8 lines wide: petlicels 2 to 6 lines long, 
 bibracteolate near the mid<lle : outer sepals ovate to orbicular-cordate ; inner oiii's lanc<H>. 
 late: styles .short. — Michx. in Willd. Spec iii. 1473, & Fl. ii. 77; Chois. in DC. rnxir i. 
 555; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 157; Gray. Gen. 111. i. 212, t. 91. — .'^andy gronn.l in the Atlanlir 
 and Gulf States, fri>ni New .Jersey to Tex.xs. The leaves vary widely, but the usual »iie 
 is about an inch long and 5 to 6 lines in width. 
 
 A. amplexicatole, Mimx. With the general habit of .1. ft.nif .- learc« ovat4»-onrilal«>. 
 often broa<lly so, clasping, h.alf inch or more long ami nearly .is wide : jXHlicels 2 to 6 lin<<« 
 
 1 One anom.nlous species (//. mirr(^epnlum) is 4-n)rrnii«. 
 
284 HYPERICACE.E. Hypericum. 
 
 long, with very small bractlets near the base or none : outer sepals ovate-cordate, resembling 
 the leaves; inner ones linear-lanceolate: styles al.out as lung as the ovary. — Fl. ii. 77; 
 Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 157. A. Cubense, Griseb. Plant. Cub. 40. Ili/pericuin tetrapetalum, Lam. 
 Diet. iv. 153. — Low ground, Georgia and Florida. (Also Cuba.) 
 
 2. HYPERICUM, Tourn. St. John's-wort. (An ancient Greek name.) 
 — Herbs or shrubs, with cymose yellow or flesh-colored flowers, and more or 
 less black-dotted and pellucid-punctate sessile leaves. Very variable in size of 
 leaves, sepals, and flowers. A genus of about 200 species, widely distributed 
 but chiefly in north temperate regions. In North America almost exclusively 
 restricted to the x\tlantic region. — Inst. 254, t. 131 ; L. Gen. no. 606; Torr. & 
 Gray, Fl. i. 157, inch Elodea ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 213, t. 92, 93; Benth. «& Hook. 
 Gen. i. 165; Coulter, Bot. Gaz. xi. 81, incl. Elodea; Keller in Engl. & Prantl, 
 Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. 6, 208. Sarothra, L. Gen. ed. 6, no. 383. Isophijllum, 
 Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, v. 367. Elodea, Juss. Gen. 255, not Michx. 
 Elodes, Adans. Fam. ii. 444. Triadenum, Raf. Med. Repos. hex. 2, y. 352. 
 There are at least thirty-five additional generic synonyms. 
 
 H. sETdsuM, L. Spec. ii. 787, H. elAtum, Ait. Kew. iii. 104, and H. triplinerve. 
 Vent. Hort. Cels. t. 58, all credited to North America, should be excluded, since tho. first 
 proves to be a complex founded upon descriptive phrases, and the other two are Old World 
 species. 1 
 
 § 1. IsoPHYLLUM, Spach (as genus). Sepals and petals 4 (occasionally 5) : 
 stamens numerous and distinct, with no interposed glands : styles 3, at first united 
 into a long sharp beak, becoming distinct : capsule 1-celled, with projecting pla- 
 centae : branching shrubs, with yellow flowers. — Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, v. 367. 
 
 H. micros epalum, Gray. Decumbent or erect, half to a foot high or more : leaves very 
 small, oblong-linear and obtuse, 3 to 4 lines lon^ and hardly a line wide : flowers showy, 
 about an inch broad, clustered at the summits of the branches : sepals slightly unequal, 
 linear to oblong, mostly obtuse, much shorter than the somewhat unequal petals : capsule 
 oblong-ovate, 2 to 3 lines long ; seeds oblong, minutely striate and pitted. — Gray in Wats. 
 Bibl. Index, 456 ; Coulter, Bot. Gaz. xi. 82. Asryrum microsej)aIum, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 
 157; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 212; Chapm. FT 39. Isophi/lhm Drummondn, Spach, 1. c. 368. -— 
 Georgia and Florida. A species distinctly intermediate between Ascip-um and Hi/perlcum, 
 and referred to either genus by botanists. Its association with Ascip-iim, however, depends 
 only upon the usually 4-merous flowers, while in every other feature it is distinctly a 
 Hypericum. 
 
 § 2. Hypericum proper. Sepals and petals 5, the latter deciduous or marces- 
 cent, convolute in aestivation : stamens mostly numerous, either distinct or united 
 at the very base into 3 or 5 clusters, and with no interposed glands : styles 3 to 5, 
 distinct or united; stigmas often capitate: capsule 1-celled, or 3-5-celled : shrubs 
 or herbs, with yellow flowers. 
 
 * Stamens very numerous, either distinct or united into sets. 
 -I— Styles 5, united below, distinct above ; stigmas capitate : capsule 5-celled : tall perennial 
 herbs with large leaves and flowers. 
 H. Ascyron, L. L^sually branching above, 2 to 5 feot high : leaves ovate-lanceolate, clasp- 
 ing, mostly acute, 2 to 5 inches long, about an inch wide, pellucid-punctate with elongated 
 dots: flowers 1 to 2 inches broad, solitary at the ends of l)rancbes and in terminal cymes: 
 sepals lanceolate to ovate, acute, 4 to 6 lines long : capsule ovoid-conical, 9 lines long; seeds 
 
 1 For fuller statement see Bot. Gaz. xi. 82. 
 
Hypericum. II V I'lilMfAC'K.K. 285 
 
 terete, with a slightly winded rhaphe. — Spec. ii. 78.3; Maxim. I'l. Nor. Aniat. iv. 162. 
 //. />i/ntiniil(iliiiii, Ait. Kfw. iii. |()3; Torr. & iirAV, VI. i. |.'>8. //. ,i»r^ro,ih,, WilM Sj-h-. 
 iii. 1443 ; Cliois. iit DC. I'roilr. i. .')45. //. f/i«rr<Kv.r/.«m. .Miihx. Fl. ii. H2. — In the Allanlio 
 region as far soutii as Connecticut ami I'enn.Hvlvania, and cxUMi.ling wi-ntwanl to .Mimuiuri, 
 Minnesota, an.l tlie Winnipeg N'alley, and .lonbile.vt farther northwest. (Ihroughoul N. k! 
 A.sia, and in Ku.) 
 
 ■K- -»-- Style.-i united into a long 8har|> heak, finally l>econiing distinct ; utigmas minuU-, dot 
 capitate : more or le.ss shruhliy jiiants. 
 
 ■H- Styles usually ."i and capsule .'i celled : liushy shruhs witli crowdo<! leaveji. 
 
 H. Kalmianum, I- A foot or two high : leaves linear to <d.lanceolale. tajHring at lian*. 
 1 to 2 iiulies lung, 2 to 4 lines wide. i)elluci(!-punctate with n.nnd dot... glaucous Ifcnealh : 
 cymes few-Howered : sepals lance(date to oval, half as long ns the jietal* : ca|mu|c< ovale. 
 about 3 lines long, often somewliat lobed ; .see.ls al)ru|.tly and ininutelv jx.inted. — Sj.w. ii! 
 783; Torr. Fl. N. Y. i. 86, t. 13; Torr. & Cray, Fl. \. L-JS. — H.xk'v and sandv shon-s! 
 Canada, Niagara Falls, and about the (ireat Lakes. The caj.sules may'l»e 4- or (U-ell.Nj, Iml 
 the 5-celled condition is l»y far the most coinmou. 
 
 H. lobocarpum, G.\ttinger. A shrub 5 to 7 feet high, with uj.right branches: leavem 
 linearlanccolate to narrowly oblong, 1 to 3 inches long, 3 to 9 lines broad, with Knialk-r ones 
 in axillary fa.-<cic]es : Howers numerous, smaller than in the la.-^t (usually n-s<-iid.Iing iIlmm- ..f 
 II. densifivnim) : .^epals linear-lanceolate, not fnlijiceous : ca|isule '1 to 3 lines long. lanciM»- 
 late and tapering to the long strong beak, completely ."j-celled and deeply .VIoIhhI. in m<*t 
 cases the five carpels almost di.stinct, and at maturity falling away sejiaratelv from the 
 central axis.— Bot. Gaz. xi. 27.'). — Oak barrens of Mi.ldle ami Western Tennessee, (ial. 
 linger. Western Missi.ssippi, Stewart, and Soutiiern Louisiana, fMr,s, and pn.baldv through- 
 out the Lower Mississippi region. The type specimens were growing in a swampv region 
 difficult to penetrate. In size and general habit the plant do.^ely resembles //. f{,„s,f(onim, 
 with perhaps even denser flower clu.sters ; but the flowers ni.iy Iwcome almost a.s larce .in 
 tho.se of //. Kdlmianiim and //. /irolificum, which latter species it very doselv resiinldcs as 
 to its leaves. It is impossible to distinguish the species from forms of //. prijijirum and 
 //. densiflorum in the absence of cai)sules. Certain forms also resemtde II. jffisrinilafuiH in 
 tlieir narrow, rigid, and very revolute leave.s, and in the axillary f;wcicles. 
 
 ++ ++ Styles usually 3 and capsules completely 3-celled : branching shrul«. 
 
 H. prolificum, L. Leaves linear-lanceolate to narrowly oblong, narrowed at l(a.«ie, nn>stly 
 obtu.se and mucronulate, 1 to 3 inches long, 3 to 9 lines broad, with axillary fascicl(>s of 
 smaller ones: flowers numerous, i to 1 inch broad : .sejials une(|ual, foliaceous, lance<date t<i 
 ovate, mncronate, much shorter than the j>etals : capsule lance<date to ovate. 4 t<> fi lines 
 long. — Mant. 106; Cliois. in DC. Prodr. i. .'J47 ; Torr. & (iray, Fl. i. 159, excl. var. 7. 
 //. rosiiinr{ni/olii(m, Torr. & <ir."\y, 1. c, not Lam. Miiriandm leclif'iJia, SjMich, 1. c. 365. — 
 From New Jersey to Georgia, Alabama, Arkans.-u'*. Mis.souri, and .Minnesota. The leaven 
 are exceedingly variable in size, often resembling tho.se of the next s|KHies, es|>eciatly at 
 the south, but the flowers and capsules are much larger and much fewer. Fluwcrs «iih 
 four styles are occasionally found, making the separation from the last two s|XHies difficult. 
 
 H. densiflorum, Pi nsn. More shruliby and taller, sometimes 5 to 6 feet higli, much 
 more liranching: leaves more crowded, narrower an<l shorter: flowers much more nnmerous 
 and smaller : sepals smaller, not foliaceous : ca|)snle ovate, 2 to 3 lines long. — Fl. ii. .176 ; 
 Chois. 1. c. //. rjalioicles, I'ursh, 1. c, not Lam. ? //. ]>ri>lltieum, var. 7. Torr. &. (Jray. I c. 
 //. i>ri)/itiriim, var (lensiftnniiii, Gr.ay. Man. ed. 5. 84. Mi/rintnlrn s/Mtthiilnln, S|>ach. I c. — 
 From the ]»ine barrens of New .lersey to Florida, Tennessee. Arkan.sas. and Texan. 
 Occasional forms with large leaves closely simulate the last spwies, but the tlowoni and 
 cap.sules can be distinguisheil easily. Four ami even five styles sometimes «i«cur. but the 
 flowers upon any plant are prevailingly .3-styled. and even the .Vstyled c.tpsules are dinlinrt 
 from those of //. IntMirnrpum, which are narrow ami relatively long. ta|M>nng from the I«m> 
 to the prominent beak, besides l>eing very «leeply lolted. 
 
 H. Buckleii, >L A. Ciktis. Low, \ to 1 f.xit high, widely branchine from the l.a«« 
 leaves ol.long, obtuse, narrowed at base, ^ to 1 inch long. 2 to 4 linii* bn.>ad. |i.iler l>cnc*lb 
 
286 IIYPERICACE^. Hypericum. 
 
 and more or less black-dotted : flowers solitary (sometimes in threes) and terminal, on long 
 peduncles, about au inch broad : sepals obovate, not half so long as the petals : capsule 
 conical, 4 to 5 lines long. — Am. Jour. Sci. ser. 1, xliv. 80; Chapin. Fl. 39. — Cliffs, moun- 
 tains of North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. The original form of the specific 
 name is that given above, and not H. Buckleyi, as commonly printed. 
 
 ++++++ Styles 3 : capsule 1-celled, or almost 3-celled by the projecting placentae : shrubby 
 at least at base. 
 
 = Placenta; projecting nearly to the centre of tlie ovary. 
 
 a. Sepals broad, ovate, foliaceous: flowers large and showy, solitary -or in leafy cymes: 
 leaves rather broad and somewhat coriaceous : shrubby. 
 
 H. auremn, Bartram. Widely branched above, 2 to 4 feet high : leaves oblong, more or 
 less attenuate at ba.-<e, obtuse or acute, 1 to 3 inches long, 3 to 9 lines broad : flowers often 
 solitarv, 1 to 2 inches broad, very showy : sepals very unequal, often enclosing the capsule : 
 petals orange-yellow, firm, reflexed: stamens excessively numerous : capsule ovate-conical, 
 not lobed, 3 to 5 lines long. — Travels, 383 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 161 . U.frondosnm, Michx. 
 Fl. ii. 81 ; Ciiois. in DC. Prodj. i. .544. II. ascyroides, var. 3, Poir. Suppl. iii. 694. //. amantim, 
 Pursh, 1. c. 375 ; Nutt. Gen. ii. 16 ; Chois. 1. c. — South Carolina and Georgia to Tennessee, 
 Alabama, and Texas. The leaves and sepals vary much in size, certain mountain forms 
 having leaves closely resembling those of II. prolijicum. 
 
 H. myrtifolium, Lam. More or less branching : leaves cordate-oblong, clasping, obtuse 
 (rarelv acute), i to 1 inch long, 3 to 6 lines broad, those of the cyme usually much smaller: 
 flowers less than an inch broad, in compound cymes : sepals resembling the leaves, often 
 larger than the floral bracts, often reflexed : capsule as in the last, but coriaceous and 3- or 
 4-lol)ed or -angled. — Diet. iv. 180; Chois. 1. c. 547 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 161. II. ylaucum, 
 Michx. Fl. ii. 78 ; Chois. 1. c. H. rosmarinifolhim, Chois. 1. c, not Lam. H. sessi/ifiorum, 
 Willd. in Spreng. Syst. iii. 346; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 166. Myriandra ylauca, Spach, 1. c. — 
 From South Carolina to Florida and Alabama. 
 
 b. Sepals small, very narrow: flowers small, axillary and terminal: leaves narrow and 
 much fascicled in the axils : shrubby and branching. 
 
 H. fasciculatum, Lam. One to ten feet high : leaves very narrowly linear and revolute, 
 coriaceous, crowded, closely sessile, not tapering at base, 2 to 8 lines long : sepals resembling 
 the leaves : capsule 3-lobed, oblong-conical to ovate-conical, few-seeded, a line or two long. 
 
 — Diet. iv. 160; Chois. 1. c. 554 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 160. H. nitidum, Lam. 1. c. II. as- 
 ■ palathoides, Willd. Spec. iii. 1451 ; Pursh, 1. c. 376. H. fasciculatum, var. aspalathoides, 
 
 Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 672. Myriandra nitida, brachyphylla, & galioides of Spach, 1. c. — Wet 
 pine barrens, North Carolina to Florida, Louisiana, and Ea.stern Texas. Very varialile in 
 length of leaves, the rather striicing short-leaved forms being the var. aspalathoides, although 
 they represent Lamarck's tyi)e material of the species. Certain large forms, four to ten 
 feet high, with unusually long leaves, appear quite distinct, but they are connected with the 
 shorter-leaved forms by a comj)lcte intergradation. 
 H. galioides, Lam. Like the last, but leaves longer and broader, linear-lanceolate to oblanceo- 
 late, generally mucronate, always tapering at base and suhpetiolate, not so revolute, i to 3 
 inches long, as many lines wide : sepals linear-lanceolate, acute, tapering at base. — Diet. iv. 
 161 ; Chois. 1. c. 550 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 159. //. axilhtrc. Lam. 1. c , not Michx. - H. fascicu- 
 latum, Michx. in Willd. Spec. iii. 1452, not Lam. //. nmbi(pium. Ell. Sk. ii. 30 ; Torr. & Gray, 
 1. c. 162, 673. 77. galioides, var. ambiyuum, Chapm. Fl. 40. ^fyriandra Michaurii, Spach, 1. c. 
 
 — Wet ground, Delaware to Florida, East Tennessee, and Louisiana. In general H. fasci- 
 culatum and H. galioides may be distinguished from each other easily, the leaves being of 
 entirely different types, but narrow-leaved forms of the latter species often become perplex- 
 ing except to one very familiar with the group. The leaves of this species range from these 
 very narrow forms to the broad ones which stand for the variety ambigniim. These large- 
 leaved plants are recorded as becoming as much as 12 feet high. These two species bear 
 much resemblance to H. lobocarpum, wJiich liiis the leaves of both and the same deeply lobed 
 capsule. 
 
Ilypcricum. 11 VI'KKICACK.E. 
 
 287 
 
 c. Sepals small : flowers small, in naked cymes: leaves rather hroa-l, thin, an.l veinv m.mc. 
 what shruhl.y at base, a foot or two hij^h, Him|il« or hranihinK. 
 H. adpressum, lUitros. Leaves linear-lanceolato to narn^wly ohlonR, m.*tlv »cme 
 usiMlly aso lulmg, ahoiit 2 inches long. 3 to 4 lines l,r..ad, revolute. |H-llu,-idi.uncUte with- 
 out black dots, translucently veiny : cy.nes l.-ufy only at baM-. .iichoiomal llow-n. in.»tl» 
 very 8hort-pedicelle.l : sepals linear to lanceolate, a.nte. \ to | ,« long :«. tho ih-u1« often 
 reflexed: capsule ovate to oblong, about 'i lines long; sccdn oblong. - Fl. I'hilad. *ii. 15- 
 Torr. & (Jray. Fl. i. 159. //. /Jo„<i,,arte,c, Barton, Fl. N. Am. iii. 95. t 106. I/./atfig.atum', 
 Ell. Sk. ii. 31 ; Torr. & Cray, 1. c. 1G6. //. aJpussum, var. f<nti,jUitum. Torr. & Grmy, 1. c! 
 673. — Moist ground, Massachu.setts to New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Georgia. 
 
 H. nudiflorum, Miciix. Leaves thinner, ovate-lanccohitc or oblong, obtuse, 2 to .1 inrhiHi 
 long, i, ini ii broad, pellucid-punctato and with very small crowded black dots : ' 
 culate, naked at ba.se, loo.sely flowered, dichotonial (lowers pedicelled : wpals \ 
 to oblong, about \ as long as the \^eU\\» : capsule ovate-conical, atn.ut 3 lin< - 
 cylindrical, with prominent rhaphe. — Michx. in Willd. Spec iii. U.-iG; Torr. JL C.rav.l. c. 
 162. //. o*7/7o//»/H, Coulter, Hot. Gaz. xi. 86, not Lam. — From North Carolina tlm'iugh 
 the Gulf States to Texas. The more naked cymes, and the broader leaves with their vcr/ 
 numerous and crowded i)lack dots, serve to distinguish this species easily from the last. 
 
 = = riacentaj projecting a little, or not at all : sepals uneijual. 
 
 a. Leaves mostly linear, with rather large and scattereti pellucid dots: flowers in somewhat 
 leafy-bracted cymes: capsule conical or globose; seeds large, oval, strongly nig'-M 
 
 transversely. 
 
 H. cistifolium, L.\m. Sini].lc or l)ranched, 1 to 3 feet high : leaves linear Ut narn«wly 
 oblong, mostly obtuse, 2 to 3 inches long, 3 to 6 lines wide: cyme 1<k)8«'1v flowered, diclu*- 
 omal flower mostly sessile : sepals varying from small and linear to ovate and as long as 
 the petals : capsule from depres.sed-globose to ovoid, about 2 lines long ; seeds with rhaplio 
 almost winged. — Diet. iv. 158. not Coulter. Rot. Gaz. xi. 86. //. rosmarini/Ji„m, I.am. 1. c. 
 159, not Torr. & Gray. Fl. i. 1.59. //. spharocarpum, Michx. Fl. ii. 78 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 16,1 
 (spfuerocorpon) ; Coulter, 1. c. 87. — Kocky banks of the Ohio and its tributiiries, stmthward 
 to Arkan.sas and Al;il)ama. Tlie hirge and rough see<ls are the most characteristic (tnes of 
 the genus, ami serve to distinguish the species readily from any others likely to be con- 
 founded with it. 
 
 H. dolabriforme, Vent. Low, straggling, i to IJ feet high: leaves linear (rarely nar- 
 rowly oblong-linear), widely spre;iding, an inch or less long, I to 2 lines broad, mostly acute : 
 cyme usually few-flowered, dichott)mal flower pedicelled : sepals large and foli.iceous, lanceo- 
 late to ovate, acute or acuminate, as long as the jietals : capsule ovate-conical, coriai-oous. 
 almost tri(iuetrous, about 3 lines long. — Ilort. Cels. t. 45 ; Fursh. 1. c. 378 ; Chois. 1. c. 547 ; 
 Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 162. //. prorumUtts, Desf. in Willd. Spec. iii. 1450; Michx. Fl. ii. 81 ; 
 Pursh, 1. c. 379 ; Chois. 1. c. — Dry sterile hills, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Missouri. 
 
 b. Leaves oblong, obtuse : flowers in nearly naked cymes : capsule ovate ; seeds oblong, 
 minutely striate and pitted. 
 
 H. Opdcum, Torr. & Gr.\y. One to four feet high: leaves linear oblong. a!>out I inch 
 long and 2 to 4 lines wide, closely .'^essile. ])ellucid-punct;ite with minute crowilod dot.*, often 
 rusty beneath : flowers 3 to 5 lines brosid, in divarirate cymes, the dichotom.il flowers niootly 
 sessile: sepals oblong to obovate, about half as lon'.j a.s the bright yellow |H'taIs : ca|>aulc 2 
 to 3 lines long. — Fl. i. 163. //. punrtulosum, nert<d. Misc. Hot. xiii. 18. t. 3. f. 2. //. md- 
 folium, Torr. & Grav, 1. c. 674, not Lam. — South Carolina and Georgia to Florida and 
 Mi,-^sissip,.i. 
 
 H. ellipticum, IIdok. Mostly herb.iceous. 10 to 20 inches high: leaves elliptical-oblong, 
 sessile or tapering at b.ise, ^ to \i inches long, 3 to 5 lines bn^Kl, pelhnid pniicCite with 
 large scattered dots, translucently veiny: flowers 4 to 6 lines liroad. «cia.«i>>n.illy 4 meroiia, 
 in few-flowered cymes, the dichotonial flowers pedicelled : sepals mostly f<diaceous and sprrAd- 
 ing, oblanceolate to narrowly obovate, usually shorter than the p;ile yellow petals: ca|«ul9 
 as in the hist. — Fl. Hor.-Am. i. 110; Torr. & (Jray. Fl. i. 164. //. tpharocarpum. Barton. 
 
288 JIYPERICACE^. Hypericum. 
 
 Fl. Philad. ii. 14, not Michx. — Moist ground, from Canada to Pennsylvania and westward 
 to Minnesota and the Winnipeg Valley. 
 
 ^_ ^_ ^— Styles 3 or 4, very long, distinct and spreading, with capitate stigmas: capsule 
 ovate, strictly 1-celled, a line or two long : simple or branching iierbs, 1 to 3 feet high, with 
 ascending sessile or clasping leaves, and the uppermost branches of the cyme bearing 
 alternate distant Howers. 
 H. virgatum, Lam. Leaves ovate, oblong-lanceolate, or narrowly oldong, acute, i to 1 inch 
 long, 1 to 4 lines wide : flowers brigiit yellow, 4 to 8 lines broad, in nearly naked cymes : 
 sepals lanceolate to ovate, acute or acuminate, keeled below, more or less foliaceous and en- 
 closing the small capsule. — Diet. iv. 158 ; Chois. 1. c. 547 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 166. //. an- 
 guhsHin, Michx. in Willd. Spec. iii. 1454; Chois. 1. c. 546; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 164, 673; 
 Grav, Man. ed. 5, 85. //. hedijoti/olium, I'oir. Suppl. iii. 700. — Sandy or rocky ground, from 
 the pine barrens of New Jersey to the mountains of Georgia, Tennessee, and Kentucky. 
 The species is quite variable in the size and form of its leaves, but the general type is oblong- 
 lanceolate, about an inch long and three lines broad. The following varieties can be recog- 
 nized usually without ditliculty: 
 
 Var. ovalifolium, Hm ttox. Loaves oval to obovate, not more than twice as long as 
 broad, mostly obtuse, rather strictly erect or almost ajipressed. — Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. ix. 
 10. — Pine barrens of New Jersey. The short broad u.sually erect and distant leaves give 
 to the plant an aspect quite different from that of the more soutliern species. Apparently 
 the common form of the New Jersey pine barrens, the species proper appearing with great 
 distinctness only farther south. 
 
 Var. acutifolium, Coulter. Usually taller and more branching, with leaves linear- 
 lanceolate, ta])ering to a very acute apex, an inch or more long, and a line or two broad. — 
 Hot. (;az. xi. 106. //. acutifoUum, Ell. Sk. ii. 26; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 167. — From South 
 Carolina to Florida. 
 H. pilosum, Walt. Scabrous-tomentose, mostly simple : leaves ovate-lanceolate, strictly 
 erect or even appre.ssed, 4 to 6 lines long, 1 to 2 lines wide, sometimes much reduced : flowers 
 3 to 5 lines broad, in few-flowered cymes : sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute : petals more than 
 twice as long, involute when old. — Car. 190; Chois. 1. c. 549; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 163; 
 //. sctosum, L. Spec. ii. 787, as to Clayton's plant in Gronov. Virg. 88. //. si'm/i/cr, Michx. Fl. 
 ii. 80 ; Chois. 1. c. Asci/rum villosum, L. Spec. ii. 788. — Wet pine barrens, South Carolina 
 to Florida and Louisiana. 
 
 ^— -1— -t— -t— Styles 3, long, distinct, and usually spreading, with capitate stigmas: capsule 
 ovate, 3-celled, more or less covered with amber-colored glands and exhaling a heavy odf)r 
 when crushed : petals marcescent : whole plant (including petals and anthers) more or 
 less black-dotted : herbs, with rather large leaves and flowers, the petals much longer 
 than the sepals. 
 
 ++ Eastern species : plants 1 to 4 feet high : capsules mostly not lobed. 
 
 H. perfouAtum, L. Much branched (usually a leafy branch in the axil of every leaf of the 
 primary stem) : leaves linear to oblong, obtuse, mostly tapering at base, ^ to 1 inch long, 1 
 to 5 lines wide : flowers numerous in loose cymes, about an inch broad : sepals linear-lanceo- 
 late, very acute or acuminate : petals bright yellow, black-dotted along the margin : capsule 
 conical-ovate, 2 to 3 lines long. — Spec. ii. 785. — Common everywhere in old fields as a weed 
 difficult to extirpate. (Nat. from Eu.) 
 
 H. maculatum, Walt. Simple below, more or less branched above, conspicuously dotted 
 all over : loaves oblong- to lan<-e-ovate, or even cordate-ovate, obtuse or acute, more or less 
 clasping, sometimes tapering at base, 1 to 3 inches long, 4 to 9 lines broad : flowers smaller, 
 3 to 6 lines broad or even less, usually crowded : sepals lanceolate to ovate, acute : petals 
 pale yellow, with black lines as well as dots : capsule conical-ovate, 2 to 3 lines long, often 
 thickly covered with conspicuous amber-colored glands. — Car. 189 ; Michx. Fl. ii. 80 ; Torr. 
 & Gray, Fl.i. 161, 673 ; Coulter, Rot. Gaz. xi. 107. //. Vinjlnimm, Walt. 1. c, not L. //. 
 punrtafum, Lam. Diet. iv. 164; Chois. 1. c. 547; Keichenb. Ic. Bot. Exot. i. 61, t. 88. //. co- 
 rymbosum, Muhl. in Willd. Spec. iii. 1457 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 160; Gray, Man. ed. 5, 85. 
 H. micranthum, Chois. Prodr. Hyper. 44, t. 5; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 109. — From Canada 
 
Hypericum. H VI'KKICACK.K. 289 
 
 and Minnesota to Florida and Toxas. ExcoodinKly varinl-Ie in f..liiiKo and in lialiit. 
 Mountain forms arc Honictinies strirth- Hiniplc, wliilJ in thi; h<.utliwe«t foruiH m-.ur with 
 alinusi the same liranciiing iiahit iw in //. pir/omtuin. 
 
 H. graveolens, Hicki-kv. Simple or somewhat hnmrlied al.ove : IcavpH larRc, elliiitical 
 oMoiii;, ol)iuse, closely sessile or chLxiiinf,', 2 to a inches lon^. al>out an inch wide: flowers 
 usually an incii or more l.road, in f.-\v-ll..wered cymes: sepals lanc<-olat«-, very a<-ute : pctalit 
 very scantily black-ilotted, if at all : capsule somewhat IoIm-.j. ovate, :i t„ 5 JinoH lonp. — Am. 
 Jour. Sci. ser. 1, xlv. 174. (Jray, (ien. 111. i. -2X4, t. <Ji'. — .MuunUiins of S. W. Virgiui« aud 
 North Carolina. 
 
 ++ ++ Western species : plants 3 inches to 2 feet hifjh : ca|>sules 3-lolied. .1 to 4 linew long : 
 petals bright yellow, often tinged with i)urplc, with a few Idack ilots along the margin. 
 H. formosum, II HK. From running root.stocks, simjde or somewhat hranching. oftoii 
 with niinicroiis small l.ianchlets, i to 2 feet high, usually conspicuously hla<k-«!otted along 
 margins of leaves, .sepals, and i)etals, an<l ujM.n anthers : h-aves ovate.<d.long, obtuse, more «ir 
 less cla.sping, about an inch long and half inch or more broad, tho.se of the branchhts much 
 smaller and often tapering at iiase : flowers i to 1 inch broad, in loose corymbs: wpals hui- 
 eeolate to ovate, obtuse or acute. — Nov. (ien. & Spec. v. I'JG. //. Srouhri, H<Kik. Fl. Hor.- 
 
 Am. i. Ill ; Torr. & (Jray, Fl. i. 160. H. formosum, var. Srouleri, Coulter, I. c. 108. 
 
 Throughout the whole mountain region of we.stern North America. The separation of a 
 northern form, //. Sanileri. from the Mexican Il./ortnosum seems to be entirdv untenable. 
 Certain forms of the Pacific and Great Hasin regir)ns, with narrow leaves tajtering at baM«, 
 a])]iroacli tlio following species, which may be but a variety. 
 H. COncinnum, Ukxth. Somewhat shrubl)y and branching at ba.«e. 3 to 1« iudus high, 
 black-doltetl as in the last, but often .scantily .so, very leafy : leaves thickisii. linear to "blung, 
 usually not clasping, commonly ftdded, A to 1 inch long or more, 1 to 4 lines bnad, acute; 
 flowers over 1 inch broad, few, in ratiier dose clusters at summit of stem : .«epals ovate, 
 mucronate-acute or very acuminate, longer than the capsule. — I'l. Hartw. .'KX); Mrew. & 
 Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 81. //. hrnrlnilum, Kellogg, I'roc. Calif. Acad. Sci. i. G."). — Apparently 
 restricted to the drier mountain regions of Central California. While the lower and more 
 shrubby habit, and the narrower and acute not clasping leaves usually di>tinguish thiss|K'cie« 
 easily from the la.st, there are forms with the leaves narrow and acute, but nmre or lexs 
 clasping, which are still dearly //. coucinnum, although uot s<j eiusily distinguished. 
 * * Stamens 5 to 20, mostly in 3 clusters : styles 3 (sometimes 2), short, ilistinct ; stigma.i 
 capitate : cap.sules ovate to conical, one-celled : small and slender annuals, with very small 
 flowers, and petals shorter than the sei)als. 
 
 H— Procumbent or a.scending, or forming dense mats, diffusely iiranching: leaves rather 
 broad, obtuse, clasping: capsule a line or two long. 
 
 TT . anagalloid.es, Cham. &Sciili;<ht. often forming dense mats: stems an inch to a 
 foot long: leaves oblong to broadly ovate, or even orbicular, very obtuse, 5- or T-nerved at 
 base, 2 to 6 lines long and almost as broad : Howers 3 to 4 lines bniad, in few-flowered naked 
 or leafy cymes : stamens 1.") to 20 : .sei>als foliaceous, unei|ual, lanceolate to broadly ovato, 
 longer than the ovate capsules. — Linna-a, iii. 127 ; Torr. & (Jray, Fl. i. 167. 674. '11. mu- 
 tiliim, Wats. Bot. King Kxp. 46. — Wet grounds, from Lower California to Brit. Columbia, 
 and extending eastward into Montana. The Pacific representative of the next s|M'cie.««. which 
 it approaches too nearly in certain forms. Bi>th are very closely allied t»> the Asiatic //. 
 Jnpnnirum, Thunb., and all three may con.stitute but one specific type. An erect form from 
 a decumbent base, with leaves ei|ualling or exceeding the internodes. and a terminal cyme 
 on a short naked peduncle, has been .set ajiart by Profe,s.sor K. L. (Jreene a.s var. Sfvodrntt 
 (Fl. Francis. 11.'!). 
 
 H. mutilum, L. Like the la,st. but more erect and .liffns. ly branching'. 3 inches to 2 feot 
 high : leaves (.blong or ov.ite, or even orbicular. \ to 1 inch long. 2 to 4 lines l.roail. Snerve*! 
 at base: Howers in very l.K)se leafy cymes: stamens 6 to 12: sepals linear to lanceolate. 
 usually .shorter than the oblong or ovate ca])snle. — Spec. ii. 7S7 ; Torr. & Cray. Fl. i. Ifi4 
 //. ijitinquntrrnum, Walt. Car. 190; Chois. in DC. Pn»dr. i. .'i.'tO; H<v.k. Fl. Iior.-.\m i lio. 
 
 , H. parviflorum, Willd. Spec. iii. 14.56; Pursh, Fl. ii. 377. //. slrll,ir,oi,if», HBK. Nor 
 
 10 
 
290 HYPERICACE.E. Ilypcrkum. 
 
 Gen. & Spec. v. 196. H. boreale, etc., Biekuell, Bull. Torr. Club, xxii. 21.3, in part. — Can- 
 ada and Minnesota to Florida and Texas. (Adj. Mex.) In some cases the cymes become 
 almost or even entirely naked, and siuli jilants are a])t to be confused with tiie next species. 
 However, the widely spreading iuHurcscent'e, or at least the oblong or ovate capsule, 
 will serve to separate them from //. gymnnuthnm with its strict cymes and ovate-conical 
 capsules. Certain forms tliroughout the (iulf States, from Florida to Texas and Mexico, 
 with open cymes inclined to be naked and unusually large foliaceous sepals, may represent 
 a worthy variety. 
 -»— -»— Almost .'dimple, with strict stems and branches : flowers in naked cymes : sepals linear 
 
 to linear-lanceolate, acuminate. 
 H. gymnanthum, Exgei.m. & Gray. One to three feet high : leaves cordate-ovate, clasp- 
 ing, often (pilte distant, ^ inch or more long, 5- or 7-uerved and 3 to 5 lines wide at base, 
 tapering to an acute or obtuse apex : flowers in strict mostly few-flowered elongated cymes: 
 stamens 10 to 12 : sepals 1 to 2 lines long, about equalling the ovate-conical capsule. — PI. 
 Lindh. pt. 1, 4 ; Walp. Ann. ii. 188. H. mutilum, var. gymnanthum, Gray, Man. ed. 5, 86. — 
 From Delaware and adjacent Pennsylvania to Southern Illinois, Arkansas, Louisiana, and 
 Eastern Texas. Ascherson and Uechtritz refer this species to H. Japonicum, Thunb., but it 
 seems to be very distinct. If the Asiatic species occurs in our flora at all, it is under the 
 name //. anncjalloides. 
 H. Canadense, L. From an inch or two to a foot or more high : leaves linear to linear- 
 laiKOdliirc, mostly tapering to the sessile 3-nerved base, ^ to 1 inch long or more, 1 to 2 lines 
 wide : flowers in rather loose cymes : stamens .5 to 10 : capsule very acutely conical, 2 to 3 
 lines long, longer or shorter than the sepals. — Spec. ii. 785 ; Torr. Fl. N. Y. i. 89 ; Torr. & 
 Gray, Fl. i. 165. H. thesii/oliiim, paucijlorum, & Moranense, HBK. Nov. Gen. & Spec. 
 V. 192, 193. H. Canadense, var. minimum, Chois. in DC. Prodr. i. 550. — Wet sandy soil, 
 from Canada to Georgia, and westwai-d to Nebraska, Dakota, and the Winnipeg Valley, and 
 doubtless extending to the Pacific; also in Texas. (Mex.) Exceedingly variable in size, 
 but usually distinguishable by its slender habit, and narrow and often reduced leaves, 
 which mostly taper at base. In certain situations all the forms develop reduced rounded 
 and more crowded leaves below. It seems impossible to distinguish clearly the varieties 
 ordinarily recognized, but disregarding intergrading forms two extreme variations may be 
 defined as follows : 
 
 Var, majus, Gr.\t. Stems much stouter and usually much taller : leaves larger, 1 to 
 2 inches long, 4 to 6 lines broad, lanceolate, 5- or "-nerved at base, more or less clasping, 
 often very acute : flowers in larger more crowded cymes : sepals long-pointed : capsules 
 larger. — Man. ed. 5, 86. //. majus, Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, v. 225. — Ranges with the 
 species ; also in Washington, Piper. In certain regions it seems worthy of specific rank, but 
 in large series of specimens the intergradation is complete. 
 
 Var. boreale, Britton. Dwarf, 1 to 3 inches high, simple and few-flowered : leaves 
 oblong, obtuse, 4 to 5 lines long, 1 to 2 lines broad, the lower ones smaller and more crowded, 
 oval or orbicular. — Bull. Torr. Club, xviii. 365. H. Canadense, var. minimum. Coulter, 
 Bot Gaz. xi. 110, and mo.st American authors, not Chois. H. boreale, & H. mutilum, var. 
 boreale, Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Club, xxii. 213, in part. — Throughout Canada and the North- 
 west Territory, and extending into the United States about Lake Superior; also on wet 
 grounds in the Dells of the Wisconsin, Lapham. 
 
 ■t— -(— -I— Bushy-branching, with rigid erect black-dotted stems and branches : leaves very 
 slender and rigid or minute, erect or appressed : flowers scattered along the upper part of 
 leafy branches. 
 
 H. Drummondii, Torr. & Gray. Stems and alternate branches rather stout, 10 to 30 
 inches high : leaves linear-subulate, erect, \ to 1 inch long, one-nerved; flowers pedicellate: 
 stamens 10 to 20 : capsule ovate, about 2 lines long, not longer than the sepals ; seeds large, 
 oval, strongly ribbed and transversely lacunose. — Fl. i. 165. Sarothra Drummondii, Grev. 
 & Hook. Hot. Misc. iii. 236, t. 107. — In dry soil, from Georgia and Florida to Texas, and 
 extending northwest through the states of the .Mississippi Basin into Illinois. 
 
 H. nudicaule, Wai.t. Stem and opposite branches filiform and wiry, 4 to 20 inches high, 
 with the awl-shaped leaves so minute and appres.sed as to appear naked : flowers very small, 
 
Ilf/pericum. TERNSTIKKMIACK.K. 'JUl 
 
 mostly sessile: stamens 5 to 10: capsule very acutely conical, 1 to 3 lint-H long, mudi longer 
 than tiie sepals ; seeds very niurii snuilltr tlian in tiie hwt, otiloug. iiiinuu-ly »triuic an<l 
 pitted. — Car. 190. //. selosuin, L. Spt-c. ii. 787, as t<i I'hik. syn. //. Saroihm, Michx. Kl. 
 ii. 79; Turr. & Gray, Fl. i. 1G5; (Jray, (Jen. 111. i. aU, t. 93. '&. Man. ed. 5, 86. //. >/rni„i- 
 7widf's, Britt. Sterns & Poggenl). I'rel. Cat. N. V. 9. S<in,thrn ij,ntinwn,U%, L. Sjiec. i •il'i. 
 S. hfipericoides, Nutt. Gen. i. 204 ; Barton, Fl. N. A. iii. 59, t. 92. — Dry Kindy noil, Canada 
 to Florida, and west to Illinois, Arkansiu*, and Texas. 
 
 § 3. Elodea, Spacli (:is genus). Sepals and petals 5, the latter «l««i(luou«, 
 
 imbricate in aestivation: stamens 9 (rarely more), strongly tri:iil«-lpliouH, three 
 
 large orange-colored glands alternating with the phalanges : styles 3, dinlinct ; 
 
 stigmas not capitate : capsule elongated-oblong, 3-celled : perennial herbs, in 
 
 marshes or shallow water, with small close clusters of tleslM-olun-d Howers in the 
 
 axils of the leaves at the summit of the stem. — Hist. Veg. v. 3(>3. 
 
 H.Virginicum, L. Mostly simple, 1 to 2 feet high : leaves oldongto ovate, very ohtnn* or 
 
 eiiiargiiiate, clasping hy a broad b:u*e, about 1 \ inches long and \ iucii broad, glamons U-neath 
 
 and black-dotted: axillary Hower-clusters at the ends of elongated brandies: sepals lance«)- 
 
 late to ovate: filaments united lielow tlie midtlle: capsule 4 to 5 lines long. — Syst. Nat. ed. 
 
 10, 1184, & Spec. ed. 2, ii. 1104; Chois. 1. c. 54G. //. camiMimlnlnm, Walt. Car. 191. //. 
 
 emarginatum, Lam. Diet. iv. 154. Elodea Virglnlca, Nutt. Gen. ii. 17 ; Torr. & CJray. Fl. i. 
 
 167 ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 216, t. 94. E. mmpnmilnta, Pursh, Fl. ii. 379; Coulter, Bot. Gaz. xi. 
 
 111. Elodes Viryiiiira, (iray, Man. ed. 5, 86. E. cunifxinulala, Wats. & Coulter in (Jray, 
 
 Man. ed. 6, g.'i. — Apiiarently througliout the Britisli possessions, ami extending s.iulh- 
 
 ward in the Atlantic region to i'lorida and Louisiana, and in tiie interior to Minnesota. 
 
 (L. Asia.) 
 
 H. petiolatum, Walt. Re.sembling the last, but usually taller and more branching: 
 
 leaves 2 to 5 inches long, i to 1 inch broad, tapering to a se.<sile base or jMti.ded. not sn 
 
 glaucous or black-dotted beneath : axillary flower-clusters alnu)st sessile : tiiamc-nts united 
 
 about to the middle. —Car. 191. //. uxilUire, Michx. Fl. ii. 81. //. puludosum, Chois 1. c. 
 
 546. ?//. tulmlo.fitm, Walt. Car. 191; Chois. I.e. Elodea petiolala, Pursh. Fl. i. 379; 
 
 Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 168. ?^. tuhidom, Pursii, 1. c. ; Nutt. 1. c. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 168. 
 
 .EWes /)e^/o/rt/rt, Gray, Man. ed. 5, 86. — From Virginia to Florid^ Louisiana, Arkans;is, 
 
 and Tennessee. 
 
 Ori>er Guttifer^. Clusia flava, L., was in the collection made on Key 
 West, many years ago, by Blodgett, probably a chance tree : not since met with. 
 
 Order XXIV. TERNSTRCEMIACE^E. 
 
 By A. Gray. 
 
 Showy shrubs or trees (American and E. Asiatic) ; with alternate and simple 
 pinnately veined leaves; no stipules; the flowers hypogynous, hermaphnHlite, 
 polyandrous and otherwise mostly 5-merous throughout ; with imbricatr.l .sepals 
 and petals. Stamens monadelphous or pentadelphous at base, where the short 
 tube or ring or the phalanges are connate with base of petals ; anthers 2-<-elle«l 
 and opening lengthwise. Fruit capsular, commonly wo^xly, the cells few-seeile<l ; 
 seeds with a large embryo and little or no albumen. —Contains the Cinifllia, 
 Tea-Plant, and the two following genera, of the Tribe Gordonieir. 
 1 STUARTIA. Calvx 1-2-bracteolate, of 5 or 6 ovate or narrower w|ali«. PetaN an 
 
 many, rounded obovate. erose-creuulate. united at base by union with the luonadelphon* 
 
292 TERNSTRCEMIACE^. Stuartia. 
 
 ring of the filaments. Ovules a pair in each of the 5 cells, ascending, anatropous. Capsule 
 loculicidallv 5-valved ; seeds lenticular, with crustaceous coat ; embryo straight, with oval 
 plane cotvledous and slender caulicle, nearly the length of the albumen. 
 2. GORDONIA. Calyx imbricately 3-4-bracteolate, of 5 rounded coriaceous and concave 
 canescent sepals. Petals 5, silky-tomeutulose exterually. Stamens 5-adelphous. Style 
 columnar; stigma 5-lobed ; ovules 4 to 8 in each cell, anatropous, resupinate-pendulous. 
 Seeds winged or wingless, destitute of albumen; embryo straightish, oblicjue, with the 
 broad and thin cotyledons somewhat undulate-plicate, much longer than the caulicle. 
 
 1 . STUARTI A (at first written Stewartia), L. (John Stuart, Marquis of 
 Bute, statesman and botanist.) — Showy-flowered shrubs (two of E. United States 
 and one or two peculiar ones in Japan), more or less pubescent with soft and sim- 
 ple hairs ; with oval and petiolate barely serrulate deciduous leaves, and short- 
 peduncled or subsessile mostly solitary axillary or subterminal flowers. Petals 
 white or cream-color. — Act. Ups. 1741, 79, t. 2 (Catesb. Car. ii. App. 113, t. 13), 
 & Gen. ed. 4, no. 1025 ; L'Her. Stirp. Nov. vi. 153, t. 73, 74 (with correct orthog- 
 raphy and the two species); Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 223; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 97, 
 t. 138, 139. Malachodendron, Mitchell, Act. Phys.-Med. Acad. Nat. Cur. viii. 
 App. 216. Steivartia & Malachodendron, Cav. Diss. v. 302, 303 ; Juss. Gen. 292, 
 275 ; Lam. 111. iii. t. 593 ; DC. Prodr. i. 528. 
 
 § 1. StuIrtia proper. Styles wholly combined and a 5-crenulate stigma: 
 sepals and petals only 5 : capsule very woody, globular ; seeds marginless, 
 smooth and shining. — Gray, 1. c. 99. 
 
 S.* Malachodendron, L.i Shrub 6 to 12 feet high: leaves soft-pubescent beneath, as 
 also the rounded sepals : petals inch or two long: stamens purple. — Spec. ii. 698 {Malaco- 
 dendron) ; Marsh. Arbust. 149; L'Her. 1. c. t. 73; Walt. Car. 176; Audubon, Birds Amer. 
 t. 17 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 224. S. Virginica, Cav. Diss. v. 303, t. 159 ; Michx. Fl. ii.43 ; DC. 
 Prodr. i. .528; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 99, t. 138 ; Garden, xxxiv. 280, with fig. S. Marilmidica, 
 Donn, Cat. Hort. Cantab, ed. 3, ace. to Andr. Bot. Rep. vi. t. 397. S. nabilis, Salisb. Prodr. 
 Stirp. 386. — Woods in the low and middle country, Florida and Louisiana to N. Virginia 
 and W. Arkansas ; fl. spring. 
 
 § 2. Malachodendron, Gray, 1. c. Styles distinct, slender ; stigmas in- 
 trorse-subcapitate : petals often 6 : capsule ovate-pyramidal and pointed, less 
 woody ; seeds dull, wing-margined. — Malachodendron, Cav. 1. c. 302. 
 
 S. pentagyna, L'Her. Pubescence of longer and sparser more deciduous hairs, and 
 leaves larger than in the preceding (5 or 6 inches long): sepals acute: stamens pale. — 
 Stirp. Nov. vi. 155, t. 74; Nouv. Duham. i. 15, t. 6; Smith, Exot. Bot. ii. t. 110; Torr. & 
 Gray, 1. c. ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3918; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 100, t. 139.2 $. montana, Bartr. 
 Trav. 334. Malachodendron ovatum, Cav. Diss. t. 158, f. 2; Michx. 1. c. ; Lam. 1. c. ; Liiull. 
 Bot. Reg. t. 1104. M. pentar/i/nmn, Chois. Me'm. Terust. 49. CavaniUa florida, Salisb. 
 Prodr. Stirp. 385. — Woods, mountains of Carolina, Georgia, and adjacent Tennessee and 
 Kentucky ; fl. early summer. 
 
 2. GORDONIA, Ellis. Loblolly Bay. (Dr. Garden, who sent the origi- 
 nal species to Ellis, desired the genus to be named in honor of Dr. James Gordon 
 of Aberdeen, his preceptor, but Ellis, in correspondence with LinniT^us, substi- 
 tuted /ames Gordon, a well known London nurseryman of that day.) — Shrubs or 
 
 1 This name has been altered from S. Virginica on grounds of priority. The coincidence of the 
 specific name with that of the subsequently applied sectional name Malachodendron is unfortunate, but 
 scarcely forms a valid reason for discarding the former. 
 
 2 Add Sargent, Gard. & For. i. 415. 
 
Gordonia. CIIKI KANTIIOI )i:xi )|;k.E. 
 
 203 
 
 small trees (of E. United States and Asia), with mostly coriaceous leaves, nak.-.j 
 leaf-buds, showy axillary or subtcrniiiKii Mowers, and white petals.— Phil.' ']>:,„«. 
 Ix. 520, t. 11 ; (Catesb. Car. i. t. \\) ■ L. Maut. ii. 5oG ; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 101 
 t. 140-142.1 
 
 § 1. GoKDUMA proper. Filaments short, on the snnnuil an.l inner surface 
 of live thickened disk-like lobes wiiicli are confluent at base into a cup or rini;: 
 petals well united at base: ca[)sule pointed with the base of the short style; 
 valves entire; seeds 4 or by abortion 2 in eacii cell, pendulous from its inner 
 
 angle toward the base, membranaceous-winged upward. (irav, 1. c. 
 
 G. Lasianthus, Ellis, 1. c. 523. (LoHLOLLY Bav.) Tree 60 to 80 feet h\p,\\, or ar»K>. 
 restciit sliiiih : leaves subsessile, lanceolate to ohloiig with tajK-ring Inmo, firm-coriiucoiM, 
 callims-seiTulate, sliiiuiig, 4 to 6 iiuhes Ion-;, tlu; veins inionspiciious : flowers ratlur Inn^- 
 pedunded: petals c-oncave, often 2 inches lonj,': capsule ovoid, canescent. — L .Mant ii 
 570; Cav. Diss. vi. 307, t. IGI ; Sims, Hot. Mag. t. 6G8 ; Lam. 111. iii. t. 504 ; Nouv. DuhauL 
 ii. t. 68; Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. iii. 131, t. 1 (L<is,/anlhus) ; Audubou, Birds Ain.r. t. 
 168 ; Gray, 1. c.-^ G. i>>/rami(lalis, Salisb. 1. c. 386. I/i/pericum Lusianthm, h. .Spec. ii. 7S3. 
 — Swamps, uear the coast, Virgiuia to Florida and Mississippi ; fl. earlv summer. 
 
 § 2. Franklinia, Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 223. Filaments elongated, in ."> 
 distinct clusters, each directly adnate to the base of one of the nearly distinct 
 petals: style slender, deciduous ; ovules 6 or 8 in each cell, downwardlv iml)ri- 
 cated: capsule globular, obtuse, loculicidally 5-valved from apex to below the 
 middle, and then septicidally from base upward ; seeds closely packetl on tlie 
 salient axile placenta?, angled by mutual pressure, wingless or nearly so ; end»rvo 
 unknown : leaves deciduous. — Gray, 1. c. 
 
 G-. pubescens, L'Her. Tree or tall shrub: leaves submeml)ranaoeous and veiny, obovate- 
 sp,atulate, serrulate, canescently puberulent beneath, tajjcring at base, 8hort-j)etioled, 5 to 10 
 inches long : flowers sul)sessile, a.s large as of preceding anil more o]ien. — Stirp. Nov. vi. 
 156; Lam. Diet. ii. 770; Cav. Diss. vi. 308, t. 162; Vent. Malm. t. 1 ; Michx. f. Hist. Arb. 
 Am. iii. 135, t. 2; Audubon, Birds Amer. t. 185; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 223; Gray, Gen. 111. 
 t. 142, & 141 in part.' G. FrankUni, L'Her. 1. c.* Franklinia AlUimaha, ALirsh. Arbust. 
 49; Bartr. Trav. 16, 467. Michauxia sessilis, Salisb. 1. c. 386. Lnratfien rlonda.SixWah. 
 Parad. Lond. t. 56. — Near Fort Barrington on the Altamalia River, coll. Bnrtram, but not 
 since found : now known onlv in cultivation ; fl. summer. 
 
 Order XXV. CHEIRANTIIODENDRE.E. 
 
 By a. Gray. 
 
 Trees or shrubs, with rusty furfuraceous-tomentulose stellular pubesccn<-o, 
 alternate palmately lobed leaves, small caducous stipules, and hermaphrodito 
 terminal flowers simply pentamerous throughout, but apetalous. ("aly.\ deeply 
 5-parted, colored but persistent, strongly quincuncial-imbricated, within more or 
 less nectariferous-pitted at base, subtended by 3 caducous or deciduous bracllela. 
 
 i Add svn. Lasifinthiif, .Adnns. Fani. ii. 398. 
 
 2 Add S"arfrent, Silv. i. 41, t. 21. 
 
 8 A.ld Siuafrue & Goodale, Wild FIowor<". 194, t. 47. 
 
 4 Add syn. G. Altamalia, Sargent, Gard. & For. ii. GIG, & Silv. i. 45, t. 22. 
 
294 CHEIRANTHODEXDREiE. Fremonlia. 
 
 Stamens 5, alternate with the sepals and monadelphous ; anthers adnate-extrorse, 
 2-celled, the cells parallel and more or less elongated, opening lengthwise. 
 Ovary o-celled (rarely and casually 4-celled), with numerous horizontal anatropous 
 ovules in the axis ; a single filiform style terminated by a minute undivided 
 stigma. Capsule hispid, loculicidally o-valved ; seeds rather large, oval or 
 obovoid, with crustaceous naked testa, and a straight embryo nearly the length 
 of the fleshy albumen ; the cotyledons broadly oval and foliaceous, plane except 
 some incurving of the margins ; radicle short. Pollen-grains smooth, somewhat 
 trigonous, delicately reticulated. — Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 203. — Consists 
 of the Mexican Hand-tree ( Cheiranthodendron, Larreat., Gheirostemon, Humb. & 
 Bonpl.) and the following. 
 
 1. FREMONTIA, Torr. (The discoverer, Gen. John Charles Fremont, 
 distinguished Western explorer.) — Bractlets (3, sometimes 5 ?) minute, caducous. 
 Sepals plane and thin (not carinate), roundish, rotately spreading in anthesis. 
 Stamens regular ; filaments at base obscurely adnate to the bottom of the calyx, 
 monadelphous to or above the middle ; anthers elongated-oblong, emarginate at 
 both ends, adnate to a small and narrow inconspicuous connective ; the cells 
 reniform-incurved and at length contorted or flexuous, obscurely camerate and 
 sausage-like. Capsule ovoid, firm-coriaceous ; seeds smooth and not appen- 
 daged. — PI. Frem. in Smiths. Contrib. vi. 5, t. 2, not of Emory Rep. ; Hook. f. 
 Bot. Mag. t. 5591; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 212, 982; Masters, Gard. Chron. 
 1869, 610, & Seem. Jour. Bot. vii. 298; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 88; Gray, 
 1. c. 304.1 
 
 F. Californica, Torr. 1. c. 6. Branching shrub or arborescent, 4 to 20 feet high, with 
 hard wood and dark-colored bark : leaves subcoriaceous, round-cordate to round-ovate, 
 moderately 3-5-lobed or -cleft, tawny-cauescent or ferruginous beneath, the larger 2 inches 
 wide : flowers short-peduncled on very short lateral branches : calyx nearly glabrous, 
 accrescent, thin, wholly light yellow in anthesis, becoming 2 or 3 inches in diameter, mar- 
 cescent in age, within hairy at base and with a small nectariferous pit : capsule inch long, 
 hispid with short pungent hairs ; the cells villous within. — Cheiranthodendron Culifornlcum, 
 Baill. Hist. PI. iv. 70, but genera quite distinct.2 — California, on dry hills, chiefly of the 
 lower western slopes of the Sierra Nevada, from Hunt's Val., Lake Co., Bolander, south- 
 ward ; fl. spring ; first coll. by Fremont. 
 
 Order XXVI. MALVACEAE. 
 
 By a. Gray; the genera Anoda, Wlssadula, Malachra, and Clenfuegosia revised 
 by B. L. Robinson. 
 
 Herbs or soft-wooded shrubs or even trees, with bland mucilaginous juice, 
 tough fibrous inner bark, alternate and mostly palmiveined stipulate leaves and 
 usually stellate or fasciculated pubescence. Flowers usually hermaphrodite, 
 polyandrous and monadelphous, with calyx valvate and corolla convolute in the 
 
 1 Add Garden, xxix. 8, t. 525, xxxiii. 562, 566 ; Sargent, Silv. i. 47, t. 23. 
 
 2 Add syn. Fremontodendron Cnlifornicum, Coville, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. iv. 74. 
 
MAF.VACK.K. 295 
 
 bud, both 5-merous, the petals united at very base and aduaU; to tube of filanieutJ* 
 (column). Anthers reuiionn and 1-eelled, dehiscent rountl the convex bide; 
 pollen-graius hispidulous. Gyua'cium oligo-polynierous ; seeds anij)ijitroiM»u», 
 with little albumen or none; embryo incurved, and broad foliaceous cotyhflonH 
 variously plicate or contortuplicate. Peduncles axillary ; pedicels often articu- 
 lated with the peduncle or under the calyx. Calyx persistent, often subtend.-d 
 by an iuvolucel like an accessory calyx, sometimes calhd an epicuhjx. — A readilv 
 distinguished and well defined order. The tropical suborder JJumbaceee consists 
 of trees. 
 
 Tkibe I. MALOPE.E, with indefinitely ninuerous l-scecK-d carpels conppsted witK- 
 out order or in a 5-lobed liead, has no N. American rt'i)resentativ<'s. Malope tntila- 
 coides, L., a European annual, sometimes cultivated in gardens, is in \Vah<r's 
 Flora, probably by mistake; and Elliott's plant, from his own account and 
 opinion, was a mallow. Kitaibelia, of Hungary, is in gardens. 
 
 Tribe II. MALVE^E. Carjjels as many as the style-branches and stigmas, 
 crowded or combined in a single .series around a central axis from which tln-y 
 commonly separate at maturity, 1-few-ovulate. Stamineal column antlu-rift-rous 
 at the summit. 
 
 Subtribe I. Eumalve.e. Style-branches filiform, longitudinally stigmatose ante- 
 riorly. Carpels numerous or rarely few, mostly reniforni and indehi.scent, contain- 
 ing a solitary peritropous-ascending ovule and reniforni seed. 
 
 * Stamens simply inonadelphous : flowers (hermaphrodite) involuciUate undfT the c.ilvx 
 by three or more bractlets, except in some species of VaUirhoe. 
 
 1 . MALVA. Involiuel of 3 or rarely 2 distinct small hractlets. Calyx 5-cloft. Petals oln-iir- 
 diito or deeply emargiiiate. Mature carpels rouud-reiiiform, beaklcs.-*, much comiiro!«»e<l, 
 cohering in a depressed circle around the axis (wiiich is not expanded or enlarged at tojt), 
 at length separating from it and from each other. Herbs, of the Old World. 
 
 2. ALTH^A. Involucel of several (6 to 9 or more) bractlets more or less gamopliyllous 
 at base. Flowers and fruit of Mulva. 
 
 3. LAVATERA § Savixiona. Involucel of 3 more or less gamophyllous bractlets. Pet.ils 
 reflexed after anthesis. emarginate or truncate, unguiculate. Stamineal column clonj^atcd. 
 Axis of fruit with more or less conical top. Carpels l)eakless. Slirubby. Flower->t;ilks 
 articulated above the middle. 
 
 4. CALLIRHOE. Involucel l-3-j)liyllous or wanting. I'et.ils cuneiform or flalHlliform. 
 the bro.ad truncate .summit erose-denticulate. Mature carpels (10 to 20) straighti.>ih or little 
 incurved, compressed, more or less beaked or ajiiculate, the incurved slmrt lieak in tvpic.il 
 species with cavity separated from that containing the seed. IVrennials with thick and 
 farinaceous napiform or fusiform root, one or two species excepted. 
 
 * * Stamens more or less united into phalanges in a double . series : flowers hermaphr<Mliie 
 or by aliortion of stamens sometimes ditecio-polygamous, mostly without involucel. 
 
 5. SIDALCEA. Calyx .5-clcft or -parted. Petals commonly emarginate or tmnratc. 
 Stamineal column in the typical species distinctly double; the exterior serie.t distinctly 
 below the summit of the common .«ynema and of .'> distinct 4-10 antherifen^u.-* phalnnps ; 
 inner or terminal series of about 10 mostly 2 antheriferous phalanges, or irrei;»l.irly more 
 or less geminate stamens. Carpels .') to 9, reniforni, at maturity separating from n jK-rsi.-tcnt 
 axis, then more lacerate ventrally, rarely somewhat 2-valved. 
 
 * * * Stamens at summit of simple column, not in plialanges : flowers diuciou.'* : no 
 involucel. 
 
 6. NAP.£A. Calyx .short, not angul.ate, .Vlobed. Petals olK.vate, ontiro. The ^ flowrn* 
 with 1.5 to 20 stamens in a single series, and a mere rudiment of pintil ; the 9 flowers 
 
296 MALVACEAE. 
 
 with short column 1 5-20-toothed and no anthers or bare rudiments. Filiform style-branches 
 8 to 10. Carpels at maturity sej)aratiug from very small central axis, beakless, barely 
 apiculate, hardly at all reuiforni, cliartaceo-coriaceous, smooth, closed, or at length opening 
 ventrally or even 2-valved ; seed reniform. 
 
 Subtribe II. Side^. (Sklece kAbutilece, Gray, Gen. 1\\. i'l. -^7.) Style-branches ter- 
 minated by a capitate or truncate stigma. Carpels 1-few-ovulate. 
 
 * Seeds 1 to 3 in each carpel, reniform, at least the lower from an ascending ovule and the 
 radicle inferior : calyx usually more or less involucellate-bracteolate. 
 
 7. MALVASTRUM. Ovule and seed solitary, conformed to the rounded cavity of the 
 carpel. 
 
 8. SPHERAL CE A. Ovules 1 to 3 and seeds 1 or 2 sometimes 3 in each carpel, the cell 
 of which is more or less extended and empty above, usually rugose-reticulated below. 
 
 9. MODIOLA. Ovules and seeds 2, one in each compartment of the transversely septate 
 carpel ; radicle in both seeds inferior or descending. Stamens only 10 to 20, all at very 
 apex of the column, when only 10 indistinctly collected in five 2-antheriferous plialanges, 
 the additional stamens when present singly interposed. 
 
 * * Seeds solitary or few in each carpel, at least the lower one resupinate-pendulous, 
 turgid, usually obscurely and obtusely trigonous or cordiform ; the radicle in pendulous 
 seeds superior or ascending : no involucel under the calyx or (in one section of Sida) this 
 represented by 1 to 3 setaceous deciduous bractlets : carpels tardily if at all deciduous at 
 maturity, not rarely hanging for some time by a tliread or dorsal partly detached nerve. 
 
 •1— Carpels 3-ovuled, 1-2-seeded ; lower part in fruit strongly reticulate, upper scarious, in 
 the manner common in Spkceralcea. 
 
 10. HORSFORDIA. Upper pair of ovules abortive, or all three fertile. Carpels 8 to 12, 
 disjoined at maturity, early 2-valved above, converting the upper and usually empty scarious 
 portion into a pair of erect and somewhat spreading wings, which equal or exceed the firm 
 reticulated basal portion. Shrubs. 
 
 -1— -1— Carpels 1-ovuled, the cell usually filled by the seed. 
 
 1 1. ANODA. Ovule and seed resupinate-horizontal or in some pendulous. Carpels 5 to 20, 
 mostly radiate-divergent in a depressed capsule which breaks up at maturity, the partitions 
 or sides of the carpels evanescent or obliterated, tiie firmer dorsal and superior portion 
 (commonly bearing a divergent cusp) partly embracing the (naked or arilliform-coated) 
 turgid seed. Calyx usually explanate under the fruit. 
 
 1 2. SIDA. Ovule and seed pendulous. Carpels with enduring walls, not divergent, either 
 pointless or with single or geminate erect or incumbent cusps or awns. 
 
 -)— -1— -I— Carpels 2-9-ovuled, 1-9-seeded; their summits or cusps (if any) usually di- 
 vergent. 
 
 13. WISSADULA. Carpels 5, transversely and imperfectly bilocellate or constricted in 
 the middle ; upper and divergent portion 2-valved, containing one or two ascending or 
 horizontal seeds (rarely seedless) ; lower subclavate, mostly with a single pendulous seed. 
 
 14. ABUTILON. Carpels 5 to 30, homomorphous and continuous, 3-9-ovuled, tardily if at 
 all separating, apically and dorsally dehiscent or at length 2-valved. 
 
 Tribe III. U RENEGE. Carpels or cells of the ovary 5, half as many as the style- 
 branches and capitate stigmas, opposite the petals, uniovulate. Stamineal column 
 antheriferous along the upper part, but not at the truncate or 5-toothed summit. 
 Seeds ascending ; radicle superior. 
 
 * Carpels dry, akene-like, separating at maturity, with or without a narrow axis. 
 
 15. MALACHRA. Flowers several and sessile in a capitate or glomerate leafy-involucrate 
 cluster. Calyx not involucellate, 5-cleft, the lobes 3-nerved. Stamineal column short, bear- 
 ing about 20 stamens near its naked apex. Mature carpels obovoid and ventrally angulate, 
 pointless and naked, somewhat dehiscent ventrally. 
 
■^'^"a- MALVACK.K. 297 
 
 16. URENA. Flowers often glomerate l.ut not iuvolucrate.earli iuvolurollatc l.y a wliorl of 
 5 partly unitt-d hractlets, connate with lia»e of calyx. t>tanaueal column hlicrt. Maturv 
 carpel.-i indeliisceut, glocliiiiiate over the entire surface. 
 
 17. PAVONIA. Flowers |..dunculate. Calyx iuvolucellate hy a whorl of 3 to 15 uarmw 
 bractlut.s. Stamiueal column either rather short or elongated! CariHils (in <.un* indehin- 
 cent) rounded, either muticou.s and unarmed or 1-3-awned, these awns or sjiines itonictimea 
 retrorsely barbed or glochidiate. 
 
 * * Carpels combined into a globular drupaceous berry, in age the nutlets becoming dry 
 and separating. 
 
 18. MALVAVISCUS. Calyx invohuellate with 7 to 12 narn.w bractlets. IVuls unequal- 
 sidi'd, St ruiiirly convolute, and witii a lateral lobelet or auricle l>el..w, whicii holds them erect 
 in anthesis. Stamineal column long and slender, exserte<l, sparsely antheriferous. 
 
 Tribk IV. HIBISCE^E. Carpels or cells of the ovary (3 to Kt) of the same iiuiul»er 
 as the style-branches and stigmas. Fruit a loculicidalcapsuie ; cells opposit*? tli.« 
 sepals when of the same number; no central colunni. .Stamineal column antln-rif- 
 erous along the upper part, but not at the truncate or 5-toothed .summit. Stigma.s 
 capitate orcapitellate. 
 
 * Style-branches distinct ami spreading: seeds mostly reniform. 
 
 19. KOSTELETZKYA. Bractlets of the involucel several or .sometimes* nearly wanting. 
 Ovary o-celled, a solitary ascending ovule in each cell. Capsule depressed, saliently 5-angled. 
 
 20. HIBISCUS. Bractlets of the involucel several, sometimes few or almost wanting. 
 Ovary ami capsule S-celled; the cells (rarely 2-locellate by a false partition) 2-many-ovuled, 
 few - many -seeded. 
 
 * * Style undivided, bearing 3 to 5 se.ssile stigmas at the mostly tliickened summit : seeds 
 not reniform; cotyledons much conduplicate and crumpled. 
 
 21. THESPESIA. Involucel of 3 to 5 small and narrow commonly decidmtus bractlets. 
 Calyx truncate or tardily .5-lobed. Capsule nearly iudehiscent, woody<'oriaceou8, 5-celled, 
 
 few-seoded. Cordate-leaved trees. 
 
 22. CIENFUEGOSIA. Involucel of few or several small or narrow bractlets. or nearly 
 ob.soIete. Calyx deeply 5-cleft. Capsule loculicidal, of 3 or 4 or rarely 5 cells and valves, 
 few-seeded ; cotyledons not dark-dotted. Shrubby or sulTrutescent. 
 
 23. INGENHOUZIA. Involucel of 3 triangular-lanceolate entire herbaceous bractlets, 
 persistent. Calyx saucer-shaped, trimcate. Stigma obscurely 3-lobed. Capsule gloimlar, 
 coriaceous, 3-celled, 3-valved ; valves partly villous inside ; seeds 5 to 8 in each cell, tomeu- 
 tulose-puberulent and glabrate ; cotyledons dark-dotted. 
 
 24. GOSSYPIUM. Involucel of 3 ample and cordate laciniate or dentate foliaceous 
 br.ictlets distinct or united at ba.se, persistent. Calyx truncate or ."i-lolied. .Stigm.-is and 
 valves and cells of the capsule .'J, rarely fewer; seeds numerous, very long-woolly, rarely 
 naked ; cotyledons dark-dotted. 
 
 1. MALVA, Tourn. Mallow. (The ancient Latin name.) — Inst. 04, 
 in part; L. Gen. no. 557; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 2U7.' — Herbs. suninuT- 
 flowering, with rose-colored or white petiils. A genus of the 01<1 World. whi«-li, 
 now expurgated of heterogeneous elements (Gray, Gen. 111. ii. •<••. ll*, t. ll(>), 
 should the rather include the two following, these diflfering only in unessential 
 and varying particulars. 
 
 * Flowers only from upper axils, .surpa.ssing the subtontling leaves, forming a («onie« Iwt 
 racemose or paniculate inflorescence at the summit of stem and Iminches : pot.ils much 
 longer than calyx : .stems erect from a perennial r<M>t: radical leaves rordj%te-n>tund and 
 little lobed; cauline fleejily cleft or di.s.«ected : cscajn-d from cultivation. 
 
 I Add E. G. Hakor. .Tour. Hot. xxviii. 242. 
 
298 MALVACEAE. Malva. 
 
 M. moschAta, L. (Musk Mallow.) Pubescent with spreading mostly simple hairs : lower 
 (rarely all) leaves suborbicular, rather shallowly inciseii ; middle and upper cauline leaves 
 deepl}' 5-parted and the divisions palmately or piunately parted into linear lobes : carpels in 
 fruit rounded on the back, very hairy. — Spec. ii. 690.' — Waste-grounds and roadsides, 
 near dwellings occasionally. (Nat. from Eu.) In Maine called Musk Rose. 
 
 M. Alcea, L. Pubescence short and stellular : cauline leaves 5-])arted into oblong or broadly 
 linear and barely incised divisions : flowers larger : carpels glabrous. — Spec. ii. 689. — 
 Roadsides in a few places, E. New England and Michigan. (Nat. from Eu.) 
 
 * * Flowers fascicled in the axils of most of tiie leaves, surpassed by their long petioles : 
 leaves round-cordate or reniform and merely obtusely lobed : root annual or biennial. 
 
 -t- Flowers large and showy, 1 1 to 2 inches in diameter : bractlets rather broad, oblong or 
 ovate-lanceolate. 
 M. SYLVESTKis, L. 1. c. (HiGH Mallow.) Hairy: stem erect, a foot to a yard high, 
 leaves 5-7-lobed : flowers an inch or more in diameter, generally mauve- or reddish-purple : 
 carpels about 10, reticulate- rugose on the back and with angled edges, glabrous or short- 
 pubescent. — Roadsides, &c., escaped from cultivation in some places. (Nat. from Eu.) 
 
 ■h- -t— Flowers smaller: bractlets narrower, lanceolate to oblong-linear. 
 
 M.* verticillAta, L. 1. c. Erect subsimple or branching mostly snioothish annual with 
 large shallowly 5-7-lohed crenate leaves : flowers subsessile, puri)lish or nearly white : calyx 
 tending to close in fruit: carpels at maturity scarcely reticulated, the transverse ridges 
 starting at the edges not branched and not attaining the fine straight rarely obscure mid- 
 nerve. — A troublesome weed in gardens about Middlebury, Vt., Brainerd. (Adv. from 
 Asia, N. Afr.) 
 
 M.* CRfspA, L. (Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 1147), the Curled Mallow of the gardens, near 
 which it is sometimes spontaneous, a species of uncertain nativity, is perhaps, as originally con- 
 ceived by Linnaeus (Spec. ii. 689), merely a variety of the preceding, from which it differs 
 chiefly in the more finely crenulate and undulate leaf-margins. 
 
 M. ROTUNDiFOLiA, L. (CoMMON or DwAKF Mallow.) Pubcsccnt Or almost glabrous: 
 stems procumbent from a large and deep firm root: leaves rounded, slightly 5-7-lobed, 
 crenate: corolla barely half inch in diameter, surpassing the calyx, pale: carpels about 1.5, 
 puberulent and rounded but not reticulated on the back. — Spec. ii. 688; Gray, Gen. 111. 
 ii. t. 116. — A common weed, extending across the continent, especially abimdant in the 
 Atlantic States and northward ; fl. spring to autumn. (Nat. from Eu.) 
 M.* parvifl6ra, L.2 Glabrous or sparsely hairy : stems erect or ascending from an annual 
 root : leaves somewhat angulate-lobed : pedicels short : calyx larger than in the preceding 
 or with broader lobes, widely spreading under the fruit: carpels glabrous, sharply and 
 transversely reticulate-rugose on the back, the margins of which are somewhat winged and 
 denticulate. — Diss. Dem. PI., Amoen. Acad. iii. 416; DC. Prodr. i. 433; Jacq. Hort. Vind. 
 t. 39; Greene, W. Am. Sci. iii. 155. M. borenlis, Gray, PI. Fendl. 15, & Gen. 111. t. 116. f. 5, 
 6 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 83, at least in great part ; Coulter, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb, 
 i. 31, ii. 36 ; not Liljebl. M. rotundifulla (borealis), Fries, Novit. ed. 2, 218. M. ohtusa, Torr. 
 & Gray, Fl. i. 225. — Abundant on the Pacific Coast from Brit. Columbia to S. California 
 and Mexico, east to Texas ; also locally established in waste places in the Atlantic States. 
 (Nat. from Eu.?) Varying greatly in size, and under the most favorable circumstances, as 
 in S. California, attaining gigantic stature for an annual. 
 M.* PusfLLA, Smith. Similar in habit and foliage to the last preceding species : calyx-lobes 
 mostly closed over the fruit : pedicels usually somewhat longer, tending to be reflexed in 
 fruit : carpels dorsally rugose-reticulate, at first tomentulose, later nearly or quite glabrate ; 
 margins obscurely if at all denticulate, not at all winged. — Eng. Bot. t. 241. M. }iarviflora, 
 
 1 The M. Alcea of Rand & Redfield's Fl. Mt. Desert is an exceptional fonn of M. moschata, with 
 none of the leaves deepU' cleft. 
 
 ^ Dr. Gray did not recognize the American occurrence of this species, which under the name 
 M- borealis was confused with the next. 
 
Lavatera. .MA1.\ ACK.K. 299 
 
 Hulls. Fl. Ang. 307, not L. M. horealis [" Wallm. in "] Liljebl. Sv. Fl. c<l. 3, 374 ; Kcicheub. 
 If. Bot. Crit. t. JO; Fl. Dan. t. 1825; K. U. Hiiker. Jour. H..t. xxviii. 341. .»/. Sir„e„n», 
 of several Am. autli<tr.-i, not of Allioni. — (Vntr. and S. California, alnjul dwelliuf^B, &<•., cou 
 siileral)ly less frei|ui-nt than tlu- la.xt, from wiiicii it can «omftini<-j< wanely be diittiuguiitheU ; 
 also rarely fouml on lialla.xt in the Atlantic States. (Nat. from Ku.) 
 
 2. ALTH-<^A, Tuuru. (Aucieiit Greek and Latin nam.- of Maic-ii Mal- 
 low, from akduy, to heal.) — Old World herbs; A. itosK.v, C'av., th.- Hollvhotrk, 
 eouimon in cultivation, and the following sparingly naturalized. — In.sL 'j7 ; L. 
 Gen. no. 561. 
 
 A. okkicinAlIS, L. (.M.xusii M.u.i.ow.) Perennial fmrn a thi.k ami .hej. r<H»t (which 
 yields the mucilage for which the i)lant is ofticinal), 2 to 4 fctt hi;,'h, hranc hiiiK, tom»nl<«*- 
 canescent: leaves broadly ovate, serrate, ])artly iuci.-<ed or 3-loiied : jiedundcH axill:irv, 
 short, several-Howered : Howers short-pedicelled : petals pale rose-color, iialf incli lonjj : 
 carpels 15 to 20. — Spec. ii. 686; Fl. l)au. t. 530; Woodv. .Med. i. t. .M ; Torr. & (Jray. H. 
 i. 229. — Borders of salt marshes, Kew England and New York, also in a few places went- 
 ward and southward to Michigan aud Arkansas; fl. summer. (Nat. from Eu.) 
 A.* c.\snAbix.\, L. (Si)ec. ii. 686), readily distinguished from the prece<ling by its dipi- 
 tately 5-parted or -divided leaves, ha.s been found more or le.ss established in vacant lots in 
 Washington, D. C, G. Oliver (ace. to Holm, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vii. 40). 
 
 3. LAVATERA, Tourn. (Dedicated by Tournefort to one of the family 
 Lavater, a physician, of Zurich.) — Mem. Acad. Paris, 170G, 80. t. 7 ; L. Gen. 
 no. 558; Dill. Cat. PI. Giss. App. 155, t. 10.^ — Founded on the common an- 
 nual L. trimestris, L., of the gardens (§ Stegia, DC), which has an nmbn-ll.i- 
 shaped top to the axis of the fruit. In the other sections of tin- genus the t(tp is 
 conical, either large or small. All Old World plants (most of them shrubliy), 
 except the following, of the § Savimona {Saviniona, Webb & IJerth. I'hyt. Can. 
 i. 30), which are insular arborescent shrubs (Canarian and Californian !) with 
 long-petioled maple-shaped leaves, small caducous stipules, and a distinct joint in 
 the flower-stalk at some distance below the flower. 
 
 L. assurgentiflora, Kellogg. Shrub with simple stems, 6 to 15 feet high, soft-pubern- 
 lent or ulalnate, the youug parts sometimes canescent : leaves 5-7-cleft, 3 to 6 (or at largest 
 even 9) inches broad; lobes ovate-triangular, coarsely and irregularly obtu.sely dentate: 
 pedicels few in the fascicles or rarely solitary, slender, inch or two long, commonly recnrvtd- 
 assurgeut: bractlets of the 3-partcd involucel oblong-lanceolate, shorter than the triangular 
 moderately accrescent calyx-lobes: petals cuneiform and truncate or obconlate, inch or 
 more long, mauve-purple and darker-veined ; claw bearded-pubescent at base : column gla- 
 brous : fruit below strongly winged between the carpels and apex not dilated nor exserted ; 
 mature carpels 6 to 8, turgid, roundish and nearly nerveless on the back, glabrous or almost 
 so. — Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. i. 11, 14 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 83, ii. 437.— I.slands off 
 the coast of S. California, Anacapa,'- San Clcmente, San Miguel, &c., and natunilizwl or 
 cultivated on the mainland as far north as San Francisco ; » fl. from earliest spring. Near 
 the Canarian L. acerifolia, Cav., and considerably variable. 
 
 1 Add E. G. Baker, Jour. Bot. xxviii. 210 (et $eq.), and f<«r fiirlher literature on the orifjin mid 
 distribution of the Pacific species of this interesting and peopraphicnlly dissevered p'nu!*, ^et• I.* Conie, 
 Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. ii. 516; Greene, Gard. & For. iii. 378, 379, & Pittonia, i. 260-26a ; Brandcprt!. 
 Zee, i. 109, 189; Parish, ibid. 300. 
 
 2 Upon the small rocky Island of Anacapa, from which, it is said, the oriRinnl «i«*cimen» were 
 secured, the species has not since been observed and may now be extinct, although found on v«rit>u» 
 neifrhbnring islands. 
 
 a Mr. T. S. Urandeffee (Zoe. i. 189) states that it is cultivated as far north as Mendocino Co., C«lif., 
 and inland to the foot-hills of the Sierras. 
 
300 MALVACEAE. Lavatera. 
 
 Li. insularis, "Watson. Low, cinereous-puberulent : leaves 7-lobed; the lobes roundish- 
 oval, \ erv obtuse and obtusely dentate : pedicels less tliau incli lonf^, sliorter than the tiower, 
 at lengtli detiexed : bractlets of involucel spatulate, almost distinct, rather sliorter than the 
 flowering and much shorter than the largely accrescent fructiferous calyx : petals spatulate- 
 obovate, emargiuate, inch and a half long, purplish, naked at base of claws : column gla- 
 brous : fruit nearly of the preceding, of about 10 carpels. — Proc. Am. Acad. xii. 249, & Bot. 
 Calif, ii. 437. — Corouados Islands near San Diego, S. California, Cleveland. 
 L. occidentAlis, Watson, Froc. Am. Acad. xi. 113, 124; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 83, 
 of Guadalupe Island off Lower California, differs from the last preceding (wliich may be a 
 form of it) in the oblong bractlets of involucel more united at base, and a moderately dilated 
 depressed-conical top to the axis of fruit. 
 
 L. ven6sa, Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. xii. 249, coll. by Dr. Streets on San Benito Island, 
 Lower California, in incomplete specimens, i has somewhat similar leaves, but slender pedicels 
 (an inch or two long), oval bractlets of involucel nearly distinct and equalling the calyx, 
 smaller purple and dark-veiny petals, their claws with hairy tufts at base (in the manner of 
 the first species), and more compressed carpels with striate-nerved sides. 
 
 4. CALLIRHOE, Nutt. (KaXXtppo'?;, the name of more than one mytho- 
 logical female.) — E. North American herbs, with mostly showy crimson-purple 
 or flesh-colored flowers. Cauline leaves palmately or pedately dissected ; stipules 
 free. — Jour. Acad. Philad. ii. 181 (on species destitute of involucel) ; Gray, PL 
 Fendl. 16, & Gen. 111. ii. 51, t. 117, 118.^ NuttaUia, Bart. Fl. X. A. ii. t. 62; 
 Hook. Exot. Fl. t. 171, 172. 
 
 § 1. Perennials, some perhaps biennials, with thick and farinaceous napiform 
 or fusiform root: mature carpels of rounded or subreuiform outline. 
 
 * Carpels with small and deciduous beak or point, or none, even on the back and the thin 
 sides not rugose, at length often 2-valved : involucel 3-phyllous : calyx .5-lobed to the 
 middle : peduncles short, umbellately few-several-flowered : stipules small : root fusiform. 
 
 C. triangulata, Gray. Roughish-pubescent, erect, 2 feet high : radical and lower leaves 
 ovate-lanceolate with deeply cordate base to deltoid or slightly hastate, crenate, rarely in- 
 cised or pedately cleft; upper cauline variously and often deeply cleft and the lobes narrow, 
 some pedately hastate : pedicels about the length of the flower : bractlets of involucel 
 spatulate, rather small, seldom equalling the deltoid-ovate obscurely 1-nerved calyx-lobes: 
 petals purple, three fourths inch long, the summit repand. — PI. Fendl. 16, Gen. 111. ii. 
 t. 118, f. 6, 7, & Man. ed. 5, 100. Malra trianr/ulata, Leaveuw. Am. .lour. Sci. vii. 62. M. 
 Howjhtonii, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 225, 681. Nattallia cordifolia, Nutt. Jour. Acad. Philad. 
 vii. 98. N. triangulata, Hook. .Jour. Bot. i. 197. — Sand)' barrens and prairies, Alabama and 
 N. Carolina to Indiana and Minnesota ; fl. summer. 
 
 * * Carpels indehiscent, with rugose-reticulated back and sides up to the short and broad in- 
 flexed beak : involucel 3-phyllous, close to the .'i-parted calyx : sepals lanceolate, elongated, 
 3-5-nerved : peduncles elongated, 1-flowered : stipules conspicuous, OA-ate : perennial root 
 najjiform, large ; fl. summer. 
 
 C. involucrata, Gray. Hirsute or even hispid : stems procumbent : leaves of rounded out- 
 line, palmately or pedately .5-7-parted or deeply cleft, and the mostly cuneate divisions in- 
 cisely lobed, the lobes oblong to lanceolate : peduncles surpassing the leaves : bractlets of 
 involucel linear to oblong, about half the length of the spreading calyx-lobes : petals com- 
 monly inch long and crimson-purple or clierry-red, varying to paler, the edge of the broad 
 summit erose-<lenticulate : carpels 18 to 2.5, pubescent externally or the beak hairy, at length 
 glabrate. — PI. Fendl. 15, 16, PI. Lindh. pt. 2, 159, & Gen. 111. t. 117; Meelian, Native 
 
 1 This species has since been secured by Lt. Pond and bv Dr. Julir. Palmer, who.se much better 
 material fully confirms the characters upon which the species was based. See Greene, Pittonia, i. 261- 
 263, and Vasey & Rose, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. i. 21. 
 
 2 Add E. 6. Baker, Jour. Bot. xxix. 49. 
 
CalUrhoe. MALVACK.i:. 301 
 
 Flowers, ser. 1, ii. t. 2 ; Sprajjuo & GooUalo, Wild FIdwcth, t. 26. C. rrrtirillata, (iru-ul. 
 Kfv. Ilort. 1862, 171, with jiliUe. T. /Hi/mu/<i. Huckl. I'nx-. AcimI. I'liihwi. IKGI. 4-19, iiin:ill 
 form, pale-fluweietl.i Snlinliai inrolninilti, Nutt. t 'Inrr. Ann. Iac .\. V. ii. IT:i. Mulm 
 involitcrulu, Torr. & Ciray, Fl. i. 22(> ; Hook. Hot. Maj;. t. 4i)MI. — I'laiiin, .Minni-n')ia, F.iwUm 
 Iowa and Nebra.ska to 'le.xa."* ; H. all Huninic-r. N'arii-.n in h'\/a' :.nd I'dor of llowtr, hairiiiCM, 
 and hrcadtli of leaf-lolie.-! : pa.s.sing into 
 
 Var. lineaxiloba, (Jkay. Lt-s-s hirsnti-, or with only flow and Mhort jmlioitconco. or 
 almost glal>ri>ii.s : stems a.sccndin^ : h-avcs smaller, inch or two in diameti-r ; u|i|Mr or all of 
 them dissected into linear iohes : eorolla pink or lilae, often with white cenln- : <-ar|>«<|K |;la- 
 brate. — Proc. Acad. I'hilad. lS(i2, 101. ('. liumrilolMt, (Jniy, I'ro<-. Am Acad. xix. 74. 
 Mdlva involucrata, var. liiiearilobu, Torr. & Gray, 1. c. J/. linrariliAm, Vourig, Fl. Tcxait, 
 180. — Texas, first coll. by Berlandier, then by iJrummoud. (.Mex., (irrqrj, I'almrr;^ Lc.) 
 * * * Carpels rugose-retieulate<l at mat nrity, the short and broad hollow U-ak in<iirv»Ml : 
 invohuel none or in C Pn/Kirir l-.l-phyllous : calyx .'i-partiil, the tajK-rin^ acute or acu- 
 minate lohcs 3-uerved : peduncles 1-tlowered : stipules not lar;;e : root napifonn. 
 
 C. alcseoides, (Jijay. A span to a foot high, erect, strigulose-puliCHcent or glabratc : radi- 
 cal leaves oliloiig- or deltoid-c(jrdate and coarsely crenate or incised, or »ome j>edatfly 3-i- 
 parted into ol)long or linear divisions or lobes, the mi<ldle one longer; canlinc more divided : 
 peduncles corymbo.sely api)roxinKite at summit of stem, an inch or mon; long : calyx 3 U> 5 
 lines long: petals half inch or more long, rosc-c<jlor or j)ale: carpels disjxised to dehi.s<ence. 
 — IM. Femll. 18, & Man. ed. 5, 100 ; Wats. Bibl. In.lex, i:J2. C. nlr,ii,i,hx &. ('. m,irr„rh,:„. 
 Gray, I'l. Feudl. 18, & Gen. 111. ii. 53. SiJd alca-oiJes, Michx. Fl. ii. 44 ; Torr. & (iriy, Fl. 
 i. 234, 681. Siiia macrorhlza, James fide Wats. 1. c. M(dra pedtita, var.? umMlnUi, Torr. 
 & Gray, Fl. i. 227. — Barrens and plains, Tennessee and Kentucky, Michaux, iJr. Curre^; 
 rare. Nebraska and Kansas to Texas ; first coll. by James. 
 
 C. Papaver, Gu.vy. Sparsely hirsute or partly glabrous : stems a foot or two high, ascend- 
 ing, slender, rather naked above: leaves mostly pedately 3-5parte<l, the radical into obl.mg 
 or lanceolate, and cauliue into narrowly lanceolate or linear divisions of about e(|ual length, 
 the larger ones 2 or 3 inches long: jtedundes few. elongated, much surpa.ssitig the leaves: 
 involucel commonly of 3 linear bractlets, often a little remote from calyx, sometimes want- 
 ing: calyx about half inch long : petals sometimes inch and a half long, erosedenticulate at 
 broad siimmit, red-purple. —PL Fendl. 17, & Gen. 111. t. 118, f 5. carpel. M.ilm /',tf»irrr, 
 Cav. Diss. ii. 64, t. 15, f. 3; DC. Prodr. i. 431 ; Torr. & (Jray, Fl. i. 226, 681, exd. syn. 
 ilA. Xuttalloldes, Croom, Am. Jour. Sci. xxvi. 313, & xxviii. 168. yultallia I'a/xner, (Jra- 
 ham, Bot. Mag. t. 3287 ; Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. .ser. 2, t. 279. .V. ijrandi flora, Paxt. .Mag. 
 Bot. v. 217, with plate. — Open woods, W. Georgia and Florida to Louisiana and K. Texa-s ; 
 fl. s])ring and summer. 
 
 C. digitata, Nctt. Sparsely hirsute or mainly glabrous: stem a foot or two high, erect, 
 few-leaved : leaves palmately or ])edately 5-7-parted ; primary radical ones round cordate, 
 .some with short rounde<l h)bes, others parted into narrow divisions or lobes; the caulino 
 commonly with narrow linear divisions or lobes (1 to 3 inches long) ; upi)er ones n-duced l«> 
 small simple l)racts : peduncles subracemose, elongated and filiform: inv.ducel always wanu 
 ing: petals inch long, red-purple (varying to white or violet), the summit fimbriidale. — 
 Jour. Acad. Philad. ii. 181 ; Gray, PI. I.indh. pt. 2. 160, PI. Fendl. 17, PI. Wright, i. 15, i ii. 
 20; Torr. & Gray, Pacif. K. Rep. ii. 160. XuUalli'a di<iilata, Bart. Fl. X. Am. ii. 74, t. 62; 
 Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. t. 129; Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2612; Hook. Kxot. Fl. t 171. y. i>nlm,tta. 
 Torr. Ann. Lvc. N. Y. ii. 171. X. i»<lat<i. Hook. Kxot. Fl. t. 172. (>/</.» ixdata. Nutt. in 
 herb.) X. rordatn, Lindl. Bot. Keg. t. 1938. Malva ditjitaUi & M. t>fdata (exd. var.), 
 
 1 Add syn. C. Im-olucrntn, var. pnlmata, Rritfon, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. ix (1890). 183. 
 
 2 One of Dr. Palmer's specimens, included by Dr. (irny in var. linearilolni, has nuliM-qurntly be«n 
 described by F.. G. Baker. .lour. Bot. xxix. 49, as var.TKNt i'ssima. Palmer. It was coll«><-|«l in Xonh- 
 ern Mexico east of Saltitlo (not Still-hilU as staled in doscr.), and ropre.icnts an rxlri mo form a» to 
 dissected foliage. Var. Novo-MrxicAna. K. (J. Baker, I. c. collcrtod near MoN.t»'« Cnrk, New 
 Mexico, Fendler, without number, a form with leaves fcw-lobcd and lol>os bmailly l.inrfolal* and ariilc, 
 represents the other extreme. More ample material of these difTerent fonns may well khow spwilic 
 differences. 
 
302 MALYACE.E. Callirhoe. 
 
 Torr. & Gray, Tl. i. 227. — Prairies, &c., Arkausas^ to Texas; fl. spring; first coll. by 
 
 Nuttall. 
 
 § 2. Annual : carpels short-beaked, densely pubescent : involucel of 3 linear 
 
 bractlets. 
 
 C* scabriuscula, Robinson, n. sp. Erect, subsimple, a foot and a half high, covered 
 throughout with a fine close slightly rough stellate tomentum : leaves snhorhicular in out- 
 line, deeply and ])alinately 5-cleft ; lobes oblong or lanceolate, entire or few-toothed, obtuse ; 
 petioles of'the lower leaves 3 or 4 inches long, cliannelled above ; the ui)per leaves shortly 
 petioled ; stipules lance-linear : peduncles rather rigid, considerably exceeding the subtend- 
 ing sessile foliaceous 3-5Tparted bracts : calyx-lobes lanceolate, acuminate, 3-nerved, 4 or 5 
 lines long: obovate subtruncate petals more than an inch in length: carpels with lateral 
 walls often although not always evanescent in manner of Anoda ; styles somewhat persistent. 
 — Collected on the Colorado Kiver of Texas by Dr. Sutton llai/es (no. 80) while on the El 
 Taso and Ft. Yuma Wagon Road Exped. A single specimen in herb. Gray. 
 
 § 3. Annual : mature carpels with beak little shorter than the body ; the 
 latter with smooth back, 3-crenate at summit : no involucel. 
 
 C. pedata, Gray. Stem erect, a foot or even a yard high, leafy : radical and lower leaves 
 round-cordate, palmately or pedately 5-7-lobed or -parted and the lobes coarsely toothed or 
 incised, upper 3-5-cleft or -parted usually into narrow divisions : peduncles longer than the 
 leaves and somewhat racemose at summit of stem : calyx 5-parted ; lobes triangular-lanceolate 
 and attenuate, 3-nerved: petals inch or less long, red-purple or cherry-red, varying to lilac, 
 erose at broad summit : mature carpels straight with the thick beak excised within, more or 
 less rugulose-reticulated on the sides, somewhat disposed to dehiscence at base. — PI. Fendl. 
 17, PI. Lindh. pt. 2, 160 (excl. syn. Bart. & Hook.), Gen. 111. ii. 53, 1. 118, PI. Wright, i. 15. & 
 ii. 20; Grcenl. Rev. Hort. vi. (1857) 429, f. 148. Sida {Nnttallia) pedata, Nutt. in herb., 
 apparently, but not N. pedata, Hook., &c. — Prairies and thickets, common in Texas,^ first 
 coll. by Berlandier ; fl. spring & summer. 
 
 5. SIDALCEA, Gray. (Name compounded of Sida, to which the known 
 species had been referred, and Alcea, from some general likeness to that genus.) 
 — Herbs of W. North America, erect; with mostly palmately or pedately parted 
 or deeply cleft leaves, small stipules, and purple or pink or sometimes white 
 flowers of moderate size, appearing in spring and summer, mostly collected in 
 terminal racemes or spikes, not rarely polygamous by the abortion of the anthers ; 
 the 9 flowers being smaller. Involucels mostly 0, rarely present. Carpels 
 beakless or with distinct apiculation. — Gray in Benth. PI. Hartw. 300, PI. 
 Fendl. 18, & Gen. 111. ii. 57, t. 120; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 201." 
 
 § 1. Annuals, typical species, all Californian, spring-flowering: phalanges 
 conspicuous. 
 
 * Stamineal column conspicuously double ; the five exterior phalanges borne much l)elow 
 the summit, petaloid-dihited, convolute in ajstivation, quadrate or oblong, undivided, their 
 truncate summit 5-10-antheriferous on very short free filaments ; interior or terminal 
 phalanges mostly 10, linear and 2-antheriferous : petals with broad summit minutely erose- 
 denticulate, bright purple or rose-colored. 
 
 •i- Carpels dorsally reticulated or favose ; meshes short. 
 
 1 Missouri, McDonald Co., Rusk, "uncommon"; also reported earlier from Lawrence and Jaspar 
 Counties by G. C. Broadhead, Bot. Gaz. i. 9. 
 
 2 Northward to the Cimarron Val., Ind. Territorv, Cnrhton, ace. to Holzinser. 
 
 8 Add Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xxi. 409, xxii. 28G; Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. i. 74 ; E. G. 
 Baker, Jour. Bot. xxix. 51. 
 
Sidalcea. MAI.N'ACK.K. 3Q3 
 
 S. diplosc^pha, Or w. Soft-hirsiuo, ami witli w.ino fjiio soft pnJ)OMrpnre. a f.jot or two 
 liii,'li, \Mili -imaciiii;; Lraiiclics ami raci-mosely or torviiilMMiolv fiwllowcrwl jK-duiuli-j. : 
 kavi-.s round rLiiiforin in outline, oarli.-st nitTi-ly rrenatc,' iIm- r«'.st :.-7|,arto.| an.i clivii.i..nH 
 mostly 2-3-lobf(l, lohcs ami ilivi.sions of lower leaven l.roadish, of ii|i|>er liii«-ar. of the w•^^iIl• 
 bracteal ones almost filiform: calyx-lobes laneeolaiesul.ulate : |R-talM inch lon^ • cMri-U 
 
 beakless, dcpresseil- or cochlcate-reniform and re or l.-ss reticulate-ruKoM. at inatiiriiv 
 
 lightly sulcate down the hack, at separation leaxin;; iM-hind on the n-ceptade lu, many i.ul.'u- 
 late obtuse processes of nearly the height .if the narr.iw central re<eptac|e. — (irav in'llcnth. 
 I'l. Ilartw. 300, PI. Fendl. 19, & (Jen. HI. t. li!0, f. 1-6; Mrew. & Wats. Hot. ('alif. i. m' 
 Greene, Hull. Calif. Acad. Sci. i. 79. Sida diplosrifji/ta, Torr. & (;ra\ , 11. i. 234, Ck-j ; lU^ik. 
 & Aril. Hot. Heecii. 326, t. 76. — N. and \V. California, not uncommon in gniinfiehlH ; flmt 
 
 cull, liy /'oiiij/ds. 
 
 Var. minor, Gkay. Smaller, tho corolla barely inch and a half in iliameter, weminglf 
 deeper-colored and with a dark-piirplo centre: mature carjiels more nigose ami turgid.— 
 PI. Feudl. 19.' — Valley of the Sacramento, and Lake Co. ; the earliest collectors l>eing />«■■- 
 mont and Hartwvg. 
 
 S. hirsiita, Gkay. Stem soft-hirsute, at least al.ovo, often glabnms lielow. strict or with 
 ascending branches, commonly 2 feet high, bearing numerous liowers in <len.He and rither 
 short racemes or spikes : cauline leaves palmately or pedately 7-9-jiarteil or -divided into 
 narrowly linear and entire divisions ; lower glabrous; liracts inostly small ami inconspicu- 
 ous: calyx densely cinereous-pnbe.'icent and hirsute; the lolies triangular lanceolate : petals 
 inch or less long, ligiit ro.se-color : carpels at maturity tliree fourths orbicular orsubreniform, 
 reticulated on the back and sides, ventrally tippe<l with a soft and hairy erect at length de- 
 ciduous subulate beak, at .se|)aration leaving a scarious portion of in.sertion on the thickicli 
 receptacle. — PI. Wright, i. 16 ; Torr. Pacif. H. Uej). iv. 72 ; (Jray, I'roc. Am. Acad. xxi. 4lo. 
 S. de/i>hinifolia. Gray, PI. Fendl. 19. & (ien. 111. ii. t. 120, f. lo-l'2 ; Henth. PI. Hartw .'JOO, 
 not Sida de/phiiiifoUa, Nutt. .S'. I/iiiiirrt/i, Hrew. & Wats. I$ot. Calif, i S4, mainly ; (ire.ne. 
 Bull. Calif. Acarl. Sci. i. 78. —Valley of the Sacramento and of the Stani.'.laus, in low and 
 wet but soon exsiccated grounds ; first coll. by Uarlweg, then by IH,/eli,w. 
 
 •»- ■»- Carpels dorsally striate-rcticulated with long meshes or several-rihlied. 
 
 S.* Calycosa, M. E. Jones.^ Like the foregoing, but with broader leaflets atid smaller and 
 less copious flowers : stem pale green or stramineous, covered toward thesummit with sparse 
 spreading pubescence: stipules ovate, acuminate, large, 3 lines in length, green : inflores- 
 cences terminal, spicate, short and dense : calyx-lobes ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate 
 (3 or 4 lines long) : mature carpels reniform, striate-nervose on the rounded back, minutelv 
 reticulated on the sides, the slender weak beak evanescent. — Am. Nat. xvii. 875; Grav, 
 Proc. Am. Acad. xxi. 410. — Sonoma Co., on Kussian Hiver, ^f. E. Jones. 
 
 S.* sulcata, Curran. More slender and branching : stem mostly glabrou.s, jiurplish : leaf- 
 segments narrow: stipules very small, dark reddish, a line in length : inflorescence at length 
 loose : flowers rather small for the grou]) and of deep color : calyx smaller ami le.xs inclined 
 to become scarious than in the la.st prece<ling species : petals reverscd-deltoid, 6 or 8 lines in 
 length and breadth. — M. Iv. Curran in Greene. Hull. Calif. Acid. Sci. i. 79. lieducod to 
 S. cnli/cosa by Gray. Proc. Am. Acad. xxi. 410. Greene. Fl. Francis. 104. and K. G. Rakor, 
 Jour. Dot. xxix. .51. but apparently distinct. — Central California, Eldorado Co., .l/r.<. < 'unait, 
 Mariposa Co., at White Hock, Courjdon, and Marin Co., near Lagunita.s I^ike, />r. Merrill. 
 * * Exterior phalanges closely approximate to the interior at the summit of the colnnin, 
 2-parted into narrow divisions, each 2-antheriferons; interior |>halanges le^s conspicuous; 
 structure therefore similar to that of the or<iinary perennial sfM>cies. 
 
 S. Hartwegi, Gkay. Slender, paniculately branching, a foot or two high, minutely pntK>.«- 
 cent : leaves simply palmately or ])ed.itely 3-7-parted into linear divisions, or some of the.ne 
 occasionally 2-3-lol)ed and broader: flowers few or several and nither h»>^' in short racemes, 
 minutely l<racteate : calyx-loiies lanceolate, attenuate ;icumin.ite : |)etals h.ilf tothn>o fourths 
 inch long, deep pink-purple: carpels at full maturity reniform-incurved (at first with kL^al 
 
 1 Add ."syn. S. .seniniliflora, Grocno. Fl. Fmiirin. 10.1. 
 
 3 Description altered tu exclude the nvxl following; ii|>ccios. 
 
304 MALYACE^. Sidalcea. 
 
 portion straighter), strongly or even favosely rugose-reticulated, closed or slightly open at 
 ventral base, the small and soft glabrous apiculatiou evanescent ; some soft thin processes 
 left on tlie receptacle. — Gray in Benth. 1*1. Hartw. 300, Tl. Eeudl. 20, & Proc. Am. Acad. 
 xxi. 409. 5'. tenella, Greene, 1. c. partly. — California, with 5. hirsuta in the valley of the 
 Sacramento, also on dry hillsides ; first coll. by Hartweg ; also from Colusa Co. to Mariposa. 
 Smaller-flowered forms reach extreme in 
 
 Var. tenella, Gray. Slender and more branching, much smaller-flowered : petals 
 quarter to third inch long, ligiiter-colored. — Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 286. 5. tenella, Greene, 
 Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. i. 7. — On the Little Chico, Butte Co., Mrs. Austin. Anthers abortive 
 and styles very long in some flowers. 
 
 § 2. Perennials, strong-rooted, spring- or mostly summer-flowering, with 
 flowers in naked (either single or paniculate) terminal spikes or racemes : exte- 
 rior phalanges closely approximate to the interior or terminal stamens at summit 
 of the column : petals seldom at all erose or denticulate. 
 
 * Phalanges manifest, at least the exterior series, but the membrane often more or less 
 
 cleft or i)arted : leafy-stemmed (except in -S'. parvijiora, var. '. Tlauben) : some or all 
 
 of the cordate-orbicuiar lowest leaves barely creuate-lobed or incised ; the upper cauline 
 
 always deeply parted. 
 
 -K- Corolla uniformly white : anthers bluish. 
 S. Candida, Gray. Glabrous or almost so : stem 2 or 3 feet high from somewhat creeping 
 rootstocks, leafy to the spiciform inflorescence : radical leaves obtusely lobed or creuate- 
 iucised ; cauline (4 to 8 inches broad) 5-7-parted and divisions 2-3-lobed at apex, or ujjper- 
 most 3-5-parted into lanceolate entire divisions : calyx-lobes deltoid : petals half incli or 
 more long : carpels nearly glabrous and smooth (or slightly puberulent and in age obscurely 
 reticulated on the sides), thin. — PI. Fendl. 20, 24, & Gen. 111. ii. t. 120, f. 9 (androecium) ; 
 Torr. & Gray, Pacif. R. Rep. ii. 126, t. 2; Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. i. 74. — Along 
 streams in the higher Rocky Mountains of Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah ; first coll. by 
 Fremont. 
 
 ■t— -h- Corolla rose-color or mauve-purple, rarely a white variety. 
 ++ Herbage cinereous with a short and soft several-rayed stellular pubescence, no hirsute or 
 
 hispid hairs. 
 S. Calif ornica, Gray. Stems 2 or 3 feet high, erect, bearing a simple loosely-flowered 
 spiciform raceme : lower leaves 2 or 3 inches broad : calyx-lobes 3-5-nerved, ovate-deltoid 
 becoming deltoid-lanceolate : petals inch long : young carpels sparsely hispidulous-puberulent 
 on the back : phalanges of outer series broad and short, truncate, 4-5-antheriferous on short 
 filaments. — PI. Fendl. 19, & Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 286. Sida Californlcn, Nutt.in Torr. & 
 Gray, Fl. i. 233. — Santa Inez Mountains near Santa Barbara, California (abundant in 
 Mission Canon and Cassitas Pass) ; first coll. by Nuttall. 
 ++ ++ Herbage green, at least not cinereous : coarser pubescence when present of simjde or 
 
 geminate or few-rayed stellular hairs : species difficult to discriminate, apparently more 
 
 or less confluent. 
 
 = Mature carpels when dry rugulose-reticulated, at least on the sides, mostly on the back 
 also (sometimes smooth or nearly so in S. Orer/ana) : petals (except in S. Oregana & S. 
 parvijiora) half inch to full inch long. 
 
 S. malvaeflora, Gray. Hirsute or stems and petioles even hispid with few-rayed and some 
 simple spreading hairs, but hardly any minute stellular pubescence : stems ascending or 
 erect from decumbent base, 8 inches to 2 feet high (or rarely more) from a thick stock or 
 root, simple and bearing simple loosely few-many-flowered spiciform racemes : petals about 
 inch long : lobes of fructiferous calyx from deltoid-ovate to lanceolate : mature carpels 
 lightly rugulose-reticulated, when young almost smooth. — Proc. Am. Acad. xxi. 409, & xxii. 
 286, not of earlier publications, except as to syn. Sida malvceflnra, DC. S. humilis, Grav. 
 PI. Fendl. 20 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 84 ; Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. i. 75.i Sida 
 
 1 Add syn. S. deljMnifulia (and var. humilis), Greene, Fl. Francis. 105. 
 
Sidnlcea. iMALVACE.E. 305 
 
 miilr„flora,T)C. Trodr. i. 474 (Mocino & Sesse. Fl. Mcx. Ic. incd.. & Cal.|UP» <lo« Ik-jw. t. 70, 
 doul)tless lolLctid at M.-iiurev ; H;,'iire wants radi.-al leaves, showM well the liiHpidily of 
 stem and petioles, iiDtwiilislanclinf,' liie " {,'laltriuseula " of the I'r.MJr.j ; I look. & Am. Jiot. 
 Beech. 326. S. del,>hi„lfoli,i, Nutt. in Torr. & CJrav. Kl. i. 2.15. form with niosth diK-.tH 
 leaves. NuttaUia mali;iji„ra, Fisili. & Trautv. in Kiseh. & .Mev. Ind. ."seni. Ilort. I'.troi,, iji. 
 1837, 41. — Low groun.is and hillsiiles alon|,' and near the toa.s't, from San Die^^o to .Mendo^ 
 ciuo Co., California; first coll. by Moriho & Stsse. 
 
 S.* parviflora, Gkkkne. Stems several, .|uite glal.nnis toward the hawe, Huhsiniple, tornii- 
 natiiii; in lung slender loose racemes: lowest leaves orl.icular, creniitet.M.thed, the' otlieni 
 deeply divided, with divisions lohed: llowers small; pedicels (2 to 3 lines long) Mil.tende.l 
 by simple linear bractlets scarcely their own length : caly.x wiinewhat hin»»i«' pulH'»«-.-nt : 
 petals a third to half inch long : car|)els glabrons, at letigth distinctly rctiiulated ; Ih-hIc 
 somewhat recurved.— Erythea, i. 148. 6'. malmjlom, Torr. Hot. .M.-.x." Itound. 3H. in part, 
 not Gray. — Meadows, S. California, L<js Ang«les Vo., J.i/<.n, J/ass,, San IJernardino Co.] 
 Parish, Miss Cummiii</>i. (Sonora, at Ojo de Cavilan, where first coll. by Thuilnr in 1851 ) 
 Chiefly distinguished from the preceding by the smooth stem and considerably smaller 
 flowers borne in longer more slender racemes. Prof. Cireene (1. c.) states that .Mr. I'arisirM 
 specimen (no. 2080) was referred by Dr. Gray to S. i/laurisreus. It wiis collected, however, 
 in May, 1889, more than a year after Dr. Gray's ileath. 
 
 Var.* (?) Thlirberi, KoniNsoN, n. var". A foot high: leaves small, chiefly basal; 
 those of the almost naked stems sparse, divided into narrow linear segments : flowers w hilo. 
 — Las Playas, Sonora, near the U. S. boundary, Thurher, 334, 340, and perhaps als<j in New 
 Mexico or Arizona. 
 
 S. asprella, Greene. No hirsute or hispid pube.scence whatever : stem 2 to 5 feet high, 
 siiiiiile, rtjughish with minute and deu.se stellular almost scurfy i)ul)C.scence, r)r Udow gla- 
 brous : leaves moderately lobed or only uppermost dissected, i>ube.scent with few-ra\ed short 
 stellular hairs : raceme virgate, loosely flowered, very naked : pedicels sometimes longer 
 than fruiting calyx, commonly very short: petals usually inch hmg : calv.x cane.Hcent, in 
 fruit mostly 5 lines long; lobes from ovate l)ecoming triangular-lanceolate : carjiels rugoso- 
 reticulated throughout and glabrous at maturity, becoming concave or gnMived on the baik 
 and acute-angled at sides. — Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. i. 78, founded on a lax and decundiont 
 leafy state, perhaps from growing in thickets; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 28r,.— Ilillsidett 
 of the lower Sierra Nevada, from Yuba to Siskiyou Co., Greene, Mrs. Citrran ; at Cliico de- 
 scending to the low foot-hills, where the stem is strict. 
 
 S. Campestris, Greene. Either glabrous up to the inflorescence or with some hirsute 
 ])uboscence at least below and close stellular cinereous pubescence alM)ve : stems 2 to 5 feet 
 high, when large branching aI)ove : rounded lower leaves variously lobed ; ujiiK-r usually 
 5-7-parted into narrow divisions: racemes strict, either rather dense and spiciform or 
 more loosely flowered: petals over half iiut rarely full inch long, their emarginate summit 
 often laciniate-erose : calyx 4 or 5 lines long at least in fruit, minutely caue.scent, some- 
 times also with soft slender hairs, sometimes nearly glaltrous; the lobes in age u>ually lan- 
 ceolate-acuminate: carpels roughish rugose- or favose-rcticulated and otmnmnly piilK>s<ent. 
 the back rather rounded and dorsal angles obtu,<e. — Hull. Calif. Acad. Sci. i. 7f> (founded 
 on one form) ; Gray, 1. c. S. On'i/nna, Gray. PI. Femil 20. j>artly.' Si(/(i mtilm floni, Lindl. 
 Bot. Keg. t. 1036; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 108— Moist meadows, where usually smooth or 
 glabrate, or dry hills or plains, there more puliescent and base of stem with nidical potiolen 
 hirsute with deflexed or spreading hairs, N. California to Hrit. Columl»ia w«'st of the Ca.«cade 
 Kange ; first coll. by Dotifflas. 
 
 S. Oregana, Gray. Very like the last preceding, merely pnlierulent or nearly glabroim 
 up to the inflorescence, 2 to 5 feet high : racemes simple or comnioidy paniculate, at length 
 loosely flowered: flowers comparatively small: petals a tiiird to half inch lonj; : calyx 
 canescent, in fruit 2 or 3 lines long and the lobes broadly deltoiil : carjwds ob.-iurely rugnlom-- 
 reticulated, at least the dor.sal angles and siiles, the back smooth or sm<M>thish — PI. Fentll. 
 20, partly, & I'roc. Am. Acad. xxii. 287. Sitla Omjaiia, Nutt. in T.)rr. & Gray, Fl. i. 5134. 
 
 1 .Vdd syn. ? S. mnU-nJlorn, Mncoim, Cat. Cimad. PI. ii. 313. 
 20 
 
306 MALVACEAE. Sidalcea. 
 
 — Idaho and interior of Oregon and Washington ; i first coll. by Nuttall. Also westward as 
 far as i'ortlaud, Oregon. 
 
 S. glaucescens, Greene. Glabrous and smooth up to and even through the inflorescence 
 or an obscure pubescence on the pale or light green foliage : stems slender, a foot or two 
 high, simple or rather freely branching: leaves an inch or two in diameter; upper ones 
 5-7-parted into narrow divisions : racemes loose : petals about half inch long, sometimes 
 much smaller, not rarely white : fructiferous calyx about 3 lines long, from nearly glabrous 
 to cinereous-puberuleut, with lobes attenuate or acuminate from a broad base : mature carpels 
 relatively large, thin-walled, turgid, glabrous, coarsely reticulated, with the dorsal reticula- 
 tions mostly longer than broad, sometimes nearly smooth and even. — Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 
 i. 77. S. malvwjiora, Wats. Bot. King Exp. 46, in considerable part. — Higher Sierra Nevada, 
 California and Nevada, for most of its length, and east to Antelope Itland, Utah, Stanslmr,/, 
 Watson; the earliest collectors, Beckirilh and Anderson. Also Oregon (part of no. 71, 
 E. Hall) and near Victoria, Brit. Columbia, Fletcher ; pistillate plants, with bright green 
 foliage. Connects with the following subdivision. 
 
 = = Mature carpels smooth and even, glabrous or nearly so. 
 a. Calyx large, 6 lines in length. 
 
 S.* Henderson!, Watson. Tall and nearly glabrous: leaves large, deeply .5-7-cleft ; 
 sco-mcnts irregularly few-lobed or -toothed: flowers large in loose subsimple terminal 
 spkate raceme: i.racts linear, exceeding the short pedicels: calyx large, even in authesis 
 full half inch in length ; segments ovate, acuminate, purplish : petals, in dried state, deep 
 purple, about an inch in length : carpels few, 7 or 8, quite smooth, rather strongly beaked. 
 
 — Proc. Am. Acad, xxiii. 262. — Oregon, near Clatsop Bay, Prof. L. F. Henderson, July, 
 1887, no. l'413 ; and (ace. to Piper) Washington, on beach near Seattle, and in brackish 
 marshes at the mouth of the Skohomish ; also on Vancouver Isl., near Victoria, Macoun 
 (no. 53. distr. as S. Oregana). A maritime species with the foliage of S. Oreijana but much 
 larger more deeply colored flowers. 
 
 h. Flowers smaller : calyx 2| to 4 lines in length : not rarely with hirsute pubescence on 
 the stem and petioles and even on the calyx : upper cauline leaves mostly parted into 
 linear divisions or these again lobed. 
 
 S. Neo-Mexicana, Gray. Stems a foot to a yard or even " 8 feet " high, the larger 
 branching or with paniculate loosely flowered racemes : lower pedicels as long as the (2 or 
 3 lines long) calyx. — PI. Fendl. 23, & Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 287. S. mahceflora. Gray, PI. 
 Wright, i. 16, mainly (excl. syn.), ii. 20; Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. i. 75.— Moist 
 ground, mountains of New Mexico and Arizona to those of Colorado; 2 first coll. by Fendlcr. 
 (Adj. Mex., Grajg.) 
 
 S. spicata, Grekne. Stems a foot or two high, simple or sparingly branched : flowers in a 
 dense and oblong or sometimes looser and interrupted spike ; pedicels all much shorter than 
 the calyx or hardly any : calyx 3 or 4 lines long. — Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. i. 76. Callirhoe 
 spicata, Hegel, Gartenfl. xxi. 291, t. 737, f. 3, 4, from cult, plant.' Also cult, as "Sidalcea 
 Murryana." — Sierra Nevada, California and adjacent Nevada, first coll. by Anderson, north 
 to Grant Pass,^ S. Oregon, Henderson. The looser-flowered form nearly approaches S. 
 Neo-Mexicana. 
 
 * * Phalanges indistinct, most of the stamens separate, but the outermost combined merely 
 at base in threes or fours : scapose : leaves all pedately dissected. 
 
 S. pedata, Gray. Sparsely or below copiously hirsute : scapes a foot or less high, ascend- 
 ingeroct from a short stock rising from a tuberous root, 1-2-leaved at base, naked above or 
 with a single small leaf : leaves all alike, pedately 5-7-parted or nearly divided and the 
 narrow cuneate divisions (barely inch long) 3-lobed or basal ones 2-lobed ; the lol)es 
 
 1 This species extends southward to Napn Co., Calif., ace. to W. L. Jepson. The stipules in the 
 type are narrow and attenuate, but a noteworthy form, with shorter relatively broader stipules but 
 without other distinctions, has been found in Washington State by Piper and by Suksdorf. 
 
 2 Northward to Wyoming, A. Nelson. 
 
 8 And to Umpqua Valley, Oregon, Th. Howdl. 
 
Nap(Ea. MAi.vACK.i:. ;;ij7 
 
 narrow, linear to oblong and entire ; »|)iko niany-flowprc«l, at l«»npth plon^attMi ; hh.irt 
 jieiliiols ami calyx iniiiiiltly stilliiliir-|)iibtTiili'iit, the IhIm-s irian^iilar urtiininalv ('i linen 
 long) : petals 4 or 5 lints long, rose puriiic : larpelH nioHlly very hni"M.tli. — I'ru*-. Am. Acail. 
 xxii. 288. — Bear N'alley in the San Htrnanlino MounUiiuH, at 0,(KHJ f»-it, in wet |iiar<it. 
 Parish. 
 
 * ♦ * Phalanges as in the last : iiiHorescem-e dense : leaves flalxllifomi <>r nnifnnn-orhicu- 
 lar, iTcnate, but none of them divided or jMirtetl. 
 S.* Hickmani, (Ireene. Tall leafy liMtsely stelliite j)nlM-scent i«rennial with haliil nf 
 Miilnislntni : leaves thin, the lower snboriiieuiar, the npper Haliellifnnn, larger, 1^ to 1} 
 inilies broad, rather deejjly erenate toothed but not loiied : (lowers nweniownpicato. nut 
 very crowded; jiedicels short; geminate' bnicts and involueellate bnictlets narrow, elon- 
 gated, linear, villous : rose-purple ])etals 8 lines in length : carpels glabrous, smooth exi*|it 
 for a few transverse wrinkles, which do not reach the middle of the baik. — Tittonia, i. I.'J9. 
 — Keliz Canon, Monterey Co., California,./. li. llirkmau. 
 
 Var.* ( Parishii, KoniNSON, n. var. Lower in growth ami with shorter stellat*^ pulxr- 
 ulence rather than jiubescence : leaves of similar form but smaller, thicker, and less deejdy 
 crenate : bracts and bractlets broader, ovate t(j lance<date: flowers more criiwded, a third 
 smaller. — *?'. 1 1 ick- m<i ni, (Iveenc, Erythea, iv. G5, not of I'ittonia. — Western s1o|k- of San 
 Bernardino Mts., California, .S. /i. P<iiisli, no. 378G. Although certainly worthy varietal 
 rank, this plant, if observed at intermediate stations, will probably be found t<^ |»ass into th« 
 type. 
 
 § 3. Anomalous species, annual, witli freely braiicliin.u leafy sttiiis, vi(if(.rin 
 leaves, and glomerate inflorescence: flowers polygamo-ilitjceious : jdialanges of 
 the rather few stamens indistinct at very summit of the column. 
 S. malachroides, Gray.* Hirsute or soft-hispid with spreading stellate-fasci.led or wime 
 simple hairs : stem 3 to 6 feet high, equably leafy to the top: leaves angnlately 3-7-IoIkmI. 
 membranaceous, 2 to .') inches broad ; the broad lobes unei|ually or doubly dentate: riowers 
 in dense short (and either subscssile or pedunculate) terminal and axillary sj.ikes or hcails : 
 calvx naked or subtended by one or two slender-subulate caiiucous bractlets; ltd>es ovate, 
 acuminate : petals white or purplish, quarter inch or more long : <f flowers conimonly 
 pistiliferous and perhaps often fertile ; outer phalanges short and laciniate or 2-3-parte<l, 
 and the lobes 1-3-antheriferous, very do.se to the inner series of <listinct or geminate 
 stamens: ? flowers with few and abortive anthers or none, and with 7 to 9 smooth and 
 glabrous thin-walled carpels. — Proc. Am. Acad. vii. 332; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. K4 ; 
 Greene Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. i. 80. S. vifi/olin, Gray, 1. c., a softer pube.>«cent and le.ss 
 hispid form. Malvn mnlarhroirles. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 326; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 681 ; 
 Grav, PI. Fendl. 16. — California near the coast from Monterey to Mendocino Co.;* the 
 earliest collectors, Domjlas and Coulter. 
 
 6. NAP^A, [Clayt.] L. Glade Mallow. (From laTn/, a glade, or N^.- 
 TraTat, dell-nymphs.) — L. Syst. Nat. ed. G, 120, & Spec. ii. GHG ; name lat.-r 
 ascribed by Linnaeus (Gen. ed. 5, no. 748) to Clayton ; Clayt. Fl. Virg. e<l. 2, 
 102; L. Amoen. Acad. iii. 18 (excl. N. herwaphrodita) ; Gray, PI. Fendl. 20, 
 & Gen. 111. ii. 55, t. 119. — Single species. 
 
 1 In this, as in some other species of this genus, the Horal bracts of the primary axes aro morphcv 
 logicallv stipules of obsolete leaves. ^ 
 
 2 Pmf E. L. Oreene has separated this species, at first (Fl. Francis. 106) as SuMcta \ IU$p<- 
 ralren, and later (Piftonia. ii. 301) as an independent genus, Ih^pernktn (II mnhckrvtJt* Urx^w, 
 1 c ) To the habital distinctions, which were quite well known to Dr. Gray. Pn.f. (.nH-nc a.lds on t 
 one of a te.hnicnl nature, namely, the form of the cot vled-ns. These he has observed to «- •»T"Ptlv 
 contracted at the ba.se, not cordate as in some species of S.Mr,.,. However tollmK this d.ffrr- 
 ence may prove in future, it is as yet unsatisfactory, the embryos ..f many .s.</„/c«<r ben.R •till 
 
 unknown. , , , ,. n . ii. ,• ;■.„»..»... 
 
 8 Southward to the Sta. Lucia Mts., .^fiss Fastwoo,!, and northward to Humbo!!- < -. h <»i.,..,n. 
 
 ace. to Brandegee, Zoe, iv. 150. 
 
308 MALVACEAE. Napoea. 
 
 N. dioica !-■ Strong rooted perennial, roughish-pnbescent : stems nearly simple, 5 to 9 feet 
 high: leaves ample; radical often a foot or more in diameter, palmately 9-11-eleft and the 
 segments laciniate-pinuatifid into lanceolate incisely serrate lobes ; upper 5-7-cleft or -parted 
 into lanceolate or triangulate-acuminate incisely serrate divisions or lobes : flowers small, 
 numerous in umbellate clusters forming terminal corymbs : petals white : carpels smoothish, 
 at maturity surpassing the calyx. — Spec. ii. 686. N. scabra, L. Mant. ii. 435 ; Lam. 111. t. 
 579, f. 2. Sida dioica, Cav. Diss. t. 132, f. 2; Pursh, Fl. ii. 453; DC. I'rodr. i. 466; Torr. 
 & Gray, Fl. i. 234, 681. — Limestone valleys of the AUeghauies, Pennsylvania to Virginia; 
 also rich bottom lands, ( )hio and Illinois ; ^ not common, but is in cultivation ; fl. summer. 
 7. MALVASTRUM, Gray. False Mallow, as the name (coined by 
 
 De Candolle for a group which also inchides all true MuIvcb) may denote. — PI. 
 
 Fendl. 21, Gen. 111. ii. 59, 1. 121, 122, & Bot. U. S. Expl. Exped. 14G ; Benth. & 
 
 Hook. Gen. i. 201.^ — Large genus of herbs and uudershrubs, American and 
 
 some S. African, of various habit. 
 
 * Peduncles or at least the earlier ones long and slender, 1-flowered : petals rose-color or 
 white : calyx involucellate by 3 slender bractlets : carpels orbicular, rugose, pointless : 
 annuals, not cauescent, usually with some hispid or hirsute spreading hairs. — Pedunculomi. 
 
 M. rotundifolium, Gray. Erect, a span to a foot high, hirsute or hispid, with simple 
 and stellate spreading hairs : leaves very long-petioled, reniform-orbicular, coarsely cren:.te, 
 obscurely or not at all lobed : flowers comparatively large : petals half inch long, rose-pur]de 
 commonly with a crimson blotch toward the base : carpels 40 or more, very flat, therel'oie 
 narrow on the back, rugose-reticulate; the thick axis with somewhat membranaceous-dilated 
 summit. — Proc. Am. Acad. vii. 333 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i 85.3 — Desert of the Colo- 
 rado, California and Arizona, from the Mohave southward, Coo/ier, Palmer, Janvier. 
 
 M.* exile, Gray.* Soon spreading or decumbent, short stellular-pubescent but often with 
 some longer spreading hairs : stems a span to 2 feet long, slender, branching : leaves usually 
 small, 5-7-lobed, and lobes commonly laciniate : flowers of different plants of two inter- 
 grading sorts, one chiefly pistillate with small white, roseate, or violet-purple petals (3 to 5 
 lines long), the other much larger, perfect and with petals violet-purple (6 to 10 lines long) : 
 carpels fewer and much smaller than in the preceding species, thicker and very strongly 
 rugose. — Bot. Ives Rep. 8, & Proc. Am. Acad. vii. 333 ; Brew. & Wats. 1. c.^ M. Porri/i, 
 Greene, Fl. Francis. 108 (form with larger and perfect flowers). — Sandy washes, Colorado 
 Desert with the preceding and north to Nevada and along the San Joaquin, California ; first 
 coll. by Parry, then by Newberry. 
 
 * * Peduncles short or none : petals yellow : calyx involucellate : pubescence of stem and 
 foliage close or appressed, in the earlier species more or less strigose, in the later subca- 
 nescent or cinereous. — Sidoides. 
 
 ■i— Annual, northern. 
 M. anglistum, Gray. Erect and low (a foot or less high), with spreading branches : 
 leaves lanceolate, inch or so long, denticulate, nearly glabrous to the naked eye, 1 -nerved 
 and with a pair of obscure basal veins, short-petioled : flowers solitary or glomerate in the 
 axils: bractlets of involucel and stipules setaceous : calyx angulate, accrescent (in age half 
 inch broad), with short and broad triangular lobes: petals little surpassing the calyx : car- 
 pels 5 or 6, thin-chartaceous at maturity, reniform, pointless, puberulent, smooth, at length 2- 
 valved. PI. Fendl. 22, & Man. ed. 5, 101. Sida hispida. Hook. Jour. Bot. i. 198, perhaps 
 
 1 Also northward to Minnesota, Laphnm, Samlberg, ace. to Upham, 
 
 2 Add lit. Grav, Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 288, E. G. Baker, Jour. Bot. xxix. 104. With regard to 
 the doubtful S. African Afaheopsis. Presl, to which Kuntze (Rev. Gen. i. 72) has uncritically reduced 
 Malvastrum, see Baker, 1. c. xxxii. 38. 
 
 8 Add syn. and lit. Mnlveopsis rvtundifolin, Kuntze, 1. c; Coville, Contrib. U. S. Nat, Herb, 
 iv. 74. 
 
 4 The description of this species has been amplified to show more clearly the polygamous nature 
 of the flowers. 
 
 6 Add syn. ^fall•eopsis exilis, Kuntze, 1. c. 
 
Malvastrum. M A L\' A( ' K .K. 309 
 
 Ell. Sk. ii. 159, hanlly Piirsli, Fl. ii. 4.'J2.i — (iravi-liy aii<l rorky liill** aii<I »«uikK. Ntuthville, 
 Tennessee (not seen farther east), and along llie MisMinsijipi fn»ni Si. lyouis northwanl, wi-^i 
 to Kansas; H. late .summer. 
 
 -1— ■\— Cliiefiy perennial, sulitrtjjiical : |>ulie.sten<e not Icpiilotc-mcihui 
 
 M. Rugelii, Watsox. Suffruticose, a yanl iiigli, l>raniliing : btcms mrif^oho witli i'-4 ri\.<l 
 close hairs : leaves deltoid-ovate to oldonj,', inch or two long, rather long-|H>(iolid, connM-lv 
 and irregularly serrate, s|)arsely anil minutely putie.scent, siraight-veined : llowtn* M-iwile or 
 nearly so in the axils and sulnajjitate at the ends of the l)ranihe8 ; ImutletM of invo|nci-l 
 suhulate : ealyx-lohes from triangular-ovate to short-acuminate, shorter than the onuigc- 
 yellow j)etals : mature carjiels al)out 15, depressed-reniform, nmcli compresw-d, hii^iiidulouH 
 above, j)ointless or with an ohscure point hehiml the inliexed ai)ex. — I'pk-. Am. Acad. xvii. 
 367, witiiout the synonymy ; Chapm. Fl. ed. 2, G08. Malra srt,/,<niii, .Jac(j Collect i. 59, & 
 Ic. Har. t. i;39, not L'ller. M. corrhori/olia, Desr. in Lam. Diet. iii. 755 (good specif, name). 
 M. Americaiiii, var., Shuttl. in distr. ])1. Kugel, no. 9(1. — S. Floriihi, Jiui/tl, G'arier, Curtim, 
 dist. by tlie latter as Melochia seirata ; perliaps introduced. (San Domingo, &c.) 
 
 M. tricuspidatum, Okay. SufTmtescent or northwardly only annual, a f<Kjt or yard 
 high, freely liranching, strigose witii mostly 2-rayed (i. e. medifixeil) or some 3-rayed and 
 some simple hairs : leaves slender-jjetioled, from round-ovate or suhconlatc to ovate-oldong, 
 irregularly and tliickly serrate, larger obscurely 3-lobed, numerously straight-veined : fiowirs 
 mostly solitary in the axils, mostly surpas.sed by the j)etioles : j)ctals liriglit yellow (exjiand- 
 ing ouly at midday), exceeding the calyx: carpels 8 to 11, dc|iressed and conduplicate- 
 reuiform, hirsute at summit, bearing an awn-like cusp just back of the inHexeil apex (splitting 
 into two in dehiscence) and a p.air of short and blunt ones on the back. — 1*1. Wright, i. If>, 
 & Bot. U. S. Expl. Exped. 148 ; Griseb. Fl. W. Ind. 72. M. curplnifolinm, Gray, I'l. Feudl. 
 22, a mistake. Maica Coromandelimui, L. Spec. ii. 687, but not native to India. M. Irims- 
 jiidatn, Ait. f. Kew. ed. 2, iv. 210; DC. Proilr. i. 430. M. Americnmi, Cav. Dis.-*. ii. 80, t. 22. 
 f. 2, not L. M. sitbhastata, Cav. 1. c. 72, t. 21, f. 3. ^f. Dotniin/ttisis, Spreng. in DC. 1 c. 
 431. M. Lindlieimeriana, Scheele, Linmea, xxi. 470 {Mdlinstnim I.iinlhrimirianum, Walp. 
 Ann. ii. 153). Sida hracteolata & 5. carjilnuidcs, DC. I.e. 460, 461.'- — Texivs and Florida; 
 also a ballast-weed farther north. (Trop. Amer. and nat. on most trop. shores.) 
 
 M. SCOparium, Gray. Frutescent, with minute stellnlar-canescent and no strigose pnlies- 
 cciice : loaves ovate or deltoid-ovate, or subcordate, acutely serrate, with few pairs of stniight 
 veins : flowers sessile or nearly so in the axils and subspicate at ends of bramhes : caly.x 
 finely canescent, with ovate lobes obtuse or barely acute : mature carpels canescently puites- 
 cent at depressed top, bearing a pair of conical tubercles on the back, but no aj)ical cusj) or 
 a mere vestige. — Bot. U. S. Expl Exped. 147. Malm srojxtria. L'ller. Stirp. Nov. t. 27; 
 ? Cav. Diss. t. 21, f. 4. — Mountains south of Tucson, Arizona, Priuijlc (distr. as .1/. Iricu»/>i- 
 datum). Parish. (Mex., S. Am.) 
 
 M. spicatum, Gray. Frutescent, pubescent, not strigose, 2 or 3 feet high : leaves dell.. id- 
 ovate, crenate-serrate, rarely obscurely lol)ed, more sjiarsely-veincd. larger 5-rit)lK-il at h:\sc, 
 slender-petioled : flowers mainly in terminal heads or at length cylindrical spikes: calyx 
 barbately hirsute or hi.spid ; the lobes acuminate : mature car|)els i!e|)res.sed-renif<>rni, hirsute 
 at top, pointless, tlie inflexed apex rostrately extended. — I'l. Fendl. 22. M. Americanum, 
 Terr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 38. Maira spirata, L. Spec. ed. 2, ii. 967. M. Americana, L. Sjkm?. 
 ii. 687, as tcj syn. Breyn. Cent. 124, t. 57. M. spirnta, nratn, & poli/starl,i/u, Cav. Diss. t. 20, 
 f. 2, 4, & t. 138, f. 3.3— S. Texas, on the lower Bio Grande. Scliotl. Intr.Kluce.i at Apalachi- 
 cola, Florida, Chainnan. (Mex., Trop. Am., and now di.spersed thnnigli tro|.ics.) 
 ^— H— ^— Warm-temperate perennial, cinereous with lepidote-stellular very short pubes- 
 cence : flowers solitary and subsessile in upper axils, foliaceous-involucellate. 
 
 M. Wrightii, Ghat. A foot or two high : rigid stems a.scending from a lit'nes<-ont ki.«o. 
 sparingly branched: leaves from subcordate-oval to oblong, obtuse, ruber carscly H-rnite 
 and .slender-petioled : bractlets of tlie involucel ovate or sul>cor.late. adnato to ba.-^' of cjilyx 
 
 1 Add syn. ^ftllvenpsIg hifplda, Kimtze. I. c. 
 
 ^ Adi\ syn. ^falvastrum coroinandelianuin, Gnrcke, Bonpl.uidia, v. '2'''- 1/ ..•. .>..,. i. .,,,-;.•,.«.. 
 Kuntze, 1. c. 
 
 * Add syn. Malveopgis spicnta, Ktmtze, I. c. 
 
310 MALVACEAE. Malcastrum. 
 
 and more or less surpassed by the ovate-acumiuate calyx-lobes : petals half inch long : car- 
 pels 15 to 20, firiu-L-oriaceous, much compressed, brownisli red at maturity, smooth, the 
 narrow back tiat witli acutish angles, hirsute at top, where it is dorsally 2-gibbous and ven- 
 trally subulate-aristate or pointed. — Tl. Fendl. 21, I'l. Lindh. pt. 2, 160, & Gen. 111. ii. 60, 
 t. 122. Malra aurantiaca, Scheele, 1. c. 469, tiierefore Mu/vustrum uuruntiacum, Walp. Ann. 
 ii. 153.1 — Mesquit soil, Texas, Drummond, Wright, Lindheimer, &c. ; fl. summer. 
 * * * Peduncles or pedicels short : petals scarlet, copper-colored or sometimes rose- 
 colored : carpels wholly pointless : iuvolucel of 2 or 3 very slender or rarely ovate bract- 
 lets, often deciduous, or obsolete. — Sphieralceoides. Western perennials, some shrubby, 
 canescent or tomentose with many-rayed stellular pubescence. 
 -1— Pubescence wholly lepidote and silvery, i. e. of peltate scales fringed with very many 
 short hairs, indistinguishable except with a good lens : leaves very narrow. 
 M. leptoph^llum, Gr.\t. a foot or le.ss high from lignescent base and stock; stems very 
 numerous, erect or ascending, slender : lower leaves sliort-ix'tioliHl and 3-parted or -divided 
 into narrow linear divisions; upper simple and sessik>, mostly filiform: flowers few and 
 racemose at summit : petals copper-red, less than half inch long: fruit depressed-globular, 
 slightly surpassing the triangular calyx-lobes; carpels 9 or 10, tomentulose, thickish and 
 rounded on the back, sides coarsely and .strongly reticulated. — PI. Wright, i. 17, ii. 20.^ — 
 S. W. Texas and New Mexico, Wright, Thurbv.r, &c., to S. Utah, Mrs. Thompson. 
 ■i— -i— Stem and leaves (at least on the lower surface) canesceut-tomento.se with short pu- 
 bescence : calyx and rather narrow lanceolate to linear iuvolucellate bractlets hirsute or 
 villous : leaves roundish or obscurely lobed, obtusely dentate or crenate : carpels subor- 
 bicular, tliiu-walled and promptly 2-valved at maturity, smooth or when young tomentose. 
 ]y[.* Palmeri, Watson.' Herbaceous stem stout, equably leafy to summit : leaves 2 or 3 
 inches long, covered on both surfaces with short and persistent stellate tonientum ; the base 
 truncate or subcordate ; petioles long : flowers few and sessile in a capitate cluster at the 
 summit of a terminal peduncle, foliaceous-bracteate : calyx-lobes ovate-lancenlate, attenuate, 
 5 lines in length, with the linear little shorter iuvolucellate bractlets soft-hirsute : petals 
 inch long, light rose-color. — Proc. Am. Acad. xii. 250, & Bot. Calif, ii. 437. — San Luis 
 Obispo Co., California, at Cambria, a mile from the beach, Palmer. A peculiar species. 
 
 M.* involucratum, Eobinson, n. sp. Branches terete, finely stellate-pubescent : leaves 
 thickish, rugulose and soon wholly glabrate above, a little paler and finely stellate-pu])escent 
 beneath, 3-lobed and crenate, cordate at the base with a shallow mostly narrow sinus ; lobes 
 obtuse or rounded ; petioles 6 lines to inch and a half long : flowers smaller than in the last 
 preceding species, densely capitate ; heads terminal, solitary, involucrate with several l)road 
 sessile ovate or oblong acute or obtusish bracts ; bractlets 3, lanceolate : calyx half inch in 
 length ; segments ovate, acuminate, 2^ to 3 lines long : corolla pale purple or white, 10 lines 
 in length : carpels about 10. — California, at .Tolon, Brandegee (herb. Gray), and between 
 Jolon and King City, Miss Eastirood (herb. Calif. Acad. Sci.). An interesting species (pre- 
 sumably of restricted range), with habit of the preceding but different foliage and smaller 
 flowers. 
 
 M. densiflorum, Watsox. Two or three feet high, suffnitescent below : leaves round- 
 cordate, tomentose on both surfaces, inch or more in diameter, rather long-petioled : flowers 
 numerous in sessile heads along the naked summit of the branches, distant or approximate 
 in an interrupted spike : calyx with ovate at length attenuate-acuminate teeth and along 
 with slender bractlets and whole inflorescence hispidly hirsute with slender spreading hairs : 
 petals half inch long, ro.se-red : carpels glabrous. — Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 368. — S. Cali- 
 fornia, near San Jacinto Mountains in the Colorado Desert, Parish, and San Juan Capi.s- 
 trano, Nevin. 
 
 -)— -t— -I— Foliage and carpels of the last division : bractlets of the involucels broad, ovate, 
 acuminate, .stellate-tomentulose but not hirsute nor villous. 
 
 1 Add syn. Malveopsis aurantiaca, Knntze, 1. c. 
 
 2 .Add sjTi. Malveopsis leptophylla, Kuntze, 1. c. 
 
 8 The description of this plant has been modilied to exclude more clearly the next following nearly 
 related but quite distinct species. 
 
Malvastrum. MALVACKJ:. 311 
 
 M.* aboriginum, Kouinson, n. !«i». Hhhk hes cnvinil witli a Hoft whiu< fi-lt<<l loiiiinttiiii : 
 leaves l)ri>;iilly uvatc, rordate witli a shallow ati<l narrow fiiiiiH, olttum*. •'i-5-lolie<| aii<i cn-tiatc- 
 dentate, ineli ami a half in lenj^th, somewhat i>roailer, ruj;tiloi.eal>»jve,Manelyimler bt-neatli, 
 borne on petioles of nearly their own lerif^th : (lowers sessile, gluinerute in the U|)|ier axiU 
 and above forminj; elongated Hexuous almost naked interrujited terminal inrtorem-c*nce« : 
 bractlets of the involiuel ."J, ovate, 4 to 5 lines in li-ngth, '\ to :\\ lines in breadth, s^iinetinieH 
 slightly connate at the base: ealyx short and strongly iilicate-angbd, ('aneM■lMlt-^•mentll• 
 lose; segments broader than long, abrujitly acuminate : carjnds about H. — Indian Valb-y. 
 California, Mrs. M. K. Currun, June, 1885 (herl). Calif. Acad. Sci.). Well chara<teri/.e<l 
 among American species by its broad bractlets, which, however, occur in Wiine Sjuth Afri- 
 can congeners. 
 
 4— -)— -I— H— Herbage and calyx densely stellate-tomentoso ; no hirsute haim : involuc<>nat« 
 bractlets more naked, filiform, rather deciduous : carjtels oval with e.\ci»c<l insertion, thin- 
 walled, at length smooth, pnjmptly 2-valved : leaves rounded, obscurely lobcd, rather short- 
 petioled, thickish : stems robust, 2 or 3 or even 6 to 8 feet high. 
 
 M. marrubioides, Durand & Hiluard. Suffruticose ? 2 or 3 feet high, ronghish with 
 sliort-rayed tomeutose pubescence : leaves broadly ovate, rarely suln-onlate, irregularly 
 and often sharply dentate, inch or two long, or uppermost smaller: flowers sulwessile in 
 short subsessile axillary clusters: calyx-lolies long-attenuate or caudate-acuminate from 
 an ovate base, at length half inch long : petals over half inch long, ro.xe-color. — Jour. Acad. 
 Philad. ser. 2, iii. 38, & Pacif. R. Kep. v. 6, t. 2 ; Brew. & Wats. Hot. Calif, i. 8.-) ; (Jray. 
 Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 290. M.foliosum, Wats. ibid. xx. 356.' — California, near Millerton 
 on the upper San Joaquin, Ileermann ; also Santo Thomas, northern borders of I><jwer Cali- 
 fornia, Orrutt, 1S84. 
 
 Var. paniculatum, Gray, 1. c. Less canescent : flowers copious in loo.«*e somctimefl 
 slender-pedunculate panicles, some rather slender-pedicellate. — Nortiicrn jtart of Lower 
 California, at All Saints' Bay, Orcult, 1886. 
 
 M.* Fremontii, Tokr.^ Shrubby below, 4 to 8 feet high, densely soft-toment. M^e with 
 longer-raved stellular pubescence: leaves pentagonal or roundish, shallowly or scarcely at 
 all cordate, crenate-toothed, the larger 3 inches broad : flowers in axillary-sessile or short- 
 pedunculate clusters, at summit of stem interrupted-spicate : calyx densely lanate-toment«.«m, 
 the short triangular acute lobes 2 to 2^ lines long, nuu-ronate with a more naked tip: 
 "flowers rose-scented; petals rose-color," hardly half inch long. — Torr. in tJray. I'l. Fendl. 
 21.8 Spha:ra/cea Lindheimeri, Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 86, as to Calif, jd , not (Jray, the 
 resemblance superficial. — Mountains of California, from San Bernardino Co., Parish, to 
 Calaveras Co., Rdltnn ; first coll. by Fremont, next by Brewfr. 
 
 Var.* cercophorum, Kouinson, n. var. Calyx much longer, 7 to 8 lines in length ; 
 the lance-linear divisions caudate-attenuate, equalling or nearly equalling the petals.— 
 Arrovo del Valle, Alameda Co., California, coll. P»o/. E. L. Greene, 14 June, 1895 (herb. 
 Tniv' of Calif.). 
 
 M.* arcuatum, Robinson, n. comb. Shrub with long subsimple terete branches covered 
 with a dense white felted tomentum : leaves ovate, petiolate, ol)tu.se or rounded at the Imisc, 
 deeply crenate but scarcely or not at all lol)ed, thickish and very rugose, sihju gn'en above 
 but densely canescent-tomentose beneath : flowers .«essile in the u|)per axils and forming at 
 the ends of the branches long interruptedly spicate unilateral inflorescences ; liractlets linenr- 
 filiform, equalling the calyx : this soft tomentose but l>y no means so densely w.ndly as in the 
 hist preceding species : petals roseate, three fourths inch long: young carjnds denwdy tomen- 
 tose. — Malveopsis arcuutn, Greene, Man. Hay-Reg. 66. Muhnstruiit tiKirnihioidrf, (;n>enc. 
 Fl. Francis. 109, not Dur. & Hilg. — California, "eastern .slopes of the Coast Range back of 
 Belmont." A species to be recognized by its ])eculiar very rugose ovate not |)entagonal 
 leaves. 
 
 1 Add syn. ^falveop»is tnavrubioirlfS, Kuntze. 1. c. 
 
 2 The description of this species has been .xlightly modilied to exclude more clearly (he next (>'\- 
 lowing. 
 
 3 Add syn. Afalvcopfis /■'nmnnli, Greene, Erythea. i. 171. 
 
322 MALVACEAE. Malvustrum. 
 
 .,_ ^_ ^_ ^_ 4_ Herbage and calyx canesceut with close ami fine stellular pubescence, no 
 
 hispid or hirsute hairiness : involucellate bractlets small aud mostly deciiluous. 
 ++ Frutescent or truly shrubby : leaves barely lobed : carpels in age glabrous or nearly so, 
 
 smooth, thin-walled, 2-valved. 
 
 — Flowers glomerate-spicate to racemose-paniculate : buds acutish. 
 M.* Davidsonii Kobinson, n. sp. Tall shrub or small tree " six to fifteen feet in height," 
 braiichlets stout, fiexuous : leaves thickisii, but not rugose, rather large, 2 to 3 indies in 
 diameter, deeply cordate with nai-row sinus, 5-augled or shallowly 5-lobed, varying to 3-lobed, 
 irregularlv dentate, covered on both sides (as are the brauclilets and petioles) witli copious 
 loose wiiitish stellate tomentum : flowers numerous, clustered in or shortly racemose from 
 the upper axils and also forming dense rather stiff sub-spicate terminal inflorescences : 
 bractlets considerably shorter than the calyx : calyx-segments canescent-tomentose and with- 
 out more naked nmcronate tips, euervose or faintly 1-nerved : petals rose-purple, half to 
 three fourths inch long: carpels stellate-tomentose above. — 31. sjilendidum, Davidson, 
 Erythea, iv. 68, not Kell. — Sandy soil, S. California from the Coast Mts. of Los Angeles 
 Co., where coll! in San Fernando Valley, 1895, by Dr. A. Davidson (who first distinguished 
 the species from M. Fremontii), and earlier at Big Tajungo by Lijon, to Antelope Valley, 
 Parish, no. 1955, and Bear Valley, San Bernardino Co., Parish, Aug. 1879, the earliest col- 
 lection. The last two specimens have leaves witli more rounded lobes. This species, here- 
 tofore referred to M. Fremontii, differs from it in its less densely tomentose calyx, shorter 
 bractlets and deeply cordate leaves. Its obsoletely nerved calyx and some other characters 
 argue for its distinctness from the still somewhat obscure M. splendidum, Kellogg. 
 M. Thurberi Gray. Stems 3 to 15 feet high, with the woody base often an inch or more 
 tliick: ])ubesccnce all very short and close, almost scurfy: leaves roundish, mostly subcor- 
 date, creuate, obscurely 3-5-lobed or some 3-cleft, inch or two in diameter, some larger : 
 flowers in sessile or short-ped uncled clusters, spicately or sometimes paniculately disposed on 
 virgate nearly naked branches, " fragrant " : calyx-lobes broadly ovate, obtuse aud with or 
 without a short point : petals about half inch long, rose-purple : carpels obovate-oval, very 
 like those of M. Fremontii. — PI. Thurb. 307 ; Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 85. Malva fnscirnlaia, 
 Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 225.1 — Dry hills, &c., S. California, from San Luis Obispo to 
 San Diego, and on the islands ; also east to Arizona ; first coll. by Xutta/I. (Sonora, Thurber.) 
 
 Var. laxiflorum, Gkay. Inflorescence somewhat loosely paniculate. — Proc. Am. 
 Acad. xxii. 291. M. splendidum, Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. i. 65; Brew. & Wats. 1. c, 
 but wrong carpels described.^ — Sierra Santa Monica to Los Angeles and to S. Utah, a 
 mere form of the species. 
 __ ^= Flowers chiefly terminal on the branchlets of a pyramidal and more or less fastigiate 
 
 panicle, not evidently racemose : buds obovate, very obtuse. 
 M.* nesioticum, Robinsox, n. sp. A much branched shrub ; branches canescent with a 
 minuter tomentum : leaves of firm texture, somewhat pentagonal, shallowly 3-5-lobed, when 
 well developed deeply and narrowly cordate, green and appearing smooth (yet minutely 
 stellate-pubescent) above, canescent beneath, rather short-petioled, often revulute at the 
 crenate or subentire margins: branches of the rather rigid panicle numerous, ascending: 
 calyx finely canescent-pubescent ; segments obtusish, not equalling the tube : bractlets a 
 third to half as long as the calyx : rose-purple petals 6 to 8 lines long. — J/. Thurberi, var. 
 laxiflorum, Grav, Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 291, in small part ; Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 
 ii. 392. — Island of Sta. Cruz, California, Greene, 1 886, Brandegee, 1 888. A doubtful species, 
 perhaps only an extreme form of the variable M. Thurberi, as regarded by Dr. Gray, but 
 with decidedly different foliage and inflorescence from any variety of the mainland as yet 
 seen. 
 ++ ++ Herbaceous, low, from running rootstocks : leaves pedately 3-5-parted or nearly 
 
 divided : carpels round-reniform, tomentulose-pubescent, reticulate-rugose, tardily and 
 
 incompletely dehiscent. 
 
 1 KM syn. Malvastrum fasciculatuvi, Greene, Fl. Francis. 108. Malveopsis fasciculata, Kuntze, 
 1. c. ; Greene, Man. Bay-Reg. 66. 
 
 2 Add syn. Malveopsis splendida, Kuntze, 1. c. 
 
Sphmralcea. MALVACK.E. 
 
 313 
 
 M. COCCineum, Gray. A span or two hiK»i. tufted, Bomewhat Milvcrv-caiiCM-cnt, the 
 I-iilMsceii. .- of til.- calyx looser, even somewhat villous : leaves ineh or l.-ss iii diameter ' the 
 cuj.tatf or iiarn.wer divisions mostly I'-M-.Iefl int.. spatnlale or linear 1..Ik-s tlowen. M.ort- 
 pedicelled, crow.led or at length looser in a terminal leafv-l.ase.l ra.eme : eah x1..»m-s lan.e.- 
 late-tnangular, in age ineurve.l over the fruit : petals cj-per-searlet or t.ri. kri-.| _ I'l Fendl 
 21, 24 (partly), I'l. Wright, i. 17 (with var. dUse.ium, whi.li is merely the m..^l narr..w-le«vwl 
 form), (Jen. 111. ii. t. 121. ^ Man. ed. 5. 101. M.,lvn rorri,,,,,. Suit.' in Knu.er. Cat.. & (i,,,. 
 n. 81. Cnslanu n.rcua, Pursh, Fl. ii. 453; Sims, But. Mag. t. ir.::j. >„/„ r.^riura \)V 
 Prodr, i. 465; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 108.1 .y. diBsrrta, Nutt. in Torr. & (iniv Fl i 215 • 
 Hook. & Am. Bot. Beech. .327, tho narrower-leaved form. - Plains from the S:u.katrhe*«n 
 and W. Iowa to W. Texas, thence west to S. Arizona and E. ()reg..n ;» first coll. I.y A'i///«// 
 A tall form with broad-lobed leaves has been called var.« elaUim, by E. G. Baker Jour 
 Bot. xxix. 171. ' ' ■ 
 
 Species of doubtful affinity, not seen by the editor. 
 M.* Orbiculatum, Ghkkne. " Suffrutescent, the stout, erect, and simple branches 2 t.. .1 
 feet high; whole jdant densely tomentose : leaves sh..rtpeti..h-d, 1 to 2 inches long an.l as 
 broad, the lower and smaller rouud-reniform, the n|)per orbicular, not even ol.scur.-lv h.l.ed 
 but coarsely creiiate, very obtuse or slightly retuse : flowers many, nearly sessile and dens<dv 
 glomerate in the axils of the upj.er leaves and at almost leafless" subterminal no<les : bract- 
 lets setaceous, much shorter than the lanceolate acuminate ileep calyxIol>es : con.lla deep 
 rose-color, 6 lines long or more: fruit unknown." — Fl. Francis. lO'J (whence de»cr.).— 
 "Mountains south of Tehachapi, Kern Co.," Calif., (,'ieene. 
 
 8. SPH-<ERALCEA, St. Hil. (Scjbaipa, a sphere, <i\K(a, a mallow, tlie 
 fruit comiiioiilj splierical.) — PI. Us. Bras. t. 52, & Fl. Hra.s. Mrri.l. i. 2U'.l ; 
 Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 69, t. 127, & Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 2'Jl ; Ik-iith. & Hook. 
 Gen. i. 294 (excl. Meliphlea, Zucc.).^ — Herbs or suffrutico.se plants (American 
 with one or two S. African), with habit of Malvastrum and Abutilon, founded on 
 S.Cisplatina of Buenos Ayres. The first division confluent with the sirond on 
 one hand, with Malvastrum on the other. 
 
 * Fruit usually more or less globose-depressed: ovules 1 or 2, the ujijier .>;el«l..m m.ituring: 
 mature carpels more or less reniform, tomentulo.se or glabrate, and with thin and snicK>lh 
 summit or upper half usually empty, at maturity directly .leci.Iuous from the axis, only 
 upper part bivalvular- or intror.se-dehiscent ; lower and seminiferous portion strongly and 
 firmly reticulated over the thin or diaphanous sides : pereunial herbs except perhajw the 
 first. 
 
 -I- Root simple, apparently winter-annual : short scarious summit t.f mature larpel inflexcd. 
 S. Coulteri, Gkay. Canescent on younger parts, when ol.ier rather loos(-ly stelIuIar-pulK»s- 
 cciit and becoming greenish: stems about a foot high, numerous, a.scending from the tap 
 root: leaves roundish-.subcordate, seldom inch long, (tb.scurely or more di.stinctiv 3-lol>e<l, 
 incisely or doubly crenate : flowers clustered in axils ami racemose at sununit, short|iedi- 
 celled: calyx barely 3 lines long : petals quarter or third inch long, orange scarlet : rar|K'ls 
 15 to 20, at maturity over a line long, flat, reniform in outline from the strong incurvation 
 of the quadrate-oblong scarious em])ty apex, 1-ovuled. the thin seminiferous Unly aliM» 
 scarious but strongly reticulated and as if fcnestr.ite throughout, the firm meshe?* dark 
 colored. — Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 291. S. Feiidlrri, Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 39. mainly. 
 Malvastrum Coulleri, Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. xi. 125; Brew. & Wat,««. B..t. Calif, i. 85 (thin 
 projection within carpel not found).* — W. Arizona, on and near the Cila, first coll. by Th. 
 
 1 Add syn. Malveopm coccinen, Kuntzc. 1. c. 
 
 2 Northwest to Kamloops Lake, Brit. Culiinibia, ace. to J. M. Macoun. 
 8 Add K. G. Baker, Jour. Bot. xxxi. .'tOI. 
 
 * Add Pvn. .}falvtopsis mullijiorum, Greene, Fl. Francis. 1(19. Mulvtoptit CnulUri, Kuntzr, Rrr 
 Gen. i. 72. " 
 
314 MALVACE^. Sphceralcea. 
 
 Coulter, then by Schott, Lemmon, &c. ; common at Maricopa, Gray &, Farloir.^ Oue of the 
 transitions to Malvastnim. 
 
 ^- -I- Perennial (?) with carpels almost as in Malvustrum, reniform, uniovulate, deeply 
 reticulate upon the sides ; the upper sterile portion relatively minute and inconspicuous, 
 incurved, muticous. 
 S*(?) Orciittii, Rose. Finely tomentose and canescent throughout, 2 to 3 feet high, 
 branched above': leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, slightly 3-lobed ; lobes broad and rounded, 
 barely crenulate or entire, the middle one much the longest, the basal sometimes obscure : 
 flowe'rs small, closelv grouped in and shortly racemose from the upper axils, becoming at 
 the summits of the brandies interruptedly subspicate : calyx about 21 to 3 lines in length : 
 corolla 4 lines long, vermilion, drying purplish: carpels in a depressed-globose stellate- 
 pubescent head, not much over a line in length. — Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. i. 289.— Near 
 Canso Creek in the Colorado Desert, California, Orctttt. An anomalous species, which, 
 except for its obvious affinities to several Sphceralcece, could with equal propriety be referred 
 to Malvustrum. 
 
 ^ ^ J^^ Perennials, mostly with lignescent roots : upper and mostly empty thin and 
 smooth half of mature carpel moderately incurved or erect : species of difficult discrimi- 
 nation, at least without mature fruit. 
 ++ Leaves all or mainly palmately or pedately parted : mature carpels very blunt, rarely 
 witli an obscure mucro', occasionally 2-seeded : petals brick-red or orange-scarlet. 
 S. pedatifida, Gray. Cinereous-puberulent or stellular-hirsutulous, a foot or two high: 
 "stems slender,' often loosely branched: leaves with linear or when wider with pinnately 
 lobed divisions : petals quarter to half inch long : mature carpels strongly rugose or even 
 tuberculate on the back, barelv 2 lines long. — Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 291. Malvastrum 
 pedalijidum, Grav, PI. Lindh. 'pt- 2, 160, PI. Wright, i. 17, & ii. 20. Sidakea atacosa, 
 Buckley, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, 449. — On the Rio Grande from El Paso downward, and 
 at San Antonio, S. Texas ; first coll. by Wright. (Adj. Mex.) 
 S. pedata, Torr. Silvery-canescent with very short and soft stellular pubescence, a span 
 to 2 feet high, rather stout : leaves with cuneate and incisely lobed divisions (sometimes nar- 
 rower) : petals half inch to almost inch long : mature carpels nearly of the preceding but 
 obscurely rugose or reticulated on the back. — Torr. in Gray, PI Fendl. 23, & PI. Wright, i. 
 17 (name only); Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 291. Sida grossularnefolia, Hook. & Am. 
 Bot. Beech. 326 ; therefore Malvastrum grossularuefolium, Gray, PI. Fendl. 21. M. cocciveum, 
 Grav, 1. c, partly (no. 81), & PI. Wright, i. 16. ? M. coccineum. var. grossulario'fotium,^ and 
 some'of SphmraJcea Emori/i, Wats. Bot. King Exp. 47, 48. — W. borders of Texas and New 
 Mexico to S. Arizona and N. W. Nevada ; first coll. by Fremont. Smaller forms much 
 resembling Malvastrum coccineum, except in the fruit. Malva Creeana, Graham, Bot. M.ng. 
 t. 3698, if N. American, probably came from this, perhaps through hybridization with some- 
 thing else. Passes into 
 
 Var. angustiloba, Gray, with divisions of the leaves linear or narrowly oblanceolate 
 and entire. — Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 292. Malvastrum coccineum, var. 1 Gray, PI. Wright. 
 i. 17. — W. Texas to Arizona, Wright, Schott, &c. 
 
 ++ ++ Leaves undivided, at most obtusely S-.'S-lobed, roundish, mostly cordate. 
 
 = Canescent, even on the calyx, with short and close stellular pubescence, not lanate- 
 
 tomentose : carpels wholly muticous, subcoriaceous on the back to the rounded summit, 
 
 within fully half smooth and thin. 
 
 S. Munroana, Spach. Leafy to the top, a foot or two high, minutely canescent : leaves 
 
 crenately toothed or sometimes incised : inflorescence mo.stly thyrsoid-glomerate : petals red 
 
 (usually scarlet, but sometimes rose-red), only half inch long: calyx 2 or 3 lines long, not 
 
 surpassing the depressed fruit: mature carpels only a line or two long, oval-reniform. — 
 
 1 Also W. Max., Palmer, Hartman. 
 
 2 Some of Dr. Watson's specimens from the Himiboldt Mts., Nevada (no. 106, in part), have much 
 larger flowers (calyx-lobes 5 lines in lenRtli), and arc prol)ably distinct, yet in default of fruit even 
 their generic affinities are somewhat doubtful. 
 
Sphceralcea. M AI.VACK.K. 315 
 
 Hist. Veg. iii. 353; Gray, Proc. Am. Ac-ad. xxii. 292. Malta Munroana, IViugl. in LiucIL 
 Bot. Keg. t. l.JOO; llouk. Bot. Mag. t. ;J5.J7. & Fl. Bor.-Aiii. i. UMJ. .\utt,ill,a Munroana. 
 Nutt. Juiir. Acad. I'hilad. vii. IG. .)Jiiliiislnim Muunxnntm, (iniy. 1*1. Ffiidl. 21 (excl. Mtii ( ; 
 Wat.s. Hot. Kiiii,' Kxp. 47, partly.! — l)r> |,i;,i„.s i„u.ri,,r of Hril Coliimliia uiu»t U. Idaho, 
 .«(>utli tliroiigli Nevaihi and Llali jiL-rliaps to Nt-w M»-xit<. and Arizona i'' firet coll. by 
 
 S. ambigua, (Ik.vy. Lc.*;s leafy, a foot to a yard liinl'. lonientuloMM-aneitcent : leaven 
 CTonnlatf tooilnil : inflorfsceme iikIVi- raccniiforni : petals roHonolor. varying to whiti-, half 
 inch to incii \o\\<i : talyx 4 to 6 lim-M long, with a»ute or acumiiiato hihc* Kurpaiwing 
 the moderately depres.sed fruit: carjiolM reniforui-oldong, cuniinonly 3 lin«>!i long (dt-ciduotia 
 and free at maturity). — Troo. Am. Acad. xxii. 2'J2. >'. Kmnnji, (iray, Bot. lv«» Hi-p. 
 8; Wat.s. 1. c. ])artly ; * not Ciray, I'l. Fendl. & I'l. Wright. — Arid plairn*. Ac, Arijuiua, 
 Nevada (the earliest collectors, Newbtrrij, J'ulmer, &c.) to S. California, Thurber, Xtrin, 
 Clerelund.* 
 S. suLi'iiiRKA, Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. xi. 113, 125, of Guadaloupo IMand off I>.wcr 
 
 California, is a peculiar pale yellow-flowered species of this division, with hahit of the original 
 
 ^'. Cisplatinu, St. Ilil. 
 
 = := Densely tomeutose : the leaves pannuse and calyx thickly woolly. 
 
 S. Lindheimeri, Gray. Stems decumbent, a foot or two hmg : leaves round-cordate 
 (larger 2 inches long), very ol)Scurcly if at all lohed, irregularly or douldy crcnate : HoMi-m 
 more or less racemose at the ends of branches : calyx nearly half inch long: corolla rom- red. 
 the petals half inch long: mature car])els glabrous, oblong-rcniforni, much comprc«.Md. 2 
 lines long, narrowed in tlic middle; lower half strongly reticulate ruf^o.sc ; (*mo«'th up|H-r 
 half similarly rounded, commonly empty: ovules 2 or 3. — I'l. Lindli. jit. 2, 102; Wat*. 
 Bot. King Exp. 48, excl. syn. ; not Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 80.— Prairies of S. Texan, 
 Berlandier, Lindheimer. (Adj. Mex.) 
 
 ++++++ Leaves undivided, more or loss lanceolate, not rarely subhastately 3 IoIkhI : 
 pubescence close, cane.scent. 
 
 S. hastuldta, Gray, a span to a foot high, with a.«cending stems leafy to the top: leaver* 
 slender-ijetioled, inch or two long, obscurely toothed or entire on the margin, some lanci-iv 
 late or oblong with cuneate or truncate ba.se, some with a jiair of short either aj«cending or 
 diverging lobes near the base, rarely with broader subcordate b.x<ie : flowers few, mostly 
 slender-pedicelled : petals orange-rod. half inch long: c.ilyx with triangnlar-lance<date loU>« 
 surpassing the slightly depro.s.sed fnuit : mature cari)els 3 lines long, ovate and w ith deep 
 reniform ventral excision, tipped with small deciduous cusp, often 2-s<'e<led, the sniiMitli 
 upper longer than the rugose-reticulated lower portion. — PI. Wright, i. I", & ii. 21 ; Watj«. 
 Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 331. — S. Texas and New Mexico; first coll. by lirrhindirr. (Adj. 
 Mex.) 
 
 S.* SUbhastAta, Coii.ter. Mudi like the last preceding species but usually lower and 
 frutesceiit : leaves smaller, thicker, very rugose an<l with somewhat coarser toinentnm : 
 flowers few, borne in the upper axils, somewhat smaller and more fleeply colonel th:ui in the 
 preceding: pedicels mo.stly only a line or two long: carp«'ls (.ice. to Coulter) without any 
 cu.sp at the tip. — Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. i. 32. ii. .38.— W. Texas. r/,;rUr, Il,„„r,l, 
 Nenllf'i/; ? Mimbres Mts., New Mexico. HV(V//i/ ; Arizona, Toumnj. (.\ form from Coaliuila, 
 Pn/mer, scarcely differs except in its larger Howers.) 
 
 * * Fruit little or not at all depressed: carpels 2-3-ovulate. l-3soeded. mostly oblong ami 
 with some ventral excision, di.sposed to dors.il Jis well a.s ventral ilehi.Hcence. after fie|iani- 
 
 1 Add syn. Mnlveopsls \fnnronnn, Kiintzc, Rev. (Jen. i. 72. 
 
 2 Also Laramie, Wvomine, A. \il.i<>n. 
 
 . 8 Add syn. .S. Fmoryl, Rrew. & Wats. Rot. Talif. 1.80; Greonp, Fl. Fr»nri». 1 10 (oxrl. »yn ). 
 s! }fonro„na, Poville, Contrib. V. S. Nat. Herb. iv. 74. as lo no. (1.14. apin-nr* hIm, I.. U- .s" .m^.y-rt. 
 ^ Mr. S. R. Parish of San Rernanlino. California. ha« calK-d attention to tho fart that ibrrr i. • 
 pnrpl.'-flowerpd form of .S. nmhifjttn at Palm Sprinir*. S. t'alifoniin. The !.pocir« aUo .hown ron«i.lrr. 
 able variation in the size of flowers, density of inrton'f.crnre, nhape and pidw^cnc* of leave*. Hut 
 these distinctions cannot as yet be correlated for a satisfactory specific or even varietal »ubdiviMon. 
 
316 MALVACEAE. Sphceralcea. 
 
 tion from the axis cohering by their sides and lield by a short thiwui which at length 
 
 coninioulv peels off from the base of the dorsal suture (and when detached sometimes goes 
 
 with the carpel, sometimes is left on the receptacle) : perennial lierbs. 
 -t— Carpels canescent or glabrate on the back : leaves comparatively small, not maple-like. 
 ++ Lanceolate to linear, not lobed, rarely even incised, short-petioled. 
 S. angustifolia, Don. Subcauescent with somewhat scurfy pubescence, 2 to 5 feet high, 
 verv leafy tiirougliout : leaves 2 to 5 inches long, .quarter to full inch wide, thickly and 
 irreo-ulariv crenulate, lower occasionally subhastately incised near base: flowers clustered 
 and short-pedicelled in most axils of the branches : petals rose-red, iialf to tliree fourths iiuii 
 long: calyx little surpassing the globose umbilicate fruit: mature carpels in the typical 
 species oblong, 2 lines or more long, rounded at summit, thiunish and smooth throughout, 
 or basal portion verv slightly rugulose. — Syst. i. 465; Spach, Hist. Veg. iii. 353; Benth. 
 PI. Hartw. 7; Grav.Pl. Fendl. 23, & PI. Wriglit. i. 21 ; Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 331. 
 Malva angustifolia, Cav. Diss. ii. 64, t. 20, f. 3, & Ic. t. 68 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2839. 
 Sphm-oma angustifoUum, Schlecht. Linnaa, xi. 353. (Only Mexican.) 
 
 Var.* violaicea, J. B. Davy. Leaves somewhat narrower: petals violet-purple: 
 carpels (as in the type) destitute of mucros. — Erythea, iii. US. — Banks of the Kio Grande 
 at Painted Cave. Texas, J. Burtt Davy, no. 36. 
 
 Var. CUSpidata, Gray. Leaves mostly smaller and narrower: petals quarter to 
 tliird inch long, red : carpels narrower, tipped with an erect cusp or nmcro (sometimes very 
 short or partly deciduous, sometimes a persistent awn of a line in length, divided into two 
 at dehiscence), the short basal portion below the excLsion either slightly or conspicuously 
 rugose-reticulated on the sides. — Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 293. *S. stellata, Torr. & (iray, 
 FL i. 228. S. angustifolia, var.. Gray, PI. Wright. 1. c. ; Wats. 1. c. Sida steUata, Torr. Ann. 
 Lye. N. Y. ii. 171. — Texas to Arizona and S. Colorado ; i first coll. by James. (Adj. Mex.) 
 ++ ++ Leaves of oblong or roundish outline, often cordate, mostly 3-5-lobed, sometimes 
 
 more dissected: cusps of the carpels directed more or less outwardly. 
 
 = Leaves thickish, rugose and undulate : carpels not at all rugose-reticulated. 
 S. Emoryi, Torr. A foot or two high, stout, suffrutescent, branching, leafy to top, and 
 with mostly axillary subsessile flowers : pubescence furfuraceous-tomentose, canescent and 
 turning ferruginous: leaves from roundish-subcordate and obtusely 3-lobed to subhastate- 
 oblong (inch or two long), rugose and plicate-veiny above with undulate-crisped margins: 
 calyx mostly half inch long : petals brick-red, tiiree fourths inch long : fruit about hemi- 
 spherical, tomentose outside ; mature carpels fully 3 lines long, ovate-reniform, of rather firm 
 texture throughout, smooth on the sides quite to base, at least not at all reticulated, apex a 
 bipartite cusp. —Torr. in Gray, PL Fendl. 23, & PI. Wright, i. 21, only partly of others.— 
 Arizona, Valley of the Gila, Emonj, Parry. (Adj. Chihuahua, Mex., Gregg, Thnrher.) 
 = = Leaves thinner, not rugose : mature carpels more or less rugose-reticulated on the 
 
 sides of the lower portion ; fruit more elevated : species perhaps confluent. 
 S. Fendleri, Gray. From green and minutely stellular-pubescent or glabrate to cinereous- 
 puberulent or subcauescent : stems 2 to 5 feet high, leafy nearly to the thyrsoid-paniculate 
 inflorescence : leaves ovate-oblong or subhastate, or lower roundish and subcordate, nearly 
 all incised or lobed, some deeply 3-cleft and tlie lobes incised : petals rose-red, not over half 
 inch long : calyx 2 or barely 3 lines long, shorter than the maturo ovoid and truncate fruit : 
 mature carpels 2 lines long, ovate and slightly excised, distinctly cuspidate, the short lower 
 portion ratlier strongly rugose-reticulated. — PI. Wright, i. 21, ii. 21. 6\ viiniata, Gray, PI. 
 Fendl. 19, & Gen. 111. ii. 70, t. 127, excl. syn. S. inrann ? var. ohlongifolin, Gray, PI. Wright. 
 ii. 21. S. incana, var. Fendleri, Wats. Cat. PI. Wheeler Pep. 7. — Mountains of W. Texas 
 to New Mexico and Arizona, apparently reaching to the Rio Grande ; first coll. by Fendler. 
 S. incana, Torr. A foot or two high, diffusely branched, velvety-canescent with fine and 
 very close pubescence : leaves (half inch to inch or more long) cordate or subcordate and 
 obtusely 3-lobed, rarely hastate- or lanceolate-oblong, usually 3-lobed or -cleft, tlie lobes from 
 obscurely crenulate to obtusely incised : inflorescence sometimes axillary -clustered, commonly 
 
 1 Also eastward to HamiUon Co., Kansas, Hitchcock. 
 
Spharalcea. MALVACEAE. .'JIT 
 
 more naked and racemose-paniculate : flowers of the precpdinjj or often with longer calvx 
 surpassiiiji tlie i^loliose-ovoid fruit of fewer larjjels, ihi-ir riispH MiiiietinieH olniolfUi. — To'rr 
 in (;ray, I'i. Fcmll. 2:1, & I'l. Wright, i. 21. — Plains of New Me.xiio and Arizona. (Adi 
 Chihuahua, .Mcx„ Wislizvnus.) 
 
 Var. dissecta, (iiiAV. A form witii small leaves deeply .'J-.'iileft or piirU'd into olio- 
 vate or narrowly spatulate usually 2-3-lobed divi.sionw: piissinj,' fre<-Iy int<i the ordinary fonn. 
 
 — PI. Wripiit. i. 21. S.Fendl'ri, var. disserttt, Wat.s«ju, Uihl. Index, 14.1, partly.'— New 
 Mexico and Arizona, Wriyht, Thurlier, &c. 
 
 S. "Wrightii, Gkav. A foot or two hij^h, siihcaneseently Umientose with 1o<>s<t stellular 
 pul)eseenee : stems .simple, herl)aieou8, raeeino.sely several-flciwered at naked summit : leartfH 
 long-petioled, roundish-cordate (ahout inch long), thiniiish, some lower onett cn-natelv in- 
 ciseil, others 3-.5-lohed, or nearly jiarted and the cuneate divisions 2-.'MoIh<I : |H-t4iU ai>- 
 parently purple and small: calyx-lolies harely ecpialling the henii.-ipherii al fruit of 12 to 15 
 carjjcls ; these minutely puherulent on tiie hack, ovate-sulireiiifomi, 2 or :\ lines long, mu- 
 cronate-tipped, the short h)wer portion delicately hut conspicmmsly retiiiilaterj on tli<- sidi-s. 
 
 — PI. Wright, ii. 21. — On a mountain near Lake Santa Maria, Chihuahua, a little U-low 
 the U. S. and Mexican boundary, Wriijht. 
 
 S. Rusbyi, Gray. Stems a foot high from a lignescent ha.«ie, shn<ler, snn>oth and glahnms 
 or nearly .>;o, spicately or racemosely few-several flowered at the naked summit : leaves green, 
 sliglitly pubescent (less than inch in diameter), roundish in outline, all pfdatelv parted and 
 divisions 3-5-cleft into narrow short lobes: petals red, quarter <ir third inch long: calvx 
 loosely and canescently pubescent; the lobes ovate, barely ecpialling the hemispherical fruit; 
 this nearly of preceding or shorter, and the carpels with obscure mucronation ami sides at 
 base obsoletely rugulose. — Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 293. — Near Prescott, Arizona, Rusby, 
 no. 537. 
 
 S. Cedrosensis, Kellogg, the fruit of which is unknown, from Cedms Island off I^iwer 
 California, is probably S. Emori/i, or possibly S. ambitjua. 
 
 -t— -1— Carpels hirsute or hispid with long bristly hairs : leaves comparatively large, 3-7-<-left 
 as in maple ; cauliue with ovate-acute and serrate lobes: tall herl)S, green, but more or 
 less pubescent. 
 
 S. acerifolia, Nltt. From stellately pubescent to glabrate : stems 2 to G feet high : leaves 
 2 to 6 inches long and wide : flowers clustered in upper axils and interruptedly spicate at 
 summit : pedicels usually shorter than calyx, and the ovate lobes of this shorter than orlitllo 
 surpassing the mature fruit : petals rose-color varying to white, half inch to nearly inch 
 long: carpels obovate-oblong, thinnish, with smooth sides, 2-3-seeded. — Nutt. in Torr. & 
 Gray, Fl. i. 228 ; i Hook. Bot. Mag. t. .5404 ; Wats. Bot King Kxp. 48. S. rimlaris. Torr. 
 in Gray, PI. Fendl. 23, & Bot. Wilkes Exped. 2.55. Malm rinilnris, Dougl. in II.K.k. Fl. 
 Bor.-Am. i. 107 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 22(5. — Along streams, R<H'ky Mountains, from Dakota 
 to Colorado,^ N. Nevada, Washington, and Brit. Columbia ; first coll. by Ituinjlun also near 
 Altorf, Kankakee Co., Illinois, E. J. Hill. 
 
 S. longisepala, Torr. More slender: stems and stalks hirsute with long and spreailing 
 scattered hairs : flowers sparse: peduncles or pedicels long and slender: calyx-lolies caudate- 
 acuminate, .sometimes inch long, eciualling the rose-colored petals: fruit, &c., nearly of the 
 
 1 Torr. & Gray cite as syn. " ^falva (S/)/i(eroma) areri/olin, Nutt.! mss.," hut Nuttall'* Murnsl 
 label bearing this name accompanies, at least in herb. Gray, a hirsufe-pul>esct'nt smooth tnrjHllid .Vu/- 
 vniiti-um, apparently a close ally of the S. .African }f. mli/rluum. It is evident thai ther*- ha» In'on 
 some confusion in labelling, probably in herb. Punind. whence the sp«'cimen comes. This should 
 not, however, in any way invalidate Sjiharolcea ncerifolia. readily recognizable from its excollrnt 
 characterization. 
 
 2 Among the Colorado specimens of this species. Miss Alice Eastwood mils altenlinn {7.M, iv. 6) 
 to two forms, one large-lenved and with few chiefly axillary flowers, the otlu-r smaller-leaved and with 
 more showy terminal nearly naked spikes. In a similar way Prof. Macoun (Cat. Canad. I'l. ii. 314) 
 distinguishes in S. Brit, (^lumbia a coarse plant witli sharp-lobed leaves from a more nlrnder form 
 with obfuser lobes. In a considerable series of specimens, thei*e and various other variations ap|>rar to 
 be indiscriminate. 
 
318 MALVACE^. Modlola. 
 
 preceding. — Bot. Wilkes Exped. 255.1 — Wasliiugton, on the upper Columbia River, Pk/c- 
 erinq & Bruckenridije, Tweedy, Brande<]ee. 
 
 9. MODIOLA, Moeuch, (The fruit of the form of a modiolus, which is 
 either a small measure or the nave of a wheel.) — Low and diffuse chiefly sub- 
 perennial herbs, of the warmer parts of America, hirsute with simple or geminate 
 hairs ; with rounded palmately lobed and incised green leaves, small flowers soli- 
 tary on axillary peduncles, a persistent involucel of 3 foliaceous bractlets, small 
 dull-red petals, a depressed- fruit of 15 to 30 thin-coriaceous carpels ; these reni- 
 form, much compressed, the back at summit bearing a bipartible cusp, at length 
 falling free from the axis, and tardily 2-valved from the top. — Meth. 619 ; St. 
 Hil. Fl. Bras. Merid. i. 210, t. 43 ; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 71, t. 128. — Several forms, 
 probably all of one species. 
 
 M. milltifida, Miench, 1. c. 620. Stems a .'span to a foot or two long : peduncles commonly 
 filiform and ecmalling or surpassing the petiole : petals 2 or 3 lines long, little surpassing 
 the calyx : carpels hirsute, at least when young. — Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 229. M. Caroliuiamt, 
 Don, Syst. i. 466 ; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 72, t' 128. Malva Caroliniana, L. Spec. ii. 688 (Dill. 
 Elth. i. 5, t. 4) ; Cav. Di.ss. ii. t. 15, f. 1 ; Michx. Fl. ii. 44; DC. Prodr. i. 435. — Waste 
 grounds, Virginia to Florida and Texas, near the coast, and sometimes a ballast-weed farther 
 north ;'^ fl. all summer. (Mex. to Buenos Ayres, &c.) 
 
 10. H0RSF6RDIA, Gray. {Frederick Hinsdale Horsford, of Vermont, 
 associate of C. G. Pringle in the collection of rare N. American plants.) — 
 Densely and somewhat roughly stellular-tomentose shrubby or suffruticose plants, 
 with much the habit of Abutilon or Sphceralcea, with carpels rather of the latter 
 but seed of the former ; the leaves cordate to lanceolate and barely denticulate, 
 thickish ; the chiefly axillary peduncles 1-flowered. — Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 296. 
 — Two species.^ 
 
 H. alata, Gray, 1. c. 297. Frutescent, 3 to 6 feet high : leaves subcordate and ovate-lanceo- 
 late (1 to 3 inches long) : petals purple, half inch long, much surpassing the ovate-acuminate 
 calyx-lobes: carpels 10 or 12, with upper pair of ovules abortive ; upper empty portion de- 
 hiscent long before maturity into a pair of narrowly oblong obtuse erect scarious wings of 
 thrice the length of the basal seminiferous body. — Sidn alata, Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. xx. 
 356. — Along water-courses in mountains of N. W. Sonora, below the boundary of Arizona, 
 Pringle. (Therefore Mex.) 
 
 H. Newberryi, Gray, I.e. More sliru])by : lower leaves more cordate: petals bright 
 yellow (according to Orcutt's note), ([uarter inch long, nearly twice the length of the acutish 
 calyx-lobes : carpels 8 or 9, 2-3-seeded ; the scarious upper 2-valved portion obliquely and 
 broadly oval, somewhat divergent, hardly twice the length of the reticulated basal body. — 
 Abutilon Neivberryi, Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. xi. 125 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 87, exd. 
 syn. Sphceralcea crotonoides, Torr. in herb. — Arizona, in the bed of the Gila, &c., Eiiiori/, 
 Newberry, Parry ; adjacent Californian desert, Parish ; caiions on borders of Lower Cali- 
 fornia, Palmer, Orcutt. (Adj. Sonora, Mex., Pringle.) 
 
 11. ANODA, Cav. (Ceylonese name of an Abutilon, recorded by Bur- 
 mann, taken up for this American genus by Cavanilles.) — Annuals, chiefly 
 Mexican, with variable hastate or deltoid or cordate leaves (sometimes 3-5-cleft) 
 and single flowers on slender axillary or at summit racemose peduncles. — Diss. 
 
 1 Cited in Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 294, by clerical error, as S. leptosepnln. 
 
 2 Also occasional in California, as at Auburn, coll. .\frs. Ames, and about Los Angeles, Miss Merritt, 
 ace. to Dr. Davidson. 
 
 3 Two more species of X. W. Mexico and Lower Calif, have since been added. 
 
Anoda. MALVACK-K. 319 
 
 i. 38, t. 10, 11, & Ic. V. t. 431 ; S.lilecht. LiniuL-a, xi. 20'> ; Oruy. (u-n. III. ii. G.J, 
 t. 124, & Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 21»7.' [K.vi>e(l by H. L. Roiun>on.J 
 
 § 1. EvANODA, Gray. Seed horizunUil ( niimitrly papillose and pulx-rulciit), 
 destitute of accessory coating or in one species with a very thin and fra;;ile vein- 
 less pellicle ; capsule much depressed an<l radiatiforni, of I) U» 20 dorsally iK-ak*-*! 
 or cuspidate (rarely pointless) carpels, the flat summit hirsut<* or hispicl : ••alyx- 
 lobes triangular or subovate, acute or acuminate : leaves v«-ry diverse in hauM! 
 species. — Proc. Am. Acad. 1. c. 
 
 * Corolla violet or jmrplo varying to white : calyx widely nproailiiiK under and mostly Bur- 
 passing the hispid fruit : herhage destitute or nearly soof stellular |iul>ewenre Imt variaMy 
 hirsute-hispid or his])idulous with usually sinij)le hristly iiairs, or else glabnitc : nhudcr 
 peduncles uearly all subtended by leaves. 
 
 A.* lavaterioides, Mkdic. Lowest leaves cordati' and usually angnlate ; uiijkt dt-ltoij 
 or hastate ur suliiiilohate, the margins either irregularly dentate <irentire : |M-lals(iirnni<»iily 
 cuneiform and retuse, from a tliird to nearly an inch long: carpels 15 to 20, rather crjii«piiu- 
 ously beaked, the dorso-basal pijrtinn wholly thin-scarious an<l veinless and with slender mid- 
 nerve, tlie sides or partitions wholly ol)literated in the breaking up of the fruit ; wed naki^l, 
 puberuleut. — Mah. 1<); Huok. f. & Jackson, Index Kew. i. \:VJ. A. nistulu, .Sclih><ht. Lin- 
 na;a, xi. 210; Garcke in Hegel, Gartcnfl. xxxvi. 428. & in Kngl .lahrli. xxi..1H7. A.tnl<J>a 
 & .1. Dll/etiiaiia, Cav. Diss. i. 39, 40, t. 10, f. 3, & t. 11, f. 1. .1. Iia.tlala, V.ray, (Jen. III. ii. 1. 124, 
 PI. Wright, i. 20, ii. 23, & Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 298, not Cav. (Almtllon, luvatrnr Jlorr, 
 fructu cristato, Dill. Elth. i. 3, t. 2.) Sida cn'stitUi, L. Spec. ii. 68.5, exd. var. ; Curtis, Hot. 
 Mag. t. 330; Andr. Bot. Rop. t. 588. — S. Texas to Arizona. (Mex., S. Am., &4-.) I^-a\tit 
 exceedingly variable even uiurn the same individual. Our form usually has the up|»er leaver 
 elongated and conspicuou.sly hastate. 
 
 A.* triangtllaris, DC Hispid-pubescent upon the younger parts, btit at length glabrite 
 below, 8 iuclies to 2 feet high: stem (often purplish-tinged) suberect, in well devel..|KMl 
 specimens with several ascending branches from near the ba.se: leaves typically <lelt«»id- 
 ovate, acute, more or less deeply and irregularly (renate-dentate. ratlu-r jiale gn-en. ghuice*- 
 cent beneath; the uppermost, rarely all, deltoid-lanccohite, more or les.s lixstate : flowers 
 much smaller than in the preceding species: petals only 3 or 4 lines long, ]>ale blue, litilo 
 exceeding the calyx : carpels 8 to 12; membranaceous .septa of the capsule either sub|R'r- 
 sistent at its base or (with the carpellary lining) loosely clinging to the seed. — PnHlr. i. 
 459; Schlecht. 1. c. 216; Garcke, 11. cc. -1. hrachi/nntha, Reichenb. Ic. Bot. Exot. t. .14. .1. 
 hastata, var. depnuperata, Gray, PI. Wrigiit. ii. 23. .1. Arizonica, Gray. Pnic. Am. Aca<l. 
 xxii. 298 (form with seeds more or less invested). Siila trianrjiJaris, Willd. Knnm. 725.— 
 Texas to Arizona. (Mex., where ace. to Ilartman n.'<ed .as a febrifuge; Lower C^ilif., 
 S. Am.) In identifying this and related species kindly a.ssisUnce h:w l»een rec-eivcd fn>ra 
 Professor Garcke. 
 
 Var. * digitata, Robinson, n. comb. All but the lowest leaves hastatcly digitate, 
 with elongated lanceolate to linear middle lobe an.l a pair of b.xsi-later.il lobes on o.ich side. 
 — A. Arizonica, var. digitata, Gray, I. c. — S. Arizona, Lemmon, no. 517, coll. of 1881. 
 A.* hastAta, Cav. (.1. areri folia, DC. I.e.; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 298, not 299) 
 
 much resembles A. InvalrrioidrsAmt lias the upper part of fruiting carjx-ls coarj«ly reticulated 
 
 at length bilamellar and clathr.ate. nearlv in the manner of the following. It m.ny ]>c exi.o<-to<l 
 
 on our southern border. The yellow-fl<.wered j.lant, .a.«crilK«d to .1. I.ost.iia by Kobm^on & 
 
 Greenman, Proc. Am. Acad. xxix. 382, is probably a di.stinct species. 
 
 # * Corolla yellow : calyx shorter-lobed, less explan:»te under the densely s«rllntchin.ut«» 
 fruit, which it moderately or hardly surpa.sses. (Here also A. l,u,n,J,iia. H-.k A Arn ) 
 
 A Wrightii Grav. Erect. 2 to 5 feet high, visciduhnis-puberulent and nl^ve more or 
 'less villous-iii'rsute : lower leaves deltoi.i-ovato and upjH-r b.astatelanccolalc : pfKluoclc* 
 
 > Ad.I r. <;. Il.ik.r, .I.'ur M't. xxx. 7-1. 
 
320 MALVACEAE. Anoda. 
 
 about equalling or exceeding the subtending leaves, or upper ones in a naked raceme and 
 subtended by linear or tiliforni deciduous bracts : calyx canesceutly pubescent : petals dull 
 yellow, a third to half inch long, changing to brown-purple at base : carpels 10 to 12, beaked ; 
 dorsal portion bihunellar at maturity ; the tardily separable endocarpial layer of firm tex- 
 ture, dathrate-retlculate, loosely lialf enveloping the minutely or sparsely puberulent seed. 
 
 — PI. Wright, ii. 22, & Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 299. ^1. parvijiora, Wats. Bibl. Index, 132, 
 & Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 330, not Cav. — New Mexico, Wright. Has been cultivated in 
 botanic gardens as A. parvijiora. (Mex., Scltaffner.) 
 
 § 2. SiDANODA. Seed resupinate-pemlulous in the 5 to 9 depressed or as- 
 cending dorsally umbonate or muticous merely puberulent carpels, destitute 
 of accessory coating : flowers small, disposed to be racemose or paniculate : 
 pubescence mostly fine and stellular ; no bristly hairs. — Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 
 xxii. 299. 
 
 * Corolla from blue to bluish white : calyx deeply 5-cleft, rotately spreading under and 
 surpassing the depressed fruit. (Connecting the preceding with the present section.) 
 
 A.* Thurberi, Gkay, 1. c. Slender, a foot or two high, green and barely puberulent or 
 glabrate below and calyx puberulent-canescent : lower leaves cordate and dentate, upper 
 hastate, but with spreading not strongly deflexed basal lobes : flowers mostly paniculate- 
 racemose : petals only 2 or 3 lines long : carpels 8 or 9, the whole dorsal and thickish apical 
 portion strongly 3-nen'ed ; seed puberulent. — ^. hastata, var.? Gray, PI. Wright, ii. 23 (iu 
 part),& PI. Thurb. 308. — S. Arizona, Thurher, Wricjht, Lemmon ; Chenate Region, Texas, 
 Nealley. (Chihuahua, Pringle, distrib. as A. parvijiora, var. ?) Prof. Garcke (in Engl. .Jahrb. 
 xxi. 390) fails to distinguish this species from A. pubescens, Schlecht., a Mexican plant iu 
 whicli the basal lobes of the upper deeply hastate leaves are strongly reflexed, and the 
 flowers somewhat larger. No. 78 of Parrij & Palmer, from San Luis Potosi, corresponds 
 closely in these and other regards to Schlechtendahl's description. 
 
 * * CoroUa yellow (sometimes pink in fading) : calyx shorter and less deeply cleft, ascend- 
 ing or appressed to and not surpassing the little depressed fruit, its carpels (and closely 
 embraced seeds) nearly vertical, the inflexed apical portion short. 
 
 A. pentaschista, Gray. Slender, a foot or two high, paniculately branched, minutely 
 puberulent and more or less cinereous : lower leaves ovate or subcordate, somewhat 3-lobed ; 
 upper hastate or lanceolate or some linear : calyx 2 lines long, a little shorter than the 
 bright yellow corolla : carpels .5, or not rarely 6 to 9 ; the dehiscent dorsal portion closely 
 applied to and half covering the puberulent seed, membranous with inflexed apex thickish. 
 
 — PI. Wright, ii. 22, & Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 299. — S. Arizona, Wright, to we.steru borders 
 of Texas, Parr;/. (]\Iex., Thurher, Palmer ; Lower Calif., ace. to Brandegee.) Havard's 
 specimens from \'i<'ja Mt., Texas, are greener and in sepals pass to 
 
 Var.* obtusior, Robinson, n. var. Foliage, pubescence, and inflorescence of the type : 
 base more decumbent and branched, distinctly lignescent and perhaps perennial : calyx-lobes 
 broadly ovate, very obtuse, mucronulate : carpels 5 to 10; seeds minutely granulated. — 
 Sida Palmeri, J. G. Smith, Rep. Mo. Bot. Card. vi. 113, t. 48, not Baker. — Near Corpus 
 Christi, Texas, Nealley, 1894, in flower and fruit (types in U. S. Nat. Herb.) ; also a frag- 
 mentary fruiting specimen from same locality long ago coll. by Torrey (herb. Gray). 
 A. abutiloides, Gray. Somewhat robust, branching, 3 or 4 feet high, canescent (branches 
 occasionally bearing some loose pubescence) : leaves cordate and crenately serrate, caudate- 
 acuminate or uppermost subcordate-lanceolate, all densely velvety-tomentose both sides: 
 flowers all paniculate-racemose: calyx 2 or 3 lines long, half the length of the obovate 
 (yellow becoming pinkish) petals; the lobes broadly ovate and apiculate : carpels 5 to 7, 
 when mature 2 lines high and less deep, obscurely umbonate, septicidally separating almost 
 entire, the diaphanous inner walls tardily breaking up and uncovering the enclo.sed puberu- 
 lent seed ; dorsal portion broad and cymbiform, thin-membranaceous, with short summit 
 thickish, disposed to split down the back into two valves. — Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 300 — 
 Santa Catalina Mountains, S. Arizona, Pringle (distr. in 1882 as A. pentaschista, and as Sida 
 Berlandieri, var.). 
 
Sula. MALVACI-Li:. .'J'J 1 
 
 § 3. Cleistanoda, Gray, 1. c Seed (glabrous) coinpleUly ami perniaiiently 
 invested by a linn corrugate-reticulated or iii age clalhrate (doubtlihh «n<iocar- 
 pial) arilliform coat: otherwise !is in § 2. 
 
 A.* crenatiflora, Om. Minutely pulKTuleiit or frhibratf, the lalyx ram-menl : li.wcr 
 leaves cordate and annulate or soniewlnit lolied, u|i|Mr iuohiIv hiiAtiite : u|i|mt HoMcr* uaLe<l- 
 racemose : petals yellow (or changing to jiur|ilish when drying) : (-ur|MlH 'J or l(), Hliort-U-ukcU 
 ur pointed, hirsute at the radiate summit, the permanent dorsal imrtion i>{ firm texturo or 
 below reduced to a stout and rigid midnerxe. — Dec. viii. yo ; Schlo» ht. l.innHa, xi. 217. 
 A. purvijhra, Cav. Ic. v. 19, t. VM ; DC. I'rodr. i. 459; Ueichenh. Ic. Itot. Kxot. t. 44; 
 Gray, 1. c. Sida parvijiora, Willd. Euum. 72C. — So near our S. W. Iniundary (I'rimjU, 
 &c.) that it is to be expected in Arizona. , (Me.v. ; Lower Calif., lirandrrjrt.) 
 
 A. retictllata, Wat.son. Herbage of jirccciling ; liut nearly all the leaves cordate angiijato 
 and ii]i]icr ."{-o-lolied, small : flowers mainlv nai^fd-racemose : jictals l)lue, 2 or '.i linen long: 
 fruit not radiate, liardly puberulent, of 10 oval car|»els with rounded summit and not exen 
 unibouate ou the back, tiie permanent dor.«al jwrtion ihin-membranaceous, delicately l-nerxed 
 below and veiuy above, merely concave, at lengtii nudating tlie arillate i«eed. — l*roc. Am. 
 Acad. xvii. 368; Gray, 1. c — S. Arizona, in tlie Santa Catalina Mountains, I'rinijU, 1881. 
 
 12. SIDA, L. (2i8r;, unexplained Greek name of some plant) — n«-rl>s 
 or sometimes under.shrubs (most largely American and of warm regions). f»f 
 various habit : pedicels mostly articulated; fl. summer and autumn, nio.stly open 
 only in sunshine or for a few hours. — Syst. Nat. ed. 1, & Gen. no. ."».'>C. ; ."^i. 
 Hil. Fl. Bras. Merid. i. 173; Gray, PI. Fendl. 22, & Gen. III. ii. (U, t. 12.1; 
 Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 203.i 
 
 § 1. Pseudo-Ma LVASTUUM, Gray. Usually 2 or 3 slender and deciduous 
 bractlets under the more or less 5-angled calyx : flowers solitary or somewhat 
 clustered in the axils of the leaves : peduncles commonly recurved or deflexed in 
 fruit: low or depressed perennials, cane.scent with stellular and .sometimes lepi<l<»te 
 pubescence, except in the fruit very like species of Mulvastrum and SjifKiralren. 
 — PI. Fendl. 23. 
 
 S. hederacea, Torr. Rather scurfy -cane.scent : ."items decumbent: leaves ohiitjuely sub- 
 rcniforni or ovate-subcordate, irregularly dentate (half inch to 2 inches wide) : calyx-loJK^ 
 ovate or ovate-lanceolate, short-acuminate : petals pale yellow or white or sometimes 
 " purple," barely half inch long, moderately surpa-^sing tiie shortn-onical fruit of 6 to 10 
 turgid-ovate or triangular acutish tomentulose but glabrate carpels. — Torr. in (J ray, I'l. 
 Fendl. 23, PI. Wright, i. 18, & ii. 21 ; Wats. Hot. King Kxp. 48; Brew. & Wat.-^. Bot. Calif, 
 i. 86. S.obliqua, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 233, 681. .l/./Zm Culi/onura, I>n>sl, Hel. 
 Haenk. ii. 121. M. hedcrarea,l)ouir\. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 107: Torr. & (irav. Fl. i. 
 227. M. p/icata, Nutt. 1. c. 227. — Low banks, Washington to S. California, Itah, Ari/.ona, 
 and W. Texas. (Mex.-) 
 
 S. lepidota, Gray. Throughout scurfy-lepidote, silvery when young: leaves oliliijuely 
 dtltuid snbcordate or triangular-lanceolate and commonly semicordate or seniihaslate, irn'gu- 
 larlv or inci.-*ely dentate, mostly acute, quarter to inch ami a half long, slcnderpotioliHl : 
 lower peduncles u.sually elongated and in fruit deflexeil witli ajiex incurved : jM'tal.s half inch 
 or more long, purple or white witli purple tinge: c.ilyx almost 5-parted, somewliai ampliate 
 
 1 Add E. G. Baker, Jour. Bot. xxx. ms. 
 
 2 Also Lower CaVif.,f'le Brandegec,and Chili, /</»• E. G. Baker (.lour. Bot. xxx. i:i8V who rvemrdi 
 the S. American S. mlphurta, Gray, as a variety of S. hederacen. N. htdtrncra. vnr. ? i>nrr,f\Jin, 
 Heinsl. Biol. Cent.-Am. Bot. i. 104! never properly described, but vaguely credited to X,'w Mrxico, ia 
 (as to the ^fexiean types cited) not of this species, being in pubescence much nc«n-r S. Upuiotti, of 
 which it is probably onlv a depauperate round-leaved form. 
 
 21 
 
322 MALVACEAE. Skla. 
 
 and angulate in age ; lobes becoming much acuminate from broad base, much surpassing 
 the dei)i-es.sed glabrous and smootli fruit of 8 or 9 rounded and pointless thin-walled carpels. 
 — ri. Wright, i. 18, ii. 21; Uothrock in Wheeler, Kep. vi. 75. — Plains of W. Texas to 
 Arizona, Wriijht, and later Rutltruck, Letninon, &c. With var. dcpauperata, merely a reduced 
 form, and 
 
 Var. sagittsefolia, (iu.w, 11. cc. Leaves all hastate- or sagittate-lanceolate or the 
 base on (nic side hearing 2 or 3 narrow lanceolate lobes. — W. Texas to S. Colorado and 
 S. Arizona ; first coll. by Wn'rjht. (Chihuahua, Thurber.) 
 
 S. cuneifolia, Gray. Tomeutulose-canescent, ascending, much branched: leaves flabelli- 
 furin or cuneiform, or some rotund with barely cuneate base, repand-dentate or crenulate 
 around the broad summit, half inch or so long : stipules linear, herbaceous : flowers subses- 
 sile : petals yellow, barely (juarter inch long : calyx not surpassing the oval fruit of about 
 5 turgid and thin-walled short-acuminate (and in dehiscence 2-beaked) carpels. — PI. Lindh. 
 pt. 2, 165, & PI. Wright, i. 18. — Subsalinc soil along and near the Hio Grande from Eagle 
 Pass soutiiward, S. Texas, Berlandier, Wriyht. (Adj. Mex., Berlandier.) 
 
 S.* Helleri, Rose. Suffrutescent, much-branched, spreading or procumbent, cinereous, 
 2 feet iiigh : leaves suborbicular, crenate, rounded or truncate at the base, seldom exceeding 
 iialf inch in diameter, loosely stellate-pubescent upon both surfaces ; slender petioles half or 
 two tiiirds the length of the leaves: subsessile flowers small, leafy-bracted : ovate-oblong 
 obtusisli sepals l)ccoming 3 lines in length : corolla " pale copper-colored " : carpels obtuse. — 
 Rose in Heller, Contrib. Herb. Frankl. & Marsh. Coll. i. 66. — Very common along sandy 
 shores of Corpus Christi Bay at Oso, Heller, no. 1533. Similar to but clearly distinct from 
 the last preceding species. 
 
 § 2. Pseudo-Nap^a, Gray. Calyx (naked at base, as in the genus gener- 
 ally) short and 5-toothed, terete at base, unchanged in age : petals white : herb- 
 age green and nearly glabrous ; the leaves ample and palmately cleft : flowers 
 corymbulose in pedunculate panicles. — PI. Fendl. 23. 
 
 S. Napsea, Cav. Glabrous or young parts minutely cinereous-puberulent : stems 3 to 7 feet 
 high from a stout perennial root: leaves 3 to 8 inches long, 3-7-clef t ; lobes triangular, long- 
 acuminate, irregularly serrate: petals hardly half inch long: mature carpels triangular- 
 ovate, acuminate, nearly glabrous. — Diss. v. 277, t. 132, f. 1 ; Willd. Spec. iii. 766; Sims, 
 Bot. Mag. t. 2193; DC. Prodr. i. 466; Gray, 1. c.^ Nfipaa hermaphrodita, L. Spec. ii. 686. 
 iV. Uevis, L. Mant. ii. 435 ; Lam. 111. t. 579, f. 1. — Glades and river banks, rare. West Vir- 
 ginia and S. Pennsylvania on the Susquehanna, opposite Safe Harbor, Porter ;^ long culti- 
 vated in gardens ; fl. late summer. 
 
 § 3. Calyxhymenia, Gray. Calyx 5-lobed, naked, strongly 5-angled, much 
 accrescent and membranaceous or scarious in age : carpels indehiscent, subrostrate 
 or apiculate but muticous : petals yellow. — Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 294. 
 
 S.* hastata, St. Hil.s Loosely stellular-hirsute, green, partly glabrate : stems spreading 
 or decumbent from a fleshy-ligneous ])erennial root, a foot or two long: leaves rather succu- 
 lent, subcordate to oblong, obtu.se, inch or two long, slender-petioled, crenate or serrate : 
 peduncles solitary in the axils, one-flowered, soon recurved : petals buff-color, hardly exceed- 
 ing the 5-parted calyx : lobes of the latter as if cordate, in anthesis 3 lines long and pale 
 green, at length 5 or 6 lines long, membranaceous and veiny, together connivent and form- 
 ing a vesicular globular and wing-angled loose covering over the fruit: carpels 10, ovate 
 with short beak-like apex, very thin-membranaceous and reticulate-veiny, sulcate round the 
 back, conformed to the turgid seed. — Fl. Bras. Merid. i. 190, t. 36, f. 2. S. pinjsocahjx, 
 
 1 Add syn. S. hermaphrodita, Rushy. Mem. Torr. Club, v. 223. 
 
 2 Also in E. Tennessee, ace. to Chapman, and on the Potomac flats near Washington, D. C, ace. 
 to Bursiess. 
 
 8 There appears to be no dnubf of the identity of Dr. Gray's -S. phyxocnhjx witli the Sontli Ameri- 
 can plant (cf. E. G. Baker, Jour. Bot. xxx. 140), and the later name must give place to the earlier. 
 
Slda. MAIAACK.E. ;J2:] 
 
 Gray, PI. Lindh. pt. 2, 163. PI. Wriglit. i. 20. & ii. 22. — River vallevi, Textw to S. Ariioaa ; 
 the earliest collectors, litiUntditr, Lindheimn, &c. (Adj. MfX.,' Urttjij, I'almer.) 
 
 § 4, Malvi'nua, DC. Calyx naked, geiurally ri-aii<il<(l, uinliuii;i;t-«l in n-^f : 
 leaves undivided : carpels mostly dehiscent at apt-x. — I'roilr. i. l.'j'J ; (Jruv. 1*1. 
 Fendl. 23, «& Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 2'J 1. Mulvluthi, Dill. Kltli. 211', (. 171, 172; 
 Medic. Malv. 23. 
 
 4): Flowers sessile or short-peduncled, mainly involiunitt! hy |R-tiol;it<> leavfit at tho Numinit 
 
 of the branches : petals re<ldisli purple : low peri-iuiial with haliit soiiu-whitt uf StfflwuiHihtt. 
 
 S. ciliaris, L. Diffuse, nuiiiy -.stfiniiicd. a foot orles.s lii>,'h.,'*trif;oK(»-pulM-(Mi-iii : li-avi>)» ohloiiK 
 
 or narrower, ol)tu.-<e or retuse at Initli en<ls, or not rarely wiiii tiiKp ut tip, MTnit4< aUive th« 
 
 middle, 3 to "J lines lonj^, loug-|)elioled : stipules filiform- or spaiulatclini-ar, conitpicuoUK. nl 
 
 least the up])ermost and the ]ietioles hirsute-ciliate or harlmte : pi-tain ijuartcr to near half 
 
 inch lonj^ : carpels 5 to 8. turgid, very strongly rugose-reticulated ami ov«-r tli<- hark not 
 
 rarely tuberculate or nniricate. ilehiscent a])ex hicuspidate. — Syst. Nat ed. 10, ii. 1I4.'», & 
 
 Spec. ed. 2, ii. 961 (Sloane's figure umliaracteristic) ; Cav. Diss. i. 21. t. .'J. f. 'J (|M«.r), &. 
 
 V. t. 127, f. 2 (excellent) ; DC. Prodr. i. 461 ; Cliapm. Fl. 55. .S". (inomulu, .St. Hil. Fl. Hras. 
 
 Merid. i. 177, t. 33. S. ElliuUii, Torr. liot. Mex. Bound. 39, as to pi. Hiifflow. S. inrolu- 
 
 aula, A. Rich. Fl. Cub. 162.— Key West, Florida, lihxhplt, /i„;,,l. (W. llid. to Rrazil.) 
 
 Var. fasciculata, (iuAV. Leaves narrower and iir<i|)ortionally longer, mostly linear. 
 
 — I'roc. \ui. Acad. xxii. 294. S. fdsricnltttd, 'I'orT. & (iray, Fl. i. 231. S. tinomiila, \nr. 
 Mexiaina, Moricand, I'l. Nouv. Am. 36, t. 24. S. iiniriratn, Cuv. Ic. vi. 78. t. 597. f. I, 
 seems to be a form of this. Malvustrnm liuearifhliuw. Huckl. Proc. Acad. I'hilad. Isfil. 449. 
 
 — Texas, near the coast, Berlandier, Drummoud, Wriijht, &c. (.Mex.) 
 
 * * Flowers solitary or clustered in the axils, or at length sparingly ]ianicnlate or glomer- 
 ate at the summit of the stem in a few sj)ecies, more or le.ss ])edunculate : calyx 5-angle<l. 
 the summit in bud pyramidal : petals mainly yellow, 
 •t— Stems diffusely decuml)ent or prostrate from a perennial rcwt, filiform, sometimeu villous 
 with .scattered long and spreading hairs, or destitute of them in the siimc sjtecies: leaver 
 small, mostly subcordate at ba.se, on filiform petioles of about eipial length, alniut eipialled 
 bv the filiform axillary peduncles: herbage minutely canescent: carpels mostly 5, little 
 cfitiijiressed, nigose-reticulated on the thin sides. 
 S. diftusa, MRK. Leaves from subcordate and roundish to lanceolate with almost truncate 
 base, crenatedentate : petals 3 or 4 lines long (yellow, in specimens seeming white), much 
 surpassing the calyx: carpels barely apiculate or the dehiscent apex with two short stout 
 points. — Nov. Gen. & Spec v. 257. but petals not " violacea." nor caj»sule "apico depressa; " 
 Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 330. S.jili/ormis, Moricand, PI. Nouv. Am. 38. t 25 (narrow- 
 leaved form without hairs) : Rothrockin Wheeler. Rej). vi. 75. >'. Jiliraidis. Torr. & tJray. 
 Fl. i. 232; Grav, PI. Lindh. pt. 2, 163.'- — Texas » (first cidl. by Brrlanditr) to Arizona. 
 (Mex.) 
 S. SUpina, L'Hkr. Leaves round-cordate to cordate-ovate (largest an inch long): |>otals 2 
 or 3 lines long, little surpassing the calyx : carpels 2-rostrate at the dehi.*cent apex. — Stirp. 
 Nov. t. 52 ; Chapm. Fl. 54. S. piloaa, & S. orntn, Cav. Diss. i. 9, t. I. f. 8, & vi. t. 196, f. 2. 
 S. procimbens, Swartz. Fl. Tnd. Occ. ii. 1211. — Flori.la Key.s. ( W. Ind.. S. Am.) 
 H^ H— Stems erect : leaves rather long-petioled, crenate-denfate. nearly all coniate or suit- 
 cordate : calyx ovate, with 5 broaiily .hdtoid lobes: carjuds 10 to 12, their a|K?x before 
 aiiical dehiscence 2-mucronate or 2awned. 
 S. COrdifolia, L. Annual (in tropics suffrutescent). densely and minutely m.ft tomontote 
 and velvety, very leafy: stem robust, rather tall : leaves ovate-<oplate (I to 3 inches long). 
 sometimes obscurely angulate-lobed : flowers all short-jtedunded, glomerate or ilustored: 
 
 1 Also S. Am., whence first doner, by St. Hilnire. 
 
 2 S. fHfiifa, var. >eto>n, K. 0. Maker, .Tour. H..f. xxx. 291. beint: ^^ fiHrnuli*, v«r. ulom. Cmy, 
 PI. Wright, ii. 22. does not appear to differ e^sontinlly from the typical T r;- ' "•' ■''■■.• 
 
 3 .\lsc> on the keys of S. Florida, acc.lo Chapman. 
 
324 MALVACEAE. Sida. 
 
 calyx canescent-tomentose, 10-angled below: petals quarter inch long, tawiiy yellow : carpels 
 sparselv rugose, their awus conununly of about tlie same length and retrorsely hirsute (but 
 rarely obsolete). — Spec. ii. 684 (Dill. Elth. t. 171) ; Cav. Diss. i. t. 3, f. 2. 6'. mullijiora, 
 herbacea, micans, rotundifolia, &c., Cav. 1. c. 5. altkei/olia, Swartz, Prodr. 101. — Keys of 
 Florida. (W. Ind. to S. Am., and most tropical shores.) 
 S. tragieefolia, Gray. Perennial, 2 feet high, stellular-pubescent or puberulent : leaves 
 suliiortlate-dUlong, obtuse (half inch to nearly 2 inciies long), coarsely dentate, upi)er face 
 irlal)rate : flowers mostly solitary in the axils and slender-peduucled : calyx membranaceous 
 in age and barely pubescent, with somewhat 10-angled base : petals orange-yellow, some- 
 times half inch long : carpels with thin sides rugose-reticulated below, smooth towards the 
 obtuse 2-mucronate apex which is green and partly bifid dorsally. — PI. Liudh. pt. 2, 104. — 
 S. Arizona, Wright (seeds, plant raised iu Bot. Garden), Primjle, Lemmon, an ambiguous 
 smaller-leaved form, more cinereous with minute pubescence. (Coahuila, Mex., Palmer.) 
 ^_ H^ ^— Stems erect, branching : leaves slender-petioled, truncate-obtuse or retuse at base, 
 from ovate-oblong to linear ; a small blunt or pointed hard tubercle usually underneath 
 base of petiole, but sometimes obsolete : flowers small, nearly all sliort-j)e(Iuucled, commonly 
 clustered iu the axils: calyx-lobes deltoid : carpels b or rarely mure, reticulate-rugusc and 
 sometimes tuberculate, variably 2-deutate or 2-awnedat tip : annual,-; becoming suffruticose 
 in the tropics. 
 S. spinosa, L. Green and minutely puberulent, or upper face of the oblong-ovate or ob- 
 long-lanceolate serrate leaves glabrous and lower subcanescent : petals pale yellow, 2 or 3 
 lines long. — Spec. ii. 683; Walt. Car. 176; Cav. Diss. i. 11, t. 1, f. 9 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 
 231 ; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. t. 123. — Waste grounds from S. New York to Kansas and south- 
 ward, probably introduced weed, but in the Gulf States and Texas perhaps indigenous. 
 (Most tropics.) 
 S. angUStifolia, Lam. Canescent: branches virgate : leaves linear or narrowly lanceolate, 
 or some of the lower linear-oblong, obtuse, 1 to 4 lines wide, crenately serrulate ; petiole 
 shorter, the tubercle under it often obscure or wanting, but sometimes manifest : otlierwise 
 very like the preceding, but hardly passing into it. — Diet. i. 4; Cav. Diss. i. 14, t. 2, f . 2 ; 
 Gray, PI. Wright, i. 19, ii. 21. 8. linearis, Cav. Ic. iv. 6, t. 312, f. 1. S. Iieterocarpn, Engelm. 
 in Gray, PI. Lindh. pt. 2, 163. S. spinosa, var. anfjusti folia, Griseb. Fl. W. Ind. 74. — Texas 
 and Arizona. (Mex. to Trop. Am., &c.) 
 ^— H— ^— ^— Stems erect : leaves mainly short-petioled or subsessile, acute or obtuse but 
 
 never cordate at base, usually quite destitute of tubercle under the petiole. 
 ++ Cuneate-obovate or oblong-ovate to lanceolate leaves green or at most cinereous-puberu- 
 leut, serrate or serrulate, the base entire : stems branching and leafy to the top : carpels 
 8 to 10 : annuals in the U. S., suffruticose perennials in the tropics. 
 S. rhombifolia, L. Leaves from rhombic-oldong or ovate-cuneate to oblanceolate, obtuse, 
 jiale and ciiiereous-puberulent beneath; occasionally an obscure tubercle under the petiole; 
 stipules setaceous, caducous : peduncles all or some of them elongated : calyx minutely 
 cinereous-puberulent, the base at maturity with ,5 to 10 nerves callous-tliickened : petals pale 
 yellow, sometimes red at base, about quarter inch long: carpels smoothish, subulately 1- 
 awned, at least until dehiscence or fission, which is uncommon. — Spec. ii. 684 (Molrinda 
 unicornis, &c.. Dill. Elth. 216, t. 172, f. 212); Cav. Diss. t. 3, f. 12; Gray, Bot. U. S. Expl. 
 Exped. 158 ; Griseb. Fl. W. Ind. 74. — A weed in waste grounds, N. Carolina to Florida and 
 Texas; probably not indigenous. (Most tropics.) 
 
 Var. Canariensis, Gkiseb. 1. c. Carpels with two short awns or points or soon de- 
 hiscent into two, sometimes almost pointless. — S. Canariensis, Willd. Spec. iii. 735. S. 
 Ilundensis, HBK. Nov. Gen. & Spec. v. 261. S. Maderensls, Lowe, Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. 
 iv. 35. 6'. oculata, Lowe, Fl. Mader. 592. — S. Carolina, Florida, &c. ; an occasional ballast- 
 weed as far north as Pennsylvania. (Most tropics.) 
 S.* acuta, BuRM.i Glabrous or minutely puberulent, much branched : leaves green, rather 
 narrowly lanceolate, acute or acuminate, veiny, unequally serrate : stipules conspicuous, 
 
 1 This species was called S. car pini folia by Dr. Gray, but tlip name of Linnneus, f.. has now gen- 
 erally given place to the earlier one of Burmann. Slight changes have been made in Dr. Gray's 
 description to exclude the var. carpinifoUa. 
 
Sida. MALVACK.K. 325 
 
 mostly longer than petiole, from filiforiiilinoar to lanceolate, tardily deciciuoun : poiluiirloi 
 not loiigir ilum tlic calyx, or .snnif ..f tlicni twice or tlirice longer (tlieMe juinU-d aUtvt the 
 middle) : j.etals yellow, varyin;; nearly t<» white, (|uartfr to half inch hmj^ ; cari*<U reticu- 
 lated-rugose, sulmlately 2-awned or 2-nnicronate even hefore dehlMcnce. — V\. Ind. 147; 
 IJC. I'rodr. i. 4G0 ; Schumann in Mart. Fl. Hnis. xii. j.t. 3, ."Jarj ; K. (j. Haker, J«ur. Itot. 
 XXX. 238. S. ruriiiuifitlia of many authors, its to narrow -havi-d formn. .S'. ilifiuUiUt, Car. 
 Diss. i. 22, t. 3, f. 10; DC. 1. c. ; Cliapm. Fl. 55. .S". <jl,il,r,i. Null, .lour, Acad. I'hilad. vii. 
 90; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 232. — Wa.'<te ground near dwellings, Florifla, )>orha|Nt not indigiv 
 uous; also occasional a.s a hallast-weed as far north as New York. (Widely diittrihutiMi in 
 tropics of both hemispheres.) 
 
 Var.* carpinifolia, Smi .mann, 1. c 326. Leaves considenildy broader, ovato or 
 ovatc-uliloiig, <>l)tusi>li, rounded or even suhcordate at the ha-^e. — .s'. riirjnnifJift, I., f. 
 Suppl. .JOT; Cav. Diss. i. 21, & v. t. l.'U, f. 1 ; Jacq. Ic. Har. t. 135. ,S. f/tinn/Jia. Link, 
 J^uum. ii. 203; Keichenb. Ic. Bot. Kxot. i. 23, t. 33. >'. rm/ntioKlis, DC. I'nxlr. i. 461.— 
 With the type in Florida but less frequent; also on ballast at Portland, Oregon, Utndtrtun. 
 (Mex., most tropics.) 
 
 ■I-+ •»-•• Leaves all or mostly linear or oldoiigliiiear and oiituse at both ends, serrate or den- 
 ticulate : carjjels 9 to 12, gial)rous, at maturity rugulose or reticulated on sidi-s and back 
 and 2 cuspidate or 2-mucronate at summit cln.se behind the more or less infiexed nhort 
 apex or rarely muticous : perennial herl)s, with virgate branches: flowers yellow or in 
 one changing to purple. 
 
 = Stem and calyx glabrous or nearly so. 
 S. EUiottii, TouK. & Gkay. Stems slender, a foot to a yard high : leaves mostly nam)wly 
 lineal- (inch or more long, 1 to 3 lines wide) or some lower ones o<c;isionally iddong, serru- 
 late : peduncles not articulated except at insertion, some shorter than the caly.\ but earlier 
 ones commonly little shorter than the subtending leaf: petals iialf inch or more long : niatun; 
 carpels strongly reticulate-rugose on the sides. — Fl. i. 231 ; Cliapm. Fl. 55. .s". ijrurilis, Kll. 
 Sk. ii. 159, not Kich. (which is an obscure W. Indian species).' — Sandy and o|>eu wokIh, 
 es|)ecially on the coast, S. Carolina to Alabama, Tenne.s.see,''' and S. Florida; first coll. Iiv 
 Kllion. 
 
 Var.* parviflora, Chapm. "Stem shrubby, smooth; leaves narrow-linear, olituse, 
 downy beneatii ; jieilnncles as long a.s the leaves; petals barely longer than the calyx." — 
 Fl. ed. 3, 48 (whence descr.). 6'. Lindheimeri, Chapm. Fl. eds. 1 & 2, 55, not F:npelni. & 
 Gray. — " Key West, Blodgett." Not seen by the editor and from character jR-rhaps a di». 
 tinct species. 
 = = Stem more or less puberuleiit, and biwer face of the le.ives and calyx cinereous. 
 S. Neo-Mexicana, Ghay. a sj.an to a f.ut or more high, and (liffusely many-stemme<l 
 from a ligneous base or root, minutely |)ul>erulent. hardly at all cinereous : leaves narn.wly 
 linear, sometimes linear-oblong : peduncles not articulated, short or very short (rarely over 3 
 or 4 lines long) : petals orangenolor, in age often changing to red, less than half inch long: 
 m.iture carpels muticous or barely mucronulate — Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 296. 6'. Kdn^iii, 
 var.? Gray, PI. Wright, ii. 21 ; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 39. N. rfuimhi/ulin, \aT. 1 micro- 
 phylla, Hemsl. Biol. Centr.-Am. Bot. i. 106. — E. New Mexico," HV.y/^ ThurUr, Crtrnr : 
 S. Arizcma, Lemmon. (Chiliuahua. >[ex., Prinqle, no. 577, and San Luis Pot4>si. Parry & 
 Palmer, no. 88, small- and short-leaved form, SchajFnfr, no. 162, broader-leaved form.) 
 S. Lindheimeri, Enoelm. & Gray. Cinereous-pubemlent. 2 or .1 f.et high, erect, herba- 
 ceous to ba.se : leaves linear-lanceolate or some lower ones (ddance.dato (2 inche.i of more 
 long), or upper narrowlv linear, commonly glabrate aimve : peduncles slen.ler. aU.ut ciual- 
 ling the .subtending leaves (half inch t<. 2 inches long), articulate.l al-.ve the mid.lle : |iotal« 
 vellow, fuliv half inch long: carpels dorsally j.ubernlent or glabrate. cuspidately 2-<lenlalo. 
 — PI. Lindii. pt. 1,5. 5. EUiottii, with var. T,x,uia, T..rr. & Gray, Fl. i. 6S1. - Pramej. of 
 
 1 S. rnhro.viar>jinata, Nash, Bull. Torr. Club, xxiii. 102, appear, to be morxly • broad-l.-avit! form 
 
 S. /■Ilinttii. 
 
 2 F.xtendinp to Stoddard Co., Mi«.souri, liinh. 
 
 8 Extreme W. Texas. >/c Coulter, Contrib. U. S. Nat. IKrb. ii. 40. 
 
326 MALVACEAE. Sida. 
 
 Texas and adjacent Louisiana, and south to the Rio Grande ; first coll. hy Berlundlfr, then 
 bv Jjrummond, Lindheimer, &c. (Adj. Mex.) 
 
 S- longipes, Gray. Somewhat scabro-puberulent, not cinereous : steins about a foot hi^h 
 from a ligneous root, strict : leaves elongated-linear or the lower lanceolate, barely serrulate 
 or crenulate, much surpassed by the (3 to 5 inclies long) erect peduncles ; these articulated 
 toward the summit : petals orange-color, half inch long: carpels glabrous, muticous. — 1*1. 
 Wright, i. 19, ii. 21. — W. Texas, from Live-Oak Creek to the Pecos, Wright, Woodhouse, 
 Haiard\ 
 
 * * * Flowers pedunculate and scattered in the axils or partly paniculate : calyx not 
 angled, globular in the bud. 
 
 S. filipes, Gray. Herbaceous from perennial root, 2 or 3 feet high, paniculately branched, 
 ratiier .>ilender, fulvous-canescent witii close stellular pubescence : leaves very short-petioled, 
 lanceolate or the lower oblong, serrate, hardly acute, subcordate or truncate at base, inch or 
 two long : peduncles filiform, longer than the leaves, the small flower nodding in and after 
 anthesis : calyx-lobes (hardly over a line long) ovate, obtuse: petals deep violet-purple, 2 
 lines long : carpels about 7, obtusely apiculate at the at length dehiscent apex, glabrate, 
 the sides favose-rugose. — PI. Lindh. pt. 2, 164, & PI. Wright, i. 19. — Rocky ravines from 
 near Austin, Texas, to the Rio Grande, Wright, Schott. (Adj. Mex., Berlandier, Edwards, 
 Palmer, &c.) 
 
 13. WISSADULA, Medic. (An E. Indian name.) — Habit of Ahutilon, 
 and with paniculate or subspicate yellow flowers. — Malv. 24; Presl, Rel. 
 Haenk. ii. 117, t. 69; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 204. — Genus of a few tropical 
 species. [Revised by B. L. Robinson.] 
 
 "W^.* rostrata. Planch.-^ Canescent with soft and close minute pubescence, no bristly 
 hairs : leaves all cordate with deep narrow sinus, abruptly acuminate, entire, loug-petioled ; 
 upper face glabrous or glabrate : flowers loosely paniculate, slender-pedicelled : petals 2 
 lines long : carpels mucrouate ; seeds 3 or 4, upper puberulent, lower one hairy. — [" Planch, 
 in"] Hook. Niger Fl. 229. W. mucromdata, Gray in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 39. Sida 
 kernandioides, L'Her. Stirp. t. 58. Wissadula periploci/olia, var. hernandioides, Griseb. Cat. 
 Cub. 25. (Must be different from the Indian W. Zei/lanica, Medic, which seems to be in- 
 troduced into America.) Abutilon Neal/eiji, Coulter, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. i. 32, ii. 41. — 
 S. Texas, on the Rio Grande, Schott. (Adj. Mex., Berlandier, &c., W. Ind., S. Am., Afr.) 
 
 "W^.* holosericea, Garcke.^ Robust, branching, 3 to 6 feet high, densely velvety-tomentose 
 tliroughout, soft and white but in age usually tawny and somewhat roughish, heavy-scented : 
 leaves broadly cordate, acute or acuminate, from almost entire to dentate, sometimes 
 obscurely 3-lobed (the smaller 2 and larger 8 to 10 inches long) : flowers short-peduiicled, 
 solitary in lower axils, and later ones corymbose-paniculate at summit: petals orange- 
 yellow, half to three fourths inch long : carpels tomentose, not exceeding the siiort and 
 broad calyx; seeds glabrous. — Zeitschr. f. Naturw. Ixiii. 124. ? Abutilon erosum, Schlecht. 
 Linnaea, xi. 367, Jide E. G. Baker, Jonr. Bot. xxxi. 74. A. holosericeum, Scheele, Linna;a, 
 xxi. 471 ; Gray, PI. Lindh. pt. 2, 162, & PI. Wright i. 20. A. velntinum. Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 
 67, t. 125. — Rocky soil, W. Texas, Wright, Lindheimer, &c. (Adj. Mex., first coll. by 
 Berlandier.) 
 
 14. ABtTTILON, Tourn. (Probably of Arabic origin, being a name used 
 by Avicenna, for some plant, taken by commentators to be Indian Mallow.) — 
 Herbs or shrubs, of warm countries, mostly with soft stellular pubescence or 
 
 1 Also southeastward as far as Duval Co., Texas, Nealley, fide Coulter, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb, 
 i. 32. 
 
 2 This name is substituted for the W. murronulntn of Gray, on grounds of obvious priority, the 
 identity of the species being evident both from specimens and from sj-nonymy cited with their orij^i- 
 nal descriptions. 
 
 3 This species has been transferred from Abutilon to Wissadula, the structure of the fruit being, as 
 Garcke has pointed out, clearly of the latter genus. 
 
Abufdon. MAI.VACK.K. 327 
 
 wool, cordate leaves, and axillary or panKulatc flowers, the peuils ronimonly 
 yellow; fl. summer and autumn. — Inst. 'J'.*, t. 2 .'> ; Ga;rtn. Kru«t. ii. 2.'j1, u \'6b ; 
 HBK. Nov. Gen. & Spec. v. 270; Gray, G<n. Ill, ii. Oj, i. 125, 120." 
 
 § 1. Carpels in fruit coriaceous or cliartiiceous, not v«si<ular. nmre or Ichh 
 divergent or spreading at .summit ami mostly cuspiilatt; or nuurunat*- l»a<k of 
 the proper apex. 
 
 * Indian Mallows, introduced species, tall and large: cariK-lH numcroux (II to .10), nitwtlv 
 several-see(Ie<l, forniiug a broad capsule, liirsnie at top, liiilf imli to inrji long. ea<ii 
 hanging by thread when at length detached from the axis: leaveH cordate, aLuniinato, 
 from rcpand serrulate to crenaic-dentate, long-petioled. — Ueloere, Shuttl. in Graj, I'l. 
 Wright, i. 21. 
 
 A.* TukophkAsti, Medic.^ (Vklvkt-leaf.) Velvety and cinereoas with very nhort and 
 fine soft wuolliuess, annual: peduncles shorter than peticdes: calyx very de<-ply .Vpart«-d, 
 half tlie length of the awn-beaked capsule: petals yellow, i|uarter inch long. — .Malv. 28; 
 E. G. Eaker, Juur. Bot. xxxi. 214. A. Aricetma-, (Jartn. 1. c. Sidn Ahutilon, L. Spec. ii. 
 685; Schk. Ilandb. t. 190. — A common weed in wa.ste and cult, grounds, Maine to North 
 Carolina, and westward at least to Kansas and Nebraska.' (Nat. from Eu., Asia.) 
 
 A. tNDiciM, Sweet,* var. nfisTiM, Griseb. Frutescent, velvety-cane.sccnt with sliort fine wool- 
 liness and branches hirsute or villous with clammy spreading hairs : [)eilun( les e<|ualliiig or 
 shorter than petioles: carpels 15 to 30 in a gloliular capsule, little surpaj»siiig the calyx, 
 barely mucronate: petals yellow, conunonly purple at base, half inch or more long. — Fl. 
 W. Ind. 78. A. fiirlum, vSweet, Hort. Hrit. i. 53; Don, Syst. i. tMl. A. qiamJeus, Wight 
 & Arn. Prodr. Fl. Ind. .06. Si,la hirta, Lnm. Diet. i. 7; Heichenb. Ic. jlot. Exot. ii. \U'i. 
 Beloere cistijlorn, Shuttl. in distr. ])1. Hugel, 94. — Key West, Ihujel, and perhaps el.««whcre.* 
 (Nat. from W. Ind. and Ind.) 
 
 A. pkdunculAre, HBK. Velvety-tomento.-!e and under face of leaves very canesceiit, the 
 branches and stalks villous or hirsute: peduncles eiiuailing or surpa.>.sing the petioles (2 to 
 4 inches long) : calyx deeply .5-cleft and with reduidicate-angled base; lobes ov.ite : p4>talit 
 rose-color, half inch or more long, little longer than the calyx : capsule with mucronato 
 divergent beaks. — Nov. Gen. & Spec. v. 273, Jide Griseb. 1. c. ; Chapm. Fl. ed. 2, 609. 
 Sidii I/iilseana, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 2.J3 (imjierfect sjKcimfii), therefore Ahutilon Iltilsfunum, 
 Torr. in Gray, PI. Fendl. 23 ; Chapm. Fl. 56. — S. Floriila;^ first coll. by Ilulse at Tampa 
 Bay, perhaps not of human introduction. (W. Ind., S. Am.) 
 A. JAcQUiN'i, Don (Syst. i. 503, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 300, not Chapm.; A. li<fnosum, 
 
 A. Kich. Fl. Cub. 152, Griseb. Fl. W. Ind. 79, but not Sitla liijnosn, Cav. ; .1. /,ifp<Jruniin, 
 
 Grav, PI. Wright, i. 20), of Mexico, comes near the U. S. bounilary. It may l>e known by it.-i 
 
 seemingly cordate sepals eciualling the hirsute erect-awned carpels. 
 
 * * Carpels 7 to 10, .at maturity about half to one third inch long. few-.«eedcd (.*oeds mostly 
 3, one above the other), from soft-pubescent to canescent-pnberulent. at sejianition hardly 
 showing an attaching tiiread, thin-coriaceous to membranaceous: perennials, with conl.ite 
 leaves and yellow corolla. 
 
 ■i- Fruit villous-pubescent, equalled by the calyx : corolla orange: flowers at least jmrtljr 
 naked-paniculate. Extra-limital species. 
 
 1 Add E. G. Baker, Jour. Bot. xxxi. 71. 
 
 2 Name changed from the later .1. Avirenme, in accordance with the "Kcw Rule." Ahulilom 
 Abulilon, Rushy, Mem. Torr. Club, v. 222. is al.so a synonym. 
 
 8 Said also to occur in California, cf. Greene. Man. Hay-Rejr. 67. 
 
 * Typical A. /mlicum, widely distrib. in tropics of both lioniispheres. him none of the Kl«nduUr 
 pubescence of the present variety, which by Schnniann (in Mart. Kl. Rrn*. xii. pi. .), .IS*) i- rpc«rdrd 
 as a distinct species, A. hirtum. Sweet, while K. G. Baker follows Master* in raiikinit i( « vari.ly of 
 A. fjrareolens, Wight & Am. But Wight and Arnott (1'ro.lr. Fl. Ind.) Male that all then* form., 
 ind. .1. Irnliriim, "seem to pa.ss by insensible gradations into each other." 
 
 6 Also on the coast of Florida, ace. to Chapman. 
 
 » Now extending at least to Central Florida, wiicre coll. near Ku>ti.s by .V.j«A. 
 
328 MALVACE^. Ahutilon. 
 
 A. Palmeri Gray. Shrubby below, tall : stems aud stalks pubescent and usually villous : 
 leaves veh L'ty-tonieutose, round-cordate, dentate (larger 4 to 6 inches long) : Howers mainly 
 in a naked ])auicle : peduncles or pedicels about inch long: calyx very villous, in fruit half 
 inch long, the lobes triangular-ovate, acuminate, little shorter than the petals: carpels 
 about 8, with short subulate beaks, very villous; seed-coat warty. — Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 
 289. — Yaqui River,* N. Sonora, Mex., Palmer. 
 
 A. aurantiacum, Watson. About a foot high, woody at base: leaves velvety-tomentose 
 and canesceut both sides, round-cordate with closed deep sinus, creuate, inch or two in 
 diameter: peduncles mainly axillary and shorter than the leaves: calyx in fruit nearly 
 half inch long, cleft to the middle, very pubescent, canescent ; lobes ovate, acuminate, half 
 the len"-th of the petals: carpels 10, villous-pubescent, with short subulate beaks; seeds 
 rougliish-puberulent. — Proc. Am. Acad. xx. 357. — Lower California, a little below the U. S. 
 boundary, Parry, Orcutt. 
 -I- -I- Fruit pubescent or puberulent, equalled by or moderately surpassing the calyx: 
 
 peduncles mainly axillary and shorter than the leaves. 
 ++ Leaves very soft and velvety white-tomentose beneath, less so or even glabrate and at 
 length green above ; the veinlets mostly obscure : calyx 5-parted ; lobes ovate, acuminate. 
 
 A. permoUe, Sweet. Shrubby below, freely branching, 2 to 5 feet high : no villous hairs : 
 leaves ovate-cordate and mostly acuminate (larger 4 inches, smaller incii long) : later flowers 
 somewhat panicled : petals half inch long, much exceeding the calyx; the latter hardly at 
 all angled at base, barely equalling the 7 to 10 divergently nuuTouate-beaked carpels; seeds 
 minutely warty. — Hort. Brit. ed. 1, .53 ; Don, Syst. i. 503; Gray, PI. Wright, i. 20; Griseb. 
 1. c. ; Chapm. Fl. ed. 2, 609. ^1. Jacquini, Chapm. Fl. 66, not Don. A. peraffine, Shuttl. in 
 distr. pi. Rugel, no. 956. Sida permollis, Willd. Enum. 723. — S. Florida, in many places. 
 (W. Ind.) 
 
 A. Wrightii, Gray. Ascending or decumbent and herbaceous from a lignescent stock: 
 slender branches and stalks with some soft spreading hairs : leaves round-cordate, obtuse 
 or acutish, an inch or more long, crenulate to dentate, very soft and white-tomentose 
 beneath : calyx half inch long and little shorter than the petals, or more accrescent, angu- 
 late at base ; the tapering acuminate lobes mostly surpassing the 7 or 8 pubescent subulate- 
 aristate carpels; seeds smooth and glabrous. — PI. Lindh. pt. 2, 162, & PI. Wright, i. 20. — 
 S. Texas, Berlandier, Wright, &c., and Arizona, Pringle. (Adj. Mex., Berlandier, Pringle.) 
 
 A. Parishii, Watsok. Wholly herbaceous, erect, 2 feet high, very white-tomentose : stem 
 and stalks commonly villous with reflexed hairs : leaves very long-petioled, ovate-cordate, 
 hardly acuminate, crenate-dentate, an inch or more long : peduncles all much shorter than 
 the petioles : petals one third inch long : lobes of the deeply 5-parted calyx ovate, quarter 
 inch long, little over half the length of the 7 or 8 (rarely 5 or 6) mucronate-beaked pubes- 
 cent carpels; seeds puberulent. — Proc. Am. Acad. xx. 357. — Santa Catalina Mountains, 
 Pringle, and near Lowell, Arizona, Parish. 
 
 ++ ++ Leaves and stalks canescent or cinereous with short and partly scurfy-stellular down ; 
 the veinlets as well as veins conspicuous beneath. 
 
 A. Lemmoni, Watson, 1. c. Fruticose, a foot or two high, much branched, erect, very 
 leafy : leaves ovate-cordate with shallow sinus, acute or acuminate, inch or more long : 
 peduncles about the length of the slender petioles : petals quarter inch long : calyx .5-parted, 
 canescent ; lobes broadly ovate, in fruit 3 or 4 lines long, half or two thirds the length of 
 the 8 or 9 puberulent-canescent mucronate-pointed carpels; seed-coat roughish-scurfy or 
 puberulent. — Rocky hills, S. Arizona, Thurber, Lemmon, Pringle. (Lower Calif., Streets f 
 Orcutt.) 
 
 A.* Berlandieri, Gray. Branching, lignescent : leaves mostly larger than in the last pre- 
 ceding species, ovate or somewhat ovate-oblong, shallowly cordate, crenate-dentate, acumi- 
 nate :^calyx deeply 5-parted ; lobes ovate, acuminate, 4 to 6 lines long, equalling or exceed- 
 ing the mature carpels: petals half inch in length. —Gray in Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 
 
 XX. 
 
 1 This species was again collected by Dr. Palmer at Guaymas, Mex., but the plant so named, 
 Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. i. 67, from Lower Calif., is probably distinct. 
 
Ahutilon. MALVACE^. 32'.) 
 
 358; Coulter, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. i. 32, ii. 41; Heller. Cmtrib. Herb. Kraukl. & 
 Marshall Coll. i. 64. — S. Texas, iMtermun, NealUy, I/rllrr. (NortlM-ni Mex., Hhen- fin.t 
 coll. by Btrlanditr.) 
 
 •»-•<-••- Fruit pulKJScent or ciiieHcent, Hbort, but Burpjuwing the comparatively aniall 
 calyx : flowers all or mainly in an ample naked and nt-arly f^labroun comixtund i>anii !<• : 
 stems herbaceous, rather tall: It-aves larj^e, 4 to 9 imln-.-* wide or lonj;, round cordatA 
 with narrow or closed sinus, acuminate, and not rarely wilii lateral atuminale lolxfi or 
 lobelets. 
 
 A. Sonorae, Grav. stem below and lonj,' petioles hirsute or hi!<pi<l with lonj; Kpreadinjj 
 hairs: leaves soft velvety-tomenlo.xo ami cani-scent beneatli, less ko or ^rcr-n and j;labnH4? 
 above: calyx only 2 lines lonp, witii ovate, obtu.se 1oIk?8, cancwent half the l.iif,tli of (he 
 
 corolla: truncate capsule 4 lines hi^li, of 7 to 10 mucronate or mucronulati- cariM-lH. 
 
 ri. Wright, ii. 23. — Hillsides on the Sonoita, just south of Arizona, Wri<jl,t. (Chiimatma, 
 Mex., Primjle, Palmer.) 
 
 A. reventum, W.vtson. Habit and leaves of tiie ])r(redintj : stem frlalirous throughout or 
 bari'ly imherulent : calyx and ctirolla larger; lobes of tlie former nion- than iialf tiie length 
 of tlie mucronulate or nearly pointless carpels. — I'roc. Am. Acad. xxi. 418. A.Snnnni, 
 var., Gray, PI. Thurb. 308. — S. Arizona and ailjacent Souora, Thurbir, J'ringlr. (Chihuahua, 
 Max., Palmer.) 
 * * * Carpels 5 or rarely 6 to 8, closely erect in the truncate capsule, 3 or 4 linej4 long, 
 
 only mucronate-tipped, minutely pubescent or canescent ; seeds 2 or 3, supcrjMjsed : freely 
 
 branching herbaceous perennials, small-flowered, 
 •t— Corolla yellow, the jjctals 3 to 5 lines long : plants erect an<l bushy, a foot to a yard 
 
 high, canescent throughout with minute and compact coating, the hairs (juite indistiD- 
 
 guisiiable. 
 A. malacum, Watson. Pubescence soniewliat pannose : stems rather stout : leaves niuml- 
 cordate, acute or short-acuminate, veiny, 2 to 4 inches long, rather long- pet ioled : flowers 
 numerous, paniculate-clustered and short-podicelled, or some earliest solitary and nither 
 slender-peduuded in axils : calyx 3 lines long, the acute or acuminate lobes appre.ssed to 
 and nearly equalling the broad and short steliular-pulterulent cajxsule. — Proe. Am. Acad, 
 xxi. 446. (Has been variou.sly confounded with the next.) — Texas near the Uio Grande, 
 from Laredo to El Paso, Bigelow, Ilavard, Junes. (Chihuahua, Mex., Priwjte.) 
 A. incanum Sweet. l*ubescence minuter and whiter : leaves mostly ovate-cordato, ser- 
 rate, larger 3 or 4 inches, smaller on the branclikts half inch long : flowers solitary and 
 mostly slender-pedunded in tiie axils, and sometimes loosely and slightly paniculate on the 
 branchlets: calyx a line or two long, at length usually reflexed under the more or lew 
 oblong trimcate canescent-pubcrulent capsule ; seeds when young smooth and glabrous, in 
 age minutely cinereous-pubescent. — Hort. Brit. ed. 1,53; Don, Syst. i. 501; Gray. Hot. 
 V. S. Expl. Exped. 168, & Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 301. A. Ternisr, & A. Xuttallii. Torr. & 
 Gray, Fl. i. 231. .1. Texense, Gray, PI. Lindh. pt. 2, 161, & PI. Wright, i. 21. .^ida inrana. 
 Link, Enum. ii. 204. — S. Arkansas and Texas to Arizona. (Mex., Sandwich Islands.) 
 ^ ^_ Corolla brick-red or " pink," the petals 2 or 3 lines long : plant,t diffuse. 
 A. parvullim, Gray. Stellular-puberulent. cinereous or greener, or when young caneji- 
 cent : stems slender, loosely spreading or decumbent from a ligneous root : leave.-* from 
 rounded- to ovate-cordate, irregularly serrate, sometimes obscurely 3-Iobe<l, thinni.iii. half 
 inch to 2 inches long: flowers mostly solitary and axillary on rtliform |>eduncles: calyx a 
 line or two long, at length reflexed under the short-ovoid capsule.— PI. Wriglit. i. 21. ii 23. 
 & Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. .301. — W. Texas to S. Cob.rado and Arizona quite to the Hio 
 Colorado ; first coll. by Wrirjht. 
 « * # * Carpels 5, short, submembranaceous, at longtli 2 valve.l, abruptly and divergently 
 
 10-awned (the 5 .iwns soon dividing) ; seeds 2 or 3, super|«.se.l : herbaceou.-. pn.l«bly 
 
 perennial, with greeu and membranaceous leaves, and small yellow flowers. 
 A. Thlirberi, Gray. Green, not canescent. pubescence .if 3-4 rayed and some simple 
 bristly hairs:' stems a foot or two high, slender, simple or paniculately branched aU.ve, 
 
330 MALVACEAE. Alutilon. 
 
 sparsely hirsute or hispid : leaves membranaceous, ovate-cordate, serrate, 2 inches or less 
 long, on short but filiform simple and bractless pi-iluncles ; these mostly leafy-paniculate or 
 racemose on short axillary shoots : calyx and slender peduncle barbate-iiirsute ; the former 
 in fruit 3 lines long, short-canipanulate, cleft to about the middle, closely applied to and 
 nearly equalling the capsule, half the length of the orange-yellow petals : awns of the car- 
 pels a line or more long, sparsely hirsute ; seeds glabrous. — PI. Thurb. 307, & Proc. Am. 
 Acad. xxii. 302. —Shady places, N. Sonora, not far below the U. S. boundary, Tlnuber, 
 Palmer. 
 A. UMBELL.4TUM, Swcct, of tliis divisiou, was collected by Berlandier in Tamaulipas, not far 
 
 from the boundary. 
 
 § 2. Gayoides, Gray. Carpels numerous, membranaceous and vesicular in 
 
 fruit, pointless, few-ovuled, 2-3-seeded : habit of Gaya, but no interior process. — 
 
 Gen. 111. ii. 67, t. 126. 
 
 A. crispum, Medic. Perennial, diffuse from a suffrutescent base, velvety-tomentulose or 
 canesceut, and slender branches with or without spreading villous hairs: leaves cordate, 
 mostly acuminate, crenulate, veiny, inch or two long; uppermost nearly sessile: peduncles 
 axillary, filiform, in fruit commonly refracted at the joint : petals pale yellow or whitish, 3 
 lines long: fruit half inch or more long, globular, inflated, of about 12 carpels, dorsally 
 dehiscent, in age ofteu undulate or crisped ; seeds smooth. — Malv. 29 (as cri/s/mm) ; Sweet, 
 Hort. Brit. ed. 1, 53 ; Don, Syst. i. 502; Gray, PI. Fendl. 23, PI. Wright, i. 21, & Gen. 111. 
 ii. 68, t. 126 ; Griseb. Fl. W. liid. 79, & Cat. Cub. 26 (with var. imberbe, the form with no 
 villos'itv). A. tiichodum, A. Rich. Fl. Cub. t. 17. SIda crispa, L. Spec. ii. 685 (Dill. Elth. 
 t. 5 ; Martyn, Hist. PI. Rar. t. 29) ; Cav. Diss. i. 30, t. 7, f. 1, & t. 135, f. 2 ; DC. Prodr. i. 
 469, with 5. imberbis. Beloere crispa, Shuttl. in distr. pi. Rugel, no. 95. — S. Florida (chiefly 
 the var. imberbe, Grisebach) and Texas to Arizona. (Mex., Trop. Am., Ind., &c.) 
 
 15, MALACHRA, L. (MaXdxn, ancient name of some kind of Mallow.) 
 — Hispid herbs (of the warm parts of America) ; with rounded and angulate or 
 lobed leaves, setaceous stipules, involucral leaves usually white at base, and 
 yellow or whitish flowers appearing in summer. — Mant. 13; Gray, Gen. 
 111. ii. 73, t. 129.^ — Ours annual, perhaps not indigenous. [Revised by B. L. 
 Robinson.] 
 
 M.* alceaef olia, Jacq. Moderately hispid : leaves more or less 3-5-lobed : flower-heads 
 pedunculate or subsessile : corolla yellow, sometimes white : carpels puberulent or glabrate 
 at maturity, much shorter than the then attenuate-prolonged calyx-lobes. — Coll. ii. 350, & 
 Ic. Rar. t!^ 549; Willd. Spec. iii. 769; DC. Prodr. i. 441 ; Gurke in Engl. Jahrb. xvi. 350. 
 M. capitata, Swartz, Obs. 262, not L^Jide Giirke. ( W. Ind., S. Am.) 
 
 Var.* rotundifolia, Gurke. Leaves of roundish outline obtusely angulate rather 
 than lobed, the upper ovate or ovate-oblong. — Giirke in Mart. Fl. Bras. xii. pt. 3, 462 (where 
 specific name is arbitrarily altered to alceifolia), & in Engl. Jahrb. xvi. 351. M. capitata, 
 Cav. Diss. ii. 97 (in part"), t. 86, f. 1 ; Moi'nch. Meth. 614 ; DC. Prodr. i. 440 ; Griseb. Fl. 
 W. Ind. 80; Chapm. Fl. ed. 2, 609; not L, M. rotundifolia, Schrank, PI. Hort. Mon. t. 56. 
 M. urens, Holzinger, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. i. 288, not Poir. — Keys of Florida, Ciirtiss, 
 Simpson. (W. Ind., S. Am.) 
 M.* capitata, L. Moderately hispid : leaves roundish, sometimes undivided, when 3-5- 
 lobed with sinuate-rounded open sinuses and lobes very obtuse : heads pedunded : involucral 
 leaves round-cordate and largely white : petals yellow : carpels nearly glabrous, not nuich 
 surpassed by the ovate short-acuminate or acute calyx-lobes. — Syst. Nat. ed. 12, 458 ; Pers. 
 Syn. ii. 248 ; Spreng. Sy.st. iii. 95 ; Ilemsl. Biol. Cent.-Am. Bot. i. 115 ; not Cav., Desr., Sw., 
 Moench, nor T>C.,Jide Gurke. M. palmata, Ma?nch, Meth. 615; DC. Prodr. i. 441, & Me'm. 
 Soc. Genev. v. 163, t. 5 ; Coulter, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. i. 33, ii. 43. M. triloba, Desf. 
 
 1 Add Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xvi. 330-361, a critical monograph, bringing considerable new light 
 upon the hitherto much confused specific synonymy. 
 
Pavonia. M A I.\' ACK.i:. I].'}] 
 
 Cat. Hurt. Par. 246 ; DC. Prodr. i. 440. .»/. Mrx.nii,,,, firav. Gen. Ill ii 74. t IL'^. pn.UMy 
 not Schrutl. — 're.\a.s, ir/////<r (.Me.\., W. In.l.) 
 
 16. UR£NA, Dill. {Urtn, a Malaljar iijiiiie.; — More or lew* caueKoeiit 
 herbs or uii(l.r.sliiul).s (of Asiatic or African ori;,'iii) ; witli hiiiall aiirl M.-i,hiK- or 
 8hort-i)e(lunclud flowers, yellowish or purplish corolla, aii<l a hiiiall Imrr-Iikc 
 fruit. — Elth. 430, t. 319; L. Gen, no. .'>.j.>.» 
 
 U. lobAta, L. Leaves rounded, mostly broader than long. ^u^K•ordate. anjrulaN-lv .VIuImmI at 
 summit, serrulate, upper fate screen. iK'iiealii an ol.long >,'land on the t.aw uf one or thro* 
 middle rihs : petals pink or msc color. — Sj.ei-. ii. 092 ; (;riMeb. 1. e. 81; Chapm. Kl. eU. a, 
 6()'.t ; and many synonyms and varitlits. — Ahout dwellings iu Florida. (Nat. from \V. lud., 
 
 thence from India.) 
 
 17. PAVONIA. Cav. (Josejj/, P,ir„u, one of th.- authors ..f ll..- Flora 
 Peruviana.) — Slirulthy or sufTruticose plants of warni-teniprrat*^ an«l tropical 
 zones, of various habit, some near to Ureua, others connfctinf; with M<dvavlsru$. 
 — Diss. ii. App. 2, & iii. 132, t. 4.3-4 'J ; DC. I'rodr. i, 4 12; (Iray.den. III. ii. 
 75, t. 130. 
 
 § 1. Carpels 3-awne(l or 2-3-cornute, angled, thick. 
 
 P. Spinifex, Cav. Shruhhy, puheseent : leaves ohlong<ivate and suU-ordato, dentate: 
 flowers slender peduncled, mainly axillary : liractlets of the in\oluiel wvi-nil. linear or 
 lameulate, fully equalling the calyx : petals yellow, an inch long, eijualled hy the column : 
 mature carpels firm-coriaceous, hearing three long spiny retrorsely loirlK-d awns, one ^ul■ter- 
 minal and two lower marginal ones. — Di.-ss. iii. 1.33, t. 4.'), f. 2 ; DC. I. c. ; Chapm. FI. ed. 2, 
 608. Hibiscus s/iini/er, L. Spec. ed. 2, ii. 978. — Coast of Florida ; perhaps introdure<l, a^ it 
 is at Charleston, S. Carolina. (Trop. Am.) 
 
 p. racemosa, Swartz. Shruhhy, puherulent : leaves cordate, slemler-acnminnte, nearly 
 entire, .3 to 5 inches long: flowers in a terminal naked raceme: hracth-ts <if the invohie«| 6 
 or 8, oblong-lanceolate, nearly eiimflling the moderately .'i lol>ed calyx : J^etalsgrecni^h•yelll>w 
 or whitish, three fourths inch long, surpa.xsing the column : carpels sm<Mith. with a pJiir of 
 short triangular beaks near summit of margins, and a small medial apical cn-st. — FI. Ind. 
 Occ. ii. l-2\'i; DC. 1. c. 44.3; Griseh. I. c. 83; Chapm. 1. c. /'. spinitn, Cav. Diwi. iii. 1.16. 
 t. 46, f. 1, l)Ut flowers n<rt spicate. Malache schIhu, &c* Trew, Ic. I'l. Scl. t. 90. — Coa.«t 
 and keys of S. Florida, in marshes, davber. Palmer, Ciirtiss. (Trop. Am.) 
 
 § 2. Carpels unarmed and pointless, obovoid, small, dorsally 1 -nerved. 
 
 P. hastAta, Cav. Frutescent, cane.scent with minute i)ubescence, much branched: Iea\<» 
 hastate, obtusely dentate, inch or two long : flowers slender-peduncled in the axils : hractleiH 
 of involucel 5 or 6, obovate to lanceolate, equalling the calyx: petals pale red with dark 
 spot at base, half inch long: stamens in the short column sometimen few : rar]M-ls reticu- 
 lated : flowers often cleistogamous. — Di.«s iii. 138. t. 47, f. 2; Reichenb. Ic. Bot. Kxot. iii. 
 t. 227. /*. LeContii, Torr. & (Jray in Gray. IM Fendl. 16. /'. Ji.ursii, Feay in WoimI. 
 Class-Rook, ed. of 1861, 209. Malia I.fCmlii, Huckley, .\m. Jour. Sci xlv. 176. (irrrrrtia 
 cleisocali/T, F. Muell. in Hook. .Jour. Bot. & Kew Misc. viii. 8. — Georgia near the cl>a^t. 
 introduced. (Nat. from extra-trop. S. Am.) 
 
 P.* lasiopetala, ScnKKi.E.2 Shrubby, tomentnlose and cinereous: leaves conlate or mi1»- 
 cordate, scrrati- or re]>and, sometimes slightly angulatelolx-d. 1 to 3 inches long : flower* 
 slender-peduncled in the axils: bracllets of inv.ducel .'> to 8, linear, rather |t>iiger tluui llio 
 ovate acumin.ate .3-.5-nerved caIyx-lol)es : pet.als ro.se color, half to thmo fourtlm inch long: 
 carpels smooth or obscurely reticulated. — Linna-a, xxi. 470. /'. H'nV/A/»V, (iray. Grn. III. 
 
 1 Add Giirke in F.nu'I. .Inlirb. xvi. 301-38,-,. 
 
 ■- The earliest name, aimndoiied on nccount of its not infrciticnt in«ppli.«liiliir (ih* prlal* Iwinj 
 of\en glabrous), is here restored on grounds of priority, as by Hook. f. & Jackton, Index Kew. ii. Hi. 
 
332 MALVACE^. Malvaviscus. 
 
 ii. 76, t. 130, PI. Lindh. pt. 2, 161, PI. Wright, i. 22, & ii. 24.i — Rocky woods, W. Texas; 
 first coll. by Lindheimer. (Adj. Mex.) 
 
 18. MALVAVlSCUS, Dill. (Composed of J/«/ra and me«/rt, birdlime 
 from the viscid or imicilaginous fruit.) — Tropical American (except our species), 
 shrubs or tall hei'bs, with subcordate and occasionally angulate-lobed leaves, and 
 showy red flowers on axillary peduncles. — Elth. 210, t. 170; Cav. Diss. iii. 131, 
 t. 48 ; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 77, t. 131. Achania, Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. ii. 1221. 
 
 M. Drummondii, Torr. & Gray. Tomentulose : leaves round-cordate and mostly angu- 
 lately 3-lobed, fully as broad as long : bractlets of the involucel narrowly spatulate : corolla 
 vermilion-red, inch long: column at length well exserted : fruit red. — Fl. i. 230; Gray, 
 1. c. ; Griseb. Cat. Cub. 28. Pavonia Drummondii, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 682, the fruit at first 
 fleshy- but at length dry and separable. (Near M. mollis, DC, which has slender involucel- 
 late bractlets, &c.) — Texas, Louisiana, and Florida. (Adj. Mex., Cuba.) 
 
 19. KOSTELETZKYA, Presl. (Prof. V. F. Kosteletzky, of Prague.) 
 — Perennial herbs (chiefly of N. and Central America), with cordate or sagit- 
 tate and sometimes lobed leaves, and axillary or somewhat racemose or paniculate 
 flowers. — Rel. Haenk. ii. 130, t. 70; Endi. Gen. 982; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 79, 
 t. 132. Pentagonocarpus, Mich. ace. to Pari. Fl. Ital. v. 105. 
 
 § 1. Column long and filiform, at length exserted and much surpassing the 
 erect convolute corolla. — § Ortliopetalum, Benth. PI. Hartw. 285. 
 
 K. Thurberi, Gray. Herbaceous? 5 to 10 feet high, scabrous-puberuleut, not hirsute: 
 leaves round-cordate and angulately 3-lobed (lower not seen) or uppermost oblong-ovate and 
 acuminate, serrulate, roughish-pubescent with 3-4-rayed short hairs, especially the lower 
 face : flowers numerous in a loose and naked compound panicle : bractlets of the involucel 
 setaceous, a line or two long : calyx 3 lines long, not accrescent : corolla less than inch long, 
 rose-color, outer face obscurely puberulent : stamens rather few near the apex of the fili- 
 form column : capsule 3 lines high, glabrate, acutely 5-lobed, hispid along the angles. — 
 Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 314. A', paniculata, Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 40, not Benth. — Canon 
 near Cocospera, Sonora, Mex., at considerable distance below the Arizona boundary, 
 Thurber, Schott. (Mex.) 
 
 § 2. Column not longer than the widely open petals. 
 
 * Flowers small : involucel of very few and setaceous bractlets : petals only quarter or half 
 inch long: leaves hardly any hastate. (Like the preceding extra-limital.) 
 "R" . digitata, Gray. Roughly stellular-pubescent, paniculately much branched, slender, 
 probably low : leaves digitately 3-5-parted into lanceolate or linear denticulate divisions ; 
 petioles hispid : flowers racemose, slender-peduncled : corolla apparently purplLsh : capsule 
 setose at the angles; seeds glabrous. — Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 289. — Yatjui River, Sonora, 
 Palmer. (Mex.) 
 
 TT . Coulteri, Gray. Hispidulous and the slender low stems or branches sparsely hispid : 
 leaves small (barely inch long), cordate, either 3-5-lobed or deeply 3-5-cleft : peduncles 
 mostly axillary, not surpassing the petioles: corolla yellow (?) : capsule setose at tlie 
 angles; seeds glabrous. — PI. Wright, i. 23. — Yaqui River, Sonora, Palmer.^ (Sonora 
 Alta, Mex., Th. Coulter.) 
 
 1 Add Meehan's Monthly, ii. 177, t. 2. 
 
 2 According to Dr. E. Palmer the fruit, both raw and cooked, is eaten in Texas, where it bears the 
 name of " May-apple." 
 
 8 A second and doubtful form, with larger more deeply 5-7-parted leaves, has since been coll. by 
 Dr. Palmer, near Guaymas, Mex., and is mentioned by Dr. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. xxiv. 41. One 
 or both these forms may be referable to K. pnlmnia, Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 19 (K. hispidula, Garcke, 
 Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berl. i. 223) ; see Garcke in Engl. Jahrb. xxi. 395. 
 
Hibhcus. MALVACi:.!:. 333 
 
 * * Floweralarger, the rose-colored petals an inch or moro in longth: hmctleU of involurel 
 filiform or setaceous-suhulate, rather Hhortor than the calvx : i*oo«l« cAriuaU<ribbe<l on the 
 
 l.aik. 
 
 K. smilacifolia, Oka v. slender, Rlahrous or barely pul*erulent. 2 f«-ct or more high : 
 leaves all but the lowtst iiastate with lonf^ middle lobo linear-lanceolate and entire or 
 denticulate and the lateral lobes* mo(*tly linear: branclu-M few-tiiiwere<i : calvx niinutrlv 
 
 canesceut : ca|i!*ule his|)id, angles littler salient; seeds nlabr<ju«, very obscunlv linea(4>. 
 
 n. Wright, i. 23; Ciiaimi. Fl. ed. 2, 610. I/ihisrus (/'fri/iix/wrmiim) imiliirifj.ut, Shuttl. 
 in distr. pi. Hugel, no. l(«,. /('(/»■ (iray, 1. c. — Low grounds, Ijctwecn the Mauale* Kiver rikI 
 Sara/.ota Bay, S. Florida, Rmjil. 
 
 K. Virginica, Pkksi,. Stellular-jjuberulent, cinereous or green, atnl iMimewhal ncabnjuii, 
 3 to T) feet high : lower leaves corilate and often angulate or coarsely few t<Mithed, alsoiuTru- 
 late : upper or some of them lanceolate-hastate (2 to 6 inches long), the lateral loben or 
 auricles short and triangular : calyx cauescent : capsule hirsute, or hispid when yming, tlio 
 rounded lobes slightly larinate-aiigled ; seeds as of the j>reee<ling. — I'n-sl in (Jray, fJen. 111. 
 ii. 80, t. 132; Gray, Man. ed. 2, 68; C:hai)m. Fl. 57, partly. Uilnsmx I'lnjiuirut, U. Sfiec. ii. 
 697; Jacq. Ic. Kar. t. 142? Torr. Fl. X. Y. i. 114. //. cli/i^alus 1 Walt. Car. 177. 
 //. jientaspermiis, Nutt. Am. Jour. Sci. v. 298. Paroiiiti Virginini, Spreng. Syst. iii. 98. — 
 Swamps near the co:ist, New York to Louisiana.' 
 
 K. althesefolia, Gr.vy.^ lioughish-tomentose with stellular hairs and finer down and 
 l)raiiclies ruuglily stellular-hirsute: leaves cordate, acuminate, and np|MT dvate-lanrenlate 
 with suhcordate liase and usually some of them hiu*tate: calyx stellularhir>ute as well as 
 cauescent: capsule hirsute-hispid, carinate-angled ; .^eeds glabrous, striate-Iineate on the 
 sides. — PI. Wright, i. 23 (genus indicated but no specific de.scr.), &. in Wats. Uibl. Index, 136 
 (first publication as s])ecics). A'. Vin/inira, var. nlthnt j'olin, Chapm. Fl. 57. A', haftntn, 
 Griseb. Cat. Cub. 28, not Presl. Ifilnsnis llifjiuirus, Michx. Fl. ii. 46; Ell. Sk. ii. 167. at 
 least partly. //. {Pfiiliisiximiim) oliheitfoliiis, Shuttl. in distr. jd. Kugil. no. 102. ? Mulnt 
 abuti/oidfis, Pursh, Fl. ii. 454, not L. — Marshes, chiefiy along the vaoKt, Cardiiia to FK(ri<la 
 and Texas. (Cuba.) 
 
 20. HIBtSCUS, L. RosK Mallow. (Name of Dioscori.loH for Marsh 
 Mallow.) — Herbs, .shrubs, or even trees, of wariii-teinperate and trojiirai roun- 
 tries, mostly witli showy flowers produced in summer and autumn. — (Jen. no. 
 562 (exol. syn.) ; DC. Prodr. i. 446; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. «1, t. i;}:3 (with AM- 
 moschus) ; Benth. &, Hook. Gen. i. 207. 
 
 § 1. EuHlBi'sCUS. Calyx 5-cleft, not spathaoeous, persistent, as al.-io mostly 
 the distinct bractlets of the involucel : capsule simply 5-celled. — Hibiscus, Kndl. 
 Gen. 982 ; Gray, 1. c. 
 
 * MALVAviscofnES. Corolla cylindraceons, the petals .strongly convolute and envt or only 
 at summit spreading, but not anriculate : cidumn at length exserteil : seeds rather numer- 
 ous, clothed with long cottony wo<d. — Part of Cnmnntiii, DC. of liombicflla, (irisoti. 
 
 H. tubiflorUS, DC. Frutescent or shrubby, with slender branches, hin«utely stellular- 
 pubescent or on the stems hispidulous: leaves cordate or sultoonlate. wrnite. s«>metiine« 
 angulate or 3-lobed : peduncles recurving, l-fiowered. h«nger than the jK'ti.des and upi^-r 
 longer than the leaves: bractlets of the involucel about 10. slender, hanily etjnallinir the 
 fructiferous calyx: corolla bright crim.son, an inch long. — PnMlr. i. 447 ; A. DC. Cal<(Ue« 
 des Dess. t. 83; Gray, Proc. Am. .Acad. xxii. .302. //. li<iiirr,>fh\inu>, M.icf.idyen. Fl. Jam. 
 70; GrifJeb. F"l. W.' Ind. 85. //. tnnimtus. A. Rich. Fl. Cub. 144. t. 16. //. I\rppi<iii, 
 Garcke, Jahresb. Naturwiss. Ver. Halle, 1849-50, 133. //. Floridanu». Shutll. in dirtr. 
 
 1 A specimen somewhat intermediate as to pubescence bt^wccn this specie* and K. altkftr/olitt hu 
 been collected at .Stockton. Marvlaml, bv Rusbtj. 
 
 2 This name is arbitrarily al'tereJ to' A'. nlth.ri/„lin by Dr. Ruxby (Mem. Torr. Club, v. 224'. who, 
 overlooking the prior publication in Watson's Ilibl. Index, cites the species as Li* own. 
 
334 MALVACE^. Hibiscus. 
 
 pi, Rugel, no. 104; Chapm. Fl. 58. Achania pilosa, Swartz, Prodr. 102, & FI. Ind. Occ. 
 ii. 1224; Ait. Kew. ii. 459. A. PcLppiyii, iS-preug. Syst. iii. 100. Malvavis-us jiilosus, DC. 
 Prodr. i. 445. M. Floriilanus, Nutt. Jour. Acad. Philad. vii. 89 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 229. — 
 Keys of Florida. ( W. Ind., Mex.) 
 
 # * BoMBicELLA, DC. Corolla widely spreading in authesis: calyx mostly 5-parted or 
 deeply 5-elet't : seeds rather numerous, bearing lung cottony wool. 
 
 H. Coulteri, Harvey. Suffruticose and a foot or more high, or more shrubby and 6 to 8 
 feet high, strigosely liirsute with few-rayed stellular hairs: leaves (about an inch in diame- 
 ter) of rounded or ovate outline ; lowest commonly undivided, cordate or ovate, incisely 
 serrate and slightly lobed ; upper 3 -cleft and the lobes ovate or some 3-5-parted into narrower 
 serrate lobes, sometimes all 3-5-parted : flowers few, long-pedunded : bractlets of the 
 involucel 10 to 14, linear-setaceous, rigid, inch or less long, about the length of the attenuate- 
 lanceolate 3-nerved lobes of tiie 5-parted calyx, both sparsely hispid with simple rigid hairs: 
 petals broad, inch to inch and a half long, "lemon- or sulphur-yellow and commonly purple- 
 tinged : capsule glabrous, shorter than the calyx. — Harvey in Gray, I'l. Wright, i. 23.— 
 W. Texas to S. Arizona in the mountains, Wright, Thurber, Havard, &c. (Adj. Mex., 
 Berlandier, Th. Coulter, Gref/f/, &c.) 
 
 H. RiBiFOLius, Gray.i Proc. Am. Acad. v. 154, is a nearly related species of Lower 
 California ; also H. biseptus, Wats., of Chihuahua. 
 
 H. denudatus, Besth. Suffruticose, a foot or two high, canescent-tomeutose : leaves 
 ovate to rotund, slightly if at all cordate, half inch or inch long, slightly .serrate : flowers 
 short-pedunded in the axils and conmionly along the somewhat naked flexuous summit of 
 the branches : involucel of 4 to 7 short setaceous bractlets, sometimes half the length of the 
 5-parted canescent-tomeutose calyx, sometimes shorter or almost obsolete : petals lavender- 
 purple, half inch or more long : capsule nearly glabrous. — Bot. Sulph. 7, t. 3 (a more 
 brauched form, leafy to the top) ; Gray, PI. Wright, i. 22, var. involccellAtcs (form with 
 involucel more developed); Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 40. — El Paso, borders of Texas to 
 Arizona, and borders of California. (Lower Calif., adj. Mex.) 
 
 * * * Ketmia. Corolla spreading or open in anthesis : calyx herbaceous, applied to or 
 filled by the fruit: seeds from glabrous to hirsute. — Ketmia, Tourn. Inst. 99, t. 26. 
 
 -i- Calvx 5-parted into lanceolate acuminate spreading lobes in the manner of the preceding : 
 woulil be referred to that .section but for the naked seed. 
 H. cardioph^Uus, Gray. Herbaceous from a lignescent perennial base, canescent- 
 tomeutose : stems a foot or more high, equably leafy to top : leaves round-cordate, obtu.se, 
 more or less crenate, 2 inches or less wide, slender-petioled : peduncles surpassing the 
 leaves: involucel of about 10 spatulate-lanceolate 3-nerved tomentose bractlets, rather 
 shorter than the calyx, which considerably surpasses the glabrous capsule : petals deep 
 rose-red or "vermilion-red" {Palmer), an inch long: seeds ratlier few, puberulciit. — PI. 
 Wright, i. 22, not Baill.— S. W. borders of Texas, Wright. (Adj. Mex., Th. Coulter, Ber- 
 landier, Greyij, &c.) 
 
 -)— -f— Calyx 5-cleft or 5-toothed, campanulate. 
 ++ Shrub, native of Armenia. 
 H. SvRfACDS, L. (Shrubby- Altii.ea of gardeners.) Tall shrub, nearly glabrous: leaves 
 rhombic-ovate, incisely dentate, mostly 3-lobed : flowers short-peduucled in the upper axils: 
 petals often 2 inches long, ro.se-color, varying to white, dark i)urple at base. — Spec. ii. 605. 
 — Escaped from cultivation in some parts of Atlantic States, but hardly naturalized ; - fl. late 
 summer. (Cult, from the Old World.) 
 
 ++ ++ Tall perennial herbs (the first species shrubby in the tropics), large-flowered. 
 
 1 This species, rediscovered at San -Ios(5 del Cabo by Brnnrlegee, is to be distin£jui.«hed by its pubes- 
 cent capsule, the fruit of //. Cotdteri being glabrous. The leaves of //. ribifulius are spariiiirly pubes- 
 cent, even in the type, not glabrous as originally described, and the flowers are sulphur-yellow instead 
 of purple. 
 
 2 Now fully naturalized in various places from Pennsylvania to Georgia, ace. to Dr. Small. 
 
Ilihiscus. iMAI.VACK.lO. 335 
 
 == Bractlets of the involucel filiform or nearly 8o, niontly 2-forke<I or liilatod at tip, or with 
 one or two lateral lohe.s : fiowen* sliDrt-jM-diMKlcd : corolla vl-IIow : ralyx Mi<mtly hiopid or 
 hirsute, its tube 10-riblied, commonly an oldong j^land on Ihi- midrib of ihc loUi» . cap- 
 sule strigose-hispid ; seeds glai)ron». 
 
 H. furcellatus, I^am. Shruliliy, minutely tomentosf, cint-rriiutt : leaven n.nlate. rommonlv 
 an^;ul:iU- or .i-lobed, dentiiulaie : condla .'J inchcH long: calyx ami rapwuli- inch or morn 
 long.— Diet. iii. :ibS; Ciiapm. VI ed. 2, GlO. — Siiures of Indian Uivcr, S. Ih.rida, fulmrr, 
 t'uiliss; porhajjs adveutivc. (Cuba. S. Am ) 
 
 H. aculeatus, Walt. Herbaceous, 2 to f. feet higii. very rough hihj.idulous : loavei* Kn-<?n, 
 roundish in outline, lower somewhat cordalt! or riMiiforni and angulatc or .3 Itjiiod ; uptier 
 .3-5-cleft or parted into obovate or s|iatulatc or narrower an<l often Lieiniate-dentate divi- 
 sious: petals 2 inches long, with dark ])urple l);use. — Car. 177; I'oir. Supj)l. iii. 220 ; Torr. 
 &Gray, Fl. i. 236. //. scaber, .Michx. Fl. ii. 45; Ell. Sk. ii. IC'J. — Kdge.s of ^wamI». S. 
 Carolina to Florida and Louisiana. 
 
 = = Bractlets of involucel entire, slender, numerous: flowers moderately long-|M>diin( led : 
 stems stout, 3 to 8 feet high. 
 
 a. Herbage tomentosc or cauesceut, at lea,-<t the lower face of the leaves : cai>snli.- with v.:i]\» 
 hairy inside ; seeds glabrous, concentrically lineolate when dry, at full maturity minutely 
 
 and sparsely papillose. 
 
 H.* lasiocarpos, Cav.i Stem pubescent : leaves more or less velvety-tomentose lioth »idc«, 
 cordate or sul)curilate, acuminate, crenately dentate, some angulate or slightly S-lolK'd (4 to 
 6 or larger 8 inches long) ; upper ones often ovate-lanceolate : bractlets more or le.««s ciliate 
 with villous or hirsute hairs : calyx-loi)es at maturity prominently 5-7-nerved : corolla wliit« 
 or pale rose-color with crimson or deep purjde centre, the j)etals 3 or 4 inches long: cn|n>ulo 
 hirsute. — Diss. iii. 159, t. 70, f. 1 (oidy uppermoi*t leaves figured); Gray, I'roe. Am. Acacl. 
 xxii. 302 (excl. syn. //. gnnnlijlorus):- II. i/ratKliflorus, 'I'orr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ii. 172; Torr. 
 & Gray, Fl. i. 238, in part; Gray, Man. ed. 5, 102 ; not Michx. — Marshes, coa.«.t of Georgia 
 to Louisiana, thence north to Tennessee, S. Illinois, S. Mi.s.souri, and \V. Arkan.«a«.' I'ul**- 
 cence soft-velvety : the species westward passing into 
 
 Var. OCCidentalis, Gray, 1. c. 303. Leaves more uniformly cordate : capsule le«a 
 hirsute i>ut densely i)ub(>scent. — //. Moxchentos ? var. orcideiitaHs, Torr. Rot. Wilkes Kxjk"*!. 
 256. II. Ca/i/orn'irns, Kellogg. Proc. Calif. Acad. S.i. iv. 292; Brew. & Wats. Rot. Calif, i. 
 87 ; Wats. ibid. ii. 437.* - California on the Sacrament<» and San Joa<iuin ; first colL by 
 Pirkrrinf) & BrarJcenridge. (Mex. near Janos, Chihuahua, Tltmlur.) 
 
 H.* grandiflorus, Mirnx. Stem soon glabrous : leaves ample, S-lobed, covered on Imth 
 surfaces with a close pale tomentum, cane.scent beneath ; l<d)es ovate, irregularly crenate or 
 even incisely serrate, acute : bractlets of the involucels finely tomentose but not hispid-<iliate : 
 corolla very large, 5 or 6 inches long. — Fl. ii. 46 ; Ell. Sk. ii. 166 ; Torr. & (Jniy. Fl. i. 23.'<, 
 in part. //. lasiorarpus, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 302, 303. as to syn. //. uraiidijiorus. — 
 Rracki.sh marshes. Florida, Michnux, Ciirtisit, Nash, and Georgia Jide Michaux, who also 
 extends the range westward to the Mississippi. 
 
 H. Moscheutos, L. Leaves canescent beneath with minute and close down. less so or 
 glahrate and green above, ovate with rounded or subcf>rdate ba.se, acuminate ; some lower 
 ones angulately 3-.=)-lobed and incisely dentate and uppermost oblong-lanceolate ; ba.M« of 
 petiole and peduncle not rarely connate: bractlets and calyx canescent but not hairy ; IoIk»« 
 of the latter nearly nerveless : petals 2 to 4 inches long, light r.>se-rolor or white, with 
 crim.son-purple ba.se: capsule short-ovoid, glabrous. — Si)ec. ii. 693; 'I'orr. & (iniy. Fl i. 
 237; Grav, Man. 1. c, & Gen. 111. ii. t. 133. //. Mo'^rhntton, & //. pnlustns. L. Sih-c. ii. 69.1 
 (Cornut. Canad. t. 145 ; Moris. Hist. ii. sect. 5, t. 19. f. 6) ; Cav. Diss. iii. t. 65 ; Willd. Spec. 
 
 1 Description and svnonvmy nlfered to exclude the next following upecies, which, as Dr. Small haa 
 pointed out (Bull. Torr. Club, xxiii. 127, 128), is with little doubt distinct. 
 
 2 Add Watson, Gnnl. & For. i. 425. 
 
 8 Also in Hemphill and Moore Counties, Texas, Cnrltton, Jide Holzinpcr, Contrib. V. S. NaU 
 Herb. i. 203. 
 
 * Add Watson, Card. & For. i. fig. 68 on p. 426 (without varietal name). 
 
336 MALVACEAE. Hibiscus. 
 
 iii. 806, 808. B. Moscheutos, Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. t. 286 ; Lindl. Bot. Reg. xxxiii. t. 7 ; 
 Fl. Series, xii. t. 1233.1 H. palustris, Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 882; Liudl. Bot. Reg. t. 1463; 
 Jacksou, Jour. Linn. Soc. xix. 9. //. Carolinianus, Chapni. Fl. 58. //. roseus, Thore in 
 Loisel. Fl. Gall. ii. 434 ; DC. Prodr. i. 450 ; Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. t. 277 ; & H. cnjuatictis, 
 DC. Fl. Fr. ed. 3, vi. 627, & Prodr. 1. c. ; the plant nat. in S. Eu. — Swamps, mostly brack- 
 ish, Canada near L. Erie and L. Ontario, to Florida and E. Texas, but chiefly near the 
 coast. 
 H. incanus, Wkvdl. Leaves mostly ovate-lauccolate and merely serrate : petals sulpliur- 
 yellow with crimson ba.>;e : otherwise as //. Mosc/ieutos. — Bot. Beub. 54, & Hort. Ilerrenh. 
 "fasc. 4, 8, t. 24; Willd. Spec. iii. 807 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 237; Chapm. Fl. 57. —Swamps, 
 S. Carolina to Florida and Alabama ; first coll. by Bartram. 
 
 b. Herbage glabrous and green throughout, very smootii: calyx accrescent, looser and thin- 
 meml)ranaceous in fruit: walls of capsule (always 1) glabrous within ; seeds pubescent. 
 
 H. COCCineus, Walt. Leaves ample ; lower palmately or pedately 5-7-parted into lanceo- 
 late acuminate divisions (4 to 8 inches long) ; uppermost hastately 3-cleft or ovate and 
 3-lobed, with middle lobe caudate-acuminate : calyx in fruit 2 inches long, deeply 5-cleft, 
 much surpassing the glabrous capsule, the lobes triangular-lanceolate : petals deep red, 
 spatulate-obovate, 3 to 5 inches long, widely spreading. — Car. 177 ; Bartr. Trav. 104 ; Torr. 
 & Gray, Fl. i. 238 ; Chapm. Fl. 58 ; Meehan, Native Flowers, ser. 1, ii. t. 1. H. speciosus, 
 Ait. Kew. ii. 456; Wendl. "Hort. Herrenh. fasc. 2, 15, t. 11 "; Curtis, Bot. Mag. t. 360; 
 Michx. Fl. ii. 47 ; Harton, Fl. N. A. i. 33, t. 9. — Swamps of Georgia and Florida, near the 
 coast; first coll. by Bartram. (S. Am.) 
 
 Var. integrifolius, Chapm. A form with only moderately 3-cleft or angulate-lobed 
 but more serrate leaves. — Fl. ed. 2, 610.^ — E. Florida, in deep marshes, Chapman. 
 
 H. militaris, Cav. Less tall : leaves mainly hastate, the middle lobe ovate-lanceolate and 
 acuminate, but some upper ones only deltoid- or ovate-lanceolate, and lower broadly sub- 
 cordate and 3-cleft : calyx slightly 5-lobed, becoming oblong-campanulate and at length 
 ovoid, loosely enclosing the puberulent or glabrous capsule, the lobes incumbent : petals 
 pale flesh-color with purple base, broad, 2 or 3 inches long, moderately spreading from erect 
 base. —Diss. vi. 352, t. 198, f. 2; Willd. Spec. iii. 808; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2385 ; Torr. & 
 Gray, Fl. i. 238. H. laevis, "Scop. Del. Flor. iii. 35, t. 17." H. Virginicus, Walt. Car. 177, 
 not L. H. hastaliis, Michx. Fl. ii. 45. //. riparius, Pers. Syn. ii. 254. H. Carolinianus, 
 Muhl. Cat. 63, & probably Ell. Sk. ii. 168. — Wet banks of rivers, Pennsylvania to Minne- 
 sota and southward to Florida and Texas. 
 H. Rosa-Sinensis, L. Shrub with very smooth green leaves and large intensely red 
 
 flowers, may sometimes escape from cultivation in S. Florida and S. Texas, but hardly. 
 
 * * * * Trionitm, DC. Corolla rotately spreading, open only for a few hours in sun- 
 shine : calyx vesicular-inflated and closed over the globular capsule : seeds not woolly. — 
 Trionum, Medic. Malv. 46. 
 
 H. Tri^ncm, L. (Flower-of-an-hour.) Annual, low, sparsely hispid or glabrate: lowest 
 leaves round or cordate and 3-lobed ; upper 3-5-parted into cuneate-oblong or spatulate and 
 incised divisions, the middle one of upper leaves longer and lanceolate : calyx soon scarious 
 and green-nerved : corolla sulphur-color or nearly white with a brown-purple eye : seeds 
 muricate-papillose. — Spec. ii. 697 ; Curtis, Bot. Mag.^. 209 ; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. v. 
 t. 181. //. ColUnsiana, Xutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 237, as to pi. Ware. U. pallidus, Raf. 
 Jide Wats. Bibl. Index, 135. — Spontaneous about gardens, and especially in the Mississippi 
 Val. becoming a troublesome weed on cultivated ground. (Nat. from Eu., &c.) 
 
 § 2. Abelmoschus. Calyx spathaceon.s, 5-toothed, splitting down one side 
 and deciduous from or near the base : bractlets distinct, often deciduous : capsule 
 5-celled, many-seeded. — § Manihot and part of Abelmoschus, DC. Abelmoschus, 
 Medic. Malv. 45. Introduced tropical annuals. 
 
 1 Add Meehan's Monthly, ii. 161, t. 11. 
 
 2 Add syn. H. semilobatus, Chapm. Fl. ed. 3, 52. 
 
Cienfucjosia. M ALVAC'K.i:. 337 
 
 H. MAnihot, L. Tall and stout, glalirouw, wiili Home lirLstly hairs on tlic linmrhfn and HtaiU: 
 leaves large, ])aliiiately or jiedalelv 5-'J-|jarted into Ion;; and narrow ioU-s : l.r.K tU-l* til.U.ng- 
 lanceolate, persistent for some lime : lorolia 4 or T) in.iii!* in diameter, pali- yi Uow or blraw- 
 color with a dark purple i-ye : capsule oldong, liisj.id, es|)ctially on tin- an'gl.-H. — .'^jR-f. ii. 
 696 ; Michx. Fl. ii. 45 ; Sims, Hot. Mag. t. I7i)2, & Hook. Hot. Mag t. .-Mil' (the var. /«./m«. 
 <«A-, witii upper leaves cleft into ovate-lameolato inci.Hely herrate lolien) ; Torr. & (;rav, Kl. 
 i. 2.J6. //. Culllnsidiia, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. '2'.il, partly. — Sparing! v Mp<intaneou» iu most 
 soutlierly Atlantic States. (Nat. ? from S. K. Asia.) 
 
 H. E.SCLLESTL-.S, L. (Okka, Go.muo.) Low, liairy or glahrate. not liristly : leav.-H njunUwl 
 and 5-lol)ed, lol)es broad : Howers on short stout pedunelus: hmctlets narrowly linear, cadu- 
 cous : corolla 3 or 4 inches in diameter, yellow, with purple eye : capsule ohlong-lan<-eolttUj 
 or narrower, 4 to 6 iuches long (when young and mucilaginous used foro/l/aor 7'»»/i/«noup). 
 — Spec. ii. 61)6 ; Cav. Di.ss. t. 61 ; Desc. Fl. Aut. iv. t. 269. //. Collinsiamt, Torr. & (;niv. 
 1. c. partly, not ^■utt. — Kather cult, than nat. in S. Atlantic States. (Nat.? from Africa 
 via W. Ind.) 
 
 §3. Paritium. Involucel a campanulate 8-1 0-toothed or -cleft cup: calyx 
 5-cleft : capsule with the 5 cells more or less bilocellate by a dorsal thin-nicm- 
 branaceous and indehiscent bilamellar intruded false partition ; seeds num<'rous : 
 stipules oblong, caducous. — Paritium, A. Juss. in St. llil. Fl. Bras. Mirid. i. 2.')'t. 
 — Tropical trees or high shrubs : yield Cuba bast, &c. 
 
 H. TiLiAcEis, L. Leaves ample, round-cordate, short-acuminate, entire or ohscurelv crenat*-, 
 glabrous or glabrate above, tomentulose-canescent beneath, and liearing a linear gland on 
 ba.se of one or more of the ribs : involucel and calyx persistent: petals yellow, hardlv over 
 2 inches long : seeds glabrous or merely pulierulcnt. — Spec. ii. 694; De.sc. Fl. Ant. ii. t. 
 148; Chapm. Fl. 58. Paritium tiliacenm, A. Juss. in St. llil. Fl. Hras. .Mcr. i. 255; Gri.<el>. 
 Fl. W. Ind. 86. — Keys of S. Florida; prol)ably a natural introduction from W. In<l. (All 
 tropical shores, probably of Old World origin, while the large-flowered hairj-.seeded //. 
 I'lalus, Swartz, is iniiigeuous in America.) 
 
 21. THESPfiSIA, Solander. (©co-Trt'o-io?, divine or excellent.) — Mo.stly 
 tropical trees or shrubs, with ample cordate and entire leaves, and large Howt-rs ; 
 habit of Bibiscus, § Paritium. — Solander in Correa, Ann. Mus. Par. ix. 290, 
 t. 8, f. 2 ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 208. Malvaviscus, Ga^rtn., not Dill. 
 
 T. POP^TLNEA, Solander, 1. c Low tree : leaves green, barely puberulent : 1 -flowered jieduncle.s 
 shorter than the petioles: petals 2 inches long, yellow and puridisii : fruit globose, over an 
 inch in diameter. — DC. Prodr. i. 456; Wight, Ic. i. t. 8 ; Griseb. Fl. W. Ind. 87. Ilihisrus 
 popnlncus, L. Spec. ii. 694; Cav. Diss. iii. t. 56, f. 1. — Keys of Florida, Curliss ; probably 
 introduced from W. Ind. (Most tropical shores, probably of Old World origin.) 
 
 22. CIENFUEGOSIA, Cav. (B. Cienfuegos, a Spanish l)otanist of the 
 time of Bauhin.) — SulTrutico.se or suffrutcscent plant,s, with the habit of the 
 smaller Bihisci, mostly yellow-flowered. — Cav. Diss. iii. 174, t. 72, f. 2. Fugosia, 
 Ju.ss. Gen. 274 ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 208. Cienfuegia, Willd. Spec iii. 72:1. 
 Redoutea, Vent. Descr. PI. Nouv. Jard. Cels, t. 11. [Htvi.>;ed by B. L. 
 
 ROBINSOX.] 
 
 C* sulphurea, Gaucke. Ilorbaoeous or nearly so, almost glabrous: stems ascending, 
 barelv a foot high : leaves oval, inch or two long, repand-dcntate, rather long-|)eti<d«Ml ; j)e- 
 dnncies about erinalling tlie sul)tending leaves: involucel of 7 to '.t linear or ."palul.-ito- 
 lance(date bractlets, little shorter than the deejdy 5-cleft calyx : petals gn»enish yellow or 
 suli)liur-yellow, nearly inch long: stigmas 4 or 5: cap.<?ule globular, glabnms; hccIk 2 in 
 each cell, tomentulose. — Bonidandia, viii. 1.50; Morong & Hritton, Ann. N. V. Arad. S<i. 
 vii. 60. Fugosia sulfiirrn, St. llil. Fl. Hr:is. Merid. i. 252, t. 49. /'. !>rummon<ti{. Gray. I'l 
 Wright, i. 23 & ms. of present work ; J. G. Smith, Kep. Mo. Hot. Card. vi. 113, t. 49. /.7i- 
 
338 MALYACE.E. Cienfueyosia. 
 
 durandia Texana, Buckley, Proc. Acad. Pliilad. 1861,450. — Texas, Gonzales, Drummond, 
 Corpas Christi, Heller, aud lower Rio Graude, Gen. Eutun. (Also S. Brazil and Paraguay, 
 Moromj.) 
 C* heterophylla, Garcke, 1. c. Shrubby, with slender spreading branches, almost gla- 
 brous : leaves ironi oval to linear-lanceolate and linear, entire, or some coarsely 3-5-toothed, 
 etjualled or .surpassed by the peduncle, this clavate at summit : involucel of very few aud 
 minute subulate bracelets or nearly obsolete : calyx dark-dotted, 5-parted : petals half inch 
 long, yellow with purple base : stigmas and valves of capsule 3 or 4 ; seeds few, densely 
 woolly. — Fugosia hetetophj/lla, Spach, Hist. Veg. iii. 397 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4218 ; Chapm. 
 Fl. ed. 2, 609. Redoutea helerophi/lla, Yeut. 1. c. ; DC. 1. c. 457. — Keys of Florida, where 
 first coll. by Blodc/ett. (W. lud., S. Am.) 
 
 23. INGENHOtJZIA, DC. (Br. John Ingenhousz, distinguished vege- 
 table physiologist.) — Prodr. i. 474. I'Imvberia, Gray, PI. Thurb. 308; Torr. 
 Bot. Mex. Bound. 40, t. 6. (Bractlets of involucel not cordate, as inadvertently 
 stated in Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 209.) 
 
 I. triloba, DC. 1. c. Suffrutescent perennial, 4 to 10 feet high, glabrous througliout, with 
 .slender branches : leaves 3-parted or some pedately 5-parted into lanceolate acuminate entire 
 divisions, or uppermost entire and lanceolate, slender-petioled, black-dotted as also branchlets : 
 stipules small and very caducous : peduncles axillary and above subcorymbose : petals wliite 
 turning rose-color, dark-dotted, inch long: capsule half inch long. — A. DC. Cah^ues des 
 Dess. p. 6, note. Thurheria thespesioides, Gray, 1. c. Gossypium Tliurberi, Todaro, I'rodr. 
 Gossyp. 7, & Rel. Cult. Coton. 120. — Canons of S. Arizona. (Adjacent States of Mexico; 
 first rediscovered by Thuj-ber.) 
 
 24. GOSStTIUM, L. Cotton. (The late Latin name of Cotton plant.) 
 — Tropical herbs or shrubs, cult, as annuals in warm-temperate regions, of a 
 very uncertain number of ill-defined species ; ours probably two, which have been 
 intermixed by crossing, having palmately 3-o-lobed leaves and corolla sulphur- 
 color or whiter, changing to rose-color at or before fading. — Syst. Nat. ed. 1, 
 & Gen. no. 559 ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 209.^ 
 
 G. herbAcedm, L. (Upland Cotton.) Herbaceous as cultivated, either pubescent or gla- 
 brous : leaves with broadly ovate lobes : bractlets of the involucel roundish, much shorter 
 than the corolla : capsule globular ; seeds with a close persistent wool under the long cotton. 
 — Spec. ii. 693. — Cultivated through S. Atlantic States, &c. ; and a form of it (G. i-eligio- 
 sum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 185, Nankin Cotton) with tawny cotton, frutescent and run wild 
 on the coast of Florida and Texas, probably from W. Indies. 
 
 G. Barbadense, L. 1. c. Larger, from herbaceous to shrubby : leaves deeper cleft and with 
 longer more tapering lobes : bractlets of the involucel usually longer and more incised : 
 petals with a deep crimson spot at base : capsule larger, ovoid and pointed ; seeds smooth 
 and naked when separated from the long cotton. — Cult, on the coast, as Sea-island Cotton, 
 also upland. Of American origin. 
 
 ORDER XXVII. STERCULIACE^. 
 
 By A. Gray; the genus Nephropetalum by B. L. Robinson. 
 
 Trees, shrubs, or herbs (chiefly tropical or subtropical), with general characters 
 of Malvacece, except that the anthers are of two (or three) parallel cells and ex- 
 
 1 Add Schumann in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. 6, 51. An extended scientific and 
 economic treatment of the cultivated species of cotton has recently been issued from the Office of Ex- 
 periment Stations, U. S. Dept. Agric, as Bull. 33. 
 
Hermannia. STERCULIA( K.K. 330 
 
 trorse, the stamens not rarely redueed to five, iIr-sc (or tin- ph:ilaii;,'fh) o|)|K)hiie the 
 petals or the jjlace of tliose when wautuig, as in SlerruUeit. 'lliib tribe in repre- 
 sented by Sterculia {Firmiami) platnnlj'oUa, of China, &e,, honn*tiuie« planted 
 southward, remarkable for havin;^ its large and thin follich-s op<,-nin;,' long before 
 maturity into a kind of h-af bearing two or three large seeds on the e<lgei». Tho 
 few N. Amtjrican members of the order are of two tribes. 
 
 TuiBE I. IIEUMANNIK.E. Flowers iH-rfcct, rwiminms. IV-tals plane, Ktron^Iy 
 convolute in ;estivation, usually niarcesueut. 
 
 1. HERMANNIA. Calyx deeply 5<U!ft I't'tals erect, ohovate, with iiivolut« rlawn. 
 Staiiiciis 5, with no trace of a second series ; filuiiieiitH nioiiadel|iti<>tif«at liiute, uiia|i[><-iulaKo<l. 
 Ovary 5-celled, inaiiy-ovulfd ; styles filifunn, lonniveiit, l»iil little if at all united. ('a|iHul« 
 6-celkd, luculicidal ; seeds reuiforni, wiiii a strongly arcuate narrow embryo in copious 
 Hesliy aU)uuien. 
 
 2. MELOCHIA. Calyx Snleft. Tetals spatulate or oblong. SUinieuH 5, nionadel|ihou» 
 below, sometimes as many interjiosed short teeth between the filaments. Ovary Swelled, a 
 pair of ovules in each cell; styles slender, united below, nearly distinct. Seeds mostly mili- 
 tary in each cell of the 5-angled capsule ; embryo straight in fleshy albumen, with broad 
 
 Hat cotyledons. 
 
 3. WALTHERIA. Calyx 5-toothed, turbinate, 10-nerved. Petals spatulate. Stamenn 5 ; 
 no intermediate teeth. I'istil of a single carjiel ; ovary 2-ovuled, i>ut biwer ovule infertile ; 
 style eccentric, filiform ; stigma penicillate. Follicle akene-like, usually dehiscent length- 
 wise; seed (ascending) and eml)ryo as iu Melochia. 
 
 Tribe II. BUETTXEKIE.E. Flowers perfect. Petals ligulate and cucullate. 
 Sterile stamens (staniinodia) alternate with the fertile series at summit of stamen- 
 tube. (Here Theobronia, the chocolate-tree.) 
 
 4. AYENIA. Calvx 5-partcd. Petals with a long concave claw, Itearing an nrceolate hood 
 at the iuflexed apex, which is more or less adnate with the urceolate summit of tho stamen- 
 tube. Fertile stamens 5, one in each sinus between truncate staniinodia ; antherx nhort. of 
 three parallel cells! Ovary stipitate, 5-celled, a pair of ovules in each cell; styles unitvd 
 into one, bearing a capitate or 5-lobed stigma. Capsule globular, muricaie. 5-<elled ; the 
 five 1-seeded carpels iu dehiscence separating from a central cUinin and septici.lally from 
 each other, tiien locniicidally 2-valved ; seeds transversely rugose ; albumen none ; embryo 
 straight, but the orbicular cotyledons longitudinally convolute. 
 
 5. NEPHROPETALUM. Calyx 5-parted. Petals unguiculate ; blade concave, renif.>rm, 
 with deep sinus, free at the apex,"neither a]»pendaged nor glandular. Stamens and sumino- 
 dia as in the last preceding genus. Ovary sessile, globose, 5-celle.l ; cells 2-ovuled : styles 
 simple, bearing capitate stigma. Capsule globular, muricate with pul)escent pr.K-esses ; r.-lls 
 by abortion 1-seeiled. 
 
 1. HERMANNIA, Tourn. (Paul Hermamu professor at L«ydiii, who 
 
 sent the first species to Tournefort.) — Inst. GoG, t. 432; Dill. Kith. t. 147; 
 
 L. Gen. no. 551 ; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 87, t. 135. — Large African (chit-Hy CajH-) 
 
 genus of frutescent plants, a few Mexican, and the following on our l>orders. 
 
 H. Texana Cray. Low, suffrutescent, tomentoseH-anescent with stellular pu»M-!Mcncc : 
 
 stipules iiiin'ute, deciduous; leaves roundish and subcordato, otwicurely serrate, inch or two 
 
 long : short axillarv peduncles looselv few-tlowered ; pedicels recurved in fruit : iM-taU dull 
 
 scarlet, 4 lines long: anther-cells with tapering tii)s: capsule globular, somewhat inllat.Ml. 
 
 lialf inch or le.'^s long, villose-tomentose, short-stipitate ; valves crested on the lack wuh 
 
 soft filiform proces.ses; seeds coarsely favose. - (Jen. 111. ii. S8. t. I.r'. (tigun- «r..Mg m 
 
 representing sprea.ling i.etals, single style, and erect cap.sules). PI. !..ndh. pt 2. 165. All. 
 
 Wright, i. 24.-Kocky soil, S. and W. Te.xas, Btrlamha; Wright, Lmdk»mrr.t,c. (Adj. 
 
 Mex.J 
 
340 STERCULIACE.E. Hi 
 
 ermannia. 
 
 H. pauciflora, Watson. Lower, diffuse, cinereous-tomentulose or partly glabrate : leaves 
 smaller, deltoid- or olilongovate, serrulate: peduucles 1 -flowered : petals 2 or 3 lines long, 
 yellow: antlier cells blunt: capsule oval and deeper-lobed, glabrate, more vescicular, 
 minutely toothed along the edges of the valves. — Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 368. — Mountains 
 near Tucson, S. Arizona, Pringle, Lemmon. (Mex., Palmer.) . * 
 
 2. MELOCHIA, Dill. (From meluchlye or meluchta, the Arabic name of 
 the orit'utal pot-herb Corchorus olitorius, L., but borrowed by the Arabs, through 
 the Syriac, from the Greek fiakdxr] or fioXoxr), the mallow.) — Elth. 221, t. 17(5 ; 
 L. Gen. no. 553 ; Griseb. Fl. W. Ind. 93 ; Schumann in Mart. Fl. Bras. xiii. 
 pt. 3, 27. — Tropical genus, barely on southern borders : flowers heterogone- 
 dimorphous, small. 
 
 § 1. EuMELOCHiA, Griseb. 1. c. Capsule pyramidal, simply loculicidal through 
 the salient or wing-like angles : no involucellate bractlets : calyx not enlarging : 
 leaves mainly with prominent and straight pinnate veins. — Melochia, DC. Prodr. 
 i. 490; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 85, t. 134. (Sectional name not well chosen, for 
 type of genus is of next section.) 
 
 M. pyramidata, L. Barely suffrutescent or even annual, glabrous : branches slender : 
 leaves olilong-lanceolate or lower obloug-ov.ate, serrate, thin : peduncles terminal or opposite 
 the leaves, loosely I -few-flowered : calyx-lobes lanceolate, subulate-acuminate, shorter than 
 the rose- or violet-red corolla : filaments monadelphous only at base : capsule almost vesicu- 
 lar, the wing-like angles with a salient point at base. — Spec. ii. 674 ; Cav. Diss. t. 172, f. 1 ; 
 Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 86, t. 134, & PI. Lindh. pt. 2, 165. Sida Sabeuna, Buckley, Proc. Acad. 
 Phil'ad. 1861 , 449. — Texas, in rocky soiL (All trop. Am.) 
 
 M. tomentosa, L. Shrubby, finely tomentose-canesceut : leaves rather firm, strongly 
 plicate-veined, ovate to oblong, crenate or serrate : flowers more numerous and clustered : 
 stamens monadelphous higher up: capsule tomentulose, with salient angles rounded or 
 obtusely pointed at base. — Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 1140 (Sloane. Hist. t. 139) ; Cav. Diss. t. 172, 
 f. 2 ; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 40. M. crenata, Vahl, Symb. iii. t. 68. — Near the lower Rio 
 Grande, Berlandier, Schott. (Trop. Am.) 
 
 § 2. RiEDLEA, Griseb. 1. c. Capsule globular and obscurely or moderately 
 5-lobed, loculicidal and at length also mostly septicidal into half valves : involucel 
 of 3 or more slender bractlets usually surpassing the unchanged calyx : venation 
 commonly of the preceding. — Riedlea, Vent. Choix Cels, t. 37. Riedleia, DC. 
 Prodr. i. 490, excl. spec. Melochia, Dill. Elth. 221, t. 176. 
 
 M. hirsuta, Cav. Suffmticose or herbaceous, 2 to 4 feet high, in the type silky-villous 
 rather than hirsute : leaves short-petioled, from ovate-lanceolate or ovate-subcordate to 
 oblong, serrate, often doubly serrate : flowers in small capitate clusters in axils of upper 
 leaves (mostly reduced to bracts), therefore interruptedly terminal-spicate : calyx short- 
 campanulate and with short ovate subulate-pointed lobes: corolla (anthesis matutinal) 
 purple or violet : stamens in short-styled flowers distinct to below the middle, in the cajiillarv 
 long-styled monadelphous throughout : capsule hirsute. — Diss. vi.'323, t. 17.5, f. 1 ; Tiiana & 
 Planch. Fl. Nov. Gran. 213 ; Schumann, 1. c. 4.5. M. serrata, St. Hil. & Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. 
 ser. 2, xviii. 36. Af. serrata, & M. hirmta, Griseb. Fl. W. Ind. 93, 94, the two heterogone 
 forms ! Riedlea serrata. Vent. Choix Cels, 37, t. 37. R. elonfjnta, Presl, Kel. Ilaenk. ii. 148, 
 but not "California ad Monterey." Mougeotia hirsuta, HBK. Nov. Gen. & Spec. v. 331. 
 (Trop. Am ) 
 
 Var. glabrescens, Gray. Thin-leaved and thinly pube.^cent. — Gray in Patterson, 
 Check-list, 1892, p. 1 7, name only. J^frhchia serrata, Chapm. Fl. ed. 2, 610. .1/. hirsuta, var. 
 Regnellii, Schumann, 1. c. t. 10, nearly. Riedlea serrata, var. glabrescens, Presl, 1. c. 147, by 
 character. — Low pine barrens, S. Florida, Garter, Citrtiss, &c. 
 
Ncphropetalum. STKKCl'LI ACK.t. 341 
 
 M. c<>kcuurik6lia, L. Ilcrtiaceuus, Hlightly hiHpi(iulou»-pube»reiit or aliiKMit glabruu* : 
 leaves uvuto ur siibeurdiite, thin, more liHjhely veined, rnontly Ion;; |ictiule«l : l1«Meri> ni|tiiai(>. 
 clustered at leafy summit uf Htem or Hliort branchletx : itcialit ^mull(•r, \mlv purpU' with 
 yellow claw.s. — Spec. ii. 675 (I'iuk. Aim. t. 44. f. 5; Dill. Klili. t. 17r,), ,|/, l„rtuta, (luipm. 
 1. c. ; Curtiss, distr. no. 400. — StrectH of Mobile, Suvannuli, and in ricoficid cmljuiknteuu, 
 Georgia, Feay, Curtiss. (Xat. from India.) 
 
 3. WALTHfiRIA, L. {A. F. Walther, pruf.sM.r in L.Mi.hic.) — TmiMoil 
 
 and sul>tri)|)i(:il MiHrulicoso phiuts : the coimuuu hpcnich uf wurltl-wide ilihtrihu- 
 tiou : sinall-lluwL'iLMl. — Geu. no. ;jr>2. 
 
 "W. Americana, L. Canesceul-tomentose liccoming fiilvoutt: leave-t from o\nt«- to niir- 
 rowly oMong, serrulate, plicate-veined: (lowers in dense a.xillary fjlomerulen, hIiIiIi are 
 sometimes all sessile, sometimes pedunculate and tin ii often ('om]H>nnd : bnictletx and ralvx- 
 lobes subulate, liirsute-villous. — Spec. ii. 67.3; DC. I'rodr. i. A'ri; Chnpm. ¥\. 5'J. — Ke)» of 
 l-'loiida. (Most tropics.) 
 
 "W. detonsa, Gkav. Minutely canc.xccnt, low and diffu.se : leaves round-oval Uj oblong, 
 somewhat serrulate, thin, with few and slender jirimary veins : (lowers in Binall 1<j«*o 
 glonjerules, some few se.-^sile in axils, mostly interruptedly spicate or concatenate on ^lend^•r 
 peduncle or along slender summit of stems: calyx and oviiry minutely canewent. — I'l. 
 Wright, ii. 24; Torr. Hot. Mex. Bound. 40. —S. Ari/.ona, 'r/imUr, W'riijht, I^mmun. (Ailj. 
 Mex.) 
 
 4. AY!fiNIA, L<pf1. {Due d'Ayen, hoiwww-A patron.) — SnfTruticosf. hniall- 
 Howered, all from warm parts of AnR-rica, iMiplidrliiaccons in liaMt. IVfiicU 
 axillary.— It. 199; L, Syst. Nat. ed. Kt, 1217. v.S: Gt-n. ed. 0, no. Ki^U; DC. 
 Prodr. i. 487 ; Scliumann, 1. c. 101. 
 
 A. pusilla, L. Low and diffuse from a ligneous base, pubcrulent : leaves most variable, 
 from orliicular or subcordate to narrowly lanceolate, .sernite or wnnelimes entire, fmm a 
 quarter to inch and a half long, slender-petioled : (lowers solitary or 2 or 3 in Hhort-|Kxluncle«l 
 fascicle: petals with nearly capillary claws and with a dorsal appendage to the IkmnI : 
 stamineal column slender ami .tt summit ai»ruptly cup-sh.iped. its sterile 1oIm-s roundish, 
 much longer than the anthers: ovary shorter than its slender sti|>o. which in fruit is «»f 
 variable length. — Act. Stock. 1756, 2.3, t. 2 (Lcefl. It. 200), & Sjk'c. ed. 2, ii. U:A; Cav. 
 Diss. V. 289, t. 147; Gray, I'l. Wright, i. 24, ii. 24; Schumann, 1. c. 105. t. 24 — Key Wot. 
 Florida, and southern borders of Texas, Arizona, and California. ( W. Ind., Mox. to Brazil.) 
 
 A. microph:^lla, Gray, 11. cc. Woody and rigid, a foot or less high, rane.scent with 
 stellular imlic-cence: leaves orbicular or round-cordate, 2 or .3 line-* long, dent.ito : Howent 
 mo.stly solitary in the axils, short-pedicelled : Ikjo.I or limb of pet.-ils without dorsal ap|M-n- 
 dage: stamineal column short and wh(dly cup shaped; it,s sterile lol)08 thick, notcluil at 
 summit and surmounted by a rcflexed acuminate appendage: ovary and capnule shortly 
 stipitate. — Rockv ravines, southwest borders of Tex.xs to S. Arizona, Wright, I'ringlt. 
 (Adj. Mex.) 
 
 5. NEPHROP^ITALUM, Robinson & Grocnman. (N<«/)p<k. kidney, 
 Trirahn; petal. ) — St(,llate-t()iiRiitulo.se slirul) witli simple ovat.- pt-tiolatf crt-nati- 
 dentate leaves and very small flowers in pcdnnenlate axillary few-tU>\veri-<l 
 umbellifnrm cymes. — A single species of the habit of Aijrnut and reontly 
 di.'^cov.red on the Texan frontier. [Ry B. L. Robinson.] 
 N.*Pringlei, Kobinson & Gukksman. Stems terete, at first cinor(vm«-tomontul.wo. woo 
 
 glabnite: leaves ov.ite, obtustdy .ncuminate, cren.ite-<lent.it.-. |.almntely 7-n<rved. d»-<-ply 
 cordate with a narrow sinus, finely stellatojiubescent above, paler and tomentnl.««- Un.aih. 
 .3.J to 5 inches in length: cymes an inch in length. 2-3 (lower.-.! ; jMMlireU nU-ut .•.|ualling 
 the petluncles: flowers greenish, only a line in diameter. — Hot. (.Ja/. xxii. 16H. — Valley of 
 the \V\o Grande at Hidalgo, Texas, Primjle, uo. 2272. 
 
342 TILIACE.E. Triumfetta. 
 
 Order XXVIII. TILIACE^E. 
 
 By a. Gray. 
 
 Trees, shrubs, or herbs, polyandrous and with two-celled anthers and valvate 
 calyx like Sterculiacece. Sepals deciduous. Petals not rarely imbricated in the 
 bud. Stamens hardly if at all monadelphous, yet sometimes 5-adelphous at base 
 (the phalanges opposite the petals), and unconnected with the petals. Ovary 
 2-10-celled, and styles united into one; ovules anatropous or incompletely so, 
 commonly pendulous with rhaphe ventral. Embryo in rather abundant fleshy 
 albumen, and with broad foliaceous cotyledons. Except Tilia this is a mainly 
 tropical order or of southern rather than northern hemisphere. 
 
 * Herbaceous or barely shrubby : sepals 5, distinct, narrow : petals somewhat convolute in 
 the biul. 
 
 1. TRIUMFETTA. Petals with glandular thickening or pit at base inside (rarely want- 
 in^r). Stamens 10 to 30, distinct, \isually on a sliort torus bearing the 2-5-celled ovary. 
 Style filiform ; stigma 2-.5-lobed ; cells of ovary 2-ovuled. Fruit globular, bur-like, being 
 covered with prickles or bristles, indehiscent, rarely splitting into 2 to 5 closed carpels. 
 
 2. CORCHORUS. Petals naked at base. Stamens 10 to 30 or more, distinct. Ovary 
 2-5-celled; style commonly short; stigma slightly lobed. Capsule various, 2-5-celled, 
 many-seeded, 2-5-valved, loculicidal. 
 
 * * Trees : petals imbricate or incompletely convolute in the bud. 
 
 3. TILIA. Sepals 5, lanceolate or ovate, subcoriaceous. Petals spatulate-oblong. Stamens 
 numerous, on a short hypogynous torus, either indistinctly aggregated in 5 clusters or (in 
 the American species) more or less 5-adelphous with a petaloid body (staminodium) to each 
 phalanx placed before a petal ; anther-cells quite separate or even short-stalked by forking 
 of the apex of tlie filament. Ovary 5-celled, with a pair of ovules in each cell ; style colum- 
 nar, 5-lobed at summit; lobes introrsely stigmatose. Fruit globular, dry and woody- 
 coriaceous at maturity, by abortion 1-celled, I-2-seeded, indehiscent or tardily bursting ; 
 embryo in liard fleshy albumen; cotyledons contorted and crumpled, very broad and thin, 
 palmatcly 5-l()bed. 
 
 1. TRIUMFETTA, Plumier. (G. B. Tnnmfetti or Trionfetti, Italian 
 botanist.) — Tropical weedy plants, yellow-flowered. — Nov. Gen. 40, t. 8 ; L. 
 Gen. no. 864. — One species has reached Florida, 
 
 T. SKMiTRfLOBA, Jacq. Suffrutesccnt annual, minutely pubescent : leaves round-ovate, serrate, 
 "some angulate or 3-lobed : flowers in small paniculate fascicles: sepals quarter inch long, 
 apiculate behind the hooded apex: stamens about 15 : fruit 2-colled, 2 lines in diameter, the 
 prickles as long, uncinate-tipped, retrorsely hispid. — Enum. PI. Carib. 22; L. Mant. 73; 
 Chapm. Fl. ed. 2, 611 ; Schumann in Mart. Fl. Bras. xii. pt. 3, 134, t. 27, f. 2. — A weed near 
 dwellings in Peninsular Florida. (Nat. from W. Ind.) 
 
 2. CORCHORUS, Tourn. (The Greek and Latin name of some plant, 
 early applied to this genus.) — Mainly tropical or subtropical herbs or low 
 shrubs ; with small yellow flowers axillary or opposite the leaves. — Inst. t. 135 ; 
 L. Gen. no. 442; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 93, t. 137. 
 
 C. hirtUS, L., var. glabellus, Gray. Annual, slender, from somewhat appressed pubes- 
 cent to almost glabrous: leaves mostly lanceolate-oblong and acute, evenly serrate, slender- 
 petioled : flowers 1 to 3 in a fascicle, 2 or 3 lines long, exceeding the pedicels : sepals 
 
Tilia. TIIJA( K.i:. 3^3 
 
 acuminate, about e.,ualliiiK the i»otalH : «tameu» rurnnionly 10: caj-ulo ••iliquiforro. 2-<^*'\M 
 often 2 inclics long, c•onl|.n•s^il•ll contrary to th.- piiriition. |>oint4-U l.v tht- i.l...rt\ut.u:.,t.' 
 stvli', divergently Hj.rea.ling or jLseen.ling. glal.roun or niinut.lv (.iriK.^t. puU-nil. nt /i,..t 
 
 villous) and mostly straight. — (i ray in I'alternon, Ch.Hk li«t n'a. l'|ant». I^aa |7 ,.;, 
 
 only. (For species, L. Spec. ed. 2, i. 747 ; Jiic.|. Uort. \ind. iii. t. 5H ; S,|, „„,«„,;, 1. ^ "1^7 
 t. 26, with vars.) V. sil„juosiis. Torr. & (irav. Fl. i. 2:J'J ; (Jniv. «;i-n. 111. ij y* i 137 „,^*i ' 
 C. inlololnis, CJray, I'l. Wright, i. 24; Wats. I'r.H.-. Am. Aca-1. xvii. :w:i ; 1 „,h ',,uiu. of u^k 
 F^num., &c. — Florida to S. Texas and Arizona. (.Mex.) 
 C. siLiyi osi s, L. (Jlahrous : leaves ovate to ohlonglanceohito ; th.wH- of floweriMg brauchlnn 
 often small and rounded : linear capsules 2 or 3 inches long, iit ajH-x Inincate nnd iipirul»t« 
 with 4 short spreading teeth, two to ea.ii valve. -Spec. i. .',29; .Jac.,, |I,.rt. Vind. iii t VJ 
 Griseb. Fl. W. Iiid. 97, excl. ref. to tiray, (Jen. Ill.-S. Florida, near dwellings CurtiMB 
 (Nat. from W. lud.) 
 
 C* acutAngi:lu8, Lam.- In.lian and African, natunili/.ed in W. Indic-s, orcum an a 
 ballast-weed at I'eusacola, Curliss. Its ovate leaves bear at biwe a pair of wilieni netifcMui. 
 teeth ; aud the capsule is 5-celled aud .Vcorniculate at ai>ex. Diet. ii. 104. 
 
 C. TRfDEXs, L., an Old World s|,ecies with narrow leaves and 3H.elled 3-corniculato cajjaubi.. 
 has occurred as a balhust-weed at I'hiladelidiia. — Maiit. ii. 566. 
 
 3. TlLIA, Tourn. Lindkn, Li.me-tkek, Ba.s.swood. (The classical Latin 
 name.) — Forest tree.s of temperate jmrLs of nortlu-rn homisphorc ; with w.fi 
 white wood, very Hbrou.s and tou«,di inner bark ahonndinp; in murihi-jL-, few-wah-d 
 winter buds, rounded and often cordate veiny and serrate aiternun- leaves on 
 long petioles, with membranaceous caducous stipides. Peduncles a.villary, adnata- 
 half way up to an accompanying membranaceous ligulate bract, cymosely sevc-rai- 
 many-flowered. Flowers cream-color, opt-ning in early suninnr. — Iii'.t. Oil. 
 t. 381 ; L. Gen. no. 440.8 
 
 T. EcROP.t:.\, L. (the small-leaved form, T. jiarvifolia, Ehrh., sometimes the largi-r-lenvcMl 
 T. grandifolia, Ehrh., or intermediate forms), the Eihoi-ean Lime, is often ]d:uited as a sh.ido 
 tree in town.s and may be known by the want of the petaloiil scales (stamintxlia) among tlio 
 stamens. The.^e are conspicuous in all Aincricau species, which, moreover, seem to be an con- 
 fluent as are the Old World forms. — Spec. i. 514. 
 T. Americana, L. Leaves ample, glabrous (except in the tufted axils of the veins), of Hrm 
 
 texture, botii faces green, upper shining: floral bract usually tapering to stalked Ikix- : 
 
 spatulate staminodcs exceeding the stamens : fruit ovoid, a third to nearly half inch bmg, 
 
 obsoletely costate. — Spec. i. 514 ; Marsh. Arb. 15;j ; Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. iii. 31 1, t. I ; 
 
 Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 92, t 136.* T. ijinhn,. Vent. Monogr. Til. 9, t. 2 ; 1)(". Fr-^lr. i. 513. /'. 
 
 ni(jra, Borkh. Ilandb. For.stb. ii. 1219; Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, ii. 340, t. 15; Hayrr, 
 
 Monogr. Til. (pt Verb Bot. Verein. Wien, xii 1862) 53. T. Citmuimsi*, Michx. Fl. i. 306. 
 
 IT. piihi'srens, Nouv. Dubam. i. t. 51. — Wooils, New Brunswick to Georgiji, and we»t to 
 
 Winnipeg, Kansas, and E. Texjus, &c. 
 T. pub^SCens, Ait. Small tree: leaves mo.stly thinner and rather small. pul>c.»cent Imv 
 
 ncath or glabrate in ago: floral bract usually rounded at ba.«e and even the luwoxt very 
 
 short-stalked : fruit globular, quarter inch long. — Kow. ii. 229 ; Vent. 1. c. 10, t. 3 ; Mirhx. 
 
 f. Hi.st. Arb. Am. iii. t. 3 ; Kll. Sk. ii. 3; Torr. & Gray. Fl. i. 240 ( /'. Cir.Jimana. Mill. 
 
 Diet. ed. 8 : Marsh. Arb. 154 ; Wanir. Aiipti. Nordani. Ibd/.. 56. are all doubtful nnd \,r»\>. 
 
 ably of ])reccding species, so this older name cannot be adopted.) '/'. Uintiont, Mirhx. Fl. 
 
 i. 306; Spach, 1. c. 343. t. 15. T. Aiiirriraua, var. puUsmis, I.oud. Arb. i. 374, t. 24 ; (Jrar, 
 
 Man. ed. I. 72. — Wading Riv., Long Island, K. S. MilUr, and from North Caroliua to 
 
 Florida and Texas. 
 
 ! Add roultor, Ponfrih. V. S. Nnt. H.rb. ii. 4.'.. 
 
 a .Spo<ips tnktii by Dr. Cray from inirxTfiK-t ninlprial for C. o/iforiw, L. 
 
 « Add (".rny. Pr.M-. Am. Arnd. xxii. 305. 
 
 * Add Gray, PI. F"or. Trees N. A. t. 10 (fr. globose). 
 
344 TILIACE.E. Tllia. 
 
 Var. leptoph^lla, Vent. 1. c. ll. Leaves larger (sometimes equalling those of T. 
 Americuiut) ;uul membrauaceous. — Torr. & Gray, 1. c. — S. Caroliuato Texas. 
 
 T. heterophylla, Vknt. Large tree : leaves ample (ofteuer 6 or 8 inclie.sloiig and of ovate 
 (lutliiie), glabrous and sliiuing above, whitish aud when young cauesceut-puberulent and sil- 
 very beneatli : floral bract tapering to short-stalked or subsessile base ; this and especially 
 the peduncle elongated : fruit globular, not costate or lineate. — Anal. Hist. Nat. Madrid, ii. 
 68 (1800), & Monogr. Til. (Mem. de ITnst. class 1, iv.) 16, t. 5 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 239; Nutt. 
 Sylv. i. 90, t. 23. T. aJha, Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. iii. 315, t. 2, not Ait. T. laxijiora, 
 Pursh, Fl. i. 363, not Michx. T. Americana, var. heterophi/l/a, Loud. 1. c. 375, t. 23. — Along 
 tiie Allegiianies from S. Peun.sylvania to Florida, west to S. Illinois and Tennessee. 
 T. ALUA, Ait. {T. rotundifolia, Vent.), is the Hungarian T. argentea, by mistake credited to 
 
 N. America. 
 
 Order XXIX. LINACEiE. 
 
 By W. Trelease. 
 
 Herbaceous or suffrutescent terrestrial plants (in our region). Leaves soon 
 alternate, only exceptionally opposite or in whorls of 3, sessile or nearly so, 
 simple, entire except sometimes the uppermost, with or without stipules or their 
 equivalents. Flowers racemose or in more or less open subpanicled cymes, often 
 small but commonly showy, variously colored, perfect, mostly 5-merous, hypo- 
 gynous, without a disk. Glands of the receptacle 5, small, opposite the sepals, 
 which are mostly distinct, imbricate, often glandular-toothed. Stamens as many 
 as the petals and alternate with them, slightly monadelphous at base, persistent ; 
 anthers oblong, introrse, more or less versatile, 2-celled, with longitudinal dehis- 
 cence. Carpels and styles 2 to 5 ; ovary slightly 4-10-lobed, its cells equal in 
 number to the styles or twice as many from the intrusion of a false septum from 
 the back of each cell, the true cells 2-ovuled, Seeds oily, with a little albumen ; 
 embryo usually straight, with plane cotyledons. 
 
 1. LINUM, Tourn. Flax, (Ancient classical name,) — Flowers 5-merous, 
 symmetrical except that in HesperoUnon the carpels are reduced in number. Sepals 
 mostly persistent. Capsules splitting through the false septa and also septicidal 
 in most species. Stipules replaced by small glands, or wanting. — Inst, 339, t, 
 176; L. Gen, no. 254; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 204, 678 ; Planch, Lond. Jour. Bot. 
 vi. 593, vii. 165, 473, 507 ; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 107, t. 143, Proc. Am. Acad, vi. 
 521, & vii. 333; Engelm, in Gray, PI, Wright, i. 25; Benth. & Hook. Gen, i. 
 242 ; Baill. Hist. PI. v, 63 ; Brew, & Wats. Bot. Calif, i, 89, ii. 438 ; Trelease, 
 Trans, St. Louis Acad. v. 7, t. 34 ; Reiche in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. 
 Ab. 4, 30. — Chiefly of the temperate regions of both hemispheres. 
 
 * Exstipulate : leaves and bracts entire, alternate : pedicels elongated : flowers large, blue 
 (though all)inos sometimes occur) : sepals not glandular-margined, persistent : petals not 
 appendaged : filaments with slender intervening appendages : carpels 5, not cartilaginous 
 at base ; styles distinct : capsule large (3 or 4 lines long), with membranous septa, the 
 half carpels somewhat longitudinally hollowed and 2-grooved on tlie back ; false septa in- 
 complete ; seeds compressed, 2 to 3 lines long : bluish glabrous plants a foot or two high. 
 — § Eulinum. 
 
Lirntm. LINAtK.K. 345 
 
 •i— Annual: 8ti;^mas eloiij^tcil : HpocieH iiitnMlucod thMU(;li rultivati»n. 
 L. L-siTAifssiMt M, L. C(»nnil«)Sfl_v lirumlifd iil»<)VL<. luxN-ly loafv li-av. M^-rv 
 
 acute, 3-nervf(l, llie lar^^cr an inrli or two lonj?: wpalit l»r<Hull\ cnat<',niiii . rioV 
 
 srarions iiuirginiMl and filiate, ]ir<Jininently .'J-niTved, ilie lHt«Ti»l m-rvt-i. • . •. j • lab 
 
 about 5 lines lon^: f<ti]u;nnm sulRlavale. alM.ut an lonj; w the ntylfn : ca|»uli) l>n«iliy uvuid* 
 conical, about :i lines lonf,', a little suriiiL>*«injj iho calyx, marly indehwfonl, ilw iJ-pu not 
 ciliate. — Spec. i. 277; Torn. & Gray, Kl. i. I'm ; Heichenb. Ic. Fl. (ierui. \i. t. 329. f il55; 
 rianch. 1. c. vii. 1G5; Hoiss. Fl. Or. i. 800; Treleajic, 1. c. 12. — AIomr niilpjadx, aI-miI flax- 
 mills, in fieliis, etc., at various jMjints throughout the country. (IntnMl. from <»1<| World.) 
 
 L. iii^TMiLK, Mill. Similar to and commonly confounded with the loMt, but mootlv luwer: 
 capsule 3 to 4 lines long, nearly twice as long as tlie calyx, more deeply dehii«ci-nt, with cili- 
 ate septa. — Diet. ed. 8, no. 2 ; I'lanch. 1. c. ; Hoi.ss. F"l. < »r. i. H(i\ ; Trele^we, 1. c. /,. uMita- 
 tissiinuin, /3 rn/iit(ins, Schiib. & Martens, Fl. Wnrlcinb. 211. — lu similar liiluatioDS to tho 
 last, cast of tiie Mississippi River. (IntnMl. from Old World.) 
 
 •*— -h- I'ereunial but often llowering llie first year: stigmas little longer tlian br<iad : 
 Western. 
 L. Lewisii, Pvrsh. Mostly ce.«pitose : leaves oval to linear, sometimej" rather obtune, 3-5- 
 nerved, tiie larger over an inch long : Howers somewhat corymbed : sepals liroadly ovaU-, the 
 inner margins scarious, .sometimes crose but not ciliate, more or le.<s3-5-ke<led liolow : jM-taU 
 7 to 10 lines lung : cajisule ovoid, fri(|uently acute, 3 to 4 lines l<jng, once or twice exree<ling 
 tlie calyx, incompletely 10-celled and lO-vahed, with ciliate septa, the valves dehisi-ing widely 
 above and separating through the mealy partitions nearly to the centre liclow. — FL i. 210; 
 Barton, Fl. N. Am. i. 30, t. 8; Alefeld, Bot. Zeit. xxv 250; Trelejiw, 1. c. L. jterrnne, 
 L. Spec. i. 277, in part; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 204; Gray, Gen. III. ii. 108. t. 143, f. 9. 10; 
 Meehau, Native Fhnvers, .sor. 1, i. 117, t. 30. L. Sibirlnim, var. I^wisii, Lindl. Bot. Heg. 
 t. 1163. L. perrnne, var. Lririsii, Fat. & Wr. X. A. Bot. 302. L. flecurnns, Kellogg. I'n»c. 
 Cal. Acad. Sci. iii. 44, f. 11. L. Li/alliniiim, Alefeld. 1. c. 251. — From the Hudson Ilay n-gion 
 to Brit. Columbia, south through W^ashington and the Dakotas to California and 'i'exna. 
 # * Exstipulate or with stipular glands: })edicels mostly short : flowers small or me<lium- 
 sized, yellow : at least some of tlie sepals glandiilar-ciliate or serrulate : jKtals not npiM*n- 
 daged : fib-xmeuts without intervening .ippeiidagcs : car|>els 5; stigmas capitate: capsule 
 small (less than 3 lines long), with firm septa, the fal.<e septa sometimes membranous 
 toward the inner margin or incomplete; seeds flattened, small. — § Linnstrum. 
 •»— Sepals jiersi.-Jtent : capsule small (scarcely 2 lines l<mg), 10-valved: carin-U without car- 
 tilaginous insertions at base : more or less corymbosely or panicuhit«ly branched slender 
 glabrous plants about a foot high. 
 
 ++ Leaves and bracts entire : no stipular glands : styles distinct to base. 
 
 = False septa nearly or quite complete, not ciliate : F^a«tern. 
 
 a. Stem terete below, only the lowest leaves opixisite. 
 
 L. Floridanum, Trei,e.\se. Perennial: stems several from the same n>ot, erect, simple 
 bcluw, terete and striate or tlie liranches .^lightly angled : leaves oblong or oldong lanct-olato, 
 mostly acute, 1 -nerved, the larger 10 lines long, mostly suberect : flowering bran.b.-s few. 
 ascending or recurving, sparingly leafy, with few sometimes se<'und flowers : ix>|ia1s ovato, 
 taper-pointed, keeled, the covered margins glanduliferons : petals alniut 3 linos long: cap- 
 sule ovoid, a line and a half long, eipial to or exceeding tho calyx. — Treloa<«o, 1. c. 13. L. 
 Virgininnnm, var.? Fluridnnuin, i'laiicli. 1. c. vii. 480. — S. Candiua, Santoc Caual, liartntl, 
 to Florida and Louisiana, Covington, Ihumuwntl, 96. 
 
 Li. Virginidnum, L. Similar to the last, annual, or snckoring fr<»m tho hn^e, Icsyi cloa- 
 tered, more loosely branched, the flowering branches rocurved-spreading or corymUwc : 
 leaves sometimes bluish, often spreading: ca|»snle depres.sodglol)oso, very olttuso, a line 
 long, mo.stly shorter than the calyx. — Sj>oc. i. 279; Hill. Veg. Syst. xiv t 43, f. I ; Wah. 
 Car. 117; Kll. Sk. i. 375; Torr. &"(;ray. Fl. i. 204 ; I'bnrh. 1. c. ; Gr.iy. G.-n. Ill ii. IOH. t. 
 143, f. 1-8; Trelease, 1. c. — Canada to N. Carolina and Alabama, westwanl to Tcxa* and 
 Missouri. 
 
346 LIXACE.E. Linum. 
 
 b. Stem angled : leaves mostly opposite below the first branch. 
 L. striatum, Walt. Annual : stems often somewhat clustered, ascending, striate and 
 somewhat ridged even below : leaves yellowish-green, slightly viscid, elliptical-oblong, acute, 
 several of the lower opposite or in whorls of 3 : flowering branches often forking, at first 
 strikingly racemose, at length spaced out along the stem : calyx shorter : otherwise like the 
 last. — Car. 118 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 205 ; Trelease, 1. c. 14. L. Virginianiim, Reichenh. Ic. 
 Bot. Exot. ii. 35, t. 198. L. Virgininnum, var. o/)positifolium, Engelm. in Gray, PI. Wright. 
 1. 26. L. simplex, Wood, Class-Book, ed. of 1861, 276. — Range of the preceding, chiefly 
 in wetter places. Canadian specimens with erect firm bluish leaves, may perhaps be varie- 
 tally separable. 
 
 = = False septa incomplete, ciliate. 
 a. Leaves opposite : adventive from Europe. 
 
 Li, cathArticum, L. (Spec. i. 281.) A small glabrous annual with opposite obovate small 
 leaves, occasionally ciliate at base, slender nearly terete stem several times forked above, 
 few small flowers terminating the branches, and minute 10-valvcd capsules about 1 line 
 long, has been collected as a seaside introduction at Pictou, Nova Scotia, Burgess. (Adv, 
 from Eu.) 
 
 b. Leaves chiefly alternate : Southwestern. 
 
 L. Neo-Mexicanum, Greene. Annual or biennial (or perennial?): stems simple or 
 branched hclow, strict, angled above: leaves narrowly oblong, tlie upi)er acute, l-nerved or 
 with 2 faint accessory nerves at base, less than 8 lines long: flowers on erect pedicels, in 
 long virgate racemes : sepals lanceolate, obtuse to taper-pointed, sometimes 3-keeled, the 
 inner margins minutely glandular : petals about 3 lines long : capsule broadly ovoid, rather 
 acute, a line and a half long, about equalling the calyx, the false septa incomplete above. — 
 Bot. Gaz. vi. 183 ; Trelease, 1. c. — Arizona and New Mexico. (Northern Mex.) 
 
 L. Kingii, Watsox. Perennial, usually very glaucous : stems cespitose, subterete, ascend- 
 ing : leaves crowded and somewhat appressed, firm, oblong or spatulate, subacute, l-uerved, 
 4 or 5 lines long : flowers densely corymbose-panicled at the ends of the branches : sepals 
 small, broadly ovate, o])tuse to taper-pointed, 3nerved, the inner margins glandular-ciliate : 
 petals 3 to 5 lines long : capsule ovoid, acute, a line and a half long, somewhat exceeding 
 the calyx, the false septa incomplete nearly to the base. — Bot. King Exp. 49 ; Trelease, 1. c. 
 
 — Uinta and Wasatch Mountains of Utah to Wyoming. 
 
 Var. pinetorum, Jones. Compact and low : leaves elliptical, mostly obtuse, appressed 
 and imbricated: flowers racemosely disposed along the branches. — Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 
 V. 628. — Utah, Uinta Mountains, Hayden ; Tropic, Jones, 5306. 
 
 ++ ++ Sepals and bracts glandular-toothed : small globose stipular glands usually present : 
 stems angleil throughout : petals somewhat hairy at base : styles separate, or united 
 below the middle : false septa of capsule incomplete, more or less ciliate. 
 
 L. Greggii, Engelm. Perennial, glaucous : stems mostly closely cespitose, branched below 
 and somewhat panicled above : lower leaves commonly opposite or in whorls of 3, elliptic- 
 lanceolate, acute, l-nerved, entire, about 6 lines long, the upper small, remote, less serrulate 
 than usual in the group : flowers rather numerous and closely placed, almost sessile : sepals 
 lanceolate, acute, keeled and with a pair of faint lateral nerves : petals about 2 lines long ; 
 styles distinct : capsule globose-ovoid, a line and a half long, mostly about equal to the calyx. 
 
 — Engelm. in Gray, PI Wright, i. 26. — Western Texas, Guadalupe Mountains, Ilarard, 5, 
 Chisos Mountains, Ilavard, 1. (Mex.) Perhaps scarcely distinct from L. Schiedeanum, 
 Cham. & Schlecht. 
 
 L. rupestre, Engelm. Perennial: stems several, slender, witli few elongated nearly naked 
 corymbose branches above : leaves linear, acute, l-nerved, the lower scarcely 6 lines long, 
 sometimes sparingly ciliate, the upper minute, glandular-serrnlate : flowers mostly few and 
 remote : sepals ovate, very acute or almost bristle-pointed, keeled, with a pair of fainter lat- 
 eral nerves : petals 3 to 5 lines long : styles distinct nearly to the base : capsule globose- 
 ovoid, a line and a half long, about equal to the calyx. — Engelm. in Gray, PI. Lindh. pt. 2. 
 232 ; Trelease, 1. c. 15. L. Boottii, var. rupestre, Gray, PI. Lindh. pt. 2, 155. — Texas. (North- 
 ern Mex.) 
 
Liuwn. I.IXACK.K. 317 
 
 L. sulcatum, IlinnEtL. Annual. Rlahrouu : atcm iulwimjilo Wow or with a few »tri<-t 
 
 branches at lia.se, turvniboaely l)ninilie<l near the top: leaveM lameolaie, »er* aiuie. .Tleclcd 
 
 with the lateral nerves close to the niar^^in, the lowcht entire, al>oul lo linen long, the uniier 
 
 mucii smaller and glandular-serrulalo : llowers scattered on tin- rather nliort u|ij)«r bnuirhea ; 
 
 sepals lanceolate, very acute, keeled ami with a pair of ni'>r<- or lf)»a prominent Uu-rsI 
 
 nerves, occasionally elon^'ated and leaf-like: petals C lincN lon^: : miUih varioiwly unit4-<l 
 
 below the middle: capsule ovoid, rather a<ute, a line and a half lonj;, often connpicuoiuilv 
 
 shorter than the calyx. — Cat. Tl. Uhio, .Snppl. lo; (Jray. .Man. ed. 5, l()5 ; Tr«lea»c, 1. c. U. 
 
 L. Buotii, I'lauch. 1. c. vii. 473. — Connecticut to Manitoba, wiuth to Virginia and Texas. 
 
 •»— H— Capsule medium-sized (2 to .3 linos long), 5-valved through the complete false itepu. 
 
 the true septa witii cartilaginous dorsal thickenings at b.-use : styles unjt<-d nlmoflt to th« 
 
 top: stems mostly angled : upper leaves or bracts gland ular-H«^-rrulate : {M-iaU l>ear<le<l at 
 
 base : rather rigid often very corymbose freiiueutly puberulent alu-rnate-leavcd Wei»u-ru 
 
 species. 
 
 ++ Sepals at length deciiluous: leaves scattered except sometimes at l>a»o of nh^xttJi, the 
 broader spreading: stipular glands commonly jiresent : cajisulo oblong-ovoid ; fal^e sejiia 
 more or less thickened outwardly: small group of variable closely relate*! s|>erie.H, w'\i\i 
 flowers ranging from deep orange to nearly white. 
 
 = Leaves narrow: capsule 2 lines long; false septa thickened for a very small di.«tancc. 
 Li. aristatum, 1'.ngel.m. Much branched towar<l the ba.se or tlironghout, the branches 
 slender, ascending, bluish, glabrous or puberulent : leaves erect, narrowly linear lanceo- 
 late, 3 or 4 lines long, awn-i)ointetl, 1-nerved : flowers few, military at the ends of the 
 branches or seemingly opposite tlie leaves, their pedicels long, gnxived rather than wing- 
 angled: sepals lanceolate, gradu.illy aristate, witli prominent miiirib and iK-canionally 2 
 lateral veins above : petals G to 8 lines long: caj)sule scarcily more than h.ilf as long an iho 
 calyx; the false septa meml)ranaceous except for a short distan<-e from the outer margin. — 
 Engelm. in Wislizenus, Tour Northern Mex. 101 ; Gray, I'l. Wright, i. 25, 26; Troleaw, 
 1. c. 15. — Southern Utah through Arizona, New Mexico, and Western Texas. (Northern 
 Mex.) 
 
 Var. subteres, Trelease. Blue-green, glabrous, of the lax haliit of the type, though 
 more branched lielow, nearly without stipular glands: branches slightly angled : pediceU 
 sometimes greatly elongateil (occasionally 2 inches long), not prominently winged : BO|>alii 
 acute, l-nerved, more persistent than usual in the grouf). — Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2. vi. 
 285.— Nevada, Sprucemout, Jones, and Utah, liliiff City, M'rtlier'll, Willow Creek. Mis$ 
 Eastwood. 
 
 L. rigidum, Pirsfi. Perennial?, glabrate or witli tlio angles slightly roughened: stems 
 somewliat cespitose, corymbosely branched above, the br;inches rather rigiti and, like the 
 pedicels, strongly wing-angled : leaves green to bluish, linear-lanceolate, olituse or acute. 
 about G lines long, 1-nerved, tlie l)roader often with 2 lateral keels towards the ap«'X ; flow- 
 ers more or less numerous: sepals lanceolate, slender-pointed, sliort-awneil. .stnuigly \-^- 
 wing-nerved: petals sometimes 8 lines long : capsule somewhat shorter than the calyx, the 
 false septa thickened for about a third their width. — Fl. i. 210; Torr. & (Jray, Fl. i. 204, iu 
 part; I'lanch. 1. c. vii. 474 ; F.ngelm. in Cray, 1*1. Wright, i. 25 ; Tndea.se, 1. c. 16. A. <jn- 
 niium. Noes, Verzciclm. I'fl Ma.ximilian von Wiod, 5. & Hot. Zeit. ii. 547. — Hrit. America to 
 Oregon and Iowa, .snuiii to Tex.xs. Al.so ccdiected at Miami. Floriila. in 1877. by darUr. 
 
 Var. puberul\im, Kngel.m. Annual, blue-green, puberulent : stems mostly solitary 
 and low, corymbosely stout-branched above : leaves linear, acute, 3 or 4 lines long, I nerve*! : 
 otherwi.se like the type. — Kngelm. in Gray, PI. Wright, i. 25 ; Trele.xse, 1. o. Colorado Ui 
 Nevada, Southern California, and Texas. 
 
 == = Leaves usually broader, green : capsule 2J linos long ; fal-'- septa tliirkened for 
 h.ilf tlieir wi.ltli. 
 
 L. Berlandieri, Hook, (as L. nprnidifri). Perennial ?, nearly glabnms, few-bninfhe«l or 
 simple l)elow and r.ither clo.sely corymbose .alMive : leaves clear green, lancisd.ite. arnle. 
 mostly spreading, occ.asion.ally 3 lines wide and 15 lines long, more or lens .1ribl>e«l : wpal* 
 elongated, lanceolate, gradually very acute, shorl-awncil. strongly 3- or even 5-ribliod ; pctala 
 
348 LIXACE.E. Linum. 
 
 sometimes 10 lines long: capsule a third shorter than the calyx. — Bot. Mag. t. 3480; 
 Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 108, t. 143, f. 11-14 ; Plaucli. 1. c. vii. 474 ; Engelm. in Gray, PI. Wright, 
 i. 25 ; Trelease, 1. c. L. rujidum, var. Berendieri, Torr. & Gray, F\. i. 204. — From the Red 
 Kiver (Marci/ Exped.) througli Texas. A low spreading cespito.sely branched plant from 
 Galveston, Lindheinur, 22, J'dii Ilulf, Kio Brazos, Dnimmond, and S. W. Louisiana, Dmlson, 
 with the broad scarious margin of the sepals coarsely dentate, is var. Plotzii, Trelease, 
 1. c. 16. 
 
 ++ ++ Sepals persistent: leaves appressed, crowded and overlapping on the slender 
 branches : no stipular glands : capsule globose-ovoid, 2 lines long ; false septa entirely 
 membranaceous, 
 L. multicaule, Hook. Annual?, more or less puberulent : leaves very narrow, mostly 
 linear, awii-poiuted, less than 3 lines long, 1-nerved below, often revolutely concave, fre- 
 quently ciliate, the upper often scarious-margined : flowers mostly few, terminating the 
 branches : sepals ovate, abruptly bristle-pointed, more or less evidently 1-nerved, with broad 
 scarious often subentire margins : petals 4 or 5 lines long, deeper colored at base : capsule 
 about as long as the sepals. — Hook, in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 678; Planch. 1. c. vii. 185; 
 Engelm. in Gray, PI. Wright, i. 25; Trelease, 1. c. Z. /i«(/sonio/</es, Planch. 1. c. 186. — 
 Texas, from the centre eastward. 
 
 # * * Ex.stipulate or with stipular glands : pedicels often elongated : flowers mostly very 
 small, yellow, white, or roseate: sepals usually glandular-ciliate, persisteiit : petals com- 
 monly with lateral teeth and 1 to 3 ventral appendages at base : filaments sometimes 
 2-toothed at base, otherwise unappendaged : carpels 2 or 3, without cartilaginous inser- 
 tions ; styles distinct ; stigmas small, oblique or subcapitate : capsule very small (scarcely 
 a line long), separating into twice as many valves as there are carpels, with firm septa 
 long-ciliate at base ; seeds mostly plump, small : mostly forking slender annuals, of the 
 Pacific Coast. — § Uesperolinon. 
 
 ■i- Carpels 2 : false septa complete : petals yellow, not appendaged. 
 L. digynum, Gray. A span or less high, glabrous, somewhat glaucous : stems slender, 
 striate, mostly simple below, several times corymbosely forked above, without stipular 
 glands: leaves usually opposite, elliptic-spatulate, the larger 5 lines long, 1- or obscurely 
 3-nerved, the lower entire and obtuse, the upper serrate, acute or mucronate : flowers sub- 
 racemose or loosely corymbed, short-pedicelled : sepals very unequal, ovate-oblong, obtuse, 
 glandular-serrulate or lacerate, 1- to somewhat obscurely 3-nerved at base : petals 1^ lines 
 long: capsule ovoid, slightly retuse at apex, a little shorter than the calyx. — Proc. Am. 
 Acad. vii. 334; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 89; Trelease, 1. c. 17. — Washington to the 
 mountains of Central California. A small plant of the aspect of L. catharticum. 
 •i— -i— Carpels 3 : false septa incomplete : petals mostly appendaged. 
 ++ Leaves glandular-denticulate : no stipular glands : false septa narrow. 
 L. drymarioides, Ccrran. A span or two high, sparingly white-villous : stems rather 
 coarse at base, repeatedly dichotomous, with long slender internodes : leaves opposite or 
 the lowest subverticillate, broadly ovate, the larger 5 lines long, ratlier loo.sely veined, acute 
 or acuminate, with short crowded marginal glands : flowers roseate, scattered along the 
 branches, mostly short-pedicelled : sepals lanceolate, acute or mucronate, miimtely serrulate 
 and occasionally glandular-ciliate, 1-nerved: petals minute, 2-toothed and appendaged at 
 base, the median appendage rounded and glabrous or sometimes wanting : capsule ovoid, 
 acute, as long as the calyx. — Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. i. 152 ; Trelease, 1. c. — Lake County, 
 California, Mrs. Curvan. 
 L. adenoph^Uum, Gray. A span to a foot high, glabrate or somewhat villous, espe- 
 cially just above the nodes : stems slender, repeatedly forked, striate : leaves alternate or 
 the lowest opposite or in threes, remote, very narrowly oblong, less than an inch long, 
 folded along the midrib, obtuse, somewhat cordate, 1-nerved, clo.sely and conspicuously 
 glandular-denticulate : flowers yellow, terminating the branches, slender-pedicelled : sp]).ils 
 lanceolate, acute, usually minutely glandular-denticulate, 1-nerved : petals 2 or 3 lines 
 long, the broad confluent appendages somewhat pubescent : filaments abruptly dilated and 
 obtusely 2-toothed at base : capsule ovoid, acute, as long as the calyx. — Proc. Am. Acad. 
 
Lhum. LINACK.i:. 349 
 
 viii. 624; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 90; Trclia.M-. 1. c. 18. — Wcntom Califoniiii, Ijil- 
 ami Meiidociiio (.'omilifs. 
 
 ++ ++ Leaves entire, without marginal glaml.x, allernan- e.xccj.i lujnuiiiiicj* at llif wry 
 base : false septa widened below. 
 
 = False septa conii)lete below : flowers yellow or yellowiith. 
 L. Cleveland!, Gree.ne. A sjian to a fcK)t high, glal)nite, n-|K'al<illy diih<H4iiiiou« : 
 leaves oblong, 5 lines long, l-nerved, Hubacute, without htipular glandi* : tiowen. iniiiuic. ou 
 filiform pcdicel-s (sometimes an inch long) : sepals narrow, acnt*-. hparingly ghuidular-iilimti' : 
 petals yellow or pale, a lino long or l.-ss, atoothed. ."J a|.p<-ndag.-l. ih.. nM-.tinn ap|K-ndime 
 oblong, glabrous : capsule ovoid, acute, somewhat long«-r tlian the iM-jMilf.. — Bull Torr. 
 Club, ix. 121 ; Trelease, 1. c. — California, Lake and .Mendocino Countit-.t. 
 = = False septa not reaciiing the a.xis exc.|,t in tin- la.st si»ecies : flowem white. r(J^eatv, 
 or purjdish. 
 
 a. Loosely branched, the flowers slender-jHjdicelled. 
 L. micranthum, Ok.vy. a span to a foot high, of the aspect of the jireceding, glanrouii, 
 soniewliat sofl-jiubescent toward the liiuse of the slender nearly terete bninches, lc*iM-ly 
 dicliotomous : leaves alternate, spatnlate-oblong, .') to 7 lines long, l-nerveil, <d>tusG or sul>- 
 acute, mostly with stipular glands: flowers white or faintly roseate, consideraldv exc*-*-*!!-*! 
 by their slender straight pedicels: sepals ov'ate-lanceolate to oldong, subacute, the inner 
 sparingly glandular-ciliate : petals 1 to occa.sionally 2i lines long, 2-toothcd, mostly unap|>eu- 
 daged : capsule ovoid, acute, about eijual to the sepals. — I'roc. Am. Acad. vii. .3.'W ; Brew. 
 & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 90; Trelease, I.e. 18. — Oregon to the vicinity of San Francisco, 
 California. 
 
 L. Spergulinum, Gray. Similar to the last and perhaps scarcely separable : loaves linear, 
 5 to 10 lines long, with or without stipular glands: flowers ro.seate, s'tinewhat ntMliting mi 
 filiform pedicels (occ;usionally 7 lines long) : petals 2 to 4 lines long, 2-t<Mithcd, :{-n|i|M-ndag< d, 
 the median appendage ligulate and the latenil sometimes greatly reduced : cap^nle o*oid, 
 acute, nearly twice as long as tlie .sej)als. — I'roc. Am. Acad. vii. 333 ; Brew. & Wats. B<>1. 
 Calif, i. 90; Trelease, 1. c. 19.— Central California. 
 
 b. Often luore corymbose, the short-pedicelled flowers rather doselv clustered at ends of tlie 
 
 t.ranrlics. 
 
 L. Californicum, Bknth. Somewhat taller, glaucous, ghibnite or sparingly pnlK-ruUnt 
 near tiie nodes, loosely dicliotomous, with angled or striate branrhes : leaves linear, 5 to 15 
 lines long, rather obtu.se, with prominent stipular glands: flowers pale or rr)seate : sepals 
 lanceolate, acute, keeleil below, glabrous, rather thick, with pale sparingly glandular-ciliate 
 inner margins : petals 2 to 3 lines long, 3-appendaged, the median ap|Kndage niundisl, 
 hairy: capsule ovoid, .icute, a little shorter than the sepals. — I'l. llartw. 299; (Jniy, 
 Proc. Am. Acad. vi. .521; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 90; Trele:uio, 1. c. —California, 
 Butte and Colusa Counties to the region east of San Franci.^co. When low, leafy, and with 
 rather dense inflorescence, it is the scarcely separable var. <<>NrKini m, (iray in Trele.xHo, 
 1. c, of the San Francisco region, to which jiertains the type of /,. /iifimi, (Jray. I'roc. Calif. 
 Acad. Sci. iii. 102, & I'roc. Am. Acad. vi. .'>21, from the Mt. Diablo Kange, Urttrrr, 1181. 
 the flowers of wliich are described by error as golden. 
 
 L. COngestum, (iitw. From less than a sjtan high to .stout and tall: stem glabrous, glau- 
 cous, striate i)elow, with corymbose angled branches at top : leaves mostly sonu-w hnt pulx'jM'enl, 
 linear-lanceolate, 3 to mostly 10 or l.'i lines long, acute, with stijuilar glands : flowers rt«iK»- 
 pnrple, in glomerate clusters terminating the bninches : sepals ovate-lancj'olate, a<-utp, nm- 
 spicuously pubescent : )»et.als 3 to 4 lines long, 2-tootlied, 3 api>endage.|. the median np|M>n- 
 dage e]ongate<l, somewhat h.iiry : ca|)sule short-ovoid, nearly as l<>ng as the calyx, the falim 
 septa complete near the ba.se. — I'roc. Am. Acad. vi. .'■)2I : Brew. \: Wats. Bot. Calif, i 9t); 
 Trelease, 1. c. 20. — California, in the regiou adjacent to San Francisco. 
 
350 MALPIGIIIACE.^. Bt/rsonima. 
 
 Order XXX. MALPIGHIACE^. 
 
 By a. Gray. 
 
 Shrubs or woody climbers, with opposite simple mostly entire commonly stipu- 
 late leaves, regular o-merous 5-10-au(kuus and tri(rarely dij-carpellary flowers. 
 Sepals imbricate and petals between imbricate and convolute in the bud, the 
 latter usually unguiculate and penniveined. Ovules solitary in each cell, between 
 orthotropous and anatropous, often uncinate, and ascending on the pendulous 
 funiculus ; micropyle superior. Seeds destitute of albumen ; the embryo curved 
 or coiled, or rarely straight. No dilated hypogynous disk. Commonly some 
 large glands on outside of calyx. A tropical order, of which, however, six genera 
 reach our southern borders. 
 
 * Stamens 1 0, all perfect : styles 3. 
 H— Fruit wingless. 
 
 1. BYRSONIMA. A pair of thick glands on back of each sepal. Petals with slender claws 
 reflexed in anthesis. Filaments short, monadelphous at base, there bearded. Stigmas 
 acute. Fruit a small 3-celled drupe ; embryo with slender and circinately coiled cotyledons. 
 
 2. MALPIGHIA. A pair of thick glands on back of most or all the sepals. Flowers of 
 preceding, but base of filaments glabrous and stigmas truncate. Drupe containing 3 dis- 
 tinct dorsally 3-5-crested nutlets; embryo straight, with short radicle and plano-convex 
 cotyledons. 
 
 3. GALPHIMIA. Calyx glandless. Petals spreading, with distinct claws and thicki.sh 
 midrib to denticulate blade. Filaments slender, distinct or nearly so ; anthers oval. Styles 
 filiform ; stigmas minute. Fruit a 3-coccous capsule ; embryo unciuate-incurved. 
 
 -t— -1— Fruit winged, samaroid. 
 
 4. HIR^A. Glands one or two on back of each sepal. Filaments and styles short. Ovary 
 3-lobed, 3-crested. Samaraj 1 to 3 maturing, broadly winged all round the margin; embryo 
 with short cotyledons uncinate-incurved. 
 
 * * Flowers dimorphous, the more fertile cleistogamous, usually dicarpellary and with 
 glandless calyx ; these with only one or two diminutive stamens ; the normal with 5 or 6 
 monadelphous stamens, two or three of them not rarely deformed and sterile: calyx 8-10- 
 glaudular : ovary of 3 lobes or carpels around the base of a single columnar style ; stigma 
 obliijuely truncate or depressed-capitate. 
 
 5. JANUSIA. Normal flowers with unguiculate mostly entire petals. Fruit samaroid, 
 winged on the back. 
 
 6. ASPICARPA. Normal flowers with unguiculate and mostly fimhriolate petals, sterile or 
 less fertile tlian the cleistogamous ; cleistogamous flowers with hardly any style, maturing 
 a single carpel (or sometimes a pair of carpels) into an oblique triangular nutlet, which 
 usually becomes horizontally incumbent on the receptacle and in shape may*be likened to 
 tlie iiead of a serpent; cotyledons obovate, flattish, incurved. 
 
 1. BYRSONIMA, Rich. (Bv'po-a, a hide; bark or leaves used for tan- 
 ning.) — Rich, in Juss. Ann. Mus. xviii. 481. 
 
 B. llicida, HBK. Shrub, erect, much branched, glal)rous : leaves cuneate-ol)ovate, inch or 
 more long, obscurely veined, shining : flowers in short terminal racemes : petals nearly 
 white, changing to rose-color or .some to yellow, the blade reniform, e(iualled by the claw: 
 drupes the size of peas, greenish. — Nov. (jen. & Spec. v. 14"; DC. Prodr. i. .580; A. Juss. 
 Malpigh. 40; A. Rich. Fl. Cub. 271 ; Chapm. Fl. 82. Maljiighia lucida, Swartz, Fl. Ind. 
 Occ. ii. 852. — Keys of S. Florida. ( VV. Ind.) 
 
Janusia. MA IJ'K ,11 1 ACK.E. 351 
 
 2. MALPlGHIA, Plu.ni. r. (.)/. M,./jn),f,i, c.Kbrutc-d anatomic ^,..1 
 physiuluyibt of 17th cfiitury.; — Amcri.au bhrubs or biuall ire.-h. Fluw.rh not 
 yellow. Tubesceuce when pruseut of ituilptyliiacfons, i. e. Uic<lilixe<J, hair», 
 these in some species rigid and fusiform, very hharp-iK.ii,ted at the two vxmU 
 and stinging.— .Nov. Uen. 40; L. Gen. no. ;Jo« ; Ki.h. in Ju«». Ann. Mu-. 
 xviii. \bO. 
 
 M. glabra. L. (Haki.a.k.ks Chkimiv.) SlTul., wl.ollv Rlat.ruu.. with M.-n.J.-r bnu.rhw: 
 eaves ovale th.nni>l.. inch or tw., 1...,^, aln.ust .se.K.siK. ; ,k..1„,..1,.« axilbrv. ^h..rt. u.nUI. 
 late.y .scveral-Ho«ero.l : petal.s ro.se-re.l or jak-r, with roun.le.l er.*« l.la.lw: druM, n-d. 
 small; the nutlets ol.tusely 4.iadrang«lar, trai.sverKilv ru^.n^t. JK^two.-n th.- ,h..rt cr,-.U or 
 ribs. - Spec. i. 423 (Mill. Ic. t. J81) ; Siui.s. But. Mag. 't. 813 ; Torr. Hot. M.-x Ilound 4H - 
 Corpus Christ! Bay. and lower Itio Grande, Texa*. Srhott, Palmer. JV-rhaiH intn-luc-J 
 (Mc.\., W. liid.) ' 
 
 3. GALPHlMIA, Cav. (Anagram of JA///</<///ja.) — SufTruti.osc or Mif- 
 frutescent, with slender stems and branches terminated by racemes of Uhuallv 
 yellow flowers. — Ic. v. 61, t. 489 ; A. Juss. Malpigh. G7, t. 7. — CliieHy Mexican. 
 G. angUStifolia, Bknth. A foot or two hif,'li : many slender steni.s from liKtieou* lrtl^e 
 
 ami sirii,'nst' piil.csceiit with medifixed hairs or glahrate: leaves glaiirous, glauroufl. variiil.le. 
 lanceolate or linear, acute at both ends and suhsessile, or lower oldonf; to ov.al and ohtujw .it 
 both ends and slender-petioled : raceme virgate, looscly-Howered : pet.iU with oblongotnt« 
 blades (a line or two long), yellow changing to red. — Bot. Sulph 9, t. 5; (Jrav, I'nw. .\m. 
 Acad. V. 155. G. linifoliaX,TAy, PI. Lindh. pt. 2, 166, & (icn. HI. ii. 196, t. 173.' — S. I.-xm, 
 first coll. by Berlandier, theft by Wright, &c. (Adj. Mex., I^owcr Calif.) 
 
 4. HIR^A, Jacq. (/. N. LaHire.) — American shrubs, usuallv some- 
 what twining, and with cymulose flowers at ends of branches. — Knum. I'l. C'arib. 
 4, & .Stirp. Am. 137, t. 17G, f. 42 ; A. Juss. 1. c. 294, t. 19. 
 
 H. macroptera, DC Cilabrous or nearly so: leaves ov.iteoblong to oldong-l.inceol.itc, 
 inch or two long, thinnish : petals yellow, 4 or 5 lines long including the short claw ; blade* 
 rounded, creuulate-erose : fruit-wings when full grown an inch and a h.ilf acn>»s. — I'nxlr. 
 i. 586; A. DC. C.ahjues des Dess. t. 1.30. //. sejilentrmnulia. \. .lu.^s. 1 c. .309; (Jray, I'L 
 Wright, i. 37, & var.. Gray, PI. Thurb. 303. — Below the boundary of Arizona in sJuor*, 
 Thurber, Palmer, &c. (Mex.) 
 
 5. JANtJSIA, A. Juss. (Name in reference to the double facies of the 
 flowers.) — Twining shrubby or suffruticose jilants. Solitary or umbellale-cymu- 
 lose flowers at the ends of the branches or in the axils, the normal with yellow 
 petals and mostly fertile ; the minute cleistogamons ones in same or separate 
 inflorescence. — Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, xiii. 2."*0, & Malpigh. 319. t. '1\ ; lUnth. 
 & Hook. Gen. i. 2G2. 
 
 J. gracilis, Gray. Strigulose with medifixed hairs : numerous very dlendcr difTuM> and 
 somewhat twining stems a foot or two high from a thick ligneous ba-ic : leave.* laiin-olaK^ 
 linear, inch or more long, very short-pet iuled : flowers 1 to 3 t«)golher : |>ot.il.« al>«,ut 2 linc« 
 long, with ovate or sultcordate blade, turning reddish or lirownish : fertile .•itamens 2 or 3 : 
 scarious fruit-wing oblong, 4 lines long. — I'l. Wright, i. 37, ii. .30 ; Torr. I'.icif. U. Kcp. vii. 
 9, t. 1. — Western border of Tex.is to Arizona ; first coll. by Wright. (Adj. .Mex.) 
 .1. CAt.n<')RN'iCA, Benth. Bot. Sulph. t. 4, is a related species from l/owor C.ilifomi.i, «ith 
 
 oval leaves. 
 
 I Add xyn. ThrynUis anguftifolin. Kimfzo. Rpv. Gen. 80; and T. an^ttt/«lin, var. <>/..."i<7«>'i>.'ia, 
 A. M. Vail,' Bull. Torr. Club, x.xii. 228 (G. Unifolia, var. 3. MongifUia, Gray, PI. WriRhl. i. M). lb* 
 broad-leaved form. 
 
352 MALPIGHIACE.E. Aspicarpa. 
 
 6. ASPICARPA, Rich. CAo-Trt's, used in the Latin sense, viper, KapTrds, 
 fruit, the nutlet likened to a viper's head.) — Low or diffuse suffrutescent 
 plants, or woody-based herbs (of Mexico and adjacent borders). Slender erect 
 or diffuse stems hardly at all twining, strigulose-pubescent with medifixed hairs. 
 Glabrate or glabrous leaves. Flowers axillary or terminal. — Mem. Mus. Par. 
 ii. 398, t. 13 ; Lag. Nov. Gen. & Spec. 1 ; DC. Prodr. i. 583 ; A. Juss. 1. c. 343, 
 t. 21. 
 
 A. longipes, Gray. Stems diffusely sjireadiug or decumbent, 2 or 3 feet long : leaves oval 
 or ovatc-oldong, obtuse and with rounded or subcordute base, thiunisii, veiny (a third to inch 
 and a half long), lower short-pctioled: petaliferous Howers somewliat umbellate at ends of 
 brandies, with petals quarter inch long; cleistogamous Howers solitary on filiform axillary 
 peduncles, and subtended by a pair of small foliaceous bracts : nutlets smoothish and with 
 rounded or slightly margined lateral angles. — PI. Wright, i. 37, ii. 30. — S. W. Texas to 
 Arizona ; first coll.' by Wright, then by Thurber. (Adj. Mex., some forms near to A. Uart- 
 we<jiana, A. .fuss.) 
 A. hyssopifolia, Gray. Stems erect, a span to a foot high : leaves linear-lanceolate or 
 linear and closely sessile or partly cla.sping by a broadish base (half inch to inch long) or 
 lowest short and oval, nearly veinless, glabrous : flowers all axillary and solitary ; petalifer- 
 ous on bractlcss peduncles nearly equalling the leaf, the fimbriate-edged petals 2 or 3 lines 
 Ion" ; cleistogamous sessile : nutlet reticulate, with acutely crested back and marginless 
 sid^s. — PI. Lindh. pt. 2, 167, & PI. Wright. 11. cc. — S. Texas, on and near the Kio Grande, 
 Wright. (Adj. Mex., Derlandier, Palmer.) 
 
 Okder XXXI. ZYGOPHYLLACE^. 
 By a. Gray. 
 
 Herbs or hard-wooded trees and shrubs, the branches commonly with articu- 
 lated nodes, with opposite or alternate leaves, these more commonly pinnate and 
 always impunctate, the leaflets entire ; the 1-flowered peduncles often springing 
 from the axils of the stipules, which are interpetiolar when the leaves are oppo- 
 site. Flowers perfect, 5-merous (rarely 4-6-merous), regular and mainly sym- 
 metrical, all the parts free and hypogynous. Stamens double (in one genus 
 rarely triple) the number of the petals and the outer series opposite them. 
 Sepals mostly imbricate and petals either imbricate or convolute in the bud. 
 Pistil of as many carpels as petals (or rarely twice as many or fewer), combined 
 into a few-several-celled ovary and terminated by a common style and barely 
 lobed stigma ; ovules solitary or several in the cells, anatropous or nearly so, 
 with micropyle superior. Fruit never baccate ; embryo large and straight or 
 merely curved. Leaves, when opposite, usually with one (sometimes suppressed 
 or abortive) smaller than its fellow. Largely African and Asian ; a few reach- 
 ing our southern borders. 
 
 Peganum, which belongs here rather than with Rutacecr, is anomalous in the number of sta- 
 mens, mostlv fewer carpels, and numerous seeds. In the alternate leaves it agrees with two 
 Mexican genera, Sericodes and Chitonia, of which the former may possibly belong to our 
 flora, for 
 
 Seric6dks Greggii, Gray, occurs not far south of New Mexico. 
 
Trihulns. ZVl.dl'II^ I.l..\( K.i;. 353 
 
 * Herbs, with ii<> allmiiioii to the spcil, an aliiiDiid litf iiiihMo.aji"! ahrtipilt iiiiuioto UKMillr 
 opjjosite leaves. 
 
 1. TRIBULUS. Scpal.s niul petals 5, rarely 4 «>r fi. Filamenln kIcikIit, uakol ; th<H«*< »«■ 
 fciif the petals sometimes adiiate to their haws ; the alteriialo om>» with a liy|Ki;;\ iioiii^ );bui<l 
 hehiinl caili. Ovary sessile ; cells iu* many or tw ire as many as ix-taU, I-S^m uli*<|. Fruit 
 lolieil, 5-U)(-12)-(<KC(His, i. e. splittiiij» at maturity iulo as many hard atid cVmiti uutlrU, 
 these usually muricato or spincscetit on the hack. 
 
 * « Herbs with albumen to the »eed» and alternate leave*. 
 
 2. PEGANUM. Sepals 4 or 5, foliaeeous. often cleft or jiinnatifid. ..jK-n in the bud. pemtrt- 
 ent. I'etals 4 or .'>, jii^htly convolute in the hud. Stamens 12 to !.'>, iniMTt<'<l ap>und a 
 low annular disk, one .series alternate with the petals, the others in j.airs Uffore them ; tUa- 
 ments naked; aiitiiers linear. Ovary 2-4-lol)e(l. a-4-<elleil ; numerous ovules in each oil 
 ujion a centr.ll jdacenta; style slender, at length twisted, alxtve acutely 3-4-anplcH| and 
 the angles stij^matosje. Capsule globose, coriaceous, tardily or im|>erfectly dohiiu-cnt, 
 many-seeded; seeds with spongy scrobiculate testa, and a slightly curvetl embryo in flenby 
 albumen. 
 
 * # * Woody or suffrutescent plants, witli albumen to the seeds and opiH»«iu» leave*. 
 •*- Leaves 1-3-foliolate: subherbaceous or suffruticose. 
 
 3. FAGONIA. Sepals 5. deciduous. Petals ."i. unguiculate, early deciduous. Stamens 10. 
 with tiliform naked filaments and short anthers. Ovary sessile. 5-oelled ; a pair of collateral 
 ovules in each cell. Fruit ovate. r>-lobed, subulate with the style. smiMith, 5 coccou.h ; the 
 carpels .lieparating from e.ich otiier and from tlie stylifen.us axis, ilehiscent ventrally. and 
 thin epicarp separalde from the cartilaginous endotarp ; .^eed solitary, with mucilaginou* 
 coat and horny allmmen. 
 
 ^_ ^_ Leaves abruptly pinnate; leatiets from one to several pairs: calyx deciduous. 
 
 4. LARREA. Sepals and petals .V Stamens 10; filaments slender. I>earing on the inside 
 near the base a conspicuous 2-cleft or laciniate petaloid scale ; anthers oblong. ( »vary short- 
 stipitatc, globular, .'i celled, about 3 pairs of ovules in each cell; style filiform ; stigmas 5, 
 minute. Fruit villous. 5-lobed, 5-coccous; the carpels l-seeded. at maturity separating fn>ni 
 each other and from the slender axis, indehi.icent ; embryo slightly arcuate in the horny 
 alliunien ; its oblong cotyledons anterior and posterior in the carpel. 
 
 5 GUAIACUM. Sepals and pet.ils .5 or sometimes 4. F'ilaments nake.l or Inaring a sm.ill 
 scale; anthers oblong, incurved in age. Ov.ary variously stijiit.ite. 2-5-angled. 2-5 celled, 
 and with 4 or .5 pairs of ovules in each cell ; style slendersubulate ; stigma small. Fruit 
 glabrous, 2-5-coccous. coriaceous or at first fleshy; the carpels 1- or sometimes 2we«ied, 
 separating at maturity, ventrally and sfmietimes dors.ally dehiscent ; seed with thick coat 
 and straight or somewhat curved emitryo in horny ali)umen ; oval cotyledons with edges or 
 sometimes their faces ventral and dorsal in the caqK-l. 
 
 1. TRIBULUS, Ttmrn, C.vi.TUOrs. (Tpi'^oXo?, finritiit iiaiiu' of Tmpa, 
 transferred by the herltalists to this genus.) — Prostrate or ascemlinj; herb.s 
 mo.stly pubeseent, witli abruptly pinnate leaves, some or in certain sjH'cies all of 
 them becoming alternate by suppression of one of the pair, and yellow flowers on 
 simple peduncles. — Inst. 2G5, t. 1 11 ; L. Gen. no. 3r.O : Benth. & IIo<ik. (ien. 
 i. 264. Trihulus & Kalhtrcemia (Scop.), Endl. Gen. no. 6030, 6031 ; Gray. 
 Gen. 111. ii. 11'), 117. t. Ho, 146. 
 
 § 1. Cahx deciduous : cells of the ovary only as many as the petals, i. p. 5, 
 rarely 4, few-ovulate. forming as many nut-like spinescent or tuberculate 2-r>- 
 seeded cocci which at separation leave no central axis; the seeils sui>or|»oM'^l. 
 nearly horizontal and separated by transverse .M-pta. — Trihulus. Scop. Intnxl. 
 
 253, &c. 
 
 2.1 
 
354 ZYGOPHYLLACE.E. Trlhulus. 
 
 T. cistoides, L. Perennial: leaves silky -canescent, sometimes glahrate and greener: 
 lealiets oliloii'g, 3 to 5 lines long: petals usually an inch long, e(iualling tlie peduncle : car- 
 pels 3-5-seeded, tuberculate, armed with two to four long aud stout spines. — S])ec. i. 387 ; 
 Jacq. Hort. iSchoenb. t. 103; Gray, 1. c. 116, t. 145; Griseb. Fl. W. Ind. 134. — Coast 
 of S. Florida; also southwestern borders of Arizona. ( I'rop. cosmopolite mostly on sea 
 coasts.) 
 T.* TERRESTRis, L. Silky-villous annual, branched from the base; branches elongated, de- 
 cumbent: leaflets 5 to 7 pairs, small, oblong: short-peduiicled flowers small: pale yellow 
 petals a line or two iu length, scarcely exceeding the sepals : hirtellous carpels with median 
 warty or spinulose crest and 2 (to 4) stout spreading spines (those from neighboring sides 
 of adjacent carpels approximate in j)airs). — Spec. i. 387 ; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. v. t. 161 ; 
 Schk. Ilandb. t. 115. — Not infrequently collected on ballast and made land in the Midd.and 
 S. Atlantic States, Broicn, Parker; also found at Newport, Hock Co., Nebraska, J. M. Bates, 
 communicated by Prof. Britton. 
 
 § 2. Calyx mostly deciduous : cells of the ovary double the number of the 
 petals (8 to 10) and uniovulate, sometimes one or more of the alternate ones 
 abortive : seed solitary and suspended in the cells. 
 
 T.* Calif ornicus, Watson. ^ Depressed, cinereous-pubescent : leaflets (4 to) 5 or 6 pairs, 
 * 2 or 3 lines long, half as broad : petals 2 or 3 lines long : fruit ovate in outline, consi)icuously 
 beaked, the maturing carpels 2 lines long, armed with a few equal short rather sluirp but 
 soft spines. — Proc. Am. Acad. xi. 125; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 91 ; Gray, Proc. Am. 
 Acad. xxii. 306.-2 — S. Arizona, Primjle, Lemmon. (Northern Mex., Palmer ; Lower Calif., 
 Palmer, Brandegee.) 
 T.* brachystylis, Robinson, n. comb. Leaflets only 4 pairs, when fully developed con- 
 siderably larger than in the last preceding species, 5 or 6 lines long, half as broad, very 
 oblicjue at thcTbase : calyx commonly deciduous much before the maturity of the fruit : petals 
 2 or 3 lines long, little exceeding the sepals, orange-yellow : carpels 9 or 10, carinate and 
 bearing a few low warts; style short, not a line in length. — A'aZ/.s/ram/a marima. Gray, 
 PI. WHght. ii. 26. K. braclujslylis, A. M. Vail, Bull. Torr. Club, xxiv. 206. — New Mexico, 
 east side of Rio Grande, Wright, no. 912, at Mesilla, Ilai/es, and on mesa near Las Cruces, 
 3,900 feet, Wooton. (Guaymas, Mex., Palmer.) Distinguished from the following by its 
 more promptly deciduous calyx, deeper-colored petals, and shorter style. 
 
 § 3. Calyx more or less persistent : cells of the ovary by duplication double 
 
 the number of the petals, 10 or 12, all fertile and uniovulate, at maturity form- 
 
 ino' as many rugose or barely tuberculate akeniform nutlets, which fall away 
 
 from a persistent styliferous axis ; solitary seed suspended : stamens opposite the 
 
 petals adnate to their bases : ours annuals, and the stems ascending. — Kallstroemia, 
 
 Scop. Introd. 212; p:ndl. 1. c. no. 6031 ; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 117, t. 146. 
 
 T. maximUS, L. Hirsute-pubescent : leaflets 2 to 4 pairs, oblong or oval, 4 to 9 lines long : 
 
 peduncles not surpassing the leaves : sepals oblong-lanceolate, or in age linear, not sur])assing 
 
 the mature carpels : petals greenish yellow, quarter inch long : conical or thickened style 
 
 hardly longer than the carpels (2 lines long), all but its base often deciduous from the fruit. 
 
 — Spec. i. 386 (Sloane, Hist. Jam. i. 209, t. 132, whence Liunasus took the inappropriate 
 
 name); Jacq. Ic. Rar. t. 462; Ell. Sk. i. 476. T. terrestris, Muhl. Cat. 42. T. trijugatus, 
 
 Nutt. Gen. i. 277, but fruit wrong. Kallstroemia maxima, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 213; Gray, 
 
 Gen. 111. ii. 118, t. 146 ; Engler in Mart. Fl. Bras. xii. pt. 2, 71. — Texas 3 to Arizona and 
 
 borders of California; and naturalized eastward to Georgia aud Florida. (Mex., S. 
 
 Am., &c.) 
 
 1 Description somewhat amplified to exclude more clearly the next following species. 
 
 2 \dd «vn. Knlhtvamia Californicn, A. M. Vail, Rnll. Torr. Club, xxii. 2:S0. 
 
 3 Northward to Oklahoma Territory, where a noxious weed, ace. to Carleton, and Kansas, bmylh, 
 Hitchcock. 
 
Larrea. /V( .< M"!! V l.l.ACK.K. 3;j.j 
 
 T. grandiflorus, Bkntii. & II.m.k. HarbaUly hinpiil, or U-low and MtmctimeN alin<N.t 
 wiinlly ^riai.rat,-: k-atiols 4 to 7 |)iiirn, obhuijc. fr.nii » .|uarur t<» full iurli I.,i,^r : |m-.Iuiii l.-« 
 surpiissiiiy the leaves : 8ei)als narrowly lanee.ilate. inucli aruminaU-. in ajjo lin«-arati*'nual<<, 
 surjuLssinj,' the fruit, shorter than the slemler jH-rMiwlent «t\ le : |m-u1» <Ii-«-|. v.-11.,w or .iranj;*,' 
 euMiMionly an indi long.— Uenth. & II.M.k. aiv. to Wats! IJil.l. Ii,.|e\. U'J. Hn-w. A Wau' 
 Hot. Calif, i. '.»!. Kdllslnniiiu <jmmlijl«ra, Torr. in (;rav. i'l. Wriijlil. i. 'in, 4. \\.,i Mrx. 
 HouimI. 42.' Soiitiiwe.stcrn l...nlcrs of Texas to Ari/umi ;ii„l |,r.il.al.lv l«.r.|.r» of California. 
 (Me.\. ami Lnw.r C:i[if.. first .■..11. by Th. Coult.r.) 
 
 2. P^IGANUM, L. (Ancient Grei-k name of Km-, tran.sf. rrt-.l In Linn«-UH 
 to the Harmula of tlie lierlKilists.) — Low and hraneliin;^ perennial herbs, with 
 alternate ino.stly pinnately parted leave.s, small and setaceous or suhulale adnata 
 stipules, and flowers solitary and terminal or opposite the leaves. — Gen. no. 41.'3; 
 Beiith. & Hook. Gen. i. 287 ; liaill. Hist. Pi. iv. 418, 505, f. 500-508. — Four 
 Mediterraueau-Oriental and one Mexican species. 
 
 P. Mexicanum, CiuAV. A span or two high from a deep lipnescont root, vcrv leafv : loavpN 
 railicr ticsliy, once or twice pinnately or suliternat.ly (li.sseile.l int.. lini-ar-tilif<>rni lolied ; 
 (lowers very .sliort-peiluncleil, 4-nuTous: jietals jiale yell.iw, shorter than the l.iciniate-t K-fl 
 leaf-like sepals: Hlanients hardly dilated at h.aso : fruit recurved on the short |MMlunc|(> ; 
 seeds elavate oldoug (I'l. Wright, ii.) or like tlio.se of /'. Il.irimiUi, L. — I'l. Wright, i. .H), 
 & ii. lot). — Mountains of S. New Mexio and Arizona,- W'riifht, Thurber. (.\dj. .Mex., 
 Bertandier, Gregg, &c.) 
 
 3. FAGONIA, Tourn. (Gut/ C. Fagoju professor of Iwtany at Paris in 
 the 17th century.) — An Old World genus, e.xcepting the following and a vcrv 
 nearly related Chilian species. — Inst. 265, t. 141 ; L. Gen. no. 359. 
 
 F. Californica, Bknth. Suffrutescent, exceedingly itninchcd, slender: Htipule.<< arerofM», 
 varying from 1 to .3 lines long: leaflets ohovate-sjiatnlate to lanceolate, <|uarter t4) half inch 
 long, lateral ones .seldom eijualling the slemler petiole : jtetals rose jiurple. two or three lincit 
 hnig: fruit only 2 lines long, much shorter than the detlexe.l fructiferous pednncli-s. — Hot. 
 Sulph. 10; Torr. I'acif. H. Hej). v. .■}.")<>, t. 1; Wats. Hot. King Kxp. 4IH; Hn-w. & Walj*. 
 But. Calif, i. 92. Varies fmin glal)rous, v.ir. Uindsnina, to granul.i.se- or glandular pulH-ni- 
 lent, var. Bdirhtyana, Henth. 1. c.'' — Arid region of Arizona and S. E. Califuruiji. (Adj. 
 Mex., Lower Calif.) 
 
 4. LARRfiA, Cav., not Ort. (./. A. //. de Lnrrea, a Spanish erclesiastic.) 
 — Balsamic-re.siniferous shrubs,, all e.xcept the following species of extni-tropi«-aI 
 South America, with fleshy-coriaceous small leaves, and short-peduiwled or sub- 
 sessile yellow flowers terminating the numerous branchlets. — Anal. Hist. Nat. 
 Madrid, ii. 119, t. 18, 10, & Ic. vi. 30, t. 550, 5G0 ; A. Juss. Mem. Mus. .\ii. I56. 
 t. 15, f. 5. 
 
 L. Mexicdna, MnFucvM). (C;<»nKRNArKiu.\. CuKosoTE-ri.ANT.) Shruh 3 t.. 10 feot high. 
 v.rv inii.li liranched, somewhat unjde.isantly hal.samic-scented, viscous, very leafy : h'a\e« 
 verv sh..rt-pitiole.l, bright and deej) green, mostly of a single |iair i>f uldong ims|uil.tlcral 
 jind somewh.at falc-ate leaflets (a .piarter to half inch long), which are closu-ly i«*j«iiU' ami 
 .somewhat connate bv their broad ba.ses : sepals ovate, silky : |)etals .T ur 4 linen long : Ma 
 mineal scales nearly e(|ualling the filanients : fruit a .piarter >ir thir-l inch long. — I'l N.>Hv. 
 Am. 71, t. 48; Torr. in Kmory. Hep. I.'IS. t. .T ; (Jray. Ceii 111. ii I2t>. t. 147 ; Hrt>w & Watx. 
 Bot. Calif, i. Qi. — L. ghitinosd, Kng«-lm. in Wisliz. Tour Northern .Me\. '.».» ip '.» ..f n print I 
 
 1 Ad.l syn. T. Fifrheii, K.-ll. IVoc. Cnlif. Acad. Sci. vii. Ifi-2. 
 
 2 Al«i in I-jiirlc Mts. of extreme W.-xtern Texn", ncr. to C.Miller, Contrih. V. S Nat. Herb. ii. &3. 
 8 Add syn. /'. Cali/oiitica, var. glutinosti, A. M. Vail, Bull. Torr. Club, xxii. *B. 
 
356 ZYGOPHYLLACE.E. Guaiacum. 
 
 Z;/gophyllum tridentatum, Moc. & Sesse ace. to DC. Prodr. i. 706; A. DC. Caiques des Dess. 
 t.i59.i_ Arid districts, S. Texas^ to S. Utah and S. California; ti. summer. (Mex.) 
 
 5. G-UAIACUM, Plumier. Lignum-vit.e. (Aboriginal name.) — Trop- 
 ical and subtropical American trees or shrubs, with very hard and heavy resinous 
 wood, abruptly pinnate somewhat coriaceous leaves, and blue or purplish solitary 
 or umbellate-fascicled flowers. — Nov. Gen. 39, t. 17; L. Gen. no. 39-4; Gray, 
 Gen. 111. ii. 121, t. 148, 149. — Name also written Guajacum, which, however, 
 was not the original form. 
 
 §1. Filaments naked : branchlets much articulated : leaflets comparatively 
 large and few, obovate to elliptical. 
 
 G. sanctum, L. (Oue of tlie two kinds of Lignum-vitce, yielding Gum Guaiacum). Small 
 
 tree : leaflets 3 or 4 or rarely 5 pairs, obovate-obloug or elliptical and oi)li<iue, inch or less 
 
 long : petals very short-unguiculate, quarter to tliird inch long, double tlie length of the 
 
 glabrous sepals :' fruit short-stipitate, obovate in outline, wing-angled, abruptly pointed, 
 
 usually all five carpels maturing. — Spec. i. 382 ; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 123, t. 148 ; Nutt. Sylv. 
 
 iii. 17, t. 86 (var. parvifolium, a small-leaved form) ; Griseb. Fl. W. Ind. 134 ; Sargent, U. S. 
 
 10th Census, ix. 28.8 (;. vertlcale (Ort. Dec. viii. 93 ?), A. Rich. Fl. Cub. 321. G. Sloium, 
 
 Shuttl. in distr. pi. Rugel, no. 68, 69. — Keys of Florida. (W. Ind.) 
 
 § 2. Filaments with a small scale at or near the base : leaflets approximate. 
 
 comparatively small, narrow, and more numerous ; stipules in our species small 
 
 and subspinescent. — Porlieria, Ruiz & Pav. Prodr. oo, t. 9. Guaiacum § Guaia- 
 
 cidium, Gray, 1. c. 124, t. 149. 
 
 G. Coulteri, Gray. Shrub 8 to 10 feet high : leaves 3 to 5 pairs, linear oblong, obscurely 
 veinv, half inch long : fruit 4-5-coccous, retuse at both ends, mucronulate, half inch high ; 
 the carpels merely carinate on the back. (Flowers not seen.) — PI. Thurb. 312. — Below 
 boundary of Arizona, in Sonora, between Rayon and Ures, Thurber. (Mex., Th. Coulter* 
 but needs comparison.) 
 G.* angUStifolium, Engelm.s Much-branched shrub or small tree, with spinescent 
 branches : leaflets 4 to 8 pairs, oblong-linear or linear-spatulate, quarter to half inch long, 
 reticulated : flowers mostly single, very short-peduncled, 5-merousor occasionally 4-merous: 
 filaments with a short .scale at base : ovary 2-celled : fruit somewhat obcordate-bilobed, cari- 
 nate-margined. — Kugelm. in Wisliz. 1. c. 113 (p. 29 of reprint) ; Gray, PI. Lindh. pt. 2, 158, 
 & Gen. 111. ii. 124, t. 149. Porlieria ancjustifolia. Gray, PI. Wright, i. 28; Torr. Bot. Mex. 
 Bound. 42. — S. and W. Texas from the Colorado south and west to the Pecos; where first 
 coll. by Lindheimer. (Mex., first coll. by Berlandier.) 
 
 1 The nearly related S. American L. divaricnta, Cav., with which this species has recently been 
 united (see A. M. Vail, Bull. Torr. Club. xxii. 229), has, in the four s])ocimens at hand, more narrowly- 
 oblong and more widely spreading leaflets, which are less inclined to be falcate and are more decidodly 
 connate. In herb. Gray, there is, on the other hand, a specimen collected by .yncra and labelled 
 " Int. Buenos or Chili," which is without doubt identical with /.. ^fexicnnn. The following synonymy 
 may be added to our own species: L. trir/entata, Coville, Contrib. U. S. N.it. Herb. iv. 75. Zyfioihijl- 
 lum C(difornicum, Torr. & Frem. in Frem. Kep. 257, ace. to Coville. CoviUea divaricata, A. M. Vail, 
 1. c, not L. divaricata, Cav. 
 
 2 Northward to S. Colorado, acc. to Coulter, Man. Rocky Mt. Reg. 43. 
 
 3 Add Silv. i. 63, t. 28. 
 
 * Also about Guavmas, Mex., Palmer. 
 
 5 This species is referred to by Dr. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 306, as " G. parvifoUum," while 
 G. parvifolium, Planchon, was unnecessarily given a new name, G. Ptanchoni, Gray, which must fall 
 into synonymy. 
 
GKKAMACK-E. 357 
 
 Okdeu XXXII. (.KKAMACK.E. 
 
 ]5V \V. TUKI.KASK. 
 
 Herbaceous or sufTrutesceiit terrestrial or luarsli plants (hi our rorrion). of 
 various duration. Leaves alternate or occasinnally oppoKite or pM-u.lo-vrrtiril- 
 late, simple, parted or compound, mostly cut-toothed, tlie petiole comnionlv with 
 stii)ular eulargements. Flowers either evidently cymose, solit^iry and t.-rminal. 
 or seemingly racemose or umbellate, usually thowy, variously coI(»re«l. p.-rf«Tt. 
 mostly 5-merous (3-G-merous in IJmnanthece, and tlie earliest Howor of Oxalit 
 not infrequently 6-merous), symmetrical, nearly liypogynous. Glands of tlie 
 receptacle as many as the sepals and opposite them (reduced and op|>osite the 
 petals in Oxalt's), or wanting when the flower is spurred. Sepals and petals dis- 
 tinct or nearly so. Stamens mostly twice as numerous as the pet^ils, digtinn (or 
 somewhat connate in Oxali's and Impatiens) ; anthers round-oval, more or Ies§ 
 versatile, 2-celled, with longitudinal dehiscence. Carpels as many as and alter- 
 nate with the sepals, united about a columnar prolongation of the recepuicle 
 except in Limnanthece ; ovary usually deej)ly lobed, its cells l-nianv-<»vul»'<l; 
 styles mostly united below, the capitate or lateral stigmas usuallv distinct. See<ls 
 exalbuminous or nearly so except in Oralis; embr\o straight or l>ent, the 
 
 cotyledons somewhat plicate and lobed in the genera with di.ssected leaves. 
 
 Five very distinct tribes or suborders, which are generally treated as orders bv 
 Continental writers. 
 
 Tribe I. GERANIE.S. Flowers regidar or nearly so, ."Vmerous. Sopals imbricate, 
 persistent, enlarging somewhat in fruit. Petals iml.ricatc. deciduous. AntlnTif- 
 erous stamens as many as and opjiosite the sepals, or twico as many, with p-rsi.st- 
 ent filaments. Glands of receptacle consjiicuous. Carpels 2-ovuled, In'roniing 
 1-seeded, breaking elastically from the persistent fluted beak ; seeds with little 
 albumen ; embryo with sinuously folded incumbent cotyledons. 
 
 1. GERANIUM. Leaves radiately divided. Peduncles 1- or nnwtly 2-flowered. Flowers 
 regular. Stamens with anthers 10, except in G. pusillum. Hipeiied carpels dehiment on 
 the inner suture, the stylar portion merely arched, and nearly glabroiu on the inner tide; 
 seed often alveolate. 
 
 2. ERODIUM. Leaves often pinnately lohed or dissected. Pediincle.M mostlv nnil>e]I.nto1r 
 several-flowered. Upper pet.als slifjlitly smaller than the others. Anthcriffron<< itt.inHn!< 5. 
 Kipened carpels sharp-pointed l)eliiw, at ni<>.*t tardily dehi.^cent, the .ntylar prolongation wlicn 
 freed spirally twisting lielow, liearded on the inner side ; seed smooth. 
 
 Tribe II. PEL.VRGOXIK.E. Flowers somewhat irrcgidar. Sepals iuibrioate. the 
 posterior spurred. Antheriferous stamens neither n» many nor twice as nianv as 
 the jietals. Glands of receptacle wanting. Seeds exalbuminous. 
 
 3. PELARGONIUM. Spur decurrcnt and .idnato to the pedicel. .*?tanion» 10. or fewer 
 by ahortioii, 7 usually with antliers. Carpels .'i, L'ovuled. at length dry, 1 ii*-fdc«l. pliinird, 
 heaked, liroakintr from the axis and coiling :us in /\r,>,lnim. 
 
 4. TROP.S:OLUM. Spur free. Stamens 8, all with anthers. CarpeU 3. l-oruW, flwhr, 
 beakless. 
 
358 GERAXIACE.E. Geranium. 
 
 Tribe III. LIMNAXTHE^. Flowers regular, slightly peiigjmous, symmetrical. 
 Sep.ils valvate, persistent and accrescent. Petals withering-persistent. Stamens 
 twice as many as the petals, all antheriferous. Glands of the receptacle evident. 
 Seeds exalbumiuous. 
 
 5. FLCERKEA. Flowers solitary at the ends of bractless axillary peduncles, 3-5(or rarely 
 6)-merous. Petals rouvolute or not overlapping wlieu small. Carpels 1-ovuled, distinct, the 
 5-lobed stvle rising from the centre, in fruit becoming semi-drupaceous rugose-tuberculate 
 nutlets ; embryo straight, with flat cotyledons. 
 
 Tribe IV. OXALIDE.E. Flowers regular, normally 5-merous, symmetrical, often 
 heterogone. Sepals imbricate, persistent, scarcely accrescent. Petals convolute, 
 often somewhat united toward the base. Stamens 10 ; filaments sometimes toothed 
 or with an additional set of auricles or sterile scales. Glands of the receptacle 
 greatly reduced or wanting, alternate with the sepals when present. Seeds al- 
 buminous. 
 
 6. OXALIS. Flowers dichotomously cymose or seemingly umbellate. Stamens monadel- 
 phous in 2 sets of different length. Ovary somewhat S-lobed, forming a loculicidal several- 
 seeded capsule tipjied by the persistent distinct styles with capitate stigmas ; seed with a 
 longitudinally dehiscent arilloid outer coat, the firm inner integument usually sculptured ; 
 embryo straight, with plane cotyledons. 
 
 Tribe V. BALSAMINE.E. Flowers irregular, hypogynous, usually unsymmetri- 
 cal fi-om the suppression of 2 sepals. Sepals and petals imbricate, deciduous. 
 Stamens as many as the petals, all antheriferous. No glands of receptacle. Seeds 
 exalbumiuous. 
 
 7. IMPATIENS. Flowers several, on loosely branched bracteate axillary peduncles. 
 Sepals 3, the posterior petaloid, saccate, and mostly slender-spurred. Petals 5, the lateral 
 pair on each side united. Stamens somewhat united by their appendaged filaments and 
 with more or less connate anthers. Style almost none ; ovary not deeply lobed, somewhat 
 fleshy. Valves of the capsule at length breaking elastically from their septa and coiling ; 
 seeds with 4 longitudinal ridges ; embryo straight, with nearly plane cotyledons. 
 
 1. GERANIUM, Tourn. Cranesbill. (Name from ycpavos, a crane, 
 because of the beaked fruit.) — Usually caulescent herbs with simple radiately 
 divided petioled stipulate leaves, some of which are radical, — Inst. 266, t. 142; 
 L. Gen. no. 554; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 272 ; Torn & Gray, Fl. i. 206 ; Gray, 
 Gen. 111. ii. 127, t. 150 ; Trelease, Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. iv. 72, t. 9, 10, 
 12 ; Reiche in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. 4, 8. — Widely distrib- 
 uted in temperate regions. 
 
 * Perennial from a stout caudex : flowers large (7 to 14 lines in diameter). 
 
 •i— Erect, not cespitose : leaves usually few, large (often 4 or 5 inches), incisely 3-5-parted, 
 with cuneate divisions, the lowest of which are 2-cleft and all once to thrice 3-lobed at 
 apex and acuminately serrate ; basal sinus mostly V-shaped. 
 
 ++ Scarcely glandular except the calyx : petals purplish, not villous on the inner surface : 
 fruiting pedicels erect. 
 
 G. maculatum, L. Over a foot high, beset with spreading or mostly retrorse hairs : leaves 
 mottled, all the cauline except the primary pair greatly reduced : pedicels at lengtli about 
 an inch long, very slender: outer sepals finely villous: filaments somewhat cili.ate : beak 
 of fruit finely pubescent. — Spec. ii. 681 ; Bifjel. Med. Bot. i. 84, t. 8 ; Kaf. Med. Bot. i. 215, 
 t. 42; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 128, t. 1.50; Trelease. 1. c. 74. — Open groves, Canada and New 
 England to the Great Lakes, south to Iowa, Mississippi, and Florida. 
 
 G. erianthTim, DC From a span to over a foot high, more leafy -branched : leaves in small 
 specimens not over 2 inches wide, with more numerous narrower crowded lobes: pedicels 
 
Geranium. ( ; \\\{\ s; \ \c K.K. 
 
 350 
 
 scarce! 
 
 ely over l.alf i,.,l. 1,.,,^. nillK-r .tout: calvx -l.-nM-Iy w,K.lly.vill..m.. „k„,v of iu h*i« 
 glaiul-tipiK-.l : hhiimi.t.s loi.^r ,„l„se : beak of fruit .an.-Biiiit an.l ^..iiK«hut viHoui.. — I'ro^lr 
 I. 641 ; Trelexsu, 1. c. (J. mn,, datum, fi, Hook. Fl. lior.-Aiu. i. 116. — Aliuka mud N W 
 Brit. America. (N. K. A.sia.) 
 
 ++ ++ At least tlie pedicel.x conspicuously Blan.lular-pubeiwent : p«-uU more or lean l^^-t 
 on the iuuer surface witli lung white rather hiiff liair^ : fihinicnt« villous, fruitii.e pe<li- 
 cels spreading or rcHexeil and l)ent. 
 
 G. incisum, Nitt. Coarser than the j.receding and l.afv-l.niMcli.-d : jK-dir.-U ai..l oft«i 
 petioles or even the entire plant dingy glandnlarpnheMent with rather hh-.rt hair, an.l 
 somewhat unciually and comn.nnly retr..rsely villuus. or or,ii>i..,.ullv (in a fl.nd.r form) 
 canescent with very short incurved hairs: petals purple: Leak of fruit xerv ghindular — 
 Nutt. in 'lorr. & (iray, H. i. 206 ; Treh-asc, 1. c. 74. G. albijlorum, var. (') ,ur„„m, Torr. 
 & (Jray, 1. c. G. /Juokaimmm, var. iurisuw, Walp. Hep. i. 450. G. vi»co»itiimum, Fiwh k 
 Mey. Ind. Sem. Ilort. I'etrop. xi. Suppl. 18. G. i>et,l(i;/,,num, Kngelm. in ^Vi^Ii/.. Tour 
 Kortheru Mex. 90. G. Fremuntii, Macoun, Pha-ni.g. & (ryptog. 11. of t'anad. 10. (;. 
 erianthiim, Torr. Bot. Wilkes Kxped. 251 ; IJndl. Hot. l{eg. xxni. .Mi.M-. 44. xxviii. t. 52.— 
 "Woods and open places ; the coar>er ukjic villous form from the mountains of Hrit. t'olumhim 
 and Saskatchewan to Oregon, Idaho, and S. Dakota; the slen<ler more (anes.ent form fn<m 
 Central California to Oregon, Idaho, and Utah. A form douhtfully referahlc here, with 
 the purjile glandg of the next species and .seemingly glHhrous magenta j.etaU, «-cur» in 
 Oregon, Miss Mnlford. Some Washington specimens have the glan.lular hairs alm<«l con- 
 cealed heneath the very abundant long hairs. 
 G. Richardsonii, Fis< a. & Tkaitv. Slenderer, iiicnnspicnoiisly retron^elv pulK'nceni 
 below, the peduncles and pedicels anil sometimes the upper jiart of tin- stem villous \»ith 
 long white hairs tipped with purple glands : leaxesthin, the uiipermost with the terminal 
 lobe longer than the often greatly reduced lateral lobes: jiedicels straighter: jMtil.s white, 
 mcstly roseate-veined: beak of fruit sparingly puberulent and glandnlar-villous. — hid'. 
 Sem. Hort. Petrop. iv. 37 ; Trelea.'^e, 1. c. 75. G. albijlorum. Hook. FI. Hor.-Am. i. 1 16. t. 40. 
 G. Ilookerianum, Walp. Hep. i. 450.— Open places and ravines in the mountains, Saskaleh- 
 ewan to Utah and New Mexico. A reduced very slender occjisionally somev»liat ce»pii«».e 
 plant, scarcely to be referred elsewhere, occurs in the mountains of New Mexico, WalrtMi; 
 Arizona, Knowlton, Lemmon ; and S. California. Some Colonulo specimens liave leaver a|>- 
 proaching those of G. Fremontii in outline, and it is not certain that the two s|»ccie» do nut 
 hybridize. 
 G. Mexicanum, HRK. Slender, a couple of feet high, coarsely whit<> hairy, the hairs ap- 
 j)rosse(l on the leaves, but little glandular : leaves .3-lobed with openly V-sha|Md b.xvjil siims ; 
 the lowest very long-petioled ; the uppermost less than an inch long, with the Literal lol«« 
 greatly reduced : flowers sliort-pedicelled : petals white, about 4 lines long: fruit not iicen. 
 — Nov. Gen. & Spec. v. 230. G. IhrnnuiUzii, 'I'relea.se, I.e. 76. — Huachuca Mountains, 
 Arizona, Lemmon. Perhaps also Kio Zuni, New Mexico, Wooton. (Mex.) 
 -I— H— Spreading and cespito.se from the branched summit of the cauilex, leafv-hranchH : 
 leaves firm, of medium size (1 to 3 inches), 3-partcd with broadly cuneate divinions; Ihe 
 cauline mostly truncate at Imse, inci.sely once or twice 3-lobed at apex ; the lower onco or, 
 especially in radical leaves, twice cleft on the lower side: petals villous witiiin : fruiting 
 pedicels refracted. 
 
 G. Fremontii, T<>im. A span to a foot or two high, the smaller plants s<nnplinios mi1>- 
 acaule.scent, the larger with slender spreading leafy liranches, dingy glandularpul>e.««x-nt at 
 least above : petals rather light rose-purple : lieak of fruit dirty-glandular — Torr. in (Jrar, 
 PI. Fendl. 26, & in .Many, Hep. 303, t. 3 ; Trelea.He, 1. c. 75. — Mountains, from the Hlar'k 
 Hills to Utah and New Mexico, extending, in a more hnwely bniiiched |M<rha]M iM-|KimMo 
 form witli longer and paler glandular hairs, into Arizona, Knowlinn. /.rmmon: and .S. Cali- 
 fornia, Parish, Orcult. A tall form of the Colorado mountains, witli looM'Iy vilh>us as well 
 as short glandular |inbescence, and often slender elongated |M<tioles, is var. PAkrti, Kngrlni. 
 in Gray, Am. .Tour. Sci. ser. 2, xxxiii. 405. 
 
 G. caespitosum, Jamks. I'sually sh-nderer. often r<M>ting at the nodes, with lonper 
 slenderer retrorsely hispid or canescent but not glandular ]>eilicels : |>ctaU roneale to rich 
 
360 GERANIACE.E. Geranium. 
 
 purple, turning brown, seemingly more spreading or reflexed than in related species : beak 
 of fruit gray-pubescent : otherwise closely resembling the last, which it approaches by vari- 
 ously glandular forms of the extreme Southwest, while a few specimens with the pubescence 
 of tliis species rather than of G. Fremontii have been collected in Colorado, Wyoming, and 
 California. — James in Long, Exped. Am. ed. ii. 3, as ccespitose ; Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 
 ii. 173; Gray, PI. Fendl. 25; Trelease, 1. c. 75. — Arizona, New Mexico, and southward. 
 (Lower Calif.) 
 * * Annuals or winter-annuals without a stout caudex (except in G. pilosum): leaves rarely 
 
 2 inches long, often much smaller: pedicels mostly bent in fruit except when crowded: 
 
 flowers small (2 to 8 lines in diameter) : petals not conspicuously villous within. 
 -J— iSeo-ments of ripe ovary bearing a tuft of wliite hairs at the base within, the top not filif- 
 
 erous : leaves radiately lobed or mostly dissected. 
 
 ++ Peduncles 1-flowered • leaves 3-cleft, with serrate acute divisions. 
 G. SiBiRiCUM, L. Slender, repeatedly forked, short-villous : petals dingy white with purple 
 veins : divisions of ovary puberulent and sparingly villous : seed minutely reticulate-arenlate. 
 — Spec. ii. 683 ; Trelease, 1. c. 76. — Established on Manhattan Island, and occasional else- 
 where, e. g., Illinois, Bebb ; California, Miss Edmonds. (Introd. from Asia.) 
 
 ++ ++ Peduncles 2-flowered : leaves several-lobed. 
 = Peduncles and pedicels long (1 to 3 inches) and slender : carpels neither villous nor 
 
 wrinkled : seed deeply pitted, subglobose. 
 G. coLUJiBfjJUM, L. Very slender, spreading and prostrate, hispid with short close retrorse 
 gray hairs which on the calyx are nearly confined to the nerves ; not glandular : leaves ."5- or 
 5-di"vided and dissected into numerous linear divisions : petals rose-purple : beak of fruit ap- 
 pressed-hispid. — Spec. ii. 682 ; Trelease, 1. c. — Pennsylvania, Virginia, and S. Dakota. 
 (Introd. from Eu.) 
 = = Peduncles and pedicels short (except in G. Carol inianum, var. longipes) : carpels either 
 
 conspicuously hairy or wrinkled. 
 
 a. Seed reticulately ridged or pitted : carpels hairy, not wrinkled. 
 G. Carolinianum, L. A span to a foot high, spreading wlien large, loosely gray-pubes- 
 cent and mostly dingy-glandular : leaves incisely 3- or 5-parted, the cuneate segments more 
 or less deeply cut-toothed or dissected, with the ultimate divisions rather broad: peduncles 
 and pedicels seldom over an inch long, at length often densely crowded among the upper 
 leaves : petals rose-colored : beak of fruit loosely villous or glandular ; carpels villous-hispid, 
 usually black ; seed low-reticulate. — Spec. ii. 682 ; Trelease, 1. c. G. atrum, Mceiich, 
 Meth. 285. G. lanuginosum, Jacq. Ilort. Schanb. ii. 8, t. 140. — Open places, Canada to 
 Washington, south to the Gulf and California. Most common in the South and West. ( Mex., 
 W. Ind.) A form from New Braunfels, Te.xas, Lindheimer, with deeply pitted round seeds, 
 but scarcely differing otherwise, is var. TexAncm, Trelease, 1. c. About New York City, 
 and elsewhere in the East, a form with narrower sepals and longer pedicels and beak than 
 usual is G. Dicknellii, Britton, Bull. Torr. Club, xxiv. 92. 
 
 Var. longipes, Watson. Of looser habit : leaves commonly cleft into 3 equal broad 
 primary lobes : peduncles long and spreading ; pedicels scarcely bent. — Bot. King Exp. 
 50. — Mountains, Colorado and Utah to Washington, Suksdorf, and Brit. Columbia, ^faroun. 
 G. DISSECTUM, L. Very like the preceding, but the principal lobes of the leaves conspicu- 
 ously narrow, with ultimate divisions mostly slender, falcate, and very acute : petals deeper 
 purple. — Cent. i. 21, & Anioen. Acad. iv. 282; Trelease, 1. c. 77. — Vancouver Island to 
 California. (Introd. from Old World.) 
 G. PiLosiM, Forst. f. ? Slender and spreading from a thick perennial rootstock, the brandies 
 at length a foot or two long, retrorsely canescent-pubescent but not glandular : leaves nearly 
 as in G. Carolinianum but smaller and with more open sinuses, the ultimate segments narrow : 
 petals deep purple : carpels puberulent and somewhat villous. — Prodr. 91; F. Muell. Key 
 Syst. Vict. PI. i. 152. G. retrorsum, Greene, Man. Bay-Keg. 69. — About San Francisco 
 Bay, California. (Adv. from Austral., N. Zeal.) 
 
Ero,lium. (iKKANI ACK.l-:. 3(J J 
 
 G. i-AKviMoiu M, Will.l. Sl.n.l.r .iii.l Hj.mi.liiiK. r.-tr..n«ly ^mv i,ut--w«.r.t : l.-aM-» nith 
 Lruad less lul.cii diNisinns: tl.iwtM m.t aKKr.Kaii-.|, Miiiiill. ih,- .k-i-p viol.-t jh-uiIi. Intl.- i-x- 
 ceediug tlio cah x. — Kmim. 716; A. Ka.stwou.1, Krvth.-a. iv. 145. — (•alif.,niia. Mt Taiiial- 
 pais. Con>,(l,m, Duncan's Mills. /Jury. ( A.lv. fn.n. So. I'luifi,- Mh ) I'n.laMv n„t M-jwiralilc 
 from the preceding, with which, also, it has sonietiniL-s l>fen rt-fi-rred u> (J. ditttclum. 
 
 G. ROTiNniK6LHM, L. Low and spreading, Blender, war.elv a npan high: |.pdi«-lii, etr., 
 villous with i)ur|de glandular long white hairs : petals entire, small : fruit and i--w! m-arlr 
 as in a. disscrtum. — Siioc. ii. 683; Treleasc, 1. c. 77. — Michigan and about New York 
 City. (Introd. from Ku.) 
 
 i. Seed neither pitted nor reticnlately ridge.l : i)et:ils scarcely exceeding the ralvx oxc.pi 
 in the second. 
 
 G. pusillum, BruM. f. Slender, spreading, scjft-puhe.scent or the calyx, et<-., iwimewhat 
 glaniliilar villous or with short glands : leaves small, roundreniform or the ran line truncate 
 at l)a.-ie, c(iually cleft into ahont 7 cuneate ol.long lol.es each more or less regularlv 3 tootliinl 
 at apex : peduncles di-strihuted along the .stem : petals pale to deep violet, somewhat nouhod : 
 antheriferous stamens only 5 (exceptional in tiie genus) : fruit very small with pulKTiilent 
 beak, the carpels 1 line long, (inely canescent, not wrinkled. — Sj.ec. (Jemn. 27; L. Siiec. 
 ed. 2, ii. 9.'j7 ; Trelease, 1. c. 77. —Open places, Canada to West Virginia, Ohio, and Illinoia; 
 also in Utah, Jones, and from Idaho northwestward. 
 G. PyrenAici-.m, Burm. f. (Spec. Geran. 27). a European perennial with the aspect, fruit. 
 
 and seed of the last, but witii obcordate petals twice as long as the calyx, appears to have l.fen 
 
 collected many years ago at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, W'olle. 
 
 G. m6i.le, L. Resembling 0. pusilltun, but lower, the leaves shorter lobed and the flowppi 
 fewer, more numerous toward the top : softly and densely glandnlar-villous : |)etals deep 
 purple, obcordate : fruit as large as in the la.-it, but the carj.els glabrous .ind conspicu- 
 ously trani^versely wrinkled; sec<is slightly striate. — Spec. ii. 682; Trclea-se. 1. c. 77; A. 
 Ea.stwood, Erythea, iv. 151.— Canada to X'ancouver I.sland, .south to California, Ohio, and 
 New York. (Sparingly introd. from Eu.) Si)ecimens with unwrinkle<l carj.ela have Ikmjii 
 collected at Falmouth, Mass., Dvane, and Painesville, Ohio, Beardslte. 
 
 •I— -1— Ovarian portion of ripened carpels deciduous from the style, bearing two bristle- 
 like tuft.s of fibres at upper end : leaves I-2-ternately <livided. 
 
 G. Robertianum, L. (IlEim RonKitr.) A span to a f(M.t and a half high.erect.sprfad- 
 ing or decumbent, purple-tinged, pulterulent and loo.sely glandularvillous.graveolent : leaven 
 3-5-angled, their ultimate lobes oblong, coarsely acuminate-toothed : pedicels rather short 
 and not refracteil : flowers open funnel-form, rose-purple : car|>els looselv wrinkled, sparingly 
 pubescent; .seeds smooth. — Spec. ii. 681 ; Trelea.se, I.e. 78. (i. iumlnrum. I)..n, Svst. i. 
 721. — Damp ravines, etc., New Brunswick and Canada to Pennsvlvania, Ohio, and Minne- 
 sota. (OM World.) 
 
 2. ERODIUM. L'ller. Storksbill. (Name from c/hoSuW, a heron, because 
 of the beaked fruit.) — Acaulescent or at lenjSfth caule.scent herbs with the racHc:il 
 and cauline leaves either round-ovate and little lobed or elongated and pinnati- 
 sect. — Geraniol. t. 1-G; Willd. Spec. iii. G2.') ; Torr. & Gray. Fl. i. 207 Gray. 
 Gen. 111. ii. 129, t. l.')! ; Bonth. & Hook. Gen. i. 272; Trelease. Mem. Boston 
 Soc. Nat. Hist. iv. 80, t. 10 ; Reiche in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. 
 4, 9. — Mostly natives of the north temperate portion of the OKI World, some 
 species widely distributed as weeds, especially in sandy regions, 
 
 * Leaves round-ovate, not lobed or with aj)proximated l>roa<i lolx^s : filaments grftatlr dilated 
 
 atb.o.'se: beak of fruit nearly 2 inciies long; seeds large (2 to 'I\ lines lung). Native 
 
 sjiecies. 
 
 E. macroph;^llum, Hook. & .\kn. I'sually nearly or quite acaulescent, t4>ment<xK». with 
 
 cojjiiuis interspersed long glaiulnlar hairs, at le.ist on the j»e<iicels : leaves lriangulnr-o«a(o 
 
 or reniform to nearly deltoid, sometimes cri'uately IoIhhI, cloncly crenato ; fluwem mt^ily a 
 
362 GERANIACE^. Erodium. 
 
 or 3 together: petals wliite, 5 to 8 Hues loug, little surpassiug the broad sepals: beak of 
 fruit stout ; ripeued carpels more hairy than in our other species, conspicuously truncate at 
 top. — Bot. Beech. 327; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 679; Trelease, 1. c. 81. E. Califoniicum, K. 
 Braudegee, Zoe, iv. 86. — Oregon, Ashland, Howell, through California. (Lower Calif., 
 Parr;/, Orcutl.) 
 
 E. Calif ornicum, Greene. Tall and branching, puberulent and beset with purple-ti|iped 
 glandular hairs : leaves ovate, reniforni-cordate, crisped, crenate, crenately about 7-lobed : 
 Howers frequently 5 or 6 in a cluster : petals deep rose-red or purple except in albinos. — 
 Fl. Francis. 99, & Man. Bay-Keg. 70. — California, from San Francisco southward. 
 
 E. Texanum, Gray. Ces])itose, with ascending leafy branches, canesceutly appressed- 
 pubescent, witliout glandular hairs : leaves elongated-ovate, cordate to truncate or the upper 
 narrowed at tiie base, the radical sligiitly crenately lobed and the cauline obtusely 3-5-loljed 
 with rather acute open sinuses, shallowly crenate to dentate : flowers in clusters of about 3 : 
 sei)als narrow, often silvery, usually purple-veined : petals purj)le, 7 to 9 lines long on the 
 earliest flowers, but mostly greatly reduced or sujjpressed : beak of fruit slender; carpels 
 not prominently truncate. —Gen. 111. ii. 130, t. 1.51, PI. Lindh. pt. 2, 157, & PI. Wright, ii. 
 23; Trelease, 1. c. 81. — Texas to Central California and Lower California. 
 
 * * Foliage of the preceding, but the upper leaves more incisely cut and serrate: fruit 
 small, its beak al>out an inch long ; seeds not over 1^ lines loug. Ballast plants from the 
 Mediterranean Kegion. 
 
 E. MALACOIDES, Willd. Caulcscent, somewhat glandular and hispid-villous : upper leaves 
 incisely 5-9-lobed, irregularly toothed : sepals tijjped with bristle-like hairs : petals small, 
 pale roseate. — Phyt. 10, & Spec. iii. 639; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. v. t. 185, f. 4868 {Hero- 
 dium) ; Trelease, L c. 81 {malachoides). — On ballast, New York City, Brown. 
 
 * * * Leaves oblong-ovate, pinnatifid to tripinnatifid : fruit large, its beak 3 to 5 inches 
 long ; seeds as in the last. Occasional rather large caulescent plants from the Mediter- 
 ranean region. 
 
 B. cic6nium, Willd. Even the large cauline leaves subternately 2- or 3-parted with cuneate 
 lobes, the lowest of which are often somewhat stalked, round-toothed : sepals long-])()inted, not 
 bristle-bearing: petals moderately large, deep dull purple. — Spec. iii. 629; Reichenb. Ic. 
 Fl. Germ. v. t. 184, f. 4866 (Ilerodium) ; Trelease, 1. c. 8L— On ballast, Philadelpiiia, 
 Martindale. 
 
 E. BoTKYs, Bertol. With coarse white pubescence: cauline leaves smaller, pinnatifid into 
 oblong broad-based acute serrate segments : sepals mostly short-pointed and tipped with 
 1 or 2 short bristles : petals deep violet. — Amcen. Ital. 35 ; Trelease, 1. c. 81. — Ballast and 
 refuse, various points in California, and at Boston, Mass., Murray. Sometimes flowering 
 when acaulescent and very small in all its parts. 
 
 * * * * Leaves oblong, pinnate or bipinnate : petals rose-purple, small : fruit small, its 
 beak 1^ to 1| inches long; seeds as in the preceding section. Hispid or glandular-villous 
 cespitose Mediterranean species, established in the Southwest and occasional elsewhere. 
 
 B. moschAtum, L'Her. Acaulescent and closely prostrate or soon with ascending branches, 
 mostly stout and glandular: leaflets usually large, short-stalked, ovate to elliptical, serrate, 
 somewhat inci.sely broad-lobed, the terminal cuneately 3- or 5-parted ; stipules large, rather 
 obtu.se: sepals not terminated by long bristles : antheriferous filaments 2-toothed. — L'Her. 
 in Ait. Kew. ii. 414; Willd. Spec. iii. 631 ; Torr. Pac. R. Rep. vii. 8; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. 
 Germ. v. t. 184, f. 4867 (Herodinm) ; Trelease, 1. c. 81 ; Parish, Zoe, i. 8. — California and 
 Lower California, and occasional in the Northern Atlantic States, usually in heavy soil. 
 
 E. cicutArilm, L'Her. Habit of the last, but mostly low and slender, less glandular, often 
 coarsely canescent : leaflets small, nearly sessile, the uppermost confluent, more oblong, 
 incisely pinnatisect with acute usually narrow often toothed lobes; stipules commonly 
 small and acute : sepals with 1 or 2 terminal bristle-like hairs : filaments not toothed. — 
 L'Her. in Ait. Kew. ii. 414; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 116 ; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. v. 21, t. 
 183, f. 4864 (Ihrodium); Hook. & Am. Bot. Beech. 136; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 208; Gray, 
 Gen. ii. 130; Trelea.se, 1. c. 82; Parish. Zoe, i. 8. — Vancouver to Lower California, 
 Texas, and Colorado, chiefly in sandy soil, also occasional in the Eastern States. 
 
Fl(£rkea. (;I:KA.\IA» K.K. 3(^3 
 
 3. PELARGONIUM, \:\hv. (Name- from Tr«A«,r/<A. a »ti.rk, for ilu- 
 same reason as in Krodium.) — At lcnj,'lli caul.Mtni ln-rlib or low hliruWi. with 
 leaves and stipules as in Eiodinm. l>Mo\virs usually cluhlinMl on roinnionlv 
 elongated iR'duncles. — Gnaniid. t. 7-."5.i, et<-. ; H.-ntii. A: ll.iok. Gen. i. 'Il.\; 
 Keiche in Engl. «& Prantl, Nat. rHan/tnf. iii. Al). I, lu, — Mohtlv niilive» of 
 Africa and Australia, including the so-called Gernniunis of cullivalicMi. 
 
 P. Anckj's, L'lk-r. Ces|iitosil_v uprwuling from u Hi.iut ri>ot. with Hubx'fuiili- Klnn'liilnr pii»*»- 
 cenie above : leaves rijiind-reiiifuriii, creiuilatc ami olimurely cri-naU-iy IoIm-.I. iii<.r« or If** 
 crisped, usually much slmrtir than ih.ir peliohs: Ihiwern nilin-r deiuM-ly uinlK-lli-d, miiiuie. 
 deep violet : petals al.oui equal to ami pedicels a little longer than the nh..rt w-al.n.iw m-|>iiU : 
 beak of fruit about 6 lines long. — L'ller. in Ait. Kew. ii. VM; .Iiici|. ('olloct. iv. IM, l ^2, 
 f. 3; A. Kiistwood, Krythea, iv. 34. — Oakland, California, Miss E>istwiHMl. A chaiice 
 iiitroductinii. (Adv. from S. Afr.) 
 
 4. TROPuSOLUM, L. Nastiktilm. (Nam.- fnmi r/^oTrato,, a t.ij:ii of 
 victory, from the shield-shaped leaves.) — (limliing or s|)reading slendcr-ht«-niin<-d 
 pungent herbs with alternate frecjuently peltate round leaves. StipuU-s wanting 
 or minute. Flowers solitary in the axils, mostly on slender pi<luncles. — Gen. 
 no. 323; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 274; Keiche, 1. c. 2<; ; Huchenau iu Engl. 
 Jalirb. XV. 180-2o*J, xxii. 157-183. — Natives of South America. 
 
 T. mAji;s, L. StrajfglintT, glabrous: leaves rouml, peltate, rep.ind : Hnwers large, vari">n>ly 
 yellow or reddish, the lower petals fimbriate at biuse. — Spec. i. 345 ; ('urti«. It.it. .M.ng u 
 23; (ireene, Fl. Frauds, i. 99. — A I'eruvian plant, escaping from cultivatiim in California 
 Jide Greene, 1. c. 
 
 5. FLCfcRKEA, AVilM. (Namd after Elorkc, a G.rman botanist,) — 
 Pungent, soft-stemmed annual herbs with alternate once-thrice-pinnately disserted 
 petioled mostly exstipulate leaves. — Neue Schr. Ges. Nat. Fr. lierlin, iii. HH; 
 Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 210; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 1.31». t. l.'.l ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. 
 i. 275 ; Baill. Hist. PI. v. 20 ; Trelease, Mem. Boston 8oc. Nat. Hist. iv. H.*) ; 
 Reiche in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. PHanzenf. iii. Ab. .'». 137. — Exclusively North 
 American ; the type of the genus trimerous, while the other species constitute 
 Limnanthes, a scarcely .separable genus which, however, is still maintained by 
 some authors. 
 
 * Flowers trimerous: petals oldong, entire, subacute, shorter than the sepaK oj>on in asti- 
 vation : stigmas little enlarged : pediuicles bent Ijelow the flower. — Flirrkra proper. 
 F. proserpinacoides, Wm.i.d. 1. c 449. (False MKitMAin.) (il:ibn.usw<'.-»k stemmed. 
 
 a spun to a foot liiirh : .livisions of leaves 3 to mostly .5. linear, lanre.date or . K-cjuiion.il Ir 
 
 ellijitical, remote, entire : petals white, not over a line long : fruit subghdnme, I^ to a lines 
 
 long, loosely tuberculate. — Lindl. J.mr. Bot. i. 1, t. 113; Torr. & (Jray. Fl. i. 210; (Jray. 
 
 1. 0. ; Trelea.se, 1. c. 8.5. F. Inmstn's, T'ers. Syn. i. 393. F. uh'fjiiioso. Muhl. Cat. 36. /'. /«/i«. 
 
 tris. \utt. r.en. i. 229. Xertn'x piiinntn, I'ursh, Fl. i. 239. ('nfmmhfi pitinnlo, S<-h»U. Sy»t. rii. 
 
 l.'jVO—Can.ida to Oregon, south in the East to renn.sylvania and llliiioisi. ami in the West 
 
 to California and Utah. 
 
 » ♦ Flowers 4-6-morons : pot.ils oblong- to ol>ovnte-cnnenfe, tninr.ito or em.irginnle. o.n 
 volute : stigmas small, capitate : peduncles mostly straight. — I.imnuuthrs. 
 4— Flowers 4-merons : petals short ami narmw. 
 F. Macounii, Trki.kase, n. comb. fJlnbrous, 2 or 3 inches high : divi«ion« nf le.ireo .5 to 
 
 9. remote, small, ovate, mostly .3-cleft, with acute bdies : sepals nither obtuiw potaU while, 
 
 U to 2 lines long: nutlets obovoi.i. 1^ lines long, with v.-ry prominent tulwrcW — A**- 
 
 nnnlhes Maronnii, Trelea.se, 1. c. 8."). — Vancouver Island, Mactiun. 
 
364 GEKANIACE.E. Flcerkea, 
 
 ■t- H— Flowers 5 (or exceptionally 6) -raerous : petals broader, usually exceeding the sepals : 
 nutlets about 2 lines long. 
 
 F. Douglasii, Baillon. Glabrous, very spreading, the branches a span to a foot or more 
 long : divisions of leaves 3 to mostly about 9, from linear and entire to mostly lanceolate 
 and laciuiately once or twice cleft into narrow acute lobes : sepals narrow, acute : petals 
 yellow, white, or occasionally roseate near the end, rather narrow: nutlets from smooth to 
 strongly tuberculate. — Hist. PI. v. 20, f. 50-54; Greene, ¥1. Francis. 100. Limnanthes 
 Douglasii, K. Br. Loud. & Edinb. Phil. Mag. ii. 70; Lindl. Bot. Heg. t. 1673; Hook. Bot. 
 Mag. t. 3554; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 95, excl. syn. ; Trelease, 1. c. 85. L. grandijiorus 
 and L. sulphureus of gardens. — Oregon to Southern California. A low form 2 or 3 inches 
 high, with the petals scarcely eciualliiig the rather broad sepals, from Table Rock, Oregon, 
 Howell, 635, is L. intmila, Howell in herb. Tall ("aliforniau jjlants, a foot or more high, 
 often at first somewhat woolly as in F. alba, constitute F. versicolor, Greene, Erythea, 
 iii. 62. 
 
 F. rosea, Gkekne. Glabrous, scarcely over a span high : divisions of leaves more linear 
 or tiliform, less incised : petals broader, whitish, marked by longitudinal roseate lines : iruit 
 very rough : otherwise like the last. — Fl. Francis. 100. Limnanthes rosea, Hartw. in Benth. 
 Pl.Hartw. 302; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, ii.438; Fl. Series, v. 431 b; Trelease, 1. c. 85.— 
 Nortlieru Central California. 
 
 F. alba, Greene. Low, rather erect and often subcorymbose : young parts and flower buds 
 very wliite-woolly with long hairs : leaf-segments about 7, narrowly lanceolate, commonly 
 entire except for the lowest pair which are 3-divided, but occasionally pinnatifid with about 
 5 ultimate segments: sepals relatively broad : petals yellowish white, often roseate or pur- 
 plish at top : nutlets prominently rugose-tuberculate. — Fl. Francis. 100. Limnanthes alba, 
 Hartw. in Benth. PI. Hartw. 301 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 95 ; Trelease, 1. c. 84. — 
 Oregon and the Sierras of California. Tall plants, a foot or more high, with the flowers 
 soon almost glabrous, have been collected in California, at Madera, Buckminster, Tunis Mill 
 and lone, Brandegee, and perhaps represent a state of F. versicolor, Greene, Erythea, iii. 
 62, which is held to be merely a transiently hairy form of F. Douglasii. 
 
 6. OXALIS, L. Wood Sokrel. ('O^v's, sharp, from the acid taste.) — 
 Annual or perennial acid herbs sometimes woody at base, with compound petioled 
 leaves with entire or emargiuate leaflets, some species producing cleistogamous 
 flowers at base. — Gen. no. 377 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 210 ; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 
 Ill, t. 144; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 276; Baill. Hist. PI. v. 41; Trelease, 
 Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. iv. 86, t. 1 1 ; Reiche in Engl. &, Prantl, Nat. 
 Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. 4, 19. — Mninly South American and African, but a few species 
 in the temperate regions of the Old and New World. 
 
 * Caulescent : flowers yellow, sometimes, like the rest of the plant, tinged with red-purple, 
 -t— Leaves unifoliolate, with free setaceous stipules : flowers homogone ? 
 O. dichondraefolia, Gray. A span to a foot high, appres-sed gray-villous throughout, 
 fruticose at base, the cespitose branches spreading : leaflet round-ovate, wavy-margined, 
 cordate, abruptly mucronate, 6 to 15 lines long, articulated at tlie summit of tlie often longer 
 petiole: flowers 6 lines long, solitary on axillary peduncles often exceeding the leaves, seta- 
 ceously bibracteate near the top : sepals auriculately cordate : petals narrow, clawed, about 
 twice as long as the calyx, rounded or mucronulate at apex : capsule round-ovoid, scarcely 
 as long as the sepals ; seeds about 3 in each cell, broad, about 1 line long, with prominent 
 tubercles somewhat obliquely confluent. — PI. Wright, i. 27, ii. 25 ; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 
 41 ; Trelease, 1. c. 87, t. 11," f. 1 ; Heller, Contrib. Herb. Franklin & Marshall Coll. i. 54. 
 — Southern and Southwestern Texas. (Mex.) 
 
 -t— H— Leaves piunately trifoliolate, exstipulatc : flowers heterogone ? 
 O. Berlandieri, Torr. About a span high, loosely dingy-villous throughout, snffrutescent 
 at base, the few ascending basal branches rather strictly subcorymbose above : leaflets oblong, 
 
oralis. (iKKAMACi;.!:. 3g5 
 
 sliort-stalked, al.out n lints lonp. olilicimly cmarKiiiutf, llic tcriniiial momly larfjer aii.l cud»- 
 ate; the coniiiioii priiole li.njjcr tlian tli<icali.i)* : llower;* al.-.m »i liti<-ii l<>ii^Mili..rt |i.-<lu.-lli-J. 
 mostly 3 ti)f;etlier, at the iiidi^uf axillary |M<iuiirl.-^ alx.ut <<nial t<. tin- li-m.-*tti,.| sirs i>U;rU 
 bracteil at top : st-pals lanreolatf : iH-lal.s ..iM.vatc. ttiri.f aw |..iij; it» th,. ralyx. n.uri<l«-«l «l 
 apex: capsule uv..itl, a little surpiissinj,' the sopalM ; we.N 1 i<. .'I in each cell', mJ.lij.h. fiui- 
 forin. soiiiewliat tlatienecl, three fi)Urih.s line lonj;, «iih x luiiKiiiiilinnl zi^uiK *i«K>' "f runi 
 of teeth. — But. Mex. linuMil. 41 ; Treleaj*e. 1 e. K7 . I. II, f 2. — . Southern 'Iexa». 
 
 -<—•<—•»— Leaves palniately trifoliolate, ox.-itipiilale or with bhiirt ailiiate ^lipul<••: Icnflctx 
 suhsessile, somewhat ohli(|nely ol)eor(late-<iineate, variou>ly (tiirfajiMMl Ipv the ctniiiiiuu 
 petiole: capsule several-seeded ; seeds about time fourths line lonjj, reddiidi hrowu.uvato, 
 acute at apex, flattened, with 1 to 3 deej) marj;inal grooves and nuuieroun trauavenie 
 ridges somewhat interrupted by 2 low longitudinal elevations on each siile. 
 
 ++ Flowers small, homogoiie, the styles alnjut e<iiialling the longer stamens. 
 
 = Leafy branches from a stout erect woody camiex. 
 
 O. W^rightii, (iitAV. About a span high, more or less appre.K.sed-villous throughout, cfupi- 
 lose, the prostrate and rooting or iiscentling sleii<ler stems suffrutesrent and nmn' or lemi 
 branched below: leaflets 2 to 5 lines long, often broader; the common |H-tio|e somcHhat 
 stipular-dilated at base : flowers about 5 lines long, orange-i<jlore<l, often drying with a tinge 
 of blue, 1 to 3 at the ends of (or occasionally di.-itributcd along) the elongated axillary |H*<lun- 
 des, which are short- bracted at top; the refracted j)edicels at length alK»ut H lines long: 
 sepals lanceolate, mostly obtuse: jietals obovate, twice a.s long iis the <alyx, usually emargi- 
 nate : caps^ules oblong, several times as long as tlie .M-pals. — I'l. Wright, i. 27. ii. 2.'i ; 'li.rr. 
 & Gray, Pac. U. Hep. ii. lt>l ; Torr. Hot. Mci. Houml. 41 ; 'IreleiLM-. 1. c. hh ; Hnindeguc, 
 Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, i. 202; I'arish, Krytlna, iii. CO. — Central California to Texaa. 
 (Mex.) 
 
 = = Not from a stout caudex, herbaceous. 
 a. Without subterranean runners, mostly perennial: inflorescence soemingly umUUate ; 
 pedicels refracted in fruit. 
 
 O. cornicul.4t.\, L. Annual, cespitose, ])rostrate and rooting at the node* or aflopnding ;, 
 the slender branches from a span to a foot long, .soniewhat rougbvillous : leaflets 3 to 5 linpn 
 long and mostly a little wider; sti]>ules evident, round-top|ied or truncate, adnale t«i the 
 petiole: flowers aliout 3 lines long, .solitary, or usually paireil or umbelled ; the shortly 
 bract eate peduncles longer than the leaves ; pedicels elongated : sepals lanceol.ite t<i oblong, 
 rather obtuse: petals obovate, about twice as long a.s the calyx, obsmnly crenulale or 
 emarginate ; styles and longer stamens about as long as the sepals: fruit .-is in the last. 
 — Spec. i. 435; Jacq. Oxal. 16, 30, t. 5; Kll. Sk. i. 52.'); Zucc. Oxal. 34. & Nachtr. 53; 
 Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 117 ; Torr. & Cray, Fl. i. 211 ; Heichenb. Ic. Fl. (Jerm. v. t. I'JS. f. 
 4896 ; Trelcase, 1. c. 88, in jiart, & Trans. St. Louis Acad. v. 28G. O. pusUIn, Sali.nb Tninn. 
 Linn. Soc. ii. 243, t 23, f. ."). — Occasional on the Atlantic coast, esjM-cially sontliward. and 
 a greenhouse weed everywhere. (Introd. fnmi Ku. and Tropics.) A form with ibep re«|. 
 purple stems and foliage, sometimes cultivated for bedding efTect, and mon- or le.-w |M«r.i!«t- 
 ent about gardens, is var. ATKOpriii't;itK.\, I'lanch. Fl. Serros, xii. t. 1205, sometimes known 
 al.so as var. rubra, var. tnrida, and as O. tro/>trnl<>ii/rs. 
 
 Var. Dillenii, Tkki,k.\sk, n. comb. A sj>an or less high, cespit.»s<\ m<»stly «ubor«>rt, 
 branched from the ba.«e, rather .stout stemmed, from a thickish jiereiiuial root, apprf>»so<l gray- 
 strigose: petiole dilated below the jmlvinus into an entirely adiiate stipular membrane: i»«<«li. 
 eels rather stout and short, or exceptionally elongateil and br.iite:»te near the mitldlc: 
 flowers 4 or 5 lines long: petals fre(|iiently brown within towanl the Icvw- ; sH les Mtmelimrii 
 evidentlv longer than the stamens: capsule relatively large: otherwise like the lyj*. — 
 0. />////«//, Jac<i. Oxal. 1.'). 28 {(In/.t lulra Amrricnui humilior fl annnn. Dill. Kith. ii. «8. 
 t. 221, f. 288) ; Pursh, Fl. i. 323 ; Ziicc. Oxal. 35. ' O. j'urcala. Kll. Sk. i. 527. O. rttrn.cn- 
 /o/ri, Trele.-t.se, Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. iv. 88, in large j.arl. O. ttrin.i, Smull. Hull 
 Torr. Club, xxiii. 267. — From the (Jre.at Lnkes to Vancouver. Texa*. Florida, and New 
 Jersey. A more erect .stouter and more canescent form than the ty|M'. app.-aring i>|NH-ificallj 
 distinct in spring, but the more prostrate forms, cs|H.'cially late in suronicr, |>aMing into 
 
366 GERANIACE.E. Oxalis. 
 
 the type. Some Floridan specimens for the present referred liere {Nash, no. 118, Palmer, 
 no. 67) have very slender capsules. 
 
 b. Producing horizontal perennial rhizomes in summer : inflorescence dichotomously cymose 
 in luxuriant specimens ; pedicels not refracted. 
 
 O. Stricta L. Annually renewed from the slender rhizomes : stems slender, solitary, erect, 
 a span to a foot or more high, somewhat branched above, softly villous and a little strigose, or 
 ghibrescent': leaflets 3 to 8 lines long and mostly broader ; slender elongated common petioles 
 without evident stipules : flowers 3 to 4 lines long : pedicels slender, short, divergent : sepals 
 lance-ovate, obtuse : petals subentire, scarcely twice as long as the calyx : styles generally 
 a little longer than the stamens and sepals. — Spec. i. 435 {Oxys s. tnfulium luteum curnicu- 
 latum Virginiaiium, etc., Morison, Plant. Hist. ii. sec. 2, t. 17, f. 3) ; Jacq. Oxal. 29, t. 4 (but 
 pedicels shown :is refracted) ; Ell. Sk. i. .'J26; Zucc. Oxal. 34, & Naclitr. 64 ; Hook. Fl. Bor.- 
 Am. i. 118; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 212; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 112, t. 144, f. 7-11. 0. corniculata, 
 var. stricta, Sav. in Lam." Diet. iv. 683 ; Trelease, 1. c. 88. 70. Jiorida, Salisb. Prodr. 322. 
 0. ambigua, Salisb. Trans. Linn. Soc. ii. 242, t. 23, f. 4. 0. ci/mosa, Small, Bnll. Torr. 
 Club, xxiii. 267. — New Brunswick to South Dakota, Colorado, Indian Territory, and South 
 Carolina ; fl. some three weeks later than the preceding. (Old World.) 
 ++ ++ Flowers larger, heterogone-trimorplious. 
 
 O. recurva, Elliott. A span high, at length with very slender ])rostrate stems a foot or more 
 long, with greatly elongated internodes, from a seemingly jxTcnnial root, usually villous: 
 leaflets 3 to 7 lines long, deeply notched; stipules small, adnate, somewhat rounded at top: 
 flowers 5 to 6 lines long, usually in pairs, the very slender elongated pedicels a little arcuate, 
 often bent near the capsules or refracted, occasionally bracted about the middle: sepals 
 lanceolate, rather acute : petals more than twice as long as the calyx : styles decidedly 
 longer than the .sepals in the long-styled form. — Sk. i. 526 (the short-styled form) ; Small, 
 Bull. Torr. Club, xxi. 474, t. 222. W. Lyoni, Pursh, Fl. i. 322. ?0. cesi>itosa, Raf. New 
 Fl. ii. 27. O. curnicii.'ala, var (?) macrantha, Trelease, 1. c. 88, t. 11, f. 5, as to the eastern 
 form. 0. macrantha, Small, Bull. Torr. Club, xxiii. 268. — Pennsylvania to E. Texas and 
 Florida. Intermediate in a.spect between 0. stricta and 0. corniculata. 
 
 O. pumila, Nutt. Perennial, from at length woody creeping rootstocks: stems single or 
 somewhat approximated, a span or two high, slender, more or less villous : leaflets 4 to 8 
 lines long and somewhat broader, without stipules : flowers 6 to 9 lines long, solitary or 
 usually in pairs, briglit yellow ; pedicels very slender, elongated, spreading or somewhat re- 
 fracted in fruit : sepals oblong, rather obtuse : petals about tliree times as long as the calyx : 
 styles or longest stamens twice as long as the sepals : capsule usually little exceeding the 
 sepals. — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 212, note. 0. Suksdorjii, Trelease, 1. c. 89, & Trans. 
 St. Louis Acad. v. 288 ; Eliot, Trans. St. Louis Acad. v. 278, f. 1 ; Small, Bull. Torr. Club, 
 xxiii. 456. 0. corniculata, var. (1) macrantha, Trelease, Mem. Bo.ston Soc. Nat. Hist. iv. 88, 
 as to Califoruian specimens. — Oregon to Central California. The west-coast representative 
 of the preceding: both comparable with a part of what has been referred to 0. microphi/lln, 
 Poir. in Australia. 0. pilosa, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 212 ; Small, Bull. Torr. Club, 
 xxiii. 457, of California from the Sacramento to Santa Barbara, if separable, differs cliiefly 
 in the stouter subterranean parts and the capsule 7 to 8 lines long. 
 
 O. grandis, Small. Perennial by slender horizontal rootstocks that are villous toward 
 the base : stems single, little branched, at length 2 feet high, mostly stout and soft-villous 
 throughout : leaflets about an inch long, often very cuneate and shallow-notched, brown- 
 margined ; no stipules : flowers 8 to 9 lines long, in few-flowered umbels, or cymose, their 
 slender pedicels rather short, sometimes refracted in fruit : sepals ovate-oblong, obtuse : 
 petals about three times as long as the calyx, bright yellow, ])rown-striate within at base : 
 styles or longest stamens twice as long as the sepals.— Bull. Torr. Club, xxi. 475, t. 223. 
 0. recurva, Trelease, 1. c. 89, & Trans. St. Louis Acad. v. 289, not Ell. — Pennsylvania to 
 S. Missouri and North Carolina. A trimorphous species long confoundei\ with 0. stricta. 
 
 * * Acaulescent, perennial by a slender rootstock covered above with imbricated dilated 
 fleshy leaf-bases : flowers white or pinkish, mostly red-veined, homogone : leaves palmately 
 trifoliolate. 
 
Oxalis. (.KKANIAIK.K. 307 
 
 -«- Scapps l/l<>w<Tt'«| : cap.xiilo round u\..i.l, fi-WM-»-<|..U 
 
 O. Acetosella, l- Si-aiin-^ly \illous: |.cti..l.s ji hpaii Ion;; or Irw ; li-aflft* 5 to 8 linn 
 lun^^ and (c.n>idLTalily wit'ir, olHordale, witli a muuII nii-nil>ntnoun fold in tin- muiui. M-a|M^ 
 soliiaiy or 1l\v, .slentli-r, a liltlr longer than tliu It-avi-h, l.ilinultalf fhorlly nl«.w ihe mi.ldlf : 
 tiowers about 8 lines long: sepalu ovaleoldong, ruliier oliluw. purple tip|M-d : jm-uUh oUamU-. 
 broadly nutelied, about 4 tinu-M lus long us tlie calyx : eapnule a line and a half long; iu-«><l» 
 ovoid, acute al)ove, ob.scurely pilied and with about 5 nliallow gnj<i\eB on em li itide — S|nf. 
 i. 433; Jac(|. (».\al. 20, 114, t. 80, f. I ; Kei.benb. le. Fl. tierni, v. t. I'J'J. f, 4Hy(* ; \Ut. Med. 
 Bot. ii. 40, t. G8 ; Torr. & (Jray, l-l. i. I'll ; 'lrelea.se, Mem. Ho^ton Sk- Nal. Hi*t. iv. ftO, t. 
 11, f. 7. O. louijijlora, L. Spee. i. 433. O. Amenciiwi, IJigel in DC. l'r.Hlr. i. 700; Za'cc, 
 Oxal. 26, & Nachtr. 35. — New Brunswick to MinucKoU, lUMitli t<i Virginia and the mountMinii 
 of North Carolina. (( >ld Worlil.) Recurved »ca|H.-.s U-ar cleihtogene Ihmen* nio«tly c..ui-eaJ.-<l 
 among the moss, etc., at biise of the j)lant. 
 
 O. Oregana, Nitt. Coarser and more densely rusty-villouH : jx-tiolej* Hoinetimeji a fool 
 long; leaflets becoming IJ inches long, then relatively narrow: scaj*.-* Hh<»rter than the 
 leaves, au inch to a span long, broadly bibracteato an .inch or less Indow the Hower : jn-talii 
 nearly an inch long: capsule 5 lines long; seeds nearly 2 lines long: otherwiM; remMnbling 
 the preceding. — Nutt. in Torr. & Ciray, Fl. i. 211. if. Anlusriln, \ar. Oroinnn, 'IreleiuM-, 
 I.e. 90. 0.iys Oret/aiia, LircGuc, Man. Bav-I{eg. 71.— Mountains, Wsishingtou u, Central 
 California. 
 
 +- -i- Scapes umbellately several-flowered : capsule linear-oblong, several s<'eded. 
 
 O. trilliifolia, Hook. A.«pect of larger sjiecimens of the liust, at most sparingly villoiui: 
 petioles sometimes a foot long; leaflets I to 2 inches long, relatively narrow when large: 
 scapes mostly several, as long as the lesnes, umliellately about 6-flowered ; |>edicels fnun 
 half inch becoming as much as 3 inches long : bracts narrow, acute : sej>als ovatelnnicolate, 
 vari(jusly acute : petals nearly white, deeply notchetl, 3 to 6 lines long, scarcely t«ice ajt 
 long JUS the calyx: capsule 10 to 15 lines long; seeds reildish brown, <di|oiig, lUMneuhat 
 longitudinally striate, oliscurely coarsely jiitted, a line long. — Fl. Bor -Am. i. IIH ; Torr & 
 Gray, Fl. i. 211 ; Trelea.se, 1. c 90, t. 11, f. 9. O. Oreifiinn, Brew. & Wats. Hot. Calif, i. 96. 
 as to fruit and, in part, inflorescence. — Mountains, W. Wjushington and Oregon. 
 * * * Acaule.scent, perennial from a scaly bulb, in summer with slender waly buU>- 
 tipped rhizomes: flowers rose-violet, heterogone trimorjihous (the mid-styh'd form some- 
 times suppressed): leaves palmately 3-10-foliolate : sepals (and usually leaflets) tipjied 
 with orange callosities. 
 
 ■»— Capsules round-ovoid : le:»flets 3, obreniform to o|>enly cordate. 
 
 O. Violacea, L. Glabrous or the pedicels and leaf-ba.ses very exceptionally a little pubc*- 
 cent : petioles 1 to 6 inches long ; leaflets 3 to 8 lines long, somewhat wider, broadly olx-ijr- 
 date with divergent lobes, or oiireniform, somewhat succulent : seajies once or twice a.» high 
 as the leaves, umbellately 3-15-flowered : flowers 7 to 10 lines long; slender jiciliceli. at 
 length somewhat longer, recurved before and after flowering: sepals oblong <ivate. rather 
 obtuse, with 2 more or less confluent callosities at apex : jH-tals undulateor truncate. 3 timrs 
 as long as the calyx : capsule 2i lines long, a little exceeding the sepaU ; sewls conipre).M«<l- 
 ovoid, irregularly rugose-tuberculate, three fourths line long — Spec. i. 434 ; .lacij. Oxal 16, 
 35, t. 80, f. 2, & ilort. Vind. ii. t. 180; Sims. H..t Mag. t. 2215 ; Kll. Sk. i. 525 ; /ucc. Oxal. 
 19, & Nachtr. 27; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 211 ; (iniy, (ien. Ill ii. 112. t. 144. f. 1-6; Haill. \\U 
 ri. V. 24. f. 64; Trelease, I. c. 90, 95, t. II, f. 10, Am. Nat xvi 13. f. 1-2. Hot. Gai. xiii. 
 191, t. 12, & Trans. St. Louis Acad. v. 289.— New Knglaml to the Dakotx-". (\>l.iradi». New 
 Mexico, and Florifla. Said to be introduced in Ceyh>n {Trimen, llamllMMik. i. 197). aiid 
 Italy (Beguinot. Bull. Soc. Hot. Ital. 1895. 110). In late summer and autumn, after the 
 leaves have disappeared, some specimens flower again on lonu' slender wajicn, the |iodii-(>U 
 occasionally elongated ami branched. An albino is also sometimes found. 
 •»- •*- Capsule oblong-ovoid (unknown in (h diifnjen*). 
 ++ Leaflets 3, large, thin, oln-onlate. 
 
 O. MahtiAxa, Zucr. Large and lax. the leaflets with deep narn>w niniix. without apical 
 callositv, but dotted on the under surface and with n marginal mw of small n»und orangv 
 
368 GERANIACEiE. Oxalis. 
 
 callosities: scapes and petioles more or less villous. — Oxal. 20. — Florida, Meehan, Fred- 
 holm, and in greenhouses elsewhere. (Adv. from S. Am.) 
 
 ++ ++ Leaflets 3 to 5, medium-sized, ratlier .-succulent, obcordate-deltoid to V- or Y-shaped, 
 nearly or quite witiiout apical callosity. 
 
 =^ Leaflets 3, obcordate-deltoid to mostly V-shaped. 
 
 O. Druminondii, Gray. Glabrous: petioles about a span high; leaflets 3 to 10 lines 
 long and decidedly broader, deeply V-sliaped, usually with narrow spreading lobes : scape 
 nearly twice as long as the leaves, umbellately few-flowered : flowers 7 to 10 lines long, tlieir 
 slender pedicels at length an inch long : sepals and bracts acutish, the former freciucnlly 
 witii 4 to 6 more or less confluent apical callosities : capsule somewhat pubescent, 5 lines 
 long; .seeds pale brown, round-ovoid, flattened longitudinally, 8-10-creased and trans- 
 versely wrinkled, half line long. — Tl. Wrigiit. ii. 25; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 41. 0. 
 vespertilionis, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 679 ; Trelease, Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. iv. 91, t. 11, 
 f. 13. — Arizona, Palmer, and S. W. Texas. 
 
 = = Leaflets 3 to 5, deeply obcordate. 
 
 O. divergens, Benth. Glabrous : petioles an inch to a span long ; leaflets mostly 4, 5 to 10 
 lines long and about as l)road, obcordately parted to the miildle, the lobes narrow and ascend- 
 ing : scaj)es I to 3 times as long as the leaves, umbellately 3-10-flo\vered : flowers 5 to 7 lines 
 long, nearly equalling tlieir slender pedicels : sepals rather acute, with 2 callosities. — PI. 
 Hartw. 9; ?Liudl. Bot. Heg. t. 1620 (white-flowered); Trelease, 1. c. 91, t. 11, f. 11. 0. 
 vespertilionis. Gray, PI. Fendl. 27. 0. violacea. Gray, PI. Wright, i. 27, ii. 25. — S. Arizona 
 to \V. Texas. (Mex.) 
 
 Var. amplifolia, Trelease, n. comb. Nearly glabrous : leaflets 3, an inch long, and 
 twice as broad, rather thin, somewhat ciliate, very openly obcordate-deltoid with divergent 
 lol)es : flowers about 7 lines long, shorter than the pedicels : sepals broadly oblong, very 
 obtuse, with 4 oblong callosities : petals obovate, entire, about 4 times as long as the calyx : 
 capsule 4 to 5 lines long, about twice the length of the sepals ; seeds ovate, acute above, 
 transversely rugose, with about 4 longitudinal grooves on each side, half line long. — 0. 
 lati folia, Trelease, 1. c. 91, t. 11, f. 12, not HBK. — Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona, Pringle, 
 and Organ Mountains, New Mexico, Vase;i, to S. W. Texas, //arnrr/, and Magdalena Island, 
 Lower California, Drandeyee. Intermediate between 0. diverfjens and 0. Drummondii. 
 ++++++ Leaflets 3 to 10, long but relatively narrow, rather succulent, obcordate-cuneate 
 to mostly Y-shaped, without apical callosity. 
 
 O. decaph;^lla, HBK. Glabrous : petioles a span long or less : leaflets f inch to 2 inches 
 long, notched or parted halfway to the base, occasionally a little ciliate : scapes slightly 
 longer than to twice as long as the leaves, umbellately several-flowered : flowers 5 to 10 lines 
 long, scarcely shorter than the slender pedicels : sepals obtuse, with 2 apical callosities : 
 capsule about 4 lines long, its cells about 4-seeded ; seeds pale brown, compressed, round- 
 ovoid, longitudinally 8-10-creased and transversely wrinkled, half line long. — Nov. Gen. 
 & Spec. v. 238, t. 468; Trelease, 1. c. 91, t. 11, f. 14. — Mountains of Arizona and New 
 Mexico. (Mex.) 
 O. CERNUA, Thunberg, a bulhiferous species with large yellow flowers, has been collected in 
 
 Duval County, Florida, Fredholm, as escaped bnt not hardy. (Cape.) 
 
 7. IMPATIENS, Rivin. Balsam, Jewel-weed. (Named from the 
 elastic dehiscence of the fruit when touched.) — Annual mild herbs with succulent 
 translucent stems and simple thin alternate petioled exstipulate leaves. Some 
 small regular cleistogamous flowers normally produced in addition to the irregular 
 ones. — Tetrap. t. 121 ; L. Gen. no. 680; Torr. & Gray, Y\. i. 208; Gray, Gen. 
 111. ii. 133, t. 152, 153; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 277; Baill. Hist. PI. v. 39; 
 Trelease, Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. iv. 99 ; Warburg & Reiche in Engl. & 
 Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. 5, 389. — A rather large genus, mostly of Asia 
 and Africa. 
 
Impaticns. lU TACK/E. 3g9 
 
 I. aiirea, Mum.. (Pu.k I'oircii-MK-NoT.) SoniitiinoH 5 .,r C fwt l.iKh. tn.«.tlv liKht emu ; 
 Icavts ofi.Mi 3 to 4 iinli.s K.iif,'. ni.,«tly ,-x<-,-.-.linK tlu-ir pi-li..l..H, ,m,Jit l--li.w. *lli|Mir»l. 
 coarsely creiiatf-.^erriit.-. r.iiiii.l.-d or a.iiie at l.iw.-. tlic- a|H.x un.l lu.iiit. t«^th .«-ciij.iui,«lU 
 niiUTouate: bract.s .ivalo. acute : llowern rather lar^.-. pale \ell..w. u^uallv liill.- iii.Htl«I, i-x- 
 ceptioiially pinkish or white: tho wiceato sepal l.n.a.lly coni.al. N-an-.-lv 'l..i.j;er thiui l.n^d, 
 its slender spur short (2 to 3 lines in length), ahrupt.'refrarte.l at I.jom-.' tin- end nut. h.-<l — 
 Cat. 2fi. /. iHtllidu, Xutt. (mmi. i. UG; 'lorr. & (imy, FI. i. I'liH ; TnlejiM-, 1. c 9».— Caiuwla 
 to the Saskatchewan, south to Kansjw an<l North Carolina ; also in <»r<'jfon. Lt/all. 
 
 I. bifldra, Wai.t. (Si-ottkd T<.I(1i-mk-n()T.) Tw.. to four feet hi>,'h, Momewhat oraiKP- 
 ur purple-tinted and a little f,'lau(on.s : leaves sinallir, u.^nally 2 or 3 ih« h«-« l,.nj,' (.hmU 
 narrow: Howers oranpe or occiusinnally i)inkish, usually copiously mottled with n-d.|ij,h 
 brown : the saccate sepal evidently lonp-r than l)r<iad, its slender spur lonj,' (4 u» 5 line*), 
 rather ahrupt, tle.xuou.sly recurved : otherwise resemhlinj,' the last. — Car. 219 ; Willd. Sjicc! 
 i. I17-); I'ursh. Fl. i. 171 ; R.eni. & Schult. Syst. v. 349; Kll. Sk. i. 304. /. fultsi, Nutt, 
 Gen. i. 146; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Ain. i. 117 ; Torr. & (Jray. FI. i. 209; (Jrny, (Jen. 111. ii. 135, 
 t. 1.52, 153 ; Trelea.se, 1. c. 99. /. tnarulntn, Muhl. Cat. 26. /. u;liUt,„,rTr, /3. .Mi. h.x. Fl ii! 
 149. — Newfoundland to Washington, south to Kan.sxs ami .MLssis-sippi. (Intrxl into 
 England.) 
 
 I. NoLiTAXGEUE, L. (The true Toicii-mk-not.) Leaves larger, often more strikingly M-rmtr, 
 sometimes cordulatc : flowers clearer yellow : saccate .^epal larger and still m-.n- e'l<.ngnt.-.|[ 
 gradually tapering into the long recurved sjmr which usually isn..t notched at tij. — Sjmt. 
 ii. 9.38; Keiehcnb. Ic. Fl. Germ. v. t. 198 1. ; Ktt. & I'ok. I'hysiotypia I'l. Au.str. x. t. 'Ji'5 — 
 Koosack River, Washington, Suksdorf. (Introd. from Fu.)' 
 
 Order XXXIII. I{rT.\('i:.E. 
 
 By a. Gray ; the genera Citrni^ and Ami/ris revised hy L. 11. Haim :v ;iiid I?. L. 
 ItoBi.NsoN respectively. 
 
 Woody or rarely herlK-xceou.s plants, punctate witli (til-;.d:inds in tlif form of 
 pellucid or dark dots in the leaves, petals, &c., or as. pustules, these charged with 
 essential oil (graveolent, pungent, or aromatic). Leaves destitute of stipules, 
 except prickles. Flowers 4-o-nierous, mainly regular and mostly syuunetriial. 
 Stamens as many or twice as many as the sepals (imhricated in the hud) and 
 petals or occasionally more numerous, in.serted on or mostly around a hy|>«)<jynous 
 disk. Anatropous or amphitropous peixlulous ovules two or more in each cell 
 or carpel. Emhryo straight or curved, either filling th«' seed or large in pro|>or- 
 tion to the alhumen. — Order largely represented in the tropics and in the 
 southern hemisphere, feehly so in North America, and the larger trilM-s ahsrnt. 
 The characteristic dots are obsolete or wanting in one or more coriaceous-leavetl 
 species of Xanthoxjihtm. 
 
 Ri;ta ouAvioi.KNs, L., the common Hue, of the Old WorM. a familiar denizen of pinions, 
 is of a group re])re.scnted in N. America by Thamnosma. 
 
 DirxAMNts FRAXixfer.i.A, L., of Furopo, which ha.s somewhat irretrular flowcrn mkI « 
 5-lohed ovary, in fruit becoming jis many nearly sepanite and 2viUve«l c«r|Mdi», in common iu 
 old gardens. 
 TiURi: I. IU'TK.K. Heavy-sreiit.-d lierhs or sufTnitirose plant,", with strictly hor- 
 
 niai'liroditc flowers. Ovules .'^evrral (.'? to 20) in each cell or car|»el. Kmbrj-o 
 
 smiounded hy fle.shy alhumen, more or lev* curved, except in Dictamnu*. 
 
 24 
 
370 RUTACEiE. 
 
 1. THAMNOSMA. Flowers 4-merous but pistil dimerous. Calyx 4-lobed, short, persistent. 
 Petals iiiibriLaie in the hud, erect or barely spreading in anthesis, ovate or oblong, in- 
 serted on the base of a thickened creuate or lobed hypogyuous disk, deciduous. Stamens 8, 
 with slender filaments and oval glandular-apiculatc anthers. Uvary 2-lobed, more or less 
 stipitate, with few or several ovules in each cell on a central placenta ; style filiform, entire ; 
 stigma ca])itate. Capsule coriaceous, obcordate or didymous, few-.'*ee(h'd, loculicitlal above ; 
 seeds reniform, witii coriaceous testa and arcuate or incurved embryo in thin albumen. 
 Leaves simple. 
 
 Tribe II. XANTIIOXYLE.E. SliniKs or trees, with aromatic or pungent and 
 bitter bark and foliage, and either unisexual or hermaphrodite flowers. Ovules 
 only a pair in each carpel or cell. Seeds usually solitary ; embryo with superior 
 radicle, mostly fiat cotyledons, and surrounded by some albumen. 
 
 * Carpels or capsule dehiscent : flowers hermaphrodite, 5-merous (sometimes 4-merous) and 
 diplostemonous, symmetrical. 
 
 2. CHOISYA. Sepals imbricate in the bud, deciduous. Petals sjjreading, o])long with 
 narrow base, sliglitly imbricate in the bud, dcciducms. Stamens 10 or 8, with lanceolate 
 filaments, those opposite tlie petals shorter ; anthers somewhat didymous. Hypogynous 
 disk inconspicuous. Ovary 5-lobed to below the middle, pubescent; the carpels conically 
 produced at ajjcx, bearing a pair of subcollateral ovules aliout tlie middle ; styles ventral, 
 filiform-clavate, conuiveut and cohering above, as also the enlarged terminal stigmas. 
 Fruit dry, 4-r)-coccous or by abortion 2-3-coccous ; the mature carpels dorsally corniform- 
 umbonate near summit, at length 2-valved, and the cartilaginous endocarp separating from 
 the thin exocarp ; seeds solitary or sometimes geminate, reniform, with nearly smooth 
 subcrustaceous testa and arcuate embryo in thin albumen (in C. dumosa). Leaves opposite, 
 palmately compound. 
 
 * * Fruit samaroid, indehiscent : flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, 3-5-merous, usu- 
 ally 4-merous, isostemouous. 
 
 3. HELIETTA. Flowers nearly of Ptelea, but hermaphrodite and carpels as many as 
 petals, united at the axis, separating in fruit into akeniform cocci, each bearing a large 
 dorsal ascending wing. 
 
 4. PTELEA. Flowers monoeciously or dioeciously polygamous. Sepals 4 or 5, small, decid- 
 uous. Petals 4 or 5, commonly 4, much surpassing the calyx, imbricated in the bud, decid- 
 uous. Stamens 4 or .5, with narrow filaments, in sterile flowers inserted at base of a small 
 annular disk; in fertile flowers small and often abortive. Ovary in sterile flowers rudi- 
 mentary ; in the fertile compressed, 2-celled (rarely 3-celled), with a pair of ascending 
 hemitropous ovules in each cell, the lower ovule infertile ; style short ; stigma 2-lobed. 
 Fruit an orbiculate 1-2-celled, 1-2-seeded samara, completely winged all round (the wing 
 thin and reticulated), or in an anomalous species nucumentaceous and almost or wholly 
 wingless. Leaves alternate, palmately trifoliolate. 
 
 * * * Carpels dehiscent : flowers dioecious, 3-5-merous, isostemouous, small. 
 
 5. XANTHOXYLUM. Calyx 3-5-lobed or -parted and petals (mostly imbricated in the 
 bud) as many, in one species either calyx or corolla wanting. Stamens alternate with the 
 petals. Pistil a mere rudiment in the cf flowers ; in ? flowers as many carpels as petals 
 and opposite them, or fewer, or rarely reduced to one, usually on an ovoid disk or short 
 gynopliore, connivent or slightly cohering ventrally (cither as to ovaries or ui)per part of 
 the styles), separating in age. Fruit drnpaccous-follicular, at length partly 2-valved, the 
 endocarp hardly at all separable ; seed solitary or sometimes a pair, ovoid or globular, 
 sometimes with a .^lightly fleshy at length friable outer coat, which falls away from the dark 
 and shining crustaceous inner one ; embryo straight or nearly so in fleshy albumen, with 
 broad and flat cotyledons. Leaves alternate, mostly pinnate. 
 
 * * # * Carpel solitary with almost basal style, in fruit subdrupaceous : flowers her- 
 maphrodite, 4-merous, diplostemonous. 
 
 6. CNEORIDIUM. Sepals 4, persistent. Petals 4, much larger, ovate, much imbricated 
 in the bud. Stamens 8, short, those opposite the petals shorter ; anthers ovate, mucronulate. 
 
Chobijn. IMIACK.K. ;;7 1 
 
 ■ Pistil of a single carjx'l on a small rujiulatf disk ; ovary jjlolmlar. with » psir of ai«r«ii<iiDf( 
 ovuU's; sUlc .siipraLasal. jlavollate , slignia sulH-apitato. Friiii j;]..!-!.*.. jit-a i.h«|«N|, ihiu. 
 ilnipaceuus, a narrow layer of |iiil|i lMaw(;cn lli« snioutli (>|iii'ur|i nn<l ■ part liintMit like 
 endocarp ; seed glolmiar, witli a tliiik cruslaccous u-ma. ranipyl..ir..|K,oji ; finbrvo aliutwt 
 annular in a vtrv thin stratum of llesliy all>umen; cotyledonii oval, ratiier H«»hr,'luui;itucli- 
 nally eonvolulf-inf-ilded. Simple-leaved slirul). 
 
 TiMitK III. AMYKIDK.K. Slirul.s or tn-es, l»aIsatiiic-resiiioiu<, with liiTtnnptinMlita 
 or polygainoiis tlowers, and a solitary carpel with a teriiiinal wssjle hti^-nia. OvuIcm 
 a pair, collateral. Eml)ry<) straight, with very thick cotyledons; no albumen. 
 
 7. AMYRIS. Calyx 4-toothed, jiersistent. I'etiils 4, imbricated in tbo bml. at b-ny^h widely 
 s|)roading. Stamens 8, those opposite the |)etals sliorter. Stigma iuiu>ib< nr i>ulw<'««ile, 
 depressed-capitate. Drupe globular, with thin tlesli and chartaeoous puUmen, l■M•4•<ll^d. 
 
 TitiHK IV^ ArUANTIE.K. Trees or shrubs, aromatic (fragrant with v«jlatil«' tiil), 
 with hormaidiroditc flowers. Stamens often 3 or 1 times as many as j«-talH or 
 somewliat iiidctinitely numerous, then disposed to be irregularly iMdyadelphoun. 
 Pistil of few or several cells or carpels completely combine<l, ImjIIi a.s to ovary and 
 style (the latter deci<luous) ; ovules not rarely several in each ct-ll. Fruit baccatw 
 and corticate ; seeds destitute of albumen. Leaves 1-several-folioIate. Wholly 
 of the Old World. The familiar genus is 
 
 8. CITRUS. Flowers 4-8 (mostly .5)-merou8. Calyx cupular. I'etaU narr.wly ..bb.Mg. 
 thickish, imbricated in the bud, deciduous. Stamens '20 t<i CO, iti.M-rteil amund a strong 
 annular or cupular disk. Ovary several celled and several ovules in ea<h cell. Kmlirru 
 straight, with short radicle and fleshy CDtyledous; in cultivation not rarcdy two or ni"Tv 
 embryos develuped in each seed. 
 
 1. THAMNOSMA, Torr. & Frcin. ((-)a;/io?, a bush, ,Vr//,), scent or had 
 smell.) — Rue-scented low-shrubby or nearly herbaceous pustulat«'-dott»'<I phuitii, 
 with small simple sessile alternate leaves, and .somewhat racemiform inflorescenre 
 at ends of rigid branches. Petals yellowish or purplish-tinged. — Fn-m. Hep. 
 31.'] ; Torr. Pacif. H. Hep. iv. 7.'3, t. 3 ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 28H ; Ilrew. & 
 W.tt>. Hot. Calif, i. 'JT. Riitosma, Gray, PI. Lindh. pt. 2, l.')8. 
 
 T. montana, Toru. & Fke.m. 1. c Slimbby, l)roomlike: rigid branches pn^tul.ite. largely 
 leariess: leaves very small, linear or broader, few<>r deciduous : petjils lialf incli long. m<w(ly 
 erect, purple : filaments and .-^tyle filiform, the latter exserted : ovary and capule didyniotui. 
 almost iiifollicular at maturity, raised on a slender l>ut iKcasionally short stiiie; w<'ds few or 
 by al)ortion solitary, somewhat cochleate-reniform, the coat nearly snnMiih ; cotyli'dnnn 
 linear. — Desert-region of Arizona and adjacent borders of Ttah and California; first roll. 
 by Fremont. 
 
 T. Texana, Tokh. Herbaceous from a woody !i:i.>*e : stems slender, oroct or fffireading. a 
 foot or less iiigh, leafy: leaves filiform linear, half indi long: |H'tals 2 linen long, ovato- 
 oblong, spreading, jiale greenish-yellow or whitish or jmrplish outside; st\le not cx.*<Tt«>d ; 
 8ti|)e of dee|dy obcordate fruit very short or hardly any ; seeds s<'veral, ghibuhir reniform, 
 muriculate-papillose ; cotyledons oblong. — Bot. Mex. Hound. 42; Brew. St. Wat* 1 c. ; 
 Coulter. .Man. Kocky Mt. Keg. 4.'). /iutosma Tfrnnn, Gray, 1. c, Con III. ii 144, t. 15.'.. &. 
 PI. Thnrb. 29S, .304.— Rocky hills, Tex.as to S. Colonulo and Arizona ; first ell by /<<r/nii. 
 Jin: (.\dj. .Mex., (ire;rj, &c.) 
 
 2. CHOfSYA. II HK. (J. /). Chois;/, Genoveso InUanist.) — llninching 
 shnihs of Mexico and ;i<ii;ic.iit .\rizon:i. glandidar-puncfate and aromatic, mhiu'- 
 what pubescent, with cliielly oj)posite palmately 3-'.t-foliola«»' l<>ave« and M'K»ilo 
 leaflets, :ind rather showy white or <ream-<'oltired Howers somewhat umlndlately 
 cymo.se at the summit of leafy branches. — Nov. (ien. & S|m'c. vi. 1. t. /ilS 
 (gyuoecium iucorrect) ; DC I'rotlr. i. 72 i (where char. •* ca]M.ula i-rostrata'* 
 
372 RUTACEiE. Choisya. 
 
 first appears) ; Adr. Juss. Mem. Rut. 107 ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 297 ; Baill. 
 
 Hist. PI. iv. 471 (describes the separable eudocarp) ; Morren, Belg. llort. xxx. 
 
 314 t. 17; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, xxiii. 224, second species added. Juliana, 
 
 Llav. & Lex. Nov. Veg. Desc. ii. 4. — Congener of C. ternata, IIBK., now cult. 
 
 for ornament, is 
 
 C. dumosa, (^kay, 1. c. Much branched, very leafy, 3 to 6 feet high, acrid-aromatic: 
 ' branches glaudular-pustulate : leaflets 3 to 9, uarrowly linear, longer tiiau the petioles (the 
 larger 2 inches long), their margins as if crenately denticulate by coarse glands : petals a 
 third to half inch long: carpels almost separate at maturity, usuaUy only 2 or 3 fertile, 
 ovoid, and with sliort conical cusp ; seed with a deciduous caruncle ? (or attached portion of 
 endoc'arp). — .Is^Vy/""* dumosum, Torr. Pacif. R. Hep. ii. 161, & Bot. Mex. Bound. 42.— 
 Rocky hills, W. borders of Texas (first coll. by Wriyht, without flowers or fruit) and New 
 Mexico to S. Arizona, Bigelow, Schott, Henry, and fine specimens by Pringle. (Adj. Mex. 
 Palmer.) 
 
 3. HELIETTA, Tulasne. {Dr. Helie, a writer on the toxic properties 
 of Rue.) —Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, vii. 280 ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. oOl. 't Pi- 
 crella, Baill. Adansonia, x. 149, t. 10. — Two ^ S. American and the following 
 species : — 
 
 H. parvifolia, Benth. Shrub or small tree, glabrous, with slender branches : leaves 
 opposite, palmately trifoliolate ; leaflets cuneateobovate, obtuse, not petiolulate, entire, 
 minutely pellucid-punctate, commonly inch long and middle one larger; petiole sliglitly 
 margined : flowers 4-merous, very small, in terminal and upper axillary cymes, short-pedi- 
 celled : petals white : mature carpels 3 lines long, oblong, the broadly obovate veiny and 
 rather coriaceous wing 4 lines long and broad. — Benth. in Hook. Ic. t. 1385 ; Wats. Proc. 
 Am. Acad. xvii. 33.5.- Ptelea parvifolia, Gray, riiioad Ilemsl. Biol. Centr.-Am. Bot. i. 170, 
 excl. fruit. — Hills near Ringgold, S. W. Texas, Havard. (Adj. Mex., Coahuila, Mondova 
 to Monterey, Berlandier, Gregg, Palmer, Pringle.) 
 
 4. PT^ILEA, L. Hop-tree, Wafer-ash, &c. (Greek name of the elm, 
 transferred to this genus on account of similarity of the fruit.) — Shrubs or small 
 trees (N. American and Mexican) ; with bitter bark and fruit (the samara; used 
 in brewing as a substitute for hops), alternate and pellucid-dotted trifoliolate 
 leaves, and rather small greenish-white flowers in loose terminal cymes ; fl. sum- 
 mer. — Syst. Nat. ed. 1, & Gen. no. 78 ; Adr. Juss. Mem. Rut. t. 26 (42) ; Gray, 
 Gen. 111. ii. 149, t. 157. 
 
 P. pextAndra, Benth. (not DC), PI. Hartw. 14, is apparently sterile Rhns Toxicodendron. 
 There are probably only two genuine species (these very variable and not well distinguishable) 
 and an outlying anomalous one, viz. • — 
 
 P. Aptera, Parry. (Proc. Davenp. Acad. iv. 39, & Bull. Torr. Club, xi. 10.3) a shrub 
 with small leaves (leaflets less than inch long, obovate, subsessile), few-flowered clusters, and a 
 nucumentaceous cartilaginous and turgid fruit (occasionally tricarpellary, half to two thirds inch 
 long), pustulate-glandular, bordered with a very narrow wing, or sometimes wingless ! — All 
 Saints Bay, northern part of Lower California, Parry, Orcutt. So it may be found on the U. S. 
 boundary. 
 
 P. trifoliata, r>. Tall shrub or low tree, strong-scented : leaves puberulent when young, 
 commonly glabrate ; leaflets membranaceous, ovate, mostly acuminate, obsoletely .serrulate 
 or entire (2 to 4 inches long), the lateral sessile and roundish or barely acute and terminal 
 one cuneate-attenuate at base : flowers usually 4-merous : full-grown samara an inch or less 
 
 1 A third S. American species has since been added. 
 
 2 Add Sargent, Silv. i. 81, t. 35. 
 
 8 For further notes on and figure of this species, see Gard. & For. iii. 3-32, f. 45. 
 
Xanthoxylum. lU lAt K.K 3^3 
 
 broail, orbicular or rtjund-oval, rawly notched at either end — Sji*<-. I. ||H (Dill. KUh. 
 t. \22) ; Lam. 111. t. 84 ; Nouv. Diiliam. i t. 57 ; 'lorr. & (;mv, V\. i. iXb ; Umv. (.n i:! 
 ii. 150, t. 157. > P. pinlandru, &. /'. jHrtliH-ariHi, DC. In^lr. ii. M • /'. tittcjuut ^ . 
 I'rodr. 68. — W. Now York, Canadian Bhoro of Ijikc Krie, to Mtum-aota, •uutlt l» \ . ■ » 
 ami Ti xas. (.Mi-x.) 
 
 Var. mollis, Touk. & (Jin v. l*ul»erulcnt, (tnialler loavwl : lealltu at matuntv Mrrimjo*- 
 t<>iii(iit...s.- iMiicath or rart-ly glalirato. 1»-.».h iHiintt-.l. ncldoni nwt i imhcji Xmig, : »ani*n half tu 
 three fourth.^ inch long, often retuj^e at l>!i>e and a|)e.\. — Fl. i. OhO. P. mulUi, (.'urtU, Am. Jour. 
 Sci. ser. 2, vii. 406.''' — Texaa to S. Colorado an<l Ariayma; ahwj (») WilmingtoD, X. C 
 P. Baldwinii, Touu. & (Juay, 1. c ai5. rkiwanlwfnl.d (l.indhtimtr), or ton.-- 
 mipl.asaiii (lii-.H-,,), glalirou.s or rarlv glabrate ; l.-all.-Li thartar.-., ii,inihr«n«ro«.mi, 
 iiblung-huReolalo or obovaii-.xpalulate, obtuse or .some aiute or ^ligll^lv acumiuat**, ai. 
 or two long, all contracted and terminal one attenuate at lia»e : Mimara orbit ular or > ..t. 
 more commonly emarginate at both entls. half to two thirdit inch in dianiet* r Kouni- •: •. 
 depauperate flowering siiecimen. — /'. am/i«///;>/«i, Iw-ntb I'l. Ilartw 'j (il.,w. riii;r "i-.i 
 mens); (Jray, I'l. Feudl. 28; Wat.x. Hot. King Kxp 50; Hr.w i Wat- H..t I'AA i .•: = — 
 K. Florida, Buldwin, liin/il, and Texas to Northern Calif.jrnia and »-.utbHard ; common lu 
 Ari/.nnu. (Mex.) Various forms, Home too near the preceding ; otlx-ni |mimi into 
 
 Var. parvifolia, (iUAV. Leallet» lesw than inch long. HpalulaU- or oblong lain-»«<jlat«» . 
 Siimara barely half inch in liiameier. — (Jray in Patterson. Checklist, I^Oi', |8. P./Mirt,- 
 Jul i <!,(', my in llenisl. Hiol. Centr.-Am. Hot. i. 170, ju» to pi. (,'n>/f/, Hueria* i.-.ta, and fruit 
 de.scril)ed. — St. Cieor;;e, S. Utah, and Ari/.ciua, I'ttlmrr. (Mex.. ^i»«/./, I'ulmrr.) 
 
 5. XANTHOXYLUM, L. a.s Zmahuxiilum. Pick Ki.v Asii, Tooth- 
 ACiiE-TKEE. (Nauie coiuposcd of ^u»6'os-, Vfllow, and ^I'Aoi, wocxl, np|tarfiitly 
 originated by Plukenet, whose first species was a Fu.stic, and thiK arcnuni* for 
 the name " Telloio-wood" a quality which seems not to be marke<l in any W. 
 Indian species, and does not occur in the X. American. Tlie ori<,'iual faulty 
 form of Zanthoxt/lum has been continued by most cla.ssical botaniiit« ; but, aJi 
 ]\Iiller very early wrote Xiintlwrylnm an<l nearly a dozen authors liave follow*-*! 
 him, including Smith, Sprengle, and Lindley, and as the correction of tlie initial 
 letter in this case will, happily, give little inconvenience in indexes, it is bebl to 
 adopt it.) — Bitter and. pungent aromatic trees or shrubs (largely tropical and 
 subtropical) ; with alternate mostly imparipinnate leaves, often prickly stems and 
 stalks, and small white or greenish Howers in cymes or fascicles, prtxluce*! in 
 spring. — Ilort. Cliff. 4H7, it Gen. ed. '», no..'].*}'); Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 147, t. I."ir.; 
 Benth. &, Hook. Gen. i. 21>7 ; Triana «& Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat. scr. ."i, xiv. utis, 
 
 — Our few species represent almost as many sections, 
 
 § 1. Peri.uith simple, 5-merous : flowers in umbelliform scs.silc fa.scicK-.'* from 
 axils of deciduous and sometimes abruptly pinnate leaves; the rhaehih wingless. 
 
 — ZimtJuu'iilnm, C'olden ex L. 
 
 X. Americanum, Mii.r.. (Pick ki.v Ash.) Shrub or very dmall tn-e. with ^hort prirklr* 
 in i»airs occupying the p<>.'<itiun of ,«iti|>ulo.«<, and commonly i^>me ithndcr one* on the priiuir*. 
 flowering along the naked bninches just lH?fore the leavei* of the seaMm drvidop ; Icatr* 
 
 » Add Sargent, Silv. i. 70. f. 3.1. .14. 
 
 a Add syn. P.f lomentntn, Hnf. Kl. I.iidnv. 108. 
 
 8 Add syn. r. crenulntii, (Iri-cne. I'ittonin, i. '2\C>, apparrritly a mere form <t-r.r..i..-l !i r<.nrt,.,n* 
 with the Tcxano-Mc-xican plant which olfio often hnn rrenulaie h«are». I'rot. •■ f 
 
 the odors of the two forms \* quite at variance willi the accounts of ih** aliovr m. 
 have made notes upon the Rul)j«'ct. It is pn.li.nlile that the mlor varir* c-f>n>idi-raii< i.i .i.i.r,,,,i ,, 
 vidiials even in the same locality. /'. /ii/c«/i./fi, var. ituyiuti/iftia, Jooca, l»rx. (.'AJif. Acad S(i. 
 ser. 2, V. 629. 
 
374 RUTACE.E. Xanthoxylwn. 
 
 pubescent, 5-9-foliolate ; leaflets oval or oblong-ovate, entire or nearly so, pale : petals (as 
 the perianth-segments may be called, being alternate with the stamens) pubescent at tip : 
 carpels 5, or fewer ripening, with slender counivent styles, stipitate. — Diet. ed. 8 ; Torr. & 
 Grav, Fl. i. 214; Gray, Gen. 111. 1. c. A'. Clava-Herculis, Lam. Diet. ii. 38 (excl. syn.), & 
 111. t. 811. X. fraxinijhiium, Marsh. Arb. 167. X fraxineum, Willd. Berl. Baum. .544, & 
 Spec. iv. 757 ; Nouv. Duham. vii. 2, t. 3 ; liigel. Med. Bot. iii. 1.56, t. 59; Hook. Fl. Bor.- 
 Am. i. 118.1 X. ramiforum,Mid\\. Fl. ii. 235. A', mttc, Willd. Enum. 1013, form wanting 
 prickles. X. tricarpum, Hook. 1. c, not Michx. — Canada to Minnesota, and southward to 
 Virginia and E. Kansas."^ 
 § 2. Periauth complete : flowers 4-merous, in axillary and sessile short spikes. 
 
 — Fagara, L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 897. {Fagara Pterota, P. Browne, Jam. t. 5, 
 
 f. 1, but Pterota, p. 146.) 
 
 X. Pterota, IIBK. (Bastard Iron-wood.) Tortuous shrub or small tree, with curved stip- 
 ular ijrickles, or sometimes unarmed, glabrous, evergreen : leaves 7-Il-foliolate ; leaflets (lialf 
 inch to near inch long) obovate, more or less creuate, the few dots mostly near the notclies ; 
 rhachis and petiole winged or margined : carpels 1 or 2, stipitate. — Nov. Gen. & Spec. vi. 3 ; 
 DC. Prodr. i. 725 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 680 ; Nutt. Sylv. iii. t. 84.** Schinus Fayaru, L. Spec, 
 i. 389. Fagara Pterota, L. Amoen. Acad. v. 393, & Spec. ed. 2, i. 172. F. lentiscijblia, 
 Willd. Enum. i. 165; Griseb. Fl. W. Ind. 137. — Florida and Texas. (Mex. to Brazil.) 
 
 § 3. Perianth complete : flowers 5-merous, in terminal cymes, following the 
 leaves: these in ours deciduous. — Zanthoxylum, Catesb. Car. i. 26, t. 26; L. 
 Ilort. Cliflf. 487. 
 X. Clava-Herculis, L. (Toothache-tree,* Pepper-wood, Sea Ash, Wild Or.vnge.) 
 
 Small tree, the bark studded with stout conical warty prickles, glabrous : prickles of the 
 branches and petioles scattered and straight : leaves 7-17-foliolate, orange-scented; leaflets 
 chartaceo-membranaceous, ovate-lanceolate, often acuminate, unequal-sided, crenate-serru- 
 late, mostly with conspicuous gland-dots at the notches : flowers in an ample compound 
 cyme : carpels mostly 3 or 2 or in fruit solitary, obscurely or not at all stiiiitate. — Spec, 
 i. 270 (Catesb. Car. i. 26, t. 26, bad, the fruit borne on a branch with sterile flowers!); 
 Triana &, Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 5, xiv. 317 ; Wats. Bibl. Index, 155;^ not Lam., nor 
 DC, nor Griseb. X. fraxinifulium, Walt. Car. 243. X. Carol inianum, Lam. Diet. ii. 39, & 
 111. t. 811, f. 1 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 214; Nutt. Sylv. iii. 8, t. 83. X. aromatlrum, Willd. 
 Spec. iv. 755 (excl. syn.) ; Jacq. f. Eclog. i. 103, t. 70. X. Irifarpum, Michx. Fl. ii. 235 ; 
 DC. Prodr. i. 726. X. Cateshianum, Kaf. Med. Fl. ii. 114. Fagara fraxini/hlia, Ijum. 111. i. 
 334.^ Kampmania fraxinifoUa, Raf. Med. Rep. hex. 2, v. 352. — Near the coast, S. Vir- 
 ginia to Florida and Texas, also S. Arkansas. Passes into 
 
 Var. fruticosum, Gray. Commonly a mere slirub, sometimes a tree, young branch- 
 lets and stalks usually pubescent: leaflets 5 to 11 (according to Nuttall even 17), ovate or 
 oval, less unequal-sided, some obtuse, becoming thin-coriaceous : carpels 2, sometimes 3. — 
 Proc. Am. Acad, xxiii. 225. X. macrophi/llum, Nutt. Sylv. iii. 10, but leaves usually small. 
 X. alveolatum, Shuttl. in distr. pi. Rugel, no. 71. A'. Inrsntum, Buckl. Proc. Acad. Philad. 
 1861, 450, & 1870, 136, the pubescence when present minute.'^ — Arkansas (where the other 
 form also grows) to Texas; a similar form on Atlantic Coast. 
 X.* Texanum, Buckley.^ Shrub, somewhat aromatic, wholly unarmed : branches with 
 ruughish cortex and prominent lenticels : leaves 3-foliolate ; leaflets rather small, ovate- 
 
 1 Add Engler in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. 4, 115. 
 
 2 And Indian Territorv, Carhton, ace. to Holzinger, Contrib. U. S. Nnt. Herb. i. 204. 
 
 3 Add Engler in Engl. & Prantl. Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. 4, 117, and syn. X. Fagara, Sargent, 
 Gard. & For. iii. 186, & Silv. i. 73, t. 32. 
 
 * Tiie name Hercules Chib in the S. States is commonly given to the stems of Aralia spinosa. 
 
 5 Add Sargent, Silv. i. 67, t. 29. 
 
 6 Add syn. F. Carolininna, Engler, 1. c. 117. 
 
 7 Add syn. X. Tweedii, Engler, 1. c. 115. 
 
 8 This species was not mentioned in Dr. Gray's manuscript, although Dr. Palmer's plant evidently 
 belonging to it was referred to X. Clava-IIerculis, var. fruticosum. 
 
Ami/ris. KUTACK.E. 375 
 
 oblong, rounded or very obtuse at each end, glal)r<)us : flowers in small terminal corymbose 
 panicles. — Bull. Torr. Club, x. 90. A'. Clavn-llni:ulis, var., Wats. I'roc. An). Aca<l. .wii. 
 335. — S. W. 'I'exas, near Corpus Cliristi, Uucklei/ ; also at Lamar, Aransiis Co., on Copano 
 Bay, Puhiier, no. 2125. I'erliaps only an extreme form of the preceding variety, whicli 
 aj)proaches it through a host of intermediates. 
 X.* flavum, Vaiil.' (Satin-wood.) 'I'ree unarmed, young shoots and foliage minutely 
 stellular-pubescent and cauesceut, early glabrate : leaflets oblong-ovate or oblong, distinctly 
 petiolulate, irregularly and sometimes ob.Mcurely creuulate and with numerous small glands 
 along the margins, in age subcoriaceous and shining, minutely reticulated ; those of sterile 
 branches 7 to 11 and mostly acute or acuminate, 2 or 3 inches long; those near the fertile 
 paniculate cymes 5 to 7 (rarely reduced even to one) obtuse or barely acute : flowers some- 
 times 4-merou8, white or yellowish : carpels 2 to 4 w ith very short and cohering styles, in 
 fruit rather short-stipitate. — Edog. Am. iii. 48. A', crihrosum, S])reng. Syst. i. 946. 
 ? A'. Elephantiasis, Macf. Fl. Jam. 193. A'. Floridanum, Nutt. Sylv. iii. 14, t. 85 ; Chapm. 
 Fl. 66. X. Caribaum, Watg. Bibl. Index, 155, not Lam. A'. CarilHVum, var. Ftoriddnum, 
 Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, xxiii. 225. Fagara Jlava, Krug & Urban in Engl. Jahrb. xxi. 571. 
 
 — Keys of S. Florida, Blodijctt, Curtiss, Sargent. (W. Ind.) The si)ecimens lack the angu- 
 larity and thickening or wartiness of jjedundes and their divisions of the W. Indian A'. Cari- 
 biitim and of A'. Eleji/tantiusis, Macf. (which is like ours unarmed), nor are these glabrous. 
 
 § 4. Perianth complete : flowers 3-merous, in terminal cymes : leaves coria- 
 ceous, mostly dotted only along the margins, and there sometimes obsoletely or 
 obscurely. — Tobiytia, Desv. in Hamilton, Prodr. Fl. Ind. Occ. 56 ; Griseb. Abh. 
 Gott. Ges. vii. 189. 
 
 X.* COriaceum, A. Eich.^ Shrub, unarmed or with some small and sparse acicular 
 prickk's, very glabrous : leaflets 4 to 8, more or less obovate (1 to 3 inches long) obtu.>^e or 
 retuse or sometimes more notched, shining especially above, transversely veiny and reticu- 
 lated: flowers in dense cymes: carpels 2 or 3, not stipitate. — Fl. Cub. 326, t. 34 ; Walp. 
 Kep. ii. 825, not i. 521. X. emarginatuvi, Wright. & Sauv. FL Cub. 19; Sargent, Silv. i. 
 65, note ; not 8w. ace. to Urban. Fagara coriacea, Krug & Urban in Engl. Jahrb. xxi. 591. 
 
 — Miami, S. Florida, Garber. 
 
 6. CNEORlDIUM, Hook. f. (Like Cneorum, a S. European and N. 
 African genus.) — Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 312; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 
 97 ; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, xxiii. 223. Pitavia § Gastrostyla, Torr. Bot. Mex. 
 Bound. 43. — Single species. 
 
 C. dumosum, Hook. f. 1. c. Low shrub, much branched, Rue-scented and somewhat 
 balsamic, glabrous : leaves opposite, crowded, spatulate-linear, sessile, obtuse, about inch 
 long, entire, nearly veinless (except midrib), opacjue and subcori.iceous (pungent in taste), 
 evidently glandular-dotted especially the lower surface and margins : peduncles axillary and 
 terminal, short, 1-3-flowered : petals white, 2 lines long, widely spreading, often sparingly 
 glandular-punctate : fruit 2 or 3 lines in diameter, obscurely stipitate or ses.sile ; the epicarp 
 sparsely glandular-punctate. — Pitavia r/H/nosa, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 215. — Coast 
 of S. California, at and near San Diego ; fl. spring; first coll. by Nuttall. (Lower Calif., 
 Primjie.) 
 
 7. AM"^RIS, p. Browne. ToRcn-wooD, Rose-wood. ('A intensive and 
 fivpov, balsamic juice, which the trees yield.) — Small trees or shrubs (Tropical 
 American), with translucent-dotted 1-5-foliolate leaves, heavy and very resinous 
 
 1 The name and synonymy of this species have been altered in the lijrht of Professor Urban's 
 recent critical work upon the group (.see Enf;l. Jahrb. xxi. 571). It seems best, however, to retain tlie 
 genus XnnthoTi/liim in its conn)ri'lipnsive sense, as interpreted i>y Dr. Gray. 
 
 2 The nearly related A', vmnryinalum, Sw., of Jamaica, to which Dr. Gray referred this plant, 
 appears to be distinct, as pointed out by Urban, 1. c. 590-592, since it has ovate rather than obovate 
 leaves and (ace. to Urban) smoother fruit. 
 
376 RUTACE^. Amyris. 
 
 fratrrant wood, small and white paniculate-cymose flowers, and small oily- 
 aromatic drupes. — Jam. 208; Jacq. Stirp. Am. 107; L. Gen. ed. 6, no. 473; 
 Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 327; Triana & Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 5, xiv. 321 ; 
 Urban, in Engl. Jahrb. xxi. 595 et seq. [Revised by B. L. Robinson.] 
 A.* elemifera, L. Shrub or small tree, quite glabrous or with luiuute pulverulent pubes- 
 cence upon the'branchlets and inflorescence : foliage Kue-sceuted ; leaflets 3 (rarely reduced 
 to 1), ovate, obtuse or acute or acuminate (one or two inches long), shining, prominently 
 many-veined and reticulated, all petiolulate : disk present or rudimentary or obsolete : fruit 
 truly globose. — Svst. Nat. ed. 10, 1000, & Spec. ed. 2, i. 495 (exd. syn. Plum, and hab. 
 Carolina) ; Triana"& Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 5, xiv. 324 ; Urban, 1. c. 601. .1. maritima, 
 Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 19 (1760) & Stirp. Am. 107 ; L. Spec. ed. 2, i. 496; Gray, Proc. Am. 
 Acad, xxiii. 226. Sargent, Silv. i. 85, t. 36 ; Urban, 1. c. 603. A. siflvatka, DC. Prodr. ii. 
 81 ; Sargent, U. S. lOth Census, ix. 33; not Jacq. .1. Floridana, Nutt. Am. Jour. Sci. v. 
 294 ; not (?) Sylv. il. t. 78, which as to oval fruit is rather of the following species. ^1. man- 
 t{ma,\&i:.angusU folia. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, xxiii. 226, form only.— Coast and keys of 
 S. Florida. (W". Ind.) Prof. Urban separates ^1. maritima on the presence of a disk and 
 the total absence of minute and variable pubescence, — differences which in this group 
 appear to have little weight and to lead to artificial distinctions. 
 A.* balsamifera, L. Shrub or small tree with habit of the last, ])Ut leaflets 3 to 5, larger, 
 ovate-liuueolate, more attenuate-acuminate, 2 to 3^ inches long : fruit decidedly elongated, 
 oval or obovate in outline, somewhat stiped at the base. — Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 1000, & Spec, 
 ed. 2, i. 496 (exd. .syn. Sloane) ; Urban, 1. c. 604. 1 A. Floridana, Nutt. Sylv. ii. t. 78 (as 
 to form of fruit but "scarcely as to leaves). A. maritima, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, xxiii. 226, 
 in small part. — Miami, S. Florida, Garber, in fl. May, and fr. June, 1877. (W. Ind., 
 S. Am.) 
 A. parvif olia, Gray. Low shrub, glabrous : leaflets rhombic-ovate or narrower, obtuse, 
 dull, inconspicuously reticulated, irregularly crenate or crenulate, half inch to inch long, 
 lateral ones (and sometimes the terminal) short-petiolulate or subsessile : flowers small. 
 — Proc Am. Acad, xxiii. 226. — S. Texas, banks of Rio Grande near its mouth, Sarffent. 
 (North Mex., Eaton & Edwards, Pringle.) 
 
 8. CiTRUS, L. Orange, &c. (Ancient name of Citron-tree.) — Tropi- 
 cal-Asian spinescent trees or shrubs, with bright green and somewhat coriaceous 
 unifoliolate leaves, commonly winged petiole, and mostly wdiite (or outside pur- 
 plish) sweet-scented axillary flowers. —Syst. Nat. ed. I, & Gen. no. 605. — The 
 Lemon, Lime, Citron, and various kinds of Orange familiar in cultivation; 
 one variety of the last completely naturalized in Florida. [Revised by L. H. 
 Bailey.] 
 
 C.* AurAnticm, L., var. vclgAris, Wight. & Am. (Sour and Bitter Oranges.) Glabrous : 
 petiole distinctly winged : fruit small, orange-colored, oblate, with rugose and very aromatic 
 rind, the pulp bitter-sweet or bitter and sour.— Prodr. Fl. Ind. i. 97. Var. Bigaradia, 
 Brandis, For. Fl. 53. C. vulgaris, Risso, Ann. Mus. Paris, xx. 190; DC. Prodr. i. ,539; 
 Nutt. Sylv. ii. 106, t. 76. C. Bigarradia, Loisel. in Nonv. Duham. vii. 99.— A spontaneous 
 form of the orange, likely a reversion from cultivated varieties and thoroughly naturalized 
 in Florida from an unknown period. (Similar run-wild forms in many parts of the world.) 
 
 Order XXXIV. SIMARUBACE^. 
 
 By A. Gray. 
 
 Trees and shrubs, with the general characters of Btitaceee Xn7ifhnxi/Ie/e, except 
 that the leaves are dotless and the pervading principle pure bitterness without 
 
SIMARUBACE.E. 377 
 
 aroma, balsam, or resin, and the fruit ulwuya indehiscent. Two anomalous 
 
 Arizono-Mexican genera are appended. 
 
 Tkihk r. SUKIANE.E. Cari^els entirely distinct, neither ovaries nor styles united. 
 
 Flowers perfect. (Cneoridium would belong here except for the glandular-punctate 
 
 foliage and rutaceous odor.) 
 
 1. SURIANA. Calyx G-parted, persisteut. Petals 5, imbricated in the luid, unguitulate. 
 Stamens 10, with slender filaments, tliose opposite the petals shorter or sometimes wanting. 
 Disk ohscure or adnato to base of calyx. Carpels 5, opposite the petals ; ovaries ^lolmlar, 
 hairy, with 2 collateral ascending cam|)ylotropous ovules ; styles filiform ; stigma capitellate. 
 Fruit akeuiform ; embryo horseshoe-shaped ; cotyledons thick, oblong, incumbent. 
 
 Tribe II. SIMAKUBE.E. Carpels (1-ovuled) united only at base or by their 
 styles, in fruit becoming distinct and forming 
 
 * Samaras : exotic. 
 
 2. AILANTHUS. Flowers polygamo-dittcious ; the ? with smaller mostly sterile st* 
 mens ; cf with only a rudiment of pistil. Calyx small, 5 parted. Petals 5, oblong, valvate- 
 iuduplicate in bud, or the tips imbricated. Stamens borne on the ba.se of a 10-crenate disk, 
 in sterile flowers 10, with oval or oblong anthers, in fertile flowers sometimes fewer and 
 with small or abortive anthers. Carpels 2 to 5, distinct (but the medial styles connate ; the 
 thickened stigmas divergent), in fruit becoming liuear-oblong samaras bearing the rounded 
 seed at the middle of the thin and veiny veutrally emarginate wing ; albumen little ; cotyle- 
 dons orbicular. 
 
 * * Drupes. 
 
 3. SIMARUBA. Flowers dioecious. Calyx short, 5-toothed. Petals 5, imbricated in the 
 bud, connivent below, widely spreading above. Stamens 10, borne on a hemispherical disk 
 or turns (in fertile plant only rudimentary) ; filaments with scale-like appendage at base 
 inside. Carpels 5, slightly cohering, witli styles united into one and a 5-lobed stigma. 
 Drupes 1 too, not stipitate; embryo with thick and flesliy cotyledons and retracted radicle. 
 Leaves pinnate. 
 
 4. CASTELA. Flowers polygamo-dioecious, 4-merous. Calyx 4-parted, small. Petals 4, 
 oblong, imbricated in the bud. Stamens 8, inserted under an 8-crenate disk ; those of fertile 
 flowers smaller and commonly imperfect ; filaments short, not a]>pendiculate. Carpels of fer- 
 tile flowers 4 , styles short, united below, revolute and introrsely stigmatosc above. Drupes 
 small, subsessile, with thin flesh and crustaceous eudocarp ; seed globose-ovate, with little al- 
 bumen ; cotyledons orbicular, plano-convex, not enclosing the short radicle. Leaves simple. 
 
 5. HOLACANTHA. Flowers dioecious. Calyx 5-8-parted. Petals 7 or 8, obovate-spatu- 
 latf, imbricated in the bud. Stamens 12 to 16 in sterile flowers, their subulate filaments 
 hairy-tufted at base, 6 to 8, and with small imperfect anthers in the fertile. Disk annular, 
 crenulate. Carpels 6 to 10, lightly cohering around a low conical axis; styles divergent, 
 terminal, subulate, above introrsely stigmatose. Dru])es small and dry, stcllately divergent, 
 sessile, ovoid, tardily separating from the conical fissile axis ; embryo amygdaloid, in thiu 
 albumen ; radicle nearly retracted within the base of the obovate flat cotyledons. Leaves 
 reduced to mere scales on grown plants. 
 
 Tribe III. PICRAMXIE.E. Carpels consolidated into a 2-5-celled ovary; their 
 styles more or less united, 
 
 * Genuine. 
 
 6. PICRAMNIA. Flowers dia-cious. Calyx 3-5-cleft. Petals 3 to 5, narrow. Stamens 
 as many as petals and opposite them ; filaments slender, naked ; in fertile flowers reduced 
 to vestiges. Ovary 2-3-celled, with a pair of ovules in each cell. Fruit an olive-shaped 1- 
 seeded berry; no albumen ; embryo nearly entire. Leaves imparipinnate. 
 
 * * Anomalous, of uncertain affinity, green-thorny shrubs with liabit of Ilnlnrantha : 
 flowers hermaphrodite: no obvious hypugynous disk : anthers ovate. 
 
 7. KCEBERLINIA. Sepals 4, small, deciihnms. Petals 4, convolute-imbricate in the buil, 
 deciduous. Stamens 8 ; filameuts thickened in the middle, subulate-attenuate. Ovary ovoid. 
 
378 SIMARUBACE.E. Suriana. 
 
 short-stipitate, 2-celled, tapering into the subulate style ; stigma terminal, obtuse ; ovules 
 numerous iu each cell, on central ])laceuta, horizontal or descending, anatropous. Fruit a 
 globular small berry, becoming dry, 2-celled; cells by abortion 1-2-seeded; seed circinate- 
 cochlcate, with crustaceous testa; embryo annular, in a very thin stratum of albumen; 
 cotyledons semiterete ; radicle ascending. 
 8. CANOTIA. Calyx small, 5-lobed, imbricated in the bud, persistent. Petals 5, imbricated 
 in the bud. oblong, enlarging in anthesis, deciduous. Stamens 5, alternate with the petals ; 
 filaments filiform, naked, persistent ; anthers apiculate. Ovary ovoid, with a solid base or 
 gynohase, above with 5 small cells (o])posite the petals) and about 6 ampiiitropous ovules 
 in each cell ; style persistent, elongating ; stigma truncate, 5-crenate. Fruit drupaceous- 
 capsular, oblong-ovoid, pointed with the subulate indurated style ; thin fleshy epicarp at 
 length dry, persistent on tiie woody and thicker endocarp, in age dehiscent above through 
 the persistent style into 10 short and slender-tipped valves; no columella; seeds solitary or 
 a j)air in each cell ; nucleus oval or oblong with a close subcoriaceous coat, below the insertion 
 produced into a membranaceous wing ; embryo straight iu a thin stratum of fleshy albumen ; 
 cotyledons oblong, flat ; radicle short, inferior. 
 
 1. sum Ana, Plum. (Z>. Sunan, a French physician.) — Nov. Gen. 
 37, t. 40 ; L. Gen. no. 852 ; Lam. 111. t. 389 ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 313 ; 
 Baill. Hist. PI. iv. 427, 511, f. 526-529. — Single species. 
 
 S. maritima, L. Shrub a yard or two high, soft-pubescent, thickly branched : leaves 
 linear s])atulate, alternate, entire, tliickish and veinless, much crowded on the branches: 
 flowers solitary or few and short-ped uncled in terminal clusters : sepals ovate, acuminate, 
 equalling the yellow petals, 3 lines long. — Spec. i. 284 (Sloaue, Jam. ii. 29, t. 162, f. 4; 
 riuk. Aim. t. 241, f. 5) ; DC. Trodr. ii. 91. — Sea-shore, Florida. (Most tropical coasts.) 
 
 2. AILANTHUS, Desf. Ailantus-tree, Chinese Sumach, &c. 
 {Ailanto, said to be native name of Chinese species, and to mean Tree of Hempen. 
 Name often corrected to Ailantus, but it was published in the other form.) — 
 Mem. Acad. Sci. Par. 1786, 265, t. 8. 
 
 A. glandul6sus, Desf. 1. c. Tall tree, of rapid growth, bitter bark, and somewhat ill-scented 
 foliage, not glandular : leaves very large, pinnately 13-27-foliolate ; leaflets oblong-ovate, 
 acuminate, entire or with a few irregular coarse teeth : flowers in panicles, in early summer, 
 yellowish white, very ill-scented, especially the sterile: keys 2 inches long. — L'Hor. Stirp. 
 Am. t. 84. — Much planted as a shade tree, and often self-sown, especially iu or near eastern 
 towns, becoming naturalized southward. (Nat. from China.) 
 
 3. SIMAH'CTBA, Aubl. Bitter-wood. (Supposed native name.) — Trop- 
 ical American trees, with very bitter bark, alternate abruptly pinnate leaves on 
 naked petioles, and rather small white flowers in terminal and axillary compound 
 panicles. — PI. Guian. ii. 859, t. 331, 332 (Stmarouba) ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. 
 i. 309 ; Eugler in Mart. Fl. Bras. xii. pt. 2, 222, t. 45. 
 
 S. glauca, DC. (Paradise-tree.) Tree 30 to 50 feet high, glabrous: leaflets 7 to 12, 
 ciiriareous, shining above, pale and glauceseent beneath, obovate-oblong, commonly retuse, 
 beneath transversely veined from a jjrominent midrib: anthers linear-oblong; short appen- 
 dage to the filament densely villous: drupes olive-shaped, almost inch long, scarlet. — Ann. 
 Mus. Par. xvii. 323, & Prodr. i. 733; Chapm. Fl. 67; Nutt. Sylv. iii. 20, t. 87 (poor); 
 Engler, 1. c. 224.1 g_ medicinalis, Endl. Mediz. 528, &c. Quassia Siinaruha, Wright, Trans. 
 Edinb. Roy. Soc. ii. 73, t. 1, 2. — Keys of S. Florida. (W. Ind. to Brazil.) 
 
 4. C ASTEL A, Turpin. (Eene Castel, wrote a poem upon plants.) — Spinose 
 shrubs (of subtropical American coasts), with small and entire alternate leaves of 
 coriaceous texture, and small flowers solitary or fascicled in their axils. Wood 
 
 1 Add Sargent, Silv. i. 91, t. 38, 39, 
 
Canotia. SI.MAKI HACK.K. 379 
 
 and bark very Itittcr. — Ami. ISIus. Par. \ii. 7S, t. . j ; Plaiicli. Li.ml. ,f(jur. JJot. 
 V. 0(;7; (Jray, (uii. 111. ii. l.').'.. t. l."»8. 
 
 C. Nicholsoni, II<><>k. a rij,nil ami very siniiy low slinili, tninciitiiliiso-caiiesccnt, cxrfjit 
 the iippiT fate of the leaves: tliese hiiue-linear to <il)li»ii;,'-s|iatu]:ite. from retuse to iniKro- 
 nate or apiculate, very coriaceous, veinless al»ove, oljscurely transversely veined beneath, 
 quarter to half inch long, with mostly revolute margins: flowers saffron colored, very short- 
 pedicelled: drupes red, a quarter or third iuch long. — Bot. Misc. i. 271, t. 55 ; jorr. & 
 Gray, Fl. i. 680 ; I'lanch. 1. e. 566 ; Gray, 1. c. C. erecta, Grisel). Fl. W. Ind. 140, in part, not 
 Tnrp., wliicli is i,^rc(ii and glaltrous. — Coast of Te.xas.' (Antigua, Me.x., &c.) 
 
 5. HOLACANTHA, (iniy. ("OAo?, complete, aKavBa, thorn, tlie naked 
 branehes all thorn-like.) — PI. Thurb. 310; Torr. Bot. Mex. Boninl. lo, t. « ; 
 Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 310. — Single species. 
 
 H. Emoryi, Gray, 1. c. Kigid shrub, 5 to 10 feet high, with bitter wood, the young parts 
 caiicstiiitly pubescent, nuuh branched, the terete long and naked l)ranchlets tapering into 
 spines: leaves in seedlings alternate, lanceolate or linear, half inch long, thickish, entire or 
 repand or with a pair of l)asal lobes (a small spine in most axils) ; in grown plants mostly 
 reduced to small ovate or subulate green scales, and these deciduous : flowers glomerate on 
 spinescent branchlets, suli.'^essik', canoscent outside, white within : drupes soon dry and nut- 
 like, quarter inch long. — Arid plains of S. Arizona; first coll. by Emory, and figured 
 without name by Engelmann (Emory, Hep. 158, no. 14). 
 
 6. PICRAMNIA, Swartz. (HiKpo's, bitter, eafxvo<;, .shrub.) — Tropiciil 
 American shrubs with bitter wood, alternate imparipinnate leaves, and small 
 greenish flowers more or less glomerate in long and slender pendulous spikes or 
 racemes. — Prodr. Veg. Ind. 27, & Fl. Ind. Occ. i. 217, t. 4; P>enth. & Hook. 
 Gen. i. 31o. 
 
 P. pentandra, S\v.\ktz. Leaflets 5 to 9, ovateo1)long, acuminate, glabrous, shining above: 
 jiftals ;incl stamens 5: .stigmas 2, sessile, diverging: berries rounded at both ends, reddish, 
 turning black.— Fl. Ind. Occ. i. 220, t. 4 ; A. Rich. Fl. Cub. M<i; Griseb. Fl. W. Ind. 140. 
 
 — Forests of S. Florida, Curhcr, Curtiss. 
 
 7. KCEBERLlNIA, Zucc. (C. L. Koeherlin, a German amateur bot:i- 
 nist.) — Zucc. Abh. Akad. Miinchen, i. 358, & Flora, 1832, pt. 2, Beibl. 74; 
 Gray, PI. Wright, i. 30. — Single species. 
 
 K. spinosa, Zucc. 11. cc. Leafless shrub or small tree : branches slender and green- 
 barked, rigid but rush-like, spine-tipped, either alternate or opposite, and subtended by 
 minute and subulate glal)rous scales : flowers small, in umbelliform lateral fascicles, \vhite or 
 whitish : berries red, not over three lines in diameter, soon dry. — Benth. I'l. llartw. 35 ; Torr. 
 liot. Mex. Bound. 42.2 — S. Texas, on and near the Rio Grande, to S. Arizona. (Mex.) 
 
 8. CANOTIA, Torr. (Native Mexican name.) — Pacif. R. Rep. iv. 68; 
 Gray, Bot. Ives Rep. 15, & Proc. Am. Acad. xii. 159; Brew. &, Wats. Bot. 
 Calif, i. 190; Rothrock in Wheeler, Rep, vi. 81, t. 1.* — Single species. 
 
 C. holacantha, Tork. 1. c. A glabrous and green-branched shrub or low tree (sometimes 
 20 to .•{() feet high with trunk at l)a.se a foot in diameter): l>ranches slender, rush-like, 
 mo.stly si)iny-tipped, not very rigid: wood and bark not bitter: leaves so far as known 
 reduced to minute alternate scales, and the.se deciduous: flowers in small fascicles or pani- 
 cles, globular in the bud : pet.^]s greenish white, 2 lines long: fruit an inch long. — I'lains, 
 hillsides, and canons of Arizona;* first coll. by A'wory, then in fruit by Bifjdi.w, in flower by 
 Palmer, Rothrock, and Pringle. 
 
 1 Ascending the Rio Grande as far as Eagle I'ass, ace. to Coulter, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Ilorb. ii. 55. 
 
 2 Aibl Sarf;ont, Sdv. i. 93, t. 40. 
 8 Aild Sarpont, 1. c. 87, t. .37. 
 
 * Also on the Providence Mts., S. E. California, Cooper, ace. to I^rtw. & Wats. Rot. Calif, i. 190. 
 
380 BURSERACE.E. Bursera. 
 
 Oeder XXXV. BURSERACE^. 
 
 By a. Gray. 
 
 Trees or shrubs (all tropical or subtropical), with alternate and pinnately com- 
 pound leaves, no stipules, and small regular flowers, like Rutace^ and Simaruha- 
 cecB except that the foliage is destitute of pellucid or glandular dots and there 
 is no particular bitterness, but the wood and bark are resiniferous (the juice 
 yielding myrrh, copal, and various balsams). Ovary 2-5-celled, with a pair of 
 collateral pendulous anatropous or amphitropous ovules in each cell (micropyle 
 superior) . Fruit drupaceous or the epicarp valvular-dehiscent ; seeds solitary, 
 without albumen ; embryo with thin contortuplicate cotyledons. Represented on 
 southern borders only by 
 
 1. BtTRSERA, Jacq. (J. Burser, a botanist of the IGth century.) — 
 Flowers polygamous, 3-o-merous. Calyx small. Petals ovate or oblong, in- 
 serted on the base of annular hypogynous disk, imbricate or induplicate in the 
 bud, above widely spreading. Stamens 6 to 10. Ovary ovoid, o-celled ; style 
 very short; stigma 3-lobed. Fruit globular or trigonous, by abortion mostly 
 1-celled and 1-seeded ; fleshy or coriaceous epicarp 2-3-valved and falling away 
 from the bony endocarp. — Jacq. ace. to L. Spec. ed. 2, i. 471, & Stirp. Am. 94, t. 
 65 (Burseria) ; L. Gen. ed. 6, no. 440 ; Engler in Mart. Fl. Bras. xii. pt. 2, 251, 
 & DC. Monogr. Phan. iv. 36. — American trees or shrubs, some of them copalifer- 
 ous, with pinnately compound leaves, small and white or yellowish mostly pani- 
 cled or fascicled flowers, and small drupes. 
 
 B. gummifera, L. (Gumbo Limbo, Mastic-tree.) Eesiniferous tree, with spongy wood 
 and reddish bark which exfoliates in thin layers (whence the name W. Ind. Birch-tree), 
 glabrous : leaflets 3 to 9, ovate or oblong, acuminate, thinnish, petiolulate (2 or 3 inches 
 long) ; common petiole slender : flowers in lateral panicles from the base of leafy shoots of 
 the season, commonly .5-merous : fruit only quarter inch long ; the brownish husk falling in 
 3 valves from the white and triangular persistent nut. — Spec. ed. 2, i. 471 (Sloane, Jam. 
 t. 199; Catesb. Car. i. t. 30) ; Lam. 111. t. 256; Nutt. Sylv. ii. 117, t. 79; Chapm. Fl. 08; 
 Engler in DC. Monogr. Than. iv. 39. Pistacia Simaruba, L. Spec. ii. 1026.1 — Coast and 
 keys of S. Florida.^ (W. Ind. to Venezuela.) 
 B. microph^Ua, GraT. Tortuous shrub or small tree, with trunk 4 to 6 inches in diam- 
 eter, densely branched, glabrous: leaves mostly crowded at summit of branchlets, 11-33- 
 fuliolate ; leaiiets Imear-oblong, obtuse, thickish, 2 or 3 lines long, sessile on the narrowly 
 margined rhachis : peduncles short, 2-4-flowered, terminating the branchlets : flowers 
 5-merous : petals more or less induplicate in the bud : drupes small, ovoid ; cotyledons very 
 contortuplicate, biternately di.s.sected into linear lobes. — Proc. Am. Acad. v. 155, & xvii. 
 230; Engler, 1. c. 47, 537. — Kocky hills near Maricopa, S. Arizona, Parry, Pringle. 
 (Lower Calif., Xantiis, Palmer ; Mex., Palmer.) 
 
 B. HindsiAna, Benth. & Hook. ace. to Wats. Bibl. Index, 157, & Engler, 1. c. 58 {Elnphnnm, 
 Benth. Bot. Sulph. 10), which is unifoliolate, and var. rhoif6lia, Engler, 1. c, which is trifolio- 
 late, are of Lower California. The latter form was collected by Prmjle in N. W. Sonora, near 
 the Gulf of California, and may probably occur in S. W. Arizona. 
 
 1 Add Rvn. B. Simaruhn, Sarp:ent, Card. & For. iii. 260, & Silv. i. 97, t. 41, 42. 
 
 2 On the eastern coast as far north as Csipe Canaveral, ace to Sargent, 1. c. 
 
Rhus. ANACAUDIACEiE. 381 
 
 Order XXXVI. ANACARDIACEiE. 
 
 By a. Ckay. 
 
 Shrubs or trees (of temperate and largely of tropical countries), with resinous 
 juice, alternate dotless leaves and no stipules. Flowers small and regular, 
 mostly 5-merous, symmetrical except as to number of carpels. Calyx and corolla 
 imbricated or valvate in the bud. Stamens as many as petals and alternate with 
 them, or sometimes twice as many, inserted with the petals outside of or on a 
 hypogynous or subperigyuous disk. Ovary mainly 1 -celled but with 2 or 3 styles 
 or stigmas (in the Mango sim})le, in the Hog Plums 3-5-celled), and a solitary 
 anatropous ovule. Fruit almost always drupaceous ; seed with large embryo 
 and little or no albumen ; the fiat or plano-convex cotyledons in ours accumbent 
 on the radicle. — Represented only by the polymorphous and wide-spread genus 
 Rhus, except as to the following. 
 
 PisxiciA MexkAna, HBK., beiug unknown as to flowers, is more probably a Rhus (aa 
 below placed) than a solitary American member of an Old World genus. 
 
 VeAtchia Cedrosensis, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xx. 290, of the islands off Lower Cali- 
 fornia {Rhus Veatchiana, Kellogg), is the type of a peculiar genus witii accrescent scarious j)etal8 
 and utricular fruit.i 
 
 Sciifxus MoLLE, L., the well-known Pepper-tree or Chili Pepper, native of Chili and 
 Peru, long ago widely distributed and extending to the U. S. borders, is much planted as an 
 ornamental tree in S. California. 
 
 Spoxdias lutea, L., the West Indian IIog Plum, may have effected a lodgment on the 
 Keys of Florida, as its nut-like 5-celled putamen is occasionally found on the beaches. 
 
 1. RHtJS, Tourn. Sumach, &c. (The ancient Greek and Latin name 
 of the S. European species.) — Flowers polygamous or dioecious, seldom truly 
 perfect, small, white, greenish, or rarely yellow rose-color. Calyx small, 5-parted. 
 Petals 0, imbricated in the bud. Stamens 5. Ovule on a funiculus which rises 
 from the base of the cell. Embryo with a short radicle accumbent. — Inst. 611, 
 t. 381 ; L. Gen. no. 241 ; DC. Prodr. ii. 66; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 157, t. 159, 160; 
 Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 418, excl. Lifhrcea. li/ius, Cotinus, & Toxicodendron, 
 Tourn. Inst. 610, 611 ; Engler in DC. Monogr. Phan. iv., also Metopiutn, P.Br. 
 Jam. 177. — Trees or shrubs of varied habit, all with resinous and often milky 
 juice, in some poisonous (even the effluvium) to the skin ; bark and foliage of the 
 true Sumachs abounding in tannin, and therefore valuable in leather-dressing. 
 
 § 1. Cotinus, DC. Dry and smooth drupe in its growth becoming very gib- 
 bous, the remains of the styles therefore deeply lateral : flowers in ample loose 
 panicles, polygamous ; pedicels elong.ating after flowering and becoming plu- 
 mose-villous : leaves simple and entire. — Prodr. ii. 67. (7o/ihm5, Tourn. Inst. 
 610; Engler, 1. c. 349, t. 12. 
 
 1 This species has subsequently been identified by Mr. T. S. Rrandepee, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 
 ser. 2, ii. 140, witli tlic problematic Schinusf discolor of Benth. Dot. Sulph. 11, t. 9, and redescribed 
 as Veatckin discolor. 
 
382 ANACARDIACE.E. Rhus. 
 
 R. cotinoides, Nitt. (American Smoke-tree, Chittam-wood.) Tree 25 to 40 feet 
 hi"-li with soft and light orauge-colored wood, glabrous or nearly so : leaves thin and mem- 
 branaceous, oval, witii mostly acute or narrowed base, 3 to 6 inches long: flowers (greenish 
 yellow) ami fruit as in A*. Culimis. — Xutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 217, as synonym ; Cliai.m. 
 Fl. 70; C. Mohr, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1881, 217 ; Sargent, U. S. 10th Census, ix. 52. R. Co- 
 </ni(s, Nutt. Trav. Arkansas, 177. It. Cotinus? Tott. & Gray, Fl. i. 216.1 Cotinus Ameri- 
 canus, Xutt. Sylv. iii. 1, t. 81.2 — Wooded calcareous banks, on Grand River, a tributary of 
 the Arkansas" (in the Indian Territory), Nutlall, also N. Alabama,'' in the mountains, 
 Buckley, Nevius, Mohr ; rare and local. 
 
 § 2. Metopium. Drupe symmetrical, glabrous and with thin chartaceous and 
 smooth putamen ; style very short and undivided; stigma 3-lobed : flowers in 
 ample loose panicles, perfect or barely polygamous: leaves pinnate. — Metopium, 
 P. Br. Jam. 177, t. 13, f. 3 ; Engler, 1. c. 367, t. 13, f. 32-38. 
 
 R. Metopium, T^. (Jamaica Sumach, Poison-wood, but hardly poisonous.) Low tree, 
 olalmms: leaves usually 5-foliolate ; leaflets long-petiolulate, ovate, with rounded or sub- 
 cordate base, from -obtuse or emarginate to abruptly acuminate, entire (or undulate-mar- 
 gined), shining above, 2 to 4 inches long: fruit obovoid or oblong, scarlet when ripe. — 
 Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 964, Amcen. Acad. v. 395, & Spec. ed. 2, i. 381 (P. Br. 1. c, Sloane, Jam. 
 lit. 199, f. 3) ; Descourt. Fl. Ant. ii. t. 79 ; Chapm. Fl. 69.* Metopium Linnoii, Engler, 1. c. 
 — S. Florida along the coast and on the keys. (W. Ind.) 
 
 § 3. Rhus proper. Drupe symmetrical or nearly so, with crustaceous or bony 
 putamen ; short styles and stigmas distinct or partly united : flowers mostly 
 polygamous, in some dioecious : leaves (turning red in autumn) and inflorescence 
 various. 
 
 * ToxicoDENDROX. Drupes dun-colored or whitish, the thin and almost always glabrous 
 epicarp at length falling away from the granular-waxy mesocarp, this traversed by copious 
 longitudinal or partly reticulating fibres in one or two series and more persisting around 
 the dull and somewhat rugose or undulate stone (putamen) : leaves deciduous, pinnately 
 3-several-foliolate : flowers in axillary open panicles : whole plants glabrous or glabrate, 
 occasionally pubescent, the juice and effluvium acrid-poisonous ; fl. summer. — Toriro- 
 dendion, Tourn. Inst. 610; Mill. Diet. ed. 8. Rhus § Toxicodendron, Gray, Man. eds. 2-5 ; 
 DC, and Engler, in part. (R. trichocarpa, Miq., is of this section, notwithstanding tlie 
 hirtillous drupe : a Japanese form of R. Toxicodendron has the same anomaly in a less 
 degree.) 
 -J- Leaves trifoliolate : panicles short : stems in same species sometimes erect but low, 
 sometimes climbing (even to the tops of trees) by multitudinous rootlets (never " volu- 
 ble "). — Poison Vines. 
 R. Toxicodendron, L. (Poison Ivy, Poison Oak.) Glabrous, or more commonly with 
 young foliage and often the adult more or less pubescent, or villous-bcarded on midrib and 
 veins beneath : leaflets variously ovate, all or some acuminate (2 to 5 inches long), entire or 
 angulate-dentate or sinuate or 3-5-lobed, lateral ones sliort-petiolulate : panicles almost 
 always shorter than the petioles: drupes 2 or 3 lines in diameter; waxy mesocarp multi- 
 costate when dry, the outer circle of fibres being much impressed. — Michx. Fl. i. 183; 
 Pursh, Fl. i. 205 ; Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1806 (" o, vuhjare ") ; Nouv. Duham. ii. t. 48 ; Torr. & 
 Gray, Fl. i. 218; Emerson, Trees & Shrubs Mass. ed. 2, ii. 577, with plate ; Engler, 1. c. 393, 
 excl. var. R. Toxicodendron, & R. radicans, L. Spec. i. 266, & ed. 2, i. 381 (Cornuti, Canad. 
 f. 97 ; Dill. Elth. t. 291), & various authors.^ In general the high climbing plants have the 
 
 1 Add syn. R. Americamts, Sudworth, Bull. Torr. Club, xix. 80. 
 
 2 Add Sargent, Silv. iii. 3, t. 98, 99. C. cotinmdes, Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, v. 21C. 
 
 3 Also mountains of E. Tennessee, and near Medina River, W.Texas, Keverchon, ace. to Sargent, 1. c. 
 
 4 Add Sargent. Silv. iii. 13, t. 100, 101. 
 
 6 A noteworthy form from the Keys of Florida (where coll. in fruit by Bhdgett) has been called 
 R. Blodgetdi by Kearney, Bull. Torr. Club, xxi. 486. It differs in its somewhat smaller drupes and 
 
Rhus. AXACAKDIACE.E. 383 
 
 more entire leaves and answer to A', radimns, L. R. verrucosa, Scheele, Linnaa, xxi. 592, 
 the Miesocarp described for tlie surface of tlie drupe. Toximdendron vu/yare, jiuhf.-icetis, criua- 
 titiii,^ volubilis, & sermtnm, Mill. Diet. ed. 8. (Varietie.s indiscrlMiiuate : a Japanese one, coll. 
 Maximowicz, has hisj)idulous fruit !) — Moist or shady ground ; Nova Scotia to Florida, west 
 to Brit. Columhia, Oregon, and Arizona. (Bermuda, Mex., Japan.) 
 R. diversiloba, Toitn. & (Jrav. (Poison Oak, Yk.vui).) Leaflets oldung or oval <.r 
 somewhat oliovate, with rounded or very ol)tusc apex, varying from entire to sul)|iinnatifid 
 (1 to 3 inches long); lateral ones sulisessile : panicles surpassing the petioles not rarelv 
 equalling the leaves : otherwise as tlie j)receiling. — V\. i. 218; Lindl. Bot. Heg. xxxi. t. "J 8; 
 Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 110. li. Inhnta, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 127, t. 46, not I'oir! 
 A'. Toxicodendrou, var. diversiloba, Engler, 1. c. 395. — Common throughout California, north 
 to the borders of Washington, where probal)ly it passes into the preceding. 
 -»— -t— Leaves pinnate: panicles slender: stems never rooting or climbing. — Vaiinisii 
 
 TREES. 
 
 R. venenata, DC. (Poison Dogwood, Poison Elder, Poison Si'mach.) Arborescent 
 shrul), glabrous, or almost so: leaves 7-13-foliolate, with reddish petiole; leaflets memlirana- 
 ceou.s oblong or oval, acuminate, entire, acute at base and .somewhat ])Ctiolulate, pale 
 beneath, 2 or 3 inches long : ])aniclcs narrow : drupes small, the stone broader than long, 
 obtusely sulcate longitudinally. — Prodr. ii. 68; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 126; Torr. & Grav, 
 n. i. 218, 681; Emerson, I.e., with plate; Engler, I.e. 397.- R. Vernix, L. Spec. i. 265,' 
 except as to syn. Kaempf., whence however the name (Dill. Elth. t. 292; Pink. Aim. t. 145, 
 f. 1 ) ; Marsh. Arb. 130 ; Lam. 111. t. 207, f. 2 ; Bigel. Med. Bot. i. 96, t. 10. — Wooded swamps. 
 Northern New England and Canada to Minnesota, south to Georgia^ and W. Louisiana. 
 
 * * Mal6sma, Nutt. Drupes whitish, very small, smooth ; the mesocarp a thin granular- 
 waxy layer without fibres; the ob.scurely didymons stone smooth and bonv : leaves simjde, 
 thin-coriaceous : flowers polygamous, very numerous in an ample terminal panicle : petals 
 slightly imbricated in the bud : plant apparently innocuous. 
 
 R. laurina, Nutt. Shrub, very leafy, evergreen, exhaling odor of l)ittcr almonds : leaves 
 oblong, verging to lanceolate, entire, acute or obtuse, mucronate, jiinnately veinv, 3 or 4 
 inches long, rounded at base, rather long-petioled : flowers very small, white : drupes a line 
 or hardly two lines in diameter. — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 219; Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 
 Ill; Engler, I.e. 393. Lithrfpa lanriua, Walp. Rep. i. 551; Torr. Pacif. H. Kep. iv. 7.3, 
 & Bot. Mex. Bound. 44, t. 7. — S. California in valleys near the coast, from Santa Barbara 
 to San Diego 5 and islands; first coll. by Nuttall. 
 
 * * * SiJmac. Drupes red, sour, and the epicarp clothed with acid secreting hairs; 
 the mesocarp thin fleshy and not ceriferous, its delicate fil)res coherent rather witii the 
 epicarj) and freely separating from tlie smooth and even stone : no poisonous qualities, 
 except possibly in A', pumila. — § Sumac in part, & Lobadium (Raf.), DC. Prodr. ii. 67, 72. 
 § Trichocarpre, Engler, 1. c. 376, excl. R. trirhocarpa. 
 
 •§— True Shmachs : leaves pinnately plurifoliolate, deciduous or iu one species subpersist- 
 ent, the leaflets se.ssile : polygamous (or dioecious) flowers and crimson fruit in a dense 
 and sessile terminal thyrsus or with smaller ones in axils of uppermost leaves ; bracts 
 minute, thin and deciduous: erect shrubs or small trees, with large leaves and stout 
 branches, orange or yellow wood, bark and especially foliage astringent (rich in tannin) 
 and used in tanning ; fl. summer. 
 
 ++ Rhachis between the leaflets naked. 
 
 its smaller thicker less pubescent leaflets, — distinctions of doubtful value in a plant .«o near the widely 
 distributed and polymorphous R. Toxicodendron. Similar specimens from W. Florida, Eugtl, and 
 Texas, Lindheimer, are in some regards transitions to the typical form. 
 
 1 T. crenntum. Mill. 1. c., probably was R. Canadensis, Marsh. 
 
 '•i Add Millspaugh, Med. Pi. i. .37, t. 37. 
 
 8 Add Sargent, 1. c. 2-3, t. 107, 108. 
 
 * Florida, Ruf/el. 
 
 6 Also extending far southward into I^wcr Calif., arc. to Rr.indegee. 
 
384 ANACARDIACE.E. Rhus. 
 
 R. glabra, L.i (Smooth Sumach.) Shrub 3 to 15 feet high, glabrous at least up to the 
 iiitluresffiKe : leartets mostly broadly lanceolate, acuminate, sliarply serrate (2 or 3 inches 
 Ions;), bright green above, glaucous-white beneath: fruit of the next or shorter-haired 
 (leaflets also sometimes laciniate.-) — Spec. i. 26.'3 (Dill. Kith, t 243) ; Lam. 111. t. 207, f. 1 ; 
 Marsh. Arb. 128 (but there are no varieties with "scarlet flowers"); Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 
 217 ; Gray, Geu. 111. ii. t. 159; Emerson, I. c. ii. 572, with ])late. li. Canadensis, Mill. Diet, 
 ed. 8. R. elegans, Ait. Kew. i. 366. — Open dry ground, Canada to W. Florida and Texas, 
 west to Brit. Columbia, E. Oregon, and mountains of Arizona. 
 
 R. typhina, L. (Common or Stag-horn Sumach.) Tall shrub or small tree with spread- 
 ing branches, these with petioles and inflorescence den.sely vclvety-villous : leaflets lanceo- 
 late, acuminate, sharply serrate (2 to 4 inches long), thin, pale or whitish beneath, more or 
 less pubescent : fruit in a large and very dense crimson thyrse ; the velvety-hispid drupes 
 sharplv acid. (Varies rarely with laciniate-dissected leaves or confluent leaflets, when it is 
 Datisca hirta, L. Spec. ii. 1037.)— Cent. PI. ii. 14, Anicen. Acad. iv. 311, & Spec. ed. 2, i. 
 380 ; Marsh. Arb. 129 ; Nouv. Duham. ii. t. 47 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. ; Emerson, 1. c. with plate.^ 
 R. hi/pselodendron, Moench, Meth. 73. R. viridiflora, Poir. Diet. vii. 504.* — Fertile dry 
 soil, New Brunswick ^ to Minnesota, and along the mountains southward to Georgia and 
 Mississippi. Apparently hybridizes with R. (jlabra. 
 
 R. pumila, Michx. Shrub one to three feet high, with procumbent base, soft-pubescent: 
 leaflets fewer, oval or oblong, commonly obtuse, strongly and unequally serrate, velvety 
 beneath (2 or 3 inches long): thyrse more open.^ — Fl. i. 182; Pursh, Fl. i. 204; Torr. & 
 Grav, Fl. i. 217; Curtis, Cat. N. Car. 93; not Meerb.'' — Pine woods and barrens, middle 
 upper country, N. Carolina to Georgia ; first coll. by Michaux. 
 
 ++ ++ Rhachis margined or winged between the firmer and coriaceous leaflets: copious 
 copalline juice from the stems : drupes with very short and fine pubescence. 
 
 R. COpallina, L. (Dwarf Sumach.) Low shrub with running subterranean shoots, or 
 southward arborescent and 10 to 30 feet high, soft-pubescent or puberulent when young: 
 leaflets 9 to 23, oblong-ovate or oblong or oblong-lanceolate, from obtuse to acuminate, 
 entire or coarsely few-toothed, more or less inequilateral, the upper face at length shining ; 
 the purple rhachis below narrowly and between upper pairs of leaflets more broadly wing- 
 margined : thyrse comparatively open : flowers yellowish-tinged. — Spec. i. 266 ; Marsh. 
 Arb. 128 ; Lam. 111. t. 207, f. 3 ; Jacq. Ilort. Schcenb. iii. 50, t. 341 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 217 ; 
 Engler, 1. c. 383, with vars. — Sterile and dry ground, but also in sandy bottom lands. New 
 England and adjacent Canada® to Minnesota, south to Florida, and Texas. 
 
 Var. leucantha, DC. Leaflets lanceolate, not rarely falcate, mostly quite entire: 
 flowers white. — Prodr. ii. 68; Gray, PI. Lindh. pt. 2, 158. R. leucantha, Jacq. 1. c. t. 342. 
 R. copallina, var. lanceolata, Gray, PI. Lindh. pt. 2, 158.^ — Dry sandy soil and limestone 
 bluffs, Texas to Florida. (Cuba.) 
 
 •i— -h- LobAdium. Leaves pinnate or palmate or simple : flowers sessile or nearly so and 
 subtended by squamaceous chartaceous or coriaceous concave bracts within wliich is a 
 
 1 A species very closely allied to (if not merely a low and greener form of) R. i/Iahrn is R. Cako- 
 LiNi.vNA, W. \V. Ashe, Bot. Gaz. xx. 548, t. 37, "growing in old fields and low woods " of Central 
 N. Carolina. The species appears to be unrepresented in the largor American herbaria, and an appli- 
 cation to its author lias thus far secured neither the gift nor loan of authentic specimens. 
 
 2 Var. LACiNiATA, Carricre, Rev. Hort. 1863, 7. 
 
 3 Add Sargent, 1. c. 15, t. 102, 103. 
 
 * Add syn. R. hirta, Sudworth, Bull. Torr. Club, xix. 81, not Ilarv. 
 
 6 Nova Scotia, ace. to Macoun. 
 
 6 There has long been a doubt concerning the poisonous qualities of this species, and recent evi- 
 dence is also very conflicting. While Sargent, Gard. & For. viii. 404, asserts its extreme virulence, 
 Ashe, Bot. Gaz. xx. 549, states that the berries are innocuous, being greedily eaten by negro children 
 without ill effects. 
 
 " Add syn. R. Michauxii, Sargent. 1. c. viii. 404, f. 55. 
 
 8 Also at Lansdowne, Ont., Yonnt), ace. to J. M. Macoun. Species said to be very rare in Canada. 
 Add lit. Sargent, Silv. iii. 19, t. 104, 105. 
 
 9 Add Sargent, 1. c. 20, t. 106. 
 
Jihus. ANACARDIACE.E. 385 
 
 pair of transverse bractlets; inflorescenco of short and at first commonlv amc-iitif..rm 
 spikes, eitlier solitary or thyrsoid-glomerate, or more loosely |,aiiieulute : disk eommonlv 
 lobed: drupcs,viseid-jiul)esceut : erect slirulis. 
 
 ++ Evergreen, with rigid coriaceous pinnate leaves, wingless rhachis, rather open paniculate 
 inflorescence, and white or rose-colored harely polygamous flcnvers. 
 R. Virens, Lindh. Shruh. 4 to 1 2 feet high, glahrous or ni<.stly yuung parts soft-puherulent : 
 leaflets 3 to 9, ovate or olilong, inch or more long, entire, shining ahove, slightly petiuhilate : 
 panicles mostly shorter than the leaves: drupes 4 or 5 lines in diameter. — Li'ndh. in Gray, 
 J'l. I.imlh. i)t. 2, 159 (Jan. 1850); (Jray, pi. Wriglit. i. 31, ii. 27. A', sempfrrirpm, Scheelt'i 
 Liunaca. xxiii. 556 (1850?); Kngler, I.e. 390, e.xci. var. — \V. & S. Texas (first coll. by 
 Bcrlaiulier) to S. Arizona; fl. autumn, or also in summer. (Mex., first coll bv J'h 
 Coulter.) 
 
 ++ ++ Evergreen, with very rigid coriaceous and mostly simple leaves, more glomerate 
 and bracteato inflorescence, and rose-colored or wiiite jwlygamous flowers. — .sV^^jAwi/u, 
 Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 220. 
 
 R. integrifolia, Benth. & Hook. Shrub, 2 to 6 feet high, or southward a small tree, very 
 leafy . leaves oval, very obtuse at both ends or acutish at base, entire or variably spinulose- 
 (lenticulate, inch or two long, dark green and shining above, and with transverse veins in 
 dry state prominulous, short-petioled, occasionally a longer petiole bearing 3 similar leaflets, 
 the lateral ones sessile and smaller : inflorescence and young parts cinereous or canescentlv 
 puberulent: bracts and similar but thinner bractlets orbicular : sepals oval-orbicular, thin- 
 chartaceous, and somewhat scariou.s-margined, glabrous or glabrate, ciliolate : drupes half 
 inch in diameter, very viscid and acid. — Benth. & Hook. ace. to Wats. Cat. PI. Wheeler 
 Kep. 7, & I'roc. Am. Acad. xx. 358 (Brew. & Wats, Bot. Calif, i. 110, in pajrt) ; Engler, 1. c. 
 387, in part.i Sti//ilwnia integrifolia. & 5. serrata, Nutt. in Torr. & Grav, Fl. i. 220, & Svlv. 
 iii. 4, 6, t. 62. —Cliffs on the sea-shore, S. California and islands, I.os Angeles Co.2 to San 
 Diego, first coll. by Nuttall. Fruit or its excretion used for acidulous drinks. (Lower 
 Calif.) 
 
 R. ovata, Watson. Shruh, more glabrous : leaves larger and more lucid (2 or 3 inches 
 long and petiole half to three fourths inch long), ovate or snbcordate, mostlv entire and acu- 
 minate or acute: bracts and calyx as in preceding but more glabrate, the latter hardlv 
 at all ciliolate: drupes a third inch in diameter (the viscid a(^d secretion becoming a 
 sweet manna-like incrustation, Orcutt, W. Am. Scient. iii. 46). — Proc. Am. Acad. xx. 358 
 but flowers white and pink, not "pale yellow." R. integrifolia, Engler, 1. c., in part. Stif- 
 phonia serrntn, Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. vii. t. 2 (excl. a separate leaf), & Bot. Mex. Bound. 44, 
 mainly. — Mountains of S. Californa, from Santa Barbara^ to Sau Diego, and S. W. Ari- 
 zona, probably first coll. by T/i. Coulter. (Lower Calif.) 
 R. Lentii. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ii. 16, & plate in He.xperian (November, 1859, 
 
 ace. to Mrs. Curran), reprinted in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. i., is an allied species of Cedros Island, 
 
 •with very large frnit. Ii. Ilindxiana, Engler, 1. c. 388, can hardly be the same if it has ovate 
 
 acute bracts and leaves less obtuse at base. 
 
 ++++++ Deciduous-leaved shrubs: flowers ■polygamo-dioccious, in solitarv or small-clu.s- 
 tered spikes or heads which are formed in summer or autumn and develop in sj)ring 
 before the leaves. — § Lobadium, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 219. Lobadium, Raf. Am. Monthly 
 Mag. iv. 357. 
 
 R. Canadensis, Marsh. Shrub with spreading branches, 3 to 7 feet high, with bark and 
 foli.ige not unjdc.isantly scented: leaves membranaceous, .3-foliolate, soft-pubescent when 
 young, commonly glabrate at maturity ; leaflets rhombic-obovate or ovate, the ternnnal one 
 cuneate-attenuate at base but .«essile or nearly so, sometimes 3-cleft, all coar.«elv or sinuately 
 
 toothed or inci.-;ed, 1 to 3 inches long: flowers honey-yellow: drupes as large as peas. 
 
 Arb. 120 (1785, and adequately characterized). R. uromatica (the pubescent), & R. sua- 
 
 1 Add Sargent. Silv. iii. 27. t. 109. 
 
 2 Norlhwfstwanl to S.mta Barbara, Dr. Anlisell. 
 
 * Al.so (ace. to Brandegec) upon the Santa Barbara Islands, where inclining to be arboreous. 
 
386 AXACARDrACE.E. Rhus. 
 
 veolens (the more glabrous form), Ait. Kew. i. 367, 368. R. aromati'ca, Michx. Fl. i. 184 ; 
 Turp. Ann. Mus. Par. v. 445, t. 30; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. ; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 160, t. 100; 
 Engler, 1. c. 385, excl. var. y. Betula triphylla, Tliuub. Diss. Betul. L2, t. 1, f. 2, ace. to 
 Swartzi Aduot. 25.i Turpinia puhescins, & T. (jlahra, Raf. Med. Hep. hex. 2, v. 352, & 
 Desv. Jour. Bot. ii. 170 (1809). — Dry rocky banks, N. W. New England and adjacent 
 Canada to Minnesota and Saskatcliewan, south to Kentucky and Arkausas,^ past^ing into 
 the following forms. 
 
 Var. ni611is, Gu.w. Leaves and young shoots densely velvety-tomentose, but other- 
 wise as the following. — Gray in Patterson, Ciieck-list, 1892,' 21. R. trilohala, var. (molliter 
 tomcnlosa), (iray, PI. Wright', ii. 27. R. trilobata, var. pilosissima, Engler, 1. c. 386.— New 
 Mexico.-' &c., Ffiudler, Wri(/ht, &c. 
 
 Var. trilobata, Gray. Glabrous or early glabrate : leaves smaller ; leaflets usually 
 half inch to inch long, obovate-cuneate, crenately few-lobed or incised, mainly at summit.— 
 Gray in Coulter, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. ii. 68. R. aromatira, var. trilobata. Gray, Am. 
 Jour. Sci. ser. 2, xxxiii. 408 ; Wats. Bot. King Exp. 53 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 110. 
 R. trilobata, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 219 ; Gray, PL Lindh. pt. 2, 159, PI. Wright, i. 31, 
 ii. 27, &c. R. trilobata, var. glaberrima, Engelm. 1. c. - Rocky bluffs and poor soil, Dakota 
 to Texas,* and west to California and Oregon. 
 
 Var.* Simplicifolia, Gukkxe. I>ike tlie last, but leaves all or mainly simple, round- 
 cordate, crenatc-lobnlate or some deeply 3-cleft. — Bull. Torr. Club, xvii. 13.— Canons of 
 N. Arizona, (Jreene ; Cautilla.s Mountains, on the borders of Lower California, Orctttt. 
 
 Var.* quinata, Jkpson (under R. trilobata). Terminal leaHet deeply 3-fid, the seg- 
 ments a])proacliing in size the crenate or incised lateral leaflets, thus rendering the leaves 
 apparently 5-foliolate. — Erythea, i. 141. — Napa Co., Calif., Jepson. 
 R. microph^ila, Engelm. Tall shrub with verrucose branches, puberulent or glabrous : 
 leaves suV)Coriaceous, pinnately 7-9-foliolate ; leaflets a quarter to barely half inch long, ob- 
 long, entire, veinless, sometimes silky-pubescent beneath, not shining ; rhacliis winged be- 
 twe'en the pairs : flowers white, small, in heads or oblong spikes : fruit nearly of the preceding. 
 — Engelm. in Gray, PI. Wright, i. 31, & ii. 27; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 44 ; Engler, 1. c. 
 387. -^ Margin of thickets and rocky hills, S. & W. Texas to S. Arizona, Wright, Lindheimer, 
 Reverchon. (Mex., Schaffner, Palmer, Pringle, &c.) 
 
 * * * * PiSTACiofDES. Drupes glabrous and with smooth even stone ; aromatic pulp 
 neither acid nor ceifferous. 
 R. Mexicana, Gray. Shrub or small tree, glabrous (in age) : leaves crowded at summit 
 of slender branchlets, deciduous ; leaflets 9 to 1 7, subcoriaceous, oblong, obtuse, very unequal- 
 sided, mucronate, somewhat shining above, ol)Scurely veined (half inch or more long) : 
 rhachis narrowly margined : panicles axillary, much shorter than the leaves : flowers and 
 bracts unknown : drupes spicately sessile or subsessile on the few branches of the panicle, 
 naked (calvx and bracts deciduous), globular, with thin epicarp and rnesocarp (the latter 
 said to he "resinous), not fibrous, adherent to the lenticular thin-osseous stone. (Taste of 
 drupe rather of .Srhinus, but the .stone and insertion of seed as in Rhu.% and foliage, &c. not 
 unlike R. microphylla.) — Gray in Patterson, Check-li.st, 1892, 21. Pistacia ^fexicana, HBK. 
 Nov. Gen. & Spec. vii. 22, t. 6"o8 ; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 44. — S. W. Texas, on the Rio 
 Grande, Bigelow. (Mex. in northern parts, Gregg, Parry, and Palmer.) 
 
 1 Add pyn. LnhniVntm amentaceum, Raf. Am. Monthly Mag. iv. (1819), 358. 
 3 Florida, Chapman. 
 
 S Also in Arizona on the Gila River, Rushy, and at Ft. Verde, Meams. 
 
 * Nebraska, Clements, Rydberg ; Kansas, Shear, Dnrmnn ; Ft. Towson. Arkansas, Dr. Edwards; 
 Georgia, Small ; also northward into Brit. America, Assiniboia, Alberta, Macoun. 
 
Swietenia. MKLIACE.E. 387 
 
 Order XXXVII. MELIACE^. 
 
 By a. Gkay. 
 
 Mainly tropical trees or shrubs, with hard wood ; characterized in general by 
 dotless alternate and pinnate leaves, no stipules, paniculate inflorescence, and 
 perfect mostly 5-merous small and regular flowers. Sepals mostly imbricated and 
 petals imbricated or convolute in the bud. Stamens monadelphous, often to such 
 a degree that the anthers (^never more than double the petals) are enclosed within 
 the mouth of the tube ; anthers 2-celled, introrsely dehiscent. Ovary with mostly 
 as many cells as petals, its base surrounded by an annular or cup-shaped disk ; 
 styles and stigmas combined into one ; ovules anatropous, pendulous. Embryo 
 large. — Sparingly represented by one exotic and one barely indigenous tree. 
 
 1. MELIA. Petals 5 or 6, narrowly spatulate, spreading. Stamen-tul)e cvlindriral, with 10- 
 12-t(i(>tlicd orifice and as many iniliidfd sessile anthers. Ovary with a jtair of superjxtsed 
 ovules in each cell. Drupe 5-6-celle<l or by abortion 1 -celled, with thiu flesii and a single 
 seed in each cell of the bony putainen ; embryo in thiu flesliy albumen. 
 
 2. SWIETENIA. Petals 5, oval, spreading. Stamen-tube somewhat urn-shaped, 10-toothed ; 
 antliers as many, in the sinuses. Ovary .'j-celled, many-ovuled on axile placentae. Cai)sule 
 5-celled, septicidally 5-valved from the base upward; valves tliick, sometimes bilamellar ; 
 axis tliick, 5-angled ; seeds numerous, downwardly inil)ricated, above with broad wing much 
 longer than the body; embryo transverse, conferruminate with tiie flesliy albumen; radicle 
 very short. 
 
 1. M£!LIA, L. (Greek name for the Ash-tree, transferred to this genus by 
 Linnaeus.) — Gen. no. 357. — Asiatic trees, the following species now widely 
 dispersed, 
 
 M. AzEDARACH, L. (Pripe OF IxDiA, China-tree.) Tree 30 to 40 feet high, fast growing, 
 nearly glabrous : leaves twice pinnate ; leaflets ovate or oblong, acuminate, serrate : flowers 
 in loose panicles from uj)per axils, lilac, fragrant, produced in spring : drupes globose, half 
 inch in diameter, yellowish. — Spec. i. 384. — Planted as a shade tree and naturalized in 
 S. Atlantic States.^ (Persia to China, whence introd.) 
 
 2. SWIET^INIA, Jacq. Mahogany. {Dr. Gerard van Swieten of 
 Leyden. in the IHth century.) — Enum. PI. Carib. 4, & Stirp. Am. 127 ; L. Gen. 
 ed. n, 209. — The principal species is 
 
 S. Mahagoni, Jacq. (Mahogany-tree.) A noble tree, witli hard reddish brown wood, 
 very gl.alirous : leaves abruptly pinn.ate ; leaflets 6 to 12, petiolulate, oblong-ovate and un- 
 equal-sided, somewhat falcate, acuminate, entire, coriaceous: flowers greenish yellow, in 
 short axillary panicles : capsule oval, 3 inches long. — Enum. PI. Caril). 20. & Stirp. Am. 
 127 ; L. Spec. ed. 2, i. 548 (Catesb. Car. ii. t. 81) ; Cav. Di.ss. t. 209 ; Hook. Hot. Misc. i. 21, 
 t. 16, 17.2 5. Mahof]nm, Nutt. Sylv. ii. 99, t. 75; Chapm. El. 62. —Keys of S. Elorida. (W. 
 Ind., Mex., Centr. Am., &c.) 
 
 1 Also much planted and (ace. to Coulter) "extensively naturalized in Central and Southern 
 Texas." 
 
 2 Add lit. and syn. Sargent, Silv. i. 100, t. 43, 44. Cedrus Mnhogani, Mill. Diet. ed. 8, no. 2. 
 
388 AQUIFOLIACE.E. Ilex. 
 
 Oeder XXXVIII. AQUIFOLIACE^. 
 
 By W. Trelease. 
 
 Shrubs or small trees. Leaves alternate, simple, entire, crenuhite, or pungently 
 toothed, petioled, with minute often persistent stipules. Flowers solitary or few 
 in the axils, or in small axillary cymes, small, greenish, dioecious by abortion, 
 4-9-merous (in ours), without disk. Calyx minute, with triangular frequently 
 persistent imbricate segments. Petals sometimes connate at base, imbricate, not 
 hooded. Stamens as many as and alternate with the petals ; anthers short, 
 2-celled, introrse, innate on short filaments. Pistil compound; ovary 4-8-celled, 
 slightly lobed, superior ; ovules suspended, 1 in each cell ; style short or want- 
 ing ; stigmas nearly confluent. Fruit drupaceous, with as many indehiscent 
 stones as carpels ; seeds not arillate, with abundant fleshy albumen ; embryo 
 small, straight, with plane cotyledons. 
 
 1. ILEX. Flowers 4-9-iiierous. Calyx present and persistent in both fertile and sterile 
 flowers. Corolla .slightly gamopetalous, with oblong ol)tuse lobes. Stamens adnate to the 
 base of the c-orolla. 
 
 2. NEMOPANTHUS. Flowers 4-5-inerous. Calyx often obsolete, especially in the fertile 
 flowers. Petals distinct, linear, acute. Stamens free. 
 
 1. Ilex, L. Holly. (Classical name of the Holly Oak.) — Shrubs or 
 small trees with evident though small pointed stipules. — Gen. no. 91; Benth. 
 «fc Hook. Gen. i. 356 ; Maximowicz, Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. ser. 7, xxix. no. 3, 
 14; Baill. Hist. PI. xi. 211 ; Trelease, Trans. St. Louis Acad. v. 345; Sargent, 
 Silv. i. 103; Kronfeld in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. 5, 18G.— 
 Mainly of warmer regions, especially of the New World. 
 
 * Flowers 4-merous : drupe red or occasionally yellow ; nutlets prominently few-ribbed on 
 the sides and back : leaves coriaceous, evergreen. — § Aquifolium. 
 I. opaca, Ait. (American Holly.) Arborescent : young twigs sparingly velvety-pube.s- 
 cent : leaves elliptical to obovate, 2 to 4 inches long and about half as broad, pungently 
 acuminate, mostly spinosely dentate, at least above, and often crisped, dull, the petiole (3 lines 
 long) and upper surface of the midrib somewhat puberulent : sterile cymes 3-9-flowered, 
 half inch to an inch long; the fertile mostly 1-3-flowered and half as long; the puberulent 
 peduncle 2-bracted at or below the middle: calyx-segments acute, ciliate : drupe spheroidal 
 or ovoid, 4 or 5 lines long; stigma broad and sessile. — Kew. i. 1G9; Poir. Suppl. iii. G.*) ; 
 Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. ii. 191, t. 11 ; Raf. Med. Rot. ii. 7, t. 53 ; Emerson, Trees & Shrubs 
 Ma.ss. ed. 2, ii. 385, with plate ; Mellichamp, Rull. Torr. Club, viii. 112; Maximowicz. 1. c. 
 29 ; Trelease, 1. c. 345 ; Sargent, Silv. i. 107, t. 45. I. qiicrcifolia, Meerburgh, Afbecld. Zelds. 
 (iew. t. 5; Dippel, Handb. Laubholzkunde, ii. 504. Afjerin opnra, Raf. Sylv. Tellur. 47. — 
 Massachu.setts to Florida and Texas, chiefly near the coast, and up the Mississi])pi Valley to 
 S. E. Missouri and Kentucky. 
 I. Cassine, L. (Dahoox Holly.) Arborescent : young twigs and often the lower surface 
 of the leaves, at least along the midrib, puberulent : leaves elliptical to obovate-oblong, 
 mostly oblanceolate, 2 to 3 inches long, narrower, obtuse to mucronulate, entire or remotely 
 low-serrate above, cuneate into petioles 4 to 6 lines long, upper surface glossy : fertile cymes 
 mostly 3-flowered and 3-fruited: drupe subglobose, 2 to 3 linos in diameter. — Spec. i. 125, 
 in part; AVilhl. Hort. Rerol. i. t. 31 ; Kerner, Oekonom. Pflanzen. t. 65; Losener, Rot. 
 Centr.ilbl. xlvii. 163; Sargent, Silv. i. 109, t. 46; Dippel, 1. c. 506, f. 242. /. Dahoon, Walt. 
 Car. 241 ; Maximowicz, 1. c. 26 ; Trelease, 1. c. 345. /. Cassine, var. latifolia, Ait. Kew. i. 
 
Ilex. AQUirOLIACE.E. 389 
 
 170. /. casainoidts. Link, Emiiii. i. 148. /. laurijh/iu, Nutt. Am. Jniir. Sci. v. 289. Aytiia 
 palustris, Kaf. Svlv. Telliir. 47. .1. olxwaUi, lUi. 1. e. 48. .1. /„i, roj,/n/la, Kaf. 1. c. — 
 North Ciiroliiia, Curtis, to l-lori.la. (Me.\., \V. Iii.l.) Willi ohlameolate leave.s 1 to 3 
 inches long and scaively over lines wide, and sometimes 8 or 10 drupes on a naked shoot, 
 it is var. an<justik6lia, Willd. (Spec. i. 709 ; Sargeut, Silv. i. 1 10, t. 40, f . 8 ; /. ut„justifolia, 
 Willd. Euum. 172; I. lif/uslrimi, Ell. Sk. ii. 080 ; ? /. \y\ttso,iiuwi, Spaeli, Hist. Veg. ii. 
 429), of ali.mt the range, scarcely to be maintained, and merging into 
 
 Var. myrtifolia, Sakuknt. Leaves crowded, ver\ narrowly elliptical, revolute, lesa 
 tlian an iiiih long, mucrouate, mostly entire and glabrous: drupes mo.stly solitarv an<l shortr 
 stalked. —Gard. ik, For. ii. 610, & Silv. i. 110, t. 47. /. myrtifolia, Walt. Car. '241 ; Nouv. 
 Duham. i. 10, t. 4; Maximowicz, \. c. 20, 31. /. iJnhoon, var. in>/rli/olia, Chapm. Fl. 269; 
 'I'release, 1. c. 346. /. rusmurinijhlia, Lam. 111. i. 3.")C. /. li<juslri/olia, Don, .Svst. ii. 19. — 
 Suiitli Carolina to Florida aud Alabama. 
 I. VOmitoria, Ait. (Casskna, Yaupox.) Occa.sionally arborescent : twigs, petioles, and 
 occasionally pediceis puberulent: leaves elliptical, about an inch long, very obtuse or emar- 
 giuate, coarsely creuate-serrate with a deciduous gland at each sinus, rather glossy ; petioles 
 1 to 2 lines long: sterile cymes 3-9-flowere(l, with a short common peduncle (4 lines long); 
 the fertile sessile, 1-3 flowered : calyx-segments rounded, scarcely ciliate : drupe globose, 2 
 or 3 lines iu diameter, on pedicel of" ecjual length, contracted below the stigma.— Kcw. i. 
 170; Sargent, Silv. i. Ill, t. 48 ; Dippel, 1. c. 508. /. Cassiue, Walt. Car. 241 ; Maximowicz, 
 1. c. 22 ; Trelease, 1. c. 340 ; Hale, U. S. Uep. Agr. Bot. Div. Hull. 14. /. Ca.ssine, $, L. Spec, 
 i. 125. /. Cussena, Michx. Fl. ii. 229. /. liij tint r inn, Jacq. Collect, iv. 105, & Ic Kar. ii. 9, 
 t. 310. I. Floridana, Lam. 111. i. 350. /. relir/iosu, Bart. Fl. \'irg. 60. /. {KiiHtila) rainn- 
 losa, Kaf. Sylv. Tellur. 45. /. Caroliniana, Ltlsener, Bot. Ceutralbl. xlvii. 103. Cussiue 
 Ptniijua, L. Mant. ii. 220, iu part. C. Caroliniana, Lam. Diet. i. 652. C. ramuloaa, Kaf. Fl. 
 Lud. 110. Hierophyllus Cassine, Kaf. Med. Bot. ii. 8. Ai/eria Cussena, Kaf. Sylv. Tellur. 
 47. — North Carolina to Florida and Texas, northward to Arkansas. 
 
 * * Flowers 4-6-merous : drupe red or purple ; nutlets as in the last: leaves deciduous. — 
 § Prinoides. 
 
 -K- Cymes l-flowered, bractless : leaves fretiuently crowded on short spurs. 
 ++ Leaves oblanceolate. 
 I. decidua, Walt. Subarborescent : twigs glabrous, almost white in winter : leaves oblan- 
 ceolate or narrowly obovate, 2 or occasionally 3 inches long, acuminate to mostly obtuse or 
 emarginate, crenate-serrulate, cuneate into a short mostly j)ulierulent petiole, narrow Iv 
 grooved along the midrib al)ove and the other veins often somewhat impressed, pubescent 
 beneath, at least along the midrib: flowers appearing with the leaves: sterile peilicels 3 to 
 6 lines long: calyx-segments obtu.se to acute, not ciliate: drupe depressed-globose, about 
 3 lines in diameter, .scarcely exceeded by the pedicel ; style usually very short, occasionallv 
 half line long. — Car. 241 ; Maximowicz, 1. e. 30; Trelease, 1. c. 346; Sargent, Silv. i. 113, 
 t. 49; Dippel, 1. c. 510. /. prinoides, Ait. Kew. i. 109. /. aslivalis, Lam. Diet. iii. 147. 
 /. Prionites, Willd. Enum. Suppl. 8. Prinos deciduus, DC. Prodr. ii. 16. — North Carolina to 
 Kansas, southward to the Gulf. 
 
 ++ -H- Leaves lanceolate to ovate or ol)ovato. 
 = Fruiting pedicels 10 or 12 lines long. 
 I. longipes, Chapm. Large shrul): leaves thin, elliptical to broadly laiueolatc, about 3 
 inches long, emarginate or obtuse to blunt-pointed, low-serrate or crenate, especially above, 
 the ba.se mo.stly acute, sparingly ciliate with short thick hairs or slightly pubescent along the 
 impressed midrib on one or both surfaces, otherwise glabrous; jjetioles 3 or 4 lines long: 
 sterile pedicels to 8 lines long : drupe globose, about 4 lines in diameter, its filiform j)edicel 
 nearly an inch long: otherwise similar to the preceding. — Chapm. in Trclea.«e. 1. c. 346 ; 
 Trelea.se, Card. & For. iii. 344, 345, f. 46. — North Carolina. BiirUei/, to Tenne.«.see, Gat- 
 linger, south to Georgia, Chapman, Alabama, Bucl/ei/, and Louisiana, Ihummond. 
 
 = = Fruitinir pedicels le.ss than half inch long: three closely related species perhaps 
 scarcely se])arable. 
 
 I. ambigua, Chaim. Scarcely arboreous: twigs clierry-like. with largo lonticels. glabrous 
 or somewhat puberulous : leaves rather brt)adly lanceolate, elliptical, ovate, or obovate, three 
 
390 AQUIFOLIACE.E. Ilex. 
 
 fourths inch to 2 iuches long, mostly acuminate, sparingly low-serrate or biserrate, gradually 
 acute or cuneate at base, the deeply grooved petiole (1 to 3 lines long) and the upper sur- 
 face along the midrib mostly pubescent : calyx-segments rounded in fertile Howers, ciliate : 
 drupe subglobose, about 3 lines in diameter, with sessile stigma ; the pedicel a half shorter. 
 — Fl. 269 ; Maximowicz, 1. c. 30; Trelease, 1. c. 347. t'ussine CaroUniana, Walt. ¥\. 242. 
 Prinos ambiijHus, Michx. Fl. ii. 236. Synsdimi acuminata, Kaf. 1. c. 49. 6\ ambigua, Haf. 
 ex Wats. Bibl. Index, 157. Nemopanthes amhi(/ua, Wood, Class-Book, ed. of 1861,497. — 
 North Carolina to Florida and Texas, north to Arkansas, Fendler. Exceptionally the sur- 
 face of the leaves is sparingly puberulent, especially beneath. A form from Tamj)a, Florida, 
 darher, with the small leaves glal)rous and very firm, is var. coriAcea, Trelease, 1. c. 347. 
 
 I. mollis, Gray. Scarcely arboreous, at first softly gray-downy, the twigs and often upper 
 surface of the leaves at length glabrate : leaves thin, lanceolate to mostly broadly ovate, 1^ 
 to 4 inches long : otherwise very close to tlie next, and somewhat intermediate between it 
 and the preceding. — Man. ed. 5, 306; Maximowicz, 1. c. 30; Trelease, 1. c. 347. 1. dubia, 
 Britt. Sterns & Foggenb. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 11. /. montana, var. mollis, Britton, Bull. Torr. 
 Club, xvii. 313. /. motitirola, var. mollis, Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, v. 217. Priitos diibius, 
 Don, Syst. ii. 20. — Blair and Carbon Counties, Pennsylvania, to North and South Carolina 
 and Georgia, in the mountains. 
 
 I. monticola, Gray. Occasionally arborescent, glalirous except for the veins of the leaves, 
 especially above : leaves thin, lanceolate to ovate. 2 to 6 inches long, mostly acuminate, rather 
 coarsely "serrate ; the base acute to rounded ; petioles 3 to 6 lines long : calyx-segments sub- 
 acute, "more or less ciliate : drupe slightly elongated and usually with an evident style : 
 otherwise resembling /. ambi(jua, from which it is most readily separable by the larger size 
 of the leaves. — Man. ed. 2, 264 ; Maximowicz, 1. c. 30 ; Trelease, 1. c. 347 ; Sargent, Silv. 
 i. 115, t. 50; Dippel, 1. c. 51 1, f. 246. /. montana, Torr. & Gray in Gray, Man. 276. /. Ame- 
 lanchier, var. monticola. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 208. — Pennsylvania to Tennessee, N. Carolina, and 
 N. Alabama, in the mountains. 
 
 ^ 1— Sterile cymes several-flowered from a common peduncle. 
 
 I. Amelanchier, M. A. Curtis. Low shrub, more or less persistently soft-pubescent 
 throughout: leaves thin, elliptical, 1 J to 3 inches long, subacute, minutely and inconspicu- 
 ously serrulate, acute or rounded at base, rugose-veiny beneath ; petioles 3 to exceptionally 
 8 lines long : calyx-segments acute, scarcely ciliate : drupe globose, about 5 lines in diameter, 
 dull, as in Nemopanthus ; the slender bractless pedicels 3 to 9 lines long. — Curtis in Chapm. 
 Fl. 270 ; Sargent, Gard. & For. ii. 40, f. 88 ; Trelease, 1. c. 347. — Society Hill, South Caro- 
 lina, Curtis, and Covington, Louisiana, Drummond. 
 
 * * * Flowers mostly 6-9-merous : nutlets not ribbed. — § Prinos. 
 •i- Leaves evergreen, coriaceous, slightly revolute, dotted beneath; the midrib elevated on 
 both surfaces : fruit black. 
 
 I. glabra, Gray. (Inkberry.) Shrub: young twigs somewhat angled when dry, finely vel- 
 vetv : leaves cuneately elliptical to oblanceolate, 1 to 2 inches long, mostly obtuse, crenately 
 2-6-toothed near the apex, minutely puberulent on the midrib above ; the velvety petiole 2 
 to 3 lines long: staminate and sometimes fertile peduncles several-flowered, bracteate, often 
 velvetv : caly.x-segments from narrow and acute to broad and rather blunt, often more or 
 less ciliate : drupe subglobose, 2 to 3 lines in diameter ; the pedicel of equal length ; stigma 
 nearly or quite sessile. — Man. ed. 2, 264 ; Maximowicz, 1. c. 26 ; Trelease, 1. c. 347. Prinos 
 glaber, L. Spec. i. 330 ; Lam. 111. t. 255, f. 2 ; Nouv. Duham. iii. 215, t. .54 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. 
 t. 450. Winterlia trijiora, Mrench, Meth. 74. Ennepta mi/ricoides, Raf. Sylv. Tellur. 52. — 
 
 ' Massachusetts to Florida and Louisiana, in the vicinity of the coast. 
 
 I. COriacea, Chapm. Tall shrub : young twigs somewhat viscidly puberulent : leaves glossy 
 above, elliptical or obovate to oblanceol.ite, 2 or 3 inches long, acute to acuminate, entire or 
 usually with several low but .sharp serratures on each side, often velvety on the midrib 
 above, acutely tapering into a petiole 2 to 4 lines long: peduncles 1-flowered, bractless, 
 glabrous : drupe about as in the last, but the style often more prominent and the pedicel 
 somewhat longer. — Fl. 270. /. lucida, Torr. & Gray in Wats. Bibl. Index, 159; Maxi- 
 mowicz, 1. c. 26 ; Trelease, 1. c. 348. Prinos Incidus, Ait. Kew. i. 478. P. coriareus, Pursh, 
 Fl. i. 221. P. fitomarius, Nutt. Gen. i. 213. Ennepta coriarea, Baf. Sylv. Tellur. 52. 
 E. atomnria, Raf. 1. c. — Xortli Carolina to Florida and around the coast to Louisiana. 
 
Nemopanthus. AQl'IFOLI ACK.K. 391 
 
 -♦— ■»— Leaves deciduous, thinner, not punctate : fruit 8uhgl(j|)ose, with sessile stigma, red 
 or cxcciitioiiallv jellow, mostly exceeding the pedicels. 
 
 I. verticillata, Guav. (Black Aluku, Wintekhkhkv.) Tall loosely branche<i shrub, 
 ofteu SHiiuwliat j)ubesceut throughout when young : leaves lanceolate, oblanceolate, or ol>o- 
 vate, 1^ to 3 or rarely 4 inches long, mostly acuminate, rather coarsely serrate or biserrate, 
 veiny, usually loosely pubescent especially beneath, acute at base ; the downy petiole 3 to 6 
 lines long : sterile cymes fascicled, mostly siiort and 3-Howered ; the fertile I-3-flowered 
 from a very short bibracteate peduncle ; pcduinles and ])edicels mostly glabrous or glabres- 
 ceut : calyx-segments mostly obtuse, ciliate and often loos(dy pubescent : drupe often slightly 
 elongated, 3 lines in diameter.— Man. ed. 2, 264 ; Maximowicz, 1. c. 30; Trelea.xe, 1. c. 348; 
 Dippel, 1. c. 513 ; iMillspaugh, Med. PI. i. t. 106. Prinos verlicilliilus, L. Spec. i. 330; Lam. 
 111. t. 255, f. 1 ; Bigel. Med. Bot. iii. 141, t. 56 ; Barton, Fl. Med. t. 17 ; Guimp. ( »tto & Ilayne, 
 Abbild. llolzart. t. 56. P. padljhlius, Willd. Eiium. 394. P. confirttts. Munch, Meth. 4KI. 
 P. Cirouovii, Michx. Fl. ii. 236. — Canada to the (ireat Lakes, south to S. Carolina, Illinois, 
 and Alabama. (Japan.) A northeastern form with amjjle lanceolate or oblanceolate tliin 
 leaves, less pubescent and less veiny than usual, is var. tenuik6lia, Torr. Fl. N. & Midil, 
 States, 338. A northern form with the leaves smaller and more obovate than usual is var. 
 I'ADii'OLiA, Torr. & Gray in Wats. Bibl. Index, 160. The original Prinos pad if olius, Willd. 
 Enum. 394, is scarcely more than the common form of /. verticillata. 
 
 I. laevigata, Gray. Lower rather compact shrub: twigs glabrous: leaves rather narrowly 
 lanceolate, mostly 1^ to 2 inches long, acute at both ends or subacuminate, low-serrulate, at 
 length veiny, glabrous or with a few persistent soft long hairs beneath, especially along the 
 midrib; the glal)rous or somewhat pubescent petiole 2 to 5 lines long: sterile Howers soli- 
 tary on bractless glabrous filiform pedicels often half inch or more long, or occasionally 
 in pedunded umbels of 3 ; the fertile solitary on shorter pedicels : calyx-segments mostly 
 acute, not pubescent but sometimes ciliate : drupe depressed-globose, usually 4 or 5 lines in 
 diameter. — Man. ed. 2, 264 ; Maximowicz, 1. c. 30 ; Trelea.se, 1. c. 348 ; Dippel, 1. c. 513 ; 
 Sargent, Gard. & For. iv. 220, f. 39. Prinos kcvigatus, Pursh, Fl. i. 220. — Massachusetts to 
 New Jersey and Pennsylvania. 
 
 1. lanceolAta, Chapm. 1. c. 270, Trelease, 1. c. 348, is a doul)tful species. Prinos lanceolata, 
 Hill, Veg. Syst. xvi. 57, t. 61, from the fascicled leaves might be taken for a poorly drawn 
 /. deridita. 
 
 2. NEMOPANTHUS, Raf. Mountain Holly. (Name from I'^/xa, 
 thread, Trov's, foot, and a.vOo's, flower, from the filiform peduncles.) — Shrub with 
 nearly exstipulate leaves. — Am. Monthly Mag. ii. 176, iv. 357, & Am. Jour. 
 Sci. i. 377. Nemopanthes, Raf. Jour. Phys. Ixxxix. 96; Benth. & Hook. Gen. 
 i. 357 ; Baill. Hist. PI. xi. 219 ; Trelease, Trans. St. Louis Acad. v. 349 ; 
 Kroufeld in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. 5, 188. Nuttallia, DC. 
 Rapp. Jard. Genev. 1821, 44. lUcioides, Dumont-Cour. Bot. Cult. iv. 127. — 
 A single species. 
 
 N. fascicularis, Kaf. Glabrous or nearly so: leaves often fascicled on spurs, mostly 1 to 
 \\ inches long, elli])tical, more or less acute at both ends, mucronate, entire or very low-ser- 
 rulate, thin but firm, finely reticulate-veiny, as in Vaccinium ; the petiole about 4 lines long : 
 pedicels solitary or clu.><tered, simple or the staminate exceptionally in 3's from a peduncle 
 of equal length, 6 to 14 lines long: flowers scarcely expanding over 2 lines: drupe red, dull, 
 ovoid, styleless, about 3 lines in diameter, on a filiform suberect pedicel ; nutlets obscurely 
 somewhat ribbed on the back. — Am. Monthly M.ag. iv. 357. Nemopanthes fascicularis, Kaf. 
 Jour. Phys. Ixxxix. 97. N. Canadensis, DC. M^m. Soc. Genev. i. 450, & PI. Rar. Genev. 8, 
 t. 3 ; Trelease, 1. c. 349. Ilex Canadensis, Michx. Fl. ii. 229, t.49. /. delicatuta. Barton, Fl. 
 Virg. 67. Prinos integrifoliiis. Ell. Sk. ii. 706. P. limrjipes, Kaf. Sylv. Tellur. 50. Suttal- 
 ha Canadensis, DC. Rapp. Jard. Genev. 1821, 44. Varrinium miirmnittum. L. Sjiec. i. 350. 
 Ilirioides mncronnla, Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, v. 217. — Newfoundlaud to New Jersey, Ohio, 
 and the Great Lakes. 
 
392 CYRILLACE.E. Cyrilla. 
 
 Order XXXTX. CYRILLACEJE. 
 
 By a. Guay. 
 
 Shrubs or small trees with essentially regular perfect flowers, o-parted or 
 5-tlivided calyx and 5, or rarely 4, imbricated or convolute hypogyuous sessile or 
 shortly unguiculate petals. Calyx-segments sometimes unequal. Hypogynous 
 stamens 5, alternating with the petals, or 10 in 2 often unequal series, the inner 
 stamens, i. e. those opposite the petals, being shorter ; antliers bilocular, fixed 
 by the middle, introrse, longitudinally or apically dehiscent; pollen very fine, 
 simple. Ovary 2-o-celled; cells 1-4-ovuled. Fruit in CUftonia and Costcea 
 indehiscent, in Cyrilla very tardily, dehiscent or at least at maturity separable 
 septicidally into two parts. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, thickish, entire, 
 cuneate-obovate or oblanceolate. A small order of the S. Atlantic States, the 
 West Indies, and the northern part of S. America, related probably most closely 
 to the Aquifoliacece, but also through the W. Indian genus Costcea exhibiting 
 affinities to the Ericacea. 
 
 1. CYRILLA. Calvx 5-parted, persistent; the lobes ovate or triangular, acute, imbricated 
 ' iu cTstivatiou. Petals 5, distinct, niucii longer than the calyx, sessile, tlie axis thickened 
 
 toward the base inside, imbricate or convolute in aistivatiou, spreading in anthesis, decidu- 
 ous. Stamens 5, inserted with the petals underneath the disk ; filaments subulate ; anthers 
 oblong or subsagittate, deeply cleft at the base ; the cells opening longitudinally ; pollen 
 globose-triangular with angles projecting and rounded, nearly as in the Oncujmceie. Disk 
 hypogynous, entire, adnate to the base of tlie ovary, sometimes obscure. Ovary ovoid, 
 2-celled, rarely 3-celled, with 2 or 3 auatropous or half-anatrop.ous ovules suspended from 
 the apex of each cell on a filiform pendulous placenta (the rhaphe dorsal) ; style persistent, 
 very short ; stigmas 2, rarely 3, short. Fruit a small and dry 2-celled drupe, cellular-corky 
 at maturity when readily septicidal into two pyrenaj ; the cells small and 1 -seeded ; testa 
 thin and membranaceous, conformed to the nucleus ; embryo cylindrical, at the micropylar 
 end of the fleshy albumen, and about a quarter of its length ; cotyledons small and terete ; 
 radicle superior. 
 
 2. CLIFTONIA. Calyx very small. 5-lobed, rarely 4-8-lobed, persistent. Petals 5 (rarely 
 4 to 8), distinct, roundi'sh-obovate with the base contracted into a short claw, strongly iinljri- 
 cated in estivation, deciduous. Stamens twice as many as the petals and inserted with 
 them ; those opposite the petals commonly shorter ; filaments dilated below the middle, tlie 
 dilated portion terminating in 2 short and rounded teeth or lobes ; anthers didymous ; the 
 cells longitudinally dehiscent ; pollen globular and with 3 projecting rounded angles (nearly 
 as in Cyrilla). Disk as in Cyrilla. Ovary ovoid-conical, 3-4-celled, with a single linear 
 and anatropous ovule suspended from the summit of each cell ; the rhaphe dorsal ; style 
 none ; stigma thick, 3-4-lobed. Fruit dry and cellular-corky, 3-4-angled, the angles extended 
 into narrow wings, 3-4-celled ; seeds solitary, filling the small cells, oblong, with a thm 
 testa conformed to the nucleus; embryo in the axis of the fleshy albumen, of nearly its 
 length ; cotyledons very small ; radicle long and slender, superior. 
 
 1. CYRlLLiA, Garden. {Dominico CrjriUo, professor of medicine at Na- 
 ples, murdered in 1799, the author of the now very rare PI. Rar. Reg. Neap.) — 
 Leaves glabrous, reticulate-veiny : flowers small, white, crowded in long and 
 dense virgate racemes which are usually fascicled in the axils of the preceding 
 year ! bracts and adnate bractlets subulate, persistent. — Garden in L. Mant. i. 5 ; 
 
Cllftonia. OLACIXK.E. 393 
 
 Jacq. Coll. i. 1G2, & Ic. Rar. t. 47; Midix. Fl. i. 1.37; riandi. Loud. Juiir. Hot. 
 V. 204. — A small genus, perhaps best regarded as a varialjie monotype of I'cmark- 
 able range. 
 
 C. racemiflora, L. 1. c. 50. Slirub 10 to 12 feet higli : leaves cuueate-oblong or ohlancco. 
 late, iiiiiiiilL'sily reticulated upon botii sides, 1 to 3 inches long: sepals triangular: pet.-ils 
 oblung, acutish, contiguous at their broad bases: fruit scarcely more than a hue long, <lr/ 
 at maturity, inclined to separate into two parts. — Walt. Car! 103; Jac(i. 1. c. ; Ell. Sk. i. 
 294; Nutt. Sylv. ii. 96, t. 74.1 C. Cmolininiia, Alichx. Fl. i. 158. C. par v I folia, Sliuttl. 13ot! 
 Zeit. iii. 221, a small-leaved variety.^ Itea Cyrilla, Swartz, I'rodr. 50, & Obs. t. 4, f. 1 ; 
 L'ller. Stirp. t. 66; Willd. Spec. i. 1146. — Sandy and wet piue wood.s N- Carolina^ to 
 Florida and westward near tiie (iulf to Hardin Co., Texas, Nealleu ; fl. June. (W. Ind. ?, 
 Northern S. Am. ?) Linnanis wrongly described tlie fruit as a 2-vaived many-seeded capsule 
 and the petals as longitudinally villous inside. 
 
 2. CLIFTONIA, Banks. Titi, Buckwheat-tree. {Francis Clifton, a 
 London physician, who travelled iu Jamaica, where he died, 173G.) — Leaves 
 coriaceous, scarcely reticulated. Flowers white or rose-colored in nodding racemes 
 terminating the branches of the preceding year. Bracts minute, caducous ; 
 bractlets none. — Banks in Gaertn. f. Fruct. iii. 246, t. 225; Endl. Gen. 1413; 
 Planch. 1. c. 255. Mylocaryum, Willd. Enum. 454, in note. Mylocarium, Ell. 
 Sk. i. 508 Walteriana, Fras. in Endl. Gen. 1413. — A monotype of the S. ¥.. 
 United States. 
 
 C. nitida, G.kktn. f. l. c. 247. A shrub or small tree, 8 to 15 feet high, glabrous: leaves 
 obovate-oblong, 1 to 1^ inches long, siiining above, pale or glaucous beneath, evergreen: 
 racemes dense, 1 to 2 (to 4) inches long: petals 2 to 3 lines long: fruit 4 lines long. — C. 
 lifjustn'mi, Sims iu Sprcng. Syst. ii. 316; Nutt. Sylv. ii. 92, t. 73. Mylocaryum llguMrimtm, 
 Willd. 1. c. ; Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1625; Lindl. Veg. Kingd. 445, f. 309. Af >/ hear i urn liyustri- 
 mm, Pursh. Fl. i. .302, t. 14 ; Ell. Sk. i. .508.< — Pine-barren swamps, S. Carolina to Alabama* 
 and Florida; fl. March. A plant of obscure aflSnities, exhibiting not one of tiie distinguish- 
 ing characters of the Malpighiaceas, to which Nuttall referred it. 
 
 Order XL. OLACINEJi:. 
 
 By A. Gray. 
 
 Mostly tropical trees or shrubs, with alternate simple leaves, no stipules, and 
 regular flowers. Petals hypogynous, valvate in the bud and sometimes united into 
 a tube, and with the stamens inserted on the outside or margin of the disk ; the 
 latter of same number as and opposite the petals or twice as many. Ovarv 
 1 -celled or 2-5-celled only at base, whence rises a placental axile column (in the 
 manner of Santalacece) , bearing on its apex 2 to 4 pendulous anatropous ovules 
 with dorsal rhaphe (i. e. micropyle next the placenta) ; style only one with ter- 
 
 1 Add lit. Sargent, Silv. ii. 3, t. 51. 
 
 2 Add syn. C. racemosn. Loud. Arb. iv. 2.577, f. 2503. C. polystachia, p^irvi folia, &fuscaia, Raf. 
 Aut. Hot. 8. Amlrnmedn pluinnta, "Bart. Cat" Marsh. Arb. 9. 
 
 3 S. E. Vir^jinia, //tiler. 
 
 * .Villi syn. Plt^lffi mimnphylln. Earn. III. i. .3.30. Wnlterinna CaroUnienflf, Cat. Ilort. Fraser, 3. 
 Cliftouiii monophylln, Britton, Bull. Torr. Club, xvi. 310 ; Sargent, Silv. ii. 7, t. 52. 
 6 Westward to E. Louisiana, ace. to Sargent, 1. c. 
 
394 OLACIXE.E. Ximema. 
 
 minal undivided stigma. Fruit a 1-celled 1-seeded drupe; seed with a simple 
 thin coat, becoming spuriously erect by placental adhesion ; embryo minute at 
 apex of fleshy albumen. 
 
 1. XIMENIA. Calyx small, 4-5-tootlied, persistent, not enlarging. Petals 4 or 5, narrow, 
 the whole inner face densely bearded. Stamens 8 or 10, with filiform filaments and linear 
 anthers. Ovary conical, 3-5-celled at base. Drnpe naked. 
 
 2. SCHCEPFIA. Calyx small, 2-6-dentate or entire, at length deciduous or obsolete. Petals 
 4 to 0. united into a tubular or canipanulate corolla, the free tips reflexed in anthesis. Stamens 
 as many as tlie lobes; filiform filaments adnate to the tube of the corolla; a little fascicle 
 of hairs behind each ; anthers short. Hypogynous disk cupulate, adnate to lower half of 
 the partly 3-colled ovary, in fruit becoming fleshy and adnate, investing all but the summit 
 of the small drnpe. 
 
 1. XIMENIA, Plum. (Father Francis Ximenes, early missionary to W. 
 Indies, &c.) — Shrubs and low trees, often spinescent, with entire glabrous 
 leaves, commonly becoming vertical by a twist of the petiole, and fragrant whitish 
 flowers in sessile or short-peduucled axillary clusters : the fruit edible. — Nov. 
 Gen. G, t. 21 ; L. Gen. no. 902. 
 
 X. Americana, L- (Mountain- Plum of W. Ind., Hog Plum, Wild Lime.) Very gla- 
 brous : trunk 10* to 15 feet high, with very hard and tough wood: leaves oblong, mucronate 
 from retuse apex, 2 inches long : flowers usually 4-merous : petals .5 lines long, yellowish or 
 greenish-white with the dense beard becoming rusty : fruit the size of a small plum, acid- 
 ulous. — Spec, ii. 1193; Descourt. Fl. Ant. ii. t. 132; Chapm. Fl. 61 ; Engler in Mart. Fl. 
 Bras. xii. pt. 2, 9, t. 2. X mnltiflora, Jacq. Stirp. Am. 106, t. 177. — S. Florida.^ (W. Ind. 
 to Brazil, S. Pacif. Ids. to Africa.) 
 X. RAMOSissiMA, Shuttl. in distr. pi. Rugel, no. 87, is Bumelia angustifolia, Nutt. Sylv. iii. 
 
 38, t. 93 ; corolla and stamens fallen. 
 
 2. SCHCfcPFIA, Schreb. {Dr. J. D. Schcepf, surgeon of Hessian troops 
 sent to America in 1777, who published " Materia Medica Americana.") — Shrubs 
 or small trees, with leaves not unlike those of Ximenia, or thinner, and similar 
 inflorescence. — Gen. 129; A. DC. Prodr. xiv. 622; Griseb. Fl. W. Ind. 310; 
 Engler, 1. c. 34, t. 7, no. 4. Codonium, Vahl, Skrivt. Natur. Selsk. Kj</)b. ii. 
 pt. 1, 206. Dlplocalyx, A. Rich. Fl. Cub. ii. 81, t. 54. 
 
 S. Schreberi, Gmel. Tall shrub, glabrous : leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, mostly ob- 
 ' liciue and obtusely acuminate, about 2 inches long : peduncles very short, bearing 2 or 3 
 sessile flowers : corolla yellow, short-campanulate, about 2 lines long ; its ovate lobes a third 
 or nearly half the length of the tube (minutely puberulent or glal)rous) : drupe ovoid, 4 or 
 5 lines long. — Syst. 376 (1791); Lam. 111. ii. 51. S. Americana, Willd. Spec. i. 996. S. 
 arborescens, Roem. & Schult. Syst. v. 160; DC. Prodr. iv. 319, xiv. 622; Chapm. Fl. ed. 2, 
 611. S. arborescens, & S. Marchii, Griseb. Fl. W. Ind. 310. S. chrysophnlloides. Planch. 
 Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 4, ii. 261, founded on Diplocahjx chrysophj/lloldes, A. Rich. Fl. Cub. ii. 81, 
 t. 54. Codonium arborescens, Vahl, Skrivt. Natur. Selsk. Kj0b. ii. pt. 1, 207, t. 6, & Symb. 
 Bot. iii. 36 (1794).— S. Florida, Chapman, Palmer (outside of corolla and inside of lobes 
 minutely puberulent), Garber (with corolla glabrous or lobes obsoletely puberulent, the 6\ 
 chrysophylloides) ; the forms evidently of one .species. ( W. Ind., Mex.) 
 
 1 As far north as Lake Co., Central Peninsular Florida, Nash. 
 
CELASTllACK.E. 395 
 
 Okdek XLT. CELASTKACE.E. 
 
 IJy W. Tkki.kask. 
 
 Woody plants, sometimes spiiiose or cliinbing. Leaves alternate or opposite, 
 simple, not lobed, entire or serrate, not <,dan(lular-punctate, with minute or fre- 
 quently abortive stipules. Flowers commonly in reduced axillary cymes, rarely 
 sul)panicled, small, often greenish, perfect or diuicious by abortion, 4— 5-merous, 
 with a conspicuous disk often surrounding the base of the ovary. Calyx deeply 
 j)arted, with imbricate persistent segments. Petals distinct, inserted below the 
 free margin of the disk, not hooded. Stamens mostly as many as the petals and 
 alternate with them (fewer in Hippocratea, and mostly of double the number in 
 Glossupetalon), distinct, commonly inserted on or beneath the margin of the disk ; 
 anthers short, rounded, 2-celled, introrse, versatile on short filaments. Pistil 
 mostly compound ; ovary 1-5-ceIled, scarcely lobed, free from the calyx but 
 sometimes more or less invested by the disk; ovules 1 to 10, variously situated; 
 style mostly short or wanting ; stigmas 1 to 5, capitate, lateral or rarely expanded, 
 mostly short. Fruit capsular (then loculicidal, with the septa adhering to the 
 valves), drupaceous or winged, 1-few-seeded ; seeds mostly arillate or caruncu- 
 late, albuminous except in Mdijlenus and Hippocratea ; embryo with flat cotyle- 
 dons. — Represented in our flora by two very distinct tribes, sometimes treated 
 as orders. 
 Tribe I. CELASTRE.E. Stamens mostly 4 or 5, inserted on or below the margin 
 
 of the disk. Fruit and seeds not winged in our genera. 
 
 * Stamens as many as the petals or sepals. 
 •\- Fruit locnlicidal : ovary nearly or quite immersed in the disk : leaves normally opposite. 
 
 1. EUONYMUS. Flowers seemingly perfect but really polyfj^amo-trid'cious, 4-5-nierons. 
 Style mostly short, terminal ; ovary 3-5-ci'lled, with 2 to 10 ovules in eaih cell. Capsule 
 lobed, coriaceous, often maj^enta-colored, with usually a single large seed in each cell ; seed 
 enclosed in a scarlet or orange aril. 
 
 2. PACHISTIMA. Flowers perfect, 4-merons. Style short, at lenfjth commonly unilat- 
 eral : ovary 2-celled, with 2 erect ovules in each cell. Capsule not lobed, small, oMnim, 
 2-odiTed, usually 1-seeded and commonly unilateral by abortion ; seed with a pale lacerate 
 aril at base. 
 
 ^— -1— Fruit loculici<lal : leaves alternate. 
 
 3. CELASTRUS. Flowers subdi(rciou9, 5-merou9. Anthers oval, mucronate. Ovary free, 
 usually 3-4-cellcd, with 2 erect ovules in eacli cell. Seed enclosed in a crimson aril. 
 
 4. MAYTENUS. Flowers polygamo-dio?cious, 4-r)-merou9. Anthers round-cordate. Ovary 
 confluent witli tlie disk below, usually .3-4-celled, with a single erect ovule in each cell. 
 Seed exall)UiMiiious, with a red aril open above. 
 
 -t— -1— -I— Fruit dry or ilrupaceous, indehiscent : leaves mostly alternate. 
 
 5. GYMINDA. Flowers dio'cious, 4 merous. Stamens erect. Stigma .«e.<sile, terminal ; 
 ovary ]mitly immersed in the disk, 2(-4?)-celled, with a suspended ovule in each cell. 
 
 l)rii])c s]ihcrc>idal ; seed almost without aril. 
 
396 CELASTRACE.E. Euonymus. 
 
 6. RHACOMA. Flowers mostly perfect, 4-5-merous. Stamens oatcurving. Style slender, 
 at length somewhat unilateral ; ovary partly immersed iu the disk, 1-2-celled, witli an erect 
 ovule 111 eacli cell. Drupe obovoid; seed sometimes with aril. 
 
 7. SCH^FFERIA. Flowers dioecious, 4-merous. Style terminal, 2-cleft; stigma with 
 4 often large and iucised or fimbriate divisions ; ovary free from the disk, 2-celled, with an 
 erect ovule iu each cell. Drupe spheroidal, somewhat flattened ; seed without aril. 
 
 8. MORTONIA. Flowers perfect, .5-merous. Style terminal, 5-lobed ; ovary free from tiie 
 disk, 5-cclled, with 2 erect ovules in each cell. Fruit dry, oblong, fluted, 1-celled by abor- 
 tion ; seed solitary, filling the ovary, without aril. 
 
 * * Stamens twice as many as (or at least more numerous than) tlie petals or sepals : fruit 
 coriaceous, at most tardily dehiscent : leaves alternate. 
 
 9. GLOSSOPETALON. Flowers perfect, 4-6merous. Stigma sessile, slightly notched ; 
 ovary free from the disk, 1-celled, with 2 basal anatropous ovules. Fruit follicular, striate ; 
 seeds 1 or 2, minutely arillate or carunculate at base. 
 
 Tribe II. HIPPOCRATE.E. Stamens mostly 3, inserted on or within the disk, 
 usually adnate to the ovary below. Seeds exalbuminous. 
 
 10. HIPPOCRATEA. Flowers perfect, 5-merous. Style short, ternwnal, somewhat 
 3-lobed ; ovary 3-celled, with several ovul«s in each cell. Capsule 3-lobed, the segments 
 separate and wing like above, the outer half of each falling away, each cell with several flat 
 seeds winged at one end. 
 
 1. EUONYMUS, Tourn. Spindle Tree. (Name from eu, good, and oi/o/xa, 
 name, by antithesis, because the foliage was supposed to be poisonous to cattle.) 
 — Shrubs or small trees with more or less square or 4-angled glabrous twigs, 
 opposite usually serrulate pinnately veined mostly ample and deciduous leaves 
 with minute or abortive stipules, and cymose (or by abortion solitary) axillary 
 flowers. — Inst. 617, t. 388; L. Gen. no. 79; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 257; Gray, 
 Gen. ni. ii. 187, t. 171 ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 360; Baill. Hist. PI. vi. 1, 30; 
 Trelease, Trans. St. Louis Acad. v. 351, 353; Losener in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. 
 PHanzenf. iii. Ab. 5, 199. — Mostly of the temperate or higher Asiatic regions, 
 the European species few, some also in the Malay Islands. 
 
 * Fruit tuberculate, rather shallow-lobed : corolla greenish or reddish yellow, .5-merous : 
 ovules Iiorizontal, 4 to 10 in each cell: winter buds rather small (1 or 2 lines long). 
 
 E. Americanus, L. (Strawuerry Bush.) Large shrnb: leaves ovate or broadly lan- 
 ceolate, rounded to acute at base, acuminate, crenate-serrulate, glabrous or a little pubescent 
 toward the base of the principal veins, 1| to 3 inches long, nearly sessile ; the petioles a line 
 long or less: peduncles scarcely an inch long, 1-3-flowered : sepals round, entire: petals 
 mostly clawed and not meeting : fruit very rough. — Spec. i. 197 ; Nouv. Duham. iii. 26, t. 9 ; 
 Fursh, Fl. i. 168; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1322 : Don, Syst. ii. .5; Loud. Arb. ii. 499, f. 168, 169; 
 Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 258; Torr. Fl. N. Y. i. 142, t. 19 ; Baill. Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. v. 31.5, & 
 Hist. PI. vi. 2; Trelease, 1. c. 3.53; Dippel, Handb. Lanldiolzkunde, ii. 492, f. 236. E. snn- 
 pervirens. Marsh. Arb. 44. E. nltorn'ifolliis, Mnench, Meth. 71. E. mnricattis, Raf. New Fl. 
 Am. iii. 59. — New Jersey to Florida, Eastern Texas, and Kentucky. 
 
 Var. angustifolius, Wood. Similar to the type, but the leaves lanceolate to ellip- 
 tical, less than half inch wide, somewhat falcate. — Bot. & Fl. 76 ; Trelease, 1. c. 353. E. nn- 
 (jnstifolius, Pursh, Fl. i. 168 : Don, Syst. ii. 5 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 258 ; Baill. Bnll. Soc. Bot. 
 Fr. V. 315. — Kentucky to Florida. In its extreme form appearing quite distinct, but pass- 
 ing into the type by numerous intermediate specimens, chiefly from the middle range of the 
 species, pertaining to E. Americanus, $, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 258. 
 
 Var. sarmentosus, Nptt. Low. rooting, with erect branches: leaves variou.«ly 
 lanceolate, acute: otherwise about as in the type. — Gen. i. 154: Torr. & Grav, Fl. i. 258; 
 Trelease, 1. c. 353. E. sarmentosus, Don, Syst. ii. 5. — Southwestern range of the species. 
 
Pac/uslhna. CKLAS'lRACK.i:. 397 
 
 E. obovatus, N'l tt. Ahout a foot hij^li, Willi prostrate rooting stoiiiH and frert nearly 
 siiiijilc sIhmUs: leaves mostly obovale, euneale, usually very olitusc ; the jtetioles often 2 
 lines luu^ : peiluncles mostly ^-.J-llowered ; flowers expanding ahout .'1 lines: jxtals apprnx- 
 i mated : fruit less tuherculate: otherwise resenihliug the preceding. — (ien. i. 15.'}; Don, 
 Syst. ii. 5; Zahel, Gartentl. xxxviii. 638; Gard. & For. ix. .'1»4, f. 51. A". Aiiurirunns, 8, 
 Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 258. K. Aiiiericuniis, var. ubovatua, Torr. & Gray a<c. to (Jrav, (ien. 111. 
 ii. 188, t. 171 ; Trelea.se, 1. c. 353. — Canada, in the region of the (ireat Lakes, to lllinoiM 
 aud Keutucky. 
 
 ♦ ♦ Fruit not tuherculate: ovules 2 in eacii cell. 
 
 •I— Flowers 4-merous : ovules ascending, with iutrorse rhaphe : fruit deeply lohed : winter 
 huds small, as in the last : Atlantic species. 
 
 E. atropurpureus, JAcy. (Bt:RNiNG Bush, Waiioo.) At length heconiing a small tree : 
 lea\es elliptical or .somewhat ovate, acute at hase, acuminate, minutelv serrulate or biserrii- 
 late, mostly jiuherulent heneath, 2 to 4 inches long, on slightly margined petioles 3 to 9 lines 
 long : peduncles 1 to 2 inciies long, twice or thrice dichotomous, usually 7-13-Howered : petals 
 ohovate, hrown-purple, witii pale margin: style very short. — liort. Vind. ii. 55, t. 120; 
 I'ursh, Fl. i. 168; Don, Syst. ii. 5; Loud. Arb. ii. 49'J, f. 1G7; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 257; 
 15aill. Hull. Soc. Bot. Fr. v. 314, & Hist. Fl. vi. 2 ; Millspaugh, Med. I'l. i. t. 42; Trelea.se, 
 
 1. e. 353; Sargent, Silv. ii. 11, t. 33; Dippel, 1. c. 490, f. 235. K. Carolinensis, Marsh. Arb. 
 43. — New York to tiie Yellowstone, south to Northern Texas; also in Florida, Ibitjel. 
 Una.ssigned names, jjerhaps pertaining to this species, are K. arumiiuitus, K. ruiieutus, and 
 E. heterophyllus, Uaf. New Fl. Am. iii. 59. 
 
 E. EuROP.KUS, L. (Spindle Tree.) Leaves rather small, more finely serrulate to nearly 
 entire, glabrous: peduncles shorter: flowers and fruits fewer and more clustered: petals 
 greenish white : ovary conically prolonged into an eviilent style : otherwise like the la.st. — 
 Spec. i. 197; Keicheub. Ic. Fl. Germ. vi. t.309, f. 5134; Ett. & Pok. Physiotypia PI. Austr. 
 V. t. 4G3 ; Britt. Sterns & Poggeni). Prelim. Cat. N. Y. 11; Trelease, 1. c. 353. — Persi.stent 
 iu old gardens about eastern cities. (Introd. from Eu.) 
 
 •i— -i— Flowers 5-merous, purple : ovules descending, with extrorse rhaphe : fruit not deeply 
 lohed : winter buds large (2 to 5 lines long) : glabrous species of the Pacific coast. 
 
 E. OCCidentalis, Nitt. A large shrub : winter buds 2 to 3 lines long : twigs whitened : 
 leaves ovate or elliptical to lanceolate, subcordate to mostly acute at ba.se, acute or acumi- 
 nate, irregularly serrulate or bi.serrulate, H to 3 inches long, on petioles 2 to 4 lines long: 
 peduncles an inch long, 1-3-flowered. — Nutt. in Torr. Pac. R. Hep. iv. 74; Trelea.se, 1. c. 
 354. E. atropiirptireus, var. j8 ? Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 258. — Oregon to Southern California, 
 :uiil Carson City, Nevada, Anderson. 
 
 E. Parishii, Trelease, 1. c. Weak but rather large shrul) : winter buds 3 to 5 lines long : 
 leaves elliptic-ovate to oliovate, gradually cuneate or abruptly contracted and cuneate at 
 ba.se, olituse or blunt-pointed, finely crenate-serrulate : peduncles 2 inches long, 3-7-flowered : 
 flowers .'somewhat smaller than in the last, to which the .species is clo.sely related. — San 
 Jacinto Mountain, California, Purish. 
 
 2. PACHlSTIMA, Raf. (Name .said to bo from Traxr?, thick, and oTi'y/ia, 
 stigma, from the slightly enlarged stigma.) — Low shrubs with squarish minutely 
 verruoose twigs, opposite erenulate or serrulate coriaceous 1 -nerved rather small 
 evergreen leaves with minute stipules, and few-flowered a.xillary cymes shorter 
 than the leaves. Am. Monthly Mag. ii. 176. Pachystima, Benth. «fe Hook. Gen. 
 i. 3GI ; Baill. 1. c. 30 ; Trelease, Trans. St. Louis Acad. v. 352, '^'A ; Losener 
 in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. 5, 211. Oreophila,^\\ii. in Torr. & 
 Gr.ay, Fl. i. 258. — Confined to the mountains of the United States and Mexico. 
 
 P. Myrsinites, Uak. A foot or two high, spreading: leaves often on the same plant from 
 liroiidly (■llipii<:il to oblong-ovate or subsjiatulate, slightly revolufe. nearly entire or crenidato 
 to sh;irpiy serrulate above, obtuse, G to exceptionally 20 lines long, the base rounded or 
 
398 CELASTRACE.E. Pachislima. 
 
 cuneate : peduncles and pedicels about A line long, the former 1- to mostly 3-flowered : fruit 
 narrowly ovoid, 4 Hues long. — Am. Monthly Mag. ii. 176, & Sylv. Tellur. 42; Gray, Troc, 
 Am. Acad. viii. 378, 624; Trelcase, 1. c. 354. Ilex ! Mijrsinites, I'ursh, Fl. i. 119. Miiyinda 
 myrtifolia, Nutt. Geu. i. 109; Iluok. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 120, t. 41. Oreophila myrtifolia, Nutt. 
 in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 239. — Brit. Columbia to California, New Mexico, and Colorado. 
 (Northern Mex.) 
 P. Canbyi, Grav. Trailing and rooting, the branches a span or two high: leaves narrowly 
 elliptical or exceptionally obovate, slightly revolute, 5 to 10 lines long, the upper lialf ser- 
 rulate, obtuse, the base rounded or subcuneate : peduncles and pedicels filiform, frequently 
 2 lines long: otherwise similar to the preceding. — Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 623; Meehan, 
 Native Flower.<, ser. 1, i. 173, t. 44; Cliapm. Fl. ed. 2, 613 ; Trelea.se, 1. c. 354. — Mountains 
 of Virginia. A specimen, unquestionably of this species, labelled Jacksonville, Florida, 
 Bremlel. 
 
 3. CELASTRUS, L. St.\ff-tree. (An ancient Greek name, of un- 
 certain application.) — Twining shrubs with terete glabrous stems, alternate ser- 
 rate pinnately veined ample petioled deciduous leaves with very minute stipules, 
 and rather ample terminal and often axillary somewhat pedunculate panicles or 
 racemes, drooping in fruit. — Gen. no. 168 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 257 ; Gray, Gen. 
 111. ii. 185, t. 170 ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 364 ; Baill. Hist. PI. vi. 36 ; Trelease, 
 Trans. St. Louis Acad. v. 352, 354 ; Losener in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. 
 iii. Ab. 5, 205, — Mostly of India and Eastern Asia, also reaching Australia and 
 Madagascar. 
 
 C. scandens, L. (Shrubby or Climbing Bitter-sweet.) Climbing to a considerable 
 lieiglit : the leaves more or less 2-rauked from torsion of the stem, ovate or exceptionally 
 obovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute at base, acuminate, low-serrate or crenate-serrate, glabrous, 
 2 to 4 inches long: pedicels articulated below the middle: fruit 6 lines in diameter, orange, 
 when dehiscent exposing the very showy crimson aril. — Spec. i. 196 ; Gaertn. Fruct. ii. 85, 
 t. 95; Schk. Handb. i. 153, t. 47 ; Nouv. Duham. vi. 110, t. 33 ; Loud. Arb. ii. .502, f. 171 ; 
 Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 257, 685 ; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 186, t. 170 ; Schnizl. Ic. iv. t. 236, f. 1, 12-14, 
 27 ; Emerson, Trees & Shrubs Mass. ed. 2, ii. 545, with plate ; Trelease, 1. c. 354 ; Dippel, 
 I. c. 482; liisener, 1. c. 191, f. 117 E. C. hulkitus, L. Spec. i. 196. Eiionymoides scandens, 
 Micnch, Metli. 70.— Canada and New England to South Dakota and New Mexico. 
 
 4. MAYTENUS, Mol. (Name from the Chilian word mat/ten.) — 8hrubs 
 with terete glabrous twigs, alternate mostly entire evergreen leaves with minute 
 and evanescent stipules, and reduced few-flowered axillary cymes shorter tlian 
 the leaves. — Mol. ace. to Juss. Gen. 449; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 364; Gri.seb. 
 Cat. PI. Cub. 53 ; Losener in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. 5, 205, & 
 Engl. Jahrb. xv. Beibl. no. 38, 6. Haenhea, Ruiz & Pav. Prodr. 36, t. 6. 
 Tricerma, Liebm. Vidensk. Meddel. 1853, 97. Monteverdia, A. Rich. Fl. Cub. 
 i. 346. — Of the tropical or subtropical American region. 
 
 M. phyllanthoides, Benth. Rather large shrub : leaves pale, thick, dull, obnvate, acute 
 at base, very obtuse or somewhat emarginate, entire or slightly repand above, glabrous, an 
 inch long, the petiole about a line long: flowers very short-stalked: capsule 4 to 6 lines 
 long, contracted at ba.se or substipitate, deep red, somewhat glaucous. — Bot. Sul])li. 54; 
 Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 47; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad., v. 155; Chapm. Fl. 77; Hemsl. Biol. 
 Centr.-Am. Bot. i. 189; Trelease, l". c. 355. Tricerma crassifolium, Liebm. Vidensk. Moddcl. 
 1853, 98. — Cape Sable, Pumpkin Key, Cedar Key.s and Key West, Florida. (Mex., Lower 
 Calif.) 
 
 5. G-YMINDA, Sargent. (Name by transposition from Mi/riinda.) — Shrub 
 or small tree with more or less 4-angled glabrous twigs, opposite nearly entire 
 
Schrffrria. CKLASTKACK.i:. 309 
 
 finii >Ii()rt-i)(ti()I(Ml leaves, and axillary fe\v-Ho\vere<l ryxwos shorter tliaii the leaves. 
 — Ganl, & For. iv. I, A: Silv. ii. 1.5; Lciseiier in Kn;,'l. & I'ranll, Nat. I'llaiizenf. 
 ill. Ab. 5, 217. Myyinda § Gi/minda, Griseb. Cat. PI. Cub. 50. — A sin;,'le 
 subtropical Anieriouii species. 
 
 G. Grisebachii, SAmiKsr. Leaves tliiik, jkiIc. oNovato, taporiiif; t<i a very short iietinle, 
 rounded above, ereiiulate to entire, jjlalirous, 1 to 2 inclies lonj; : iiitlorexeiice fjlalirous, 
 commonly shorter tlian tliu leaves, few-tiowered, the lateral j)edieelH slout and divtr;,'ent : 
 flowers greenish white: drupe l-2-seeded, 2 t(j 4 lines long, hluisli hlack. — (iar<l & For. iv. 
 4, & Silv. ii. 14, t. 54. Mi/</iinla intitjii folia, IIHlv. Nov. Gen. &, Spec. vii. 66; DC. I'rodr. 
 ii. 13 ; Griseb. 1. c. ; Sargent, IJot. (iaz. .\i. 314, & Gard. & For. ii. 3.')2 ; Treleawe, 1. c. 356 ; 
 not Lam. M. juiUens, Sargent, U. S. 10th Census, ix. 38, not Sm. M. ? latifilia, Chajmi. 
 F'l. 76; Trelease, 1. c. 356; not Swartz. — Florida Keys. (VV. Ind.) 
 
 6. RHACOMA, L. (A name of Pliny for the rhubarb ; the application to 
 the present genus not clear.) — Shrubs of various habit, ours with square or 
 4-lined glabrous or slightly downy twigs, rather small opposite entire to spiny- 
 margined leaves with minute stipules, and small axillary downy cymes. — Syst. 
 Nat. ed. 10, 896, & Gen. ed. 6, no. 144; Losener in p:ngl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflan- 
 zenf. iii. Ab. 5, 217. Myginda, Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 1 {Mycinda), 1 2 ; L. Gen. 
 ed. 6, no. 178. — Of the tropical and subtropical American region. 
 
 * Leaves puugently dentate. 
 
 R. ilicifolia, Trelease, n. comb. Low shrub, glabrate or puherulent : leaves thin but firm : 
 veiny, ovate, acute at both euds, 6 to 9 Hues long: inflorescence shorter tlian the leaves: 
 flowers red: drupe 2 or 3 lines long, 1-celled. — Mi/f/inda ilicifolia, I'oir. Diet. iv. 396; Tre- 
 lease, 1. c. 355. — Everglades and keys of Florida. ( W. Ind.) The toothing of the leaves is 
 much shallower than in Cuban specimens referred here, our plant being nearest to M. aijui- 
 folia, Griseb., as represented by \Vri</ht, no. 2210. 
 
 * * Leaves not at all pungent. 
 
 R. Crossopetalum, L. Small shrub, glabrate or slightly downy : leaves rather thin, 
 ovate or elliptical to mostly obovate, tapering to the short petiole, obtuse or emarginate, 
 sometimes mucroiiate, shallowly creuatc-serrate, less than an inch long: pedicels .^lender, 
 ascending, shorter than the leaves : flowers dark red : drupe 2 to 3 lines long, red, 1-2-celled. — 
 Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 896, & Amcen. Acad. v. 393. Mi/f/iiula liltacoma, Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. i. 340 ; 
 Griseb. Fl. W. Ind. 146; Chapm. Fl. 75; Trelease, 1. c. M. palleus, Trelease, I.e. (when 
 with 2-celled fruit). — Subtropical Florida and Florida Keys. (\V. Ind.) 
 
 7. SCH^FFfiRIA, Jacq. (Named after ,/. C. Schcrffer, a German nat- 
 uralist of the last century.) — Shrubs with glabrous closely ribbed sometimes 
 spinescent twigs, alternate firm rugose-veiny entire subsessile glabrous leaves, 
 often fascicled on spurs, with setaceous or abortive stipules, and small few-flowered 
 fascicles axillary or seeming as if terminal on the spurs. — Enum. PI. Carib. 10, 
 & Stirp. Am. 259; Benth. «& Hook. Gen. i. 3G7 ; Trelease, I. c. 356; Sargent, 
 Silv. ii. 15; Losener in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. 5, 210. — Of the 
 West Indian and Mexican region. 
 
 S. frutescens, Jacq. Small tree with rather slender zigzag green twigs: leaves elliptical 
 to spatulateclliiit>ical, acute at ba.se, at length 1 to 2 inches long, the apex variously acute 
 ormucronate: pedicels alxmt 3 lines long: drupe 2 lines long, red. mammillated, shortly 
 beaked. — Enum. Fl. Carib. 33, & Stirp. Am. 2.')9 ; L.am. 111. iii. 402, t. 809 ; Trele.ase, 1. c. 
 356; Sargent, Silv. ii. 17, t. 55. .*^. romplrta, Sw. Fl. Ind Occ. i. 327, t. 7. f. .\ (Sloane, .lam. 
 ii. t. 209. f. 1 ). -S'. hnxifolia, Nutt. Sylv. ii. 42, t. 30. — ,Mctacoml)e Key and Key West, Flor- 
 ida. (W. Ind.) 
 
400 CELASTRACE.E. Schceferla. 
 
 S. cuneifolia, Orat. Shmb, with rigid somewhat spiny gray twigs : leaves spatulate- 
 cuueate, rciuiKleil or eniargiuate at apex, half iuch long : pedicels a Hue lung or less : drupe 
 flattened and grooved: otherwise resembling the last. — PI. Wright, i. 35, ii. 29; Torr. But. 
 Mex. Bound. 47 ; Trelease, 1. c. 356. — New Mexico and W. Texas. (Mex.) 
 
 8. MORTONIA, Gray. (Named for Dr. S. G. Morton, an American 
 naturalist of the first half of the present century.) — Mostly intricately branched 
 shrubs with subterete often hispid twigs, very thick alternate small entire 1-nerved 
 revolute leaves with abortive stipules, and small cymes in the upper axils mostly 
 aggregated into a small terminal panicle. — PI. Wright, i. 34, ii. 28; Bentli. &, 
 Hook. Gen. i. 368 ; Trelease, Trans. St. Louis Acad. v. 356 ; Losener in Engl. 
 & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. 5, 218. — Of the Texano-Mexican region. 
 
 * Leaves elliptical, short. 
 
 M. sempervirens, Gkay. Leaves obtuse to subacute, entire, revolute, glabrous, smooth, 
 2 tu 3 lines lung, very short-petioled : peduncles a line or two loug, with 2 obtuse bracts 
 clo.se to the flower : fruit oblong, 3 Hues long, abruptly beaked. — PI. Wright, i. 35, t. 4, ii. 
 28; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 47; Trelea.se, 1. c. — W. Texas, Wricjht, Biijeiow. 
 
 M. SCabrella, Gray. Divaricately branched : twigs hispidulous : leaves obtuse to stout- 
 pointed, papillate-roughened, about 3 lines long: otherwise like the last. — PI. Wright, ii. 
 28 ; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 47 ; Trelease, 1. c. ; Losener in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. 
 iii. Ab. 5, 218, f. 127. — Arizona to S. W. Texas, along the Mexican line. A rather large 
 form, with large flower-clusters and leaves half inch long, is var. Utahensis, Coville, in herb., 
 from Utah and Nevada. 
 
 * * Leaves oblong-spatulate. 
 
 M. Greggii, Gray. Twigs puberulent: leaves mucronate or acuminate, glabrous, minutely 
 punctate, half inch to inch long and 2 lines wide, tapering to a short petiole : fruit shorter, 
 stout. — PI. Wright, i. 35 ; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 47 ; Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 336 ; 
 Trelease, I.e. — Northern Mexico, perhaps extending into the United States. M. effusn, 
 Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xxxi. 453, based on Berlandier's collections, if separable, differs 
 in its thinner and rather broader less revolute leaves. The other Mexican species, M. 
 Palmeri, Hemsl. Diagn. PI. Nov. pars alt. 24, frequently confounded with M. Gregqii, if 
 really separable, differs in its narrower leaves, which are half inch long, a line wide, very 
 thick, and more revolute. 
 
 9. GLOSSOPETALON, Gray. (Name from yX«o-o-a, tongue, and 
 TreVaXov, petal, because of the shape of these members.) — Small shrubs with 
 angled green nearly or quite glabrous often spinescent twigs, small entire alter- 
 nate leaves with setaceous stipules adnate to the dilated often red or purple base 
 of the petioles, and subsolitary axillary flowers shorter than the leaves. — PI. 
 Wright, ii. 29, t. 12, f. B; Baill. Hist. PI. vi. 42. Glossopetalum, Benth. & 
 Hook. Gen. i. 368 ; Losener in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. 5, 219 ; 
 not Schreber. Forsellesia, Greene, Erythea, i. 206. — Of the Western Moun- 
 tain region. 
 
 G. spinescens, Gray. Low intricately branched .spinescent shrub : leaves glaucous, gla- 
 brous to i)uberulent, oblanceolate, tapering to a petiole about 1 line long that is gradually 
 dilated below and often with minute setaceous adnate stipules, acute, 3 or 4 lines long, and 
 about a line wide : pedicels equalling the leaves : flowers mostly .5-rherous: stamens 10: 
 fruit ovoid, usually curved to one side, acute, finely striate.— PI. Wright, ii. 29, t. 12, f. B, 
 PI. Thurb. 299, & Proc. Am. Acad. xi. 73 ; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 47, & Pac. R. Rep. iv. 74 ; 
 Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 109 ; L(isener, 1. c. 219, f. 128. FoisrUfala spinr.trrris, Greene-, 
 1. c. 206. — Snake River, Oregon, Cusic/c, to W. Texas, and the Mojave Desert, California, 
 Parish. 
 
llippocratca. Kll AM X AC'E.E. 401 
 
 Var. meionandrum, I'kki.kask, h. comh. Stamons 5 to 7 : otherwiso very like the 
 txjH'. — a. nil imntndniin, Koeliiie, GarteiiH. xliii. 237, f. 52. — h>. Colorado, I'lirjiun. 
 G. Nevadense, (iuw. Isually miiiutoly |)iil)CTulc'iit: leaves elliptic4il, a little lunger than 
 in the last, 2 or 3 lines wide, the hroatl stipiiiiferous hase abrupt : HowerH 4-nierou8 : ntainens 
 8. — I'roi-. Am. Acad. xi. 73; Brew. & Wats. liot. Calif, i. 109. ForHellesia Necademit, 
 Greene, 1. e. 2()G. — Waslioe (Jouiity, Nevada. 
 
 10. HIPPOCRATfiA, I.. (Named for ///>;jocra/e«, the Greek physician 
 and natunili.st.) — C'liLubiii"^ sliriil)s with prehensile twigs, opjiosite ereiiate ample 
 short-petioletl deciduous leaves with minute sti[)ules, an<l Mowers in small dirhoto- 
 mous axillary cymes. — Syst. Nat. ed. 1, «fe Gen. uo. '.)08 ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. 
 i. 301) ; Peyritsch in Mart. Fl. Bras. xi. pt. 1, 127; Bail!. IIi>t. I'i. vi. \:> ; 
 Loseuer, 1. c. 226. — Mostly of the tropics of both continents. 
 
 H. OVata, L.\m. Climbing to a consideralile heiglit : leaves thin, elliptic-ovate, obtuse or 
 blunt-pointed, glabrou.s 1^ to 2^ inches long ; the petioles 2 or 3 lines long: Howers alni<i8t 
 sessile, somewhat rusty-pubescent : valves of capsule I^ inches long, elliptical, obtuse, closely 
 parallel-veined. — 111. i. 100, t. 28; Trelease, 1. c. 357; Loseuer, I.e. f. 130, a-d. — Ever 
 glades and Keys of Florida. (\V. lud.) 
 
 Order XLIL RHAMNACE^. 
 
 By W. Trklkase. 
 
 Woody plants, sometimes spinose or climbing. Leaves alternate or opposite, 
 simple, not lobed, or slightly lobed in some forms of Condalia, entire, denticulate 
 or serrate, not glandular-punctate (but sometimes with surface glands below), 
 with small or caducous stipules. Flowers in reduced axillary cymes or occasion- 
 ally subspicate or thyrsoid, small, mostly greenish, perfect or occasionally dioecious 
 by abortion (in some species of Rhamnus and Gouania), 4— 5-merous, w ith a con- 
 spicuous disk lining a short calyx-tube and sometimes adnate to the ovary. Calyx- 
 segments valvate, usually cristate down the inner face, often deciduous. Petals 
 distinct, inserted on the calyx near the margin of the disk, or in some genera 
 wanting, short-clawed, hooded or with incurved margins. Stamens as many as 
 and alternate with the calyx-lobes, hence in front of and mostly embraced by the 
 petals when these are present, distinct, inserted at or below the margin of the 
 disk ; anthers short, versatile, 2-celled, on more or less elongated filaments. 
 Pistil compound, 2-3-celled, or 1 -celled by abortion, sometimes lobed; ovules 
 anatropous, 1 or rarely 2 in each cell ; style evident, terminal, mostly notched or 
 lobed, with lateral stigmas. Fruit drupaceous, sometimes dry at maturity, or 
 septicidally capsular, the cocci or segments 1-seeded and frecpiently indehiscent ; 
 seeds not arillate, generally with scanty oily albumen ; embryo straight (some- 
 what curved in Retpiosia), usually with broad occasionally green cotyledons. — 
 The tribes readily separable, but the genera often scarcely distinguishable by 
 technical characters alone, though usually differing in habit, inflorescence, or 
 venation of leaves. 
 
 TiuiiK I. ZIZYPHK.E. I.oIm^s of calyx deciduous (except in one section of Con- 
 dalia); disk lining tlic sliallow calyx-tiilie, nearly or quite free from the ovary. 
 
402 RHAMXACE.E. Comlalia. 
 
 Fruit drupaceous, mostly fleshy and often edible, with a single l-l-celled stone 
 enclosing as many seeds, or 1-seeded by abortion ; seed-coats membranaceous. 
 * Embryo relatively large ; albumen not rumiuated. 
 •t— A siugle ovule in each cell. 
 
 1. CONDALIA. Apetalous or with hooded clawed petals. Style notched or somewhat 
 2-.'5-l(iheii, its base persisting ou the incompletely 2-celled fruit. 
 
 2. RHAMNIDIUM. Apetalous (iu our species). Style 2-lobed, its base persisting on the 
 1 -celled fruit. 
 
 3. MICRORHAMNUS. I'etals hooded, clawed. Style notched, disarticulating close to 
 tlie small 1-celIcd fruit. 
 
 4. BERCHEMIA. Petals acute, with incurved margins, clawless. Style slightly 2-lobed, 
 deciduous close to the elongated 2-celled fruit. 
 
 •t— ^— Two ovules in each cell. 
 
 5. KARWINSKIA. Petals hooded, very short-clawed. Style slightly 2-3-lobed, forming 
 a beak on the 2- or incom{)letely 4-celled fruit. 
 
 * * Embryo small, within copious ruminated albumen. 
 
 6. REYNOSIA. Apetalous. Style somewhat 2-lobed, its base persistent on tlie large 
 1-celled fruit. 
 
 Tribe II. RHAMNE^. Lobes of calyx deciduous (except in Sacjeretia and one 
 species of Colubrina); disk lining the calyx-tube, or both adherent to the ovary. 
 Fruit drupaceous or becoming dry, enclosing 2 to 4 nutlets or cocci; seed-coats 
 mostly liard. 
 
 * Fruit flesliy, free from the calyx. 
 
 7. SAGERETIA. Calyx shallow. Petals hooded and clawed. Style short, 3-lobed. 
 
 8. RHAMNUS. Tube of calyx rather deep. Petals small and clawless, or wanting. Style 
 rather elongated, 2-lol)ed. 
 
 * * Fruit becoming nearly or quite dry, partly inferior. 
 
 9. CEANOTHUS. Calyx-lobes petaloid. Petals large for the order, hooded and long- 
 clawed, often spreading away from the stamens. Style mostly elongated and 3-lobed. 
 Inflorescence usually compound and thyrsoid. 
 
 10. COLUBRINA. Calyx not petaloid. Petals small, sessile, surrounding the stamens. 
 Flowers in small axillary umbels. 
 
 Tribe III. COLLETIE^E. Lobes of calyx persistent ; disk lining the cup-shapeMl 
 
 calyx-tube, mostly investing, but free from, the lower half of the ovary. Fruit 
 
 dry, enclosing 3 cocci. 
 ll.ADOLPHIA. Petals hooded. Style short, notched. Anthers introrsely dehiscent by 
 
 an arcuate line. 
 Tribe IV. GOUANTE^. Lobes of calyx persistent, the often star-shaped disk 
 
 joining its tube to the entire surface of the ovary. Fruit dry, 3-winged. 
 12. GOUANIA. Petals hooded. Fruit separating through the wings into 3 indehiscent 2- 
 
 winged segments. 
 
 1. CONDALIA, Cav. (Named in lienor of Antotiio Condal, a Spanish 
 physician, who accompanied Loefling on his journey up the Orinoco.) — Shrubs or 
 trees with mostly divaricate and often spiny twigs, alternate mostly entire some- 
 times 3-nerved rather small leaves with minute stipules, and sessile or short-pe- 
 duncled umbel-like axillary cymes. — An. Hist. Nat. Madrid, i. 39 ; Brongn. Mem. 
 Rhamn. 48, & Ann. Sci. Nat. x. 355 ; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 171, t. 104; Benth. & 
 Hook. Gen. i. 376 ; Baill. Hist. PI. vi. 82 ; Trelease, Trans. St. Louis Acad. v. 
 
Comlulia. KIIA.MNACK.E. 403 
 
 361 ; Weberbauer in Engl. & Priintl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. 5, 404 (including 
 Zizyphus of writers on North Anicritan botany). — Of the warmer regions of 
 the New World. 
 
 ♦ Apetalous: sepiiLs persistent: placenta 1 ; stvlcs slif,'htly 'i-.l-l-jlied. — § Eucoiidalin. 
 
 C. Obovata, Hook. Small tree, velvety-pui)esceiit or at lenfjtii j,'lat>rate, tlie somewhat 
 aiigluti t\vij;s with white flaking epidermis : leaves drying brown or Idaek alMjve, at lengtii 
 glabrous, spatuhite to obovato, loug-euueate, mostly mucronate and entire, minutely huI>- 
 revolute, short-petioled, 6 to 12 lines long: Howers very short-stalked: drui)e subgloi»ose, 2 
 to 3 lines iu diameter ; the short stout style disarticulating at al)ont the middle; stigma 3- 
 lobed. — Ic. t. 287 ; Torr. & (iray, Kl. i. 685 : Gray, Cwu. 111. ii. 172. t. 1C,4 ; Treleasc, 1. c. 
 361 ; Sargent, Silv. ii. 25, t. 57 ; Weberbauer, 1. c. — Central and S. Texas. (Mex.) 
 
 C. Mexicana, Scni.KtiiT. In asjjcct somewhat intermediate between the preceding and 
 following, mostly jiersistently dingy-velvety: leaves short-villous, obovate or oblancecdate, 
 acute below, almo.st sessile, about 3 lines long: flowers nearly sessile: drupe ellipsoidal, 2 
 to 3 lines long ; style short, disarticulating at abont the middle. — Linna-a, x.v. 471 ; Trelease, 
 1. c. 362. — S. Arizona. (Mex.) Specimens from Sau Julio Canon, Lower Calif., BrandHjee, 
 have elongated fruit 3 lines long, and large obovate mucronate to deeply emarginate long- 
 decnrrent glabrous leaves, as in the preceding, but pass into the type through Mexican speci- 
 mens, ('li'irj, no. 795. 
 
 C. Spathulata, Ghay. Shrnl), mostly velvety, the twigs reddish with prninose incrusta- 
 tions: leaves typically smaller, narrowly spatulate, cuneate, acute to emartrinate. green on 
 both sides, glabrous or velvety, thick, with few broad veins, very short-petioled, 3 to scarcely 
 6 lines long : pedicels a line long : drujje obli(juely ovoid, 2 lines long, the slender style dis- 
 articulating near the einl ; stigma 2-lobed. — I'l. Wright, i.32, ii.27 ; Torr. Hot. Mex. Bound. 
 47 ; Trelease, 1. c. 362 ; Weberbauer, 1. c. — S. "W. Texas to Mesquite, California, Parish, 
 no. 793. (Mex.) 
 * * I'etals present : sepals deciduous: placentae 2; style bifid. Zizi/i>hus of most writers 
 
 on North American botany. — § Coudaliopsis. 
 ■i- Umbels on a short peduncle : calyx fleshy : drupe beakless, with a thin-walled stone. 
 
 C. Obtusifolia, Weberbauer, 1. c. Mastly rigid and spinose, somewhat pubescent to gla- 
 brate, the angled twigs with prninose flaking epidermis : leaves sometimes glabrescent, 
 ty])icallv thin and green, spatulate to elliptical or ovate-deltoid on long shoots, acute to 
 emarginate, entire or the broader forms unecpiaily and coarsely serrate or almost lobed, 3 
 to 12 lines long, mostly 3-norve(i : peduncle and pedicels each about a line long, mostly vil- 
 lous, like the calyx: drupe subglobose, 4 lines in diameter. — AVK/mn»s ? obtiisl/olius, Hook, 
 in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 685; Scheele, Linna;a, xxi. 595. Zizi/plius obtusifolia. Gray, Gen. 
 111. ii. 170, t. 163, & PI. Lindh. pt. 2, 168; Trelease, 1. c. 362. Puliurus Texanus, Scheele, 
 Linna^a, xxi. 594. — S. Texas. (Northern Mex.) 
 
 C. lycioid.es, Wererbaiter, 1. c. Very rigid and spinose, the striate zigzag twigs whitened : 
 leaves subglabrous, rather thin, pale, oblong or occasionally ovate, obtu.se or emarginate, 
 u.'tuallv entire, 6 lines h)ng or less: drupes as iu the la.st or somewhat eluugated. — Zizifphtis 
 llirinldes. Gray, PI. Lindh. pt. 2, 168 ; Trelease, 1. c. 363. — S. W. Texas. (.Mex.) 
 
 Var. canescens, Theleask, n. comb. More hairy, with green-gray twigs, the 
 mostly tomento.se leaves thicker and usually broader, elliptical to ov.ite-delioid, entire, 
 denticulate or somewhat .3-lol)ed. — Z/cy/i/n/.s li/cioide.;, var. rtincsniis, tJray in Hothrock, 
 Wheeler Rep. vi. 82; Trelease. 1. c 363. — S. E. Arizona to Mammoth Tank, California, 
 Prinfj/p & Parish, no. 1181. (Lower Calif.) In aspect of foliage connecting this species 
 with the preceding. 
 
 +_ ^_ Umbels sessile: calyx-segments tbinner, le,*s keeled within: drupe larger, beaked, 
 nearly dry, with a thick-walled hard and bony kernel. 
 
 C. Parryi, Wi:nERi5AtEi!, 1. c. Flexnously much branched and slender-spiny, glabrous 
 throughout: twigs less .sulcate, scarcely incrustcd : leaves mo.stly fa.scided, green, glci.>v«;y. at 
 length firm, reticulate-veiny, obovate to elliptical, 4 to 6 lines long, tapering to slender peti- 
 oles of e(jual length : pedicels very slender, 2 or 3 lines long, becoming twice as long and 
 
404 RIIAMXACE.E. RliamnHlium. 
 
 recurved in fruit : ilrnpe ovoid, 7 lines long. — Zizi/phus Parryt, Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 
 46 ; Brew. & W;it. Bot. Calif, i. 99 ; Trelease, 1. c; Kellogg, W. Am. Sci. vii. 64, fig. — 
 S. California. (Lower Calif, and adj. ids.) 
 
 2. RHAMNIDIUM, Reiss. (Name from pa/Avos, the buckthorn, and e'So?, 
 form.) — Shrubs or small trees with thornless twigs often roughened by promi- 
 nent leuticels, mostly subopposite firm entire pinnately veined medium-sized 
 leaves with minute stipules, and short-peduncled axillary cymes. — Reiss. in 
 Mart. Fl. Bras. xi. pt. 1, 94; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 378; Baill. Hist. PI. 
 vi. 74 ; Sargent, Silv. ii. 27. — Of the tropical American region, ours from the 
 West Indies and differing from the representative Brazilian species in its apetalous 
 flowers, firmer stone, etc. 
 
 R. ferreum, Sakgent. (Black Irox-wood.) Small tree : twigs somewhat velvety : leaves 
 broadly elliptical, emarginate and mucronate, entire or wavy, minutely subrevolute, tliiu but 
 coriaceous, glossy above, glabrous except for the short petiole and upper surface of midrib, 
 paler beneath, drying very darii, 12 to 18 lines long: ])eduncle a line long, short-forked, the 
 pedicels becoming 2 or 3 lines long in fruit : drupe globose-ovoid ; style short, forked nearly 
 to the middle. — Card. & For. iv. 16, & Silv. ii. 29, t. 58. Rhamnus ferreus, Vahl, Symb. 
 pt. 3, 41, t. 58. Mjiginda inte(jri/olia. Lam. Diet. iv. 396. Zlzyphus emaniinatus, Sw. Fl. Ind. 
 Occ. iii. 1954. Ceanothus ferreus, DC. Prodr. ii. 30. Scutia ferrea, Brongn. Mem. Bhamn. 
 56, & Ann. Sci. Nat. x. 363. Condalia ferrea, Griseb. Fl. W. Ind. 100; Gray, Bot. Gaz. iv. 
 208; Chapm. FL ed. 2, 612; Eggers, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 13, 40; Trelease, 1. c. 362. 
 Sarcomphalus 1 ferreus, Weberbauer, 1. c. 405. — S. Florida and Florida Keys. ( W. Ind.) 
 
 3. MICRORHAMNUS, Gray. (Name from /ttKpo's, small, and pdfxvo<;, 
 the buckthorn, because of the minute leaves.) — Small intricately branched very 
 spiny shrub with alternate fascicled entire 1-nerved small heath-like revolute 
 leaves with minute stipules, and solitary axillary flowers. — PI. Wright, i. 33 ; 
 Benth. «& Hook. Gen. i. 376 ; Trelease, Trans. St. Louis Acad. v. 360, 363 ; 
 Weberbauer in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. 5, 405. — A single 
 species. 
 
 M. ericoides, Gray. Glabrous or exceptionally minutely puberulent : leaves elliptical, acute, 
 revolute to the broad midrib, the enclosed grooves densely short-tomentose, 1 to 3 lines long, 
 sessile ; stipules broadly triangular, ciliate ; pedicels about a line long : drupe oblong, 3 or 
 4 lines long, the slender style disarticulating from its abruptly pointed summit. — PI. 
 Wright, i. 34, ii. 28 ; Torr. & Gray, Pacif. R. Rep. ii. 162 ; Trelease, 1. c. 363. — W. Texas. 
 (Northern Mex.) 
 
 4. BERCH^MIA, Neck. (Name of unknown derivation, but supposed 
 to be personal.) — Shrubs or small trees (ours twining) with spineless twigs, al- 
 ternate thin entire piimately veined ample slender-petioled leaves, minute stipules, 
 and rather loose more or less leafy terminal panicles. — Elem. Bot. ii. 1 22 ; 
 Brongn. Mem. Rhamn. 49, & Ann. Sci. Nat. x. 356; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 173; 
 Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 377 ; Baill. Hist. PI. vi. 78 ; Trelease, Trans. St. Louis 
 Acad. V. 360, 363 ; Weberbauer in p:ngl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. 5, 40o. 
 Oenoplea, Hedw. f. Gen. i. 151. Oenoplia, Schult. vSyst. v. 332. — Of the Asiatic 
 region, one species African, and ours peculiar to Eastern North America. 
 
 B. volubilis, DC. (Supple Jack.) Climbing over trees to a great height, glabrous 
 throughout : leaves ovate, acute or narrowly acuminate-cuspidate, undulate and .slightly 
 revolute, an inch or two long: drupe blue, ellipsoidal, 4 lines long, the style deciduous near 
 the base. — Prodr. ii. 22 ; Brongn. Mem. Rhamn. 50, & Ann. Sci. Nat. x. 357 ; Torr. & Gray, 
 
Sar/cretia. KII A M \ A( K.i:. 405 
 
 Fl. i. 260, 685 ; London, Arh. ii. 528, f. 196; Gray, Oen. 111. ii. 174, t. 165 ; Trele.ai»e, I. c. 
 363. B. sniudiiis, 'rrelcji.sc, 1. c. 3G4 ; Hritton, Mem. Torr. C'lul), v. TJO ; Wcberl.aucr, 1. v. 
 406, f. I'jy 1)-G. Il/i(iiiiiius scaiidciis, Hill, llort. Kew. 453, t. 20. & Vcg. SvHt. xiv, 64, t. 17. 
 II ivlithilis, L. f. Siii)i)l. 152 ; .]iu-(|. Ic. Kar. ii. 12, t. 336; L'ller. Scrt. Angl. 5. Zi:yj,hu» 
 voliibilis, Willd. Spec. i. 1 102. — Virginia to Central Texas and Florida. 
 
 5. KARWiNSKIA, Zucc. (Named in honor of Baron Kunriitsh/, :i 
 Bavarian traveller.) — Shrubs or small trees with .spint-lcss branches, mostly sub- 
 opposite entire pinnately veined black-punctate ample rather thin leaves with 
 minute stipules, and flowers in short-peduneled axillary clusters. — Abh. Akad. 
 Miinchen, i. ;34t) ; Henth. & Hook. Gen. i. .'J77 ; Baill. Hist. PI. vi. 7/) ; Trelease, 
 Trans. St. Louis Acad. v. 3G0, 304; "VVeberbauer in Kngl. <Si I'nintl. Nat. Pllan- 
 zenf. iii. Ab. 5, 405. — Of the Mexican region. 
 
 K. Humboldtiana, Zrcc. 1. c. 353. Shrub or small tree: twigs glabrescent : leaves 
 niiuly as in Bdc/nmiii, elliptic-ovate, rounded or subcordate at base, obtu.se, mucronate or 
 long-acute, entire or undulate, nio.-*tly glabrous, slightly paler and with some snuill black 
 glandular dots bcneatli, 1 to 3 indies long, their slender jjetiolcs usually about one third a.s 
 long, but soinctinies greatly reduced : peduncle a line long or less, few-Huwered ; j)edicels of 
 equal length, both elongating in fruit: drupe ovoid, apiculate, 6 lines long; .style articulated 
 near the top. — Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 100; Trelea,se, 1. c. 364. K. gland nlosa, Zucc. 
 1. c. 351, t. 16, & Flora, xv. pt. 2, Beild. 71. A', affinis, Schlecht. Linnica, xv. 460. K. bini- 
 flora, Schlecht. 1. c. R/uimuus umbelldlus, Cav. Ic. vi. 2, t. 504. Ii. Iliimboldtianus, U(vm. & 
 Schult. Sy.st. V. 295; HBK. Nov. Gen. & Spec. vii. 52, t. 618. — Southwestern border of 
 Tex;is. (.Mcx., Lower Calif.) 
 
 6. REYNOSIA, Griseb. (Named for Dr. Alvaro Reynoso, a Cuban 
 chemist of the middle of the present century.) — Shrubs or small trees with thorn- 
 less twigs, mostly opposite coriaceous entire pinnately veined medium-sized ever- 
 green Jeaves with minute stipules, and sessile axillary umbels, — Cat. PI. Cul). 
 33; Eggers, Vidensk. Meddel. 1877, 173; Trelease, Trans. St. Louis A<ad. 
 V. 3G0, 364; Sargent, Silv. ii. 19; Weberbauer in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Ptian- 
 zenf. iii. Ab. 5, 405. — Of the West Indian region. 
 
 R. latifolia, Griskh. 1. c. 34. Small tree, glabrous or the twigs at first slightly puberulent : 
 leaves broadly elliptical, spatulate-oblong, or obovate, rounded at both ends, enuirginate and 
 commonly mucronate, entire, slightly revolute, very thick, often j)aler or reddish beneath 
 and with a thick miilrib, finely reticulate, 6 to 18 lines long, on short tliick petioles: flowers 
 appearing with the new leaves: pedicels from 2 becoming 4 lines long: fruit ellipsoid.il. 6 
 lines long, short-beaked. — Fggers, Vidensk. Meddel. 1877, 173, t. 2, & Bull. U. S. Nat. 
 Mus. no. 13, 40; Gray, Bot. Gaz. iv. 208; Chapm. Fl. ed. 2, 612; Trele.ise, 1. c. 364; 
 Sargent, Silv. ii. 21, t. 56, & Gard. & For. iv. 15. — .Miami and the Keys of l-'lorida. (Malia- 
 mas, W. Ind.) 
 
 7. SAGER^TIA, P.rongn. (Named for Augiistin Sageret, a French 
 liorticulturist and vegetable physiologist.) — Trailing, scrambling, or spreading 
 shrubs with spiny divaricate twigs, mostly obliquely opposite often serrulate jiin- 
 nately veined glossy leaves of medium size with minute stipules, and nearly 
 sessile flowers forming interrupted axillary spikes often aggregated into rigid 
 compound clusters at ends of the branches. — M^m. Rhamn. 52, & Ann. 
 Sci. Nat. X. 359; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 175; r.enth. & Hook. Gen. i. 37:t : 
 Baill. Hist. PI. vi. 79; Trelease, Trans. St. L..uis Acad. v. 'MW. -MM; 
 Weberbauer in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. 5, 40S. — Mostly of 
 the Asiatic region. 
 
406 RIIAMNACE.E. Sofferelia. 
 
 S. Michauxii, Broxgn. Trailing or scrambling: twigs somewhat angled, becoming te- 
 rete, at tiist toiuentose : leaves ovate, mostly cordate, acute or acuminate, somewhat mucro- 
 uate, incurvcd-serrulate or ou lax shoots sharply serrate; the larger about 1^ inches long, 
 their tomentose petioles 1 or 2 lines long ; veins beueatii and occasionally tiie surface some- 
 what tomentose : inflorescence at length am])le, loose, leafless above, terminating the upper 
 branches, the lower spikes spreading from tlie axils of the ui)perniost foliar leaves : flowers 
 very fragrant : fruit 4 lines long, sessile. — Mem. Klianin. .53, & Ann. Sci. Nat. x. 3G0 ; 
 Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 263 ; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 176, t. 166 ; Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. xx. 358; 
 Trelease, 1. c. 367. Rham7ius minutiflorus, Michx. Fl. i. 154; Nutt. Gen. i. 152; Pursh, Fl. 
 i. 166; Ell. Sk. i. 289; DC. Prodr. ii. 27. Afarca parviflora, Raf. Silv. Tellur. 30. 
 Segregatia Michauxii, Wood, Cla.ss-Book, ed. of 1861, 292. — South Carolina to Alabama, 
 around the coast. 
 
 S. "Wrightii, Watson. Shrubby, as much as ten feet high : leaves elliptical or obovate, 
 not cordate, glabrescent, half inch to nearly an inch long : inflorescence often simpler, 
 with mostly short lateral branches. — Proc. Am. Acad. xx. 358; Trelease, 1. c. 367. — 
 W. Texas to tlie Sta. Rita Mountains of Arizona. (Northern Mex., Lower Calif.) 
 
 8. RHAMNUS, Tourn. Buckthorn. ('Pa/ivos, the ancient Greek name 
 of the Buckthorn.) — Shrubs or small trees, mostly spineless, with alternate, 
 obliquely opposite or opposite, entire to serrulate or pungently toothed pinnately 
 veined mostly thin and ample leaves with often lanceolate but caducous stipules, 
 and small sometimes dioecious flowers solitary in the lower axils or in sessile or 
 peduncled axillary umbels. — Inst. 593, t. 366 ; L. Gen. no. 165 ; Brongn. Mem. 
 llhamn. 53, & Ann. Sc. Nat. x. 362 ; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 179 ; Benth. & Hook. 
 Gen. i. 377 ; Baill. Hist. PI. vi. 74 ; Trelease, Trans. St. Louis Acad. v. 361, 365 ; 
 Sargent, Silv. ii. 31 ; "VVeberbauer in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. Ah. 
 5, 409. — Includes Frangula, sometimes kept apart. Cosmopolitan but chiefly of 
 the north-temperate zone. 
 
 * Flowers mostly polygamo-dicecious, appearing nearly with the leaves, without a common 
 peduncle: seeds grooved down the back (except in R. ulnifolia), the rhaphe lying in the 
 groove ; cotyledons relatively thin, curved with the seed : winter buds scaly. 
 •i— Leaves firm though rather thin, evergreen, often pungently tootlied : flowers 4-merous : 
 fruit red, the mostly 2 cocci widely dehiscent on the inner angle. 
 R. crocea, Nutt. Spreading shrub or rarely arborescent, with rather rod bark : twigs di- 
 varicate, puberulent or glabrescent, often ending in blunt spines: leaves alternate or fas- 
 cicled, glossy, mostly bronzed beneath, glabrous or somewhat puberulent on the petiole and 
 midrib beneath, nearly round to broadly ovate or elliptical, emarginate tomucronate-acumi- 
 nate, glandular-dentate or bidenticulate, 3 to 12 lines, their petioles 1 or 2 lines long: 
 flowers mostly apetalous : fruit 2 or 3 lines long : pedicels at length 1 to 2 or exceptionally 
 3 lines long. — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 261 ; Jour. Hort. Soc. London, vi. 217, with fig. ; 
 Wats. Cat. PI. Wheeler, 7, & Proc Am. Acad. xi. 114; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 100; 
 M. K. Curran, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, i. 251 ; Trelease, 1. c. 365 ; Sargent, Card. & For. 
 ii. 364, & Silv. ii. 33, t. 59. R. ilici/olia, Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ii. 37. — California, from 
 Mariposa County southward, chiefly in the Coast Range. (Lower Calif.) 
 
 Var. insularis, Sargent, is an arborescent form differing in its grayer bark, larger 
 less toothed leaves, longer flowers and fruit (commonly 3 lines long), and said to flower six 
 weeks later than the ordinary form. — Gard. & For. ii. 364, & Silv. ii.34, t. 60. R. insularis, 
 Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. ii. 392, & Pittonia, i. 201. R. pirifolia, Greene, Pittonia, iii. 
 15. — Islands of California and Lower California from Sta. Barbara southward, also about 
 San Diego. 
 
 Var. pilosa, Trelease, is a form with the mostly larger, toothed' leaves, and the 
 inflorescence, strikingly gray-velvety. — Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, i. 251, & Trans. St. 
 Louis Acad. v. 365; Sargent, Silv. ii. 33. — San Diego County, California, passing into the 
 ty]ie through Arizona specimens, Palmer, Jones. 
 
R/iamHus. RIIAMNACE.E. 407 
 
 •4 — I— Leaves deciduous, never i)Uii;;eiit : fruit bttoiiiiiig iicurl v lilack ; cocci at nioht tardily 
 deiiisceut. 
 
 ++ I'etali) present : flowers mostly 4-nierous. 
 
 = Long shoots ending in spines: leaves suboj)[x)8ite. 
 R. catiiArtica, L. Becoming a small rough-l»arked tree witli glaltmus mottled twigs : leaves 
 broadly elliptical to sul)Ovate, somewhat acute at base, often Idunt-ixjinted, crenulate or 
 serrulate, more or less pubescent on the veins beneath (some of the veins running to the 
 apex), 1 to 2 inches long, on slender petioles: flowers ajipearing shortly after the leaves, 
 mostly solitary in the lower axils: jjcdicels glabrous, 3 f)r 4 lines long: carjjels 3 or 4 : 
 groove of seed deep and narrow. — Spec. i. 19:5; Hrongn. Mc'm. Hbamii. 7fi, t. 2, f. 4 ; Torr. 
 & (Jray, Fl. i. 261 ; Nutt. Silv. ii. 53; Millspaugh, Med. I'l. i. t. 41 ; Treleaxe, 1. c. 365.— 
 A hedge plant, escaping somewhat in the East, said to be abun<iaiit in \'irginia, Vunhy. 
 (Introd. from Old World.) 
 = = Not spinose : leaves 4-ranked iu iuterruj)ted decussate j)airs, or on leaders unifijrmly 
 
 distributed. 
 R. lanceolata, Pirsh. Tall shrub : the gray brauchlets pubcrulent or glabratc : leaves 
 lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, rounded or acute at base, from rounded Itecoming blunt-jiointed 
 wlieii grown, minutely incurved-serrulate, finely piuuately veined, from golden-pul)erulent 
 becoming mostly glabrous at least above, 1 to 3 iuches long, short-petioled : flowers appear- 
 ing with the leaves, 2 or 3 in each of the lower axils : pedicels at length glabrescent, 1 to 
 3 lines long: carpels 2 : seed with a broad open groove. — Fl. i. 166; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 
 261 ; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 180, t. 168; Trelease, 1. c. 365; Greene, Erythea, iv. 85. Ii' Short ii, 
 Nutt. Jour. Acad. Philad. vii. 91. A*, purvifolius, Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 202. R. Smithii, Greene, 
 Pittonia, iii. 17, &. Erythea, iv. 1.34. — Pennsylvania to Colorado, Central Texas, and 
 Alabama. 
 
 ++ ++ Apetalous : flowers 5-merous : seeds scarcely grooved : twigs not spinose. 
 R. alnifolia, L'IIkr. Lowsiuub: the gray or mottled branches mostly pubcrulent : leaves 
 elliptical, obtuse to mostly acuminate, more coarsely incurved-serratc or biserrate, with 
 coarse upcurved veins, soon glabrate except for some veins, 1 to mostly 4 inches long : 
 flowers appearing nearly with the leaves, solitary or 2 or 3 together in the lower a.xils : 
 pedicels glabrate, 1 to 4 lines long: carpels 3: seed flat, with flat thin cotyledons. — Sert. 
 Angl. 5 ; Guirap. Otto & Hayue, Abbild. llolzart. 77, t. 61 ; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Ain. i. 122, t. 42 ; 
 Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 262 ; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 180 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 100 ; Trelea.<e, 
 Lc. 366; Greene, Erythea, iv. 86. A'. /W»H^((/o(Wes, Michx. i'l. i. 153 ; Pursii, Fl. i. 166. Gir- 
 tanneria aini/o/ia, & G. franguloidex, Raf. Sylv. Tellnr. 28. — Swamps, Maine to Brit. 
 Columbia, south to New Jersey in the East, and iu the West to Wyoming, Oregon, and the 
 mountains of Northern California. 
 «t * Flowers mostly perfect, appearing after the leaves, most of the umbels pedunculate : 
 
 fruit becoming nearly idack ; cocci at most tardily dehiscent ; seeds notched at base, not 
 
 grooved, with lateral rhaphe ; cotyledons thick and fleshy : winter buds naked, hairy : 
 
 leaves alternate. — § Frangula. 
 
 R, Caroliniana, Walt. Tall shrub or small tree witli more or less pubcrulent gray or 
 re<ldish often mottled twigs: leaves oblong-elliptical, mostly acute or acuminate, minutely 
 revolute, entire to remotely and obscurely low-serrate or crenulate, coarsely pinnately 
 veined and sometimes with conspicuous transverse connecting veinlcts, pul)erulent below or 
 glal)rescent, 2 to 5 inches long, firm, sometimes glossy, short-])etioled, deciduous: peduncle 
 1 to 4 lines long, not exceeding the petioles; i>edicels 2 or 3 lines long, both usually hairy : 
 flowers 5-merous : carpels 3. — Car. 101 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 262 ; Nutt. Sylv. ii. 50, t. 59 : 
 Trelease, 1. c. 366 ; Sargent, Silv. ii. 35, t. 61 ; fJreene, Erythea, iv. 135. Frangula Jragilis, 
 Raf. Fl. Ludov. 97. F. Caroliniana, Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 178, t. 167. Sarcompfialtts Caro- 
 linianus, Raf. Sylv. Tellur. 29. — Missouri to North Carolina, Florida, and Texas. 
 
 R. Fr.^nocla, L. Small tree: leaves broadly ellijitical to mo.stly obovate, frei|uently acumi- 
 nate, usually cuneately narrowed at base, entire or very minutely denticulate, about 2 imlie.^ 
 long, thin, very .slender-petioled : pedicels usually in.<erteil directly on the .-Jtem : other»i.>;c 
 resembling the preceding species. — Spec. i. 193; Greene, Erythea, iv. 136; Pollard, Bot. 
 
408 RHAMNACE.E. PJiamnus. 
 
 Gaz. xxi. 235. — Established in swamps at New Durliam and Secaucus, N. J., and on Long 
 Island, N. Y. (lutrod. from Eu.) 
 
 R. Purshiana, DC. Small or medium-sized tree with somewhat yellow-pubescent often 
 greenish gray (or reddish !) twigs : leaves broadly elliptical, rounded or slightly cordate at 
 base, very obtuse to abruptly blunt-pointed, slightly if at all revolute, often undulate, irregu- 
 larly and closely spreading-serrulate or denticulate, coarsely pinuately veined and mo.stly 
 with evident transverse veinlets (the midrib broad and usually pale as seen from the uj)per 
 surface), usually persistently short-villous beneath and on the veius above, 2 to 6 inches long, 
 rather thin, deciduous ; the short petioles downy : peduncles 4 to 15 lines long, at least the 
 upper longer than the petioles ; pedicels 2 or 3 lines long : flowers 5-merous : carpels 3. — 
 Prodr. ii. 25 ; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Ain. i. 123, t. 43; Torr. & Gray, El. i. 262 ; Brew. & Wats. 
 Bot. Calif, i. 101 ; Trelease, 1. c. 366; Sargent, Gard. & For. iv. 75, & Silv. ii. 37, t. G3, iu 
 part; Rusby, Druggists' Bull. iv. 334, f. 1, 8. Cnrdiolepis obtiisa, Raf. Sylv. Tellur. 28. 
 Frangula Purshiana, Coop. Smithson. Rep. 1858, 259. — Northern Idaho to Brit. Columbia, 
 Washington, Oregon, and, in less characteristic form, the Sierras of Northern California. 
 A form from Placer County, California, Carpenter, with obovoid cuueate leaves 3 to 5 inches 
 long, is R. anonrv/olia, Greene, I'ittonia, iii. 16. A form approaching the next, with elliptical 
 obtuse coriaceous leaves about 2 inches long, with midrib exposed above and the inflores- 
 cence reaching to the middle of the blade, is R. occidentalis, Howell, Pacif. Coast PI. 1887; 
 Greene, Pittonia, ii. 15; Rusby, 1. c 335, f. 6, 7 ; R. Californica, K. Brandegee, Zoe, i. 241, 
 from Waldo County, Oregon, Howell. 
 
 R. Californica, Eschs. Tall shrub or exceptionally arborescent, with somewhat tomentose 
 green to purple twigs : leaves elliptical, mostly rounded at base, olituse to subacute, mostly 
 a little revolute, entire, serrulate, or denticulate, prominently pinnately veined (the midrib a 
 mere sunken often granular impressed line as seen from above), glabrate or short-tomentose 
 on the veins beneath, often somewhat glossy below, 1 to 3 or rarely 4 or 5 inches long, ever- 
 green in the warmer districts and then often reticulated ; the short petioles tomentulose : 
 peduncles 2 to 8 lines long, not commonly much exceeding the petioles ; pedicels 1 to 3 lines 
 long, both glabrous or puberulent : flowers 4-5-merous : fruit subglobose ; the cocci mostly 
 2, large and usually not attenuated at base. — Mem. Acad. St. Pe'tersb. ser. 6, x. 285 ; Torr. & 
 Gray, Fl. i. 263 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 101 ; Trelease, 1. c. 366 ; M. K. Curran, Proc. 
 CalLf. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, i, 252 ; K. Brandegee, Zoe, i. 240 ; Rusby, 1. c. 335, f. 2, 3, 9. R. olei- 
 foUus, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 123, t. 44 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 260; Rev. Hort. 1874,354, f.47. 
 R. laurifolius, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 260. R. leucodermis, Nutt. 1. c. 261. R. Piirs/ii- 
 ana, Sargent, Silv. ii. 37, t. 62, in part. Endotropis oleifolia, Raf. Sylv. Tellur. 31. Perfonon 
 laurifolium, Raf. 1. c. 29. Frangula Californica, Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 178. — Throughout Cali- 
 fornia. A form with large elliptical leaves sometimes over 5 inches long, from Mendocino, 
 Bolander, and Pasadena, Brandegee, approaches the preceding. 
 
 Var. betulaefolia, Tkelease, n. comb. A form approaching the preceding species, 
 with thin elliptical minutely serrulate obtuse or bluntly acuminate leaves about 4 inches 
 long. — R. hetulafolia, Greene, Pittonia, iii. 16. — Guadalupe Mountains, Texas, Havard, and 
 Mogollon Mountains, New Mexico, Rusbi/. 
 
 Var. rubra, Trelease, 1. c. 367. A scarcely separable form with slender glabrous red 
 twigs, oblong-lanceolate or very narrowly obovate thin deciduous nearly glabrate leaves 
 scarcely 2 inches long, with the midrib often more visible above, and mostly obovoid fruit 
 with the cocci attenuate below. — R. rubra, Greene, Pittonia, i. 68, 160. R. Purs/iiana, 
 Sargent, Silv. ii. t. 63, f. 3. — Eastern slope of the Sierras (Truckee and the Upper 
 Sacramento). 
 
 Var. tomentella. Brew. & Wats. With tomentose reddish twigs, revolute mostly 
 entire evergreen leaves persistently yellow-tomentose below, and peduncles commonly exceed- 
 ing the petioles. — Bot. Calif, i. io'l ; Trelease, 1. c. 367. R. tomentella, Benth. PI. Hartw. 
 303 ; Rusby, Druggists' Bull. iv. 335, f. 4, 5 ; K. Brandegee, Zoe, i. 244. R. Purshiana, var. 
 tomentella, Sargent, Silv. ii. 39, t. 6.3, f. 2. — Extends from Southern California to Arizona 
 and New Mexico, and is connected with the type of the species by occasional specimens 
 from more northern parts of its range, Brownsville, /////, Sta. Cruz Mountains and Alta, 
 Brandegee. 
 
Ceanothus. Kl lA.M XACK.i:. 4()9 
 
 9. CEANOTHUS, L. Niw .Ikkskv Tka, Cai.ih.kma Lii.ac. (Kca- 
 voi^os, u nauic applii^l by Tlicopliiastus to soinu prickly plant, and lranKf«Tre<l to 
 this <,'eiius l)y Liiiiiii'iis.) — Slirui)s or rarely small trt-es with often divaricate 
 sometimes spiny t\vi<,'s, alternate or opposite fre.juently serrate .'i-nerved or pin- 
 nately veined usually ample leaves with minute or spon<,'y-thickened stijtules, and 
 small but showy white, blue, or j.urplish flowers in often lon;r-peduncled dense 
 axillary or terminal clusters. — Act. Soc. Upsal. 1741, 77, & Gen. ed. f). no. 2G7 ; 
 Brongn. Mem. Hliamn. G2, & Ann. Sci. Nat. .\. 'MV,) ; (Jray. (Jen. 111. ii. 181 ; 
 Benth. ifc Hook. Gen. i. 378 ; Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. x. .'i.J.'J ; Haill. Hist. PI. 
 vi. 80 ; Trelease, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, i. lOG, & Trans. St. Louis Acad. 
 V. 301; Parry, Proc. Davenp. Acad. v. 102, 185; K. lirandegee, Proc. Calif, 
 Acad. Sci. ser. 2, iv. 174; Weberbauer in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. PHanzenf. iii. 
 Ab. 5, 412. — Chiefly of the Western United States, a few in Mexico and the 
 Atlantic States. 
 
 * Leaves alternate, not pungent, entire or mostly ghindular-tootlied ; stipulfs thin ami 
 mostly fugacious: fruit sometimes keeled or crested on the back of the carpels, but with- 
 out dorsal \\OTns. — Euceanothus. 
 ■^ 1. Leaves amitle in all but the last, thin, 3-nerved, toothed, deciduous : twigs subterete, 
 neither rigidl.v divaricate nor spinose: inflorescence rather simjile and mosth- c<mipacti 
 at the ends of leaHess or nearly leafless peduncles : flowers white : fruit about 2 lines in 
 diameter. 
 
 ++ Peduncles often rather stout, usually from lateral buds of the old w 1. 
 
 C. sanguineus, I'irsu. Tall shrub, with puqde or reddish glabn.us twigs: leaves broadly 
 ellij.tical, varying to ovate obovate or orbicui.-vr, nninded or cordulnte at ba.se, very obtuse, 
 palir beneath, socm glabrous or with a few long hairs on the veins beneath, serrate, 1 to .3 
 inches long, their freijuently somewhat villous petioles about a third as long: peduncles 
 4 or 5 inches long, pale, fngaciously villous, tloriferous on the upper half or occiusionally 
 bearing scattered corymbs from the b.ase up: capsules obovoid, somewhat lobed at top, 
 nearly smooth and c rest less. — Fl. i. 167; Nutt. Gen. i. 153; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 26.5, in 
 part; Hook. Fl. IJor.-Am. i. 125; Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. x. 334; Trelease, Proc. Calif. 
 Acad. Sci. ser. 2, i. 107, 114; I'arry, Proc. Davenp. Acad. v. 168; K. firandegee, Proc. Calif. 
 Acad. Sci. ser. 2, iv. 180. (J. Oref/ami.i, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 265; Hook. Bot. Mag. 
 t. 5177. — Brit. Columbia to N. California, Vreka, Greene, and Idaho. 
 
 ++ ++ Peduncles slender, from leafy shoots of the present season. 
 C. ovatus, Desk. Low shrub, with at length brownish or purplish tomentose or puberulent 
 glabnscent twigs: leaves rather narrowly elliptical, rounded or mostly acute at base, obtuse 
 to acute, scarcely paler beneath, becoming glabrous and glossy, crenate-serrulate, 1 to 2 
 inches long ; their petioles mostly 2 or 3 lines long : flowers in a single often short-pedun- 
 cled corymb terminating the branch, or a few additional similar or longer-pedunded clus- 
 ters from the upper leaf-axils : capsules nearly globo.se, somewhat lobod at top. smooth and 
 cre.>itle.«»s. — Hist. Arbr. & Arbris. ii. 381 ; Wats. 1. c. ; Trele:use. 1. c. 108; Parrv, 1. c. ; K. 
 Brandegee, 1. c. 179, 180. C. ova/is, Bigol. Fl. Bo.st. ed. 2, 92; Torr. & Grav, Fl. i. 265. 
 686 : Torr. Fl. N. Y. i. 145, t. 20. C. ffl,in,l,il„sus, Raf. New Fl. Am. iii. 57. — New England 
 to Manitoba, Color.ado, Texas, and Alabama. In the Southwest the larger leaves are not 
 infre(|uently ovate, but <leep green on both surf.ices and of the texture usual in C. oratns. 
 
 Var. pubescens, Tokr. & Ghav. Persistently dingy villous-tomento.-ie : the dull leaves 
 usually very iiroadly elliptical : inflorescence of two or three corymbs near the top of the 
 often more elongated peduncle. —Torr. & (Jray, ace. to W.ats. Bibl. Index, 166; Trelea>*e, 
 I.e. 108. C.mollissimiis, Torr. in Fremont, Rep. 88. — Western limits of the species. A|>- 
 proaching the next. 
 
 C. Anaericanus, L. (Nkw .Ikrsey Tka.) Low shrub with green or at length dull pur- 
 plish tomentose, puberulent or glabrous twigs: leaves ovate, rounded at baj^e, or rounded to 
 
410 RHAMXACE.E. Ceanothus. 
 
 the lateral nerves and then abruptly cuneate, obtuse to mostly acute or somewhat acuminate, 
 paler beneath, dull, spariuj^ly pubescent to dingy-tomeutose, finely and irregularly serrate, 
 1^ to 3 inches long; their pubescent or glabrate petioles 3 to 6 lines long: flower-clusters 
 from several of the upper axils as well as terminal ; the long ascending peduncles naked or 
 l-2leaved above, somewhat thyrsoidly branched : capsules globose, little lobed, somewhat 
 roughened and crested. — Spec. i. 195; Lam. 111. t. 129, f. 1 ; Schk. Haudb. i. 152, t. 46; 
 Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1479; Nouv. Duham. vi. t. 31 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 264; Gray, Gen. 111. 
 ii. 182, t. 169; Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. x. 333; Trelease, 1. c. 108; Parry, 1. c. 168; K. 
 Brandeo-ce, 1. c. 179. C. tritiervus, Ma-nch, Meth. 651. C. tardijiorus, llornem. Hort. Hafn. 
 230. C. perennis, Pursh, Fl. i. 167. C. herbaceus, Kaf. Med. Rep. hex. 2, v. 360. C. offici- 
 nalis, Raf. Med. Bot. ii. 205. — Canada to the Great Lakes, S. Carolina, Louisiana, and 
 Texas. The western form commonly with firmer more tomentose leaves and more up- 
 riglit peduncles, ami iu some specimens scarcely separable from the preceding variety. The 
 lowermost leaves arc fr.(iuently elliptical and more coarsely toothed than the upper. 
 
 Var. intermedius, Treleask, u. comb. Low shrub with slender branches: leaves 
 ovate to ovate-lauceolate, mostly less than an inch long, short-petioled : peduncles very 
 slender, mostly numerous ; the small often subsimple inflorescence at their ends : otherwise 
 as in the type.— C. intermedius, Pursh, Fl. i. 167.— Tennessee (ace. to Pursh) and S. Caro- 
 lina, Goose Creek, Hexamer & Maier, to Louisiana, New Orleans, Drumvwnd, no. 73, and 
 Florida. 
 C. serpyllifolius, Nutt. Low decumbent shrub, with reddish finely puberulent twigs, 
 leaves elliptic-ovate, crenate-serrulate, coarsely appressed-hairy on the veins, 3 or 4 lines 
 long and 1 to 3 lines wide : peduncles elongated, naked except at base of the few-flowered 
 corymb.- Gen. i. 154; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 266; Chapm. Fl. 74; Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 
 X. 335 ; Trelease, 1. c. 108 ; Parry, 1. c. 172. C. microphyUus, var. serpyllifolius, Wood, Class- 
 Book, ed. of 1861, 291. C. fnicrophylhcs, K. Brandegee, 1. c. 180, in part. — S. Florida, 
 Nuttall. Closely allied to C. Americanus, var. intermedius, from which it differs chiefly 
 in size. 
 •i- 2. Leaves very small (1 or 2 lines long), 3-nerved, finely glandular-toothed: twigs 
 
 terete, slender, neither rigidly divaricate nor spiuose : inflorescence small, nearly simple, 
 
 corvmbose or subracemose, terminal and usually sessile on mauy of the branches ; flowers 
 
 white : fruit about 2 lines in diameter. 
 C. microphallus, Michx. Low spreading shrub, with green or at length reddish nearly 
 glabrous branches and numerous ascending very slender twigs: leaves minute, often fas- 
 cicled, obovate or elliptical, sparsely and fugaciously short-strigose below, very short-peti- 
 oled : .peduncles not over 4 lines long, often leafy throughout or at the very top, the corymb 
 half inch in diameter : capsules little lobed, smooth and crestless. — Fl. i. 154 ; Nutt. Gen. 
 1. 154; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 266; Chapm. Fl. 74; Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. x. 335; Trelease, 
 1. c. 107 ; Parry, 1. c. 172; K. Brandegee, 1. c. 180. — Florida, mainly in sandy barrens. 
 •i— 3. Leaves ample, firm, 3-nerved, closely dentate-serrate : twigs slightly angled or terete, 
 
 neither glaucous nor spiuose : inflorescence ample, compound. 
 C. velutinus, Dolgl. Large shrub : twigs olive, buff, or at length brown, puberulent, 
 terete: leaves broadly elliptical, mostly subcordate to the lateral nerves near the ba.se, 
 thence cuneate, very obtuse, dark green, glabrous and usually heavily varnished above, 
 minutely canescent beneath, 2 or 3 inches long; their stout petioles often 8 lines long: 
 peduncles somewhat angled, minutely and rather sparingly puberulent: flowers white: 
 capsules subglobose, 2 to 2^ lines in diameter, deeply lobed at top, smooth or minutely 
 roughened, nearly crestless. — Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 125, t. 45; Hook. Bot. Mag. 
 t. 5165; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 265; Wats. 1. c. 334; Trelea.'se, 1. c. 110; Parry, 1. c. 160; K. 
 Brandegee, 1. c. 1 89. — Mountains from the Columbia River to Central California, Nevada, 
 Colorado, and the Dakotas. Strongly cinnamon-scented. 
 
 Var. laevigatus, Torr. & Gray. Subarborescent : leaves glabrous, light green and 
 somewhat glaucous below : inflorescence mostly more ample and compound : capsules glo- 
 bose, 3 lines in diameter, less lobed, smooth, .somewhat crested. — Fl. i. 686; Wats. Bibl. 
 Index, 167; Trelease, 1. c. 110. C. lavir/atus, Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 125; Davy, 
 Gard. Chron. .ser. 3, xx. 363. — Mountains of California, Mendocino Co., Kellogg, Napa 
 Co., Brandegee, Humboldt Co., Rattan. 
 
Ceatiothus. Itll A.MNAfK.K. 41| 
 
 C. arboreus, Okkknk. Small tno. with at first angled prav-iiul.cruloiit at length glal.ns- 
 ifiit n(l(li>h iitid glossy twigs: Icavis oUiptic-ovaic, Mul>t:«r<luto or rouiidf<l at liiwe, or 
 alirnpilv short-iiiiieate along the lateral nerves, mostly ohtuse to suliacutc, dark green, dull 
 and glahrate or microscopically downy above, densely hut microscopicaily white-tonientoso 
 beneath, l^ to .'3 inches long; their stout canescent peticdes 4 lines long: pe<luncle8 <anes- 
 cent : Howers jjale blue : capsules suliglobose or depressed, 4 lines in diameter, wareely lolK?d, 
 wrinkled, strongly cristate. — Hull. Calif. Acad. Sci. ii. 144; TreleiUM-, 1. c. 110, 115; I'arrv, 
 1. c. 169, 187; Hramlegee, I'roc. Calif. Acail. Sci. ser. 2, i. 20H ; K. IJraudegee, 1. c. 192. 
 C. i-etiiliiiiis, var. iiiliiiniis, Sargent, (iard. & For. ii. 304, & Silv, ii. 4.5, t 0.5. — Islands off tho 
 Californian coast, Sta. Cruz, (intne, Sla. Calalina, AullnU, Lyon, Jhu-iilsmi, Bntudegte, 
 FriUhey, Mrs. Trask. 
 
 ■t— 4. Leaves medium-sized, rather thin, normally entire: inflorescence comj)OUhd, elon- 
 gated, on few-leaved branches : fruit 2 to 3 lines in diameter. 
 
 -H- Twigs slightly angled when young, neither rigidly divaricate nor spinose: leaves decid- 
 uous, at least the largest 3-nerved, mostly ohtu.se : inflorescence commonly rather den.se. 
 C. parvifolius, Trki.e.vsk. slender and low, with olive glabrous flexible twigs: leaves 
 elliptical, acute at base, mostly mucronulate, glai)rous, 4 to 8 lines long: inflorescence 
 oblong, subsimjile, about an inch long ; the naked peduncle 2 or 3 inches long : flowers blue : 
 cai)sulcs 2^ lines iu diameter, nearly smooth and crestle.ss. — Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, 
 i. 110. C. inti(jeirimus, var.? jxirvijionis, Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. x. 334. C. inteyerrimus, 
 var. '. parvifolius, Wats. Hot. Calif, i. 102; K. Hrandegce, 1. c. 183. ('. inteyerrimus. Parry, 
 1. c. 172, in part. — California, in the Yoseniite region. 
 
 C. Andersoni, Parrv. Tall shrub, with green or at length ])urplisli glabrescent twigs: 
 leaves narrowly ellijitical or ellii)tic-oblong. mostly acute at base, usually very obtu.se, often 
 mucronulate, half inch to inch long: inflorescence from narrow to quite broad, 2 (when 
 simple) to 4 inches (when com])ound) long, or in fruit double this length, equalled by the 
 often nearly leafless at length rather stout peduncles: flowers white : capsules nearly gl<»- 
 bose, 2 lines in diameter, lobe,!, smooth and crestless. — Proc. Davenp. Acad. v. 172. 
 ('. iiitiyerrimiis, K. IJraudegee, 1. c. 181, in part. — Sta. Cruz Mountains, California. 
 
 C. integerrimus, Hook. & Aus. Tall shrub with green or at length somewhat brown 
 glabrescent sometimes irregularly and sparlugly low-verruco.se rather stiff twigs : leaves 
 broadly ellii)tical to ovate, rounded at base, sometimes acute, somewhat loosely hairy above 
 at least when young, lighter green and glabrescent or with a few soft hairs beneath, 1 to 3 
 inches long, their very slender somewhat long-hairy petioles 3 or 4 lines long : inflorescence 
 3 or 4 to 6 or 7 inches long, 1 to 4 inches thick : flowers blue varying to white : capsules 
 sub])yriform, 2| to 3 lines in diameter, somewhat lobed at top, nearly smooth, and with low 
 but broad deeply dorsal evanescent crests. — Bot. Heccli. 329 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 686 ; 
 Wats. 1. c. 334 ; Trelea.se, 1. c. 109 ; Parry, 1. c. 172, in part; K. Brandegee, 1. c. 181, in part. 
 C. Californicus, Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. i. 5.5. C. Nemdeiisis, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 152, 
 f. 45. C. thyrslflorus, var. macrothyrsus, Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 263. — Klikitat Co., 
 Wa^shington, Suksdorf, to the Yosemite region, California; S. E. Arizona, Smart, Leinmou, 
 Palmer. No characters have as yet been detected by which the specimens from Arizona cau 
 be separated, although far out of the usual range of the species. 
 
 ++ ++ Twigs usually angled, often twisted : leaves evergreen, rather firm or even cori- 
 aceous, most of them obscurely if at all 3-nerved : inflorescence lax. 
 
 C. Palmeri, Trelease. Twigs green, glabrous, excei>tionally glauce.-^cent, neither rigi<lly 
 divaricate nor spinose: leaves elliptical or elliptic-lanceolate, rounded or sultacute at ba.se, 
 obtuse or emarginate, green, slightly glaucous on the lower surface, firm but rather thin, 
 soon nearly or (piite glabrous, 1 to Ii inches long, their slender petioles 2 to 4 lines long: 
 inflorescence 2 to 3 or at length 6 inches long, the stout peduncle few-leaved below : flowers 
 white: ca])sules about 3 lines in diameter, .somewhat roughened and narrowly crested. — 
 Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, i. 109. C. intryrrimus. Parry, 1. c. 172, in part. — San Diego 
 Co.. California, about Cuiamaca, Palmer, Ornttt, lirandryee. 
 
 C. spinosus, NiTT. Tall shrub or almost arl)ore.scent, with at length cinnamon-brown 
 more or less divariaite sparingly sleuder-spiny glabrous twigs: leaves elliptical (on vigorous 
 
412 HIIAMXACE.E. Ceanolhus. 
 
 shoots occasionallv ovate, 3-nen'ed, and serrate or dentate), rounded or subacute at base, 
 verv obtuse to eiuarginate, drying brown above, clear green beneath, coriaceous, soon nearly 
 or quite glabrous, about an inch long, their glabrous or apj)resseil-])ubcscent petioles 2 to 4 
 lines long: peduncles 1 to 2 or 3 inches long, from the upper uxils, tloriferous for nearly 
 their whole length, aggregated into a large thyrsus (5 or (> inches U)ng and half as tiiick), 
 the upper part of which is (juite leafless : flowers pale blue : capsules depressed, about 3 
 lines in diameter, scarcely lobed, smooth, crestless. — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 267 ; 
 Wats. 1. c. 337 ; Trelease, 1. c. 109 ; Parry, 1. c. 172 ; K. Brandegee, 1. c. 185, excl. var. — 
 California, in the Middle Coast Range. 
 
 ■i— 5. Leaves medium-sized or in C. incaiius rather large, often thick, evergreen, 3-nerved, 
 sparingly serrulate or occasionally entire : inflorescence mostly compound, ample in the 
 first : twigs terete, frequently pruinose, often very divergent and rigid, some of them end- 
 ing in firm spines. 
 C. divaricatus, Nutt. Tall shrub, almost arborescent, with olive glabrous or variously 
 puberulent mostly very glaucous twigs : leaves ovate, the broader often slightly cordate, 
 obtuse or subacute, glabrous and glaucous to gray-tomentose, the upper surface mostly 
 darker, 4 to 10 lines long, short-petioled : inflorescence glabrate or velvety, mostly narrowly 
 oblong, dense, 2 to 3 inches long : flowers usually pale blue : capsules smooth, 2 to 2^ lines 
 long, not lobed, scarcely crested. — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 266, 686 ; Wats. 1. c. 336 ; 
 Trelease, 1. c. Ill ; Parry, 1. c. 168. C. oliganthus, var. hirsutits, K. Brandegee, 1. c. 197, in 
 part. — California, chiefly in the Southern Coa.st Range. (Lower Calif.) Along water- 
 courses at low altitudes, not forming thickets. The typical form, about Santa Barbara and 
 perhaps in San Diego Co., has the leaves gray-tomentose beneath and with a few marginal 
 serratures. A commoner form, with entire thick mostly glabrous very glaucous leaves and 
 often nearly white flowers, is var. eglandulosus, Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. iv. 7^ (C. eglanda- 
 losns, Trelease, 1. c. 110; C. spinosus, var. Palineri, K. Brandegee, 1. c. 185, in large part). 
 The latter form passes to the inconstant var. grosse-serratus, Torr. 1. c, Trelease, 1. c. 
 Ill, with rather thick coarsely serrate-dentate leaves, especially on suckers and vigorous 
 shoots, and sometimes deep blue flowers. A few specimens of the species from Tehachapi, 
 with more ample inflorescence than usual and flowers seemingly white, may perhaps i)e 
 crossed with C. integerrimus, and what seems to he a hybrid with C. spinosus occurs about 
 Santa Barbara, Hnbbi/, and, in the San Bernardino Mts., Parry, Engelmann. 
 
 C. COrdulatus, Kellogg. Low flat-topped shrub, with olive or brownish mostly puberu- 
 lent somewhat glaucous twigs : leaves elliptical to nearly round, sometimes cordate, very 
 obtuse, mostly denticulate especially near the apex, scarcely 6 lines long, green, or gray- 
 ])uberuleut beneath, the darker upper surface microscopically tomentulose to usually nearly 
 glabrous, the slender closely tomentulose petioles 1 or 2 lines long : inflorescence minutely 
 velvety, about an inch long, rather loose : flowers white : capsules about 2 lines in diameter, 
 soon smooth, slightly crested, evidently lobed at top. — Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ii. 124, f. 39 ; 
 Wats. 1. c. 337; Trelease, 1. c. Ill ; Parry, 1. c. 168; K. Brandegee, 1. c. 187.— S. W. 
 Oregon to S. California, chiefly in the Northern Sierras. (Lower Calif.) In dry soil, often 
 at higher altitudes than the last, forming thickets. Varying in foliage toward C. incanus, 
 the more tomentose Oregon specimens, with more elliptical leaves, perhaps separable. 
 Specimens from Mt. Shasta, Brandegee, no. 8, have the fruit somewhat verrucose, as in 
 C. incanus. 
 
 C. glaber, Trelease, n. comb. Small shrub with slender reddish at first sparsely and 
 minutely puberulent rather closely soft-verrucose twigs : leaves broadly ovate. 1 to H inches 
 long, rounded or subcordate at base, very obtuse, the margin .serrulate or denticulate, the 
 dull but slightly waxen upper surface drying dark, both faces with a few minute soft hairs ; 
 the petioles about 3 lines long: inflorescence sparingly puberulent, 2i inches long: the 
 rather few flowers white: capsules 2 to 2h lines in diameter, deeply indented, nearly crest- 
 less, smooth. — C. sored inf lis, var. glabra, Wats. Bot. King Exp. 51. C. rordulatus Xvehi- 
 tinits, K. Brandegee, 1. c. 188. — East Humboldt Mts. of N. Nevada, Watson, no. 212, and 
 apparently Placer Co., California, Brandegee, no. 9. 
 
 C. incanus, Torr. & Gray. Tall shrub, with at length olive or reddish puberulent or 
 glabrous very glaucous twigs : leaves because of their size seeming thin for the group, ellip- 
 
Ceanothus. Rll A.MN ACK.K. 41^ 
 
 til-ill to ovate, roninlfcl at base ami soniPtiiiios slif^litly ciuieato ajonj; tlic strong lateral 
 inTvcs, vcrv ohtiisf, u.-iually oiitiro or iiearlv so, iiiicro(*co|ii(ally toiinMitiilow; to ^'lalin-sci-iit 
 ami (lull aliove, iiiiiiutcly toriifiitulose-iaiii-sieiit bciicalli, I to ocriusionally 2A iiiclic.H lonj^, 
 tlifir slender sligliily villous |)Otioles sometimes half iiieli lonj; : iiitlores<eiue linelv velvetv, 
 the siiort dense axillary clusters searccly j)edumled ami ag;;rej;ated into a nitlier denMJ 
 thyrsus 2 to ;{ inches lonjj : flowers white : eapsules -2^ linfs in diameter, depn-ssfd, verru- 
 eosely roughened, sliallowly lobed at top. — Fl. i. 205 ; Wats 1. c. .3.{fi ; 'irele;i>e, 1. c. 110; 
 Parry, 1. c. 168; K. Hramlegee, 1. c. 187. — t'alifornia, in the Middle Coast Haiige region. 
 In foliage and intloreseenee smaller specimens approach C. corditlalus, while larger ones 
 reiall the thicker-leaved C. relitliiiiis. 
 
 C. Fendleri, (iUAV. Low and dense often jirostrate shrub, with greenish verv canesi-ent 
 sometimes glaucous slender twigs ; the spines slender and sharp: leaves ellijitical, rounded 
 or subacute at both ends, finely denticulate-serrulate or nearly entire, thin, green and spar- 
 ingly appressed-silky upou the upper surface, densely but microsoipically gray-tomentulose 
 beneath, half inch to occasionally an inch long, their slender petioles 2 or ."J lines long : inHo- 
 rescence very short, mostly few-Howered : flowers white : capsules 2 lines in diameter, 
 smooth, somewhat acutely keeled at first, scarcely lobed at top. — I'l. Fendl. 29; Wats. 
 1. c. 337; Trelease, 1. c. Ill ; Parry, 1. c. 1G8; K. Brandegee, 1. c. IHlt.— S. Dakota, liull 
 Springs, Riidberg, no. 390. to New Mexico and Arizona. (Northern Mex.) With nearly 
 glabrous green twigs, red spines, and small broad leaves, it is var. vfRiKis, Gray iu Tre 
 lease, 1. c. Ill, of S. K. Arizona, Lcmmon, Greene, 7'ouiiiei/. With leaves tliicker, broadly 
 elliptical, rounded at both ends, finely tonieutose on both surfixces and with veins very 
 prominent beneath, it is var. venosi s, Trelease, n. var., w hich closely resembles some small- 
 leaved Oregon specimens referred to C. cordulatus, and occurs iu Texiis, IJmjtia Mts. 
 Uuvard, and Arizona, Ft. Whipple, Vones & Palmer, Sta. Catalina Mts., Lemmon. (Northern 
 Mex.) Specimens somewhat resembling C. ovatus occur in Colorado, Parry, 1864, Coal 
 Creek, Brunde<jec, 1881. 
 
 -»— 6. Leaves medium sized or small, firm but rather thin, nearly all 3-nerved ; the margin 
 conspicuously glanduliferous rather than toothed : inflorescence subsimjde, oblong, mod- 
 erately large : twigs terete, usually intricately branched and occasionally rigid but scarcely 
 sjjinose or pruinose. 
 
 C. tomentosUS, Parry. Medium-sized shrub, with slender gray or reddish at first tomen- 
 tose mostly densely verrucose twigs: leaves elliptical to usually round-ovate, commonly 
 rounded at base and apex, very conspicuously glanduliferous on the margin, dull microscopi- 
 cally velvety and drying dark on the up])er surface, densely brown- or commonly white- 
 tomentose beneath, 4 to 10 lines long (on suckers, and usually i:i the San Hernardino form, 
 1 to 1 ii inches long and nearly as wide, and very coarsely dentate), short-j)etioled : inflorescence 
 loosely tomentose, I or 2 inches long ; flowers deep blue or exceptionally white : capsules 2 
 lines in diameter, somewhat depressed, smooth, slightly crested, evidently lobed. — Parry, 
 1. c. 190. C. oliffanthus, var. tnmentosus, K. Brandegee, 1. c. 198. C. azarriis. Kellogg. Proc. 
 Calif. Acad. Sci. i. 5.5. C. sorediatus, Trelease, 1. c. 1 1 1 , in part ; Parry, 1. c. 1 69. — California, 
 from the Sierras of Amador Co. to San Diego. (Lower Calif.) A])parently uncommon in 
 the middle region. 
 
 C. sorediatus, Hook. & Arn. Bather low densely branched shrub, with olive orat length 
 purplish minutely tomentose and somewhat villous sparingly and finely red-warty commonly 
 \ery rigid twigs : leaves narrowly ovate to elliptic-lanceolate, rounded at base. fre<|uently 
 acute. 4 to 10 lines long ; the margin about as in the last ; the convex tipper surface mostly 
 at first with a few rather short hairs, soon glnbrescent, dull but looking as if waxed : lower 
 surface <larker green or gray and minutely ajijtressed-silky ; the short petioles (like the 
 princijial veins beneath) ap])ressed-hairy : inflorescence nearly as in tiie last or smaller, at 
 first loosely villous: flowers deep blue: capsules globo-^e, 2 lines in dianu-ter, smooth or 
 somewhat wrinkled, neither crested nor <leeply lobed. — B<it. Beech. 328 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 
 i. 686. in part ; Wats. 1. c. 336, in j)art ; Trelease, 1. c. Ill, in i)art ; Parry. 1. c. 189. ('. in- 
 tririitiis. Parry. 1. c 168. C. olifjmil/ius, var. hirsuliis, K. Brandegee, 1. c. 197, in part. — 
 California, Mendocino Co. to Santa Barbara. Somewhat aberrant specimens from San 
 Diego Co., Orcutt. 
 
414 RIIAMNACE.E. Ceanolhus. 
 
 C. hirsutus, Nutt. Tall shrub or small tree : twigs olive, gray, or somewhat reddish, 
 iinx'-ularlv but deusely villous, more or less red-verrucose, rather flexible : leaves ovate to 
 broadlv elliptical, rouuded or tlie larger cordate at base, obtuse to typically acute, half iuch 
 to 2 inches long, ratlier short-pctioled, the upper surface drying darker, couspicuously beset 
 with scattered appressed rather long hairs, tlie green or occasionally glaucesccnt lower sur- 
 face loosely liirsute, especially along the veins : inflorescence loosely puberuleut-villous, 1 or 
 2 inches long, rather loose, subsessile : flowers deep blue to purplish : capsules somewhat 
 depressed, 2\ to 3 lines in diameter, generally smooth, strongly crested, not conspicuously 
 lobed. — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 266 ; Wats. 1. c. 336, in part ; Trelcase, 1. c. Ill, in part ; 
 Parry, 1. c. 169. C. oli(janthus, Xutt. 1. c. 266 ; K. Brandegee, 1. c. 196, in part. — Coast Range 
 of Central California. The narrower-leaved form, which often has a smaller inflorescence, 
 is C. oliganthus, Nutt., which can liardly be separated. The species appears to hybridize with 
 C. xptnosHf: and the preceding species. 
 
 Var. Orcuttii, ruKLEASE, n. comb. Flowers paler blue : fruit strongly rugose and 
 loosely villous : otherwise like the type. — C. Orcuttii, Parry, Proc. Davenp. Acad. v. 193. 
 C. oligant/ius, K. Brandegee, 1. c. 196, in part. — Sau Diego Co , California, Orcutl, 
 Brandegee. 
 
 H— 7. Leaves medium-sized or small, mostly thin, not 3-nerved or some of them with a 
 pair of strong sub-basal lateral veins ; the flat margin minutely glauduliferous : inflores- 
 cence as in the preceding group, but rather smaller, sometimes subglobose : flowers deep 
 blue : twigs terete, not spiny, pruinose in only one species. 
 
 C. diversifolius, Kellogg. Low and trailing, with green to reddish flexible irregularly 
 very villous sparingly verrucose twigs : leaves thin and flexible, broadly elliptical, rounded 
 or mostly acute at base, obtuse or subacute, with the pubescence of the last on the upper 
 surface, but pale, often whitened and more or less loosely tomentose-villous beneath, short- 
 petioled, ^ to H inches long, commonly (as in otiiers of this section) with axillary fascicles of 
 smaller size : inflorescence about half inch long, elongating in fruit, with a peduncle of thrice 
 its length : capsules slightly pyriform, 2 lines in diameter, very smooth, somewhat evanes- 
 cently crested, slightly lobed. — Proc. Calif. Acad. vSci. i. 58 ; K. Brandegee, 1. c. 200. C. hir- 
 sutus, Trelease, 1. c. Ill, in part. C. decumhens, Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. x. 33.5; Trelease, 
 1. c. 112; I'arry, 1. c. 168. — California, Sierras of the Yosemite region. 
 
 C. Lemmoni, Parky. Low, spreading, but not decumbent, with gray or buff pruinose at 
 first tomentose slightly verrucose rigid twigs: leaves thicker, firm, elliptical, rounded or sub- 
 acute at both ends, 3 to 10 lines long, very short-petioled, finely appressed-pubescent to nearly 
 glabjous and dull waxen above, the lighter green to glaucous loo.sely villous lower surface 
 at length prominently reticulated : inflorescence about as in the last, but often shorter- 
 pednncled, exceptionally 3 inches long and somewhat thyrsoid : capsules as in the last, but 
 more strongly crested. — Proc. Davenp. Acad. v. 192. C. diversifolius, xav. foliosus, K. 
 Brandegee, 1. c. 201, in part. C. decumbens, of other writers, in part. — N. Central Cali- 
 fornia, Lake and Butte Counties, &c. 
 
 C. foliosus, Parry. Rather low densely branched shrub : twigs greenish, gray, or red- 
 disii, slender but rather rigid, at first velvety or villous and mostly little verrucose : leaves 
 thin but rather firm, broadly elliptical, 2 to 6 (or the primary 10) lines long, mostly acute at 
 base, with obtuse or occasionally acute apex, on the darker upper surface with finer appressed 
 pubescence than in the last or glabrescent, appearing as if waxed, paler and often glaucous 
 beneath, with a few appressed coarse hairs along the veins : inflorescence scarcely half inch 
 long, becoming twice that length, little surpa.ssed by the loosely villous peduncles : capsules 
 depressed, scarcely 2 lines in diameter, smooth, rather strongly crested, conspicuously lobed. 
 — Proc. Davenp. Acad. v. 172; Davy, Card. Chron. ser. 3, xx. 363. C. diversifolins, var. 
 filiosus, K. Brandegee, 1. c. 201, excl. syn. C. dentntus, Trelease, 1. c. 112, in part. — (Cali- 
 fornia, from the vicinity of San Francisco to Mendocino Co. What seems to be this species 
 also from Cuiamaca, Parish, no. 423. 
 
 H— 8. Leaves medium-sized or small, firm, u.sually not 3-nerved ; the upper surface strongly 
 glandular-])ai)inate throughout or near the revolute glauduliferous margin : inflorescence 
 and twigs about as in the preceding group : flowers deep blue or exceptionally varying to 
 white. 
 
Ccannthus. KH AMX ACK.K. 415 
 
 C. dentatus, Toru. & Gray. l?athor low densely branched Bhrnh, with prav or red-l>rown 
 ill liisi very villous-tonieiitose slightly verrucose rigiil twigH : leaves elli|iti(al, rr)uu<leil at 
 Lotli en<ls, or appearing retuse from the infolding of tiie apex, 2 to G linuH l<Jng, pajiillaie 
 only on and near tiie margin ; tiie darker waxen njiper snrfaeo louwly hairy, lighter and 
 coarsely spreading-hairy beneath : inHorescente siibgiobose, very titnientose ; the jjeilnm le 
 with reduced leaves : eapsnb-s globose or somewhat depressed, 2 lineH in diameter, smuiith. 
 slightly crested, scarcely loiu-d. — Fl. i. 2G8 ; Planch. Kl. SerrcM, vi. KKJ, t. 507. f. '2 ; Morren, 
 Belg. ilort. iii. 101, t. 16, f. 2 ; Torr. Hot. Mex. H<.und. 46, t. 10 ; Trelejwe, 1 c. 112, in part ; 
 I'arry, I.e. 190; K. Brandegee, I.e. 202. C. jxtjiillosns, var. diutaiits, I'arry, I.e. 170. — 
 California, in the Santa Cruz Coast Range. With very numenjus and dense scarcely |»e- 
 dnncled (lower-dusters, it is var. klokihindls, 'I'relea.se, n. conil). ; ('. /torilniuJiis, Hook. 
 JJot. Mag. t. 4806, Leni. 111. Ilort. vii. t. 2.J8, whicii hi»« l)een regarded as a hylirid with C. 
 thijrsi/lonis. With nearly round leaves having the veins deei)ly iinpre.s.sed on the upjier sur- 
 face, it is var. imi'kessi s, Trelea.'^e, u. coml>. ; C. iin/ir^ssiis, Trelea-se, l'r<jc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 
 scr. 2, i. 112 ; from Sta. l}arl)ara County, Sta. Barl)ara, Miss Plummer, Sta. Maria, ./««</. 
 
 C. papillosus, ToKii. & Gu.vY. Haliit of the la.st, with at Hrst (b-nsely yellowish villous- 
 tuiiieiito.-ie slightly vcrruc<jse twigs : leaves elliptical to narrowly oblong, rouiKb-il or slightly 
 coniate at base, from 2 inclie.s to more commonly 1 inch or less long (tiien short-peti<deil) ; 
 the tiark waxeu upper surface slightly villous and irregularly and rather do.sely glandular- 
 j)a])illate, like tiie margin ; the paler lower surface loosely and densely villous: inflorescence 
 more ol)long, about 1 inch loug, very villous, the pediuides of like length : capsules as in the 
 liu-it, ratiier less than 2 lines in diameter. — Fl. i. 268; Hook. Ic. t. 272, & Bot. Mag.t. 4815; 
 riauch. Fl. Serres, vi. 103, t. 567, f. 1 ; I'axt. Fl. Card. i. 74, f. 50, & Baines ed. i. 70, f. 
 48 ; Morren, Belg. Hort. iii. 101, t. 16, f. 1 ; Trelease, L c. 112 ; Parry, 1. c. 170, exd. vars. 
 C. dentatus, var. papillosus, K. Brandegee, 1. c. 20.3. — California, Santa Cruz Mts. Too 
 near the last in some forms, but typically very distinct. It appears to hybridize with C 
 thyrsijlorus. 
 
 ■*-- 9. I.«aves medium-sized, 3-nerved (the lateral nerves sometimes closely marginal and 
 then concealed), finely toothed, more or less revolute; tlie surface not jiapillate : iiiHores- 
 cence ample, forming a compound thyrsus: flowers dee]> blue: twigs .strongly angled, 
 neither rigidly divaricate, spinose, nor pruinose. 
 
 C. Parryi, Trelkase. Rather large sjireading shrub, with green or red-brown at first 
 looselv and softlv toniento.<e rather abundantly verrucose twigs: leaves ellijuical, or the 
 largest occasionally somewhat ovate, rounded at base, obtuse, glabrous above, lighter green 
 and densdv cobwebl)y beneath, half inch to 2 inches long, on short cobwebby petioles : iuHo- 
 resceuce rather narrow, 3 or 4 inches long ; tlie few-leaved peduncles of like length : capsules 
 globo.se, 2 lines in diameter, sometimes slightly crested and wrinkled. — Proc. Calif. Acail. 
 Sci. ser. 2, i. 109 ; Parry, 1. c. 170 ; Davy, Card. Chron. ser. 3, xx. 363. C. intefjeirimus, var. 
 Pnrri/i, K. Brandegee, 1. c. 183. — California, Napa and Sonoma Counties. Also in herb. 
 Gray, as fmm Humboldt Co., BoJander, no. 6572, bis. 
 
 C. thyrsiflorus, Eschs. From a small prostrate shrub in exposed places becoming a small 
 tree with green or at length deep brown nearly glabrous scarcely verrucose twigs : leaves 
 ellijitical, acute at base, obtuse, glabrous except for a few apjjressed rather coarse hairs along 
 the very prominent veins beneath, drying brown, about an inch long, on short hairy petioles : 
 inflorescence mostly about 3 inches long, olilong, at length usually thyrsoid, mostly long- 
 ])eduncled with leaves subtending one or two of the lower fascicles, .somewh.it loosely hairy 
 to nearlv glabrous: flowers varying to white : cap.sules globo.se, 2 lines in diameter, smooth, 
 not cre.stcd, little lobed. — Mem. Acad. St. Peter.sb. .ser. 6, x. 285; Lindl. Bot. Heg. xxx. t. 
 38 ; Nutt. Sylv. ii. 44, t. 57 ; Wats. 1. c. .334 ; Treleai^e, 1. c. 108 ; Parry, 1. c. 170; K. Bran- 
 degee, 1. c. 191 ; Davy, Gard. Chron. ser. 3, xx. 363, f. 65. C. bicolor, Kaf. New Fl. Am. iii. 
 57. ? C. elpffans. Lem. 111. Ilort. vii. t. 268. — Near the coast, f)reg<m. Curry Co., Howell, 
 to California, Monterey Bay. Hybridizing with C. dentatus ? (= C. Lohhianus, Hook. Bot. 
 Mag. t. 4810, or by error 4811, Planch. Fl. Serres, x. 125, t. 1016), V. papillosus, C. s«re- 
 diatus, C. foliosus' and possibly C. rii/idits ( = C. Vtitc/tianus, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5127. 
 known only in cultivation). 
 
 Var. griseus, Tkei-eask, n. var. Leaves more broadly ovate, about an inch long and 
 
416 RHAMNACE.E. Ceanothus. 
 
 three fourths as wide, revolutely dentate, mitroscopically gray-tomentnlose beneath : other- 
 wise scarcely separable from the type. — California, apparently confined to the vicinity of 
 Monterey. 
 
 * * Leaves opposite and pungently toothed in many species ; stipule-bases persistent, thick 
 and corky or spongy : fruit frequently with strong horns as well as crests : flowers in 
 compact umbels, usually little surpassing the leaves. — Cerastes. 
 
 •\- Leaves alternate (exceptionally a few in ))airs in the first) : flowers white : capsules glo- 
 bose or depressed. 
 
 C. macrocarpus, Nutt. Rather large shrub, with reddish or gray at first apj)ressed- 
 pubesceut rather loose and flexuous twigs : leaves spatulate or obovate, cuneate, obtuse to 
 eniarginate, glabrous and dull above, microscopically canescent beneatli, 6 to 9 lines long 
 or exceptionally somewhat larger, short-pctioled, the sligiitly revolute margin entire or 
 exceptionally a little denticulate : capsules 4 to 6 lines in diameter, laterally horned the 
 apical crests very low, scarcely lobed. — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 267 ; Greene, Bull. 
 Calif. Acad. Sci. i. 80 ; Trelease, 1. c. 114. C. megacarpus, Nutt. Sylv. ii. 46 ; Tarry, 1. c. 174. 
 C. ritneattts, Wats. 1. c. 338, in part. C. cuneatiis, var. macrorar/ius, K. Brandegee, 1. c. 205. 
 — California, about Sta. Barbara and Monterey and on the islands of Sta. Cruz, Greene, 
 with nearly liornless fruit, and Sta. Catalina, Brandegee, with variable phyllotaxis. 
 
 C. verrucosus, Xutt. Rather low shrub, with gray or brown glabrate to loosely diugy- 
 tonientose slender twigs : leaves round-obovate, cuneate or rounded at base, obtuse to mostly 
 deeply obcordate, usually denticulate along the sides, nearly glabrous, 2 to 6 lines long, very 
 short-petioled ; stipules horizontnl, at length very large and wart-like : capsules about 3 
 lines in diameter, neither crested nor horned, scarcely lobed. — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 
 267; Greene, 1. c. 81 ; Trelense, I.e. 114, 117; Parry, 1. c. 174; K. Brandegee, 1. e. 206. 
 C. n'gidus, Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound, t. 9. — California, Sta. Barbara, Nuthill in herb. Gray, 
 and San Diego Counties, apparently not recently collected north of San Diego Co. (Lower 
 Calif.) 
 
 -1— -f— Leaves opposite. 
 
 ++ Flowers white : erect or spreading rigidly branched shrubs, with entire or nearly entire 
 leaves except in the last two species and in hybrids. 
 C. cuneatus, Ndtt. At length a tall rigidly much branclicd shrub, with usually gray 
 minutely tomentulose twigs : leaves spatulate to obovate-cuneate, mostly olttuse, entire, 
 microscopically tomentulose beneath, 3 to 10 lines long, extremely short-stalked : capsules 
 slightly oblong, 2| lines in diameter, with three conspicuous erect horns near the top. — Nutt. 
 in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 267 ; Jour. Ilort. Soc. Loud. vi. 220, fig. ; Morren, Belg. Ilort. viii. 
 170, t. 44 ; Wats. Bibl. Index, 164, in part; Trelease, 1. c. 113; Parry, 1. c. 174 ; K. Bran- 
 degee, 1. c. 204. — Oregon, Nnttall, Howell, through California. (Lower Calif., Prim/le.) 
 Leaves occur rarely as much as 1 inch wide, and on suckers they sometimes show a few 
 teeth. Appears to hybridize with C. crassi/olitis (?= C. vestitus, Greene, Pitt<mia, ii. 101), 
 C. prostratus (when nearer C. cuneatus, = C. connivens, Greene, Pittonia, ii. 16, when nearer 
 C. prostratus, = C. pumilus, Greene, Erythea, i. 149), C. rigidus (= C. cuneatus, var. ramu- 
 losus, Greene, Man. Bay-Reg. 77), and C. pinetorum. 
 
 C. Greggii, Gray. Low intricately and rigidly much branched slirub : twigs with olive, 
 gray, or occasionally brown, at first closely gray- or rusty-tomentose : leaves elliptical, mostly 
 acute at both ends, often with one or two small teeth on each side, 3 to 5 lines long, very 
 short-petioled ; the lower surface sometimes concealed by tomentum : capsules .slightly 
 oblong, 2 lines in diameter, small-horned from about the middle. — PI. Wright, ii. 28 ; Wats. 
 Proc. Am. Acad. x. 338; Trelease, 1. c. 113 ; Parry, 1. c. 174. C. verrucosus, var. Greggii, 
 K. Brandegee, 1. c. 208. — S. Utah, Palmer, Bishop, to W. Texas. Wright, Thurher, Havard. 
 (Mex., where it passes into a form with more spatulate larger leaves very white-tomentose 
 beneath.) 
 
 C. crassifolius, Torr. Tall .«b rub, with gray or brown white- or rusty-tomentose twigs : 
 leaves thick, elliptic-obovate, cuneate or rounded at base, obtuse, somewhat revolute, pun- 
 gently dentate, half inch to somewhat over an inch long ; the upper surface minutely rough- 
 ened, at length glabrous and green, the lower surface densely tomentose ; the stout petioles 
 
Ceanolhus. UHAMNACE.i:. 417 
 
 2 lines loiii^ ; sti|iiilt's vcrv l:irjx<" : tapMilis siiIii;1<>1miso, 4 linos in ijiaincter, with tliii k c-x<»- 
 ciiri) and tliii'C stout suImtciI Imrns ni-ar llif tn]i. — I'acif. K. i;<-|i. iv. 75, & Hot. Mex. 
 IJouikI. 40, t. II ; Wats. 1. c .'}.»«; 'rrcl.:i.s.'. 1, .-. Ii;j; I'am , 1. c. 17;{. C. virmcsHs, snr. 
 criissijhlius, K. Hrandi'ffi-e, 1. o. 208. — C'aliforfiia, in tlie Miiiille and Soutiicru C'oaiil Hangc. 
 
 C. perplexans, Thki.k.vsk, n. .sp. Related to the precedinjj ; the ^ray or red twifjs <lo,««"ly 
 tonniilosi', licconiin^ f^labmns and ^los.sy : leaves very tliitk, Hiil)elli|ilical, mostly m-iite, not 
 revolute, entire or mostly piinficntly lo\v-t<M»tiied, from minutely fjray-velvety on Ixdh hides 
 heiomintj nearly j^lalirous, (> to 12 lines long, the uiijier surface fre(|uently eoinave ; the 
 .stout petioles 2 line.s long: capsules gloltose, aliout .'J lini-s in diameter, with thin (smooth 
 flesh, the three small dor.sal horns spreading. — S. W. California ; Arizona, Vampai Valley, 
 Bifft'/ow. (Lower Calif, and (iuadalupe Isl.) 
 
 ++ ++ Klowers Mue or purple, only exceptionally white: leaves toothed, at least near the 
 apex. 
 
 C. rigidus, Ni tt. Medium-sized rigidly intricate sliruh, with green or brownish at first 
 luosclv toiiiiiito.sc 2-liiiid twigs: leaves firm hut rather thin, ohovate, cuneate, ohtu.«-e to 
 ohcordate, 2 to G lines long, nearly .sessile, the upper half finely dentate, soon nearly glahroii.s 
 on both sides, the lower surface little paler: ca])sules nearly as in C cnneatus but a little 
 larger. — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 268 ; Jour. Ilort. Soc. Lond. v. 197, fig ; Hook. liot. 
 M.ag t. 4664; I'axt. Fl. Card. i. 74, f. 51, & Raines ed. i. 70, f. 49; Morren. Relg. Ilort. 
 iii. 102, t. 16, f. 3-5; Wats. 1. c. 3.39, in part; Trelease, 1. c. 113 ; Parry, 1. c. 173. C mni- 
 cosiis. Hook. Rot. Mag. t. 4660. C. vernirosns, var. rifiidiis. K Rrantlegee, 1. c. 207. — Cali- 
 fornia, from above San Francisco to Monterey. In shape and size of leaves very similar 
 to (\ verrucosus. 
 
 Var. grandifolius, Toru. Leaves from thick to quite thin, at length glabrate on 
 both si<les becoming an inch or more long capsules globo.<5e, about 3 lines in diameter, w it h 
 three .stout somewhat dorsal horns. — Pacif. H. Hep. iv. 75 ; 'irele.'i.se, 1. c. 113. <'. crns- 
 s{/olius,\SiT, (/labratus, Gray in Rolauder, Cat. 8. C. rerrumsus, \:{t. fjraii(lifolius, K. Bran- 
 degee, 1. c. 207. — California, Mendocino Co., Dolandcr, no. 4713, Bnindegee, no. 82, 
 Birirhm: 
 
 C. pinetorum, Cdville. Low but erect densely branched slirub : twigs gray, brown, or 
 re (lilish, stout, divaricate, at first appresscd-puberulent : leaves elliptical, very thick, abrujit 
 at both ends, often folded along the midrib or crisped, soon glabrescent except between the 
 veins beneath, 6 to 8 lines long, very short-petioled, the margin somewhat revolute, coarsely 
 pnngently dentate, like holly leaves: flowers often white: caj)sules oblong, 3 to 4 lines in 
 diameter, with .strong suberect horns near the apex and low intermediate crests. — Contrib. 
 U. S. Xiit. Herb. iv. 80. C. prostralux. var. /liiiilonim, K. Bran<legee, 1. c. 211. C. Jipsimii, 
 Greene, Man. Ray-Hog. 78. — California, from Lake Co. to Mt. Tamalj)ais and Tulare Co. 
 (the original locality). _ 
 
 C. prostratUS, Rkntii. Procumbent and rooting, with somewhat comi)ressed freijuontly 
 liright ri<l at first often appressed-hairy twigs: leaves thick and firm, ohovate or spatul;ite. 
 cuneate, flat or sometimes revolute, ])ungently several-toothed ai>ove. one to three of the 
 teeth mostly apical, at first often minutely silky, about half inch long, short-petioled : 
 flowers blue : capsules slightly elongated, 3 or 4 lines in diameter, with thick often red 
 flesh, three large wrinkled horns somewhat spreailing from near the ajiex, and low inter- 
 mediate crests. — PI. Hartw. 302; Wats. 1. c. 339, in part; 'I'releiise, 1. c. 113, 116, in 
 part ; Parry, 1. c. 173 ; K. Rrandegee, 1. c. 209. — Klikitat Co., Wa-shingtou ; Humboldt Ct>. 
 anil the Sierra region of California, an<l W. Nevada, Carson, Audirsun, Wa.shoe Mts., 
 Wdtxnn. C. ruf/nsits, Greene, Fl. Francis. SS, from near Truckee, Cnlif., has been held 
 tr) 1)0 a hybrid of which this species or C. miientus is one parent, iifid C. rrluliiius the 
 other. 
 
 Var. divergens, K. Ruandegee. Low spreading or scrambling shnib, with at first 
 tomentose slender but rigid twigs : leaves obovate-spatulate, very thick, cuneate. ."iomewhat 
 revolute and cris])0(l, pnngently dentate, more or less persistently loosely white-hairy, about 
 half inch l<mg, nearly sessile ; capsules rounder than in the type, about 3 lines in diameter, 
 with smaller more lateral horns. — Proc. Calif. ?\cad. Sci. ser. 2, iv. 210. C. divergens. 
 Parry, 1. c. 173. — California, Napa to Santa Cruz Counties. 
 
 27 
 
418 RHAMXACE.E. Coluhrina. 
 
 10. COLUBRINA, Rich. (Name from Latin Coluher, a serpent, the ap- 
 plication uncertain.) — Shrubs or trees with often rigidly divaricate but scarcely 
 spiny twigs, alternate entire or denticulate pinnately veined or 3-nerved small to 
 ample leaves (frequently glanduliferous beneath and with mostly small stipules), 
 and tomentose inconspicuous flowers in sessile or pedunculate axillary umbels. — 
 Rich, in Brongn. Mem. Rluunn. 61, &, Ann. Sci. Nat. x. 368 ; Benth. & Hook. 
 Gen. i. 379 ; Grisebach, Fl. W. Ind. 100; Baill. Hist. PI. vi. 77 ; Trelease, Trans. 
 St. Louis Acad. v. 361, 368; Sargent, Silv. ii. 47; Weberbauer in Engl. & 
 Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. 5, ■415. — Warmer American region ; one species 
 tropical in the Old World. 
 
 * Leaves inediuin-sizeil or usually rather small, some of them denticulate : common peduncle 
 verv short or wanting: cahx-segments tardily and incompletely deciduous: fruit short- 
 I)caked by the persistent style. 
 
 C. Texensis, Gray. Large shrub: branches mostly rigidly divaricate, zigzag, terete, gray- 
 tomentose or glabresceut and whitened: leaves elliptical to spatulate-obovate, cuneate to 
 rounded at base, obtuse, acute or mucrouate, often 3-nerved, glabrescent, scarcely an inch 
 long ; their petioles about 2 lines long : fruit 4 lines in diameter, often solitary, on mostly 
 reflcxed pedicels of about the same length. — PI. Lindh. pt. 2, 169, & PI. Wright, i. 33 ; 
 Torr. Ik)t. Mex. Bound. 47; Trelease, 1. c. 368. Rhamnus ? Texensis, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 
 263. R. Drummondii, Young, Fl. Tex. 204. — Central Texas and southward. (Mex.) 
 
 * * Leaves amide, entire, elliptical to ovate-lanceolate: common peduncle evident : calyx- 
 segments soon falling : styles deciduous at base. 
 
 C. f erruginosa, Bkongn. Scarcely arborescent, at first densely red-tomentose : twigs lax, 
 nearly terete, gray to reddish brown : leaves firm, more or less 3-nerved near the margin, 
 somewhat glossy above, 1 or 2 to at length 4 or 5 inches long : the lower surface more per- 
 sistently red-hairy and with a submarginal series of smooth glands, and frequently several 
 additional glandular spots : cymes densely red-tonientose even in fruit : capsules 2 to 4 
 lines in diameter, little grooved, more cktstered than in our other species ; pedicels rather 
 stout, the longer becoming 4 or .5 lines in length. — M^ra. Rhamn. 62, t. 4, f. 3, & Ann. 
 Sci. Nat. X. 369 ; Griseb. Fl. W. Ind. 100; Trelease, 1. c. 369. C./ern/f/Zneo, Brongn. Me'm. 
 Rhamn. 77, & Ann. Sc. Nat. x. 384 (by error). C. Americana, Nutt. Sylv. ii. 47, t. 58 ; 
 Chapm. Fl. 74. R/ntmnus colubriniis, ,Tacq. Ilort. Vind. iii. t. .50. R. ferrugineus, Xutt. Jonr. 
 Acad. Philad. vii. 90; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 26:5. Ceanothns cohtbrinus. Lam. 111. ii. 90. Prr- 
 foiiun? ferrugineum, Raf. Sylv. Tellur. 29. Marcorella coluhrina, Raf. \. c. 31. — S. Florida 
 and Florida Keys. (W. Ind.) 
 
 C. reclinata, Brongn. A large tree, the old trunks deej)ly fissured : twigs slender, sulcate, 
 soon glabrous : leaves not at all 3-nerved, tliinner, glabrate, not rusty, scarcely 3 indies 
 long, with a few submarginal glands beneath : inflorescence becoming glabrous : fruit 
 about as in the last. — Me'm. Rhamn. 62, & Ann. Sci. Nat. x. 369 ; Griseb. Fl. W. Ind. 101 ; 
 Eggers, Bull U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 13, 40; Trelease, 1. c. 368; Sargent, Silv. ii. 49, t. 66. 
 Ceanothus reclinatus, L'Her. Sert. 6. Rhamnns ellipticus, Ait. Kew. i. 265; Swartz, Prodr. 
 50. Zizi/phus Domimjensis, Nouv. Duham. iii. 56. Diplisca eltiptica, Raf. 1. c. — S. Florida 
 and Florida Keys. (W, Ind.) 
 
 11. AD6LPHIA, Meisn. (Named for Adolphe Brongniart^ a French 
 botanist of tlie early half of the century, and monographer of the order.) — 
 Shrubs with divaricate spine-tipped opposite tw'igs articulated with the stem, small 
 mostly caducous leaves, and inconspicuous flowers in sparse axillary clusters. — 
 Gen. i. 70, ii. 50; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 384; Baill. Hist. PI. vi. 90; Tre- 
 lease, Trans. St. Louis Acad. v. 361, 369; Weberbauer in Engl. «&; Prantl, 
 Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. 5, 423. — Of the warmer American region ; perhaps 
 scarcely separable from Colletia. 
 
Gouania. VITACK.E. 41:> 
 
 A. infesta, Meisn. Mostly puberulent or somewhat retrorsply short-villous. 3 to 5 fiet 
 liigli: braiiolilelj* all spinose.sliort, uearly .straight, njireading nearly at right angU-.s, 4 rankt-d 
 or liistii lunifi: leaves I to 5 lines long, l-nerM-d, lanitMilate or oMong, ;t4Ule or ohtUM- an<i 
 nnuionate, entire or low-serrate : fruiting pediicls rather stout, 'J lines long: iaj).-uie 'J lines 
 in diameter, gloLose, ckiplv 3grooved, irowneti hy a siiort k-ak (li:ilf line long) formed 
 of the hase of tlie .-ityle. — (ieii. ii. M ; Wats. Troc. Am. Aead. xi. 120; Urew. &. Wats. 
 Bot. Calif, i. 101 ; (Jray, I'l. Wright, i. 34, ii. 28; TreUase, 1. e. .-169. Vtuw^hus i„fislu*, 
 IIBK. Nov. Geu. & iSpec. vii. 61, t. 614. Vollttia iuj'eMa, Hrongu. Mem. Hhamn. 59, & Ann. 
 Sei. Nat. x. 366. V. {>.) wullijlom, DC. I'rodr. ii. 29. t'.Y dinpirma, DC. I'rod'r. ii. 29. 
 Cnlithrina iiifrstii, fSelih'eht. Linna-a, .w. 468. — W. Texas. (Mex.) 
 
 A. Californica, Watson. Lower: l)riiuhlets often curved, le.-is sjiinose, the lateral spines 
 shorter; leaves hroadly spatulato to ohovate, mostly mucronate and entire, I or 2 lines long: 
 style deciduous close to tiie fruit : otherwi.se similar to the preceding. — I'roc Am. Aca<l. 
 xi. 126; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 101; Trelease, 1. c. 369. — San l^iego County, Cali- 
 fornia. (Lower Calif.) 
 
 12. GOUANIA, .Tacq. (Xamed for Antoine Gouan, professor of botany 
 at iSIoiitpellier in the hitter part of the hist century.) — Shrubs or trees, often 
 clunbiny: by jirehensile spreading twigs, and with alternate coarsely glandular- 
 serrate often 3-nerved ample leaves with small stipules, and smidl flowers loo.sely 
 fascicled along the slend(;r naked ends of the branches. — Stirp. Am. 203 ; L. 
 Gen. ed. G, no. 11 o7 ; Brongn. Mem. Rhamn. 71, & Ann. 8ci. Nat. x. .37« ; 
 Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 385 ; Baill. IIi.sL V\. vi. 83 ; Trelease, Trans. St. Louis 
 Acad. V. 361, 3r.9; Weberbaner in Engl. & PrantI, Xat. PHanzenf. iii. Ab. .'., 
 42."). — Chiefly of the tropical American region. 
 
 G. Domingensis, L. Twigs angled, loosely hairy to glabrate: leaves elliptic-ovate, acute 
 to sulKordate at lia.se, acuminate, 1 to 3 inches long, glalirescent or j)ersi.stently hairv along 
 the veins, the coar.se teeth commonly ending in cup-shaped glands: inflorescence short-viHous 
 rather th.in tomentosc : fruit glabrous, 3 lines long and 4 broad, notched at top and bottom. 
 — .^pec. ed. 2, ii. 1663; DC. Prodr. ii^ 39 ; Brongn. Mem. Hhamn. 73; Griseb. Fl. W. Ind. 
 101 ; Chapm. Fl. 75; Trelea.se, 1. c. '369 ; Weberbauer, \. c. 425, f. 208. — S. Florida and 
 Florida Keys. (W. lud., Mex.) 
 
 Order XLTII. YITACEyE. 
 
 By L. n. B.VII.K.V 1 
 
 Alternate-leaved woody plants with acidulous watery juice, climbing by ten- 
 drils opposite the leaves (the stem being sympodial) or rarely wanting tendrils 
 and erect. Ba.se of petiole enlarged and articulated at insertion, commonly more 
 or less stipulate. Flowers small, paniculate-cymose, commoidy polygamous, 
 4-o-merous, with short hypogynous and scarcely lobed caly.v. Petals valvate in 
 the bud and deciduous. Hypogynous stamens as many as petals and ojiposite 
 thrin. Gvary usually girt with or its base adnate to a nectariferous disk or with 
 ghinds alternate with the stamens, 2-celled, with a pair of collateral anatrojwus 
 ovules erect from the base of each cell ; style terminal, undivided, or hardly any, 
 and stigma depressed. PVuit a berry, containing 1 to t bony seeds; cnd)ryo 
 
 1 Ordinal and technical generic characters by A. Graj*. 
 
420 VITACE.E. VUis. 
 
 minute, at the base of very hard albumen. (Characterized without reference to 
 Z,eea, wliich makes a transition to 3Ieliacece.) 
 
 ■* Nectariferous disk or glands surrouudiug the ovary or its base, and at least partly free 
 from it : plants climbing by tlie prehension and coiling of naked-tipped tendrils. 
 
 1. VITIS. Flowers polygamo-dioecious (i. e. some individuals perfect and fertile, others 
 sterile with at most rudimentary ovary), 5-merous. Corolla calyptrately caducous, the 
 petals in authesis cast off from the base while coliering by their tips. Hypogyuous disk 
 of 5 nectariferous glands alternate with stamens. Style short and thick, or conical. Berry 
 pulpy ; seeds pyriform, witli contracted l)eak-like base. Leaves simple in ours. 
 
 2. CISSUS. Flowers perfect or sometimes polygamous, 4-merous or several 5-merous. 
 Petals expanding in antiiesis. Disk annular or cupular, girting tlie base of the ovary .and 
 below adherent to it, the margins or summit free. Berry inedible, mostly with scanty 
 pulp ; seeds usually obovate-trigonous. Leaves simple or ternately compound. 
 
 * * No distinct disk or free nectariferous glands, but a nectariferous and wliolly confluent 
 thickening of the base of the ovary, or even this obsolete : plants climbing, mostly by 
 adhesion of dilated and disciform tips of the tendril-branches. 
 
 3. AMPELOPSIS. Flowers perfect or rarely sulvpolyganious, 5-merous. Petals expand- 
 ing in anthesis. Seeds trigonous-obovate, beakless. Leaves palmately coni])ound. 
 
 1. VlTIS, Tourn. Vine, Grapk-vixe. (The classical Latin name.) — A 
 widespread genus in the North Temperate Zone, richest in species in North 
 America. The species undergo marked adaptations to local conditions, and 
 several of them hybridize freely, so that the study of them is perplexing ; and 
 the difficulty is increased by the fact that the foliage varies in character on dif- 
 ferent parts of the plant, and herbarium material cannot properly represent the 
 fruit. The large viticultural interests of North America, outside of the hot- 
 houses and the Pacific Slope and Mexico, have been developed within the cen- 
 tury from the native species of grapes (chiefly Vitis Labrnsca and V. cestivalis) 
 and their hybrids with the Old World wine-grape ( Vitis vinifera). The last is 
 almost exclusively grown in California, and is sometimes inclined to be sponta- 
 neous. It has rounded and thinnish notched and more or less lobed leaves which 
 are either glabrous or arachnoid-tomentose beneath, intermittent tendrils, and 
 pulp of the fruit cohering with the skin. — Inst. 613; L. Gen. no. 161 ; DC. 
 Prodr. i. 633; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 242; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 163; Planch, in 
 DC. Monogr. Phaner. v. 321. 
 
 § 1. MuscADi'xiA, Planch. 1. c. 324. Bark bearing prominent lenticels, never 
 shredding : nodes without diaphragms : tendrils simple : flower-clusters small and 
 not much elongated : seeds oval or oblong, without a distinct stipe-like beak. — 
 Puncticulosis, Munson, Wild Grapes N. A. 8, 14. 
 
 V. rotundifolia, Michx. (Muscadine, Socthern Fox Grape, Bullace or Billit or 
 Bi LL Grape.) Vine with hard warty wood, running rampantly even 60 to 100 feet over 
 bushes and trees, and in the shade often sending down dichotomous aerial roots : leaves 
 ratlier small to medium (2 to 6 inches long), dense in texture and glabrous both sides (some- 
 times pubescent along the veins beneath), cordate-ovate and not lobed, mo.stly with a 
 prominent and sometimes an acuminate point (but somewhat contracted above the termina- 
 tion of the two main side veins), the under surface finely reticulated between the veins, tlie 
 teeth and the apex angular, coarse and acute, the l)asal sinus shallow, broad and edentate ; 
 petiole slender and (like the young growth) fine-scurfy, about the length of the leaf-blade : 
 tendrils (or flower-dusters) discontinuous, every third node being bare ; fruit-bearing clusters 
 
Viiis. \ir.\( K.K. 
 
 421 
 
 smaller than the sterile ones, an<l ripeniiip fr«>ni 3 to 20 prapes in a nearlv plol.ular l.iinc li ; 
 Ijcrries fallint; from lliu duster when ripe, spheriial or nearlv so ami larpe (half iniji to 
 ineh in diameter), with very thiek and toiif,'li skin and a touf,'h musky Hesh, dull purple in 
 eolor without hloom (in the Scu])pernonj,' variety silvery amher j,'re<Mi). ri|.e in Hummer and 
 early autumn; see.ls \ to § incli ionj,', shaped s..m<-thinf,' like a . off.-o hcrry. — Kl. ii. 231 ; 
 iMilhudit, \ijrnes Am. 2.13 ; I'laneh. 1. e. 3(12 ; Munson, Trans. Am. llort. six-. iii. 138, I'mc. 
 Am. I'om. Soc. xx. 97, Wild Grapes N. A. 14, (;ard. & For. iii. 474, Am. (;ar<i. xii. fiCI, & 
 Kev. Vit. vi. 425, f. 64, «j5 ; Britton in Bailey, Am. Gard. xiv. 353 ; F<k;x, Vitic. 29; Viala 
 & Havaz, Vigues Am. 47. I'. ^uh;/;ui, Bartram, Med. Kej). hex. 2, i. 22. I', vul/iimi, Am. 
 Autii. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 245 ; i:nj,'cim. Bushl.erg ("at. ed. 3, 19 ; not L. V. vuli>it,ii, var. 
 riitiinili/ii/id, Hegel, Art. llort. I'etmp. ii. 394. I', miisriiiliun, iinifiiliihi, rprrurosa, ]>tltiiln, 
 &, l-'loridnna, Haf. Am. .Man. Cirape Nines, IG, 17, are evidently (from the vorv jMM»r descrip- 
 tions) only forms of tiiiH species. — IJiver hanks, swamp.s, and rich woodlands and thickets, 
 S. Delaware, Vommons, to N. Florida and west to Kans:is and Texaw. 
 V. Munsoniana, .Simpson. (.MisT.vNO Gu.\i'K of Florida, Biiin or EvKitiiK.vJtivr, 
 <Ii;ai-i;.) \ery slender grower, preferring to run on tlie ground or over low hushes, more 
 nearly evergreen than the last, flowering more or less continuously : leaves smaller, thinner, 
 and more shining, more nearly circular in outline and le.ss jirominently pctinted ; the teeth 
 hroader in projwrtion to the Made and more open or spreading : clusters larger and more 
 thyrse-like; lurries a half smaller than in the la.-st and often more numerous, shining Mack, 
 with a more tender |)ul]), acid juice, no niuskiness, and thinner skin ; seeds half smaller than 
 in the last. — J. H. Simpson in .Munson, Addr. on Am. Grapes, Lansing, 1886, 5 (lieing a 
 reprint and revision of a paper in rroc. Am. Pom. Soc. xx., iu which this gra|)e is referred 
 to r. Flondana, Haf.) ; Mim.son, Troc. Soc. Prom. Agr. Sci. 1887, .59, Wild (irapes N. A. 
 14, Gard. & For. iii. 475, Am. (Jard. xii. 6G1, & Hev. Vit. vi. 427 ; I'lanch. 1. c. 015; Foex, 
 Vitic. 30. — Dry woods and sands, Florida, at Jacksonville, Lake City, and .<out)i wards, 
 apparently the only grape on the reef keys. (Also in the Bahamas.) Dilhcult to distin- 
 guish from V. rotuiulifolln in herharium specimens, hut distinct in tlie field. 
 
 § 2. EcviTis, Planch. Bark without distinct lenticels, on the ol<l wood 
 separating in long thin strips and fibres : nodes provided with diaphnignis : ten- 
 drils forked; flower-clusters mostly large and elongated: seeds pyriforni. — 
 Vignes Am. 102, & in DC. Monogr. Phaner. v. 322. 
 
 * Green-le.vved Grapes, mostly marked at maturity hy ahsence of jirominent white, 
 ru.sty, or Mue tomentum or scurf or conspicuous hloom on the leaves heneath (under sur- 
 face sometimes thinly puhescent, or minute patches of floccose wool in the axils of the 
 veins, or perhaps even cohwehhy) ; the foliage mostly thin : tendrils intermittent, i. e., 
 every third joint hearing no tendrils (or inflorescence). V. cineiea and T. Arizonica are 
 partial exceptions and might he looked for in ♦ *. 
 +- T'H//)/;irt-like grapes, characterized by thin light or bright green mostly glossy leaves 
 (which are generally glabrous below at maturity .«ave perhai)s in the axils of the veins 
 «uk1 in r. Chnmpini) with a long or at lea.st a prominent j)oint and usually long and largo 
 sharp teeth or the e<Iges even jagged. 
 ++ Leaves broader than long, with truiicate-obli(|ue base ( V. TnUasei might be sought here). 
 V. rupestris, Scheki.e. (S.vnd, Si(;ar, Hoc k, Bisn, or Moi nt.\in (in.^PK.) Shrub 2 to 
 (') feet high, or sometimes sligiitly climbing, the tendrils few or even none, diaphragms plane 
 and rather thin: leaves reniform to reniform-ovate (about 3 to 4 inches wide and two 
 thirds a.s high), rather thick, smooth and glabrous on both surfaces at maturity, marked by 
 a characteristic light glaucescent tint, the sides turned u]> so as to exjjose much of the 
 undr-r surface, the ba.se only rarely cut into a well markeil sinus, the margins very coarsely 
 angle-toothed, the boldly rounded top bearing a short abrupt point and sometimes two 
 lateral teeth enlarged and suggesting lobes : stamens in fertile fl<twers recurved laterally or 
 rarely ascending, those in the sterile flowers ascending < du.ster small, slender, open an<l 
 bninched ; berries small (} to i inch in diameter), purple-black and soiuewh.-it glaucous, 
 jdea.sant-tasted, ripe in late sunmier : seeds sni.ill and bmad. — Linna-a, xxi. 591 ; Planch, 
 in DC. Monogr. Phaner. v. 346; Millardet, Vignes Anj. 179, t. 18, 22; Kugelm. Bu.shberg 
 
422 VITACE.E. Vitis. 
 
 Cat. ed. 3, 18 ; Munson, Traus. Am. Hort. Soc. iii. 132, Proc. Am. Pom. Soc. xx. 97, Wild 
 Grapes N. A. 9, Gard. & For. iii. 474, Am. Gard. xii. 659, & Kev. Vit. iii. 139 ; Foex, Vitic. 
 45 ; Viala & Txavaz, Vignes Am. 102. — Sandy banks, low hills and mountains, District of 
 Colunihia and S. Pennsylvania to Tennessee, Missouri, and S. W. Texas. 
 
 Var. dissecta, Eggert, in lierb., is a form •with more ovate leaves and very long 
 teeth, and a strong tendency towards irregular lobiug. — Missouri. 
 
 ++ ++ Leaves ovate in outline, with a mostly well marked sinus. 
 = Diaphragms (in the nodes) thin : young shoots not red : leaves not deeply lobed. 
 
 V. monticola, Buckley. (Sweet Mountain Grape.) A slender trailing or climbing 
 plant (reaching 20 to 30 feet in height) with very long and slender branches, the young 
 growth angled and floccose (sometimes glabrous), the diaphragms plane and rather thin : 
 leaves small and thin (rarely reaching 4 inches in width and generally from 2 to 3 inches 
 higii), cordate-ovate to triangular-ovate, with the basal sinus ranging from nearly truncate- 
 oblique to normally inverted-Usbapeti, rather dark green but glossy above and grayish 
 green below, when young more or less pubescent or even arachnoid below, the l)lade either 
 prominentlv notched on either upper margin or almost lobed, the point acute and often ])T0- 
 longed, margins irregularly notclied with smaller teeth than in V. nipestris : clusters short 
 and" broad, much branched ; berries medium or small (averaging about ^ inch in diameter), 
 black or light colored, seedv, sweet ; seeds large (about J inch long) and broad. — Pat. Off. 
 Rep. 1861, 485, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, 450, & 1870, 136; Planch. 1. c. 367; Munson, 
 Wild Grapes N. A. 13, Gard. & For. iii. 475, Am. Gard. xii. 586, Kev. Vit. iii. 81, & v. 166, 
 f. 54, 55 ; Foex, Vitic. 44 ; Viala & Ravaz, \'ignes Am. 123. T'. Texaua, Munson, Proc. Soc. 
 Prom. Agr. Sci. 1887, 59. V. Foexeana, Planch. 1. c. 616. — Limestone iiills in S. W. Texas. 
 This species has been the subject of much misunderstanding. Buckley's description seems 
 to be confused, but his specimens of V. monticola (in herb. Acad. Philad ) are clearly tiie 
 small-leaved and glabrous species here designated. See, also, Viala, " Une Mission Viticole 
 eu Ame'rique," 1889,67 ; and V. BerJnndieri, below. 
 
 V. VUlpina, L. (Riverbank or Frost Grape.) A vigorous tall-climbing plant, with a 
 bright green cast to the foliage, normally glabrous young shoots, large stipules, and jdane 
 very thin diaphragms : leaves thin, medium to large, cordate-ovate, with a broad but usually 
 an evident sinus, mostly showing a tendency (which is sometimes pronounced) to 3 lobes, 
 generally glabrous and bright green below, but the veins and their angles often pubescent, 
 the margins variously deeply and irregularly toothed and sometimes cut, the teeth and the 
 long point prominently acute : fertile flowers bearing reclining or curved stamens, and the 
 sterile ones long and erect or ascending stamens : clusters medium to large on short pedun- 
 cles, branched (often very compound), the flowers sweet-scented ; berries small (less than \ 
 inch in diameter), purple-black with a heavy blue bloom, sour and usually austere, generally 
 ripening late (even after frost) ; seeds rather small and distinctly pyriform. — Spec. i. 203, 
 in part (see Britton in Bailey, Am. Gard. xiv. 353) ; Bailey, Am. Gard. xiv. 353, with plate ; 
 Rusby, Mem. Torr. Club, v. 221 ; Munson, Rev. Vit. iii. 161. V. riparia, Michx. Fl. ii. 231 ; 
 Sims,"Bot. Mag. t 2429 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl i. 244 ; Planch. 1. c. 352 ; Millffrdet, Vignes Am. 
 159, t. 18, 19, 23; Engelm. Bull. Torr. Club, vi. 233, & Bu.shberg Cat. ed. 3, 18; Munson, 
 Trans. Am. Hort. Soc. iii. 131, Proc. Am. Pom. Soc. xx. 97, Wild Grapes N. A. 9, Gard. & 
 For. iii. 474, & Am. Gard. xii. 659; Foe.x, Vitic. 49; Viala & Ravaz, Vignes Am. 132. 
 V. serotina, Bartram, Med. Rep. hex. 2, i. 22. V. odoratissima, Donn, Hort. Cantab, ed. 6, 
 62. ? V. IlUnornsis, & V. Missouriensis, Prince, Vine, 184, 185. ? V. tenuifolia, LeConte, 
 Proc. Acad. Philad. vi. 271, & Flora, 1853, 707. V. cordifolia, var. riparia. Gray, Man. 
 ed. 5, 113. V. vulpina, var. riparia, Regel, Act. Hort. Petrop. ii. 395. — New Brunswick, 
 ace. to Macoun, to N. Dakota, Kansas, and Colorado, and south to W. Virginia, Missouri, 
 and N. W. Texas; the commonest grape in the Northern States west of New England, 
 particularly abundant along streams. Variable in the flavor and maturity of the fruit. 
 Forms with petioles and under surfaces of leaves pubescent sometimes occur. Occasionally 
 hybridizes with V. Labrusca eastward, the hybrid being known by the tomentose young 
 shoots and unfolding leaves, and the darker foliage which is marked with rusty tomentura 
 along the veins of the less jagged leaves. 
 
 Var. preecOX, Bailey, n. comb., is the June Grape of Missouri, the little sweet fruits 
 ripening in July. — V. riparia, var. pnacox, Engelm. ace. to Bailey, Am. Gard. xiv. 353. 
 
Vitis. VITACE.E. 423 
 
 V. Treleasei, Mi'NSOn, in lierb. Plant slirulihy and murh liranrherl, climbing; little, the «niall 
 and mostly short (jjeni-rally shorter than the leaveH) temlrils deciduous tlie tirst year unles« 
 finding support, internodes sliort, the diapliragnis twice thicker (about j^ inch) than iu I'. 
 luil/tiiut and sliallow-biconcave : stipules less than one ijuarter iw lar^e a» in V. vul/iiud P 
 leaves lar<;e and j^rcen, very broad-ovate or even reniforni-*>vate (often wider than lonj;), 
 thin, glabrous and shining on both surfaces, the basal sinus very broad and open and making 
 no distinct angle with tiie jietiole, the margin uneiiualiy note h-toothed (not jagged :us in I'. 
 vulin'iui) and indistinctly .•Mobed, tiie apex much shorter than in I', vnlpimt : fertile (lowers 
 with very siiort recurved stamens, sterile with iL>»ccnding stamens : cluster small ('1 to 3 incliex 
 long); the l)errics \ incli or less thick, black with a thin bloom, ripening three weeks later 
 than r. vulfiina wlien grown in tiie same jdaco, tiiiuskinned ; pulp juicy and sweet; seeds 
 small. — Brewster County, S. W. Texiis, E. L. Gatjc, and New Mexico t<i Hradshaw Moun- 
 tains, Arizona. Little known, .ind jw.s.siidy a dry<-ountry form of V. ru//>in(i. In habit it 
 suggests ]'. Arizoiiira, var. i/ltihra, from which it is distinguisheil, am<iiig other things, by 
 its decidedly earlier (lowering and larger leaves with coarser teeth and less jjointed ape.x. 
 
 V. Longii, I'iunce. Differs from vigorous forms of V. viil/n'ita in having flocco.se or pul)e8- 
 cent young growth : leaves decidedly more circular in outline with more angular teeth an<l 
 duller in color, often distinctly pube.scent beneath : stamens in fertile flowers short and 
 weak and laterally reflexed, tho.se in sterile flowers long and strong: seeds larger. — \ine, 
 184 (1830). r. Soloiiis, Planch. Vignes Am. 1 1'.», & in DC. Monogr. Pliauer. v. .•}.'J4 ; Engelm. 
 Bushberg Cat. ed. 3, 18 ; Munson, Wild Grapes N. A. 9, Am. Card. xii. 660, & Rev. Vit. iii. 
 159; Foex, Vitic. 121 ; Viala & Ravaz, Vignes Am. 202. T. Xucvo-McxiraiKi.Leniuum in 
 Munson, Trans. Am. Ilort. Soc. iii. 132 ; Munson, Wine & Fruit Gr. vii. 8.") (188.')), Proc. Am. 
 Pom. Soc. XX. 97, & Proc. Soc. Prom. Agr. Sci. 18S7, .'J9. — N. W. Texa.s and New Mexico. 
 Regarded by Frendi authors as a hybrid, the species V. nipeslris, vul/iirtii, ra ml leans, ainl cor- 
 difolia having been suggested as its probalde parents. It is variable in character. In most of 
 its forms it would be taken for a compound of V. rupestris and 1'. viil/n'nti, but the latter 
 species is not known to occur in most of its range. It was very likely originally a hybrid 
 between I', rupestris (whidi it .sometimes closely resembles iu herbarium sj)eciuiens save for 
 its woolliness) and some tonientose species (possibly with W Arizonica or I'. D(tani<ina), but 
 it is now so widely distributed and grows so far removed from its suppo.sed parents and 
 occurs in such great (pumtity in certain areas, that for taxonomic purposes it must be kej)t 
 distinct. It is not unlikely that it has originated at different places as the product of unlike 
 hybridizations. Late French writers designate the jagged-leaved forms as V. Solonis. and 
 the dentate forms as V. Nuevo-Mexicann. This interesting grape was found some thirty 
 years ago by Engelmann in the Botanic Garden of Berlin under the name of Vitls Solonis, 
 without history. Engelmann guesses (Bushberg Cat. ed. 3, 18) the name to be a corrup- 
 tion of "Long's." It is probable that tlie plant was sent to Eurt)pean gardens as ]'ilis 
 Lonip'l — very likely from Prince's nursery — and the name was misread on the label. 
 The original name, whidi was duly publisiied by Prince witli description, may now be 
 restored. 
 
 Var. microsperma, Bah.ev, n. comb. (!'. Solonis, var. mlcrospermn, ^lunson, Bev. 
 Vit. iii. 160), is a very vigorous and small-seeded form, which is very resistant to drought. — 
 Ked Kiver. N. Texas." 
 
 V. Champini, Planch. Probably a hybrid of T'. rupestris or 1'. Berlandieri and T'. cnndi- 
 cans, bearing medium to large reniform or reniform-cordate leaves which are variously 
 pubescent or cobwebby but become glabr<nis, the growing tips mostly white-tomento^e : 
 berries very large and excellent. — .Tour. Vigne Am. vi. 22, ix. 192, & iu DC. Monogr. 
 Phaner. v. 327; Munson, Trans. Am. Ilort. Soc. iii. 137 (as liybrid), Proc. Am. Pom. Soc. 
 XX. 97, Wild Grapes N. A. 11, (Jard. & For. iii. 474, Am. Gard. xii. 661, t. opp. j.. .'J79, & 
 Rev. Vit. iii. 81 ; Foex, Vitic. 118; Viala & Havaz, Vignes Am. 192. — S. W. Texas. In 
 some jdiices a.ssociated with V. cnndlcans, Berlandleri, and mmticola only, and in others w ith 
 the above and I', rupestris. Often found composing dense thickets. 
 
 = = Diaphragms verv thick and strong : young shoots bright red : leaves often strongly 
 lobed. 
 
 V. palmata, Vmh.. (I{i;r> or Cat Gkatk.) A slender but .^tronggrowing vine, with 
 small long-jointed angled red glabrous herb-like shoots and red petioles; leaves small to 
 
424 \^TACE.E. Vitis. 
 
 medium, ovate-acuminate, dark green and glossy, sometimes indistinctly pubescent on the 
 nerves below, the sinus obtuse, tiie blade either nearly continuous in outline or (commonly) 
 prominentlv lobed or even parted, coarsely notched : stamens in the sterile flowers long and 
 erect: clusters loose and long-peduncle<l, l)ranclied ; the flowers opening late; berries small 
 and late {\ to | inch in diameter), black without l)looni, with little juice and commonly con- 
 taining but a single seed, which is large and broad. — Symb. iii. 42 ; DC. Prodr. i. 635 ; 
 Engelm. Bushberg Cat ed. 3, 17, & Bot. Gaz. viii. 254; Munson, Trans. Am. Hort. Soc. 
 iii. 133, & Proc. Am. Pom. Soc. xx. 97 ; Sargent, Gard. & For. ii. 340, f. 118. V. monosjjernui, 
 Michx. Journ. 124. T. rubra, Michx. ace. to Planch, in DC. Monogr. Piianer. v. 354 ; Mil- 
 lardet, Vignes Am. 223 ; Munson, Wild Grapes N. A. 13, Am. Gard. xii. 586, & Hev. Vit. v. 
 165; Foex, Vitic. 48 ; Viala & Ravaz, Vignes Am. 145. V. riparia, var. pahnata, Planch. 
 1. c. 352. — A handsome plant ; Illinois and Missouri to Louisiana and Texas. 
 ^_ ^_ CordlfoUa-\\ke grapes, witli thickish and dull-colored or grayish green leaves often 
 holding some close dull pubescence below at maturity (and the shoots and leaves nearly 
 always more or less pubescent when young), the teeth mostly short or at least not deep- 
 cut, the point mostly triangular and conspicuous. 
 
 •H- Plant strong and climbing, with stout persistent tendrils. 
 = Young shoots terete, and glabrous or very soon becoming so. 
 V. COrdifolia, Michx. (Tr0e Frost Grape, Chicken, Raccoon, or Winter Grape.) 
 One of the most vigorous of American vines, climbing to the tops of the tallest trees, and 
 sometimes making a trunk 1 or 2 feet in dianaeter : internodes long ; the diaphragms thick 
 and strong : petioles long ; leaves long-cordate, triangular-cordate witli a rounded base, or 
 cordate-ovate, undivided but sometimes very indistinctly 3-lobed or 3-angled, tlie basal sinus 
 rather deep and narrow and normally acute, the margin with large angular acute teetli of 
 different sizes and the point long and acute, the upper surface glossy and the lower bright 
 green and either becoming perfectly glabrous or bearing some close and fine inconspicuous 
 grayish pubescence on the veins : stamens erect in the sterile flowers and short reflexed- 
 curved in the fertile ones : clusters long and very many-flowered, most of the pedicels 
 branched or at least bearing a cluster of flowers ; berries numerous and small (about | inch 
 in diameter), in a loose bunch, black and only very slightly glaucous, late and persistent, 
 with a thick skin and little pulp, becoming edible after frost ; seeds medium and broad. — 
 FI. ii. 231 ; Pursh, Fl. i. 169 ; DC. Prodr. i. 634 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 244 ; Engelm. Am. 
 Nat. ii. 321, ix. 269, Bull. Torr. Club, vi. 2.33, & Bushberg Cat.'ed. 3, 17 ; Planch. 1. c. 3.50; 
 Millardet, Vignes Am. 169, t. 18, 19, 23 ; Munson, Trans. Am. Hort. Soc. iii. 133, Proc. Am. 
 Pom. Soc. xx. 97, Wild Grapes N. A. 1.3, Gard. & For. iii. 474, Am. Gard. xii. 586, & Rev. Vit. 
 V. 165; Foex, Vitic. 41 ; Britton in Bailey, Am. Gard. xiv. 353 ; Viala & Ravaz, Vignes, 
 Am. 93. V. puUaria, LeConte, Proc. Acad. Philad. vi. 273, & Flora 1853, 708. V. ruljiina, 
 var. cordifolia, Regel, Act. Hort. Petrop. ii. 394. — In thickets and along streams from 
 Pennsylvania (and probably S. New York) to E. Kansas and southwards to Florida and 
 Texas. 
 
 Var. fdetida, Engelm., has fetidly aromatic berries, and grows in the Missi.ssippi 
 Valley. — Am. Nat. ii. 321. 
 
 Var. sempervirens, Mttnson. A glossy-leaved form holding its foliage very late in 
 tlic season : leaves sometimes suggesting forms of V. palmata. — Rev. Vit. v. 165, f. 53. — 
 S. Florida. 
 
 Var. Helleri, Bailey, n. var. Leaves more circular (i. e., lacking the long point), and 
 the teeth round-obtuse and ending in a short mucro. — Kerr County, S. Texas, 1600 to 2000 
 feet, Heller, no. 1750. 
 
 = = Young shoots angled, and covered tlie first year with tomentum or wool. 
 V. Baileyana, Munson. ('Possum Grape.) Less vigorous climber than V. cordifolia, 
 Tuthv.r slender, with short internodes and very many short side shoots : petioles shorter and 
 often pubescent ; leaves frequently smaller, the larger ones shortly but distinctly 3-lobed 
 (lobes mostly pointed and much spreading), bright green but not shining above and gray 
 below and pubescent at maturity only on tlic veins, the point only rarely prolonged and 
 often muticous, the teeth comparatively small and notch-like and not prominently acute, 
 sinus more open : floral organs very small ; the stamens reflexed in the fertile flowers : 
 
Vili^. VITACK.E. 420 
 
 pedicels short, niakinc; tlie Imnch vorv conijact : bcrrien about tlio size of V. mrdifnlui. black 
 aiid nearly or (juiti' bloomk-ss, late ; sfc<l small ami notciuMl on top. — Vitin Hailevana (a 
 leaflet issued .June 20, IS'J3), &. Kev. Vit. vi.42l ; Itusby, Meni. 'I'orr. Cluli, v. 220. V. Vir- 
 (jinitina, Muu.son, Wild (irapcs N. A. U, Gard. & For. iii. 475, & Am. (iard. xii. 659, not 
 Lam. — .Mountain valleys, 800 to .'JOOO feet altitude, Sontliwe.stern \'irj;iriia anil adjacent 
 We,-<t \'iri;inia and Western North Carolina, Tennessee and N.CIeorfjia; also . it eonumm 
 levels in the uplands of West<entral (ieor^ia. 'I'he eiustern counterpart of I', litrliindieri. 
 V. Berlandieri, 1'i.anch. (MorNT.viN, Spanish, Fall, or Wintkk (Jkai-k.) A 8t<Kky 
 moderately climliing vine, with mostly short internodes and rather thick diaphra^^ms : 
 leaves medium-larj^e, broadly eor(late-<jvate orcordate-oriticular (frei|uently as broad as lonj;), 
 glabrous au<l glos.sy ai)Ove, covered at first with gray i)ubescence ImIow but becoming gla- 
 brous and even glo.s.sy except ou the veins, the sinus mostly invertefl-l'-shaped in outline but 
 often acute at the point of insertion of the petiole, the margin distinctly angled above 
 or shortly 3-lobed and marked by rather large o]ien notch-like acute teeth of varving 
 size, the apex mostly jnonounced an<l triangular-])ointed : stamens long and ascending in 
 the .sterile flowers, laterally recurved in the fertile ones : clu.sters compact and compound, 
 mostly .strongly shouldered, bearing numerous medium to small (^ inch or le.ss in diameter) 
 purple and slightly glaucous very late berries which are juicy and j)lea.sant-tasted ; seed (fre- 
 quently oidy I) medium to small. — Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, xci. 425-428, Jour. 
 Vigue Am. 1880, .■H8, & in DC. Mouogr. Phaner. v. 341 ; Foex, Vitic. 42; Munson, Gard. 
 & For. iii. 475, Wild Grapes N. A. 14, Am. Gard. xii. 65!i, Rev. Vit. iii. 81, & vi. 422, f. 62 ; 
 Viala & Ravaz, Vignes Am. 71. V. montlrohi, Engelm. Uushberg Cat. ed. 3, 15; Millardet, 
 Vignes Am. 199, t. 21 ; Munson, Trau.s. Am. Ilort. Soc. iii. 134, & Proc. Am. Pom. Soc. xx. 
 97 ; not Buckley. 1'. astivalis, var. moiitico/a, Engelm. Am. Nat. ii. 321. — Limestone soils 
 along streams and hills, S. W. Texas. Well marked by the gray-veinerl under surface of the 
 leaves. (Adj. Mex.) 
 
 V. Cinerea, En<;i:lm. (Sweet Winter Ghai-e.) Climbing high, with medium to long 
 internodes and thick and strong diaphragms : leaves large, broadly cordate-ovate to trian- 
 gular-cordate-ovate (generally longer than broad), the sinus mostly wide and obtuse, the 
 margin small-notched (teeth much smaller than in T'. lierhmdieri) or sometimes almost 
 entire, mostly distinctly and divaricately 3-angled or shortly 3-lobed towards tlie apex, the 
 triangular apex large and j)rominent, the upper surface cobwebby when young but becoming 
 dull dark green (not glossy), the under surface remaining ash-gray or dungray webby- 
 pubescent: stamens in .sterile flowers long, slender and ascending, in the fertile ones short, 
 and laterally recurved : cluster mostly loose and often straggling, containing many small 
 black berries, the.se only slightly if at all glaucous, rijiening very late, and after frost 
 becoming sweet and plea.sant ; seeds small to medium. — Bushberg Cat. ed. 3, 16; IMancb. 
 1. c. 343 ; Millardet, Vignes Am. 193, t. 18, 20, 24 ; Muu.son, Trans. Am. Ilort. Soc. iii. i;w, 
 Proc. Am. Pom. Soc. xx. 97, Wild Gr.apes N. A. 14, Gard. & For. iii. 475, Am. Gard. xii. 
 659, & Rev. Vit. vi. 423. f. 63 ; Foex, Vitic. 39 ; Viala & Ravaz, Vignes Am. 99. I', astivalis, 
 YAT. ^ rinfiea, Kngelm. in (Jray, Man. ed. 5, 679. — Along .streams, mostly in limy soils, 
 Central Illinois to Kansas and Texas ; also N. Florida. Readily distinguished from I', asti- 
 valis by the tri:uigular-to])ped sharply 3-lobed ash-gray leaves and the gray tomeuturo of 
 the young growth. (Me.x.) 
 
 Var. Floridana, Munson. Growing tips rusty-tomentose, a.s are .sometimes the veins 
 on the undersides of the leaves: cluster longer-jieduncled and more compound. — Wild 
 Gra])es N. A. 14, Gard. & For. iii. 474, & Rev. Vit. vi. 424. — Manatee Co., Florida, and aji- 
 parently alst) in Arkansas ; not unlikely a compound with \'. astiralis, but the leaves ha\e 
 the characteristic shape of ^'.riiiircd. Not to be confounded with any form of V. CariUni, 
 DC, because of the lobed triangular-top])ed leaves and much larger teeth. 
 
 Var. canescens, Bailey, n. comb. A form with rounded or heart-like leaves, the 
 
 upper h.ilf of the leaf Licking the triangular and 3-lobed shape of the type. — V. a-stiralis, 
 
 var. ranfsrpits, Engelm. Am. Nat. ii. 32\, ^fide spec, in herb. Gr.-xy. — St. Lonis, Missouri, 
 
 Engelmann, Efjfjert, and S. Illinois, Srhnerk, to Texas, Wriijht, and Cnrtiss no. 453 a, in part. 
 
 ++ -w- Plant scarcely climbing, the tendrils perishing if failing to find support. 
 
 V. Arizonica, F.n.;ei.m. (Canon Gkai-e.) Plant weak, much branched, with short inter- 
 nodes and thick diaphragms, branchlets angled : leaves mostly small, cordate-ovate and 
 
426 VITACE.E. VUis. 
 
 with a prominent triangular-pointed apex, the sinus broad or the base of the blade even 
 truncate, tlie teeth many and small and pointed or mutrouate, the margin either continuous 
 or very indistinctly 3-lobed (or sometimes prominently lobed on young growths), the leaves 
 and shoots white-woolly when young, but becoming nearly glabrous with age : stamens 
 ascending in sterile flowers and recurved in the fertile ones: bunches small and compound, 
 not greatly, if at all, exceeding tiie leaves, bearing 20 to 40 small black berries of pleasant 
 taste ; seeds 2 to 3, medium size. — Am. Nat. ii. 321, ix. 268, & Eusbberg Cat. ed. 3, 16 ; 
 rianch. 1. c. 340 ; Millardet, Vignes Am. 229 ; Munson, Trans. Am. Hort. Soc. iii. 132, Proc. 
 Am. Pom. Soc. xx. 97, Wild Grapes N. A. 10, Gard. & For. iii. 474, & Am. Gard. xii. 660 ; 
 Fuex, Vitic. 48 ; Viala & Ravaz, Vignes Am. 131. V. Arizonensis [Parry], Hep. Dept. Agric. 
 1870, 416. r. rts//r<7/7,s, var. ? Gray, PI. Wright, ii. 27 ; Torr. Pac. K. Kep. vii. 9. —Along 
 river banks, W. Texas to New Mexico and Arizona, mostly south of the 35th parallel, to 
 S. E. California. (Northern Mex.) 
 
 Var. glabra, Munson. Plant glabrous, with glossy and mostly thinner and larger 
 leaves. — Wild Grapes N. A. 10, Ganl. & For. iii. 474, & Am. Gard. xii. 660. — In mountain 
 gulches and caiions, with the species and ranging northwards into S. Utah. Readily distin- 
 guished from V. monticola by its triangular-pointed and small-toothed leaves. 
 ^— ^— H— Orbicular-scallop-leaved species of the Pacific Coast. 
 V. Californica, Bexth. A vigorous species, tall-climbing upon trees but making bushy 
 clumps when n(jt finding support, the nodes large and diaphragms ratlier tliin : leaves mostly 
 round-reniform (the broader ones the shape of a horse's hoof-print), ratlier thin, either gla- 
 brous and glossy or (more commonly) cottony-canescent until half grown and usually 
 remaining plainly pubescent below, the sinus ranging from very narrow and deep to broad 
 and open, the margins varying (on the same vine) from finely blunt-toothed to coar.sely 
 scallop-toothed (the latter a characteristic feature), the upper portion of the blade either 
 perfectly continuous and rounded or sometimes indistinctly 3-lobed and terminating in a 
 very short apex : bunches medium, mostly loug-peduncled and forked, the numerous small 
 berries glaucous-white, seedy and dry but of fair flavor; seed large {\ to ^ inch long), 
 prominently pyriform. — Bot. Sulph. 10; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 45; Buckley, Pat. Off. 
 Kep. 1861, 483 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 105, mostly ; Engelm. Bushberg Cat. ed. 3, 15 ; 
 Planch. 1. c. 339 ; Millardet, Vignes Am. 226 ; Munson, Trans. Am. Hort. Soc. iii. 137, Proc. 
 Am. Pom. Soc. xx. 97, Wild Grapes N. A. 10, Gard. & For. iii. 474, 475, & Am. Gard. xii. 
 660; Foex, Vitic. 32 ; Viala & Havaz, Vignes Am. 57. V. Cariba?a,Tovv. & Gray, Fl. i. 
 683, not DC. — Along streams in Central and N. California and S. Oregon. Leaves becom- 
 ing handsomely colored and mottled in fall. 
 
 * * Colored-leaved Grapes, marked by thick or at least firm foliage, the leaves promi- 
 nently rusty or white-tomentose or glaucous-blue below. V. ciitereu, V. Arizonica, and 
 possibly T'. Californica may be sought here ; and late-gathered forms of V. bicolor may be 
 looked for in *. 
 •i— Leaves only flocculent or cobwebby or glaucous below when fully grown (i. e., not covered 
 
 with a thick dense felt-like tomentum, except sometimes in V. Doaniana). 
 ++ White-tipped grapes, comprising species with the ends of the growing shoots and the 
 under surfaces of the leaves whitish or gray. 
 V. Girdiana, Munson. (Valley Grape.) Strong climbing vine, with thick diaphragms: 
 leaves medium to large and rather thin, broadly cordate-ovate, with a rather deep and 
 narrow sinus and nearly continuous or obscurely 3-lobed outline (sometimes markedly 3-lobed 
 on young shoots), the teeth many and small and acute, the apex short-triangular or almost 
 none, the under surface remaining closely ashy-tomentose : clusters large and very compound, 
 each one dividing into three or four nearly equal sections, which are in turn shouldered 
 and thyrse-like ; berries small, black and slightly glaucous, the skin thin but tough, pulp 
 finally becoming sweet ; seeds medium in size, pyriform. — Proc. Soc. Prom. Agr. Sci. 1887, 
 59, Wild Grapes N. A. 10, Gard. & For. iii. 474, & Am. Gard. xii. 660. — S. California, south 
 of tlie 36th parallel. Differs from V. Californica in the more pubescent shoots and foliage, 
 smaller and sharp teeth, decompound clusters, smaller less glaucous berries, and smaller 
 seeds. Shoots of V. Californica often bear leaves with small and muticous teeth, and such 
 specimens without the flower-clusters are difficult to distinguish from this species. Some 
 
Vilis. VITACK/E. 427 
 
 of the forms which have been referred to I'. Girdiana are evidently hybrids with tlie wine- 
 grape, r. riiii/eni ; and at best the plant is iiii|)crfeitly understixxl and its iiieritH xs a 
 sj)fcies are yet to be determined. 
 V. Doaniana, Minson. I'lant vifrdrous, diinbin/^ high or remaining bushy if failing to 
 find su|»port, with siiort internodes and ratiier tiiin diaphragms : leaves bluish green in cast, 
 mostly large, tliick and firm, cordate-ovate or round-ovate in outline, l»earing a prominent 
 triangular apex, the sinus eitiier deep or shallow, the margins with very large angular 
 notch-like teetii and m>)re or less prominent lobes, the under surface usuailv remaining 
 densely i)ubescent and the upper surface more or less Hoccose : cluster medium to small, 
 bearing large (| inch and less in diameter) Mack glaucous berries of excellent qualitv ; 
 seeds large (J to jj indi lung), distinctly pyriform. — Wild (irapes N. A. 9, Gard. & For. 
 iii. 474, Am. (iard. xii. G(JO, & Hev. \'it. iii. 100; \'iala & Havaz, Vignes Am. 204 (considering 
 
 it a hybrid of F. canJicdiis and the V. Lmii/ii group) ; Sears, (Jard. & For. ix. 4.54, f. S'J. 
 
 Chiefly in N. \V. Texas, but ranging from Greer Co., Oklahoma, to beyond the I'ecos Hiver 
 in New Mexico. The species varies greatly in pubescence, some specimens being verv 
 nearly glabrous at maturity and others densely wliite-tomentose. The plant would pa.s8 at 
 once as a liybri<l of I', nil/nna and I', niiiiliains excejit that the former does n(jt often occur 
 in its range. It is very likely a hybrid, however, and V. candicans seems to be one of the 
 parents. 
 
 ++ ++ Rusty-tipped grapes, comprising the ajstivalian group, the unfolding leaves and 
 (except in V. birolor) the young shoots distinctly ferrugineous, ami the mature leaves 
 either rusty or bluish below, or sometimes becoming green in ]'. bicolur. 
 V. aestivalis, Micux. (Simmer, Brxcn, or 1'igeon Gkai-k.) Strong tall-climbing vine, 
 witii medium-short internodes, thick diaphragms, and often jiubescent petioles : leaves mostlv 
 large, thinnish at first but becoming rather thick, ovate-cordate to round-cordate in out- 
 line, the sinus either deep (the ba.sal lobes often overlapping) or broad and open, the limb 
 always lobed or prominently angled, the lobes either .*$ or 5. in the latter ca.se the lubal 
 sinuses usually enlarged and rounded at the extremity, the apex of the leaf broadlv and 
 often obtusely triangular, the upper surface dull and becoming glabrous and the under 
 surface retaining a covering of copious rusty or red-brown pubescence which clings to the 
 veins and draws together in many small tufty masses : stamens in fertile flowers reflexed 
 and laterally bent : clusters mostly long and long-peduucled, not greatly branched or even 
 nearly simple (mo.stly interrupted wiien in flower), bearing small (\ inch or le.<s in diameter) 
 black glaucous berries, which have a tough skin and a pulp ranging from drvish anil as- 
 tringent to juicy and sweet ; seeds medium size (\ inch or less long), two to four. — ¥\. ii. 
 230 ; DC. Prodr. i. 634 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 244 ; Engelm. Am. Nat. ii. 321, & Bushberg Cat. 
 ed. 3, 16; Planch. 1. c. 334; Millardet, \'ignes Am. 185, t. 20, 23; Munson, Tran.s!'Am. 
 Ilort. Soc. iii. 134, Proc. Am. Pom. Soc. xx. 97, Wild Grapes N. A. 12, Gard. & For. iii. 474, 
 47.'), Am. Gard. xii. 584, & Ilev. Vit. v. 164; Brittou in Bailey, Am. (iard. xiv. 353; P^oex, 
 Vitic. 37 ; Viala & Havaz, Vignes Am. 69. V. si/lceslris, occidentals, & Aiiicriciimi, Bartram, 
 Med. Pep. hex. 2, i. 21, 23. 1'. Nortoni, Prince, Vine, 186. V. Labriisca, var. astimiis, 
 Kegel, Act. Hort. Petrop. ii. 396. V. bracteata, & V. araneosiis, LeConte, Proc. Acail. 
 Philad. vi. 271, 272, & Flora, 1853, 708. (There are specimens in herb. Aca<l. Philatl. labelle.l 
 V. araneosits, as if LeConte's type, but there is no proof that they are his type. These 
 specimens are V. clnerea, which is not known to occur in "the upper jtarts of Georgia," to 
 which r. araneosits is credited ; moreover, the "more or le.ss ferruginous" leaves belong to 
 V. (fsticalis rather than to V. cinerea.) — Chemung Co., New York (T. F. Luri/), and Long 
 Island to Central Florida {Xash, no. 525, Dalle ij), and we.stward through Southern Pennsxl- 
 vania to the Mississijjpi and Missouri. A marked type among American grajie.s, being 
 readily distinguished from other .species by the reddish fuzz of the under sides of the leaves. 
 Most of the tomentose-leaved species have been at one time or another confoumled with it, 
 but when allowed to stand by itself, it is not a difficult species to understand. 
 
 Var. glaiica, B.mi.ev, n. coml>. Leaves (and mature wood) glaucous-blue on the IkmIv 
 beneath, but the veins ru.«ty: berries and .seeds larger. — V- LlncecninH,\i\T. qlauca,y\x\\\snw, 
 Wibi Grapes N. A. 12, G.ard. & For. iii. 474, Am. Gard. xii. 585. & Kev. Vit. v. 159. — s! 
 W. Mis,souri to N. Texa.s. Much like V. bicolor, but leaves thicker and more pubescent 
 below, and tips of shoots rusty-tomentose. 
 
j^28 YTTACE.E. Vitis. 
 
 Var Linsecomii, Munson. (Post-oak, Pixe-wood, or Tcrket Grape.) More 
 stock V than T. .t*<(V"//s, climbing high upon trees but forming a bushy clump when not 
 fiiuliii"- support: leaves densely toinentose or velvety below: berries large (-^ to | incli 
 in (li'inieter) black and glaucous, mostly palatable; seeds mostly much larger tlian in 
 r asta-alis (often | inch long). — Proc. Am. Pom. Soc. xx. 97. l". dlversifolia, Prince, 
 Vine 183, not Wall. F. Linsecomii, Buckley, Pat. Off. Pep. 1861, 485, Proc. Acad. 
 Philad 1861, 451, & 1870, 136; Planch. 1. c. 338; Millardet, Vignes Am. 211, t. 21 ; Mun- 
 son Wild Grapes N. A. 12, Gard. & For. iii. 474, 475, Am. Gard. xii. 585, & Rev. Vit. v. 
 159'- Foex Vitic. 36; Viala & Kavaz, Vignes Am. 66. — High post-oak (Qnercus steUuta) 
 land's S W. Missouri to N. Texas and E. Louisiana. Very likely derived from the 
 a'stiualis type through adaptation to dry soils and climates. Perhaps wortli recognition as 
 a geograpliical .-ipecies. . 
 
 Var Bourquiniana, Bailey, n. comb. A domestic offslioot, represented m such 
 cidtivat'c.l varieties as Ilerbemont and Le Noir, differing from V. (tslivalis in its mostly 
 tiiinner leaves which (like the young shoots) are only slightly red-brown below, the pubes- 
 cence mostly cinereous or dun-colored or the under surface sometimes blue-green: berries 
 lar^re and iuicv, black or amber-colored.— V. Bourquiniana, Munson, Wild (irapes N. A. 
 12,''Gard. & For. iii. 474, Am. Gard. xii. 584, & Rev. Vit. v. 159; Viala & Ravaz, Vignes 
 Am. 237 (considering it a vinifera-cestiralis hybriil). — A mixed type, some of it probably 
 a direct amelioration of F.cEsiu-a/zs, and some hybridized with the wine-grape {Wvinifera). 
 Miu-h cultivated south. 
 
 V bicolor, LeConte. (Blue Gkape, or Summer Grape of tlie North.) A strong high- 
 *climl)ing vine, with mostlv long iuternodes and tliick diaphragms, the young growth and 
 canes generally perfectly glabrous and mostly (but not always) glaucous-blue, tendrils and 
 petioles very long: leaves large, round-cordate-ovate in outline, glabrous and dull above 
 and very heavily" glaucous- blue below, but losing the bloom and becoming dull green 
 very late in the season, those on the young growth deeply 3-5-lobed and on the older 
 growths shallowly 3-lobed, the basal sinus running from deep to shallow, tiie margins mostly 
 shallow-toothed or sinuate-toothed (at least not so prominently notch-toothed as in V. cesti- 
 valis) ■ cluster mostly long and nearly simple (sometimes forked), generally with a long or 
 prominent peduncle; the purple and densely glaucous berries of medium size (^ inch or less 
 in diameter), sour but pleasant-tasted when ripe (just before frost) ; seeds rather small. — 
 Proc Acad. Philad. vi. 272, & Flora, 1853, 708; Planch, in DC. Monogr. Phaner. v. 614; 
 Munson, Wild Grapes N. A. 12, Gard. & For. iii. 474, Am. Gard. xii. 585, & Rev. Vif. v. 163 ; 
 Foex, Vitic. 37 ; Viala & Ravaz, Vignes Am. 68. V. argentifilia, Munson, Proc. Soc. Prom. 
 Agr.'sci. 1887, 59. — Abundant northwards along streams and on banks, there taking the 
 place of V. cBstmalis. Ranges from New York and Illinois to the mountains of W. North 
 Carolina, BaiUy, and to W. Tennessee, Fendler. Well distinguislied from V. asiivalis (at 
 least in its northern forms) by tlie absence of rufous tomentum, the blue-glaucous small- 
 toothed leaves, and long petioles and tendrils. It has been misunderstood because it loses 
 its glaucous character in the fall. 
 
 V Caribeea, DC. Climbing, with flocculent-woolly (or rarely almost glabrous) and striate 
 "slioots : tendrils rarely continuous : leaves cordate-ovate or even broader and mostly acumi- 
 nate-pointed, sometimes obscurely angled above (but never lobed e.xcept now and then on 
 young shoots), becoming glabrous above but generally remaining rufous-tomentose below, 
 the margins set with very small mucro-tipped sinuate teeth: cluster long and long- 
 peduncled, generally large and very compound ; berry small and globose, purple ; seed 
 obovate, grooved on the dor.sal side. — Prodr. i. 634; Griseb. Fl. W. Ind. 102; Planch. 
 1. c. 330'; Engelm. Bushberg Cat. ed. 3, 15. — A widely distributed and variable species in 
 the American tropics, running into white-leaved forms (as in V. Blanroi, Munson). Little 
 known in the United States; Louisiana, Hooker; Lake City, N. Florida, Nash, no. 2493; 
 swamp, near Jacksonville, Florida, Curliss, no. 4791. 
 
 H- -1- Leaves densely tomentose or felt-like beneath throughout the season, the covering 
 
 white or rusty-white. 
 ++ Tendrils intermittent (every third joint with neither tendril nor inflorescence opposite). 
 
 V candicans, Esgelm. (Mustang Grape.) Plant strong and high climbing with 
 densely woolly 'young growth (which is generally rusty-tipped), and very thick diaphragms: 
 
Vitv^. VITACK.E. 42'.) 
 
 leaves medium in size and more or less jxiplar-like, ranging from reni form-ovate to cordate- 
 ovate or trianiL^uhir-ovate, dnil alnivu Imt very denBidy wliite-ioiiu-ntoHe IkjIow and on the 
 jietioles, tlie Itiisal siniis very hmad arid open or usually none wliatever (llie [nine of tin- leaf 
 then nearly truncate), deijdy 5-7-lohed (wilii enlarging Munded ninu»cn) on the Htrong 
 shoots and more or less indistini-lly lohed or only angled on the nornuil growths, the niarginN 
 wavy or sinuate-toothed : stamens in the sterile llowers lung and strong, those in the fertile 
 flowers very short and laterally retlexed : cluster small, mostly liranehed, i>earing a dozen 
 to twenty large (J inch or less in diameter) purple or light-«olored or even whitish Iw-rries, 
 which have a thick skin and a very disagreeaMe tiery flavor; seeds large, pyriform. — 
 Kngelin. in (iray, I'l. Lindli. j.t. 2, IGO, Am. Nat. ii. 321, & Hushherg Cat. ed .1, !>) ; I'lanch. 
 1. c. 32G; Munson, Trans. Am. Hurt. Soc. iii. I."t7, I'roc. Am. I'om. Soc. .\x. ItT, Wild (JrajM-s 
 N. A. 11, Ciard. & For. iii. 474, & Am. (iard. xii. fif.l ; Im.Ox, Vitic. ."U ; \iala & Havaz, 
 Vignes Am 61. 1'. Mustaiifjensis, Buckley, I'at. Off. Kep. 1801,482, I'roc. Acad. I'hilad. 
 1861, 451, & 1870, 136. I'. Lnhnisca, var. jicifulUi, Kegel, Act. Hort. I'etrop. ii. 3'J6. — 
 v.. 'lexa-s, mostly on limestone soils. 
 
 Var. COriacea, H.mi.kv, n. comli. (I..k.\theu-lkak orCAH.oosA Orai'E.) Differs 
 from the siieiies cliietly in licaring much smaller (about | inch in diameter) thinner-skinned 
 and more edilile grapes with mostly smaller seeds, and perhaps a less tendency to very deep 
 lolling in the leaves on young siioots and possilily rather more marked rustiness on the young 
 growths. — V. roriareu, Shuttl. distr. pi. Kugel (('hai)m. V\. S. States, 71 ) ; I'lanch. 1. c. 345; 
 Munson. Wild Grapes N. A. II, Gard. & For. iii. 474, & Am. Card. xii. 661 ; Focx, \'itic. 
 34 ; Viala & Havaz, Vigues Am. 61. V. ('arihua, Chapm. Fl. 71 ; Munson, Trans. Am. Ilort. 
 Soc. iii. 136; not DC. — Florida, chiefly .southward, in which range various Texan plants 
 reappear. The more agreeable quality of the fruit is probably the result of a more e<iuable 
 and moister climate. 
 
 V. Simpsoni, Mlnson. Distinguished by mostly much-cut leaves on the young shoots 
 and coniiiaratively thin large and large-toothed ones on the main shoots, ru.sty-white tomen- 
 tuni below and very jiromiiiently brown-tomentose young growths, — the character of the 
 leaves and tomentum varying widely, the foliage sometimes becoming almost blue-greeu 
 below. — I'roc. Soc. I'rom. Agr. Sci 1887, 59, Wild Grapes N. A. 12, (iard. & F'or. iii. 474, 
 Am. Gard. xii. 661 (said to be hybrid of V. corlacm and V. cineren), & Rev. Vit. v. 164, 
 f. 52 ; Viala & Havaz, Vignes Am. 221 (calling it a hybrid of F. cinerea and V. coriarea). 
 — (Vntral Florida, Lake Co., A'a.s/i. no. 399 ; Manatee River, 7?«7«'/, no. 112, etc. This is 
 likelv a hvbrid of I'. <istir(ills and I', cmnlirans, var. con'acea. Some forms of it are verj- 
 like r. Liihiiisoi, and might be mistaken for that species. 
 
 ■H- -H- Tendrils mostly continuous (a tendril or inflorescence opposite every node). 
 
 V. Labrusca, L. (Fox Grape, Skunk Gkape.) A strougvine, climbing high on thickets 
 and trees : voung shoots tawny or fuscous with much scurfy down : leaves large and thick, 
 stronglv veined (especially beneath), broadly cordate ovate, mostly obscurely 3-lobed towards 
 the top (on strong growths the sinuses sometimes extending a third or even half the 
 dejjth of the blade, and rounded and edentate at the bottom) or sometinu's nearly con- 
 tinmms in outliue and almost deltoid-ovate, the pctiolar sinus mostly shallow and very oj)en 
 (ranging to narrow and half or more the length of the petiole), the margins shallovrly 
 scallop-toothed with mucro-iiointed teeth (or sometimes almo.st entire), and the apex and 
 lobes acute, the upper surface dull green and becoming glabrous but the lower surface 
 denselv covered with a tawny-white, ilun-colored or red-brown tonientum : stamens long and 
 erect in the sterile flowers ami (in wild forms) short and recurved in the fertile <>nes: raceme 
 short (berries usually less than 20 in wild types), generally simple or very nearly so, in an- 
 thesis about the length of the peduncle : berries large and nearly spherical, ranging from 
 purple-black (the common C(dor) to red-brown and amber-green, generally falling from the 
 peijicel when ripe, variable in ta.ste but mostly sweetish musky and sometimes slightly 
 iistringent. the skin thick and tough; seeds very large and thick. — Sjiec. i. 2(KJ, in i>art ; 
 Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 244; (Jray, Gen. 111. ii. t. 161 ; F.ngelm. Hnshberg Gat. ed. 3. 14; Mil- 
 lardet, Vignes Am. 219; Mun.xon, Trans. .\m. Ilort. .Stc. iii. 136. l'r»H-. Am. Tom. Soc. xx. 
 97, & Rev. Vit. V. 157 ; Hritton in Railey, Am. Gard. xiv. 353 ; Vi.ila & Ravaz. Vignes Am. 
 51. r. riiljiinn, Rartram, Med. Rej). hex. 2, i. 21. and other authors. \'. /ilnm/i. Prince. 
 Vine, 177. V. Labrusca, var. typira, Hegel, Act. Ilort. I'etrop. ii. 395. — New England and 
 
430 VITACE^. Cissus. 
 
 southwards in the Alleghany region and highlands to West-central Georgia. Not known to 
 occur west of E. New York in the North, but reported from S. Indiana, ^lunson. The parent 
 of the greater part of American cultivated grapes. It is often confounded with l". astiuulis 
 in the South, from which it is distinguished by the habitually continuous tendrils, the more 
 felt-like leaves which are not floccose, and especially by the small-toothed leaves, very short 
 clusters and large berries and seeds. 
 
 2. CiSSUS, L.^ (Kio-o-os, Greek name of Ivy.) — A vast genus, mainly 
 tropical, of various habit, the typical species 4-merous, some of the 5-merous 
 species near to Vitis. — Amoen. Acad. i. ed. Holm. 389, ed. Lugd. Bat. 115, & 
 Gen. ed. 5, no. 137. Atnpelopsis, Wioicissus, Cissus, etc., Planch, in DC. 
 Monogr. Phaner. v. 453, 463, 470. 
 
 § 1. Flowers mostly 5-merous and perfect: disk cujiulate or at length ex- 
 planate, with barely lobed or crenate border, its base coherent with that of the 
 ovary: berries soon dry or with scanty pulp, inedible: tendrils in ours few, and 
 mostly in the inflorescence : foliage, etc., not fleshy. — Ampelopsis, Raf., Planch., 
 and partly Michx. 
 
 C. Ampelopsis, Pers. Nearly glabrous, moderately climbing : leaves simple (2 to 4 
 inches Inng), deltoid-subcordate or with truncate base, acutely serrate, acuminate, some- 
 times tricuspidate by obscure lateral lobes: cupulate disk as high as the ovary and free 
 almost to base : style slender : berries bluish or greenish, mawkish, the size of peas. — Syn. 
 i. 142; Pursh, Fl. i. 170; Torr. Fl. N. & Midd. States, 266. Ampelopsis cordata, Michx. Fl. 
 i. 159 ; DC. Prodr. i. 633 ; Planch. 1. c. 453. A. cordl/olia, Raf. Med. Bot. ii. 122. Vitis indi- 
 visa, Willd. Berol. Baum. ii. 538 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 243. — Banks of streams, Virginia 
 and Ohio to Illinois, south to Florida aud Texas ; fl. spring. (Mex.) 
 
 C. stans, Pees. Glabrous or glabrate, erect, rarely with a few tendrils and somewhat 
 climbing : leaves bipiunately compound ; pinniB and leaflets about 2 pairs and an odd one ; 
 leaflets ovate and cuneate-obovate, incisely few-toothed : cymes shorter than the leaves : disk 
 shorter than the ovary and largely adnate to it : style conical-subulate : berries dark purple ; 
 seeds with a prominent and oval dor.sal chalaza. — Syn. i. 143 ; Pursh, 1. c. C. bipinnata, 
 Nutt. Gen. i. 144; Ell. Sk. i. 304. Vitis arhorea, L. Spec. i. 203; Marsh. Arb. 164; .Tacq. 
 Hort. Schoenb. iv. 14, t. 428. V. bipinnata, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 243 ; Chapm. Fl. 70. Ampr.- 
 lopsis bipinnata, Michx. Fl. i. 160; DC. 1. c. ; Planch. 1. c. 461. Hedera arborea, Walt. Car. 
 102. {Cissus orientalis, Lam., is a related species of Asia Minor, with 4-merous flowers.) — 
 Banks of streams, Virginia to S. Illinois aud Missouri, S. Florida, aud Texas ; fl. summer. 
 (Mex., Cuba.) 
 
 § 2. Flowers 4-merous and mostly perfect : disk cupulate, united with the base 
 of the ovary, the margin 4-lobed : tendrils mostly strong : foliage in ours thick 
 or even fleshy (detaching in drying). — Cissus, Planch. 
 * Leaves 3 -lobed or trifoliolate. 
 
 C. acida, L. A low climber, with slender and striate somewhat succulent branches, glabrous : 
 leaves trifid or trifoliolate ; the leaflets or divisions broad-cuneate and sharp-toothed on top, 
 rather small : flowers small, in corymb-like or umbel-like clusters : berry ovoid aud mucro- 
 nate, dark purple, with 1 or 2 large seeds, the pedicel recurved at maturity. — Spec. ed. 2, 
 i. 170; DC. Prodr. i. 6.30; Griseb. Fl. W. Ind. 102 ; Planch. 1. c. 5.34, in part. Vitis ncidn, 
 Chapm. Fl. 70. — Key West; also in Arizona, Pringle, no. 371, Lemmon, no. 5.3.3. 
 (W. Ind., Mex.) 
 
 C. incisa, Desmoul. Either slender or a strong climber, sometimes reaching 20 to 30 feet, 
 with very fleshy stems, the tendrils sometimes penetrating the support like roots : leaves 
 
 1 § 1 and C. Ampelopsis & stans by A. Gray. 
 
AmjKlupsls. VITACE.E. 431 
 
 pale green, 3-parted or trifoliolate, very fleshy; the divisions or leaflets wedge-ovate and 
 mostly notched on the sides as well as on tlie top, and the middle one sometimes luhed : 
 inflorescence umliflliform : herry obovuid, bhickisli, with 1 or 2 seeds, the pedicel gtrongly 
 recurved. — Desniuul. in Durand, Monogr. Vit. 59 ; Planch. 1. c. 5.35. C. iwisa, var. Jiocfuaiiu, 
 Carr. Uev. Hurt. hi. 272, Hgs. C. Rorluuiui, I'lanch. Jour. Vigne Am. 1888,102. Vitl» 
 iiirisd, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 24.'}; Ciiapm. Fl. 70. 1'. aridn, riancli. 1. c., in jiart. — 
 Arkansas and Te.xas; also Florida, St. Vincent's I.sl. and Ilillshuro Hiv.r, Curti.sx, no. 458, 
 and probably southward. Leaves various. Nut unlikely a geogra))lii(;il form of tiie liL^t. 
 Root sometimes tuberous-thickened. 
 
 # * Leaves not lobcd. 
 C. sicyoides, L., var. Floridana, Planch. Climbing, witli pilose Ptriato brandios: 
 leaves ovate-oblong and often acuminate, subcordate at tlie base, strongly nerved, pubes- 
 cent below (at least on the veins), tiie margin beset witii small ascending nmcronate teeth: 
 inflorescence umbel-like and peduncled ; berry nearly gloimlar, black, 1-seeded. — I'lanch. 
 in DC. Monogr. Phaner. v. 530. — S. Florida: Caluosaliatchee Hirer to Cape Sable, C'nrtiss, 
 no. 457*. A form in whicii the flowers are transformed (by the fungus UsiIUkjo Cissi) into 
 cigar-form bodies, tlie duster becoming elongated, is S pond y I ant ha aji/iylla, Presl. — Cape 
 Romano, Florida, Curtiss, and the West Indies. 
 
 3. AMPEL6PSIS,^ Michx., in part. ("A/ATreXo?, tlic vine, oi/^is, likeness.) 
 — E. North American and Asiatic woody climbers, with short and branched ten- 
 drils, their tips often with di.sk-like dilatations which adhere to impinged surfaces. 
 Cymes not tendriliferous. Flowers greenish, sestival. Leaves various. — Fl. 
 i. 159, in part; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 245; Gray, Man. ed. 1-6, & Gen. 111. ii. 
 165, t. 162. Quinaria, Raf. Am. Man. Vines (1830), 6, & Med. Bot. ii. 122. 
 Landukia &, Parthenocissus, Planch, in DC. Monogr. Phaner. v. 446, 447 
 (1887). 
 
 A. tricuspidAta, Sieb. & Zucc. Fam. Nat. Fl. Jap. (Ahh. Akad. Miinchen, iv.) i. 88 (the 
 A. Veltchii of gardens), — a Japanese species, remarkable for its three forms of leaves, two 
 of them simple, and the greater development of what answers to ovarian disk, — is in common 
 cultivation as Jn/mnese In/, Jajianese Creeper, or Boston Vine. It promptly covers walls, attach- 
 ing itself firmly by means of its very short disciferous tendrils. .^1. hetcrophijlla, Blume (Lan- 
 dukia Landuk, Planch.) is a clear congener. 
 
 A. quinquefolia, Michx. (Virginia Creeper, "Woodhine erroneously.) Tall vine, 
 climbing by both disciferous tendrils and aerial rootlets, with warty and dark-colored canes: 
 leaves palmately .3-7-foliolate, but normally 5-foliolate, the leaflets ovate or obovate to oblong- 
 ovate, cuneate-obovate or even oblong-lanceolate, upon distinct petiolules, ranging from 
 coarsely serrate to dentate, notched or even incised-dentate, mostly acuminate, generally 
 glabnms or soon becoming so: cymes various but mostly broadly dichotomous, sometimes 
 elong.ated and leafy : berries globular, the size of pea.s, purjde witii a dark blue bloom, the 
 pulp thin and subacid. — Fl. i. 160; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 114; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 245 (and 
 var. hirsuta); Gray, Gen. Ill ii. t. 162. .1. hederacea, DC. Prodr. i. 633 ; Loud. Arb. i. 482, 
 f. 146. A. hirsuta, Donn, Hort. Cantab, ed. 6, 62; DC. I.e. 633. Vitis hederacea, Ehrh. 
 Beitr. vi. 85. V. quinqnefolia, Lam. 111. ii. 135. Hedera quinquefolia, L. Spec. i. 202. Quinaria 
 hederacea, & Q. hirsuta, Raf. Med. Bot. ii. 122. Cissus hederacea, Pers. Syn. i. 143. Par- 
 thenocissus quinquefolia and vars. ti/j>ica, hirsuta, & laciniata. Planch, in DC. Monogr. Phaner. 
 V. 449. — Rich woods and banks, Quebec to Winnipeg and the Rocky Mountains, and to 
 S. Florida, Texas, and New Mexico. (Cul)a.) 
 
 Var. vitdcea, Knerr. Aerial roots none, and tendrils little or not at all disciferous 
 (the vine tlierofore not dinging well) ; the canes smoother: cymes rather more dichotO" 
 mous and open : berries larger and earlier. — Bot. Gaz. xviii. 70. Parthenocissus vitaceot 
 Hitchcock, Spring Fl. Maniiattan, 26 (1894). — Michigan to Kansas. 
 
 1 Remarks under genus, and account of A. tricuspidala, by A. Gray. 
 
432 SAPINDACE.E. 
 
 Viir. heptaphylla, Gray, n. comb. Leaflets smaller, mostly 6 or 7, generally very 
 strongly toot lied or iucised, the fruit clusters more or less peudulous. — .1. hejituphylla, 
 Buckley, Troc. Acad, riiilad.^1861, 430, 1870, 136. — Texas. 
 
 Var. pubescens, Bailey, u. comb. Leaflets grayish-pubesceut below, mostly bluntly 
 toothed, and intlorcscence elongated. — ,!, pubesa'ns, Schlect. Liunaja, x. 251. Vitis pubes- 
 cens. Mill. Auu. i\Ius. Hot. Lugd.-Bat. i. 90. — Uccurs iu ISortheru Me.\.ico, aud probably iu 
 our southwestern territory. 
 
 Order XLIV. SAPINDACEiE. 
 
 By B. L. Koiunson. 
 
 Trees, shrubs (very rarely herbs), or in warm countries lianas. Flowers regu- 
 lar or zygomorphous, in Suborder I perfect, iu the other suborders often appear- 
 in*' perfect or polygamous, yet generally through reduction or suppression of one 
 set of essential organs, monoecious or (in Dodonoea and rarely in Acer) dioecious. 
 Calyx inferior, mostly (4-)5-parted or -divided; segments or sepals imbricated or 
 rarely valvate in bud. Petals in regular flowers usually 5, in zygomorphous 4 
 (the posterior obsolete). Disk annular, crenate, or lobed, often glandular, in 
 Dodontva and sometimes in Acer obsolete. Stamens usually 8 or 10 (4 to oc), 
 hypogynous or sometimes somewhat perigynous, mostly inserted within or upon 
 (sometimes on the outer edge of) the disk ; anthers introrse, 2-celled, dehiscent 
 by longitudinal slits ; filaments usually pubescent. Style simple or more or less 
 deeply 2-3(-4)-cleft or -divided ; ovary few (mostly 2-3)-celled ; ovules solitary, 
 geminate, or rarely more numerous in the cells, usually attached to the axis and 
 ascending with rhaphe ventral. — A large and, as here taken, somewhat composite 
 order. The principal and more typical suborder {Sapindecc) is chiefly tropical 
 and includes a large number of genera, most of which are small or even mono- 
 typic. Two considerable genera, Serjania and Paullinia, woody climbers of 
 Tropical America are noteworthy for the variety and complexity in the structure 
 of their stems. 
 SuBOKDER 1. STAPHYLINE^E. Flowers perfect, regular. Sepals, petals, and 
 
 stamens of the same number. Fruit (iu ours) capsular, vesicular-inflated ; seeds 
 
 albuuiinous, several in each cell. 
 
 1. STAPHYLEA. Sepals concolorous with the petals, oblong, erect, imbricated in the bud. 
 Disk fleshy. Carpels (2 to) 3; styles slender; stigmas capitate or snbcapitate. Fruit 
 bladder-like, with (2-)3-horned summit; seeds several and nearly horizontal, biseriately 
 arranged along the inner angle of each cell. 
 
 Suborder IT. ACERIXE^E. Flowers regular, polygamous, andromonoecious or 
 androdioecious or (in Acer § Negnndo) dioecious. Petals (often wanting), when 
 present, as many as the sepals. Fruit normally of 2 diverging carpellary sama- 
 roid more or less coherent nutlets, or (in certain foreign species) capsular with two 
 samaroid valves. Trees and erect shrubs with opposite leaves. 
 
 2. ACER. Flowers polygamo-dicecious or dioecious, in lateral or terminal umbellate, race- 
 mose, or paniculate inflorescences. Petals usually about 5 and isomerous with the calyx- 
 lobes or wanting. Stamens more often anisomerous, in 9 flowers reduced or (in § Negnndo) 
 wanting. Disk either intra- or extra-stamineal, or bearing the stamens, mostly creuate or 
 
SAIMNDAt'K.K. 433 
 
 lobed, rarely rudimentary or wanting. Styles 2, elongated, filiform, introrselv Ptigmatose 
 Nutlets l-a-seeded, each .suruK.uuted by a nioHtly ol)loug-ol.ii.|iie ..l)tiis(- vi-inv niorpliojogi- 
 cally a.-.oudiiig or widely sjjrea.ling d-.rsal wiug, wliith i« tliiikened and nerved on the 
 outer margin; seeds horizontal or iiscendiug, laterally c..m|.rcs«e.l ; en.hrvo varioaxly 
 oriented, with thin elongated spirally coiled or irregularly folded cotvledonH. 
 SuKOKOKK III. DODONMLK. Fruit (in ours) a septicidal ;5(-M)-wiiige,l capsule ; 
 seeds exalbuniinous. Flowers regular, apin-aring polygaiuous, l,ut l.y aLortiorl 
 dioecious. Petals, when present, of tlie same nunilMjr as tlie calvx-Iohes. Di.sk 
 (in ours) obsolete.- Erect shrubs ; tlie American witli simple altc-rnate oblong or 
 narrower leaves. 
 
 3. DODON^A. Flowers small. Petals 0. Calyx 3-.5-lMl,ed. Stamens 5 to 8 or rarely 
 more numerous ; filaments sliort ; anthers innate. Carpels 3 or 4 ; styles united to or nearly 
 to the ape.\; ovary siiarply angled, .•J-4-eelled ; cells 2-ovuled ; placentae on the axis; the 
 upper ovule of each pair ascending, the lower pendulous. 
 
 SuBOKDKK IV. SAPINDE.E. Flowers irregular or (in Sapindus) sub-regular, ain 
 pearing polygamou.s, but not truly perfect. Sepals or calyx-lobes 4 or 5. Petals 
 often of unequal number, tlie posterior one commonly reduced or absent. Disk 
 present, variously developed. Fruit capsular, or more or less deeply divided into 
 samaroid or rarely baccate carpellary lobes. Seeds exalbuininous. Leaves alter- 
 nate, pinnately oi- ternately compound. 
 
 * Fruit a ;3-celled septicidal or septifragal capsule of mostly 3 samaroid carpels more or less 
 coherent about the axis: flowers irregular : shrubby clin'ibers. 
 
 4. URVILLEA. Sepals 5. Capsule i)apery, 3-angled and 3-winged, septicidal or sej.ti- 
 fragal; wings tliin, of nearly equal breadtii from the base to the summit. Leaves teriiate. 
 Otlierwise ;is in the next. 
 
 5. SERJANIA. Flowers zygomorphous. Sepals 5 (or 4). Petals 4, apjiendaged. Stamens 8. 
 Disk present, somewhat irregular, bearing 2 larger upper and 2 smaller lower glands. Fruit 
 with .-5 turgid at length separable seminiferous often reticulated or tomentulose lobes at the 
 summit, each extended downward along the axis into a semi-ovate or very rarely semi- 
 obovate or -oblanceolate wing. Inflorescences axillary and ternn'nal, pedunculate and sub- 
 tended by 2 or 3 recurved and coiling tendrils. Leaves mostly biternate. 
 
 * * Fruit a bladdery inflated loculicidal capsule : teudriliferous herbaceous climber with 
 l)itornate leaves. Ovules solitary in the cells. 
 
 6. CARDIOSPERMUM. Flowers zygomorphous. Sepals .5 or more commonly, by the 
 union of 2 of them, reduced to 4, these broad and very obtuse, in two unequal ])air.s. I'etals 
 4, alternating with the sepals, imbricated in the bud, each l)earing from near tiie ba.se an 
 irregular .somewhat unguiculate winglike or hooked appendage; the appendages of the 
 upper petals being larger. Disk extra-.stamineal, l)earing opposite each of the upper iH-tals 
 a short and rounded or long-cornute gland. Stamens 8, deflexed. Seeds exarillate, bbuk 
 with light-colored scar. 
 
 * * * Fruit of I to (rarely) 3 indehiscent baccate wingless rounded carpellarv segments: 
 flowers regular or nearly so (sepals often somewhat unequal) : our species trees or erect 
 shrubs. 
 
 -«— Ovules solitary in the cells. 
 
 7. SAPINDUS. Sepals 5, obtuse, rarely petaloid. Petals usually of the same number, 
 more or less jmbescent, and bearing just above the short claw a villous or ciliated comli i>r 
 appendage. Disk annular, commonly crenate, bearing the 8 (to 10) stamens. Seeds ex- 
 arillate, with bony testa, black or nearly so. 
 
 H— ■\~- Ovules 2 in each cell, but fruit 'l)y abortion 1-celled, 1-seeded. 
 
 8. EXOTHEA. Calyx deeply .5-parted, tomentulo.se; segments roun(Ie<I, imbricated, at 
 length reflexed. I'etals .5, unnppendaged, slightly unguiculate. Ovary 2-celled ; ovules a 
 pair in each cell, collateral, somewhat i)en<lulous. Kruit 1-ceiled. I -seeded ; embryo with 
 very thick cotyledons and short radicle. 
 
434 SAPIXDACE.E. Staphijlea. 
 
 9. HYPELATE. Sepals 5, subglabrate, rounded, imbricated. Petals 5, unappendaged, 
 sesiiile. < )varv 3-celletl ; ovules 2 iu eacli cell, superposed, the upper asceudiug, the lower 
 somewhat peiululous. Fruit 1-celled, 1 -seeded ; embryo with thin somewhat crunijded 
 cotyledons incumbent upon a long radicle. 
 
 * * * * Fruit a coriaceous .3-valved loculicidal capsule : tree or erect shrub with pinnate 
 leaves and showy zygoraorphous flowers : ovary and capsule stipitate. 
 
 10. UNGNADIA. Calyx deeply ,5-parted ; segments iinl)ricated in the bud. Petals mostly 
 4, obovate-spatnlate, unguiculate, each with a busiiy crest at the summit of the woolly- 
 pubescent claw. Disk thin, oblitpiely developed, bearing the stamens and closely enveloping 
 and adnate to the stipe-like base of the ovary. Stamens mostly 8, unetjual, much exserted 
 in tiie S flowers, in the ? sliorter than or about equalling the petals. Seeds by abortion 
 solitary in the cells, brown, smooth and shining, caruuculate-appendaged at the broad 
 hilum. 
 
 Suborder V. HIPPOCASTAXEJE. Flowers irregular, polygamous, showy. 
 Sepals or calyx-lobes 5. Petals 5 (or 4), unguiculate. Leaves opposite, palmately 
 5-9-foliolate. 
 
 11. JESCULUS. Calyx cup-shaped or tubular, usually unequal and gibbous. Petals hy- 
 pogynous, irregular, unappendaged. Stamens 5 to 8, usually 7, declined, exserted (at least 
 in sterile flowers). Ovary 3-celled ; cells each with a pair of superposed ovules. Fruit cap- 
 sular, loculicidal ; cells by abortion mostly only 1 or 2, and 1-seeded ; the valves thick, cori- 
 aceous, often spinesceut or spiny. Seeds large, brown, smooth and shining, with large 
 dull wiiite hilum. 
 
 1. STAPH YL]£A, L. Bladder-nut, (^Ta4>v\rj, a bunch of grapes, re- 
 ferring to the clustered flowers and fruit. The name as first applied by Tourne- 
 fort was Staphylodendron.) — Shrubs with opposite stipulate pinnate 3-7-foliolate 
 leaves, nodding racemosely or cymosely paniculate white flowers, and strongly 
 inflated 3 (or rarely 2)-lobed capsules. — Spec. i. 270; Lam. 111. t. 210; Schk. 
 Handb. t, 84; Deless. Ic. iii. t. 51 ; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 191, t. 172; Benth. & 
 Hook. Gen. i. 412 ; Zabel, Gartenfl. xxxvii. 498-504,527-531 ; Pax in Engl. & 
 Prantl, Jsat. Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. 5, 260. Staphylodendron, Tourn. Inst. 616, t. 
 386. StnphyUodendron, Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2, i. 223. Bumalda, Thunb. Fl. 
 Jap. 8. — A small genus of some eight species ; one European, three or four Asiatic 
 (often cult, for ornament and frequently hybridized), one Mexican, and the 
 following. 
 
 S. trifolia, L. A neat slirub, 6 to 12 feet high, with green branchlets and .3-foliolate pul)es- 
 ceut or glabrate leaves : leaflets ovate, sharply acuminate, fineh' serrate, paler beneath : 
 sepals oblong, greenish white : petals a little longer, sub-unguiculate, with broad pubescent 
 claws : stamens and pistil scarcely or not at all exserted : filaments pubescent : the 3-horned 
 bladdery capsules 1^ to 2 inches long. — Spec. i. 270 ; Torr. Fl. N. Y. i. 139, t. 19; Gray, Gen. 
 111. ii. 192, t. 172; Chapm. Fl. 77. S. trifoliata, Schmidt, Arb. ii. t. 81. Staph t/lodetidrojt 
 trifoliatum, Mcench, Meth. 65. — Rich moist soil, Lower Canada to Minnesota and southward 
 to North Carolina, Tennessee, and Missouri, Bush ; common ; fl. May ; fr. June ; autumnal 
 flowers and fruit also occur. Zabel's vars. ti/pica & paitci flora (the latter based apparently 
 upim cult. ])].) are not clearly distinguishable iu the specimens at hand. 
 
 S. Bolanderi, Gray. Leaves glabrous, 3-foliolate ; leaflets broadly ovate-oblong or suborbicu- 
 lar, scarcely acuminate, finely serrate, paler beneath, thickish (at least of firmer texture than 
 in preceding) : stamens and pistil much e.xserted nearly twice the length of the floral en- 
 velopes ; filaments not always (as originally described) glabrous : fruit 15 to 18 lines in length, 
 sharply 3-horned. — Proc. Am. Acad. x. 69; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 108; Sargent, 
 Gard. & For. ii. 544, t. 142. — California, on McCloud's Fork, Shasta Co., Bolnnilcr, Lem- 
 vmn ; Fresno Co., Parry ; also near Sequioia Mills (ace. to Erandegee) ; fl. April ; fr. July ; 
 rare. 
 
Acer. SAIMNDACE.E. 435 
 
 2. Acer, Tourii. M.M'I.k. (Classical Latin name for tin- maple.) — Trees 
 or shrubs with iiriu wliite wood and copious saccliariiie sup. Leaves opj>osite, in 
 ours pulinately lobed or divided, except in § Neynndo, wljere pinnate. Fruits 
 with supernumerary carpels are frecjuent in many species. — lust. Gl.O, t. 386; 
 L. Gen. no. 317 ; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. I'J'J, t. 174; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 409 ; 
 Pax in Engl. Jahrb. vi. "287-374, vii. 177-272, xi. 72-83, & in Engl. & Prantl, 
 Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. 5, 2G1) ; Wesmael, Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. xxix. 17-G,'>. 
 Sargent, Silv. ii. 79-113, t. 82-97; Schwerin, Gartenfl. xlii. IGl, et seq.; 
 Trelease, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. v. 88-106, t. 4-1 G (showing also winter state) ; 
 Beal, Sugar Maples of Centr. Mich, (reprint from Rep. Sec. Agric. Mich, xxxiiij. 
 — About seventy species, nearly confined to the N. Temperate Zone ; more than 
 half of them of E. Asia. In China and Japan the foliage of certain species 
 shows remarkable departures from the stellate lobing so characteristic in most of 
 our own maples. Not only do ovate or oblong pinnately veined leaves occur, 
 but in some species pedately or sub-pinnately 3-foliolate leaves, wholly invalidat- 
 ing the foliar distinction of Negundo, — a group not well separable generically 
 by the absence of the disk, this being in some cases obsolete in Acer proper. 
 
 A. PLATANofuES, L. Spec. ii. 1055, the Norway Maple, frequently planted a.s a shade tn-e 
 and said to be occasionally self-sown, is of a section not represented in our flora, and may he 
 recognized by its close dark TiUd-Wke bark, large 5-lobed sinuately sharp-toothed leaves, and 
 very large fruit spreading 3 or 4 inches from tip to tip of the divaricate wings. (Cult, from 
 Eu., Asia.) 
 
 § 1. SpiciTA, Pax (extended). Flowers polygamous, iu racemes or racemi- 
 form panicles : both floral envelopes present ; disk well developed. — Pax in 
 Engl. Jahrb. vi. 326. 
 
 * Petals narrow, much exceeding the short-ovate sepals : inflorescences at first erect or 
 ascending. 
 
 A. spicatum. Lam. (Moixtain Maple.) A shrub or small tree, seldom 25 feet in 
 height, witli tliin smooth bark : branchlets tomentulose when young but soon quite glal)rate : 
 leaves rather small, of soft texture, with 3 principal acuminate lobes, and often two shorter 
 ones near the cordate or subcordate base, rather sharply serrate-dentate, above glal)rate, 
 green, and with furrowed veins, the lower surface paler, tomentose or very tardily glalirate 
 (except the tufted axils of the veins) : flowers small and numerous in terminal slender- 
 peduncled raceniiform panicles ; pedicels spreading, 3 to 5 lines in length at anthesis : 
 petals spatulate, thrice tlie length of the pubescent sepals : stamens about 8, regular and 
 symmetrical, or all more or less strongly defle.xed : (j flowers with hairy rudimentary 
 pistil: disk of nearly sej)arate glands alternating with and somewhat external to the fila- 
 ments : fruit at maturity al)out an incli broad ; the outer margins of its divergent wings 
 making an angle of about 90°. — Diet. ii. 381 ; Audubon, Birds Am. t. 134 ; Torr. & Gray, 
 Fl. i. 246; Chapm. Fl. 80; Emerson, Trees & Shrubs Mass. ed. 2, ii. 567, with plate; Sar- 
 gent, Silv. ii. 83, t. 82, 83; Gray, PI. For. Trees N. A. t. 25. A. Pensi/lvaniciim, Du Kni. 
 Diss. 61 ; Wang. Nordam. Ilolzart. 82. t. 12, f. 30; not L. A. pnrviflorum, Ehrh. Beitr. iv. 
 25, vi. 40. A. vioiitdnnm, Ait. Kew. iii. 435; Michx. Fl. ii. 2.53; Guimp. Otto & Ilaync, 
 Abbild. Holzart. 59, t. 48; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 111. — Preferring rocky soil in open 
 woods, Newfoundland, S. Labrador, and Nova Scotia to the mountains of N. Carolina and 
 Georgia and northwest to Winnipeg, the Saskatchewan, and even the shores of Hudson Bay ; 
 fl., ace. to locality. May to July; fr. July, August. A variety in E. Asia lias 5-9-lobed 
 more deeply serrate leaves. 
 
 # * Petals and sepals rather broad, subeipial in length : inflorescences drooping or pen- 
 dulous. 
 
436 SAPIXDACE.E. Acer. 
 
 ■i— Fruit glabrous : species of the Eastern States and Mississippi Valley. 
 
 A. Pennsylvanicum, L. (Stru'ed Maple, Moosewoou.) Shrub or small tree with 
 siiiooihish longitudinally striped bark : leaves large, thin, dark green, glabrous above, 
 scarcely paler and tawny pulverulent-puberulent beneath, finely, sharply and somewhat 
 doubly serrate all around, rounded or soniewliat cordate at the base ; lobes 3 to 5 sharply or 
 caudately acuminate ; flowers large, rather few in the simple flexuous racemes ; peilicels 
 slender, scarcely spreading: petals pale green, obovate, slightly exceeding tiie oblong acut- 
 ish sepals : filaments inserted outside the crenate disk : no rudimentary j)istil in the cf flow- 
 ers: fruit at nuiturity 1^ to 2 inches in breadth; the outer edges of tiie wings making a 
 very obtuse angle. — Spec. ii. 1055 (as Pensi/lvunicum) ; Michx. Fl. ii. 252; Torr. «Sb Gray, 
 Fl. i. 246; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 200, t. 174, f. 1-4; Emerson, 1. c. 566, with plate; Sargent, 
 Silv. ii. 85, t. 84, 85. A. Canadense, Marsh. Arb. 3. A. striatum, Du Roi, Diss. 58 ; Michx. f. 
 Hist. Arb. Am. ii. 242, t. 17. — Shaded situations protected by other trees. Nova Scotia, 
 New Brunswick, and Lower Canada to Minnesota and south to the mountains of Georgia; 
 fl. May, June ; fr. July, August. Several nearly related species in E. Asia. 
 ■i— -f— Body of fruit soft- or more or less arachnoid-tomeutose at length glabrate : geron- 
 
 togeous species freciuently planted. 
 A. Pseudo-plAtaxus, L. Spec. ii. 1054, the Sycamore Maple, with thickish 5-lobed 
 
 bluntly serrate leaves dark green above and much paler beneath, is connnon in cultivation, and 
 
 self-sown seedlings are sometimes found in parks, on lawns, &c., of cities. (Cult, from the 
 
 Old World.) 
 
 -1— -1— -t^ Body of the fruit hirsute : species of the We.st. 
 
 A. macroph^Uum, Pursh. A tall tree with thick rough and furrowed bark : younger 
 l)arts witii a milky juice : leaves large, of firm texture, deeply (3-)5-parted, at first soft- 
 pubescent, later quite glabrate above and with only a microscopic pubcrnlence beneath, 
 reticulate-veiny ; the lobes with 1 to 5 coarse irregular teeth, the margins otiierwise entire: 
 racemes rather many-flowered : anthers sagittate ; filaments pubescent at the base, inserted 
 above (witliin) the disk: fruit very large, wings (each 1 to 2 inches long) diverging mostly 
 at an acute rarely obtuse angle ; the body of the carpels large, upwardly bristly witli stiff 
 tawny hairs.— Fl. i. 267 ; Nutt. Sylv. ii. 77, t. 67 (by error numbered 68) ; Hook. Fl. Bor- 
 Am. i. 112, t. 38 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 246; Torr. Pacif. K. Rep. iv. 74, & Bot. Mex. Bound. 
 47 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 107 ; Sargent, Silv. ii. 89, t. 86. 87. A. palmatum, Raf. 
 New Fl. Am. i. 48, not Thunb. — Preferring rich soil near streams, in the Sierra Nevada and 
 on the Pacific Coast from Alaska to S. California; fl. April, May ; fr. June to September. 
 Specimens with 3-5-earpelled fruits have been found in Washington by Suksdorf. 
 
 § 2. Glabra, Pax. Flowers polygamous, with both calyx and corolla : in- 
 florescence umbelliform or corymbose ; pedicels slender : disk well developed. — 
 Pax in Engl. Jahrb. vi. 327. 
 
 * Petals flat, about equalling the sepals : leaves 3-5-lobed or palmately S-foliolate. 
 
 A. glabrum, Torr. Shrub or small low-branching tree with smoothish bark : branchlets 
 glabrous, liglit brown : leaves mo.stly rather small, glabrous except for a sparse tawny pul- 
 verulence more or less persistent especially upon the veins beneath, 3(-5)-lobed or often 
 upon the same trees or branches 3-foliolate ; lobes or leaflets unequally and somewhat in- 
 cisely serrate, acute or obtusish : inner bud-scales lance-oblong, soft-pubescent on the upper 
 surface, roseate, usually tipped with a rudimentary lamina : inflorescences few-flowered, in 
 anthesis short, spreading or nodding : petals rather narrow, spatulate-oblong, veiny, about 
 equalling the oblong sepals : stamens about 8, shorter than or barely equalling the floral 
 envelo{)es ; filaments borne in sockets of the disk : rudiment of pistil in d flowers none : 
 fruit strongly and irregularly rugose ; wings diverging at an acute or right angle. — Ann. 
 Lye. N. Y. ii'. 172 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 247, 684 ; Nutt. Sylv. ii. 86 ; Wats. Bot. King Exp. 
 52; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 107 ; Sargent, Silv. ii. 95, t. 89. A. Donglnsii, Hook. Loud. 
 Jour. Bot vi. 77, t. 6. Var. TRiPARxfruM, Pax (in Engl. Jahrb. vii. 218 ; A. tripartittim, 
 Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 247, & Sylv. ii. 85, t. 71), is a form having leaves mostly 
 although inconstantly 3-foliolate. — Rocky ground, in woods and along streams, mountains 
 of Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, to S. Central California, Brit. Columbia, and 
 
Acer. SAI'IXDACK.E. 437 
 
 Alberta, Mncoun ; fl. .M:iv, June ; fr. Anp;iist, Sc|)tciiilicr. A spocies with strikiiiirlv variablo 
 fuliuKC. 
 
 * * Petals cucullate, cousiderably shorter than tlic sepalH : leaves mostly 7-9-lohed. 
 A. Circinatum, ruusH. ( Vink Maim.k.) A small tree or low spreading or even prostrate 
 shrill), witli siuuothish l)r<)wii bark : braiiclilets glai)rous or very early (,'hibrato : leaves of 
 nearly orbicular outline, cordate or sulitruncate at the l)ase, and with 5 to 1 1 short ovate 
 acute or acuminate, sharply serrate lobes, at first villous, at maturity i|uite glabrous except 
 for a tuft of hairs on the upjier surface at the very base wjiere tiie prin(i|.al nerves diverge- 
 the inner bud-scales very large, 1 to 2 inches in lengtii, broadly siiatulale, soft-puljescent, 
 usually rose-colored, somewhat j)ersistent : flowers in nodding or pendulous subsessile or 
 peduncled corymbs : sepals oblong, purple or red : petals small, greenish, ovate, acutish, 
 with strongly inHexed margins: segments of the fruit very wid( ly si)reading or comnionlv 
 divaricate. — Fl. i. 2G7 ; Nutt. Sylv. ii. 80, t. 68 (by error numltered 67) ; 'J'orr. & Grav, fI. 
 i. 247 ; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. li2, t. 39; Hrew. & Wats. Hot. Calif, i. 107; Sargent," Silv! 
 ii. 93, t. 38. A. vin/atnm, Raf. New Fl. Am. i. 48. — Rich soil, by streams and in woodland, 
 N. Central California to Brit. Columbia ; fl. April, May. 
 
 § 3. Rubra, Pax. Flowers appearing before the leaves, polygamous, monoe- 
 cious, or dioecious, with or without petals ; the ^ flowers subsessile or short- 
 pedicelled in capitate or subcapitate clusters ; 9 flowers in sessile umbels . disk 
 rudimentary or obsolete : leaves simple, glaucous beneath. — Pax in P^n^l. Jahrb. 
 vi. 320, & in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. 5, 326. — Soft Maples. 
 
 * Petals present nearly or quite equalling the almost distinct sepals. 
 A. rubrum, L. (Hed or Scarlet Maple.) A tree mostly of small or medium size, but 
 sometimes becoming 3 feet or more in diameter, and 80 to 100 feet in height : bark at length 
 rather thick and deeply fissured, dark gray ; the branchlets grayish brown, nearlv or quite 
 glabrous : leaves 3-.5-lobed, usually rather small, cordate with a narrow sinus, or with 
 rounded base, .soon glabrate and briglit green a])()ve, very j)ale and often with a somewhat 
 persistent tomentum beneath ; lolies triangular-ovate, acute or acuminate, rather evenlv 
 serrate, seldom incised: flowers usually red, rarely (in the formal var. pallidiflorum, I'ax") 
 dull or yellowish green, jjcdicellate, but in anthesis aggregated in dose subcajjitate umbels; 
 these terminal on short l)ranchlcts or sessile in the upjier axils of the last vear's leaves : 
 petals narrower than sepals : ovary nearly or quite glabrous ; fruit long-pedicclled, pendu- 
 lous, glabrous, usually red ; carpels seldom exceeding an inch in length ; wings when imma- 
 ture snbparallel, later diverging at an acute or right angle. — Spec. ii. 10.5.5 ; f^hrh. Peitr. 
 iv. 23 ; Schmidt, Oe.str. Baum. i. 10, t. 6; Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. ii. 210, t. 14; Wats. 
 Dendr. Brit. ii. t. 169 ; Emerson, Trees & Shrubs Mass. ed. 2, ii. 551, with plate; Sargent, 
 Silv. ii. 107, t. 94; Gray, PI. For. Trees N. A. t. 20. 1 A. gUiuntm, Marsh. Arb. 2. 
 ? A. Caroliniamim, Walt. Car. 2.51. .1. cocciiieum, Michx. f. 1. c. 203 .1. iiiicrop/ii/lliim, & 
 A. semi-orhicuhitiiin, Pax in Engl. Jahri). vii. 180, 181 (both treated as subspecies bv We.s- 
 mael, 1. c. 29), are founded on trivial differences chiefly of the very variable foliao-e. ' Vars. 
 euruhrum (typical), snnfjuineum, & clmisum. Pax. 1. c. 181, 182, have scarcelv a formal value. 
 — Rich woodland, Newfoundland to Central Florida and Louisiana, northwest to Winnipeg, 
 E. Dakota (ace. to Sargent), and Nel)raska A species of neat and attractive apj)ear- 
 ance at all sea.sons but in early autumn l)ecoming (especially in the Eastern States) verv 
 conspicuous by its bright scarlet foliage. Sterile specimens of a noteworthy form with ovate- 
 lanceolate serrate but scarcely lobed leaves, entire at the ba.se, has been collected in Florida 
 by Cfiapmnn. Toward the south and southwest the species passes into 
 
 Var. Drummondii, Toim. & (iuAV. Leaves ratlier large for the species (often 4 to 
 5 iiulics in length and br('a<ltli) and rather more ileejily 3-lobed, den.sely tomentose beneath : 
 fruit decidedly larger than in the typical form ; wings \\ to 1^ or (ace. to Sargent) even 2 
 to 2^ inches in length. — Fl. i. 684 (Drummondii parenthetical but apparentlv used as a 
 varietal name) ; Sargent, U. S. 10th Census, ix. 50, & Silv. ii. 109, t. 95. .1. hnimmnvdii. 
 Hook. & Arn. Jour. Bot. i. 200; Nutt. Sylv. ii. 83, t. 70. .1. ruhnim, var. y. Hook. & 
 
 Am. 1. c. 199. ? .1. ruhnim, var. lomintosum. Pax in Engl. Jahrb. vii. 182. Louisiana 
 
 where first collected by Drummond, and Te.xas, nortii to Missouri, where leaves become 
 
438 SAPIXDACE.E. Acer. 
 
 nearly glabrate (coll. Bush), and occasional in the Eastern Gulf States to Georgia (ace. to 
 Sargent). 
 
 * * Petals minute or more commonly none : calyx of the d flowers a narrow turljinate 
 cup, merely crenate-tootiied. 
 A. saccharinum, L-, not Wang. (Silvkr Maplk.) In favoral)le situations becoming a 
 large tree 4 or 5 feet in diameter and 60 or 80, or even 100 feet in heiglit : trunk dividing 
 at no great height into 2 to several large ascending branches, the ultimate branchlets some- 
 what i)endulous: bark of the trunk and large branches gray, cortex of the branciilets red- 
 dish brown, lucid : leaves at first silky-tomentose, then puberulous and soon quite glabrate, 
 incisely 3-5-lobed, being cleft two tiiirds of the way to the base, green al)ove, very ])ale and 
 glaucous beneath except on the veins ; lobes again ratiier deeply and somewhat doubly 
 incised, the outer pair, when present, much smaller than the others : bud-scales small, 
 ovate to oblong, tomentose on the margins : flowers small, greenish yellow, appearing 
 much before the leaves : filaments of the d flowers very slender, much exceeding the calyx : 
 fruit large, carpels at full maturity 2 inches in length, at first tomentose, later nearly or 
 quite glabrate ; the body strongly and longitudinally nerved ; one carpel usually abortive or 
 empty. — Spec. ii. 1035; Koch, Hort. Dendr. 80 ; Sargent, Gard. & For. ii. 364, & Silv. ii. 
 103, t. 93. A. (lasi/carptim, Ehrh. Beitr. iv. 24 ; Pursh, Fl. i. 266 ; Nutt. Sylv. ii. 87 ; Ell. Sk. 
 i. 449 ; Emerson, Trees & Shrubs Mass. ed. 2, ii. 556, with plate ; Sargent, U. S. 10th 
 Census, ix. 49; Pax in Engl. Jahrb. vii. 179. A. rubrwu mas, Schmidt, Oestr. Baum. 
 i. 11, t. 7. A. rubriun, \a,T. pallidum, Ait. Kew. iii. 434. A. eriocar/nim, Michx. Fl. ii. 253; 
 Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. ii. 205, t. 13. The Linnaean description and the still extant 
 authentic specimen leave no doubt whatever of the application of the Linnajan name, which, 
 notwithstanding the regrettable displacement of Wangenheim's later homonym, is here used 
 consistently with the laws of specific nomenclature followed in other parts of this work. In 
 no system of nomenclature can such unfortunate changes be altogether avoided and tiie 
 Kew Rule certainly leads to as few as any. It may be noted that the name saccharinum, as 
 here applied, is not wholly inappropriate, since the present species is regularly tapped in 
 some localities and yields a fair quantity of sugar. — Rich woods, especially on river bot- 
 toms (hence sometimes called "Intervale Maple"), New Brunswick and Lower Canada to 
 Florida and northwest to Dakota (ace. to Sargent) ; fl. February to April ; fr. May to June, 
 sometimes adhering until August. An attractive and rapid growing shade-tree, much cul- 
 tivated, but unfortunately short-lived and subject to injuries from insects and ice. The 
 seedling var. laciniatum, Sargent, 1. c 105 (the A. Inciniatum Weirii of horticulturists), also 
 much planted in eastern cities, has still more deeply cleft leaves with very narrow and elon- 
 gated segments. 
 
 § 4. Sacchari'na, Pax. Flowers appearing with or a little before the leaves, 
 monochlamydeous, andro-monoecious, pendulous on filiform pedicels ; these in 
 fasciculate-umbels ; the fertile at the ends of the branchlets ; the sterile mostly 
 lateral : calyx united into a 5-toothed cup : divaricate segments of the fruit 
 strongly connate, seldom separating until after falling ; wings more or less spatu- 
 late, subparallel to almost divaricate : leaves simple, 3-5-lobed, with rounded 
 sinuses ; the lobes entire, undulate or coarsely sinuate-dentate. — Pax in Engl. 
 Jahrb. vi. 328. — Sugar Maples, Hard Maples. 
 
 * Species of the Atlantic Slope and Mississippi Valley : calyx promptly deciduous. 
 -1— Chiefly Northern : large trees, with grayish or almost black bark. 
 A. saccharum, Marsh. (Sugar Maple, Rock Maple.) Tall tree, in favoraldo situa- 
 tions becoming 100 feet or more in height and 2 to 4 feet in diameter; wood firm, heavy, 
 fine-grained, white ; bark pale to rather deep gray, in some individuals remaining close and 
 firm, in others at length scaling off in large irregular flakes : leaves mostly 5-lobed, cordate 
 with shallow open basal sinus ; lobes sinuately 1-3-toothed ; upper surface green ; the lower 
 more or less whitened or glaucous, often tomentulose ; petioles mostly glabrous or nearly so ; 
 stipules none : pedicels and yellowish green flowers villous : calyx campanulate, obtusely 
 toothed : disk of sterile flowers surrounding the insertion of the filaments : keys early gla- 
 
Acer. SAPIXDACK.l-:. 439 
 
 brate, highly variable ^mostly \\ to 1^ inches long, with wings usually suliparallel or only 
 motlerately spreading), not as yet furnishing trustworthy tiiagnostic tliaracters. — Arli. 4; 
 IJritton, Cat. I'l. N. J. 78; 'Irt-loiuse, 1. c. 'J.{, t. 4. .1. satrharinum, Wang. Norilani. Holzart. 
 26, t. 11, f. 20; Nouv. Duliani. iv. 29, t. 8; Michx. f. Hist. Arh. Am. ii. 2IS, t. 15; 'I'orr. & 
 Ciray, Fl. i. 248 ; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 20U, t. 174 ; Knierson, Trees & Shrubs Mass. ed. 2, ii. S.-iS, 
 with plate; Gray, Man. ed. 1-6; not L. A. barhatum, Mit-hx. Fl. ii. 252, only in part (see 
 Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 684) ; Sargent, Card. & For. ii. 364, & Silv. ii. 97, t. 90. A. snrrhoro- 
 phonim, Koch, Deudr. i. .5.33. A. mrrhnriiium,ya.T. pseudo-jtlullno'iilfs, I'ax in Kngl. Jahrb. 
 vii.242. A./iahni/oliiim, var. pscudo/ilatanoiiles, Stliwerin, Gartcnfi. xlii. 455, but pn.bablv 
 not .1. /j«///(//o//i(;h, Borkh. — A well known and valuable forest tree, ranging from New- 
 foundland to the Lake of the Woods (ace. to Sargent), Neltraska, E. Texas, and the uplands 
 of the S. Atlantic States, but at the South largely replaced by the nearly related sjjecies 
 (or varieties) described below. The firm durable wood is much used in manufactures, the 
 irregular grained varieties, "Curly and Bird's-eye Maples," being especially prized for 
 cabinet work. This species also furnishes the largest amount of maple sugar and syriiji. 
 In New England and along the Great Lakes tlie foliage in autumn turns intense scarlet to 
 deep crimson, while in the mitldle West the color varies from yellow to bright orauRe or 
 claret which soon fades to brown. From Maine {Feniald) to Tennessee, Mis.souri, and 
 Michigan occurs a sometimes well marked but not always sej)arable form, the var. nAnn.4.- 
 TiM, Trelease (1. c. 94, t. 6 ; A. Iiu;/elii, Tax in Engl. Jahrb. vii. 243 ; A. sacc/iarinum, subsp. 
 Rugclli, Wesmael, 1. c. 61 ; but probably no part of A. hurhnlum, Michx.), with mostlv 
 3-lobed leaves (also pale beneath) of firm or at length chartaceo-coriaceous texture, and 
 witii lobes subentire. However, as Professor Beal has pointed out, such leaves sometimes 
 occur upon the upper branches of trees which below have foliage of the typical form. 
 Better marked is 
 
 Var. nigrum, Bhittox. (Black Maple.) Bark darker colored: leaves mostly 
 large and limp. .■5-5-lobe(] ; lobes entire or nearly so ; the ba,sal sinus inclining to be closed 
 by the approximate or even imbricated basal lobes ; lower surface yellowish green, soft- 
 downy, not glaucous, and scarcely paler than the upper : wings of the fruit variable, yet in- 
 clining to be more widely divergent. — Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. ix. 10. Trelease, 1. c. 96, 
 t. 7. A. sacrharinnm, Michx. Fl. ii. 252 (ace. to Gray), not L., nor Wang. A. nigrum, 
 Michx. f. Hist. Arh. Am. ii. 238, t. 16; Bailey, Pop. Gard. iii. 24, & Bot. Gaz. xiii. 214. 
 yl. .s«rfAar?V!»m, var. n//7r!/?«, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 248; Gray, Man. ed. 1-6. A. harbatum, 
 var. nigrum, Sargent, Gard. & For. iv. 148, f. 27, & Silv. ii. 99, in part, but syn. A. Rugelii 
 wrongly included and foliage on t. 91, if of this var., highly uncharacteristic, as will be 
 seen on comparison with orig. jilate of Michx. f. A. /Kilmi/olium, var. conrohr, Schwerin, 1. c. 
 457, f. 95, nos. 6, 7. — INIontrcal, Jark; and Vermont, Rohhlns, Pringle, to Minnesota, Arkan- 
 sas, Kentucky, S. Virginia, and probably somewhat farther southward in the mountains ; 
 common and also valued as a luml)er and sugar tree ; in some places appearing verv dis- 
 tinct from the type, in others passing into dubious intermediates. Conspicuous but incon- 
 - stant foliaceous stipules are sometimes developed, especially westward. 
 
 +- -h- Southern, mostly smaller sized : bark white. 
 A. Floridanuin, Pax. A small tree (ace. to Chapman) or sometimes becoming 3 feet in 
 dianictcr (ace. to Small), with " chalky-wliite " bark: leaves rather small, 2 or 3 inches in 
 diameter, somewhat broader than long, divided about to the miiUUe intt) 3 to 5 obtuse lobes 
 with few and blunt teeth ; base truncate or shallowly open-cordate ; upper surface dark green- 
 glabrous, and lucid ; the lower more or less whitened and varying from puberulent toden.selv 
 canescent-tomentose : flowers (ace. to Chapman) appearing before the leaves: kevs variable 
 but in most individuals much smaller than in .1. sncc/iamm : the seminiferous portion cov- 
 ered with sparse at length deciduous setous pubescence; wings mostly widely spreading. — 
 Pax in Engl. Jahrb. vii. 243 ; Schwerin, 1. c. 457 ; Treleajse, 1. c. 98, t 8 ; Small, Bull. Torr. 
 Club, xxiv. 64. A. saccharinum, var. Floridannm, Chapm. Fl. 81. A. barlmtum, var. Fluri- 
 danum, Sargent, Gard. & For. iv. 148, & Silv. ii. 100, t. 91. .1. sarrharum. var. F/oridninim, 
 Small & Heller, Mem. Torr. Club, iii. 24 ; Sndworth. Kep. U. S. l)ep. Agric. 1892, 325. — 
 Swamps and river banks. North Carolina to Florida, E. Texas, Snrgent, and (ace. to Trelease) 
 Arkansas. Very characteristic in its more typical form, yet near A. grnndidentntum on the 
 one hand and northward inclining to pass into A. saccharum, var. harbatum, Trelease. 
 
440 SAPIXDACE.E. Acer. 
 
 A. leucoderme, Small. Tall shrub or small tree, becoming 25 feet high and 18 inches 
 iu tliaiiietei-, cuumionlv dividing near the base ; bark close and wliite, not exfoliating : twigs 
 dull red, soon becoming gray : leaves rather small as in the last, 3(to somewliat o)-lobeii ; 
 lobes caudate-acuminate, coarsely ami sinuately 1-3-tootlied or undulate; upper surface 
 dark dull green ; lower surface yellowish green (not at all glaucous), velvety-tomentulose 
 and exceedingly soft to the touch ; base subtruucate or sliallowly conlate with a narrow 
 sinus: seminiferous part of tiie key sparingly setulous, at length glabrate ; wings commonly 
 but not always widely divergent, sometimes almost divaricate. — Bull. Torr. Club, xxii. 3G7, 
 xxiv. 64. ^1. Floridanum, var. acuminatum, Trelease, 1. c. 99, t. 11. — Walls of gorges, &.C., 
 North Carolina, Hunter, Small, to Floriila and Louisiana, Hale. 
 
 * * Western species : leaves rather small, fully as broad as long ; lobes coarsely and ob- 
 tusely tootiied or undulate : young branchlets ratlier deep glossy red : calyx tending to 
 persist at tlie base of the young or even mature fruit. 
 
 A. grandidentatum, Nutt. Tall siirub or small tree with trunk seldom over a foot in 
 diameter and brauciies covered with pale thin bark : leaves of rather firm texture, 2 or 3 
 inches in diameter, 3(to somewhat 5)-lobed, above glabrous, often shining, pale green and 
 finely reticulated, below paler (yet not canescent) and covered with a fine tomeutum ; lobes 
 rarely subentire, more often undulate-dentate witli large blunt teeth ; base mostly corchite : 
 filiform pedicels and obtusely 5-toothed campanulate calyx villous : wings 8 to 12 "lines long, 
 somewhat divergent ; the body (at least when young) setulous. — Nutt. in Torr. & Cray, 
 n. i. 247, & Sylv. ii. 82, t. 69 ; Wats. Bot. King Exp. 52 ; Trelease, 1. c. 104, t. 13. A. bar- 
 latum, var. rfvandidentatum, Sargent, Silv. ii. 100, t. 92. — Wooded valleys in the Kockj 
 Mts. from N. Montana, where first coll. by Nuttall, to Arizona and W. Texas. (Nortlieru 
 Mex., Palmer, Hartman.) A geographical species without very strong technical distinctions; 
 rather rare and local. Although scarcely distinct from the Rock Maple of the East this 
 species is by Pax and Wesmael unaccountably referred to another section of the genus. 
 
 § 5. Negundo, Koch. Flowers strictly dioecious, neither the $ nor 9 with 
 rudimentary organs of the other: disk obsolete ; petals none : stamens 5, episepa- 
 lous ; anthers linear, appendaged or mucronate at the tip : leaves pinnately .')-7 
 (or even 9)-foliolate. — Dendr. i. 543. Negundo, Moench, Meth. 334. Negun- 
 dium, Raf. in Desv. Jour. Bot. ii. 170 (1809). 
 
 A. Negundo, L. (Box Elder.) A widely branched tree 30 to 50 rarely 75 feet in height, 
 seldom more than 2 or 3 feet in diameter: bark light colored, considerablv fissured but of 
 close firm texture : branchlets and young shoots pale green turning brown, glabrous or 
 covered with a very fine close puberulence : leaflets ovate-lanceolate, mostly acuminate, 
 coarsely and unequally serrate-dentate from below the middle, light green above, somewhat 
 paler and finely pubescent on the veins beneath ; terminal leaflet always and lateral usually 
 petiolulate: bud-scales villous: flowers small, green, on slender pedicels, drooping, the 
 (f fasckled, the 9 in somewhat elongated racemes : fruit cuneate at the base ; carpels at 
 m-aturity inch to inch and a half in length, with rather narrow body, a third to half the 
 length of the broad incurved wing. — Spec. ii. 1056; Wang. Nordam. Ilolzart. 30, t. 12, 
 f. 29; Michx. Fl. ii. 253; Guimp. Otto & Hayne, Abbild. Holzart. 118, t. 95; Sargent, 
 Silv. H. Ill, t. 96. A. {Negundo) fraxlnifolium, Nutt. Gen. i. 2.53. Nerjnndo areroldes, 
 Mcench, Meth. 334 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 250 ; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 202, t. 175^ & Man. ed. 1-6. 
 N. trifoliatum, & lobafum, Raf. New Fl. Am. i. 48. * N. Negundo, Karsten, Deutsch. Fl. 596. 
 Ne.gundiumfraxinlfollum, Raf. Med. Rep. hex. 2, v. 352. Ridar Negundo, Hitchcock, Spring 
 Fl. Manhattan, 25. —A widely distributed tree, common especially westward, N. Vermont 
 to Connecticut, Central New York, and Ontario south to Florida and across the continent to 
 California.^ (Mex.) Passing into var. TexAnum, Pax (in Engl. Jahrb. vii. 212, in great 
 part; A. Califomirum, var. Texarmm, Pax, 1. c. xi. 75), a form with tomentulose branchlets 
 and somewhat more soft and copiously pubescent leaflets, occurring in Texas, Lind/ieimer, 
 and a very similar northern form (ranging through Ontario and Assiniboia, Afncoun, to 
 Montana, Srrilmer) with hoary-tomentulose branchlets. Both of these forms serve to con- 
 nect the type with 
 
 Var. Calif ornicum, Wesmael. Bark "darker": l)ranchlets tomentulose: leaves 
 
Urvillea. SAI'INDACK.E. 441 
 
 3-foliolate, covered, especially beneath, with a more or less pronounced and persistcut tonien- 
 
 tuiii ; leutiets more coarsely toothed: fruit also tomentulose. — Hull. Soc. liot. Ik-lg. 
 
 xxix. 43 (as subsp.) ; Sartjeut, tiard. & For. iv. 148. A. Culi/uniirnm, Dietr. Syii. ii. 12h;j. 
 
 Nefjundo Calijhniicnm, Torr. & (Jray, V\. i. 250, 084 ; Hook. & Am. Hot. Hi-cch. 327, t. 77 ; 
 
 Nutt. Sylv. ii. 90. t. 72. X aceroides, Torr. I'acif. K. Hep. iv. 74, &c., not Ma-nch. \. 
 
 aceroiiles, var. Cali/umicnm, Sargent, 1. c. ii. 3G4. — Uiver hanks, &c., Central California, 
 
 together with but much more common than a smoothish 3-foliolate form indistinguishable 
 
 from the type. 
 
 A. seukAtim, Pax (in Engl. Jahrb. vi. 296 et seq. ; Negundo Mericatium, DC. Prodr. i. 596 ; 
 A. Mexicaniim, Pax, 1. c. vii. 212, not Gray), is a nearly related species of S. Mexico and Ccntr. 
 America, characterized by an even sliarp serration of its caudate-acuminate leaflets. After aj)- 
 plying the name A. Mexicanum to this species, notwithstanding tlie earlier use by Dr. Gray of 
 the same combinatiou for a species of Acer pr<)])er, Professor I'ax a])pear8 to have confused 
 the two, as he refers (in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. I'flanzenf. iii. Ab. 5, 271 ) to an " A. Mexicanum 
 (DC.) Gray." 
 
 3. DODON^A, L., not Plum. {Rembert J)o<Joens, Fl.iiii>li botanist, 
 1517 (?) to 1585, arcliiater ut the German imperial court, and author of the 
 Cruydeboek.) — Shrubs and small trees with alternate oblanceolate to linear 
 entire or (in Madagascar and Australia) toothed or pinnate leaves, commonly 
 with glands emitting a viscous resinous or varnish-like exudation. F'lowers dia*- 
 cious, apetalous, anomalous in the obsolete disk. — Gen. no. 855 ; Lam. 111. t. 304 ; 
 Cav. Ic. t. 327 ; DC. Prodr. i. 616 ; Gray, Gen. III. ii. 217, t. 182 ; Benth. F'l. 
 Austr. i. 472 ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 410; Radlk. in P:ngl. & Prantl, Nat. 
 Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. 5, 356. E)npleurosma, Bartl. in Lehm. PI. Preiss. ii. 228. — 
 A difficult and chiefly Australian genus, of which a single highly polymorphous 
 and widely distributed species attains our southern borders. 
 
 D. viscosa, -Tacq. Glabrous viscid slirub, 4 to 12 feet high : branchlets covered witli red- 
 disli shredded bark : leaves very varialde in hrcadtli, entire, finely jiinnately veined, euncate 
 to sliort petioles, resinous-dotted on both surfaces, scarcely paler beneath : flowers small, 
 greenish, at length slender-pedicelled in short axillary or terminal racemes: capsules 6 to 
 10 lines broad, nearly as long, broadly 3-winged, notched at the apex and more or less cor- 
 date at the base : seeds dark-colored, only one maturing in eacli cell. — Enum. PI. Carib. 
 19; L. Mant. ii. 228 ; DC. 1. c. ; Gray, i. c. D. Buniia)miaiia, DC. I. c. I). Schiedinnn, 
 Schlecht, Linuaea, xviii. 49; Torr. Hot. Mex. Bound. 48. — Very widely di.-Jtriliuted in 
 Avarm countries and in the Southern Hemisphere, variable but with ill-defined forms. The 
 commoner more typical form (var. vrLoARis, Benth. 1. c.) with leaves lancetdate, acute or 
 acutish, and capsule mostly large with deep narrow notch at the summit, is common in 
 Mexico and apprnaclies the Lower Rio Grande, Berlandier, no. 2359. Within our limits are 
 the followitig foliar varieties. 
 
 Var. spathulata, Bentu. 1. c. 476. Leaves oblong-spatulate, relatively broad, very 
 obtuse, rounded, or often retnse and mncronulate at the apex: capsule of the type. — 
 D. spathulata, Smith in Hees. Cyd. xii. — Sandy .«oil, Florida, on the Indian Hiver. &c., 
 Gather, Cnrtlss, Hassler. (W. Ind., Australia.) D. nana, Sliuttl. incd., is a small-leaved 
 form of this, Florida, coll. Rufjel. 
 
 Var. angUStifolia, Bkvth. 1. c. Leaves linear or nearly so. acutish, somewhat 
 thicker and paler than in the other varieties : capsules mostly smaller and with shallower 
 more open sinus at the summit. — D. anqusti folia, L. f. Suppl. 218. — Sandy .soil, near 
 .streams. Arizona, in Santa Cat.alina Mts.. Prinfjie; Ft. Lowell. Lrmmnn ; Mescal Mts., 
 Jniirx ; fl. February to September; fr. .adhering nearly throughout the year. (Sonora, 
 Thurher, Hartman : Chihuahua, Palmer; and wicbdy distributed with tlie broa-lerleaved 
 forms.) 
 
 4. URVtLLEA, IIBK. (Rear AdmiralJ. S. C. Diimont d' Urrille. born 
 1790, commander of a French antarctic exploring expedition, 1837-1840.) — 
 
442 SAPIXDACE.E. Urvillea. 
 
 Slender shrubby climbers of tropical and subtropical America, only the most 
 common species (of § Physelytron, Radlk., with inflated fruit) entering our flora 
 on the Mexican border. Stems usually 3- or 6-grooved. Leaves alternate, 
 3-foliolate. Flowers small, whitish, in ours borne in subsessile or slender-peduncled 
 axillary spikes ; these commonly tendril-bearing at the base of the floriferous 
 portion. — Nov. Gen. & Spec. v. 105, t. 440; Benth. «& Hook. Gen. i. 392; 
 Radlk. Sitzungsb. Kgl. Bayer. Akad. 1878, 263, & in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. 
 Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. 5, 305, f. 158. — A small group, closely related to the large 
 tropical genera Serjania and FaulUnia, and distinguished from them chiefly by 
 character of fruit. 
 
 U. Tllmacea, IIBK. I.e. 106. Tomentose: leaflets ovate, acute or acuminate, rarely ob- 
 tusish, rounded or subcordate at base, unequally or somewhat doubly serrate, 1 ^ to 2 inclies 
 long, an inch wide, paler beneath : flowers scarcely more tlian a line in diameter : the 3- 
 winged fruit about 8 lines in length, half or two thirds as broad. — Kadlk. 11. cc. U. Mexi- 
 cana, Gray, PI. Wright, i. 38; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 48 ; Coulter, Contrib. U. S. Nat. 
 Herb. ii. 64. U. triphijlla, Poir. in Lam. 111. iii. 604 (U. Berteriana, DC. Prodr. i. 602), is, 
 Jide Kadlk., only a smooth form, but does not reach our limits. — Cameron and Hidalgo 
 Counties, Texas (ace. to Coulter, 1. c.) ; fl. ace. to location almost throughout the year, but 
 chiefly in the winter months. (Mex., Berlandier, Eaton & Edwards, Gregg, Thurber, Pringle ; 
 Centr. Am., U. S. of Colombia, Trinidad.) 
 
 5. SERJANIA, Plum. (Dedicated by Plumier to P/n'Iip Sergeant, a 
 French monk of the 17th century, "skilled in botany, more skilled in medi- 
 cine.") — Woody climbers with alternate biternate or rarely pinnate leaves, and 
 pedunculate thyrsoid-paniculate clusters of small flowers. Inflorescences com- 
 monly subtended by recurving tendrils at the summit of the peduncles. — Nov. 
 Gen. 34; Juss. Ann. Mus. xxiii. 476; DC. Prodr. i. 602; Benth. & Hook. Gen. 
 i. 393 ; Radlk. Monogr. Sap. Gat. Serjania (a detailed and masterly treatment), 
 & in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. 5, 302. — The largest genus of 
 the order ; occurring throughout tropical and subtropical America, and especially 
 noteworthy for the complex structure of its rope-like stems. 
 
 * Fruit rather large, 1 to 1 1 inches long, obtuse at base, nearly smooth at maturity ; wings 
 broad, abruptly contracted at the base. 
 
 S. incisa, Torr. Climbing, 4 to 6 feet in height : leaves 3-divided ; divisions 3-.'5-foliolate ; 
 leaflets inch long, usually somewhat rhombic in outline, toothed : flowers in racemiform 
 panicles (an inch in length excl. the .slender spreading peduncles) : wings of frnit a third 
 inch broad. — Bot. Mex. Bound. 47 ; Kadlk. Monogr. Serj. 267. S. ? aff. S. racemose, Gray, 
 PI. Wright, i. 38. — On the Rio Grande, Wright (without fruit and hence doubtful); 
 near Eagle Pass, Texas, Ilavard ; a second specimen secured by the latter collector from 
 near the mouth of the Pecos Kiver is only in flower, but probably of this species. (Northern 
 Mex., where first coll. in Coahuila by Bigelow.) 
 
 * * Fruit rather short, broadly 3-winged, and cordate at base, nearly or quite glabrous ; 
 wings rounded. 
 
 -1— Seeds not wholly filling the somewhat chartaceous and inflated cells. 
 S. racemosa, ScnuMACiiEU. Shrubby clim])er, finely and rather densely pubescent to 
 sniuotbisli : leaves mostly biternate, or with the terminal division ])innatoly 5-foliolate : 
 leaflets rliombic-ovate, acute or obtusish, mucronate, few-toothed, \\ to H inches in length • 
 panicles racemose-thyrsoid, 1^ to 2 inches long, solitary at the axils, but approximate and 
 forming more or less pyramidal inflorescences at the ends of the branches : peduncles nearly 
 equalling the inflorescences, tendriliferous at the summit: fruit 6 to 8 (to 10) lines long, 
 broadest near the cordate base. — Skrivt. Natur. Selsk. Ki<^b. iii. pt. 2, 127, t. 12, f. 3 (1794) ; 
 
Sapindus. S A r I N I ) AC E.E. 44^ 
 
 Willd. Spec. ii. 465 ; Benth. Vl Ilartw. 15 ; Raillk. Moiiogr. Serj. 264.— Rio Graude, Mt-x., 
 J. EkjIiIs, and tlirouf^liuut Me.xici). Tlie speciinoii cDllt-rUMl In I'.udm &. ICdwunlH at Mon- 
 terey and asfi-ibed to this spt-cies li_v Dr. (iniv (I'l. Wright, i. ,J8) :i]ipi-ars to he S. mnau- 
 cocca, Kadlk. 
 
 -J— -h- Seeds nearly or cpiite tilling the cells ; these of tinner te.xture. 
 S. brachycarpa, Gk.vy. Closely related to the preceding hut witli leaflets mostly snialitr 
 (6 to 10 lines long), thicker, and more densely tomentose hcneath : racemes in tlower nor an 
 inch in length, in fruit somewhat more elongated : fruit 5 or 6 lines long, fully as hroad at 
 the deeply cordate ha.sc. — (Jray in Kadlk. Monogr. Serj. 25'J. — Corpus Christi Hay, S. 
 Texas, J'uhiur. (Northern .Mix. at \ictoria, Tamaulipas, where first coll. by iJerlundn r.) 
 
 6. CARDIOSPERMUM, L. (Kaf,?>ia, heart, and a-Tripfia, seed.) — 
 Slender herbaceous or (in warm countrie.s) sli^litly woody clinihens with or with- 
 out tendrils. Leaves alternate, biternate ; leaflets usually incised. Peduncles 
 usually bearing two short recurving tendrils near the umbelliform clusters of 
 small slender-pedicclled flowers. — Syst. Nat. ed. 1, & Gen. no. 332; Gaertn. 
 Fruct. i. t. 79 ; Lam. 111. t. 317 ; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 215, t. 181 ; Benth. & Hook. 
 Gen. i. 31)3 ; Radlk. Sitzungsb. Kgl. Bayer. Akad. 1878, 260, & in Eug\. & 
 Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. 5, 306. — A small but rather confused genus ; 
 the commoner species widely distributed and often cultivated. 
 
 C. Halicacabum, L- (H.\i.u)On Vine, Heaktsekd.) A graceful herhaceous climber 
 w itli annual root, slender angulate-furrowed stem and smoothish or moderately pubescent 
 leaves : leaflets more or less distinctly petiolulate and cut-toothed : petals whitish, about 2 
 lines long : upper glands of the disk short-ohlong, transverse : fruit subglobo.se or somewhat 
 obovate, rather large, usually an inch to inch and half in diameter ; seeds glabrous, black, 
 but marked with a conspicuous white heart-shaped scar. — Spec. i. 366; Michx. Fl. i. 242; 
 Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 254 ; Gray, 1. c. ; Chapm. Fl. 79. — Preferring moist soil and climbing 
 over low shrubbery ; Gulf States from E. Florida, where spontaneous about dwellings, 
 Curtiss, and S. Florida, where apparently indigenous (ace. to Chapman), west to Texas, 
 where certainly so ; fl. and fr. throughout summer and autumn. (Mex., S. Am., Afr., E. Ind.) 
 Often cultivated. The southwestern form is somewhat more pubescent and has leaflets of 
 slightly firmer texture, thus showing some transition to 
 
 C. Corindum, L. Perennial, suffrutescent at base : leaves and stems soft-tomentose : 
 upper glands of the disk short, oblong, somewhat obliquely placed : seeds with semicircular 
 rather than heart-shai)ed scar. — Spec. ed. 2, i. 526 ; Kadlk. Sitzungsb. Kgl. Bayer. Akad. 
 1878, 261. C. moUe, HBK. Nov. Gen. & Spec. v. 103; Coulter, Contrib. V. S. Nat. Herb. i. 
 33, & ii. 65. — Common in Mexico, at Tamaulipas, Beiiandier, &c., and \V. Texas, Presidio 
 Countv, and mountains west of Pecos (ace. to Coulter, 11. cc). 
 
 C. microcarpura, HBK. With habit of C. Halicuaibum, but sometimes a little woody 
 toward the base : flowers minute : petals a line or less in length : fruit depressed-obovoid, 
 8 to 10 lines in diameter ; seeds with a hroad lunate rather than heart-shaped scar — Nov. 
 Gen. & Spec. v. 104; Gri.seb. Fl. W. Ind. 122. C. II(ilir(ir(il)iim,\ar. inicrocar/nim, Bl. Kum- 
 phia, iii. 185; Badlk. 1. c. — Centr. and S. Florida, at Key West, Rit</el, and in clayey soil 
 of " hammocks," near Eustis, Nash. (W. Ind., S. Am., Afr., Pacif. Ids.) 
 
 7. SAPINDUS, Tourn. {Sttpo, soap, and Indus, Indian, from the (niali- 
 ties of the W. Indian S. Snponan'a, the soap-berry.) — Tropical and subtropical 
 trees and shrubs with yellow wood, alternate exstipitate abruptly (rarely odd) 
 pinnate leaves and small whitisli flowers in lateral or terminal racemes or pan- 
 icles. Fruit baccate, usually of a single maturing carpel ami globose or nearly 
 so, less frequently 2- or even 3-lobed through the development of one or both of 
 the other carpels ; seeds solitary in the carpels, large, nearly globose, exalbumi- 
 
444 SAPINDACE.E. Sapindus. 
 
 nous, with bony testa. — Inst. 659, t. 440 ; L. Gen. no. 898 ; Lam. 111. t. 307 ; 
 Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 213, t. 180; Rudlk. Sitzungsb. Kgl. Bayer. Akad. 1878, 265, 
 315, & in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. 5, 315 ; Sargent, Silv. ii. 67, 
 t. 74-77. — Of a dozen species, widely dispersed in warm countries, the following 
 of the § Eusapindus, Radlk., are constituents of our southern flora. 
 S. Saponaria, L- (So.\p-berry.) A small tree with rough grayish bark : leaves large, 
 4-7-foliolate ; leaflets obloug-lanceolate aud acute to elliptic-ovate and obtusisli, opposite or 
 alternate, entire, of firm texture, glabrous veiny and lucid above, toinentulose beneath ; 
 rhachis usually interruptedly winged : petals about equalling tlie sepals, scarcely unguicu- 
 late, with rounded blade pubescent on the inner surface and ciliated : fruit lucid, 6 to 8 lines 
 iu diameter. — Spec. i. 367 ; Descourt. Fl. Antil. iv. 121 , t. 261 ; Baill. Hist. PL v. 349, f. 3.53 ; 
 Chapm. Fl. ed. 2, 613 ; Sargent, Silv. ii. 69, t. 74, 75 (but leaves seldom so regularly impari- 
 pinnate). — S. Florida aud Keys. (W. Ind., S. Am.) Specimens coll. by Simpson show 
 that the compound leaves are in some cases replaced by long obloug-lanceolate subsessile 
 simple ones, which by various transitions pass on the same shoot to tlie compound. 
 S. marginatus, Willd. A larger tree: leaflets more numerous (7 to 13), lance-oblong, 
 acuminate, often somewhat falcate, glabrous and lucid above, slightly paler aud essentially 
 glabrous except on the midnerve beneatli, 2 to 5 inciies long, a fourth to a third as broad ; 
 the upper usually subopposite, the lower mostly alternate upon the wingless narrowly mar- 
 gined or marginle.ss rhachis : flowers white, often with a reddish tinge, borne in ample pyram- 
 idal panicles : petals short-clawed ; the ovate obtuse blade ciliated and bearing near the 
 ba.se inside a 2-lobed villous scale : filaments villous : fruit yellow ; the 1 or 2 maturing 
 carpels large, becoming 8 lines in length, more or less distinctly carinatedorsally, somewhat 
 oblong, not truly spherical, not drying black.— Enum. 432; Muhl. Cat. 41; DC. Trodr. 
 i. 607 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 255, as to pi. Ga. & Fla. ; Nutt. Sylv. ii. 72, t. 65, numbered by 
 error 66 (very poor), in part; Chapm. Fl. 79 (excl. westward range) ; Sargent, Silv. ii. 71, 
 as to southeastern plant. S. Saponaria, Michx. Fl i. 242 ; Pursh, Fl. i. 274 ; Ell. Sk. i. 460 ; 
 not L. (Lamarck's figure is poor and dubious, but probably is of this species.) S. fulcatus, 
 Raf. Med. Bot. ii. 261. 5. acuminata, Raf. New Fl.Am. iii. 22. S. ^fa>mtensis, Shuttl. in distr. 
 pi. Rugel, no. 115, & Radlk. Sitzungsb. Kgl. Bayer. Akad. 1878, 318, 400; Na.sh. Bull. Torr. 
 Club, xxiii. 102. — Lowlands of Florida, chiefly near the coast, formerly collected in Georgia 
 and S. Carolina, but no specimens from north of Jacksonville, Fla., are in the larger Amer. 
 herbaria. Ace. to Radlkofer's critical notes (1. c. 394) S. mar(]inatiis, Willd., appears to be 
 onlv a form of S. Saponaria ; but this view has an inherent improbability, since, both from 
 description and assigned range, Willdenow's not very satisfactory type is much more likely 
 to appertain to the present species, which extends to E. and N. Florida, and not to 5. Sapo- 
 naria, which as aU available evidence indicates is confined to the shore and keys of S. Florida, 
 where the flora has a much stronger W. Indian cast. 
 S. Drummondi, Hook. & Arn. Similar to and long confused with the foregoing species : 
 leaflets in general more numerous (8 to 19), narrower, lanceolate, 1^ to 3 inches long, more 
 often falcate, taper-pointed, glabrous above, soft-pubescent or very tardily glabrate beneath ; 
 rhachis wingless : petals rhombic-lanceolate, strongly unguiculate, narrowed to an obtusish 
 sometimes lacerate point ; internal scale much as in the last : fruit of a single maturing car- 
 pel, truly globose, not at all carinate, yellow, drying black, somewhat smaller than in the 
 last species. — Bot. Beech. 281 , as to a. S. marf/itmtiis, Engelm. & Gray, PI. Lindh. pt. 1 , 33, 
 pt. 2, 168; Gray, Gen. HI. ii. 214 (as to western pi.), t. 180; Sargent, Silv. ii. 71. as to west- 
 ern pi. S. acitminatus, Wats. & Coulter in Gray, Man. ed. 6, 116, not Raf. — Hillsides, &c., 
 Arkansas to W. Louisiana, westward to Kansas and Arizona. (Mex.) Known in Texas 
 (where abundant) as " Wild China Tree" from a superficial likeness to Melin Azedarach. 
 
 8. EXOTHEA, Macfadyen. ('E^w^cw, to eject, used in reference to the 
 separation of this genus from the Amyridece, to which its author believed it nearly 
 related.) — Trees with alternate exstipulate leaves. — Fl. Jam. i. 232; Endl. 
 Gen. 1134; Radlk. in Durand, Ind. 81, Sitzungsb. Kgl. Bayer. Akad. xx. 276. & 
 in Engl. «fe Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. 5, 358 ; Sargent, Gard. & For. iv. 100, 
 
UiKjnadla. S.VriNDACE.E. 445 
 
 & Silv. ii. 73, t. 78, 79. Mdicocca, Juss. Mem. Mus. iii. 1H7, t. o, in part. 
 Hypelate, Cambessede.s, ihid. xviii. .'Jl, in part; lieiith. &. Hook. Geu. i. Idm. \n 
 part. — Small subtropical genus consi.stin<j of one Mexicau species, an<i tin; 
 following. 
 
 E. oblongifolia, M.V( i adykv, I.e. A liaiKlsomc tree of moderate size, with liani dense 
 Ijul (aie. tu lUudgftl) l)rillk' wood ami reddish l.rowu Icirk : leaves ahrupih iiiimale aud 
 iiornially 2-4-foliulate, rarely 6-foliolate or hy aliortiou wilii au odd iiuinlier of leatlets ; 
 these ohloiig or elliptical, ohtu.se or rounded at the apex, somewhat iiarroweil at the sessile 
 base, thickish, glabrous, .somewhat liK-id al)ove, 2 to .5 iuthes long, '\ to \\ inclics broad: 
 common jjitiole and rhaehis i to 2 inches in length : Hciwers many, white, in terminal sul»- 
 corymbo.sc panicles, fragrant : buds on short pedicels and clovc-shai)ed, tomentulose : bract- 
 lets minute, subulate: sepals and petals broadly ovate or sul>orbicular, 1^ to 2 lines in 
 length ; the former tomentulose, persistent and at last refle.xed : fruit half inch in fliameter, 
 globose, changing from orange to purjjle, juicy at maturity, liut with thin riml and large 
 mahogany-colored papery-coated seed; cotyledons very thick, almost hemispherical. — 
 Hook. Lend. Jour. Bot. iii. 226, t. 7. E. paniculiita, Hadlk. 11. cc. ; Sargent, Silv. ii. 75, 
 t. 78, 79. Melicocca panicnlata, Juss. 1. c. ; Nutt. Sylv. ii. 74, t. 66. IIi/i>f'latr jianicniata, 
 Cambe.*sedes, 1. c. 32 ; Hook. 1. c. 227. Sapindus lucidus, Hamilton, ace. to Hadlk. Sitzungsb. 
 Kgl. Bayer. Akad. .\x. 276. — E. and S. Florida and Keys, where first coll. by Blodijell ; fl. 
 January to April; fr. ripe about September. (Cuba, Jamaica, San Domingo ) 
 
 9. HYP£;LATE, p. Br. (Pliny's name for the Butcher's Broom, derived 
 from vTTo, under, and iXdrr}, pine or fir, applied by Browne to this genus.) — Leaves 
 palmately trifoliolate ; leaflets glabrous, lucid, thickish and veiny, evergreen. 
 Flowers in terminal or subterminal panicles. — Hist. Jam. 208 ; Swartz, Fl. Ind. 
 Occ. ii. 655, t. 14; Deless. Ic. iii. 23, t. 39; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 408 (excl. 
 H. paniculata) ; Sargent, Gard. & For. iv. 100, «& Silv. ii. 77, t. 80, 81.— W. 
 Indian monotype. 
 
 H. trifoliata, Swartz. (Whit£ Iroxwood.) A small and slender tree with .«moothisli 
 bark: leaflets coriaceous, spatulate, or narrowly oliovate, 1 to U inches long, a third as 
 broad, rounded or very obtuse at the apex, cuneate at the base; common petioles 8 to 18 
 lines in length, usually narrow-winged near the summit: flowers white, 1^ to 2 lines in 
 diameter: petals and sepals subequal, nearly orbicular: fruit ovoid, sweetish, the size of a 
 pea. — Prodr. 61 ; Chapm. J'l. 78 ; Sargent, 11. cc. Ami/ris IIi/pelate,A. Kobinson in Lunan, 
 Hort. Jam. i. 149. — S. Florida, on Umbrella Key and Upper Metacombe Key, Curtiss ; 
 fl. June, July ; fr. September. (Cuba, Jamaica, Porto Rico.) 
 
 10. UNG-NADIA, Endl. (Dedicated to David von Ungnad, Austrian 
 ambassador to Constantinople, Avho in 1570 by sending seeds of the horse- 
 chestnut to Vienna introduced that attractive tree into western cultivation.) — 
 An ornamental shrub or small tree with reddish twigs, alternate and unetjually 
 pinnate exstipitate leaves, conspicuous irregular but bilaterally symmetrical rose- 
 colored fascicled or somewhat corymbose flowers upon jointed pedicels. — Atakt. 
 t. 3G; Endl. & Fenzl, Nov. Stirp. 75; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 209, t. 178. 179; 
 Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 398 ; Radlk. in Engl. «& Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. 
 5, 3G5. — A southwestern monotype. 
 
 U. speciosa, Exni.. 11. cc. (Mexican Bickeye.) Young parts tomenttilo.^e ; leaflets 2 
 to .3 pairs and an odd one, ovate-ol)long, acuminate, obtusish or rounded at the base, .«errate, 
 at maturity 4 to 6 inches in length, a third to half as l)road, glabrous al»ove, pubescent or 
 tomentulose beneath : fascicles lateral, sometimes crowded : flowers numerous, half inch in 
 diameter : the long-stipeil pendulous leathery capsule, when ripe, more than an inch in diam- 
 eter, light-colored, with 3 rounded lobes aud tipped with the pointed somewhat persistent 
 
446 SAPIXDACE.E. ^sculus. 
 
 stvle ; seeds smooth and shining, 5 lines in diameter, dark brown or black, but light-colored 
 at the relatively large hilum. — 'I'orr. & Gray, Fl. i. 253, 684; (Jray, PI. Liudh. pt. 2, 167, 
 ri. Wri"-ht. i. 38, & ii. 30; Torr. But. Mex. Bound. 48; Fl. Serres, x. 217, t. 1059; Schuiz- 
 lein Ic.^. 230**, f- 2, 8; Koch, Dendr. i. 515; Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 337; Sargent, 
 U. S. 10th Census, ix. 44, & Silv. ii. 65, t. 73. U. heterophylla, & U. heptaphi/lla, Scheele, 
 Linnaja, xxi. 589, xxii. 352. — Rocky hills, Texas, where first collected by Drummond, to 
 Or^an Mts., New Mexico, Wright; H. ace. to locality, March to May; fr. two months later. 
 (Mex. southward at least to Nuevo Leon, Palmer.) 
 
 11. ^SCULUS, L. Horse-chestnut, BrcKP:YE. (Classical Latin name 
 of an oak, presumably from escare, to eat, in allusion to edible acorns.) — Shrubs 
 or trees of moderate size with opposite digitately or pedately divided exstipulate 
 leaves. Long petioles enlarged at the base and, on falling, leaving large some- 
 what triangular scars upon the thick terete branchlets ; the latter terminated in 
 winter by large scaly leaf-buds. Leaflets large, narrowed at both ends and usu- 
 ally acuminate, serrate or very rarely entire. — Syst. Nat. ed. 2, 22 (as Esculas)', 
 Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 20."), t. 176, 177; Benth. «fe Hook. Gen. i. 398; Baill. Hist. 
 PI. V. 424; Sargent, Silv. ii. ol, t. 67-72 ; Pax iu Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflan- 
 zenf. iii. Ab. 5, 275. Hippocastaimm, Adans. Fam. ii. 383. Pavia, Poir. Diet. 
 V. 93. Macrothyrsus & Calothyrsus, Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, ii. Gl, 62. — A 
 group of 13 or 14 species of northern temperate and E. Ind. tropical regions. 
 The related genus Bellia of Mex. & S. Am. with calyx divided nearly to the 
 base and leaves 3-foliolate may be regarded as distinct, u^scidus may be con- 
 veniently and naturally subdivided into sections as by Prof. Pax, 1. c. 
 
 § 1. EuJESCULUS, Pax, 1. c. Petals 4 (or 5), usually subequal in length; 
 the upper pair with narrow spatulate blades, the lateral with rather broad blades, 
 all exceeded by the stamens : calyx short, campanulate, essentially regular, 
 5-lobed : fruit (at least in its early state) muricate with weak or firmer spines. 
 
 M. HiPPOcAsTANUM, L., the Horse-chestnut, a rapid growing ornamental shade tree of 
 Greek origin, cult, since the 16th century, and deservedly popular for its attractive foliage 
 and numerous showy thyrsoid panicles of white and pale yellow, or roseate-purple flowers pro- 
 duced in spring, is much planted (in several varieties) in cities. It may sometimes be self- 
 sown, but shows little or no tendency toward naturalization. 
 
 Jfi\ , glabra, Willd. (Ohio or Fetid Bcckete.) A tree of small size, rarely 60 or 70 
 feet high : branchlets and petioles green, yellowish, or brownish, finely tomentulose when 
 young : leaflets mostly 5, but not rarely more numerous, lance-oblong, oblanceolate, or less 
 frequently obovate, sharply acuminate, finely and sharply serrate, scarcely pedate or ([uite 
 sessile, ])ubescent upon and tufted in the axils of the veins and green upon both surfaces, 
 scarcely paler beneath: thyrse ovate-oblong; the spreading branches each bearing upon 
 the upper side a succession of about 6 short-pedicelled greenish yellow or straw-colored 
 flowers: calyx (2 to) 3 or 4 lines long, pubescent: corolla little over half inch in length, 
 pubescent ; the blades even of the upper petals e<]ualling or considerably exceeding the 
 claws: fruit globose, spiny when young, and echinnlate-roughened even in age. — Enum. 
 405; Tursh, Fl. i. 255; Guimp. Otto & Hayne, Abbild. Holzart. t. 24; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 
 207, t. 176, 177 ; Sargent, Silv. ii. 55, t. 67, 68; Gray, PI. For. Trees N. A. t. 27. ^.pallida, 
 Willd. 1. c. 406. yE. echinata, Muhl. Cat. 38. Al. Ohioensis, Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. iii. 
 242; DC. Prodr. i. 597; Lindl. Bot. Reg. xxiv. t. 51 (Ohlotensis). yE. mnricata, ochroleuca, 
 verrucosa, & alba, Paf. Alsogr. 68, 69. Pavia Ghioensis, Michx. f. Sylv. ii. Ill, t. 92. P. pal- 
 lida, & P. glabra, Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser 2, ii. 54. yE. (or Parla) carnea, rnbirunda, & 
 Watsoniana, Hort., forms with prickly fruit but roseate or variegated flowers, are of uncertain 
 (perhaps hybrid) origin, and not known out of cultivation. — Rich woods, along alluvial river 
 
^sculus. SAl'IXDACE.E. 447 
 
 banks, &c., from W. Tennsvlvania to Iowa, KansaH, Indian Territory, and H.utliward ; H. 
 April to .luiio. Passes west of tlio Mi8sis«i|)j)i into 
 
 Var. arguta, Houinson, n. comb. A shrub or suiall tree witlioiit eonst^mt flonil 
 diffcn iicos I. Ill «iili leaves mostly G-7-foliolate and leaflets narrower, lanceolate, and gener- 
 ally more attenuate at both ends, sliarjdy ami somewhat doubly serrate, sceminglv of some- 
 what (inner t.xture and with veinleta often pn.minulous. — ./t,". nn/iitu, Huiklev, I'roe. 
 Acad. I'hiiad. 18C0,44.'J ; Younj;, Fl. Tex. 20'j ; \V;its. liibl. Index, 177." ji:. ;,l,tf,m'r,ny in 
 Hall, ri. Tex. 5. — Mt. I'lciisant, Iowa, Mills, to Mi.x.souri, Dnsh, Kansas, Kellermun, Xorlon, 
 and Texas, IhirUei/, Hall. An imperfect specimen from Lampasas Co., Texai4, Mu$mm, 
 having similar folia>;e but .still narrower and more numerous Icalli-ts (f. to 10) is said to li.xve 
 smooth fruit and may be distinct and of tiie ftdlnwinj,' section. 
 § 2. PXviA, Ruirhenb. Petals 4, very di.ssiiiiilar, and at least the upper pair 
 
 of theiu about e(iualliii<,' or usually exeeediug the stamens. Calyx more tubular, 
 
 Globed, more or less distinctly gibbous or oblique at the base. — Nomencl. 108; 
 
 Ta.x, 1. e. 27G. — Ohio and Mississippi Valleys, S. Atlantic and Gulf States. 
 
 ^. OCtandra, Mahsh. (Swekt Buckeye.) In favorable situations a tall tree with 
 ron,t,diish ijcray-brown bark but sometimes (especially southward) tl<.werinf,' as a low shruli 
 only .'3 or 4 feet in heigiit : leaves .'■)-f<diolate; leaflets obovate, jjraihiallv or rarelv almiptlv 
 acuminate, Lrradually narrowed to a subsessile or petiolulate base, finely sharplv am! .some- 
 what doubly serrate or .serrulate, green and glabrous above, paler and tinelv jmbescent to 
 somewiiat tlocculent-tomeutulo.se beneath : flowers pale yellow, finely pui)escent or granular, 
 borne on the upper side of the spreading brandies of an ovate short-peduneled thvrse: 
 pedicels short and thick, in authesis 1 to "3 lines in length : calyx tubular-<'ampanulate, 5 to 
 6 lines in length : lateral petals nearly an inch in length, with l>road ovate sometimes cor- 
 date or subcordate crisped blade alxmt equalling the claw; the upper j)etals .still longer, 
 but with small blades much shorter than tlie elongated claws: stamens usuallv 7: smooth- 
 ish fruit mottled, at first oblong or somewhat pear-shaped, at length sul)globo.se. — Arb. 4 ; 
 Sargent, Gard. & For. ii. 364, & Silv. ii. 59, t. 69, 70. j:. fam. Ait. Kew. i. 494 ; Pursh, 
 Fl. i. 255; Gnimp. Otto & Ilayne. 1. c. 27, t. 23 ; "Wats. Dendr. Rrit. ii. 163, t. 163; Lodd. 
 Bot. Cab. t. 1280; Gray, Man. ed. 1-6. uE. >iff/l<'rl,i, Limll. Hot. Heg. t. 1009. Pan'a 
 JIavii, Miench, Meth. 66. P. nefjlecta, Don in Loud. Ilort. Brit. i. 143. J'./iiIrn, & /'. 6|. 
 color, Raf. Alsogr. 74. Paviana /lava, Raf. Fl. Ludov. 87. — Rich woods, W. Penu.sylvania 
 to S. Iowa and southward to Georgia and Texas. Runs into the following variety connect- 
 ing with the next species. 
 
 Var. h^brida, S.\kgent. Shrubby or rarely arl)oreons with " jialer bark": flowers 
 flesii-coldred, dull red, or purplish, on pedicels about 3 to 4 lines in length: cah x less 
 inclined to be companulate or inflated : leaflets more commonly flocculent-tomentulose be- 
 neath. —Silv. ii. 60. yE. Pavia, Willd. Berl. Baum. 12, at least in ])art, not L. yE.hyhriJa, 
 DC. Ilort. Monsp. 75. ^E. discolor, Pursh, FT i. 255, at least in part ; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 
 t. 310 ; Gray, PI. For. Trees N. A. t. 30. AJ. Pavia, var. discolor, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 252. 
 ^E. flava,\a.T. pnrpurasceiis. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 118. Pavia discolor, Poir. Suppl. v. 769. 
 P.hi/hrida, DC. Prodr. i. 598. P. lirida, iiiutdhilis, versicolor, & lucida, Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. 
 ser. 2, ii. 56, 57, 60. — Occurring witii tiie type but especially southwe.stward. An aggregate 
 of forms differing by trivial and incon.stant diaracters of ftdiage, puliescence, and sliade of 
 flowers, and all more or less intermediate between the foregoing sj)ecies and the following. 
 
 ^. Pavia, L. A neat .shrub, 6 to 15 feet high, with slemler branches : leaves 5-foliolate; 
 leaflets much as in the hvst, but averaging somewhat longer (5 to 6 inches) and relatively 
 narrower: flowers scarlet or crimson, slender, 1 to 1} inches in length : pedicels slender, 4 
 to 8 lines long, tending to l)e aggregated or .snlifa.sciculate near the ends of the short 
 branches of the thyrse ; this oliloiig, 6 inches in lengtii and raised on a jiednnde 1 to IJ 
 inches long: calyx more slender and more decidedly tuliular than in the preceding species, 
 6 to 8 lines long. — Spec. i. 344 ; Marsh. Arl). 5 ; Pursh, Fl. i. 2.54. Gnimp. Otto & H.iyne. 
 1. c. t. 21 ; Bart. Bot. App. 28, t. 15, f. 3. Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 252 (excl. var.) ; Chapm! Fl. 
 79. ./-;. humilis, "Lod. Cat."; Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1018, hence ]\iria hiimilia, Don in Loud. 
 Ilort. Brit. 143. /'. atropurpima. l.indlrynna, Willdrnowiana, {]) iutcnntdln. Sc Mirhinurii, 
 Spadi, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, ii. 58-61. — Low rich woods and also on dry hillsides through 
 
448 SAPINDACE.E. ^sculus. 
 
 the Southern States from Kentucky and W. Tennessee to N. Carolina and Florida ; fl. 
 March to April. 
 
 § 3. Macrothyrsus, Reichenb. 1. c. Petals 4 (-5), narrow, spatulate, sub- 
 equal, much exceeded by the stamens. Calyx regular or nearly so, narrow, tubu- 
 lar, o-toothed. Fruit smooth except for the persistent spine-like base of the style. 
 — Macrothyrsus, Spach, 1. c. 61. — S. Atlantic and Gulf States. 
 yip., parviflora, Walt, a shrub, 5 to 10 feet high : leaves pedately 5(-7)-foliolate; leaflets 
 large, uliovate, finely serrate, sharply or even caudately acuminate, darlc green and glabrous 
 abme, pale and tomentulose beneath : racemose panicle very long, slender, at flrst spike- 
 like : calyx 3 lines in length, much exceeded by the narrow wiiite petals, tiiese in their turn 
 much surpassed by the long filiform stamens (inch to inch and half in length) : fruit small, 
 globose, tipped with the sharp and somewhat persistent style. — Car. 128; Chapm. Fl. 80; 
 Gray, Fl. For. Trees N. A. t. .31. yE. macrostachj/a, Michx. Fl. i. 220; Jacq. Ec. i. 17, t. 9 ; 
 Sims' Bot. Mag. t. 2118; Ell. Sk. i. 436; Colla, Hort. Hipul. t. 19; Guimp. Otto & Haync, 
 I.e. t. 26. — Upper country, Georgia, S. Carolina, and Alabama. An attractive species 
 frequent in cultivation. 
 
 § 4. Calothyusus, Reichenb. 1. c. Petals 4, subequal, much exceeded by 
 the stamens. Calyx short, symmetrical at the base; limb 2-lipped and cleft 
 somewhat more deeply upon one side ; the lips entire or minutely 2-3-toothed. 
 Fruit unarmed, at first (as well as the calyx) canescent-tomentulose, soon gla- 
 brate. Flowers relatively small and very numerous. — Pax, 1. c. Calothyrsus, 
 Spach, 1. c. 62. — Pacific Slope. 
 
 lEi. Calif ornica, Nutt. A tree of moderate height with purple branchlets : leaves 5 fdio- 
 late ; petiules stout, flattened or grooved above ; leaflets glabrous upon both surfaces, and 
 crenate serrulate, oblong-lanceolate in outline, acutish to acuminate at tlie apex, but mostly 
 abrupt or even subcordate at the base, paler and yellowish green beneath, the outside jiair 
 subse.ssile, or with short petiolules, the otlier three slender-stalked : petals with sbort claws 
 and oblong crisped blades. — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 2.51 ; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 
 327 ; Henth. PI. Hartw. 301 ; Nutt. Sylv. ii. 69, t. 64 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5077 ; Fl. Serres, 
 xiii. 39, t. 1312; Sargent, Silv. ii. 61, t. 71, 72. Calothi/rsus Californicn, Spach, 1. c. Paria 
 Coli/ornica, Hartw. Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. ii. 123. — Western Central California from Mt. 
 Shasta (ace. to Brew. & Wats.) to Santa Barbara Co. and eastward to Fort Tojon, Rothrork ; 
 fl. ace. to locality May to July. 
 
 M. PArryi, Gray (Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 200), is a related species of N. Lower California, 
 but on account of its .5 fid calyx scarcely to be referred to this section. It may reach S. Calif., 
 and may be readily di.^tinguished by its obovate obtusish leaflets which are canescent-tomentu- 
 lose beneath. (N. Lower Calif., Pringle & Parry, Orcutl.) 
 
 Order XLV. POLYGALACE^. 
 By B. L. Robinson. 
 
 Herbaceous, shrubby, or in warmer countries arborescent plants with watery 
 juice (except in the roots of certain species), simple alternate or more rarely 
 opposite or verticillate entire mostly exstipulate leaves, simple hairs, and zygo- 
 morphous pseudo-papilionaceous flowers. Sepals 5, free (in one foreign genus 
 adnate to the petals and androccium), strongly imbricated, the odd one dorsal, this 
 and the anterior pair external, small, sepaloid ; the lateral (inner) ones, com- 
 
Poh/gala. l'( )LV( iAI.AC'K.K. 449 
 
 monly known as wings (or oIcb), larger and potaloid. PcUils o and alternate with 
 tlie sepals, or more coinniouly reduced to 3 (an od<l anterior on<! and a dorsal 
 pair) ; tlie lower |iri;il, or keel (carina) concave, often crested or Ijeaki-d, more or 
 less connate willi the others or at least adnate to the lower portion of the stami- 
 neal column. Stamens commonly H (the anterior and posterior members of the 
 theoretical 10-stamened 2-whorled androecium being suppressed) ; filaments rarely 
 free, more commonly connate into a dorsally cleft tube; antliers, erect, innate, 
 usually 2-cellcd at first but becoming unicellular by the resorption of the partition 
 wall. Carpels 2, rarely 1, or in a foreign genus 5; ovary 2(rarely l)-<<ili'd; 
 ovules (with rare exceptions) solitary in the cells, anatropr)us, pendulous. Seeds 
 albuminous or exalbuminous, commonly provided with a more or less conspicuous 
 caruncle at the hilum ; embryo straight. — A widely distributed order of which 
 more than half of the species belong to the typical genus Poh/yuhi. 
 
 Kkameiua, La^fl. It. 195, wliiih lias often l)ecn a.>isociated with this onlor slioiiM l>e posi- 
 tively excluded from it upon the grounds admirably stated by (iray, (Jen. 111. ii. 227. There 
 api)eiirs to be no good rea.son why tiie genus should not be placed in the L^ynminosw CassitcE, 
 as by Taubert in Engl. & I'rautl, Nat. I'tiauzenf. iii. Ab. 3, 85. 
 
 1. POLYGALA. Calyx free ; sepals very dissimilar, the lateral (inner) pair larger, pota- 
 loid. Petals rarely 5, commonly (through the suppression of one j)air) 3, united below into 
 a dorsally cleft tube ; the anterior petal strongly carinate, often crested or beaked. Stamens 
 8; filaments more or less completely united into a dorsally cleft tube adnate at the ba.xe to 
 the gamopetalous corolla. Style usu.illy bent and stigma variou.>*ly and une<inallv 2(-4)- 
 loi)ed, often tufted or cucullate-appendaged. Fruit a compressed 2-<elIed wing-margined 
 or wingless capsule; seeds solitary in the cells, pendulous, commonly hairy and in most of 
 ours conspicuously carunculate. 
 
 2. MONNINA. Calyx as in Poli/ffala. Petals 3, nearly or quite free; the lower one cari- 
 nate, more or less inclosing the upper connivent pair; these adnate at the base to the 
 .'itaniineal tube. Fruit indchiscent, 1-2-celled, winged or wingless. 
 
 1. POL"!^G-ALA, Tourn. Milkwort. (IloAv?, much, yaAa, milk; 
 IloAryaXoi', a name used by Dioscorides for some low shrub, reputed a stimulant 
 to lactation.) — Inst. 174, t. 79; L. Gen. no. 507; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 221, t. 
 183, 184; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 13G; Bennett, Jour. Bot. xvii. 137 et scq. ; 
 Wheelock, Mem. Torr. Club, ii. 109; Chodat, Monogr. Polyg. (Mem. Soc. 
 Phys. Hist. Nat. Genev. xxxi. pt. 2, no. 2), & in Engl. &. Prantl, Nat. Pflan- 
 zenf. iii. Ab. 4, 330. — Extensive but natural genus of more than 400 species, 
 chiefly of warm regions and about half of them American. The subdivision of 
 the genus, as here given, is essentially that of Chodat's detailed monograph. 
 
 P. NrxKAXA, Moc. in DC Prodr. i. 330, & A. DC. Cal(|ues des Dess. t. 39, with ovate acu- 
 minate leaves, orbicular wings, and eniarginate capsules, differs widely from any sj>ecies known 
 to grow upon our Western Coast. There can be little doubt that Dr. AVatson was (piite 
 right in regarding it a Mexican plant near P. Americana while its confident identification with 
 P. cuculliita, Benth. by Chodat is not sujiported by a single cliaracter. 
 
 § 1. HebecXupa, Chodat. Low undershrubs with alternate leaves, cadm-ous 
 sepals, ecristate beakless keel, and ciliated, pubescent, or tomentulo.se capsule. — 
 Monogr. Polyg. 9. — "Well marked group including 3 W. Indian small-flowered 
 thick-leaved species (Bmliera, DC. Prodr. i. 331), several Mexican and S. 
 American species, and the following of our southwestern borders. 
 
 29 
 
450 POLYGALACE.E. Pob/f/aln. 
 
 * Flowers solitary in the upper axils, violet-purple and white : wings spatulate : small ul>- 
 loii"' leaves coniniouly witli conspicuous brownish glands upon the lower surface. 
 
 P. macradenia, Gray. Erect much branched ciuereous-tomeutose undershriib, 3 to 8 
 iuclics higli from stout ligneous root : leaves only 2 or 3 lines in length, a line or less in 
 breadth : violet wings somewhat exceeding the keel : capsule ovate-oblong, emarginate, 
 puberuleut ; seeds compressed, narrowly oblong, appressed silky-villous, 2^ lines long, sur- 
 mounted bv a helmet-like puberuleut 3-lobed caruncle. — PI. Wright, i. 39, ii. 30; Torr. & 
 Gray, Pacif. H. Hep. ii. 162; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 49; Chodat, I.e. 36, t. 14, f. 33-36.— 
 Hillsides, W.Texas, Wrif/ht, Thurber, to Arizona, Palmer, Fringle, Leminon; first coll. by 
 Wriykt. ' (Adj. Mex., Palmer.) 
 
 * * Flowers in terminal or lateral spicate racemes, yellowish or greenish white (rarely 
 " blue " ? ) : wings lanceolate or obovate : leaves without conspicuous glands. 
 
 P. puberula, Gkav. Puberuleut, branched from the base: lowest leaves sometimes oval 
 or often like tlie others linear, lance-linear, or linear-oblong : wings obovate, obtuse, siiorter 
 than the keel : ca])sule suborbicular, emarginate, 4 lines in diameter, glabrous or puberulous 
 upon the surfaces, pubescent upon the very narrow margin ; seeds obovate-oblanceolate in 
 outline, finely puberuleut and with rounded caruncle. — PI. Wright, i. 40, ii. 30 ; Torr. Bot. 
 Mex. Bound! 48; Wheelock, 1. c. 150; Chodat, 1. c. 22. — W. Texas (ace. to Coulter, re- 
 ported as far east as Coleman County and Leona River) to Arizona; common. (Mex., 
 Lower Calif. ?) 
 
 P. ovatifolia, Gray. Moderately branched from a lignescent base, soft tomentose-pubes- 
 cent : leaves ovate, obtuse or acutish, shortly petiolate, pubescent upon both surfaces, 8 to 
 10 lines long, two thirds as broad ; the uppermost somewhat narrower, ovate-lanceolate : 
 wings lanceolate, acute or acutish, shorter than the keel : capsule large (at maturity 5 lines 
 iu diameter), orbicular, smooth on the surfaces but strongly ciliated upon the rather broad 
 and distinctly marked border ; seeds ovate, finely silky-villous and with hood-shaped puber- 
 ulous caruncle. — PI. Wright, i. 39 ; Chodat, 1. c. 19, t. 13, f. 26-30. P. ovalifolia, Gray, PI. 
 Lindh. pt. 2, 151 (not of later publications) ; Wats. Bibl. Index, 91, in part ; Wheelock, 1. c. 
 148 (by evident clerical error) ; Coulter, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. i. 31, ii. 27 ; not D(^. — 
 Hillsides, S. and W. Texas, Wright, Reverchon, &c. ; New Mexico, Wright. (Adj. Mex., 
 Eaton & Edwards, Palmer.) 
 P. MTRTiLLOiDES, Willd. (Spec. iii. 889; P. hurifolia, HBK. Nov. Gen. & Spec. v. 407, 
 
 ace. to Chodat; P. ovalifolia, DC. Prodr. i. 331), of Mexico differs in its shorter puberuleut 
 
 rather than pubescent indumentum, obtuser leaves, and longer obtuser wings, which fully 
 
 equal or somewhat exceed the keel. 
 
 § 2. Hebeclada, Chodat, 1. c. 43. Lower pair of sepals connate ; entire 
 calyx persisting in fruit : keel without crest or beak : a single species of the 
 S. Atlantic and Gulf States with some closely allied species of W. India and 
 
 S. America. 
 
 P. grandiflora, Walt. Root lignescent : stems usually several, erect or somewhat flexu- 
 ous and spreading, slender subsimple or somewhat branched, covered with short appressed 
 puberulence : leaves ovate-lanceolate to lance-linear or narrowly linear-oldong, mostly ap- 
 pre.ssed-puberulent : racemes terminal and lateral, loose and secund ; pedicels a line or two 
 long : flowers violet-purple turning greenish in age : wings obovate-cuneate or flabelliform, 
 veiny, 3 lines long, nearly as broad : capsule elliptic-oblong, glabrous, mostly shorter than tlie 
 wings; seeds oblong, scarcely compressed, appressed-hairy. — Car. 179; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 
 i. 132, 670; Chapm. Fl. 84; Wheelock, 1. c. 151 ; Chodat, 1. c. 56. P. Senega, var. rosea, 
 Michx. Fl. ii. 53. P. puhescens rosea, Muhl. Cat. 63. P. puhescens, Ell. Sk. ii. 181. P. 
 Muhlenbergii, Don, Syst. i. 358. — Pine woods, old fields, &c., South Carolina to Florida and 
 Mississippi ; fl. through summer. 
 
 Var. canescens, Shuttl. Stem and leaves canescent-tomentulose, the latter lance- 
 oblong, obtuse : flowers essentially as in the type. — Shuttl. in distr. pi. Rugel, no. 39, & in 
 Gray, PI. Wright, i. 41. P. grandiflora, var. puhescens, Chodat, 1. c. 57 (as to pi. descr.), is 
 probably the same, but P. puhescens rosea, Muhl., was more likely nearer the typical form. — 
 Long Island, Tampa Bay, Florida, Rugel, no. 39. 
 
Polyrjula. POLYGALACK.E. 451 
 
 Var. angUStifolia, Torr. & Gray. Leaves vcrv narrow, liiieir, arutisli, glaiiroux 
 or uearly so : tlowirs siii:ilkr : cajjsule slightly uarnjwer and mostly e(|nalling the wingH. — 
 Fl. i. 071 ; P. jiabtllata, Siiutll. distr. jil. Kugel, no. 37; Gray, 1. c. ; Chodat, 1. c. 53, t. 15, 
 f. 25, immature seed (the ripe ones not differing essentially fn»mtiiose of thetv|»e). — Centr. 
 and S. Florida, /.itivenwortli, liinji/. Counter, I'almtr, GarUr, \ash (plants of the last tiiree 
 in floral char, approaciiing the type). 
 
 § 3. CiiAMitBuxus, DC. Herbs or uiulershrubs, sometimes spiny : leaves 
 
 alternate : calyx mostly deciduous : keel beaked or crested : disk more or b-ss 
 
 developed. — Prodr. i. 331, as modilied by Chodat, 1. c. 93. 
 
 ♦ Keel beaked with a eucunatc or cornuto jirocess : flowers (hctmomorpiinus or hcteronior- 
 ])hous), mostly in leafless racemes: Western and Southwestern. 
 •J— Unarmed. 
 ++ Soft canescent-tomentulose : leaves obtuse or obtusish : flowers rather large in slujrt 
 racc-mes : species of the Southwest. 
 
 P. Rusbyi, Greene. Low undershrub : stems (3 to 5 inches long) from a much branched 
 ligneous rootstock : leaves elliptic or olilancc<date, cuneate at tiie base, 5 to 8 lines long, 
 uearly half as broad : flowers nearly half inch in lengtli, slender-pedicelled : wings carneous, 
 elliptical, 4 or 5 lines long, half as l)road, somewhat surpassed by the ro.se-purple petals : 
 keel witii oblong bluntish beak. — Hull. Torr. Club, x. 125; Wheelock, I.e. 145; Chodat, 
 1. c. 104, t. 18, f. 1-3. — Arizona, Paluier, Rusby, Jones, Lemmon ; first coll. by Palmer ; fl. 
 early summer. 
 
 ++ ++ Pubescent or ])ubcrulent : leaves of firm texture, at least the upper acute or miuro- 
 nate : flowers smaller, developing successively upon and soon deciduous from a slender 
 bracteolate and mostly geniculate axis: upper sepal often persisting under the young 
 puberulent capsule : southwestern very closely related species with numerous stems from 
 a woody root or branched lignescent stock. 
 
 = Upper leaves lanceolate. 
 
 P. Lindhelmeri, Gray. Pubescent or even tomentose-pubescent with spreading hairs : 
 leaves reticulated, mucronate, not glaucescent ; the lower oval, 6 to 9 lines long, a third to 
 more than half as l)road ; racemes (inch or more in length) few-flowered ; rhacliis with 4 to 
 6 soon strongly geniculate joints : flowers purjde, 2 to 2A lines long : outer sepals pubescent 
 and ciliated, narrow and acutish : wings cuneate at the base : capsule elliptic-oblong, covered 
 with spreading pubescence. — PI. Lindh. pt. 2, 150, PI. Wright, i. 31), & ii. 30; Wheelock, 
 1. c. 142, at least in great part, but exd. var.; Chodat, 1. c. 107, t. 18, f. 10-12. — Rocky 
 ground, Texas and New Mexico; the earliest collectors, Lindheimer, Wriyht. 
 
 P. Texensis, Rohinson, n. .sp. Habit and foliage of the last preceding species : covered 
 throngiiout with a very fine incurved or appressed puberulence : up])er leaves more narrowly 
 lanceolate: racemes much longer; rhachises with 12 to 18 joints: outer sepals shorter, 
 elliptic-oblong, obtuse, finely incurved-puberulent upon the outer surface : wings scarcely 
 narrowed at the base : appendage of the keel rather narrowly olilong : fruit unknown. — 
 Rocky places, Texas, on the Ujipcr CJuadalupe River, Lindheinur, no. 337, .Inly, 1845. 
 Evidently growing with or near the type of the last ; also near Comanche, lieveiclion, no. 708. 
 
 P. Arizonae, Chodat. Similar in babit to the last two preceding species : glauce.scent and 
 covered (under lens) with very short incurved or appressed hairs, leaves lanceolate to lance- 
 linear, carinate, not strongly reticulated : inflorescences rather short ; rhachises 4-8 jointe<l : 
 outer sepals ovate-oblong, relatively short and broad, olitu.se, minutely puberulent : ap]>en- 
 dage of the keel very short and blunt : puberulent capsule shorter and broader than in 
 P. Lindhelmeri. — Monogr. Polyg. 108, t. 18, f. 13-15. P. Liudheimeri, var. jxirrifolia, 
 Wheelock, 1. c. 143. — Arizona, on limestone ledges in foot-hills of the Santa Rita Moun- 
 tains, Prinrfle, 1884 ; also secured (ace. to Chodat) on the Mex. Bound. Surv. no. 190, and in 
 New Mexico by Wright, no. 946. 
 
 = = L'ppor leaves linear. 
 
 P. T'Weedyi, Rritton. Glaucous and (uniler lens) incurved-puberulent : all leaves except 
 tiie lowest oblong-linear to linear, acute, pale, erect, 4 to 10 lines long, a Hue or less in 
 
452 POLYGALACE.E. Pohjgala. 
 
 breadth : inflorescences short, 3-4-flowerecl, soon recurving : flowers and fruit much as in 
 the last but beak of keel more slender. — Brittou in Wheelork, 1. c. 143. P. Arizona;, var. 
 tenui/olia, Chodat, 1. c. 109. — W. Texas, Tom Greene Co., Tu-etdy, and what a])pears to be 
 the same in S. Arizona, Lemmon, nos. 497 and 2641. 
 
 ++ ++ -H- Glabrous or nearly so : low shrubs of the Pacific Slope. 
 P. corniita, Kellogg. Branching shrub, 2 to 6 feet high : leaves elliptic-oblong to oval, 
 obtuse, often thickish, 6 to 15 lines long, rather abruptly narrowed at tlie base to distinct 
 but very short petioles : outer sepals tomentulose over the whole outer surface, rarely almost 
 glabrous : flowers 4 lines in length, yellowish or greenish white, borne in short mostly ter- 
 minal racemes : wings oblong : jietals scarcely etjualliug the keel ; tliis tipped with a slender 
 straiglitish beak : capsule orbicular, refuse, 4 lines in diameter ; seeds very hairy with deeply 
 lobed caruncle half their length. — Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. i. 62 ; Wheelock, 1. c. 147. P. C'uli- 
 fornica, Nutt. in herb, as to preserved types ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 59, but certainly 
 not P. Californica, Nutt. (as syn.) in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 671, which without doubt relates 
 to the next species. P. cucullata, Newberry, I'acif. R. Rep. iv. 76, not Beuth. P. Califor- 
 nica, Chodat, 1. c. 106, t. 18, f. 6-9. — Coniferous woods, &c., mountains of California from 
 Los Angeles Co., Nevin, northward perhaps to Oregon ; first coll. by yuttall. 
 
 P. Californica, Nutt. Similar in foliage but mostly of lower stature; stems shorter, more 
 slender and numerous : flowers of two kinds ; the larger showy, half inch in length, roseate, 
 borne in sliort terminal racemes, mostly sterile : outer sepals ciliolate, otherwise glabrous : 
 wings spatulate : petals mostly exceeding the keel ; this bearing a short thickish mostly 
 recurved beak : inconspicuous fertile flowers upon basal shoots : capsule ovate to suborbicu- 
 lar, 3 to 4 lines in diameter ; soft puberulent seeds capped by a less deeply lobed caruncle. — 
 Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 671 (where definitely characterized but erroneously regarded as 
 identical with the very different and probably Mexican P. Nutk-ana) ; Greene, Fl. Francis. 
 93; Wheelock, 1. c. 111. P. Nutkana, Torr. & Gray, 1. c. ; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 49, 1. 12; 
 Chodat, 1. c. 105, t. 18, f. 5 ; not Moc. P. cucullata, Benth. PI. Hartw. 299; Brew. & Wats. 
 1. c. ; Wheelock, 1. c. 146 (by clerical error, see Bull. Torr. Club, xix. 32). — Mountains and 
 hillsides, Oregon, Howell, to Sta. Barbara, California, and southward, as P. Fls/iice, Parry, 
 Proc. Davenp. Acad. iv. 39, of Lower Calif., is doubtless, as stated by Chodat, Bull. Herb. 
 Boiss. iv. 898, only a robust southern form of the same species. 
 
 -t— -t— Branches mostly indurating with age and spinescent-tipped. 
 
 P. SUbspinosa, Watson. Puberulent or rarely pubescent to almost glabrous, 2 to 6 inches 
 or more in heiglit, from a long stout ligneous root and considerably branched stock : leaves 
 lance-oblong to elliptic, spatulate or almost linear, of firm texture, acute to very obtuse, 5 to 
 10 lines long, narrowed to a sessile base : flowers 4 to 5 lines long : elliptic-oblong mo.stly acute 
 or acutish wings and tips of the lateral petals rose-purple ; keel yellow, with a distinct but 
 blunt beak : obovate retuse glabrous or glabrate capsule veiny. — Am. Nat. vii. 299 ; Ben- 
 net, Jour. Bot. xvii, 140; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 59 ; Wheelock, 1. c. 144 ; Chodat, I.e. 
 109, t. 18, f. 16-17. — Foothills of W. Colorado, H. C. Long, to Silver City, Nevada, A'e%.9, 
 and northern borders of Arizona, Palmer. 
 
 P. acanthoclada, Gray. Stems more ligneous, 2 or 3 feet high, becoming an inch in 
 thickness (ace. to Jones), at first cinereous-tomentulose, copiously branched; branches end- 
 ing in divaricately spreading spines : leaves much as in the last, but in the type smaller, 3 to 
 5 lines in length, Inerved : flowers white or with petals purplish-tinged at the tips: wings 
 obovate, rounded at the apex : keel with a short blunt or in some cases almost obsolete beak 
 or mere ridge ; fruit (ace. to Jones) oblong-ovate, 2^ lines long, deeply notched. — Proc. 
 Am. Acad. xi. 73 ; Coulter, Man. Rocky Mt. Reg. 30; Wheelock, 1. c. 144; Jones, Zoe, iii. 
 284 ; Chodat, 1. c. 110, t. 18, f. 18-20. — W. Colorado, Bran(lpf]ee,to Esmeralda Co., Nevada, 
 S/iorklf I/, and Sta Catalina Mts., Arizona, Lemmon; first coll. by Brnndeqee. 
 
 Var. intricata, A. I-'astwood. Leaves about twice as large (8 or 10 lines long), gla- 
 brate or nearly so : wings "tipped with rose-color": fruit oval, deeply emarginate, about 2 
 lines in length, "red on the margin." — Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, vi. 283. — Near the 
 eastern border of Utah, Miss Eastwood. Without characters which well developed speci- 
 mens of the too little known type may not also exhibit. 
 
Podjfjala. 1'()LY(;ALACJ;.K. 4o3 
 
 * ♦ Flowers of two kinds, the showy ones few, large (6 to 9 lines long), solitary in tlie 
 upper axils or apjicariiig terminal : keel with a cunspiiuous ]iluniuse crest: sin-cies of the 
 Atlantic Slojte, extending westward to Winnipeg. 
 
 P. paucifolia, Wim.d. (Fhisged Tolygala, Fmjwkiiino WixTKUfiitKEN.) Stems 
 several from a slender elongating rlii/omo, erect, 3 to C inches or more in lieight ; lower 
 leaves small and bracllike ; the upi)ermost clustered at the summit of the stem, cuneate at 
 the petiolate base, rounded and ajiiiuhite, (jlituse or aculish at the ajR-x, G to 20 lines in 
 length, half or two tliirds as broad, ghibrous or puberulent : wings and jM-tals rose-coloreil 
 varying to wiiite : obcordate ghil)rous capsule nearly orbicular in outline, 4 lines in dia- 
 meter : deistdgamous flowers ])roduced at or near the emis of siemier sex enil bracted 
 brandies from tiie rliizome or bases of tlie erect stems. — Spec. iii. 880; Hartim, Fi. N. A. ii. 
 59, t. 56, f. 1 ; Hook. Hot. Mag. t. 2832, & Fl. Hor.-Am. i. 86 ; Beck, liot. 46, with var. alha. 
 Fights, the wiiite-flowered form ; Gray, (ien. 111. ii. 224, t. 184 ; Wheelock, 1. c. 141. P. uui- 
 JJoni, Michx. Fl. ii. 53. P. jinrpurea, Ait. f. Kew. ed. 2, iv. 244. Triclis/iprma f/raiulijlora, 
 Kaf. Speccli. i. 117. — Cool sphagnum bogs, &c., Anticosti (ace. to Macoun), New Bruns- 
 wick, New Kngland, and tlie Middh' Atlantic States, soutliward in the uplands to (ieorgia, 
 northwestward along tiie (Jreat Lakes to Winnipeg, the plains of tlie Saskatchewan, 
 Bourgeau (? ace. to Macoun), and Minnesota. 
 
 § 4. Orthopolygala, Chodat, 1. c. 120. Unarmed horlis or uii(kr.'ilirul»s 
 with alternate, opposite, or verticillate leaves, persistent calyx, and crested keel. 
 
 * Oblong capsule oblique at the end, and winged (or wing-marginetl ) upon one edge (wing 
 sometimes inconspicuous or almost obsolete in P. scojxiria): suffrute.scent glabrous |>er- 
 ciinials of the Southwest with erect alternate linear-oblong acute or even pungent leaves 
 and small whitisli spicate-racemose flowers: stigma bilabiate, the upper lobe minutely 
 pcnicillate. 
 
 P. hemipterocarpa, Ohay. Stems l to several, erect, a foot or two high, sharply 
 furrowed-augulatc, subsimple: leaves half inch to inch in length, carinate : flowers soon 
 spreading or dctlcxed in elongated terminal rather loose secund racemes : wings elliptic- 
 pvate, cuneate at the base, rounded at the apex, scarcely equalling the capsule ; wing of the 
 capsule broad, white, crenulate or crisped ; seed long and slender, soft-villous, and with a 
 caruncle a tliinl to more than half its length. — PI. Wright, ii. 31 ; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 
 49; Wiieelock, 1. c. 138; Chodat, 1. c. 281, t. 26, f. 1-2 (ind. var. trac^ca/a). — Mountains, 
 W. Texas ? (see Wheelock, 1. c.) ; New Mexico, Wn'ijlu ; Arizona, Lemmon, Pringle. 
 P. SCOparia, HBK. Of lower growth, 6 to 15 inches high, usually much liranched from 
 the ligneous base ; stems or branches slender, flexuous, leafy : leaves 4 to 6 lines long, pun- 
 gent : cajjsule with a very narrow wing-margin on one edge : otherwise much like the last. 
 — Nov. Gen. & Spec. v. 399 ; Gray, PI. Wright, i. 38, ii. 30, ind. var. miilticaiilis ; Seem. 
 Bot. Herald. 269; Wheelock, 1 c. 137 ; Chodat, 1. c. 282, t. 26, f. 3-5. '. P. scopanoiilcs, 
 Chodat, I.e. 284, t. 26, f. 6, 7 (differences probably formal). — Mountains and foot-hills. 
 Central and W. Texas to Arizona. (Mex.) 
 
 * * Capsule wingless. 
 ■i- Sepals not conspicuously decurrent upon the pedicels : flowers purple, roseate, white, or 
 cream-color : wiugs obtuse or obtusish e.xcept in P. Iloobri, P. brevi/olia, and P. cruriata. 
 ++ Perennials (except P. alba, P. T3oi/lini, and P. pnctervlsa) with stems (in well devel- 
 oped plants) always several to many from an often ligncscent root or stock. 
 = Flowers of two kinds, namely, small green cleistogene very fertile ones commonly borne 
 on palo basal more or le.-<s buried shoots, and larger roseate or white less fertile ones in 
 rather loo.se terminal racemes : leaves alternate. 
 P. pol^gama, Walt. Stems angled, leafy, 4 inches to a foot or more in height: leaves 
 elliptic-oblong to linear, obtuse but often mucronulate at the apex, cuneate at base, on the 
 slender fertile basal shoots reduced to small scales : larger flowers rose-colored to almost 
 violet-purple: peilicels slender, .soon horizontal and at length recurved, consideraldy exceed- 
 ing the deciduous l)ractlets : wings oval, narrowed at ba.se: capsule broadly oMong-ovate ; 
 seed hairy or subglabrous, with conspicuous bilobed loo.sely cellular caruncle three fourths 
 
454 POLYGALACE.E. Polygala. 
 
 its leugth : cleistogene flowers with reduced greeuisli or pale envelopes and styleless ovary. 
 — Car. 179; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 132; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Ain. i. 86, t. 29; Wheelock, 1. c. 139; 
 Chodat, 1. c. 279, t. 25, f. 36-40 (incl. formal vars. obtusata ajid macrospora) ; not DC. P. 
 rubella, Willd. Spec. iii. 875; Bigel. Med. Bot. iii. 129, t. 54. — Saudy fields and rich woods. 
 Nova Scotia to Ontario and Lake of the Woods, Dairson (ace. to Macouu), south to Florida 
 and Texas; fl. spring and summer, somewhat according to latitude. A pale-flowered form, 
 the var. pallida, Ilollick (or rather Brittou?), Bull. Torr. Club, xviii. 256, occurs in some 
 localities with the typical one. Forms with short racemes of clcistogamous flowers spring- 
 ing from the upper leaf-axils or even with the flowers of the terminal raceme reduced and 
 cleistogamous (var. aboktiva, Chodat, 1. c. 280), are occasionally found. 
 = = Flowers greenish white (persistent wings sometimes erubescent or purplish), subses- 
 sile in terminal mostly compact spikes: none cleistogene: leaves all alternate, lanceolate 
 to ovate : root becoming thickish : wings suborbicular. 
 P. Senega, L. (Skneca Snakeroot.) Root stoutish, often irregular, surmounted by a 
 compact branching caudex : stems simple or nearly so, terete, slightly puberulent, 6 to 15 
 inches in height, leafy : lowest leaves scale-like, obtuse, often erubescent ; the others lance- 
 linear to elliptic-lanceolate, 6 to 18 lines in length, a fourth as broad, with scabrous (or 
 under lens denticulate) margins: capsules thickish, broader than long; seeds black, puberu- 
 lent, somewhat pyriforra, conspicuously carunculate. — Spec. ii. 704; Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 
 1051 ; Hook. FL Bor.-Am. i. 85; Bigel. Med. Bot. ii. 97, t. 30; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 223, t. 183 ; 
 Wheelock, 1. c. 134; Chodat, 1. c. 278, t. 25, f. 34, 35. — Open woods in rich soil, Aroostook 
 Falls, New Brunswick, Hay; Vermont, Quices ; east shore of Hudson Bay, R. Bell; the 
 Rocky Mountains of Brit. America ; and southward to N. Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkan- 
 sas ; fl. through summer. Extensively collected for officinal root and becoming scarce in 
 most localities. Certainly passing into the often strikingly different 
 
 Var. latifolia, Torr. & Gray. Root mostly more slender: stems taller: leaves (at 
 least the upper ones) ovate, acuminate at each end, 2 or 3 inches long, an inch or even more 
 in breadth, mostly serrulate : inflorescences inclining to be laxer and capsules and seeds 
 mostly larger than in the typical form. — Fl. i. 131 ; Gray, Man. ed. 2-6; Wheelock, 1. c. 
 135. P. Senega, var. dentata, Chodat, 1. c. 279, from description, in which author neglects 
 to mention type specimens or range. — Rich woods, Pennsylvania to Georgian Bay, I^ake 
 Huron, Dickson, ace. to J. M. Macoun, westward to S. Dakota, ace. to Rydberg, and south- 
 ward to Tennessee. The more marked specimens are western, those of the Virginian 
 mountains showing transitions to the type. 
 
 = = = Flowers (of one kind) white or roseate, in terminal tapering spikes: root not 
 thickened : leaves linear-lanceolate to elliptic-oblong, all or at least the primary ones tend- 
 ing to be verticillate. 
 a. Species of the Southern States east of the Mississippi : capsule suborbicular. 
 P. Boykini, Nctt. Glabrous, 1 to 3 feet high : stems sharply angled : lower leaves elliptic 
 or oval, obtuse, often apiculate; the upper lance-oblong, acute, all verticillate or the upper 
 scattered : spikes 1 1 to 4 inches long, gradually tapering, long-peduncled ; the nearly sessile 
 white or greenish white flowers with broad oval or suborbicular wings: capsules IJ to 2 
 lines in diameter ; seeds appre.ssed-pubescent, curved, somewhat tapering to the apex ; 
 lobes of the caruncle rather broad, often imbricated. — Jour. Acad. I'hilad. vii. 86 ; Chodat, 
 1. c. 137, t. 20, f. 15, 16. P. Bojjkinii, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 131, 670; Wats. Proc. Am. Acad, 
 xxi. 416 ; Wheelock, 1. c. 120, excl. var. P. bicolor. Hook. Jour. Bot. i. 194 ; Torr. & Gray, 
 Fl. i. 130. P. alba, Chapm. Fl. 85, from char. — Preferring calcareous .soil, from Georgia, 
 where first coll. by Boijhin, to Florida and westward to New Orleans, where early coll. by 
 Dnunmoud : fl. ace. to conditions, from early spring to autumn. Narrow-leaved specimens 
 from Alabama, Buckley, in habit simulate P. alba, but owing to their shorter and relatively 
 broader capsules are by Dr. Watson referred to the present species. 
 b. Species of Florida : capsule elliptic-oval 
 P. prsetervisa, Chodat. Slender glabrous annual (2 feet high) with several flexuous 
 simjde or considerably branched .slightly angled scoparious stems with a few approximate 
 verticels of leaves near the base, otherwise sparingly alternate-leaved or nearly naked and 
 junciform : leaves lanceolate to linear, acutish or very acute, even the largest only 4 or 5 
 
Polij(jala. POLYGALACE.E. 455 
 
 lines long and a line or line and a half broad : slender long-peduncled spikes of small white 
 flowers very tapering, 1 to 2 Indies long: capsule smaller than in the related species, at 
 full maturity scanely a line in length, two thirds as broatl : small cylindrical approssed- 
 hairy seed witli hilohed caruncle half its length ; the lohes not imbricated. — Monogr. Polvg. 
 140," t. 20, f. 19, 20. l\ IJuij/cinii, var. s/<(//s//o/,</, Wheelock, 1. c. 121. — Ciral soil, riuij-.e 
 Key, S. Florida, Vurtiss, no. 503* ; H. early spring. Amply distinct from /'. Boijkini in its 
 capsule as well as smaller leaves and scojiarious habit, 
 
 c. Species of western range : capsule short-oblong. 
 P. alba, Nltt. Hoot single, of doubtful periiaps varying duration : .stems erect, 8 to 20 
 inches in height, leafy up to or .somewhat above the middle, terminating in slender naked 
 peduncles : leaves all alternate, or the lowest verticillate, narrow, oblong to linear, half inch 
 to inch in length, a line in breadth; the lowest ones liroader, spatulate, obtuse, the others 
 acute: spikes 1 to 3 inches hmg, at fir.st very <len.<e : Howers white: wings ovate, narrowed 
 at base, exceeding the capsule: 2-lobed caruncle about half the length of the oblong dark- 
 colored appres.sed-villous seed. — Gen. ii. 87 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 1.'51 ; (Jray, I'l. Fendl. 30, 
 PI. Wright, i. 38, & ii. 30 (excl. Sonoran plants); Wheelock, I.e. 136; Cho<lat, I.e. 135, 
 t. 20, f. 13, 14. — Plains, Louisiana to Dakota and westward to Washington and Arizona. 
 (Mex.) Common and at the Southwest somewhat variable. 
 
 Var. SUSpecta, Watson. Lower in stature, with more slender perhaps annual root 
 anil decumbent stems : all of the leaves or at least the lower and middle cauline verticillate, 
 oblong-lanceolate : Howers (sometimes erubescent), fruit, and seed essentially as in the typ- 
 ical form. — Proc. Am. Acad. xxi. 416. P. alba, form, Gray, PI. Wright, ii. .30, as to 
 Sonoran plants. P. alba, var. Schaffneri, Chodat, 1. c. 137. — Mountains of Arizona, Lem- 
 mon, Wilcox. (Common in Mex., where coll. by Seemann, Gregfj, Wriijht, Schaffner, Parry 
 & Palmer.) Very closely related if not identical is P. bicotor, IIBK. Nov. Gen. & Spec. v. 
 394, t. 507, regarded both by Gray and by Chodat as a low variety of P. alba. The North- 
 ern Mexican P. subalata, Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. xxvi. 132, of identical habit, appears to 
 differ only in seed-characters of doubtful constancy. 
 
 ++ ++ Strictly annual (except P. setacea) : root slender, simple or branched ami perpendicu- 
 lar, or of slender fascicled fibres, neither ligneous nor thickened: stem single at base 
 (rarely 2 or 3 in the leafless P. setacea), erect, sometimes branching from the lower inter- 
 nodes but not from a caudex. 
 
 = Leaves all alternate : petals united into a slender tube more than twice the length of the 
 spatulate wings. 
 P. incarnata, L. Tall slender flexuous smooth and glaucescent annual, simple or few- 
 branched : stems angled, often almost naked : leaves narrow, linear, acute, erect, seldom 
 over half inch long, sometimes much reduced : spikes terminating the axis and elongated 
 branches, cylindric, rather dense : tubular corollas roseate, spreading from near the summit, 
 2 lines or more in length, conspicuously crested : fruit .soon exposed. — Spec. ii. 701 ; Hill, 
 Veg. Syst. xxii. t. 51, f. 1 ; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 84; Chapm. Fl. 84; Gray. Man. ed. 1-6; 
 Wheelock, 1. c. 124 ; Chodat, 1. c. 189, t. 22, f. 10-18. —Dry thin .soil, oak and pine barrens, 
 also on prairies, New Jersey to S. Ontario, Dodge, ace. to J. M. Macoun, Wisconsin, Indian 
 Territory, Bush, and southward to Florida and Texas ; fl., ace. to situation, from April to 
 September. The var. 3 of Torr. & Gray (Fl. i. 129 ; P. paniculnta, LeConte, not L.) coll. 
 in Georgia by LeConte, and described a.s paniculately branched, almost leafless, and with 
 corolla-tube little exceeding the wings, is obscure, perhaps not of this species. 
 = = Leaves all alternate: wings exceeding the corolla: root a fa.scicle of numerous slender 
 fibres : racemes elongated very slender and loosely flowered : species of the Southwest. 
 
 P. paludosa, St.Hil. Very slender, glabrous, 1 to 2 feet high, simple below, mostly 
 branched above ; the branches few, erect : leaves narrowly linear, very acnte, erect : small 
 pale or rose-purple flowers at length nodding on very short filiform pedicels in the slender 
 soon loosely flowered attenuate spicate r.-xcemes : elliptic-obovate cuneate-b.a.sed wings and 
 short-oblong fruit about three fourths line in length ; seed pubescent and provided with a 
 small bilobod caruncle about one eighth of its length. — Fl. Bras. Merid. ii. 8, excl. vars in 
 part ; Chodat, 1. c. 226, t. 24, f. 4, 5. P. leplocaulis, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 130; Wheelock, 1. c. 
 
456 POLYGALACE^. Pohjgala. 
 
 127. — Moist sandy and grassy places, Louisiana and Texas. (S. Am. in S. Brazil, Para- 
 guay, &c.) Overlooking the small hut distinct hilohed caruncle, Chodat, 1. c, has called the 
 N. American form var. exaiipendiculala. In the seeds examined the caruncle a))i)ears to he 
 essentially as in the S. American plant. In its peculiar geographic distribution this species 
 may be compared with Speigulana Platensis, Cienfaegosia sulphurea, &c. 
 == = == Leaves, at least the lower ones, verticillate : wings obtuse or rounded at the apex : 
 flowers in slender tapering spikes. 
 P. leptostachys, Suuttl. Tall and slender, scarcely branched, 1 to 2 feet high : inter- 
 nodes four to six limes as long as tlie linear-oblong acute verticillate leaves : spikes a line 
 and a half in diameter ; small Howers sessile ; elliptical wings exceeded by the elliptic- 
 oblong capsule. — Shuttl. in Gray, Tl. Wright, i. 41 ; Chapm. Fl. 85 ; Wheelock, 1. c. 121 ; 
 Chodat, 1. c. 140, t. 20, f. 21. — Dry pine barrens, Florida, first coll. by Leavenworth. Readily 
 recognizable by its very elongated internodes. 
 P. verticillata, L- Kather low, seldom over 8 inches in height except at the southwest, 
 ' when well developed rather copiously and verticillately branched and somewhat flat-topped : 
 leaves all or nearly all verticillate: flowers white or greenish but rarely with distinct pur- 
 plish cast, compactly arranged : wings usually smaller than the capsule which is apt to be 
 conspicuously exposed at maturity. — Spec. ii. 706 ; Hill, Veg. Syst. xxii. t. 5;}, f. 3 ; Torr. 
 & Grav, Fl. i. 130; Wheelock, 1. c. 122; Chodat, 1. c. 138, t. 20, f. 17, 18, inch var. aparl- 
 noides^a.t least as to no. 26 of Drummond, but excl. var. amblgua. — Dry pastures, &c., Maine 
 to Florida, west to the Saskatchewan, Bourgeau, Wyoming, Colorado, Texas, and even 
 Utah ; common ; fl. midsummer. A taller form from Texas, coll. Wright, has longer more 
 looselv flowered spikes. 
 
 Var. ambigua, Wood. Quite simple or irregularly branched, often taller than the 
 type: upper and sometimes middle cauliue leaves alternate: spikes often loosely flowered 
 helow : flowers commonly but not invariably purple-tinged : wings about e<iualling and often 
 appressed to the fruit. — Class-Book, ed. of 1861, 296; Wats. & Coulter in Gray, Man. 
 ed. 6, 122 ; Chodat, 1. c. 139. P. ambigua, Nutt. Gen. ii. 89 ; Gray, Man. ed. 1-5 ; Wheelock, 
 1. c. 124. — Dry rich soil, Hartford, Maine, Parlin; Vermont, Brainerd ; Springfield, Massa- 
 chusetts', Mrs. Smith ; Rhode Island, J. F. Collins (white-flowered) ; New Jersey to Georgia, 
 and westward to Louisiana, Missouri, and Indian Territory, C. S. Sheldon (ace. to Holz- 
 inger). Generally recognizable from the type but not distinguished from it by a single 
 constant or wholly satisfactory difference. 
 
 = ^ ^ = Leaves all alternate, sometimes much reduced : wings about equal to or sur- 
 passing the corolla : root simple or branched, not of fascicled fibres. 
 a. Leaves almost filiform or reduced and scale-like: inflorescences (rather dense) ovoid to 
 cylindric, with conical gradually tapering summit : very slender simple or few-branched 
 species of the Gulf States, a foot to 18 inches in height. 
 P. setacea, Michx. Perennials, sending up successive slender sul)simple almost filiform 
 'apparently naked stems ; these (rarely 2 or 3 coetaneous) in turn dying down and leaving 
 only their blackened per.sisting bases ; branches when present simple, erect : leaves scale- 
 like, linear-subulate, scarcely more than a line in length : flowers small, white or nearly so: 
 wings spatulate : small capsule at length somewhat deltoid from a broad base. — Fl. ii. 52 ; 
 Ell.'"sk. ii. 183 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 129 ; Wheelock, 1. c 126 ; Chodat, 1. c. 195, t. 22, f. 28- 
 31. —Pine woods, &c., Florida and perhaps Georgia; fl. spring. 
 P. Chapmanii, Torr. & Gray. Similar in its slender flexuons habit but annual : leaves 4 
 'to 8 lines in length : flowers rose-purple : crest of keel reduced to 2 or more low blunt pro- 
 cesses. -Fl. i. 131 ; Chapm. Fl. 83 ; Wheelock, 1. c. 132 ; Chodat, 1. c. 192, t. 22, f. 21-23.- 
 Florida, where first coll. by Chapman, to Alabama, Mohr, and S. Mississippi, Miss Skehan. 
 h. Leaves linear to narrowly oblong: inflorescences snhglohose, ovoid, or short-cylindric, 
 very obtuse or (in P. Curtissii) tending to be abruptly apiculate : plants when well devel- 
 oped considerably branched. 
 P. Curtissii, Gray. When young subsimple but soon copiously branched, 6 to 15 inches 
 'hi<rh: branches widely spreading, curved-ascending, leafy : stem-leaves oblong-linear, about 
 an^inch long ; the rameal linear, 4 to 9 lines in length, not a line in breadth : inflorescences 
 
Polygala. POLYGALACE^. 457 
 
 sleiuler-petluncled, commonly ratlier dense, ovoid or even oblate, half inch or more in diam- 
 eter, tending to he aijiculate tlirongli the protrusion of the hract-covered axis : flowers r<jso- 
 purple, on filiform divaricate pedicels, these two or tliree times exceeding the wholly 
 persistent bractlets : wings narrowly ovate-elliptic, conspicuously unguiculate, about a line 
 in breadth : fruit at length exposed, broader tlian long ; small black seeds pyriform, almost 
 beaked, surmounted by a caruncle scarcely a fourth :ls long. — Man. ed. 5, 121 ; Wheelock, 
 1. c. 129. P. A"h/^///(, Chodat, 1 c. 190, t. 22, f. 19-20, not 'I'orr. & (Jray. — Dry ground on 
 hillsides, fields, and in open woods, Pennsylvania, at Betlilehem, Wollc, a<.c. to Wiieelock, 
 southward to Georgia, westward to Alabama, Tennessee, Kentucky, and (?) Arkansas; 
 especially abundant in Maryland and District of Columbia; H. June to October. The 
 original specimens (coll. near Ale.xandria, Virginia, by C'urtiss) have the flowers loosely 
 racemose with some of the subtending bcactlets elongated and subfoliaceous, but are in these 
 regards highly exceptional, possibly abnormal, so tiiat there is scarcely need to apply Dr. 
 Gray's name var. pi/ciwst<ichi/a (published by Knowlton, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, iii. 
 106) to the ordinary more densely flowered form. 
 
 P. Mariana, Mill. Resembling the last preceding, but mostly with fewer more erect 
 branches: smaller roseate flowers clustered at the summit of the elongated axis in an ovoid 
 mostly very siiort and obtuse slender-])edunculate inflorescence (4 to 5 lines in diameter): 
 lower bractlets deciduous with or soon after the flowers : wings oval, obtuse, ratlier alirujitly 
 contracted below and very short-clawed : small relatively broad rather turgid pods and pyri- 
 form seeds nmch as iu the last. — Diet. ed. 8, no. 6, ace. to Wheelock, 1. c. 131, the type 
 having been examined by Prof. Britton (Pluk. Mant. 153, t. 438, f. 5). P.fastirjiuta, Nutt. 
 Gen. ii. 89 ; Chapm. bl. 83; Wats. & Coulter in Gray, Man. ed. 6, 121 ; Chodat, 1. c. 193, t 
 22, f. 24, 25. P. sanguinea, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 126, in part. — Hillsides, &c., Delaware, 
 Canbi/, to Florida, W. Tennessee, Bain, Texas, Wright, and Arkansas, ace. to Lesquereux. 
 
 P. Nuttallii, Tour. & Gray. Similar to the two preceding but of lower stature (4 to 9 
 inches high), almost always with a few erect branches: pedunculate inflorescences more 
 slender and distinctly cylindric, 2 to 3 lines iu thickness, obtusish or subacute ; divaricate 
 branchlets persisting on lower parts of the floral axes : small flowers nearly sessile, purplish 
 or greenish white: elliptic-lanceolate subacute wings about a line in length. — Fl. i, 670 
 (as to first syn. P. sanguinea, Nutt.) ; Chapm Fl. 83 ; Wheelock, 1. c. 133. P. sanguinea, 
 Nutt. Gen. ii. 88, not L. P. Torrei/i, Chodat, 1. c. 194, t. 22, f. 26, 27 (who by Warwich, 
 Kingtown, and Cogdon, doubtless means Warwick, Kingston, and Congdon). — Mostly in 
 poor soil, Martha's Vineyard, Oakes, Khode Island, Tluuber, Olneg, Congdon, and from Long 
 Island, Wintnn, S. Pennsylvania, Porter, southward to Maryland, Canbg, and Kentucky, 
 chiefly near the coast and seemingly most common in tlie barrens of New Jersey ; fl. late 
 summer. The Missouri occurrence of this species, mentioned by Wats. & Coulter in Gray, 
 Man. ed. 6, 121, and its Arkansas occurrence ace. to Hranner & Coville, Hep. Geol. Surv. 
 Ark. iv. 168, have not been verified by the writer. Wats. Bibl. Index, 91, and Wheelock, 
 1. c, would seem to be in error in citing P. amhigua, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 130, as a synonym 
 ()f this species. 
 
 P. sanguinea, L. More leafy and leaves broader, even the rameal often oblong rather than 
 linear: spikes thick, soon cylindric, when fully developed half inch in diameter, blunt: 
 flowers considerably larger than in the foregoing related species : the broadly ovate-oblong 
 wings closely imbricated, in fruit 3 lines in length, two thirds as broad, sometimes slightly 
 mucronnlate at the broad rounded apex, ro.^e-purple passing througli various gradations to 
 greenish white, with conspicuous more deeply colored midnerve : bractlets usually persist- 
 ent, from half to fully as long as tlie sj)rea(iing pedicels : flask-shaped puberulent black seed 
 with a caruncle half or more than half its length. — Spec. ii. 705 ; Michx. Fl. ii. 52 ; Bigel. 
 Fl. Bost. 166; Wats. & Coulter in Gray, Man. ed. 6, 121 ; Chodat, 1. c. 191. /'. viridescens, 
 L. 1. c. ; Wheelock, 1. c. 127, incl. var. all)! flora, the wliite-flowered form. P. purpurea, 'SiM. 
 Gen. ii. 88; Barton, Fl. N. A. ii. t. 47 (wings too acute). — Meadows and roadsides. Nova 
 Scotia, McCulloch, southward to N. Carolina, westward to Minnesota, Kansas, and Indian 
 Territory, Palmer : fl. June to October. An attractive species, the commonest of the North- 
 eastern States. Albinos are not infre(|uent. 
 == = = = = Leaves all or in great part verticillate : wings acute to caudate-acuminate. 
 
 P. Hookeri, Torr. & Gray. Slender flexuous angulate stem more or less branched above, 
 
458 POLYGALACE.E. Polyrjala. 
 
 6 to 15 inches high, soon almost leafless below : leaves 3 to 6 lines long, scarcely a line wide : 
 pedunculate racemes rather loose and terminated even in fruit h\ tiie protruding sterile 
 imbricate-bracted apex of tlie axis : wings ovate-oblong, slightly narrower and more acute 
 than in the next, mostly conduplicate and thereby appearing still more sharply pointed, 
 commonly exhibiting uear the apex a spongy (glandular ;) tliickeuing: seeds scai-cely luilf 
 line long."— Fl. i. 671 ; Chapm. ¥\. 84; Wheelock, 1. c. 119; Chodat, 1. c. 188, t. 22, f. 13- 
 15. P. attennata, Hook. Jour. Bot. i. 195, not Xutt. — Gulf States from Florida to Louisi- 
 ana ; first coll. by Dnimmond. 
 P. brevifolia, Nitt. Erect, much branched, 6 to 10 inches high or rarely taller : leaves 
 narrowly elliptic to linear-oblong, mostly obtuse, 6 to 8 lines long, a line and a half iu 
 breadtl), the rameal commonly alternate : flowers rose-purple in pedunculate rather dense 
 spicate or capitate racemes whicii are soon obtuse tit the summit : wings broadly ovate-oblong, 
 commonly expanded and flattish, merely acutish : seeds ovoid, fully three fourths line in 
 lengtii, almost black, loosely puberulent, about equalled by the two long narrow scale-like 
 lobes of the caruncle. — Geu. ii. 89; Chapm. Fl. 84; Wats. & Coulter in Gray, Man. ed. 6, 
 122 ; Wheelock, 1. c. 119; Chodat, 1. c. 187, t. 22, f. 10-12. P. cruciata, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 
 127, in part. — Margins of swamps, &c.. New Jersey, where apparently common; also in 
 Florida, Chapnuin, and Mississippi at Ocean Springs, Tracij, Pollard, where in its taller 
 growtli and more apiculate racemes it approaches the last. Intermediate stations of this 
 (ace. to present knowledge) geographically dissevered species may be sought with interest. 
 Its occurrence iii Ohio, althougii mentioned in the original description, does not appear to 
 have been confirmed iu recent times. 
 P. cruciata, L. Mostly low (3 to 10 inches in height) and corymbosely branched: stem 
 wing-angled : leaves, in fours or fives, narrowly elliptic-oblong, obtuse or mucronulate, punc- 
 tate, about an inch in length, 1 to 2 lines in breadth, the uppermost usually surrounding and 
 often surpassing the short thick subsessile spicate or capitate rather dense sometimes apicu- 
 late racemes of rose-purplish to greenish white flowers (rather large for the genus) : wings 
 caudate-acuminate from broad deltoid subcordate base : seed sparingly pubescent, black or 
 nearly so, elliptic-oblong in outline, nearly equalled by the caruncle. — Spec. ii. 706 ; Gray, 
 Gen. ni. ii. 223, t. 183, f. 12, 13, & Man. ed. 1-6 ; Wheelock, 1. c. 117 ; Chodat, 1. c. 185, "t. 
 22, f. 6-9. P. cuspidata, Hook. Jour. Bot. i. 1 94, not DC. — Peal bogs, margins of swamps 
 and occasionally in drier situations. New England to Minnesota and southward to the Gulf 
 of Mexico ; fl. midsummer and early autumn. The very characteristic caudate acumination 
 of the wings is sometimes reduced or wanting [Leggett). In the Gulf States plants of taller 
 stature, and with narrower linear leaves, pedunculate inflorescences, and deeper-purple 
 flowers, may be distinguished as var. ramosior, Nash, in herb. (Florida, Duval Co., Ciirtisx, 
 no. 509, Lake Co., Nash, nos. 1210, 2192, New Smyrna, Palmer, no. 30; Alabama, Gates; 
 Mississippi, Ocean Springs, Pollard, no. 1069), but the name is not well chosen, as the de- 
 gree of branching is neither constant nor marked. 
 
 -<— H— Flowers (homomorphous) bright yellow or orange (except in P. Baldwini), borne in 
 short thick terminal or corymbosely paniculate obtuse or apiculate spikes or racemes : 
 erect glabrous mostly showy-flowered annuals or biennials with fibrous or single and few- 
 branched roots and always alternate or basal leaves: .sepals tending to be decurrent upon 
 the thus angled or narrowly winged pedicels : species of the Middle and S. Atlantic and 
 Gulf States : wings acute or cuspidate. — Decurrentes, Chodat, 1. c. 197. 
 -H- Spicate or capitate racemes solitary or few and remote, terminating the stems or their 
 few simple branches. 
 
 = Wings ovate-lanceolate, gradually and sharply acuminate : keel with a long crest of 
 slender bifid processes: stems low (1-J to 4 or 5 inches high), often subscapose. 
 P. nana, DC. Subacaulescent annual with slender perpendicular simple or sparingly 
 branched root and clrefly radical spatulate obtuse or mucronulate leaves: flowers very 
 numerous in compact oblong spikes bristling with the sharp-pointed wings, yellow turning 
 dark bluish green in drying: caruncle scarcely more than half the length of the seed. — 
 Prodr. i. 328 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 127 ; Chapm". Fl. 83; Wheelock, 1. c. 116 ; Chodat, 1. c 199, 
 t. 22, f. 40, 41. P. lutm, var. nana, Michx. Fl. ii. 54. P. viridescens, Walt. Car. 178; Ell. 
 Sk. ii. 186; not L. — Dry fertile soil and low coniferous woodland, S. Carolina to Florida, 
 
]'o/;/yala. l'( »1.V(- ALACK.K. 459 
 
 Louisiana, and Arkansas ; fl. March to June. Var. humillima, Chodat, 1. c. 200, is merely 
 the must dwarf furiu (or perliajis stale) with iutluresceuces suli»eii»ile among the rudiial 
 leaves. 
 
 = = Wings ovate-oldong or elli|)tic-ol)long with sliort sliarp ajiiral cusp: keel with a hliort 
 crest: stems (mostly 8 inches tu a foot or more in height) leafy. 
 P. lutea, L. Annual, erect, 6 to 15 inches high: stems often several from a suhfilirous 
 root, simple or witii a few sj)readiiig branches near or aliove the middle : cauline lea\eM ol»- 
 long-laneeolate, acute ; liie lower and radical ones passing to si):itulate or even olwivate- 
 cuueate with rounded ai)ex : tlowers in iiroad <lense ohtn.HC or (through the pmjecting 
 innermost bracts) cuspidate long-j)ednncled capitate racemes, suli)hur yellow or omnge, not 
 turning dark in drying : wings hecoming 3 J lines in Icngtii and li lines in breadth : crest of 
 the keel of 6 or 8 short processes (half line or less in length), the ujiper (dorsal) ones nither 
 broad and not filiform: seed wilh a slender caruncle most often of nearly its own length. — 
 Spec. ii. 705 ; Torr. & (iray, Fl. i. 127 ; Chapm. Fl. 8.{ ; Meehan, Native Flowers, ser. 2, ii. 
 123, t. 31 ; Wheclock, 1. c. 115; Chodat, 1. c. I'J", t. 22, f. 32-35. /'. Psciitloseiieiju, liertol. 
 Bot. Miscel. xv. 21, t. 3, f. 2 (Hot. Zeit. xiv. 784), ace. to Gray. — Sandy soil, low pine wootls, 
 &c., Long Island, New York, and S. V.. IVnnsylvaiiia, to Florida, Mississijij)!, and (ace. to 
 Lus(|uereux) Arkansas; 11. Ajjril lo July. 
 
 P. Rugelii, SiUTTL. In technical characters very dose to tlie preceding: taller, a foot or 
 two in height: stems simple or with a few simple mostly erect branches: inflorescence ovoid 
 becoming oblong: flowers somewhat larger (wings becoming fully 2 lines in breadth), 
 lemou yellow, turning dark bluish green in drying: cre.st of the keel a little over half line 
 in length, the proccs.scs subfiliforni, often bifid : .seeds essentially a.s in the la.st. — Shuttl. in 
 Chapm. Bot. Gaz. iii. 4, & Fl. ed. 2, 613; Wheelock, L c. 114;' Chodat, 1. c. 198. P. /%- 
 noldscE, Chapm. Fl. ed. 2, 613. — Low ground, Florida; fl. May to September. 
 •H- ++ Racemes numerous and coryinbosely arranged in a terminal many-branched inflores- 
 cence : flowers small but showy. 
 
 = Basal leaves rosulate, elongated, attenuate; the cauline much reilncod. 
 
 P. Cymdsa, Walt. Root a fascicle of long slender fibres : .xtems single, erect, large, fista- 
 lose, 1 to 3 feet or more in height : radical leaves linear, attenuate, 3 to 6 inches long, yel- 
 lowish green : racemes at first dense l)ut soon somewhat lax : flowers rather small, yellow- 
 becoming greenish black in drying: wings abru))tly cuspidate from an obtu.xe or roumled 
 apex : seeds small, subglobose, acutish at the apex, glabrous ; caruncle obsolete. — Car. 
 179 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 128, 670 ; Chapm. Fl. 82 ; Wheelock, 1. c. 112 ; Chodat, 1. c. 201, 
 t. 23, f. 1-3. P. cori/7nbosa, Michx. Fl. ii. 54, in ])art. P. (jramlneifolia, Poir. Diet. v. 500. 
 P. atfemidta, Nutt. Gen. ii. 90. P. arulifolia, Torr. & Gray, i. 128. — ISIarshy jdnces and 
 margins of ponds in ])in(' barrens, &c., Dcliiware, Cfiiihi/, to Florida and Louisiana; fl. June 
 to September. 
 
 = = Stems leafy : radical leaves obtuse or obtusish. 
 
 P. ramosa, Ell. Fibrous-rooted annual, 8 to 15 inches in height: .stem not enlarged be- 
 low, in mo.st specimens equably leafy to the inflorescence: leaves half inch to inch and a 
 half in length; the cauline oblong, acute; radic;il s])atulate, obtuse: flowers slender-pedi- 
 celled, in size and arrangement much as in the last ])receding species, also yellow ami turn- 
 ing green or black in drying: wings more gradually acuminate: seed small, dark brown, 
 soft-pnberulent, and with a minute bifid terminal caruncle. — Sk. ii. 186; Cha]im. Fl. 82; 
 AVheelock, I.e. 112; Chodat, 1. c. 202, t. 23, f. 4, 5. P. ci/nwsa, Poir. Diet. v. .500, not 
 Walt. P. ronjmhosa, Nutt. Gen. ii.89; Torr. & Gray. Fl. i. 128; not Michx. — Sandy hills, 
 also low pine barrens, &c., with same range as the ]ireceding, but westward to Texjis, 
 I.rdvrntrorth, ace. to Wheelock, 1. c. 113; fl. niidsuininer. 
 
 P. Baldwini, Nrxx. Stature, habit, and foliage as in the preceding : stem strongly angled : 
 flowers somewhat larger (lanceolate acnininate wings 2 lines in length), white, short- 
 pedicelled or subsessile in dense corynibosely arranged heads, fnigrant. in typiciil form dry- 
 ing yellowish white. — Gen. ii. 90;"f11. Sk! ii. 187 (lialdnlni); Chod:it. 1. c! 203. t. 23. f. 6, 
 7. P. Bnldwiuii, Torr. & Gray. Fl. i. 128 ; Wheelock, 1. c. 113. — Moist sandy soil, in pine 
 barrens, &c., Georgia to S. Florida, westward to Mississippi, Tracij ; fl. midsummer. Var. 
 
460 rOLYGALACE^. Monnina. 
 
 CHLOR6GEyA, Torr. & Gray, I.e. 129 (where printed chlorgena), is a form in which the 
 flowers turn deep green in drying, but the other distinctions do not hold. 
 2. MONNINA, Ruiz & Pav. (/. Moiiino, Spanish nobleman and patron 
 of botany.) — Fl. Peruv. Syst. i. 1G9 ; IIBK. Nov. Gen. & Spec. v. 409, t. 501- 
 505; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3122; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 139; Baill. Hist. PL 
 V. 89 ; Chodat, Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. 243. Bebeandra, Bonpl. ace. to DC. 
 Prodr. i. 338. — A genus of tropical and subtropical America, ranging from 
 Mexico to Brazil and including some 70 species of herbs, shrubs, and even small 
 trees. Only one species, a smoothish annual, resembling a Polygala, reaches 
 our southwestern border. 
 
 M. Wrightii, Gray. Erect, slender, suhsimple or moderately branched, 10 inches to 2 
 feet in height : leaves subsessile, lanceolate, entire, cuneate at the base, the lower ones ob- 
 tusish at the apex, the upper ones narrower, lance-linear, long-attenuate : flowers in simple 
 terminal pedunculate spikes, crowded in bud, laxer in anthesis and somewhat scattered in 
 fruit, U lines long, greenish or cream-colored, becoming bluish with age: fruit deflexed, 
 suborbicular, puberulent, about 2 lines in diameter including the radiately nerved wing. — 
 PI. Wright, ii. 31 ; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 49. — Gravelly slopes and rocky hillsides. New 
 Mexico, near the copper mines, Wright, no. ^3%; S. Arizona, Ze/nmon, no. 499. (Chihuahua, 
 Pringle.) 
 
SUPPLEMENT TO VOL. L PART L 
 
 (Issued with Fascicle II.) 
 
 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 
 By B. L. Robinson. 
 
 Dfrexg the last year and a half much has been written relating to the 
 orders treated in Fascicle I. To subject this newly published but already 
 copious matter to the careful critique which it merits, and to incorporate 
 any great part of it in the present issue would considerably delay the 
 appearance of Fascicle II. On this account it seems Ijest merely to cor- 
 rect the evident errors in Fascicle I, which have come to the notice of 
 the editor, and to add only such supplementary matter as can be satis- 
 factorily presented without loss of time, judgment upon many of the 
 recently proposed species and varieties being necessarily deferred. 
 
 General Key to the Orders, page vii, under *, line 2, after " perigy- 
 nous in some Resedacece" add, many FicoidecB. 
 
 RANUNCULACEiE. 
 
 1. CLl&MATIS, L. 
 
 C. Virginiana, L-, p. 4. Add locality, N. E. Nebraska, Clements, a pubescent form. 
 
 C. Suksdorfii, Robinson, p. 4. Add lit. Card. & For. ix. 255, f. 36. 
 
 C. Viorna, L., p. 5. Extend range to Middle Georgia, ace. to Small. 
 
 C. Addisonii, Bkitton, p. 5. Add lit. Gard. & For. ix. .324. f. 4.3, and extend range to 
 Ciiniherlaiid Mts., Tennessee, ace. to Small. The form mentioned at tlie close «if the de- 
 .scriptioii is the " C. viornioides" of Britton (named in Mem. Torr. Clnl». ii. .30, and defended 
 by Small, Bull. Torr. Club, xxii. 473), confessedly a hybrid, never independently de.<!cribed, 
 nor subsequently included in Professor Britton's own list of species ( Mem. Torr. Club, v. 
 1.58). 
 
 C. Pitcheri, Torr. & Gray, p. 6. Add to range, Kansas, X»rlnn. For " Var. leio- 
 stylis" and "Var. lasiostylis," read, Var. leiost^lis and Var. lasiosty- 
 
 lis, and in note 2, p. 6, for " i>. corilalu " and " 6. crisfia," read, C. cordata and C. crisfxi, 
 respectively. 
 
462 SUPPLEMENT. 
 
 C. ochroleuca, Ait., p. 7. In line 5, for " about inch," read, 15 lines to 2 inches. 
 
 C. Douglasii, Hook., p. 8. Add syu. C Douglasii, var. Bigelovii, Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. 
 feci. ser. 2, v. 614, not C. Bigelovii, Torr. 
 
 Var. Scottii, Coulter. Add to range, Black Hills, S. Dakota, Rydberg, and Mon- 
 tana, ace. to Small. 
 
 C. verticillaris, T>C., p. 8. Range should be extended to Delaware, ace. to Canby, and 
 Soutlnvestern A'irginia, ace. to Small. 
 
 Var. Columbiana, Gkay. Add lit. Jones, 1. c. Professor Jones, wlio had indepen- 
 dently reached the same conclusion as Dr. Gray regarding this plant, .states that liis Coutrib. 
 to Western Hot. vii., although printed 3 October, 1895, was not distributed until after the 
 issue of Fascicle I of the present work. 
 
 C. alpina, var. tenuiloba, Gray (1895), p. 9. Later republished by Pydberg, Contrib. 
 U. S. Nat. Herb. iii. 479 (1896). Dr. Gray's name should stand as authority. 
 
 2. ANEMONE, Tourn. 
 
 § 1. Pulsatilla, Tourn., p. 9. Add lit. E. Iluth in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 582- 
 592. 
 
 PcLSATfLLA mtJlticeps, Greene, Erythea, i. 4, of N. Alaska (where coll. Turner), is known 
 to the editor only from the vague and unsatisfactory description. Asiatic species are to be 
 expected in the region and the dwarfed dimensions are very likely the result of the high 
 latitude. 
 
 A. Drummondii, Watson, p. lO. Very near this must stand (ex char, et icon.) the re- 
 cently proposed A. Cali/ornica, Eastwood, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, vi. 423. 
 
 A. Tetonensis, Porter, p. 10. Add lit. Jones, T'roc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 2, v. 615. 
 
 A. Canadensis, L., p. 12. Add locality, Kansas, Norton. 
 
 5. THALlCTRUM, Tourn. 
 
 T. Fendleri, var. platycarpum, Trelease, p. 16. Add syn. T. platijcarpum, Greene, 
 Pittonia, i. 166, not Hook. f. & Thoms. 
 
 T. OCCidentale, Gray, p. I6. Add locality, Wyoming, Nelson. 
 
 T. venulosum, Trelease, p. 16. T. campestre, Greene, Erythea, iv. 123, is said on excel- 
 lent authority to be a synonym. 
 
 T. pol^gamum, Muhl., p. 17. For " Var. macrostylum," read, Var. macrost^- 
 lum. Rngel's plant is probably the one mentioned in Bot. Zeit. iii. 218-219, as T. Conniti, 
 var. monostyla (clerical error ?). 
 
 T. coriaceum, Small, p. 17. Add locality, Cumberland Mts., Tennessee, ace. to Small. 
 8. MYOStTRUS, Dill. 
 
 M. apetalus, Gay, p. 19. Add locality, Assiniboia, M^acoun. 
 
 M. minimus, L., p. 19. Extends to S. E. Virginia, ace. to Small ; also northward to As- 
 siniboia, Macoun. 
 
 9. RANtTNCULUS, Tourn. 
 R. hystriculus, Gray, p. 22. Extend range to Portland, Oregon, Miss Cummings. 
 R. Andersonii, Gray, p. 22. Strike out reference to var. tenellus, and at do.se of descrip- 
 tion add 
 
KANLNCLLACE.E. 403 
 
 R. juniperinus, Jones. Nearly related to and with much the habit of R. Andmonii : 
 .stem lalkr aiul more sleuder, commonly branched, bearing one leaf and mostly 2 Howern : 
 leaves more finely dissected : petals internally wiiite, but becoming at Iciwt externally rose- 
 purple : akenes fiat, not inflated, 1 to I J lines in length, heuce much smaller than in R. 
 Andersonii. — I'roc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. li, v. GIG. R. Andersonii, var. tenellwi, Wats. 
 Bot. King E.\p. 7, t. 1, f. 8-10. — Kocky .soil, coniferous wo<jds, Utah, Watson, Parry, Joht- 
 son, Jones. Good fruit-characters separate this from the preceding. 
 
 R. Cymbalaria, I'lksh, ji. 23. On hust line of page, strike out " eil. :i," and for " 173," 
 
 read, 2(;."). 
 
 R. alismaefolius, var. alismellus, Gray, p. 27. The extreme form of this plant with 
 broad and even coniate leaves, the A*. Populago of Greene has been redescril>ed as A'. 
 Cnsirkii by Jones, I'roc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, v. 615. Althougii it may well be worthy 
 varietal rank, it lacks constant or satisfactory characters for specific separation. 
 
 R. Lemmoni, Gkay, p. 28. This rare species has recently been rediscovered near Truckee, 
 Califoriiia, t)y C. F. Sonne. 
 
 R. glaberrimus, Hook., p. 28. Add syu. R. glaberrimus, var. eilii>ticus, Greene, Fl. 
 Kiaiicis. 298, a I'orin again raised to specific rank by Greene, I'ittonia, iii. 92. 
 
 R. Allegheniensis, Buitton, p. 32. Specimens of this interesting and geographically dis- 
 severed species have been collected on Mt. Monotuck, Easthampton, Ma.s.sachusetts, Purdie, 
 and in the Adirondack Mts., ace. to Britton. 
 
 R. recurvatus, Poir., p. 33. Occurs as far west as Montana, ace. to Small. 
 
 R. fascicularis, Mlhl., p. 37. For "E. New England and Texas," read, E. New Eng- 
 land to Texas. 
 
 13 a. ErAnthis hyemAlis, L., p. 42. In line 3 of descr., for " relict," read, relic. 
 
 14. AQUILfiGIA, Tourn. The etymology of the generic name is at 
 best doubtful. 
 
 A. brevistyla, Hook., p. 43. Add lit. Rydberg, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. iii. 481, t. 18. 
 A. saximontana, P. A. Rydberg, p. 43. Add lit. Rydberg, 1. c. 482, t. 19. Perhaps too 
 
 nearly related is the recently proposed A. Laramiensis, A. Nelson, Wyoming Exper. Sta. 
 
 Bull, xxviii. 78. 
 
 A. Jonesii, Parry, p. 43. Add lit. Gard. & For. ix. 365, f. 48. For " Maria Pa.ss," read 
 ( tld Marias Pass. Specimens with taller bibracteate scape and larger leaflets yet probably 
 of tills species have been collected on Sheep Mt., S. Brit. America, by Afacoiin. 
 
 A. Caenilea, James, p. 44. The following varieties have recently been proposed. 
 
 Var. alpina, A. Nelson, 1. c. Flowers smaller, yellow, with short spurs; upper 
 leaflets entire. — Alpine region. Union Peak, Wyoming, Xe/son. Profes.sor M. E.Jones 
 suggests tliat tliis may well be a hybrid of .1. crfriilea and A.flavesrens. 
 
 Var. calcarea, Jones. Glandular-pubescent : leaves reduced ; leaflets small, thick, 
 firm in texture, closely approximated or imbricated by 3's : flowers half to two thirds as 
 large as in tlie typical form: sepals blue-purple : petals ro.seate. — Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 
 ser. 2, V. 619. — Barren soil, Utah, Kanab, Mrs. Thompson, Cannonville, Jones. Well 
 marked. 
 
 15. DELPHINIUM, Tourn. 
 
 D. Andersonii, Gray, p. 48. For "very glabrous," read, nearly glabrous. 
 In note 1, p. 40, for " />. Blorl-mamr ," read, D. Blorhmanw. 
 
 D. recurvatum, and D. Emilise, Grkene, p. 51. From authenticated specimens 
 (nained, it is .said, l)y Professor Greene himself) these species seem referable to D. hes- 
 perinin and D. variegatnm respectively. 
 
464 SUPPLEMENT. 
 
 MAGNOLIACE^. 
 
 3. MAGNOLIA, (Plum.) L. 
 
 M. glaiica, L., p. 60, uote 3. Accordiug to iufornuvtion furnished by J. W. Congdon, the 
 Hliode Ijilaud specimen mentioned was probably taken from a cultivated plant. The only 
 known indigenous occurrence northeast of Long Island is at Magnolia, Massachusetts, 
 where the species (unfortunately much sought and frequently transplanted for cultivation) 
 is now very rare in a natural state. 
 
 M. Umbrella, Desk., p. 60. Dr. Small reports the recent discovery of this species on 
 Stone Mountain, N. Georgia. 
 
 TiS.. acuminata, L., p. 61. In the synonymy, for " J/, Vir rjini a, " lend, M. Virginiana. 
 
 ANONACEiE. 
 
 2. ASlMINA, Adans. Add lit. Nash, Bull. Torr. Club, xxiii. 234-242. 
 
 A. triloba, Dcnal, p. 63. Extend range to Kansas, Hitchcock ; also to New Jersey and 
 Nebraska, ace. to Small. 
 After -1- -»-, the species may be revised as follows : — 
 
 A. speciosa, Nash, 1. c. 238. Shrub 2 to 5 feet high : branchlets and spatulate-oblong 
 leaves (3 to 6 inches in length) covered with dense pale or tawny tomentum, which at 
 length becomes thin but does not fully disappear even in age : peduncles 4 to 8 lines long, 
 racemose upon the wood of the previous year: petals very dissimilar, the outer strongly 
 accrescent, ovate-oblong to obovate, becoming 2 inches in length, fully three times as long 
 as the inner. — ^. (/randZ/Zora, Gray, Bot. Gaz. xi. 163, in great part, not Dunal. Uvaria 
 obovata, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 45, in part. — Sandy soil, S. E. Georgia, 5»(o//, ace. to Nash, and 
 E. Florida, Leavenworth, Canby, Donnell- Smith, Curtiss, Miss Pierce. 
 
 A. reticulata, Chapm. This name published with description by Chapman, Fl. ed. 2, 603 
 (1884), should, as it appears, be reinstated for the species which Dr. Gray later called 
 A. cuneala, Shuttl. (Bot. Gaz. xi. 163, 1886). While unfortunate that the A. reticulata, 
 " Shuttl." of Chapman is not the A. reticulata of Shuttl. in herb., the latter was merely a 
 manuscript name until after the former had been duly described and published. 
 * * Flowers terminal or solitary in the axils of extant subcoriaceous and reticulate-veiny 
 
 subse-ssile leaves, produced in spring and early summer. 
 ••- Outer petals, at least when young, ovate, more or less strongly dissimilar to the inner. 
 
 A. grandiflora, Dunal. Shrub 3 to 6 feet high : branchlets, peduncles, calyx, and lower 
 surface of the short and rather broad ovate-oblong to obovate firm leaves rufous-pubescent : 
 flowers large, nearly sessile at the ends of short branches: outer petals cream-colored, 
 becoming obovate and 2^ inches long. — Monogr. Anon. 84, t. 11 ; Gray, Bot. Gaz. xi. 163, 
 in part. A. ohnmia, Nash, 1. c. 239. Ano7ia grandi flora, Bartr. Trav. (Am. ed.) t. 2. An- 
 nona obovata, Willd. Spec. ii. 1269. Uvaria ohomta, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 45, in part. From 
 their rufous pubescence Orchidocarpum grandiflorum, Miciix. Fl. i. 330, and hence Porcelia 
 grandl flora, Pers., may have been of this species rather than of A. speciosa, as suggested by 
 Nash. — Pine barrens, Florida, Palmer, Nash, Straub. 
 
 A. angustifolia, Gray, p. 64. Amply characterized. Extends, ace. to Small, as far 
 north as Middle Georgia. 
 
 A. pygmsea, Dinal, p. 64. Tn line 2, strike out " oblong," and substitute, oblanceolate. 
 In the synonymv .strike out references to the now clearly distinct A. reticulata, Shuttl. (not 
 Chapm.), for which see below. 
 
NVMl'H.EACE.E. 465 
 
 H K- IVt.iIs all oMong, short, narrow, and very similar. 
 
 A . Rugelii, KdiiiNsox, 11. s|). l.,i)\v undershrub with flexuouH red ferrugiiie<»u.stoiiieiituIiise 
 .sKmu.s; early glahrate reticulate-veiny cliartaceo-coriaceous leaves (iiiili t<» im li and a half 
 ill k'Mi^tli, half inili in breadth) tyjiirally oblong, rounded at the ape.x, abru|itly cuntraitcd 
 at the siibpetiolato b;use : flowers very small, short-pcdicellfd : jjctals until their fall nut over 
 3 or 4 lines in length, thick, subsiinilar : carpeis only 2 <ir .'{, pubescent when yuiig ; 
 ovules about 7. — .1. reticulalu, Sliuttl. in distr. pi. Uugel, not of Cliapin., nor A. i>i/'jm<ia,U) 
 which reduced by Gray. — In pine woods, near Smyrna, Florida, Rut/el, no. 9, May, I84H. 
 With habit of A. pi/giiura, l)ut differing in its shorter typically oblong not cuncatc leaves, 
 smaller flowers, and thick oblong petals. 
 
 MENISPERMACE^. 
 
 2. MENISPfiRMUM, Tourn. 
 
 M. Canadense, !>., p- GG. Extend range west to Kansa-s, Shear, Hitchcock, and Xebra.ska, 
 ace. to Small. 
 
 BERBERIDACE^E. 
 
 1. BERBERIS, p. 66. In generic character for "bracts," read, bractlets. 
 
 1. B]£RBERIS, Tourn. 
 
 B. Nevinii, Gray, p. 69. Add. lit. Gard. & For. ix. 41.5, f. 54. 
 
 B. pinnata, Lag., p. 69. It is probable that the type of this species was commnnicated 
 rather than collected by Nee, whose voyage of exploration does not appear to have ex- 
 tcMidcd t(j California. 
 
 B. Aquifolium, Pursh, p. 69. Ranges eastward to Waterton Lake, Alberta, Mncmn. 
 
 B. repens, Lindi.., p. 69. Extends eastward to Alberta, Maconn, and the Black Hills. 
 Ri/dberij. Note 1, on p. 70, should apjily not to this species but to B. A'/uifh/iuni. I'ursb, on 
 the preceding page. These species have been the subject of much misunderstanding and 
 several contradictory statements. It is probable that both were collected by Lewis & 
 Clarke, and that both send out procumbent sarmentose branches. I'ursh descril)es his 
 species as having shining leaves and one of Lewis's specimens, now in herb. Acail. Philad., 
 shows this character. On the other hand, Lindley states that B. rfjiftis has leaves glaucous 
 upon each side, so that there seems no good reason to change the general interpretation on 
 pages 69 and 70. To B. repens, as there interpreted, B. nana, Greene, I'ittonia, iii. 98, 
 should be added as a synonym. 
 
 B. nervosa, Pursh, p. 70. Extends ea.stward to Latah Co., Idaho, Sandberg. The time 
 of fruiting extends from May to September. 
 
 NYMPH^ACE^. 
 
 4. NYMPHS A. Tourn. 
 
 N. elegans, ITook., p. 7.5. In second line of synonymy, for " must be ,V. ^fe.ricana, Zncc," 
 
 sulistitiitc. is probaldy N./Iara, Leitner. 
 N. reniformis, DC, p. 76. Abundant near Delaware City, Del., Commons. 
 
 5. NtrPHAR, Smith. 
 N. advena, Ait. f., p. 77. Typical specimens with the medium-sized flowers and yellow 
 anthers of this species have been found at Stockton, California, Je/ison. 
 
 30 
 
466 SUPPLEMENT. 
 
 SARRACENIACE^. 
 
 2. DARLINGT6NIA, To 
 
 rr. 
 
 D. Californica, Torr., p. 81. Add. syn. Chrysamphora Californica, Greene, Pittonia, 
 ii. I'Jl. 
 
 PAPAVERACE^. 
 
 8. ARGEMONE, Tourn. Add lit. Prain, Jour. Bot. xxxiii. 207-200, 
 307-312, 325-333, 363-371 ; Eastwood, Erythea, iv. 93-96. In the light of 
 Pram's admirable revision, our species may be treated as follows : — 
 
 # Flowers orange, yellow, or at least ochroleucous, mostly small for the genus. 
 
 A. MexicIna, L. Moderately prickly upon stem, sepals, cap.sules, as well as margins and 
 midribs of otherwise smooth and glaucescent coarsely sinuate-pinnatifid leaves : flowers sub- 
 sessile or short-peduuded : petals obovate, orange-colored or more commonly lemon-yellow, 
 an inch or less in length : stigma sessile. — Spec. i. 508 ; Prain, 1. c. 308, where coj)ious synon- 
 ymy is duly cited. — Common in waste places especially in the Atlantic and Gulf States. 
 (Introd. from Mex., W. Ind., S. Am., and extensively nat. in warmer parts of Old 
 Worhl.) 
 
 Var. ochroleuca, Lindl. Petals ochroleucous: style evident. — Bot. Eeg. t. 1343; 
 Prain, 1. c. 310. .4. ochroleuca, Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. iii. t. 242. — Texas, where indigenous, 
 and occasional in waste places in Middle Atlantic States, where (like typical form) introd. 
 (Mex.) 
 
 * * Flowers white or roseate, mostly larger, 
 -t— Flowers more or less peduncled ; the bracts scattered upon the branches. 
 
 A. alba, Lestib. Foliage much as in the last but less deeply sinuate and with more 
 numerous spine-tipped teeth : petals oblong, cuneate at the base : capsule armed with rather 
 numerous ascending or incurved spines. — Bot. Belg. ed. 2, iii. pt. 2, 133; Prain, 1. c. 329. 
 — S. Carolina, M. A. Curtis, to Florida, Buckley, Nash, westward to Texas, Drummond, ace. 
 to Prain. (A variety in Sandwich Ids. and Polynesia.) 
 
 H- ^_ Flowers sessile or subsessile, the more or less closely subtending foliaceous bracts 
 being grouped toward the ends of the floriferous branches. 
 
 A. intermedia, Sweet. Stout, very glaucous, moderately prickly with scattered stramine- 
 ous spines, otherwise smooth and without any minute setulous hispidity : leaves Sonc/i^.s- 
 like, rppand-toothed to .sinuate-pinnatifid: flowers large: petals white or roseate: sepals 
 onlv sparselv spiny, and with horns usually quite unarmed and not even hispid : valves of tlie 
 capsule not firm nor thickened and only moderately spiny. — Hort. Brit. ed. 2, 58.5 ; Prain, 
 1. c. 363, with copious synonymy. A. niha, James in Long, Exp. Am. ed. i. 461 ; Pobin.son, 
 Syn. Fl. i. pt. 1, 88, iii part; "not Lestib. A. platj/ceras, at least in part, of many Am. 
 aiitliors. — Kansas and Nebraska to Idaho, Miss Mulford, and southward to Texas and 
 Mexico. 
 
 Var. corymbosa, A. Eastwood. Leaves obovate, subentire, or repand-toothed : 
 flowers somewhat regularly corymbous : petals small. — Erythea, iv. 96. A. corymbosa, 
 Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. ii." 59. — Mohave Desert, Mrs. Curran. 
 
 A. plat:^ceras, Link & Otto. More den.sely prickly, glaucescent : leaves sinuate-pinna- 
 tifid : triangular-lanceolate horns of sepals armed at least dor.sally with spines and setx : 
 petals obovate to reversed-deltoid with truncate summit: capsule-valves of firm texture, 
 very densely appressed-spiny, at length more or less indurated. — Ic. Bar. i. 85, t. 43 ; Prain, 
 1. c. 366, with synonymy. — Texas to S. California. (Mex.) 
 
 Var. hispida, Pkain, 1. c. 367. Whole plant densely setulous-hispid as well as armed 
 with stouter stramineous spines : petals obovate with rounded summit. — A. hispida, Gray, 
 
CKICIFKK.E. 4G7 
 
 PI. Fendl. 5, in part. A. munila, Duraud & Ililg. Jour. Acad. Philad. Bcr. 2, iii. 37, i I'luif. 
 R. Hep. V. 5, t. 1. — From Kansas, Hilclicock-, Colorado, aud Now Mexico to E. California. 
 
 14. ESCHSCHOLTZIA, (Ikiiii. Although the treatment of tilis genus 
 on {Kiges 'JU-'J2 is essentially un.sati,-,ta(lury, and material at hand shows that 
 several of the species rest upon untrustworthy characters, yet no successful revis- 
 ion can be made without prolonged field study. Unfortunately, nearly all the 
 more recent species have been made without any recognition of the inhirent 
 variability of the plants in question, or, what is still more delusive, the changes 
 which individuals undergo as the season progresses. It is allirmed by the more 
 cautious California botanists, who have tiiken no part in the discussions relative 
 to this genus, that plants which early in the season bear large aud deeply colored 
 flowers are apt later to produce small and paler ones. Size and color of the 
 flowers are, therefore, not to be lightly used as specific distinctions. It is to be 
 feared, also, that undue importance has been ascribed to the dilated rim of the 
 torus, which in some cases is variable in otherwise similar plants. 
 
 FUMARIACEiE. 
 
 2. DICifiNTRA, Borkh., Bernh. 
 D. pauciflora, Watson, p. 94. Add syn. Capnorchis paucijiora, Greene, Fl. Francis. 279. 
 D. Canadensis, DC, p. 94. Extend range westward to Nebraska, ace. to Webber. 
 
 In note 1, ]). 94, strike out "& Capnodes," also "280." 
 D. OChroleUCa, Engelm., p. 96. Add syn. Capnorchis ochroleuca, Greene, 1. c. 
 
 3. COR^DALIS, Vent. 
 
 C. Caseana, Gray, p. 96. Add syn. Capnodes Caseanum, & C. Bidwellianum, Greene, 1. c. 
 280. 
 
 CRUCIFER^. 
 
 1. DRAB A, Dill. 
 § 3. Drabella, DC, p. 106. In key under *, after ''southern," insert, ex- 
 cept the first species. 
 
 D. crassifolia, Gkaham, p. 108. Add locality, La Plata Mines, Wyoming, Nelson. 
 
 D. nivalis, var. elongata, Watson, p. 109. For "Upper Maria's Pass," read, old 
 
 Marias I'ass. 
 D. aureola, Watson, p. 110. Add locality, Mt. Rainier, Washington, at 10,000 feet. Piper 
 
 & Smith. 
 D. COrrugata, Watson, p. 110. Add locality, Mt. San Jacinto, California, at 11,0(X) feet, 
 
 Ikividsan. 
 D. incana, var. ardbisans, Watson, p. ill. Southward to Moosehcid Lake, Mt. 
 
 Kineo, Maine, Koimdi/, and in Vermont to Mt. Eolus, Dorset, ^frs. Terry. 
 D. Breweri, Watson, p. 111. Add locality, Mt. Warren, Tuolumne Co., California, 
 
 Congdon. 
 
468 SUPPLEMENT. 
 
 D. borealis, DC, p. ill. lu line 2 of descr., after "oblong-ovate," insert: flowers usually- 
 large ; pods broad, ovate to oblong-ovate. 
 
 3. THYSANOCARPUS, Hook. Of this genus three species have been 
 recently {)roi)u.scd as new by Professor Greene, Pittonia, iii. 86, 87. 
 T. laciniatus, Nutt., p. lU. In line 5 of descr., for "4 to 8 lines," read, 4 to 8 iuches. 
 
 4. BERTEROA, DC. 
 
 B. INCAXA, DC p. 114. Add syn. Fametia imynut [K. Br. in] Ait. f. Kew. ed. 2, iv. 97. 
 Extend range to Connecticut, where coll. at E. Wind.sor by C //. Bisse/l. This species has 
 miuutely stellate-canesceut elliptic-oblong capsules 3 to 5 lines in length, while in B. viuta- 
 bilis the fruit is broader, oval, and glabrous or nearly so. 
 
 8. PHYSARIA, Gray. 
 P. didymocarpa, Gray, p. 121. Eastward to Nebraska, Rijdherg, ace. to Webber. 
 P. Newberryi, Gray, p. 121. Add syn. P. did,/mocarpa, var. Newberryi, Jones, Proc. 
 Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, v. 624, at least as to syn. cited. 
 
 13. LEPlDIUM, Tourn. 
 
 L. Menziesii, DC, p. 127. Add locality. Waterman Hot Spring, near San Bernardino, 
 
 California, Parish. 
 
 L. mediiun, Greene, p. 127. This species appears to be introduced in the neighborhood 
 of New York City, where detected by E. P. Bicknell. After the description of var. 
 pubescens, Robinson, insert, 
 
 = = Petals obsolete or none. 
 
 L. Strictum, Rattan, p. 129. Extend range northward to Victoria, Brit. Columbia, 
 Macoun. 
 
 15. SUBULARIA, L. 
 
 S. aquatica, L., p. 1.30. Add localities, Mt. Desert Isl., Maine, Faxon & Rand, Marlboro, 
 Vermont, Grout & Eggleston, Whatcom Lake, Washington, Sulcsdorf. 
 
 17. CAMl&LINA, Crantz. After a sa^u-a, add, 
 
 C. STLvtsTRis, Wallr. More slender: inflorescences more elongated but pedicels mo.stly 
 shorter: fruit smaller, less turgid, more decidedly margined. — Sched. Crit. 347. C. micro- 
 carpa, Andrz. in DC. Syst. ii. 517. — Less frequent, yet widely introduced, Rhode Lsland, 
 J. F. Collins, Kansas, Norton, Washington State, Sulcsdorf. Perhaps only a variety of 
 C. sativa. 
 
 20. RAPHANUS, L. 
 
 R. RAPHANfsTRUM, L., p. 132. Strike out, "the more or less ribbed or corrugated segments," 
 and substitute, segments in dried specimens more or less ribbed or corrugated. 
 
 21. BRASSICA, Tourn. Add lit. Robinson, Bot. Gaz. xxii. 252, 253. 
 
 B. SiNApfsTRCM, Boiss., p. 133. From the descr. strike out, "The form which is naturalized 
 in America has glabrous pods, while in the Old World they are quite as often hispid." To 
 tlie descr. add : — stem not glaucous : upper leaves rhombic-ovate, rather abruptly contracted 
 at the base : fruiting pedicels short and tliick, 2 or 3 lines long, often hispid : fruit usually 
 glabrous, more rarely In'spid; beak decidedly ancipital, commonly containing a single seed 
 in an indehiscent cell. 
 
CUUCIKKILE. 4G'J 
 
 B. JtJNCEA, Coss., p. 134. Taller than the preceding, decidedly glaucous : upper leaven ol>- 
 loug, cuneate at tiie base : fruiting ptilicLls Hlender, 3 to 5 lint-rt in kngih : fruit with 
 slender tuuiial seedless beak. — Alreaily widely introduced, Nviili and ea«tsv:ird even more 
 common than tiie preceding. ..Several nearly related and .somewhat inconsUnt fonm* with 
 more cleft or even cri.-iped foliage liave been noted at various points in the KasU-TU SUleH 
 from Maine (Bir/cufll, Miss Furbish) soutiiward. and prol)ably represent e»ca|>ed and de- 
 generated states of a cultivated salad plant, doubtfully identifiable with li. Vu/miira, Siebold. 
 (See Bailey, Coruell Univ. Agric. Kxper. Sta. Hull. 07, lt*4.) 
 
 All reference to B. adpressa, Hoiss., j). i;34, sliould bo struck out, the Sau Beruardino 
 l)lant, referred to tliis species, having proved to be immature .■Sisymbrium uJJiciuaU, Scop. 
 
 23. CONRlNGIA, Heist. 
 
 C. I'KRFOLiiTA, Link, p. 134. Add locality, Farmiiiglon, Maine, C. //. KwjwUon. 
 
 26. SMELOWSKIA, C. A. Meyer. 
 
 S. calycina, C. A. Mevek, p. 136. From de.scr. of fruit strike out parenthetical expres- 
 sion, and after descr. add 
 
 S. OValis, Jones. With habit of the preceding Ijut mostly lower in stature an.l more 
 dcn.-iely cinereous-pube.scent : capsule short, ovate, al)ruiit or even subcor.late at the base. — 
 I'roc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, v. 624. — Higher peaks of the Cascade Mts., from Mt. Uai- 
 nier, Alltn, to Lassen's I'eak, California, Lemi 
 
 imon. 
 
 27. SISYMBRIUM, Tourn. 
 
 S. Ai-rfssiMUM, L., p. 137. Alrea<ly a common weed of waste and cultivated ground, espe- 
 cially in the Northern States and Southern Brit. America. 
 
 S. linifolium, Nutt., p. 138. Add syn. Erysimum lini/olium, Jones, 1. c. 622, & Schnno- 
 cniinhe linifolia, Greeue, Pittouia, iii. 127. 
 
 S. virgatum, Nl-tt., p. 138. Add syn. Stenophragma virgatum, Greene, Pittonia. iii. 138. 
 
 S. S6PHIA, L., p. 139. In line 1 of descr. strike out "of tlie preceding," and substitute, of 
 S. canescens. 
 
 S. incisum, Knuelm., p. 139. 
 
 Var. Hartwegianum, Watson. Extend range eastward to Minncs(na, where coll. 
 by ('. li. Tnylnr. 
 
 Var. Sonnei, Robinson, p. 140. Add .syn. Sophia Sonnei, Greeue, 1. c. 95. 
 
 29. TROPIDOCARPUM, Hook. Add. lit. Greene, Proc. Acad. Pliilad. 
 1895, 051-554; Robinson, Erythea, iv. 109-119, t. 3. 
 
 30. GREGGIA, Gray. 
 
 G. camporum, var. angustifolia, Coulter, p. 142. Add .syn. C. camporum, var. 
 linearifolia, Jones, I'roc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, v. 625. 
 
 32. ER"^SIMUM, Tourn. ]\[ost of tlie American species of this <;«'nu.s 
 liave recently been enumerated (with much sulxli vision) by Professor Greene, 
 Pittonia, iii. 128-138, under Cheirantfius. For the considerable synonymy, cre- 
 ated by this (to most botanists wholly unwarranted) change, reference may be 
 had to the paper cited above. 
 E. parviflorum, Nutt., p. 143. Add syn. E. tis})erum, var. jtarnjjorum, Jones. 1. o. 622, 
 
 and extend range eaiitward to Keweenaw Peninsula, N. Michigan, ou authority of Wlieeler. 
 
470 SUPPLEMENT. 
 
 34. NASTtJRTIUM, L., R. Br. 
 
 N. lacustre, Gray, p. 146. Add syu. Neobeckia aquatica, Greene, I'ittonia, iii. 95. 
 N. SYLVESTRE, K. Br., p. 147. Becoming frequent in various parts of New England. 
 N. Sinuatum, Nl it., p. 147. Add syn. Roripa trachycarpa, Greene, 1. c. 96. 
 N. CUrvisiliqua, Nutt., p. 148. Add syn. Roripa occidental is, Greene, 1. c. 97. 
 N. obtusum, var. sphaerocarpum, Watson, p. 148. Strike out' " n. var.," and as 
 reference add, Wats, in Allen, List PI. Gray's Man. 123 (1893). 
 
 N. tanacetifolium, Hook. & Arn., p. 148. Add syn. Roripa Walteri, Mohr, Bull. Torr. 
 Club, xxiv. 23. 
 
 N. sessiliflormn, Nutt., p. 149. Add locality, Iowa City, Iowa, Hitchcock. 
 
 42. DENTARIA, Tourn. Add lit. Greene, Pittonia, iii. 117-124, where 
 species of this gcims and Cardamine are redistributed. 
 D. cardiophylla, Robinson, p. 155. Strike out last sentence. 
 
 43. CARDAMINE, Tourn. 
 
 C. rhomboidea, DC, p. 156. In range, for "common in," substitute, common from E. 
 New England to. 
 
 44. ARABIS, L. 
 
 A. filifolia, Greene, p. 159. Add syn. Sibara JiUfolia, Greene, Pittonia, iii. 11. 
 
 A. hirsuta, Scop., p. 162. A rare and exceptional form from Sunderland, Massachusetts, 
 
 coll. Churchill & Deane, has spreading capsules. 
 A. Holbdellii, IIornem., p. 164. Eastward to Thunder Bay, Michigan, Wheeler. 
 A. SUflrutescens, Watson, p. 166. Southward to Truckee, California, Sonne. 
 A. Ho-wellii, Watson, p. 167. Add locality, Mariposa Co., California, Congdon. 
 A. piilchra, Jones, p. 167. Eastward to Grand Junction, Colorado, Miss Eastwood. 
 
 45. STREPTANTHUS, Nutt. The treatment of this genus on pages 
 167-171, lacking the last touches of its author, contains several serious errors in 
 the arrangement and keys, due in considerable part to imperfect editing. In the 
 light of much more copious material now at hand, the following rearrangement 
 may be offered as a substitute. 
 
 § 1. EustreptXnthus, Gray. Flowers large: petals with broad blades; 
 filaments distinct : pods erect or ascending : glabrous annuals : species of the 
 interior. 
 
 * Pedicels conspicuously bracteate : pods narrow. 
 S. bracteatus, Gray, p. les. 
 
 * * Floral bracts minute or none. 
 S. maculatus, Nutt., p. 168. 
 S. platy carpus, Gray, p. 168. 
 
 § 2. EuCLisiA, Nutt. Petals narrow (the blade scarcely broader than the 
 claw), usually undulate-crisped. 
 
 * Filaments all free to the base, 
 •t— Stem and leaves (sometimes ciliate on the margin but otherwise) glabrous and often 
 glaucous. 
 
CRUCIFEILE. 471 
 
 ++ Flowers rather large : sepals 3 to 6 lines in length : plant stoat. 
 
 = Stem leaves sessile by cordate- or auriculate-clasping liiises. 
 
 a. Capsules broad, erect or nearly so ; seeds broadly winged. 
 
 1. Leaves (at least the lower) runciuate-piuuatifid : Southern. 
 
 S. carinatus, Wukjht, p. ig9. 
 
 2. Leaves entire or merely dentate. 
 S. Arizonicus, Watson, p. 169. 
 S. cordatus, Nutt., p. 169. 
 
 b. Pods much narrower, J to Ij lines in breadth; seeds slightly wing-margined or wingless : 
 leaves cordate-clasping. 
 
 S. campestris, Wat.son, p. 169. Upper leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute. 
 S. barbatus, Watson, p. 169. Upper leaves elliptical, oval, or suborbicular, obtuse. — To 
 tliis species is doubtfully referred a specimen from Sliasta Co., Calif(jrnia, coll. Whitmore. 
 = = Stem leaves cuneate to petiolate e.xauriculate bases : capsules narrow, erect or nearly 
 so : species of Oregon. 
 S. Howellii, Watson, p. 170. 
 
 ++ ++ Flowers smaller: sepals li to 2i lines long: plants more slender: capsules narrow, 
 mostly reflexed or ]jendulous at maturity. 
 
 = Floral leaves elliptical or ovate, deeply cordate and ample.\icaul. 
 S. Lemmoni, Watson, p. 169. 
 S. diversifolius, Watson, p. 168. 
 
 = == Loaves all oblong to linear, narrowed and not auricled at the base : annual. 
 S. longirostris, Watson, p. 170. 
 
 -)— -t— Stem and leaves hirsute-pubescent : annual with narrow refle.\ed pods. 
 S. heterophyilus, Nutt., p. 169. 
 
 * * Filaments of one or both pairs of longer stamens connate (except in S. torlnosus, S. 
 07-bicul(itiis, & S. suffrutescens, where sometimes all distinct) : capsules rather narrow : 
 flowers often more or less zygomorphous : upper pair of anthers fre(iuently reduced or 
 sterile. 
 -4— Sepals subequal: flowers dark purple or ^^olet. all four longer filaments connate in 
 pairs : leaves linear-oblong, cuneate or subample.xicaul at the base : slender erect annual 
 of Texas and Indian Territory. 
 S. hyacinthoides, Hook., p. 170. Stem either quite glabrous or more often hispid-pubes- 
 cent near the base. 
 
 -t— -»— Sepals of the outer pair similar to each other, often more or less strongly saccate or 
 carinate, yet not very dissimilar to the inner pair : species of the Pacific Slope. 
 = Stem and foliage more or less hispid-pubescent or hirsute. 
 a. Calyx quite glabrous, rather broad and saccate : leaves lanceolate to narrowly oblong, 
 more or less sagittate-auriculate at the base. 
 S. glandulosus, Hook., p. 171. A common and .><omewhat variable species (ranging from 
 the San Hernardino Mts., W. G. Wright, northward to S. Oregon), of which the following 
 are certainly only forms: S. perannrniis, Greene, Bull. Torr. Club, xiii. 142; >'. nlbiilus, 
 Greene, Pittonia, i. 62 ; and S. Diolettil, Greene, 1. c. ii. 225. The following, not seen by the 
 writer, would also seem to be nearly related : S. Mii.prkd.k, Greene, Fl. Francis. 260, differ- 
 ing chiefly, as to described character, in its smaller very dark-coli)red flowers; and S. 
 VERsfcoLOR, Greene, P>ythea, iii. 99, with flowers .said to be more irregular tliaii in the 
 related forms, the petals " white, changing to lilac-purple, very une(iual." 
 6. C.ilyx narrower: sepals hispid-ciliate upon the midnerve : leaves lanceolate or oldting. 
 acute, coarsely toothed, sagittate-auriculate at the base. 
 
472 SUPPLEMENT. 
 
 S. secundus, Greene, p. 171. Add localities, Marin Co., California, Conr/don, Miss East- 
 wood, and Mendocino Co., Miss Eastwood. The type is pale-Howered, but 5. pulchellits, 
 Greene, I'ittonia, ii. 225, scarcely differs except in its more deeply colored Howers. 
 c. Calyx narrow : sepals hirsute : leaves obovate, coarsely toothed at the rounded summit, 
 cuneate to a narrow slightly auriculate base. 
 S. hispidus, Gkay, p. in. Add locality, Fresno Co., California, Brandeyee, Miss Eastwood. 
 = = Stem and foliage glabrous. 
 
 a. Upper cauline and floral leaves lance-linear to oblong-linear, acute or attenuate at tlie 
 apex, cordate or auriculate at the base. 
 
 1. Flowers (very dark purple or almost black) on long slender pedicels (lialf inch in 
 length). 
 
 S. niger, Greene, p. 170. 
 
 2. Flowers subsessile : leaves all narrow, linear. 
 
 S. barbiger, Greene, p. 170. Seeds often, perhaps always, wingless. 
 
 3. Flowers very short-pedicelled : middle cauline leaves large, broad, ovate, amplexicaul, 
 obtuse ; upper narrow and acute. 
 
 S. Breweri, Gray, p. 170. Add localities. Snow Mt., Lake Co., California, Mrs. Brandegee, 
 and Mt. llepsidom, San Benito Co., Miss Eastwood. 
 
 b. Upper cauline and floral leaves acutish, elliptic-oval or elliptic-lanceolate: cordate- 
 clasping at the base. 
 
 S. hesperidis, Jepson. Low slender tortuous-branched annual: lower leaves unknown; 
 the upper entire or sparingly toothed, acutely narrowed to a rounded cartilaginous-thick- 
 ened tip at the apex : flowers small and rather numerous, subsessile in slender flexuous 
 terminal racemes : calyx green, flask-shaped : narrow apparently white petals exserted and 
 recurved : posterior pair of longer filaments connate nearly to the summit, elongated, much 
 exserted and conspicuously recurved, purple : capsules narrow, ascending or falcate-spread- 
 ing, 2 inches in length; seeds scarcely or not at all winged. — Erythea, i. 14. Bv error 
 accredited to Bioletti on page 170 of present work. — Knoxville Grade to Lower Lake in 
 region of Clear Lake, California, Jepson, July, 1892. Near S. Breweri and S. tortuosus, but 
 probably distinct. 
 
 c. Upper cauline and floral leaves oval to orbicular, not at all narrowed to the verv obtuse 
 or rounded and abruptly apiculate apex, deeply cordate-clasping at the base : filaments 
 apparently variable, one pair said to be connate, yet in most flowers examined all distinct. 
 
 1. Flowers small: sepals with tips erect or slightly recurved, obtuse or acutish but not 
 caudate-attenuate. 
 
 S. Orbiculatus, Greene. Low profusely branched annual with short ascending axis only 
 2 or .3 inches long, much surpassed by the slender ascending branches : leaves rather small ; 
 the lower spatulate-oblong, obtuse, subentire or undulate-margined : the up])er suborbicular, 
 usually rounded and not apiculate at the apex : pods falcate-recurved ; valves thin and toru- 
 lose. — Fl. Francis. 258. — Near Carson City, Nevada, Anderson, and in the Sierras of Cali- 
 fornia from Sta. Lucia Mts., Miss Eastwood, and Mono Co., Coville & Funston, to Shasta, 
 Brewer. A species of highly characteristic habit in well developed individuals, yet without 
 very strong technical characters. 
 
 S. SUJBfrutescens, Greene. Biennial or perhaps perennial, lignescent at the base, the 
 stout sparingly branched leafy axis becoming a foot or more in height : leaves much larger 
 tlian in the last, those of the stem 2 or 3 inches long : sepals erect or slightly reflexed : 
 flowers and fruit essentially as in the last preceding species. — Erythea, i. 147, &'Man. Bay- 
 Reg. 16. — Hood's Peak, Sonoma Co., California, Bioletti. In habit very different from 
 S. orbiculatus, yet perhaps only a more robust and enduring form of it. 
 
 2. Flowers larger : sepals caudate-attenuate, the tips conspicuously reflexed. 
 
 S. tortuosus, Kellogg. Erect sparingly branched annual, 1 to 3 feet high : lower leaves 
 obovate spatulate, undulate-toothed ; the upper suborbicular, but mostly with a short abrupt 
 
CAi'i'ArviDACK.i:. 473 
 
 apiculation : burls ven.' acute : pods recurveil-spreadiiig, 2 to 6 inches in length, longer aixl 
 seeiniiigly of firmer texture tliau in tlie two foregoing Mpecies. — I'roc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ii. 
 152, t. 46. — Sierras of E. Central Calif(jrnia from the Yoseinite to rhiin:i.s County. 
 ^— ^— -t— Sepals of the outer pair llal«ilif"rMi-orl)icular, dilated, light yellow an<i |>etaloid, 
 very uiie(iual and much larger tliau the oblong sepals of the inner pair : one pair of longer 
 lil:um-Mts connate. 
 S. polygaloides, (jKay, p. I71. Extend range to Calaveras Co., Dacij. 
 
 47. CAULANTHUS, -SVatson. 
 
 C. pilosus, Watsov, p. 173. Strike out last sentence, wliich relates to po<jr anil unu.-ually 
 hispid specimens of Sisijmbrium altissimitin, L. 
 
 48. THELYPODIUM, En.ll. 
 
 T. Ho"Wellii, Watson, p. 174. Add syn. Slreiitanl/uts Hotnllii, Jones, Proc. Calif. Aca<l. 
 
 Sci. sir. 2, V. 623, not Wats. The fruit appears to be distinctly tiiat <jf a 'riiili//>oiliiiiii, and 
 
 the type seems very remote from Slrejitant/ms cordatus to which it is compared by l'rofe.>*«or 
 
 Jones. 
 T. (0 salsugineum, Ronixsox, p. 175. Add locality, Mocse Jaw, A.'^siniboia, Mucmn. 
 T. lasioph^llum, var. rigidum, RoniNSoy, p. 177. In line 3, for " by Maij at Elmira, 
 
 Calif., 1883," read, by Mrs. Cumin at Elmira, Calif., May, 1883. 
 
 50. WAREA, Nutt. Add lit. Nash, Bull. Torr. Club, xxiii. 101 ; S.null, 
 ibid. 408, 409. As Dr. Small has pointed out, it is quite clear Ironi the material 
 now at hand that in describing W. amplexifolia, Nuttall (Jour. Acad. Philad. vii. 
 83, t. 10) combined two distinct plants. 
 
 The species of the genus may be revised thus : — 
 W. cuneifolia, Nutt., p. 180. Amply characterized. 
 
 "W. sessilifolia, Nasu. Leaves rather small, 6 to 10 lines long, half as broad, ovate, ses- 
 sile bv a rounded e.Kauriculate base : flowers deep purple. — Hull. Torr. Club, x.xiv. 101. 
 W. amplexifolia, Nutt. 1. c. as to descr. in great part and ;is to plant from W. Floriila fig- 
 ured. — Sandy soil, W. Florida, Ware, Nash. The name is not distinctive, as all the known 
 species have leaves sessile or nearly so. 
 W. amplexifolia, Nutt. Leaves larger, becoming an inch or two long, and half a.s 
 broad, elliptic-ovate, deeply cordate and auriculate-amplexicaul : flowers white or p.ale 
 purple. — Nutt. 1. c, in ])art, namely, as to syn. Stanlei/a ? amplexifolia ; Small, 1. c, but 
 Nutt. should stand as authority. It is quite evident iioth from his synonymy and in his 
 descr. (in which occurs " leaves sessile and amplexicaule ") that he had both plants in mind 
 when he described W. amplexifolia, and if one of these plants is removed as W. sessilifolia, 
 the other mu.«t stand for Nuttall's species. — Sandy soil, E. Floriila, St. Augustine. Miss 
 Reynolds, Tavaris, Lake Co., Webber, ace. to N.ash. 
 
 CAPPARIDACILE. 
 
 2. cristat:£lla, Xutt. 
 
 C. Jam^sii, Toru. & Gray, p. 182. Extend range to Nebraska, .ace. to Rydberg. 
 
 4. cle6me. l. 
 
 C. integrifolia, Toim. & Gray, p. 1S3. Ill first lino of descr. for " 2 or 3 feet high." read, 
 2 to 6 feet high. And to range add, occasional in California, as at San Emidio Canon, 
 Kern Co., Tevis, ace. to Miss Eastwood. 
 
474 SUPPLEMENT. 
 
 RESEDACE^. 
 
 1. RES:&DA, Tourn. 
 
 R. LUTE A, L., p. 188. For Amer. distrib. substitute, Locally established in fields, &c., chiefly 
 in Atlantic States, but said to extend westward as far as Michigan. 
 
 CISTACE^. 
 
 In the second line of the generic key strike out the word " nerviform." 
 
 1. HELIANTHEMUM, Tourn. In the generic character, for "strictly 
 parietal," read, parietal or septiform. 
 
 H. Canadense, Micnx., p. 190. Common in E. Massachusetts and extending northeast- 
 ward to York Co., Maine, Fernald. 
 
 H. arenicola, Chapm., p. 190. The Mississippi occurrence appertains to the following 
 species. 
 
 H. Nashi, Brixton, p. 190. This species on furtlier investigation proves to have heteromor- 
 plious flowers and should therefore be placed in the preceding division of the genus. Many 
 of its cleistogamous flowers have 2-valved apparently bicarpellary fruits. 
 
 2. HUDS6NIA, L. 
 
 H. montana, Nutt., p. 191. In line 4, for " Table Mountain," read, Table Rock. 
 
 3. LifiCHEA, Kalm. 
 
 L. intermedia, Leggett, p. 193. A dubious form, somewhat intermediate between this 
 species and L. stricfa, and mentioned under the latter (on p. 193) as occurring in Maine, is 
 also found in the White Mountains. It is the recently proposed L. juniperina, Bicknell, 
 Bull. Torr. Club, xxiv. 88, but lacks satisfactory characters. 
 
 VIOLACEiE. 
 
 1. VlOLA, Tourn. For recent literature, see Greene, Pittonia, iii. 33-42, 
 87, 139-145 ; Pollard, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. x. 85-92, & Bot. Gaz. xxiii. 53 ; 
 Holzinger, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. iii. 214; Britton, Bull. Torr. Club. xxiv. 
 92. It may be noted that nearly all the recently proposed or reinstated species 
 represent plants familiar to Dr. Gray at the time of his revision, and that their 
 altered presentation is largely due to differing views as to the taxonomic value or 
 scope of the term species. 
 
 V. pedatifida, Don, p. 196. Extends eastward to Marblehead Isl. in Lake Erie, near San- 
 dusky, Ohio, A'. L. Moseley. 
 
 V. Langsdorfii, Fischer, by error Langsdorffii, p. 197. In references, after Bull. 
 Soc. Nat. Mosc, strike out " xxxv. 240," and substitute, xxxiv. pt. 2, 485. 
 
 V. Selkirkii, Pursh, p. 197. In references, after Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc, strike out " xxxv. 
 227," and substitute, xxxiv. pt. 2, 472. 
 
vioi.ACiLE. 475 
 
 V. lanceolata, L., p. 198. Add locality, Centr. Minnesota, W. [>. Frost. 
 
 V. glabella, Nitt., p. 201. In references, after JJuU. Soe. Nat. .M.j«c., Htrike out " xxxv. 
 253," and substitute, xxxiv. pt. 2, 498. 
 
 V. canina, var. Muhlenbergii, Tkaitv., p. 20.3. in references, after Bull. Soc. Nat 
 Mosc, strike out " xxxv. 245," and substitute, xxxiv. pt. 2, 4'JO. 
 
 3. lONlDIUM, Vent. 
 I. polygalaefolium, Vent., p. 205. Add locality, liiley Co., Kansas, Norton. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Names of orders are in CAPITALS; of suborders, tribes, &c., in small capitals; of 
 admitted genera and species, in ordinary Roman type ; of synonyms, aa also of subgenera, 
 
 sections, and all species merely referred to, in /tallr type. 
 
 Abelmoschus, 333, 336. 
 Abutileir, 296. 
 Abutilon, 296, 326. 
 AbutiUm, 319. 
 
 Abiililon, 327. 
 
 aurantiacum, 328. 
 
 Avirenmp, 327. 
 
 Berlanilieri, 328. 
 
 crispum, 330. 
 
 crijspiim, 330. 
 
 erosum, 326. 
 
 graveulens, 327. 
 
 hirltim, 327. 
 
 ho/osericeuni, 326. 
 
 Hulseanum, 327. 
 
 hypoleucum, 327. 
 
 incanum, 329. 
 
 Indicum, 327. 
 
 Indicum, 327. 
 
 Jacquini, 327. 
 
 Jacquiui, 328. 
 
 Lemmoni, 328. 
 
 liynosnm, 327. 
 
 malacum, 329. 
 
 Neallei/i, 326. 
 
 Newberri/i, 318. 
 
 Nulta/lii, 329. 
 
 Palmeri, 328. 
 
 Parishii, 328. 
 
 parvulum, 329. 
 
 peduuculare, 327. 
 
 peraXfine, 328. 
 
 permolle, 328. 
 
 reventum, 329. 
 
 SonorJE, 329. 
 
 Sonom, 329. 
 
 Teiense, 329. 
 
 Theophrasti, 327. 
 
 Thurberi, 329. 
 
 trichodiim, 330. 
 
 unibellatiim, 330. 
 
 ve/utinum, 326. 
 
 Wrigiitii, 328. 
 Acer, 432, 43.5. 
 
 barbntum, 439, 440. 
 
 Cnli/oniicum, 440, 441. 
 
 Canadense, 436. 
 
 Carolinianum, 437. 
 circinatum, 437. 
 cocci lieu in, 437. 
 dasi/carpum, 438. 
 Douylusii, 436. 
 Drummondii, 437. 
 eriociirpum, 438. 
 Floridanum, 439. 
 Floridanum, 440. 
 fraxinifolimn, 440. 
 glabrum, 436. 
 (jlititcHin, 437. 
 grandidentatum, 440. 
 (/raiididi'iitdfitm, 439. 
 lafiniatnm, 438. 
 leucodernie, 440. 
 macrophylluni, 436. 
 Mexicaiiiiin, 441. 
 micioji/ti/llitm, 437. 
 montaimm, 435. 
 Negundo, 440. 
 iiir/niin, 439. 
 pa I ma til III, 436. 
 ]ialmi/h/ium, 439. 
 parrifloruin, 43.'). 
 Peniisvlvanicum, 436. 
 Pinsi/li'anicnm, 43."), 4.'1 
 platanoides, 435. 
 i'seudo-platanus, 436. 
 rubrum, 437. 
 rubruiii, 437, 438. 
 rubrum miis, 438. 
 Rwp'lii, 439. 
 saccbariuum, 438. 
 sarc/ian'num, 439. 
 sacc/inrophorum, 439. 
 .saccbarum, 438. 
 sacr/iarum, 439. 
 .se HI i-oibiculatu in , 43 7. 
 serratum, 441. 
 spicatuin, 435. 
 striiiluin, 436. 
 tripartituin, 436. 
 ruyaliiiii, 437. 
 ACEKINK.K, 432. 
 
 Acliania, 332. 
 /JiVosa, 334. 
 
 Pirpplfjii, 334. 
 Acblv.s, 67; 70. 
 
 tripbyila, 70. 
 Aconite, 52. 
 Aconitum, 3, 52. 
 
 C/iii missoniunum, 52 
 
 Culuniliianuni, 52. 
 
 ('oininbiannin, 53. 
 
 delpbinifolium, 52. 
 
 Fisc/teri, 53. 
 
 A'« /H /sc/i « ; /c« /« , 52. 
 
 inaximuin, 52. 
 
 iS'apellus, 52. 
 
 .Vr//y» //h.s, 52. 
 
 iiasutum, 53. 
 
 Noveboracense, 52. 
 
 A orclioracense, 5.3. 
 
 pnvadiiTum, 52. 
 
 reclin.atum, 53. 
 
 si'mii/alealuin, 52. 
 
 uncinatum, 53. 
 
 nncinalum, 52. 
 
 voluhile, 53. 
 Acta;a, 3, 55. 
 .■lc<(Crt, 54. 
 
 alba, 55. 
 
 Americana, 55. 
 
 arijuta, 55. 
 
 brack jipetala, 55, 70. 
 
 cordijiilia, 55. 
 
 dioica, 56. 
 
 fpani/is, 18. 
 
 liini/iprs, 55. 
 
 miiiiiii/ipia, 54. 
 
 pachjipnda, 56. 
 
 pa/iiiata, 18. 
 
 padocarpa, 54. 
 
 racemiisa, 54. 
 
 rubra, 55. 
 
 spicuta, 55. 
 
 s/iirata, 55. 
 
 viridiriora, 55. 
 Actinospitra, 53. 
 Adenarinm. 238. 
 
 fieploidis, 238. 
 Adiumia, 93. 
 
 cirriiosa, 93. 
 
478 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 funqosa, 93. 
 Adolphia. 402, 418. 
 
 C.iliforuica, 419. 
 
 infesta, 419. 
 Adonis, 2, 18. 
 
 annitn, 19. 
 
 antumualis, 19. 
 
 vernal is, 19. 
 Aduseton, 115. 
 iEsculuti, 434, 446. 
 
 alki, 446. 
 
 arifuta, 447. 
 
 Californiea, 448. 
 
 carnea, 446. 
 
 discolor, 447. 
 
 echinata, 446. 
 
 flava, 447. 
 
 glabra, 446. 
 
 glabra, 447. 
 
 Hippocastannm, 446. 
 
 humtlis, 447. 
 
 hybrida, 447. 
 
 viacrostachya, 448. 
 
 muricata, 446. 
 
 neglectd, 447. 
 
 ochroleitca, 446. 
 
 octaudra, 447. 
 
 Ohioensis, 446. 
 
 Ohiotensis, 446. 
 
 pallida, 446. 
 
 Parry i, 448. 
 
 parviflora, 448. 
 
 Pavia, 447. 
 
 Paiva, 447. 
 
 rubicunda, 446. 
 
 verrucosa, 446. 
 
 TFrt^soH/</«a, 446. 
 A/arca parviflora, 406. 
 Ageria Cassena, 389. 
 
 heterophyla. 389. 
 
 obovata, 389. 
 
 opaca, 388. 
 
 palustris, 389. 
 Agrosteinma, 209, 228. 
 Agrostemma, 227. 
 
 apetala, 226. 
 
 Coronaria, 227. 
 
 Githago, 228. 
 
 triflora, 22.5. 
 Ailant'hus, 377, 378. 
 
 glaiulnlosus, 378. 
 Ailantus, 378. 
 Ailantiis-tree, 378. 
 AizoiDE.E, 256. 
 Aizopsis, 112. 
 Algfritas, 68. 
 Alliaria, 102, 134. 
 Alliaria, 136. 
 
 Alliaria, 135. 
 
 officinalis, 135. 
 Alsinanthe, 238. 
 Alsinastrum, 275. 
 
 brarhi/spermum, 281. 
 A/s/ne, 232, 238, 243. 
 
 aqwitica, 232. 
 
 arctica, 247. 
 
 Baicalensis, 233. 
 
 ii>fora, 247. 
 
 borealis, 235. 
 
 brevifolia, 243. 
 
 crassi/olia, 235. 
 
 Drummondii, 237. 
 
 fontinalis, 235. 
 
 glabra, 243. 
 
 graminea, 234. 
 
 Grcenlandica, 243. 
 
 /i/»7a, 246. 
 
 Holostea, 237. 
 
 humifusa, 235. 
 
 littoralis, 236. 
 
 longifolia, 233. 
 
 longipes, 233, 234. 
 
 macrocarpa, 247. 
 
 macropetala, 245. 
 
 7«erf/a, 232. 
 
 Michauxii, 245. 
 
 microsperma, 245. 
 
 nardifolia, 240. 
 
 niVcHS, 233. 
 
 Nuttallii, 237. 
 
 palustris, 243. 
 
 pa<i</a, 245. 
 
 peploides, 238. 
 
 Pitcheri, 245. 
 
 propinrjua, 246. 
 
 pubera, 236. 
 
 /JossfV, 246. 
 
 rubella, 246. 
 
 squanosa, 247. 
 
 slricta, 246. 
 
 tenella, 244. 
 
 uliginosa, 234. 
 
 verna, 245, 246. 
 
 IFa/^en, 237. 
 Alsine.«, 209. 
 Alsinella ciliata, 248. 
 
 crassicaulis, 249. 
 
 occidentalis, 248. 
 
 saginoides, 249. 
 Althaea, 295, 299. 
 
 cannabina, 299. 
 
 officinalis, 299. 
 
 rosea, 299. 
 Aly sinus, 116. 
 Alyssine.i:, 99. 
 Ahssuna, 100, 115. 
 Al'yssum, 114, 116. 
 
 alyssoides, 115. 
 
 Americanum, 115. 
 
 arcticum, 120. 
 
 calycinum, 115. 
 
 dentatum, 112. 
 
 hyperboreum, 110. 
 
 incanum, 114. 
 
 Lescurii, 116. 
 
 Ludovicianum, 118 
 
 maritimum, 115. 
 
 montamim, 115. 
 American Holly, 388. 
 
 Smoke-tree, 382. 
 Ammodenici, 238. 
 Amoreuxia, 206. 
 
 nialv£efolia, 207. 
 
 palmatifida, 207. 
 
 Scheidiana, 207. 
 
 Schiedeana, 207. 
 
 Wrightii, 207. 
 Ampelopsis, 420, 431. 
 Ampelopsis, 430. 
 
 bipinnata, 430. 
 
 cor data, 430. 
 
 cordifolia, 430. 
 
 kederacea, 431. 
 
 heptaphi/lla, 432. 
 
 heterophylla, 431. 
 
 hirsuta, 431. 
 
 pubescens, 432. 
 
 quiuquefolia, 431. 
 
 tricuspidata, 431. 
 
 Veitchii, 431. 
 Amyride.i;, 371. 
 Amyris, 371, 375. 
 
 balsamifera, 376. 
 
 elemifera, 376. 
 
 Floridami, 376. 
 
 Ilypelute, 445. 
 
 maritima, 376. 
 
 parvifolia, 376. 
 
 sylvatica, 376. 
 ANACARDIACE^, 381. 
 Anapodophyllum, 72. 
 
 peltatum, 72. 
 Andromeda plumata, 393. 
 Androphylax scundens, 65. 
 Anemone, 1, 9, 462. 
 
 uconitifblia, 12. 
 
 acutiloba, 14. 
 
 alpina, 9. 
 
 Baldensis, 10. 
 
 Berlandieri, 11. 
 
 borealis, 10. 
 
 Californiea, 462. 
 
 Canadensis, 12, 462. 
 
 Caroliniana, 11. 
 
 Caroliniana, 11. 
 
 Commersoniana, 10. 
 
 cuneifolia, 10. 
 
 cyanea, 13. 
 
 cylindrica, 11. 
 
 decapetala, 10. 
 
 decapetala, 10, 11. 
 
 deltoidea, 12. 
 
 dichotoma, 12. 
 
 Drummondii, 10, 462. 
 
 Graj/f', 13. 
 
 Hepatica, 14. 
 
 heterophylla, 11. 
 
 hirsuta, 11. 
 
 Hudsoniana, 10. 
 
 irregularis, 12. 
 
 lanci/olia, 13. 
 
 lanigera, 10. 
 
 Ludoviciana, 9. 
 
 Z^a//i7, 13. 
 
 ininima, 13. 
 
 multifida, 10. 
 
 narci.ssi flora, 12. 
 
 neworosa, 13. 
 
 nudicuulis, 12, 25. 
 
 Nuttallii, 9. 
 
 occidentalis, 9. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 479 
 
 Oregana, 13. 
 
 chrysantha, 42. 
 
 Ludoviciana, 161. 
 
 parviriora, 10. 
 
 ecalcarata, 43. 
 
 Lvallii. 166. 
 
 jjateiis, 9. 
 
 eialcaraln, 42. 
 
 lyrata, 159. 
 
 lulling, 9. 
 
 elegans, 44. 
 
 .Sliicnnnii, 163. 
 
 pedutii, 13. 
 
 ex'imia, 44. 
 
 niicropbvlla. 167. 
 
 J^enusi/lvaiiica, 12. 
 
 flavesceus, 43. 
 
 uudiraufis, 152. 
 
 quimiuefolia, 13. 
 
 Jiavesreiis, 463. 
 
 Nuttallii, 160. 
 
 rannncnlindes, 12. 
 
 'fiai-i flora, 44. 
 
 I'ari.shii. 167. 
 
 Ricliard.soni, 12. 
 
 "forniusa, 44. 
 
 patens, 162. 
 
 Rirluirds.nuann, 12. 
 
 fonnosa, 42, 44. 
 
 /«i/«/*i, 164. 
 
 splieiiophylla, 11. 
 
 Jouesii, 43, 463. 
 
 piiuriflorum, 166. 
 
 lenelln, 11. 
 
 Laramiensis, 463. 
 
 pectiiiala, 159. 
 
 Tetonensis, 10, 462. 
 
 leplocera, 44. 
 
 pcrennans, 165. 
 
 thalictroides, 14. 
 
 le/ituceras, 44. 
 
 ftertnunns, 164. 
 
 trifolia. 13. 
 
 lungis.sinia, 45. 
 
 perfoliata, 160. 
 
 trilobata, 11. 
 
 mnrrnntha, 44. 
 
 peti.daris, 161. 
 
 Valdii, 12. 
 
 inicrantha, 43. 
 
 l»lriia, 141, 159. 
 
 Vir-iiiiaua. U. 
 
 pubescens, 45. 
 
 platyspernia, 163. 
 
 \Vidleri, 11. 
 
 .saxiniontana, 43, 463. 
 
 puht-rula, 160. 
 
 Anemonk.e, 1. 
 
 Skinneri, 44. 
 
 pulcbra, 167, 470. 
 
 Anemoiiella, 1, 14. 
 
 truncata, 44. 
 
 jnirpitniscens, 161. 
 
 thalictroides, 14. 
 
 ^/•»H«j/</, 42, 44. 
 
 repauda, 161. 
 
 Anemony, 9. 
 
 variegata, 44. 
 
 rejitaiis, 106. 
 
 Annnmi ohovata, 63, 464. 
 
 vulgaris, 42. 
 
 retrofinria, 164, 165. 
 
 tnh,l„i, 63. 
 
 vulgaris, 43. 
 
 rhomboidea, 156. 
 
 Anoda, 296, 318. 
 
 Arauide.k, 103. 
 
 rotund i/olia, 106. 
 
 abutiloides, 320. 
 
 Arabis, 104, 159, 470. 
 
 rui>estris, 163. 
 
 aceri/olia, 319. 
 
 alpina, 163. 
 
 sagittata, 162. 
 
 Arizonica, 319. 
 
 ambigua, 159. 
 
 secnnda, 164. 
 
 brachyantha, 319. 
 
 arcuata, 164. 
 
 s/iarsi flora, 164. 
 
 creuatitlora, 321. 
 
 arcuala, 165. 
 
 s/Hithidata, 160. 
 
 cristata, 319. 
 
 atrorubens, 162. 
 
 A7nW-», 163. 
 
 Di/leniana, 319. 
 
 Ueckwithii, 165. 
 
 sulipinnatitida, 165. 
 
 hastata, 319. 
 
 blepharophvlhi. 161. 
 
 suffrutescens, 166,470. 
 
 hasldta, 319, 320. 
 
 Bolauderi, 165. 
 
 Thaliana, 140. 
 
 lanceo/ala, 319. 
 
 Breutelii, 166. 
 
 tnberosa, 156. 
 
 lavaterioides, 319. 
 
 Breweri, 165. 
 
 Virginira, 161. 
 
 parvljiora, 320, 321. 
 
 iw/iosa, 156. 
 
 Arctomecon, 83. 85. 
 
 peutaschista, 320. 
 
 Canadensis, 162. 
 
 .l«V«mrco», 82. 
 
 pentaschista, 320. 
 
 canescens, 165. 
 
 Californica, 86. 
 
 pubescens, 320. 
 
 canescens, 138, 166. 
 
 Calif'ornicnm, 86. 
 
 reticulata, 321. 
 
 Columbiana, 164. 
 
 humilis, 86. 
 
 Thurberi, 320. 
 
 confinis, 163. 
 
 Merriami, 86. 
 
 triangularis, 319. 
 
 Cusickii, 167. 
 
 Arenaria, 210, 237. 
 
 ^v7o/w, 319. 
 
 declinnta, 164. 
 
 .rlrenar/a, 228, 238, 239, 250. 
 
 Wrightii, 319. 
 
 deutata. 160. 
 
 aculeata, 242. 
 
 Anoua, 62. 
 
 Duuglassii, 156. 
 
 alsinoides, 240. 
 
 glabra, 62. 
 
 Drmnniondii, 166. 
 
 alsinoldrs, 254. 
 
 g rand i flora, 63, 464. 
 laurifolia, 62. 
 
 Dnimmondii, 163, 166. 
 
 arctica, 247. 
 
 falrata, 162. 
 
 arrtirit, 247. 
 
 pi/gma;a, 64. 
 triloba, 63. 
 
 ■filifolia, 1.59,470. 
 
 Benthan.ii, 239. 
 
 furcata, 161. 
 
 />///"r<i. 247. 
 
 ANONACE.E, 62, 464. 
 
 hesfyeridoides, 150. 
 
 brevifolia, 243. 
 
 Aphanostemnia, 22. [135. 
 
 heteromalla, 164. 
 
 brevi/olia, 244. 
 
 Aphraqmus Esrhsrholtzianus, 
 
 Itelerophiflla, 162. 
 
 buxi' folia, 238. 
 
 AQUIFOLIACE.K, 388. 
 
 hir.-*uta,162, 470. 
 
 ras))itiisa, 249. 
 
 Afpii folium, 388. 
 
 Hollxellii, 164, 470. 
 
 Californica, 244. 
 
 Aquilegia, 2, 42, 463. 
 
 Holhollli, 164, 165. 
 
 Califhrnirn, 244. 
 
 arctica, 44. 
 
 Ilookeri. 160. 
 
 cnli/rautha, 236. 
 
 brevistyla, 43, 463. 
 
 Howcllii, 167. 470. 
 
 Canadensis. 252. 
 
 brevisti/la, 43. 
 
 huniifnsa, 159. 
 
 capillaris, 240. 
 
 caerulea, 44, 463. 
 
 la-vigata, 162. 
 
 capillaris, 232, 241. 
 
 aeritlea, 43, 44. 
 
 hivlq.ita, 163. 
 
 capillif>fs, 244. 
 
 Califhrnica, 44. 
 
 Leinnioni, 166. 
 
 Carolinian.i, 247. 
 
 Canadensis, 44. 
 
 leriqata, 162. 
 
 oiliata. 2.39. 
 
 Canadensis, 43, 44. 
 
 lilarina, 164. 
 
 compacta, 241. 
 
 chrysantha, 44. 
 
 longlroatris, 170, 174. 
 
 congpsta, 241. 
 
480 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 confjesta, 241, 242. 
 diandra, 251 . 
 diffusa, 240. 
 Uoughiisii, 244. 
 elejjans, 246. 
 Feiidleri, 242. 
 Feiidleri, 241. 
 furmusd, 240. 
 'Frankliiiii, 242. 
 Fmnklinii, 242. 
 Glcsekii, 246. 
 glabra, 243. 
 y/dlim, -237, 243. 
 GnLiilandica, 243. 
 Iluenkcana, 238. 
 A/Wa, 246. 
 Hookeri, 242. 
 Howellii, 244. 
 hiiiiiin(S((, 240. 
 imhn'aitd, 247. 
 Jniii/ifiiua, 245. 
 A'/;(y(/, 241. 
 huiii'ihiosa, 240. 
 laricitolia, 247. 
 lateriHora, 238. 
 Id/ti- flora, 235. 
 le/ito'rlddos, 239. 
 mdcradiuld, 241, 242. 
 iiiacrocarpa, 24". 
 nuKToplivlla, 238. 
 mdrrotld'ra, 253. 
 marina, 252. 
 Mirhduxii, 245. 
 Miquelonensis, 250, 252. 
 montiaila, 239. 
 vurdijUia, 240. 
 nemnrosa, 240. 
 Norvegica, 240. 
 Nuttalli, 246. 
 Nutlallii, 246. 
 o6/».sflr, 247. 
 palndicola, 243. 
 paliistris, 243. 
 patula, 245. 
 ;»«^(/-), 232. 
 I'cniisylvanica, 238. 
 pojiloides, 238. 
 phvsodes, 2.39. 
 Pi'trlari, 245. 
 pro/iiiupia, 246. 
 piuu/rnx, 242, 246. 
 Pnhhiana, 235. 
 pusilla, 244. 
 Ratinpaijuiuna, 247. 
 Rossii, 246. 
 n/^^ro, 2.50, 252. 
 Sajanensis, 246. 
 salsuf/itien, 251. 
 saxosa, 240. 
 serpyllifolia, 239. 
 setarea, 245. 
 Sitchensis, 239. 
 sqnarrosa, 247. 
 .itricta, 245. 
 sfr/V-^;, 245, 246. 
 tenella, 244. 
 tene//a, 245. 
 
 tenuifolia, 244, 245. 
 
 th,/mi/olia, 235, 247. 
 
 ursina, 241. 
 
 venia, 245. 
 
 verna, 244. 
 Argenioiie, 83, 87, 466. 
 
 alba, 88, 466. 
 
 a/6a, 466. 
 
 albijiord, 88. 
 
 cor\ iiibosa, 88. 
 
 cor'i/mbosd, 466. 
 
 fniticosa, 87. 
 
 (iCfirf/iaiia, 88. 
 
 graudiflora, 87. 
 
 Iiispidd, 88, 466. 
 
 iutermedia, 466. 
 
 Mexicaua, 87, 466. 
 
 Mexicdiia, 88. 
 
 w('H(7a, 88, 467. 
 
 oc/iroleuca, 466. 
 
 platyceras, 88, 466. 
 
 pidtijceras, 466. 
 Armoracia Americana, 146. 
 
 ruslicana, 147. 
 Ascyrura, 282, 283. 
 'amplexicaule, 283. 
 
 Crux-Andrea, 283. 
 
 Cubense, 284. 
 
 hypericoides, 283. 
 
 microsepalum, 284. 
 
 jHulticaule, 283. 
 
 jniiiciflorum, 283. 
 
 puinilum, 283. 
 
 stuns, 283. 
 
 villosum, 288. 
 Asiniiua, 62, 464. 
 
 augustifolia, 64, 464. 
 
 campanijiora, 63. 
 
 conoidea, 63. 
 
 cuneata, 64. 
 
 cunenta, 464. 
 
 graudiflora, 63, 464. 
 
 grandiflora, 63, 464. 
 
 obovala, 464. 
 
 parviflora, 63. 
 
 pygmaea, 64, 464. 
 
 pi/qmcea, 63, 64, 465. 
 
 reticulata, 464. 
 
 reticulata, 64, 464, 465. 
 
 Rugelii, 465. 
 
 secundijlora, 64. 
 
 specio.sa, 464. 
 
 speciosa, 464. 
 
 triloba, 63, 464. 
 Aspicarpa, 350, 352. 
 
 Hartwecjiana, 352. 
 
 hyssopifolia, 352. 
 
 longines, 352. 
 Astrophijllum dumosum, 372 
 Atalanl'a, 183. 
 
 serrulata, 183. 
 Atamisquca, 181, 187. 
 
 emarginata, 187. 
 Athysann.«, 99, 112. 
 
 pusillus, 113. 
 Atocion armerioides, 212. 
 Atragene, 4, 8. 
 
 alpinu, 8. 
 America lid, 8. 
 Columbiana, 8. 
 occidentalis, 8. 
 Ocholensis, 8. 
 Sibirica, 8. 
 
 AURANTIE.K, 371. 
 
 Awlwort, 130. 
 Ayeuia, 339, 341. 
 
 niicrophvlla, 341. 
 
 pu.silla, 341. 
 
 Baby's Breath, 212. 
 Badiera, 449. 
 Balardia Plafensis, 251. 
 Balloon Vine, 443. 
 Balsam, 368. 
 
 BALSAMINEyE, 358. 
 
 Baneberry, 55. 
 Barbadoes Cherry, 351. 
 Barbarca, 104, 149. 
 
 Darbarea, 149. 
 
 parviflora, 150. 
 
 precox, 150. 
 
 stricta, 150. 
 
 ■vulgaris, 149. 
 
 i-ulgaris, 150. 
 Barberry, 67. 
 Bass wood, 343. 
 Bastard Iron-wood, 374. 
 Batrachium, 20. 
 
 circinatum, 21. 
 
 divaricatum, 21. 
 
 hederaceum, 22. 
 
 tric/io/>hi/lium, 21. 
 Bauviqartia scandens, 65. 
 Bay, 59. 
 Beaver-tree, 59. 
 iBe/(en, 214. 
 
 vuh/aris, 214. 
 Bchendntha, 214. 
 fie//(«, 446. 
 Beloere, 327. 
 
 cistiflora, 327. 
 
 c)/.s/7a. 330. 
 BEllBEKIDACEJi:, 66, 465. 
 Berberis, 66, 67, 465. 
 
 Aquifoliuni, 69, 465. 
 
 Atpiifolinm, 70. 
 
 Canadensis, 68. 
 
 Canadensis, 68. 
 
 cremdatd, 68. 
 
 dictyota, 69. 
 
 emarginata, 68. 
 
 Fendleri, 68. 
 
 Freniontii, 69. 
 
 qlumacea, 70. 
 
 'ilicifolia, 68. 
 
 laxiflora, 68. 
 
 macrant/id, 68. 
 
 TniV/s, 68. 
 
 nana, 465. 
 
 nervosa, 70, 465. 
 
 neri'osa, 70. 
 
 Nevinii, 69, 465. 
 
 Nud-ana, 70. 
 
 ])innata, 69, 465. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 481 
 
 pinnata, 69, 70. 
 
 pit III 1 1(1, (59. 
 
 repeiKS, 69, 465. 
 
 liwiiieriaiia, 68. 
 
 Schiedeana, 68. 
 
 Swazeyi, 69. 
 
 trifoliata, 68. 
 
 tri/o/i(ita, 68. 
 
 vulgaris, 68. 
 
 vul(/(iris, 68. 
 
 Wllvoxii, 69. 
 Berberry, 67. 
 Berchemia, 402, 404. 
 
 scnndi-ns, 405. 
 
 volubilis, 404. 
 Bertjel/d, 282. 
 
 Texana, 282. 
 Bergia, 281, 282. 
 
 Americana, 282. 
 
 ammanioides, 282. 
 
 Texana, 282. 
 Berteroa, 100, 114,468. 
 
 iucaua, 114, 468. 
 
 mutabilis, 114. 
 
 mutahilis, 468. 
 Betuin triphi/lla, 386. 
 Bicucnlla Canadensis, 94. 
 
 Cucullaria, 95. 
 
 fumarioides, 93. 
 Bicncidlaria eximia, 95. 
 Bicucullata, 94. 
 
 Canadensis, 95. 
 Bird Grape, 421. 
 BirdVeve Maple, 439. 
 Biscutel'la, 122. 
 
 Cali/ornica, 123. 
 
 ir/iV/iCfu', 123. 
 Bitter Orange, 376. 
 Bitter-root, 266, 267. 
 Bitter-sweet, 398. 
 Bitter-wood, 378. 
 Bixa Orellana, 206. 
 BIX AC E^:, 206. 
 Black Alder, 391. 
 
 Cdho.sh, 54. 
 
 Hellebore, 42. 
 
 Iron- wood, 404. 
 
 Maple, 439. 
 
 Mustard, 133. 
 
 Snakeroot, 54. 
 Bladder Campion, 214. 
 Bladder-nut, 434. 
 Bloodroot, 86. 
 Blue Cohosh, 70. 
 
 Grape, 428. 
 BomhareiB, 295. 
 Bovdn'cella, 333, 334. 
 Bootia, 213. 
 Boston Vine, 431. 
 Botrophis, 54. 
 
 acteoides, 55. 
 
 serpentaria, 55. 
 Bouncing Het, 213. 
 Box Klder, 440. 
 Brack iilolms hispidus, 148. 
 Brasenia, 73, 74. 
 
 Hydroiyeltis, 74. 
 
 ni/mphoidts, 74. 
 
 peltnla, 74. 
 
 jiiirpitrea, 74. 
 
 Schrei)eri, 74. 
 Bra.-isica, 102, 133, 468. 
 Brussicd, 134. 
 
 adpressa, 134. 
 
 adpressa,.H;9. 
 
 allia, 1:54. 
 
 aiha, 133. 
 
 caiiipestris, 133. 
 
 ./iipunica, 469. 
 
 jnucea, 134,469. 
 
 nigra, 133. 
 
 o/eracea, 133. 
 
 oiientalis, 134. 
 
 ]ier/„liala,i:i-i. 
 
 Sinaiiistruni, 1.33, 468. 
 
 Was/iilatia, 168. 
 Bkassick.k, 101. 
 Brava, 103, 140. 
 Bniya, 136. 
 
 aljiina, 140. 
 
 arctica, 140. 
 
 Eschscholtziana, 135. 
 
 (jiahella, 140. 
 
 huniilis, 141. 
 
 Ore//(>nensis, 112 
 
 pectinata, 136. 
 
 pilo.'^a, 141. 
 
 purpurascens, 140. 
 
 rosea, 141. 
 Brewerina suffnitescens, 241. 
 Breynia arborescens, 187. 
 
 fniticosa, 187. 
 Broccoli, 1.33. 
 Bronnia, 280. 
 
 spinosa, 280. 
 Brussels sprouts, 133. 
 Biicconia, 82. 
 Buckeye, 446. 
 Buckthorn, 406. 
 Buckwheat-tree, 393. 
 fiurfa, 250. 
 
 borealis, 252. 
 
 7narina, 252. 
 
 r«/)rrt, 250. 
 
 Bl ETTNERIE.E, 339. 
 
 Bugbane, 53. 
 Bulhncapnos, 96. 
 Hull Grape, 420. 
 Hullace Grape, 420. 
 Hull it Grape, 420. 
 lhun<dda,AM. 
 /iiiiKi/ia anijHstifolia, 394. 
 Hunch (Jrapc, 427. 
 linnins ,d,uliil,i, 132. 
 Burning Hush, 397. 
 Bursa, 130. 
 
 /iitrsa-pastoris, 131. 
 BnrseiF, 130. 
 Bursera, 380. 
 
 fununifora, 380. 
 Iindsiana,380. 
 nii(r()phvila,380. 
 .SVm.ni(/.(j,3S0. 
 BUUSEHACE.E, 380. 
 31 
 
 Bantcria, 380. 
 Hush (irap*-, 421. 
 Huttercup, 20. 
 Hyrsoninm, :iM. 
 lucida, 350. 
 
 Cabbage, 1.33. 
 Caboinba, 73, 74. 
 
 ai/uatira, 74. 
 
 Aubletil, 74. 
 
 Caroliniana, 74. 
 
 jielfala, 74. 
 
 pinnnla, 363. 
 Cabomhk.*:, 73. 
 Cakile, 101, 1.32. 
 
 ai/iialis, 132. 
 
 Americana, 132. 
 
 Americana, 132. 
 
 edenlnhi, 132. 
 
 niaritima, 132. 
 
 niaritijHa, 132. 
 
 CAKII.INEiE, 101. 
 
 Calandrinia, 263, 269. 
 Calandrinia, 262, 267. 
 
 amhiipia, 270. 
 
 Breweri, 270. 
 
 caulesccns, 269. 
 
 Columbiana, 269. 
 
 compressa, 270. 
 
 Coti/ledon, 268. 
 
 elei/ans, 270. 
 
 r;/7/^/, 268. 
 
 Iloirelhi, 268. 
 
 /,wnf/, 269. 
 
 niarititna, 270. 
 
 J/fH2/<'.s//,269,270. 
 
 micrantha, 269. 
 
 Neradinsis, 268. 
 
 opposilif'olin, 268. 
 
 pnlchelJa, 270. 
 
 pygmira, 268. 
 
 sesuvioides, 270. 
 
 speciosa, 269. 
 
 tul>erosa, 265. 
 
 Tweed i/i, 268. 
 Calceolaria. 205. 
 
 verticil lata, 205. 
 California Lilac, 409. 
 CallirhoiN 295, .300. 
 
 alca-..ido.s,.301. 
 
 digit ata, .301. 
 
 involucrata, 300. 
 
 inroincrata, 301. 
 
 //H<<jn7../«/,30l. 
 
 macrnrhi:a, 301. 
 
 palmata, 301. 
 
 rapavpf, 301. 
 
 pedata, 302. 
 
 .scabriu.xcula, 302. 
 
 .s7./<fir(i,306. 
 
 triangulata. 300. 
 
 rerticillata, 301. 
 Calloosa Grape, 429. 
 C"(//of/iv.<!i«.s446,448. 
 
 Califoitiica, 448. 
 Caltha, 2. 39. 
 
 arcOVa, 39. 
 
482 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 aanrlfolh, 39. 
 
 biHora, 40. 
 
 jicarioides, 39. 
 
 jiabellifolia, 39. 
 
 leptosepala, 40. 
 
 leptose/nila, 40. 
 
 uataiis, 39. 
 
 ])iilustris, 39. 
 
 jxiliistris, 39. 
 
 radirans, 39. 
 
 S(it/itt(ita, 40. 
 Caltrops, 3.53. 
 Calytocarpum, 65, 66. 
 
 Lvoni, 66. 
 Calyptritlinm, 263, 278. 
 
 monaiidrum, 279. 
 
 vwnosiiermiiiit, 277. 
 
 nullum. 277. 
 
 pini'irnlatum, 277. 
 
 rariyi. 278. 
 
 (juadripetalum, 278. 
 
 roseum, 278. 
 
 roseum, 278. 
 
 tetrapelalum, 278. 
 
 imihellatum, 277. 
 Calyxh i/vienia, 322. 
 Camelina, 101, l.Jl, 46& 
 
 barbareivfolium, 148 
 
 microrarpa, 468. 
 
 sativa, 131. 
 
 sylvestris, 468. 
 
 C.\MELINE.E, 101. 
 
 Camvllia, 291. 
 Campion, 213. 
 Canary-gra.«is, 124. 
 Canbya, 82, 85. 
 
 aurea, 85. 
 
 Candida, 85. 
 Candlewood, 280. 
 Canella, 206. 
 
 alba, 206. 
 
 laiirif'o/ia, 206. 
 
 Winterana, 206. 
 CANELLACE^, 205. 
 Canon Grape, 425. 
 Canotia, 378, 379. 
 
 holacantha, 379. 
 Capnodes, 94, 467. 
 
 Bidwellianum, 467. 
 
 Caseanum, 467. 
 Capnoides aureum, 97. 
 
 crystallinutn, 98. 
 
 curvisiliquum, 97. 
 
 JlavuJum, 98. 
 
 micranthum, 98. 
 
 montanum, 97. 
 
 scandeiis, 93. 
 
 semperrirens, 97. 
 Capnorrhis, 93, 94. 
 
 ckri/stinthn, 96. 
 
 ochroleuca, 467. 
 
 paucijiora, 467. 
 Cappare^, 181. 
 CAPPARIDACEyE, 180, 473. 
 Capparis, 181, 187. 
 
 Breynia, 187. 
 
 cynophallophora, 187. 
 
 cynophallophora, 187. 
 
 emarfjinata, 187. 
 
 Jamaicensis, 187. 
 
 silifpiosa, 187. 
 
 s/iinosa, 187. 
 Capsella, 101, 130. 
 
 Bursa-pastoris, 131. 
 
 dirdiicatd, 131. 
 
 elliptica, 131. 
 
 e recta, 131. 
 
 procuiiibeits, 131. 
 
 pnbeus, 131. 
 Cardaniine, 104, 155, 470. 
 Cardamine, 153, 470. 
 
 alpina, 155. 
 
 angulata, 157. 
 
 arenicola, 158. 
 
 asiiri folia, 156. 
 
 belliilifolia, 155. 
 
 Breweri, 157. 
 
 hulbosa, 156. 
 
 Californica, 155. 
 
 cardio/iki/lla, 155. 
 
 Clematitis, 157. 
 
 cord i folia, 156. 
 
 cordifolia, 156. 
 
 cuiieata, 155. 
 
 curvisiliqua, 156. 
 
 digitata, 157. 
 
 diphylla, 153. 
 
 DoiKjlassii, 156. 
 
 Emielmanniana, 161. 
 
 Jil (folia, 159. 
 
 Jlexuosa, 158. 
 
 Ganibelii, 158. 
 
 Gambellii, 158. 
 
 gemmata, 154. 
 
 heterophylla, 153. 
 
 hirsuta, 158. 
 
 hirsuta, 158. 
 
 laciniata, 153, 
 
 Lenensis, 155. 
 
 Ludoriciana, 161. 
 
 Lyallii, 156. 
 
 maxima, 154. 
 
 Menziesii, 139. 
 
 mull if da, 139, 153. 
 
 nudiranlis, 152. 
 
 Niittallii, 154. 
 
 oligosperma, 158. 
 
 parviflora, 158. 
 
 pauciserta, 155. 
 
 Pennsylvanica, 158. 
 
 pratensis, 157. 
 
 pulrherrima, 154. 
 
 purpurea, 157. 
 
 purpurea, 155. 
 
 tpiercetoriim, 154. 
 
 rhomboidea, 1 56, 470. 
 
 rhomhoid,a, 156. 
 
 rotuiidifolia, 156. 
 
 rotund i folia, 156. 
 
 Sc/iaJ/'hcri, 158. 
 
 sinuata, 154. 
 
 spathulata, 159. 
 
 xylvatira, 158. 
 
 <eres, 149. 
 
 vnijlora, 152. 
 
 I'ln/inira, 158, 161. 
 Cardaria, 124. 
 Cardiolepis obtusa, 408. 
 Cardiospermuni, 433, 443. 
 
 Corinduni, 443. 
 
 llalicacabnni, 443. 
 
 llalicacabuiii, 44.3. 
 
 niicrocarpum, 443. 
 
 7Ho//e, 443. 
 Carnation, 211. 
 Cari)et-weed, 257. 
 CAin'OPIIYLLACE.E, 208. 
 Casaha, 25. 
 Cassena, 389. 
 Cussine Caroliniana, 389, 390. 
 
 Perar/ua, 389. 
 
 ramulosa, 389. 
 Castalia, 75. 
 
 ampla, 75. 
 
 eleqans, 75. 
 /ara, 77. 
 
 Leibergi, 76. 
 
 Mexicana, 77. 
 
 odor at a, 76. 
 
 pudica, 76. 
 
 tetragona, 76. 
 
 tuberosa, 76. 
 Castela, 377, 378. 
 
 erecta, 379. 
 
 Nicholsoni, 379. 
 Cat Grape, 423. 
 Catchfly, 213, 217. 
 Caulanthus, 105, 172, 473. 
 
 aniplexicaulis, 172. 
 
 Coulteri, 172. 
 
 crassicaulis, 173. 
 
 glaucus, 173. 
 
 hastatus, 173. 
 
 inflatus, 172. 
 
 Lemmoni, 172. 
 
 pilosns, 173, 473. 
 
 procerus, 173. 
 Cauliflower, 133. 
 Caiilophvllum, 66, 70. 
 Caulopln/lluw,^ri. 
 
 tliaiictruides, 70. 
 Cavanilla/lorida, 292. 
 Ceanothus, 402, 409. 
 
 Americanus, 409. 
 
 Americanus, 410. 
 
 Andersoni, 411. 
 
 arboreu.s, 411. 
 
 azareus, 413. 
 
 bi color, 41.5. 
 
 C«///;»-h/chs, 411. 
 
 colubrinus, 418. 
 
 connivens, 416. 
 
 cordulatus, 412. 
 
 cordulatus, 413. 
 
 cordulatus X velutinus, 412. 
 
 crassifolius, 416. 
 
 crassifolius, 416, 417. 
 
 cuneatus, 416. 
 
 cuneatu.i, 416, 417. 
 
 decumbens, 414. 
 
 dentatus, 415. 
 
INDKX. 
 
 483 
 
 dentatus, 4\4. 415. 
 (livaricatus, 412. 
 diverijtns, 417. 
 diversifolius, 414. 
 diuersi/bliiis, 414. 
 eglandulosiis,4l2. 
 elegnns, 415. 
 Fendleri, 413. 
 ferniis, 404. 
 'jiorlhnndus, 415. 
 'foliosas,414. 
 folios us, 415. 
 glaber. 412. 
 glandulosus, 409. 
 Greggii, 416. 
 herbirens, A\0. 
 hirsutus, 414. 
 hirsntus, 414. 
 impressus, 415. 
 ineanus, 412. 
 in/estiis, 419. 
 iiitegerrimus, 411. 
 intef/errimus, 411, 412, 415. 
 inter iiiedius, 410. 
 intricatus, 413. 
 Jepsonii, 417. 
 Itevigatus, 410. 
 Lemmoni, 414. 
 Lobliianus, 415. 
 macrocarpus, 416. 
 juegdcarpus, 416. 
 microphyllus, 410. 
 microphijllus, 410. 
 niolllssimus, 409. 
 Nevadensis, 411. 
 officinalis, 410. 
 olignnthus, 412, 413, 414. 
 Orcnttii, 414. 
 Oreganus, 409. 
 0fH//s, 409. 
 ovatus, 409. 
 I'aliueri, 411. 
 papillosus, 415. 
 papillosits, 415. 
 Parryi, 415. 
 parvifolius, 411. 
 perennis, 410. 
 perplexans, 417. 
 pinelorum, 416, 417. 
 prostratus, 417. 
 jirostratus, 416, 417. 
 pumili(s, 416. 
 reclinatiis, 418. 
 rigidus, 417. 
 rigidits, 415, 416. 
 rugosiis, 417. 
 sanguineus, 409. 
 serpyllifoliu.s, 410. 
 sorediatus, 413. 
 sorediatus, 412, 413, 415. 
 spiuosus, 41 1. 
 spiiiosus, 412, 414. 
 tnrdljiorux, 410. 
 thyrsiflorus, 415. 
 thfirsi floras, 411, 415. 
 tomentosus, 413. 
 trinervus, 410. 
 
 Veitcfiianus, 415. 
 
 velutiuu.H, 410. 
 
 veliUinns, 4 1 1 , 41. 'J, 417. 
 
 verrucosus, 410. 
 
 fe/-n«o,si(.<,41G, 417. 
 
 rest it IIS, 416. 
 Cebatha Curolina, 65. 
 C'edrus Mahogiini, 387. 
 Celandine, 89. 
 
 I'oppv, 89. 
 CELASTKACK/E, 395. 
 Celastrk^, 395. 
 Cela.strus, 395, 398. 
 
 bullatus, 398. 
 
 scandeus, 398. 
 Cerastes, 416. 
 Cera.stiuni, 210, 228. 
 Cvrustiitiii, 228. 
 
 alpinuHi, 231. 
 
 a/pinum, 231. 
 
 apricum, 230. 
 
 arvense, 230. 
 
 «ri;eHse, 230, 231. 
 
 liierin'/idDiiiii, 2'U. 
 
 hrai-livpoduni. 229. 
 
 hrartr'.itum, 2:iO. 
 
 crdsliuidis, -I'M. 
 
 ciiiuialuin, 229. 
 
 dir/iutoiiiKin, 230. 
 
 Flsrheridniim, 231. 
 
 fulviiin, 229. 
 
 (floiiumtiim, 229. 
 
 'i/raiule, 229. 
 
 '/lirsiiliim, 229, 231. 
 
 h>/hridnm, 230. 
 
 la mil II in, 231. 
 
 /a///;-//«w, 231. 
 
 /o/«/>' pedunctdatitm, 230. 
 
 maxiinum, 229. 
 
 iiutaii.><, 230. 
 
 /,,(^(/^s■, 229, 230. 
 
 ohIoiHii/olium, 230, 231. 
 
 / V» H.s y /lY/n /cm w , 230. 
 
 piliisiim, 230, 231. 
 
 rigidiim, 231. 
 
 soinidecandrum, 229. 
 
 seinidecandium, 229. 
 
 .sericeum, 230. 
 
 stellar ioides, 231. 
 
 Texanum, 228. 
 
 trigvnum, 231. 
 
 triviale, 229. 
 veliUinum, 231. 
 
 villosum, 231. 
 
 viscosura, 229. 
 risrosum, 229. 
 vulgatum, 229. 
 vii/i/iitiim. 229,231. 
 riiiliil,rl>il.nis, 451. 
 Cli(im<ipliiiiii, 137. 
 Cliarlock, 133. [293. 
 
 CIIEIUANTIIODF.NDKE.T':. 
 Cheiranthodendron. 294. 
 Calif'oniirum, 294. 
 Cheiranihns. 142, 1.50,469. 
 <(.s-p;, 143, 144. 
 capitatus, 144. 
 
 hegprridoidt*, 1 .50. 
 
 AUnzieaii. 152. 
 
 urcidentnlis, 144. 
 
 y'.,//<iA,V, 145. 
 
 pijijuiiius, 145. 
 ChelKiiileiiion, 2'J4. 
 Chelidoniuin, K4, H9. 
 
 dipkylinm, H'i. 
 
 (jt.inrinm, 90. 
 
 inajiu*. 89. 
 ClterUnn dirrnnoidft, 237. 
 ("hickt-n (;rap.-, 424. 
 Cliirkw.-.Ml. li.IJ. 
 
 Chili r.-i)iMT, ;{si. 
 
 Cliina-trcc, 3«7. 
 Cliinese Sumach, 378. 
 Cliilmiia, 352. 
 Chittainwood, 382. 
 CliiJC<jlate-tree, 339. 
 Choisya,370, 371. 
 
 dun)o.sa, 372. 
 
 teriinlii, .372. 
 Christniiw Kost-, 42. 
 C/iri/samp/iora ('idifurnica, 466. 
 Chri/seis, 90. 
 
 Culiforniai, 91. 
 
 ar.sjiilosii, 91. 
 
 CoiiijKirlil, 90. 
 
 iJoni/lasii, 91. 
 
 hiipiroides, 91. 
 
 teniiil'i'lla, 91. 
 Chri/soriipiios, 95. 
 Chrijsocuptis, 4 1 . 
 
 aspliniP'lin, 42. 
 
 0<</</.H/u/<«, 41. 
 C/iryza, 41. 
 
 borealis, 41. 
 Cienfneifia, 337. 
 Cieiifuegusia, 297. .337. 
 
 Iictcroi.liylla. .338. 
 
 sulphurea, 337. 
 Ciinicifuga. 3, 53. 
 
 Americana, 54. 
 
 ..•1/H<'C/C((H«, 55. 
 
 Arizoiiica, 54. 
 
 rordi/'ulia, 55. 
 
 D.ih'iirlca. 54. 
 
 elata, .54. 
 
 fa-tida, .54. 
 
 Japnnica, 54. 
 
 laciniata, 54. 
 
 jHilmiita, 18. 
 
 ptidiiritrpa, 54. 
 
 racemosa, 54. 
 
 serfifiiliiriii, 54. 
 
 simplex, 54. 
 Cimici/ugea, 2, 3. 
 CissiimiHlos smihicina, 65, 66. 
 Ciissus, 420. 430. 
 CVssi/.<. 430. 
 
 acida, 4.30. 
 
 Ami>olopsis, 4.30. 
 
 hipiiimitii, 430. 
 
 hi'dinirf II, 4.31. 
 
 incisa. 4.30. 
 
 orieiitalis, 430. 
 
 AW/iru/i(i, 431. 
 
484 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 diffu 
 Esch 
 
 sicyoides, 431. 
 
 staus, 430. 
 CIST AC E^, 189, 474. 
 Cistus, 189. 
 
 Carolinianus, 191. 
 
 con/mbosus, 190. 
 Citron, 376. 
 Citrus, 371,376. 
 
 Aurantiuin, 376. 
 
 Binarradia, 376. 
 
 vulgaris, 376. 
 Claytonia, 263, 270. 
 Claytonia, 271. 
 
 acutijlora, 127. 
 
 acutifolia, 272. 
 
 alslnoides, 273. 
 
 ambigua, 270. 
 
 aqitafica, 275. 
 
 arctica, 272. 
 
 arctica, 271, 272. 
 
 arenicola, 274. 
 
 asarif'oUa, 273. 
 
 Bodini, 272. 
 
 bulbifera, 273. 
 
 Caroliuiana, 271. 
 
 Caroliniana, 271. 
 
 Chamissoi, 272, 275. 
 
 Chamissonis, 275, 277. 
 
 cordifolia, 273. 
 
 Cubensis, 274. 
 
 dicholoma, 276, 277. 
 r«sa, 276. 
 •"jschscholtzii, 272. 
 
 exigua, 275. 
 
 JilicauUs, 276. 
 
 flagellaris, 276. 
 
 grandijiora, 271. 
 
 gifpsophiloides, 275. 
 
 /fo//i7, 277. 
 
 Joanneana, 272. 
 
 Joanniana, 272. 
 
 lanceolata, 271. 
 
 latifolia, 271. 
 
 lineai-is, 276. 
 
 megarrhiza, 272. 
 
 Nei;adensis, 273. 
 
 nubigena, 275. 
 
 parviflora, 274. 
 
 parv'ifolia, 275, 276. 
 
 perfoliata, 274, 275. 
 
 sarmentosa, 272, 276. 
 
 saxvsa, 274. 
 
 Sibirica, 272, 273. 
 
 Simsii, 271. 
 
 spathulivfolid, 271. 
 
 spathulata, 271, 274, 275, 
 
 spatuUe/olia, 271. [276 
 
 spatulti'a, 271. 
 
 stolonifera, 275. 
 
 tennifolia, 275. 
 
 tripfii/lla, 269. 
 tuberosa, 272. 
 umbellata, 271. 
 T.^nalasr/densis, 273. 
 Virginica, 271. 
 Virglnica, 271,273. 
 Cleistanoda, 321. 
 
 CLEMATIDE.E, 1. 
 
 Clematis, 1, 4,461. 
 Addisouii, 5, 461. 
 alpiua, 8, 462. 
 alpina, 8, 9. 
 Bakhvinii, 7. 
 Bigelovii, 6, 462. 
 Catesbyaua, 4. 
 coccinea, 6. 
 C'oloradoensis, 6. 
 Columbiana, 8. 
 cordata, 4, 6, 7, 461. 
 cordifolia, 4. 
 crispa, 7. 
 crispu, 6, 461. 
 cylindrica, 7. 
 aioica, 4, 5. 
 distorta, 7. 
 divaricdta, 7. 
 Douglasii, 8, 462. 
 Douglasii, 462. 
 Drummondii, 5. 
 Jili/era, 6. 
 Jlore-crisjio, 7. 
 Fremoutii, 7. 
 hirsutissima, 9. 
 holosericea, 4. 
 integrifolia, 7. 
 lasiantha, 5. 
 ligusticifolia, 4. 
 lineariloba, 7. 
 nervatd, 5. 
 ochroleuca, 7, 462. 
 ochroleuca, 7. 
 orata, 6, 7. 
 Palmeri, 6. 
 parviflora, 5. 
 pauoiflora, 5. 
 Pitcheri, 6, 461. 
 Pitrheri, 6. 
 Plukenetii, 4. 
 Psetido-Atragene, 9. 
 reticulata, 6. 
 reticulata, 6. 
 Sargenti, 6. 
 ^cokt;', 8. 
 sericea, 7. 
 Simsii, 6, 7. 
 Suksdorfii, 4, 4G1. 
 Texana, 6. 
 Texensis, 6. 
 verticillaris, 8, 462. 
 Viorna, 5, 461. 
 Viorna, 6, 7. 
 viornioides, 461. 
 Virginiana, 4, 461. 
 Virginica, 4. 
 viticella, 7. 
 Walteri, 7. 
 Wi/etliii, 8. 
 Cleome, 180, 183,473. 
 Cleome, 182. 
 
 arhorea, 181. 
 aurpa, 184. 
 cunci folia, 180. 
 dodecandra, 182. 
 graveolens, 182. 
 
 gynandra, 183. 
 'fteptaph 1/11(1, 183. 
 
 iiiti'gri folia, 183,473. 
 lutea, 184. 
 peutaphylla, 183. 
 pinnata, 179. 
 
 platycarpa, 184. 
 pungens, 183. 
 
 serrulalu, 183. 
 
 Souoraj, 184. 
 
 sparsifolia, 184. 
 
 speciosa, 183. 
 
 spiuosa, 183. 
 
 triphylla, 183. 
 
 uni gland ulosa, 182. 
 
 viscosa, 182. 
 Cleome^,, 180. 
 Cleomella, 180, 184. 
 
 angustifolia, 185. 
 
 brevipe.'!, 185. 
 
 Coulteri, 1 86. 
 
 longipes, 184. 
 
 Mexicana, 184. 
 
 Mexicana, 185. 
 
 obtu.sifolia, 186. 
 
 oijcarpa, 185. 
 
 Palnierana, 186. 
 
 parviflora, 185. 
 
 plocasperma, 185. 
 
 tenuifolia, 185. 
 Cliftouia, 392, 393. 
 
 ligustritia, 393. 
 
 momiphiilla, 393. 
 
 nitida, 393. 
 Climbing Bitter-sweet, 398. 
 Clusia flava, 291. 
 Clypeola, 113. 
 
 alyssoides, 115. 
 
 Caroliniana, 127. 
 
 maritima, 115. 
 Cneoridium, 370, 375. 
 Cneoridium, 377. 
 
 dumosum, 375. 
 Coach-whip, 280. 
 Coccnlidium populifolium, 65. 
 Cocculus, 65. 
 
 Caroliuus, 65. 
 
 diversifolius, 65. 
 
 Indicus, 65. 
 
 oblongi/olius, 65. 
 
 saqtttcefollus, 65. 
 Cochlearia', 103, 145. 
 
 Anglica, 14.5. 
 
 Anglica, 146. 
 
 aqnatica, 146. 
 
 Armoracia, 147. 
 
 Danica, 145. 
 
 fenestrata, 146. 
 
 Groenlandica, 146. 
 
 Grmilandica, 145. 
 
 oblong l/olia, 146. 
 
 officinalis, 145. 
 
 officinalis, 146. 
 
 septentrional is, llOi 
 
 siliquosa, 110. 
 
 spathulata, 110. 
 
 tridactylites, 145. 
 
IXDKX. 
 
 485 
 
 COCHLOSPERME^, 206. 
 
 Coc/ilospermitm, 206. 
 Cockle, 224. 
 Vodonium, 394. 
 
 arborescens, 394. 
 Cohosh, .')5. 
 Coiloplnjltum, 79. 
 Collet in, \\S. 
 
 ilisperma, 419. 
 
 in/'csta, 419. 
 
 viultijiora, 419. 
 
 CoLLETIE-*;, 402. 
 
 Colubriua, 402, 418. 
 
 Americana, 418. 
 
 ferruginea, 418. 
 
 ferruginosa, 418. 
 
 iH/e.s/(/, 419. 
 
 rediuata, 418. 
 
 Texeusi.s, 418. 
 Columbine, 42. 
 Colza, 133. 
 Common Chickweed, 232. 
 
 Mallow, 298. 
 
 Mou.se-ear Chickweed, 229. 
 
 Purslane, 263. 
 
 Sumach, 384. 
 
 Winter Cress, 149. 
 Condalia, 402. 
 
 feirea, 404. 
 
 'lycioides, 403. 
 
 IMexicana, 403. 
 
 obovata, 403. 
 
 obtusifolia, 403. 
 
 Parryi, 403. 
 
 spatlmlata, 403. 
 Comlaliopsis, 403. 
 Conoimorpha, 214. 
 Coiiosilene, 214. 
 Conringia, 102, 134, 469. 
 
 orieutalis, 134. 
 
 perfoliata, 134, 469. 
 
 Thaliann, 140. 
 Consolida, 4.5. 
 Coptis, 2,41. 
 
 aspleuiifolia, 42. 
 
 asjileni folia, 42. 
 
 laciniata, 42. 
 
 occidentalis, 41. 
 
 ocridcntalis, 42. 
 
 trifolia, 41. 
 Corchorus, 342. 
 
 acutanguhis, 343. 
 
 hirtus, 342. 
 
 olitorius, 343. 
 
 pilolohus, 343. 
 
 siliquosus, 343. 
 
 sili(ptosiis, 343. 
 
 tridens, 343. 
 Corion, 2.')0. 
 
 marinum, 252. 
 Corn Cockle, 228. 
 
 Poppy, 88. 
 Coroniirid, 224, 227. 
 
 FlosciirMli, 227. 
 
 lomentosa, '2'27. 
 Coronopus, 129. 
 
 Coronopus, 130. 
 
 didi/mus, 130. 
 
 JMlii, VM. 
 Condali.s, 93, 90, 407. 
 
 ainl)igna, 96. 
 
 aurea, 97. 
 
 aitrcu, 97,98. 
 
 Bidtvelliie, 90. 
 
 IJraiidegei, 97. 
 
 C'aitailmsis, 94. 
 
 Caseana, 96. 467. 
 
 crystallina, 98. 
 
 Cucidlariii, 95. 
 
 curvisiliijua, 97. 
 
 Cusickii, 96. 
 
 Jhu-idulu, 98. 
 
 "Havula, 98. 
 
 fuimosu, 94, 95. 
 finitjosa, 93. 
 
 ijiiiniited, 96. 
 
 glauca, 97. 
 
 macrophi/lla, 96. 
 
 micraiitiia, 98. 
 
 iiKiiitanii, 97. 
 
 pnoniafoln,, 96. 
 
 ]);uniHura, 96. 
 
 Scouicri, 96. 
 
 sempervirens, 97. 
 
 tenuifolia, 94. 
 CosUea, 392. 
 Cutinus, 381. 
 
 Americanus, 382. 
 
 cotinoides, 382. 
 Cotton, 338. 
 Covillea divaricata, 356. 
 Cow Cress, 126. 
 Cowslips, 39. 
 Cranesbill, 358, 
 Cream-cups, 84. 
 Cremontia, 333. 
 Creosote-plant, 355. 
 Cristariii cocciiiea, 313. 
 Cristatella, 180,181, 473. 
 
 erosa, 181. 
 
 Jamesii, 182, 473. 
 Crocanthemum Caroliuiannm, 
 Crossosoma, 3, 57. [191. 
 
 Bigelovii, 57. 
 
 Californicum, 57. 
 
 Californizum, 57. 
 
 parvi flora, 57. 
 Crowfoot, 20. 
 CUUCIFKU.E, 98,467. 
 Cry modes, 22. 
 Cr'ypta, 281. 
 
 minima, 281. 
 Cuba liast, 337. 
 Ciii-ithaliis araulis, 216. 
 
 /;./-.;<, 214. 
 
 Domjiasii, 223. 
 
 H/ivi(,s-, 216. 
 
 polypelitluA, 216. 
 
 stp'UatnsrlM'-,. 
 Cucullnria, 94, 95. 
 
 hiilbosa, 95. 
 Cucuml)er-trce, 00, 61. 
 Curle.I Mallow. 298. 
 Curly Maple, 439. 
 
 CurrantB, 68. 
 CiisicLiii, 1 12. 
 CuHtard .Apple, 62. 
 Vynmns, 74. 
 
 jlarirumiis, 75. 
 
 liilriis, 75. 
 
 firntapfUdiii, 75. 
 
 reuijoimis, 75. 
 Ci/mb<jxtemoii parvijiorttn, 59. 
 (JipiiK-nrdnmum Virfjinicum, 127. 
 ('lIuophalii.phornH. 187. 
 Cy p.selea, 256. 258. 
 
 humifuH!^ 258. 
 Ci/rbasium, l«l. 
 
 erosniii, I HI. 
 
 Jami'sii, 182. 
 Cyrilla, 392. 
 
 Caroitniana, 393. 
 
 fiiscala, 393. 
 
 'parvi/olia, 393. 
 
 polysltirlii/a, 393. 
 
 racemiHora. 393. 
 
 raremosa, 393. 
 ("YKlLLxVCK.K. .392. 
 Cyrlor/,,/i,rfifi. 21), 23. 
 
 Cipnbalariti, 24. 
 
 raiiuiiruliiia, 23. 
 Cysticupno», 96. 
 
 I)<irti/l(ica/)nos, 93. 
 l)ali.)on Hollv. 388. 
 Dame's Violet, 142. 
 Darliiigtonia. 79, 81, 466. 
 
 Califurnica, 81, 466. 
 Datisca hirta, 384. 
 Decurrentes, 458. 
 Delphidium flfiiiosum, 45. 
 Del phi nasi rum, 45. 
 Delphinium, 3, 45, 463. 
 
 Ajacis, 45. 
 
 alpinum, 47. 
 
 Ander.«onii, 48, 463. 
 
 Andersouii, 52. 
 
 apicniatum, 49. 
 
 azureum, 46. 
 
 azurettm, 47, 49. 
 
 Barheiji, 47. 
 
 bicol.tr. 48. 
 
 Jilorhmaiia . 49, 46-3. 
 
 Blorkmana, 463. 
 
 Hurkei. 52. 
 
 Californicum. 47. 
 
 camponim, 46. 
 
 cardinale, 51. 
 
 Caroliniatiiim, 46, 47. 
 
 cocriiii urn, 51 . 
 
 Coliiml'inuum. 51. 
 
 Con.'iolida. 45. 
 
 decorum, 50. 
 
 fAo./HHi, 40, 48,49, 50,51. 
 
 dipiniprratum, 50. 
 
 <listiclium, 49. 
 
 di/ttirfiiim. 52. 
 
 ildtiiw, 47. 
 
 Emilia'. 51. 46.3. 
 
 exaltatum. 40. 
 
 tjalUiliim. 47, 48. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Geyeri, 46. 
 
 glaucum, 47. 
 
 ymndijlorum, 49. 
 
 hesperium, 49. 
 
 hesjitriiim, 463. 
 
 hijhridum, 47. 
 
 leucophaum, 51. 
 
 Meuziesii, .50. 
 
 Menziesii, 48, 49, 50. 
 
 mulicaule, 51. 
 
 Niitiallianiitn, 50. 
 
 Kuttallii, 50. 
 
 occi denude, 47. 
 
 orieittale, 45. 
 
 ornutiim, 49. 
 
 Parishii, 48. 
 
 Parryi, 48. 
 
 patens, 50. 
 
 paucittorum, 50. 
 
 paurijiorum, 50. 
 
 paiiperculnm, 50. 
 
 Penhardi, 46. 
 
 recuivatum, 51, 463. 
 
 sarrophi/lluni, 51. 
 
 scaposuin, 46. 
 
 scojtulorum, 47. 
 
 scopulorum, 47. 
 
 simplex, 49. 
 
 simplex, 46, 49, 51. 
 
 tricorne, 45. 
 
 trirorne, 50. 
 
 tridacti/lum, 47. 
 
 trulliifolium, 48. 
 
 uligiuosum, 46. 
 
 urceolatum, 47. 
 
 variegatum, 49. 
 
 variegatum, 51, 463. 
 
 vimineum, 46. 
 
 virescens, 46. 
 Demidovia, 260. 
 Dendromecon, 83, 86. 
 Dendromecon, 82. 
 
 Jlexllis, 87. 
 
 Harfordii, 87. 
 
 rigida, 86. 
 
 riqida, 87. 
 Dentaria, 104, 153, 470. 
 Dentaria, 156. 
 
 ii/b/ea, 153. 
 
 Californica, 154. 
 
 Callfornica, 155. 
 
 cardiophylla, 155, 470. 
 
 concatenata, 153. 
 
 diphvlla, 153. 
 
 diph'yllu, 1 54. 
 
 dissect a, 153. 
 
 gemmntn, 154. 
 
 heterophylla, 153. 
 
 integrifolia, 155. 
 
 laciniata, 153. 
 
 laciniala, 154. 
 
 macrocarpa, 154. 
 
 maxima, 154. 
 
 vndtijida, 153. 
 
 p.acliystigma, 155. 
 
 tenella, 154. 
 
 tenella, 154. 
 
 tenuifolia, 154. 
 Deptford I'iuk, 211. 
 Descurainia, 136, 137, 138. 
 
 canescens, 139. 
 
 incisa, 139. 
 
 pinnata, 139. 
 
 5o/jA(a, 139. 
 Descurea, 138. 
 Dianthus, 209, 211. 
 
 alpiuus, 211. 
 
 Armeiia, 211. 
 
 armeroides, 212. 
 
 barbatus, 211. 
 
 deltoides, 211. 
 furcaius, 211. 
 
 prolifer, 212. 
 
 repens, 211. 
 
 Saxifragus, 212. 
 Dicentra; 93, 467. 
 
 Cauadeusi.s, 94, 467. 
 
 c'hrysantha, 95. 
 
 Cucullaria, 95. 
 
 eximia, 95. 
 
 eximia, 94. 
 
 formosa, 95. 
 
 ochroleuca, 96, 467. 
 
 pauciflora, 94, 467. 
 
 teimif(jlia, 94. 
 
 uniflora, 94. 
 Dichodon, 231. 
 Didytra, 93, 94. 
 
 bracteosa, 95. 
 
 Canadensis, 94, 95. 
 
 Cucullaria, 95. 
 
 eximia, 94, 95. 
 
 formosa, 95. 
 
 lachenalia- flora, 94. 
 
 tenuifolia, 94. 
 Dictamuus Fraxiuella, 369. 
 Dielijtra, 94. 
 
 Canadensis, 94. 
 
 chrijsantha, 95. 
 
 Cucullaria, 95. 
 
 eximia, 94, 95. 
 
 formosa, 95. 
 
 saccatu, 95. 
 Dilepticum diffusum, 127. 
 
 prcecox, 127. 
 Dipeialia, 188. 
 
 suhnlata, 188. 
 Diphylleia, 67, 72. 
 
 cymosa, 72. 
 
 Grayi, 72. 
 Diplisca elliptica, 418. 
 Diplocalj/x, 394. 
 
 chrysnphylloides, 394. 
 Diplota'xis, 102, 134. 
 
 muralis, 134. 
 
 tenuifolia, 134. 
 Dithvrea, 100, 122. 
 
 Californica, 123. 
 
 Wislizeni, 123. 
 Dodoncea, 433, 441. 
 
 angnstifolia, 441. 
 
 Burmanniana, 441. 
 
 nana, 441. 
 
 Schiediana, 441. 
 
 spa</i!Jafn!,441. 
 
 viscosa, 441. 
 DODON.K.K, 433. 
 Dolophraqma, 238. 
 Draha, 99, 105, 467. 
 
 alpina, 108. 
 
 a/y«;;a, 108, 109, 110, 112. 
 
 androsarea, 109. 
 
 Arabis, 111. 
 
 arabisans, 111. 
 
 arctira, 111. 
 
 asprella, 107. 
 
 asprella, 106. 
 
 aurea, 110 
 
 aureola, 110, 467. 
 
 borealis. 111, 468. 
 
 bracliycarpa, 1 07. 
 
 Breweri, 111, 467. 
 
 Canadensis, 111. 
 
 Caroliniana, 106. 
 
 chrysantlia, 110. 
 
 coiifusa. 111. 
 
 contorta, 111. 
 
 corrugata, 110, 467. 
 
 cori/mbvsa, 109. 
 
 cra'ssifolia, 108, 467. 
 
 crassifolia, 106. 
 
 Crockeri, 112. 
 
 cuneifolia, 107. 
 
 densifoha, 112. 
 
 dentata, 1 12. 
 
 Douglasii, 112. 
 
 eurycarpa, 109. 
 
 fliraulis, 107. 
 
 Fladnizensis, 109. 
 
 glabella. 111. 
 
 glacialis, 112. 
 
 gracilis, 107, 111. 
 
 grandis, 110. 
 
 Henneana, 111. 
 
 hirta. 111. 
 
 Ajrtfl, 110. 
 
 hispidula, 106. 
 
 Howellii, 108. 
 
 hyperborea, 1 1 0. 
 
 incana, 111, 467. 
 
 incana, 111. 
 
 /ac^ea, 109. 
 
 l(tvigata, 135. 
 
 hevipes, 109. 
 
 Lapponira, 109. 
 
 Lemmoni, 108. 
 
 /(//«;, 107. 
 
 wirrantlia, 106. 
 
 micropctala, 108. 
 
 Mogollonica, 107. 
 
 montana, 108. 
 
 muricella, 109. 
 
 nemoralis, 107. 
 
 nemorcsa, 107. 
 
 nivalis, 109, 467. 
 
 oblongata. 111. 
 
 oligosperma, 112. 
 
 pauciflora, 108. 
 
 platijcarpa, 107. 
 
 ramosissima, 111. 
 
 Rmmeriana, 107. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 48; 
 
 rupeslris, 108, 111. 
 
 Hachalinensis, 111. 
 
 Soiioraj, 107. 
 
 Stella ta, 109. 
 
 8teiiol()l)a, 107. 
 
 streptoiarpa, 110. 
 
 sulKsessilis, 109. 
 
 UnaUischkidud, 111. 
 
 uuilatenilis, 106. 
 
 xmilateralis, 112. 
 
 veiitosa, 108. 
 
 verna, 106. 
 \V(t/ileulieri/ii, 109. 
 Dnibiva, 108. 
 DmbclUt, 106, 467. 
 Drymaria, 210, 253. 
 
 conlata, 25.3. 
 
 crassifolia, 254. 
 
 crassijoliii, 254. 
 
 effusa, 254. 
 
 Fciidleri, 2.53. 
 
 yhnnlulosa, 253. 
 
 hul(«teoides, 253. 
 
 holosteoides, 254. 
 
 nodosa, 254. 
 
 polycarpoides, 254. 
 
 spergiiloide.s, 254. 
 
 teuella, 254. 
 
 Veatcliii, 254. 
 
 viscosa, 254. 
 Dryopetalon, 104, 150. 
 
 runcinatuiii, 150. 
 Dri/o/iitaluin, 150. 
 Dutchmau's Breeches, 95. 
 Dwarf xMallow, 298. 
 
 Sumach, 384. 
 Dyer's Rocket, 188. 
 
 Weed, 188. 
 
 Early Winter Cress, 150. 
 Ebrdxis vir/jalti, 215. 
 E/aj>/in'iim,':iSO. 
 ELATINACE^E, 280. 
 Elatine, 281. 
 Elatine, 282. 
 
 Americana, 281. 
 
 brachysperma, 281. 
 
 Califoruica, 282. 
 
 Clinloniana, 281. 
 
 Hydropiper, 282. 
 
 minima, 281. 
 
 Texana, 282. 
 
 triandra, 281. 
 Ekitinclla, 282. 
 Eiidurandia Texana, 337. 
 EUsanthe Drummondii, 225. 
 
 Scouleri, 224. 
 Elk- wood, 61. 
 Ellimia ruderalis, 188. 
 Elodea, 284, 291. 
 
 campanitlata, 291. 
 
 petiolata, 291. 
 
 tubidosa, 291. 
 
 Virqinica, 291. 
 Elodes, 284. 
 
 campanulatit, 291. 
 
 petiolata, 291. 
 
 Virginica, 291. 
 Emelila ramulosa, 389. 
 Em/)leiirosiiiti, 441. 
 Eiidotropis olei folia, 408. 
 Erie ml on, 40. 
 
 hitcruatiun, 40. 
 Enm pta atomaria, 390. 
 
 coriacea, 390. 
 
 nii/ricoidt s, 390. 
 Epapulosa, 261. 
 Epimedium hexandnim, 71. 
 Erantliis, 2, 42. 
 
 hyemalis, 42, 463. 
 Eriorephalns, 10. 
 Krodiuiii, 357, 361. 
 
 H.ilrys, 362. 
 
 Calit'iirnicum, 362. 
 
 ( '(tlifitrnlcum, .362. 
 
 cicoiiium, 362. 
 
 cicutarium, 362. 
 
 macrophylluni, 361. 
 
 malacholdes, 362. 
 
 malacoides, 362. 
 
 moscliatiun, 362. 
 
 Texaniiin, 362. 
 Erophila, 105, 106. 
 
 Americana, 106. 
 
 vulgaris, 106. 
 Erucastrum incanum, 134. 
 Erysimum, 103, 142, 469. 
 En/slmum, 134. 
 
 Alliaria, 134, 135. 
 
 arenicola, 144. 
 
 Ar/cansanum, 144. 
 
 asperum, 143. 
 
 asiierum, 143, 144, 469. 
 
 Barbarea, 149. 
 
 Callforiilriim, 144. 
 
 cajiltatiiiii, 144. 
 
 chciranthoidcs, 143. 
 
 clu'iiiintltoides, 143. 
 
 elaliim, 143. 
 
 gluberrimum, 138. 
 
 fraiidiflurum, 144. 
 icrarifollum, 143. 
 
 inronspicnum, 143. 
 
 insuhire, 144. 
 
 Inticeolatiim, 143. 
 
 lini/htium, 469. 
 
 occidentale, 144. 
 
 ojficirialr, 137. 
 
 nrlcntale, 134. 
 
 parvitloriim, 143, 469. 
 
 parrijlorum, 143. 
 
 per fill iatnm, 134. 
 
 jiiiiiuilnm, 139. 
 
 pumiliim, 144. 
 
 jtygniivum. 145. 
 
 rt'j)an(luin, 143. 
 
 relrofractiiJii, 177. 
 
 si/rticoliim, 143. 
 Eschscholtzia, 84, 90, 467. 
 Esclischoltzia, 82. 
 
 amhigua, 91. 
 
 /lM.s7(«(r. 91. 
 
 ca;spitosa, 91. 
 
 ccrsjiitosa, 92. 
 
 Califonjica, 90. 
 
 Valifornirii, 91. 92. 
 
 Califuruiruui, 90. 
 
 com/Kicta, 90. 
 
 crofv-ri, 90. 
 
 nicullata, 90. 
 
 Pouglusii, 91. 9a. 
 
 t Ugans, 91. 
 
 glaiirii, 90. 
 
 j^lv|)t.isp<Tma, 92. 
 
 h,]l„r„ld,s, 91. 
 
 Lcmnioiii, 92. 
 
 Irfilmidnt, 90. 
 
 maritiiiia, 91. 
 
 .M.xicaiia, 91. 
 
 miniititlora, 92. 
 
 wo(/. .s7,i, 92. 
 
 I'arishii, 92. 
 
 pcninsularis, 91. 
 
 raniosa, 91. 
 
 rlininliiiK-tala, 92. 
 
 tcmiifidia, 92. 
 
 Icuui/olia, 90, 91. 
 
 temtisecta, 90. 
 Esculiis, 446. 
 Euasrulits, 446. 
 EiKili/ssinu, 1 15. 
 Euaiwmone, 9. 
 Euarabis, 160. 
 Encalandrinia, 269. 
 Eucapnos, 95. 
 
 eximius, 95. 
 formosa, 95. 
 Euceanothus, 409. 
 Euclaytonia, 271, 272. 
 Eucleome, 18.3. 
 Euclisia, 168, 470. 
 Euronilalia, 403. 
 Eudianthe, 224. 
 Eu/iibiscus, 333. 
 Eulerhca, 192. 
 Enliuum, 344. 
 Euli/r/,„is, 225. 
 Ei M.\t,VK.»:, 295. 
 Enmelochia, 340. 
 Euoni/moides snmdrns, 3QS, 
 Euoiiymu-s, 395, .396. 
 
 aruminatiis, 397- 
 
 altemifolins, 396. 
 
 Americanus, 396. 
 
 Americanus, 396, S97 
 
 angustifolius, 396. 
 
 atropiirpuren.s .397: 
 
 alrofnirpurens, 397. 
 
 Curolineiisis. 397. 
 
 ciiuiatus, 397. 
 
 Eiirojianis, 397. 
 
 htt,n,,,luillu$, 397. 
 
 mnricntus, 396. 
 
 ohovatu.x. 397. 
 
 <Mcidontali.>i, 397. 
 
 Tarishii. 397. 
 
 sarmeittnsus, 396. 
 
 sempirvirens, 396. 
 Euranunniliis, 24. ■ 
 Euro|)oan Barl>crry, 68. 
 
 Columbine, 42. 
 
488 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Lime, 343. 
 Euryanthe Sckiedeana, 207. 
 Eusapindits, 444. 
 Eusilene, 214. 
 Eusisynibrium, 137. 
 Eustellaria, 232. 
 Eiistreptanlhus, 168, 470. 
 Euthehipodiu m, 174. 
 Eutrema, 102, 135, 
 Eutrema, 140. 
 
 arenicola, 136. 
 
 Eilwardsii, 135. 
 
 Esflisclioltziauuni, 135. 
 
 Labradoricum, 135. 
 
 Rossii, 146. 
 Euvitis, 421. 
 Evanoda, 319. 
 Evening Lychnis, 227. 
 Everbearing Grape, 421. 
 Exotliea, 4:53, 444. 
 
 oblongifolia, 445. 
 
 paniculata, 445. 
 
 Fagara, 374. 
 
 Caroliniana, 374. 
 
 coriacea, 375. 
 
 /«WT, 375. 
 
 fraxinifoUa, 374. 
 
 lentiscifolia, 374. 
 
 Pterota, 374. 
 Fagouia, 353, 355. 
 
 Californica, 355. 
 
 Cal/fornica, 355. 
 Fall Grape, 425. 
 False Flax, 131. 
 
 Mallow, 308. 
 
 Mermaid, 363. 
 Farsetia, 114. 
 
 incana, 468. 
 Fetid Buckeye, 446. 
 
 Hellebore, 42. 
 Firaria, 20. 
 FICOIDE.E, 256. 
 Fire Pink, 217. 
 Firmiana platanifoUa, 339. 
 Flamnuda, 4. 
 Flax, 344. 
 Flcerkea, 358, 363. 
 
 alba, 364. 
 
 alba, 364. 
 
 Douglasii, 364. 
 
 lacustris, 363. 
 
 Macounii, 363. 
 
 palustris, 363. 
 
 proserpinacoides, 363. 
 
 rosea, 364. 
 
 uliginosa, 363. 
 
 versicolor, 364. 
 Flowering Wintergreen, 453. 
 Flo\ver-of-anhour, 336. 
 Forsellesia, 400. 
 
 Nevadensis, 401. 
 
 spinescens, 400. 
 Fouquiera, 280. 
 Fouquieria, 279, 280. 
 
 spinosa, 280. 
 
 spinosa, 280. 
 
 splendens, 280. 
 Fox Grape, 429. 
 Frangida, 406, 407. 
 
 Californica, 408. 
 
 Caroliniana, 407. 
 fragdis, 407. 
 
 Purshiana, 408. 
 Fraukenia, 207. 
 
 Bertereana, 208. 
 
 grandifolia, 207. 
 
 grand ijolia, 208. 
 
 Jamesii, 208. 
 
 latifolia, 207. 
 
 Palmeri, 208. 
 
 pulverulenta, 208. 
 FRANKENLVCE^E, 207. 
 Frankiinia, 293. 
 
 Ahamaha, 293. 
 Freniontia, 294. 
 
 Californica, 294. 
 Frenwntodendron Californicum, 
 French Weed, 123. [294. 
 
 Fringed Polvgala, 453. 
 Fro.st Grape', 422, 424. 
 Frost-weed, 190. 
 Fugosia, 337. 
 
 Drummondii, 337. 
 
 heterophglla, 338. 
 
 sidfurea, 337. 
 Fnmaria, 93. 
 
 aurea, 97. 
 
 Cucullaria, 95. 
 
 eximia, 95. 
 
 Jlacnla, 98. 
 formosa, 95. 
 
 fungosa, 93. 
 
 glauca, 97. 
 
 officinalis, 93. 
 
 pallida, 95. 
 
 paucijiora, 96. 
 
 rec/a, 93. 
 
 sempervirens, 97. 
 FUMARLVCE^, 92, 467. 
 
 Gaissenia verna, 40. 
 Galphimia, 350, 351. 
 
 angustifolia, 351. 
 
 lini folia, 351. 
 Ganshlum, 106. 
 Garden Cress, 126. 
 
 Poppy, 88. 
 Gastrosilene, 214. 
 Gastrostgla, 375. 
 Gayoide's, 330. 
 GERANIACE^, 357. 
 Geranie^, 357. 
 Geranium, 357, 358, 363. 
 
 albiflornm, 359. 
 
 atrum, 360. 
 
 Bickmllii, 360. 
 
 caspitose, 360. 
 
 caespitosum, 359. 
 
 Carolinianum, 360. 
 
 colunibinuni, 360. 
 
 dissectum, 360. 
 
 dissect urn, 361. 
 
 erianthum, 358. 
 
 erianthnn, 359. 
 
 Freniontii, 359. 
 
 Fremontii, 359, 360. 
 
 Ilernandezii, 359. 
 
 Ilookerianum, 359. 
 
 incisum, 359. 
 
 inodorum, 361. 
 
 lanuguiostim, 360. 
 
 maculatum, 358. 
 
 7naculutum, 359. 
 
 Mexicanum, 359. 
 
 moUe, 361. 
 
 parviHorum, 361. 
 
 pentagijuum, 359. 
 
 pilosuni, 360. 
 
 pusillum, 361. 
 
 Pyrenaicum, 361. 
 
 retrorsum , 360. 
 
 Richardsonii, 359. 
 
 Robertianum, 361. 
 
 rotuudifolium, 361. 
 
 Sibiricum, 360. 
 
 viscosissimiim, 359. 
 Girtanneria alnifolin, 407. 
 
 fraiiguloides, 407. 
 Githago,'2'2S. 
 
 seqetum, 228. 
 G/a6ra, 436. 
 Glade Mallow, 307. 
 Glaucium, 84, 90. 
 Glaucium, 82. 
 
 Jlavum, 90. 
 
 Glaucium, 90. 
 
 luteum, 90. 
 Glinus, 256, 258. 
 Glinus, 257. 
 
 Cambessidesii, 258. 
 
 dictammiides, 258. 
 
 lotoides, 258. 
 
 lotoides, 258. 
 
 radiatus, 258. 
 Globe-flower, 40. 
 Glossopetalon, 396, 400. 
 
 meionandriim, 401. 
 
 Nevadense, 401. 
 
 spinescens, 400. 
 Glossopetalwn, 400. 
 Gobernadora, 355. 
 Golden-seal, 56. 
 Gold-thread, 41. 
 Gowiio, 337. 
 Gordonia, 292. 
 Gordotiia, 293. 
 
 Altamaha, 293. 
 
 Franklini, 293. 
 
 Lasianthus, 293. 
 
 Lasyanthus, 293. 
 
 pubescens, 293. 
 
 pyramidalis, 293. 
 Gordoniew, 291. 
 Gossvpium, 297, 338. 
 
 Barbadense, 338. 
 
 herbaceum, 338. 
 
 reliqiosnm, 338, 
 
 Thnrberi, 338. 
 Gouania, 402, 419. 
 
 Domingensis, 419. 
 
iNi)i;x. 
 
 •ISU 
 
 GOUANIE^, 402. 
 Grape-viue, 420. 
 Great Cliickweed, 236. 
 Green Hellebore, 42. 
 Greeresia cleisocah/x, 331. 
 Gre<,'gia, 103, 142," 469. 
 
 eainpurum, 142, 469 
 
 aim/iiintm, 469. 
 
 lineari folia, 142. 
 Greniera JJoufjIasii, 244. 
 
 tenella, 244. 
 Guaiacitliuin, 356. 
 Guaiacuin, 353, 356. 
 
 angustifolium, 356. 
 
 Coultcri, 356. 
 
 parrijblittm, 356. 
 
 Phmchoni, 356. 
 
 sanctum, 356. 
 
 Sloanei, 356. 
 
 verticale, 356. 
 Guajacuin, 356. 
 Gum Guaiacum, 356. 
 Gumbo Limbo, 380. 
 GU TriFEK.E, 291. 
 Gyminda, 395, 398. 
 GymituUi, 399. 
 
 Grisebachii, 399. 
 Gymnogonia, 183. 
 Gynandropsts, 183. 
 
 palmipes, 183. 
 
 pentaphijlla, 183. 
 
 speciosa, 183. 
 
 trii>hi//la, 183. 
 Gvpsophila, 209, 212. 
 (/ypsop/tild, 213. 
 
 muralis, 212. 
 
 paniculata, 212. 
 
 Haenkea, 398. 
 Halinnthus, 238. 
 Ha/odes, 23. 
 Hard Maple, 438. 
 Ilannala, 355. 
 Heartsea.se, 204. 
 Heartseed, 443. 
 Hebeandra, 460. 
 Hehecarpa, 449. 
 Hebeclada, 450. 
 Hedera nrborea, 430. 
 
 r/ninque folia, 431. 
 Hedge Mustard, 136, 137. 
 Helianthemum, 189, 474. 
 Ileliant/iemum, 192. 
 
 Aldersonii, 191. 
 
 arenicola, 190, 474. 
 
 Canadense, 190, 474. 
 
 Camtdense, 190. 
 
 capitatum, 190. 
 
 Caroliniaiium, 190. 
 
 corvnil)osiiiii, 190. 
 
 co/7///i/io.s»//(, 190. 
 
 Grccuei, 191. 
 
 majus, 190. 
 
 Na,shi, 190, 474. 
 
 occidi'utale, 191. 
 
 polifoliiim, 190. 
 
 ramulijlorum, 190. 
 
 rosmarinifulinin, 190. 
 
 sc'oparium, 191. 
 Helielta, 370, 372. 
 
 parvifulia, 372. 
 IIei.i.kboiik.k, 2. 
 Helleborus, 2. 42. 
 
 fa'tidu.s, 42. 
 
 hi/i'iii<dis, 42. 
 
 niger, 42. 
 
 trifolins, 41. 
 
 viridi.s, 42. 
 Hepatica, 1, 13. 
 
 acuta, 14. 
 
 acutiloba, 14. 
 
 .^1/H('ri'ca;ia, 14. 
 
 Ilepatica, 14. 
 
 triloba, 13. 
 Herb Hol)ert, 361. 
 Herbemoiit, 428. 
 Hercules Club, 374. 
 Hermanuia, 339. 
 
 pauciHora, 340. 
 
 Te.xaua, 339. 
 Hekm.vxxik.i:, 339. 
 Herodium, 362. 
 llesperakea, 307. 
 
 malarhroidis, 307. 
 Ilespprii/aiit/iiis, 174. 
 Hesperis, 103, 142. 
 
 Hooker i, 145. 
 
 matroiialis, 142. 
 
 matronulis, 174. 
 
 Menzirsii, 152. 
 
 w/;iima, 145. 
 
 P(///(/.s//, 143, 145. 
 
 pinnatijidd, 150. 
 
 pyi/iiKia, 145. 
 
 sca/iiqera, 152. 
 Hcsperolinon, 344, 348. 
 Ileterodnilia, 106. 
 
 unilateyalis, 106. 
 Heteromeris, 189. 
 
 cymosa, 190. 
 
 poll folia, 190. 
 HeUrothrix, 178. 
 HiBiscE.E, 297. 
 Hibi.scus, 297, 333. 
 
 aculeatus, 335. 
 
 ulthea-folius, 333. 
 
 afjuatirus, 336. 
 
 liancrof\innus, 333. 
 
 bl septus, 3;)4. 
 
 Viilifornicus, 335. 
 
 cardiophyllus, 334. 
 
 Carolinianus, 336. 
 
 cocci)ieus, 336. 
 
 Collinsiamt, ,336, 337. 
 
 Coultcri. 334. 
 
 cli/pe„tus, 333. 
 
 deiiu.latus, 334. 
 
 Wa/((.s-, .337. 
 
 escnlentus, .337. 
 
 Fl,iriilat,us, 333. 
 
 funellatus, 335. 
 
 graiidiriorus. 335. 
 
 (jnindiflonis, 335. 
 
 hastatus, 336. 
 
 incanuH, .3.36. 
 
 /./ i/.v, .336. 
 
 lai«i<M-ar]><M, .'i.3.'t. 
 
 lasiorurpun, .335. 
 
 Maniliot, .•W7. 
 
 militurit, .336. 
 
 Mowheiit<»H, .3.35. 
 
 Mosr/ititlos. .335, .33& 
 
 pallidus, 330. 
 
 pidmtris, .'1.35, 3.16. 
 
 pentasiHrrmiis, .3.3.3. 
 
 •/'"■/'/".'/". 333. 
 
 jtojiulitruM, .3.37. 
 
 ribi/olius, 334. 
 
 rifHiriug, 336. 
 
 UosaSinensiH, 336. 
 
 roseus, 3.36. 
 
 scalier, .3.35. 
 
 semilolxiliis, 336. 
 
 smilacifolius, 3.33. 
 
 8j>eriosus, 336. 
 
 «/^»ni'/er, 331. 
 
 Syriacus, .3.34. 
 
 tiliaceus, .337. 
 
 triouum, 336. 
 
 trunratus, 333. 
 
 tubijiorus, 333. 
 
 Vinjiiticus, 3.33, .336. 
 l/lerop/iifllits Cd.ssiiit, 389. 
 High .Mallow, 298. 
 llirioi ASTAXK.t;, 4.34. 
 //ilijiiiiastaniim, 446. 
 Hippocratea, 396, 401. 
 
 ovata, 401. 
 HiPPOCKATK.K, .396. 
 Hiraja, 350, 351. 
 
 macroptera, 35 1 . 
 
 sepleutrioiinlis, .35 1. 
 Hog I'lum, 381, .394. 
 Hoiacantha, 377,379. 
 
 Emorvi, 379. 
 Holly, 388. 
 Ilolopetalum, 188. 
 Holosteum, 209, 228. 
 
 succulentuui, 232. 
 
 nmbellatum, 228. 
 Ilonckenya, 238. 
 
 oblowiif'lia, 239. 
 Ilonkeni.o,' i.iS. 
 
 peploidis, 238, 239. 
 Hop-tree, 372. 
 Horned l*opj)y, 90. 
 Horse-idiestHUt, 446. 
 Horse-radish, 146. 
 Horsfonlia, 296, 318. 
 
 alata, 318. 
 
 Ncwl>errvi, 318. 
 Hu<lsonia, 189. 191, 474. 
 
 ericoidcs, 191. 
 
 ericoidts, 191. 
 
 montana, 191, 474. 
 
 yullatlii, 191. 
 
 tomentosa, 191. 
 Ilunnrmiinnia, 84. 
 
 HlNVKMAXM.K, 84. 
 
 Hmitsinairs Cup, SO. 
 llutchinsia calycma, 136. 
 
490 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 procumbens, 1.31. 
 Hybuntlius, 205. 
 Hydrastis, 3, 56. 
 liydraslis, 18. 
 
 Canadensis, 56. 
 
 Canadensis, 18. 
 
 Carolinensis, 18. 
 Hydroi)eltis, 74. 
 
 pulla, 74. 
 
 purpurea, 74. 
 Hydrophyllum veruin, 56. 
 Hymenolobect, 131. 
 Hymenolubus, 130. 
 
 divaricatus, 131. 
 
 erect us, 131. 
 
 pubens, 131. 
 Hvpelate, 434, 445. 
 Jiypelate, 445. 
 
 paniculatn, 445. 
 
 trifuliata, 445. 
 HYPKRICACE.E, 282. 
 Hypericum, 283, 284. 
 ilyperkum, 283, 284. 
 
 acutifolium, 288. 
 
 adpressum, 287. 
 
 adpressum, 287. 
 
 ambiyuum, 286. 
 
 amcenum, 286. 
 
 auagalloides, 289. 
 
 anayalloides, 290. 
 
 angulosum, 288. 
 
 ascyroides, 285, 286. 
 
 Ascvron, 284. 
 
 uspalathoidi-s, 286. 
 
 aureum, 286. 
 
 axillare, 286, 291. 
 
 BonapartecF, 287. 
 
 boreale, 290. 
 
 bracteatum, 289. 
 
 Buckleii, 285. 
 
 Buckleyi, 286. 
 
 campanulatum, 291. 
 
 Canadense, 290. 
 
 Canadense, 290. 
 
 cistifolium, 287. 
 
 cistifolium, 287. 
 
 concinnum, 289. 
 
 corymbosum, 288. 
 
 deusiflorum, 285. 
 
 densiftorum, 285. 
 
 dolabriforme, 287. 
 
 Drummondii, 290. 
 
 elatum, 284. 
 
 ellipticum, 287. 
 
 emarginatum, 291. 
 
 fasciculatum, 286. 
 
 fasciculatum, 285, 286. 
 
 fastiyiatum, 287. 
 
 formosum, 289. 
 
 formosum, 289. 
 
 frondosum, 286. 
 
 galioides, 286. 
 
 galioides, 285, 286. 
 
 gentianoides, 291. 
 
 glaucum, 286. 
 
 graveolens, 289. 
 
 gyinnanthum, 290. 
 
 gymnanthum, 290. 
 'tied y(jti folium, 288. 
 Japoiucum, 289, 290. 
 Kaliiiiauuin, 285. 
 Kalmiaiiuiii, 285. 
 Lasiaiil/ius, 293. 
 lobocarpuni, 285. 
 labor arpum, 285, 286. 
 macrocarpum, 285. 
 luaoulatuni, 288. 
 iiiiijns, 290. 
 mirrantltum, 288. 
 niicrosepaluin, 284. 
 microsepalum, 283. 
 Moranense, 290. 
 niutilum, 289. 
 juutilnm, 289, 290. 
 niyrtifoliuin, 286. 
 ni'tidum, 286. 
 nudicaule, 290. 
 uudifioruni, 287. 
 opacuni, 287. 
 paludosum, 291. 
 parvijlorum, 289. 
 pauciflorum, 290. 
 perforatum, 288. 
 perforatum, 289. 
 petiolatum, 291. 
 pilosum, 288. 
 procumbens, 287. 
 prolificum, 285. 
 prolijicum, 285, 286. 
 punctatum, 288. 
 punctulosum, 287. 
 pyramidatum, 285. 
 (juinquenervium, 289. 
 rosmarinifolium, 285, 286, 
 Sarothra, 291. [287. 
 
 Scouleri, 289. 
 sessilijlorum, 286. 
 setosum, 284, 288, 291. 
 simplex, 288. 
 spheerocarpon, 287. 
 sphcerocarpum, 287. 
 stellar ioides, 289. 
 tetrapetalum, 284. 
 thesiifolium, 290. 
 tripllnerve, 284. 
 tubulosum, 291. 
 virgatum, 288. 
 Virginicum, 291. 
 Virginicum, 288. 
 
 /Aeris, 123. 
 Ice Plant, 261. 
 /(//•/a, 280. 
 Ilex, 388. 
 
 CBstivalis, 389. 
 
 ambigua, 389. 
 
 a>n/)/7«a,390. 
 
 Amclanchier, 390. 
 
 Amelanchicr, 390. 
 
 angustifolia. 389. 
 
 Canadensis, 391. 
 
 Caroliniana, 389. 
 
 Cnssenn, 389. 
 
 Cassine, 388. 
 
 Cassine, 388, 389. 
 
 cassinoides, 389. 
 
 coriacea, 390. 
 
 L)uhuon, 388, 389. 
 
 decidua, 389. 
 
 decidua, 39 1 . 
 
 delicatula, 391. 
 
 rfMi/a, 390. 
 
 Fluridana, 389. 
 
 glabra, 390. 
 
 la;vigata, 391. 
 
 lanceolata, 391. 
 
 laurifolia, 389. 
 
 ligustrifoha, 389. 
 
 ligustrina, 389. 
 
 lougipes, 389. 
 
 lucida, 390. 
 
 mollis, 390. 
 
 montana, 390. 
 
 monticola, 390. 
 
 monticola, 390. 
 
 Myrsinites, 398. 
 
 myrtifolia, 389. 
 
 opaca, 388. 
 
 prinoides, 389. 
 
 Prionites, 389. 
 
 quercifolia, 388. 
 
 ramulosa, 389. 
 
 religiosa, 389. 
 
 rosmarinifolia, 389. 
 
 verticillata, 391. 
 
 verticlllata, 391. 
 
 yomitoria, 389. 
 TFrt^son/ana, 389. 
 Ilicioidts, 391. 
 
 mucronata, 391. 
 Illicium, 58. 
 
 Floridanum, 59. 
 
 parvifiorum, 59. 
 Impatiens, 358, 368. 
 
 aurea, 369. 
 
 biflora, 369. 
 
 /«/('a, 369. 
 
 macnlata, 369. 
 
 nolitangere, 369. 
 
 nolitangere, 369. 
 
 pallida, 369. 
 Indian Chickweed, 257. 
 
 Mallows, 327. 
 
 Physic, 60. 
 Ingenhouzia, 297, 338. 
 
 triloba, 338. 
 Inkberry, 390. 
 lodanthus, 104, 1.50. 
 
 hesperidoides, 150. 
 
 linearifolius, 174. 
 
 pinnatifidus, 150. 
 lonidium, 195, 205, 475. 
 
 concolor, 204. 
 
 fruticulosum, 205. 
 
 gracile, 205. 
 
 lineare, 205. 
 
 parictariicfolium, 205. 
 
 polygalffifolium, 205, 475. 
 
 riparium, 205. 
 
 Sprengelianum, 204. 
 
 stipulareum, 205. 
 
IXDKX. 
 
 4'Jl 
 
 strlctum, 204. 
 
 Krameria, 449. 
 
 Isomeric, 180, 181. 
 
 Knmlieuia, 22. 
 
 :irlK)rea, 181. 
 
 ('i,oli;ia'. 23. 
 
 /.■«>j,/,,//(nm, 28;!, 284. 
 
 Iiijstiicida, 22. 
 
 Drummondii, 284. 
 
 
 Isopynim, 2, 40. 
 
 Larathia Jtorida, 293. 
 
 "biteriiatuin, 40. 
 
 l.ace-p«d, 114. 
 
 Clarhti, 41. 
 
 Iaiiii/)! lia, 257. 
 
 Ilallii, 41. 
 
 Lundnkiii, 431. 
 
 occideutale, 40. 
 
 /.</m/-//,431. 
 
 stipitatum, 41. 
 
 Larhrc'i, 232. 
 
 thuticlroides, 40. 
 
 ai/iiulini, 232. 
 
 tri folium, 41. 
 
 uliiiinosa, 234, 235. 
 
 Ilea Vyrilla, 393. 
 
 Lardizubaleih, 66. 
 
 
 Larkspur, 45. 
 
 Jacksonia, 182. 
 
 Larrea, 3.53, 355. 
 
 Jamaica Sumach, 382. 
 
 dirarirala, 356. 
 
 Jaiiiisia, :\:a), 351. 
 
 Illiilniosa, 355. 
 
 Califuniica, 351. 
 
 Mcxicana, 355. 
 
 gracilis, 351. 
 
 Mesiraiia, 356. 
 
 Japanese Creeper, 431. 
 
 trideulula, 356. 
 
 Ivy, 431. 
 
 Lasianthns, 293. 
 
 Jeffcrsotiia, 67. 71. 
 
 Laurel, 59. 
 
 linrtimis, 72. 
 
 Luunis Winterana, 206. 
 
 l.inata, 71. 
 
 Lavatera, 295, 299. 
 
 dii>/,yl!a, 71,72. 
 
 arvrlfolia, 299. 
 
 duhia, 71. 
 
 assurgeulitlora, 299. 
 
 lohatii, 72. 
 
 iusularis, 300. 
 
 odiiraht, 1'2. 
 
 occidentalis, 300. 
 
 Jew.-l-weed, 368. 
 
 tiiimsliis, 299. 
 
 Jointed Cliarlock, 132. 
 
 vcnosa, 300. 
 
 Jtdiuna, 372. 
 
 Leather Howcr, 5. 
 
 
 Leather-leaf Grape, 429. 
 
 Kale, 133. 
 
 Lcavenworthia, 104, 152. 
 
 Kcdislntmia, 353, 354. 
 
 aurea, 152. 
 
 hrarlii/stylis, 354. 
 
 aurea, 153. 
 
 Ca/i/bniica, 354. 
 
 Miciiauxii, 152. 
 
 rjrandijiora, 355. 
 
 Mirhauxii, 152. 
 
 mii.rima, 354. 
 
 stylosa, 152. 
 
 Kiiiiipiudiinia f'raxinifolia, 374. 
 
 torulosa, 152. 
 
 Karwiiiskia, 402, 40.5. 
 
 unljiora, 152. 
 
 (ij/i Ill's, 405. 
 
 Lechea. 189, 192, 474. 
 
 hiiii flora, 405. 
 
 divaricata, 192. 
 
 (/Idiidnlosn, 405. 
 
 Drummondii, 194. 
 
 lluniliuldtiaua, 405. 
 
 IhHmimmdii, 192. 
 
 Ketmia, 334. 
 
 intermedia, 193, 474. 
 
 KitaiMia, 295. 
 
 juniperina, 474. 
 
 Koeberliuia, 377, 379. 
 
 Loggettii. 193. 
 
 spinosa, 379. 
 
 major, 192. 
 
 Kohlrabi, 133. 
 
 wia/w, 190. 
 
 Konig, 115. 
 
 maritima, 192. 
 
 Konlya, 115. 
 
 minor, 192. 
 
 miiritima, 115. 
 
 w/nor, 192, 193. 
 
 Kosti'letzkva, 297, 332. 
 
 mucronata, 192. 
 
 alt licei folia, 333. 
 
 .Vorrr Tfrsorert', 192. 
 
 altheiefolia, 333. 
 
 patula, 194. 
 
 althenefolia, 333. 
 
 racemulosa, 193. 
 
 Coulteri, 332. 
 
 rarfiniilosa, 194. 
 
 digitata, 332. 
 
 stricta, 193. 
 
 haslata, 333. 
 
 striiia, 474. 
 
 hispidula, 332. 
 palmata, 332. 
 
 tenuifolia, 193. 
 
 thesioldis, 193. 
 
 panicuhita, 332. 
 
 t/ii/wi/hlia, 192, 193. 
 
 swilacifolia, 333. 
 
 T;)rreyi, 194. 
 
 Thurheri, 332. 
 
 r/7/o.s<(", 192. 
 
 Virginica, 3.33. 
 
 Lechldium, 192, 194. 
 
 Viryliiica, 333. 
 
 Drummoudii, 194. 
 
 A*«i, 420. 
 
 Lemon, 376. 
 
 Lena Aniaiilla, 69. 
 
 Lo Noir, 42H. 
 
 LfOiiticr thidirtroidei, 70. 
 
 irifhiflla, 7 1 . 
 Leimi.ink.*:. I(K). 
 Lepidiuin, 101, 124, 468. 
 
 ulynsoidtrs, 125. 
 
 a|i<:taluni, 127. 
 
 bt[>iiiriatilidiiin, 128. 
 
 C'difoniirum. 127. 
 
 lamjR-xtre, 126. 
 
 corymliiisnm, 1 25. 
 
 dictyotum, 129. 
 
 didi/mitm, 130. 
 
 Draba, 124. 
 
 tlaviim, 125. 
 
 Fremonlii, 126. 
 
 heterujihiilhtin, 125. 
 
 //>er/s, 126. 
 
 inrisum, 127. 
 
 intcgrifolium, 125. 
 
 in/i'/iif'oliuiii, 125. 
 
 iut,rm,diiim, 127. 
 
 Jaredi, 124. 
 
 la.siocar|)Um, 128. 
 
 Uisiornrjiiirii, 127. 
 
 latipes, 129. 
 
 leiorarpiim, 128. 
 
 majus, 126. 
 
 medium. 127, 468. 
 
 .Menziesii, 127, 468. 
 
 ^t,nziesii, 128. 
 
 inicmntliuiii, 127. 
 
 niontanum, 125. 
 
 inontaiium, 125. 
 
 nauuni, 124. 
 
 uitiduni, 128. 
 
 occidvnlale, 127. 
 
 Orei/auiim, 129. 
 
 o.xycarpum, 129. 
 
 oryrarpniii, 129. 
 
 jinirumhi'iis, 1.31. 
 
 ruderale, 128. 
 
 ruderale, 127, 128. 
 
 sativum, 126. 
 
 sativum, 155. 
 
 scopulorum, 125. 
 
 Smilhii. 126. 
 
 sordidum, 128. 
 
 spatulalnm. 125. 
 
 striituin. 129.468. 
 
 trimii/nim, 126. 
 
 L'tafunse, 126. 
 
 ('lal,ri,„s,; 125. 
 
 \'irginiium, 126. 
 ]'iiiiiiiirum, 127, 128. 
 ]\'ri(]hli,, 128. 
 Lepiponum, 2.50. 
 
 Vhilrtise, 253. 
 
 prarile. 251. 
 
 marriAhrcum, 253. 
 
 marinnm, 252. 
 
 vudium. 252. 
 
 ruhrum, 2.50. 
 
 sallnum, 252. 
 
492 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 tenue, 251. 
 Leptrina, 272. 
 
 autnmnalis, 281. 
 Lesquerella, 100, 116. 
 Lesijuerellu, 121. 
 
 alpiua, 117. 
 
 augustifolia, 120. 
 
 arctica, 120. 
 
 argyrea, 120. 
 
 jVrizonica, 117. 
 
 aiiriculata, 1 16. 
 
 Berlamlieri. 118. 
 
 cinerca, 1 18. 
 
 densiriura, 116. 
 
 Uouglasii, 118. 
 
 Eugelniaiiiii, 120. 
 
 Feudlori, 120. 
 
 globosa, 118. 
 
 Goidoni, 120. 
 
 gracilis, 119. 
 
 grauditiora, 116. 
 
 Kiiigii, 117. 
 
 laj^iucarpa, 116. 
 
 Lescurii, 116. 
 
 Liiidiieiineri, 119. 
 
 Ludoviciaiia, 118. 
 
 nioutaua, 117. 
 
 ^iuttallii, 119. 
 
 occidentalis, 117. 
 
 pallida, 119. 
 
 Palmeri, 118. 
 
 purpurea, 119. 
 
 recurvata, 119. 
 
 repauda, 119. 
 
 AVardii, 118. 
 Lewisia, 263, 266. 
 
 alba, 267. 
 
 brachycalyx, 267. 
 
 brachi/r/rli/x, 267. 
 
 Colunil)iana, 269. 
 
 Cotyledon, 268. 
 
 Howellii, 268. 
 
 Kelloggii. 267. 
 
 Leana, 269. 
 
 Nevadensis, 268. 
 
 oppositifolia, 268. 
 
 pygma^a, 268. 
 
 rediviva, 267. 
 
 triphylla, 269. 
 
 'i'weedyi, 268. 
 Lignum-vitJB, 356. 
 Lime, .376. 
 Lime-tree, 343. 
 LlMNANTHE^, 358. 
 Limnanthemum peltatum, 74. 
 Limnanthes, 363. 
 
 alba, 364. 
 
 Doufjlasii, 364. 
 
 (frandiflorus, 364. 
 
 Macounii, 363. 
 
 pumila, 364. 
 
 rosea, 364. 
 
 snfphureiis, 364. 
 Limnia, 272, 273. 
 
 alsinoides, 273. 
 
 perfoli'ata, 274. 
 
 Sibirica, 273. 
 
 LIXACE.E, 344. 
 Linastntm, 345. 
 Linden, 343. 
 Liuuni, 344. 
 
 adenophyllum, 348. 
 
 aniiiuim,'347. 
 
 aristatuin, 347. 
 
 Bereudieri, 347. 
 
 Berlaudieri, 347. 
 
 Bootii, 347. 
 
 Buottii, 346. 
 
 Breiceri, 349. 
 
 Califoruicum, 349. 
 
 catiiarticum, 346. 
 
 Clevelandi, 349. 
 
 cougestuni, 349. 
 
 decuneiis, 345. 
 
 digynum, 348. 
 
 drymarioides, 348. 
 
 Floridanum, 345. 
 
 Greggii, 346. 
 
 hudsotiioides, 348. 
 
 humile, 345. 
 
 Kingii, .346. 
 
 Lewisii, 345. 
 
 Li/allanuin, 345. 
 
 mifranthum, 349. 
 
 niulticaule, 348. 
 
 Keo-Mexicanum, 346. 
 
 pereiijie, 345. 
 
 rigidum, 347. 
 
 rigidum, 348. 
 
 rupestre, 346. 
 
 San Sabeanum, 194. 
 
 Schiedeanum, 346. 
 
 Sibiricum, 345. 
 
 simplex, 346. 
 
 spergulinum, 349. 
 
 striatum, 346. 
 
 sulcatum, 347. 
 
 trisepalum, 191. 
 
 usitatissimum, 345. 
 
 tisitatissimum, 345. 
 
 Virgiuianum, 345. 
 
 Virglniamnn, 345, 346. 
 Liriodendron, 58, 61. 
 
 Tulipifera, 61. 
 Lithraa, 381. 
 
 lanrina, 383. 
 Liverleaf, 13. 
 Lobadlum, 383, 384. 385. 
 
 amentaceum, 386. 
 LohloUv Bay, 292, 293. 
 Lobularia, 100, 115. 
 
 TTiaritima, 115. 
 Lojflingia. 210, 255. 
 
 pusilla, 255. 
 
 squarrosa, 255. 
 
 stpiarrosa. 255. 
 
 Texana. 255. 
 Lychnis, 209, 224, 228. 
 Lychnis, 213. 
 
 arntiJis 216. 
 
 affinis, 226. 
 
 A janrnsis, 226. 
 
 alha. 227. 
 
 alpina, 227. 
 
 apetala, 226. 
 
 apttala, 225, 226. 
 
 Californica, 222. 
 
 Chalcedouica, 227. 
 
 coronaria, 227. 
 
 dioica, 227. 
 
 dioica, 227. 
 
 diiirna, 227. 
 
 Drumniondii, 225. 
 
 elatu, 223, 224. 
 
 rios-cuculi, 227. 
 
 fri(/ida, 226. 
 
 GithafjO, 228. 
 
 Kingii, 226. 
 
 Kimjii, 226. 
 
 montana, 226. 
 
 montana, 226. 
 
 nuda, 220. 
 
 Parri/i, 222. 
 
 pancijlora, 225. 
 
 pulchra, 218. 
 
 Suecica, 227. 
 
 Taylorae. 225. 
 
 tritiora, 225. 
 
 trijiora, 226. 
 
 vespertina, 227. 
 Lyrocarpa, 100, 122. 
 Lyrucarpa, 121. 
 
 Coulteri, 122. 
 
 Palmeri, 122. 
 Lytopleura, 75. 
 
 Macrobotrys, 54. 
 Macropodium laciniatum, 177. 
 Macrothyrsus, 446, 448. 
 Macrotrys, 54. 
 
 actiKoides, 54. 
 Marrotiis, 54. 
 Magnolia, 58, 59. 464. 
 
 acuminata, 61, 464. 
 
 acuminata, 61. 
 
 auricutaris, 60. 
 
 auriculata, 60. 
 
 consi)icua, 59. 
 
 cordata, 61. 
 fatida, 59. 
 
 fragrans, 60. 
 
 Fraseri, 60. 
 frondosa, 61. 
 
 fuscata, 59. 
 
 glauca, 59, 464. 
 
 glauca, 60. 
 
 grandiflora, 59. 
 
 Jonyi folia, 60. 
 
 macropliylla, 60. 
 
 obovata, 59. 
 
 purpurea, 59. 
 
 pyramidatn, 60. 
 
 tripe.tala, 60. 
 
 Umbrella, 60, 464. 
 
 Virginia, 61, 464. 
 
 Virqiniana, 59, 60, 464. 
 MAGNOLIACE.^, 57, 464. 
 Magnoi.ik^, 58. 
 M.'ihogany,"387. 
 MaboganV-tree, 387. 
 i1/«/iOHm,"68. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 493 
 
 Aquifolium, 69, 70. 
 fasr.icnUtrls, 69. 
 glumacea, 70. 
 nercosa, 70. 
 tri folia, 68. 
 Maideii Pink, 211. 
 Mulache srubra, 331. 
 Malm-hid, 232. 
 
 a(jnatira, 232. 
 ^fal(l(•/tium aquaticum, 232. 
 Mulachodendron, 292. 
 ovatiiin, 292. 
 peiitagi/num, 292. 
 Maliiohra, "296, 330. 
 alceiEfolia, 330. 
 alceifolia, 330. 
 capi'tata, 330. 
 cajiilatu, 330. 
 Mexicana, 331. 
 palmata, 330. 
 rotund i folia, 330. 
 triloba, 330. 
 Mren.s, 330. 
 Malacodendron, 292. 
 Mallow, 297. 
 Malope malacoides, 295. 
 Malope.*;, 295. 
 Malosma, 383. 
 Malpij^liia, 350, 351. 
 f;;lal)ra, 351. 
 /»rH/a, 350. 
 MALPIGIIIACE.E, 350. 
 Malva, 295, 297. 
 
 abiitiloides, 333. 
 acerifolin, 317. 
 Alcea, 298. 
 u4/fea, 298. 
 Americana, 309. 
 awfustifolia, 316. 
 aurantiaca, 310. 
 borfali.% 298, 299. 
 Calif ornica, 321. 
 Cantliniana, 318. 
 coccinea, 313. 
 corc/i on folia, 309. 
 Coiomandeliana, 309. 
 Creeana, 314. 
 crispa, 298. 
 digitata, 301. 
 Domint/cnsis, 309. 
 _/asc(c«/«^f(,312. 
 hederarea, 321. 
 Hout/litonii, 300. 
 involitcrata, 301. 
 LeCoutii, 331. 
 Lindheimeriana, 309. 
 lineariloha, 301. 
 mulachroidcs, 307. 
 moschata, 298. 
 moschata, 298. 
 Mnnroana, 315. 
 Nicaensis, 299. 
 Nutlalloides, 301. 
 o6^/S(», 298. 
 ovafa, 309. 
 Prt//«rfr. 301. 
 parviHora, 298, 
 
 jmrvi flora, 298. 
 ptda'ta, 3(tl. 
 /</,'■„/„, :J2I. 
 
 liol,/sl.ir/,,pi, 309. 
 
 pusilla, 298. 
 
 rirnlaris, 317. 
 
 rotumlifolia, 298. 
 
 riituudil'olia, 298. 
 
 SCO/HI rid, 309. 
 
 spin ltd, .■}09. 
 
 sHl>/ids(d/d, 309. 
 
 sylvostri.s, 298. 
 
 triaiiiptlald, 300. 
 
 tricimpiddld, 309. 
 
 verticillata, 298. 
 MALVACK.E, 294. 
 Malva.strum, 296, 308. 
 
 al)()ri{^iiiuin, 311. 
 
 Americuiium, 309. 
 
 aiigustuni, 308. 
 
 aniiatum, 311. 
 
 anraiitiacnm, 310. 
 
 (■((lijrinHin, 317. 
 
 Cdrpiiilfnlium, 309. 
 
 cocciiifuni, 313. 
 
 corciiieiiiii, 314. 
 
 coromandrlidnuiii, 309. 
 
 Coulleri, 313. 
 
 Davidsonii, 312. 
 
 den.sirtoruin, 310. 
 
 exile, .308. 
 fusriciildfum, 312. 
 foliosum, 311. 
 
 Freinoiitii, 311. 
 
 Freiiioiilii, 312. 
 
 (jriissitlaria- folium, 314. 
 
 iiivulucratum, 310. 
 
 lcpt.,|ilivlluni, 310. 
 
 I.uidliii'meridnum, 309. 
 
 linidrif,llnm, 323. 
 
 iiiarniliioides, 311. 
 
 marniluoidrs, 311. 
 
 J//(/(r'/ri;n//«, 315. 
 
 iit'siiiticiim, 312. 
 
 .irl)i(iilatuin, 313. 
 
 I'aliiieri, 310. 
 
 I'arryi, 308. 
 
 peddtijidnm, 314. 
 
 roliindifiiliniii, 308. 
 
 Uiii!;<dii, 309. 
 
 st<)i)ariuin, .309. 
 
 .spiciituin, .309. 
 
 splcuilidnm, .312 
 
 'riinriieri,312. 
 77,»;-/„',-,, 312. 
 
 triciispiddtiim, 309. 
 
 Wrigiitii, 309. 
 ^fdlravisroid,'S. .333. 
 Malvaviscus, 297, .332. 
 J/a/i«(vs<Hs, .331, 337. 
 
 Druniniondii, 332. 
 
 Floridnnus, 334. 
 
 wo///.'i, 3.32. 
 
 pilosus, 334. 
 Malve.k, 295. 
 Malveopsis, 308. 
 
 .^Hie/icana, 309. 
 
 arntata, 311. 
 
 aiiraiilidcd, 310. 
 
 cocciiiai, .'113. 
 
 Vouileri, 313. 
 
 /•i-iV/ji, 30H. 
 
 fisriciildla , 3 1 2. 
 
 J-'rriiiuiili, .31 I. 
 
 Itispidd, 30'J 
 
 hplojiluflid, 310. 
 
 wdrnibioid. ^, Ml. 
 
 uiidli/toriiiii, .313. 
 
 Mnuroiiua, 315. 
 
 rotundifolia, .308. 
 
 spicdli'i, 309. 
 
 splftididn, 312. 
 Malvinda, 323. 
 
 unicornis. 324. 
 Maiidrak.-, 72. 
 .M:iii«(), 3H1. 
 .M.nuUot, 330. 
 .Maple, 4.35. 
 
 .\ldrr„r<'lla rolubrina, 418, 
 Mar.Hh Mallcnv, 299. 
 
 .NLarigold, 39. 
 Mjustictree, 380. 
 Mav-apjile, 72. 
 M;V} teiiu.-<, 395, .398. 
 
 pliyllantlioidejs, 398. 
 Meadow-rue, 14. 
 Meconilld, 84, 85. 
 
 Cdlifornica, 85. 
 
 dentirulata, 85. 
 
 Oreijana, 85. 
 Mecoiiopsis, 83, 89. 
 
 erdssifjlid, 89. 
 
 d,p/n'/ild, 89. 
 
 liet.Tophylla, 89. 
 
 /"7<W((r</,".S9. 
 Meldndrinm, 213, 225. 
 
 ajjine, 226. 
 
 ruhrum, 227. 
 
 silrestre, 227. 
 
 tri/lonini, 225. 
 il/e/«He/ry«m,2l3, 214, 224, 225 
 
 a//.«m, 227. 
 
 apetahtm, 226. 
 
 ajtctalum, 226. 
 lidldwini, 216. 
 
 liolandiri, 218. 
 
 Californirum, 218. 
 
 (j'regpii, 218. 
 
 IIo6keri, 218. 
 
 I/liuoinst; 217. 
 
 inrolucratinn, 226. 
 
 Idfiniatum, 218. 
 
 I'tnn.^ylrdnirum, 217. 
 
 m/ (■«;«. 217. 
 
 rolnndil'iilinm. 217. 
 
 Wriqhtii, 218. 
 Melia. 387. 
 
 Azedaradi, .387. 
 
 Azedrrach, 444. 
 MKLIACK.K, .387. 
 .Milirocca, 445. 
 
 pdiiiculdld, 445. 
 .UWi/.A/«-rt, 313. 
 MeKH-liia, .33'.i. 340. 
 
 omliori folia, 341. 
 
494 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 crenata, 340. 
 hirsuta, 340. 
 hirsuta, 340, 341. 
 pyraniidata, 340. 
 senuta, 309, 340. 
 tomeutosa, 340. 
 MENLSl'EKMACE.E, 64, 465. 
 Weuispennum, 65, 465 
 anfftihifum, 66. 
 CaiiaUeuse, 66, 465- 
 Caiuliuianum, 65. 
 Carolinum, 65. 
 Lyoni, 66. 
 smilacinum, 66. 
 Vir(/inicum, 65. 
 Alenyaiithes ni/wphoides, 74, 
 
 peltala, 74. 
 Merckia, 238, 239. 
 physodes, 239. 
 Merimea Teraua, 282. 
 Merkia, 238, 239. 
 Mesembrianthemum, 260. 
 Meskmbryanthe^, 257. 
 Me.seml)ryaiithemuin, 257. 
 Meseinbryanthemum, 260. 
 aequilaterale, 261. 
 apela/uin, 261. 
 coccineum, 261. 
 coptlrnin, 261. 
 cord i folium, 261. 
 crystallinuin, 261. 
 dnnld latum, 261. 
 iiodiHornm, 261. 
 steuum, 261. 
 Metopium, 381, 382. 
 
 Linmci, 382. 
 Mexican Buckeye, 445. 
 Allcltauxia sessilis, 293. 
 Micropetalon, 232. 
 (jramineitm, 233. 
 lanceo/atuv), 23.^. 
 lanuqinosum, 240. 
 long'; folia, 233. 
 Microriiamnus, 402, 404. 
 
 ericoides, 404. 
 Mignonette, 188. 
 Milkwort, 449. 
 Minunrtia, 238. 
 Mwliola, 296, 318. 
 
 Caroliniaiia, 318. 
 mnltifida, 318. 
 Mce/trinf/ia, 238. 
 
 lateriflora, 238. 
 macrojihylla, 238. 
 umhrosa, 240. 
 
 Moi,LUGINK.E, 256. 
 
 Mollngo, 256, 257. 
 Mollufjo, 257, 258. 
 
 arenaria, 257. 
 
 Camlifssedesii, 254. 
 
 Cerviana, 257. 
 
 (jlinoides, 258. 
 
 mar It i ma, 260. 
 
 rndldta, 258. 
 
 verticillata, 257. 
 
 verlicillata, 254. 
 Monkshood, 52. 
 
 Monnina, 449, 460. 
 
 Wrightii, 460. 
 Monijcosiuia, 278. 
 Minittcerdia, 398. 
 Muiitia, 2G3, 272. 
 Montia, 270, 277. 
 
 arenicoia, 274. 
 
 asarifolia, 273. 
 
 bulbifera, 273. 
 
 Chaniissonis, 275. 
 
 dichotoma, 276. 
 
 diffusa, 276. 
 
 flagellaris, 276. 
 
 foutaua, 277. 
 
 gypsophiloides, 275. 
 
 (jiipsophiloldes, 274. 
 
 yya/Z/V, 277. 
 
 Ilowellii, 276. 
 
 lam/irosjierma, 277. 
 
 linearis, 276. 
 
 minor, 211. 
 
 parviflora, 274. 
 
 parvifolia, 275. 
 
 perfcdiata, 274. 
 
 rivularis, 277. 
 
 7-|/6m, 275. 
 
 sarmentosa, 272. 
 
 saxosa, 274. 
 
 Sibirica, 273. 
 
 spatlmlata, 275. 
 
 tenuifolia, 215. 
 Montlast'rum, 276. 
 MooDseed, 65. 
 Moosewood, 436. 
 Mortouia, 396, 400. 
 
 e//i<sa, 400. 
 
 Greggii, 400. 
 
 Palmerl, 400. 
 
 scabrella, 400. 
 
 sempervireus, 400. 
 Moss Campion, 215. 
 Moufieotia hirsuta, 340. 
 Mountain Grape, 421, 425 
 
 Holly, 391. 
 
 Maple, 435. 
 
 Plum, 394. 
 Mouse-ear Chickweed, 228, 
 
 Cress, 140. 
 Mousetail, 19. 
 Mullein Pink, 227. 
 Muscailine Grape, 420. 
 Muscudlnia, 420. 
 Musk Mallow, 298. 
 
 liose, 298. 
 Mustang Grape, 421, 428. 
 Myagrum argenteum, 118. 
 
 paniculatum, 132. 
 Mi/cinda, 399. 
 Myginda, 399. 
 
 aguijfolia, 399. 
 iliclfolla, 399. 
 inte'grifolia, 399, 404. 
 latlfoila, 399. 
 mi/rtl/olla, 398. 
 pallens, 399. 
 liliacoma, 399. 
 Mylocarinm, 393. 
 
 Mylocaryum, 393. 
 
 ligustriuuin, 393. 
 Myosoton, 232. 
 Myomron, 19. 
 Myosurus, 2, 19, 462. 
 
 alopecuroides, 20. 
 
 apetalus, 1 9, 462. 
 
 ar {status, 19. 
 
 austral is, 19. 
 
 breviscapus, 19. 
 
 cupulatus, 20. 
 
 minimus, 19, 462. 
 
 }iiiuimus, 19, 20. 
 
 sessilis, 19. 
 
 Shorlii, 19. 
 Myriandra brachyphylla, 286. 
 
 galioides, 286. 
 
 glauca, 286. 
 
 ledifolia, 285. 
 
 Mi'chauxii, 286. 
 
 nitida, 286. 
 
 spathulata, 285. 
 
 Naiocrene, 275. 
 Nankin Cotton, 338. 
 Napaja, 295, 307. 
 dioica, 308. 
 
 hermaphrodita, 307, 322. 
 
 /cEivs, 322. 
 
 scabra, 308. 
 Nasturtium, 103, 146, 363, 470. 
 
 amphibium, 147. 
 
 Armoracia, 146. 
 
 brevipes, 149. 
 
 calycinum, 147. 
 
 cernuum, 148. 
 
 curvisiliqua, 148, 470. 
 
 dictyotum, 149. 
 
 hispidum, 148. 
 
 lacustre, 146, 470. 
 
 limostnn, 149 
 
 linifolium, 138. 
 
 lyratum, 148. 
 
 jMenziesii, 139. 
 
 Mexicanum, 149. 
 
 micropetalum, 149. 
 
 multijidum, 139. 
 
 nutans, 146. 
 
 obtusum, 148, 470. 
 
 occidentale, 148. 
 
 officinale, 146. 
 
 officiiiale, 157. 
 
 pahistre, 147, 149. 
 
 jiolymorphum, 148. 
 
 pumllum, 138. 
 
 sessiliflorum, 149, 470. 
 
 sinuatum, 147, 470. 
 
 siuuatum, 148. 
 
 sphferocar]>um, 1 48. 
 
 sti/losum, 157. 
 
 sylvestre, 147, 470. 
 
 tanacetifolium, 148, 470. 
 
 tanaretifoUum, 149. 
 
 terrestre, 147. 
 
 trnrhycarpum, 147. 
 
 Tra//«i, 149. 
 Nectris, 74. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 405 
 
 aquatica, 74. 
 
 peiUttd, 74. 
 
 pimtata, .363. 
 Negiindinm, 440. 
 
 frarini folium, 440. 
 Negundo, 4.3.'), 440. 
 
 areroidi'S, 440, 441. 
 
 Cdlij'oriiicum, 441. 
 
 loha'tnm, 440. 
 
 Mexlcdninn, 441. 
 
 Nvqundo, 440. 
 
 Irifol latum, 440. 
 Ndumbium, 73, 74. 
 
 codophyllum, 75. 
 
 Jamaicense, 7.5. 
 
 luteitin, 75. 
 
 pentapetdlum, 75. 
 
 reniforme, 75. 
 
 speciosiim, 75. 
 Nelumbo, 73, 74. 
 
 lutea, 75. 
 
 nucijlra, 74, 75. 
 Nelumboke.e, 73. 
 Nemallosis, 257. 
 Nemopauthes, 391. 
 
 ambiijiKi, 390. 
 
 Canadensis, 391. 
 
 fasricidaris, 391. 
 Nemopanthiis, 388, 391. 
 
 fascicularis, 391. 
 Neobeckia aquatica, 470. 
 Nephropetalum, 339, 341. 
 
 Pringlei, 341. 
 Neslia, 101, 131. 
 
 paniculata, 131. 
 Neuroloma nudicaule, 152. 
 
 scapigerum, 152. 
 New Jersey Tea, 409. 
 New Zealand Spinach, 260. 
 Noisettia acuminata, 204. 
 Norway Maple, 435. 
 Nuphar, 73, 77, 465. 
 
 advena, 77, 465. 
 
 advena, 77. 
 
 advena X Kalmiana, 78. 
 
 Americanum, 78. 
 
 Fletcher! , 78. 
 
 Kalmiana, 78. 
 
 long i folia, 79. 
 
 /«/ea, 78. 
 
 luteum, 77, 78. 
 
 minimum, 78. 
 
 polysepalura, 77. 
 
 pumilum, 78. 
 
 rubrodiscum, 78. 
 
 sagittaefolium, 78. 
 
 saqittil'ulium, 79. 
 Nuttallia,'300, 391. 
 
 Canadensis, 391. 
 
 cordata, 301. 
 
 cordifolia, 300. 
 
 digitata, 301. 
 
 grandijlorn, 301. 
 
 involucrata, 301. 
 
 malvw flora, 305. 
 
 Munroana, 315. 
 
 palmata, 301. 
 
 Papaver, 301. 
 
 pedala, 301, 302. 
 
 triangnlata. 300. 
 Xvnipluca, 73, 75, 465. 
 S ijniphii a, 11 . 
 
 adrenu, 11, 78. 
 
 (i//«j. 76. 
 
 ain])la, 75. 
 
 arifolia, 78. 
 
 t'legans, 75, 465. 
 
 flava, 76. 
 
 y/.irrt, 465. 
 
 Kalmiana, 78. 
 
 L,ib,'rqi, 76. 
 
 longifoUa, 79. 
 
 /H/f«, 78. 
 
 Mtxicana, 75, 77, 465. 
 
 mirroji/ii/lla, 78. 
 
 N,h,mhn, 75. 
 
 odorata, 76. 
 
 odonild, 76. 
 
 pentdpetala, 75. 
 
 poli/sr/iala, 11. 
 
 pi/gmna, 76. 
 
 reniformis, 76, 465. 
 
 reniformis, 75, 76. 
 
 ?-o,sm, 76. 
 
 rubrodisca, 78. 
 
 sagittdta, 79. 
 
 sagittifilia, 79. 
 
 tetragona, 76. 
 
 ^//,</-as7/, 76. 
 
 tusslldt/ifolia, 11. 
 NYMl'lLEACE.E, 72,465. 
 NYMni.KACKA:, 73. 
 N;jnipltosanthus, 77. 
 
 Odostemon, 68. 
 Oenoplea, 404. 
 Oenoplia, 404. 
 Ohio Buckeye, 446. 
 OA-ra, 337. 
 OLACINE.E, 393. 
 01igomeri.s, 188. 
 
 dispersd, 188. 
 
 glaucescens, 188. 
 
 subuldta, 188. 
 Opium I'oppy, 88. 
 Orange, 376. 
 Orchidocarpum, 63. 
 
 arietinum, 63. 
 
 grandiforum, 63, 464. 
 
 parvijiorurn, 63. 
 
 pygnuFum, 64. 
 Oreas inrohtcrdta, 135. 
 Oregon Grape, 69. 
 Oreobroma, 267. 
 
 Columbiana. 269. 
 
 Coti/ledon, 268. 
 
 Ifowellii, 268. 
 
 Leana, 269. 
 
 Xevadtnsis, 268. 
 
 opp<,sitif,lid, 268. 
 
 pijgmaa, 268. 
 
 tri/p/ii/lld, 269. 
 
 Twredi/i, 268. 
 Oreophila, 397. 
 
 mifrtif<Jia, .398. 
 Orthodun, 229. 
 <)ril,ojH-lalHm,:W2. 
 Orl/io/Mjii/gatd, 453. 
 O.x.vi.iuk.k, 358. 
 ( )xali.-', 358. 364. 
 
 A(ot.)S4-lla, 367. 
 
 Aolosrltn, 367. 
 
 dmliigiid, 366. 
 
 Amiricdud, 367. 
 
 H.-rlandicri, 364. 
 
 cernua, 36H. 
 
 respitosd, .366. 
 
 cf>rniculata, 365. 
 
 cornicnldtd, 365, 366 
 
 cymosa, .366. 
 
 (lecaphylla. 368. 
 
 dichondra-fidia, 364. 
 
 iJillvnii, 365. 
 
 divergeus, .368. 
 
 Drummimdii, .368. 
 
 Jloridd, 366. 
 
 J'nrcald, .365. 
 
 granilis, .366. 
 
 Tatifulia, 368. 
 
 longijiora, 367. 
 
 Lijimi, .366. 
 
 marritntha, 366. 
 
 Martiana, 367. 
 
 viirrnphijlla, 366. 
 
 ()regan:^ 367. 
 
 Orei/ana, .367. 
 
 ;)i/<J>v(. 366. 
 
 pumila, 366. 
 
 pusilla, .365. 
 
 recurva, 366. 
 
 reri»n«, 366. 
 
 stricta, 366. 
 
 sr;iW</, 365. 366. 
 
 SuL^dorfii, 366. 
 
 trilliifolia, 367. 
 
 fropiniliiidef!, 365. 
 
 respertilionis, 368. 
 
 vioL-H-ea, 367. 
 
 rioldcm, 368. 
 
 Wrightii, .365. 
 O-rygraphis, 20, 22. 
 
 .4 «</'/■.«)»/, 22. 
 Oxystvlis, 181, 186. 
 
 lutea, 186. 
 
 Pachistima. 395, .397. 
 
 Canhvi, 398. 
 
 Myrsinitos, 397. 
 Pachypodium, 137, 174. 
 
 integri folium, 176. 
 
 larinialum, 177. 
 
 lineari folium. 174. 
 
 Sdi/illatum, 175. 
 Pacfii/rrhizea, 267. 
 Pdchy.itimd, 397. 
 Pajoiiia. 3, 56. 
 
 Bnnvnii, 56. 
 
 Calif, mica, 56. 
 P.KOMK.t:. 3. 
 
 Pironv. 56. 
 
 Pale 'iTouch-me-not, 369. 
 
496 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Paliurtis Texanus, 403. 
 Pausv, 204. 
 Papaver, 83, 88. 
 
 alpinum, 89. 
 
 Argemoue, 88. 
 
 Californicum, 88. 
 
 criissij'oliiim, 89. 
 
 dulriuin, 88. 
 
 hetero/)lii/l/um, 89. 
 
 Lt'mmnni, 88, 89. 
 
 mici(>c(v/)um, 89. 
 
 uudiiaule, 89. 
 
 nil (I i cattle, 89. 
 
 KluBas, 88. 
 
 soniniferum, 88. 
 PAPAVEHACE.E, 82, 466. 
 Papaveke^;, 82. 
 Papaw, 62, 63. 
 Papulosa, 261. 
 Paradise-tree, 378. 
 Paritiiim, 337. 
 
 tiliaceum, 337. 
 Parrasia, 142. 
 
 camponiin, 142. 
 
 lineiiri/olia, 142. 
 Parrya, 104, 151. 
 Parrya, 140, 151. 
 
 arctica, 151. 
 
 arenicola, 136. 
 
 macrocarpa, 151. 
 
 Menziesii, 152. 
 
 nudicaiilis, 152. 
 Parthenor.issus, 431. 
 
 quinqiiffolia, 431. 
 
 vitacea, 431. 
 Paullinia, 432, 442. 
 Pawa, 446, 447. 
 
 atropiirpurea, 447. 
 
 bicolor, 447. 
 
 Callfornlcn, 448. 
 
 cornea, 446. 
 
 discolor, 447. 
 
 /rtra, 447. 
 
 /w/ya, 447. 
 
 glabra, 446. 
 
 hnmilis, 447. 
 
 hybrida, 447. 
 
 intermedia, 447. 
 
 Lindleyana, 447. 
 
 /?V('(/rt, 447. 
 
 lurida, 447. 
 
 Michaiixii, 447. 
 
 mntnbilis, 447. 
 
 ner/lecta, 447. 
 
 Ohioensis, 446. 
 
 pallida, 446. 
 
 rubicunda, 446. 
 
 versicolor, 447. 
 
 . VFn/.son/ana, 446. 
 Willdenowiana, 447. 
 Paviana flavn, 447. 
 Pavonia,"297, 331. 
 
 Drummondii, 332. 
 
 hastata, .331. 
 
 Jonesii, 331. 
 
 lasiopetala, 331. 
 
 LeContii, 331. 
 
 racemosa, 331. 
 
 sjiicatu, 331. 
 
 spiuifex, 331. 
 
 Vin/inica, 333. 
 
 Wright a, 331. 
 Pearl wort, 247. 
 Pedimculosa, 308. 
 Pegauum, 352, 353, 355. 
 
 llarmala, 355. 
 
 Mexicanum, 355. 
 
 PELARCONIEiE, 357. 
 
 Pelargonium, 357, 363. 
 
 aiKcps, 363. 
 Penny Cress, 123. 
 Pentagonocarpus, 332. 
 Pentaspermum 
 
 altltetefolinm, 333. 
 
 smilaci/oliinn, 333. 
 Peplis Americana, 281. 
 Peppergrass, 124, 126. 
 Pepper-root, 153. 
 Pepper-tree, 381. 
 Pepper-wood, 374. 
 Perjbnon ferruginettm, 418. 
 
 lauri/olium, 408. 
 Peritoma, 183. 
 
 aurea, 184. 
 
 integrifolia, 183. 
 
 serrulatum, 183. 
 Pharnaceum Cerviana, 258. 
 
 maritimum, 260. 
 Pheasant's-eye, 18. 
 Phemeranthiis, 266. 
 
 teretifolius, 266. 
 Philetaria, 280. 
 Pha;nicaidis, 152. 
 
 cheiranthoides, 152. 
 
 Menziesii, 152. 
 Phoenicodelphis, 51. 
 PAysa, 258. 
 
 Physaria, 100, 121,468. 
 Physuria, 116, 118. 
 
 didymocarpa, 121, 468. 
 
 didymocarpa, 468. 
 
 Gey en, 121. 
 
 montanu, 1 17. 
 
 Newberrvi, 121, 468. 
 
 Oregona^ 121. 
 PHYSAUIE.E, 100. 
 Phi/seli/tro», 442. 
 Picramnia, 377, 379. 
 
 pentandra, 379. 
 PiCRAMNIE.E, 377. 
 Picrella, 372. 
 Pigeon Grape, 427. 
 Pine-wood Grape, 428. 
 Pink, 211. 
 Pinweed, 192. 
 Pistacia Mexicana, 381, 386 
 
 Simariiba, 380. 
 Pistacioides, 386. 
 Pitavia, 375. 
 
 dumosa, 375. 
 Pitcher-plant, 79. 
 Pitiiroxperma, 54- 
 Plagiorhcgma diibium, 71. 
 Platypetalum, 140. 
 
 ditbiiim, 140. 
 
 }>iirjinrasif'ns, 140. 
 Platy.«perniuin, 104, 151. 
 
 scapigenini, 151. 
 Platysteniou, 82, 84. 
 Plati/stemon, 85. 
 
 Californic'us, 84. 
 
 Cali/hruiriis, 84. 
 
 crinitiis, 84. 
 
 dp7ittculatus, 85. 
 
 leiocarpus, 84. 
 
 linearis, 85. 
 
 Oreganus, 85. 
 
 Torreiji, 85. 
 
 Pl.ATYSTEMONE.E, 82. 
 
 Platystigma, 82, 84. 
 
 Californicum, 85. 
 
 denticulatum, 85. 
 
 lineare, 85. 
 
 Oreganum, 85. 
 Podophyllum, 67, 72. 
 
 callicarpum, 72. 
 
 dipfiijllum, 72. 
 
 montamim, 72. 
 
 peltatum, 72. 
 Poison Bay, 59. 
 
 Dogwood, 383. 
 
 Elder, 383. 
 
 Ivv, 382. 
 
 Oak, 382, 383. 
 
 Sumach, 383. 
 
 Vines, 382. 
 Poison-wood, 382. 
 Polanisia, 180, 182. 
 
 graveoleus, 182. 
 
 tenuifolia, 182. 
 
 trachysperma, 182. 
 
 uniglandulosa, 182. 
 
 unigtandulosa, 182. 
 
 viscosa, 182. 
 Pol tjcarpa, 254. 
 Pat year pa a, 255. 
 
 POLYCARPE-*:, 210. 
 
 Polycarpon, 210, 254. 
 
 depressum, 255. 
 
 stipuliridinn, 255. 
 
 tetraphyllum, 254. 
 
 unijiontm, 240, 254. 
 Polygala, 449. 
 
 acantliodada, 452. 
 
 acutifotia, 459. 
 
 alba; 455. 
 
 a/6a, 454, 455. 
 
 ambigua, 456, 457. 
 
 Americana, 449. 
 
 Arizonse, 451. 
 
 .4?u'2onfc, 452. 
 
 attenuata, 458, 459. 
 
 Balduini, 459. 
 
 Baldwini, 459. 
 
 Baldwinii, 459. 
 
 bicolor, 454, 455. 
 
 Boykini, 454. 
 
 Bo'ykinii, 454, 455. 
 
 brevifolia, 458. 
 
 buxifolla, 450. 
 
 Californica, 452. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 4U7 
 
 Califomica, 452. 
 Chaprnanii, 456. 
 coniuta, 452. 
 coryinhosa, 459. 
 cruciata, 458. 
 cruciula, 458. 
 cucitllala, 449, 452. 
 Curtissii, 456. 
 cuspidata, 458. 
 cymosa, 459. 
 ci/mosa, 459. 
 fastiqiata, 457. 
 Fishia, 452. 
 fiahellata, 451. 
 gramlneifolia, 459. 
 graudiflora, 450. 
 grandi flora, 450. 
 hemipterocarpa, 453. 
 Hookeri, 457. 
 incarnata, 455. 
 leptocmdis, 455. 
 leptostathys, 456. 
 Lindheimeri, 451. 
 Lindheimeri, 451. 
 lutea, 459. 
 /Mto7, 458. 
 macradenia, 450. 
 Mariaua, 457. 
 Muhlenbergii, 450. 
 myrtilloides, 450. 
 nana, 458. 
 Nutkana, 449. 
 Nutkana, 452. 
 NnUalli, 457. 
 Nuttallii, 457. 
 ovd/ijhlia, 450. 
 ovatifolia, 450. 
 paludosa, 455. 
 jmnicu/ata, 455. 
 paucifolia, 45.3. 
 polygama, 453. 
 pnetcrvisa, 454. 
 Psendosener/a, 459. 
 puberula, 450. 
 pubescens, 450. 
 pubescens rosea, 450. 
 purpurea, 453, 457. 
 ramosa. 459. 
 Reijnolds(€, 459. 
 rubella, 454. 
 Rugelii, 459. 
 Rusbyi, 451. 
 sanguiuea, 457. 
 sanijuitiea, 457. 
 scoparia, 453. 
 scoparioides, 453. 
 Senega, 454. 
 Senega, 450, 454. 
 setacca, 456. 
 subalata, 455. 
 subspiuosa, 452. 
 Texensis, 451. 
 Torrei/i, 457. 
 Tweedy i, 451. 
 uni flora, 453. 
 vertieillata, 456. 
 viridesce7is, 457, 458. 
 
 POLYGALACK.E. 448. 
 
 I'oplar, lil. 
 
 I'.-ppy, 88. 
 
 Porcclia ijrandi flora, 63, 464. 
 
 puri-ijli>ra,\v>, 63. 
 
 pi/i/miin, 64. 
 
 ^•iV«/ya, 63. 
 Porlieria, 356. 
 
 ani/nslif'olia, 356. 
 Portulaca, 262, 263. 
 
 coronata, 264. 
 
 Joliosii, 264. 
 
 graiidiHora, 264. 
 
 haliinoides, 264. 
 
 Iiiilimoidrs, 264. 
 
 laiiceolata, 263. 
 
 oleracea, 263. 
 
 oleracea, 264. 
 
 fianicnlata, 265. 
 
 ])arviila, 264. 
 
 l)il.)sa, 264. 
 
 7<//(AS7/, 264. 
 
 Portulaatstrum, 259. 
 
 rotusa, 263. 
 
 stelliformis, 264. 
 
 sulf'niliaci IIS, 264. 
 POKTULACACE.E, 262. 
 'I'o.s.suin (irai)e, 424. 
 I'ost-oak (irai)e, 428. 
 Potamoplthiis, 281. 
 Poverty (ira-ss, 191. 
 Preotianthns, 9. 
 Prickly Ash, 373. 
 
 Poppv, 87. 
 Pride of India, 387. 
 Prinoides, 389. 
 PriuDS, 390. 
 
 ambitiuns, 390. 
 
 rt^<w'(J;■|•t(.s 390. 
 
 foH/(' »•/(«, 391. 
 
 coriaceus, 390. 
 
 deciduus, 389. 
 
 diibius, 390. 
 
 gluber, 390. 
 
 Gronovii, .391. 
 
 integr If alius, 391. 
 
 lar'ii/dtus, 391. 
 
 lanceolata, 391. 
 
 loiif/ipes, 391. 
 
 lucidns, 390. 
 
 padifolius, 391. 
 
 rerl'icillatus, 391. 
 Pseuda(fro.<!(emma, 227. 
 Pseiidaphanostemma, 22. 
 Pseudaraliis, I 59. 
 Psi'tidoarabis, 159. 
 Psendn-Malvpstruin, 321. 
 Pseudo-Xapiin, 322. 
 Psilonema, 1 15. 
 Ptelea, 370, 372. 
 
 aiigmtifolia, 373. 
 
 a|)t('ra, 372. 
 
 Paldwinii. 373. 
 
 rreinilata, 373. 
 
 7Hr»///s, 373. 
 
 )iioiioj,lii/lhi. 303. 
 
 parvifolia, 372, 373. 
 32 
 
 I>oiitaiidm, 372. 
 
 prntitiidnt, 373. 
 
 IHtiloi-itipn, 373. 
 
 tomeiilosii, 373. 
 
 trifohata, 372. 
 
 trijUiata, 373. 
 
 vilici folia, 373. 
 Pterophi/Vuin, 41. 
 Ptcrota', 374. 
 PuhaliUa, 9. 462. 
 
 fiirnutissiiiia, 9. 
 
 mulfireps, 462. 
 
 J\i'ultaltiaua, 9. 
 
 occidrntalis, 9. 
 
 jMtens, 9. 
 Pnnrtinil lists, 420. 
 Purslaiio. 263. 
 Pyx'ipoma, 259. 
 
 Quassia Simaruba, 378. 
 Qutniiria, 431. 
 
 hederarea, 4.31. 
 
 hirsuta, 431. 
 
 Raccoon frrai)o, 424. 
 Racine d'iVnicrc, 2()7. 
 liiidiiinn, 258. 
 Radish, 1.32, 1.33. 
 Hag.ired Koliiii, 227. 
 HA.NrNClI.ACK.K. 1,461. 
 Rauuiuulii.s. 2, 20, 462. 
 
 aiiurtivus, 32. 
 
 abortivus, 32. 
 
 acriforini.x, 34. 
 
 acria, 35. 
 
 acris, 34, 3.5. 
 
 adoneu8, 29. 
 
 adnneus, 30. 
 
 ailinis, 31. 
 
 a^'nis, 30, 31,. 34. 
 
 aJceus, 39. 
 
 ali.-ima'fohus, 27, 463. 
 
 alisma f'olius, 27. 
 
 alismilliis, 27. 
 
 Alleghenif'iisi.-J, 32, 463. 
 
 ^l/^;lV,/.s•, 28. 
 
 anibigeii.s, 27. 
 
 aminiiis. 29, 31. 
 
 Andersonii, 22. 462. 
 
 Andersonii, 463. 
 
 ai|uatilis, 21. 
 
 a</uatilis, 21, 22. 
 
 arcticus, 31. 
 
 Arizouicus, 30. 
 
 .4n;0H;CMj!, 30, 31. 
 
 arvonsis, 38. 
 
 auricomus, 31, 32. 
 
 Auiitina', 39. 
 
 fi^cil-iV, 24. 
 
 liflrisii, 37. 
 
 Biolfttii, 26. 
 
 Bloonieri. 32. 
 
 liolandrri. 27. 
 
 Bonarieitsis, 26. 
 
 Bonqardi, 33. 
 
 breviraulis, 28, 31. 
 
 biilbosu.*!, 35. 
 
498 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 bulbostis, 20. 
 Calil'oruicus, 35. 
 Californicus, 34. 
 calthcejioriis, 27. 
 Canadejisis, 36. 
 canus, 34. 
 cariHS, 35. 
 cardicphyllns, 31. 
 Cliamis-soiiis, 23. 
 C'/o/,„sis, 32. 
 tiiriiiatns, 21. 
 Clintonii, 36. 
 confervoides, 21. 
 Cooleva;, 23. 
 Cii>>iA-li, 463. 
 Cviiihalaria, 23, 463. 
 dlhili^, 20. 
 
 drlphiiiijhlius, 24, 35. 
 dicholoiiiHS, 38. 
 dij^itatns, 29. 
 disscetas, 35. 
 dirdiicdtHS, 21. 
 Jtriiiiimnndii, 29. 
 Eiseui, 34. 
 elliptints, 29. 
 Esclisc-holtzii, 31. 
 exiiiH'us, 30. 
 fasticularis, 37, 463. 
 fascirularis, 34, 36, 37. 
 Ficaiia, 20. 
 Jiliformis, 27. 
 Jlaccidus, 21. 
 Flammula, 26. 
 F/ainmiila, 26, 27. 
 fluitans, 21. 
 JluviatUis, 24. 
 Forsk-a-hlii, 24. 
 fru/ldus, 28. 
 glaberrimus, 28, 463. 
 g/uberrhnus, 463. 
 glacialis, 23. 
 Gmelini, 24. 
 Grayanus, 21. 
 Grayi, 29. 
 halophihis, 23. 
 Hartwegi, 27. 
 Harveiji, 32. 
 hebecarpus, 38. 
 hederaceus, 22. 
 hederacens, 21, 22. 
 hesperoxi/s, 34. 
 keterojihyllus, 21. 
 hirsiitus, 38. 
 hi.spidus, 36. 
 hispidus, 36. 
 Uookeri, 29. 
 Horuemanni, 20. 
 hiimilis, 26. 
 hydmcharis, 20, 22. 
 hydrocharoides, 26. 
 hyperhoreus, 2.5. 
 hi/perhoreus, 25. 
 liystriculus, 22, 462. 
 h^istrir.n/us, 23. 
 
 J'uniperiiius, 463. 
 acustris, 24. 
 Langsdorfii, 25. 
 
 lanuginosus, 33. 
 Iva])ponicus, 25. 
 Lapponicus, 12, 29. 
 /axicaulls, 26. 
 Lenimoni, 28, 463. 
 l.cmmoni, 29. 
 limosits, 25. 
 Liiit/iia, 27. 
 Lohl)ii, 22. 
 lung I rosin's, 21. 
 /»cvV/»s, 37. 
 Liidoviciaiuis, 35. 
 Macaulevi, 28. 
 Macouiiii, 36. 
 niairaiitlius, 37. 
 tnacra lit litis, 38. 
 Marihindicus, 37. 
 maximits, .38. 
 wirrcDitlnts, 32. 
 A^flss(luri<'nsis, 24. 
 niultifidus, 24. 
 mnltijidus, 25. 
 iiiurifatiis, 38. 
 uataiis, 25. 
 Aelsonii, 33, 34. 
 nitidns, 32, 36. 
 nivalis, 28. 
 w/ra//.s, 28,31. 
 Nuttallii, 23. 
 obloiigifolius, 26. 
 ohtusiusculus, 20, 27. 
 occideutalis, 33. 
 orcidentalis, 33, 34, 37. 
 Oncost ijli, 33. 
 ornitliorhi/nrns, 38. 
 orthorbvnclius, 37. 
 orthorhynchus, 29, 38. 
 oralis, 31. 
 oxvnotus, 28. 
 I'alla.'^ii, 24. 
 Pullassii, 24. 
 palmatus, 37. 
 pantotlirix, 21. 
 parviflorus, 38. 
 parvljlorus, 38. 
 parvulus, 38. 
 parvulus, 35. 
 pedatijidiis, 29, 31. 
 Pennsylvanicus, 35. 
 Pennsijlvanicns, 33, 36. 
 pliilonotis, 37, 38. 
 plantiKjinifolius, 23. 
 Popniago, 27, 463. 
 Porteri, 21. 
 prostrntus, 36. 
 Pseud o-IIiradus, 27. 
 pidchellus, 27. 
 I'urshii, 24. 
 Pursln'l, 24, 25. 
 pusillus, 26. 
 pusilliis, 20, 25, 26. 
 pygniiEUs, 29. 
 rddicans, 25. 
 recurvatus, 33, 463. 
 /Y'r»/-)v(r».s-, 33, 34. 
 repeiis, 36. 
 rfy^eos, 28, 36, 37, 38. 
 
 reptans, 26, 27. 
 
 i-boniboideus, 31. 
 
 rig id us, 21. 
 
 riignlosus, 35. 
 
 liiitkenicus, 23. 
 
 Sabinii, 29. 
 
 salsiiginosus, 23. 
 
 scinicuhr/'onnis, 33. 
 
 kSardous, 38. 
 
 sceleratus, 33. 
 
 Sclilerhtendidii, 34, 37. 
 
 septentrionalis, 37. 
 
 septentrionalis, 28, 36, 37. 
 
 stagnatalis, 21. 
 
 stoloiiifer, 26. 
 
 subsagittatus, 30. 
 
 Suksdorfii, 30. 
 
 sulphureus, 28. 
 
 teneilus, 33. 
 
 Texensis, 26. 
 
 tomentosus, 33, 37. 
 
 tracliyspermos, 38. 
 
 tracliy-spermus, 25, 2& 
 
 trirho'phyllus, 21. 
 
 tridentatus, 23. 
 
 trifoliiis, 36. 
 
 triternatus, 29. 
 
 tuberosus, 20. 
 
 Turueri, 34. 
 /?rt;}a, 133. 
 Rape, 133. 
 Kaphanus, 102, 132, 468. 
 
 Eaphauistruni, 132, 468. 
 
 sativus, 133. 
 Red Campion, 227. 
 
 Grape, 423. 
 
 Lychnis, 227. 
 
 Maple, 437. 
 Redoutea, 337. 
 
 heterophi/lla. 338. 
 Reseda, 188,' 474. 
 
 alba, 188. 
 
 dipetala, 188. 
 
 lini folia, 188. 
 
 lutea, 188, 474. 
 
 Luteola, 188. 
 
 odorata, 188. 
 
 Phyteuma, 188. 
 
 subu/ata, 188. 
 RESEDACEiE, 187, 474. 
 Resedella dipetala, 188. 
 
 subulata, 188. 
 Reynosia, 402, 405. 
 
 latifolia, 405. 
 Rhaconia, 396, 399. 
 
 Crossopetalum, 399. 
 
 ilicifolia, 399. 
 RHAMNACE.E, 401. 
 
 RlIAMNEyK, 402. 
 
 Rhamnidium, 402, 404. 
 
 ferreum, 404. 
 Rhamnufi, 402, 406. 
 
 ahiifolia, 407. 
 
 anonrpfolia, 408. 
 
 bclnlivfniia, 408. 
 
 Californica, 408. 
 
 Californica, 408. 
 
INDKX. 
 
 499 
 
 Caroliniana, 407. 
 
 catharUca, 407. 
 
 colubrinus, 418. 
 
 crocea, 40C. 
 
 Drmninondii, 418. 
 
 ellipticns, 418. 
 ferreus, 404. 
 JerriKjiiiPiis, 418. 
 
 Frangula, 407. 
 J'raiujuloliles, 407. 
 
 Humboldlutnus, 405. 
 
 ilici/olia, 406. 
 
 insulin is, 406. 
 
 lanceolata, 407. 
 
 lauri/olius, 408. 
 
 leurodermis, 408. 
 
 minutlflorus, 406. 
 
 obtusi'/olius, 403. 
 
 occidcntalis, 408. 
 
 olei/oliits, 408. 
 
 parrifolius, 407. 
 
 piri/olia, 406. 
 
 I'lirshiaua, 408. 
 
 PnrshidiKi, 408. 
 
 rH^ra, 408. 
 
 scitndens, 405. 
 
 S/torlii, 407. 
 
 S mi III a, 407. 
 
 Ttxtiisls, 418. 
 
 tomenUlla, 408. 
 
 uinhellatus, 405. 
 
 volitbilis, 405. 
 Rheumatism-root, 72. 
 lihoicissus, 430. 
 Khus, 381. 
 iZAujJ, 382. 
 
 jmcr/canus, 382. 
 
 aromatica, 385, 386. 
 
 Blodffettii, 382. 
 
 Canailensis, 385. 
 
 CaiKidensis, 383, 384. 
 
 Caroliniana, 384. 
 
 copallina, 384. 
 
 cotinoides, 382. 
 Cotinus, 382. 
 
 diversiloba, 383. 
 
 eleijans, 384. 
 
 flal)ra, 384. 
 lindsiana, 385. 
 /i (>/((, 384. 
 
 hi/i>si'lodp))dro)i, 384. 
 integrifolia, 385. 
 intcijrifolid, 385. 
 laurina, 383. 
 Lentil, 385. 
 leucantha, 384. 
 /o/M^a, 383. 
 Metopium, 382. 
 Me.'cieana, 386. 
 Michauxii, 384. 
 microphylla, 386. 
 ovata, 385. 
 piimila, 384. 
 inimila, 383. 
 radiciins, 382, 383. 
 seni per rite ns, 385. 
 suaveolens, 385. 
 
 Toxieoilenilnjn, 382. 
 
 'J'oxicodrudioii, 372, 383. 
 
 tinffM:,trpii, 382, 383. 
 
 Iriliilidltt, 386. 
 
 typliiiia, 384. 
 
 \''<iit,/iiuiia, 381. 
 
 venenata, 38.3. 
 
 r.r;ijj-, 383. 
 
 rerrucosa, 38.3. 
 
 virens, .385. 
 
 viridijioia, 384. 
 Riedlea, 340. 
 
 elongatd, 340. 
 
 senata, 340. 
 Riedleia, 340. 
 Kivcrbank Grape, 422. 
 Uock Cress, 159. 
 
 Gr.ape, 421. 
 
 Maple, 438. 
 
 Uo.se, 189. 
 Rocket, 142. 
 KomiK-ya, 83, 87. 
 
 Coulteri, 87. 
 liopalon, 77. 
 Roripa, 146. 
 
 Americana, 146. 
 
 AniKiruria, 147. 
 
 rurrisiliipin, 148. 
 
 dirtyota, 149. 
 
 Iusi>ida, 148. 
 
 Xast art turn, 146. 
 
 oi/K.sv,, 148. 
 
 occidrntalis, 470. 
 
 jHilnstris, 147. 
 
 si'ssili flora, 149. 
 
 siiiitiitii, 147. 
 
 s/)li(irocarp(i, 148. 
 
 si/lvcslris, 147. 
 
 tenerrinia, 149. 
 
 trarlii/rarpa. 470. 
 U'«/<ert, 470. 
 Rorippa, 146. 
 Rose Mallow, 333. 
 Rose-wood, 375. 
 Round-leaved Catcliflv, 217. 
 Royal Catchflv, 217. " 
 /?»?<;•«, 437. 
 /?(//(ic Ncijundo, 440. 
 Ruta graveolens, 369. 
 Rutabaga, 133. 
 RU TACE.E, 369. 
 RlTK.K, 369. 
 Rut ox ma, 371. 
 
 Texana, 371. 
 
 Saliulina, 238. 
 Sacrliarina, 438. 
 Satred Rean, 74. 
 Sageretia, 402. 405. 
 
 Michauxii, 406. 
 
 Wrightii, 406. 
 Sagina, 210. 247. 
 
 ai)otala, 248. 
 
 crassicanlis. 249. 
 
 decunilicns, 248. 
 
 Elliotlii, 248. 
 
 J'ontinalis, 235. 
 
 intfrmrdin, 249. 
 J.ihna-i, 249. 
 Linniii, •J4H. 
 AiH/)»'<, 249. 
 tnnxima, 249. 
 nivalis, 249. 
 ucmIohu, 249. 
 occidfUtuliH, 248. 
 oriidenlaliii, 249. 
 pnx-unitM!nM, 248. 
 prmumUus. 24H. 
 sdijinoides, 249. 
 suxatilia, 249. 
 snijuliita, 248. 
 St. .lohnVwort, 284. 
 St. IVterVwort, 283. 
 Sami/df^ie, 206. 
 Sand (Jrap*', 421. 
 Sandwort, 237. 
 Sauguiuaria, 83, 86. 
 acaulis, 86. 
 Canadensis, 86. 
 grandijiora, 86. 
 vemalis, 86. 
 SAl'I.NDACK.E, 4.32. 
 SAi'iNDE.t:, 4.33. 
 Sapiudu.s 433, 443. 
 acuminata, 444. 
 aruminalus, 444. 
 Druniinundi, 444. 
 falriilus, 444. 
 'luridus, 445. 
 Manat- nsis, 444. 
 margiiiatus, 444. 
 man/inatiis, 444. 
 Sajiunaria, 444. 
 6'(//"<H(u/.i,444. 
 Saponaria, 209, 212. 
 dioira, 215. 
 officinalis, 213. 
 u[/icinalis, 212. 
 Viiccaria, 213. 
 Sarromphalus Carolinianus, 407. 
 
 firrens, 404. 
 Sarothra, 284. 
 
 Drummondii, 290. 
 gentianoides, 291. 
 Iii/periroides, 29 1 . 
 Sarracena, 79. 
 Sarracenia, 79. 
 adunca, 81. 
 calceolala, 80. 
 Catrslnri, 81. 
 Drummondii, 80. 
 flava, 81. 
 Gronovii, 80, 81. 
 hrtirophi/lln, 80. 
 Iiurop/u'illa, 80. 
 mMi'-r, 80, 81. 
 l)sittacina, 80. 
 pulchella, 80. 
 jjurjinrea, 80. 
 purpurea, SO. 
 rubra, 80. 
 Surftii, 80. 
 undulata, 80. 
 variolaris, 81. 
 
500 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 SARRACENIACE^, 79, 466. 
 Satiu-wood, 375. 
 Sauragesiaceie, 1 95. 
 Saviniona, 295, 299. 
 Scarlet Lightniug, 227. 
 
 Lychuis, 227. 
 
 Maple, 437. 
 Scliasfferia, 396, 399. 
 
 bttxi/olia, 399. 
 
 completa, 399. 
 
 c'uueifolia, 400. 
 
 frutesceus, 399. 
 Schinus discolor, 381. 
 
 Facfura, 374. 
 
 Mo'lle, 381. 
 Schizaudra, 58. 
 
 coccinea, 58. 
 
 SCHIZ ANDRE.*:, 58. 
 
 Schaiiocrambe linifolia, 469. 
 Schcepfia,394. 
 
 Americana, 394. 
 
 arhorescens, 394. 
 
 chrysophylloides, 394. 
 
 Murchii, 394. 
 
 Schrel)eri, 394. 
 Sctirvy Grass, 150. 
 Sciitiu ferrea, 404. 
 Sea Ash, 374. 
 
 Purslane, 259. 
 
 Rocket, 132. 
 Sea-island Cotton, 338. 
 Seqreqatia Michauxii, 406. 
 Selenia, 104, 151. 
 
 aurea, 151. 
 
 aureu, 151. 
 
 dissecta, 151. 
 Senebiera, 101, 129. 
 
 Corouopus, 130. 
 
 didijma, 130 
 
 pinnatifida, 130. 
 Seneca Suakeroot, 454. 
 Sericodes Greggii, 352. 
 Serjania, 433, 442. 
 
 brachycarpa, 443. 
 
 incisa, 442. 
 
 macrococca, 443. 
 
 racemosa, 442. 
 Sesuvium, 257, 259. 
 
 maritimum, 260. 
 
 jHiri-iflorum, 259. 
 
 jK-dnncuhitum, 259. 
 
 pentandrum, 260. 
 
 rortulacastrum, 259. 
 
 PortnUicastrum, 254, 259, 
 
 sessile, 259. [260. 
 
 sessile, 260. 
 Shejiherd's Purse, 131. 
 Shrub Yellow-root, 56. 
 Shrubby Althaea, .334. 
 
 Bitter-sweet, 398. 
 Sihtra fli folia, 470. 
 Sickle-pod, 162. 
 Sida, 296, 321. 
 
 Abutilon, 327. 
 
 acuta, 324. 
 
 ■aintn, 318. 
 
 alccBoides, 301. 
 
 ahhcei folia, 324. 
 angustifolia, 324. 
 unomala, 323. 
 Berhmdieri, 320. 
 bracteolata, 309. 
 Californica, 304. 
 Canariensis, 324. 
 carpinifolia, 324, 325. 
 carpinoides, 309, 325. 
 ciliaris, 323. 
 coccinea, 313. 
 cordifulia, 323. 
 crispa, 330. 
 cristata, 319. 
 cuneifolia, 322. 
 delphinifolia, 303, 305. 
 diffusa, 323. 
 dijiisa, 323. 
 dioica, 308. 
 diploscypha, 303. 
 dissecta, 313. 
 EUiottii, 325. 
 Elliottii, 323, 325. 
 fasciculata, 323. 
 Jilicaulis, 323. 
 Jiliformis, 323. 
 filipes, 326. 
 glabra, 325. 
 gracilis, 325. 
 grossularicvfolia, 314. 
 hastata, 322. 
 hederacea, 321. 
 Helleri, 322. 
 herbacea, 324. 
 hermaj>hrodita, 322. 
 hernandioides, 326. 
 keterocarpa, 324. 
 ^(Vta, 327. 
 hispid a, 308. 
 Hondensis, 324. 
 Hulseana, 327. 
 imberbis, 330. 
 incana, 329. 
 involiwrata, 323. 
 lepidota, 321. 
 lepidota, 321. 
 lignosa, 327. 
 Lindheimeri, 325. 
 Lindheivieri, 325. 
 linearis, 324. 
 longipes, 326. 
 macrorhiza, 301. 
 Madrensis, 324. 
 malvaflora, 304, 305 
 micans, 324. 
 multi flora, 324. 
 muricata, 323. 
 Napjea, 322. 
 Neo-Mexicana, 325. 
 obliqna, 321. 
 ocniata, 324. 
 Oregana, 305. 
 Palmeri, 320. 
 parr i flora, 321. 
 peda'tn, 301, 302. 
 permollis, .'{28. 
 phijsoc(di/.r, 322. 
 
 piVosa, 323. 
 
 jirocumbens, 323. 
 
 rhombifolia, 324. 
 
 rhombifulia, 325. 
 
 rotundifolia, 324. 
 
 rubro-marginuta, 325. 
 
 Sabeana, 340. 
 
 spinosa, 324. 
 
 spinosa, 324. 
 
 spirceij'olia, 325. 
 
 stellata, 316. 
 
 slipidata, 325. 
 
 sulplntrea, 321. 
 
 supiua, 323. 
 
 tragiafolia, 324. 
 
 triangularis, 319. 
 
 ovata, 323. 
 Sidalcea, 295, 302. 
 iSidalcea, 307. 
 
 asprella, 305. 
 
 atarosa, 314. 
 
 Californica, 304. 
 
 calycosa, 303. 
 
 calycosa, 303. 
 
 cainpestris, 305. 
 
 Candida, 304. 
 
 deljihinifdia, 303, 304. 
 
 diploscyplia, 303. 
 
 glaucescens, 306. 
 
 glaucescens, 305. 
 
 llartwegi, 303. 
 
 Hartwegi, 303. 
 
 Henderson!, 306. 
 
 Hickmani, 307. 
 
 Ilirkmani, 307. 
 
 hirsuta, 303. 
 
 hirsuta, 304. 
 
 humilis, 304. 
 
 malacliroides, 307. 
 
 malvaflora, 304. 
 
 malvajlora, 305, 306. 
 
 Murryana, 306. 
 
 Neo-Mexicana, 306. 
 
 Oregana, 305. 
 
 Oregana, 305, 306. 
 
 parviflora, 305. 
 
 pedata, 306. 
 
 secundijiora, 303. 
 
 spicata, 306. 
 
 sulcata, 303. 
 
 /e«('//a, 304. 
 
 viti folia, 307. 
 Sidano'da, 320. 
 SiDE/E, 296. 
 
 Side-saddle Flower, 79, 80 
 Sidoides, 308. 
 Silene, 209, 213. 
 ^■jYene, 224. 
 
 acaulis, 215. 
 
 a//^a, 216. 
 
 Anglica, 214. 
 
 antirrhina, 215. 
 
 Armeria, 215. 
 
 Baldwinii,216. 
 
 Bcrnardina, 222. 
 
 Bnliindcri, 218. 
 
 Bridgesii, 219. 
 
ixi)i:x. 
 
 501 
 
 Californica, 218. 
 cainpuuulata, 219. 
 camptinulato, 214. 
 Caroliniami, 217. 
 Catesbcei, 217. 
 cheiranthoides, 217. 
 coccinea, 217. 
 conoidea, 214. 
 Cucubaliis, 214. 
 difhotoma, 215. 
 Dorrii, 219. 
 Douglasii, 222. 
 Douglasii, 214. 
 Dm'mmondii, 22.3. 224, 225. 
 Enijflmaniii, 220, 221. 
 Jimhiiatii , 21G. 
 Gallica, 214. 
 Gravii. 222. 
 Gn',/(iii, 218. 
 Hallii, 223. 
 //«////, 214. 
 Hookeri, 218. 
 Illinoensis,2\7. 
 incarnatii, 217. 
 incomjita, 220. 
 jn/(j^i, 214. 
 laciiiiata, 218. 
 laciniula, 218. 
 Lemmoni, 219. 
 luiifiisli/tts, 219. 
 Liiisana, 221. 
 Lusitanica, 215. 
 Zva//», 22.3. 
 Maronnii, 223. 
 Menziesii, 219. 
 monanthd, 223. 
 montana, 220. 
 mntlicaulis, 223. 
 multinervia, 214. 
 nivea, 216. 
 noctiflora, 215. 
 imtaiis, 216. 
 (Kciilciitalis, 221. 
 Oregaiia, 220. 
 ovata, 216. 
 Pal inert, 219. 
 Parishii, 218. 
 pectinata, 220. 
 pecthuttd, 214. 
 I'ennsylvanica, 216. 
 plcUyoia, 221. 
 plati/petcda, 217. 
 plidtta, 220. 
 I'riuglei, 224. 
 pulchra, 218. 
 purpurala, 221. 
 guiiKitievuliiera, 215. 
 racemosa, 215. 
 regia, 217. 
 repeus, 221. 
 rei>ens, 220. 
 rotuiuiifolia, 217. 
 I'llhiciiiidii, 21 7. 
 Sargentii, 221. 
 scaposa. 22.3. 
 Sconleri, 224. 
 Scouleri, 224, 225. 
 
 Shockleijl, 220. 
 
 .sj/H»/.ni.s, 218. 
 
 S])al<lint:ii, 221. 
 
 .sy»<v-,s„, 21H. 
 
 st.ll<inoid>s, 219. 
 
 stcllala, 216. 
 
 8ul)(iliata, 217. 
 
 Suk.siL.rHi, 222. 
 
 Timrlieri, 220. 
 
 7V/i"m//, 218. 
 
 vereiumla, 221. 
 
 Virgiiiica, 217. 
 IV/v//;//--,, 217, 218. 
 
 rul<jans. 214. 
 
 \Vals..iii,222. 
 Il'„/M»n, 214. 
 
 Wrii^litii, 218. 
 Sii.i;m;.i:, 208. 
 Silver .Maple, 438. 
 Simar<>uhii,:il8. 
 Siinaruba, 377, 378. 
 
 glaiua, 378. 
 
 medicimilis, 378. 
 SIMAHUHA(M'LT':, 376. 
 
 SlMAlUHK.E, 377. 
 
 Siiuipis, 133. 
 
 uiha, 134. 
 
 arrensis, 133. 
 
 niijra, 133. 
 Sinap'islrum, 133, 183. 
 
 SiSYMHRlK.K, 102. 
 
 Si.li/mbriixi, 159. 
 Sisynihriuin, 103, 136, 469. 
 6isi/iitbrinm, 135, 175. 
 
 ariildiii/nliiin, 177. 
 
 ,l///(//-;V/, 135. 
 
 akissiinuiii, 137, 469. 
 
 (dlissi„uiin,4::i. 
 
 (irdliidoidcs, 159. 
 
 auriiulatum, 138. 
 
 brachijccirpon, 139. 
 
 brnchiicurpnm, 139. 
 
 Cidiforniciim, 139. 
 
 canescens, 139. 
 
 canescens, 139, 469. 
 
 cheiranthoides, 143. 
 
 Cuiningianum, 139. 
 
 currislli(pi<i, 148. 
 
 drflrxnm, 177. 
 
 d'rntatnm, ICO. 
 
 diffnsnm, 138. 
 
 Kdirardsii, 135. 
 
 i/ldiiiiiin, 175. 
 
 'hisfiidiim, 148. 
 
 huiiiir'nsiiw, 160. 
 
 Am/«(7.', 141, 159. 
 
 incanum, 139. 
 
 incisum, 139. 469. 
 
 invisuiii, 140. 
 
 Irio, 137. 
 
 jnnceum, 138. 
 
 lasiojilniUum, 1 77. 
 
 linifulimn, 138, 469. 
 
 i„wi,,„direllat>nn, 140. 
 
 XdStiirtinm, 146. 
 
 Xid()dr,ns,', 1.37. 
 
 oftiiinnle, 137. 
 
 offirinnU, 409. 
 
 IHdash., 147. 
 
 J '(iiiiiuniciim, 1.37. 
 
 paiicillMruiii, 13K. 
 
 pdiicij(>intm, 100. 
 
 piiinaliim, 139. 
 
 pi/i/iii<riim, 145, 177. 
 
 re /If rum, 177. 
 
 iulswjinrum, 137, 175. 
 
 ainaiiislrum, 137. 
 
 Sophia, 139, 469. 
 
 So/ihia, 1.36, 1.39. 
 
 so/ihioidi K, 139. 
 
 tdlldrrli/'olilim, I 19. 
 
 <e;T.s, 149. 
 
 Tlialiaiiuiii, UU. 
 
 ViLS.'Vi, 13H. 
 
 virgaVuiu, 138, 409. 
 
 iru/fcr/, 149. 
 Skunk (Jrape, 429. 
 Sleepy CatciiHv, 215. 
 SinelOwskia, 102, 136, 469. 
 
 Cali/ijrnicd, 139. 
 
 calyciua, 136, 469. 
 
 cimren, 135, 130. 
 
 I' "reiiioutii, 136. 
 
 ovalis, 469. 
 SiiKxjtii Smiiacli, .384. 
 SiiaiHlragnu CaUiiHy, 21.'>. 
 Soap-lierry, 444. 
 Suapwort, 212, 213. 
 Soft .Maple, 437. 
 .Sulea, 195, 204. 
 .liWeu, 205. 
 
 coucolor, 204. 
 
 s</('c/<i, 204. 
 Sophia, 138. 
 
 .SVn;.</, 469. 
 Sour Orange, 376. 
 Southern F<>.\ tirajie, 420 
 .Spanish (irajK.'. 425. 
 .spatter-dock, 77. 
 Spearwort, 26. 
 Spergula, 210, 253. 
 
 arvensi.x, 253. 
 
 decumlieiis, 248. 
 
 fontitialis. 235. 
 
 (jrarilis, 251. 
 
 nodosa, 248, 249. 
 
 ramosissima, 25.3. 
 
 rubra, 250. 
 
 sai/iuoides, 248, 249. 
 
 subnidia, 248. 
 Spergnlaria. 210. 249. 
 
 horealis, 252. 
 
 l>oria/is, 250. 
 
 campestris, 250. 
 
 Caundmsis, 252. 
 
 Clevehuuli. 251. 
 
 didudrd, 251. 
 
 niacrotheea. 252. 
 
 vtaniiudld, 252. 
 
 marina, 252. 
 
 media. 252. 
 
 Hi» «//(i, 252. 
 
 Mii|iU'lonensis. 2.50. 
 
 Miijurlomnsii, 252. 
 
502 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Platensis, 251. 
 
 ruhra, 250. 
 
 ruhra, 252, 253. 
 
 salina, 251. 
 
 salimi, 250. 
 
 salsuginea, 251. 
 
 tenuis. 251. 
 
 tenuis, 252. 
 
 villosa, 251. 
 Spej-fjulastnim, 232. 
 
 (/ramineum, 233. 
 
 lanceolatttrn, 235. 
 
 laniK/inosiim, 240. 
 Sphaeralcea, 296, 313. 
 
 acerifolia, 317. 
 
 acei-ifoUa, 317. 
 
 ambigua, 315. 
 
 ambigwt, 315, 317. 
 
 angustifolia, 31(5. 
 
 amjusti/blia, 316. 
 
 Cedrosensis, 317. 
 
 Cisplatina, 313, 315. 
 
 Coulteri, 313. 
 
 crotonoides, 318. 
 
 Emorvi, 316. 
 
 Emon/i',3\4, 31.5, 317. 
 
 Fendieri, 316. 
 
 Fendleri, 313, 317. 
 
 hastulata, 315. 
 
 iiicaua, 316. 
 
 incann, .316. 
 
 leptosf'jia/d, 318. 
 
 Liiullieimeri, 315. 
 
 Lindhi'imeri, 311. 
 
 loiigisopala, 317. 
 
 miniala, 316. 
 
 Muuroaiia, 314. 
 
 Manroana, 315. 
 
 Orcuttii, 314. 
 
 pedata, 314. 
 
 ])edatifida, 314. 
 
 rividaris, 317. 
 
 Eusbyi, 317. 
 
 stellaia, 316. 
 
 subhastata, 315. 
 
 sulphurea, 315. 
 
 Wrightii, 317. 
 Sphceralceoides, 3 1 0. 
 Sphceroma aceri/o/iiim, 317. 
 
 anqustifoUum, 316. 
 SphcBrostemma, 58. 
 Spicata, 435. 
 Spindle Tree, 396, 397. 
 Spondias lutea, 381. 
 Spondi/lant/ia aphi/lla, 431. 
 Spotted Touch-me-not, 369. 
 Spraguea, 263, 277. 
 Sprar/ttea, 278. 
 
 multireps, 278. 
 
 n!<f/«, 277. 
 
 ])anlcnl<ita, 277. 
 
 umbellata, 277. 
 Spring Beauty, 270, 271. 
 Spurry, 253. " 
 Squirrel-corn, 94. 
 Staff-tree, 398. 
 Stag-iiorn Sumach, 384. 
 
 Stanfordia, 105, 171. 
 
 ("alifornica, 172. 
 Stanleya, 105, 178. 
 'Stanlei/a, 179. 
 
 albescens, 179. 
 
 amplexi/oliu, 180, 473. 
 
 col Una, 178. 
 
 elata, 179. 
 
 fruticosa, 179. 
 
 (jracUls, 180. 
 
 /leterophijHa, 1 79. 
 
 intefirifoliu, 179. 
 
 pinnata. 179. 
 
 pinnatifida, 179. 
 
 tonientosa, 179, 
 
 viriditiora, 178. 
 
 Wus/iikina, 168. 
 Stanley.!:, 105. 
 Staphylea, 432, 434. 
 
 Bolanderi, 434. 
 
 trifolia, 434. 
 
 IrifoUata, 434. 
 
 StA PHY LINE.*:, 432. 
 
 Stap/ii/llodendroii, 434. 
 Staphijlodendron, 434. 
 
 trifoliatum, 434. 
 Star Anise, 58. 
 Starry Campion, 216. 
 Starwort, 232. 
 S/e^/id, 299. 
 Stellar! a, 210, 232. 
 Slcllaria, 228, 237. 
 
 alpestris, 235. 
 
 alsine, 234. 
 
 aquatica, 232. 
 
 aquatica, 234. 
 
 hlflora, 238, 247. 
 
 borealis, 234. 
 
 horeulis, 233, 234, 235, 236. 
 
 hrachypetala, 235. 
 
 calyc'antha, 236. 
 
 cerastoides, 231. 
 
 crassifolia, 235. 
 
 crasslfolia, 233, 235. 
 crispa, 236. 
 crispa, 236. 
 cuspldata, 232. 
 dichotoma, 237. 
 dichotoma, 236. 
 dicranoides, 237. 
 Edu-nrdsli, 234. 
 elongata, 240. 
 Fenzlii, 235. 
 fontinalis, 235. 
 glaiicn, 233. 
 qrarills, 235. 
 ■graminea, 233, 234. 
 (jrnminea, 233, 237. 
 
 GraenJandlca, 243. 
 Holostea, 237. 
 humifusa, 235. 
 humifusa, 235. 
 Jamesiana, 237. 
 Jamesii, 237. 
 /f/n^;/, 232, 241. 
 Lnhradorica, 243. 
 /(c<a, 233, 234. 
 
 lanuginosa, 240. 
 
 littoralis, 236. 
 
 longifolia, 233. 
 
 longifulia, 233, 234. 
 
 long! pes, 233, 234. 
 
 long i pes, 234. 
 
 macropet(da, 232, 245. 
 
 marginaUi , 235. 
 
 media, 232. 
 
 inoenc/toidcs, 233. 
 
 moutana, 228. 
 
 nitens, 233. 
 
 «)ViVA», 2.34. 
 
 Nuttallii, 237. 
 
 obtusa, 235. 
 
 ovaUfoUa, 239. 
 
 oi'o^a, 232. 
 
 palustris, 233. 
 
 prostrata, 232. 
 
 pubera, 236. 
 
 ruscifolia, 236. 
 
 .v^/-/c;«, 233, 234. 
 
 uligino.sa, 234. 
 
 umbellata, 233. 
 
 nnijiora, 237. 
 Ste/lularia, 232. 
 Stenophragmn, 136, 137, 140. 
 
 Thidunia, 140. 
 
 virgcitiim, 469. 
 Sicrculia platanifolia, 339. 
 S rERCl'LIAC'E^, 338. 
 Sterridieoi, 339. 
 Slewartia, 292. 
 Stipulicida, 210, 255. 
 
 liliformis, 255. 
 
 setacea, 255. 
 Storksbill, 361. 
 Strawberry Eu.'^h, 396. 
 Strcphodon, 228, 231. 
 Streptanthus, 105, 167, 470. 
 Slre])tanthus, 98, 172. 
 
 idbidns, 171, 471. 
 
 aiigustifoliiis, 166. 
 arriialiis, 164. 
 Arizonicus, 169, 471. 
 barbatus, 169, 471. 
 barbiger, 170, 472. 
 Biolettil, 171, 471. 
 bracteatus, 168, 470. 
 Brazoensis, 161. 
 Breweri, 170, 472. 
 Breweri, 168. 
 Californicus, 172. 
 campestris, 169,471. 
 carinatus, 169, 471. 
 cordatus, 169, 471. 
 cordatns, 473. 
 Coii/feri, 172. 
 crdssicaidis, 1 73. 
 diversifolius, 168, 471. 
 fave.scens, 170, 173, 177, 
 g/nbrifo/ius, 170. [178. 
 
 glaniinlosus, 171,471. 
 hesperidis, 472. 
 hesfteridis, 1 70. 
 heterophyllus, 169, 471. 
 hetero]>hi/llus, 172. 
 
IXDKX. 
 
 003 
 
 hispidus, 171, 472. 
 
 llowellii, 170,471. 
 
 Huivellii, 473. 
 
 hyaciiithoides, 170, 471. 
 
 inJiiUiis, 172. 
 
 Lerniuoui, 169, 471. 
 
 liueuri/'oliiis, 174. 
 
 loiKiiJolius, 170, 178. 
 
 longirostris, 170, 471. 
 
 matulatus, 168, 470. 
 
 micnintluis, 178. 
 
 Miklredae, 171. 
 
 Mildredte, 471. 
 
 niger, 170, 472. 
 
 obtnsi/oliuK, 168. 
 
 orbiiulatus, 472. 
 
 orbicuhttus, 168. 
 
 Purri/i, 172. 
 
 peramaentis, 171, 471. 
 
 petio/aiis, 161. 
 
 platycarpus, 168, 470. 
 
 polygaloides, 171, 473. 
 
 procerus, 173. 
 
 pulchellus, 171, 472. 
 
 saglltatus, 176. 
 
 secundiis, 171, 472. 
 
 suffriitesceus, 168, 472. 
 
 tortuosus, 168, 472. 
 
 tortuosits, 169. 
 
 versicolor, 171, 471. 
 
 virgdtus, 164. 
 Striped Maple, 436. 
 Stuarria, 291, 292. 
 
 Malacliodeudrou, 292. 
 
 Mtirilandicfi, 292. 
 
 montana, 292. 
 
 noliilis, 292. 
 
 peiitagyna, 292. 
 Viri/inica, 292. 
 Styloplii)rum, 84, 89. 
 
 diphyllum, 89. 
 
 0/iiense, 89. 
 
 petiolatum, 89. 
 Stijphoma, 38.T. 
 
 inteijrifolia, 385. 
 
 serrata, 385. 
 Subularia, 101, 130, 468. 
 
 aquatica, 130, 468. 
 Sugar Grape, 421. 
 
 Maple, 438. 
 Sumac, 383. 
 Suinaeh, 381, 383. 
 Summer Grape, 427, 428. 
 Supple Jack, 404. 
 Suriana, 377, 378. 
 
 maritima. 378. 
 SURIANE.K, 377. 
 Swallow-wort, 89. 
 Sweet Alvssum, 115. 
 Bav,"39. 
 Buckeye, 447. 
 Mountaiu Grape, 422. 
 Violet, 197. 
 William, 211. 
 Winter Grape, 425. 
 Swieteiiia. .'{87. 
 
 Maiiagoui, 387. 
 
 Mahogoni, 387. 
 Swine C'res-s, 129. 
 Sycumoro Majjle, 436. 
 Si/mi'hi/loplrurn, 75. 
 Sijndesmoii, 14. 
 
 thaliclroidi's, 14. 
 Si/ustimn arumiiiiiln, 390. 
 
 amliigua, .'$90. 
 Syntiilip.si.s, loo, 121. 
 
 Ik-rlandi.ri, 122. 
 
 Greggii, 122. 
 
 hcterocliroma, 122. 
 
 Talinopsis, 262, 264. 
 frutescens, 265. 
 Talinum, 262, 265. 
 
 tiurtnttiiicHin, 265. 
 Intir/ii//)i>diuin, 265. 
 i)revif(iliuin, 265. 
 calvcinuni, 266. 
 ronfcrlijiorum, 266. 
 Immile, 265. 
 lincare, 265. 
 Menziesil, 269. 
 Mextcnnum, 266. 
 moiuindrum, 278. 
 nujiijorme, 266. 
 ])itui(ul(tlnm, 265. 
 parviriorum, 266. 
 parcijiorum, 266. 
 patens, 265. 
 pygmirum, 268. 
 refic.rum, 265. 
 sarminlosum, 265. 
 spatliulaluin, 265. 
 spine.'^cens, 266. 
 tereti folium, 266. 
 I pri'li folium, 266. 
 TAMARLSCIXE.E, 279. 
 Tamarisk, 279. 
 Tamarix, 279. 
 
 (iallica, 279. 
 Tansy Mustard, 139. 
 Tea- riant, 291. 
 TERNSTIUEMIACE.E, 291 
 Tetragonc/la, 260. 
 Tetragonia, 257, 260. 
 
 e.xpan.sa, 260. 
 Tetragonocarpus, 260. 
 Tctrapomd hnrbarervfolium, 148 
 Kru/isidnum, 148. 
 pi/ri forme, 148. 
 Tlialictrum, 1, 14, 462. 
 Thai id rum. 14. 
 alpinum, 14. 
 anemouindi !>, 14. 
 aipiitigifolium, 18. 
 ccrsium, 16. 
 cdmpeatre, 462. 
 Carnliuianum. 11, 17. 
 clavatum, 15. 
 clavatum, 15. 
 coriaceum, 17, 462. 
 Gornuti. 17. 
 Cornuli, 18, 462. 
 cori/iirlhtm, I 7. 
 dosi/ciirpum, 17. 
 
 dcl.ile, 18. 
 di.<i.um, 17. 
 diuiciim, llj, 17. 
 disriJor, 18. 
 Femlli-ri, 15, 462. 
 Fendten, 10. 
 Jilipes, 15. 
 glttur.um, 18. 
 gnirrotens, 17. 
 litsjierium, 16. 
 Kemensr, 15. 
 Ill figiitum, 17. 
 tfui iisli miiu, 1 7. 
 marrostylum, 17. 
 migiiriirpum, 16. 
 niiiill.s, 15. 
 nudiriiulv, 15. 
 oiridenUle, 16,462. 
 /Milmulum, 18. 
 plulijiiirpum, 462. 
 jiulyearpum, 16. 
 polygamiim, 17, 462. 
 puhiscins, 17. 
 piirpurascens, 17. 
 ninunrutinum, 18. 
 rcvolutum, 17. 
 rugiisum, 17, 18. 
 .-iparsiliorum, 15. 
 venulo.sum, 16, 462. 
 venulosum, 15. 
 
 »r,/yi///, 16. 
 Thamnosma. 370, 371. 
 Thamnosmii, 369. 
 nicjutana, 371. 
 Texaua, 371. 
 Theh podium, 105, 173, 473. 
 Thelj/podium, 137, 1.50, 170, 172, 
 amliiguum. 176. 
 aureum, 176. 
 nnreum. 137. 
 (luriculiilum, 138. 
 
 lirai'iivcarpum, 174. 
 
 Cooperi, 174. 
 
 elegans, 176. 
 
 elegiins, 137. 
 
 encosmum, 175. 
 
 rtav .scen.s, 177. 
 
 tlexuosum. 175. 
 
 Hookeri. 177. 
 
 llowellii. 174. 47.3. 
 
 inti'^irifnlinm. 176. 
 
 Jaciniatum. 177. 
 
 liLsiopliyllum. 177, 473. 
 
 Lemmoni. I7S. 
 
 linearifoliiim. 174. 
 
 longifolium, 178. 
 
 low/i/olium. 178. 
 
 niiorantlium. 178. 
 
 nuihclum, 177. 
 
 Nnttallii. 176. 
 
 /.rrnvrHHi, 173. 
 
 rigidnm, 177. 
 
 .«agitfatnm. 175. 
 
 siiiiiltiitum, 175. 
 
 saisuiiinonm, 175,473. 
 
 stenojielaliini, 176. 
 
 \HM'\\. 175. 
 
504 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Vaseyi, 138. 
 
 Wrightii, 177. 
 Theubruma, 339. 
 Thespesia, 297, 337. 
 
 populuea, 337. 
 Thla.^pi, 101, 123. 
 
 alpcstre, 12.3. 
 
 arvfii^e, 123. 
 
 /Jursa-pastoris, 131. 
 
 Califoruicum, 124. 
 
 cochlearl/onne, 124. 
 
 Fendleri, 124. 
 
 motttanttm, 124. 
 
 tuberosum, 15t). 
 
 Virijinianum, 127. 
 Thrijallis anqustijblia, 351. 
 Thurberia, 338. 
 
 thespesioides, 338. 
 Thvme-leaved Saudwort, 239. 
 Thysanocarpus, 100, 113,468. 
 Thysanocarpus, 112. 
 
 conchuliferus, 113. 
 
 crenatus, 114. 
 
 curvipes, 113. 
 
 curvipes, 114. 
 
 eleguns, 114. 
 
 laciniatus, 114, 468. 
 
 obloiH/ifolius, 113. 
 
 pulc/iellus, 114. 
 
 pusi/lus, 113. 
 
 radians, 114. 
 
 ramosus, 114. 
 Tilia, 342, 343. 
 
 a//;a, 344. 
 
 Americana, 343. 
 
 Americana, 343, 344. 
 
 argentea, 344. 
 
 Canadensis, 343. 
 
 Caroliniana, 343. 
 
 Europaea, 343. 
 
 glabra, 343. 
 
 grandifolia, 343. 
 
 heterophvlla, 344. 
 
 /a.r/^ora,"343, 344. 
 
 n^z/ra, 343. 
 
 rotundi folia, 344. 
 
 parvifolia, 343. 
 
 pubescens, .343. 
 
 pubescens, 343. 
 TILIACE^, 342. 
 Tz'ssa, 250. 
 
 Canadensis, 252. 
 
 Clevelandi, 251. 
 
 diandra, 251. 
 
 gracilis, 251. 
 
 'leucantka, 253. 
 
 macrotheca, 253. 
 
 marina, 252. 
 
 pallida, 253. 
 
 n/6m, 250, 251. 
 
 Srt//«n, 252. 
 
 sparsijlora, 252. 
 
 tenuis, 251. 
 
 vnlida, 253. 
 
 villosa, 251. 
 Titi, 393. 
 Tobinia, 375. 
 
 Toothache-tree, 373, 374. 
 Toothwort, 153. 
 Torch-wood, 375. 
 Touch-me-not, 369. 
 Tower Mustard, 160. 
 Toxicodendron, 381, 382. 
 
 crenatum, 383. 
 
 pubescens, 383. 
 
 serratum, 383. 
 
 volubilis, 383. 
 
 vulgare, 383. 
 Trautvetteria, 1, 18. 
 
 Caroliniensis, 18. 
 
 graudis, 18. 
 
 palmata, 18. 
 
 palmala, 18. 
 Treacle Mustard, 142. 
 Tree of Heaven, 378. 
 Triadenum, 284. 
 Trianthema, 256, 259. 
 
 monogijna, 259. 
 
 Portuiacastrum, 259. 
 Tribulus, 353. 
 
 brachystylis, 354. 
 
 Californicus, 354. 
 
 cistoides, 354. 
 
 Fischeri, 355. 
 
 grandiflorus, 355. 
 
 maximus, 354. 
 
 terrestris, 354. 
 
 terrestris, 354. 
 
 trijugatus, 354. 
 Tricerma, 398. 
 
 crassi/olium, 398. 
 Trichocarpa, 383. 
 Triclisperina grandijlora, 453. 
 Trilicina, 68. 
 Trionum, 336. 
 Triumfetta, 342. 
 
 semitriloba, 342. 
 Trollius, 2, 40. 
 
 Americanus, 40. 
 
 Europseus, 40. 
 
 laxus, 40. 
 Tropaeolum, 357, 363. 
 
 majus, 363. 
 Tropidocarpum, 103, 141, 469. 
 
 capparideum, 141. 
 
 dubium, 141. 
 
 gracile, 141. 
 
 scabriusculum, 141. 
 Trnm pet-leaf, 81. 
 Trumpets, 79, 81. 
 Tri/phane, 238. 
 Tulipastrum Americanum, 61. 
 Tnlipifera, 61. 
 Tulip-tree, 61. 
 Tunica, 209, 212. 
 
 prolifera, 212. 
 
 saxifraga, 212. 
 Turkey Grape, 428. 
 Turnip, 133. 
 Turpinia glabra, 386. 
 
 pubescens, 386. 
 Turritis, 159, 163. 
 
 brachycarpa, 163. 
 
 diffusa, 175. 
 
 <7/a6m, 160, 163. 
 la cigala, 162. 
 lasiopliijila, \11. 
 viacrocarpa, 160. 
 7«o//is, 160. 
 oraYa, 163. 
 patula, 164, 165. 
 retrofracta, 164. 
 salsuginea, 175. 
 spathulata, 163. 
 s^ric^a, 163, 166. 
 Twin-Leaf, 71. 
 
 Umbrella-tree, 60. 
 Ungnadia, 434, 445. 
 
 hepta/ihi/tla, 446. 
 
 heterophylla, 446. 
 
 speciosa, 445. 
 Upland Cotton, 338. 
 Urena, 297, .331. 
 C/re«a, 331. 
 
 lobata, 331. 
 Urene.?:, 296. 
 Urvillea, 433,441. 
 
 Berteriana, 442. 
 
 Mexicana, 442. 
 
 triphylla, 442. 
 
 ulmacea, 442. 
 Uvaria obovata, 63, 464. 
 
 parviflora, 63. 
 
 pygmcea, 64. 
 
 triloba, 63. 
 Uvarice, 63. 
 
 Vaccaria, 213. 
 
 vulgaris, 213. 
 Vaccinium mucronatum, 391. 
 Valley Grape, 426. 
 Vancouveria, 67, 71. 
 
 aurea, 71. 
 
 chrysantha, 71. 
 
 hexandra, 71. 
 
 hexandra, 71. 
 
 parviflora, 71. 
 
 planipetala, 71. 
 Varnish-trees, .383. 
 Veatchia Cedrosensis, 381. 
 
 discolor, 381. 
 Velarum, 137. 
 Velezia, 209, 210. 
 
 latifolia, 207. 
 
 rigida, 211. 
 Velvef-leaf, 327. 
 Uesicarm, 116, 121. 
 
 alpina, 117. 
 
 angusti folia, 119, 120. 
 
 arcticd, 118, 120. 
 
 arenosa, 118. 
 
 argyrea, 120. 
 
 auriculata, 116. 
 
 Berlandieri, 118. 
 
 brevistyla, 116. 
 
 densiflora, 117. 
 
 didymoc.arpa, 121. 
 
 En'gelmanni, 120. 
 
 Fendleri, 120. 
 
 Geyen, 121. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 ;jU-j 
 
 (jlobosu, 118. 
 
 'Gurdoni, 120. 
 
 ijmnlis, IIK. 
 
 '(jnuiilijloni, 118, 111). 
 
 KiiKjii, 117. 
 
 lasiocarjui, 116. 
 
 Lesniiii, 116. 
 
 Lindheimeri, 119. 
 
 Ludoviciima, 117, 118, 
 
 monUina, 117, 118. 
 
 Ntitlul/it, 119. 
 
 occklenUditi, 117. 
 
 pallida, 119. 
 
 pill ijniil lid, 119. 
 
 palrlulla, 120. 
 
 pnrparen, 1 19. 
 
 reciirvdta, 119. 
 
 repitnda, 119. 
 
 Shoiiii, 118. 
 
 steHoplii/lla, 120. 
 Villnrsia peltata, 74. 
 Vine, 420. 
 
 Maple, 4.37. 
 Viola, 195, 474. 
 
 acu^a, 198. 
 
 adunca, 203. 
 
 a//('H/s, 196. 
 
 lilbijiora, 203. 
 
 Aller//ia7nensis, 197. 
 
 amnna, 198. 
 
 annaria, 203. 
 
 arvensis, 204. 
 
 asari/olio, 196, 203. 
 
 attennata, 198. 
 
 (7Mr(V(, 200. 
 
 15eL-kwithii, 200. 
 
 Beck- with a, 201. 
 
 bicoloi; 204. 
 
 biflora, 199. 
 
 /»///ora, 201. 
 
 biaiula, 198. 
 
 biunda, 198. 
 
 banal is, 197. 
 
 linioksii, 200. 
 
 Caiuulensi-s, 202. 
 
 Canadensis, 201. 
 
 caniua, 203, 47.'). 
 
 canina, 203. 
 
 chrysantlia, 200. 
 
 clin/santha, 201. 
 
 ciliala, 197. 
 
 clandestiiia, 198, 199. 
 
 concolor, 204. 
 
 congener, 196. 
 
 consnersn, 203. 
 
 cnrdata, 196. 
 
 cordi folia, 196. 
 
 cuntllala, 196, 197. 
 
 I'liuoata, 202. 
 
 f/(V«/rs-, 203. 
 
 delphini/olia, 196. 
 
 di'iilala, 197. 
 
 di</itatii, 196. 
 lioiiqlasii, 200. 
 
 ('(/»//.'!. 196. 
 
 eman/iiiala, 197. 
 
 rj>ipsiln, 197. 
 
 474. 
 
 eriocarpa, 202. 
 Jimbriatula, 197. 
 Jiabelli/uliu, 195. 
 qibbosa, 201. 
 ■glabella, 201,475. 
 t/luMla, 201. 
 "llallii, 200. 
 iixstata. 201. 
 /leleroplii/lla, 196. 
 /</Wa, 201. 
 Ilowcllii, 204. 
 Kiimlsrliatira, 197. 
 /.ahniiloiica, 20.i. 
 laiiicuhita, 19S, 47 
 Laii!,'s<|.irnii 
 Laiiys(l..rtii,474. 
 Li wisiana, 203. 
 liii'iiKi/ulia, 199. 
 lobata, 201. 
 loiiijipes, 203. 
 M'aclosh'i/i, 198. 
 jninddlis,' \d7, 204. 
 iiioiitanii, 200. 
 Mulilinlxri/iana, 203 
 Miildinbea/ii, 203. 
 miillicaiilis, 20.3. 
 Nuttallii, 199. 
 Nutlallii, 200. 
 oblitpia, 196, 198. 
 ocellata, 202. 
 or/i role Ilea, 203. 
 odorata, 197. 
 orbicidata, 199. 
 ovata, 197. 
 palniata, 196. 
 palmata, 197. 
 l)alustris, 197. 
 palustris, 198. 
 papilionarea, 196. 
 parva, 198. 
 pedata, 195. 
 pedata, 195, 196. 
 pedatitida, 196, 474. 
 podiuiculata, 199. 
 Pennsi/lntuica, 202. 
 pinctorum, 200. 
 pinnata, 196. 
 l)raeinorsa, 200. 
 pnimorsa, 199. 
 liiiimila'folia, 198. 
 prlninlifolia, 197. 
 pul)esceiis, 202. 
 pnbesrens, 201. 
 punctata, 203. 
 purinura, 200. 
 radirans, 20.3. 
 ranuncnlifiilia, 196. 
 rinifolia] 198. 
 repcns, 203. 
 rostrata, 204. 
 rotiindifolia, 198. 
 roliimUl'iilia, 199. 
 .«a-,'ittata, 196. 
 sai/itlata, 197. 
 saniiento.sa, 199. 
 srabriiiscula. 202. 
 Sroulirii, 201. 
 
 S<-lkirkii, 197. 474. 
 
 :S,lii,k,i, I'JH. 
 
 srptemlolia, 196. 
 
 Stpioiensis. 201. 
 
 Shi-ltoiiii. 20U. 
 
 suroria, 196. 
 
 Striata, 2(i2. 
 
 Biriatii, 2()l. 2a3. 
 
 sifUestrix, 'iW. 
 
 tenilla, 204. 
 
 tric<»lor. 204. 
 
 tnlulxi, 196. 
 
 triiicrvata, 201. 
 
 tri/Mirlitu, 201. 
 
 umbrosa, 197. 
 
 uniflora, 201, 202. 
 
 verliriUala, 205. 
 
 i-('//osa. 196. 
 VIOLACKiE, 194, 474. 
 Violet, 195. 
 lVo/H«, 5. 
 
 ci/lindrica, 7. 
 
 urniijira, 5. 
 Virginia {-'reciMT, 431. 
 Virgin's Bower, 4. 
 lV.vcrtr/«, 224, 227. 
 \'1TACK.K, 419. 
 Vilicella, 5. 
 
 r,-/,v/»,, 7. 
 \'iti.s, 420. 
 IV//*-, 4.30. 
 
 ucj</<i, 430, 431. 
 
 a;.<tivali.s, 427. [429.430. 
 
 lestiuulis, 420,425, 42f., 42.s, 
 
 Americana, 427. 
 
 antptlata, 421. 
 
 araneosits, 427. 
 
 arborea, 4.30. 
 
 argentljolia, 428. 
 
 Arizuncnsis, 426. 
 
 Arizonica, 425. 
 
 .(4njon/«i, 423, 426. 
 
 Baileyana, 424. 
 
 Berlandieri, 425. 
 
 Berlandieri, 422. 423. 
 
 bicolor, 428. 
 
 ^iV-«/„r, 426. 427. 
 
 bipinnata, 4.30. 
 
 lilanroi, 428. 
 
 /i/.»H»/i', 429. 
 
 lionpiiniinui, 428. 
 
 bnirlrata, 427. 
 
 Californica. 426. 
 
 Califomira, 426. 
 
 candicans, 428. 
 
 candiians, 423. 427, 429. 
 
 Caribjea. 42S. 
 I'arilHra. 425.426. 429. 
 
 Cbanipini, 423. 
 
 cinerea, 425. 
 
 riWnyi, 425. 426, 427, 429. 
 
 cordifolia. 424. 
 
 cordi/olia, 422, 423. 
 
 coriacfa, 429. 
 
 divrrsif'iJia, 428. 
 Doanianii, 427. 
 Ihiaiiiana, 423. 
 
506 
 
 INDEX, 
 
 Floridana, 421. 
 Foexeana, 422. 
 Girdiaua, 426. 
 kederacea, 431. 
 Illinoensis, 422. 
 /nc("sa, 431. 
 indirisa, 430. 
 Labrusca, 429. 
 Zai;«st«, 420,422, 427,429. 
 Lincecumii, 427. 
 Linsecomii, 428. 
 LoDgii, 423. 
 Loii;iii, 427. 
 ^Jissoitriensis, 422. 
 monosjterma , 424. 
 monticola, 422. 
 montlcola, 423, 423, 426. 
 Muasoiiiiuia, 421. 
 muscadiiia, 421. 
 Miistati(/ettsis, 429. 
 Nortoni, 427. 
 Nuevo-Mexicuna, 423. 
 occidentnlis, 427. 
 odoratissima, 422. 
 palmata, 423. 
 palmata, 424. 
 pelUita, 421. 
 pubescens, 432. 
 pulhiria, 424. 
 rjuilK/Hcfhlid, 431. 
 riparia, 422, 424. 
 rotuudifolia, 420. 
 rotundifoliu, 421. 
 ridtra, 424. 
 nipestris, 421 . 
 rujiestrls, 423. 
 serotina, 422. 
 Siinpsoui, 429. 
 Solorus, 423. 
 Sf/lvesfn's, 427. 
 tdurinn, 421. 
 tenuij'olia, 422. 
 Teratui, 422. 
 Treleasei, 423. 
 verrucosa, 421. 
 vinifera, 420, 427, 428. 
 Virglninnti, 425. 
 vnlpina, 422. 
 
 vnlpina, 421, 422, 423, 424, 
 [427, 429. 
 
 Wafer-ash, 372. 
 lfV)/,//i.'/7/f-//««/^-«/s, 226. 
 
 a/if'ifda, 226. 
 
 tri flora, 22."). 
 AVahoo, 60, 397. 
 Walteriann, 393. 
 
 Caroliniensis, 393. 
 Waltheria, 339, 341. 
 
 Americana, 341. 
 
 detoiisa, 341. 
 Waiikapiu, 75. 
 Warea, 105, 179,473. 
 
 aiiiplexifolia, 180, 473. 
 
 amplextfolia, 473. 
 
 cuiieifo'lia, 180, 473. 
 
 sessilifolia, 473. 
 n'(()7ie(ju, 56. 
 Wart Cress, 129. 
 Watflies, 81. 
 Water Chiuc]ua])in, 75. 
 
 Cress, 146. 
 Water-Lilv, 75. 
 \Vat(>r-slii;-l<l. 74. 
 W:iIcr\V(irt, 281. 
 Woidlandia Carol iniana, 65. 
 
 jiojiulijolia, 65. 
 West lud. Birch, 380. 
 Western Wall-flower, 143. 
 White Bay, 59. 
 
 Campion, 227. 
 
 Canella, 206. 
 
 Iron Wood, 445. 
 
 Laurel, 59. 
 
 Mustard, 134. 
 
 Winter's Bark, 206. 
 White-wood, 61, 206. 
 Whitlow-grass, 106. 
 Wild Cabbage, 172. 
 
 China Tree, 444, 
 
 Cinnamon, 206. 
 
 Lime, 394. 
 
 ( )range, 374. 
 
 rink, 216. 
 
 Kadish, 132. 
 Wind-fiuwer, 9. 
 Wine Grape, 428. 
 Winter Aconite, 42. 
 
 Cress, 149. 
 
 Grape, 424, 425. 
 Wintei-ania Can<lla, 206. 
 Winterberry, 391. 
 
 WiNTERE.E, 58. 
 WInterlia tri flora, 390. 
 Winter's Bark, 206. 
 Wi.<li/,enia, 181, 186. 
 
 Palmeri, 186. 
 
 refracta, 186. 
 Wissadnla, 296, 326. 
 
 holosericea, 326. 
 
 ijinrronn/ala, 326. 
 
 pprifiloci folia, 326. 
 
 rostrata, 326. 
 
 Xfi/lanira, 326. 
 Wulfsl.ane, 52. 
 
 W 1 Sorrel, 364. 
 
 W<K)d])ine, 431. 
 Worm-seed Mustard, 143. 
 
 Xanthorrhiza, 3, 56. 
 
 apiifolia, 56. 
 
 siwpliclssiina, 56. 
 Xatithorrhizece,3. 
 Xantiioxyle.e, 370. 
 Xanthoxylum, 370, 373. 
 Xaitl/ioxi/litm, 375. 
 
 alveolatum 374. 
 
 Americanum, 373. 
 
 aromaticum, 374. 
 
 Cariliaium, 375. 
 
 Caroliniunum, 374. 
 
 Catesbiauiiiii, 374. 
 
 Clava-Ilercnlis, 374. 
 
 Clara-IIcrciilis, 374, 375. 
 
 coriaceum, 375. 
 
 cribusuiii, 375. 
 
 Elephantiaxin, 375. 
 
 emarti'tnatum, 375. 
 
 Faijara, 374. 
 
 flavum, 375. 
 
 Floridanum, 375. 
 
 fraxinfum, .374. 
 
 J'raxinifiiliii in , , 374. 
 
 /tirsntiini, 374. 
 
 inacrojdiijiluiii, 374. 
 
 mite, 374. 
 
 Pterota, 374. 
 
 ramijiorum, 374, 
 
 Texanum, 374. 
 
 tricarpum, 374. 
 
 Tweed ii, 374. 
 Ximenia, 394. 
 
 Americana, 394, 
 
 mnltl flora, 394. 
 
 ramosissima, 394. 
 
 Yaupon, 389. 
 Yeard, 383. 
 Yellow Cress, 147. 
 Pond-Lily, 77, 
 , Puccoon, 56. 
 Rocket, 149. 
 Yellow-root, 56. 
 Yellow-weed, 188. 
 Yellow-wood, 373. 
 
 Zanthorhiza, 56. 
 Zanthoxiilum, 373, 374. 
 
 ZlZYPHE.^, 401. 
 
 Zisi/phiis, 403. 
 
 Uumiuf/ensis, 418, 
 
 emarc/inalits, 404, 
 
 lijcioides, 403. 
 
 obtusifolia, 403. 
 
 Parr'yi, 404. 
 
 vohdi'dis, 405. 
 ZYGOPIIVLLACE^E, 3.52. 
 Zi/iiiiji/ii/lltiin ('allfornicum, 356. 
 
 tridentatum, 356.