i ■ ,r» 1 .11 P i 0rl # L 1 ; i ah^S-lilitlllCibrarij ^arth (tarnlina ^latF This book was presented by B39 f4^)2:?i4>Sl5f4\^lg^P;^l5^^ 8207G This book must not be taken from the Library building. Algole Colours. CHAS. 11, siOPiE <<&J/uSS£LLI CHEMICAL CO. Tim Bi\yi}\ Ojiiipaiiy, lilt. Branch Offices: 117 Hudson Street NEW YORK. 32 India Street BOSTON Mass. 56 Pine Street I'ROVirJIiNCE R. 1. 908 Chestnut Street PHILADELPHIA Pa. 146 West Kinzie Street CHICAGO 111. 14 Front Street Rast TORONTO, Ont. (Canada). Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from NCSU Libraries http://www.archive.org/details/algolecoloursOObaye Preface. In the year 1907, we placed 011 the market our first vat colours, viz : Algole Blue C F and Algole Green B. Since then, we have added so many new brands to this important class of fast coloin's that we recently decided to issue a brodiure siimmarising the properties and uses of these vat dyestutfs and giving the recipes for their application. Hence the present volume which, we hope, will do miidi to make our Algoles more generally known and appreciated. The Bayer Company, Inc. 820*^0 Table of Contents. Preface. Introduction 1—3 Articles for wliicli the Algole & Alizarine indigo Colours may be employed .... 4 Properties of the Algole Colours 5 10 Algok Yellow 30 ^ „ 30 L 5 „ R 5 „ WF 5 Lcucole Yellow O ^ Algole Brilliant Grange FR 5 Algole Orange R ^ Algole Red 5 Q 5 „ 2 G 6 Algole Scarlet G ^ Algole Pink R fj „ TR 6 Algole Brilliant Red 2 B 6 Algole Red FF extra ^ „ R e.\tra 6 ., „ B ^ Algole Bordeau.K 3B ' Algole Corinth R . . . . Algole Brilliant Violet 2B R Algole Violet B ° Algole Blue 3R ^ „ ., K 8 „ CF ^ „ 3G ^ Algole Green B Leucolc Dark Green B Algole Olive R ^ g Algole Brown G .. ., R 9 9 Leucolc Brown B Page Algole Grey B 9 „ 2B 9 Algole Black CL 9 „ RO 9 Alizarine Indigo Red B 9 Alizarine Indigo G .' 9 „ 7 • 10 Brome Indigo F B 10 Appearance of the Algole and Alizarine Indigo Colours in the Reduced State .... 10 Directions for the Cold-djxing Algole and Leucole Colours 11 Directions for the Hot-dyeing Algole and Leucole Colours 12 Special Recipe for Algole Blue CF, Leucole Dark Green B and Leucole Brown B . .13 Recipe for Brome Indigo F B 13 „ „ Alizarine Indigo G 14 „ Alizarine Indigo 7G 15 „ Alizarine Indigo Red B 15 Aftertreatment to increase the Fastness to Boiling of Alizarine Indigo G & 7G . . .16 to accelerate the Oxidation of tlie Algole and Leucole Colours ... 16 Tlie Dyeing of Yam in the Hank 17 „ „ Cops, Cheeses and Warp-beams in Machines 18 — 20 „ „ „ Cotton, Linen and Half-linen Pieces 20—22 „ Silk Yam 23 Comparative Strength of the Paste and Powder Qualities 24 Tabulated Recipes 24—27 The Dyeing of Combination Shades 28—30 Table showing the Fastness of the Algole or Vat Colours when dyed on Cotton . . 31 &32 Methods of Printing Algole & Alizarine Indigo Colours and Brome Indigo F B P . . 33—39 Rongalite- Carbonate Process 33—35 Bicarbonate Process 35&36 Rongalite — Caustic Soda — Steam Process 36 & 37 Tin Crystals — Copperas Process 37—39 Padding with Hydrosulphite — Caustic Soda 39 — 11 „ „ Tin Cry-stals - Copperas 41 Algole and Alizarine Indigo Colours dyed singly 42—45 Combination Shades on Cotton Yam ... 46 Shades on Embroidery Silk 47 „ Glanzstoff 48 Combination Shades on Glanzstoff 49 Patterns from the Trade. Blousings & Stiirtings 51 ,, Dress Material 52 „ „ Shirtings 53 „ Dress Material 54&55 Half-woollen Blousings & Dress Material 56 Shirtings 57 Austrian Army Tent Cloth 58 Table-cloth 59 Furniture Cloth 60 Tapestry 61 Awnings 62 Washable Trimmings 63 Turkish Towelling 64 Algole Effects (Viscose Silk) fast to cross-dyeing 65 Blousings 66 Dress Material 67&68 Corduroy & Velveteen 69 Prints produced according to the Rongalite — Carbonate Process 71—74 „ „ „ „ „ Bicarbonate Process 75 „ „ „ „ ,, Rongalite— Caustic Soda— Steam Process 78&80 „ ,, „ ,, ,, Rongalite — Carbonate Process 76 — 80 Prints produced with Algole and Alizarine Indigo Colours on a Naphtol Prepare alongside Ice Red 81 Colour Discharges on Shades produced with Para Colours 82 Colour Resists with Alizarine Indigo under Ice Red 82 Shades padded according to the Hydrosulphite— Caustic Soda Process 83 — 86 Print Patterns produced according to the Tin Cryst.— Copperas Method 87—89 Shades padded according to the Tin Cryst.— Copperas Method 90 Introduction. The Algoles belong to the class of vat colours. They are therefore perfectly insoluble in water but, like indigo, dissolve on being stirred up with alkaline reducing agents, thereby giving a so-called vat. Textile fibres, such as cotton, can be dyed by working them in this vat for some time at ordinary (or higher) temperatures and afterwards hanging them up to air or treating with some oxidising agent in order to develop the colour. The chemical action that takes place is this: The insoluble colour takes up hydrogen from the reducing agent, e. g. hydrosulphite, and forms a "leuco compound" which is soluble in alkali. This leuco compound be- haves towards the fibre like a direct-dyeing colour, i. e. the fibre has an affinity for the leuco compound and absorbs it out of the alkaline solution. By hanging up to air, the leuco compound is oxidised by the oxygen in the atmosphere and is thus reconverted into the original insoluble colour which is now firmly fixed in the fibre. The dyeing of vat colours may therefore be divided into three distinct processes: 1. The preparation of the vat (reducing process). 2. The dyeing proper which takes place in the vat. 3. The development of the shade (oxidising process). The reducing agent used for the preparation of the vat is generally hydrosulphite in combination with caustic soda. In certain cases, other reducing agents may be resorted to. In order to obtain a good result, it is essential that the colour should be completely reduced and dissolved from the very beginning of the dyeing process. The alkaline hydrosulphite solution greedily absorbs the oxygen in the atmosphere; care must therefore be taken, whilst dyeing, to prevent the air having too ready access to the dye-liquor. Moreover, it is 1 D. H. HILL LIBRARr North Carolina State Co!lef« very important that sufficient hydrosulphite should be taken at the outset so that, in spite of the fact that a part of the hydrosulphite is destroyed during the dyeing operation owing to unavoidable contact with the air, there may still be enough present at the end of the process to prevent the colour from precipitating. Whilst the hydrosulphite is decomposing, the caustic soda is also being used up. Consequently, this substance, too, should be present in sufficient quantities, else the colour will fall out of solution though the amount of hydrosulphite in the bath be adequate. If, therefore, the colour precipitates during the dyeing process, the reason may be that there is not enough hydrosulphite or caustic soda in the dye-liquor or not enough of both. The defect may then be remedied by making further additions of these ingredients, i. e. by "rectifying" the bath. If our directions are correctly followed and the proper method of working observed, a decomposition of the vat cannot take place, provided, of course, the hydrosulphite and caustic soda are of the right quality. If such a contingency arise after all, the above information will give the dyer a good idea where the trouble lies. In most cases, the vat has a totally different colour from the dye- stuff itself; a similarity is only met with now and then. For example, Algole Blue C F gives a blue vat but Algole Blue K gives a brown and Leucole Yellow G a yellow-brown vat. Consequently, the dyed material has, as a rule, quite a different shade when it comes out of the vat from that it has later on when the dyestuff is developed. We have already alluded to the fact that the colour present in the vat in a reduced form, i. e. as a leuco compound, has an affinity for the fibre very similar to that of the substantive colours. The dyeing proper, which takes place in the vat itself, therefore consists in the fixing of the leuco compound on the fibre or, in other words, in its absorption by the fibre. Now, just as the substantive colours themselves behave differently from one another on dyeing, so too, only to a still greater extent, do the vat colours. Some are absorbed best in a warm bath, others in a cold one, so that we speak of hot and cold-dyeing vat colours. Some Aigoles, however, give almost equally good results whether dyed warm or cold. When applying cold-dyeing Aigoles, it is advisable to add some common or Glauber's salt to the vat in order to obtain as good an exhaustion as possible, thus making the most of the colour. If this addition is omitted, much lighter shades result. Moreover, in the case of many dyestuffs, the alkalinity of the dye- bath, i. e. the amount of caustic soda added, plays an important role as regards the depth of shade obtained. It is therefore of the greatest importance for the dyer to know whether he is to dye warm or cold, with or without salt, with much or with little caustic soda. With regard to the evenness of the shades, it may be affirmed as a general rule that colours taken up by the fibre slowly or with difficulty, e. g. those that require an addition of salt, yield the best results. When dyeing material that is difficult to penetrate or when particu- larly level shades are desired, the conditions under which the dyeing is carried out may, in certain cases, be varied in such a way that the absorption of the colour is not too favourably influenced, and the colour therefore not utilised to the utmost; for example, the cold-dyeing Algoles may be worked at a somewhat higher temperature or the addition of salt diminished. The development of the colour is an oxidation process. The simplest way to oxidise is to expose the goods to the air, i. e. to hang them up, after taking them out of the vat and removing the superfluous liquor. In many cases, it is advisable to oxidise not with atmospheric oxygen but by means of a special oxidising bath, for example, by means of a solution of potassium bichromate and acetic acid or with sodium perborate. Sometimes, chloride of lime may be used. In conclusion, we should like to make a few remarks about the soaping operation. In several instances, the colour is not fully developed until the soaping operation is carried out, especially when this is done at the boil. The soaping almost always causes a more or less perceptible change in shade. In no case, however, does a further change occur on repeating the soaping operation, a fact that is of the greatest importance when employing Algoles for fancy-woven articles or goods that have to be fast to washing. Generally speaking, the statements made in this introduction also apply to our Alizarine Indigo brands. Articles for which the Algole and Alizarine Indigo Colours may be employed. The Algole colours are chiefly adapted for dyeing vegetable fibres of all kinds, but are also suitable for artificial and natural silk; in some cases, they dye wool with good results. Cotton may be dyed in the loose state, hank (cops, cheeses, warp-beams) or piece. Here, we shall mention only the most important of the many kinds of articles for which the Algoles come into question. These are: fancy-coloured shirtings and blousings, apron and dress material, table-cloths, doilies, handkerchiefs, bath and ordinary towels, tapestry, portieres, furniture cloth and window-blinds. The Algoles are also ver>' valuable colours for embroidery and sewing yarn, as well as for the production of effect threads fast to cross-dyeing in woollen pieces. Moreover, they are exceedingly well adapted for cotton, linen and half-linen piece-goods, e. g. corduroy and velveteen for better-class dress material, suitings, furniture cloth and curtains. Artificial silk is used for many kinds of material, that have to be dyed with fast colours, especially effect threads, fast to cross-dyeing, in woollen goods. The cold-dyeing Algoles are especially serviceable for the production of fast shades on silk. In wool -dyeing, several of the Algoles have proved extremely useful, especially for effect threads and grey and greyish green shades of excellent fastness to light and milling. Properties of the Algole Colours. fllgole Yellow 3 G, 3 G L, R and WF. The 3 G and 3 G L yield clear, sulphur yellow shades, the R and W F brands a bright, reddish golden yellow. They easily dye level and possess very good fastness to alkali, washing, boiling, acid, cross-dyeing and chlorine. The R and WF are fast to light. For combination shades fast to light, Algole Yellow R and 3 G L are generally preferred to the 3 G brand ; especially in the case of green shades is the 3 G L superior to the 3 G. The dyeing is carried out cold, but the W F may also be worked in a warm bath. Leucole Yellow G has, on the whole, the same properties as Algole Yellow 3G but is not quite so fast to boiling and cross-dyeing. It is dyed in a cold bath. fllgole Brilliant Orange F R. This colour not only yields a very clear shade, but also possesses excellent fastness and working properties. Its level-dyeing property is very good and it is exceedingly fast to alkali, washing, acid, chlorine and light, as well as fast to boiling and cross-dyeing. Algole Brilliant Orange F R is used as a self-colour for effect threads but is generally employed for fancy shades and, combined with Algole Red R extra, F F extra or Algole Brilliant Red 2 B, for the production of pink and Turkey-red shades. As a rule, the colour is dyed cold; when dyed hot, the shade is saddened a little. fllgole Orange R possesses, on the whole, the same very good fastness as Algole Brilliant Orange FR; the shade, however, is not so bright. Its very good fastness to boiling, chlorine and light is worthy of special note. This brand is chiefly employed as a combination colour with Algole Grey B or 2 B, Algole Olive R etc. for fancy, olive and brown shades. The dyeing is done cold. fllgole Red 5 G is an extremely fast colour; its excellent fastness to light and very good fastness to washing and boiling are particularly noteworthy. The dyeing operation is carried out cold. Hlgole Red 2 6 is a very productive colour and, like the 5 G, is distinguished by excellent fastness. It is remarkable for the fact that it scarcely alters in tone on being soaped at the boil. The dyeing is carried out cold; the colour may, however, be dyed hot, in which case the shade turns out thinner and sadder. Hlgole Scarlet G. This dyestuff yields clear scarlet shades of very good fastness to chlorine and light. The fastness to washing is good; that to boiling and cross-dyeing is not so good as in the case of Algole Red 5 G. Algole Scarlet G is chiefly employed for yarn or pieces intended for curtains and furniture cloth fast to light. It is dyed cold. Rlgole Pink R gives an exceptionally clear pink shade of very good fastness to light and chlorine. It is sensitive to alkali and turns to the blue side on boiling; on acidulating with acetic or formic acid, the original shade returns almost exactly. If the dyed goods are to be washed, it is advisable to use neutral (not alkaline) soap. Algole Pink R possesses very good level-dyeing property and is adapted, in the first place, for dyeing the same kinds of material as Algole Scarlet G. The dyeing is performed cold. fllgole Pink TR has obtained a good footing in the trade as a substitute for Turkey pink. It has almost the same working properties and fastness as Algole Brilliant Red 2 B. The dyeing is carried out in a cold bath. fllgole Brilliant Red 2 B is suitable for the production of clear pink shades as well as full, bloomy reds. It is distinguished by very good fastness to washing, boiling, acid, cross-dyeing and chlorine. The fastness to light is also very good though surpassed by that of Algole Pink R. Algole Brilliant Red 2 B is mainly employed in combination with Algole Brilliant Orange F R or Algole Red 5 G for Turkey-red shades. The dyeing is accomplished in a cold bath. Hlgole Red FF extra and R extra gre, generally speaking, on a par with Algole Brilliant Red 2 B as regards good fastness, and are used for the same purposes. They are worked cold. nigole Red B is the oldest Algole Red brand. It dyes very level and is mainly resorted to as a red constituent colour for fancy shades and as a combination colour with Algole Bordeaux 3 B for full clarets. It is very fast to alkali, washing, boiling, acid and cross-dyeing, and fast to light; moreover, it is perfectly fast to chlorine but somewhat sensitive to heat. A cold bath is used for the dyeing operation. Hlgole Bordeaux 3 B gives a full, bluish claret shade of very good fastness. It easily dyes level and possesses very good fastness to alkali, washing, boil- ing, acid and cross-dyeing, excellent fastness to chlorine and good fastness to light. It is chiefly employed as a self-colour but is also serviceable as a red constituent colour for the production of fancy shades or coppery blues (with Algole Blue 3 R). The dyeing is effected in a cold bath. fllgole Corinth R is dyed cold and yields shades very fast in every respect. The fastness to light, for instance, is extremely good and the same may be said of the fastness to alkali, washing, boiling, acid, cross-dyeing and chlorine. This colour is mostly used for combination shades or for shading and saddening red, claret and violet brands. Hlgole Brilliant Violet 2 B. This product is chiefly distinguished by a very clear violet shade and very good fastness to light. The fastness to washing is very good; the resistance to boiling alongside white is good but the shade turns a little bluer. The colour also withstands acid and cross- dyeing, whilst the stability against chlorine is quite good enough for ordinary demands. It will be found very useful for bright lilac and violet shades, fast to washing and light. Algole Brilliant Violet 2B may be dyed cold or hot (140" Faht.). Rlgole Brilliant Violet R has pretty much the same properties as the 2 B and yields just as clear a shade; it is, however, a redder brand and possesses belter fastness to alkali. It is very fast to washing, boiling, acid and cross- dyeing; its fastness to chlorine resembles that of the 2 B. Algole Brilliant Violet R serves to produce clear lilac shades and to give blue colours a violet tone. It may be dyed cither cold or hot. Hlgole Violet B does not give so dear a shade as Algole Brilliant Violet. It is very fast to light, alkali, washing, boiling, acid and cross-dyeing. Chlorine turns the shade a little redder. Algole Violet B is useful for the production of bright heliotropes and for shading purposes. It is dyed cold. fllgole Blue 3 R and K are ver\- valuable colours since they may be suitably combined with the cold-dyeing Algoles for the production of a great variety of shades. As regards fastness to light, the K brand is excellent, whilst the 3R is very good. Both colours possess good fastness to alkali and verj' good fastness to washing, boiling, acid and cross-dyeing. 3 R is the faster to chlorine; it becomes a little lighter. Hlgole Blue C F ' and 3 G are hot-dyeing colours of excellent fastness to light. The C F yields a verj- clear blue resembling indigo, whilst the 3 G gives a still clearer shade of a pronounced greenish tone. Both brands are distinguished by very good fastness, fastness to chlorine excepted. Thus they are verj' fast to washing, boiling, acid and cross-dyeing. Algole Blue 3 G gives the brightest shade when acidulated well and soaped thoroughly at the boil. Algole Blue C F may be dyed not only with hydrosulphite but also with dextrine or grape sugar and caustic soda. Hlgole 6reen B is also a hot-dyeing colour of ver>' good fastness. Like Algole Blue C F and 3 G, it possesses excellent fastness to light and very good fastness to washing, boiling, acid and cross-dyeing; it does not withstand chlorine. Algole Green B is, as a rule, employed either alone or in combination with Algole Blue C F *, 3 G and Leucole Dark Green B. Leucole Dark Green B is dyed in a hot bath with hydrosulphite or dextrine or grape sugar and caustic soda. The shade obtained is fast to alkali, washing, acetic acid and cross-dyeing but not to chlorine. The fastness to light is only moderate. Algole Blue C F is not sold in U. S. A. Hlgole Olive R not only possesses excellent fastness but also allows of being dyed cold or hot. lt_Js_ypry fast — ta_jight, washing, boiling, acid chlorine and cross-dyeing. It is especially useful, in combination with Algole Yellow 3 G L, Algole Brilliant Orange F R or Algole Orange R, for the production of khaki shades fast to light and atmos- pheric influences. FVlgole Brown G and R have the same excellent all-round fastness as the fore-mentioned, Algole Olive R. They may be dyed either cold or hot; by the latter method fuller shades are obtained. Lcucole Brown B is dyed hot with hydrosulphite or dextrine or grape sugar and caustic soda. The fastness to washing alongside white is very good but, if subjected to a severe boiling, the shade suffers in depth. The colour is fast to cross-dyeing and light but not to chlorine. It is mostly used for light and medium fancy browns. Hlgole Grey B and 2B are cold-dyeing colours of very good fastness to washing, boiling, acid, cross-dyeing, light and chlorine. They are very valuable for the dyeing of grey and combination shades. Hlgole Black C L and R O possess very good fastness to light and cross-dyeing. The R O is the faster to chlorine. This brand is dyed cold whilst the C L is worked in a hot bath. Hlizarine Indigo Red B. This dyestuff is distinguished by very good fastness to washing, acid, cross-dyeing and light, as well as good fastness to boiling and chlorine. Hlizarine Indigo G. This colour dyes very evenly, yielding a very clear, greenish blue shade of unsurpassed fastness to chlorine. Its resistance to washing is very good; the stability against boiling is considerably improved by an aftertreatment with bichrome and copper sulphate, the shade altering but little in tone. The fastness to cross-dyeing is very good. As far as fastness to light is concerned. Alizarine Indigo G is superior to indigo but still a long way behind Algole Blue. filizarine Indigo 7 6 is considerably more greenish than the G brand. As regards fastness, the two colours are about equally good. Alizarine Indigo 7 G possesses good fastness to chlorine. Brome Indigo F B gives a very bright, clear shade and has excellent level-dyeing and penetrating properties; in these respects, it is superior to indigo. It is also distinguished by good fastness to washing, acid and cross- dyeing. Its fastness to light is similar to that of Alizarine Indigo G. Appearance of the Algole & Alizarine Indigo Colours in the Reduced State. Algole Yellow 3 G : Red Algole Yellow 3GL: Red Algole Yellow R: Claret Algole Yellow WF: Violet Leucole Yellow G: Red Algole Brilliant Orange FR: Yellow- ish Red Algole Orange R: Yellowish Red Algole Red 5G: Violet Algole Red 2 G : Red Algole Scarlet G: Brick Red Algole Pink R: Red Algole Pink T R: Red Algole Brilliant Red 2B: Yellowish Claret Algole Red FF extra: Yellowish Claret Algole Red R extra: Yellowish Red Algole Red B: Brick Red Algole Bordeaux 3 B : Red Brown Algole Corinth R: Claret Algole Brilliant Violet 2 B: Red Brown Algole Brilliant Violet R: Red Brown Algole Violet B: Red Brown Algole Blue 3R: Red Brown Algole Blue K: Red Brown Algole Blue CF: Blue Green Agole Blue 3G: Grey Olive Algole Green B: Green Leucole Dark Green B: Violet Algole Olive R: Red Brown Algole Brown G: Red Brown Algole Brown R: Red Brown Leucole Brown B: Red Violet Algole Grey B: Red Brown Algole Grey 2B: Red Brown Algole Black C L: Brown Algole Black R O : Brown Alizarine Indigo Red B: Golden Yellow Alizarine Indigo G: Golden Yellow Alizarine Indigo 7G: Golden Yellow Brome Indigo FB: Golden Yellow. 10 Directions for the Cold-dyeing Algole and Leucole Colours. (Algole Yellow 3 G, 3 G L, R, W F, Leucole Yellow G, Algole Brilliant Orange F R, Algole Orange R, all the Algole Red brands, Algole Scarlet G, Algole Bordeaux 3 B, Algole Pink R, T R, Algole Corinth R, Algole Brilliant Violet 2 B, R, Algole Violet B, Algole Blue K, 3 R, Algole Olive R, Algole Brown G, R, Algole Grey B, 2 B, Algole Black R O.) Dissolving the Colour. Stir up the paste colours with water not above 85—95° Faht., add the amount of caustic soda and hydrosulphite necessary for the whole bath, stir and allow to stand until the solution is clear. In the case of self-shades, it is best to stir up Algole Grey B and 2 B with water of the ordinary temperature (i. e. water that has not been warmed), and Algole Brilliant Red 2 B, Algole Pink T R, Algole Red F F extra, R extra, Algole Blue K, 3 R, Algole Brilliant Violet 2 B, R and Algole Violet B with water of 105-120° Faht. It is advisable to treat colours in powder form as follows: Stir up the colour into a paste with Va — Va as much Monopole Soap or Mono- pole Brilliant Oil, pour on water and then reduce with the usual amounts of caustic soda and hydrosulphite. Preparation of the Dye-bath. As a rule, it is only necessary in the case of light shades to bring the liquor into a good condition before- hand. For this purpose, take per 10 imp. gallons (per 100 litres) Vs — V^ oz (16 — 26 cc) caustic soda 52° Tw. and Vo oz. (12 grms.) hydrosulphite cone. B. A. S. F. pdr. Dissolve the Glauber's salt in the liquor before pouring in the colour-solution. When dyeing Algole Blue K, 3 R, Algole Brilliant Violet 2 B, R and Algole Violet B, it is advisable to add the Glauber's salt in two portions, adding the second after having dyed for V2 hour. Instead of Glauber's salt cryst., half the amount of common salt or soda ash may be employed. The amount of soda ash, however, should not exceed 5 lb. per 10 imp. gallons (i. e. 50 grams, per litre). The Dyeing Operation. Dye for ^j^ — 1 hour (IV4— IV2 hours for Algole Black RO) at the ordinary temperature or at 70 — 75° Faht. immersed in the liquor or on straight sticks, squeeze out, air or allow to oxidise for V-i— V2 hour, rinse, acidulate with 3 — 5'7-t oz. (1—2 cc) sulphuric acid 168° Tw. per 10 gallons (per litre) or a corresponding amount of acetic or formic acid, rinse again, soap and rinse once more. Algole Scarlet G and Algole Pink R are soaped at 120° Faht. only, the other brands at the boil. Algole Brilliant Red 2 B, Algole Red F F extra, R extra and Algole Pink T R yield the clearest shades when, after squeezing or levelling on the post, they are rinsed at once, thoroughly acidulated, rinsed again and vigor- ously soaped; it is advisable to boil up the soap bath twice or three times. Directions for the Hot-dyeing Algole and Leucole Colours. MAlgole Yellow W F, Algole Brilliant Orange F R, Algole Red 2 G, Algole Brilliant Violet 2 B, R, -^Igole Blue C F *, w<3 G, uAlgole Green B, /Leucole Dark Green B, Algole Olive R, Algole Brown G, Rj-^leucole Brown B, Algole Black C L.) Dissolving the Colour. Stir up Algole Black CL with warm water of 120 — 140° Faht. and the quantities of caustic soda and hydrosulphite necessary for the whole dye-bath and allow to stand for '/^ — '/•> hour. Algole Yellow W F, Algole Brilliant Orange F R, Algole Red 2 G, Algole Brilliant Violet 2 B, R, Algole Olive R and Algole Brown G, R are dissolved in the same way as the cold-dyeing Algoles. Algole Green B, Leucole Dark Green B, Algole Blue C F, 3 G and Leucole Brown B are made into a paste with a little water of about 130" Faht. and then added (through a sieve) to the dye-bath in which they are reduced. Preparation of the Dye-bath. In the case of Algole Black C L and of those Algoles which may also be dyed cold, bring the bath, which is at 140° Faht., into a good condition (if necessary) by adding per 10 imp. gallons (100 litres) Vs— '/a oz. (16—26 cc) caustic soda 52° Tw. and Vs oz. (12 grms.) hydrosulphite cone. B. A. S. F. pdr. afterwards add the Glauber's salt and then the colour-solution. When dyeing Algole Green B, Leucole Dark Green B, Algole Blue C F *, 3 G and Leucole Brown B, add the amounts of caustic soda and hydrosulphite mentioned in the table to the bath (120° Faht.), then the colour which has been made into a paste with water and stir slowly until the colour is dissolved. The Dyeing Operation. Dye Algole Black CL for ',2 hour at 140° Faht., the material being either immersed in the liquor or placed on straight sticks, and then work for ^j— 1 hour in the cooling-down bath. Not sold in U. S. A. In the case of tlic other colours, enter at the lower temperature mentioned in the table, treat for 10 minutes, warm slowly up to the higher temperature (if desired) and dye altogether for about 1 hour, either immersed in the liquor or on straight sticks. After dyeing, squeeze out the material, air Algole Black C L and the Algoles which may also be dyed cold for Vi— V2 hour, but rinse im- mediately in the case of Algole Green B, Leucole Dark Green B, Algole Blue C F ■■, 3 G and Leucole Brown B. After this acidulate all the brands in a cold bath with 3 — 5^/4 oz. (1—2 cc) sulphuric acid 168° Tw. or P'l— 6V2 oz. (1—4 cc) acetic acid 30%, or the corresponding amount of formic acid, per 10 imp. gallons (per litre) water, rinse thoroughly, soap warm or at the boil and then rinse once more. Special Recipe for Algole Blue CP'\ Leucole Dark Green B, Leucole Brown B Add to the dye-bath (120" Faht.), per 20 gallons (100 litres), 2' 2 3 quarts (3—4 litres) caustic soda 52 " Tw. 2—6 lb. (1-3 kilos.) dextrine or grape sugar (previously dissolved in water) 4-6 lb. (2—3 kilos.) Glauber's salt cryst., according to the depth of the required shade, and the colour which has been made into a paste with water. Afterwards, enter the material, raise to the boil within V2 hour and allow to boil gently for "2 hour. Then squeeze out, rinse at once, acidulate, rinse, soap and rinse as stated above. Recipe for Brome Indigo F B. Dissolving the Colour. Stir up the colour with hot water, add the caustic soda and slowly sprinkle in the hydrosulphite cone. B. A. S. F. pdr. whilst stirring well. When adding the hydrosulphite, the temperature of the solution should not exceed 120—140" Faht.; only in the case of the powder quality is a solution of 140—160° Faht. employed. Example: Stir up 2 lb. (1 kilogram) Brome Indigo FB paste with about 2 gallons. (10 litres) water, and then add IV4 lb. (630 grams or 500 cc) caustic soda 52" Tw. and V2 lb. (250 grams) hydrosulphite cone. B. A. S. F. pdr. (The solution must be of a clear, golden yellow shade.) Not sold in U. S. A. Preparation of the Dye-bath. As a rule, it is not necessary to bring the dye-liquor into a good condition beforehand, for the quantities of caustic soda and hydrosulphite given for dissolving or reducing the colour will generally be found sufficient to keep the vat in a good state. Only in the case of light shades, is it advisable to "prepare" the liquor. This is effected by using ''3— V2 oz. (16 — 26 cc) caustic soda 52'' Tw. and ''5 oz. (12 grms.) hydrosulphite cone. B. A. S. F. pdr. per 10 imp. gallons (100 litres) liquor. The Dyeing Operation. Dye for ''2— 1 hour at 120— 140 <* Faht. In the case of light shades, it is best to enter at 85—95 " Faht. and to raise the temperature slowly up to 120 — 140° Faht. The material should have the same clear, golden yellow shade as the vat; if this is not the case, a little more caustic soda and hydrosulphite must be added. After dyeing, squeeze the material well and then air; a slight rinsing may also be given immediately after squeezing and before airing. After- wards, acidulate in a hot bath with 3 oz. (1 cc) sulphuric acid 168" Tw. or 3' 2— 5 oz. (2—3 cc) acetic acid 30% or dilute formic acid per 10 gallons (per litre) water; rinse again and, if considered necessary, soap at the boil. Recipe for Alizarine Indigo G. Dissolving the Colour. Stir up 10 lb. (5 kilos.) Alizarine Indigo G paste with 1V4~2 quarts (1.5—2.5 litres) glue solution 1 :5 until the colour is thoroughly wetted out or a paste formed. Afterwards add, whilst stirring well, P4 quarts ( 2 litres) caustic soda 52° Tw. then 5 gallons (25 „ ) water of 120—140° Faht. and finally sprinkle in, little by little, 3 lb. (1.5 kilos.) hydrosulphite cone. B. A. S. F. pdr. By stirring slowly, the colour is dissolved in about 20 minutes; the solution is yellow. Preparation of the Dye-bath. To 20 gallons (100 litres) hot water of 160° Faht. add -5 oz. (12.5 grms.) hydrosulphite cone. B. A. S. F. pdr, V4 „ ( 6.5 cc ) caustic soda 52 ° Tw. and afterwards the colour-solution. Should a little residue be left, stir it up with glue and rinse out with the liquor. 14 The Dyeing Operation. Enter the material at 160" Faht. and, without increasing the temperature, treat for Vi— 1 hour immersed in the liquor. After this squeeze out, air or oxidise for V4 hour, rinse and soap at the boil in a strong soap bath. Recipes for Alizarine Indigo 7 G and Alizarine Indigo Red B. Dissolving the Colour. Stir up the colour with a little water of 105° Faht., add the quantities of caustic soda and hydrosulphite necessary for the whole bath, stir and allow to stand until the colour is entirely dissolved. When dissolving Alizarine Indigo 7G, a little Monopole Soap may be used. Preparation of the Dye-bath & the Dyeing Operation. The ne- cessary amounts of caustic soda and hydrosulphite are most suitably calcu- lated on the weight of the material, the Monopole Soap and the Glauber's salt on the volume of liquor. The following are the appropriate quantities to take: Alizarine Indigo 7 G paste 5% 107o 207o Caustic soda 52 '^ Tw. (in fluid lb. & oz.) 6% 67o 127o Hydrosulphite cone. B. A. S. F. pdr. 37o 37o 67o Monopole Soap per 20 galls. (100 litres) liquor IV2 oz. IV2 oz. 3 oz. (SOgrms.) (50grms.) (lOOgrms.) Add the colour-solution to the hot bath (about ITS" Faht.), stir and allow to stand for a short time. Dye for ='/4— 1 hour at the above temperature immersed in the liquor. Afterwards squeeze out, air for 'A— V2 hour, rinse and soap at the boil. Alizarine Indigo Red B paste 57o 107o 207o Caustic soda 52 « Tw. (in fluid lb. & oz.) 67o 67o 107o Hydrosulphite cone. B. A. S. F. pdr. 37o 37o 47o Glauber'ssaltcryst. per 20 galls. (100 litres) liquor 4 lb. 8 lb. 16 lb. (2 kilos.) (4 kilos.) (8 kilos.) First dissolve the Glauber's salt in the liquor and then add the colour-solution. Stir, allow to stand for a few minutes and afterwards enter the material. 15 Dye at the ordinary temperature for ^U — 1 hour immersed in the liquor, wring off the material, air for ',4— '2 hour, rinse and soap at the boil. Aftertreatment to increase the Fastness to Boiling of Alizarine Indigo G & 7 G. Prepare a fresh bath with 2—3% bichrome 2 — 3% copper sulphate and 3 — 4% acetic acid 307o (or dilute formic acid 1 : 4) and work for V2 hour at 175 — 195° Faht. Aftertreatment to accelerate the Oxidation of the Algole & Leucole Colours. It is advisable to aftertreat combination shades (especially on piece- goods) with bichrome. Allow the goods to pass out of the dye-jig through squeezing rollers direct into a second jig containing, according to the depth of the shade, 1 — 27o bichrome and 4 — 8% acetic acid 30% (or the corresponding amount of formic acid), treat for '4 hour at 140 — 175" Faht., rinse well and soap. Recently sodium perborate has been used with very good results for aftertreating loose material, yarn and pieces. Prepare a fresh, warm bath of 105 110 • Faht., according to the depth of the shade, with 3\i 9^/4 oz. (100—300 grms.) perborate and 6V2— 13 „ (200—400 „ ) acetic acid 30% (or a corresponding amount of formic acid) per 20 gallons (100 litres) liquor. Enter the material immediately after squeezing out, gradually raise the temperature to about 160" Faht., treat for about 20 — 30 minutes, rinse and soap. The perborate is added in two portions at 105" Faht. In most cases, however, it suffices to treat at llO** Faht. only, and to add the perborate in one portion. For pink and red shades fast to chlorine, an aftertreatment with a solution of bleaching powder may be recommended. Note: When aftertreating with bichrome or perborate, enough acid must be taken to completely neutralise the alkali brought into the bath with the material. The bath must react slightly acid until the end of the operation. 16 The Dyeing of Yarn in the Hank. Before dyeing, scour the yarn as usual with soda or soap and soda. The dyeing operation is generally carried out in wooden vats but iron vessels are also suitable. When dyeing above the liquor, use straight wooden sticks; when the goods are to be immersed in the lirjuor, use bent pipes. The pre- paration of tiie dyc-batii and the duration of the dyeing operation are as given in the general directions. It remains to be mentioned that the material must be turned more frequently when dyeing above tlie liquor than when dyeing under the liquor. After dyeing, squeeze out gently and then, except in the case of those colours which should be rinsed immediately, hang up for 'A — V2 hour at full width so that the air may penetrate the material well. Afterwards rinse, acidulate, rinse again, soap and rinse. If the material is aftertreated, it is, of course, unnecessary to air and acidulate. Example: Dye 50 lb. (25 kilos.) cotton yarn with 2V4 oz. (70 grms.) Algole Yellow R pdr. and 1V4 oz. (40 „ ) Algole Yellow 3 G pdr. After working for ^'4 hour, squeeze out twice in the dye-bath, stick for stick, with two rods, and place at once in the oxidising bath which is at 115** Faht. and which contains 1 lb. (500 grms.) sodium perborate and 1 lb. 9 oz. or r/r, pints (750 cc) acetic acid 30% per 100 gallons (500 litres) water. Turn three times and rinse lukewarm. (For light shades, a prolonged treatment and a subsequent soaping are scarcely necessary.) Linen yarn is, as a rule, merely rinsed once cold and once hot after the wringing and airing operations, in order to avoid a tendering of the fibre. This is especially the case with light shades. The afterlreatment with perborate may also be applied to linen yarn. Artificial silk is dyed as described above but great care must be exercised when squeezing and levelling on the post owing to the sensitive- ness of the material. A severe stretching is to be avoided; the squeezing and levelling had better be done by hand. The Dyeing of Cops, Cheeses and Warp-beams in Machines. It is advisable to use apparatuses with iron or nickeline fittings (but not with copper fittings). Macliines that are completely closed and furnished with rotatory pumps will be found very suitable. Before dyeing, wet or boil out the material thoroughly with Mono- pole Soap or Monopole Brilliant Oil and a little soda. After boiling out, rinse and squeeze off by means of compressed air. After dyeing, hydroe.xtract by means of vacuum and oxidise. Examples: Pink on 200 lb. (100 kilos) bleached cheeses, dyed in the Cohnen Centrifugal Dyeing Machine (180 gallons or 900 litres liquor). Wet out the material for 1 hour with ' - gallon (2.5 litres) Monopole Brilliant Oil and 2 lb. (1 kilo.) soda ash and rinse. Dj^e for 1' 2 hours with 9V2 oz (300 grms.) Algole Red B pdr. 13 „ (400 „ ) Algole Red 5 G pdr. 10 lb. or 3' 4 quarts (4000 cc) caustic soda 52^ Tw. 2^/5 lb. (1300 grms.) hydrosulphite cone B. A. S. F. pdr. VU quarts (1500 cc) Monopole Brilliant Oil 20 lb. (10 kilos.) Glauber's salt cryst. Afterwards hydroextract thoroughly, rinse well; prepare a fresh bath with an addition of nearly 5 gallons (24 litres) chloride of lime solution 4'2''Tw., treat the material in it for 20 30 minutes at 85° Faht. and then rinse. Light blue on 66 lb. (33 kilos.) warp-beam, dyed in a closed machine made by the Zittauer Maschinenfabrik (about 125 gallons or 625 litres water). Wet out the material for ' 2 hour with 1' 2 pints (1000 cc) Monopole Brilliant Oil and 1 lb. (500 grms.) soda ash, rinsecold for 5 minutes, repeat the rinsing operation and then force out the liquor by means of compressed air. The dyeing operation: Mix into a paste 9 oz. (280 grms.) Algole Blue CF pdr. with 1 pint (600 cc) Monopole Brilliant Oil and 1 gall. (5 litres) boiling water and then add 4' 4 pints (3 litres) caustic soda 52 ° Tw. and as much cold water as will bring the temperature down to about 140" Faht. 18 Add to the warm bath of 95-105" Faht. 17'/2 lb. or 5'/2 qts. (7000 cc) caustic soda 52 ° Tw., and then 2 lb. 6 oz. (1200 grms.) hydrosulphite cone. B. A. S. F. pdr. which has been previously stirred up with water. Afterwards add the colour- solution. At first, dye for 10 minutes at about 105° Faht. and then warm up to 140" Faht. within 20 minutes and continue working for ^/i hour with steam turned off. During the dyeing operation, the direction of the dye- liquor is reversed every 5 minutes. After dyeing, pump out the liquor, squeeze out the material twice by means of compressed air, oxidise for 'U hour at 115'^ Faht. with IV2 lb. (800 grms.) perborate and 5'/4 lb. or V2 gall. (2500 cc) acetic acid 30%, wash for 5 minutes and squeeze out once with compressed air. Orange on 84 lb. (42 kilos) warp beams, dyed in the Schubert machine with compressed air and vacuum (240 gallons or 1200 litres liquor). Wet out in 10 passages with V4 gallon (1200 cc) Monopole Brilliant Oil and 1 lb. (500 grms.) soda ash, rinse, squeeze out and soak in IV4 lb. or 3V4 gills (500 cc) caustic soda 52" Tw. and 6V.. oz. (200 grms.) hydrosulphite cone. B. A. S. F. pdr. Afterwards dye, making the additions mentioned below. 1st Bath. 2nd and following Baths. Algole Brilliant Orange F R pdr. l'/-. lb. (700 grms.) IVio lb. (550 grms.) Caustic soda 52 ° Tw. 37^ qts. (4500 cc) 23/4 qts. (3500 cc) Hydrosulphite cone. B. A. S.F. pdr. 5 1b. (2500 grms.) 4 lb. (2000 grms.) Monopole Brilliant Oil lV2pints.(1000 cc) 1 ','2 gills (250 cc) Glauber's salt cryst. 80 lb. (40000 grms.) 10 lb. (5000 grms.) Dye cold for about IV2-2 hours in 14 passages, apply com- pressed air 4 times and then vacuum 4 times, rinse, acidulate with l'/2 pints (1 litre) acetic acid, rinse, soap at the boil with 2 lb. (1 kilo.) olive oil soap and rinse once more. Light indigo blue on 68 lb, (34 kilos.) warp beams, dyed in the Haubold Warp Dyeing Machine (60 gallons or 300 litres liquor) Scour the material for V2 hour with IV2 pints (1000 cc) Monopole Brilliant Oil. Dye with 2 lb. 6 oz. (1200 grms.) Brome Indigo FB paste which has been reduced at 120" Faht. with 1"4 lb. or 4' 2 gills (700 cc) caustic soda 52'-' Tw. and 1 lb. 1'^ oz. (550 grms.) hydrosulphite cone. B. A. S. F. pdr. Then add 1 pint (600 cc) Monopole Brilliant Oil, begin dyeing at 105° Faht., warm slowly up to 140° Faht. and work at this temperature for 1 hour. Afterwards hydroe.xiract by means of vacuum, treat tor 10 minutes at 105° Faht. with 13 oz. (400 grms.) sodium perbor- ate, rinse, acidulate at 140" Faht. with IV2 pints (1000 cc) acetic acid and rinse. In addition to the dyeing machines mentioned here, there are others which give equally good results. The Dyeing of Cotton, Linen and Half-linen Pieces. For wetting out and dyeing, it is best to use a jig fitted with a pair of squeezing rollers. Two jigs should be placed in such a way that the rinsing or oxidising operation can be carried out directly after dyeing. It is advisable to wet out the goods in a boiling bath with an addition of 5"o potassium carbonate and 2% Monopole Soap. Pass the goods once through the above bath and dry goods that are difficult to penetrate without rinsing; in the case of goods which are more easily penetrated, give a slight rinsing and do not dry. Dye for ^A — 1 hour in the ordinary jig (with rollers above the liquorj, increasing the quantities of caustic soda and hydrosulphite by ' 5-^4. When dyeing in the jig with submerged rollers, the quantities given in the table hold good. Dissolve the colour and prepare the dye-bath in the usual way. Add the Glauber's salt in two portions, using the second half after dyeing for about V2 hour. In the case of pieces that are difficult to penetrate, the hot-dyeing colours yield the best results. After a piece has passed through the jigger, stir up the liquor gently before reversing the action of the rollers. 20 After dyeing, allow the goods to pass through the squeezers direct into a second jig containing l-~27o bichrome and 4 — 8% acetic acid or a corresponding amount of formic acid, work for 'i hour at 140-175" Falit., rinse well and soap. (This after- treatment is especially well adapted for combination shades.) When aftertreating with perborate, the pieces should also be passed through the squeezers direct into a second jig. Examples: Light blue on half bleached linen for Schlierseer jackets. 5 jackets -- 150 lb. (75 kilos). Wet out the articles at the boil with 3 lb. (1500 grms.) Monopole Soap and IVi.. lb. ( 750 „ ) soda ash, squeeze off and dry. Prepare the dye-bath with 1 lb. 3 oz. (600 grms.) Algole Blue CF pdr. 22'/2 lb. or l*k galls. (9000 cc) caustic soda 52 " Tw. 3 lb. 9V2 oz. (1800 grms.) hydrosulphite cone. B.A.S.F. pdr. 1 lb. oz. (500 grms.) Monopole Soap. Enter the dry material, give two ends at 120" Faht. and 8 ends at 140" Faht., squeeze out and treat at a uniform speed in a second jig with 3 lb. (1500 grms.) bichrome and 1 gall. (5000 cc) acetic acid. Afterwards wash cold and hot. Blue on trimmings for bathing costumes. 2 lengths of mercerised and bleached sateen 45 lb. (22.5 kilos.). Wet out at the boil with an addition of I'u pints (1000 cc) Monopole Brilliant Oil and 1 lb. (500 grms.) soda ash. Give 8 passages and then rinse. Dye cold in 50 gallons (250 litres) liquor with 13 oz. (400 grms.) Algole Blue 3R pdr. 7V2 lb. or 2V2 qts. (3000 cc) caustic soda 52 " Tw. 2 lb. 6V2 oz. (1200 grms.) hydrosulphite cone. B.A.S.F. pdr. 3V4 gills (500 cc) Monopole Brilliant Oil 24 lb. (12000 grms.) Glauber's salt cryst. 21 Give 12 passages, squeeze off and treat at a uniform speed in a second jig containing an addition of 3 lb. (1500 grms.) bichrome and 1 gall. (5000 cc) acetic acid. After giving 4 ends at 175" Faht., rinse and soap at the boil with 1 lb. 13 oz. (900 grms.) curd soap and 6"- oz. (200 grms.) soda ash, and finally rinse once more. In the case of Brome Indigo F B, Alizarine Indigo G, 7G and Alizarine Indigo Red B, the material is oxidised by passing over rollers. The method of dyeing is similar to that employed for indigo, but these colours level considerably better. 22 Tlie raw silk is very slightly tinged. The Dyeing of Silk Yarn. The dyeing is carried out as stated for cotton. As a rule, the cold- dyeing Algoles are preferred to the hot-dyeing ones, since the quantities of caustic soda necessary for the former class of colours cannot have a detrimental effect on the silk fibre owing to the low temperature of the bath. For the stronger kinds of silk yarn, e. g. embroidery yarn, the hot- dyeing Algoles and Alizarine Indigo Red B, Alizarine Indigo G, 7 G and Brome Indigo F B are also used. The following colours withstand degumming and bleaching with hydrogen peroxide alongside raw silk and cotton: Red: Algole Bordeaux 3B Algole Brilliant Red 2 B Algole Red B, FF extra, 2G, 5 G, R extra Algole Pink T R Orange: Algole Brilliant Orange FR (turns lighter) Algole Orange R Yellow: Algole Yellow 3 G, 3 G L, R, WF Green : Algole Green B Blue: Algole Blue C F, 3 G, K, 3R Alizarine Indigo G, 7 G Brome Indigo F B Violet: Algole Brilliant Violet 2 B, R Algole Corinth R Brown : Algole Brown G, R Lcucole Brown B Olive: Algole Olive R Grey: Algole Grey B, 2 B Black: Algole Black RO (the raw silk is tinged green but only to a very slight extent.) 23 Comparative Strength of the Paste and Powder Qualities. In the case of Algole Pink TR, 1 part powder is equal to 5V2 parts paste. For all tiie other Algole and Leucole colours the proportion is 1:8, and for Alizarine Indigo Red B, Alizarine Indigo G, 7G and Brome Indigo FB 1:5. Tabulated Recipes. The quantities of caustic soda and hydrosuiphite are calculated on the \yeight of the material and hold good for a volume of liquor of 4 : 1 -- 30 : 1 of goods. If the dyeing is carried out in a liquor longer than 30 : 1 (which, generally speaking, is not likely to be the case) or if piece- goods are dyed in the ordinary jigger, the quantities are to be increased by Vr,— V4. The amount of Glauber's salt always depends on the volume of the liquor. Instead of Glauber's salt cryst., half as much Glauber's salt calc. or common salt or soda ash may be used. Colour in Paste Form Temperature for Dissolving Caustic Soda 52 " Tvl. (calculated by vwlume i. e. in fluid lb. & oz.) Hydrosui- phite cone. B.n.S.F. Pdr. QIaubei's Salt Cryst. per 10 imp'. Galls, Temperature of Dye-bath Soaping 2,5% Algole Yellow 3 G 85-95" 2,5% 2% 1 lb 70—750 at the boil 5 „ » It ,, Faht. 3,5, 3. 2 „ Faht. „ 10 , „ „ ,, „ 5 . 4, 4 . „ „ 20 „ . 8 . 6 . 8 , „ „ 40 „ , , 13 . 8, 12 „ . „ 2,5 „ „ 3 G L , 2,5 „ 2. 1 , „ boiling 5 „ n .. ., „ 3,5 „ 3„ 2 „ „ thoroughly 10 „ n » ,, ^ 5 „ 4 „ 4 . „ , 20 „ 8 , 6, 8 , „ 40 „ n , 13 , 8„ 12 , „ 2,.5 „ Leucole Yellow G 2,5 „ 2. 1 . „ at the boil 5 „ „ „ ,, , 3,5 „ 3„ 2 . „ „ 10 „ « ,t ,, ^ 4,5 „ 4 . 4 , „ „ 20 . M „ ,, 6,5. 6. 8 . . . 40 „ n • ,t 11 . 8. 12 , , „ 2,5 „ Algole Yellow R , 3 , 2 „ I , . , 5 . * "1, „ 4 „ 3. 2 , „ 10 r „ ^ 6 . „ 4 . 4 „ 20 . . ^ 10 . 6. 8 „ . , 40 . „ 14 , 8„ 12 . , . 2,5. ". , WF 3,5 „ 2 1 , 70—750 „ 5 , , , 5 , 3. 2 „ Faht. or 10 , , , 6 . 4„ 4 „ 120-1400 , 20 „ 8 . 6 . 8 „ Faht. „ 40 „ . 13 . 8„ 16 . . . Colour in Paste Form Temperature for Dissolving Caustrc Soda 52 » TW. (calculated by,'Voluine i.e. in fluid lb. & oz.) Hydrosul- phite cone. B. n.s.F. Pdr. Glauber's Salt Crysl. per 10 imp. Galls Temperature of Dye-bath Soaping 2,5 % Algole Brill. Orange FR 85—95 3 % 9 0/ 1 lb 70—75" at the boil 5 „ „ ,. » Faht. 4 „ 3„ 2 „ Faht. or 10 „ n ,, „ » „ 6 „ 4, 4 „ 105-120" 20 . 40 „ - ' 10 „ 14 , 6„ 8. 8 , 12 . Faht. 2,5 , Algnle Orange R „ 6 „ 2. 1 „ 70-75" 5 , „ „ ,, „ 7 , 3. 2 . Faht. 10 „ „ 8 „ 4. 4 „ „ 20 . „ • ,, „ 10 . 6 „ 8 „ 40 , 14 „ 8, 12 , ° 2,5 „ Algole Red 5 7 „ 2. 1 „ 5 „ „ „ ,, 9 , 3. 2 „ I'J . » ,, 11 , 4. 4 „ 20 , . ,1 14 „ 6„ 8 „ 40 . „ „ ,, 17 . 8„ 12 „ 2,5 , „ 20 4 „ 2„ 2 „ 70-75" 5 . ,1 5 „ 3„ 4 , Faht. or 10 . „ 6 „ 4„ 8 „ 105-120" 20 . ,. 9 „ 6. 12 , Faht. 40 „ „ „ ,, 14 ., 8, 16 „ 2,5 „ Algule Scarlet „ 7 . 2. 1 „ 70-75" at 120" 5 „ „ ,, 9 . 3, 2 , Faht. Faht. 10 „ „ „ , 11 ., 4„ 4 „ 20 „ „ „ ,, 14 ,. 6. 8 . 40 „ „ „ ,, „ 17 „ 8» 12 . 2,5 „ Algole Pink R „ 4 ., 2, 3 „ 5 „ ™ . ,, „ 5 „ 3„ 6 . 10 „ ,, „ 7 „ 4. 12 „ 20 . „ „ 9 , 6. 15 . . 40 „ » ,. ,, „ 13 . 8„ 20 „ 1,75 „ „ TR 105—120" 3 „ 2, 1 , „ boiling 3,5 . .. Faht. 5 , 3„ 2 „ , thoroughly 7 , . „ 7,5. 4. 4 . . U „ 1, » ,, „ 10 „ 6„ 8 . 28 . „ „ 14 „ 8„ 12 „ 2,5 „ Algole Brilliant Red 2 B „ 3 , 2„ 1 . ] 5 „ „ ,, » ,, „ 5 . 3. 2 „ „ 10 „ ,, „ 7,5 „ 4„ 4 . . 20 „ „ , „ , 11 . 6, 8 „ „ 40 , „ 15 „ 8. 12 . 2,5 „ Algole Red FF extra „ 3 „ 2. 1 . 5 . ., , 5 , 3, 2 . . 10 , „ 7,5. 4. 4 , „ 20 „ „ , „ „ 11 . 6. 8 . . , 40 , . 15 . 8. 12 , , 2,5 „ „ R extra „ 3 , 2. 1 „ . 5 . n an,, ^ 5 . 3. 2 . . 10 . n 7,5, 4. 4 . - 25 D. H. HILL LIBRARY North Carolina State College Ctiloiir IT Paste Forrr TemperBtiJTie for Dissolpins S2«Tliu iaiatakBi tr^ vohHDt i. £. ai fhiia Ih. k ox.' pMecMC K.H.S.F. per lt» ijBttL ftye-tatr ST;rr'"Tr 20 % Algole Red R extra 1115—120' 11 \ 6\ 8 ■» 1 70-75* ^rtTVmr 40 , « ». 1, tp Fahl 15 . 8 . 12 . 1 FabL ijtawmiWy 2,5 . „ B 85-95* 9^. 2 , 1 , , alOteboa 5 , r > n Faht 10 . 3 . 2 , , 10 , * • „ , 12 , 4 . 4 . 20 . « « n J-5 . 6 . 8 . ■30 „ . • >• 17 . 8 . 12 , 2,5 . Algo^e Bordeaia 3 B , a4. 2 . 1 . , 5 . , 5 , 3 . 2 . , 10 , » T. » , 8 , 4 , 4 , , 30 . » „ • „ n , 6 , 8 , , 40 , , „ , , 16 , S . 12 , , 2^ . Algole Corinth R , 3,5, 2 2 , , 5 . » .. „ , 5 » 3 , 4 , , • 10 , r • ,. , 8 . 4 . 6 . m 20 , ,. » ., , 13 . 6 , 10 . , 40 , r ,■ „ , 18 . 8 , 12 . w 2^ . Algote BrilL Viokl 2 B 105-120' 4 . 2 . 1 . ?0— 75» 5 . * -M • * FaM. 6 . 3. 2 . FdiOL 10 . . „ . r , 9 . 4. 4 , 105— 130" . 20 . .„,.,. , 14 . 6 . S . FaUL 40 . , „ , , , 30 , 8 . 12 . 2^ , . R , 4 , 2 , 1 . 5 . . „ . . , 6 , 3 . 2 , 10 , . T. r » , Q 4 . 4 , 30 . . „ ,. , U , 6 , 8 , , 40 . „ ,. . r 2li , 8, 12 , 2,5 , Algole Yiolel B 4 , 2 1 . 70-75' 5 r m T, ,. 6 , 3 , 2 . FaM. 10 . r, 9 . 4 , 4 . 30 . ■n , 14 . 6 . 8 . 40 . T » « , 20 , 8 , 12 , 2,5 . Algole Blue 3R , 4 , ■-) 1 . 5 . ,. , 6 , 3 I 2 . 10 , . » S , 4 , * . 30 , » „ » , 14 , 6 . 8 . 40 , ,. T, . , 39 « 8 , 12 , 2.5 . „ K , • 2^, 2 , 1 , 5 . ■r. , 4 , 3 . 2 . 10 . » . n , 7 , 4 . 4 . 30 , . , 11 . 6 , 8 . 40 . ■,. , 16 , 8 , 12 . 2^ . „ CF 120—140" 20 . 2 , — lao— 140 5 . « ». -n FalaL 24 , 3 . — Fdm. 10 . tt r -r. , 28 . 4 , — , 30 , r * -r, , 32 . , 6 . — , 40 . y ■» Ti ^ 40 , 8 . — ^ 2.5 . „ 3G ' 40 . "^ - ' '^-7— ' 3S Caustic Soda Temperature 52 » Tw. (calculated Hydrosul- phlte cone. Qlauber's Salt Cryst Temperature Colour In Paste Form for by volume B.R.S.F. per 10 imp. of Soaping Dissolving i.e. in fluid lb. & oz ) Pdr. Galls. Dye-bath ' 1 5 % Algole Blue 3G 120-1400 40 "„ 3% 105— 120" at the boil 10 . . Faht. 42 . 4. — Faht. . 20 . [ , I „ 42 „ 6„ — „ , 40 . . n ,, „ 44 „ 8. — „ , 2,5. Algole Green B „ 40 „ 2. — 120-140" 5 . . , 40 , 3. — Faht. 10 „ ', . ,',' 42 . 4„ — „ 20 . n 42 „ 6, — . 40 , » • ,, ^ 44 . 8, — , 2,5 „ Lcucole Dark Green B 40 . 2. — . 5 , „ 40 „ 3. — „ 10 , » ,, t, >, „ 42 . 4, — „ 20 , ., 1, » >> „ 42 „ 6„ — 40 „ 44 „ 8,. — „ 2,5, Algole Olive I< 85^950 5 , 2. 1 lb 70-75" 5 . Faht. 7 „ 3. 2 , Faht. or 10 „ „ I'J . 4. 4 „ 120—140" 20 „ , 14 „ 6. 8 , Faht. 40 . „ 20 , 8„ 12 . , 2.5. Algole Brown G „ 3 . 2, 1 , „ 5 . „ 4 „ 3, 2 , „ 10 . 6 . 4, 4 , „ 20 . 10 . 6. 8 , , 40 . 14 „ 8. 12 , . 2,5. \ I R „ 3 „ 2„ 1 , „ 5 . , „ 4 „ 3. 2 , , 10 , r, , 6 , 4. 4 „ „ 20 , „ 10 . 6. 8 , , 40 . ,. „ 14 . 8, 12 . , 2.5. Leucole Brown B 120—140" 40 . 2. — Raise from 5 . . Faht. 40 . 3. — 140" to 10 , , 50 . 4, — 195" Faht. 20 . . , 60 . 6. — in '/j hour 40 . „ 80 , 8, — . 2,5, Algole Grey B 70—75" 2,5. 2. 1 lb 70-750 5 , . « Faht. 4 , 3. 2 , Faht. 10 , n 1* , „ 6,5, 4, 4 . „ 20 . n 11 . 6. 8 , , 40 , „ „ 16 , 8. 12 , , 2,5. , 2B 2,5, 2. 1 , 5 . ,> 4 . 3. 2 „ , 10 . . 6,5. 4. 4 , „ 20 . r, „ 11 . 6, 8 , „ 40 . n „ 16 , 8. 12 , , 20 . Algole Black" CL 120-140" 30 „ 6. 5 , 140" Faht. 40 , . Faht. 32 , 8. 10 . , 60 . . 34 „ 10. 15 . . 80 , 37 , 14, 20 , . 20 . ' "., r"o 105" Faht. 12 . 6, 10 . 75—850 40 , „ 16 . 8, 20 . Faht. 60 , '„ „ 22 , 10. 30 , . 80 „ „ 28 „ 14. 40 . ■■ The Dyeing of Combination Shades. Cold-dyeing Algoles. The amount of caustic soda necessary when dyeing combination shades is determined according to the method il- lustrated by the following examples: 1. 10% Algole Yellow R 20»/o Algole Red 5G 30% colour. The amount of caustic soda which would be necessary if 30% of each brand were dyed is now calculated thus: 30% Algole Yellow R = 12% caustic soda 52 » Tw. SOO'o Algole Red 5 G = 15.5% „ Total = 27,5% Since, however, only 30" q colour is used altogether, this quantity of caustic soda is to be halved, i. e. 13.75% is to be taken. 2. 5% Algole Orange R 5% Algole Yellow R 15% Algole Grey 2 B 25" colour Taking 25*"o of each brand, we get 25", Algole Orange R = 11 % caustic soda 52" Tw. 25''/o Algole Yellow R = 11 % „ 25% Algole Grey 2B = 12.25% .. Total 3-i:2b% Since three colours are employed, a third of this quantity of caustic soda is to be taken, i. e. 11,42%. When 4 colours are combined, the same method is followed, the total amount of caustic soda arrived at being divided by 4. Moreover, good results are obtained by making an addition of silicate of soda which counteracts any excess of caustic soda. Thus, if Algole Yellow 3 G, which is dyed best with a little caustic soda, is com- bined with Algole Blue K, which needs more caustic soda, the usual amount of caustic soda for the latter brand may be taken and then about 15 — 30% silicate of soda added. Dye for \'o hour according to the usual recipe with caustic soda, hydrosulphite and Glauber's salt, lift the material and add silicate of soda; the colour which requires less caustic soda is then absorbed better. 28 Like silicate of soda, glucose also renders good service. In the case of deep shades which need 15 — 20% caustic soda, 15— 207o glucose is added. The glucose may be added to the dye-bath at the beginning or, just like silicate of soda, after dyeing for '- hour.- Colours that are to be combined are dissolved or reduced together at a temperature of 85—105° Faht. The following are examples of suitable combinations: Bright Pink: Algole Brilliant Red 2 B or Algole Red FF extra with Algole Red 5 G or Algole Brilliant Orange F R. Bright Scarlet: Algole Brilliant Red 2B with Algole Red 5 G or 2 G or Algole Brilliant Orange F R. Bright Claret: Algole Bordeaux 3B with Algole Brilliant Red 2 B or Algole Red F F extra, R extra. Dark Claret: Algole Bordeaux 3B with Algole Corinth R. Violet or Heliotrope: Algole Brilliant Violet 2 B, R, Algole Violet B with Algole Red R extra or, for saddening, Algole Corinth R. Dark Blue: Algole Blue K with Algole Bordeaux 3 B or Algole Red R extra and Algole Orange R. Reseda: Algole Olive R, Algole Blue K, Algole Yellow R or 3 G L. Green or Olive: Algole Blue K with Algole Yellow R, W F or 3 G L. Grey : Algole Grey B, 2 B Algole Blue K, Algole Yellow 3 G L, R, W F Algole Orange R. Brown: Algole Brown G or R with Algole Olive R and Algole Yellow R, W F. 29 Hot-dyeing Algole or Leucole Colours. Of the hot-dyeing colours, Algole Blue 3 G, Algole Green B and Leucole Dark Green B combine particularly well since they all require the same amount of caustic soda. If Algole Blue CF" is combined with Algole Blue 3 G, the average amount of caustic soda, calculated according to the examples given for the cold- dyeing colours, is taken. The following brands are also adapted for combination shades: Algole Olive R, Algole Brown G, R. Algole Yellow W F, Algole Brilliant Orange F R and Algole Red 2 G. Moreover, Algole Brilliant Violet 2 B and R may be combined with one another. ■ Not sold in U. S. A 30 c . ? •c -a -o T3 T3 V ■a T3 ■3 •0 ■a 1 1 o Till § 2 g S ^ ./, =C M M o ■g g. s> M t ^^ 8 -o >- 3: 1 1 a >» >^ >» M M "° >« >> Se o ^~ =" > > > > > > > > > > > > > ' s| ■O T3 "O "3 "O •o "a T3 1 1 ■3 ■D T3 8 8 1 •0 1 ° 1 o S >.>.>. >. >. >> Ss >. >1 >* >^ >.>.>• dyed > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > ^ > > « be ■o T3 -a -o § I § § ^ •a -o -o •a •a -3 1 1 1 ■a -a P. P- "O 5 2 >.>>>> >v §3 >» >. >. >> >, >, >« >» M c (V ^ 2 > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > sz i w ^ in '^^ ■a -o -o -o "O 8 8 8 8 8 i ^ 1 & 2| -a •o -3 8 8 •0 1 ■a Ed ss 1 1 1 en u. e ao 00 > " 1=^ •« ex: 3 O — o "2 "9 ■a T3 T3 , ^ ■0 -0 -g o « S = "^ P, 9. ° •g a a U U 5 5 S « "i - > > >. 1 > > > > > > > 03 > w 2 T3 -a -o -o -a o o o o o S) a S) M M ■o -a T3 8 8 8 11 •a 1 1 -0 1 ■0 ■o -a -a O £ < >,>»>. >. >, >, ^ >* >» >> >. >!>»>> a > > > > > > > > > > ?- > > > > > > > > CD ■o -a ■O a> •0 rj ■a "3 ■g l«.3 o s ^ o o o o n S M QO t» M - -S ■3 O O M 2 2 o o §) g> M a a 5||l bJO M a >■>.>*>> ^ u §)>.>» >* o 1 >» >. >> >i > > ? E E > > > > > > > a " M— 1 O > « be in c 1 = 1 III, > > > •D -a t) >. >. > > > > •a > 1 ■a -3 8 8 > > 8- >> - > 1 > 1 > 111 ■o -o i C «* "S "S 2 C 2 £ ^ •0 -o ^ 2 S (A .>.>>>.>> •oja w> -a ^ -a J3 n '-o ^ S S ^ Ej: £ 2 a> a* « 2J i; > > "5 if > > J= j= ^ •5 > m OS S M ^ 1 5 S -g g § ■a i =* ■§ •g 1 1 1 -' &. S: S a S) i ^ >^ jj >^ >. ^ 5 ^ K X x: £2 ^ B > " > - •" ^ ^ ■*-' , tuO c ^ "^ S3 t! o SI CO C o ra a s = c c c c a' 1 CO ■ 3 " a ^ S 5 = X2 TO > > > S c 1 1 < < < a =J . 5 1 5 < < < 'C CS (J 03 < < 5 31 c o 'o U c o -o -a CD 3 O U > O — o < en CO to a: c o TO = ^ y ^ 3 5 2 2^ zc =* C = i£- = >v >. >i >» >» >> >» ' >» >» >*_£ >>^ ' M u &| >• E « "'" > > > > > "^ > >=•=•& » > > « c ^ ■g-g = 0- £ ^"2 -= -3 -^ 1 - « -3-33 = •- -3 -3 S -3 ^ s U :/ _>> >. iil — ^ ti — 1 ' 1 i >»>»>»' 5 s I if ae >» - 1 5 3 :^ c i; '^ c ^ ^ > > > ~ ^ « « — w *" CR ^ ^ _ _ _ -5 _ _ _ - _, _. _j _._._, — -3 — -3 -3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 - 5 — iC li u ^ ■u tf -* a i£ 3£ 2 "U. Zt "ZZ ::£ i£ ce « u >1 >i >^ >. >» >> ir >^ >■ >> S£ ^ >» >» >»>»>.>»>» es *" -, i) a* It O > > > > ^ > >^ > > > > > > > > > > > , a •a _ _ ■0 _ _ -3 ^ _3 c U =^ 5 3 3 3 » i i M >< >» >* >> >i Sc 3c St S: 5: a >•>»>» >» a "" -S > ^ > _> > > > > > o „ _ _ _ _ _J _ -0 -^ rz — -3 -3 -3-3-3-3-3 lis 5 3 3 c it :f !1£ a 3; ::£ ae cc ::£ Sc be cifl >. >, >i >. >^ ;~^ >■ S >»>.>. ^ >.>.>». >»>»>»>.>» ■5 (J -a w a* y > > > > > > > > > > > > > iL •r -3 ■a ■5 _j _ -3 -3-3-3-3 -3 -3 ^ ■3 -C -3 -3 ^ 5 2 "C c C 3 3 C 3 « C C -J 3 3 C 3 3 c < 2 5: Sr >. C£ >*>.*' Ge DC M &£ CX U u 3c ae t£ :x >i »-. >» >i >» a > > > •^ ^ > > > > ^ > > > > > > > > > > ^ ~3 « ¥ -g •a -o ^ "5 — -3 -3 -3 -3-3-3 -3 -2 -a £ _c g 300^ 3 00 ]a 0-303-3 = •§ tSC Z£ •u W ^ ^ US M 3 =« =i 3 ^ t i >, r •f 1 ^■z ■^ ^ ^ -3 = >» >. ^ >> M ^ ^ M > > > > 3 > ^ IB ~ ^ - - ■" u _ _ _ _ _ _. _ _j _ _j _j -3 -3 -3 -3 -O 5 5 r 33000 3 = * :;£ u c^ y ti u 5 a :l£ :z 1 ^ >^ >^ >! >t >% >i >> i >■■>>>>« >.>.>. >*>»>,>.>» ~ £ > > > > > > '" > > > > > > > > > > > 1 : 5 "^ _ •3 2 _ •3 -3 -3 -3 _j -3 -3 -3 -3 -3 3 3 00000 - -3 3 3 3 u « M c &fi :x cc » be « < - ^ 1» >. c >» >» SJ >i ^ >^ >t >v >• a& >. >> >v >» >> >» C9 . b. Z a- H > > > « > > > > > > > > > > > -3-3-3 ■9^1 -g "i "i "i 3 3 p ^ o 2 _it J; x Si -=: J: }± — ? St. ^ ZC~z 5t Se Se ir ■" ^ Ss >, '-^ ^ s i 1 ^ ^' ^ « >. >^ >. >» ^ i^ S: ^ i - "^ > > " " > > > > > > > > ^ 5 1 1 cr H-. £ — > i ££ ~ C c CQ c: u- £ c c.°=' = ^' — r ^iii"^ — f' ^ - « E -=^ llll >. >» -^ = = J H ^ i i5 £l ji = = — — — 3 ca > c: =c ^ =2 c ^ - - ^ t c: 23 — ** 2 — "c ~ ^ 5 5 S£ ^ ^ ^ r < < < < < — < < < < < < X 32 Methods of Printing Algole & Alizarine Indigo Colours and Brome Indigo F B P. 1. The Rongalite-Carbonate Process. The following brands may be suitably printed according to this process : Mix Red: Algole Bordeaux 3B paste Algole Brilliant Red 2B paste Algole Pink R, T R paste Algole Red B, F F extra, 2 G, 5 G, R extra paste Algole Scarlet G paste Alizarine Indigo Red B paste Orange: Algole Brilliant Orange FR paste Algole Orange R paste Yellow : Algole Yellow 3 G, 3 G L, R, W F paste Leucole Yellow G paste Green: Algole Green B paste Algole Olive R paste Leucole Dark Green B paste Blue: Algole Blue CF'S 3 G, 3 R paste Alizarine Indigo G, 7 G, 3 R, 5 R, 7 R paste Brome Indigo FBP paste Violet: Algole Brilliant Violet 2 B, R paste Algole Violet B paste Alizarine Indigo Violet B paste ' Brown: Algole Brown G, R paste Leucole Brown B paste Grey: Algole Black C L, R O paste Alizarine Indigo Grey B paste The print colours are prepared as follows: 15 _ 30% colour (paste) with 70 - 60% Thickening R D, 15 — — % water and _ _ 10% Rongalite C 1 : 1 100 * Algole Blue C F is not sold in U. S. A. 33 Thickening R D. Stir 130 parts wheat starch into a paste with 130 , water, then mux with 40 , British gum pdr. 95 . glycerine 185 . gum 1 :3 185 , tragacanth 1 : 10 and boil up; when at about 105° Faht, add 115 , potassium carbonate and, lastly, 120 , Rongalile C dissolved at the same temperature. 1000 parts. When preparing the print colour, the dyestuff in paste form is thor- oughly mixed with the water and the thickening and then passed through a fine sieve. The following thickening for reduction gives clear, even prints. Thickening R H. 800 parts gum 1 : 3 70 , potassium carbonate or soda ash 60 , glycerine 30 „ Rongalite C 40 , water 1000 parts. After printing, dry the material (but not too quickly), air and then steam with as little delay as possible for, say, 5 minutes with plentj- of moist steam in the Mather & Piatt, free from air, at 212-215" Faht The material enters and leaves the ager at the same opening (which is usually at the bottom). In order to economise steam, the ager is fitted with a self-closing aperture. The steam is introduced in a continuous stream at the top of the ager after passing through a small steam kettle or boiler whereby it becomes moister, at the same time retaining its high temperature. The material must not be stored long after steaming, but must be passed full width, as soon as possible, through a bath at 85 — 140^' Faht. containing 3V4— 8 oz bichromate and ^2—1 lb. acetic add per 10 gallons water (i. e. 2 — 5 grms. and 5 — 10 grms respectively per litre), rinsed, soaped for V4 hour at 175 — 212° Faht, rinsed and dried. Instead of being passed through a bichromate solution, the goods may be taken through dilute sulphuric acid or an acidulated perborate bath. 34 The print colours may also be applied alongside ice colours to material that has been prepared with naphtol. Moreover, they may be employed as discharge colours on shades dyed with Benzo, Para or Diazo dyestuffs. In this case, the amount of Rongalite must not be too great, otherwise sharply-defined objects will not be produced. If an Alizarine Indigo print colour, with or without an addition of potassium sulphite, is printed on material prepared with sodium naphtolate or 2-1 -naphtol carbonic acid sodium salt and steamed in the way mentioned, blue resists under red are obtained on dyeing with diazo paranitraniline. 2. Bicarbonate Process. All the colours mentioned as suitable for the Rongalite-carbonate process, as well as the corresponding powder brands, are adapted for the bicarbonate process. Recipe for printing Algole Colours with Bicarbonate. Mix 150 — 200 parts Algole colour (paste) with 80 „ glycerine, add 80 — 30 „ water 500 „ Thickening G S 40 „ caustic soda 106" Tw. and then stir up with 20 „ hydrosulphite cone. B. A. S. F. pdr. After V2 hour, add and dissolve 70 „ Rongalite C (finely powdered); mi.x well with 60 „ sodium bicarbonate 1000 parts. Thicliening G S. 170 parts wheat starch 590 „ water 240 „ gum cryst. 1 : 5 or gum Senegal 1 : 2 1000 parts. Thickening for Reduction. 80 parts soda ash or potassium carbonate 300 „ water 120 „ commercial gum 1 : 5 or gum senega! 1 :2 400 „ Thickening G S 60 „ glycerine 40 , Rongalite C 1000 parts 35 It is advisable to pass the print colour through a fine sieve. After printing, proceed as in the case of the Rongalite-carbonate process. 3. The Rongalite — Caustic Soda — Steam Process. The following colours may be printed according to this method: Red: Orange : Yellow Green : Algole Brilliant Red 2 B Algole Pink R, T R Algole Red B t, FF extra, 2 G, 5 G, R extra Algole Scarlet G Alizarine Indigo Red B Algole Brilliant Orange F R Algole Orange R Algole Yellow 3 G, 3 G L, R, W F Leucole Yellow G t Algole Green B Algole Olive R Leucole Dark Green B Blue: * Algole Blue Cf, CFj, 3 G f, Kt, 3R Alizarine Indigo G, 7 G, 3 R, 5 R, 7 R Violet: Algole Brilliant Violet 2 B, R t Algole Corinth R Algole Violet B Alizarine Indigo Violet B paste Brown: Algole Brown G, R t Leucole Brown B Grey: Algole Black RO Alizarine Indigo Grey B Those brands marked with a cross are fixed with the greater quan- tity of caustic soda given in the following recipe. Algole Blue C is not sold in Great Britain 4 Ireland and the U. S. A. Algole Blue C F is not sold in the U. S. A. 36 Recipe for Printing. Mix 200 — 200 parts colour (paste) glycerine 200 - - 200 70 - - 70 360 - - 230 145 - - 275 25 - - 25 British gum thickening caustic soda 106" Tw., stir up with hydrosulphite cone. B. A. S. F. pdr., allow to stand until the colour is fully reduced, and finally stir in 200 — 200 „ Rongalite thickening 1000 parts. British Gum Tiiicltening. 400 p arts British gum pdr. 10 wheat starch 590 water 1000 parts. Rongalite Thicltening. 667 parts British gum thickening 333 „ Rongalite C 1000 parts. The steaming and the succeeding operations are carried out as stated for Process I. 4. The Tin Crystals — Copperas Process. The following colours are adapted for this method: Red : Algole Bordeaux 3 B paste Algole Brilliant Red 2 B paste Algole Pink R, T R paste Algole Red B, F F extra, 2 G, 5 G, R extra paste Algole Scarlet G paste Alizarine Indigo Red B paste Orange: Algole Brilliant Orange FR paste Algole Orange R paste Yellow; Algole Yellow 3 G, 3 G L, R, WF paste Leucole Yellow G paste Green: Algole Green B paste Algole Olive R paste Leucole Dark Green B paste 37 Blue: Algole Blue C F *, 3 G, 3 R paste Alizarine Indigo G, 7 G, 3 R, 5 R, 7 R paste Brome Indigo F B P paste Violet: Algole Brilliant Violet 2 B, R paste Algole Corinth R paste Algole Violet B paste Alizarine Indigo Violet B paste Brown : Algole Brown G, R paste Leucole Brown B paste Grey: Algole Grey B, 2 B paste Algole Black CL, RO paste Alizarine Indigo Grey B paste. This method has proved especially useful printing since the printed goods are not damaged time before being subjected to the final operations. If this method is adopted for machine printing, it is advisable to neutralise a part of the acid in the print colour with caustic soda so that the fibre may not be tendered when drying. In the case of light shades, it is advisable to reduce the colour and to precipitate it again in the thickening; in this way, very even prints are obtained. Recipe for Printing. 150 parts colour (paste) 850 „ Thickening SL Boil for block and spray if left lying for some 1000 parts Thickening S L, 100 parts wheat starch 80 „ water 170 , gum cryst. 1 : 2 170 " tragacanth 65 : 1000, when cold add the following solution 70 ^ tartaric acid 40 „ water 30 „ caustic soda 106" Tw. 170 „ tragacanth 65: 1000 , 20 150 „ tin cryst. „ copperas 1000 parts. Algole Blue C F is not sold in U. S. A. 38 197 188 103 „ 20 25 30 „ 3 5 7 „ 360 330 300 „ 240 220 200 „ 25 30 45 „ 15 20 30 „ 5 7 10 „ 125 150 225 „ Recipe for Light Print Colours with reduced Dyestuff. Dissolve : 10 25 50 parts colour (in paste form) in water caustic soda 66° Tw. hydrosulphite cone. B. A. S. F. pdr. gum 1 : 3 British gum 1 : 2, then stir well with a solution of copperas tartaric acid tin cryst. in gum 1 : 3 1000 parts. It is advisable to pass the print colour through a fine sieve. The material, after having been uniformly dried, is passed full width for 20—30 seconds through a beck (with rollers) containing caustic soda of 32—36" Tw. at a temperature of 160—165° Faht. and afterwards, without being squeezed, through cold caustic soda of the same strength. It is then sprayed, soured off well with sulphuric acid 4V2— 6° Tw., rinsed thoroughly, soaped for 10 minutes at the boil, rinsed and dried. In order that any colour which precipitates in the caustic soda bath may not go on to the white, it is advisable to add to the hot caustic soda a little manganese dioxide paste (1—2 oz. per pint or 50—100 grms. per litre). Manganese Dioxide Paste. Mix 400 parts chloride of lime 12" Tw. with 100 „ caustic soda 66° Tw. and slowly stir into a cold solution of 150 „ manganous chloride in 350 „ water 1000 parts. 5. Padding with Hydrosulphite — Caustic Soda. The following colours may be employed for this purpose: Red : Algole Bordeaux 3 B Algole Brilliant Red 2 B Algole Pink R, T R Red: Algole Red B, F F extra, 2 G, 5 G, R extra Algole Scarlet G Alizarine Indigo Red B Orange: Algole Brilliant Orange FR Algole Orange R Yellow: Algole Yellow 3 G, 3 G L, R, WF Leucole Yellow G Green: Algole Green B Algole Olive R Leucole Dark Green B Blue: Algole Blue CF*, 3 G, K, 3R Alizarine Indigo G, 7 G, 3 R, 5 R, 7 R Brome Indigo F B, F B P Violet: Algole Brilliant Violet 2 B, R Algole Corinth R Algole Violet B Alizarine Indigo Violet B Brown : Algole Brown G, R Leucole Brown B Grey: Algole Grey B, 2 B Algole Black C L, R O Alizarine Indigo Grey B Recipe for the Padding Liquor, 10 — 20 parts Algole colour paste 300 — 300 „ water 15 — 20 „ caustic soda 66" Tw. 20 — 20 „ alcohol 10 — 10 „ Monopole Soap 1 : 1 or Monopole Brilliant Oil 7 — 10 „ hydrosulphite cone. B. A. S. F. pdr. 638 — 620 „ water 1000 parts. The foulard should be fitted with a small colour-box with 2 rollers. The material is passed as evenly as possible through the liquor which is either cold or at 105 — 120" Faht. On leaving the squeezing rollers, it is * Not sold in U. S. A. taken, after only a short passage through the air, through a box containing bichromate and acetic acid (^/r, oz. bichromate and '/;! gill acetic acid per gallon water of 105—120'' Faht., i. e. 5 grms. and 10 cc respectively per litre), rinsed and soaped at the boil for 5 minutes. (Leucole Yellow G, Algole Pink R and Algoie Scarlet G are soaped at 160*' Faht.) In order to avoid specking from the scum, a little turpentine, Monopoie Brilliant Oil, alcohol etc. should be added to the padding liquor. Glauber's or common salt is sometimes added with a view to furthering the absorption of the colour. 6. Padding with Tin Cryst. — Copperas. All the vat colours that can be printed according to the tin cryst.- copperas process may also be padded by this method. (For list, see pages 37 & 38.) Recipe. Mix 10 — 20 parts Algole colour in paste form water caustic soda 66° Tw. hydrosulphite cone. B. A. S. F. pdr. gum 1 : 5 and stir up well with a solution of gum 1 : 5 tartaric acid tin cryst. copperas 1000 parts. The padding is carried out either in the printing machine with two padding rollers or in the padding machine with a liquor containing less thickening. After drying, print with tin cryst.— copperas print colours (see pages 38 & 39) or pass at once for 25—30 seconds through caustic soda 32" Tw. at 160—170° Faht., spray, pass through sulphuric acid of 41/2—6^ Tw., allow to lie for a time, rinse well, soap at the boil, rinse and dry. 10 - - 20 parts 345 - - 309 „ 15 - - 20 „ 3 - 4 „ 455 - - 400 „ 125 - - 180 „ 17 - - 25 „ 5 - 7 , 25 - - 35 „ Algole Colours. 2,5°/„ Algole Yellow 3 G paste Algole Yellow 3QL paste *°° 10% 2,5% Leucole Yellow G paste Algole Yellow R paste Algole Brilliant Orange F R paste ^°'» Algole Orange R paste 2.S % s % 10 % 2,5 % Algole Red 5 paste ''■^ °/° 15 % Algole Scarlet G paste Algole Pink R paste Algole Pink TR paste 2,5 % 7.5 % IS % 2.5 % 5 % 10 % r 0,8 »„ 1.75% 3,5 % l_ 42 Algole Colours. 2,5% J, Algole Brilliant " Red 2B paste 10 % 2.5'';o Algole Red ^ °''' F F extra paste 10 % 23«/„ Algole Red R extra paste Algole Red B paste 15 % Algole Bordeaux 3 B paste Algole Corinth R paste 10 % Algole Brilliant ^ °'° Violet 2B paste Algole Brilliant Violet R paste 10 % Algole Violet B paste Algole Blue 3R paste 15 % 43 Algole and Alizarine Indigo Colours. Algole Blue K paste Brome Indigo F B paste Alizarine Indigo G paste Algole Blue CF paste Algole Blue 3 paste Algole and Alizarine Indijjo Colours. Leucole Brown B paste 2^% Algole Grey B paste 2.5% 5 % „, Algole Grey 2B paste Algole Black C L paste Algole Black RO paste '■.!>'''o ^, Algole Yellow W F pasie 2.5% 5 ,^ Algole Red 2G ^^^ ° paste 25% Alizarine Indigo Red B paste Alizarine Indigo ° 7 p.islo 45 Combination Shades. 2 »/„ Algole Brilliant Red 2B 0,5% Algole Brilliant Orange I- R 20 % Algole Brilliant • Red 2 B 20 X Algole Brilliant Orange F R 25 % Algole Brilliant Orange F R 15 % Algole Brilliant Red 2 B 20 % Algole Brown R 20 % Algole Red B paste 20 % Algole Bordeaux 3B 120 1 20 % Algole Red R extra 26 % Algole Yellow R 4 »/„ Algole Blue K 15 »/„ Algole Yellow R 15 % Algole Olive R 15 % Algole Olive R 10 »;„ Algole Yellow R 5 % Algole Brown R 25 % Algole Olive R 10 % Algole Yellow R 5 % Algole Brown R 20 % Algole Blue K 10 % Algole Blue 3R 20 % Algole Blue 3 R IS % Algole Brilliant Violet 2 B 7 % Algole Blue K 6,57o Algole Yellow R 16 % Algole Blue K 14 % Algole Yellow R 2,5»/„ Algole Brilliant Violet R 20 % Algole Blue K 5 % Algole Grey 2B 8 "/„ Algole Grey 2B 1 »/o Algole Yellow R 9 »'„ Algole Grey 2B 4,S"/„ Algole Olive R 6 % Algole Grey 2 B 0,5»/„ Algole Red B 6 % Algole Grey 2B 1 % Algole Blue 3R 0,5".'„ Algole Bordeaux 8 % Algole Grey 2B 1 % Algole Orange R IS % Algole Yellow R i,87o Algole Orange R 135 | 1,8% Algole Grey B 10 % Algole Yellow R 2,5% Algole Orange R 137 | 2 % Algole Olive R 4 % Algole Bordeau 1 % Algole Blue K 3 B 138 5 % Algole Violet B 2,5»/o Algole Red R extra 7,5% Algole Red B 7,5"/„ Algole Brilliant Violet R 15 % Algole Brown R 10 % Algole Orange R 6 % Algole Orange R 5 % Algole Grey 2B 3 % Algole Yellow R 25 % Algole Brown R 15 % Algole Yellow R 2.5% Algole Olive R 25 % Algole Brown R 15 % Algole Yellow R 5 % Algole Olive R 2'i % Algole Brown R 5 % A'gole Yel.ow R 10 % Algole Olive R Ihe quanlilies ol colour given refer to the paste form. 46 Embroid ery Silk. 146 147 148 ^^^^^^^^1^^ 15 Algole UHUJJJUP^^g paste 160 161 162 ^^^^^^^^^H 15 ° ^^^^^^^^^H IS ' Algole Corinth R paste ■„ Algole Brilliant Violet 2 B paste /o Algole Brilliant Violet R paste Bi^^^iiWffMmin^^' ^^ °'o A'e°>° veiiow HgaBi^amMj^i^upiHaESr. 3 o l paste ^^^^^^^^^^Be 20 Leucole Yellow 149 150 BiltttimWfflilJIffil^ffl^ 15 % Algole Yellow R ||MAy^yityatf*ww^wii|j[(^lr^pfitffl paste 163 164 Algole Violet B paste '0 Algole Blue 3R paste ^^^^^^^^^^^B 15 Algole ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H Orange paste 151 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^1 Algole ^^^^^^^^^^^■^H paste 165 ^^^^^^^^^^H .'0 ° '„ Algole Blue K paste 152 ^^^^^^^^^^^H 10 Algole ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H] paste 166 ^^^^^^^^^^B 20 ' '0 Brome Indigo F B paste 153 ^^^^^^^^^^^H 20 Algole Scarlet ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^1 paste 167 ^^^^^^^^^H 15 ' '0 Alizarine Indigo paste 154 HHsn^^^^^^W' 2,5"', Algole Pink R 168 ^^^^^^^^^^m ^^ ^ '„ Algole Olive R paste 1.55 ^^^^^^^^^^^^H 15 Algole ^^^^^^^^^^^^H paste 169 ^^^^^HH^H 15 ° '0 Algole Brown G paste 156 ^^^^^^^^^^^1 15 Algole FF ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^1 extra 170 ^^^^^^^H^H 15 ° o Algole Brown R paste 157 ^^^^^^^^^^^^H Algole extra ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ paste 171 ^^^^^^^^^^^1 15 Algole Grey B paste 15S ^^^^^^^^^^^^H ju 172 HH^" Algole Grey 2B paste 159 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B Algole Bordeaux ^^^^^^^^^^^^H paste 173 ■■1 ' „ Algole Black R paste , Glanzstoff. 10 %Algole Yellow 3 G paste 10 % Algole Yellow 3 G L paste IS % Leucole Yellow G paste 10 °„ Algole Yellow R paste 10 % Algole Brilliant Orange F R paste 10 »„ Algole Orange R paste 15 \ Algole Red 5G paste 15 \ Algole Scarlet paste 2,5 »'„ Algole Pink R paste l,25''/o Algole Pink TR paste 10 \ Algole Brilliant Red 2 B paste 10 % Algole Red F F extra paste 10 % Algole Red R extra paste 10 % Algole Red B paste '5 % Algole Bordeaux 3B paste 10 % Algole Corinlh R paste 10 »„ Algole Brillant Violet 2 B paste 10"„ Algole Brilliant 174 I Violet R paste 10",, Algole Violet B 15»'„ Algole Blue 3R paste 15»„ Algole Blue K paste lO'V Brome Indigo FB paste \0\ Alizarine Indigo G paste ICo Algole Blue C F paste 10% Algole Blue 3G paste 15"o Algole Green B 15% Leucole Dark Green B paste IS-) 10°',, Algole Olive R paste 15"o Algole Brown G paste I5°'„ Algole Brown R paste 10""„ Algole Grey B paste 10",, Algole Grey 2 B paste 60% Algole Black C 1. paste 60% Algole Black R O paste 48 Combination Shades on Glanzstoff. 0.5 % Algole Bordeaux 0,08% Algole Brilliant Violet R 209 1 % Algole Red 50 0,3 % Algole Red R extra 15 % Algole Brilliant Orange F R 4 »/„ Algole Brilliant Red 2B 22 % Algole Red 50 21' 5 \ Algole Red R extra 10 % Algole Red R extra 10 % Algole Bordeaux 3 % Algole Yellow R 2 \ Algole Blue K 8 % Algole Yellow R 4 % Algole Blue K 2,5 25 °'„ Algole Yellow R 5 % Algole Blue K 4 X Algole Olive R 1.5 % Algole Yellow R 0,8 % Algole Brilliant Violet 2 B 0,4 % Algole Blue K 1,5 % Algole Blue 3R 218 1,5 X Algole Brilliant Violet R 10 % Algole Blue K 3 »/o Algole Yellow R 2 X Algole Yellow R 2 X Algole Brown R 22, * °'o Algole Yellow R 2 "o Algole Corinth R 15 •, Algole Olive R 222 3 X Algole Yellow R 2 X Algole Brown R 223 ''5 % Algole Qrey B 0,1 % Algole Yellow R 4 X Algole Grey B ^^-l 0,25% Algole Bordeau.x 7,5 % Algole Grey 2 B 0,5 % Algole Orange R 2 % Algole Grey 28 226 3 X Algole Olive R 1 % Algole Grey B 227 1 X Algole Orange R 0,75% Algole Yellow R 18 % Algole Brown R 228 10 % Algole Olive R 9 % Algole Yellow R 18 % Algole Brown R 11 % Algole Olive R 8 % Algole Orange R 3 % Algole Corinth R 2,5 % Algole Blue K 0,75 % Algole Yellow R 10 X Algole Blue K 7 % Algole Blue 3 R 3B % Algole Bordeau % Algole Blue K X Algole Bordeaux 3B % Algole Grey 2 B % Algole Yellow R 5 % Algole Blue K 5 % Algole Yellow R 12 % Algole Brown R 237 20 X Algole Yellow R 7 •;, Algole Blue 3R The quantities of colour given teler to the paste lo 49 Patterns from the Trade. A. Dyeings. Blousings & Shirtings. Algole Brilliant Violet R ( Algole Brilliant Red 2 B I Algole Brilliant Orange FR Yellow: Algole Yellow 3 Violet: Algole Violet B, Algole Brilliant Violet 2B Blousings & Dress Material. Green : Algole Yellow R, Algole Blue K Blue: Algole Blue K Black : Algole Black R O Red: Algole Red R extra, Algole Brilliant Orange FR Green: Algole Yellow R, Algole Blue K Blue: Alizarine Indigo G Yellow: Algole Grey B, Algole Orange R, Algole Yellow R Corinth : Algole Corinth R Grey: Algole Grey B, Algole Blue K 52 Blousings & Shirtings. Ground ; Algole Grey B, Algolc Orange R, Algole Yellow R Green: Algole Green B Blue: Algole Blue 3R Brown : Algole Brown R, Algole Olive R, Algole Yellow R Ground: Algole Grey B, Algole Orange R, Algole Yellow R Blue: Algole Blue K Brown : Algole Brown R, Algole Olive R, Algole Yellow R Green: Algolc Blue K, Algole Yellow R Blousings & Dress Material. Brome Indigo h" B ( Algole Red B I Algolc Red 5 G Algole Blue K Algole Red R extra Algole Orange R 54 Blousings & Dress Material. Red: Algole Red R extra, Algole Brilliant Orange FK Blue : Algole Blue 3 G Black: Algole Black RO Algole Brown R Algole Olive R Algole Yellow R 15 Olive: Black: Algole Yellow R, Algole Orange K, Algole Olive K Algole Black RO 55 Half-woollen Blousings & Dress Material. 4 Green : Algole Green B Red: Algole Red B Yellow: Algole Yellow R Violet: Algole Violet B, Algole Brilliant Red 2B Black: Algole Black RO Algole Grey 2 B 56 Shirtings. 19 Algole Yellow R Algole Orange R 20 ( Algole Red B I Algole Orange R Algole Blue K 57 Austrian Army Tent Cloth (Dyed in the Yarn). m 22 f 1 f Algole Brown G I Algole Olive R Table-cloths. 23 Algole Yellow R ( Algole Brillinnt Red 2 B I Algole Brilliant Orange F R 59 Furniture Cloth. 25 1 _u ^ Silver Grey: Algole Olive R, Algole Grey 2B Reseda: Algole Grey 2 B, Algole Yellow R Brown : Algole Brown R, Algole Yellow R, Algole Olive R 60 Tapestry. ■■^^^^-■^--^-~ -^1 ® Green: Algole Yellow R, Algole Blue K Brown : Algole Brown R, Algole Olive R, Algole Yellow R Awnings. 27 Algole Green B ^V1S? 28 ?BSS5Sg<^ ( Algole Red R extra I Algole Brilliant Orange FR Washable Trimmings. 29 Orange : Violet: Algole Brilliant Orange F R Algole Brilliant Violet 2B 30 S^ l£jk & ^ ^ w f Algole Brilliant Red 2 B I Algole Brilliant Orange FR Blue: Algole Blue 3 R, Algole Grey J Red: Algole Red FF extra Green : Algole Yellow R, Algole Blue K 63 Turkish Towelling. ''V -^^Jfi^^^/^ ^.i%>f^*:^fr.4M5Mr/:-,4^ ^ :^HHH l^.:':;-- ••■.:::, _::-.. .3^ ^L A , ■ - - T 4 .■■■■:::-.-:'-^ ■:.•:■••' < ♦ > > 4^ •r- • '' ' ■ ^ " ^ ^^' ■ ■ ~ . -. r - TF « y- Algoie Yellow R Algole Pink T R 64 Algole Effects (Viscose Silk) fast to Cross-dyeing. Blousings. 36! Algole Red B Algolc Blue 3 R 37 Algole Red B 38 ( Algole Red B < Algole Blue 3R Dress Material. 39 Algolt Red B ) Algolc Red B I. Algole Orange R Algole Blue 3G I Algole Orange R ) Algole Red 1'. I Algole Blue 3 R 67 Dress Material. 45 Algole Olive R ( Algole Olive R I Algole Corinth R 47 Algole Brilliant Orange FR Algole Olive R ( Algole Green B I Algole Olive R 48 / Algole Red B I Algole Orange R Corduroy & Velveteen. I Algole Brilli;int Violet R I Algole Corintli R B. Prints. Prints produced according to tlie Rongalitc Steam Process. (For Recipe, see Pages 33 & 34.) Brown: Algole Brilliant Red 2B paste Blue: Algole Blue CF paste Algole Brilliant Orange F R paste Leucole Dark Green B paste Dark Shade: Leucole Dark Green B paste. Light Shade: Alizarine Indigo paste Alizarine Indigo 3 R paste Algole Yellow R paste Navy Blue : Alizarine Indigo 5 R paste Stripes : Algole Brown R paste Alizarine Indigo Qiey B paste Alizarine Indigo paste Algole Yellow R paste Prints produced according to tlic Rongalite Steam I^rocess. (For Recipe, see Pages 33 & 34.) 54 / / Pink: Algole Red B paste Black: Alizarine Indigo Grey B paste Algole Pink R paste Algole Brilliant Orange F R paste Algole Red F F extra paste Blue: Alizarine Indigo 3R paste Brown: Algole Brown R paste Algole Brilliant Orange FR paste Algole Brilliant Violet R paste Orange : Algole Brilliant Orange F R paste Blue : Alizarine Indigo G paste 72 F'rints produced according to the Rongalite Steam IVoccss. (For Recipe, see Pages 33 & 31.) Liylit Sliade: Algole Brilliant Violet 2B paste Dark Shade; Algole Brilliant Violet 2B paste Brown: Algole Brown R paste Blue: Alizarine Indigo G paste Algole Blue C F paste Brome Indigo F B P paste 59 Green: Algole Blue CF paste Black: Leucole Dark Green B paste Algole Yellow 30L paste Algole Brilliant Violet 2B paste Algole Brilliant Red 2 B paste Prints produced according to the Rongalite Steam Process. (For Recipe, see Pages 33 & 34.) 60 Violet: Algole Brilliant Violet R paste Grey: Alizarine Indigo Grey B paste Algole Red FF extra paste /' ""/ "/. "/ "/. v. /. / . /' "/. "/ "/. "/. "/.. ■■/ •■/.. /' / '/.. '/ '/.. '/".. /.. ■/■ • /" /" /" /" /" / / Violet: Algole Brilliant Violet R paste Green: Algole Yellow 3GL paste Algole Red F F extra paste Alizarine Indigo Q paste 62 Algole Brilliant Red 2B paste Algole Pink R paste Algole Scarlet G paste I'riiits produced according to the Roiigalitc Steam Process. (For Recipe, see Page 35.) 63 Algole Brown R paste Algole Brown R paste shaded with Blue 65 Algole Brown R paste shaded with Blue 75 Prints produced according to the Rongalite Steam Process. (For Recipe, see Pages 33 & 34 ) Lighit Shade: Algole Red B paste Dark Shade: Algole Red 2G paste Algole Red 2G paste Algole Pink R paste Violet: Algole Brilliant Violet K |)aste Black: Algole Brown R paste Algole Red B paste Algole Red FF extra paste Alizarine Indigo 7 R paste Algole Pink R paste 76 Prints produced according to the Rcng.ilitc Steam Process. (For Recipe, sec Pages 33 & 34.) Dark Shade : Alizarine Indigo 7 R paste Light Shade : AHzarine Indigo 7 R paste Dark Shade: Alizarine Indigo 7R paste Light Shade: Alizarine Indigo 7R paste aa OD oa QD aa OD Da aa nn Dark Shade : Alizarine Indigo 5 R paste Light Shade : Alizarine Indigo 5 R paste 77 Prints produced according to tlie Rongalite Steam Process. (For Recipe, see Pages 33 & 37.) 72 Light Shade: Ahzarine Indigo 7R paste Dark Shade: Alizarine Indigo 7R paste Alizarine Indigo 5R paste 73 c o Q^ Light Shade : Alizarine Indigo 5 R paste Dark Shade : Alizarine Indigo 5 R paste 74 Alizarine Indigo 3 R paste 78 Prints produced according to the Rongalite Steam Process. (For Recipe, see Pages 33 & 31.) r L=l.t=» // ua 75 // ta?3 / / // / / Alizarine Indigo 3 R paste 76 77 Alizarine Indigo 3 R paste ^ight Blue : Alizarine Indigo (^j paste Dark Blue : Alizarine Indigo G paste Aigole Brilliant Violet R paste Algole Brilliant Violet R paste 79 Prints produced according to the Rongalite Steam Process. (For Recipe, see Pages 37 & 33.) 78 Dark Shade : Alizarine Indigo G paste Alizarine Indigo 5 R paste Light Shade: Alizarine Indigo G paste Alizarine Indigo 5 R paste 79 Brome Indigo F B P paste 80 ) V> ^v .® Brome Indigo F B P paste 80 Prints produced according to tlie Rongalitc Steam Process on a Naplitol Prepare. (For Recipe, sec Page 34.) Naphtol Prepare Red : Para Red Blue : Alizarine Indigo 7 R paste Alizarine Indigo G paste Naphtol Prepare Red: Para Red Violet: Algole Brilliant Violet 2B paste Algole Red F F extra paste Naphtol Prepare Red: Para Red Blue: Alizarine Indigo 7R paste Discliarijc Prints on Pnra Colours or Resists under Para Red produced accordiut; lo tin Rongalite Steam Process. (For Recipe, see Page 35.1 84 ^W' my ;0^Q 'oxc>oc;cxc>o{6)o{6)/< ^ooo(c>o<0>o<< )XO><0>o<0>o<0>o(o>oo<( ci CI C;oc:0>o<0>oo<0>o<0>ocOj?o^ Dyed with ; Para Fast Green B Pink : Algole Red 2 O paste . Blue : Alizarine Indigo G paste Para Olive O Algole Pink R paste Alizarine Indigo 7R paste Toluylene Yellow G (Parazole FB) %J /'^•\^ 85 ( ©>/oxo>(oXc'><' /©V0>o(o>o(oXoX Dyed with: Para Fast Green B Violet: Algole Brilliant Violet 2 8 paste Black: Alizarine Indigo Grey B paste Para I-ast Blue 6 B Algole Red F F extra paste Algole Brilliant Orange F R paste Para Fast Brown O R Algole Red F F extra paste (Parazole FB) / Prepare : Naphtol carbonic acid Dyed with : Para Red Resist : Alizarine Indigo 7 R paste Prints produced according to tlie Rongalite Steam Process. (For Recipe, see Pages 33 & 34.) Shades padded according to the Hydrosulphite Method. (For Recipe, see Page 40.) 87 Padded with: Algole Blue 3 paste Printed with: Brome Indigo FBP oaste Algole Blue 3R paste Padded with: Algole Blue 3G paste Printed with: Alizarine Indigo 3R paste Algole Blue 3 R paste Algole Yellow 3 G L paste Algole Yellow R paste Padded with: Algole Grey B paste Black: Aniline Black 83 Prints produced nccording to the RongHlite Steam Process. (For Recipe, see Pages 33 & 34.) Shades padded according to the Hydrosulphite Metliod. (For Recipe, see Page 40.) / / / / / / / / / m / / m / m / / / / m / / / / ■ ■ / / 90 j 1 / m / / m / / / / m / / m / / / • / m • / m / m / m / m / m ' / Padded with: Algole Brilliant Red 2B paste Printed with: Algole Brilliant Red 2B paste Algole Pink R paste Algole Scarlet G paste 91 • / /. / / • / • m / • / / / / / / . / V V / / / • * • * ■ / / / / / ' / ' / Padded with: Algole Brilliant Violet 2B paste Printed with: Algole Brilliant Violet 2B paste Algole Corinth R paste Algole Red F F extra paste 92 Padded with: Algole (.keen B p.iaii. Algole Olive R paste icd \\\\.\\ . Ltuculc Dark Green B paste 84 Prints produced according to the Rongalite Steam Process. (For Recipe, see Pages 33 & 34.) Shades padded according to the Hydrosulphitc method. (For Recipe, see Page 40.) 93 Padded with : Algole Brown R paste Printed with : Algole Brown R paste Algole Yellow R paste Algole Brilliant Orange F R paste Algole Olive R paste Algole Brilliant Violet R paste Padded with: Algole Blue CF paste Printed with: Alizarine Indigo B paste Algole Blue 3 Q paste Padded with: Algole Blue (^ 1'^ paste Printed with: Alizarine Indigo Ij paste Algole Blue 3 G paste 85 \v Shades padded according to the Hydrosiilphite Method. (For Recipe, see Page 40.) Padded with : Algole Blue C F paste Printed with : Alizarine Indigo B paste Algole Blue 3 G paste 97 Padded with : Algole Yellow R paste Printed with : Alizarine Red R A G P paste Algole Orange R paste Alizarine Yellow R paste ^Igole Grey B paste Gallo Fast Black powder Padded with: Algole Ullow K pasle Algole Orange K paste Algole Grey B paste I'rinted with: Para Red 86 Prints produced accoidiiig to the Tin Cryst. — Copperas Method. (For Recipe, see Pages 38 & 39.) Dark Shade : Algole Red 2 G paste Algole Red FF extra paste Algole Red B paste Light Shade: Algole Red B paste Dark Shade : Algole Brown R paste Light Shade : Algole Brown R paste Algole Brilliant Orange F R paste Algole Brilliant Violet 2 B paste Algole Red 2 G paste Algole Yellow R paste Dark Shade: Leucole Dark Green B paste Algole Yellow 3 G L paste Algole Blue 3 Q paste Light Shade : Leucole Dark Green B paste Algole Yellow 3 G 1, paste Algole Blue 3 G paste Prints produced according to the Tin Cryst. — Copperas Mctliod. (For Recipe, sec Pages 38 & 39.) Violet: Algole Brilliant Violet R paste Grey: Algole Grey B paste Algole Red B paste 103 Dark Shade: Algole Brilliant Violet 2B paste Light Shade: Algole Brilliant Violet R paste Algole Red FF extra paste 104 Orange: Algole Yellow R paste Blue: Algole Blue CF paste Algole Brilliant Orange F R paste Prints produced according to tlie Tin Cryst. — Copperas Metliod. (For Recipe, see Pages 38 & 39.) Dark Stiade: Algole Brilliant Violet R paste Light Shade: Algole Brilliant Violet 2B paste Dark Shade: Leucole Dark Green B paste Light Shade: Algole Green B paste Algole Yellow 3 G L paste Algole Olive R paste Algole Blue 3 G paste Dark Shade: Algole Brown R paste Light Shade: Algole Brown R paste Algole Olive R paste 89 I'rints produced according to the Tin Cryst. — Copperas Metliod. (For Recipe, see Pages 38 & 39.) Sliadcs padded according to the Tin Cryst. — Copperas Method. (For Recipe, see Page 41.) Padded with: Algole Bhie 3G paste Algole Blue 3 R paste Printed vvitli ; Algole Blue 3 K paste Algole Blue 3 G paste Lcucole Dark Green B paste Padded with: Algole Brilliant Violet R paste Algole Olive R paste Algole Violet R paste Algole Brilliant Violet 2 B paste Algole Brilliant Violet R paste Algole Red F F extra paste 90 D. H. HILL LIBRARY North Carolina State College Without guarantee. — -■'■If . w '4 i