(HI}? i. 1. Bill aithrara 5Jiirlb (Harolina ^tatp CEnUpQF QJC495 A85J6 This book is due on the date indicated below and is subject to a fine of FIVE CENTS a day thereafter. iiL.^.^mo REVISION of NORTH-AMERICAN SPECIES of ASTRAGALUS by ^ Marcus E. Jones A. M. Salt Lake City, Utah Text distributed Feb. 15 1923 Plates, June 20 1923. PREFACE. In presenting this monograph of the most difficult genus of North American plants I have no excuse to offer, though many could be made. I know its shortcomings better than anyone else can know. There are Mexican species and a few others cf which 1 would like to know more, but to wait ti'l we know all about all species would mean never publishing at all. I have tried to study every species in the field to get my knowledge first hand. I have used every means possible to get and keep fresh material for study. For the most part four per cent formaline has been the killrr and preservative of section material as it causes the least shrinkage and distortion cf tissue, but it is impossible to preserve any material in anything that will not cause STme shrinkn^e. The celloidin method of infiltration and imbedding has proven the method of most service. Some tissues have been st'Mned but for the most part sections have been left unstained and drawn from just as they are in order to get all detaVs. The method of drawing sections has been to mount sections and to project the images on the paper through a camera vv'^hich magnifies them three times and to trace the image on the drawing paper with a pencil and when all details are co r))]pte to retrace them in ink. Most of the pods, leaves and flowers were drawn by the use of proportional dividers, a few were drawn towards the last by the camera method. I had done a considerable amount of work on the genus previous to 1894, but the puh'ication of the abortive list of Sheldon in 1894 convinced me that no one but a fieVl •^^otanist could ever monograph the genus right, and for that reason T notified the young man that whatever work he did on the genus would not deter me from finally nionograi)hing it. In getting my material and observations I have traversed the rontinent twice east and west and examined nearly all types in this country, and have gone from Central Mexico to the British line several times and have collected a large amount of material, in the twenty-five years that this monograi)h has been in i)reparation. I am indebted to nearly every North American Botanist for speci- mens lo;ined or notes taken. Those to whom I am most indebted nre the Brandegses for the loan of all their material and for many notes and s-'eeimens through the years past. Miss Alice Eastwood Joaned me ill the material of the California Academy of Science before it was burned. Prof. Trelease loaned me all the Missouri Botanic Garden Astragali. 1 have gone over all the material of the Gray Herbarium and photographed all the types through the kindness of Dr. Robinson. I examined the types of the Philadelphia Academv of Science by permission of Thomas Meehan; of Columbia College through Prof. Underwood. While at Washington I worked up all the material of the National Herbarium, and since then have received much material from Dr. Rose and Mr. Maxon. I have been in constant correspondence with Mr. S. B. Parish through the years and have re- ceived critical material from him. The same is true of W. C. Cusick. To Prof. Beattie 1 am indebted for an investigation of the Washing- ion material. To Prof. Hall of the University of California for their material, to F. H. Hillman for Nevada material, to the Agricultural College of Montana and the State University collections, to A. Nelson for a few. specimens of Wyo'ning Astragali, to Mr. Osterhout of Colo- rado for material, to Mr. Ruth of Texas, to the University of Colorado for material, to Prof. Thornber of the University of Arizona, to Prof. Wooton of New Mexico, to Mrs. R. M.Austin and Mrs. Clemen? for all her material, and to many others I am indebted. My fi'ieno I. E. Diehl has gone over much of the MS. and checked it up witl herbarium material catching up occasional slips. The drawing^ are the work of Miss Clara Brooks for the most part. A few have beet made by my daughter Mildred and a few by myself, particularly cross sections of fresh material. All drawings are natural size unless otherwise stated. Most of the cross sections of fresh material were preserved in formaline infiltrated with celloidin and stained on the slide with picro-carmlne, dehydrated with various alcohols and xylol and mounted in Canada halsam. TERMS USED ■ - ASTRAGALUS. The flowers consist of bannei '.vhicti is the upper petal; wings (the two side petals), and keel wliicli is the inner petal and is com- posed of two petals united along the lower edge. The banner Is almost always grooved up the middle which is called the groove or sulcus. The middle of the banner usually has a white spot which is variously shaped and veined. The claws of the petals are those parts inclosec) in the calyx and differ from the expanded parts called the blades. Whei not otherwise stated the claw is not included in measurements of tht length of the petals but is included in the length of the flowers. The wings are always narrow and for the most part are concave or convex to the keel and rarely united to its base, the tips mostly are longer than the keel and one or both either flaring or hooked over the end, some times one flares and the other is bent over the keel, sometimes they are twisted from a vertical to a horizontal position at the end of keel and then resemble wings, they are mostly entire, but sometimes notch- ed below the middle or rarely cleft or lobed in the forms approaching Oxytropis. The keel tip is mostly triangular and inclined to boat- shaped or lunate (moon-shaped), sometimes produced sharply on the upper end, but not in the middle of the end which is a character of Oxytropis. The calyx varies from tapering at base to trancate or very oblique and even with a knob on the upper corner, sometime? fleshy-thickened at tip of pedicel, the uppe-side is often deeper cleft than the lower. The pods are formed of two valves united by their rdges called sutures, the upper edge is the ventral (the one that bears the seed) and is sometimes inverted by the twisting of the pedicel, the lower is the dorsal and is mostly a mere line. The lowest developed forms like A. campestris have the simple vetch-like pods with both sutures mere ribs or lines, others have the ventral suture variously thickened and often raised like a keel, it is seldom depressed except in some Inflati where it is both depressed and even produced somewhat as a partition from which the seeds hang. When the pod is grooved at all it is mostly plcng the dorsal suture which is variously impressed forming a fold, in some forms this fold extends to the ventral suture simply as a fold, at other times its sides are united to form a partition which rarely is completely united to the ventral suture and making the pod wholly 2-celled, very rarely does it lose its identity as a union of the two sides of the fold; when the pod is grooved it is called sulcate. It is called inflated when the cavity is larger than the mature seeds. When the pod has a stalk on which it is raised partly or wholly out of the calyx this is called the stipe. The cross-section of the pod as to shape is supposed to rest on the dorsal as its base. The seeds of the Astragali differ but little and are reni- form and attached along the ventral suture, generally attached alon& file middle of the pod and not from base to tip. 4 MORPHOLOGY. The flowers of Astragalus are papilionaceous; the calyx tubular: the stamens united below; and the petals five and clawed. The up- per petal is the banner with a conspicuously expanded blade creased in the middle lengthwise, generally with a white spot in the middle, and with sides and tip variously reflexed, or tip often hooded and al- ways notched. The two lateral petals are the wings and are nearly always very oblique and mostly narrow, eared at base of blade where they are inset in corresponding depressions in the keel blades. The wing blades are parallel with the keel and one or the other or both flare at tip, and are generally a little longer than the keel and shorter than the banner, frequently the tips are incurved over the keel tip, the sides are flat, convex, or concave to the keel. The tip always has a rudimentary or more evident notch near the middle of the end. This notch rarely extends deep enough to make lobes as in Oxytropis, and only in A. calycosus is there a long hair-like tongue extending from the notch as a third lobe. The two lower petals are in their blades united along the lower edge forming a boat-shaped keel which inclose the stamens. This is variously pointed and colored but rare- ly is extended into a beak. The fruit is a normally single-celled pod. formed by a single carpel leaf joined by the edges, the seeds being borne on the tips of the carpel veins. The ventral suture corresponds to the junction line of the edges of the leaf, the dorsal suture to the midrib of the leaf. The ventral edges are 'oosely united and always separate at maturity. As a rule the seed-bearing line is thickened, and only in the Homalobi is it thin and nerve-like. The thicker is the wall of the pod the thicker is the suture, becoming sometimes 2 mm. thick. In the Inflati it is produced inwards as a thin wing along the middle, and in other groups is often a thickened ridge within and often raised and thickened or wnnged without. In addition the pod is mostly variously grooved or silicate along one or both sutures. The dorsal suture rarely splits at maturity, but in the Homalobi the pod mostly falls off into two curling valves. In A. lonchocarpus the pod at last flattens into a perfect leaf. In the Podo-sclerocarpi the pod tends to split at both sutures at the base. In the Sar- cocarpi and Argophylli the ventral suture opens a very little, often not enough for the seeds to fall out and the pod becomes long after maturity, as in the Inflati a papery ball blown far by the wind. There are all degrees of differentiation in the dorsal suture from a mere line in the Inflati and simpler forms to a dorsal groove without thickening, to a raised line or thin wing as in the Alpini without being double, then passing into a simple double fold in the wall with or without united sides, and then into a special partition complete or nearly so which is clearly double on dissection as is seen so well in the Sarcocarpi, and A. lentiglnosus. On the character of the pods and flowers hang most of the species, combined with vegetative characters, many species much alike in pods differ in foliage and habit. PUBESCENCE. The pubescence of Astragalus is almost always present as straight, short and appressed hairs, round in cross section, and tapering to tip. That on the calyx is normally longer and looser than on the leaves. The banner is rarely a little hairy at tip. Astragalus inflexus, Utahensis, funereus and coccineus and forms of Purshii have very delicate kinked hairs variously matted. The Mollissimi usually have matted hairs on the pods, but those on the leaves though very dense are rarely matted. Among the Argophylli the pubescence is mostly dense and straight. In A. amphioxys the hairs are flat, echinate, tapering toward both ends and fixed at or near the middle. This is also true of A\. calyco- sus, the Uliginosi, nitidus. Very rarely do the hairs have a pustu- late base. In A. lentiginosus the pubescence is very variable. One variety has flat and very short broad hairs closely appressed and fixed by the base. Other varieties have the pubescence almost woolly as in Fre- mont!, nigricalycis, etc. A. macrodon has much the same pubescence. The same is true in the hot climate Inflati along the Coast of California, some species have woolly pubescence, others silvery but not woolly. No species have lepidote or stellate hairs. There is a complete transition in the hairs from normal to pick-shaped. About the only valuable character distinguishing A. Shortianus from A. amphioxys is the pubescence which in the former is of slender hairs fixed by the base, and in the other flat hairs fixed by the middle and wide and echi- nate, but this varies in the species from a flat hair with a mere knob on one side at the base to one fixed by the middle. There is very little special development of hair as root pro- tection except in A. triphyllus, sericoleucus, simplicifolius, Gilensis, and in these there is more development of stipules. ASTRAGALUS. Tourn. in L. Gen. 215 (1837). Sp. PL 755. (1753). Cystium Stev., Hamosa Medic, Homalobus Nutt., Hypoglottis Fourr., Onix Spiesia and Aragallus Necker never had any species described with them till the recognized genera were published with species. Astragalus was first published by Tournefort without species, then by Limueus in his Genera, Phaca pre- ceeding it and having its first publication in the Genera as an equivalent of Astragaloides Tournefort. Linnffius recognizing Tournefort as the author of Astragalus. The same order of genera Avas retained in the Species Plantarum, Linnffius re- garding both genera as having been previously published. The botanical world is therefore justified in retaining Astragalus on the merging of Phaca with it. Calyx 5-toothcd. Petals with claws, 5, tlie upper the ban- ner and broader than the rest and mostly arcuate and with re- flexed sides, the center occupied by a deep groove or sulcus running lengthwise, at or near the center when the banner is colored is a variable white spot, the tip mostly notched. On each side, a little below the banner, are the two wings which are narrowly eared below and more or less adhering to the keel and variably oblique, entire or only notched, mostly longer than the keel and shorter than the bainier. The keel is formed by the two lower petals adhering by their lower edges to the tip like the keel of a boat in general appearance and very oblique, and inclosing the stamens and pistil. Stamen 10, diadelphous, 9 and 1. Pistil simple and mostly 1-celled. Stigma terminal, minute. Fruit a pod seed-bearing along the upper suture. Seeds on slender stalks, reniform. Texture of pods from fleshy to papery, the cavity generally larger than the seeds. Herbs or rarely a little shrubby below. Leaves with odd-pinate leaflets (reduced to the simple leaf-like rachis in A. simpli- cifolius, and to a single, large, leathery, jointed leaflet in A. Asclepiadoides). Distinguished from Oxytropis by the kee\ tip not being abruptly turned out in a sharp beak or when this is true then the wings are not greatly lobed as in Oxytropis. Distinguished from Crotalaria by the diadelphous stamens and flowers never truly yellow. 8 A genus of about 1500 species growing in all the life zones. It contains a toxic alkaloid or glucoside which causes derangement of the brain functions and affecting the motor nerves when fresh. The early species like A. mollissimus, lentiginosus and others, which come out before the grass is grown enough to eat, often poison horses. Sheep are sometimes killed by Canadensis in summer in the same way when other forage is eaten out so that they have to feed on this, but no stock naturally eat any species of Astragalus. SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION. Many attempts have been made to segregate the genus into sub- genera, but all efforts have been abortitve for the reason that the spcies are too closely related to make any such arrangement satisfact- ory. The attempt to segregate the species into several genera has been still more abortive. Oxytropis can be kept out on tho flimsiest of characters only. DeCANDOLLE'S REVISION. DeCandoUe in the Prodromus pp. 281-307 attempts to arrarge the World's species under four gen'-ial classes according to the color of the flowers and the presence cf spines. His first class is the Purpu:- ascentes with free stipules and purple flowers. His sub-groups uiider this are the Hypoglottidei with 23 species, the Dissitlflori with 41 species Onybrychoidei with 35 species. Sesame! with S Pi^ecics, VesicarIi with 4 species, Annulares with 10 species. His second class is tha OchroleucI with free stipules and cream- colored flowers. His sub-groups are Bucerates with 11 species, Syn- ochreati with 10 species, Ciceroidei with 20 species, Galegiformes with 4 species Alopecurcldei with S species, Christiani with r. species His third class is the Tragacanthncei with adnate stipules and .!.S species ard the Chroncpodii with 2 spceies. His fourth class is the Podochreati with adnate stipules, and spinescent or persistent petioles. This contains the Tragacanthae witli petioles not indurate nor spinescent. This contains the Anthophylloidei with 14 species, the Caprini with 22 species, the Incani with 12 species and the Radiclflori with 11 species. we are not concerned with his last two classes as none of the species are North American. His Ochroleuci contains the Galegiformes with our A. racemosus and is characterized by the free stipules, cream-colored flowers and. stipitate pods. This class also contains the Ciceroidei with our A. strigulosus, glaber and Canadensis. Its character is free stipules, po- duncled spikes, cream-colored flowers, perennials, sessile pods. Now A. strigulosus has stipitate p'ds and often purple flowers and with intruded septum. A. Canadensis has 2-celled pods fleshy and with peculiar flowers. A. glaber has 1-celled pods and long and distant racemes. The plants are not at all related. His Synochreati contains A. reptans which is related to A. strigulosus and has connate stipules and light-colored flowers and papery pods. His Bucerates contains no North American species, but A. hamosus is like many of our Hamosi. The group character is curved pods, free stipules, cream-colored flowers, and annual plants, but our flowers are as often purple as not, stipules often united, and roots often perennial. His Purpurascentes Class has A. Nuttallianus in the Annulares and its character is annual roots, free stipules curved pods, variable flowers but supposed to be purple. The pods of Nuttallianus are often almost straight but the general characters of its group are not given His Vesicarii contains no North American species. The chief character is inflated calyx. Our A. oocalycis could be placed there. His Sesamei contains no North American species. His Onobrychoidei contains such wholly diverse species as A. caryocarpus (crassicarpus), Miss- ouriensis, Labradoricus, adsurgens (nitidus), which belong to at least three distinct groups. His Dissitiflori contains only A. gracilis. His Hypoglottidei contains A. bidentatus and Hypoglottis (agrestis) which species are not at all related. From this it is evident that no conception of North American relationship in the genus was in the mind of DeCandolle. Phaca was kept up by him to contain such diverse species as A. alpinus, triflorus, villosus, caespitosus, mollis, the Inflati, andinus, etc. The only other serious attempt at classification worthy of mention is that of Torrey and Gray in their Flora of North America, but they only copied DeCandolle. Hooker in his Flora did the same. GRAY'S REVISION. Dr. Asa Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 6 1864 made the first real attempt at proper classification of the genus as to North America. Tn 1871 Watson, profiting by a year's field work in the West, ampli- fied it somewhat and corrected some details but for the most part followed Gray. This was also the first attempt to group the species n-enetically starting according to Gray's universal rule from the most developed and going to the least altered species. Gray's system was bised on the fundamental idea of one and two-celled pods as separating the two ser'es Astragalus proper anrl Phaca. Astrrr^lns was the more developed because of being 2-celled and was based on the greater intrusion of the dorsal suture if the nods were not fully 2-celled. Phaca was unfortunately based on the s itures being not at all intruded or the ventral the more produced, ■'^ad he made three series, one to co-^ + '^in Astragalus proper, the other Phaca as defined by Linnaeus in his -^recies of the Sp. PI. and rep- r-^sented by A. alpinus (Phaca alpina) to contain those with the ventral sut'ire the most intruded, and the third series which we may call Homalobus with nerve-like sutures not at all intruded he wouM have had a set of series which could not be improved upon, but I do not think anything is gained by attempting to separate the genus into three series. Under Astragalus proper we find him making 16 sections. His supposedly most developed species were the Sarcocarpi because of the fleshy and fully 2-celled pods. His emphases of the 2-celled feature prevented him from seeing that this group is manifestly close to the Argophylli which he puts last in his series and some of whose species he put in Phaca (A. inflexus. Purshii and Utahensis'). In addition this group is not as highly developed as the Didymocarpi and Micranthi which he places below it. TTis next groun is the Diphysi containing A. lentiginosus which is far removed from the rest of the Inflati to which it is related but which nevertheless connects the Inflati with the Sarcocarpi. His third group is the Chaetodontes containing Spaldingii and Lyallii but he seems to have failed to have recognized its close re- lationship to the Didymocarpi, Micranthi and Reflexi which are the most developed groups in the genus. To this we now add A. Brauntoni. His fourth section is the Mollissimi which is wholly out of place, being next to 'be Argophylli. His fifth section is the Uliginosi, the Ciceroidei of DeCandolle. a well defined group containing A. Canadensis and Mortoni, and should 10 have had also A. Oreganus, terraiiialis, and A. Cooperi (neglectus) which later he curiously places in Phaca. The allied species A. arrectus, conjunctus, etc. had not then been discovered. This group is evidently allied to the Sarcocarpi. His sixth section is Onobrychoides, the Onobrychoidei of DeCan- dolle. It contains A. adsurgens (nitidus) and Hypoglottis (agrestis) two very distinct and little related species but which are closer to- gether than to any other group, and which are probably nearer to the Chaetodontes. His seventh section should have been his first, the Reflexi and should not have been separated from the Didymocarpi to which its single species A. reflexus belongs along with A. Brazoensis. The eighth section is the Didymocarpi, and ninth the IVIicranthi showing that Gray had probably worked out the relationship of these plants. The tenth section (and following sections) takes up another wholly different set of species, of lower development for the most part. Section eleven is the Succumbentes, with the one species A. sue cumbens, a class by itself. This may have some relationship with the Galegiformes which he places next but I think is much nearer the Malaci. Next comes the Galegiformes two species which seem so radically distinct and yet cannot be separated or placed raiywhere else to better advantage, A. Drummondii and racemosus. To this we now add A. scopulorum. This group is well placed next to the Ocreati, b.it Gray should have placed it in Phaca. The Galegiformes contniiis also A. cyrtoides (A. Gibbsii), Gray guessing from the flowers that it might belong here, but the guess was a poor one as it belongs elsewhere. The Ocreati, section eleven, contains three very diverse species. A. flavus is wholly 1-celled, as are the other species we now add to it. So is A. humistratus which belongs elsewhere. The other species A. Oreganus belongs with A. Canadensis. This group is very closely allied to the Bisulcati which Gray places rightly in the Phaca series. This group should also have contained A. gracilis and microlobas which he puts in section 13 and calls the Microlobi. The next section the Oroboidei is a hodge-podge of species, a catchall, and shows haste and little study. The first group in this section containing A. aboriginum, Robbinsii, oroboides (elegans) and alpinus (andinus) belongs to his Inflati under Phaca and forms a part of my Alpini, but Gray had to put them here because of the intrusion of the dorsal suture, which however is rot as great as that of the ventral. A. tener he also places here, hvt it belongs among the Lep- tocarpi. In another group in this section he puts A. Lindheimeri and distortus which belong with the Leptocarpi and Hamosi in si)ite of the septum of distortus being slight. He places here A. obcordatus which belongs with A. sparsiflorus, and A. glaber which belongs with the group Hamosi. The next class the fifteenth is the Lotiflori containing lotiflorus and villosus, two quite diverse species which have some similarity in flowers only. I think A. villosus is nearer the Sparsifiori to which I refer A. obcordatus and distortus, while A. lotiflorus which is both an Astragalus and Phaca according to the intrusion or absence of intrusion of dorsal suture belongs in a group with A. circumdatus, procumbens (accumbens) and Mohavensis, species not known then. Both these groups are related to the Inflati. Doubtless Gray placed these two species together because they could not be placed elsewhere and had a distant relationship. The last class of Astragalus proper, the sixteenth, is the Argo- phylli. This group Gray was also led to confuse by too much emphasis on the intrusion of the dorsal suture, and by too little knowledge of 11 the species. A. pubentissimus was an obscure plant in his day and remained so till I studied it in the field and collected abundant material of it many years later. We now know that it belongs with the Inflati, his Inflati, and not at all with the Argophylli. He also placed A. Arthu-Schottii here, but we now know that this is only a variety of A. lentiginosus and also belongs with the Inflati. The rest of his Argophylli form a well defined group which must be recognized but must be extended to contain some of his Phaca group, and whose relationship to his Argophylli he clearly saw as is shown by their position next to the Argophylli. The Argophylli then should contain not only the original species A. Missouriensis, ohortianus, Parryi and glareosus (erroneously supposed by Gray to be A. argophyllus) but also his Phaca species A. inflexus, the true glareosus, Purshii and Utahensis. Very close to this group, as we have stated before, is the Mollissimi, and various species discover- ed since Gray's time. Taking up series 2, PHACA, we find it subdivided into 11 groups. The first group the Eriocarpi does not belong in Phaca at all as I have stated, but belongs in Argophylli. The second group (Section 18) the Oocarpi contains A. Cooperi (neglectus) and oocarpus, two quite diverse species. The first be- longs with A. Canadensis as I have stated and is an Astragalus, and the second belongs in the Inflati. A. Preussii he places in the Scytocarpi and which group is next of kin to the Scytocarpi on the one hand and the Inflati on the other. The third group (section 19) is the Inflati, a well defined group but contains A. frigidus (alpinus) which as I have shown belongs in his Astragalus along with A. aboriginum- in a group which I have named the Alpini. The fourth group (Section 20) is the Lonchocarpi with one species A. lonchocarpus which is an Astragalus and not a Phaca, having the ventral suture not at ?11 produced and belongs next to the Galegiformes. His fifth group Section 21) is the Microcystei, all of whose species belong in the Inflati. The sixth group is the Bisulcati to which he refers A. Beck- withii and bisulcatus, two species not at all related. He might much better have referred A. Beckwithii to the Sclerocarpi which ?t resembles in many ways, but extensive field work has shown that it is closest related to A. oophorus Avhich belongs to the Inflati of Gray but connecting with the Preussii. A. bisulcatus is so closely related to the Ocreati that it hardly deserves a separate grouping. . His seventh (Section 23; group is the Pectinati containing A. pectinatus only, but which I think is better placed among the Podo- sclerocarpi. His eigth group is the Scytocarpi, another botanical catchall of no merit. Its species are nine. A. Preussii belongs with the Preussii, A. Chamaeleuce (pygmaeus) with the Argophylli as also does A. tephrodes. A. aridus belongs in his Inflati. A. Sonorae belongs with the Homalobi. A. gracilentus, Hallii, Fendleri, and flexuosus belong together in p group I have called the Flexuosi, and which ranks lowest in th° g'-nus along with the Homalobi. His ninth group (Section 25) is the Podo-scierocarpi containirT A. sclerocarpus and speirocarpus, which I think belong in separat-^ groups, A. sclerocarpus represents a well developed group of desert plants containing his Pectinati, Watson's Pterocarpi, and several other species. A. speirocarpus belongs with A. collinus and Gibbsii. Tweedyi, _ Alvordensis, and porrectus in a separate group which T have called the Collini and which is nearest related to the Flexuosi on the one hand and the Podo-sclerocarpi on the other. His tenth group (Section 2G) is the Homalobi which he pretty clearly defines, though I would place A. collinus in a separaie group. 12 As I have already stated I think the Homalobi should form the third Series. It is the lowest group in the genus and next of kin to Hosackia, Lathyrus and Vicia. His last group (Section 27) is the Triphylli, related to the Homalobi but higher than it, containing A. triphyllus and aer- icoleucus. I think it is an error to place the latter species with it for it belongs with the Homalobi along with A. simplicifolius. Gray makes a third Series containing A. nothoxys, an oxytro- pidoid form which I think belongs better with the Leptocarpi. He evidently had not as yet worked out the other oxytropidoid species A. Arizonicus and calycosus which I place among the Hamosi. WATSON'S REVISION. Thp next attempt at revising the genus is that of Watson in the Appendix of King's Report. His is an amplification of Gray's work as stated at its beginning. He corrects some of Gray's errors, and makes a few of his own, but in the main it is an admirable revision of this excellent work. It is easy enough to criticise the work of earlier botanists who had little or no field experience and scanty and poor materinl, but very few of us would have done as well. He puts A. Coulteri (Arthu-schottii) where it belongs, with the Diphysi (Inflati) and also puts A. platytropis with it where it does not belong. He keeps all of Gray's sections in Gray's order. He adds A. calycosus to the Chaetodontes, a natural error, bat it belongs far removed in the Hamosi accordin.2 to Gray's ordsr but in fact not so far removed in relationship. He puts A. Arizonicus with the LeiJtor-rpi where it does not belong but keeps them in the Micranthi. To this group he adds a subsection of "anomalous species" containing A. Andersoni, malacus, Bolanderi, arrectus, atratus. obscurus and tener, another hodge-podge. A. malacus belongs near the Argophylli, A. Andersoni with the Hamosi. A. Bclanderi and arrectus with the Reventi-arrecti, A. atratus and obscurus with the Atrati. A. tener with the Leptocarpi. He keeps A. humistratus among the Ocreati to which it is related but belongs better with the Homalobi. He keeps the Alpini and Sparsiflori together under Oroboidei and adds A. Breweri which belongs with the Didymocarpi; and A. Lindheimeri, distortus rrd ?rbber he puts here though better placed among the Leptocarpi and Hamcsi. He adds the section Pterocarpi which is better placed among the Podo-sclerocarpi. He transfers A. Beckwithii from the Bisulcati to the Argophylli which is also an error. He makes no improvement on the Argophylli. He adds A. nudus (Serenoi) to the Pectinati, wisely, but does not add that to the Podo-sclerocarpi where it belongs. There is no improvement on the Scytocarpi. He puts A. pych- nostachyus here when it belongs along with A. Palmeri among the Inflati near A. Hornii. He puts A. cyrtoides (Gibbsii) in the Podo-sclerocarpi, but it is better placed next to A. coUinus in the Collini. He puts A. porrectus among the Homalobi, a natural error, but I think is better placed in the Collini. He puts A. Palmeri in the Homalobi, but it is better placed among the Inflati. The revision of the genus in the Pflanzen-familien is simply a copy of the work of Gray and Watson. 13 SHELDON'S PRELIMINARY LIST. This list which never should have been printed was published to get the credit for many new names made necessary by the Brittonian Code which he followed, and withont the exhaustive study that a revision would entail. There was no original work worth mention in it. here and there divisions indicated by Watson were created, and here and there changes made, which I will mention. The anomalous species, oxytropidoid, he calls Section I Spies- ioides and puts A. acutirostris and nothoxys in it, while they belong to separate sections. Homalobus still contains A. collinus and porrectus which belong in the Collini, A. miser which belongs in the Inflati of Gray, A. debilis (Bodini) which belongs in the Debiles and close to the Alpini which Gray would have placed in Phaca probably. A. speirocarpus is still kept in the Podo-sclerocarpi. A. griseopubens (campestris) is put in a new section "Famelicus", a botanical hodge-podge, instead of in the Homalobi where it belongs, A. scalaris is put here while it belongs with the Inflati. A. debilis is put here while it belongs with the Debiles. A. sabulosus, limatus, praelongus (Pattersoni) are put here while they belong with the Preussii. A. reventus is put here while it belongs in the Reventi- arrecti. It also contains A. flexuosus, Hallii. gracilentus, etc. It contains A. aridus which belongs with the Inflati. A. Sonorae (humistratus) is here but belongs with the Homalobi. A. pych- nostachyus is here but belongs in the Inflati. A. troglodytus is here but I would have placed it in the Ocreati. A. Virgineus (sabulonum) is here but belongs in the Inflati. A. castanaeformis is here but belongs in the Argophylli, so also tephrodes, Newberryi and Cham- aeleuce. A. Eastwoodae (Preussii) is bere but belongs in the Preussii. He renames the Lonchocarpi as Clavocarpus. He puts A. desperatus in the Inflati, but it is better in the Argo- phylli. He puts A. ampullarius here, b U it belons;s in the Preussii. He puts A. oocarpus here but it belongs in the Inflati. He makes a new section Araneocarpus and puts A. neglectus in it instead of in the Uliginosi where it belongs. He puts A. Texanus (giganteus) here when it belongs in the Mollissimi He makes another new section Lanocarpus to hold the Purshii group which belongs in the Argophylli. All the above he puts in the general Series Phaca. His Euastragalus, corresponding to Astragalus proper of Gray he divides up variously. His first section being Sericophyllus con- taining another hodge-podge of species. A. glareosus, pephragmenus, Parryi, amphioxys, Shortianus, Missouriensis, cibarius belongs' in the Argophylli. A. triquetrus belongs in the Inflati as does also A. pubentissimus, Mokiacensis, etc.. A. Casei belongs in the Podo-sclerocarpi. A. Reverchoni belongs iH the Lotiflori. A. Gilensis belongs in the Homalobi. A. Beckwithii belongs in the Preussii. He renames Watson's Pterocarpi as Scuticarpl. He still keeps A. villosus in the Lotiflori. He still more befuddles the Oroboidei. He puts A. glaber anl distortus (Englemanni) here, when they belong elsewhere. A. palans is put here when it belongs in the Inflati. A. obcordatus is put here but belongs in the Sparsiflori. A. Sileranus is put here but belongs in the Flexuosi. A. Lindheimeri is put here but belongs in the Lept- ocarpi. He puts A. lentiformis and Lemmoni here when they belona: in the Micranthi. He puts A. Breweri here when it belongs in the Didymocarpi. He puts A. Ibapensis here when It belongs in the Atrati. He puts A. Dodgeanus here when it belongs in the Homalobi. H He puts A. sparsiflorus here when it belongs in the Sparsiflori. He renames Gray's Section Microlobi and calls it Rugocarpus. belongs in the Lotiflori along with Mohavensis. He puts A humi- In the Ocreati he puts A. accumbens (procumbens) when it stratus here when it is better placed in the Homalobi. The Galegiformes he renames but puts A. atropubescens in it vhfn it belones in the Reventi-arrecti. He puts A. Howelli and •-■'isellus here when they belong in the Hamosi. He makes a new section for A. asclepiadoides and calls it '^sclepiadodps. ignoring the fact that I had previously suggested the name Pachyphyllus for the section, but the species is better placed in the Preussii. He creates a new section and calls it Eremiticus. This :s another hodge-podse of species. It contains A. diphacus which be- longs in the Didymocarpi. A, terer which belongs in the Leptocarpi. A. obscurus which belongs in the Atrati. A. Panamintensis also be- lonsrs in the Atr-iti. A. recurvus belongs in the Strigulosui. A. '^achypus which belongs in the Sclerocarpi. A. sylvaticus which l)elongs in the Hamosi. A. tricarinatus which belongs in the Hamosi A. arrectus which belorigs in the Reventi-arrecti. A. Brandegei which belongs in the Strignlosi. A. drppanolobus which goes in the Hamosi. A. Bolanderi which belongs in the Reventi-arrecti. A. malacns which goes in the Malaci. A. Andersoni, Congdoni and "^rcuttianus which go in the Hamosi. A. Rusbyi which belongs in the Strigiilosi. A. Arizonicus which belongs in the Hamosi. A. lp"tnrarpus. streptopus (ncutirostis), Nuttallianus, Wrightii all of which belong in the Leptocarri. A. albens which goes in the Hamosi. A. D^'ene fvaccarum) whVh g^es in the Micranthi. •'<. Cobrensis whJch gre^. witb th<^ Ftrig'iiosi. A. hypoxylus, Pringlei, Hartwegi and vaccarum which belong in the Micranthi. He again creates a nevr name for an old section, the Didymo- carpi, calling it Dispermus. Under the Hypoglottidei which he renames Hvpoglottidens he '^iits A. ventorum (Oreganus) and terminalis which belong in the Uliginosi. Under the Uliginosi he puts A. ervoides which neither he nor pi-vone el<=o knows anything -''-^--t. He also places A. accidens hero which beloners in the Reventi-rrrecti. Under the Mollissimi he puts A. I.,ayneae which belongs with the Malaci. TTnder the Chaetodontes he follows Watson in keeping A. calyco- sus there but which belongs in the Hamosi, and which he would have n'aced in his Sniesiodes, if he had known anything about the species along with A. Arizonicus. Under the Lentiginosi he puts A. Bajaensis (Hornii) which be- longs in the Inflati. He again makes a new name for an old section the Sarcocarpi by calling it Carnosocarpus. At the end he has 27 unplaced species. The list shows no conception of genetic relationship other than that indicated by his predecessors, and a continual blundering in the placing of new species, as well as a disregard for priority in the naming of sections, which is wholly unexcusable. GENERIC SEGREGATION. The conception of Astragalus as a genus began with Tourne- fort if not earlier. Since his time some sixty genera have been proposed as segregates from it. Tournefort himself separated Phaca under the name of Astragaloides, and Linnaeus in Linn Corolli. Gen. 15 changed it to Phaca. Medic proposed several segregations in 1787. (Jlandula, Glottis, Hamosa, Onix, Stella, Tium and Triquetra Aragallus and Spiesia were proposed by Necker in 1790 but without description of species. Steudel proposed Aragus for the Aragallus of Necker in 1840, and Thium in 1821. Steven in 1832 proposed Ammodytes, chondrocar- pus, Cymbicarpus, Euprepia, Glyclphylla, Picraena, Proselias, Psychri- dium, Rysodium. In 1856 he again continued the dislntregration by proposing Ailurischia, Alopecias, Ankylobus, Craccina, Cystium, Euilus Feidanthus, Hedyphylla, Macrosema, Myobroma, Pedina, Philammos, Solenotus. Torrey and Gray published Nuttall's Kentrophyta in 1840 ;r!so Homalobus Nutt. Walpers put out Aurosema in 1842. Boissier pro- posed Europhaca about 1840^ Opiz proposed Kirchnera in 1858, also i^iedyphylla. Royle i roposed Podolanthus in 1835. Kegel & Smalh. Pro- posed Didymopelta, Sewerzowia, and Dipelta in 1877. Diplotheca was proposed by Hochst in 1846. Hamaria was proposed by Fourrnier In 1868 and also Hypoglottis and Podoclirea. Rafinesque also earned a place in the segregators by Physondra in 1832. Rydberg seems to have tailed to note that this genus antedates Homalobus by eight years. So we shall see a new batch of synonyms in due time. Recently Rydberg harking back to the ancient times has resur- rected the old genera and methods of 8egroa;ati'n s i Ions dead throa^rh the good work of Gray and Bentham & Hooker and the Pflanzenfa- milien. Gray demonstrated conclusively the folly of attempting to segregate the species of Astragalus in different genera, and he has been almost universally followed both in this country and abroad. He saw the folly of keeping up the form genera Kentrophyta and Homalobus as well as Phaca which latter had persisted longest. He stil ad- hered to Oxytropis which can be kept up only on the flimsiest grounds, that of an abruptly beaked keel, and he should have added enlarged and most lobed wings. A few species of Astragalus have an obscure boss at keel tip, and even a rudiment of beak, such as A. acutirostri.^ and nothoxys, and others have produced keel as in campestris, atra- tus, etc. with normal wings, and A. Arizonicus with lobed or en- larged wings, and A. calycosus with conspicuously lobed wings and blunt keel. But it seems better to follow Gray in still keeping up Oxytropis than to merge it in Astragalus, for its species as a rule have a general habit somewhat different from Astragalus if we ex- clude the oxytropidoid species, but with them in the genus it must be merged. Britton & Brown in their Flora proposed Orophaca in 1897 for the group Triphylli of Gray, without recognizing the very diverse character of its members. There might be some reason in keeping up Orophaca for A. triphyllus alone but to put the sericoleucus group with it spoils it, as these plants are manifestly modifications of the montanus group. The proposed genera of Rydberg are mostly the product of his idea that no genus should contain more than six species whatever Nature may have said or done about it, which is rather hard on the Almighty, but where genera and species are governed by botanical inspiration and not study or morphological knowledge this state of affairs make strange bed fellows. Taking up Rydberg's genera alphabetically we find Atolophragma jiroposed for a part of the Alpini. In it are A. aboriginum, Forwoodii (aboriginum) glabriusculus, lineare (aboriginum), elegans, Macounii (Labradoricus var.), Shearii (elegans). These belong together but lie also includes A. Arthuri which belongs in the Hamosi. and .\. T^randegei which belongs in the Stri.gulosi. and A. Ibapensis which belongs in the Atrati. He also omits from the genus the other mem bers of the Alpini. His next genus is Cnemidophacos, which contains A., argillosus. confertiflorus, flavus, which naturally belong together (as indicated by Gray under the Ocreati) but he omits A. Moencoppensis and soph- oroides, and puts in it A. terminalis (reventoides) which belongs in the Uliginosi. and A. reventus which belongs in the Reveuti-arrecti. 16 Uiholcos is his next genus and includes A. bisulcatus and Hav- c'enianus. a well marked group, called Bisulcati by Gray which like all of Rydberg's other segregations was first recognized by Gray or Watson. As I have indicated this is rather too close to the Ocreati for good separation. His next genus is Ctenophyllum and contains A. Grayi and pecti- natus a well marked group but too close for separation from the rest of the Podo-sclerocarpi, and already grouped by Gray under the Pectinati. Cystium Steven is his next genus and is supposed to include Gray's Diphysi. It follows Gray in everything even to including A. platytropis which belongs in the Atrati or near there. He also adds A. Boiseanus (arrectus var.) which belongs in the Reventi- arrecti. Geoprumnon is another segregate to include Gray's Sarcocarpi, a well marked group. Hamosus is another genus of Medic that he takes up. It corres- ponds with the Leptocarpi and not the Hamosi of Medic. It contains A. Nuttallianus, leptocarpus. Lindheimeri which form a good group. But he also puts in it A. calycusus and var, which belong in the Ha- mosi proper. And he puts A. atratus here also which belongs in the Atrati. He places here A. atratiformis (straturensis) which belongs in the Strigulosi. The next genus in order is not of Rydberg but Heller and id called Hesperastragalus and includes the Didymocarpi of Gray but neither Heller nor Rydberg sees that to it also belong Brazoensis, Breweri and reflexus. Jonesiella is another Rydbergian genus to include the remark- able A. asclepiadoides which belongs in the Preussii. Kentrophyta Nutt. is kept up and with the old limitations, but it belongs in the Homalobi. Microphacos is one of his genera to include the Microlobi of Gray, but is better placed in the Flexuosi, being only depauperate forms of this group. Onix of Medic is taken up for A. Mulfordae, but this belongs in the Hamosi. Homalobus is kept up and is a general hodge-podge of species. Without naming the species which properly belong there and which he puts there we find him blindly following Gray. A. collinus and curvicarpus (Gibbsii) are here but belong in the Collini. A. deb- ilis belongs in the Debiles. A. Fendleri and flexuosus belong in the Flexuosi; A. grallator in the Bisulcati; A. Hallii in the Flexuosi; A. macrocarpus (lonchocarpns) in the Lonchocarpi; A. miser in the Inflati; A. stenophyllus in the Collini. The Phaca of Linnaeus is another wholly unintelligible mixup, ns treated by Rydberg. As I have stated Phaca of Linnaeus belongs to the Alpini. Rydberg puts A. ampullarius in it, but it belongs to the Preussii, also A. artipes which is in the same group. He puts A. artemisiarum (Beckwithii) here, which is also of the Preussi. A. Bodini (debilis) he places here, but it belongs with the Inflati, the same is true of A. cerussatus (triflorus), Cusickii, debilis, humilli- mus, jejunus, leptaleus. ineptus (lentiginosus), microcystis (miser), sabulonum, serpens, subcinereus, Wetherilli. He also puts A. Preus- sii here but it belongs in the Preussii. He puts A. Reverchoni (loti- florus) here but it belongs in the Lotiflori. He puts A. sesquiflorus here but it belongs in the humistratus branch of the Homalobi. He creates the genus Phacopsis to include A. Pattersoni and praelongus (Pattersoni var.) and adds A. scaphoides (arrectus var.) which belongs in the Reventi-arrecti. The first two species belong in the Preussii. He takes up Tium Medic and makes another general mixup. A. alpinus (andinus) belongs in the Alpini. A. arrectus. atropubesceng (arectus), eremiticus (arrectus var.) belong in the Reventi-arrecti. 17 A. desperatus belongs in the Argophylli. A. Drummondii. racemosus and scopulorum belong in the Galegiformes. A. obcordatus and va- riegatus (sparsiflorus) belong in the Sparsiflori. A. humistratus be- longs in the Homalobi. A. distortus belongs in the Hamosi probably. He creates Xylophacos to include Gray's Argophylli. PRESENT REVISION. The writer began his work on the revision of the genus in 189ij, a year after the appearance of Sheldon's abortive "Preliminary List," in the belief that no closet botanist could ever revise the genus pro- perly, and with the intention to work out the genetic relationship of all the North American species in the field. I had already spent sixteen years in the field on the genus along with other flowerin? plants, but with no intention to revise it. My first work was an examination of all the types in this country and photographing them, which was the first work of that kind in this country. Then some years were spent in a fruitless attempt to follow Gray and Watson. When I had the genus about half done the scheme utterly collapsed. The mass of genetic and ecologic- al information accumulated in the field and the great amount of material seen which embraced all to be found in all the leading her- baria in the country, and the study of nearly every species in the field compelled me to attempt a new classification. For a time the arch- ing of the ventral suture offered much encouragement, but this also broke down with a very few species. I then took up the genus from an ecological and genetic view-point, making much of geogra- phical proximity, and this led me out where I believe the genetic relationship of all the species is no longer guess-work but an estab- lished fact. These studies showed that the intrusion of the sutures though valuable on the whole must not be relied on, nor the thick- ness of the walls of the pods, nor the inflation. The differentiation of the genus has gone along on other lines. The genus originated in the Temperate life zone in its colder regions as is shown by the most primitive species the Homalobi, of which very few are found in hot regions and all are perennials. I have tried to retain the old sectional names wherever this does not cause confusion. The new sectional names are taken from the leading species in the group. In subdivisions of sections, wherever groups are well defined I have named them in the same way. That Astragalus is closest related to Oxytropis. Crotalaria and Colutea is evident, but the Homalobi remind one much of Hosackia pnd Lathyrus, the pods splitting and curling in the same way in several species. I take the Homalobi to represent the lowest forms and A. cam- restris the lowest species. From this an early offshoot is the Triphylli presaged by the caespitose species A. simplicifolius and carried much farther in A. montanus. These are Plains adaptations. The Lotiflori represents another digression toward the inflated forms represented in the lowest group the Debiles also an earlier offshoot of the Homalobi and which reached considerable alteration in the Inflati of the arid and variably alkaline and hot deserts, and in the Sparsiflori of the more moist and sweet-soiled mountains whicli group also passes into the Alpini of the high and Arctic regions. It should be noticed that regions with deen snow produce thin-walled ))ods. Regions with little or no snow and with a tendency to alkali and a warm climate favor differentiation into thin-walled and in- flated pods in offshoots of the Debiles. The Homalobi again branch into the CoHini which represents one of the two great lines of differentiation. The Collini branch into the Podo-sclerocarpi of the Columbia Basin and northern Great Basin 19 legions, in rather alkaline deserts and the Reventi-arrecti which aave considerable dilferentiation in the same regions but spread to the north farther east. This last group amplifies into the Uliginosi a cosmopolitan group of plains, prairies and open woods in temper- ate regions. . This division on growing in cold meadows and dry valleys passes into the Hypoglottides, and this again divides into the Chaetodontes under the altered climatic conditions of the Columbia drainage. But it should be noted that, all three groups grow in the same region in the west, but each under its own peculiar ecological conditions. Another offshoot of the Homalobi, close to the Flexuosi is the Atrati of the interior juniper mesas, which branches into the Strigulosi which belong mostly to the cool meadows and mesas and pine forests of Mexico. The second main branch of the Homalobi is the Flexuosi which, in the colder regions of the north in sweet soil branches into the Argophylli, a group growing on dry benches and plains where there is some winter snow. It shows pome differentiation into the Malaci which also are replaced by Sarcocarpi of cold plains, and the Mollis- simi which extend beyond the limits of snow on plains to central Mexico, but in relatively cool regions. The Argophylli have some species that have secured some alkali tolerance, such as the species of the Navajo Basin. In the alkaline deserts and in clayey regions where the soil is very poor the Flexuosi pass gradually into forms with conspicuously inflated pods with rather thick walls, and the Ocreati and Bisulcati without inflation but with much alteration of walls by corrugations and sulcation at sutures and intrusion of the dorsal suture. The Bisulcati branch into the Galegiformes, and these f^gain early give off the Lonchocarpi. The Flexuosi pass into the Hamosi which branch into the Leptocarpi, and these into the Micran- thi, and the latter pass into the Didymocarpi the highest developed species. This whole line of the Flexuosi is for the most part a line of warm and variably desert regions. A very few species grow in mo- derately cool regions such as bisulcatus, Drummondii, and some Ha- racsi, but they are for the most part the result of long inhabitance of hot regions of the south and subject to the greatest influence of diverse ecological conditions. In the system which I have used it has been my object to get related species together as far as a linear arrangement could do it. find I have therefore inverted the order of relationship in parts of groups to bring this about. In order to facilitate understanding the genetic relationship I have appended a diagram of my view of the relationship of the groups. My diagram of and arrangement of species is based wholly on relationship as indicated by the species of today. Whether this is the actual line of descent is a different matter for no one knows whether there has been retrogradation nor how much. A study of the Asiatic species might throw some light on this matter but the geolo- gical history is so localized that little benefit is liable to accrue from this source. The differentiation of the genus except in rare cases has manifestly been due to glacial and post-glacial agencies and these factors are well worked out. GROUP DETAILS. 1. Homalobi. It is a debatable matter as to which species is the most primitive, but from its resemblance to Hosackia and Lathy- rus I have assumed A. campestris to be the most primitive. But for systematic reasons I have placed first those species with the ventral suture the more arched and which belong in more humid re- gions and mostly at the north. A. Wingatensis and tenellus fall together, with short or no stipe and small flowers. It is here that the Debiles branch off. The sti- 19 pitate species with larger flowers come next. A. Coltoni with pur- ple flowers belongs to the Navajo Basin slopes. A. stenophyllus and Antiselli with white flowers come next, belonging to the mountain slopes of the northern Great Basin, the Columbia Basin, and the southern California plains in warmer regions, and almost connecting with the Inflati through A. oxyphysus. Another offshoot of the north- ern Sierras is in A. Californicus and inversus. The second branch of the Homalobi has the ventral suture less arched than the dorsal for the most part, and as a whole belongs in warmer regions or at the south. A. campestris with pods wider above Is cosmopolitan In the mountains, even reaching alpine places. A. Pasqualensis Is placed here for lack of a better place, but its posi- tion is not determined. It is from the far south in Mexico. The Bpecies with pods not wider above are A. junceus and EJpiscopus. Species much as In A. campestris but with acerose leaflets are A. simpliclfolius and detritalis. A marked differentiation of the group now comes in the species A. montanus which connects campes- tris with the humistratus group, and represents the alteration of campestris to thrive on the dry plains and stony forests of Wyoming to Arizona. A. humistratus and sesquiflorus represent a modification of montanus for the forests of Arizona and New Mexico to Mexico. Other modifications are A. sericoleuciis for the Plains of Wyoming and Colorado, A. Gilensis for those of the Gila. A. tegetarioides for those of Oregon. A. quinqueflorus and Pueblae are Mexican out- liers. 2. Triphylli. This group of two species represents a special adaptation to the wind-swept Plains. 3. Debiles. This offshoot of the Homalobi starts off near A. tenellus and its lowest species doubtless is A. debills connecting the group with A. tenellus of the Homnlobi, nnd also not greatly re- moved from A. pauciflorus of the Inflati. Then comes A. Yukonensis, and leptaleus, with A. polaris last. This little known species is very likely to belong with A. alpinus. The Debiles all belong in the north in cold regions in moist places with sweet or acid soil. 4. Sparsiflori, This group connects almost direct with the De- biles by A. leptaleus through A. sparsiflorus, with A. obcordatus next and A. villosus last, and belongs on the plains and prairies from Colo- rado BOutheastward. 5. Alpini. This group Is perhaps as well placed as an offshoot of the Sparsiflori and closely related to the Inflati, though it is re- lated to the Atrati and Strigulosi which represent it in the south. Its lowest species is doubtless A. eleg.ins though the little known A. Crormani may be first, then comes the large stipuled forms A. alpinus .'^nd Americanus. and the small-stiptileri forms aboriginum and Cot- toni. all with a slightly produced dors.-^l suture, then we come to the sulcate and variably 2-celled forms A. Lnbradoricus and andinus. All this grouji belong in the high region or the far north, mostly in cold meadows and copses. 6. Inflati. This is an early offshoot of the Debiles or coordi- nate with it as an offshoot of the Homalobi, for A. pauciflorus is certainly closely related to A. tenellus. This is a group of the hot and variably alkaline deserts for the most part. Its two primitive species A. pauciflorus and miser belonging in sweet soil in the pine forests of the north. Among its single-celled small podded forms A. Pulsi- ferae and diurnus belong in the sagebrush benches of the southern Columbia Basin drainage and vicinity, A. pubentissimus in the Navajo Basin deserts In sandy places. A. sabulonum in similar places along the Colorado in Utah and Nevada, A. aridus in the hot deserts of the Death Valley-Mojave region, A. Geyeri on the sandy deserts of the Great Basin, A. Julianus. prorlferus and metanus in the deserts of Lower California. A. Vaseyi, Thurberi and Palmeri in the deserts of 20 western Arizona and near California, A. insularis on desert islands of Lower California and A. triflorus in the sandy places from Colo- rado to central Mexico where there is little alkali. A. pychnostachyus In the salt marshes of the California bays, A. Hornii on the salt flats of the San Joaquin and southward, and A. scalaris an aberrant thing from the barrancas of Chihuahua. Among the single celled and hirge podded forms A. subcinereus and pictus grow with running roots in sandy sagebrush regions of Colorado to Utah and Arizona. A. Wardi, serpens and nutans grow from stout roots in sagebrush regions of southern Utah to adjacent Nevada. A peculiar group of seacoast species inhabits the California-Mexican region such as A. vestitus, Pomonensis. Crotalariae, Miguelensis and Magdalenae. Another more inland group but near the other is A. macrodon and Douglasii. Large podded forms of the Grand Canon region are A. allochrous and Wetherilli. All these are, except the last, plants with sessile pods. Balloon-shaped and variably stipitate plants are the diminutive A. jejunus of the Uintas, A. Cusickii of the lower Snake river drainage, and A. Hookerianus of the Sierras which comes close to A. Cottoni. Another quite distinct group and connected with the Collini is A. oxyphysus, trichopodus and capillipes which belong in the southern California region and are related to the bal- loon-shaped section. Plants with large and stipitate but not balloon- shnped pods are A. leucophyllus, curtipes, leucopsis, and belong in the coast region of California. These all have no joint to the stipe. Plants with jointed stipe and large pods are A. lutosus of the dry ledges of western Colorado. A. megacarpus of the desert clay bad lands of Wyoming and Utah. A. oophorus and Bechwithii of the sagebrush plains and hills of Utah to Idaho and Nevada. Plants with variously 2-celled pods are A. triquetrus and Craigi of the Sage- brush piains of Nevada and adjacent Oregon, and the cosmopolitan A. lentiginosus, at least as far as tlie western plateau region goes, not extending much into Mexico. 7. Lotiflori. This group would naturally be placed as a branch of the Debiles next the Sparsiflori. and may possibly belong there. But I prefer to place it Ps an offshoot of the Homalobi verging to- ward the Argophylli and near to the Atrati with which it seems re- lated. The rather fleshy pods variously 2-celled would place it here A. Mohavensis belongs in the rocky gulches of tne Death Valley region, and A. circumdatus in the Lower California region, accum- bens (procumbens) on the mesas of northern New Mexico, and A. loti- florus on the Plains from Wyoming to Texas. 8. The least modified group of the Homalobi in its beginning is the Collini, the pods being Homalobous but the flowers decidedly modified in the first three species A. Tweedyi, collinus and porrectus. Then the pods themselves become fleshy and inclined to corrugated and falcate in Gibbsii, which tendency is still more accentuated in eperiocarpus and Alvordensis. All belong in the Columbia Basin drain- age and vicinity, in soil not very alkaline. 9. Podo-sclerocarpi. This branch of the Collini shows a lengthen- ing of the flowers, and expansion and lengthening of floral rachis a reduction of the leaves toward phyllodia and thickening of "tissue to suit the alkaline conditions in which it grows. The pods become more fleshy and rapidly differentiate. It is almost exclusively a Great Basin group of the alkaline plains. A. Toanus of the border land of Utah and Nevada is the lowest. A. pectinatus and Gray* form a close group, the one on the Plains from Assiniboia southw-ard, the other in the Green River Wyoming drainage. All these have ehort fleshy, sessile and little differentiated pods, but modified leaves Here branch off the Preussii. Then comes A. Casei, pterocarpus. and tetrapterus with doubly falcate and elongated pods inclined to stipitate and much modified. These all belong to the Great Basin and A. tetrapterus extends beyond to the drainage of the Virgin river and the Colorado near and in Utah. A. Casei keeps close to the 21 Sierras, and A. pterocarpus along the head of the Humboldt. Then come the stipitate A. sclerocarpus of the Columbia Basin sand dunes, A. bicristatus of the canyons of the Mojave, A. Serenoi and canonis of the alkaline seeps of the east base of the Sierras, and A. pachypus of the similar seeps at the head of the San Joauqin. 10. Preussii. This group is one with pods more inflated and mostly less fleshy, with leaves not modified and growing in hotter and less alkaline places and belonging mostly along the Colorado drainage, it seems to branch off early from the Podo-sclerocarpi. The purple flowered forms A. Preussii and ampullarius with re- duced number of leaflets and thin-walled and inflated pods nor- mally stipitate, and A. limatus with ample leaflets and fleshy and less inflated pods. A. Preussii goes from the Sierras to Colorado, ampullarius is local near the Kaibab. and limatus belongs in the Death Valley-Mojave region. The white or cream colored flowers have the rather tall A. oocarpus, a near relative of A. Preussii from the San Diego region, the remarkable A. asclepiadoides, probably nearest to A. ampullarius, of the Navajo Basin and upper Sevier, with a single great leaflet, and the fleshly-walled A. Pattersoni and sabulosus, also of the Navajo Basin, A. Pattersoni also going over into the Great Basin and on the Rio Grande drainage. 11. The other branch of the Collini is the Reventi-arrecti where this line runs toward the production of the septum into 2-celled pods. A. reventus and adanus represent the fleshy-walled side and belong in the Columbia drainage. A. arrectus in its many modifications to suit temperature conditions extends from the upper Columbia drain- rge to the Colorado. Here branch off the TJliginosi. A. vallaris and Bolanderi represent an inflated and stipitate group reminding one rf the sessile A. lentiginosus of the Inflati, the one species growing en the upper and eastern Columbia drainpge, and the other in the rorthern Sierras. This group abounds in the sagebrush region where nlkali is not excessive. Still another specialized member reminding one of the Sarcocarpi is A. accidens with plum-shaped and very fleshy stipitate pods inhabiting the pine forests of the Cascades, like its congener A. Bolanderi of the Sierras farther south. 12. Uliginosi. This early branch of the Reventi-arrecti is closely related to it through A. terminalis and Oreganus, species of the up- per Columbia drainage and adjacent head of the Missouri, growing in sagebrush regions. A. Canadensis comes next with its stubby flowers and is cosmopolitan, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, growing in copses and prairies. A. neglectus an inflated modification remind- ing one much of the Preussii belongs in the Minnesota region in open woods. 13. Hypoglottides. this appears to be an offshoot of the Uligi- nosi as shown by the flowers, habitat, and pubescence of A. nitidus. The first species A. nitidus belongs on the Plains and extends west- ward to Washington. A. agrestis belongs in the sweet and cold meadows of alpine and subalpine regions for the most part, though it goes down into Middle Temperate in specially favorable places. Both species endure small amounts of alkali. This group is Asiatic and European and reaches a much better development there. 14. Chaetodontes. . This group seems a natural modification of the Hypoglottides. A. Austinae is a caespitose modification of rocky ridges in the Sierras. A. Spaldingii and Dyallii are plants of the sage- brush plains and sandy slopes of the unper southern Columbia Basin. A. Brauntoni is a remarkable modification of the plains of the reeiou ■"'est of Riverside California. This makes the end of the Collini branch of the Homalobi. 15. The Lotiflori is a group that is hard to place but seems b-^tter located as an indei^endent branch of the Homalobi near the Atrati or of the Atrati itself. On the other hand it has some char- acters of the Argophylli. ns though a branch of the Flexuosi. IG. Atrati. This .group also branches off from the Homalobi and near A. junceus and verges toward the Alpini and represents it in the south and warmer and drier regions. It has a tendency to fleshy or coriaceous pods, and with ventral suture the more arched. A. Salmonis is a fleshy and caespitose plant of cold ridges in the Blue Mountains Oregon, A. obscurus has much narrower and less fleshy pods and frequents the sagebrush benches of northern Nevada. A. atratus has about straight pods and is very variable. It belongs in the sagebrush-juniper regions. In the Boise region its pods are papery and its filiform stems straggle for several feet over the ground, in central Nevada its stems are spreading and short and pods chartaceous to almost coriaceous, in the Death Valley region its pods are almost fleshy and rather cartilaginous. A. Ibapensis is like the central Nevada atratus but with different leaves and grows in the Deep Creek mountains on sagebrush slopes. A. Panamin- tensis has quite fleshy pods, but they on drying are only chartaceous. It grows in the rocky canons of the Panamints of California. 17. Striguiosi. This group seems to be an early branch of th^ Atrati and like it has the ventral suture the more arched, and th« rods are almost always stipitate and papery and inclined to inflated, and reflexed. A. recurvus and straturensis are in close relation with their narrow and linear, not inflated pods and acuminate base, and papery partial partition. They frequent the Grand Canon region, among the pines and brush. The rest of the group has oblong to glo- bose pods either inflated or appearing so. A. strigulosus has pods acuminate at base and often at tip and with loose pubescence, and in its various forms extends from the Grand Canon to southern Mexico. A. Brandegei, platytropis and Cobrensis are peculiar species the first and last seemingly inflated but little if at all so, and little If at all stipitate; the first reminds one of atratus, of the Atrati and may belong there near the Idaho form of atratus, and it grows from Canon City Colorado through the Navajo basin in the Lower Tem- perate life zone. A. Cobrensis is more coriaceous and frequents the mountains of New Mexico and Arizona in the same zone. A. platy- tropis a very aberrant species of the dry mountains of eastern Nevada, Montana and the Sierras doubtless closest related to A. Brandegei. This rarely gets as low as the Lower Temperate life zone, and has globose and greatly inflated pods. Plants with pros- trate stems or nearly so and elongated, and with stipitate pods, and plants almost wholly smooth grow in the meadows much as the Alpini but in central and southern Mexico. These are A. Guatama- lensis, Pamteri. Tolucanus and Rosei. A. .similar species but creep- ing and rooting at the nodes is A. reptans. 18. Flexuosi. This goes off earlier than the Cellini from the Homalobi in the tendency of the pods to be coriaceous and round in cross section, and in the small flowers of the parent group. The parent species is A. flexuosus of the northern Plains. A. parviflorus is a depauperate modification of the Plains, from which branch off the Ocreati. Then the species become inflated and the flowers lar- ger and we have a natural series to the end, as the species extend southward. A. gracilentus connects this series with the parent and belongs in the dry pinon forests of Colorado and New Mexico. A. Sileranus is a straggling offshoot of the Kaibab region. . A. coriaceus and Antoninus belong in the hotter regions of Mexico, and A. pin- onis in the Sevier Basin Utah. 19. Argo"hy!li. This is a natural offshoot of the Flexuosi in the line of pod thickening. A. desperatus of the hot ledges of the Navajo Basin is a near relative. A. cibarius of the sagebrush plains from Montana to southern Utah and westward is next, then come A. io- danthus an! Webberi of the Sierra region. These are forms with little pubescence except in A. desperatus. Forms with mostly large pods quite fleshy and not inflated noticeably and with silvery pubescence not woolly are A. argophyllus of the Montana to Arizona slopes and plains. Shortianus of the Colorado and New Mexican plains and foot- 23 hills, A. Zionis and remulcus of the Grand Canon region, and the small A. tephrodes of central New Mexico plains, and slopes. All these are either of the Lower Temperate life zone or reach a little up into the Middle. We now have a peculiar group of the Navajo Basin with cellular pods. A. pygmaeus and Musiniensis, in the Lower Temperate life zone. Then we have a group with pick-shaped hairs. A. cymboides and Missouriensis have rather small pods, the one belongs in the clay lands of the Navajo Basin, the other on th« Plains from Montana to New Mexico. A. amphioxys is the third mem- ber of this group and has variously elongated and arched pods and belongs on the Colorado drainage and adjacent parts of the Rio Grande. The Group with woolly pubescence shows a tendency to Inflation of pod but never very great. Of this A. Newberryi and Eu- rckensis have hairy pods and belong in the Great Basin region though the first extends to the Mogollons and both in the Lower Temperate. Forms with woolly leaves and pods are A. coccineus and funereus of the Death Valley region, A. Utahcnsis of the Great Basin in general and A. inflexus of the Columbia Basin. A species with very shortly woolly pods and hairy leaves is A. Purshii of both Basins. 20. Succumbentes. This group with so many characters of the Hamosi as to the pods still is related to the Malaci on the one hand .•i.nd the Galegiformes on the other. The flowers are those of the latter and the leaves and habit and even the pods more like the Ma- laci. But at best the relationship is remote, even to any known species. For the present I merge this in the Malaci. 21. Malaci. This group separates from the Argophylli early at A. cibarius. A. Parryi and Feensis v.'ith capitate flowers come first and belong to the Colorado foothills and New Mexical plains re- spectively. A. ensiformis, malacus and Layneae follow. The first species belongs on the high plateau south of St. George Utah; A. malacus along the eastern base of the Sierras and over to the Snake river on the Columbia drainage; A. Layneae from the south- ern Sierras to the Grand Canon. The whole group belongs in the Lower Temperate life zone, in and near the pinon and juniper mesas. 22. Mollissimi. This group, the highest differentiation of the Argophylli is compact and mostly Mexican. Species with smooth pods are A. mollissimus and giganteus of the Colorado and Texan to Arizona plains and mesas. Forms with stiff-hairy or shaggy pods are A. Bigelovii and Phoenicis of the New Mexican and Mogollon mesas, and a variety extending to central Utah. The form with felted pods is A. Humboldtii of the high valleys of Mexico. Forms with inflated pots are A. Orizabae of central Mexico, A. orthanthus of Coahuila, and A. anisus of Pueblo Colorado. Apparently all the species belong to the Lower Temperate life zone in well drained regions with little alkali. 23. Sarcocarpi. This branch of the Malaci starts off early also, apparently near A. Parryi, whose closest relatives are A. Tennesse- ■ ensis and Plattensis; the one from the southern prairies from Iowa to Tennessee, the other from Indiana to Colorado and Texas on phiins and prairies. The species with plum-shaped and very fleshy pods are A. crassicarpus and Mexicanus of the Plains and prairies from Mon- tana eastward and southenstward to Texas. 24. The natural alteration of the Flexuosi Is the Ocreati into which it passes at the start by the modification of the walls of the pods In grooves and ribs, but without intrusion of the suture notice- iibly. This group, like the Bisulcati has the flowers mostly with a strong and snake-like odor and inhabits the Navajo Basin resion. The species with pick-shaped hairs are A. sophoroides and conferti- florus, the latter growing also in the Green River Basin of Wyo- ming. The species with normal hairs are A. argillosus of the Green River region in Utah, find A. Moencoppensis of the IJttle Colorado region, the former growing on the hot bare mesas, and the latter in the pine forests of the Mogollons. 24 25. Bisulcati. This group forms a slight modification of the Ccreati hardly -worth separating from it. The species are taJl, while the Ocreati are low, and the pods are bisulcate ventrally and pendent mostly, presaging the intrusion of the suture in the Galegi- formes. A. bisulcatus abounds on the Plains and mountain valleys from the Saskatchewan to New Mexico. A. Haydenianus frequents the valleys of the Great Basin and Navajo Basin. A. oocalycis is an aberrant species with inflated calyx from Aztec New Mexico. All the group belong on plains and valleys with some alkali. 25. The Galegiformes in the first species show more differen- tiation in the mostly Y-shaped cross section without corrugations and sulcato dorsally, and broader white flowers and pods a little inflated, in A. racemosus of the Plains from Colorado to central Mex- ico, and A. scopulorum from the lower mountain gulches of Colorado to Utah. But A. Drummondii has a long and rugose p^d with reni- form cross-section, and not at all inflated. This frequents mountain valleys from Colorado to Utah and Montana. A. Osterhouti is an aberrant form harking back toward the Homalobi. It belongs on the Nava.io Basin drainage. 27. Lonchocarpi. This group doubtless has a relationship, though a loose one with the racemosus part of the Galegiformes, being a little more aberrant than A. Drommondii. It is, like A. race- mosus, a group of the alkaline plains. The pods though reminding one of the junceus part of the Homalobi are explanate along the dorsal suture, while A. junceus splits at both sutures and the valves curl and the leaflets are phyllodia-like as in that species. A. Kai- bensis and Duchesnensis hark back toward i-mceus and inhabit the Navajo Basin, while A. lonchocarpus is local from western Utah to New Mexico and southern Nevada. The group might as well be placed as a branch of the Homalobi as l^ere, but the tendency toward an impressed dorsal suture would place it here. 28. Hamosi. This group gees a step farther in the intrusion of the dorsal suture and the narrowing of the pods, and runs into all sorts of modifications according to the varying ecological conditions of the hot regions that it inhabits. It connects with the Flexuosi through A. distortus glaber and Coahuilae. The first group of these three species is inclined to be a little fleshy-walled when fresh and with uneven sides, and imperfectly 2-celled. The first species belongs on the prairies of Oklahoma and Texas to Mississ'npi, the second in the barrens of the Florida region, and the third on the dry benches of Coahuila. The next group of species is inclined to be jointed to calyx but also not stipitate, is oxytropidoid and with pick-shaped hairs and 2-celled ascending pods. It belongs in the Juniper regions, A. Arizonicus on the swell south of the Colorado in Arizona, and A. calycosus from the Navajo Basin and Green River Basin of Wyoming to the Sierras and southward to the MogoUons. The rest of the Hamosi is without the pick-shaped hairs, and pods not coriaceous, with mostly Y-shapcd cross»3ection, but 2-celled, mostly linear. A. Bernardinus and Orcuttianus wath erect pods shortly stipitate belong in the eastern side of the southern Sierras in rather hot regions. The rest of the Hamosi have reflexed pods. A. drepanolobus is not stipitate and has shining pods and belongs in the southern Columbia Basin region. A. Congdoni and Andersonl are only minutely stipitate and softly silky all over and belong in the central Sierra region and with pods having a rather cordate cross section. A. sylvaticus is stipitate and with shining pods and whole plant about smooth, and abounds in the pine forests of the southern Cascades. A. albens has a peculiar depressed pod con- spicuously stipitate and like all its predecessors but the first group jointed to calyx and has silvery pubescene closely appressed and belongs in the Death Valley region. The rest of the section 25 is without jointing of pod to calyx and with manifest stipe. The first group is herbaceous and with nearly prostrate and slender stems. A. Howellii has narrow pods, is inclined to be softly pubescent and with dirty-white flowers about 1 cm. long. It frequents the prairies of the lower Columbia Basin. A. Mulfordse has the broad and a little inflated pods smooth, and has the small flowers of A. campestris, and belongs in the Upper Snake river region on sandy slopes. A. Inyoensis is the only annual with long and prostrate stems and brilliant purple flowers and broad and obcompressed pods as in Mulfordse and belongs in the Death Valley region. The next group of the Hamosi is marked by the shrubby base, woolly pubescence and narrow pods. A. Nevinii has smooth pods and A. Traskise has woolly pods. Both belong on the islands of southern California. . A. Arthuri is a remarkable plant with almost filiform and acuminate and elongated pods and the general habit of A. How- ellii and belongs in the Lake Waha region of Idaho. 29. The Leptocarpi seem to branch off from the Hamosi early near the first group. The first division contains the species with blunt keel, and wings not lobed, and embraces two groups, fJhe first containing A. Francisquitensis, Lindheimeri and Icptocarpus with smooth pods and racemose. The first species belongs in the lower California region, and the other two on the Texan prairies, the latter species going to central Mexico. The second group has flowers in heads, and with two rather distinct segregations. A. tener and Rattani belong on the California plains and have pods never shaggy. A. Wrightii has shaggy pods and belongs on the Texan prairies. The second division of the Leptocarpi embraces the oxytropidoid forms with sharp or produced keel and a tendency to lobed wings, and wings wide above. A. Taittallianus has pods arched most near the base and rarely inverted on a twisted pedicel, the keel variously sharp, and with obovate v^'ings. This is almost everywhere in the Tropi- cal life zone and covers most of the Lower Temperate throughout the Great Basin. A. acutirostris and nothoxys have acuminate keel and pods inverted on a twisted pedicel. The one belongs in the Mo- jave-Death Valley region, the other on the plains or low mountain slopes of southern Arizona, and extending into Mexico. The flowers of the Leptocarpi are seldom minute. 30. Micranthi, This is manifestly closely related to the Lepto- carpi but with pods inclined to be obcompressed and rather sul- cate at both sutures. A. lentiformis is peculiar in the much laterally flattened pod like A. tegetarioides, but it is manifestly an ally to A. Lemmoni of the same region namely the divide between the Great Basin and the Columbia drainage along the Sierras in the sagebrush. This group is almost wholly Mexican, with an outlier in Texas and three species reaching Arizona and California besides those mentioned. Plants with pediceled flowers in racemes are A. Madrensis of the pine forests of Chihuahua, the little known A. er- voides of Tepic, and Luisianus also of the forests of Oaxaca and Pu- ebla. Plants with flowers in loose heads and rather few are the mostly woolly A. Greggii of Coahuila and southward. A. Pringlei of the Chihuahua plains, A. parvus of the_ regions of San Luis Potosi. and A. Schaffneri from the same region. Plants with flowers in dense heads and with axillary peduncles are those with narrow leaflets A. Lemmoni, from California, Esperanzae from central Mexi- co, and Chapalanus from Jalisco. Plants with similar flowers but broad leaflets sessile in spikes and pods about sessile have two groups, with pods about linear which embrace A. Hartwegi from cen- tral Mexico, A. militaris from Chihuahua and adjacent Arizona, A. Saltonis from the State of Mexico, A. vaccarum from Arizona and Chihuahua and southward on dry hills, and the conspicuously con- 26 nate stipuled, and hoary A. .hypoleucus with hairs fixed by the middle, from central Mexico. Forms with broad pods and flowers in spikes have two groups those with short spikes embracing A. oxyrhynchus and Seatoni from San Luis Potosi to Oaxaca. Plants with broad pods and long spikes are the the pubescent A. Goldmani from Chihuahua and Clevelandi from western California. Plants with stipitate pods in dense heads are A. Purpusi. 31. Didymocarpi. This is the natural culmination of the Mic- ranthi. The species are annuals unless A. diphacus and Angelinus are more enduring. The pods are for the most part very small and much altered. The annuals separate into those with pods sessile and those with stipitate pods. The first group contains those with closely reflexed pods in spikes and the species are two, A. reflexus of the Texan prairies, and A. nigrescens of the hot Californian plains. This group also contains with erect pods, A. Breweri with a long beak and relatively large pods, and didymocarpus and dispermus with pods hardly longer than calyx and didymous and corrugated. Those belong to the Californian plains and run over into the border of Arizona and Nevada. The species with stipitate and reflexed pods is A. Brazoensis of the Texan plains and prairies. The apparently perennial species are both Mexican, A. diphacus from Zacatecas, and A. Angelinus from the Valley of Mexico.. 27 \«5. \ ^ */p.. ■<'-o„ i>^^ ceM^ % .'cfue; OOOj es SP3 '•s/f/. Or/ 'e6 '/e. ^ve> Uot^ Af^o^y "e,.« ^^&- ^/. ®*//, <^^f/ Genetic Relationship. 28 ECOLOGY. To give the ecology of Astragalus would require the ecology of the Great Plateau, altogether too great a subject for this monograph. In Contributions No. 13 I went into the subject of life zones pretty fully, giving the main features and the basis on which they rest, and also went into the subject of barriers in their effect on the distribution of species in the west. These subjects will be treated briefly here. Astragali have to contend with all the ecological factors that apply to herbaceous plants. No species of Astragalus have become saprophytes, epiphytes, or parasites. A. reptans is the only species that creeps and roots. None are truly stoloniferous. Only about half a dozen species are woody and then only be- low such as some Inflati, A. leucophyllus and the like, A. Traskiae belongs with the Hamosi, none are true shrubs. Nearly all species are tufted from vertical tap roots; none have tuberous roots though some have fleshy roots, particularly those growing in clay soil where it is almost impossible for annuals to grow, such as the Navajo Basin. A. Musiniensis and cymboides have fleshy roots, the former 3-4 feet long, the same is true of A. ascle- piadoides, Pattersoni, sabulosus, but the latter afre fles|hy mcjre because of the alkaline soil. 12,5 species have woody roots. 11 species are biennial; 41 species are annual. 108 species have slender stems; 131 have delicate stems; 52 species have coarse and stout stems. 1.50 species have small leaves; 115 species have thick leaves; and 76 species have delicate leaves. 32 species grow in meadows; 61 in forests; and 112 in shade of brush or other plants; 120 are low plants; 38 species grow in sweet soil; 59 in alkaline soil strongly impregnated. 205 species have bladdery pods; 114 fleshy pods; and 144 have colored or blotched pods; none of the pods are truly edible. 128 species have small flowers; 133 large flowers; 7 coarse flowers; 24 delicate ones; 104 inconspicuous ones; 173 bloom in spring; 99 mature in two months, the rest in 2-3 months; 210 have white or cream-colored flowers. Most of the alpine species have slender underground stems or branching root crowns or interlacing roots forming loose patches of plants, particularly the Alpini, A. pictus and subcinereus have filiform and branching roots and long underground stems. A. junceus and Duchesnensis are much the same but less branched. Most of the Homalobi have prostrate and much interlaced csespitose stems. A. argcphylhis is much the same but stems coarser and woody. Many of the Great Basin species have stems with bark performing the duties of leaves, and leaflets reduced to phyllodia or very narrow. The annual species 29 with few exceptions are delicate and short-lived with delicate stems, small flowers and pods, and quick maturing, produced by the peculiar climate of the Tropical plains of the Arizona-California region and extending into the Lower Temperate life zone, such as A. Nuttallian- us, leptccarpus, Didymocarpi, etc. Several of these annuals in the Mexican region start in the meager moisture of the spring and make a growth sufficient to mature pods and then rest in the dry season without dying out and in the fall rains grow vigorously and bloom again more copiously, even having a woody old stem which makes them seem like bienniels or perennials, and for this reason we do not know yet what are truly annuals, among the higher groups. A. Nuttallianus is known to start in the fall and bloom as a winter annual, tl is possible that this is true of A. hypoleucus. A. amphioxys blooms as a winter annual but is a perennial, though Bhort-lived. Most species have peduncles as long or longer than the leaves and in the upper axils. Very few have short peduncles with flower* nearly sessile in the axils, and concealed pods. Very few have the internodes longer than the leaves. Very few leaves persist in winter and those which do are woolly or hairy and act as a protec- tion to the roots, such as A. Utahensis, coccineus and fanereus which protect them from the summer heat; A. simplicifolius, sericoleucus, triphyllus, montanus, humillimus. Gilensis, and campes,tr(is v.hich along with very condensed stems and large stipules protect them from changes in temperature in winter and spring. Only those alpine plants are thus protected which grow on gravelly or rocky places where winter's snow is liable to be blown off. As a rule there is no crowding with other plants, and specie* of Astragalus do not grow together. Exceptions to this are A. Nut- tallianus which frequently grows among dense patches of other an- nuals, A. didymocarpus , tener, leptocarpus, algrescens, Rattani and Lindheimeri have the same and then become erect, though all naturally are depressed to prostrate. The struggle for existence is purely one against climate and BOil. There is no evidence that any Astragali grow only on a lime soil, or an iron soil or any other particular kind of soil chemically speaking oxceit t'l-jse with active alkalies and acid. The plants of acid soils are the Alpini and the like, growing in decomposed vegetable humus. The plants growing only in actively alkaline soils (this is soils with 1 per cent or more soluble alkalies containing some carbonate of sodium) necessarily grow in clay soil in the bot- toms of alkaline valleys. Such plants are A. pectinatus, Grayi, Toa- nus. and nearly all of the Podo-scleroscarpi, and some of the Preussii such as asclepiadoides, Pattersoni, sabulosus, ampullarius, mc;;a- carpus. Very seldom do we see any species of Astragalus growing in large patches, an exception to this is A. andinus, agrestis, bisulcatus. Canadensis. Practically the only perennial species that come into competition with other species by crowding are the Alpini, Debiles, Hypoglotti- des, and in these groups there is no evidence of any differentiation due to crowding. The annual species when growing dens^y with other plants have more slender stems, smaller leaves and larger flowers and pods. It is a common thing for the flowers of Astragali to vary greatly In size according to the humidity. Where the season is particularly dry the flowers are often almost rudimentary, where epecially moist 30 they are large and long. This is particularly the case In the Dldy- mocarpi and Leptocarpi and has led to the founding of spurious species on this character. No fossil species of Astragalus have been certainly reported, while the geographical distribution points clearly to the Glacial period as the beginning of the primitive species. Doubtless there will always be discussion as to the indigenous or foreign origin of some species bHt generally speaking there is no reason to seek a foreign origin for any not known to be continental. Those species which are now contiguous in the Arctic, the Alpini, are of European or Asiatic origin, as well as the Hypoglottides, and prob- ably the Uliginosi. But the Hamosi of America though closely re- sembling those of Europe show no common origin with them but come down through the Flexuosi, or A. nitidus, and from the Hamosi come the rest, such as the Leptocarpi, Micranthi and Didymocarpl, though the latter may have come from the Hypoglottides. If the line of descent were not clear then we might be j'JStified in seeking a foreign origin, but though there are abnormalities and gaps yet as a whole the line of descent of all the species is well marked. While to connect our anomalies with species of remote regions in Europe or Asia would require far more unscientific guessing and stretchin.^ of ecological laws than the facts warrant. For example A. succum- bens has no near relative and yet its relation to the Hamosi is evident as well as with the Galegiformes. The Uliginosi are evidently of common origin with A. nitidus and presage the Preussii. The higher groups the Leptocarpi, Micranthi and Didymocarpl are the most differentiated and both ecologically and geologically have been subjected to the most changes of climate and the greatest migration, as shown by their present distribution and annual habit. We have hardly a suspicion of the spinose Astragali of Asia. A. jejunus and humillimus have rigid petioles as well as A. sesquiflorus, but never spinose. The adaptation of the species to climatic conditions is perfect as is that to soil whether the soil contains 1 per cein of soluble alkalies, or is acid as in the alpine meadows, or is barren clay as in the Navajo Basin, or the gravelly plains of Colorado and Montana, or the cooking-hot deserts of Arizona and Mexico. There is no evidence of present progressive differentiation, not even in such a cosmopolitan and variable species as A. lentiginosus. There is little hybridization and little evidence of fertility of hybrids. The species are easily definable though some are variable. The limits of a few species are uncertain, particularly Mexican, from lack of information. In fact many of the newer Mexican species are merely tentative, for there are at least a score still to be discovered which are liable to alter our conception of the limitations of the Strigulosi and Micranthi. LIFE ZONES. The prime factors in determining life zones are humidity (which Includes that of the air and soil), temperature, soil, and light. Since the light is a matter of exposure, it varies locally, the same is true of the soil. Humidity is at the basis of all plant growth and should form the basis of all classification but unfortunately it varies with altitude, exposure, drainage and many other things and so Tem- perature is alone left to govern our plant zones. This varies with altitude and latitude. We first find what are the actual plant zones 31 by observation of all the species of a region, and then tie these limits as far as possible to known temperature curves. No two species of plants are equally sensitive to temperature and humidity, and so they will not be bound by the same limitations. For example the aspen is more sensitive to humidity than temperature and thereforo will grow far down among the oaks under suitable humidity con- ditions, but where the humidity follows the temperature rathei* closely the aspen conforms to the usual life zone limits well, such as in the Great Basin and Colorado, New Mexico and Sierras, but in Montana and Idaho it grows out ol its true life zone among the oaks, because of humid conditions. A species that stops short off at one life zone limit nearly always feathers out on the other. So the real life zone limits have to be determined by careful observa- tion of all the species gi'owing in it. In this search for zonal limits there are usually some species that conform pretty closely to them and they become very valuable in directing attention as we approach the edges of the zones. The alpine regions are naturally limited by the upper edge of trees, and should as well include the meadows that lie between the tongues of trees commonly called subalpine meadows. The great forested region of the west is naturally limited by the spruce, the al- pine fir and for the most part the aspen, and best of all the upper limit of the sagebrush and the deciduous oak. The forested region is the Upper Temperate life zone of which the Alpine and Arctic form only a subdivision. The great forested region of deciduous trees does not belong to the Upper Temperate life zone, but is mostly of the Middle Temperate. The Spruce zone is for the most part a region of evergreen, coniferous forests, though the western yellow pine, Pinus ponderosa, belongs In the Middle Temperate. The Middle Temperate life zone is well defined by the distribu- tion of the deciduous oak, the upper limit of the sagebrush and the lower limit of the aspen in the southern regions. The Lower Temperate life zone is well defined by the distribu- tion of the white cedar or juniper, Juniperus Utahensis, the pinon, Pinus monophylla and edulis and the Mexican pinons, and also by the lower limit of the deciduous oaks, ,the upper limits of the live oaks, and the creosote (Larrea) and mesquit (Prosopis) bushes, as well as the lower limits of the sagebrush. The Tropical life zone is well defined by the distribution of the Creosote bush, mesquit, acacias, Parkinsonias, and barrel cactuses. (Echinocactus) and most of the live oaks. An exhaustive examina- tion of the flora (see Cont. 13) shows that the Tropical life zone extends farther north than is commonly supposed. A high humidity tends to throw the lower limits of the life zones below normal, particularly along streams, even so far as to go completely through the adjoining zone where you have species of the two zones almost side by side in canons, the upper zone plants along the bottom and the lower zone plants along the sides. A low humidity tends to throw the upper limits of a zone higher than normal as is shown along the exposed and dry slopes of mountains, where tongues of the lower zones run far up into the upper zone. These considera- tions have to be noted in placing species in their jiropc^r life zone. The accompanying map shows the life zones as actually wonted our 1:1 the Great Plateau. Life zones were first clearly marked out by Humboldt and his names should stand. The upper limit of the Tropical life zone is about GO degrees an- 32 naul temperature, that of the Lower Temperate about 49 degrees, but these will vary with the humidity. The limits given are for the arid west. The two grand divisions of climate are Tropical and Temperate, the latter being divided into Lower, Middle and Upper. The Tropi- cal is also divisible into Arid and Humid, but the arid is the only climate in our region, as affecting Astragali. As to climatic distribution of Astragalus 97 si)ecies are Tropical, and of those 75 grow exclusively in this zone, 12 only extending into the Lower Temperate, and these mostly annuals. In the Lower Tem- perate are 122 species of which 61 are exclusive. In the Middle Tem- perate there are 125 species, of which 43 are exclusive. The Upper Temperate has 22 species, of which 5 only are exclusive. UPPER TEMPERATE LIFE ZONE. In Contributions to Western Botany No. \?,, page 46ff. 1 discussed the distribution of Great Plateau species of plants in Glacial times. Briefly stated, the vegetation in the Glacial period was forced far south by the advance of the ice sheet. (The Glacial Period was preceeded by a Teritary tropical climate). There is little likeli- hood that any part of the United States had a climate warmer than the Middle Temperate of today, and then only along the tip of Flori- da, while most of the flora was Arctic, with a narrow strip of Middle Temperate flora in southern Arizona and which reached great pro- portions in Mexico, and another along the California coast. It was a period of high humidity and low temperate, which is hostile to specific differentiation necessarily so from the vast ice sheet of the Rocky Mountains to the Atlantic, and from the great lake of the Columbia Basin (See Contributions No. 14), and Lakes Lahontan of Nevada and Bonneville of Utah. The whole Columbia Basin was then a sheet of water, and there were about 18,000 s(juare miles of water in Utah, and nearly as much in Nevada, while the mountains were almost wholly covered by a sheet of perpetual snow and ice. It can be readily seen that very few species of our present day Astragali could have existed outside of limited areas in central Mexico, if such areas existed at all which is very doubtful. For such a profound humidity through- out the United States must have transformed the entire arid region of Mexico into fertile prairies or forests, which wouUl have precluded the existence of 90 per cent of the species of Astragalus. Had the genus any considerable development at that time, particularly in the line of arid plants, Mexico would now show the greatest number of species and the most differentiation, while in fact its species are relatively few and confined mostly to the Micranthi and allied groups though its diversity of climates, humidity and soil condition is greater than in the United States. This would indicate a differentiation after the close of the Glacial period and not before. Whether thes9 early Astragali passed the generic limits into Colutea and Crotalaria etc. is not capable of proof, but is unlikely, since the gap is too great. Following the uniform rule the Arctic meadows that laid next the ice sheet and extended from Ocean to Ocean must have formed a broad area through the southern States ot Missouri and Texas and over the low Plains of Arizona, New Mexico and southern Nevada and around the Sierras into the two big valleys of western Califor- nia, and into the Columbia Basin around Lake Columbia which then filled most of the Basin. This was an ideal climate for the 33 Alpini and the cold region Homalobi. The Homalobi must have been represented by A. campestris and montanus, (both of which are alpine still in some forms), throughout as is shown by their strand- ed occurrence now in isolated i)laces from the mountains of New Mexico and the MogoUons of Arizona to the Sierras. A. tenellus followed a little later along the forest area. The Alpini surely were there in A. andinus, Labradoricus and elegans which are similarly but not so widely distributed. A. aboriginum followed a little later alon?; the forests, the present alpine forms seem to be derivatives from the lower altitude forms, though the type form belongs to the tundra region of the far north and is confined to it. This species had a wide distributon as is shown by its occurrence on isolated peaks from Colorado to the Sierras, but if it ever reached far south it must now be represented by the Strigalosi in that region and which are natural derivatives from this group or the true Alpini, as is the grouii Atrati, of the central plateau region. The Hypoglottides group was. represented by A. agrestis, a modi- fication of A. Hypoglottis of Europe, of Arctic and subalpine meadows as is shown by distribution similar to that of the Alpini. Ths speces has secured a tolerance enablng it to thrive even as low as the ujiper limit of the Lower Temperate life zone in cold meadows throughout the Great Plateau almost to Mexico. A. nitidus seems to be a later offshoot of the dry Plains of the north in Montana and eastward, and A. Austinse and the Chsetodontes occupy similar regions in the Columbia Basin and the Sierras, and A. Yukoncnsis in the far north. The Debiles group seems to have been there in A. Bourgvovii and polaris but the only derivatives now left at the south are A. deb- ilis and leptaleus which have a wide distribution but are local or rare in wet meadows and descending into the Middle Temperate life zone from central Colorado to central Utah and northwestward to the Columbia Basin. The presence of Arctic species in such widely separated regions as the alpine peaks of mountains from Arizona northward, separated by arid areas, and so remote from the present Arctic was fully ex- plained by the pamphlet of Gray and Hooker on their transcontinen- tal trip in the later seventies, also by me in 1883 in the "Origin of the Flora of the Great Basin," and in Contributions No. 13, and by others later. The only rational explanation is the one there given that of migration following the close of the Ice age, and is demon- strated by geological history beyond the possibility of dis])ute. The present isolation is simply the invasion of a hotter climate due to teological or astromomical changes which kill the native vegeta- tion and drive its progeny farther up the mountains along with 'he climate to which it is adai)ted till either the vegetation is all killed by the petiks not being high enough to support a suitable -"limate or the Arctic growth is confined to narrow limits near and ■^t the tops. To attempt to account for these islands of Arctic vegeta- ''on on the high peaks by bird and other animal distribution and " "ind action is not tenable. The various modifications of the high ■")eak climates caused by surrounding aridity below is shown by such •species as A. Austinse and the Chaetodontes from A. agrestis, and ''rom A. Bourgovii, etc. The Inflati seem to have been offshoots of the Debiles during he forest period of the flo^r of the Gre-U Basin, a'ul were represented 'ty A. pauciflorus and miser. The great characteristic of this group 's its rapid differentation as the climate grew warmer, and its almost total lack of differentation in the forest areas of the north. 34 A. Hookerianus and Cottoni being almost the only species of cold climates (A. Ciisickii and jejunus are hot climate modifications of the Hookerianus branch). A. platytropis is of doubtful origin, prob- ably an invasion from warmer regions. The present distribution of the Mollissimi would indicate their general distribution in Glacial time on the plains of Mexico and this would account for the differentiation of the group since then by isola- tion In the mountains, being forced up from the Lower Temperate life zone then prevalent on the plains to the same zone now pre- vailing in the mountains. A. Bigelovii and mollissimus are the only species still prevailing on thv plains. The occurrence of A. nitidus would indicate its presence then on far southern plains in the Middle Temperate life zone and its dif- ferentiation into the Uliginosi at a very early time. The fact that it does not exist out of the sodded region seems to indicate a lack of access, barriers, in that region, (the Great Basin and Columbia region) but no such barriers exist, though its congener A. agrestis is freely distributed there. The explanation is found in the narrow soil adaptabiity of the species, it will grow in moist me.-^idows. or anywhere but in the peculiar free drainage and small rainfall of the plains, which conditions are not found in the Great Basin. This is shown again by the great dissimilarity in the species of the same zone under apparently similar conditions, and in the absence of many such species in the Sierras, which indicates a much greater climatic diversity than appears on a casual inspection. This is easily understood on inspection of the rainfall curve which shows a great lack in summer rainfall in the region west of the sodded area where though the annual amount is the same, the bulk falls in the summer in the podded area and in the winter (out of the growing season) in the Pacific drainage. The total Arctic and alpine species are eight. The meager nv^i- ber of species in all genera and their close relation to those of the forest area do not permit the separation of this treeless region from the other, except as a subdivision of the Upper Temperate life zone as a whole. The Upper Temperate life zone, also called the spruce zone which extends from the treeless regions at the north to the deciduous oaks and the upper limit of the sagebrush, and (in Colorado and the Great Basin) the lower limit of the aspen, must have disappeared from the plains of Arizona and northern Mexico giving way to prairies, and fringed the Mogollon slopes and the low^er Sierra foot ard higher plains as (fhe / rntic flora climbed the mountains on the gradual recession of the Ice Age. The forest flora covered the plains region from Kansas eastward. The wet rreadows and similar open spaces and the rocky regions were the only places where Astragali could thrive. The modified ff^rms of A. campestris and montanus evidently grew on the rocks. The new form coming in and adapted to the forests A. tenellns is cosmopolitan and must have come in at this time as shown by its present distribution. It was a marked deviation from the campestris type though not a greajt one and presages the Inflati in A. pauciflorus which dries black in the same way and is not far removed from it genetically. At this time the Alpini show differentiation in A. elegans, abori- ginum and Americanus, forms adapted to the forest areas. MIDDLE TEMPERATE LIFE ZONE With the advent of the Middle Temjjerate climate from the south climbing over the southern slopes of the Great Basin and rejilacing the dense forests with oaks and open parks and i)rairies and supple- mented by the mountain barriers and hot lower regions as barriers there arose many isolated areas with peculiar climates suitable for plant differentiation. The regions of Arizona, southern Nevada and 35 California replaced the oaks with junipers, pinons, and sagebrush. What was the Middle Temperate flora of the Arizona and Mexican plains while the Spruce flora filled the Great Basin region, never will be known, but this much we know, there was little plant differentia- tion. A. argophyllus seems to have branched off the Flexuosi. A. mollissimus and Humboldtii represented the Mollissimi; A. nitidus the Hypoglottides; A. Canadensis the Uliginosi, bu't none of these seem to have differentiated farther, since all the changes seem to have come later when this flora had ascended the mountains of Mexico and the Great Basin. Probably the Alpini were replaced by the Strigulosi, for the Strigulosi do not occur northward. It is prob- able that the Debiles branched from the Homalobi at this time, for these plants belong rather to the wet meadows of the Middle Tem- perate than higher. At the same time the Plains region seems to have seen the origin of the Flexuosi and the first of the Hamosi and Mi- cranthi. There is goi d evidence that the Homalobi expanded at this time in the junceus group, but the great change in the group did not occur till the Middle Temperate flora occupied the Great Basin and the flanks of the Mogollons and Sierras as is shown by present distribution. The great fresh water lakes of the Great Basin and Columbia region began to dry up at this time, and the oncoming alka- linity put an end to the acid soils of the forests and of the forests them- selves and all that flora. The spruce area now was confined to the lower mountain slopes and higher valleys of the Great Basin and to the Idaho region and the middle slopes of Colorado. The drying up of the great lakes put an end to the water distribution from the Wasatch to the Sierras and from Western Montana to^ the Cascades, a feature so characteristic of the water period, and for the first time the ele- ment of barriers began to be felt in east and west distribution, and became more prominent as the aridity progressed. That the Middle Temperate flora was differentiated somewhat since the Lower Tem- perate has crowded it off the floor of the Great Basin and up the ad- jacent mountains is evident, but there is little evidence of any change at the north. A. campestris has given way to simplicifolius, sericoleu- cus, triphyllus and forms of montanus on the Plains, and in the Mogol- lon region to A. humillimus and humistratus and the latter species has even invaded the southern flanks of the Great Basin. A. simplici- folius has spread through western Wyoming to the edge of the Great Basin and covered the lower flanks of the Uintas on both slopes, on the sou\th slope a new form appears in A. detritalis. A. montanus has become adapted to almost every form of climate prevailing in the Great Basin in its various varieties, growing even in the edge of .the Tropical. A. junceus has split up in the Sierras into Californl- cus and inversus; and in the Navajo Basin into Duchesnensis and Col- toni and which also run down inito the Lower Temperate with other derivatives such as Episcopus and Woodruffi. A new form A. steno phyllus presaging the Collini has come in on the northwest of the Great Bnsin and throughout the Columbia region. A. montanus seems to have had another offshoot in the Columbia region In A. tegetarioi- des. The long continued isolation due to bnrriers, the climatic changes, sparseness of vegetation and absence of crowding, and struggle to har- UKinize with increasing alkalinity and temperature h.'is produced many new forma, 'i he Navajo B;is:n the newest geologically h;ii are most local and only Pattersor.i passes its borders a little, and Preussii only has any considerable distribution in the the Great Basin. A. Mortoni is generally distributed, A. Brandegei and straturensis are local. These are not of the Preussii. Of the Argaphylli A. cymboides, des- peratiis and Musiniensis are local, pygmasus nearly go extends to the Mogollons, while Utahensis and Purshii cover the region to the Sierras. Of the Mollissimi A. Bigelovii alone extends through to eastern Nevada and southward. Of the Ocreati every species is local except confertiflorus which runs up into the Green River Basin. Of the Bisulcati A. Osterhouti only is local, and Haydenianus extends only to central Nevada. Of the Lonchocarpi the single type species extends only to central Nevada. Of the Hamosi A. ('alycosus extends throughout the Great Plateau. Out of the forty seven species twenty six are local and half the rest are only slightly extra-limital, and only two or three go to the Arizona deserts. Of the Green River Basin (to the north of the Uintas) there is one exclusive species A. Grayi. The species of the Great Basin show siniillar localization. Out of its thirty nine species and about twenty varieties A. serpens of the Inflati is local; of the Podo-sclerocarpi Casei, pterocapus,tetrapterus. Serenoi, Toanus are local; of the Inflati Beckwithii is uearly local. Of other groups are forms of arrectus ati-atus, pinonis, iodantus. malacus. Anderson! are exclusive or nearly so, or abuot fifteen out of forty seven forms, while nearly a dozen more are only a little extra-limital. In the Columbia Basin A. speirocarpus, sclerocarpus, inflexus and succumbens are local out of fourteen species. In the Rio Grande region only Feensis and oocalycis are Ic^cal. due to lack of barriers. In the Mogolion plateau region the Homalobi have A. Gilensis as an exclusive; the Inflati have nutans, allochrous, Palmeri, Thur- beri; the Lotiflori A. accumbens. Other groups have Cobrensis, re- curvus, remulcus, Phoenicis, funereus, coccineus, ensiformis, Arizonicus. The Sierra Madre region has scalaris and Goldmani as exclusives. In the Plains region the only exclusives are lotiflorus, anisus, pectinatus and parviflorus. The eastren region has villosus, Tennesseensis, distortus and possibly glaber as exclusives. The Sierra region has few exclusives such as bicristatus, pachypus, Bernardinus, with Andersoni and Gibbsii nearly so. The total species in this life zone are 152 or 35 per cent of the whole. This life zone ocupying the center of the Great Plateau has barely got a footing in the center of the Columbia Basin and extends but little north of Pueblo Colorado. At the south it has been exterminated at all elevations below 3,00o 'jt. in the Utah-Nevada region, and at all elevations below 4000 ft. in the Arizona region, the Tropical takin-? its place. This has resulted in broad fringes around nearly all the mountain ranges at the south and limited by live oaks. 40 TROPICAL LIFE ZONE. The Tropical life zone has displaced the Lower Temperate Ihroughoat the floor of the Great Plateau from Albuquerque, New Mexico southward, from the head of the Colorado in a narrow strip to the south of the Grand canon, from Springdale, Utah, along the Rio Grande and westward through the low valleys of Nevada to the ■ierras neai- Harv.thornn. Nevada. It also occupies the floor of the two great valleys of California, and the Coast line trom near Mendocino southward. It is clearly an immigrant fro.m far southward as its localized flora shows. The Asltragaline flora is practically all of the arid Tropical division. Its 120 species or 28 per cent of the whole would seem to indicate fi period of great 'lUTerontiation but when we consider that the break between the Tropical and Temperate floras is an enormous one, far greater than any other divisions, we see that Astragalus has not kept pace with other genera, but its differentiation is insignificant considering the opportunities for change. A hot climate and varying humidity are ideal for plant differentiation. Had Astragalus had any wide pre-glacial distribution at the south the Tropical life zone would have shown many times the species that the Temperate ones show. On the other hand everything shows that what Tropical species we have are derivatives from the cold climates, and their offshoots. The only cosmopolitan species are A. lentiginosus and Nuttallianus whose distribution is mostly affected by wind movement. The majority of the species are annuals and belong to the higher groups. At the nonth most of the species are those that belong in the Ixjwer Temperate life zone but extend down into the Tropical such as A. Episcopus, sabulonum, triquetrus, Preussii, tephrodes, Zionis, amphioxys, Arizonicus. Along the central floor of the region we find A. aridus, sabulonum, rarious forms of lentiginosus, Mohavonsis, Preussii, Panamintensis, atratus var., coccineus, tephrodes, albens. acut5ros^tris, dispermus and didymocarpus. The Mojave region adds A. Vaseyi, limatus. The Texsr, region has leptocarpus, giganteus, Wrightii, Brazoensis, Lindheimeri. The Californian valleys have a peculiar flora due to the proximity to the Ocean, mostly forms of the Inflati, though some Isolated forms occur such as A. tricarinatus an inland form, Antiselli, pychnostachyus of the salt marshes and Brauntoni near by, with A. Hornii. The dry TRlleys have capillipes, curvipes Douglasii, leucophyllus, leucopsis, macrcdon. Miguelensis, oxyphysus, Pomonensis, trichopodus, vestituts of the Inflati. The Preussii have oocarpus. The Hamosi have Traskias, Nevinii, didymocarpus, dispermus and nigrescens. Th2 Mexican region has Pasqualensis, Pueblae, quinqueflorus, Doug- lasii, Jr:Iian;!3, leucopsis, Miguelensis, Magdalenae, proriferus. vestitus, metanus. triflorus, circumdatus, reptans, Rosei. Guatamalonsis, Anton- inus, Orizab£e, orthaiithus, Arizonicus, Coahuilas, Orcuttianus, Fran- cisquetensis, leptocarpus, Nuttallianus, nothoxys, Chapalanus, Esper- enzsB, orvoides, Greggii, hypoleucus, hypoxylus, Luisianus. parvus. Pringlei, Purijusi. Schaffneri, Saltonis, didymocarpus, Ang(>linus and fliphacus. Th life zones of half these species are not clearly made out and may belong higher in the Lower Temperate or even some in the Middle Temperate. The forms which occur only on the Lower California coast are Douglasii, Julianus, leucopsis, Magdalenas, prori- ferus, vestitus, Insularis, metanus, Hornii, cirmumdatus, Orcuttianus, Francisquetensis. 41 BARRIERS. It should be borne in mind that only the "Wasatch^ TJintaa and Kocky Mountains and southern Arizona floor were above the Ocean at ■ 0!' north in i)re-Tertiary times. Then the whole Plateau was el» vated. The great Plains emerged. The Navajo Basin was drained. The lofty i iateau of the Great Basin dropped many thouixands of f'.'et to its present elevation and all its valleys drained to the Colorado. The ercsicn of the Colorado tilted up the southern end of the Great Basin till the Colorado drainage ceased and the Basin filled up with tvo vnst lakes, Lahontan on the west and Bonneville on th» east. The Columbia region was filled by Lake Columbia. These facts had an important bearing on the later distribution of the flora of the Great Plateau, from the Rockies to the Sierras. Toward the close of the Ice age there was easy access of plants from the east and we:it as far south as central Utah along the Uin- tas, through lakes Bonneville and Lahontan to the Sierras, and from the Yellowstone region to the edge of the Columbia lake along the present Snak'.^ river valley which was an arm of that lake at that time, and from there to the Cascades by water trausportatioa. The Rocky Mountains also at the south swung round by continuous flora from New Mexico by the Mogollons to the Kaibab and nortti- ward along the Wasatch Plateau to the Bonneville region. It. v/as only at the close of (the great lakes perioid that the element of barriers became at all effective in stoppage of plant migration. LOCAL FLORAS. Local floras, a comprehensive name for plant formations, often containing many minor plant formations, are caused by barrien which may be temperature, humi'lity, alkalinity, acidity, light or soil, or mountain chains, wind mnvpments and the like. In 1895 I published in my pl-:nt schedules a complete list of these local floral regions in all the life zones, of the Great Plateau. As I have stated humidity is the greatest factor in determining plant formations and local floras. The Great Plateau is readily divisible into faur well marked groups. The Rocky Mountain region which extends from Santa Fe New Mexico along the Atlantic watershed to the far north; The Paci- fic slope region extending from Central Montana westvv-ard and southward to the Ocean and the Mogollons; the Pncific Coast region from San Francisco southward; The Albuquerque and the Arizona-Mexi- can plateau region from the lower Colorado to Texas and southward. The first is a region of spring and early summer rains, the so*dded area, and extends to the Atlantic. The second is the region of win- ter rains fnd midsummer showers or none, the sodless region. The fourth is the region of fall and late summer rains. The third is the region cf winter rains. All these general floras are remarkably distinct. Each on'^ nf these grand divisions Is readily separable into subdivisions according to conditions. I will ^.nke up a few of the more important here. The NavTiio Basin is the most imique of rll loc.il floras. It wa» the floor of n very snlt Inland sea in the Jurassic which became les-^ salt in the Cretaceous period. Upon it vast sandstones were laid down, and upon these vast clay beds. This Basin Is formed by th* watershed of the upper Colorado from the Grand Canon north. It really includes the Green River Basin of Wyoming which is cut off from it by the Uinta Mountains, but which I keep distinct for 42 climato'logical reasons. The rapid erosion of the Colorado river and its two confluents the Gi'and and Green have left precipitous walls about 2000 feet high on the west and north and east, and on the south high dome like uplifts and groat box canons. The flcor of the basin is from 4000 to 5000 feet elevation, the western crest 8000 feet, the north 12000 feet, the east 10000 f<-et, while the south exclusive of the canons Is 5000 to 6000 feet. The great barriers efftciLually cut off moisture from almost any region and the rainfall is little over 4 inches per annum, while the relative humidity is often 10 per cent. There are a few summer showers and there is some snow in the winter or an occasional shower. The annual temperature runs from about 49 de- grees at the north to nearly 60 degrees at the south. There is rare- ly a foot of snow at any one time at the north and none at any time at the south. There are heavy spring frosts at the north, and no permanent winter snow cover. The soil from the center north- ward and westward is a loose and highly alkaline gray clay. Fn ith of the center it is all a light and deep red sand, carrying much alknli. The low rainfall and humidity makes it seem like an absolute desert. It is the nearest to it of any region in Ithe west except the salt aren forty miles wide west of Great Salt Lake. This region is traversed by the Grand, Green, Duchesne, Fremont, San Rafael, Dolores rn'l San Juan rivers, all of which canon more or less below the floor, Wherever the waters can be taken out upon the land the soil be- comes very fertile after about three years' leaching of the alkali. The floor of the region is covered by the Lower Temi)erate flora; the deep canons from the head of the Colorado down by the Troiii- cal. The high walls have the Middle Temperate. The Astragaline flora is unique. On the clay plains and particularly along little draws A. asclepiadoides stands erect mostly singly or in twos fro'^i a deep ta]) root, with its large shiny leaves, and having almost exactly the habit of Asclepias crytoceras. but more erect, which grows in the saino region. A. amiuillarius has much the same habit farther south. The coarse and tufted A. Pattcrsoni grows much the same b't prefers bottoms. A. sabulosus a close relative of Pattersoni grows where alkali seeps out of stiff slopes. A. Haydenianus grows aro'nn irrigation ditches and along trails as if an immigrant but appears more at home on the edges of oak brush higher up. On gentle slopes and where there is a little sand mixed in A. confertiflorus grows In small tufts, and where there is more sand A. argillosus grows along with it with much the same habit. Along the ridges where there is more or less loose sandstone rock A. Preussii grows singly or nearly so. On the ridges themselves the variety Eastwoodfe grows with tufted habit and low. Tn the crevices of flat or gently sloping sandstones masses A. desperatus is at home. . In the loose sand along the bottoms and in gulches A. pubentissimus grows singly and flat on the ground as a winter annual. Tn the canons in sand A. Moencoppensis is local and rare. On open sand stretches and in drifting sand A. pictus is scattered here and there. The densely tufted A. Episcopus prefers sand with rock close below, and A. Woodruffi prefers sand dunes, with its innumerable wiry stems and masses of purple bloom. A. montanus sometimes grows from crev- ices of hot rocks. A. Coltoni abounds on gravelly mesas among the pinons and sometimes on the rocks. A. detritalis grows in gravelly draws near Theodore. A. lutosus is found in tight crevices on bare rocks near Dragon. A. junceus grov/s on gravelly mesas as does A. Wingatensis. A. sesquiflorus grows in mats in the wide crevicp • of hot sandstones at Kanab. Brandegei and straturensis grow :n 43 the shnde of oak brush, the former also In abandoned fields. A. Blmplicifoiius is rare on bare mesas at the north. A. Geyevi and lentiginosiis are scattered over the sandy plains. A. subeiufroia replaces pictus at the south. A. megacarpus is rare along th<^ ti^oh draws and in the edge of the oak zone in very barren clay. A. urn- phiovys is frequent over the sandy plains, as is A. pygmseus at the north. A. cymboides and Musiniensis frequent the gravelly mesas. A. Utahensis and Purshii are rare higher up, in the gravel. A. sropulorum occurs in the oak brush. A. debilis grows in high uiea- dops as does A. argophyllus. A. lonchocarpus grows on alkaline and sandy flats and slopes. The uniis'"il spruce zone species occur on the high Tiepk" b'lt tbey are not distinctive. The effect of barriers Is such that the whole flora is very j-eculiar. Very few species ex- tend -ivp" to tho Rio Grande drainage beyond the San Juan. A. as- clepiadoides. Coltoni, lonchocarpus. Megacarpus and Hayden-; ianus pass over the Wasatch Plateau into the edge of the Great Rasiu, Only A. Geyeri and lentiginosiis are of general distribution, caused evidently by winds from up the Colorado. A few species come in from the north around the Uintas such as confertiflorus. pygma^us and simplicifollus, but only the latter is a real immigrant as Hie others have migrated out rather than in. A. calycosus has come in from the Great Basin. A. tenellus has come down from the high peaks. A. Utahensis and Purshii are evidently immigrants, as is A. argophyllus. It is interesting to note the effects of certain ecolo- gical factors on the development of certain species . Astragalus de- speratus is normally a densely tufted plant from a woody crown and about six inches high, with long leaves and many leaflets and long peduncles having many densely racemose flowers about 1 cm. long. This is when it grows in wide crevices in the sandstone rocks. When It grows in loose sand areas on the rocks and near them it is much the same but mostly prostrate in mats. When growing In tight and narrow crevices which is the common state on bare rocky knolls or eroded and gently sloping rocks it is reduced to a rosette often only % inch wide with short leaves and few leaflets and short peduncles with only a flower or two and a single mottled pod. The flowers are 'then hardly larger than A. raontanus and broad, and the general appearance is that of the tegetarius variety, the whole closely resembling A. humilliraus but with few stems and not densely matted in broad mats. On the Tropical part of the Navajo Basin annual Inflati come in, on the sandy stretches. This Basin belongs in the second grand division. The Green River Basin of Wyoming is a little area with the same badland soil as the upper Navajo Basin, but is far colder. Its flora is peculiar, with several distinct forms, but in Astragali is not worth mentioning except one form, A. Grayi, a derivative from A. pectinatus. . Its climate is a mixture of the Atlantic and Pacific hu- midity and rainfall. The northern Plains region has a meager Astragaline flora, be- longs to the first grand division and is caused chiefly by wind movement and the low rainfall and temperature of the trough along the east base of the Rockies. The Columbia Basin is an Interesting croup of the Pacific grand division of floras. Its factors are mountain isolation, snow cover except in the center in winter, rather high spring humidity continuing more or leys through the summer, and almost total absence of sum- mer rains. This insures a copious spring flora, and a consplcuoua grass cover but no sod. There is a limited alkaline area In narrow stretches where few recullar Podo-sclerocarpl flourish. The gras* region sujjports the Collini and Reventl-Arrectl. and some Argo- 44 phylll and Horaalobi. The Oregon-Washington coast region is a normally forested area with no distincitve flora and no Astragaline importance. The Siskiyou region of southern Oregon is a very small and iso« lated area caused by barriers and rather low humidity but not worth any special treatment here. The Great Basin region belongs with the Pacific group and is easily separated into the Bonneville and Lahontan. or the eastern and western part, embracing the area that does not drain to the Colorado or the Columbia. It is a high plateau region with parallel mountain ranges about a mile high every twenty miles and running north and south, bounded on the north by the low sagebrush and juniper hills of the Columbia drainage, on the east by the lofty Wnsatch range and its Wasatch Plateau extension at the south, on the south by no bnrriers but the Troi)ical climate of the Colorado and on the west by the Sierras. The flora is quite different from other regions. There i-; much intergrnding at the north, some at the east and w-est and little at the south. The annual temperature ranges from '}?> degrees to 50 desrrees on the floor, the humidity from 25 per cent to 49 per cent, and rai-^fall from 6 to 12 inches on the floor. The soil is gravelly, with very little sand, and there are wide areas in the centers of the valleys with alkaline clays. There is no river system except the Humboldt on the west and the Jordan, Sevier, and the Bear on the east. It is a re- gion of scattered springs and short sinking streams. The upper Snake river region has much in common with the Great Basin but really be- longs in the Columbia drainage. . Its flora has a few peculiarities. The Bonneville section is characterized in its Astragaline flora by me great development of the Argophylli, to which its soil and e"- vation are peculiarly adapted. The alkaline areas have few s^ec'es A. Toanus being about the only peculiar species, though A. tetrap- terus ero-^'s where there is a little alkali, A. Wardii and serpens Ere other peculiar species of the Sevier region. The Lahontan sec- tion is characterized by an excessive development of the Podo-sclero- carpi in the alkaline part, such as A. Serenoi, a canonis, pterocarpus, Casei: the Malaci occur on the gravelly mesas, also Andersoni. Gib- bsii, etc. The Mojave-Cclorado river region from Springdale Utah to the Sierras and southward to Mexico contains a peculiar florn. with ni'vuy local branches and yet all are connected in a general whole hard to separate. The region is one of great temperature and mininnm hu- midity and almost no rainfall. Its flora appears only in the spring and often for years at a time does not develop at all worth mention. Each subdivision of the region has a few. prselongus, forms of lenti- pinosus and amphioxys, Laynese, Zlonis, remulcus. The Amargosa Desert-Death Valley region has A. Mohavensis. albens, Panaminteu^is, triquetrus, acutirostris. The Mojave-Salton Sink region has A. lima- tus. Vaseyi, aridus, Thurberi, Palmeri, etc. The soil of this region Is almost wholly sand. There are many forms of A. lentiginosus, and other more widely distributed species. The Arizona-New Mexican floor has a similar climate to the above but very different in the summer and fall rains which clothe the plains with verdure. Many species of Astragalus grow there, but few are local. We have A. nothoxys, Arizonicus, tephrodes, etc. The soil is mostly sand on the floor and gravel on the slopes. This belongs to the fourth grand division. The Texan plains belong in the same division of fall rains and have a number of peculiar species, mostly annuals, such as A. lepto carpus, Lindhelmeri, Brazoensis. reflexus, giganteus, Wrightii, etc. The Mexican Plateau is also a division of fall rains and has ?n- 45 numerable subdivisions and many peculiar species. There are the Chihuahua plains, the Yaqui-Sonora region on the floor, and •.':i the high plateaus are many valleys and mountain ranges with interest- ing floras. The most imi)ortant are Sierra Madre plateau, the Coa- huila ranges, the Mt. Colima region, the Valley of Mexico and simi- lar valleys of central Mexico, Popocatapetl, the San Luis Potosi re- gion, the Lake Chapala region, and others. Passing from the floor of the Great Plateau we find far less species differentiation, but almost every range of mountains has a distinctive flora more or less separate from any other. The Colora- do Rocky Mountains are interesting and include the Yellowstone on the north and New Mexican on the South to Santa Fe. There is the Glacier Park region of Montana, the Blue Mountains of Oregon, the Sawtooth and Bitterroots of Idaho and Montana, the Wasatch and Uintas of Utah, the Deei) Creek in western Utah, the Schell Creeks and Clover mountains of eastern Nevada and the West Humboldts of western Nevada, and also the Malheur range, the Pioche region, the Charleston peaks, the Funeral and Panamint mountains, the Pro- vidence range, the White mountains of California, the Cascades, the Coast range, the Sierras, the San Bernardinos, the San Jacintos, San Pedro Martir, Mogollons, Sandias. Catalinas, Santa Ritas, Chiricahuas, Huachucas, Floritas, and several ranges in western Texas. It would be too tedious to go into the floras of each, and in addition they are only local and feather into the adjoining regions. The distribution of Astragalus at the far north has nothing of importance. A few species range throughout the forest region to the tundras of the Arctic. There are no distinct floral regions worthy of note beyond the Saskatchewan, nor has the Atlantic region any significance beyond the usual life zone limits. The peaks of New Eng- land have a few alpine and high latitude species. 46 LIST OF SPECIES BY LIFE ZONES AND LOCAL FLORAS. UPPER TEMPERATE LIFE ZONE. ALPINE AND ARCTIC. ARCTIC Debiles. Polaris. Yukonensis. Inflati. Gormani. Alpini. andinus. Labradoricus. Americanus. Alpinus ALPINE IN BRIT- ISH AMERICA. Homalobi. campestris Debiles. Bourgovii. Alpini. andinus. Labradoricus. aboriginum. ALPINE ATLAN- TIC. Alpini. Labradoricus. COLORADO-YEL- LOWSTONE. Homalobi. campestris. niontanus. Alpini. andinus. Labradoricus. UINTA. Homalobi. campestris. niontanus. Alpini. andinus. WASATCH. Homalobi. campestris. montanus. Alpini. andinus. Inflati. serpens. EAST HUMBOLDT. Homalobi. montanus. Alpini. Labradoricus. aboriginum. BLUE MOUNTAINS Homatobi. campestris. montanus. MOGOLLONS. Homalobi. campestris. montanus. SIERRAS. Homalobi. campestris. montanus. Inflati. HooRerianus. Alpini. andinus. 47 SPRUCE ZONE. BRITISH AMERI- CAN. Homalobi. campestris. tenellus. Debiles. Buurgovii. debilis. Inflati paucifloriis. Alpini. andinus. aljoriginum. elegans. Americanus. Hypoglottides. agrestis. COLCRADO-YEL- LOWSTONE. Hon-.arobi. campestris. montaniis. tenellus. Debiles. deoilis. leptaleus. Infiati. pauciflorus. Alpini. andinus. aboriginum. elegans. Americanus. Hypoglottides. agrestis. Strigulosi. platytropis. UINTA. Homalobi. montanus. campestris. tenellus. Alpinr. andinus. Hypoglottides. agrestis. WASATCH. Homalobi. campestris. montanus. tenellus. Alpini. anaiu'is. Hypoglo-iides. agr-sl:3. NEW .ENGLAND. Alpini. andinus. Lnbra''oricus. EAST H'JM- BOLDTS. Homalobi. carjpestris. mcpfrnus. teneTlus. Alpini. andinus. Labradoricus. aboriginum. Hypoglottides. agrestis. Strigulosi. platytropis. BLUE MOUNTAINS Homalobi. campestris. montanus. tenellus. Debiles. Bourgovii. debilis. Alpini. anainus. aboriginum. Hypoglottides. agrestis. CASCADE-OLYM- PICS. Homalobi. campestris. tenellus. AlpinF. andinus. Inflati. Cottoni. Hypoglottides. agrestis. SIERRAS. Homarobi. campestris. tenellus. Inflati. HooKerianus. Reventi-Arrect.i. Bolanderi. Hypoglotitdes agrestis. Chastodontes. Attstinee. Strigulosi. platytropis. NEW MEXICAN Homalobi. campestris. tenellus. Alpini. andinus. Hypoglottides. agrestis. MOGOLLONS. Homalobi. tenellus. HypogTottides. agrestis. 48 MIDDLE TEMPERATE LIFE ZONE. ATLANTIC SLOPE DIVISION. EASTERN STATES. Ulig7nosi. Canadensis. neglectus. ArgophyMi. Missouriensis. Sarcocarpi. crassicari)iis. Plattensis. COLORADO-MON- TANA PLAINS. Homaro"ji. niontanus. sim])licifolius. sericoleucus. campestris. junceus. tenellus. Triphylli. triphyllus. hyaTlnus. Oebiles. Bourgovii. debilis. leptaleus. Inflati. pauciflorus. . miser. Alpini, aboriginum. Lotiflori. lotiflorus. Podo-Sclerocarpi pectinatus. Uliginosi. Canadensisi. Hypoglottides. agrestis. nitidus. Flexuosi. flexuosus. parviflorus. Argophylli. cibarius. Missouriensis. Parryi. Shortianus. Sarcocarpi. crassicarpus. Striguiosi. platytropis. Bisuncatl. bisulcatus. Galegiformes. Drummondii. raceraosus. Sparsiflori. sparsiflorus. Pacific Slope Division. UINTA. Homalobi. siniplicifolius. sericoleucus. montanus. junceus. Debiles. . debilis. Triphylli. triphyllus. Inflati. .iejunus. megacarpus. Uliginosi. Canadensis. Hypog'ottides. agrestis. Argophylli. argophyllus. Utaliensis. Purshii. Podo-Sclerocarpi Galegiformes. Drummondii. scopulorum. WASATCH. Homalobi. Grayi. can-ipestris. junceus. montanus. tenellus. huniTstratus. Debires. debilis. Inflati. serpens. oocarpus. megacarpus. Uliginosi. Canadensis. Argophylli. argophyllus. Utahensis. Purshi. cibarius. Galegiformes. Drummondii. scopulorum. EAST HUM- BOLDTS. Homalobi. junceus. tenellus. Uliginosi. Canadensis. Hypoglottides. agrestis. Argopnylli. Iltahenais. cibarius. Purshii. 49 MIDDLE TEMPERATE LIFE ZONE. Pacific Slope Division. EAST HUM- BOLDTS. Strigulosi. platytropis. Hamosi. calycosus. COLUMBIA BASIN. Homalobi. campestris. montanus. stenophyllus. tenellus. tegetarioides. Debiles. debilis. Bourgovii. Inflati. Cralgi. miser. pauciflorus. lentiginosus. Cusickii. diurnus. Beckwithii. Collini. collinus. Tweedyi. Gibbsii. speirocarpus. Alvordensis. Reventi-Arrecti. ar rectus, adanus. reveutus. vallaris. Uliginosi. Canadensis, terminalis. Oreganus. Hypryglotltides. agrestis. nitidus. Chsstodontes. Spaldingii. Lyallii. Argophylli. argopliyllus. inflexus. cibarius. Ulaliensis. Purshll. At rati. atratus. Salmonis. Malaci. malacus. Hamosi. Mulfordas. ArtTiuri. Howellii. drepanolobas. Sarcocarpi. crassicarpus. Bisulcati. bisulcatus. SIERRAS. Homalobi. Californicus. inversus, stenophyllus. Inflati. Hookerianus. Reventi-Arrecti, Bolanderi. Hypoglottides. agrestis. Chaetodontes. Austinae. Argophylli. Webberi. iodanthus. Purshii. Hamosi. sylvaticus. Congdoni. Andersoni. Inflati. lentiginosus. Strigulosi. platytropis. Uliginosi. Canadensis. Malaci. malacus. Micranihi. liOmmoni. lentiformis. ARIZONA-MEXICAN DIVISION. MOGOLLONS. Homalobi. humillimus. humistratus. montanus. Flexuosi. gracilentus. Fendleri. Sileranus. Argophylli. pephragmenus. castauaeformis. Mollissimi. mollissimus. Bigevoii. Phoenicis. CATALINAS. Homalobi. humistratus. Micrantht. Hartwegi. MEXICAN PLAT- EAU. strigulosi. Guatamelensis. Painteri. Tolucanus. strigulosus. Hamosi. Scatoni. Micranthi. Hartwegi. inilitaris. etc. 50 LOWER T3MPSRATE LIFE ZONE. ATLANTIC SLOPE DIVISION. anssissippi VALLEY. Sarcocarpi. Platteusis. Mexicanus. Tonesseensis. Sparsiflori. villosus. obcordatus. Leptocarpi. distortus. glaber. PLAINS. Molliss:mi. anisus. mollissimus. Bigelovii. Sarcocarpi. Plattensis. Argophylli. Shortlanus. amphioxys. Feensis. Flexuosi. . flexuosus. gracilentus. Lotiflori. lotiflorus. NAVAJO BASIN. Homalobi. simplicifolius. montanus. detritalis. CoKoni. . Wingatensis. Duchesnensis. Episcopus. Woodruffi. junceus. Kaibensis. lancearius. sesquiflonis. Woodruffi. Inflati. Geyeri. lentiginosus. pictus. subcinereus. lutosus. pubentissimus. sabulonum. Wardi. Wetherilli. mogacarpus. oophorus. Preussii. ampullarius. asclepiadoides. Pattersonl. sabulosus. Preussii. Uliginosi. Canadensis. Pacific Slope Division. Strigulosi. Brandegei. straturensis. Podo-sclerocarpi. Rafaelensis. Argophylli. amphioxys. cymboides. Musiniensi. pygniffius. Utahensis. desperatus. . Mollissimi. Bigelvoii. Ocreati. argillosus. confertiflorus. Moer.coppensis. sophoroides. Bisulcati. Haydenianus. Osterhouti. Lonchocarpi. lonchocarpus. Hamosi. calycosus. GREEN RIVER BASIN. Homalobi. simplicifolius. sericoieucus. montanus. junceus. Inflati. Geyeri. lentiginosus. megacarpus. Podo-sclerocarpi Grayi. Argophylli. argophyllus. Utahensis. cibarius. pygmaeus. Ocreati. confertiflorus. Hamosi. calycosus. GREAT BASIN. Homalobi. moil I anus. stonophyllus. Coltonr. porrcctus. Inflati. pictus. Wardi. Geyeri. lentiginosus. oophorus. Beckwithii. megacarpus Preusii. Pattersoni. LOWER TEMPERATE LIFE ZONE. Pacific Slope Division. Podo-sclerocarpi. canonis. Serenoi. Toanus. pterocarpus. tetraptirus. Casei. Collini. Gibbsii, Preusii. Pattersoni. , Reventi-Arrecti. arrectus. Uliginosi. Canadensis. Atrati. atratus. Ibapensis. obscurus. Flexuosi. pinonis. Argophylli. argopbyHi^s. cibarius. Eiirekensis. iodanthus. NewberrjM. Purshii. Utahensis. Malaci. malacus. Laynese. rwollissimi. Bigievoii. Bjsulcati. Haydenianiis. Lonchocarpi. lonchocarpus. Hamosi. Audersoni. calycosus. sylvaticus. COLUMBL\ BASIN. Homalobi. junceus. stenophyllus. Inflati. Geyeri. lentiginosus. Beckwithii. Collini. Alvordensis. coillnus. Gibbsii. speirocarpus. Podo-sclerocarpi. sclerocarpus. Atrati. atratus. Argophylli. argophllus. infiexus. Purshii. Malaci. succumbens. SIERRAS. Homalobi. stenophyllus. Inflati. lentiginosus. oocarpus. Podo-sclerocarpi. bicristatus. pachypus. Preussii. Preussii. Argophylli. Purshii. Hamosi. Andersoni. Bernai .linns. COLORADO rive: DEATH VALLEY. Inflati. aridus. lentiginosus. nutans. pitcus. sabulonura. Preussii. Preussii. Podo-sclerocarpi. totrapterus. Argophylli. amphioxys. coccineus. funereus. remulcus. Malaci. Layneae. ensiformis. Lonchocarpi. lonchocarpus. Hamosi. calycosus. Leptocarpi. Nuttallianus. MOGOLLONS. Homalobi. humistratus. junceus. Wingatensis. Inflati allochorus. megacarpus. oophorus. subcinereus. Thur'oeri. triflorus. Uliginosi. Canadensis. MollTssimi. Bigelovii. Humboldtii. Mathewsii. mollissimus. Phoenicis. Argophylli. amphioxys. argophyllus. Newberryi. Lotiflori. accunibens. Oireati. Moencoppensis sophoroides. troglodytes. Han-rsi. calycosus. Arizonicus. Sthigulosi. strigjlosus. straturensis. recurvus. Inyoensis. 52 LOWER TEMPEP.i^TJS LIFE ZONE. ARIZONA-MEXICAN DIVISION. RIO GRANDE VAL - SOUT^iERN LEY. ARIZONA. Homalobi. Homalobi. hnniistratus. hunnsrratus. montanus. Gilensis. Inflati, Inflati. lentiginosiis. Palmrri. pictAis. Thurberi. subcinereus. Strigulosi. triflorus. stri.milosus. Argophylli. Mollissimi. aniphioxys. Bigelovii. Feensis. Humboldtii. Shortianiis. Micranthi. Galegiformes. vaccarum. raceraosus. Hartwegi. Bisulcati. liypoxylus. oocalycis. Hamosi. Uliginosi. Arizonicus. Canadensis. nothoxys. Mollissimi. moinssimus. Bigelovii. Strigulosi. Cobrensis SIERRA MADRE AND SOUTH Inflati. scalaris. Strigulosi. strigulosi. Mollissimi. P.igelovii. Humboldtii. Galjegirormes. racemosus. Micri,nthi. Goldmani. vaccarum. Hartwegi. mill::aris. Purpusi. Greggii. Priuglei. parvus. Esperanzae. Chapalanus. liypoxylus. Saiionis. hypoleucus. Seatoni. oxyrhynchus. Didymocarpi. diphacus. 53 TROPICAL LIFE ZONE. PACIFIC COAST DIVISION. Homalobi. Antiselli. Inflati. capillipes. curtipes. Douglasii. Hornii. leucopliyllus, leiicopsis. macrodon. oxyphysus. Miguelensis. Pomonensis. pychnostachyus. trichopodus. vestitus. Chaetodontes. Brauntoni. Hamosi. Traskiae. Nevinii. Bernardinus. Leptocarpl. tener. Micranthi, Clevelandi. Didymocarpi. didymocarpus. dispermus. nigrescens. Breweri. Pacific Slope Division. CALIFORNIA INTEKIOK Inflati. lentiginosus. Dovigiasii. Hornii. macrodon. vestitus. Hamosi. tricarinatus. Bernardinus. Leptocarpi. Nuttallianus. Rattani. tener. Didymocarpi. Breweri. didymocarpus. dispermus. nigrescens. ST. GEORGE REGION. Inflati. sabulonum. Geyerl. lentigninosus. Lotiflori. Mohavensis. Preussii. Preussii. Pattersoni. Argophylli. tephrodes. Layneae. Zionis. araphioxys. Hamosi. Arizonicus, triquetrus. Leptocarpi. Nuttallianus. Didymocarpi. dispermus. DEATH VALLEY REGION Inflati. aridus. sabulonum. lentiginosus. Atrati. Panamintensis. atratus. Lotifiori. Mohavensis. Hamosi. albens. Leptocaroi. Nuttallianus. tcutirostris. Didymocarpi. Didymocarpus. diseprmus. MO JAYE SALTON Inflati. aridub. Vaseyi. proriferus. sabulonum. lentiginosus.' Lotifiori. Mohavensis! Preussii. limatus. Hamosi. albens^ Leptocarpi. Nuttallianus. acutirostris. 54 TP.OPICAL LIFE Z0N2. ARIZOI^A-MEXICAN DIT.ISION. GILA REGION. Inflati. playanus. triflorus. lentiginosus. Leptocarpi. Nuttalliamis. Didymocarpi. didymocarpus. dispermus. TEXAN REGION. Mollissimi. giganteus. Leptocarpi. Nuttallianus. leptocarpus. Lindheimeri. Wrightii. Didymocarpi. Brazoensis. reflexus. MEXICAN. Homalobi. pasqiialensia. Pueblse. quinqueflorus. Inflati. Douglasii. Julianus. lentiginosus. leucopsis. Magdalense. proriferus. vestitus. Hornii. insuaris. triflorus. Lotiflori. circumdatus. Strigulosi. reptans. Rosei. Guatamalensis. Flexuosf. Antoninus. Moilitsimi. giganteus. Humboldtii. mollissimus. Orizabse. Oranthus. Galegiformes. racemosus. Hamosi. Arizonicus. Coabuilae. Greggii. Orcuttianus. Leptocarpi. leptocarpus. Linnheimeri. Nuttallianus. nothoxys. Francisquetenalh. Micranthi. ervoides. Luisianus. Purpusl. Didymocarpi. Angelinus. diphacus. EFFECTS OF CERTAIN ECOLOGICAL FACTORS Certain ecological factors can exist only under certain co«n- ditions. Acidity of the soil is possible only in cool regions where the vegetable humus is very dense, and where the humidity is great and the seasons short and sunshine below normal so far as the Astragaline flora is concerned. The species do not grow under acid 'tropical conditions, so far as known. This therefore confines such species to the upper life zones in forests and meadows. These species have slender stems and delicate thin leaves, slender petioles and pedc^ncles and delicate flowers nearly always purple, and seldom large. The pods are uniformly thin and mostly inflated. All the species are perennial with interlaced roots or root crowns and mostly woody crowns. Alkaline soil is possible only in regions of low humidity, rain- fall, and higher temperature and excessive sunshine. Such plants then always grow in the open and mostly on the floor cf valleys having no outlets or poor drainage, or on clayey slopes where alka- lies are leaching out of saline formations. This is very common in the Great Basin and around the extensive clay deposits of the Ter- tiary, Cretaceous and Jurassic formations. It also is local through- out the. floor of the Tropical life zone. The character of the alkali has much to do with the vegetation. About % of 1 per cent active alka- lies (car)3cnates of sodium and potassium) prohibit all growth, while 1.5 per cent of neutral alkalies (sulphates and chlorides of sodium and potassium) only are prohibitive. The Navajo Basin con- tains mors carbonates, and the Great Basin more chlorides and sul- phates. The almost uniform effect of alkalies' in Astragali is to thicken the stems, leaves and flowers, making them coarser, succulent and taller, and reduces the pubescence, but the relative quantity of moisture has a marked effect as in all plants elsewhere. The tendency is also for the flowers to be white and large. Typical alkaline species of the Navajo Basin are A. asclepiadoides, Pattersoni, and sabulo- sus, and probably ampullarius. Ihees all have flat and ampje leaf surface. Similar plants of th'^ Mojave-Colorado river region are A. limatus and Preussii, with flat leaf surfaces, but purple flow- ers. The Great Basin species where the neutral alkalies are the more abundant are A. Pattersoni but with reduced leaf surfaces, but the typical species A. Toanus, Serenoi, canonis, tetrapteriis, all have greatly reduced leaf surfaces, the leaflets mostly reduced to phyllodia and the stems, petioles i.nd. peduncles performing the function of leaves but the plants are tall or long as in the other, the flowers are purple, the pubescence is ashy and sparse. On the other hand the Homalobi of the Navajo Basin which grow in soil always somewhat alkaline all have the phyllodia-like leaves of the Podo-sclerocarpi. Such species are A. Episcopus, Wood- ruff!, pictus. They have no corresponding species in the Great Basin. The Ocreati of the Navajo Basin develop narrower and more folded and more hairy leaves as the sand in the soil increases and the alkali decreases, such species are A. confertiflorus, agrillosus and Moencoppensis. This follows the general rale. The normal rainfall of the Great Basin is twice that of the Navajo; the normal tem- perature 2 to 4 degrees less. Strongly alkaline places in the Tropical life zone rarely have perennial species of Astragalus. Gen -rally such species are annuals whose roots do not penetrate the 5 irface sands, far, and so the effects of alkalies are not so evident. 56 The effects of humidity, other things being the same are shown in the Columbia Basin. As we approach the Columbia Basin there is a marked increase in spring and summer humidity though there is less summer rainfall. The winter snows are deeper and the snow cover is permanent through most of the region in the winter months, which is a great protection to the vegetation. There is less alkali. The species of Astragalus become more slender and with more woody- roots. The Reventi-Arrecti and Collini prevail; there are some Atrati, some Homalobi, and Podo-sclerocarpi, and a number of Argo- phylli. No species have phyllodia-like leaves, few have broad leaflets and most of these are folded and pubescent. The species are almost exclusively perennial. It is a region of abundant spring flora, par- ticularly grasses. The northern Plains along the trough of slight rainfall caused by the Rockies has a humidity a little higher than the Coumbia Basin and is wind swept throughout the year, and with a low temperature There is a permanent snow cover except where elevations catch the wind. There is a little alkali. These conditions have produced the densely matted Homalobi and Triphylli with their scapose pedun- cles hidden among the leaves and their narrow, thick and silvery leaves and large and densely imbricated stipules. It is only in the bottoms where the snow cover is not disturbed that the slender and v'ariably erect species are found such as the Bisulcati and pectina- tus in alkaline places, the slender Homalobi, Debiles and Hypoglot- tides. The interior valley region of California s!m-ilates th'^ Arizona- Death Valley region in its Tropical climate and extensive annual flora, and some species are common to both regions, but the h'gi°r humidity and winter rains have greatly increased the species and irii- viduals. Here abound the Didymocarpi, and Leptocarpi. The salt marshes have the annual A. Hornii and the remarkable perennial A. pychnostachyus. It is a noticeable fact that nearly all Californian Astragali have short pubescence closely appressed. The Coast region of California has a remarkable development of the Inflati, along with a few Hamosi, in addition to the annuals of the interior region. Its chief characteristics are high temperature, high humidity (due to fogs) and no rainfall except in winter. We therefore find no species with phyllodia, or stems with leaf functions. There is a large development of leaf surface with folded leaflets and slender stems. The Argophylli are mostly absent and the Homalobi scarce, as are most other groups. In the Sierra region the Astragali are scarce in the forested area. At the north A. accidens is found among the bushes, and Californicus and inversus among the yellow pines. Higher up we find A. Congdoni, Bolanderi and Hookerianus, mostly farther south, but the soil is a very granular granite and not adapted to any vege- tation, and so the general flora is meager. The Argophylli, plants of the lower mountain slopes with no per manent winter snow cover, with plenty of spring humidity due to rains or melting snows show a curious distribution. Inthe Columbia region they develop a loose and cottony pubesence, narrow flowers, and lax stem system. A. inflexus even attempts to become erect. The Argophylli are normally caespitose and prostrate species. This condition of the Columbia species is manifestly due to higher humidity and light soil. As the group extends south along the Sierras in the impoverished soil the same species become densely matted and often only a few inches across, with very short stems, small leaves and very small flowers and pods. At the foot of the monutains and out on the mesas where it is much hotter and drier but the soil better we have the magnificent A. coocineus and funereus far surpassing 57 even A. inflexus in beauty and size and with great flowers and pods, and here the Argophylli stop short off. These two species seem wholly out of place and yet even extend to the Charleston mountains. One would expect here a jump to some other remarkable allied group but there is none in the whole region. The Malaci are the nearest, and seem like hybrids between this group and the Hamosi. When we follow the Argophylli eastward and then southward we find them varying into the pygmaeus-amphioxys group, more adapted to the hotter climates, and these seem to have jumped into the Mollissimi at the south and the Sarcocari^i at the north and east. The Argophylli do not extend much into the regions of permanent snow cover, but belong to that trying region of the lower Middle Temperate and Lower Temperate where the snow comes and goes, and thaws alter- nate with freezes so that all stems persisting over winter must be closely protected by matting, by dead leaves and petioles and by dense stipules and wool or hair and short internodes. The Sarcocarpi have passed up into the region of permanent winter snow cover for the most part at the north and do not show thi.-j adaptation, but the southern species do. The Mollissimi are protected more against heat by their shaggy covering, but in the far south A. Humboldtii and others have only the close silvery pubescence, and even that is often sparse. The effects of heat are best shown in the Tropical life zone where plants have been compelled to adopt the most effective system, better than phyllodia, the destruction of the perennial root. This requires no winter protection, or devices against continued droughts but could obtain only where the resting period is one of drought and not cold, otherwise the seeds would rot. The annual habit results In slender stems, small leaves, flowers and pods, the latter with thin walls. For this reason we have the Didymocarpi and Leptocarpi the prevailing species, along with a smattering of Inflati, and other groups. In the few perennials which persist in favorable places there is the same leaf, flower and stem reduction and absence of phyllodia, tho"?h here and there a few like pictus and some Homalobi persist. The presence of a poison, in most of the species, affecting the motor nerves makes che ger.us of no economic importt^nco as very few are eaten at all by animals, while some species destroy many horses and sheep. A. Coltoni is poisonous to hogs in the La Sal region of Utah. A. mollissimus is the loco Asti-agalus of the Plains. A. Canadensis has poisoned sheep in Montana. Various forms of A. lentiginosus have a bad reputation in southern Utah. No Astragali are voluntarily eaten by animals, but in the spring, when animals are ravenous for the first green things that come out of the ground they will bite at anything and it is at such times that they are poi- soned. Once poisoned they get a craving for them and become "locoed" (crazy), when the range is all eaten off but these plants sheep will eat them rather than starve and it is in this way that they get poisoned. COLOR OF THE FLOWERS AS REGARDS ALKALINITY. Practically all the pink or pink-purple flowers on drying, become bluish, exceptions to this are A. coccineus and sometimes funerens. The reason for this is that the papers in which the plants are dried contain alkali and this neutralizes the acid of the red tints and turns it alkaline which then becomes blue. Whenever this is the case the natural color can be restored by moisten-rg the flower by a dilute acid. As has alrerdy been said the soil of the entire west is alkaline south vary somewhat in the tendency i'3 turn blue. A. coccineus 58 except regions at the north in meadows and deep forests where there is much humus, and at the south only in moist meadows at high eleva- tions. There seems to be no causative connection between red- tinted flowers and the soil as to acidity or alkalinity in the soil. All such flowers at the north turn bluish on drying in ordinary paper. The white flowers have less yellow In them at the north. There are very few creamed-colored flowers at the north. From southern Idaho and Oregon to Mexico the white flowers are never pure white, or rarely so in A. Patt-^vsoni, but variably cream-colored but never yellow. Thi:^ indicaiej alkalinity. This icdtinted species at tlie south vary somewhat in the tendency to turn blue. A. coccineus remains bright red on drying, but its nearest relative A. funereus and Utahensis either remain red or turn blue on drying which indicates acidity in the flowers part of the time. Many of the red tinted flowers are brilliant pink, such as A. funereus, Utahensis, Toanus, Woodruffi, Preussii, amphioxys. Bigelovii, Zionis, and they all turn bluish-purple on drying, and are therefore acid when in bloom and all grow on dpcidedly alkaline soil. Practically all the species of the Arizona- Mexican region (mostly Tropical) are either white or dull bluish which would indicate an alkaline condition of the soil. The same is mostly true c.r the California 'J'lopict] region. On the other hand many spor^ins ff Astragalus gn^^ing in humus and presumably add soils ar^ bluish such as agrestis, crassicarp is, elegans, Bourgovii, argophyllus, sim- plicifoliiis, montanus, debilis, andinus, etc. Iron in the soil seems to highten the colors. Lime is almost everywhere at the north as limestone, but is at best a neutral alkali and not active as are those of the Great Basin and the south. TOPOGRAPHY. The map published with this shows the topography of the United States. The British American portion of North America is the same continuation of low elevations on the east, spruce forests of the Upper Temperate life zone, to the Arctic. The region east of the mountains in Alberta is a coutinuation of the Montana Plains region to the Saskatchewan, thence northw^ard is the Spruce region to the Arctic. West of the Plains there is a low valley here and there which has the Middle Temperate flora, particularly the branches of the Columbia, and the Fraser river region. All else is Upper Temperate, with the alpine on all the ranges of mountains. The Mexican region is a continuation of the Arizona floor at about 2000 to 3000 feet altitude nearly to Mexico City. On the western edge of the floor about in a line south of Tucson Arizona to Deming New Mexico the floor rises into a vast plateau from 6000 to SOOO feet altitude and about 30 miles wide and 300 miles long, called the Sierra Madre mountains. West of this the country breaks down into immense barranccs or canons to the sea and with a Tropical climate. This barranca condition of the west slope continues nearly throughout Mexico southward at least beyond Colima. East of the Sierra Madre Plateau from the floor of the country rise scattered and low ranges of mountains in Coahuila San Luis Potosi etc. to the Gulf of Mexico water shed. This whole region is a very hot and barren country with very little rainfall. In the Zacatecas region it rises to SOOO feet altitude but" with little change in the vegetation. South of Zacatecas it drops down again and a wide area of desert runs out to Guadalajara. South 59 of this the region is a network of ranges and volcanic peaks where the Tropical vegetation reaches 8000 feet altitude, and the peaks sometimes reach the Lower Temperate, but rarely they extend higher to the Middle Temperate, and only very rarely as on Orizaba, Popocatapetl, and Mt. Colima do they reach the alpine. The lowlands about Colima and Tampico southward have the dense vegetation and summer rains of the humid Tropics. This is about as far as species of Astragalus extend except a very few. The plateau floor from Arizona southward is Tropical, i^ower California has a low range of mountains the entire length but the flora rarely gets up out of the Tropical. San Pedro Martir is an exception. The upper limits of the Tropical in the United States rarely reaches 3000 feet altitude. In the Arizona region they are about 4000 feet, and rise as you go southward. The upper limits of the Lower Temperate life zone reach about 5000 feet in the Great Basin, but drop to about 1000 feet in the Colum- bia Basin. In the south in Arizona they often reach 8000 feet altitude. Topographical details can be worked out on the map, and the general zonal limits are best seen there. NOMENCLATURE. It has been my plan to make as few changes in names as possible. The Vienna Code has been followed in the main and therefore the oldest published name has been retained, except the meanin2:less Astragalus astragalinus, for which I have substituted the A. andinus of Nuttall. It is however my judgment that the Grayan method of retaining the oldest name in the genus is better and productive of little confusion, while the present method produces endless confusion. I do not adopt the dictum "Once a synonym always a synonym," but I have used the name of a species even if the same name has been used for a species before that was a synonym of some earlier species, or belonged to another genus. I have rejected Greene's substitutes for Sheldon's hybrid names, for the reason that if we reject hybrid names we shall have to go much farther back than Sheldon. I retain Astragalus for the reason that it is the earliest name and the one generally accepted by the botanical World. The fact that it is preceded in the Species Plantarum by Phaca should not require the rejection of the genus, for the genus was proposed by Tournefort and retained by Linnseus in his Systema before Phaca was created. Priority is the ony true basis for nomenclatural stability but no one however zealous an adherent of this dictum accepts it without the narrowest limitations. If we could ever know what was the true priority in each case it would require the renaming of almost every genus and species in the world as \ have already pointed out. This be- ing out of the question the next thing is the general consent of botan- ists. This has crystallized so that at the present time there is a general assent to main points, which is that old names shall not be changed on a technicality, and that in other respects 1753 shall be the beginning date of nomenclature. The exceptions of the Vienna Code cover most of the desirable reservations from the strict application of priority. There should be certain other exceptions of genera. There should be the abrogation of the rule about Latin descriptions, and the rejec- tion of all genera proposed in early days that were not accompanied by species. This will rule out the genera of Adanson, Necker, and others, unless they were provided with species by others before any other generic names were proposed for them. 60 KEYS. The keys are constructed in the usual way, and indented in the same way. in addition the system of Capital letters in used to pre- vent any conffusion (which often occurs in the old way). The letter "A" represents the first section of each main group such as the Hom- alobi. Each succeeding "A" represents a coorelative section of the same group. The letter "B" stands for the first subsection, of "A", and every other "B" stands in the same relation, and so on with every letter used, each one is subsidiary to the letter which precedes it in the alphabet. 5A6B3C2D represents the second division of the third division of the sixth division of the fifth division of the main group. 61 ARTIFICIAL KEY TO ASTRAGALUS GROUPS. A. Pods wholly 1-celled and without any intrusion within the cell of either suture, but pods may be grooved at either suture. AB. Pods narrow or small, the cross section not over 4 mm. long-, neither inflated nor fleshy. ABC. Pods narrow, mostly laterally flattened. 1. Homalobi. AB2C. Pods oblong- to oval, obcompressed and bisulcate ventrally. Pods erect and sessile 23. Ocreati Pods pendent and stipitate 24. Bisulcati. AB3C. Pods short and broad, inclined to be obliquely ovate, seldom longer than calyx, mostly rigid. Walls rigid, Plants mostly caespitose or acaules- cent and densely tufted. Flowers not large. 1. Homalobi. Flowers large and white. Pods shorter than calyx 2. Triphylli. Walls not rigid (except in leptaleus). Stems slender and weak. Annuals A. quinqueflorus. Perennials growing in damp meadows. 3. Debiles. A2B. Pods narrow and large, stipitate, mostly curved, not inflated, fleshv or with rigid walls, with cross section over 4 mm. long. Some forms of A. humistratus might come here. Flowers ochroleucous with woolly calyx, stubby, many. 7. Collini. Flowers mostly purple, more scattered, without woolly calyx. 10. Reventi-Arrecti. A3B. Pods broad narrow in flexuosus, etc., inclined to be inflated and mottled and with short and spreading pubescence at least on the leaves, firm but not fleshy, Flowers purple and mostly small. Stems slender and tufted. 17. Flexuosi. A4B. Pods broad and very fleshy, or narrowed at tips and winged or angled. 8. Podo-sclerocarpi. 2A. Pods incompletely 2-celled by one or both sutures being reised as a ridge or partial partition within. 62 2AB. Dorsal suture neither raised nor intruded. Ventral suture produced somewhat along the middle. Pods inflated and with papery walls (rarely leathery in A. lentiginosus) 4. Inflati. 2A2B. Dorsal suture, either a raised line within or slightly produced, the ventral seldom produced. 2A2BC. Walls almost papery, pods slightly inflated. Pods sessile. 5. Sparsiflori. Pods stipitate and mostly pendent. 6. Alpini 2A2B2C. Walls rigid or a little fleshy. Pods mostly stipitate. Pods ascending to erect, abruptly if at all pointed below. 10. Reventi-Arrecti. Pods pendent, tapering below, explanate with age. 26. Lonchocarpi. 2A2E3C. Pods sessile, rarely inflated, oblong to broad- ly-ovate, oblique. Dorsal suture a raised line only within. Walls variably fleshy, mostly hairy or wool- ly without. Flowers purple, rarely white, mostly large. Plants caespitose, acaulescent, or pulpy with short stems, never erect. 18. Argophylli. 2A2B4C. Dorsal suture a raised ridge within. Pods mostly stipitate, broad to round, inflated, with rigid walls not hairy when mature, variably fleshy. Flow- ers large. Stems erect mostly. Leaflets broad. 9. Preussii. 3A. Pods wholly or nearly 2-celled by intrusion of sutures. SAB. Pods with dorsal suture intruded to or near the mid- dle, the ventral not intruded to speak of. 3ABC. Pods semingly wrong side up by the ventral suture being the more arched. Pods rigid, rarely fleshy or papery, not inflated, mostly pendent, slightly if at all stipitate. oblong or narrower, as broad as high. Flower scattered and small. 15. Atrati. Flowers large and densely spicate. Pods nearly linear. Leaflets broad and flat, many 25. Galegiformes. Leaflets very narrow and few. 26. Lonchocarpi. Pods papery, inclin*^d to be a little inflated, stipitate, mostly pendent. (A. scopulorum and racemous.) 16. Strigulosi. Pods a little fleshy and inclined to be a little inflated, ascending in dense spike on tall stems. Flowers white. 11. Uliginosi. 63 3AB2C. Pods with ventral suture not the more arched rather fleshy. Flowers not small, many. Pods erect or ascending. Flowers large. Flowers purple. Pods linear to narrowly oblong, reniform to elliptical in cross section, nearly straight. 19. Malaci. Flowers white or cream-colored. Pods curved, linear, triquetrous in cross section, smooth. 20. Succumbens. Pods pendulous, narrow. Flowers v/hite or cre?.m- colored. Pods not long-tapering below. 25. Galegiformes. Pods long-tapering below. 26. Lonchocarpi. Pods spreading, rarely erect, broad and thick, mostly very fleshy. Leaflets long narrow and few. Stems coarse. 8. Podo-sclerocarpi. Flowers small. Pods spreading. Low plants. 14. Lotiflori. 3A2B. Pods wholly 2-celled except at tip. Both sutures variously intruded. Pods inflated, mostly papery, not small, not shaggy. Pods spherical to oval. Stems very slender. A. platytropis. Pods oval to ovate, oblique. Stems not delicate. Pods sessile. A. lentiginosus. Pods stipitate. A. Bolanderi and vallaris. Pods somewhat to not at all inflated. Pods not small, rarely narrow, not triquetrous. Pods plum-shaped and very fleshy. Pods sessile. 22. Sarcocarpi. Pods stipitate. A. accidens. Pods oblong and oblique, fleshy, stipitate. A. pachypus. Pods narrowly oblong to oval, leathery, inclined to be shaggy or leaves shaggy. 21. Mollissimi. Pods small or narrow, triquetrous to didymous in cross section. Pods triquetrous in cross section, rarely reniform, mostly narrow and curved, mostly reflexed. 64 Pereimails. Flowers not very small. Flowers very large. A. succmnbens. Flowers medium-sized. Northern plants. (A. nitidus.) 27. Hamosi. Flowers very small, mostly Mexican. 29. Micranthi. Annuals. 28. Leptocarpi. Pods didymous to reniform, cross-ribbed small. Perennials. Flowers and fruit in dense heads. 12. Hypoglottides. Flowers and fruit in spikes. 13. Chaetodontes. Annuals. 30. Didymocarpi. f)5 HOMALOBI. Pods wholly 1-celled, witli rib-like sutures which are neither conspicuously raised as sharp edges nor intruded as partitions, splitting along both sutures from the tip, (from the base in A. stenophyllus), rarely sulcate dorsally, not at all ventrally, with walls papery to thin-coriaceous, rarely a little inflated, with body linear to oblanceolate or rarely nar- 1 owly oblong to half-oval. Flowers racemose, rarely capi- tate. Perennials (A. quinqueflorus is annual.) J8^°° The synonymy in the text is much abbreviated to avoid packing the de- scriptions with useless matter. Complete synonymy is given in the Index where all names are found under the recognized species to which they belong. Abbreviated cross references are given under generic synonyms simply to aid in finding the correct name. Key A. Pods papery, reflexed, with sutures thicker than the walls (not evidently so in the stenophyllus group), not sulcate, normally completely laterally flattened when immature and mostly so when ripe, abruptly apiculate, with suture the more arched except rarely in A. sitenophyllus, narrowed below. Pedicels not twisted. AB. Calyx almost turbinate, 1-2 mm. long, the slender teeth at least half as long as but little longer than tube. Stipules con- spicuously connate. Foliage inclined to blacken on drying. Weak, much branched, and very slender plants with small and purplish (rarely whitish) flowers. Leaflets long-petiolulate acute at base and narrowed. Pods aln.ost sessile or on a stipe not much longer than calyx, narrowly oblong to half-oval, with the sutures prominent. ABC. Calyx teeth decidedly shorter than the tube. Ribs of pods conspicuous. Peduncles elongated and subterminal and with the rachls often a foot long. Leaflets distant, mostly folded and rather thick, but really oblong, seemingly linear. Leaves never sessile. Perennials of dry and open mountain slopes in Lower Temperate Life zone. Tenelli. 1 Wingatensis, 2 tenelliis. AB2C. Calyx teeth longer than the tube and unequal, tube about 2 mm. long. Pods short-oblong to half-oval, ashy, inflated and cross-section deltcid-ovaite, not 1 cm. long (about 8 mm.) 3-5 mm. hinh, about sessile. Ventral suture nearly straight, the dorsal much arched. Flowers purplish, ascending, 5-7 mm. long, in short racemes on short and filiform peduncles which are much shorter than the leaves and solitary and axillary nearly throuphout. Leaves all petioled. rarely 6 cm. lonq. Leaflets nearly linear and acutish at both ends to narrowly elliptical and obtus^. thin, nearly 2 cm. lonq. Pubescence ashy throughout. A. pauciflorus and miser might be sought here as they are near relatives but becaus-^ of much inflated pods and ventral suture being less arched they are placed in the inflati. ^__ — CoK« »I. 66 A2B. Calyx short-cylindrical to almost campanuiate, teeth shorter than the tube and mostly very short. Pods inclined to be larger above and tapering into a long and filiform stipe at base, acute at tip, very flat, about straight, 2-4 cm. long exclusive of th« stipe, smooth. Flowers fully 1 cm. long. Leaflets distant, 1-2 cm. long, mostly acute and mostly linear. Peduncles elon- gated a-nd subterminal A2BC. Flowers bright pink-purple, few. Stipules connate below. Calyx teeth rather narrow. Pods opening first at tip. 3 CoKonl. A2B2C. Flowers ochroleucous or white, rather many. Calyx teeth broad and mostly deltoid. Lower rib of the pod a mere linij and inconspicuous. Stipes capillary. Pecl»jncles slender. Pedicels slender, 2-4 times as long as bracts. Stems erect and branching above, 2-3 ft, high. Leaflets 7-15 pairs, long-petiolu- late. Upper leaves about sessile, the lower short-petioled, spreading. Leaf rachis conspicuously tapering. 4 stenophyllus. 5 Antiselli. 2A. Pods not papery, rather rigid and almost leathery, rarely nar- rower below than at tip, with sutures not conspicuously thicken- ed, though evident and acuminate at tip. 2AB. Pods conspicuously stipitate. This group seems to connect with the Podo-sclerocarpi, but is equally as near as the Homalobi 2ABC. Pods erect, conspicuously laterally flattened. Leaflets nearly round, leathery, broadly cuneate below. Whole plant smooth except for a few hairs on the calyx. 6 porrectus. 2AB2C. Pods long-stipitste, acuminate at both ends, linear, re- flexed or widely spreading, mottled, the body 3-4 cm. long, 3-5 mm. wide, much laterally flattened, the ventral suture the more arched and ood inclined to be recurved. Rather straggling, slender plants 2-3 ft. long. Pedicels not twisted though pods appear upside down. Inversi. 7 Californicus. 8 inversus. 2A2B. Pods narrow, mostly sessile or with a minute stipe, mostly linear or oblanceolate, sharply acute, ending in a filiform tip, when young flat and knife-like and inclined to be larger above (not so in Episcopus and normally in most forms of junceus), when mature flat at tio and also flat at base (except in forms of Junceus), the middle section being obovate elliptical (flat in Episcopus) or rarelv cordate when sulcate in one form of of campestris, mostly narrowed into the calyx, tip nearly always declined, the ventral suture normally more arched (convex) than dorsal at least toward the tip cf pod but seeming less so because of the twisted pedicel which brings the pod wrong side up, rare- ly in forms of junceus the pods are falcate upwards and with ventral suture concave. Pods rgco-iose, widely spreading or reflexed smooth when mature. Flowers capitate rarely, mostly racemose, widely spreading or reflexed, rather greenish white with the keel purple-tipped and sometimes the banner, short and stubby, rarely 1 cm. long, Bracts short and sharp, rarely as long as pedicels in fruit. Keel greatly incurved. Slender plants growing in tufts from slender crown-branchpes.„„^<»om tap root, mostly low and weak. Leaves narrow with rather distant leaflets and with t^"? slender petiole mostly as long as the rachis, or the leaflets rudimentnr/ or absent f.'-om the rjsh- like rachis. Campestres. 6 7 2A2BC. Pods wider above, conspicuously flattened laterally except in the middle, the valves twisting at maturity and opening at tip and to base. Banner erect, oblong. Keel erect and mostly produced and very sharp. Calyx teeth very sharp and mostly subulate. Leaves never all filiform. Stems rarely wiry. 9 campestris. 2A2B2C. Pods mostly about the same width from tip to base, about flat when ripe (conspicuously flattened when young, and round in cross-section when ripe in A. junceus), not noticeably sul- cate. Leaflets mostly like the rachis, that is round, filiform and sulcate, 1-2 pairs, rarely some are flattened a little or the rachis flattened and enlarged toward the tip and phyllodium- like, rarely jointed to rachis. Stems wiry and rush-like, wide- ly branching, open, erect, green. Peduncles, stems and leaves about all alike and tapering. Flowers and pods in loose ra- cemes and pods reflexed, except in A. Woodruffi. Inflorescence longer than the elongated leaves. Stipules thick, green, with a broad base, not connate. Mostly tufted plants about 2 veet high. 2A2B2CD. Proper peduncles shorter than the leaves. Calyx teeth minute and blunt. Stipules narrow. Pedicels about four times the bracts. Bracts minute, triangular. 10 junceus. 11 Episcopus. 2A2B2C2D. Pedicels not longer than the bracts, 2-4 mm. long Calyx teeth subulate, at least one third to a half the tube in length, reddish. Peduncles much longer than the leaves. 12 lancearius. 13 Woodruffi. 2A2B3C. Pods about the same width throughout, linear, abruptly acute, little compressed, straight or nearly so, slightly sulcate dorsally. Calyx teeth subulate, longer than the tube. Leaflets linear-oblanceolate, not like the rachis, not opposite, 3-5 pairs. Peduncles axillary, short. Pods reflexed in racemes longer than the peduncles. Bracts and stipules minute. 13a pasqualensis. 3A. Casspiitose or acaulescent plants with small and mostly arched, short and stubby flowers with short claws, rarely 9 mm. long (1.5 cm. long in detritalis), single to few, mostly racemose, rarely capitate, sessile or short-pediceled. Calyx campanulate (rarely cylindrical in detritalis) and short, wiith the mostly short teeth not longer than the tube. Peduncles none or short, long in A. Gilensis and quinqueflorus. Pods small, sessile, not wider above, little longer than calyx, mostly laterally flattened, oblique, charta- ceous, or thinly coriaceous never erect, even the flowers mostly reflexed, the ventral suture normally concave, rarely convex. Seeds single or few. Stipules large, (small in A. quinqueflorus) sheathing or rarely free, mostly long-hairy below. Pedicels not twisted. Pubescence mostly closely appressed and silvery. 3AB. Leaflets with sharp needle-like tips. Pubescence attached by the middle or no(t at the end (except in the var. tegetirius). The terminal leaflet at least not joined to the rachis (except in detritalis). Flowers purole. Keel tin not produced. 3ABC. Acaulescent and casspitose plants. Flowers on evident peduncles. Leaflets when present olaced nt the ends of the evident petioles. Bracts large and hyaline. Pods linear to ovate, not sulcate, about 1 cm. long (longer in detritalis), very sharp-pointed. Ventral suture straight or concave, sometimes convex at tip. Leaflets flat. 14 simplicifolius. 15 detritalis. 08 3AB2C. Kentrophyti. Caespitose and prostrate plants. (one variety erect) with densely matted stems which are mostly very slender and with very short internodes. mostly longer than the stipules. Flowers nearly sessile among the leaves, blooming throughout the summer, reflexed as well as the pods. Bracts minute, shorters than the pedicels. Leaves very short or with no petiole, the whole rarely 2 cm. long. Leaf lets folded, elliptical to nearly linear, acuminate and acer- ose not jointed to the rachis, with thick midrib, 2-3 pairs. Flowers very small and very much arched and hooded. Pods rarely over 4 mm. long, claw like, ovate or broadly oblong, rarely twice the calyx, about 1-seeded. This group connects directly with the Humistrati. i6 raontanus. 3A2B. Caespitose or decumbent and widely spreading. Plants with slender stems when less condensed, and mostly with in- ternodes many times longer than stipules. Stipules large, con- nate, hyaline. Flowers small and stubby on conspicuous short pedicels, inclined to be subracemose, ascending to hori- zontal, with conspicuous and subulate (rarely ovate) bracts which are much longer than pedicels. Keel tip triangular and sharp. Leaves with conspicuous petioles when leaflets are less than 5 pairs. Leaflets 3-10 pairs, close-set (more distant in A. humistratus var. tenerrimus) flat or rarely folded, all jointed to rachis not acerose nor with thick midrib, with hairs not attached at the end but closely appressed and straight. Bracts elongated. Pods conspicuously lunate or ovate or fal- cate-oblong and abruptly contracted at tip to a long and aci- cular point, much longer tthan calyx, 1-2 cm. long, mostly conspicuously compressed laterally and with cross section obo- vate to obcordate chartaceous, nearly smooth, mostly SL-lcate dorsally to the middle but not at tip or base, cavity larger than the seeds and a little inflated, few-seeded. Plants blooimng all summer. Humistrati. 17 humistratus. 18 sesqulflorua. Pods minute or seldom as long as calyx, one seeded, never 1 cm. long, elliptical to ovate. Leaves with slender petioles, hairy with closely appretsed and straight hairs. 3A3B. Caespitose and acaulcscent plants or with stems with inter- nodes not longer than the large, connate, hyaline, hairy and im- bricated stipules. Leaflets obtuse. Bracts relatively larg«, about equaling the calyx, longer than the pedicel in humillimus Pubescence not attached at the ond exceot in A. troglodytes. 3A3BC. Leaflets 3-8 pairs, elliptical to oval, mostly flat. .Ped- uncles conspicuous. Humillimi. 3A3BCD. Flowers single to very few, not over 5 mm. long. 19 humillimus. 3A3BC2D. Flowers 10 or more in heads or spikes on very short pedicels and with long-triangular bracts about equaling the calyx. Peduncles conspicuously longer than the leaves (about twice as long) and ascending or erect, relatively stout Crowns few and large, woody. Leaves narrow, about 1 dm. long, with 6-10 pairs of elliptical flat, leaflets 5-10 mm. long and contiguous. Pods somewhat longer than the calyx and splitting it. Flowers not less than 5 mm. long. Calvx teeth about or a little more than half the tube which is obliquely conic and 3-4 mm. long and spreading. , 20 Gilensis. 69 3A3B2C. Leaflets digitate and mostly a single pair, oblanceolate and apiculate, never minute. Stems caespitose often a mere crown, always with overlapping stipules whch are very shaggy with long hairs. Flowers purple. Plants blooming early. 21 sericoleucus. 3A4B. Stems casspitose, very many, prostrate, very slend.^r with internodes much longer than the large and not connate Stipules. Flowers white, small in axillary heads. Pods oval-ovate, about 4 mm. long. Leaflets very small and nearly round. 22 tegetarioides. 3A5B. Slender plants, apparently winter annuals, with ascending to prostrate stems a few inches long from the crown of a slender root. Flowers racemose, few. Pods chartaceous, a little inflated about 7 mm. long, with ventral suture conspicuously arched and dorsal straight. Leaflets linear. Peduncles elon- gated . It is possible that this belongs in the Inflati, but at present I place it here. 23 quinqueflorus. 1. Astragalus Wingatensis Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 18 192(1888) Homalobus Rydberg. Pods straight, but oblique, narrowly oblong, flat • in the type, about 15 mm, long and 3 mm. high, smooth and inclined to be mottled, the dorsal suture only a little convex and the declined tip nearly in line with it, seeds 3 or more maturing. Flowers 10-20 in a long and very open raceme, erect or spreading, 5-7 mm. long. F3anner abruptly arched at calyx tips to 45 to 100 degrees, 3-4 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, about 2-4 mm. longer than keel, broadly ovate to oval deeply notched, purple-veined. Wings oblong. 3-4 mm. long, entire, about about 2 mm. longer than keel and ap- pearing as if as long as banner by its being arched back, ascending or much arched, flat to keel. Keel very blunt, the tip much incurved and rounded, purple-tipped, surpassing the calyx teeth by about 2 mm. the tip oval, about 2 mm. wide, base straight. Calyx nigres- cent, tube about 2 mm. long and the teeth about 1 mm. long and broadly triangular to filiform and about equal. Pedicels 1-3 mm. long, slender. Bracts small but evident, persistent, hyaline. Pedun- cles grooved, subterminal, 7-14 cm. long or more including the rachia which is about 2-3 times the whole, longer than the leaves, filiform and tapering, erect. Leaves never sessile, 2.5-7 cm. long. Leaflets 3-6 pairs, distant, on small plants 4-10 mm. long, on larger ones 2-3 cm. long, elliptical to linear, distant, truncate to notched, mostly folded and rather thick. Stipules with the free tips triangular in the upper axils. Stems widely spreading and not densely branched, often 2 ft. long, from a thick woody root, several, sparsely leafy. Whole plant except the pods minutely pubescent, the hairs very wide, warty, flat, sparse. From Mounds Utah to Glenwood Springs Colo- rado and southward in the Navajo Basin to Fort Wingate New Mex- ico. It blooms in May, and grows on open and dry rocky slopes and ledges among the junipers. Lower Temperate life zone. Astragalus Wingatensis van. Dodgeanus (Jones Zoe 3 289 (1893) as species). A. ncevbus Sheldon and A. nroximus Rydberg, Homalo- bus dementis Rvdberg. This la a stiintate-podded, form, often nearly round in cross section, and with flowers about 5 mm. lone and white. The leaflets mostly lir^av to mdmentary .ind stems very slender. From Thompson's STr'ngs Utah to Glenwood Springs. and Salida Colorado. Same life zone. 2. Astragalus tenellus Pursh Fl. 473 (1814). A. multiflorus (Pursh) Cray. Ervum multiflorum Purs>i. Tragacantha Knntze, Orobus dispar Nutt. Phaca nigrescens Hook., A. nlgrescens (Hook.) 70 Gray, Homalobus Brltton. Pods 1-2 cm. long, 3-4 mm. high, normally V ery flat but often nearly round in cross-section in the middle, ab- ruptly contracted at both ends, stipitate and with stipe often twice the tube, mostly speckled, smooth and shining, from nearly oval to narrowly oblong, with sutures equally arched or the dorsal concave and with pod seemingly recurved a little but with tip in line with the dorsal suture. Seeds rarely more than one maturing. Flowers nor- mally white, rarely purplish, 5-8 mm. long, ascending. Banner oval to oblong-ovate, abruptly arched at end of calyx tube to 45 to 90 degi-ees. with sides reflexed 1 mm. wide below but not at all at tip which is barely notched; groove very shallow at base and forming a half circle but reduced above to a broad arc about 2 mm. wide and then narrowed to tip, pink-purple-veined, inclined to be faintly colored from 3 mm. below tip; white spot obovate and sparse- ly veined, with blade swelled a little near base. Wings obliquely lanceolate-oblong and about half of an ellipse, entire, from flat to concave to keel to within 1 mm. of tip and then concave beyond, the left hand one flaring and the other straight, 1-2 mm. longer than keel, I mm. wide, white. Keel rounded to over 90 degrees and pur- ple tipped, the tip inclined to be truncate, about straight, surpassing calyx by 2 mm. Calyx Hedeoma-like and a little obcompressed at T.ip, 1 mm. wide, nearly 2 mm. long, lower teeth longer, setaceous, with rounded sinuses fully and not longer than the tube. Pedicels about 1-2 mm. long, slender Bracts normally double the pedicels but sometimes short. Proper peduncles very short, inclined to be in pairs in all but the lowest axils, one almost none and the other 1-2 cm, long, the floral rachis short to 1 dm. long and scatteringly flowered Leaves 3-8 cm. long, nearly always closely sessile except below. Leaflets 6-19 pairs, flat, rarely 2.5 cm. long, thin, 3-5 mm. wide, narrowly elliptical, some nearly linear, mostly nearly con- tiguous. Stems a foot or two long, densely tufted and densely branch ed, not filiform, weakly ascending, with internodes rarely 7 cm. ling and densely leafy. Smooth plants inclined to dry black. Rather common in shady places and woods from the Saskatchewan and the Mackenzie rivers to Minnesota and Nebraska and southward to Now Mexico, westward throughout Colorado and Utah to Central Novada East Humboldt Mts. Nevada and northward. Also on river bottoms in Nebraska. Middle Temperate life zone. Some forms ap- proach A. Bourgovii. 3. Astragalus Coltoni Jones Cont. 2 237 (1891). Pods in the type linear to narrowly obianceolate, triangular at tip, 3-4 mm. high and 3-4 cm. long. Stipe 2-3 times the calyx. Flowers about 1-1.5 en. long, ascending. Banner about a half longer than keel, about 8 turn, long, oval, arched abruptly beyond calyx to 45 degrees, with sides reflexed somewhat. Wings about 1 mm. wide, nearly straight, about 2 mm longer than keel and much narrower, light-colored. Keel about 5 mm. long, straight or nearly so, the tip abruptly erect or a little more and acute or turned out a trifle and triangular, purple, fltaout 3 mm. high. Calyx tube about 5 mm. long and 3 mm. high. a little oblique at tip, a trifle narrower below and truncate and attached on lower corner to a black-haiiy and stout reflexed pedicel nbo>it 1 mm. long which is about equaled by the minute bract, ni- grescent. Teeth in the type minute, triangular. Peduncles very stout for the plant and strict and deeply sulcate, about as thick as the stems, often a foot long. Leaves about 1 dm. long, with tapering and rigid and green rachis. Leaflets very distant about 3 (3-5) pairs, linear, obtuse, 1-2 cm. long, sometimes absent altogether, the ter- minal one simply the enlarged tip of rachis and not .iointed to it, aphy v.-hpn young. Lower stipules connate and scarious, the up- per triangular, small, green, variously connate or free.. Proper 71 stems very short and flexuous, ascending, slender, densely tufted, many, branched below, sulcate and green like the peduncles and leaves. Roots thick and woody. Grows on gravelly mesas and can- ons in open places where it is very dry. Blooms in May. Throughout the northern part of the Navajo Basin and as far east as Grand Junction Colorado. Rare outside of the Navajo Basin. . Also on the ujiper Sevier river at Vermilion Utah and in Tintic Valley near Mammoth. Lower Temperate life zone. Astragalus Coltoni var. Moabensis Jones Cont. 8 11 (1898). a foot high, leafy, the leaflets all jointed to rachis and elliptical to linear. Pods obliquely linear-elliptical, about 2 cm, long and 4 mm. high, rather abruptly contracted at both ends, with stipe about as long as calyx or twice as long. Flowers brilliant-purple, with elon- gated banner. Calyx teeth 2 mm long. Moab and Westwater Utah. First collected by Miss Eastwood. Very common in the lower edge of the Middle Temperate life zone on the La Sals in the sagebrush. Poisonous to hogs. Astragalus Coltoni var. aphyllus n. var. Leaflets none, the whole Plant a mass of filiform and tapering leaf rachises. Richfield Utah in the red sandstone cliffs. A connecting form in the San Rafael Swell. 4. Astragalus stenophyllus T. & G. Fl. 1 329 (1838). A. filipes Gray A. leptophyllus Nutt., Phaca Piper, Homalobus Rydberg. Pods 1.2-4 cm. long, 4-6 mm. high, broadly linear, width about equal throughout, triangular at both ends, or rarely acuminate, delicately reticulated but chiefly so in the middle, with cross-section diamond- shaped to ovate when fresh and with both sutures raised externally and not at all produced within, about straight and a little oblique, opening first at base and with stipe dividing; sutures equally arched. Stipe 2-4 times the calyx. Pcds generally pendent but sometimes horizontal Flowers about 1-1.5 cm. long, loosely racemose, ascending, with ex- serted claws, light-cream-colored. Banner short, arched to 45 to 90 de- grees 2 mm. beyond calyx teeth, triangular-ovate to oblong, 7-10 mm. longer than keel, expanded and thickened at base as in A. Beck- withii, acutely notched, sides reflexed a little, groove very shallow broadly v-shaped, about 2 mm. wide, a little wider below. Wings obo- vate to lanceolate, ascending 45 degrees and exposing base of keel, concave to keel, entire or obscurely toothed at the rounded tip, 1-3 mm. longer than keel and nearly as long as banner. Keel with straight base and tip sharply rounded to a half circle and the blunt end pointing inward, about 3 mm. high, yellow. Calyx about 3 mm. wide and 4 mm. long, almost campanulate, nearly equally inserted at the acutish fleshy base, greenish-white, oblique at tip and cleft deeper above and with broad sinuses and minute deltoid blackish teeth. Pedicels 2-7 mm. long, mostly filiform, much longer than the minute hyaline ovate bracts. Peduncles 2-3 dm. long, much longer than the leaves, barely sulcate as are the stems, the floral rachis about half as long and 10-20 flowered. Leaves hardly 1 dm. long, rather scattered but longer than the slender internodes. Leaflets 5-8 pairs, distant, about linear, 1. 5-4 cm. long, thin, obtuse, rather cuneate at base and on white petiolules, green as are the stems and peduncles. Stipules small, the upper ones green, reflexed subulate from a deltoid base, free, those below hyaline and inclined to connate opposite the petioles. Stems very slender and erect In ra ther dense tufts, branching aT)0ve. many, about 2 ft. high. Pubescence almost none. Growing in the Middle Temperate life zone and extend- ing down a little into the Lower, in open gravelly slopes and blooming in summer. Throuc;hout the Columbia Basin as far east as Blackfoot Idaho, throughout the northern part of the Great Basin as fnr east as Muncy Spring Valley Nevada and westward to the western side of the Sierras at least on both Shasta slopes and northward. Common in the northwest, on prairies and in the sagebrush. 72 5. Astragalus Antiselli Gray Bot. Cal. 1 152 (1876). A. Hasseanus Sheldon. Pods in the type about 2 cm. long and 5-7 mm. high, not much flattened laterally and with about oval crass-section finely ret,i- culated all over, oblanceolate to narrowly elliptical, tapering from near tip into the dark filiorm stipe which is about 3 times as long as calyx, tip barely acute and apiculate, sutures about equally arched. Flowers about 1 cm. long. Calyx tube as in A. stenophyllus bu't teeth triangular and about half as long as the tube. Pedicels twice as long as the short bracts. Peduncles 1-2 dm. long, about as long as leaves, the rachis a half to a third more and rather densely flowered. Leaves 7-15 cm. long. Leaflets 10-16 pairs, linear-oblong, to elliptical-oblong, rounded, 1-2 cm. long, 4-7 mm. wide, white-ribbed, ashy with minute white hairs closely appressed and fixed by base. Stems slender but rather rigid and from a woody shrubby base, ashy, somewhat sulcate, , erect. A. Hasseanus Sheldon is a form with longer and more acuminate pods. This may hybridize with A. trichopodus. On dry slopes, in the hills of the Coast range from San Luis Obispo California and south- ward, Antelope Valley, Davidson. Tropical. Astragalus Antiselli var. phoxus Jones Cont. 10 65 (1902). A. gaviotus Elmer. Pods with body about 2 cm. long, 7 mm. high and 1 mm. thick, almost completely flattened laterally, on a stipe fully half as long, oblanceolate to linear-elliptical, sutures either equally arched or the ventral the more so, shortly acuminate at both ends, opening first at tip, apiculate. Flowers 15-20, about 1.5 cm. long. Banner arched to erect, 4 mm. longer than wings, with sides reflexed 2 mm. wide in the middle only. Wings linear-oblanceolate, nearly 2 mm. longer than keel and much narrower, little arched. Keel exceeding the calyx tube by 4 mm. nearly straight, tip sharply incurved to a at least 110 degrees, about 3 mm. high, blunt, not dark. Pedancies (and stems) sulcate, 1-3 dm. long, stout. Leaflets 12-15 pairs, nearly contiguous, oblong-elliptical, about 1.5 cm. long, somewhat reduced above. Stipules small and not connate. The plants have the habit of A. leucopsis. Santa Inez river southern California and vicinity. Lower Temperate life zone. This group connects directly with the Inflati through A. oxyphysus and trichopodus. 6. Astragalus porrectus Watson Bot. King 75 (1871). Pods about 1.5 cm. long, exclusive of the stipe, about 4 mm. high and 2 mm. wide, much laternally flfttened, shortly acuminate at both ends, at tip into a subulate and straight beak 1-2 mm. long, at base into a very stout tapering straight stipe often twice as long as calyx, arcuate near the base, erect at tip or a little incurved and calyx nearly hori- zontal. Flowers about 1 cm. long, white, ascending, yellowish when dry. Banner oblong-oval, abruptly erect at calyx tips, with sides reflex- ed about 2 mm. wide at base, less so above, rather fleshy, the ereot part about 1 mm. long. Wings broadly oblanceolate or obliquely el- liptical, acutish, about 1 mm. longer than keel and 2 mm. shorter than banner, nearly 2 mm. wide, ascending. Keel about 3 mm. long, the base straight and tip nearly erect and triangular. Calyx hyaline the tube about 3 mm. long and 2 mm. high, abruptly rounded at base and inserted a little below the middle, the tria.ngular teeth about half as long. Pedicels rather stout, about 2 mm. long and equaled by the triangular bracts. Peduncles stout, in the upper axils, about 1 dm. long, the rachis often twice as long or more. Leaves 5-7 cm. long, short-petioled. Leaflets 4-6 pairs, thick, about 1-1.5 cm. long, nearly contiguous, mostly with a broad notch at tip. Stems flexuous, slen- der, nearly erect, about 2 ft. high, from a strong erect root. Trinity Mts. Nevada and westward nearly to Reno on rocky slopes. Lov/er Temperate life zone, rarely collected. Watson, Miss Stokes. The plant called porrectus by Coville from Pahrump Valley is A. Preussil. This plant has the habit of A. Orcuttianus but the pod is vetch-like. 73 7. Astragalus Californicus (Gray) Greene Bull. Cal. Acad. 3 157 (1885). A. collimis var. Californicus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 12 54 (1876). Pod about triangular at each end in the type and straight but varying to acuminate at both ends and very arcuate, 4-5 mm. wide, the cross section elliptical, rather closely racemose, smooth when old, minutely hairy when young, pendent, finely reticulated throughout, about the same width throughout, opening first at tip. Flowers white, 1-1.5 cm. long, shortly and densely racemose, spreading. Banner 7-10 mm. long, oval, arched to about 45 degrees and abruptly at end of calyx, with sides much reflexed from the base, 3-4 mm. longer than wings. Wings linear, about 1.5 mm. wide arched sometimes to 45 de- grees, about 2. mm. longer than keel. Keel with straight base, about 4 mm. long, abruptly arched to erect, the triangular tip rather nar- row and 3-4 mm. high, and inclined to truncate, yellow at very tip. Calyx about cyliiidric, about 5 mm. long and 3 mm. high, very slightly narrower below, hairy, white and hyaline, the upper side a trifle arched and the lov/er straight, attached at the lower ?nd fleshy corner and nearly truncate there, a trifle oblique at tip, the triangular teeth hardly one-fourth as long and nigrescent. Pedi- cels in flower 1-3 mm. long and about as long as the triangular to subulate papery bracts, in fruit sometimes 6 mm. long and twice as long as bracts. Peduncles about as stout as stems, sulcate, strict, 1-1.5 dm. long, about twice as long as leaves, the floral rachis nearly as long. Leaves 5-7 cm. long, the upper sessile, a little longer than the internodes. Leaflets 7-10 pairs, 5-12 mm. long mostly folded, acut- ish to rounded, broadly linear to linear-oblanceolate, not contiguous, not opposite, cuneate and long-petiolulate at base, hoary with soft and spreading wavy almost woolly hairs fixed by the base. Stems not slender, decumbent below, a, little flexuous, about 2 ft. long, sulcate and green, tufted from rather woody root. Stipules triangular-subulate, rigid and reflexed, green above, hyaline below and connate, small. The stine in type is hardly longer than the calyx but other plants have stipe half as long as the pods and 5 times as long as calyx. In the valleys adjoining Mt. Shasta California on the north. Middle Tem- perate life zone, in gravelly places. Blooming in April and May. 8. Astragalus inversus Jones Cont. 5 276 (1893). Pods nearly horizontal or a little reflexed, 2.5-4 cm. long exclusive of the rather stout and tapering stipe which is about 1 cm. long, reddish when fresh and purplish when dry, 4-6 mm. high, nearly flat when dry but little so when fresh, straight or only a little arcuate. Flowers very loosely racemose, few, ascending, purplish, about 1 cm. long. Banner pinkish when fresh, with red stripes on the outside, about 1 cm. long, elliptical-oblong, a trifle wider below, ascending 45 degrees in a gentle arc from end of calyx tube, 4 mm. wide below, 3 mm. wide at tip, notched barely, with sides reflexed 2 mm wide below, appearing fid- dle-shaped by the sulcus being very narrowly LT-shaped at base and widening above at the tip where the sides are not at all reflexed, sulcus 1 mm. deep below, becoming a mere line above; white spot barely visible but its place taken by purple veins. Wings obliquely oblanceolate, ascending 30 degrees, 3 mm. wide, concave to keel and flaring, the left hand one the most so, erose at the acutish tij), pinkish with stripes, nearly 2 mm. longer than keel. Keel lunate, about 2 mm. wide in the middle, acute at both ends and equally arched from base to the erect tip which is yellowish and darker, base of keel nearly round in cross section. Calyx tube round in cross section, cara- panulate, about 3 mm. long and 2 mm. high, red. nearly equally inserted at the acutish fleshy base, teeth minute, triangular from a broad base Pedicels stout 1-2 mm. long and about as long as the small, greenish, ovate bracts. Peduncles often a foot long, green and sulcate as are the stems and leaves, very slender and falcate, the few flowers scat- tered along the upper end. Leaves about 1 dm. long, all petioled with the 74 green rachis scarcely tapering. Leaflets 2-5 pairs, remote, narrowly linear, acutish to obtuse, conspicuously reduced above, the terminal one phyllodia-like but mostly short-jointed to rachis, and mostly larger or longer than the upper ones. 1-2 cm. long. Stems decumbent to weakly ascending, very slender and lax, 2-3 ft. long, the slender inter- nodes longer than the leaves, several from a fleshy erect root. Whole habit of A. junceus and evidently repleces it in the Sierras. Susan- with Pinus ponderosa, Quercus, Agropyron and Lotus in black and rich soil. Middle Temperate life zone, blooming in June. It has the plant green, and pubescence very sparse and scarcely visible, except on the calyx where it is minute and soft. Stipules green, rigid, subu- late, reflexed, about 4 mm. long above, barely connate below and very short. Growing on gravelly lava southern slopes among boulders along ville California and vicinity. 9. Astragalus campestris (Nutt.) Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 229 (1864). Homalobus campestris Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 351 (183s;. Homalobus tenuifolius Nutt. Not A. tenuifolius Desf. This is the common form in high mountains on rocky ridges, alpine and subalpine, with stems mostly flat on the ground from rather woody roots, short leaves and elongated peduncles and rather capitate flowers. Leaflets linear and very acute, the terminal one not elongated much, small, in- clined to be ashy-pubescent. From the mountains of New Mexico and probably the San Francisco peaks of Arizona northward to the tiritlsh line and westward in all the mountains of Utah and probably southern Idaho. Apparently not found in Neveda and the Sierras hvt to be exnected. This form rarely has pods a trifle sulcate dor- sally. For the general character of the species see the var de- c iMiDena All the varieties freely intergrade according to the shade and moisture in which they grow. Astragalus campestris var. decumbens (Nutt.) Jones. Homalo- bus decumbens Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 352 (1838). A. decumbens (Nutt.) Gray A. convallarius Greene, Phaca decumbens (Nutt.) Piper. Homalobus Salldse Rydberg. Pods about straight, about 2-3 cm. long, linear to oblanceolate, reflexed. Flowers 5-10 Banner obovate to oblong, veined from a darker and ring-like base, about 2 mm. longer than keel, about 3 mm. long, arched abruptly at end of calyx to about 85 degrees, sides scarcely reflexed except at base and less than 1 mm. wide, groove filling the whole banner, 3 mm. wide and 1 mm. deep, deeper below. Wings short, little longer than keel, oblanceolate, arched so as to expose base of keel, 1-1.5 mm. wide, concave to keel, twisted so os to be about horizontal at tip. Keel with erect part about as long as base and sharply arched to 90 de- grees and narrowly-triangular-acute. Calyx tube obcompressed at tip, Hedeoma like, cami)anulate, not deeper cleft above, with rounded sin i- ses, teeth slender, little shorter than tube. Peduncles very long and erect as to stems, often 2 dm. long, subterminal. Leaves narrow, thin, with 3-7 pairs of flat leaflets linear (often falcate) to narrowly oblong but acute at both ends, 2-25 mm. long, 1-9 mm. wide, rather distant, short-petiolulate and the lateral ones ,iointed to rachii. Stipules subulate, united near ground. Stems diffuse when growing alone, very slender, rarely 3 dm. long, many, from slender roots which branch below ground and spread out in open tufts, often straggling on the ground in open places but erect mostly in shade. Leaves very- variable according to shade. Pubescence attached at the end in the type but with a hump near base representing the other end of a pick- shaped hair, closely appressed and very variable but silvery only in the var. crispatus. The 'type of this variety has erect stems and linear leaves with the terminal one elongated and about as long as the slender petiole and raceme. It has the general habit of A. junceus, and is seldom collected. Lima Montana and Rexford, Idaho, Jones. Glenwood Springs, Colorado, Diehl. Type locality in southern Wyoming 75 along the overland trail by Nuttall. Middle Temperate life zone in brush In dry paces. What Gray mistook for this species and Intended to be called A. campestris is quite different and is what I had in view as A. decumbens var. camptstris. A. decumbens (Nutt.) Gray la a lower form with longer peduncles, and with terminal leaflet not elon- gated and connects with the next. This form blooms from July to September. Astragalus campestris var. hylophilus (Rydberg). Homalobus hylophilus Rydberg Fl. Mont. 247 (1900). H. decurrens Rydberg. A. divergens Blankenship. This is what Gray intended as A. campestris and what has been so considered by all botanists since. Plants grow- ing in the shade in moist places mostly at the north. Stems erect normally, with short internodes and long leaves and peduncles with inflorescence rarely surpassing the leaves much. Leaflets thin, most- ly green, barely acute, oval to linear, flat. Stems almost filiform from Eimilar and much branched underground branches of the tap root. Lommon in the mountains at the south from the subalpine down to the edge of the Middle Temperate and throughout the woods of the Middle Temperate at the north. New Mexico to southern Utah, north- ward and northwestwaid to the Cascades and the far north. A. strl- gosus C. & F., A., griseopubens Sheldon, Homalobus camporum Ryd- berg is an intermediate form with narrower leaves almost silvery- pubescent approaching the type of A. campestris var. decumbens: Astragalus campestris var. crispatus. Stems densoly tufted from woody root, with general habit of A. campestris, but inflorescence little longer than leaves. Pods ashy and leaves silvery with loose crisped hairs attached near 'the middle. Alta Montana in pine woods, Middle Temperate life zone. .Astragalus campestris var. serotinus (Gray Pac. R. R. 12 18, 51 t. 5 (1860) as species), A. decumbens var. serotinus (Gray) Jones. A. strigosus C. & F., griseopubens Sheldon, A. Palliseri Gray. This is a straggling elongated form much tufted and with slender root branches, elongated racemes and peduncles, the whole often 2 ft long, with leaflets from broadly linear to almost filiform, spar- ingly pubescent, calyx teeth very short and almost deltoid, and keel tip about deltoid and not long triangular as in most forms of the species. This is the common form throughout the Columbia drainage from near the Continental divide to the Cascades in open woods and on prairies. When the calyx teeth are subulate (which is com mon) and the pod slightly stipitate it corresponds well with A. Palliseri Gray. 10. Astragalus junceus (Nutt.) bray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 230 (1864) Homalobus junceus Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 351 (1838). A. diversifollus var. roborum Jones. Pods narrowly linear, acuminate at tip, 3-4 mm. wide, when mature cross section almost round from base to tip, gen- erally straight, but sometimes falcate a little either dorsally or ven- trally, 3-4.5 cm. long. Inverted on a slender and twisted pedicel. Leaflets all filiform or only rarely some lower ones flat, the upper ones mostly absent and rachis not larger toward tip. Seeds as wide as cavity. Stems mostly few together often solitary. Flowers broad and stubby not 1 cm. long, arched into a half circle. Banner broadly rblong-obovate or wider, arched at calyx tips to 110-125 degrees In sharp arc, the whole upper part is the groove which is a half circle and 5 mm. wide and 1.5 mm. deep and with an accessory groove down the middle, at a point about 2 mm. below tip of banner the groove narrows abruptly to about 1.5 mm. wide. At the base of the groove there is a narrowly triangular white spot with narrow end up and from the sides of this radiate out deep-purple veins darkest below. The erect part of banner is about 5 mm. high, with sides reflexed a trifle only at a point about 2 mm. below keel tip. Wings very obliquely el- 7^ liptical-ovate and close-pressed to keel to Its tip and concave to it, then flare a little and with the upper edge involute a little, wider "than keel, arched to 45 degrees and so concealing the keel, 2 mm. wide in the middle, entire, white, rounded. Base of keel falcate upward and the tip arched at le;ist 90 degrees to this in a short arc, and the tip sharp and produced and about 3 mm. high, dirty-purplish and gray- tipped. Calyx short-cylindric, a trifle laterally flattened at base and obcompressed at tip. not deeper cleft above. About 1.5 mm. Ihick, scarcely fleshy-thickened at base, about 4-5 mm. long. Teeth very short and the sinuses rounded and open. Flowers horizontal, mostly soon reflexed on stout pedicels. Frequent from the borders of Texas through northern Arizona and western Colorado and Wyoming at least to Halleck Nevada and northward to the British line in the up- per edge of the pinon and juniper belt and throughout the Middle Temperate life zone in dry places, preferably on gravelly mesas and gentle slopes, mostly in the sagebrush, not in the Columbia Basin. Since this is the common form and the species was described first I use this name instead of orthocarpus (diversifolius of Gray) which would have to displace the name of Boissier. Astragalus junceus var. orthocarpus (Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 351 (1838) as Homalobus). A. junciformis Nelson. This is a rare form with the rachis widened to a phyllodium, and with occasionally linear and flat leaflets. Green River Wyoming and vicinity and Helper Utah where all sorts of intergrades occur. Astragalus junceus var. attenuatus. Stems very slender. T.eaflets entirely absent or reduced to scales and rachis filiform-attenuate. Pods compressed throughout, narrowly linear, slightly falcate upwnrd, not wider above, about 5 cm. long and 2 mm. high and 1 mm. thick gradually attenuate to a filiform tip. Price Utah on the clay mesas in very poor soil, among the junipers. This is one of those ve;y interest- ing variations produced by peculiar alkaline deserts of the Navajo Basin, but not growing on alkaline flats, and is doubtless caused not by alkali but starvation, though the plant has become perfectly adapted to its environment as it is thrifty and not a sport, nor de- pauperate. 11. Astragalus Episcopus Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 10 346 (1875). Homalobus Rydberg. Pods flat even at maturity and with cross-section line.-.r, pod half-elliptical to oblong, 2-3 cm. long. 5-6 mm. high in the middle and hardly 1 mm. thick, tip and base shortly and obliquely trian- gular, the ba^e sometimes contracted to a thick stipe half as long as calyx, not sulcate. soon reflexed, smooth and shining, with central sut- ure copspicuously the more arched especially near the base. Seeds filling from half to a third of the width of cavity. Calyx cauipanulate, about ?■ mn;!. long, with very short deltoid teeth. Pedicels slender, about as long as calyx, rarely twisted even in fruit. Flowers white, tinged with pnrple, above about 8 mm. long, with straight base and tip arched to 45 to 90 degrees. Banner broadly ovate, about 1 mm. longer than wings, with sides reflexed below the middle to 1 mm. wide. Wings oblanceolate, oblique, acutish on the upper corner, about 2 m'Ti. wide and 1-3 mm. longer than keel, little flaring. Keel with straight base, rather sharply arched al tip to 90 degrees, and erect part 3-4 mm. high, rather narrowly-triangular but not conspicuously sharp as in al- lied species. Stems rigid, round, zig-zag, very much branched form- ing a mass about as broad as long, the internodes 3-5 cm. long, stems a))0'it 1-" ft high. Petioles almost as thick as stems and equal- ly rigid, tapering but bl'^'^t. rarely -^ +r'flp widened at tip, 6-8 cm. long, curved, with 1-2 pairs of silalternate srnttrrpd ip^fets. ^.r the upper OT.es without leaflets, leaflet? vhe--" ^hcTt r-re oblong, when long i-e linear. 3-20 rrm. long, thick and rigid, bl 'nt. Stip-i^es small hyaline. Proper peduncles as stout as stems and similar, rarely as long as leaves. 77 with racemose and scattered inforescence often a foot long, ercet. This IS Clearly a close relative of A. junceus though the pods and flowers are decidedly different. It grows in sandy places along the Pahria and in House Rock valley north of Lee's Ferry Arizona and southward along me Little Colorado at least 50 miles. Captain Bishop, for whom it is named also got it probably on the western side of the Kaibab south Kauab. 12. Astragalus lancearius Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 13 370 (1878). Mature pods rather shiny but minutely pubescent, light-colored, 2-2.5 cm. long, 5-7 mm. high, flat, ascending when young, horizontal to re- Hexed when ripe, almost sessile, with apiculate to triangulat ends, oblique but nearly straight, abruptly rounded at base, splitting calyx, linely cross-nerved, with dorsal suture straight or rarely a little con- cave, but with a convex hump near the 'tip mostly, tip in line with dorsal suture. Ventral suture very convex especially toward the base. Fruiting pedicels reflexed, 2-4 mm. long. Fruiting racemes long and loose. Flowers in loose racemes, white, with at least the keel and often the wings and banner purple-tipped, narrow, about 1-1.5 cm. long, straight. Immature pods nearly linear, mostly arcuate and not much flattened. Peduncles a foot or two long, sulcate, stout, strict, the rachis nearly as long. Banner ovate, arched abruptly at calyx tips to 45 to 80 degrees, waterlined, with sides reflexed about 3 mm. wide below and not at all at tip, 2-3 mm. longer 'than keel, rather remote from it and exposing it. Groove in banner 4 mm. wide at tip, and 1 and one half mm. wide and deep below. White spot with 8 broad white lines and narrow purple veins, round. Wings 6 mm. long, about 1 mm. wide, arched, rounded at tip, conniven't at tip, concave to keel and 2-3 mm. longer than it, oblong-oblanceolate. oblique Keel a little convex below and sharply rounded to the erect tip above, obtuse, half-triang i- lar-cuneate, reddish-purple, 3 mm. high, straight. Calyx tube cylin- drical nearly but flattened a little laterally, nearly straight, 3-4 mm. long, thin, narrowed below and attached on the lower corner, ashy, cleft much deeper above, and oblique a't tip, with nearly filiform teeth lax. Floral pedicels often shorter than the bracts. Bracts stiff, triangular, 2-4 mm. long. Proper stems rarely a foot long, flexuous, few, branched below, from a woody root, erect, green. Stipules green, I gid 3-8 mm. long, reflexed, adnate. Upper leaves reduced to the filiform rfichis, 3-5 cm. long. Central leaves 7-9 cm. long, with 1-2 pairs of folded or nearly filiform leaflets which are rigid, obtuse, ashy, hardly opposite, 1-2 cm. long, jointed to rachis. Lower leaves shorter and often with 1-2 pairs of linear flat leaflets. The plants have the habit of A. junceus, but stems rather more numerous, and root much branched and woody. This abounds on depressions and cracks in the sloping rocks of the San Rafael Swell foot. It blooms early in May and fruits two weeks later. The type locality is the Beaverdam Mts. west of St. George on the edge of Utah. It is more slender than A. Episcopus but tufted in the same way 13. Astragalus Woodruff! n. sp. Pods broadly linear, about 2 cm. long and 4 mm. high, flat, ashy, cartilaginous, erect and apprr3.5ed, s' ssile, arcuate, not splitting the calyx, the triangular beak with a Subulate tip and in line with the ventral suture, the base rounded. Sut.ires prominent and equally arched, the ventral concave. Flowers brilliant-pink-purple, 1-1.5 cm. long, straight, narrow, erect, rather densely spicate. Barner narrowly ovate, ascending 45 degrees in a gentle arc from end of tube, water-lined, pirjile throughout and with- out white spot, rounded to a trifle refuse, with sides reflexed 3 mm. wide below and not at all above. Groove a half circle at keel tip and shallowing to a line above and occupying one third the blade. Wings broadly linear, nrched 30 degrees, oboit 2 m"\ \vU\p, rounded, cblique at tip, white beyond keel and a little concave, flaring some above, purple-striped by a single line a little above the midrib. Keel half-cuncate, about 6-8 mm. long and half as wide, purple, rounded at tip. and base straight. Calyx tube carapanulate. about 3 mm. Ion-?, rounded at base and attached in the middle of the end, fleshy-thickened below, slightly flattened laterally, with lax and subulate teeth as long as tube. Whole plant finely ashy-silky with loose pubescence except the closely appressed-pubescent pods. Pedicels 2-4 mm. long and except in fruit shorter than the bracts which are rigid, green, and 3-5 mm. long. Peduncles stout, very sulcate, 1-2 dm. long, strict, longer than the floral rachis and shorter than the fruiting one, and with loosely racemose pods. Stems coarse and deeply sulcate, often 1 cm. thick, erect, 1-2 feet high, branched below, in very dense tufts 2-5 feet wide and 2-3 feet high, from a thick, fleshy and erect root. Leaves rarely 7 cm. long, small and inconspicuous, with 1-3 pairs of filiform, channeled, leathery leaflets, 1-2 cm. long, not jointed to rachis, distant, like the rachis. Stipules large, leathery, rigid, acute, green coarse, twice as wide and often twice as long as the adjacent leaflets the upper linear and erect, the lower triangular and often 1 cm. wide and as long as the included leaf or nearly. Lower leaves very small. This grows in drifting sand dunes and the like, in the Lower Tem- perate life zone. It has a strong snake-like odor and dries very slowly the whole plant being leathery. This is the most beautiful snecies of the genus when the whole mass is ablaze with the pink-purple bloom. On the sandy foot of the San Rafael Swell. Named for the late Rob- ert Woodruff C. E., iny companion in trips on the deserts of the Navajo Basin. 13A. Astragalus Pasqualensis .Jones Cont. 10 87 (1902). Pods about 2 cm. long 2 mm. high and 1 mm. wide, with beak in the middle of the end, sessile, ashy. Flowers purple, rather coriaceous, inclined to be sulcate at both sutures. 7-8 mm. long, wide, ascending, several in a close raceme. Banner round, abruptly reflexed to the calyx at its tip, about 5 mm. long, as long as wings and keel. Wings oblaneo- late, about 1 mm. wide, much narrower than keel. Keel about 5 mm. long, 2 mm. high about the middle, half-rhomboidal-obovate, acute, conspicuous. Calyx tube about 1 mm. long, hemispherical, with the subulate teeth twice to three times as long and spreading. Bracts subulate, about 1 mm. long. Pedicels stout, hardly 1 mm. long, re- flexed. Peduncles 2-3 cm. long, about half as lone; as rachis Leavps 3-4 cm. long, very broad almost sessile. Leaflets apiculate, distant f '^d obtuse, about 2 cm. Inng, rigid, hoary with very minute and fins hairs fixed by the middle. Stems a foot or two high, decumbent, leafy, with the internodes about half as long as leaves, from a woody base. Santiago de Pasqualo, Durango Mexico, Palmer No. 398, Auril to May 1896. This is probably not an Astragalus. Thpy very rigid and immature pods seem to have an inner lining and are wholly 1-celled (described as 2-celled), they seem to be sulcate or inclined to be sulcate at both sutrre'=!. pud probably are contracted between th-^^ seeds and partly separate when m^tnr-^. But so far as the material goes cannot be referred to pr\y other a-enus. What is evidently the same species is No. 5831 Purpus from Puebla Mexico, May 1912. 14. Astragalus simciicifolius (Nutt.) Gmy Proc. Am. Acad. 6 231 (1864) Phaca simplicifolia Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 350 (1838). Horanio- bus uniflorus Rydbers. Pods linear and short-acuminate to trinns;-!- I'lr-ovate, straight or with ventral suture concave, not ov^r 1 cm. lon-^, about 2 mm. high completely flat when young, elliptical in cross section when ripe, with acerose tip, sometimes brirely exceeding the calyx, mostly 1-seeded. Flowers C-8 mm. long, with light claws, solitary in the type on peduncles not longer than the very short leaves. Ban- ner about 5 mm. long, oval, arched abruptly at calyx tips to about 60 T9 degrees, hooded and emarginate, as long as, to 1 mm. longer than wings, groove deeper below, sides reflexed most in middle to 1 mm. wide, white spot very small and purple-veined. Wings archqd 30 de- grees, concealing keel, narrowly oblong, rounded, 2 mm. wide, as wide. Es and 2 mm. longer than keel, concave to It, one bent over keel and the other b'^nt out, inclined to be white-tipped. Keel rounded till the tip is erect or more incurved, obtuse to acute, dnrk-purple. Calyx narrowed but not gibbous below, not flattened, cleft deeper, above, apjuessed hairy, lower side straight and upper arched, tube 2-3 mm. long, teeth subulate and arched, about as Ions as tube. Pedicels about 1 mm. long in flower and 2 mm. long in fruit, much shorter than the bracts which are lanceolate, acuminate and nearly as long as calyx tube, pubescent. Lraf rachis rather rigid, enlarged above to a sin.gle uniointed leaflet which is in the type oblancenlate to spatulate or' lin- e'^r. flat or involute and barely 2 cm. long. Stems in dense cushions each crown about as broad as long. Branches of root 2-3 mm. thick, cushions 1-2 feet in 'linmeter. The type grows on the arH clay plains of the Green River Rasin Wyo. and adjacent Utah to Cave Hills S. Dakotah. Blooms May to July. It passes by imperce\)tible grada- tion into Astragalus simplicifolius var. oaespitosus (Nutt.) Jones Cont. 7 6-17 (1895) A. simplicifolius var. spatulatus (Sheldon) Jones Cont.. 10 65 (1902) A. spatulatus Sheldon Minn. Bbt. Stud. 9 22 (1894) Homalcbus caespitosus Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 352 (1838) Tragacantha caespitosa (Nutt.) Kuntze, Homalobus canescens Nutt, and brachy- carpus Nutt. A. lingulatns Sheldon. A. exilifolius Nelson. Pods linear, nearly 1 cm. long, straight or arched, erect or ascending, short-race- mose. Flowers several, capitate. Pedicels in fruit at least as long as the bracts, Peduncles conspicuous, longer than the leaves. Leaves either a long ligulate or filiform petiole without leaflets (3-5 f^m. Ion?) rr with 1-2 pairs of filiform to oblanceolate leaflets mostlv jointed to the rachis. From the Plains of central Colorado through \Vyoming to the Wasatch, and from the Cedar Mt. near Green River Utah and Duchesne Valley Utah northward to Assiniboia and the Yellowstone Park. A. lingulatns is the form with phyllodia-like petiole. A. exili- folius is a form with pods of simplicifolius and leaves nearly of lingu- latus. 15. Astragalus detritalis Jones Cont. 13 9 (1910). Pods narrowly- linear, falcate, about 2-3 cm. long, and 2 mm. high, minutely pubescent and mottled, flat when young at least, ascending, capitate, nearly sessile, with short-triangular and declined tip. Flowers about 1.5 cm. long, several, capitate. Calyx short-cylindric, about 5 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, with conical base, equally inserted, oblique at tip and much deeper cleft above, the arcuate and subulate teeth unequal and as long as tube. Banner oblong-oval, notched, 8 mm. long, erect, arched in f'pntle arc from base to tip, with sides reflexed 1 mm. wide in mid- dle, white spot of several bands 2 mm. below tip. Wings with blad'^ narrowly oblong, about 3 mm, wide, rounded and obtuse, flat to keel about 2 mm. shorter than banner and 3 mm. longer than the straight. Innate or boat-shapef^ krel which has a rounded and erect tin. Bracts about 8 mm. long with green tins. Leaves 5-8 cm. long, with slender petioles and about 2 nairs of oblanceolate leaflets all jointed to rachis as well as the terminal one wh'ch is not conspicuously larger than the rest, sorre of the less developed leaves are much shorter and some- Mmes with obovate leaflets. Stipule« lanceolate. Stems very short but '^'^t reduced to crowi<^, the internodes nearly as long as the stipules, ('"owing in small mats rarely a foot in diameter on clay knolls in the cq.non south of Theodore TTtah on the upper edge of the Juniper belt. This may be an pxtreme form of A. simplicifolius but though the ma- terial is ample there are no intergrades known. 80 16. Astragalus montanus (Niitt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 353 (1838) as Kentrophyta) Tragacantha montana (Nutt.) Kuntze, A, Kentrophyta Gray. Homalobus montanus (Nutt.) Britton, Kentrophyta viridls Nutt. This is a very variable species. The type has very rigid stems and leaves, the latter nearly sessile and with very spinose and rigid channeled rigid leaflets 5-10 mm. long which are linear-subulate, with conspicuous, hyaline and spiny stipules. Pubescence attached near the middle. Flowers 5-10 mm. long, white with purple keel tip. Banner arched to about 90 degrees or less abruptly and with hump below the bend, hooded, with very concave sides and little reflexed, th groove very narrow, the blade contracted about 2 mm. below the tip so that the general outline is oblong, the tip abruptly reflexed or not at all, deeply notched, a little wider at tip than below, finely striate-veined with purple, white spot evident, broad veined; wings connivent, oblong, ovate, to lunate obtuse to barely acute, about 3 mm. longer than keel or bearing the same relation when flowers are smaller, ascending to nearly 90 degrees. Keel purple-tipped and very sharp and much Incurved. The right wing folded over the end of the keel. Calyx short- campanulate and obconical and Hedeoma-like, with broad sinuses and subulate curved teeth about as long as tube which is about 2 mm. long, sometimes a little flattened above, obliquely attached. Pods in the type obliquely ovate, with short-acuminate tip, hoary, laterally flattened, not sulcate, about 4 mm. long. It abounds in mats on the bad lands of Wyoming, to S. Dakota mostly on clayey knolls, extend- ing over into Dakotah and Colorado and northward to Alberta, and southward to northern Airzona and New Mexico. Upper edge of the Lower Temperate and lower part of Middle Temperate life zone. Astragalus montanus van. Coloradoensis (Jones as Kentrophyta var. Cont 10 63 (1902). This is a form with stipules all free and small but acerose, white stems, and similar pods 10 mm. long. In the hot region of northern Arizona at Lee's Ferry on the edge of the Tro- pical life zone in dry plains. Astragalus montanus var. ungulatus. (Jones Cont. 7 650 (1895) as Kentrophyta var. This is a very condensed form with leaves harrilv 1 cm. long and leaflets about 7 mm. long. Stipules hyaline small and not acerose. Flowers about 5 mm. long Pods claw-like oblin lely ovate, with arched tip and nearly round in cross-section, rarely a trifle sulcate, hoary, 3-4 mm. long, mostly single in the axils. Rrr K-e- mont Nevada on barren gravelly knolls, Lower Temperate life zone. Kentrophyta Wolfii Rydberg is about this form. Astragalus montanus. var impensus (Sheldon Minn. Hot. Stud. 9 118 (1894) as A. viridis var. A. Ken trophvta var. elatus Watson. Kentrophyta impensa (Sheldon) Rydberg. This is an erect form or a matted form where some of the central stems are erect and often 2 feet high, with leaves of the tyi)e but mostly shorter, and the small flowers and pods of the vnr. ungulatus, but generally 2 or 3 feet at each node and pods sometimes with an elongated falcate and acerose tip and often nenrly smooth. This has the widest range of all the forms, from Fort Wingpte through north'^rn v^rizona. the Navnio Basin, westward to Pioche and the Sierras, throughout Utah and north- westward to Valli Walla in the Columbia Pa^in, at least in eastern Nevada. In the T ower Temperate life zone on dry gravelly mesas, mostly among the junipers. Astragalus montanus var. rotundus. (Jones Cont. 7 650 (1895) as tegetarius var. rotundus.) This is a prostrate straggling form with long stems and long internodes mostly, with the small pods and flowers of the var. ungulatus but pods conical, little flattened normally straight and with sutures arched and convex and with a tri- angular tip, leaflets about 5 mm. long and barely needle-tipped, linear. Flowers light-purple. Among the pine forests at the head of the Sevier Utah, Middle Temperate life zone. A similar form on the 81 Summit of Mt. Warren in the Sierras, Congdon. This is intermediate between the other montaniis forms and tegetarius but still has the hairs not fixed by the base. Astragalus montanus var. tegetarius (Watson Dot. King 76 (1871) as species). A. Iventroiihyta var tegetarius Jones. A. aculeatus Nelson A. tegetari.is car. implexus Canby. This is the high alpine form with filiform matted prostrate stems, very short leaves and leaflets rather green, mostly flat and linear-oblong and abruptly aculeate. Stipules connate, hyaline, often needle-tiiped, flowers minute to, 7 mm. long, normally purple but often white, either a few on a manifest short peduncle or single and mostly sessile. Pods from 3 to 8 mm. long, from oval, or half-oval, to ovate, little oblique, apiculate, much or little flattened laterally, smoothish when mature. Pubescence attached by the base. The only constant character is the pubescence attachment, in all other respects it shades into A. montanus, while the broader leaved forms of it have the hairs attached tlose to the end. Common in the high mountaii:!s from Colorado to the Sierras pnd northward to Montana and the moantains of eastern . Oregon, alpine and subalpine. , 17. Astragalus humistratus Gray PI. Wright 2 43 (1853). Tium Rydberg. 'A. albulus Wooton & Stanley. Leaves except the lowest, almost sessile, short with rather many pairs of leaflets, mostly close- set. Stipules united almost to very tip and large. The species' is very variable. The type character is given below. Stems intric- ately branched. only close to the stout tap root, then straggling over the ground vine-like for 1-2 feet. Leaflets contignous less pubescent above, linear-oblong, fully 1 cm. long, acute, hoary. Bracts large, about as long as calyx, subulate-lanceolate. Peduncles longer than the leaves and with short-racemose pods which are narrowly oblong, somewhat falcate, 1.5-2 cm. long, almost smooth to pubescent, several seeded rigid, silicate dorsally and with raised ventral suture. Flowers rather many, thick, inclined to be subcapitate, lead-purple to dirty- white. Banner water-lined, obcordate, with sides reflexed bplow, the groove deeply fan-shaped below and shallowing above making the banner seem hooded from behind. Wings nearly acute, sinuate to notched nn the lower side, arched to about 20 degrees, oblanceolate to obovate, 3 pim. wide, wider than the keel, the right hand one hooked over the end of keel and 1 mm. longer than keel, about 4 mm. long, light-colored. Keel dark-tipped, the erect part about as long as base and produced and rather acute, 3 mm. long. Calyx obcompressed toward tip, campanulate, about 3 mm. long, with rounded sinuses, often 2-bracted at base, from hoary when young to smooth when old, often wrinkled; teeth subulate and about as long as tube. Leaves kss pubescent above, often silvery. From the borders of Texas to the Sierra Madres of Chihuahua and the Colorado river and north- ward to I,.as Vegas. New Mexico, to the Navajo Basin, Panguitch and Cedar City Utah and Pioche Nevada on gravelly mesas among pines and junipers, Lower and Middle Temperate life zones. The species seems to vary only in the San Francisco Mt. region, where it is common. A. Arizonicus has much the same appearance as this. Astragalus humistratus var. Sonorae (Gray) Jon^s Cont. 10 58 '190?). A. Ponorae Gray PI. Wr. 2 44 (1833). Petioles ev'dent. Tjeaflets linear, rather distant, over 1 cm. long, acute, hoary. Pedun- cles not longer than leaves. Pods lunate hardly 1 cm. long, miich incurved, about 5 mm. high from suture to sutur^. not s il- r"te. much ebcomnress^d below. Plants less elongated. Stems long- persistent. This is a common form in Arizona to Cedar City Utah. Astr^g^lus humistratus var. Hosacki?e (Greene) .Tones Cont. 10 58 (1902) ~ A. Hosa<-kia^ Oreen Bull. C-i1. Acad. 3 157 (1885). Whole riant sparingly pub?scent. Leaflets smooth above, elliptical, hardly 1 ?2 cm. long, flat, contiguous and leaves sessile and short. Pods ovate, acute, about 6 mm. long, oblique and inflated but not conspicuously arcuate, cross section, inclined to be reniform and dorsal suture raised as in the species. Racemes short. This is a common form grow- ing in the shade on the Mogollon plateau of the San Francisco peaks. Astragalus humistratus var. tenerrimus Jones Cont. 7 649 (1895). This is the most slender form of the species with filiform stems grow- ing in loose mats even 3 ft. in diameter, elongated filiform peduncles 2-3 times the leaves which are 2-3 cm. long, the stem ones sessile, the other with filiform petiole evident. Leaflets flat, rarely contiguous, 3-.^ mm. long, oval to elliptical, about 5 pairs, rounded and obtuse, nearly smooth. Flowers about 8 mm. long, few. Pods broadly oblong and arcuate to 45 degrees, laterally flattened, about 1 cm. long, and 5 mm. high, not sulcate, smooth. In the parks of the Kaibab or Buckskin Mts. Arizona, overlooking the Grand Canon under the shade of the spruces and pines. Middle Temperate life zone. In gravel. 18. Astragalus sesquiflorus Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 10 346 (1875). Phaca Rydberg. Leaves all on filiform rigid petioles which are mostly as long as leaf-rachis, 2-3 cm. long. Leaflets 3-4 pairs, barely contiguous, linear-elliptical, very acute at both ends, 3-7 mm. long. Whole plant hoary except the pods. Stems in dense, soft and not compact, 1-3 dm. wide tufts with innumerable branches only a few inches long rising a few inches above the ground, the internodes only on the longer stems rarely much surpassing the recurved and lon^^- acuminate stipules. Peduncles filiform and rigid and with the rachis a little surpassing the leaves, with flowers very few and racemos? toward the ends, on pedicels about 2 mm. long which are ni'ich shorter than the filiform, elongated, recurved and long-hairy bracts. Calyx Hedeoma-like, that is campanulate or conic, acute at base and equally inserted but not at all compressed nor oblique, the tube about 2 mm. long, and the subulate and arched teeth about 3 mm. long. Flowers bluish-purple, 5-8 mm. long. Banner bent sharply at the end of keel to erect, sides scarcely at all reflexed, about 4 mm. wide, with oval outline, but rs you look at it broadly ovate. Groove in banner forming a half circle, about 2 mm. wide and extending to tip nf banner. No white spot V'ina-s 1 mm wide, bent up at calyx t'ibe to 45 degrees and exposing keel base, oblaneolate and obtusp. very oblique, 3 mm. long, conrave to keel and close-pressed to it and not quite as long, purple. Keel wUh tip bent abruptly at calyx t'n to 90 degrees, acuminate to a sharp tip, about 3 m^m. high and tip d'lrk- purple. Pods often mottled, shaned about like a meat-chopper that is. broadly oblnnceolate-fnlcate, with the deltoid tin erect and end- ing in a long subulate cusp, abo it 1 cm. long, flat toward tip, trl- angular-cnrdnte in the middle by being sulcate. gradually flattening down toward base till completely obcompressed and inclined to be substipitate, seeminsrly b-it not ft all inflated. This has a superficial resemblance only to A. pauciflorus. being manifestly a clos<^ ^Vy to A. humistratus r^nd connecting with the Sericoleucl. On Sandy edges from the Pahria throusrh Kanab prifi the Vir^rin bluffs in the Grand Can-^n region. Lower Temperate life zone. Blooms in Anr'l . 19. Astragalus humillimus fJray Brandegee's Rep. San Juan 235 (1876). Phaca humillima (Gray) Rydberg. Densely caes'iitose and practically aculog-rr^t in small mats f''om very woody and s>^ort branches of the crown. Leaves about 1 cm. long, the fiii<''"rm pet'ole about half the whole. T^eaflets 3-5 pairs, folded, thirk. silvery, .abo-it 2 mm. long. Stipules lightly hairy above, closely imbricated, broadly ovate to deltoid. Peduncles a little longer than the leaves. 1.5-2 en. long, with 1-3 flowers racemose at the ends. Flowers hardly 5 mm. long, light-purple, horizontal, on a relatively slender pedicel. Bracts broadly ovate and acutish, a little longer than the pedicels but not equaling the calyx. Calyx obconic, rather oblique at tip and base, a little over 2 mm. long, with the triangular black teeth about a third the whole. Banner purple-speckled, about 2-3 mm. long, abruptly arched at calyx tips to nearly erect, about oval b it with sides reflexed from base to tip and seeming oblong. Wings a trifle shorter than banner and arched 45 degrees, bro-adly oblanceolate,. obtuse, not ex- posing keel, white or tinged with purple and a little speckled, keel about 2 mm shorter than br.nner (blade) and gently arched to near the tip and then sharply arched in all to about 200 degrees, then the very broadly deltoid tip erect, purple. Pods hoary, ovate and with cross section rather rounded, about 4 mm. long or less, about 1-seeded. Apparently not sulcate nor conspicuously oblique. This has the habit of A. montanus and has doubtless been mistaken for it. Blooms April to May. Gathered by Brandegee on the Mesa Verde Colorado. Apparently common at the Grand Canon of the Colorado rt the end of the railroad on sandy ledges. The floral characters p-e taken from the Grand Canon material. This can at once be separated from montanus by the leaflets jointed to the rachis 20. Astragalus Gilensis Greene Tor. Bull. 8 97 (1881). Leaflets about 8 pairs, shortly acute, 5-7 mm. long, with the appearance much that of A. humistratus and with hairs not fixed at the ends. Leaves inclined, to spread out on the ground, 5-8 cm. long, rarely more. Prdunclps many, scapose, inclined to be decumbent, 10-12 cm. long. Flowers capitate, about 10, purple, about 7 mm. long. Calyx tube about 3 mm. long campanulate, narrowed below, the subulate teeth nearly as long. Bracts acuminate-lanceolate, ascending, hyaline, about 3 mm. long. Banner nearly round, 2-3 mm. long, abruptly arched to erect at calyx tips, with sides much reflexed and rather deeply notched. Wings broadly linear, rounded, arched to 45 degrees and exposing keel base, about 2 mm. shorter than banner and as much longer than keel. Keel almost exactly that of A. humillimus but tip a trifle more acute, about 2 mm long. 1 mm. shorter than win^s, 2 mm longer than calyx. Pods about 5 mm long, and a half longer than the calyx, half-oval, the dorsal suture straight and the ventral jiuch arched and very thick, not inflated, laterally flattened and cross- section ellii)tical, sharply and very abruptly apiculate, rigid and hoary with close hairs, both sutures thick and prominent. This has many short branches from the crown and conspicuous stipules overlapping so as to form a narrow cone like mass 1-3 cm. wide, the edges, some- what ciliate but otherwise hyaline and smooth. This has the general anpearance and habit of A. calycosus, but the flowers and pods are of the Sericoleuci. This grows in dry places along the canon, of the Gila in New Mexico and Arizona. Lower Temperate life zone. Also gathered by Parry No. 204 Mex. Bound. Survey at Santa Cruz Pass. Also in the Mogollons Socorro Co New Mex Metcalfe. 21. Astragalus sericoleucus Gray Am. Journ. Sci. Ser. 2 33 410 (1862). Phaca sericea and trifoliata Nutt.. Orophaca serieca (Nutt.) Britton. Tragacantha sericea (Nutt ) Kun^^ze. Pods hoary, about 6 mm. long, oblong-ovate, flattened a little laterally but not arched, half Included In calyx, a trifle inflated. Flowers normally purple, near- ly sessile, rarely 1 cm. long, few at the ends of a short peduncle v^hich is rarely as l-u'r as the leaves or even shorter than the sti- r' I'^s. Banner oval to obovate, notchf^d. 4-8 mm. long, abruntly arched at end of calyx to erect or more, with evident white-spot and purple- veined. Wings lanceolate, often oblique, about as wide as keel at base and 2-3 mm. longer and about as much shorter than banner. Keel not surpas"?''ng calvx teeth, with base about straight and erect part as long and arched sharply to at least 90 degrees, obtuse and purple- F4 tipped. Calyx conic, with tube about 3 mm. long and as long as the triangular and curved teeth. Bracts often as long as calyx. Primary leaves sometimes with 5 leaflets, the rest with three, early petioles very short and later ones elongated. Pubescence attached near the middle, fine and wavy. In the type the calyx is not deciduous. It closely resembles A. Alberti Bunge. Frequent on the plains of northern Colorado and adjacent Nebraska and "Wyoming. Middle Temperate life zone, in dry places. Blooming in May. Astragalus sericoleucus var. aretioides Jones Cont. 8 13 (1898). Orophaca Rydberg. This is a very condensed form with flowers barely exserted from the stipules and with stems reduced to crowns, the leaves very short and with almost no petiole. Leaflets usually acute. On gravelly hills of the Laramie Plains, Wyoming. Astragalus sericoleucus var. tridactylicus (Gray) Jones Cont. 10 69 (1902). A. tridactylicus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 527 (1865.) Orophaca Rydberg. Tragacantha Kuntze. Phaca digitata Nutt. An unpublished name. Pods globose-ovate, nearly smooth to puberulent, 3-4 seeded. Flowers mostly included in the stipules, from 1 cm. long to half as long and very variable. Calyx soon falling from the pod. Leaves usually long-petioled. Leaflets rather narrow and often 1.5 cm. long. Stems reduced to crowns. With the type but less com- mon. The extreme form seem very distinct, but it intergrades. 22. Astragalus tegetarioides Jones Cpnt. 10 66 (1902). Pods about twice the calyx, about 3 mm high and 1-2 mm. wide, abruptly apiculate at both ends, splitting the calyx, chartaceous, coarsely reti- culated, translucent, laterally flattened but bulged at the single sped, ashy, rather ascending, sutures obscure and nerve-like, sides rather concave, cross section ovate, or when bisulcate dorsally appearing 4- angled, both sutures convex but the ventral the more so. Flowers about 5 mm long, horizontal. About half a dozen in a head which be- comes a short raceme in fruit, 5 mm. long. Banner purple-striped, about 3 mm long, oval, abruptly erect at end of teeth, with sides much re- flexed. Wings broadly obovate, very oblique, wider than keel and 1 mm. longer, 1 mm. shorter than banner. Keel barely surpassin-:;; the calyx, rounded from base to a half circle, obtuse, about 1 mm. higb. Calyx turbinate-campanulate. the tube about 1 mm. long, narrowed a'-'d unequally inserted at base on a filiform pedicel which is at lo'-^t as long as calyx tube, not obl'que fibove. Teeth subulate, lax. nenrly 2 mm. long. Bracts lanceolate, shorter than the pedicels. Pedum^leg filiform, about 2 cm. long. Leaves 2.5-4 cm long, with the filifnr m 1 etiole over half the whole. Leaflets thick, folded, nearly conti2;no!is, about 4 pairs, 4-5 mm. long, obcordate to oval-obcordate. with cuneate and lons'-petiolulate base, truncate, to notched. Stipules nearly deltoid, with subulate tips, green at first, 3-5 mm. long. Stems much branched forming dense mats, about 1 mm. thick, flexuous, with internodes about 1 cm. long. "Whole iilant silverv with wavy hairs. On the southf^rn Blue Mts. Oregon in the Ruck Range, in sandy soil, No. 2619 Cusick. blooming in June. This has the habit ff te^'etarius and lentiformis. But for the 1 celled pod it would go with lentiformis. 23. Astraq^ius quinqueflorus Watson Proc. Am. Acad. ?1 450 (1886). Pods about 4 mm, high and 2-3 mm wide, ashy, half-oval, very obtuse and ai;iculatp coarsely 5-7 ribbod. with thick sutures, rarely a little sulcate dorsally in the middle, laterally flattened, with cross sec tion ovate or a little cordate, pendent, splitting the calyx, several seeded Flowers white, about 3 mm. long, rarely 5 in a loose raceme. Banner round, abruptly arched to erect at end of tube, about 2 mm. long, sides a little reflexed. Wings oblanceolate, arched, about 1 mm longer than keel and as much shorter than banner. Keel about 1 mm long the base a little arched and end abruptly rounded to about 110 degrees and then 85 the tip erect and acute, about 1 mm. high, purple-tipped. Calyx tube about 1 mm. long, campauulate, acute at base and equally inserted, cleft deeper above and with unequal teeth about as long as tube. Pedicels slender, about 3 mm. long, much longer than the minute bracts. Pe- duncles filiform, subterminal, often 1 dm. long, weak, with fruiting racemes 1-3 cm. long. Leaves about 5 cm. long, with the petiole fully half the whole. Leaflets about 4 pairs, thickish, broadly linear, obtuse, hardly ,^ mm. long, folded, distant. Stipules not connate, triangular to subulate, 2-3 mm. long. Stems a few inches long, many from the crown, with slender internodes, prostrate. Hills and plains of Chihua- hua Mexico to Zacatecas. Tropical. This has the habit of A. Brandegei- F6 TRIPHYLLI 2. Densely cfespitose and aeaulescent plants with largo crowns and digitate silvery leaves. Flowers elongated and narrow 2-3 cm. long, white. Peduncles none, with flowers sessile among the stipules Avhich are large, hyaline and smooth above and long-hairy below. Pods about ovate, hoary, very small and inclosed in calyx. Much nearer related to the Ocreati than the Sericoleuci. Flowers smooth. 24 tripbyllus Flowers hairy. 25 hyalinus 24. Astragalus triphyilus Pursh Fl. 740 (1814). Phaca caespitosa and argophylla Nutt. A. gilviflorus Sheldon. Orophaca caespitosa (Nutt) Britton. Leaflets 3-5, oblanceolate, 1-2 cm. long, acutish, often folded, jointed to the variable petiole, densely pnbescent with warty straight, slender hairs fixed near the base. Flowers with banner oblanceolate to obovate and with a long and narrow claw, a little arched at tip ina gentle arc, sides much reflexed. about 9 mm. longer than keel. Wings linear to narrowly oblanceolaterounded and obtuse, straight, about 3 mm. wide, as wide as keel and 2-7 mm. longer. Keel blade broadly linear, straight, about 7 mm. long, purple-tipped, but little wider at tip where the lower side is arched in semicircle and with the upper corner very obtuse and not produced, general oitline nearly linear-cuneate. Calyx tube cylindric, often a little inflated, 1-1.5 cm. long, straight, laterally flattened, with acute and obliq'ie base, not 5 mm. wide, appressed-shaggy with white hairs, the teeth triangular and about 3 mm. long. Pods 5-7 mm. long, acute, cro^s section nearly round, the ventral suture a trifle arched, little if at p11 sulcate. Ventral suture raised and decidedly thickened. On the Plains frnm Nebraska and northern Colorado to the base of the P.cr-lc'es and northward to the Sn«katchewan, apparently not on the Pacific slope. Blooms early in May. 25. Astragalus hy?linus Jones Cont. 7 648 (1895). Stems loo^e'v matted, us-iplly erect 2.5-6 cm. high at the ends of the much branched tap root. Stipules very conspicuous, large and much imbricated, at least 2 c'Ti. long, smooth except at base. Leaflets narrowly elliptical to oblanceolate. rbnit 1 cm. long and 4 mm. wide, 3, densely silvery- silky with h-^irs attach'^d rear the middle Petiole variable. Flowers and pods similar to fi^e above but flowers hairy all over. On the Plains with A. triphyllis and may be an abnormal form. DEBILES 3. Pods nearly sessile or shortly stipitate, papery (chartac- eous in A. leptalens), inflated, completely 1-eelled, and with dorsal suture not at all intruded, nigrescent, becoming gla- brous with age, about straight but oblique, nearly half -oval to half-ovate or narrowly oblong, but little flattened laterally if at all (decidedly flattened in A. Bourgovii), cross-section nearly round, not sulcate or only flattened dorsally (some- times sulcate in leptaleus and Bourgovii). Ventral suture about straight and tip not declined (except possibly in A. po- laris), dorsal suture the more arched. Flower 7-12 mm. long, few or in heads. Calyx tube nigrescent, cleft deeper above, hyaline, campanulate, 2-3 mm. long, narrowed below, the teeth subulate and nearly as long as the tube. Petals rather broad and short-clawed. Keel purple-tipped. Peduncles long and filiform. Bract green and lanceolate, a little longer than the pedicels, small and short. Leaflets thin and flat. Stipules large, connate at least below, green. Stems slender, perennial, flexuous, weak, with slender internodes and weak and narrow leaves, spreading over the ground, from rather slender roots and much divided crowns from fleshy or woody roots. This section would seem to belong to the Inflati but all its relatives are here. A. vaginatus Pall, referred to in Hooker's Fl. Bor. Am. 1 149 in which the description of Pal- las is quoted would naturallj^ come here, but that species is A, versicolor, while the plant of Richardson (on which Hooker bases A. vaginatus) and which Sheldon calls A. Richardsoni is A. Bourgovii probably. A. versicolor does not grow in America. KEY A. Pods larne, oval-oblong, 3-5 cm. long, greatly inflated, not reflexed, single or few at the ends of filiform peduncles. Roots not woody. Arctic plants. 26 polaris. 2A. Pods small, not over 1.5 cm. long, somewhat inflated, the cross, section inclined to be ovate, on a minute stipe, or short, few at the ends of the filiform peduncles. 2AB. Pods apparently sessile or on a scarcely noticeable stipe, oblique, broad. Flowers capitate when in bloom. Leaves petioled, rather few. Leaflets 3-5 pairs. Wet meadows 27 debilis. Leaves sessile., very many. Leaflets 6-S pairs. Arctic. 28 Yukonis. 2A2B. Pods distinctly stipitate, little oblique, narrow, mostly sul- cate dorsally. Leaves all petioled. Stipe 2 mm. long. Calyx 3-4 mm. long. Pods sharp at both ends. Peduncles shorter than leaves. Pedicels longer than bracts. 29 Bourgovii. Stipe about I mm. long. Peduncles longer than leaves. Pedicels not longer then bracts. Pods acutish only. 30 leptaleus. 88 Debiles. 26. Astragalus polaris Benth. in Hook. f. Arct. PI. 323 (1861). This is also Tr. Linn. Sec. 330. Pods about 2 cm. wide and high, speckled, obtus^^ at Loth ends, seemingly much obcompressed, with dorsal suture a little arched and the ventral about straight when mature but convex when young and with tip declined, ascending, black-hairy, sessile rr with a minute and jointed stipe splitting the calyx. Calyx rather long-campanulate, 4 mm. long, the teeth about half as long. Flowers 1-3, the blades of petals 3-4 times as long as calyx, the kfeel shorter than the rest. Peduncles about 1 dm. long in fruit, axillary. Leaves about 1 cm. long, with a petiole about 1 cm. long. Leaflets 5-7 pairs, ovate to oblong or elliptical, about 2 cm. long and 7 mm. wide, refuse to deeply notched short-petiolulate, dis- tant. Stems delicate and very slender, about a foot long, diffuse. Stipules hyaline, about 7 mm. long. Internodes about 2-3 cm. long. Plants smooth to sparingly pubescent. This imperfectly known species from Cape Vancouver grows in the tundra. Arctic. 27. Astragalus debilis. (Nutt.) Gray Proc. Phil. Acad. 60 (1863) . Phaca debilis Nutt in T. & G. Fl. 1 34.5 (1838). A. Bodini Sheldon. Homalobus Rydberg. Pods half-oval, about 5-8 mm. long, the ventral suture about straight or a little convex toward the end, abont 3-4 mm. high, rather laterally flattened, the cross section being broadly ovate or rarely a little cordate by being a trifle sulcate dorsally, minutely stipitate, apiculate at both ends, widely spreading or reflexed. Flow- ers in the type in dense heads on peduncles longer than the leaves, shortly-spicate in fruit, light-purple to purple-tipped, many, spreading, about 1 cm long, rather narrow. Banner oval to oblong-oval, about 5-7 mm. long, ascending abruptly to 45 degrees at calyx tips, with sides reflexed below and about one half mm. wide, not at the notched tip; groove reduced to a mere line above but forming a hnlf circle and about 1 mm. wide below keel tip; white spot comes within 1 mm. of tip, is obovate to fan-shaped and lacerate above with fine purple lines, purple veins run through the spot and unite in twos below but do not form a ring, spot is about 2 mm. wide and 3 mm. long, the whole banner is purnle-veined. Wings about 3 mm. long, sometimes 2 mm. wide, obliquely oblong, with narrowed but cbtuse tip. If^ft one spreading, concave to keel pnd nearly horizontal with concave sid^ down toward the tip and right hand one incurved over keel, nearly 2 mm. longer than keel and as much shorter than banner, puride- veined. Keel much inflated near the calyx tips but flat beyond and a half longer, incurved about 100 degrees and very obtuse, dark-pur- ple. Calyx tube about 3 mm. long, almost cylindrical, laterally com- pressed below and obcompressed near tip, the lower side straight, the upper arched, neither oblique nor unequally inserted. Teeth equal, subulate and 2 mm. long. Pedicels short and stout, black. 1 mm. long in flower, often twice the calyx and inclined to be twisted in fruit. Bracts, about 3 mm long. Peduncles 2-12 cm. long. Upper leaves slender, narrow and sessile, rather appressed, rarely 1 dm. long, green, a little fleshy when fresh but drying very thin. Leaflets 6-8 pairs, oval to lanceolate mostly acute, 4-15 mm. long, about 6-8 mm. wide, ascending, rarely co^tieuous. Stipules trianc:ular 4-10 mm. long, mostly reflexed, green. Stems weak, slender, delicate, 1-3 ft. long, many, proptrate when not supported by grass forming masses 2-4 fee* wide from woody crown. Pubescence of whole plant sparsely ashy to almost none. Grows in moist meadows where the soil is a little alkaline. Middle Temperate life zone. Blooms in late summer. This is a plant of wide distribution but rarely seen. North Park Colorado Osterhout, Cummins, and Centennial Valley Wyo. Nelson; Loa, Utah Ward and .Jones, British Columbia Macouu, North Platte Nel). Ryd- berg distributed as A. giganteus; Stevenson and Laramie Wyo. by Cleburn in 1875. A form from Salubria, Idaho by myself though only Debiies. 89 in flower and with all the leaflets short, oval and very obtuse, and peduncles only half as long as the leaves probably belongs here. A. Bodini is the ordinarily well developed form. 28. Astragalus Yukon is n. sp. Pods immature, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate and somewhat arcuate upward, hardly 5 mm. long, ascend- ing. Eastwood pods are about 7 mm. long by 3 mm. wide, broadly oblong, round to a little oblate in cross-section, 2-3 seeded, thin, short-hairy, erect, a trifle cordate at base, with strong raised ven- tral suture externally, shortly and very obliquely acute. Flowers purple, about 8 mm. long, about 5 at the ends of almost capillary ped- uncles longer than the leaves. Banner obovate, about 5 mm. long, arched abruptly at end of calyx to nearly erect, with sides reflexed about 1 mm. wide to tip; white spot triangular and purple veined, with the center produced as a white strip to tip of blade, 2-3 mm. longer than wings. Wings oblanceolate, oblique, a little arched, rounded, about 1 mm. longer than keel. Keel about straight along the base, about 4 mm. long, the tip abruptly erect, obtuse and 3 mm. high. Calyx tube about 2 mm. long, slightly oblique at both ends, nearly equally inserted, the triangular teeth about as long. Pedun- cles about 1 mm. long and equaled by the bracts. Pedicels 5-7 cm. long, in the upper axils. Leaves 2-5 cm. long, all rather long- petioled, innumerable, narrow. Leaflets 3-5 pairs, oval to elliptical, rarely 5 mm. long, rounded, ashy with rather coarse stiff white hairs, sparse, appressed. Internodes very many, rarely 1 cm, long. Stems petioles and peduncles almost capillary, stems very many from a stout and erect rrot, ni'ich branched and forming delicate mats often a foot or two wide. Stipules small, rarely 3 mm. long. Though the pcds are immature the plant is clearly new. No. 1082 Gorman from Ranch valley near Fort Selkirk on the Yukon in mnist meadows. July 5 1899. The Ayan name is Kto-goonh. Distributed as A. debilis. No. 626 Miss Eastwood Whitehorse on the Yukon July 23, 1914. 29. Astragalus Bourgovii Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 227 (1864) Pods fully 15 cm long exclusive of the 2 mm. long stipe, from flatfish to rrnrly round in cr-^ss-sect'on, 4-5 m^^. high, half-ovate-lanceolate to obliquely oblong-oblanceolate, acute at both ends. Flowers ascend- ing, few, racemose, stout and thick, about 1-1.5 mm. long, purple. Pinner 7 mm. long, ovate-oval, short and abruptly arched at the ends of the calyx teeth to 90 degrees, but little longpv than the keel, with sides much reflexed. Wings little shorter than the banner, lanceolate, a little arched 1 mm. wide, narrower than keel. Keel 7 mm. Ions;, straight, sharply rounded, 2 mm. shorter than the banner, purple aabove, with ti)ie erect, acute and 3 mm. high, a trifle shorter thin the win?'^. Calyx tube oblong-campanulate, 3-4 mm. long, narrowed below, with mouth scarcely oblique, with teeth triangular to filiform-subulate and about half as long as tube. Pedicels slender, mostly twisted and with pod inverted, about as long as the calyx teeth and about 2 mm. long in flower, but the lower fruiting pedicels often 1 cm. long. Bracts- ovate to subulate, delicate, 1 mm. long. Peduncles almost filiform, nearly all terminal, much longer than the leaves, about as long as the stems, 10-15 cm. long including the short rachis. Racemes short, spi- cate in flower, with about 5-10 flowers. Leaves not over 7 cm. long, slender, with lower petioles about as long as the leaf rachis. Leaflets acute at both ends, narrowly ellinticnl to oblone or lanceolate, not over 1-1.2 cm. long, 4 mm. wide, of 7-8 pairs, puberulent, nearly contiguous, reduced only at the ends of the leaves. Stipu'es scarious, 4 mm. long nearly wholly connate. Stems 1-2.5 dm. high, ascending, with inter- nodes not over 2-3 cm. long. Root woody, crowned by many filiform and subterranean stems which form loose mats. Pubescence strigulose, sparse and short. This has the habit of A. aboriginum and resembles A. debilis but the leaves are more rakish and the leaflets sharp. Saw- 90 Debiles. tooth Mts. southern Idaho and eastward to eastern Montana and northward to British Columbia, not in Utah, alpine and subalpine on rocky slopes, blooming in July and August. The type has very short stems. The less alpine forms have longer stems and leaves. 30. Astragalus leptaleus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 220 (1864). Phaca pauciflora Nutt. A. pauciflorus (Nutt.) Gray. Pods rarely 1 cm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, chartaceous, a trifle inflated, elliptical-lanceolate or ovate to oval, acutish, abruptly contracted into a stipe about half as long as calyx, very shallow and widely-sulcate or flat dorsally, rather obcompressed, appearing as if nearly round in cross section, little oblique, sometimes a little curved and resembling small forms of A. flexuosus. Flowers 2-5, white (rarely purplish) on the ends of long and filiform axillary peduncles which are shorter than the leaves, about 1 cm. long. Banner obovate to oblong-obovate, about 7 mm. long, 4-5 mm. wide, notched, abruptly arched to 45 degrees at calyx tips, 2-3 mm. Longei* than wings. Wings oblanceolate, 2 mm. wide, rather arched often to 30 degrees, 2 mm. longer than keel. Keel very short, about 2 mm. long and high, rounded to a half circle from base, very obtuse. Calyx tube about 3 mm. long, narrowed below, not oblique, a little longer than the subulate teeth and about as long as the filiform pedicel and subulate bract. Peduncles 2-5 cm. long. Leaves 7-10 cm. long, very narrow with ascending leaflets, and very delicate. Leaflets 7-11 pairs, lanceolate to elliptical, acute, distant, long-petiolulate, 7-12 mm. long. Stipules narrowly subulate, not reflexed, 4-10 mm. long, connate even on the uppermost nodes. Stems filiform, flexuous and very weak, rarely a foot long, often only a few inches long, the internodes rather short, minutely and sparsely pubescent but seemingly smooth. Whole plant very delicate, supported by the grass in the deep meadows in which it grows. Stems very few from slender running rootstocks as in A. andinus. This is equally rare with A. debilis and with the same wide distribution. Middle Temperate life zone. From Santa Fe New Mexico northward to British America. Westward to Gunnison Colorado, not as yet found in Utah nor the Great Basin. Monida, Somers, Big- fork Montana, Jones. «7 INFLATI. Pods papery, rarely ehartaceoiis, (coriaceous only in A. Beckwithii, oocarpus, and lentiginosus at times) conspicuously inflated (some forms of A. lentiginosus, Palmeri, and pauci- florus onl.y slightly so), wholly 1-celled (except in A. lenti- ginosus which is variously 2-celled and A. Beckwithii and triquetrus have the dorsal suture raised within somewhat), the dorsal suture not at all produced (except as noted above), the ventral suture somewhat thickened and produced within and seed-bearing along the middle only, mostly suleate ventral- ly and the suture nearly straight to concave or sometimes convex in the middle, the dorsal suture the more arched and rarely suleate, pod tardily opening. KEY A. Pods wholly 1-ceiled (dorsal suture a little intruded in A. Beck- withii) AB, Pods small, rarely 2 cm. long, sessile, jointed to a minute stipe in A. pubentissimus and sabulonum, never balloon-shaped. Calyx turbinate to campanulate. Flowers small rarely 1 cm. long. ABC. Densely tufted or caespitose perennials. Flowers racemose, much arched, widely spreading or reflexed. Keel purple Pods reflexed or horizontal. Leaves ail petioled and crowded Miseres. ABCD. Flowers 5-8 mm. long. Stipules connate high up and inclined to turn black in drying. Peduncles filiform, axil- lary, shorter than the leaves, over 2 cm. long. Leaves about 5 cm. long, with 4-6 pairs of narrowly elliptical leaf- lets about 1-2 cm. long which are cuneate at base and api- culate. Stems very slender, branched below, very many, 1-2 feet long, about prostrate, from a rather much branched root. Northern plants. Pods oblong, inclined to dry black, little inflated, much flattened. 31 pauciflorus. Pods nearly globose, not blackening, much inflated, not flattened. 32 miser. ABC2D. Flowers mostly barely 5 mm. long. Stipules not- connate, broad and reflexed, small, not turning black. Pods very oblique but not aircuate, papery. Peduncles barely 1-2 cm. long and with rachis about as long. Leaves about 3 cm. long, with 3-5 pairs of oval to cuneate-obovate notched leaf- lets, not over 1 cm. long. Stems branching above, prostrate about a foot long or less, flexuous and with short internodes. Plants of the sagebrush plains at the eastern base of the Sierras. Whole plant softly long-hairy. 33 Pulsifers. Plants ashy with closely appressed short hairs. 34 diurnus. 92 Inflati. ABC3D. Flowers about 5-9 mm. long, purplish, rarely white. Calyx narrowly campanulate. Stipules not connate, rather wide, not turning black. Pods shaggy, with longer and den- ser hairs than on the leaves opening along botn sutures at tip, obcompressed, narrow, conspicuously arcuate, inclined to be sulcate at both sutures, somewhat inflated, the dorsal suture double. Leaflets slightly if at all notched not evi- dently cuneate, short-petiolulate, about 1 cm. long, rather narrow. Plants of the Navajo and Green River Basins, growing in poor soil in valleys, Lower Temperate life zone. Often blooming as winter annuals. A. desperatus would be sought here when the pods are very thin. \Vhole plant softly and densely hairy. 35 pubentissimus. AB2C. Low annuals from a slender and erect root, widely spread- ing and much branched stems not elongated, with short in- ternodes and numerous leaevs. Flowers rather few and race- mose on axillary peduncles shorter than the leaves 5-8 mm. long, mostly white, much arched. Stipules not connate, small Leaflets not over 7 pairs, narrow, thickish, obtuse. Pods very oblique, opening first at tip, mostly somewhat arcuat?, papery, wrinkled, reflexed except in A. aridus. Pedicels very short and about as long as the minute bracts. Calyx campanulate to hemispherical, about 2 mm. long. Aridi. AB2CD. Pods strongly pubescent, but l^ss so than f-e 'e^f-s with flat beak very short and mostly scarcely eviHent, ob- liquely oblong-ovate or half-oval-ovate, slightly inflated al- most filled by the large seeds, hardly 1.5 cm. long, jcinted to a minute stipe. Leaflets elliptical. Plants appearing green but with short hairs. Pods rounded below, barely flattened. Flowers about 7 mm. long. 36 sabulonum. Plants hoary. Pods narrowed below and much flattened at both ends. Flowers about 5 mm. long. 37 aridus. AB2C2D. Pods only minutely pubescent wh-n r'ature, hoary with very short hairs when young, very cb;i':ue. translucent and very thin and much inflated, conspicuously and very obliquely flat-beaked, about 2 cm. long and 1 cm. hinh or wide, reflexed. Leaflets linear or seemingly so by being folded. Pods very oblique, half-ovate to lunate. 38 Geyeii. AB3C. Slender, elongated plants, weak, mostly annual, inter- nodes slender and leaves rather sparse, ?t le^S'': rot very.^vianv Flowers rnther many in conspicjci's r3ce:nes ard about 1 cm. long, mosti / nur'-'le, not conspicro-jsly archp-' Peduncles elongated and mostly as long as or longer than the leaves Sti- pules not connate, small. Upper leaves short-petioled. Leaf- lets narrow, over 7 mirs Po's v«'it'-. thin fat beals, 1-2 cm. long, fully half as wide, inclined to be bellied in th^ ' iHrtle rarely at all obconcressed. pTrerv, r-re'v wr'-kl^d. Pedicels almost none or short and bracts very small. Calvx campanulate, small, rarely 3 mm. long. Stems prostrate or decumbent. Proriferi. AB3CD. Pods reflexed, chartaceous to membranaceous, not over 1 cm. long (2 cm. in one form of A. Vaseyi), somewhat oblique but with ventral suture always convex in the middle, triangular-narrowed at base (abrutply so at base) and apex, inflated in the middle till the cross section is round, not sulcate, with sharp beak, somewhat triquetrous below the flat tip, obliquely elliptical to oval, with both sutures evi- dent and the ventral raised. Flowers many, spicate to Inflati. 93 racemose, 7-10 mm. long. Calyx tube about 2 mm. long, obliquely attached (sometimes but obscurely so, with teeth subulate and about as lonn as the tube (short in A. Meta- nus). Peduncles about as long as leaves, the floral rachis twice as long. Leaflets about 2-3 cm. long, elliptical or narrower, mostly obtuse. Stipules adnat-^, reflexed. Stems striate, 1-2 ft, long, rather flexuous. Internodes 3-0 cm. long. Plants very oubescent except in A. metanus. Tropical life zone. AB3CDE. Pubescence spreading. Leaflets moderately petio- lulate. Pods racemose. Flowers nearly white. Plants shaggy with partly spreading silky hairs. 39 Julianus. Pods spicate. Flowers dark-purple. Plants hoary above with densely woolly hairs. 40 proriferus. AB3CD2E. Pods nearly glabrous, ventral suture humped in the middle and about onohalf as cor.. ex theri -is the dorsal. Upper leaves sessile or nearly so. LeaMets about 9 pairs, 23 cm. long, distant, acutish, long-petiolulate, nar- rowly to linear-elliptic, flat. Pubescence closely ap- pressed. Tall plants and probably shrubby. Pods much flattened except at very base, 10 mm. long. 41 metanus. Pods not flattened except at very tip. 2 cm. long. 42 Vaseyi. AB3C2D. Pods 4-10 mm. lonn, reflexed in short and close ra- cemes, very greatly inflated, globose-ovate, not at all oblique not compressed, not sulcate noticeably, not at all narrowed at base, the minute and flat tip scarcely visible. Stems as- cending, annuals or winter annuals. Pods jointed to a minute stipe, 6-8 mm. long. 43 Thurberi AB3C3D. Pods about 5 mm. high and 12 mm. long, half-oval, inflated very little and only in the middle, much laterally flattened till nearly flat, erect and appressed. Apparently perennials of the Lower Temperate life zone. Pods nearly flat 44 Palmeri. AB4C. Slender or tall plants with minutely woolly pubescence, stubby cream-colored flowers in dense spikes which do not elongate with age and on conspicuous peduncles which elon- gate with age. Leaves sessile, with many pairs of nearly contiguous leaflets, which are cuneate below. Pods taper- pointed. Tropical plants. Pods rigid, small, little inflated, nearly smooth. Tall perennials. 45 pychnostachyus. Pods papery, rather large, much inflated, hairy. Annuals. 46 Ilornii. A2B. Pods small, rarely 2 cm. long sometimes 3 cm. long in pictus and subcinereus very much inflated (somewhat so in scalaris), with cross section about round (deltoid-ovate in scalaris), tip but little flattened (decidedly so in insularis), reflexed, almost traslucent and very thin, firm in subcinereus and scalaris, on a minute stipe shorter than calyx and mostly jointed to it. Mostly annuals, weak or low plants, erect. A2BC. Annuals or winter annuals with very thin small racemose flowers, and low and spreading habit. Pods seemingly sessile 94 Inflatl. A2BC. Pods neither balloon-shaped nor stipitate nor stipe even a mere knob except in A .Wetheriili where it is as long as calyx, but on breaking away they leave a minuta boss in the calyx as long as wide which sometimes elongates. Peduncles much shorter than the leaves. Triflori. Pods very oblique, smooth, small. Weak annuals. 47 insularis. Pods little oblique, 1-2 cm. long, mostly hairy. Winter annuals. 48 triflorus. Pods 2-3 cm. long, conically pointed at least below. Stems zigzag. Plants ashy. 49 subcinereus. A2B2C. Perennials, rarely biennial. A2B2CD. Pods only minutely stipitate, but inclined to be con- tracted at very base in addition. A2B2CDE. Very delicate but erect plants with slender stems and filiform peduncles, and flowers in long and erect racemes. Pods very oblique and about 8 mm. long. Scalares. Pods racemose, 4-8 mm. long. Tall, erect plants, intricately branched. 50 scalaris. A2B2CD2E. Slender spreading plants with short intsrncdes and many leaves, with filiform peduncles shorter than the leaves, few and racemose flowers, and translucent mottled tissue like pods about 2 cm. long and oval-ovate. Pods over i cm. long, few. Low, weak and ascending plants. 51 W^ardi. A2B2C2D. Pods on a distinct filiform stipe about as long as calyx, but not jointed to it. Picti. A2B2C2DE. Plants not from filiform roctstocks and Isaflets not phyllodia-like but broad, at least not linear. Pods little if at all oblique. Pods about 7 mm. long. Flowers greenish-purple. Plants prostrate. 52 serpens. Pods I cm. long. Flowers purple with white claws. Plants eiect or nearly so. 53 nutans. A2B2C2D2E, Plants with filiform rootstc mm. long villous, neither oblique nor gibbous nor truncate. Teeth triangular, about 2 mm. long. Pedicels stout. Bracts lanceolate and hyaline, about 2-3 ram. long. Peduncles in flower shorter than the leaves, in 1U4 Inflati fruit often 2 dm. long, spreading at about 30 degrees. Leaves 7-12 cm. long, widely spreading. Leaflets nearly contiguous, elliptical-linear to oblong-ovate, long petiolulate, not nuicronate, nearly smooth, not over 2 cm. long, obtuse, 10-15 pairs. Pubescence scanty. Stipules very small, subulate, soon reflexed. All but the lowest internodes shorter than the leaves. Much branched slender annuals growing decumbent on alkaline flats in the San Joaquin valley and southward, common. Astragalus Hornlj var. Bajaensis (Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 169 (1894) as species) var. minutiflorus Jones. A. miserandnis Greene. Pods 1 cm. wide, somewhat obcompressed so that in drying and press- ing in herbarium material they are flat with the sutures in the middle, nearly oval, with a short and conical beak, a trifle sulcate ventrally, nearly smooth, veined. Flowers about 5 mm. long, stubby and petals all about equal. Calyx tube 2 mm. long, with blunt teeth much shorter than the tube. Peduncles slender, 3-5 cm. long, shorter than the leaves. Most of the leaves petioled, 1 dm. or less long. Leaflets thin, 6-11 pairs, oblong-obovate, not over 1 cm. long. Stems low and slender. This is a much reduced and delicate form from the borders of southern Califor- nia and southward in Lower California. Sheldon's description would lead one to think that the pods were 2-celled and closely allied to A. lentiginosus, but the specimens on which his species is founded are wholly 1-celled and sutures approach each other only in the crushing of the normal shai)e by pressing. 47. Astragalus insularis Kell. Bull. Cal. Acad. 1 6 (1884). A tri- tlorus var. insularis (Kell.) Jones. Pods decidedly obliq le, not s.ilcate, sm-^oth, about 1 cm. long and nearly as wide and high, obliquely ovate, rntber narrowed below and with a flfit deltoid beak about 3 mm. long. Flowers with blade purple-tipped, about 5 mm. long. Banner about 3 mm. long, oval, arched to 45 to 90 degrees beyond teeth, purple striped below as are the wings, with sides somewhat reflexed below, about I mm. longer than keel. Wings oblong, about as long as keel or a trifle more. Keel large, with straight base and then abruptly erect into a triangular and acute tip about 3 mm. high. Calyx tube almost hemis- pherical, about 1 mm. long, about as long as the triangular teeth, al- most sessile. Bracts hyaline and minute. Peduncles 1-2 cm. long, fili- form, the rachis somewhat longer. Leaves widely spreading, 5-10 cm. lorg. the petiole as long as the leaf rachis. Leaflets 3-6 pairs, linear- elliptical, apiculate, in the type about 1 cm. long, distant. Stems in the type much branched at base and running out very long, flex- uous, very slender and tangled, annual. Cedros Island Lower Cali- fornia. Tro! icpl . Astragalus insularis var Pondii (Greene Pitt. 1 288 (1889). as species.) This is a larger plant with rather strict stems and strict peduncles, not tangled, leaflets often 10 pairs and pods nearly oval. Bay of San Bartolemo Lower California. Lieut. Pond. Astragalus insularis var. Quentinus Jones Cont. 8 6 (1898). This is a very open and slender form with short i)eduncles, nearly glo- bose pods with the flat tip reduced to a mere ajiiculation and pods about 2-2.5 cm. long and tissue-like, the leaves often 1.5 dm. long and with leaflets many and fully 2 cm. long. San Quentin Bay I>ower California. This has been referred to A. triflorus, but that is a bien- nial or winter annual and does not seem to grow on the Pacific Coast. 48. Astraglus triflorus (DC.) Gray PI. Wr. 2 45 (1853). Phaca triflora DC. Ast. 50 t 1 (1802). Phaca Coquimbensis H. & A. Phaca Candolleana H. B. K., A. cerussatus Sheldon, A. triflorus var. Can- dolleanus (H. B. K.) Jones. Pods 1-2.5 cm long, 7-10 mm. wide, almost oval, abruptly acute at both ends to barely acute at base, veiny only when old and then shortly-pubescent only, only a little oblique, the tip a mere apiculation sometimes flattish and little over 1 mm. Inflati 105 long, the general outline nearly oval, narrowly sulcate ventrally, most- ly translucent. Flowers normally white, inclined to be cleistogamous, about 5-7 mm. long, the petals mostly but little longer than calyx. Banner notched, oval 2-4 mm. long, with sides little arched along the edges, about as long as keel or a trifle more. Wings oblong, nearly as long as banner. Keel very wide relatively, about 1.5 mm. wide below and at ti]) abruptly rounded to erect and but a little higher than the rest of keel and square. Calyx campanulate, the tube about 2 mm. long, the teeth arched, triangular and fully as long as tube. Pedicels stout, 1-2 mm. long, shorter than the delicate bracts. Ped- uncles 1-3 cm. long, the floral rachis about as long. Leaves 5-7 cm. long, ascending, on short petioles. Leaflets 5-8 pairs, folded, not con- tiguous, oblong, rounded at tip, about 1 cm. long. Stipules acuminate from a deltoid base. Stems 1-2 ft. long, rather many from the crown and branched below, with internodes shorter than the leaves. Pubes- cence soft throughout, spreading, hoary. The flowers vary greatly in color and length of petals. The banner is often arched to erect, with light-pink claw and blade striate-purple-veined and with darker edges, the groove is a half circle and occupies most of banner or broadly triangular, in some specimens the banner has a purple streak below the notch and on the s'des. The wina;s equMl the kepi and n'^rending with tips just touching the keel tip, obliquely ovate and flat and obtuse. The keel tip is acute and narrow, pink but not purple-tipned. The wings are often light-pink and often innple strenked, usually darker below. Other material has dark-purple flowers with very striate ban- ner. Some Colorado forms have the banner 2-3 mm. longer than k^el and wings about intermediate. Frequent in the Lower Temperate life zone from Baker Lemhi Co. Tdnho and the San Rafael Swell TTtah to centra] Colorado and southward at least to central Mexico. The type locality is Mexico not Peru. Some f'^rms are short-lived rerennia'ts. Blooms in summer Tt grows in the hills and not on the plains in this country. DeCandolle's fanciful figure is poor, that of H. B. K. is better. On the plains it is replaced by the following. Gray's type is mac' e up of A. lentiginosus var. diphysus partly. The type of Phaca triflora DC. is a fanciful fisure drawn as though it were a weak annual, but corresponds in essential featurps with the species. Phaca Candolleana H. B. K. which w^s intended to he thp same thing is drawn without the root as though it were a perennial and has narrower leaflets but otherwise the same. Tt also is a fanciful figire. Plants from the Valley of Mexico by Schaffner are clearlv an- ual and early blooming and fit DeCandolle's figure. Plants of my own collection at Casialidad Zacatecas and Ramos correspond well ■^■^■ith both fig\ires showins the species to be a winter annual or flower- ing in the spring and fall from the same plant, a thing very common In Mexico, and plants insei)arable from the Colorado form called cenis- satus by Sheldon. The type is too n^ar to cerussatus for it to be kept up as a variety. Plants corresponding to cerussatus from Mexico also are those of Rose from Irola No. 4558. At Baker Idaho I found it growing and in fruit in September and evidently in condition to live over the coming winter and thus at least a biennial. Parish sends me a form from Leastalk San Bernardino Co. California clearly peren- nial with mottled smooth pods and short calyx teeth. Plants growing in the San Rafael Swell Utah have the dense hnb't of cerussatus and fine and soft pubescence and beautifully mottled nearly globose pods, elongated calyx teeth and dark-purnle flowers, appearing so like A. pubentissimus that only an examination of the pods and calyx teeth can sei)arate them. These plants also bloom as annuals and winter -annuals but the two species d-^ nnf seem to hybridize. A. Coquim- bensis answers fairly well to this species. The species is very variable in the pods and pubescence. iU6 Inflati Astragalus triflorus var. playanus (Jones Cont. 8 6 (1898) as species ) This is a robust form with pods about 3 cm. long, half- oval when young and always somewhat oblique. Pubescence almost none or minute. Leaflets nearly linear and 2 cm. long. Flowers white or purple. This is the common form of the plains of Texas, New Mexico and Arizona as far west as the Colorado river and north- ward to Flagstaff. It seems quite distinct from A. triflorus but can- not be maintained as it intergrades at all points. It is quite probable that it may grow in Ix)wer California but all forms seen by me seem referable to insularis. Playanus is mostly a winter annual, rarely persisting longer. It blooms from spring to fall. 49. Astragalus subcinereus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 13 366 (1878). A. Wootoni Sheldon. Pods rather stiff-papery, but not tissue-like, mostly mottled, 2-3 cm. long, oval to oblong-oval, a little gibbous, seed-bearing for most of the length, variously puberulent, large for the plant, sulcate about 2 mm. deep ventrally and often a little dorsally, base and tip inclined to be turned in opposite directions, either conically pointed at both ends or the tip sometimes only api- culate. Seed stalks about 2 mm. long. Flowers about 8 mm. long, stubby and much incurved after the fashion of pictus and junceus, rather dirty white and banner purple-veined, not over 10, in short racemes, spreading. Banner abruptly arched to erect near end of tube, oval, 4 mm. long, 2 mm. longer than keel. Wings little arched, o'llanceolate, 1 mm. wide, barely a little longer than keel. Keel lunate the base and tip triangular acute and produced, base a little firched, and then abruptly rounded to erect, 3 mm. high. Calyx tube turbinate-campanulate, about 2 mm. long, minutely pubescent with wavy white and closely appressed hairs, tube attached in the middle of the fleshy end, a little oblique at tip and cleft deeper above, the teeth triangular and half to a third the tube. Pedicels in flower not over 2 mm. long and as long as the ovate bracts, biit in fruit often 3 mm. long, inclined to be reflexed. Peduncles 1-3 cm. long, the floral rachis short in flower and flowers spicate, but elongating lo sometimes 1 dm. long in fruit, widely spreading as are the leaves. Leaves slender, often 1 dm. long, all i)etioled but petioles short. Leaflets distant, linear (except the smallest ones), 7-9 pairs, folded, n?hy below, nearly smooth above, refuse, 7-25 mm. long 2-3 mm. wide. Stipules not connate, thick, green, broadly deltoid, reflexed. Inter- nodes 1-2 cm. long. Stems flexuous, single to few, rather stout for the plant, 2-4 dm. long, spreading, whole plants ashy. Winter an- nuals with slender roots. In the southern part of the Navajo Basin .'•nd running over a little on the Rio Grande drainage and following flown the Colorado nearly to the mouth of the Virgin, growing on dry benches and sandy places Lower Temperate life zone. This is separa- ble from A. triflorus by the ashy, not soft, pubescence, by the stiff and large pods, zigzig stems, open habit, and short calyx teeth. Pre- sumably authentic material from Wooton himself in my herbarium and named by Wooton as A. Wootoni is A. subcinereus. 50. Astragalus scalaris Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 23 270 (1880). Pods 4-8 mm. long, 2-3 mm. wide and high, rather triquetrous, half-oval to oblong or oblong-ovate, straight but very oblique, strongly cross- nerved, papery, opening first at tip, deeply and broadly sulcate, with cross section triangular-cordate to almost reniform, smooth, about horizontal, truncate at tip by the abrupt ending of the ventral suture which is straight and with a minute upturned mucro, a trifle wider above and a little narrowed at base, evidently inflated though so small, splitting the calyx, on an evident but very short stipe. Flowers about 5 mm. long, very loosely racemose, many, white but purple-tinged above. Banner about 4 mm. long, nearly round, abruptly arched to 45 degrees at end of calyx, with sides reflexed 3 mm. wide to the midrib below, with conical and shallow groove, barely notched, hardly 1 mm. Inflati 107 longer than wings and 2 mm. longer than keel. Wings obliquely obovate a trifle arched 1 mm. wide, as wide as keel, very obtuse, concave to keel, si)reading, nearly horizontal and the right hand one the more, at tip. Keel about 1 mm. long abruptly arched to a half circle, very obtuse. Calyx tube about hemispherical, deeper cleft above, 1-1.5 mm. long, nigrescent, a trifle laterally flattened, ob- lique at tip, with the deltoid teeth shorter than the tube. Pedicels slen- der, reflexed, about 2 mm. long. Bracts very thin and hyaline, shorter than the mature pedicels, triangular. Peduncles about 1 dm. long, often shorter than the floral rachis, in all the upper axils, sulcarte. Leaves widely spreading, 3-10 cm. long, very delicate and quickly wilting, nearly sessile, with filiform rachis. Leaflets 6-12 pairs, linear-oblong to oval-ovate distant or not contiguous, 4-12 mm. long, conspicuously petiolulate, obtuse to retuse, 2-5 mm. wide, nearly smoooth . Stipules minute, subulate, not connate. Stems biennial or short-lived perennials, 2-3 ft. high and racenosely branched from a woody and erect root. This has the habit of A. Rusbyi and the deli- cate and erect Daleas. The pods are nearly the shape of A. sesquiflo- rus (but reversed) and leptaleus and Guatamalensis, but is not related to any of them unless it be the latter. It grows among the oaks along streams in the lower edge of the Middle Temperate life zone, in the Sierra Madres of Chihuahua Mexico, at 6000 to 9500 ft. alt. Blooming in fall. Astragalus scalaris van. quercetinus n. var. Pods conspicuously stipitate, the stipe about as long as calyx. Pedicels twice as long. Leaflets elliptical-ovate to oval-ovate. Plants about 3 feet high and with innumerable branches. Sierra Madre Mts. Chihuahua. San Diego Canon Sept. 16, 1903, Middle Temperate life zone. All sorts of intergrades occur. 51. Astragalus Ward! Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 12 55 (1876). Phaca Rydberg. Pods almost oval, inclined to be triangular-acute at both ends, straight, scarcely at all oblique, smooth, mottled, with round cross section except for a slight groove ventrally, the minute tip flattened and cuspid;! te, seed-bearing only in the middle and ventral suture in- truded about one half mm., inclined to have a round false-stipe 1-2 mm. thick by the narrowing of the pod at the calyx but without any- thing but a mere rudiment of a true stipe. Flowers white or nearly so about 5 vm. long, ascending b it soon pendent, aiched as in A. pictus. Banner about 3 mm. long, arched abruptly to fully erect at calyx tips, greenish-white with tinge of yellow, purple-streaked below with fine lines; gro've about 2 mm. wide and forming one third circle, about 1 mm. deep, a little shallower nbove and a little narrowed and deeper below; sides reflexed onposite the calyx tips a very little; blade oblong, to oval, rounded at tip and with sharp notch. Wings oblong-ovate, arched 45 degrees, mrrowei at the almost acute and incurved tip about 2 T>-m. wide and 1 mm. longer than kpel, and nearly 2 mm. shorter thin banner, close-pressed to near the keel- tip, then con- cave to it and the left hand one spreading with the lower edge turned out. the other bent over keel at tip and close-pressed to tip, not streaked. Keel a little deflexed at calyx tips, at the end sharply incurved to IIR deg'-ees nbti.se. y'llow-tipped, barely 1 mm. longer than calyx, about 2 mm. high. Calyx obliquely carapanulate, the tube about 2 mm. long, with base straight, and the upper side arched to near a quarter circle, attached on the lower acute corner which is fleshy, cleft a little deejier above, with a broad sinus, obcompressed at tip, with scattered black hairs, teeth subulate to triangular and about as long. Pedicels in fruit filiform, often 4 mm. long and longer than the delicate triangular bmcts. Peduncles axillary throughout, filiform, shorter than the leaves, the floral rachis at least as long. 5-15 flowered. Leaves rarely 2 dm. long, lax and thin, the upper almost sessile. liiS Indali Leaflets 8-10 pairs, narrowly oblong, obt ise to notched, cuneate below and long-petiolulate, 5-15 mm. long, net folded, thin, smooth. Stems ascending, about a foot high, very many, almost simple. Stipules triangular, small, hyaline, thin, the upper reflexed. Growing along irrigation ditches and moist bare bottoms and among willows in gravel and clay, from Richfield Utah to the head of the Sevier. My material from Willow Spring south of Lee's Ferry is probably this species, blooming in summer. 52. Astragalus serpens Jones Cont. 7 641. 644 (1895) Phaca Ryd- berg. Pods oval-ovate, 2-2.5 cm. long and about 1 cm. wide and high, round in cross section, barely sulcate ventrally. papery and much mottled but not translucent, conical beaked, the beak not longer than high and minutely apiculate, rounded at bnse, the stipe hardly as long as calyx tube. Flowers greenish-purple, about 7 mm. long, rarely half a dozen and pods mostly single to a peduncle, the raceme about 1 cm. long and the stout peduncle only a little longer. Banner nearly round, about 3 mm. long, j\ist equaling the wings .in.d keel, abruptly arched to 110 degrees. Wings obovate-oval, ver>' oblique, about 3 mm. wide and 4 mm. long, just the shape of the keel. Keel blunt, the base a trifle arched, the tip incurved to erect and vv-ith a minute boss, about 3 mm. high. Calyx narrowly campanulate, the tube 3 mm. long, teeth subulate, 2 mm. long. Bracts hyaline, about 2 mm. long, ovate. Pedicc^ls, 2.-4 mm. long, reflexed or spreading. Peduncles axillary. Leaves 3-4 cm. long, narrow, thick and stiff, many (the internodes rarely 2 cm. Iqng), the relatively stout petiole about half the whole. Leaflets about 6 pairs, elliptical to oval, folded, thick, rounded and very obtuse, about 5 mm. long, contiguous. Stems csespitos^" and many from a thick and woody root, prostrate, freely branched, relative- ly ctcnit, rarely 2 dm. long. Stipulps brown and thin, deltoid, con- spicuous, not connate, 3-4 mm. long. Whole plant ashy with short loosely appressed and rather tangled hairs, the calyx black-hairy. Lea Pass and Belknap Mt. Utah on hie'h rocky ridges. Apparently in the Elk Mts. Utah. The r^rterial of A. triflorus from the San Rafael Swell Utah much resembles this but the pods are sessile and leaflets narrow. Middle Temperate life zone. Blooming in July. 53. Astragalus nutans n. so. .Pods as in A. serpens but trans- lucent and only a little blotched, n°arlv pi^bose. Flowers nurpl^ with claws about 1 cm. long, few and shortly racemose, horizontal to reflexed. Banner about 5 mm. lone, oval, abriptly arched at end of calyx to 45 degrees, with sides reflexed about 1 mm. wide below, white spot purple striked. Wines obliquely nbovate, rounded. 2 mm. shorter than banner and 1 mm. longer than keel. Keel with straight base and then rounded to a little more th'in erect, the tip nearly square at the corner, about 3 mm. high. C'-.lyx tube campanulate, about 3 mm. long and 2 mm. high, the base straight, the upper side arched, inserted a little below the middle at the fleshy base, cleft deeper above and oblique at tip. the teeth triangular and about one-half t" one-third the tube, pubescent with white and blank hairs intermixed and closely aPT^ressed. Pedicels stout, 2-4 mm. long in fruit, rathe' longer than the ovate bracts. Peduncles 3-4 cm. long but shorter than the leaves, the floral rachis about half as long, in the uppe'- axils. Leaves 4-5 cm. long, only the lower petioles as long as lea' rachis, many (the internodes 1-3 cm. long). Leaflets 3-6 pairs, el- liptical, cuneate below, obtuse, 1-1.5 cm. long, often folded, not very thick. Stems 1-3 dm. long, rather slender, branched throughout several from the tip of a slender erect not woody root, blooming the second year. Stipules "mail, triangular, rather hyaline, about 3 mm. long. Whole plant minutely ashy with closely appressea stralgb" halrs. Growing in sand and blooming in May. Tropical. Providencp Mountain eastern California. This has the habit of A. triflorus var. Inflati 109 playanus but has a filiform stipe nearly as long as calyx. May 1902, Brandegee. 54. Astragalus pictus Gray PI. Fend. 37. (1849) as Phaca and Proc. Am. Acad. 6 214 (1864) as var. foliolosus. A. pictus var, angustus Jones and angustus var. pictus and A. angustus Jones, A. foliolosus Shel- don, A. ceramicus var. Jonesii Sheldon, A. pictus Steud. was a no- men nudum and A. pictus Boissier & Gall. (1859) was a synonym of A. conduplicatus Bertol. (1864). The omission of Sheldon to see that A. pictus was never published though this fact was specifically stated by Gray (Proc. Am. Acad. 6 215) has led to several unnecessary syn- onyms. The type of this species is rare and so the general character of the species is given under the var. magnus which see. Pods oblong- oval, about 1.5 cm. long. Leaflets 3-7 pairs, linear and about 1.5 cm. long. Santa Fe New Mexico and extending over into the Navajo Basin to Moctezuma canon on the borders of Utah and to Moab. Astragalus pictus var, magnus n. n. A. pictus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 215 as to the description, not citation. My specimens no. 5160 from Silver Reef Utah constitute the type. Pods oval, inclined to be shortly-conical-acute at both ends, 2-3 cm long and 1-2 cm. wide and high, mostly sbalicnv suicatf' along the ventral suture, papery and iucliucd to be tvrn'iate Maerlalena T>ay Lower California, etc. It appears quite distinct but the species is very variable. 60. Astragalus oocarpus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 213 (1864). T'his is founded on the figure of Torrev in Mex. Bound t. 17 and named (^rotalarioides there and called Crntalarife in the text p. 56 but not desfribed. Pods rathe- thin-corinrooMs about 2 cm. long. 1.5 cm. wide nnd 1 cm. b's-b. oblif^ueH- ovate, with flat upturned deltoid tin about 3 mm. lone, sliehtly sul<"^te vpntrally not at all dorsally and with dorsal suture raised pxternailv as thick ridcre. smooth, only faintly reticulated, erect, several to many and racemose on a stout peduncle shorter than 112 Inflati the leaves; cross section, renlform. Flowers many, closely racemose, horizontal. Calyx campanulate-cyliudric, 3-4 mm. long, a little oblique at the rounded base, not oblique above, with teeth n-.inute and deltoid shortly pubescent. Pedicels rather slender, in fruit 2-3 mm. long and rather longer than the triangular bracts. Banner oval, about 8 mm. long, abruptly erect remote from calyx, with sides reflexed most below. Wings obliquely oblong-oblanceolate and very obtuse, about 3-4 mm. shorter than the banner and a trifle longer than the keel. Keel with straight base, then abruptly arched to erect at the end and tip triangular and acute. Leaves 1-1.5 dm. long, narrow, nearly sessile with 12-15 pairs of elliptical and obtuse and rather distant leaflets about 1 cm. long, thick and green, smooth. Stems 4-6 ft. high, branched above and flexuous and rather slender. Growing in the alkaline val- leys east of San Diego California, seldom seen. Tropical. 61. Astragalus macrodon (H. & A.) Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 216 (1864). Phaca macrodon H. & A. Bot. Beech, 333 (1841). A. holo- sericeus Jones. Pods oval-ovate to half-oval, 2-3 cm. long and about 2 cm. wide, the oblique tip deltoid and short, a little sulcate at both sutures, chartaceous, spreading to reflexed, the cross section about round. Flowers ascending, nearly white, about 7 mm. long, 10-20 in a short and close raceme. Banner round, gently arched to erect from the calyx tube, with sides reflexed above, about 4 mm. long, barely longer than wings. Wings half-oval, a trifle longer than keel. Keel arched to a half circle from base, the triangular and produced tip as long as base and erect, about 4 mm. high. Calyx tube campanulate, about 3 mm. long, with subulate and curved teeth nearly as long. Bracts ovate, minute, shorter than the pedicels which are 2-3 mm. long. Peduncles slender, about half as long as leaves, the fruiting rachis at least as long. Lower leaves much reduced, the upper 1-1.5 dm. long, with petioles mostly 2-3 cm. long. Lower leaflets 5-7 pairs, linear-el- liptical, acute, 7 mm. long, and petiole as long as leaf rachis; upper leaflets about 10 pairs, linear lanceolate, very acute, 1-2 cm. long. Stip- ules subulate-filiform, 7 mm. Ion?, reflexed, thick, not connate. Inter- nodes 2-5 cm. long. Stems rather flexuous and slender. Pubescence very soft and short-shaggy throughout with very fine wavy hairs and seeming woolly but hardly so. Stems and pods less pubescent. Mon- tery Co.. San Luis Obispo and the coast region, also at Fresno and around the San Joaquin valley. 62. Astragalus Douglasii (T. & G.) Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 215 (1864). Phaca T. & G. Fl. 1 346 (1838). A very variable species. Pods papery, 2-4 cm. long and about 3 cm. wide, in the type, gibbous- ovate to half oval, apiculate. Flowers cream-colored, rather reddish in bud. Banner oval-ovate, about 7 mm. high, abruptly arched at end of calyx to erect, with sides reflexed near the base and 1 mm. wide; groove sharply widened at end of keel till it fills the whole banner, the banner tips not reflexed. Wings sharply arched to nearly erect and exposing keel, very obliquely cuneate obovate, about 3 mm. wide near tip. very blunt, the right hand one flaring below, the other close pressed to keel, about 1 mm. longer than keel and 3 mm. shorter than banner. Keel as high as long and abruptly rounded to a little more than erect and sharp, about 3 mm. high, not dark-tipped. Calyx nearly hemispherical, oblique at both ends ,inserted near the lower corner and fleshy at corner, at mouth obcompressed and deeper and broader cleft. Upper teeth the longer, subulate, rather dell old. hardly one-third as long as tube. Flowering pedicels about equaled by the ovate bracts, 1-2 mm. long. Peduncles slender, rarely 1 dm. long. I^eaves narrow, 1-1.5 dm. long, all somewhat petioled. Leaflets 10-13 pairs, 7-20 mm. long, narrowly elliptical to linear-oblong, obtuse, rather thick, about 4 mm. wide, shortly petiolulate, inclined to be sil- very below with very fine straight and closely appressed hairs, but Inflati 113 pubescence very variable. Stipules rather scarious, with deltoid base and subulate tip, rarely 5 mm. long. Stems rather prostrate and with ascending tips, many from a thick and fleshy root, flexuous, 2-3 ft. long, growing on flats where it is rather alkaline. Being the first green things in the spring this species has the reputation of being a loco weed. From the southern San .Joaquin valley to southern California, and San Pedro Martir, Lower California, Lower Temperate life zone, in the interior, mostly. Astragalus Douglasti var. Parishii (Gray) Jones Cont. 8 6 (1898). A. Parishii Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 19 75 (1883). Pods oval to oblong, oblique, usually apiculate, often 5 cm. long, smooth to minutely pubes- cent, nearly round in cross section. Flowers white. Banner 2 mm longer than keel, 1 mm. longer than wings. Wings oblanceolate, nar- rower than keel. Keel about 4 mm. high. Calyx teeth from half as long as tube to very short. Leaflets 7-10 pairs, elliptical, obtuse, 2-3 cm. long, silvery-pubescent below. Stems about 2 ft high. From Antelope Valley southward along the mountains. Astragalus Douglasii var. glaberrimus Jones Cont. 7 645 (1895). Pods hall-oval, shortly and triangular flat-beaked, 2.5-4 cm. long, round in cross section, refiexed. Flowers 6-10. Racemes very lax. Pe- duncles 1-1.5 dm. long including the rachis which is two-thirds the whole. Leaflets about 7 pairs, linear-lanceolate, very sharp-pointed, 1-2 cm. long, 2 mm. wide, distant. All but the very uppermost leaves petioled. Plants rarely a foot and half high, rather bushy branched at base. San Fernando and Los Huevelos Lower California, Brandegee. Astragalus Douglasii var. piscinus Jones Cont. 7 645 (1895) and Cont. 10 61 (1902). Pods obliquely ovate-oblong, 2 cm. long, 1.2 cm. wide, rounded at base, papery, sulcate ventrally, shortly acute, round in cross section, nearly smooth, ascending. Flowers purple, 1 cm. long, loosely spicate-racemose, almost sessile. Banner ascending sharply to 45 degrees remote from calyx tips, with sides reflexed. Wings about 7 mm. long, lanceolate, arched 30 degrees, a trifle longer than keel. Keel 1 mm. shorter than banner, 7 mm. long, large, arched to erect. Calyx broadly campanulate, 2 mm. long and wide, twice as long as the triangular teeth. Pedicels very short and a half shorter than the ovate bracts. Peduncles floriferous on the upper third, the racemes 5-10 cm. long, stiff. Leaves sessile. Stems erect. Stipules minute, not connate. Whole plant almost smooth. Lagoon Head Lower California, Palmer. Astragalus Douglasii var. Tejonensis Jones Cont. 7 644 (1895) and Cont. 10 61 (1902). Pods mostly ascending, half-oval-ovate, 2.5-4 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide, nearly round in cross section, variously reticulated, nearly smooth when ripe. Flowers like the var. Parishii but banner not elongated. Keel tip but little incurved and broader. Calyx lobes subulate and half as long as tube. Flowers racemose, usually ascend- ing, often distant. Floral rachis in flower 5-7 cm. long, in fruit 10-15 cm. long. Peduncles and rachis 1-2 dm. long, finely §jilcate as are the stems. Leaves and leaflets as in Parishii but leaves 7-13 cm. long and ascending. Leaflets 10 pairs, not over 2 cm. long, elliptical to oblong- lanceolate, rounded at tip, 4-5 mm. wide. Proper petioles present. Plants green throughout seemingly but really with the same minute pubescence but less evident. It is readily separable from Parishii by the small-cream-colored flowers, long calyx lobes, broad leaflets and Tre^^n appearance. This is the common form along the mountains north •^f the San Bernardinos. A. Douglasii can be separated from A. macro- don only by the pubescence. 63. Astragalus allochrous Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 13 366 (1878) A. Wootoni Sheldon. Pods half-oval, thin-chartacfous, slightly if at all sulcate, apiculate and barely acute, faintly and rather closely reticu- lated, apparently smooth when ripe but really minutely puberulent, about 1.5 cm. high and 3 cm. long, with ventral suture convex only 114 Inflati close to calyx, jointed to a minute stipe at base, ascending or reflexed. both sutures evident and nearly alike, the ventral intruded 1 mm. deep or less; seed talks as long as the obliq.iely reniform seeds which are nearly 2 mm. long and brown. Flowers racemose, 10-15. Banner l-!: mm. longer than keel, nearly round, notched, with sides reflexed below, arched in an abrupt curve from calyx tips to nearly erect. Wings nearlj linear, arched and exposing keel, a little longer than keel, oblique. Keel ascending, about reaching to calyx tips, abruptly bent at tip to 90 degrees and acutish. Calyx tube faintly onerved, ashy campanu- late, not gibbous, 3 mm. long and as long as the subulate teeth or a little longer. Bracts ovate, acute. Pedicels erect in flower and reflexed variably to horizontal or more in fruit, 4 mm. long, usually twice the bracts, stout. Peduncles angled, stout in fruit, erect, including floral rachis 12-15 cm. long and floriferous on the upper third. Leaves 5-10 cm. long, nearly sessile. Leaflets 6-9 pairs, linear-oblong, barely obtuse at tip and base or notched above, all on the upper side of the rachis, about 1 cm apart. Internodes about 2-3 cm. long, the lowest ones 5-10 cm. long. Stems rather coarse, 2 feet high, tufted, decum- bent, angled. Plants very minutely puberulent, the young pods, pedi- cels and peduncles hoary at first. From the Organ Mts. New Mexico to the Colorado through the Mogollons. Lower Temperate life zone. Growing on gravelly and dry benches or along dry watercourses. This Is hard to separate from robust forms of A. triflorus except by the larger purple flowers and evidently perennial roots from a rather woody base. Plants distributed by E. O. Wooton from Mesilla Val- ley April 20 1905 as A. Wootoni Sheldon are this species, also No. 34 Metcalf from near Silver City New Mexico distributed as A. playanus. It is quite possible that Sheldon's type was mixed with A. subcinereus. 64. Astragalus Wetherilli Jones Cont. Cont 4. 34 (1893). Phaca Rydberg. Pods ascending, shortly acuminate, half-oval-ovate, about 2-2.5 cm. long and 1 cm. wide and high, very slightly flattened laterally and cross section nearly round but flat along the ventral suture, not silicate, chartaceous, rounded at base and jointed to the tip of a slender stipe nearly as long as calyx, sometimes reddish but not mot- tled. Flowers about 1 cm. long, narrow, white or only purple tinged, al- most in heads, ascending. Banner about 6 mm. long, oblong, abruptly arched remote from calyx tips to 45 degrees, 2 mm. longer than winss, with sides reflexed about 1 mm. wide. Wings nearly linear, arched to nearly 45 degrees, obtuse, a little longer than keel. Keel with straight and narrow base about 1 mm. wide, the tip sharply rounded to a bo If circle and very obtuse, 2 mm. high, purple at tip. Calyx narrowly campanulate, the tube about 3 mm. long, acute at base and attached on lower corner, the subulate teeth nearlv as ling as tube, nigrescent. Pedicels stout, nigrescent, 2-3 mm. long, about as long as the triangular IjrHcts. Peluncles slander. 2-4 cm. lonsr erect, fruiting rachis 1-2 cm. long and rarely with more than 3 pods and half a dozen flowers. Leaves 4-5 cm. long, slender and thin, nil petioled, the lower petioles more than hnlf the who'e. the tii^npr nenrlv hnlf. T ower leaflets neirly round and shortly-cuneate at the long-petiolulate base, upper leaflets broadly elliptical, about 1 cm. long, flat and thin, rounded, 4-5 pairs or the upper 6-8 pairs, almost smooth. Stems slender, in dense tufts rf !i!noh hiTincbed woody base, ascerdine. flpxuous. about 2 ft. high. Stipules small, not connate. Peduncles in most of the axils. Along the Grand River near Grand Junction Colorado, and to Moab, Utah, Miss Eastwood. Lower Temperate life zone. 65. Astragalus jejunus Watson Bot. King 73 (1871). Phaca Ryd- berg. Pods nearly smooth, mottled when in the sun, flattish to a tri- fb s:)lc't. venfrtillv, faintlv triquetrous when fresh, a little later- ally flattened, merely apiculate, apparently jointed to a minute boss In the calyx and early falling from it, very translucent and delicate In texture. Flowers 2-3, purple-tinged, about 1 cm. long. Flowers al- Inflati 115 most the same as in A. simplicifolius, the banner oval and arched to erect, the bulge behind less evident, white spot the same, sides little reflexed. Calyx campanulate, about 1 mm. long, the triangular teeth hardly as long. Peduncles shorter than the leaves, filiform, rarely 5 cm long. Leaves strict, not over 7 cm. long, with rigid ascending leaf- lets and short petioles. Leaflets 2-5 mm. long, thick, 4-8 pairs, grooved, sjiarp, sessile, the terminal one mostly not jointed to the green rachis, and like it. Petioles persistent after the leaflets fall and rigid. Pedi- cels 1-3 mm. long. Bracts small. Stipules conspicuously connate throughout, hyaline. Stems an inch or so high, much branched, many from the crown of the thick and erect root, with the stipules over- nping to the tip of the stem. Growing in chiy soil on bare ridges of the bad lands of western Wyoming north of the Uintas. Middle Temperate life zone, along with Gutierrezia, Aplopappus acaulis, Cog- wellia etc. 66. Astragalus Cusickii Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 13 370 (1878). Phaca Rydberg. Pods racemose, elliptical to obovate, nearly strpi^ht. not sulcate, translucent and very thin and papery, with oily drops within, red-nerved and stippled above, horizontal to pendulous, 3-4 ovn. long, about 2-2.5 cm. wide, compressed at base, splitting with age from tip to base and through the pedicel along the dorsal suture, also along *iio ventral suture at tip and base, but not through the seed bear- ing portion, tip very shortly triangular or deltoid and oblique, 1-4 mm. long, cross section half-oval, shallow and very broadly sulcate ventral ly. Stipe not longer that calyx and not jointed to it and so pod is per- sistent even through the winter on dead stems. Flowers coarse, about the same as A. stenophyllus, nearly horizontal, loosely spicate, rather ff>w. 1-1.5 cm. long, white turning to cream-colored with age. Banner fiddle-shaped by being much contracted about one third the way from the base, oval, 1 cm. long, arched to 90 degrees 2-4 mm. beyond the calyx teeth, erect part about 7 mm. long, a little hooded at tip, water- I'Tied. with fleshy claw, with sides reflexed to 2 mm. widp in th'^ middle only, with groove very deep and narrowed below and flattening out above. Wings arched from little to 30 degrees, obliquely oblong-lan- ceolate, 1-3 mm. longer than keel and 2 mm. shorter than banner, nbrut 4 mm. wide below the kepl ti'^i and tapering down above concave to keel, flaring beyond. Keel a little arched, about 4 mm long f blade), abruptly rounded to nearly 90 degrees, yellow, with tip acute and about 3 mm. high. Calyx tube a little oblique at base and with pedi- cel inserted below the middle of the end. truncate, scarcely at all compressed, white, straight, 3 mm. long, broadly campanulate, with mouth oblique, with teeth rudimnntary and deltoid, one half mm. long. Bracts minute and hyaline. Pedicels atout, short, some of them re- Mexed. Peduncles subterminal. stout, long, green, sulcate, a foot or less Ions:. Leaves not over 1 dm long, few, spreading, lax, nearly ses- sile,, with green and rush-like rachis. Leaflets deciduous, linear to fili- form, minute to 2.5 cm. long, distant, petiolulate, the terminal one the simple rachis or slightly enlarged rachis or a leaflet barely jointed to it. 6-8 pairs. Stipules small, not connate except at very base. Stems erect, sulcate, 1-2 feet long, rather slender, flexuous, whole plant ap- pearing smooth but really minutely pubescent. Grows in dense tufts on dry rocks on south slopes in Snake river canon at and below Hunt- ington Oregon. Lower Temperate life zone. Plants with the habit of A. stenophyllus, and stems much as In A. junceus. 67. Astragalus Hookerianus (T. & G.) Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 215 (1864). Phaca Hookeriana T. & G. 1 G93 (1840). This ante- dates A. Hokerianus Dietr. A. Sonneanus Greene. Pods 3-6 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide, mostly oblong-obovate, a trifle obcompressed when fresh, tapering into the stipe, very round at tip and minutely apiculate, finely r<^t'>uUited, variously mottled, hardly at all oblique, cross sec- t'on oblate round. Flowers in loose or dense heads, inclined to be 116 Inflati purple-tipped, about 1 cm. long. Banner very large, nearly the whole of it erect, about 8 mm. long and almost round, arched gently, 2-7 mm. longer than keel, with sides reflexed 1 mm. wide. Wings broad, oblong to lanceolate-hmate, about 3 mm. wide, rounded, arched about 30 degrees. Keel 7 mm. long, as long as wings, dark-tipped, produced and with a long acute and erect tip 1 mm. wide. Calyx tube nigrescent, reflexed, shortcampanulate, 3 mm. long, nearly ses- sile, scarcely oblique and the base slightly narrowed, not flattened, with rounded sinuses; teeth triangular to subulate, unequal, con- spicuous, about 2 mm. long. Pedicels very short and stout. Bracts ovate, 2 mm. long. Peduncles 5-15 cm. long, hardly longer than the leaves, many, in most of the axils. Leaves 5-10 cm. long, the petiole almost none, short or not over 2 cm. long. Leaflets 6-10 pairs, nor- mally about 7 mm. long, rarely 2.5 cm. long, ovate to linear, rather thick, acutish to rounded, with prominent midrib, green. Stipules rather large, green or purple above, smaller and connate below. Stems decumbent at base, rarely a foot long, much branched at base and from long underground stems, but from a stout and erect root. Internodes rather short and leaves many mostly. Whole plant pubes- cent with partly spreading soft and fine hairs, but variable. This grows on rocky ridges and among sagebrush from the Middle Temper- ate to the Upper Temperate life zone, sometimes seemingly alpine but not truly so. Common in the Sierras and northward from Reno, possibly in the Blue Mts. Oregon. Astragalus Hookerianus var. Whitneyi (Gray) Jones Cont. 7 668 (1895). A. Whitneyi Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 526 (1865). A. Whitneyi var. pinonis Elmer. Pods about 2 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide. Flowers purple. Calyx teeth about 1 mm long. Leaflets 5-9 pairs, linear oblong, 4-12 mm. long. Whole plant nearly smooth. Same range as the type but mostly in the high peaks but farther south. Tuolumne Co. and Ventura Co. California. 68. Astragalus oxyphysus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 218 (1864). Phaca Heller. Pods nearly boat-shaped, half-elliptical, with ventral suture convex in the middle and concave toward the ends, dorsal su- ture very convex, the calyx ascending but pods somewhat drooping, papery, appearing smooth and translucent. Flowers about 15 mm. long, white, narrow, ascending. Banner oblanceolate, gently arched to erect beyond calyx tips, the sides reflexed about 1 mm. wide. 3-4 mm. longer than wings. Wings linear, gently arched to 45 degrees about 2 mm. longer than keele. Keel about 5 mm. long, with long, exserted claw, the base nearly straight, then gently rounded to nearly erect with a broadly triangular and very obtuse, tip about 3 mm. high, not dark- tipped. Calyx scarcely gibbous, acutish at base and fleshy at the in- sertion with the very thick pedicel, cleft deeper above, with subulate teeth about 2 mm. long. Leaves 1-1.5 dm. long, narrow, very short- petioled. Leaflets 4-10 pairs, not contiguous, 1-2 cm. long, narrowly elliptical, apiculate and obtuse. Internodes about 3 cm. long. Stems flexuous, about 2 ft. high, br;inchrd b^low and woody, no-iriv eror*. Pubescence woolly-hoary and apnressed. Dry hills throughout the San Joaquin valley and over to San Luis Obispo. 69. Astragalus trichopodus (Nutt.) Gray Proc. Am. Arad. 6 218 (1864). Phaca trichonoda Nutt. in T. &. G. Fl. 1 343 (1838). Pods about 1.5 cm. long, and 6 mm. wide and high, with cross section about round, half-elliptical, about equally triangular-acute at the ends, not at all laterally flattened, in short spikes as are the flowers. Flower.<^ white, stubby, about 1 cm. long. Banner with erect part short and rounded and arched remote from calyx tips. Keel and wings about equal, nearly as long as banner. Calyx campanulate, about 2 mm. long, nigrescent, with triangular teeth from a deltoid base about one third as long as tube and with broad sinuses. Pedicels slender, 2-4 mm. long, longer than the bracts. p-^d'T^r-l-^f^ i-"" '', ri'-;-! i-n'' ';''>" .T'^t*. Infiati 117 1 eaves nearly sessile, about 1 dm. long, narrow. Leaflets 10-14 pairs, n'.iTowly elliptical, about 1-1.5 cm. long, obtuse. Stems weak and short, decumbent, florlferous throughout, with slender internodes, about a foot long. Stipules small. Pubescence rather scanty, appressed and nearly straight. Santa Barbara and Catalina Island California. Nut- tall, Lyon. The type species has rarely been collected. In it the stems are stouter and appearing as if erect. Species confused with the next by Gray and with A. Antiselli. Si;ecimens sent out as typical got by Giay from Santa Paula are A. Antiselli. California botanists and the vriter have also confused it with the next. 70. Astragalus capillipes n. s]. Pods about 2.5 cm. long and 1 cm. high, about 3 mm. wide, greatly laterally flattened, half-oval, the ventral suture a little convex toward the tip, apiculate. Flowers 1.2 cm. long, white, not stubby, in spikes. Banner oblong, about 1 cm. long, but rather variable, rather abruptly erect remote from the calyx, with sides reflexed above, about 4 mm. longer than wings. Wings broadly linear, about 1 mm. longer than keel. Keel straight and tip triangular and erect and rather narrow, obtuse. Calyx about 2 mm. long and wide, very oblique at both ends, truncate at base, teeth minute and deltoid one-third to one-fourth as long as tube. Pedicels about as long as calyx and longer than the bracts. Pedr.n- rles many, axillary, about 1 dm. long, with pods racemose and rachis 8 bout 5 cm. long. Stems erect, 2-3 ft. high, nearly simple. Stipules small, triang liar and green. Leaves about 1 dm. long, about sessile, with 15-20 pairs of narrowly elliptical leaflets about 1 cm. long, ob- tuse or notched, nearly contiguous, very minutely pubescent with short and fine appressed hairs. The type is materiiil fi'om Blanche Trask Catalina Island, also material from the island from Brandegee. r refer here also No. 1338 Orcutt from San Telmo Lower California, with some doubt. The character of stubbiness in a flower for the most part is a valid one as opposed to a narrow flower with long banner, but falls down in A. procerus, and may fail in the separation of Crotalariae from vestitus, and lencopsis from what has been called leucophyllus, just as the characters of wooUiness and silkiness may fail in the same groups, but must be maintained till clearly proven t'^ Intergrade. Should this distinction fail this species will then be A. trichopodus var. capillipes. 71. Astragalus leucophyllus T. & G. Fl 1 336 (1838). Phaca len- cophylla (T. & G.) Hooker & Amnt. not A. l-'ir-onhyllus Willd. (1S00> which is a synonym of A. angusffolius Lam. (1783). A. asymmetricus Sheldon, A. leucopsis var. asymmetricus (Sheldon) and var. leucophyl- lus (T. & G.) Jones. Pods a little more than half-oval, the ventral suture being a little convex in the middle, about 3 cm. long, on a hoary scipe as long as p^od, tip pnd base deltoid or barely poinited, In- clined to be a little obcompressed. pendent. Flowers 1 cm. long, many, ascending. Banner nearly round to oval, about 5 mm. long, gently arched from calyx ti)is to 45 degrees, with sides reflexed about 1 mm. wide in the middle, barely 1 mm. longer than wings. Wings half- elliptical, veiny, obtuse, about 2 mm. wide, about as long as keel. Keel about 4 mm. long and 2 mm. high, the base a little arched and then rounded to erect and tin cut off nearly square, about 3 mm. high at tip, not colored. Calyx tube oblong campanulate, about 5 mm. long and 3 mm. high, not oblique below and barely so above, nearly equally inserted on the thick pedicels at the fleshy base, cleft deeper above, teeth subulate from a deltoid base, about half as long as tube. Fruiting pedicels about 4 mm. long, as long as the lanceolate hyaline bracts which are conspicuous. Peduncles about 1 dm. long and half as long as fruiting rachis,. Leaves 6-8 cm. long, not narrow, nearly ses- sile, rigid, with stout and channeled rachis. Leaflets thick, nearly linear, about 2 cm. long, rounded, or acutish, nearly contiguous. 14-18 pairs. Stipules rather falcate triangular, 5-8 mm. lone, rieid. erect, 118 Inflati not connate. Stems rather stout and sulcate, 2-3 ft. high, with inter- uodes rarely 3 cm. long, flexuous, from a woody base. Pubescence variably hoary. Lower Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys and over to Monterey and San Luis Obispo. Not often collected. 72. Astragalus curtipes Gray Proc. Cal. Acad. 3 103 (1868). A. leucopsis var. curtipes Jones. Iragacantha Kuntze. Pods half-oval- ovate, 3-4 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, sulcate ventrally, sharply triangular- acute, truncate at base or very abruptly contracted into a stipe as long as calyx and set at right angles to it, nearly erect, translucent and very thin and greatly inflated, rather few on a short rachis. Flowers white, with exserted claws, in a short spike 2-4 cm. long, soon reflexed but calyx ascending in fruit. Banner broadly elliptical, 7-8 mm. long, arched remotely from calyx to 45 degrees, with sides reflexed about 1 mm. wide in the middle, about 2 mm. longer tuan wmgs, not very fleshy. Wings broadly linear, obtuse, arched a little, vemy, about 1 mm. longer than keel. Keel arched from base to about a half circle, very obtuse, about 4 mm. high and long. Calyx tube campanulate, 4 mm. long and 3 mm. high, rather truncate at base and inserted near the lower corner, cleft deeper above and oblique, the triangular nig- rescent teeth a little unequal and a little over half as long as tube. Pedicels stout, about as long as the ovate to lanceolate bracts, 2 mm. long. Peduncles 1-2 dm. long, 3-4 times as long as fruiting rachis. Leaves slender, and not rigid, 6-10 cm. long, narrow, with slender rachis, and petioles even the upper 2 cm. long. Leaflets broadly linear, not thick, 1-1.5 cm. long, rounded, not contiguous, about 15 pairs. Internodes rarely 3 cm. long. Stems rather slender, erect or ascending from a woody base, often with very short internodes and leaves con- gested later in the season, 1-2 ft. high. Stipules conspicuous, hyaline, connate throughout, often 1 cm. long. Pubescence veiy minute and ashy. San Luis Obispo California. This has been much confused. It is described by Gray as having pendulous pods, but this seems to be due to the reversal of the pods which sometimes occurs in pressing. The leaflets are described as refuse and 13-33, they arc seldom notched and the pairs are many. Most of the material referred to this belongs with leucopsis. 73. Astragalus leucopsis T. & G. Fl. 1 694 (1840) as Phaca and Torr. Mex. Bound. 56 t. 16 (1859). Phaca canescens Nutt., Tragacan- tha Kuntze. Pods oblately half-oval and very obtuse at both ends, merely apiculate and about 2.5 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide in the type, with the ventral suture somewhat arched and sulcate, papery and translucent, abruptly rounded to the stipe which is about 1 cm. long, cross section seemingly about round but a little flattened above, but really triangular-obcordate when fresh, about pendent. Flowers 1-1.5 cm. long, rather thick and in the type stubby with the banner but little longer than the wings, and ascending about 45 degrees to 90 degrees remote from calyx tips, greenish cream colored, loose- ly spicate. Banner boardly ovate, with sides reflexed above and 6-8 mm. long, petals with claws inclined to be exserted. Wings narrowly obtuse, nearly straight, close pressed to keel and then flaring above, arched a little, about 2 mm. wide and 2 mm. longer than keel or less, half-oblanceolate. Keel about 5 mm. long, with rather convex base and then abruptly rounded to erect, the tip tri- angular, obtuse and about 3 mm. high. Calyx hyaline, inserted on the lower corner and rather truncate but not oblique when fresh, a little narrowed at mouth and cleft deeper above, a little laterally flattened, about 3 mm. long and nearly as high, teeth subulate, un- eniial and little longer than half the tube. Pedicels stout, about 2 mm. long and as long as the triangular-subulate greenish bracts with reflexed tips. Peduncles strict, often a foot long, sulcate, rather lo^ie:. nearly sessile, with slender rachis. Leaflets elliptical, mostly notched, flat and rather thin, long-petiolulate and cuneate at base, Inflati 119 1215 pairs, nearly contiguous, about 1 cm. long, obtuse. Stems 2-3 ft. high, woody below and trunk often an inch in diameter. Internodes short and leaves many, erect. Stipules rigid, reflexed, green, rarely 5 ,mm. long. Common throughout southern California and possibly in the upper San Joaquin valley, also extending on the islands along the coast, to Ensenada Mexico, reaching up into the Lower Temperate life zone on Cajon Pass. A. leucopsis var. brachypus (var. curtus Sheldon) Greene is a form of this with stipe not longer than calyx. Astragalus leucopsis var. lonchus n. var. This is a slender form with pods half-elliptical, about 3 cm. long and 1 cm. high on a stipe fully 1 cm. long or more. Flowers about 2 cm. long, with elongated banner and wings, the banner, 4-6 mm. longer than keel and 3-4 mm. longer than wings, often purple-tinged, and keel purple-tipped. Flow- ers in heads on the ends of long peduncles This is my No. 3083 from San Diego. My no. 3675 distributed as A. curtipes is an intergrading form. Common with the type. A shrub with stems often an inch in diameter. Astragalus leucopsis var. fastidius (Kell.) Jones Cont. 10 62 (1902). Phaca fastidia Kell. Hesperian 4 145 (18G0). A. fastidius (Kell.) Jones, A. fastidiosus Greene. Pods half-oblong-ovate, about 3 cm. long and 1-1.2 cm. high, acuminate with an upturned tip, and deltoid to truncate at base and with stipe hardly longer than calyx. Flowers few and racemose. Stems white-hoary, leaflets nearly smooth above. Islands off the coast of Lower California. 74. Astragalus lutosiis Jones Cont. 13 8 (1910). Pods much in- flated, 2.5-3 cm. Icng and about 1.5 cm. high and wide, papery and translucent, lying flat on the ground, reddish, not mottled, oblong-oval to ovate-oval, obliquely triangular-acute at tip and a little narrowed below, the tip inclined to turn up and the base down, sulcate at both sutures but mostly along the ventral which is intruded 2 mm. deep, ( ross section triangularreniform to round-reniform, jointed to a stipe shorter thnn the calyx. Flowers few, white, in a head which is nearly sessile in the axils. Banner white, 1 cm. long, arched abruptly to 45 to 80 degrees 4 mm. beyond calyx tips, thin, with sides reflexed most below and 2 mm. wide, not at all at tip and the banner appears fid- dle-shaped, groove very deep and V-shaped, little if at all narrower or flattened at tip. notched deep, about 2 mm. longer than wings and 3 mm. longer than keel. Wings oblong-linear, about 7 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, arched to 30 degrees in a gentle arc, a trifle wider above and oblique at tip, notched on the lower side at tip, rounded, white, faintly purple-veined below, folding over the keel tip. Keel 2 mm. long and 2 mm. high, very flat, lunate, the triangular tip and base about equal purple. Calyx hyaline, reddish, cylindrical, much laterally flattened, the tube about 7 mm. long and 8 mm. high, with straight base and upper side arched, not oblique below, equally inserted, mouth a trifle contracted and a little oblique, notched deeper above, nigrescent Teeth triangular, about 1-2 mm. long. Pedicels stout about 2 mm. long, PS long as the triangular bracts. Fruiting peduncles about 2.5 cm. long, with 1-4 pods. Leaves when fully developed about 7 cm long, broad, with slender petioles nearly as long as rachis. Leaflets about 12 nnirs, mostly folded, oval, about 7 mm. long, rounded, shortly-petio- I'llate, with fine and dense appressed hairs, hoary. Stems almost fili- form, about 1 dm. long, almost wholly underground, with 1-3 nodes above ground, with large oval to oblate stipules not connate and about 4-5 mm. long. Stems several to many from the crown of a large, thick fleshy erect root. Growing in the poorest white shale on bare places at the foot of cliffs but not in loose debris, and on ridges. Lower Tem- perate life zone on the White river western Colorado north of Dragon. In fruit in May, blooming very early. 75. Astragalus megacarpus (Nutt.) Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 215 (1864). Phaca megacarpa Nutt. in T. &. G. Fl. 1 343 (1838). Pods nearly 6 cm. 120 Inflati long, oblong-oval to oblong-ovate, sulcate ventrally and a little ob- lique, prow-like tipped, rather truncate at the somewhat narrowed or abruptly rounded base, round to oval-reniform in cross section, with stipe 2-7 mm. long but shorter than calyx. Ventral suture a mere sharp-edged line externally. Flowers 2.5 cm. long, white, thin. Banner narrowly-oval, about 1 cm. long nearly flat, arched abruptly to 80 degrees or erect at the end of calyx tube or teeth and with very broad groove. Wings linear, nearly straight, rounded, about 1-2 mm. wide and 3-4 mm. shorter than the banner, and nearly as much longer than keel, concave to keel and flaring. White spot of banner trian- gular and with obscure purple veins going nearly to the upper third of banner. Keel about 3 mm. long and high, but little surpassing calyx, arched to a half circle from base, the tip triangular and obtuse and a little darker colored. Calyx tube cylindrical, nigrescent with scattered and very short hairs, about 1 cm. long and 3-4 mm. high, a little flat- tened laterally, narrowed a little at tip and deeper cleft with a sharp sinus, the upper side a little convex in the middle with the base straight, deltoid and fleshy and attached just below the middle of the end, teeth narrowly triangular and about half as long as tube. Pedi- cels 5-8 mm. long, mostly bracteate, several times as long as the ovate to triangular bracts. Peduncles almost none in flower, about 5-8 cm. long in fruit, filiform, with a few ascending and racemose flow- ers close together near the end. Leaves 1-1.5 dm. long, narrow. Peti oles nearly half the whole and persisting for several years at the crown Leaflets thin, oval to elliptical and tending to ovate and notched, about 1 cm. long, shortly cuneate and petiolulate. Stems prostrate :'n small tufts, many, only a few inches long, from a stout and long fleshy root. Stipules inclined to be imbricated, triangular, hyaline, very broad below and short, not over 5 mm. long. This grows in the bad lands of Wyoming north of the Uintas to Sapinero Colorado around the edges of the Navajo Basin in the Lower Temperate life zone on the poorest of clay soil in little gulches mostly, and on sharp slopes where there Is a little alkali. It blooms very early in the spring, and the enormous pods (the largest in the genus) which are wholly out of proix)rtion to the size of the plants soon blow off and lodge in the surrounding tufts of grass or weeds. It is a very variable species. Astragalus megacarpus van. Parry! Gray Bot. Cal. 1 148 (1876). A- megacarpus var. prodigus Sheldon. This differs in no ])articular from the species except that the flowers are 1.5 cm. long and pur])le- tipped with banner beautifully purple-veined, wings linear-oblanceo- late and about 2 mm. wide and keel base straight and purple-tip])ed. Calyx tube 5-6 mm. long, rather narrowed below and teeth often only a third the tube and triangular. The pubescence varies from none to densely hoary with rough and very short and appressed hairs on the younger parts. Leaflets about 5 mm. long and round to oblong, notched to apiculate. Pods generally smaller. Theodore, Gunnison, Vermilion, Sevier Bridge, Cedar City, Elk Ranch on the upper Vir- gin Utah. Lenimon, Rusby and Toumey also collected it in northern Arizona around the San Francisco peaks. This grows under oak brush near Tropic, but in other places in draws of the barren clay slopes of the Tertiary clay strata, locally abundant, but rare gen- erally. Rusby's flowers are yellow when dry. 76 Astragalus oophorus Watson Bot. King 73 (1871). A. artipea Gray, Phaca Rydberg. Pods obliquely oval-ovate, about 3 cm. long and 2 cm. wide and nearly as high, papery to nearly coriaceous, either flattish on the ventral suture or somewhat sulcate, the suture straight or a little convex, apiculate, deltoid to triangular-tipped, either trun- cate or deltoid at base, drooping, cross section cordate-obovate, ven- tral auttire raised as a thin wing 2 mm. high or varying to a sharp edge only, inclined to be upcurved, pod often boat-shaped and then a little laterally flattened, Jointed to stipe at base or somewhat produced Inflati 121 into a stipe which is jointed and then produced as a stipe which is about as long as calyx, the whole stipe as long as or twice as long as calyx tube. Flowers in the type cream-colored almost exactly as as in A. Beckwithii, shortly racemose, about 10, ascending, about 1.5 cm. long, rather wide. Banner oval to broadly oblong, arched abrupt- ly to 45 to 90 degrees, remote from calyx tips, nearly 1 cm. long, with sides reflexed in the middle and so appearing fiddle-shaped, the erect part a little humped near the middle by the half-conical sulcus. Wings 2-3 mm. shorter than banner and nearly as much longer than keel, about 2 mm. wide and linear. Keel with exserted claw, about 3 mm. long and high, very obtuse and arched to a half circle, barely darker tipped. Calyx tube campanulate, about 4 mm. long and high, nearly equally inserted at the rounded and slightly oblique and fleshy base, cleft a little deeper above with a broad sinus but hardly oblique, all the sinuses rounded, and teeth filiform and as long as tube. Pedicels 3-4 mm. long, nearly as long as the lanceolate and hyaline bracts. Leaves about 1 dm. long, narrow and rather rigid, with pet- iole decidedly shorter than the rachis. Leaflets 4-12 pairs, from round to oblong-elliptical, always with cuneate base, 1-2 cm. long, smooth and leathery, glaucous. Stipules triangular-falcate, rathfM- rigid and spreading, not over 5 mm. long. Stems slender, in tufts, rarely a foot long, flexuous, with congested lower nodes, leafy, the upper in- lernodes rarely 3 cm. long, ascending or the central ones erect, from an erect, slender, fleshy root. Common on gravelly sloi)es in desert regions from Gunnison Colorado to the Sierras, northward through LTtah Valley Utah and the Reese river Nevada, southward to the Mogollon plateau Arizona and the Charleston Mts. and Death Valley. Lower Tenii)erate life zone. This and A. Beckwithii inhabit the same regions but do not grow together nor seem to hybridize. The south- ern forms are mostly the var. artipes. Bailey's specimen mentioned in Coville's Death Valley Rep. is A. megacarpus. Astragalus oophorus var. caulescens (Jones Cont. 7 643 (1895) (1878) as species). This has purple banner and keel and white wings, calyx teeth triangul-^r and about half as long as tube, tube often 7 mm. long and 4 mm. high, pods inclined to be acuminate into the stipe, papery and much mottled. This is the common form of the ■southern range. Astragalus oophorus var. caulescens (Jnes Cont. 7 643 (1895) as metacarpus var.) This is a form with nearly coriaceous pods acu- minate at both ends, barely mottled, and calyx teeth as long as tube, and which begins to approach A. Beckwithii, Webe rQuarry, Loa, Loa Pass Utah. Glenwood Springs, Colorado. 77. Astragalus Beckwithii T. & G. Pac. R. R. Rep. 2 pt 2 120 t. 3 (1855). Pods oblong and obliquely acuminate, 2.5-4 cm. long, 7-10 mm. wide, cross section Y-shaped by being bisulcate ventrally and the suture raised as a sharp and strong rib, concavely triquetrous mostly, rather reniform in the var. Weiserensis, a little fleshy when fresh, transversely rugulose or smoothish, dorsal side a little convex or flat or a trifle sulcate, in the type not puliiy within when fresh, often minutely and sparsely black-hairy, with stipe about as long as calyx and then jointed to the tapering and stipe-like base of pod. Flowers crowded in short racemes, cream-colored in the type, about 1.5-2 cm. long, 6-10. Banner abruptly arched about 4 mm. beyond calyx tips and opposite the end of keel to erect, oblong, deeply notched, with sides reflexed only in the middle, and fiddle-shaped, waterlined: groove broadly V-shai)ed above, a half circle below and making the lower part of banner very convex externally and club-shaped above the JTincture with the fleshy claw, the blade about 12 mm. loni^'and i mm. wide. Wings obliquely oblanceolate, narrowed and nearly acute at tip, 3-4 mm. wide, about 7 mm. longer than keel. Keel faintly purple- 122 Inflati veined, 3-4 mm. long and high, arched into about a half circle, on a rather long-exserted claw. Calyx oblongcampanulate, 4-7 mm. long, nigrescent, the triangular-subulate teeth about as long as tube but variable. Pedicels 2-4 mm. long with bracts ovate to lanceolate 2-5 mm. long and hyaline. Peduncles 5-15 cm. long, rarely as long as leaves, stout. Leaves with variable petioles but never as long as rachis, 1-2 dm. long, the rachis and peduncles coarsely sulcate. Leaflets 6-12 pairs, round to rather broadly elliptical, shortly petio- lulate, veinless, rounded to notched, 2-15 mm. long. Stipules ovate to triangular-subulate, not connate, spreading and rather stiff, rarely 5 mm. long. Stems tufted from a branched and woody root, as- cending, branched below, a few inches to 2 ft. high, the pods about pendent on the nearly horizontal peduncles. Growing on gravelly slopes and flats in rather poor soil. From western Wyoming on the bad lands and the western base of the Wasatch through San Pete and Sevier Valley to Cedar City and Pioche Nevada and northwest- ward to the Tukenon river Washington and Spence's Bridge B. C. and the Snake River valley and Lewiston, Idaho, more common at the north. Lower Temperate life zone. Astragalus Beckwithii van. purpureus Jones Cont. 3 288 (1893). A. artemisiarum Jones. Pods filled with pulp when young and becoming very rigid when ripe. Flowers with purple banner and keel and bases of wings, white spot purple-veined. Wings obliquely ovate. Leaflets inclined to be diamond-shaped, not over 1.2 cm. long, about 1 cm. wide. This is the common form in eastern Nevada. Astragalus Beckwithii var. Weiserensis Jones Cont. 9 47 (1900). Pods little mottled, coriaceous, about 4 mm. high, 1 cm. wide and 2.5 cm. long, arcuate to about one third circle, pungently acute, oblong- elliptical, ventral suture raised as a wing 1 mm. high. Flowers few, racemose to almost capitate, al)0ut 2-2.5 cm. long, not colored, thick. Banner abruptly arched at calyx tips, about 4 mm. longer than wings. Wings boardly linear to elliptical-oblanceolate 3-4 mm. wide, 3-4 mm. longer than keel, almost acute. Calyx tube about 4 mm. long and high, with the narrowly-linear teeth as long as tube as in A. megacarpus. Bracts about 1 cm. long, two to three times as loni? as the pedicels. Peduncles about half as long as the leaves. Leaves about 2 dm. long, with 6-8 pairs of elliptical to obcordate leaflets, mostly 2 cm. long. Stipules very large, deltoid, 1 cm. long. Stems rather stout a foot long, decumbent. Cxrowing under the sngebrush at Weiser Idaho, on the edge of the Lower Temperate life zone. This has many of the characteristics of A. megacarpus as to flowers and general habit. Though there are certain marked differences in pods the remarkable similarity in flowers and general habit shows that all the species of this group are intimately related. Watson's No. 271 is a mixture of material, that from the Coyote Mts. Nevada is this variety in all probability. 78. Astragalus triquetrus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 13 367 (1878). A. Geyeri var. triquetrus (Gray) Jones. Pods somewhat arcuate- oblong, deltoid-acute at tip, and obtuse but somewhat narrowed at base, about 6 mm. high and 3 mm. wide, deeply sulcate dorsally, and with suture slightly produced below the middle, with flat sides, the ventral suture a little concave and a mere line, the tij) flat, finely nerved and smooth. Flowers minute, white, those of A. Geyeri. Peduncles axillary, very slender and much shorter than the leaves. Leaves 3-5 cm. long, short-petioled, many, divaricate. Leaflets about 4 pairs, elliptical. 5-8 mm. long. Stems flexuous, 1-2 dm. long, freely branched, spreading from a slender annual root. Internodes 1-3 cm. long. Pubescence ashy. Sandy deserts of southeastern Nevada. Tropical. Inflati 128 79. Astragalus Craigi Jones Cout. 9 42 (1900). Pods a little arched nearly 2 cm. long, about 6 mm. wide and high, triangular-acute at both ends, the tip a little upturned and flat, the base straight, when young laterally flattened but when mature decidedly inflated and translucent, the cross section nearly oval-reniform, slightly to deeply sulcate dorsally and suture produced as a thin edge but hardly one half mm. high, nearly smooth. Flowers white about 7 mm. long, arched. Banner purple-veined, about 4 mm. long, oval, abruptly arched to erect at calyx tips, with sides reflexed 1 mm. wide. Wings oblong, ascending, 2 mm. longer than keel. Keel a little exceeding the calyx, rounded and obtuse, short, incurved with erect and straight tip. Calyx tube campanulate, 2 mm. long, and oblique, narrowed, slender, 2 mm. long. Bracts minute, trian:4ular. Peduncles axillary, 1-3 cm. long and as long as the floral raehis, 6-8 flowered, sulcate. Leaves about 7 cm. long. Leaflets 4-.") nairs, obovate, long-petiolulate, inclined to be a little alternate below notched, thickish, 7-10 mm. long. Stems perennial and widely spreading, branched, with internodes 2-3 cm. long, about a loot long. Stipules small, green, not connate. Pubescence almost none, hairs snort and appressed. John Day river Oregon, May 1885, Howell. Named for Prof. Craig in whose herbarium it was found. Middle Temperate life zone. 80. Astragalus lentiginosus Douglas in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 151 (1834) Cystium Rydberg. Pods oblique, with oblique and mostly upcurved tips, sulcate at both sutures, often didymous. Flowers with large keel. This is the most variable of all Astragali. It I'anges from the Middle Temperate peaks to the Tropical deserts. The varieties are best arranged under the following key. Flowers in heads. Clearly perennial. Pods in heads. Pods translucent or papery. Stems prostrate or much elongated. Flowers narrow, not over i cm. long, white or purple-tinged. Peduncles shorter than the leaves. Pods long-pointed, from ovate and hooked to linear. Leaflets obo- vate. A. lentiginosus and Var. diaphanus. Pods very short-pointed, globose or nearly so, little over i cm. long. Vars ineptus, albifolius and Sierrse. Stems ascending to erect. Vars. MacDougali and nigricalycis. Pods chartaceous or coriaceous, not translucent. Pods narrow and much arched or hooked, but little inflated, small. Vars. scorpionis, Idriensis and carinatus. Pods large, ovate to oval. Vars. diphysus and latus. Pods in spikes. Var. palans. Flowers and pods in racemes or at least not heads. Plants inclined to be bien- nial and blooming as winter annuals. Mostly Tropical. Pods in long racemes, lanceolate, acuminate, incompletely 2-celled, the dor- sal suture not being fully intruded along the middle and not at all at tip, but little inflated. Vars. Mokiacensis and Borreganus. Pods broadly ovate and large, much inflated and mottled. Racemes short. Banner and wings longer than keel. Stems flexuous and widely spread- ing. Leaflets inclined to be obovate and silvery-pnbescent. Vars. Coulteri, Fremonti and Yuccanus. Astragalus lentiginosus typical. Pods ovate and acuminate with up-turned flat beak, about 2 cm. long, 1 cm. wide, often mottled, with cross section about round. Leaflets nearly smooth, about 8 pairs. Peduncles In most of the axils and very short. Leaves 5-10 cm. long, narrow. Occasional in the Columbia Basin in the valleys. Middle and Lower Temperate life zones. Astragalus lentiginosus var. diaphanus (Dougl.) Jones Cont. 7 675 (1895). A. diaphanus Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am .1 151 (1834). 124 Inflati Pods linear and laterally compressed, about 2 cm. long, incurved, traslucent and very thin. Lower Columbia Basin, Lower Temperate life zone. Seldom collected. Astragalus lentiginosus var. inepitus (Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 525 (1865) as species.) Leaflets narrowly to broadly elliptical. Common in the sagebrush valleys along the eastern face of the Sier- ras from Walker Lake northward. A. lentiginosus var. floribundus Gray is a form with acuminate pods, and A. salinus is a form with broad leaflets and short globose pods, both inter-grading with the type. Forms with broader flowers about 1.5 cm. long and large leaflets and papery pods nearly 2 cm. long from Wyoming and Utah inter-grade freely with the var. diphysus. Lower Temperate life zone, in rather alkaline places. Astragalus lentiginosus var. aibifoiius n. var. This is a form with filiform peduncles 5-6 cm. long, little white flowers about 8 mm. long, broad sessile leaves about 8 cm. long, pods oval-ovate and apiculate, narrowly-elliptical, long-petiolulate, silvery-white leaflets about 1.5 cm. long, with closely appressed pubescence of short white hairs, and stems 2-3 ft. long. Internodes long. It is a remarkable variation. Lone Pine Owen's Valley California in alkaline meadows. Lower Tem- perate life zone. Astragalus lentiginosus var. Sierrse n. var. Pods mottled, single to few 1.2-1.5 cm. long and almost sessile in the axils on very short and stoiii peduncles, leaves all petioled, about 3 cm. long, with about 8 pairs of oblong-obovate thick and smooth leaflets closely touching, and with short internodes. Stems about a foot long. Root thick and woody. In gravelly soil Bear Valley California. Middle Temperate life zone, in open spaces. Astragalus lentiginosus var. MacDougali (Sheldon) Jones Cont. 7 673 (1895). A. McDougali Sheldon Minn. Stud. 9 169 (1894). Pods densely clustered, many, globose, about 7-10 mm. long and wide, very abruptly and obliquely flat tipped, on subterminal stout peduncles nearly as long as leaves. Leaves 5-7 cm. long, with nearly 10 pairs of smooth oval to elliptical leaflets about 1 cm. long. Stems about erect, a foot high, branched below. San Francisco Mts. Arizona. Middle Temperate life zone. Astragalus lentiginosus var. nigricalycis Jones Cont. 7 674 (1895.) Pods few at the ends of peduncles about as long as leaves, smoothish and mottled when mature, oval-ovate, with very short and deltoid ■ oblique tip, about 2 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide, greatly inflated. Flowers about 1.2 cm. long. Calyx black-hairy, teeth a fourth as long as tube. Leaves about sessile, 5-7 cm. long. Leaflets 8-10 pairs, oblanceolate. 1.5 cm. long. Stems ascending, a foot or two long. Whole plant softly and rather s])arsely woolly. Bakersfield and Al- calde California in open flats. Tropical. Astragalus lentiginosus var. scorpionis n. var. Pods coriaceaus, ovate, abruptly hooked and claw-like, hardly 1 cm. long. Flowers about 8 mm. long with elongated banner and wings, calyx campanu- late, leaflets small, oval to elliptical. Peduncles half as long as leaves. Morey Peak Nevada No. 6365 Purpus, and Braudegee from the Yakima region Washington 1883, and No. 896 McBride from Em- mett Idaho. Middle Temperate life zone. Flowers white or purple. Astragalus lentiginosus var. Idriensis Jones Cont. 10 63 (1902). Pods lanceolate, often arched to a circle, about 2 cm. long, when not greatly obcompressed the cross section is triquetrous-cordate, other- wise rather ildymous and transversely linear. Flowers purple-tipped, about 1.5 cm. long and very narrow, the wings and banner elongated, and the keel normal that is half-spatulaite and the blade about 3 times as long as wide. Calyx cylindric and about 5 mm. long and 2 Inflati 125 mm. wide, the teeth about one fourth as long as tube. Peduncles about 6 cm. long and twice as long as the sessile and divaricate leaves which have about 10 pairs of obovate leaflets about 1 cm. long, thiclv, appearing as if glaucous, smooth above and ciliate and a little appressed hairy below. Stems very slender and widely spreading with long internodes and from a woody root. New Idria California, Miss Eastwood. Astragalus lentiginosus var. carinatus n. var. Pods as in the var. Idriensis but not often mottled, often long-acuminate. Flowers white with purple-tipped keel. Banner oblong, from half as long to nearly as long as keel, abruptly arched to 45 degrees at calyx tips. Wings linear, straight, about 1 mm. shorter than keel. Keel con- spicuous, half-spatulate, about 5 mm. long. Calyx campanulate, the tube about 2 mm. long and a little longer than the rather spreading teeth. Peduncles filiform 2-3 cm. long, about a half shorter than the leaves. Leaves ascending, all petioled, with about 8 pairs of elliptical leaflets which are about 5 mm. long, appearing as if glaucous, and ciliate and slightly pubescent beneath as in the preceeding variety, but thin. Stems several, equally slender and prostrate or nearly so from a slender or rather thick and woody and erect root. Baker City Oregon on flats, June 11, 1902, and Chat, California. Middle Temperate life zone. Astragalus lentiginosus var. diphysus (Gray) Jones Cont. 7 673 (1895). A. diphysus Gray. PI. Fend. 35 (1849). var. chartacsus Jones. Pods ovate and with falcate and variously acuminate tip, or body oval but always with the falcate beak, cross section variously reni- form to didymous, often 4 cm. long. Leaves all petioled, leaflets mostly obovate, rarely elliptical, 8-10 pairs, 1-2 cm. long, mostly smooth. Peduncles shorter than the leaves which are often 1 dm. long. Internodes short. Stems many in tufts, erect to ascending, a foot or two high. Flowers about 2 cm. long, purple, with elongated banner, the oblanceolate wings rather longer than keel. Common in the sagebrush from Santa Fe New Mexico and Holbrook Arizona to Wyoming, southern Idaho and the Sierras. This intergrades freely into the forms with papery pods. A. cuspidocarpus Sheldon which is A. ammolotus Greene, as to Leiberg's material at least is a form of this. Middle and Lower Temperate life zones. A form of this from Lima Montana intergrades with the type species. A. lentiginosus var. chartaceus Jones is a form intergrading with the var. latus below. Astragalus lentiginosus var. latus. (A. diphysus var. latus Jones Cont. 3 287 (1893). A. latus Jones Cont. 5 272 1894) also. This Is a densely csespitose form with woody stems from a stout root and herbaceous tips a few inches long and flat on the ground. The pods are almost globose and conical pointed, varying to oval with rather falcate tip. about 2 cm. long, didymous, often mottled, hidden among the leaves on peduncles rarely over 2 cm. long. Flowers light- purple, about 2 cm. long, very narrow, the banner and wings elon- gated. The tubular tui)e is about 8 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, and the teeth triangular to filiform and often half as long as tube. Leaves about 1 dm. long, all petioled, with about 6-8 pairs of oval to obovate leaflets, a little over 1 cm. long and smooth. A remarkable variety but nothing else. Rocky canons in the mountains free from alkali. Middle Temperate life zone. Rather common in east- ern Nevada. Type locality Aurum. A form of this with tiny flowers and globose and apiculate pods rather papery is from Monatchy Mead- ows California Purpus, No. 1971, and is ashy pubescent. Astragalus lentiginosus var. palans Jones Cont. 4 37 (1893) and Cont. 8 4 (1898). Pods linear and falcate often to a half circle, 3-4 cm. long and hardly 5 mm. wide, with cross section inclined to be triquetrous, sharply acuminte, cross-wrinkled. Flowers purple and about 2 cm. long with elongated banner and wings and cylindrical 12(j Inflati tube and filiform teeth. Peduncles rarely half as long as leaves. Leaves often 1 dm. long, widely spreading, with about 8 pairs of oval to elliptical leaflets 1-2 cm. long, mostly notched and smooth. Stems normally elongated and straggling over the ground. Growing in rather alkaline soil along the tributaries of the Colorado river from the San Juan to Grand Junction Colorado and westward to Virgin City, Utah. Southward at least to Flagstaff Arizona. This is the common form of the species in the Navajo Basin. Lower Temperate life zone. A. araneosus Sheldon from Frisco Utah (Jones) is a form intergrading with the var. diphysus. It also occurs at Detroit Utah and Austin Nevada. Astragalus lentiginosus var. Mokiacensis (Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 13 3ti7 (1878) as species). A. ursinus Gray. A. Wilsoni Greene. Pods smooth, a little cioss-wrinkled, 1.5-2 cm. long and about 5 mm. wide, with cross section round and inclined to be sulcate ventrally and a little dorsally but shallow, almost straight to a little bent in the mid- dle, only slightly oblique, ascending, coriaceous, with dorsal suture intruded hardly half way below, the pods vary from ovate-lanceolate to linear lanceolate. Flowers bright pink-purple as in A. Utahensis, bluish when dry, horizontal to little ascending, about 2 cm. long, not narrow. Banner oblong-oval, about 1.2 cm. long, abruptly arched to nearly erect at calyx tips, with sides reflexed 4 mm. wide below, little above; groove shallow and very broadly V-shaped throughout; white spot obovate, barely reaching tip of keel, striate-purple-veined, narrow and small, about 3 mm. wide and 4 mm. long, not reachia.':;- within 5 mm. of banner tip and is barely wider than the reflexed p^rt on each side. Wings 2 mm. wide, straight, concave to keel and pressed close, about 1 mm. longer, rounded. Keel half-spatulate, about 3-4 mm. wide at tip, straight, 7 mm. shorter than banner. Calyx tube about 5 mm. long and 3 mm. high, cylindric-campanulate. greenish or reddish, oblique, sparsely nigrescent, cleft deei)er above with rounded sinuses, somewhat laterally flattened, attached near the midddle at the fleshy base to the stout pedicel, teeth subulate and about 2 mm. long, the lower the longer. Pedicels about half as long as the lanceolate and hyaline bracts which are about 3 mm. long. Peduncles stout, subterminal and strict, 5-7 cm. long, sulcate, about half as long as the racemes and about as long as leaves. Leivf^s nearly sessile above, with 5-7 pairs of oval-ovate, rather notched leaf- lets about 1 cm. long, which seem glaucous but are whitish with fine wavy appressed hairs, rather sparse. Stems erect, thick, nearlv straight, rather fleshy from a woody root. Stipules green, reflexed, about ^^ mm. long. Growing on the plateau south of St. George on both sides of the Colorado river. Lower Temperate life zone. This seems like a well marked species but it intergrades through the var. palans. Astragalus lentiginosus var. Borreganus Jones Cout. 8 3 (1898). Pods as in the var. Mokiueensis but silvery white, in long racemes often a foot long, and suture intruded about two thirds. Peduncles the same as above but axillary nearly throughout and slender in flower. Lenves about the same but all petioled and rarely over 5 cm. Ion.?, the leaflets about 5 pairs and obovate mostly and silvery white with very fine and closely appressed hairs. Flower about the same relative shape but hardly 1 cm. long, the keel being oblately half-oval-ovate, and the calyx tube hardly 4 mm. long. Pedicels almost none. 1 mm. long in fruit. Stems slender and flexuous, rarely a foot high and branched, Clr-arly a winter annual. Tropical in the Colorado desert. Extend- ing as far east as Kelso California east of the Amargosa desert. This shades directly ii to the var. Coulteri. Inflati 127 Astragalus lentiginosus var. Coulteri (Benth.) Jones Cont. 8 4 (1898). A. Coulteri Benth. PI. Hartweg. 307 (1848). A. Arthu-Schotti Gray. A. eremicus Sheldon. Pods rigid, not leathery nor papery, hoary as is the whole plant, about 2 cm. long, very oblique and falcate-short- pointed. Flowers about 1.5 cm. long, wide, the subulate calyx teeth nearly as long as tube. Leaflets often 2 cm. long. Pubescence great- est on the under side of the leaflets. Common on the Colorado and Mojave deserts, and Owen's Valley California. Tropical. On flat and gentle slopes. Biennial. This is almost certainly a hy- brid between lentiginosus and aridus. Astragalus lentiginosus var. Fremonti (T. & G.) Watson Bot. King 66 (1871). A. Fremonti T. and G. Pac. R. R. Rep. 4 80 (1857). A. Coulteri var. Fremonti' (T. and G.) Jones. Pods translucent and papery and smooth, oval-ovate with a more or less falcate tip, 2-3 cm. long. Flowers about 1 cm. long and narrow, the triangular teeth rarely one third as long as tube. Leaflets rarely 1.5 cm. long, sil- very-pubescent above, less pubescent below, often a little woolly. Common from Hawthorne Nevada and Darwin and the Death Valley region to Mexico. Tropical. Astragalus lentiginosus var. Yuccanus Jones Cont. 8 3 (1898). Pods papery, translucent and smooth, about 2 cm. long, oval-ovate and short-pointed. Peduncles stout and about as long as leaves, about 1 dm. long, in all the upper axils. Flowers white, about 1 cm. long, narrow, banner wings and keel about equal. Calyx teeth minute. Leaves nearly sessile, divaricate, about 1.5 dm. long, with 10-12 pairs of nearly oval leaflets about 1.5 cm. long. Pubescence almost none except a little spreading hairs on stems, peduncles and rachis. Stems very stout, 2-3 ft. high, erect, biennial, blooming as winter annuals. Yucca Arizona, Jones. Tropical. Similar material from Good Springs and Meadow Valley Wash Nevada but with elongated banner and wings and calyx teeth subulate and one third as long as tube. Other material similar but with coriaceous pods from Peach Springs and Lee's Ferry Arizona. Lower Temperate life zone, and intergrading toward the var. Mokiacensis. Other material from Chlo- ride Arizona with the flowers of Mokiacensis but otherwise the var. Yucanus. 128 Sparsiflori. SPARSIFLORI. 5. Pods chartaceous, reticulated, lunate, sulcate dorsally with ventral suture concave or rarely straight, tip straight or ascending nearly m line with the ventral suture, but '.vhich is humped a little at the end, acute at both ends or short-stipitate, not splitting the calyx, cross section normally triquetrous, pod laterally' flattened, a little inflated, with tip flat and triangular- acute, length normally 1-3 cm. but sparsiflorus is shorter. Flowers light-colored, mostly capitate, rarely short-racemose, rel'lexed or widely spreading, 5-10 mm. long, with campanulate calyx tube 1-3 mm. long. Banner oval, arched abruptly at (below only in A. villosus) or beyond calyx tips to 45 to 90 degrees, with sides reflexed below, notched, 3-6 mm. long, nearlj' tAvice as long as keel. Wings narrowly oblong, obtuse, about 1-2 mm. wide, narroAver than keel and arched somewhat. Keel straight below, abruptly arched at tip to erect and tip tri- angular and 2-3 mm. high and rounded to acutish and dark or colored. Bracts small, or narrow. Pedicels slender. Pedun- cles longer than the leaves except in typical sparsiflorus when fully mature, axillary nearly throughout, slender. Middle leaves 5-12 cm. long, about three times the internodes, the low- est leaves very much reduced. Petioles short above, leaf rachis long and filiform. Leaflets rather long-petiolulate, flat, rather distant, narrowly-elliptical to obcordate, rounded to re- tuse, not over 1 cm. long, 4-12 pairs. Stipules 2-4 mm. long except in villosus, greenish. Stems filiform or njarly so and prostrate or straggling, 2-7 dm. long, forniiutr mostly open mats from a single crown terminating an erect and slender root. Plants perennial. Pubescence attached b}^ the base and often loose. KEY A. prostrate plants. Pods reticulated, chartaceous, ascending, wider above, with cross-section triangular-cordate and with dorsal suture a mere line within, and the ventral suture not intruded but merely a sharp and raised line. Calyx teeth as long as the tube. Leaflets oval to obcordate. Flowers reflexed in oblong spikes. Leaves nearly sessile. Pubescence of soft, long, spreading hairs. 8i villosus. Pubescence none except on calyx. 82 obcordatus. 2A. Plants weak and decumbent. Calyx teeth short. Flowers rather few. Leaflets mostly narrow. Leaves all petioled. Pods charta- ceous, mottled, with dorsal suture little intruded or not at all, wider above, cross section ovate to triangular-cordate. Flowers very few, hardly 5 mm. long, much arched, and rather scattered, on peduncles shorter than the leaves. 83 sparsiflorus SparsifroH. 129 81. Astragalus villosus Mx. Fl. 2 67 (1807), A. Intonsus Sheldon. Phaca villosa (Mx.) Niitt. Pods about 2 cm. long, acuminate at butb. ends, narrowly lunate, appearing as if lanceolate but not larger below, about 3 mm. high in the middle, rather deeply sulcate dor- sally. Flowers about 1 cm. long, in oblong heads, rather many, white or cream-colored. Banner about 6 mm. long, strongly arched near the end of the tube to nearly erect, about 4 mm. longer than keel and 2-3 mm. longer than wings. Wings about 1 mm. wide, con- spicuously arched. Keel about 4 mm. long, barely surpassing the calyx lobes, with the base arched and then abruptly erect to the triangular tip which is acute and slightly turned out and cuspidate. Calyx tube 2-3 mm. long, green, obliquely campanulate, the lower side somewhat narrowed at the pedicel and the upper side inclined to be saccate, but pedicel inserted in the middle of the end; teeth broad with triangular base and subulate above, as long as or nearly twice as long as tube. Bracts lanceolate, green, 2-3 mm. long, longer than the fruiting pedicels. Peduncles about 1 dm. long, the fruiting rachis about 2 cm. long. Stems very weak, with many rather short internodes, hardly a foot long, nearly prostrate, much branched below and from very slender underground stems, the lower internodes with large overlapping stipules which are rather connate behind the petioles but not in front, and adnate, green, 1 cm. long, triangular- acuminate, reflexed. Leaves lax, 1 dm. long or less, with weak and scarcely tapering rachis. Leaflets 6-8 pairs, the terminal one the largest, and gradually smaller below, about oval, rounded, rarely notched, the base not noticeably cuneate, short-petiolulate, the largest rarely 8 mm. long, thin. Pubescence, loose, long, of very filender, twisted, blunt, straight hairs, someewhat spreading, and never very dense, the upper side of leaves smooth, tlhe calyx, pods, peduncles and stems shaggy. Dry pine barrens from South Carolina to Florida and westward to Louisana and Missouri. Lower part of Lower Temperate to the Tropical life zone. Blooms from March to May. I keep up the name of Michaux instead of the inton- sus of Sheldon for the reason that the A. villosus of Gueldenst. It. 2 178 seems to have been only incidently named. 82. Astragalus obcordatus Ell. Sketchb. 2 227 (1822) A. ElliottI Dietr., Tragacantha Kuntze, Tium Rydb. Pods crescent shaped, 2-3 cm. long, about 7 mm. high, acute at both ends, chartaceous, smooth, sulcate nearly to the middle dorsally, very shortly-stipitate, the sides inclined to concave, walls with raised reticulations. Flowers 5-8 mm. long, pale-purple or nearly white, loosely spicate, 5-15. Banner 4-6 mm. long, arched rather abruptly at end of teeth to erect, with reflexed sides 1-2 mm. longer than wings which are about 1 mm. longer than keel and much arched. Keel with straight base and abruptly erect and blunt tip mostly purplish, about 3 mm. long. Calyx rather narrowly campanulate, hyaline, the tube 2 mm. long, rather narrowed below and Inserted a little below the middle of the end, sparsely appressed- short-pubescent, teeth narrowly triangular, as long as tube, the lower the longer and arched. Bracts minute, ovate, shorter than the short and filiform pedicels. Peduncles filiform, 5-10 cm. long. Leaves 7-10 cm. long, with filiform rachis. Leaflets obcordate, rarely 6 mm. long, with short-cuneate base, rather long-petiolulate, 71 2 pairs, the central ones the largest and tapering both ways on rachis. Stems as in villosus. but stipules minute. Whole plant except the calyx smooth. Among scrub oaks and in dry pine barrens Florida to Geor- gia. Blooming in March and April. Tropical. A very close rela- tive of A. villosus. 83. Astragalus sparsiflorus Gray Proc. Phil Acad. 2 7 60 (1863) name only, and Proc. Am. Acad. 6 205 (1864). Tium varlegatum Ryd- berg. Pods 5-10 mm. long, larger above, obovate to clavate-oblong 130 Alpini. and very oblique, the tip abruptly hooked and deltoid and ending in the long subulate style which is at right angles to the body, the ventral suture very concave, and the dorsal suture arched to a half circle and mostly sulcate to the middle and the suture a trifle pro- duced as a thin edge, pod about 3 mm. high, rarely reflexed, very short-stipitate, puberulent, with ventral suture a mere line. Flowers white, veined with purple, about 5 mm. long, generally 2 at the end of the capillary peduncle. Banner nearly round, about 5 mm. long ab- ruptly arched at end of calyx tube to erect or more, deeply notched, with sides but little reflexed. Wings broadly oblanceolate, 2 mm. wide, much arched and nearly as long as banner. Keel oblong and incurved to nearly a half circle from the base, much shorter than the wings and barely surpassing the calyx teeth, purple, much rounded at tip and up- per corner about square. Calyx tube about 1 mm. long, and about as long as the subulate arched teeth, almost turbinate, nigrescent, acute at base, equally inserted on the filiform pedicels which are 4-6 mm. long and longer than the subulate and minute bracts. Peduncles about 5 cm. long, arched. Upper leaves sessile, the lower conspicuous- ly petioled, 5-8 cm. long, with filiform and tapering rachis. Leaflets 5-6 pairs, about ovsd, inclined to be shortly-cuneate below, 5-7 mm. long, thin, all about the same size, the terminal one often obcordate, minutely appressed-pubescent. Stems 2-3 ft. long, almost filiform, with many internodes and the upper ones about as long as the leaves. Upper stipules the largest, triangular, 4-6 mm. long. Stems many, from a slender erect root which is much branched at the crown, as in A. villosus. In gravelly places in moist canons of northern Colorado from Canon City northward. Middle Temperate life zone. Astragalus sparsiflorus van. majusculus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 206 (1864.) Pods oblong-oblanceolate, about 2 cm. long, somewhat falcate, with the tip straight and not hooked and with suture convex at tip. Flowers racemose and about 6. Leaflets 6-8 pairs, elliptical to cuneate-oblong, fully 1 cm. long, long-petiolulate. Stems about a foot long and much branched. At first sight this seems like a well defined species, but it intergrades and often grows with the species. Mountains of Colorado west of Denver and Boulder and in Platte Canon. This is the normal well developed form. Alpini. 131 ALPINI 6. Pods papery, variously inflated, rarely large, on slender pedicels stipitate and pendeijt (erect in the first group), rather few-seeded in the middle, opening throughout the ventral sut- ure ; with ventral suture the more arched in young pods or when rarely concave in A. andinus in mature pods the tip is declined ; with dorsal suture a mere thickened edge within or a little produced as a papery partial partition, the body rather oblique but nearly straight. Flowers small (about 1.5 cm. long in A. Gormani and the alpinus group). Stipules green and conspicuous (hyaline in A. Gormani), veiny, large or foliose, not connate (rarely so in A. andinus, free in A. Gor- mani), longer above on the stems, very broad near the root. Stem leaves fully or almost sessile (short-petioled in the A. al- pinus group), with several pairs of thin, flat, rather narrow, green, and mostly obtuse leaflets. Plants blooming in sum- mer and growing in high and cold mountains and mountain yalleys. Phaca. KEY A. Pods apparently sessile. Flowers in long racemes. Bracts tri- angular-subulate with thread-like tips, 3-7 mm. long. Leaves about sessile, about 1 dm. long, with 6-8 pairs of nearly linear leaflets cuneate at base and about 2 cm. long and rarely 5 mm. wide, and long-petiolulate. Peduncles elongated and strict, much longer than the leaves, and with rachis about half the peduncle. Pods erect and appressed. Arctic. 84 Gormani. Pods pendent. Subalpine. 85 elegans. 2A. Pods conspicuously stipitate and pendent, appearing almost sessile in some cases in A. Labradoricjs var. occidentalis. 2AB. Stipules not very large nor leaf-like, acuminate above. Bracts small, and acuminate. Peduncles longer than the leaves. Flow- ers with purple-tipped keel, and mostly purple tinged above, not over 1 cm. long. Young pods inclined to be nigrescent. Calyx teeth triangular to subulate often as long as tube. Pods dis- tinctly laterally flattened when mature, not sulcate or only slightly so, the dorsal suture intruded as a partial partition, but rarely 1 mm. high. The ventral suture greatly arched and the dorsal about straight. Flowers in long racemes (except in A. Cottoni). A. arcticus and oroboides are near this group. Pods narrow, 1-2 cm. long. Flowers stubby. Leaflets broad and not congested. Leaves 4-7 cm. long. Pubescence almost none. 86 Labradoricus Pods about half-oval. 2-2.5 cm. long. Flowers not stubby. Leaflets narrow, mostly congested. Leaves 4-10 cm. long. Pubescence minute or none. 87 aboriginum. Pods 2.5 cm. long, half-oval. Flowers not stubby. Leaflets ellintical. Leaves closely sessile, woolly. 88 Cottoni 132 Alpin.. 2A2B. Flowers in spikes, white or cream-colored, about 1.5 cm. long, closely reflexed. Keel large and not purple-tipped, very obtuse and rounded. Wings short. Pods with dorsal suture thick- ened within but not raised as a thin edge. Stipules very large and leaf-like, fully 1 cm. long, reflexed, thin, obtuse, or the uppermost only acutish, oval to oblong. Peduncles subterminal, shorter than the leaves. Calyx white, very oblique at both ends, cut off at the lower corner and set obliquely to the long and filiform pedicel and inclined to be saccate on the upper corner, cleft much deeper above, with rudimentary and broadly deltoid teeth. Leaves all petioled. Leaflets very large, ellipti- cal, contiguous, short-petiolulate, broadly cuneate below, obtuse, 2-4 cm. long. Pods black-hairy. 89 alpinus. Pods green and smooth. 90 Americanus. 2A3B. Pods distinctly obcompressed, the cross section triquetrous- reniform, somewhat inflated, nigrescent, conspicuously sulcate dorsally, with ventral suture straight or a little concave but with a convex hump near the tip and tip declined, on a stipe as long as calyx. Flowers in short racemes or clusters. Stip- ules large and leaf-like. Leaflets 10-12 pairs. Plants from filiform underground rootstocks. 91 andinus. 84. Astragalus Gorman! Wight, n. sp. Pods erect and appressed, oblong-lanceolate, straight, about 1.5 cm. long and 4-5 mm. wide and high, cross section apparently nearly round, partly 2-celled by the intrusion of the dorsal suture which is nearly straight, with the ven- tral arched, pod splitting the calyx, shortly acuminate, rounded at the sessile base, smooth. Flowers white, narrow, nearly 1.5 cm. long, reflexed. Banner elliptical, about 1 cm. long, abruptly arched to 45 degrees at calyx tips, with sides reflexed about 1 mm. wide through- out, 3-4 mm. longer than wine:s. Wings lance-linear, 1 mm. wide, arched about 30 degrees, 2 mm. longer than keel. Keel with straight base and exserted claw, about 4 mm long, 2 mm. wide, the tip abruptly rounded to about 110 degrees and deltoid, about 3 mm. high purple. Calyx about 4 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, ribbed, rounded at the fleshy base and nearly equally inserted, cleft much deeper above, hyaline and nigrescent with minute appressed hairs; teeth triangular, spread- ing and about 1 mm. long. Pedicels 2-3 mm. long. Bracts very nar- row, hyaline and lax, about 7 mm. long. Peduncles stout, 23 dm. long. Leaves widely spreading, about 7 cm. long, and 4 cm. wide. Leaflets smooth, rather glaucous, obtuse, rather distant. Stipules subulate-lanceolate, papery and hyaline, adnate and not connate, about 7 mm. long, spreading, the lower much broader and rather longer. Stems about 2 ft. high, with the lower internodes longer, than the leaves, ascending, decumbent at base. Whole plant smooth except the calyx. Root woody and rather stout. This has the habit of A. aboriginum. It grows In moist ground on creek banks near Fort Selkirk Alaska, Upper Temperate life zone, blooming in July. Gorman. The Indian name is Ayan-Gih-thah. 85. Astragalus elegans (Hook.) Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 154 (1894) Phaca elegans Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 144 (1830). A. oroboides var. Americanus Gray, A. Shearis Rydberg, Atelophragma Shearis Ryd- berg. Pods half-oval, hardly 1 cm. long, 5-7 mm. high and about 3-5 mm. wide, a little laterally flattened, with cross section broadly ovate and rarely a little cordate when pod Is slightly sulcate dor- sally, dark, but white-hairy, obliquely deltoid at each end and with stout declined mucro at tip and a minute stipe at base, the ventral suture convex to about one third circle, the dorsal straight or a trifle Alpini. 133 convex, pendent; dorsal suture intruded as a thin and narrow hya- line band; not explanate along the ventral suture throughout, scarce- ly at all splitting along the dorsal. Flowers in the type deep-purple, with light claws, 7-9 mm. long, narrow. In dense racemes 2-5 cm. long. Banner oval, about 4-5 mm. long, with sides a little reflexed throughout, arched abruptly at end of tube to 45 degrees, 1-2 mm. longer than wings, with white spot very strongly purple-veined. Wings lanceolate, hardly 1 mm. wide, arched to 45 degrees, about 1 mm. longer than keel. Keel with straight base, about 3 mm. long, 1-5 mm. high, and abruptly rounded to about 110 degrees and with the deltoid tip about 2 mm. high. Caylx tube about 3 mm. long and 1.5 mm. high, narrowed below and acutish at the base and in- serted near the lower corner, very oblique at tip and much deeper cleft above, nigrescent, the lax and subulate teeth unequal and nearly as long as tube. Bracts subulate to triangular, 4-5 mm. long, longer than the flowering pedicels. Arctic plants have the papery bracts subulate, southern plants have triangular bracts hairy and stiffen Stipules green, nearly deltoid, about 5 mm. long, the lower very broad and rounded, often overlapping their edges but almost never truly connate. Proper peduncles about 1 dm. Icng and longer than the leaves . Leaves all shortly petioled in the type, nearly 1 dm. long, rarely 3.5 cm. wide. Leaflets narrowly elliptical to broadly linear, 1.5-3.5 cm. long, ashy, mostly notched, rather distant. Stems 1-2 ft. high, nearly erect, the internodes about as long as the leaves, from rather much branched woody roots. From the plains of Alberta to Ladrabor and northward in the mountains to Alaska and the Arctic, in moist woods and meadows. Middle and Upper Temperate life zone blooming in July and August. This differs from A. oroboides of Europe in the narrow not oblong-ovate leaflets. Astragalus elegans var. curtiflorus Rydberg Fl. Mont. 242 (1900). Pods and flowers In long racemes on elongated peduncles. Flowers hardly 8 mm. long, often lighter colored. Bracts about 2 mm. long. TTpper leaves sessile. Stems and peduncles sulcate. This is the common form from Leadville Colorado to the British line in the mountains, not in the Great Basin but on the Pacific slope in Deer Lodge valley Montana, Upper Temperate life zone, also along cold streams in the Middle Temperate, in moist places in meadows and open woods. 86. Astragalus Labradoricus DC. Prod. 2 287 (1825). A. secun- dus Mx., A. Blakei Eggleston, A. Robbinsii var Jesupi Sheldon, A. ma- counii Rydberg. Pods 1-2 cm. long, 4-5 mm. wide or high, only slightly sulcate. shortly acuminate at both ends, in the young state quite nar- row and inclined to be obcompressed but with age often laterally flat- tened, somewhat Inflated, with dorsal suture a little produced. Stipe about as long as caylx. FHowers spicate, about 1 cm. long 1015, about half of them maturing and the fruit racemose. Banner oval, about 7 mm. long, 2 mm. longer than wings, arched gently to 45 degrees about 2 mm. beyond calyx tips, with sides reflexed 2 mm. wide and most above and with claws included. Wings 2 mm. longer than keel, nearly linear, about 1 mm. wide, a little arched, much narrower than keel and exposing its base. Keel small, straight, about 3 mm. long, with tip rounded, obtuse, and as wide as high. Calyx about 3 mm. long, a little narrowed below, slightly oblique at tip. Teeth triangular, about 1 mm. long. Pedicels slender, horizontal in flower, longer than the bracts, 2 mm. long in flower and 4 mm. long in fruit. Bracts conspicuous, hyaline, lanceolate. Peduncles 1.5-3 dm. long, in the up- per axils, racemes 4-12 cm. long. Leaves 4-7 cm. long, widely spread- ing, the upper sessile. Leaflets elliptical to oval, 1-3 cm. long, obtuse to notched, somewhat pubescent, about 5-6 pairs, not contiguous, shortly cuneate at base, fully 7 mm. wide, thin. Stipules triangular- lanceolate, 4-7 mm. long, mostly rather small for the plant but varia- 134 Alpin.. ble, the lower ones short and often reniform. Stems 1-2 ft. high, slender, tufted, ascending to decumbent, open and airy plants with internodes 4-10 cm. long. Pubescence of whole plant almost none except the nigrescent calyx and pods. Young forms of this closely resemble A. andinus, but the flowers of that species are capitate, the stipules broader and greener, the habit more decumbent and the pods as they ripen differ greatly. Alpine and subalpine from the mountains of New England to Labrador. Intergrades toward the var. occidentalis grow in Alberta and are A. Macounii Rydberg. This often passes for A. andinus in New England. Astragalus Labradoricus var. Robbinsii (Oakes in Gray's Man. Ed. 2 98 (1856), as species). Pods much laterally flattened, about 1-1.5 cm. long and half as high, half-oblong-oval, with the dorsal suture straight and the ventral much arched, rather abruptly narrowed at both ends, and shortly acute, opening first at tij), but little inflated though the cavity is much wider than the seeds, seiitum a little in- truded. Flowers capitate to short racemose, 7-10 mm. long, ascend- ing, white. Calyx cleft deeper above and with broad sinus; teeth one- half to one mm. long. Bracts small, lanceolate, those on the lower flowers larger. Leaflets 7-12 mm. long, oval to oblong, 3-5 pairs, long- petiolulate. Stipules green, rather large. Stems variably erect. Pubescence appressed and nigrescent, not dense. Alpine in the moun- tains of New England. Astragalus Labradoricus var. occidentalis (Watson Bot. King 70 (1871) as Robbisii var.) A. occidentalis (Watson) Jones. Atelophrag- ma Rydberg. Body of pod 10-15 mm. long, rarely 2.5 cm. long, shortl/ acute at both ends, half-oval to half-elliptical, about 7 mm. high in the short pods and 3 mm. wide and high in the long pods, mostly half- oval ovate nearly as wide as high, cross section rather broadly ovate, pod inflated, on a twisted pedicel so that the dorsal suture is mostly uppermost, often a little sulcate dorsally, in long racemes nigres- cent, with dorsal suture intruded often 1 mm. high. Stipe normally about half as long as calyx but very variable from very short to a little longer than calyx, when very short it approaches A. elegans. Flowers rather many, ascending to horizontal, spicate, dirty-white but often tinged with purple, purplish below, about 7 mm. long, rather narrow. Banner oblong-oval abruptly arched to 60 to 90 degrees 1 mm. beyond calyx tips, 7 mm. long, 1-2 mm. longer than wings, with sides reflexed about 1 mm. wide; groove very broadly V-shaped below and disappearing above. Wings arched to 30 degrees, narrower than keel and about 1 mm. longer, obovate, rounded, notched below the til), with a little groove along the middle, concave to keel and ob- lique, riaht hand one pressed close to keel. Keel with tip nearly erect and rour.ded, 2 mm. high, about 3 mm. longer than calyx, lead- purple. Calyx tube about 2 mm. long, almost turbinate, truncate, very oblique above, cleft deeper above with broad sinus, teeth deltoid at base, barely half as long as tube, with pedicel about equally inserted. Bracts green, lanceolate to subulate, not over 2 mm. long. Peduncles as often axillary as terminal with the rachis often a foot long. Leaves not condensed, not over 1 dm. long. Leaflets oval to oblong, rarely 12 mm. long (northern forms often have leaflets 3 cm. long), smooth or nearly so, 6-7 pairs, green, often paler below. Stipules large, rarely a little connate at very base. Stems widely spreading over other plants or prostrate, 1-2 ft. long. Crowns rather many from a woody and erect root, not from underground and slender rootstocks as in andinus. This differs from the var. Robbinsii in the less lunate pods, about equally acute at both ends but very shortly stipitate, and in the more numerous leaflets. But it is exceedingly variable in all characters. It often grows with A. andinus and may hybridize with it. Alpine and subalpine. East Humboldt Mts. Nevada to the Blue Alpini. 135 Mts. Oregon and northward and eastward to Colorado but not foiind in Utah so far. A. Macounii is a form intermediate between this and A. Labradoricus and is the more common northern form. It occurs in the mountains of Alberta and along the border in British Columbia and as far westward as Upper Marias Pass in Montana and Oroville in the Cascades, Washington, but is mostly replaced in the northwest by A. Bourgovii with connate stipules. In rocky meadows. 87. Astragalus aboriginum Rich, in Frankl. Jour. App. 18 (1823). Phaca Hooker, Homalobus and Atelophragma Rydberg. Pods half- oval, about 2 cm. long exclusive of the stipe, and about 5 mm. high, triangular acute at tip and apiculate, and also acuminate into the tapering stipe which is longer than the calyx, about smooth and brownish when ripe, opening all along the ventral suture. Cross section rather ovate. Flowers 7-12 mm. long, stubby, capitate, some- times white. Banner abruptly arched to nearly erect at end of calyx, fleshy, about 2 mm. longer than keel, oval, 3-4 mm. long, with sides reflexed about 1 mm. wide. Wings arched to nearly erect, rather cu- neate and lobed at tip and about 2 mm. wide, about 1 mm. longer than keel and 1 mm. shorter than banner. Keel with base generally arched a little and tip triangular or deltoid and at least abruptly erect, about 3 mm. high. Calyx tube hardly 2 mm. long, obliquely campanulate. rather narrowed below and inserted near the lower corner, the base straight and upper side arched, cleft deeper above, the teeth nearly as long as tube and nigrescent with black wool. Pedicels about 2 mm. long and shorter than the hyaline bracts which nearly equal the calyx tube. Peduncles sulcate, in fruit about twice as long as leaves and the fruiting rachls as long or longer than the peduncles. Leaves mostly sessile, wide, 4-10 cm. long. Leaflets 5-6 nairs, linear in the type, about 2 cm. long, 2-4 mm. wide, rather distant in the type and ascending, acutish, often subalternate, variously hoary to almost smooth, with straight and appressed hairs, pubescence decid- uous. Stipules about 5-7 mm. long, conspicuous. Stems slender and nearly erect in the type, a foot or two long, from a thick and yel- low root. Much used by the Indians for food. Frequent in open and rocky woods from Lake Winnepeg to British Columbia in the rocky Mountains to the Yukon. Middle and Upper Temperate life zones. Astragalus aboriginum van. glabriusculus (Hook.) Rydberg Cont. Nat. Herb. 3 492 (1896). Phaca glabriusculn Hooker Fl. Bor. Am. 1 144 (1830.) Astragalus glabriusculus (Hook.) Gray and var. major Gray. A. Forwoodii Watson. This is the common form with narrowly ellipti- cal leaflets nearly or quite smooth. From Veta Pass Colorado to the Fast Humboldt Mts. Nevada and northward. Rare in the Great Basin. Mt. Belknap Utah. A. Forwoodii is an intermediate form. Astragalus aboriginum var. fastigiorum' n. var. This is a densely congested form with many nearly prostrate stems with few nodes and sharp leaflets densely congested making the leaf about as broad as long, and with inflorescence often longer than the stems, and pub- escence variably woolly to straight. Alpine or subalpine, most common on high ridges from Montana to the Wallowa Mts. Oregon. The typo is my material from Mr. Haggin Montana, and to it I refer Cusick's from the Wallowas. 88. Astragalus Cottoni n. sp. A. Olymplcus Cotton Terr. Bull. 29 573 (1902). Pods with body 2.5 cm. long and about 1.2 cm. wide, nearly half-oval but with the dorsal suture a little arched, otherwise it would be half-oval, rounded at tip and with a minute recurved apiculation in line with dorsal suture, triangular at base and acutish where it ends in the filiform stipe which is twice the calyx and about 6 mm. long, minutely pubescent and papery, nearly the shape of A. leucopsis but with sutures reversed, the ventral suture being greatly arched, pods ascending from a pendent calyx. Dorsal suture intruded as a thin and 136 Afpini. lacerate edge, 1 mm. wide. Flowers white with purple tips, about 1 cm. long, arched, widely spreading. Banner nearly round, about 8 mm. long, 7 mm. wide, about 2 mm. longer than wings, with sides reflexed below. Wings deeply notched, broadly oblong, 7 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, a little longer than keel. Keel with rather straight base, then abruptly curved to a half circle, very thick, purple and very obtuse. Calyx tube about 3 mm. long, nigrescent, oblique and nar- rowed below to the slender pedicel which is 2 mm long, with teeth tri- angular-subulate, spreading and over half as long as tube. Pedun- cles about 7 cm. long, longer than leaves, rather stout, the rachis about half .ns long. Leaves and stipules as in A. aboriginum, closely sessile and with 5-6 pairs of leaflets which are elliptical, about 1.2 cm. long and 4 mm. wide, and barely acute. Stems branched and many from the crown. Pubescence softly and rather sparsely woolly. On the alpine summits of the Olympic Mts. Washington, Elmer. This seems more like an extreme form of A. aboriginum than a good species. 89. Astragalus alpinus (L.) Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 65 (1894). Phaca alpina L. 755. A. frigidus (L.) Gray. Pods nigrescent, very gibbous, acute at both end3, oblong 2-3 cm. long, often 1 cm. wide, on a stipe hardly as long as calyx, inclined to be sulcate dorsally, con- spicuously inflated. Flowers few to many, broad, short and stubby, about 1.5 cm. long. Petals all about equal, with fleshy claws. Ban- ner gently arched to 45 degrees ? mm. beyond calyx teeth, with sides reflexed toward the tip about 2 mm. wide. Wings oblanceolate, 2 mm. wide, nearly straight, half as wide as the lunate keel. Keel broad, ob- tuse. Calyx tube about 5-7 mm. long, 2 mm. high, the teeth variabl'^ from a mere rudiment to shortly triangular. Bracts 7-10 mm. Ions:. Leaves 4-7 cm. long, even the upper shortpetioled, the lower ones with petioles longer than the adjoining leaflet. The rachis grooved. Leaf- lets 4-5 pairs, mostly oblong-ovate, variably black or white-hairy below, smooth above. Stems stout, about a foot high, erect and little branched, from slender root-branches. Throughout the Arctic regions of the World. In the tyiie the calyx is nearly smooth, the American forms are nearly all the following. Plants growing in the tundra and humus. Astragalus alpinus van. jittoralis (Hook.) Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 133 (.1891), Phaca fri^rida var. littoralis Hook. 71. Bor. Am. 1 140 (J 830) A. frigidus var. littoralis (Hook.) Watsnn. Pods elliptical, shortly-acute at both ends, somewhat obcompressed, not sulcate, with stipe 2-3 mm. long. Flowers capitate, cream-colored, with white mar- giris. Banner about 7 mm. long, and 1 mm. longer fnan keel. Wings obovate to narrowly oblong, about 2 mm. wide. Keel rounded and gently arched from base, blunt, about 3 mm. high. Calyx softly black-hairy, the upper side convex, the lower straight, teeth triangu- lar and about half the *iibe or less. Bracts rathei small. 2-7 mm. long. Leaflets hoary below, 3-6 pairs, sparsely woolly, lance-oblong to oblong-oval or ovate, 2-3 cm. long. 4-10 m-u. wide or more, obtu-^e or refuse or even acutish. Stems sulcate, 1-2, 7-10 cm. long in fruit, but hardly 5 cm. long in flower. This is the common Alaskan form. 90. Astragalus Americanus (Hook.) Jones Cont. 8 8 (1898). Phaca frigida var. Americana Hook. Bor. Am. 1 140 (1830). Phaca Amer- icana Rydberg. A. alpinus var. Americanus (Hook.) Sheldon. Pods smooth and green, very thin, elliptical and triangular-acutp at both ends, the body about 2.5 cm. long and 1 cm. wide, on a stipe about twice as long as calyx, with ventral suture conspicuously arched, with dorsal-suture a little broadly sulcate and a mere rib within, inclined to open first at base, often black with minute hairs when young. Flowers about 1 cm. long, rather many in a dense spike, white, the banner oval and a trifle longer than wings which are Alpini. 137 barely longer than the keel, about 6 mm. long, arched gently from crJyx to nearly erect, thick, the thin white margins reflexed about 2-3 mm. wide. Wings oblanceolate and rounded, barely 2 mm. wide. Keel very obliquely elliptical, the obtuse tip ascending mostly to 45°, pbout 2 mm. wide. Calyx tube about 5 mm. long and 4 mm. high, smooth except at the rudimentary teeth, the teeth almost obsolete. The filiform pedicels conspicuous, 4-10 mm. long. Bracts nearly equaling the calyx. Leaves 1-1.5 dm. long, with very short petioles. Leaflets 5-9 pairs, ovate to oblong-elliptical, lighter below ;ind sparse- ly pubescent with very short and woolly hairs, often 5 cm. long, rounded to notched. Stems stout, 2-3 ft. high, strict, from slender but rather woody roots. Occasional from Dakotah and northern Colo- raao in subalpine valleys around the edges of woods to the Arctic, northwestward to the head of the Bitterroot in Montana at Alta. Not in the Great Basin nor (so far) reported from the western edge of the Columbia Basin. 91. Astragalus andinus (Nutt.) Phaca andiua Nutt in T. & G. Fl. 1 345 1838. A. astragalinus (L.) Sheldon, Phaca astragalina L. 196. The necessity for adopting the Phaca alpina L. for the A. fri- gidus L., because of the Vienna rules, requires renaming the Astra- galus alpinus of Linnaeus. For evident reason I do not adopt the senseless name astragalinus, nor the already preoccupied A^. giganteus of Sheldon, another equally senseless name for this diminutive plant. Pods as well as flowers capitate or very shortly spicate, 1-1.5 cm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, rarely 3 mm. high, obliquely oblong, nearly straight, closely reflexed, shortly and abruptly acute at both ends to triangular and even acuminate at base, the longitudinRl section generally ellin- tical from side to side, black-hairy and mostly shaggy, but variable with dorsil suture from conspicuously produced half way to a mere line within. Flowers 7-12 mm. long, purple-tipped, rarely all purple, can- itate when many, sometimes few, and pods reduced to a single terminal one or few, or many, generally 6-12 mostly widely spreading Did soon closely reflexed. Banner obovate to oval, 5-10 mm. long, nther abruptly arched to 30 to 90 degrees at calyx tips or 2 mm. beyond and wlien much reflexed seems remote from keel, about 1 mm. longer than keel or less, with the obovate and rounded white spot ( onsnif^uously purple-veined, with sides reflexed most in the middle and 2 mm. wide; groove V-shaped and vanishing above. Wings oblong- ''lavatf. 9 n^m. wide, about 5 mm. lone, about as long as or a little shorter than keel, neither grooved nor notched, pale to white, straight, or ascending 30 degrees. Keel very large for the flower, straight, the base straight and then arched variously but rarely to erect, the general outline being clavate and broadly oblanceolate, the tip 3-4 mm. high and about 3 mm. wide, triangular and rounded to nearly acute, about as long as banner and very prominent. Calyx tube cam- panulate to hemispherical, a trifle laterally flattened, cleft deeper rbovp with narrow sinus, a trifle oblique at base but equally inserted, about 2 mm. long; teeth triangular, unequal, variable hut not as long as tube. Pedicels about 2 mm. long and equaled by the hyaline bracts. Peduncles subterminal, stout for the plant, 7-10 cm. long, ascending, longer than the leaves, very sulcate. Leaves all petioled except the uppermost. Leaflets oval to elliptical. 7-10 mm. long, obtuse, rarely rptuse, gradually smaller above, mostly 10 (6-12) pairs, the northern forms rather silky with sparse, white, long and fine, loosely appressed hairs, but the southern forms almost smooth. Stems almost fili- form, flexuous, with few long internodes, the lower ones mostly short, weak and flat on the ground, or with ascending tips, much branched, rarely a foot long, forming loose and open mats. Stipules conspicuous ereen, large, rather deltoid. Very variable plants in size of flowers, length of stipe, and width of pods. European pods are often half as wide as long. Vv^^stern flowers are mostly small though the large 138 Alpini. European flowers are not uncommon. Common in all the higher mountains of Colorado and northern New Mexico and Utah to the East Humboldt Mts. Nevada and northwestward through the Blue Mts. to the Cascades, northward to Montana and the Arctic. Alpine and subalpine, also growing in cold meadows at the north in the Middle Temperate at Flathead Lake Montana, etc. Growing in gravelly places along rivulets. Collini. 139 COLLim 7. Pods somewhat fleshy when green, coriaceous (almost cartilaginous in A. Gibbsii,) not inflated, linear or nearly so, elongated, stipitate but stipe not jointed nor the pod jointed to it, 1-celled and with sutures not at all intruded, laterally flat- tened (rarely obcompressed in the middle in A. Gibbsii), in- clined to split first at base along both sutures and through the the stipe but with valves not curling, with both sutures thick and raised externally and rib-like, pod acuminate or triangu- lar-acute at both ends, flat-beaked, arcuate (rarely straight in A. collinus and Tweedjd) often to a circle or more, wtih the ventral suture concave and the tip in line with it, opening first at base, rarely at tip. Flowers cream-colored, 7-15 mm. long, racemose and mostly densely so, variously reflexed, stubby. Banner mostly much recurved and fleshy at base, with wings inclined to extend beyond it and these mostly much longer than keel, banner blade often shorter than calyx tube. Keel short and long-clawed, with tip erect abruptly or a little more than erect, about 3 mm. high. Calyx short-cylindric to campa- nulate, inclined to be a little inflated, hyaline, cream-colored, very oblique at both ends, the upper side arched to nearly one third circle, the lower side straight, inclined to be saccate on the upper corner at the insertion and inserted on the lower corner which is mostly cut away a little there, the cal.yx re- flexed and mostly inserted at right angles to the pedicel which is relatively slender, erect, and as long as the minute and mostly subulate bract, 1-3 min. long. Peduncles in the upper axils. Internodes many and short, the uppermost the short- est. Leaves short, 2-10 cm. long, widely spreading, almost sessile. Leaflets 4-7 pairs, nearly contiguous, long-petiolulate, thiekish but not fleshy, from nearly round or obovate to nearly linear, truncate to deeply notched at tip, not over 1.5 cm. long, often folded, subalternate, minutely woolly (smooth in A. por- rectus) with fine white hairs which are attached by the larger base and then arch over and Avith tips variously appressed and wavy bu tnot abruptly appressed at attachment as is the case with most species with appressed hairs . Stems flexuous, slender, erect or nearly so, much tufted, more pub- escent than the leaves, 1-2 ft. high, with branches often widely spreadnig. Stipules and bracts small or mimite, rigid, greenish. Perennials of the Columbia Basin and along the eastern side of the Sierras only. Middle and Lower Temper- ate life zones, growing on grassy or sagebrush plains and blooming in summer. 140 Collini. KEY A. Pods 1.5-2 cm. long, 2-3 mm high, straight or little arched, later- ally flattened, on a stipe about half as long as pod, and which is fully as long as calyx. Peduncles strict, often a foot long.: Stems erect. Leaflets nearly linear, about 1.5 cm. long. Flowers about 8 mm. long, the banner very stubby and arched almost back on itself, round, 3-5 mm. long. Calyx about 6 mm. long, the teeth about a fourth as long and deltoid. Pods erect. 92 Tweedyi Pods not erect. 93 coUinus. 2A. Pods arched, 2-3 cm. long exclusive of stipe. 2AB. Rather coarse plants, mostly 2-3 ft. high, from thick and woody roots. Peduncles stout and as long as leaves. Flowers nearly 2 cm. long, rather coarse. Calyx tube about 8 mm. long and 4-5 mm. high, pendent. Leaflets large. Flowers large and stubby. Pods not spirally coiled. 94 Gibbsii. 2A2B. Slender plants with flexuous stems rarely a foot high and much branched, frorn slender roots. Peduncles slender and and shorter than the leaves. Flowers not over 1.5 cm. long, in short racemes, not coarse. Leaflets small, 5-10 mm. long, Pods very flat, almost completely laterally flattened and with sharp edoes, on filiform stipes, tightly coiled into 1-2 circles, the body about 2 cm. long, the walls mostly separating with age, and the outer wall contortedly reticulate and the main veins as- cending along the sutures and pods spirally coiled, with tip en- siform and very sharp. Flowers large, 1. 5 cm. long,not stubby. Pods spirally coiled. Stipe oniy equaling calyx. 95 speirocarpus. Flowers 7 mm. long. Stipe 3-5 times as long as the calyx. 96 Alvordensis. 92. Astragalus Tweedyi Canby Bot. Gaz. 15 1.50 (1890.) Phaca Piper. Pods erect, about 1.5 cm. long, rigid and reticulated, almost cartilaginous, opening first at tip, about 4 mm. high, cross section nearly round. Along the Columbia at the mouth of the Yakima river. Lower Temperate life zone. 93. Astragalus collinus Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 141 (1830). Phaca Hooker, A. cyrtoides Gray. Pods pendent, opening first at base, about 2 cm. long and 3 mm. high, faintly reticulated, mostly much flattened laternlly. coriaceous. Grassy and sandy hills and flats. Stems about 2 ft. high. Middle Temperate life zone nearly throughout the Columbia Basin (except the valley of the Snake) and common on the west. The type of A. cyrtoides from the Clearwater is clearly A. collimis. The same sheet has a specimen of A. Gibbsii var. on It, and the shape on this gave the name undoubtedly since there are only flowers on the Clearwater specimen which forms the type of A cyrtoides. Gray evidently thought the two specimens belonged to the same species, which was not correct. 94. Astragalus Gibbsii Kellogg Proc. Cal. Acad. 2 161 f. 50 (1863). A. siniPtMs TMn- r. Phr\ca Piper. Pods variously arched even into a circle, inclined to be acuminate at both ends, long-pointed, 4-5 mm. wide or hisrh often decidedly obcompressed in the middle. Rather cartilaginotis nnd corrngated and about round in the type, opening first at base, the tip mostly erect, on a stipe about half as long as body. Flowers many, in a dense spike-like raceme. Banner very short, and stubby, mostjy broader than long and greatly reflexed, the erect part 3 mm. hicb or less, about half as long as calyx tube, or nearly as long, which is about 8 mm. long and 5-6 mm. high. Wings broadly oblong, 3 mm. wide below and 2 mm. at the twisted and horizontal Collini. 141 tip, 2 mm. longer than keel. Keel purple-tipped. T^eaflets ojjloug • lO- vate, rarelj' oblong-ovate, with cuneate base, about 1.5 cm. 1 w.ig, notched. Whole plant even to calyx atu! pods finely and very shoi ! ly- woolly. Common around Reno Nevada and northward, rare in the Columbia Basin along the divide and running over to the 131 .c .Mts. aud as far as Weiser Idaho, also extending down the Kla lath river. Nearly everything referred to the species from the Coluinbi.3 D.siu is the variety. Astragalus Gibbsii var. curvicarpus (Sheldon Minn. Stud. 9 125 (1894) as A. speirocarpus var.) A. speirocarpus var. falciformis Gfiy. Pods nearly smooth, about 3 mm. high, much laterally flattened, often curved to a circle, triangular-acute. Flowers rarely over 10 in a short spike, the banner ovate and as long as calyx, wings elongated, 2 mm. wide, arched, flaring at tip, 3-6 mm. longer than keel. Stems slender and ascending. Whole plant nearly smooth. This extends from Austin Nevada to the Sierras and northward along the rim of the Columbia Basin to Baker City Oregon and Nampa Idaho. 95. Astragalus speirocarpus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 225 (1864.) A. Whitedi Piper. Pods triangular-acuminate at both ends, 4-6 mm. high, evidently spirally reticulated, puberulent, on a rather stout stipe about as long as calyx. Flowers about 1.5 cm. long, with exserted claws, rather many. Banner ovate and about 8 mm. long, with sides a little reflexed, rather gently arched to 45 degrees beyond ialyx, about 4 mm. longer than keel. Wings about straight, narrowly oblong, a little longer than keel. Keel about 3 mm. long and 2 mm. high, the tip abruptly erect and triangular, base straight, the claw very long. Calyx 5-8 mm. long, and 3 mm. high, about cylindric, but with the usual shape, reflexed; teeth rudimentary, variably nigrescent with very short lax hairs. Peduncles rarely 5 cm. long, the rachis about as long. Leaves 5-7 cm. long, with 4-8 pairs of oblong-obovate, notched leaflets nearly 1 cm. long. Plants ashy throughout. Sand dunes from Near Yakima and along the Columbia near WalluUa on dry prairies. 96. Astragalus Alvordensis Jones Cont. 10 67 (1902). Pods shortly-triangular at tip and rather long-acuminate at base, about 3 mm. hig;h, faintly reticulated, almost chartaceous, (somewhat, mottled, hardly 1 mm. wide, often a trifle and very narrowly sulcate dorsally, rather shining, on a filifrom stipe about 1 cm. long and 3-5 times as long as the calyx. Flowers about 7 mm. long, purple-veined, widely spreading, racemose, 3-8 (pods 1-3), on a rachis 3-7 cm. long and with peduncle rarely over 1 cm. long. Banner ovate, arched abruptly beyond calyx teeth to erect, about 2-3 mm. long, with sides much reflexed. Wings lanceolate, narrow, abruptly arched near the end of keel to 45 degrees, about 1 mm. longer than keel and 2 mm. shorter than banner. Keel with straight base, 3 mm. long, tip abruptly erect and obtuse, all petals purple-veined. Calyx turbinate-campanulate, about 2 mm. long, 5-nerved, deeper cleft above and with oblique mouth, narrowed and obliquely inserted at base. Teeth minute and deltoid. Pedicels hardly half as long as calyx tube. Peduncles filiform and axillary throughout Leaves about 2-4 cm. long, the petiole none or about as long as lowest leaflet. Leaflets 6-8 pairs, cuneate-obovate, notched 4-7 mm. long, rather hoary, less so above. Stems very slender and widely branched, 1-1.5 ft. long, ascending. Alvord valley eastern Oregon Cusick, June. This unique species seems like A. speirocarpus, a delicate form, but the flowers are very different and the stipe greatly elongated and the pod much thinner and the walls not old enough to determine if they split aways as in the other species. The habit is that of A. flexuosus. Middle Temperate life zone, probably growing in sand. 142 Podo-sclerocarpi PODO-SCLEROCARPI. 8. Pods fleshy when fresh, cartilagious or with thick woody Avails ■when dry (coriaceous in some forms of Toaniis), not jointed to calyx or stipe, neither suture evident when fresh but both conspicuous, thick and raised when dry, little if at all inflated, 1-4 cm. long, strongly cross nerved, never linear, rarely less than 1 cm. wide, never more than puberulent, not explanate, very strongly beaked, racemose. Flovv-ers 1-2 cm. long, large, mostly white, with elongated banner and wings. Bracts short and triangular, inconsj^icuous, shorter than the mostly short and the stout fruiting pedicels. Pods and flowers mostly- reflexed. Stems green and rush-like, and with the leaves, and petioles much alike. Stipules rigid and small, deltoid at base, reflexed above and green, hyaliue be- low. Leaflets distant, fleshy, mostly almost filiform and thick, never more than linear, often obscurely if at all jointed to the rachis. Plants of the valleys and alkaline springs or in alkaline soil, perennials KEY A. Pods wholly 1-ce!led, the dorsal suture a trifle intruded in A. pter^car- pus. AB. Pods sessile at least when fresh, stipe if any when dry very short and thick. ABC. Pods opening nearly equally at both sutures from the tip to the middle, rarely sulcate, about 1.5 cm. long, laterally if at all compressed, about straight. Stipules hyaline and connate toward the b.-5se of the stems, green and free above. Pectinati. ABCD. Pods oblong to lanceolate, smooth, distant, full of pulp, not inflated, racemose on long and terminal peduncles, with beak flat, elongated and prow-like. . Flowers purple, large and elongated, about 2 cm. long, with long winqs and ban- ner and purple-tipped keel, leaflets none to 5 pairs, fili- form except some of the lowest, jointed to the rachis and like it. Upper leaflets simple and rarely at all enlarged at tip.. Tall and slender and densely tufted plants. Pofls erect. 07 Toaniis. Pods reflexed. 9S Kafviensis. ABC2D. Pods not r'ecidedly laterally compresred, cv^l 'o oblong straight, scarcely at all oblique, cross section nearly round, abruptly contracted into a stout conical beak, both statures arched, the ventral a trifle the more, sometimes a little dor- sally, both sutures very thick, about 1.5 cm. long.. Flowers many in short and dense spikes, horizontal to a little re- flexed, mostly white, 1-1.5 cm. long, straight, with exserted claws, blades very long. Banner elliptical-oblanceolate, sides much reflexed, ascending in a gentle curve to nearly Podo-sclerocarpi. 143 erect or less. Wings oblong to narrowly oblong, obli ;.ie and rounded, scarcely arched, about 4 mm. longer than keel, very thin. Keel 7 mm. long, straight, the tip abruptly arched to erect and broadly deltoid and 3 mm. high. Calyx like that of Toanus but rather narrower, slightly oblique at tip, hyaline, sinuses rounded, teeth much shorter than tube. Pedicels stout, in fruit 2-5 mm. long, in flov\.er very s' -rt and about as long the subulate bracts. Peduncles arrjied, rarely as long as the leaves, stout. Leaves about 2.5 .- i. long, ascending, the middle ones the largest. Petioles al- most none, angled. Leaves very wide and short. Leaflets coarsely 1-nerved, about 3 pairs (rarely 10 pairs in pectina- tus), 2.5-5 cm. long, linear when flat, almost filiform when folded, rarely linear-oblanceolate, often alternate, arcuite, acute, mostly not jointed to the short rachis. Stipules green, reddish below, very long tipped. Stems sulcnte strongly, nearly 2 ft. high, not tangled, moderately stout, barely flexuous, with internodes shorter than the upper leaves. Plants ashy-pubescent. Stipules conspicuous. Pub- escence of broad and flat hairs attached by base and closely appressed. Roots stout thick and erect. From the Green river bad lands cf Wyoming to Kansas and northward in al- kaline soil. Upperi part of Lower and lower part of Middle Temperate life zones. To is erect. 99 Grayi. Pods reflexed. loo pectinatus. AE2C. Pods opening most along the ventral suture except at tip and mostly first at tip. Ventral suture either straight or con- cave, never arched as much as the dorsal. Sutures not raised in the green state, but evidently so in the dry. Pods in- clined to be obcompressed, angled or winged when dry, strict- ly 1-celled (the dorsal s'jture a trifle impressed in pterocar- pus) conspicuously falcate, not inflated, ascending as well as flowers. Stems rather zigzag and flexuous. Leaves narrow, short-petioled, with several pairs of mostly straight leaflets. Stipules small, not connate. AB2CD. Pods with rounded sides, not all angled or winged, purple or mottled, oblong-lanceolate and acuminate at tip and shortly so at base, about 1 cm. wide. Flowers purple, racemose, loose. Stems few in a place and inclined to be de- cumbent. Growing in well drained gravelly sagebrush slopes pr3ferably where there is a little alkali seep. Pods narrow, nearly round in cross-section. loi Case!. AB2C2D. Pods when dry laterally winged and with wings 2 mm, wide, sessile, erect (as well as the flowers except rarely in A. pterocarpus), acute but not acuminate at tip, obtuse but narrowed at base, very finely cross-veined, smooth, 3-4 cm. long, arcuate, with sutures narrow and not much thick- ened. Flowers short-spicate. Calyx triangular-aftute at base, the lower side straight, upper side a trifle arched, at- tached on lower corner, hyaline. Terminal leaflet not jointed to rachis, leaflets not early deciduous but attached by very delicate petiolules, linear, rarely the lowest ones narrowly oblong. Leaves not widely spreading. Densely tufted stems slender and nearly straight, erect, freely branched mostly, from woody root, succulent and very hard to dry. Growing in low places. Fods bio.id, much ohconipressed and 2-\vinged. 102 pterocarpus. Tods narrow, not (lattened, 4-winged. 103 tetrapterus. 144 rouo-scierocarpi. A2B. Pods conspicuously stipitate, with stipe longer than calyx and recurved, and the body very falcate upwards, acuminate at both ends but most at base, opening first at base and through the stipe, much laterally flatened at tip and base, conspicuously ob- compressed in the middle when mature and corrugated finely, not hairy, rounded on the sides but appearing almost as if winged at the thick and raised sutures when dry, and cartila- ginous, elongated-lunate, 2-5 cm. long including the stipe. Leaf- lets several pairs, narrow, all jointed to rachis by slender petio- lules, obtuse. Flowers 1-1.5 cm. long, the petals not elongated nor stubby, ascending. Calyx campanulate to short-cylindric, about 5 mm. long, hyaline and black-hairy, the teeth shorter than the tube. Pedicels short and stout, recurved in fruit. Bracts ovate to triangular, 1-2 mm. long, about as long as pedi- cels. Banner arched 45 to 80 denrees remote from calyx tip, the blade 9 mm. long and with sides reflexed. Wings nar- rowly oblong, arched 15 to 20 degrees, 2 mm. shorter than ban- ner. Keel wide, the tip rounded and very obtuse, straight, in- curved at tip to 80 to 100 degrees. Stioules snill, green, Stems tufted from a woody root, about 2 ft. high, ratho-- flexuous, with internodes less than half as long ns the leaves, somewhat ashy throughout. Plants of the upper edge of the Lower Tem- perate life zone, in dry places, blooming in early summer. Sclerocarpi. Pods narrow, acuminate at hr.tli t-ntls. 104 srlr-rocarpus. A. Pods either wholly or partly 2-celled by the intrusion of the dorsal and ventral sutures but partition never complete by the union of the sutures, with the tip 1-celled, mostly slightly in- flated, 1.5-4 cm. long, 5-7 mm. high, 7-10 mm. wide, inclined to be a little obcompressed except in A. pachypus. smooth, very fleshy and nearly round when fresh, with firmer inner wall, the pulp about 1 mm. thick, the cavity filled with pulpy fluid when green, coarsely wrinkled or cross-ringed and woody when dry, never reflexed, oblique, oblong, a little arched by the ventral suture being concave and raised, abruptly contracted into a stout conical-subulate beak 2-5 mm. long, with sutures prominent ex- ternally, opening along the ventral suture and first at tin. Flowers and pods ascending, the former rather narrow, loosely racemose, widely spreading, rather few on the upper third of peduncle, about 2 cm. long. Banner oblong-ovate, gently arched to 60 to 80 degrees at c:ilyx tips, with sides reflexed to midrib most below, with tip n'tohed. 'Vings oblong, oblique, 1 cm. long, obtuse, concave to keel, with tips touching beyond it, longer than keel and much shorter than banner. Keel Ll^de about 3 n: n. Petals thin and with exserted claws. Calyx tube narrowed be- low to the lower corner where it is attached by a slight angle to the pedicel, somewhat fleshy below, cleft deeper above, later- ally flattened; teeth triangular-subulate. Bracts about 2-3 mm. long, triangular-subulate to ovate. Pedicels in fruit stout and woody, about 3 mm. long. Peduncles stout and strict, 1.5 3 dm. long including the flcr | rrxhis twice rs I j ?s t'^e leaves. Mid- dle leaves the longest. Leaflets all jointed to petiole, thick and I'^.ithery and fle.sh-, .it least some of the^i'. linear. Proper peti- oles short l.ut r- cH T of leaf and tanering and 1-1.5 dm. lonq. Stems straggling ^ ward, not very stout, sulcate, branched below. 1-2 feet high, flexuous. Internodes much shorter than the leaves. Stipules rigid, green, reflexed, small. Pubescence minute, ashy. Alkali-loving plants of the Lower Temperate life zone. Pachypodes. 2AB. Pods splitting to the middle from the tip along both sutures, sessile when fresh (the drying of the flesh makes it seem a little stipitate.) lowers rurple-tipped, in rather long and very ruuo-scierocarpi. 145 loose racemes. Banner greatly elongated and much longer than the wings and short keel. Wings nearly straight, about 3 mm. longer than keel, 2 mm. wide. Keel about 5 mm. long, abruptly arched to 90 degrees at the very obtuse tip which is as high as the base is long. Calyx tube< oblong, about 7 mm. long, 3 mm. high and 1.5 mm. wide, the teeth about half to a third as long. Leaflets 1-3 pairs, all but the lowest sharp and linear, flat, often falcate, inclined to taper above, very distant. Leaflets linear. io6 Serenoi. Leaflets lanceolate or broader. 107 canonis. 2A2B. Pods with thick and jointless stipe which is fully as long as calyx, the pod narrowly oblong, short-pointed, arcuate, and with the stout and arched stipe forming a third of a circle, not completely 2-celled because the two sutures though touch- ing do not unite, much laterally flattened when dry and with the partition splitting double and the pod opening at tip at at both sutures for a short distance only and the dorsal open- ing to the base and into the stipe but not through it nor the partition. Flowers shortly racemose and rather few, nearly horizontal, white. Calyx tube rnmpanulate, abruptly con- tracted below, with the upper side arched and the lower straight, reflexed in fruit but the pod erect, with teeth as long as tube. Leaves about 1 dm. long, with slender rachis and somewhat tapering, and with many obtuse and mostly folded leaflets about 1-2-5 cm. long. Stems hoary, rather weakly ascending and little branched, shrubby below, 2-4 ft. long. Pods narrow, on a very thick stipe. 108 pachypus. 97. Astragalus Toanus Jonps Zoe 3 296 (1893). Pods acumin- ate, lanceolate to oblonglanceolate, appressed and erect, mostly de- cidedly laterally flattened, in short racemes at the tip of peduncle which is strict. The sutures evident but not very thick uniting in a pungent and triangular beak, body slightly cross-ribbed, with the ven- tral suture about straight, the dmsal arched. Texture coriaceous when dry but with the walls much thinner than in other Podo-sclero- cprpi. About 1.5-2c-uo-scierocarpl. Davis (Wheeler's) Peak, and probably north through the desert, Growing in strongly salty places in clay, along with Sarcobatas. Blooming in May, fruiting in June. 98. Astrac;alus Rafaelensis N. Sp. Pods oblong, nearly round, about 1.5 cm. long and .5 8 mm. wide, abruptly rounded at both ends, with very short and deltoid apiculate beak, the ventral suture con- spicuously arched and the dorsal nearly straight, reflexed on stout pedicels, which are 3-5 mm. long and which fully equal the ovate bracts, in long racemes on slender peduncles, splitting thro^igh both sutures to the base till the valves fall away. Flowers reflexed early, light-purple or white and tinged with pink, scattered. Banner nar- rowly ovate, about 2.5 cm. long, wtih sides inclined to be reflexed which makes it seem linear-oblong, barely notched, the reflexed area about 3 mm. wide at point 3 mm. back of keel but not at all at tip. "^Tiite spot deltoid, barely colored except for the light-purple veins, 3-5 mm. long. Groove a half circle at keel tip and 1 mm. deep and shallowing quickly, the banner a little hooded at tip, and erect at point 4 mm. beyond the calyx tips. Wings nearly straight, ob- long oblanceolate, base 2 mm. wide and 3 mm. wide above, pink at base and white beyond keel and 6 mm. longer, acutish but rounding toward tip. Keel straight, arched to 100 degrees in a sharp arc at the end, deep purple and barely acute. Calyx pink, about as long as wide, barely laterally flattened, straight, smooth, scarcely narrowed at tip and cleft but little deeper there, nerved. Teeth triangular, 2 mm • leg. Tube 4 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, hyaline, red. Pedicel insert'i'u about one third the way from the lower corner, about 2 mm. long. Stipules connate nearly to the tip below, nearly distinct above, re- flexed, nearly hyaline throughout. Leaves more filiform than usual channeled, of 1-2 pairs of delicate leaflets which are rarely over 1.5 cm. long. The plants grow in very dense tufts with very many stems in a b'mch from a woody root, about 2 feet hi2;h. str;'ight, in san(iv places on sandstone ridges, there being no particular evidence rf alk'H. though soil is alkaline near Cedar Mt. Utah which is near Woodside, 4 500 feet alt. in the Lower Temperate life zone. M:iv 19, ]l^t'). This is an interesting addition to this group and is evi- dently closely allied to A. Toanus. 99. Astragalus Gray! Parry Am. Nat. 8 212 (1874). Pods erect to ascending, narrowly-oblong, taper-pointed, not splitting the calyx, about 3 mm. wide, little more than coriaceous, half-exserted from calyx, about like those of A. Toanus, its thicker forms but not com- pv. sse'L tie dorsal suture nearly straight and tip the nrolongntion of it. ventral decidedly arched and pod appearing inverted, not fleshy noticeably. Flowers rather spicate, many, on subterminal peduncles longer than t-he leaves. Calyx teeth inclined to be subulate. Leaves about 8-10 c!u. long. Leaflets ?.-4 cm. long, not folded, apiculate, about 4-5 mm. wide, a little wider above, jointed to the rachis, 2-3 pairs. Tnternodes about 3 cm. long. Green River Desert W^yoming, sandy hills. 100. Astragalus pectinatus Douglas in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 141-2 t 54 (1830). Tragacantha Kuntze. Phaca Hook. Ctenoiihyllura Ryd- berg. Pods closely reflexed, oblong-oval to elliptical, rarely nearly globose, obtuse but very strongly apiculate-beaked, rarey triangular- acute and oblong, conspicuously fleshy and with sutures raised at least 1 mm. in the dry pods, splitti'^g the calyx .generally rugose, 1-1.5 cm. long, 9-12 mm. wide, about 4 mm. thick, normally 9 by 7 mm. long and wide, when fresh the i)ods are traversely oval in cross section and a little sulcate ventrally, the dorsal suture a little raised. Flowers nor- mally rich cream-colored, white below, about 1.3-2 cm. long. Banner arched from 45 to 90°, sides reflexed most above and making it seem taper-pointed, tip very thin and erose, base thick and fleshy. Calyx teeth inclined to deltoid. Bracts stiff, green or scarious, linear-lanceolate rouo-scierocarpl. 14? 4-6 mm. long, racemes short and on a very short peduncle, clustered "mcng the leaves in fruit. Leaflets 3-10 pairs, not jointed to rachis. From southwestern Kansas on the Plains, to the mountains and north- ward to the Saskatchewan, westward through northern Colorado to western Wyoming, growing in rather alkaline meadows. Its place is taken in the Navajo Basin by A. lonchocarpus. Not on the Pacific slope except in Wyoming. Astragalus pectinatus var. pla typhyllus Jones Cont. 10 87 (1902). This is a form with leaflets nearly 5 mm. wide after the style of A. Grayi but decurrent on the winged rachis toward the tip of the leaf, .3ome leaflets jointed to the rachis. Bitter Creek Wyoming, Nelson. 101. Astragalus Case! Cxray Bot. Cal. 1 154 (1876). Pods with ^ross section oblong to linear when dry, when fresh oval to reniform -r even almost that of the figure 8 l^id on its side, about 4-5 cm. long, 6-8 mm. wide, 2-5 mm. high, puberulent, bent into the shape of R by the tip being upcurved and the base declined, with sutures nar- rov/ externally and prominent, sessile, pendent to horizontal, wider l)elo-'*' the middle, splitting the calyx, often shallow-sulcate ventrally pnd usually so dorsally, rugose when dry, weakly attached to calyx. Flesh variable but never very thick. Flowers not over 2 cm. Ions:, nearly sessile, few, at the ends of long peduncles. Banner oblong- rvate. deeT^ly notched, 9 mm. long, abruptly arched to 60 degrees a I'ttle beyond the calyx tips, with sides reflexed most in the middle to about 90 degrees to blade and 4 mm, wide there but not at all at tip. '"ronve U-shaped. 1 mm. wide, 2 mm. deep, very narrow below and ' ■•'^adening into a wide arc at tip of banner. White spot fan-shaped, filling the groove only, cut bv wide and purple streaks, coming within 3 mm. of tin of banner. Wings '^blanceolate, rounded, entire, con- cave to keel, both flarine and about 2 mm. apart at tip, purple- streaked at base, white above, 2 mm. longer than keel, not over 2 mm. wide. Keel short, with tip white and purple below, quickly rounded to 90 degrees, obtuse, 3 mm. high, base straight. Calyx oblong to cylindrical, 3-8 mm. long. 2 mm. wide and high, with up- per side arched .lower side straight, attached on lower fleshy cor- ner. 5-ribbed by nerves running through from tips of calyx teeth, scarcely flattened laterally or but little. Teeth deltoid to subulate- triangular, 1-2 mm. long. Fruiting pedicels very stout, shorter than (he bracts, i^t flower 1 'iim. long. Bracts conspicuous, rigid, often 4 '"'m. long. Peduncles and rachis 1.5-2 dm. long, loosely flowered on the upper third. Leaflets 2-7 pairs, obtuse. Lower pairs of leaflets rf middle leaves about 2.5 cm. long, not over 4 mm. wide, uppermost -"ften verv mvr\\ reduced, mostly 5-9 mm. long, narrowly oblong to linear oblong rigid, distant, usually folded, pubescent on both sides obtuse, netiolulf'te. jointed to rachis. Rachis of leaf elongated, fili- form. 3-10 cm. lo'ig. Lower leaves short. Stems 1-2 ft high, widely branched and spreading, very zigzag, pubescence ashy with minute pnrressed and muricate hairs. Stipules rigid, green, deltoid, reflexed 3-5 mm. lonsr. Rather common in the sagebrush from Pyramid Lake to Death Valley along the eastern side of the Sierras in rather bare spots, eastward to Candelaria, Tonapah and also in the Panamint Mts. Lower Temnerate life zone. It has the appearance somewhat of A. I..aynea9 and is easily miftaken for it when t he pods have become sul- cate dorsally in the drying. It blooms in the early summer. 102. Astragalus pterocarpus Watson Bot. King. 71 t 12 (1871). Pods completely obcompressed. winged on the sides only, ovate to el- liptical, rather wider below the middle, S-shaped, equally acute at •^ach end, not acuminate, 1 cm. wide. 4 cm. long and 2-3 mm. thick, in the dry pods the cross nerves raised and branched along the mar- srin, tip acute and laterally compressed, cross section linear, very weakly attached to and splitting the calyx, opening at base and apex equally at both sutures and along the ventral suture later, when 148 rouo-scierocarpi. fresh grass-green to brownish and becoming reddish, very fleshy with walls about 2 mm. thiclv, not at all woody and with thin Inner skin-like wall, the whole becomes when dry spongily carti- laginous, the dorsal suture is a trifle thickened when fresh, pod then smooth and not at all wrinkled or nerved, thick-winged and wing obtuse, when dry wing is sharp and thin. Flowers pink-purple, about 1 cm. long, 7-9, congested. Banner oval-ovate, retuse, abruptly arched to 45 degrees at end of calyx tube, sides reflexed fully 3 mm. wide from middle up but not turned far back, groove V-shaped, fully 2 mm. deep below, about 1 mm. wide and widening to 3 mm. above, white spot oblong-fan-shaped and purple lined and lacerate above, filling the groove, the rest of banner purple. Wings nar- rowly oblong, straight, rounded at tip, flaring about equally 2 mm. below tip and then turned nearly horizontal as in A. amphioxys, 1 mm. longer than keel, about 2 mm. wide and much narrower than keel, purple, very blunt. Keel short, straight, at tip sharply arched to 90 degrees, very obtuse, purple, 3 mm. high, ,5 mm. long. Bracts trian- gular, green, rigid, conspicuous, shorter than the pedicels. Pedicels stout in fruit, 3-5 mm. long. Peduncles about 1 dm. long, sulcate, rather stout and strict. Fruiting rachis ab^ut 5 cm. long. Leaves not over 8 cm. long, almost sessile. Petioles about 1 cm. long, the rachis filiform and persistent and rigid. Leaflets not jointed to rachis. 2-4 pairs, linear, channeled sharply acute, 2.5-4 cm. long, hardly 1 mm. wide, sometimes arched a little, distant, strongly 1-nerved, puberulent on both sides, about as wide as rachis, the terminal one represented by it and and not enlarged. Stipules green, closely reflexed, trian- gular, spreading to reflexed. Stems weak and outer ones ascending only, sulcate, proper stems rarely over 2 dm. long, ashy. This grows along the flats of the Humboldt Nevada, along with salt grass, Spo- robolus and the like. Lower Temperate life zone. This has the habit and general appearance of A. pectinatus, and grows in similar meadows 103. Astragalus tetrapterus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 13 369 nSTSV Pods 4-angled, not conspicuously obcompressed, when dry shining and smooth, with fine cross veins sometimes branched in the middle. 4- winged by having both sutures raised as wings as well as the sir'es produced in short wings, with cross section diamond shaped, often oblntely so, pod naTowly oblong, inclined to be broader above, the base and tip triangular acute, in the green pods they are only 4-angled, P'M-nle-snotted. with solid walls fleshy but not woody and 2 mm. thick, internal cavity then inclined to be linear showing that the pod is really obcompressed, pod about 4 cm. long, 1 cm. wide and 5 mm. high, falcate like a ramshorn, not splitting the calyx, the valves when rii)e curling out at tip. not more thnn coriaceous when rii)e. Flowers subcapit-.te. 5-9, white or purple, 1.5-2 cm. long, narrow erect, banner oblong (linear as you look at it), 4 mm. wide, 1-1.5 cm. long, arched in gentle arc to 45 to 60 degrees, notched, with pink veins near the keel tip, 5-8 mm. longer than keel, sides most reflexed (to 90 degrees) opposite keel, narrowly fiddle shaped, reflexed part 1 mm. wide, groove narrowly V-shaped and ? mm. deep below keel and shallowing almost into. a nerve at tip. Wings close pressed to keel to within 2 mm. rf 'ts tij) and then spreading to 2 mm. apart a,t the ends, concave to keel and parallel to it, 2 mm. wide, with involute edges, about half as wide as keel, linear, obtuse, nearly straight, white or purple, 2 mm. longer than keel. Keel a little downwardly arched and then bent in a half circle to the obtuse tip, pink or purple- tip- ped, 6 mm. longer than calyx tips. Calyx slightly angled, greenish- white, about 7 mm. long and 2 mm. high, laterally compressed, erect, narrowly oblong, nearly straight, gibbous, the nerves less evident and farther apart than in pterocarpus. Teeth subulate, 2 mm. long Pedicels slender when dry, 4 mm. long, strict, inclined to be 2-bracted near calyx. Bracts very small, barely 2 mm. long, triangular. Peduu- f-uuo-scierocappl. 149 cles not longer than the leaves, slender, 3-8 cm. long, strict. Leaves 6-8 cm. long, rather close-pressed to stems, the lower the smallest, often very small. Leaflets 7-10 pairs, the upper ones sharply acute, narrowly elliptical to linear, thick, the largest 1-2" cm. long, the smallest often minute and very broad and obtuse, 1-3 mm. wide, in- clined to be smooth above, and ashy-white below, the hairs short wide, close-pressed. Stipules subulate, almost free, reddish. Internodes short and stems therefore leafy, 1-2 ft. long, rather rigid, somewhat suloate, simple or branched, almost smoo'th. Plants g'rowing in sany soil inclined to alkali among junipers and bloom in April and May. Lower Temperate life zone. Cobre Nevada with purple flow- ers. Fort Hamilton near Kanarra Utah and south to the Grand Canon and Kanab. Astragalus tetrapterus var. Capricornus N. Var. Flowers purple, about two thirds as long as in the type and petals less elongated, in loose heads. Leaves nearly smooth or equally ashy, inclined to be narrower and shorter, upper leaflets inclined to be narrow and pun- gently acute. Pods arched mostly into a circle and wings more de- veloped, mostly mottled. Growing in loose soil among the sage- brush at Cobre Nevada, in dense tufts about a foot high from a woody root. 104, Astragalus sclerocarpus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 225 (1864). Phaca podocarpa Hooker. Pods hoary when young, nearly glabrous when ripe, not mottled, from lunate and about 1 cm. long and tri- angular acute, to falcate to one third circle, long-pointed and 2.5 cm. loTig. conspicuously flattened when young throughout laterally, nearly 1 cm. high from tip of suture to suture, in age the body becomes much cbcompressed in the middle only and its cross section is oblately ovQl when dry, it is circular when fresh and without a trace cf wings and is green. The stipe is twice the calyx to 2.5 cm. long and falcate, stout. The beak is short and stout or acuminate, upcurved. Pods about the shape of A. pachypus but with slender stipe. The flowers are white or tinged with purple and delicate (not thick as in Gibbsii), base of petals the more colored. Banner abruptly erect from a point about 3 mm. beyond cnlyx tube, oval-ovate, the erect part about 7 mm. long, as you look at it the banner is deltoid or short-oblong by the sides being reflexed to the midrib throughout for a space 2 mm. 'vide or more. Sulcus U-shaped below and shallowing upwards to a mere groove W:ngs narrowly oblong, concave to keel, close pressed to it and flaring beyond, arched about 15 degrees gently, narrower than keel, rounded. 5 mm. longer than keel and little shorter than ban- ner. 2 mm. wide. Keel with straight base, the tip shortly arched to 100 degrees, very obtuse, purple. Calyx tube about 5 mm. long, with straight base and upper side arched, cleft deeper above, somewhat narrowed and fleshy below and obliquely attached but stipe in line with base, triangular teeth about 1 mm. long. Peduncles subterminal, 1-1.5 dm. long, stout, racemosely flowered above the middle and elon- gating in age. Bracts minute. Leaflets 6-9 pairs, broadly linear when flat but mostly folded, 1-1.5 cm. long, weakly attached and soon falling. Petioles about as long as the internodes and shorter than the le;if-rachis, persistent and rather rigid. Stipules ovate-acuminate, very small. Rtems rather weak and subdecumbent, freely branched throughout, about 6 dm. long, the upper stems very weak and often aborting, plants soon wilting and not fleshy thickened as in most of the group, inclined to be hoary with minute pubescence, the older leaves less so. in the Columbia Basin only, mostly along the Columbia from Umatilla to the Dalles and north to Ellensburg, near the Mal- heur river Cusick. It grows on sand dunes. 105. Astragalus bicristatus Gray P. A. A. 17 75 (1883). Pod3 with apex much arched, hamate-incurved, triangular-acute, narrowly oblong, larger above the middle, body about 1-2.5 cm. long; not sulcate. 150 ' Preussii. Bides rounded and coarsely net-veined, smooth, mottled; base tapering Into a stipe a little longer than the calyx; cross section inclined to be quadrangular to linear when dry, when fresh probably oblate-oval. Ovary glabrous. Flowers 1-1.5 cm. long, white or purple-tinged, blades of i)etals longer than calyx. Banner oblong-ovate, acutish, gently urched beyond calyx tips to 45 degrees. Wings a trifle longer than keel, narrow, nearly straight, little shorter than banner. Keel blade short, with the abruptly arched erect tip acutish, 5 mm. long, 3 mm. high; claw exserted. Calyx 5 mm. long, campanulate in the type, tube 3 mm. long, cleft deeper above, puberulent; teeth subulate, from a broad base, about one half the tube. Bracts ovate, small. Fruiting pedicels 2 mm. long. Peduncles including rachis often 1 ft. long, stout, floriferous on the upper third. Spikes either short and dense, or elon- gated and lax at last. Petiole very short. Leaves including rachis 1-1.5 cm. long. Leafltes 7-12 pairs, sometimes acute, 1.5-2 cm. long. nearly linear, flat. Lower stipules not connate. Plants somewhat -ashy, rather stout. In gravelly places on the desert side of the San .■;eni:;rdino Mts. California. Astragalus bicristatus Var. tetrapteroides Jones Cont. 10 59 (1902). Pods a little winged at the sutures; stipe twice the calyx. Flowers in dense heads which scarcely elongate with age. large. Calyx teeth barely one third the tube. Peduncles only a little longer than the leaves. Bear Valley in the same range, hardly a good variety as the pods vary much. 106. Astragalus Serenoi (Kuntze) Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 130 (1894). Tragacantha Serenoi Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 941 (1801). A. nu dus Watson, A. Shockleyi Jones, A. oblatus Sheldon, A. cam- pyloph.^l)u.s C-rtene. Pods erect or ascendi-r'. otliquely oblong-oval, obliquely beaked and inserted, about 2 cm. long, 5-7 mm. high, 1 om. wide, about half-plum-shaped, with dorsal suture variously intruded and the ventral a little so, with cross-section nearly round. Flowei.; 6-8. distant. Banner blade about 1.5 cm. long. Pedicels shorter than the bracts, stout, 4 mm. long in fruit. Proper peduncles as long as the leaves. Leaflets 1.5-2.5 cm. long, 1-2 pairs, linear, rather deciduous, with rachis nearly as thick as the stems, stiff and ascending. Sti- pules ovate-acuminate, deltoid, green-tipped, 1 mm. long, internodes 5-10 cm. long. This grows in the alkaline valleys of western Nevada from Carson Sink to near Candelaria in large tufts. 107. Astragalus canonis Jones Conl S 15 (18i;8). This is prob- ably only a form of A. Serenoi. Pods obliquely cylindrical, about 2 cm. long, a little obcompressed and arcuate, only a trifle inflated, pseu- do-stipitate when dry, with cross section oblate to oval and even refuse ventrally when dry, with dorsal suture intruded about half way, but the sutures do not touch. Fresh pod roimd in cross-section, smooth, with flesh about 1 mm', thick and transparent and with inner wall more fibrous buts cuts easily, when dry the pod is woody and not stipitate, strongly and sharply conical beaked, with each partial cell almost cylindrical. Flowers 2-2.5 cm. long, white to light-jiurple. Banner oblong-ovate, 1.5 cm. long, pink-purple, deeply notched, gently arched to 80 degrees at calyx tipes, with sides reflexed to the groove the reflexed part 2 mm. wide below and the edges nearly touching behind. White spot in banner narrowly oblong, 1 cm. long, filling all the groove, interruptedly purple-veined and going almost to the tip where it shades into purple. Groove in banner (sulcus) U- Fhaped below but soon disappears 6 mm. below the tip of banner. Petals thin. Wing.s 6 mm. long, oblong, oblique, notched on the lower side near the tip, fully 2 mm. wide and the obtuse tip a little wider, scarcely arched, purple above, concave to keel and the tips overlapping , beyond the keel, not flaring, 3 mm. longer than keel. Keel 3 mi.-i. long and high, abruptly rounded to 90 degrees, with obtusely trifingular ruuo-scierocarpl. 151 tip and 3 mm. shorter than the banner. Calyx from campa/mlate and 4 mm. long and wide to 9 mm. long and cylindrical, the teeth subu- late and as long as tube to only a third as long. Peduncles subter- minal. Middle leaves 1-1.3 dm. long and with 2-3 pairs of narrowly elliptical to linear-lanceolate leaflets which are 2-3 cm. long, and 2-7 mm. wide. Lowest leaves 2.5-5 cm. long, with 3 pairs of oval leaflets about 1 cm. long. Ujjpermost leaves with nearly linear leaflets and all with a white niucro, the uppermost very sharp, all petiolulate. Petioles, peduncles and stems sulcate, barely tapering. Lower stipules hyaline, very wide, 2-5 mm. high, distinct, the upper one striangular, reflexed, 2 mm. long. Internodes about 5-10 cm. long. Stems weakly erect, about 2 ft. high, tufted. Growing where alkali seeps out on slopes in Big Indian Canon west of Hawthorne Nevada. 108. Astragalus pachypus Greene Bull. Cal. Acad. 1 3 157 (18S5). Pods 2.5-4 cm. long, 7 mm. high, 2 mm. wide, smooth, much wrinkled when dry, but round and even when fresh, narrowly oblong, with sutures very thick and raised (faint at the short, triangular and sharp tip) and uniting at the base into a solid obconic and thick stipe about 1 cm. long, the tip of pod erect.[ Seeds short-stalked, flat round 2 mm. wide. Banner about 1.5 cm. long. Wings about 3 mm. wide, arched to 45 degrees and a trifle longer than keel. Keel about 5 mm. long and 4 mm. wide and with the erect and triangular and acaiJsh t'p 7 mm. high and purplish. Calyx tube reflexed to horizon- tal, about 3-5 mm. long, hyaline, nigrescent. Bracts small, broadly ovate, hyaline, 2 mm. long. Pedicels ascending, about 5 mm. long, stout, longer than the bracts. Peduncles stout, scarcely sulcate, 1.5-3 dm. long, longer than the leaves, few-flowered on the upper fourth of their length. Leaves slender. Proper petioles 1-5 cm. long and with the rachis deeply sulcate along the upper side. Leaflets 8-11 pairs, linear, folded, ashy. Stipules connate below, triangular, small. Stems rather stout, rigid, flexuous, with the upper part and young leaves minutely white-pubescent. This grows in loose and rather alkaline soil on slopes at Bealville California, also at Mt. Pinos Venture Co. and by Parish at Cajon Pass. 153 Preussii. PREUSSII. 9. Pods thin-coriaceous to cartilaginous, fleshy except in some Preussii forms, iutlated, 2-5 ciu. long, 1-2 cm. high or or wide, apiculate or shortly beaked, elliptical to round or oblate in cross section, both sutures inclined to be produced within but never 2-celled, in Preussii dorsal suture a mere line ■within, pod mostly stipitate, never deeply sulcate, erect or ascending, rarely reflexed in sabulosus, on very stout pedicels, smooth or very minutely and sparsely puberulent when young, obscurely cross-lined, or faintly reticulated, opening nearly to the middle from the tip along both sutures. Flowers large, 2-3 cm. long, widely spreading to reflexed. Petals rather long and long-clawed. Banner arched 45 to 90 degrees near the tip of keel or beyond calj^x teeth, oblong-ovate, about 1-1.5 cm. long, with sides much reflexed. Wings narrow, 2-4 mm. longer than keel, obtuse, somewhat arched. Keel base straight, tip mostly gently arched to erect or a little more, rounded, near- ly always purple, 3-4 mm. high. Calyx laterally flattened, 5-10 mm. long, about 3 mm. high, cylindrical or not cara- panulate, teeth mostly short and broad. Bracts hyaline, tri- angular, not longer than the pedicel which is 2-4 mm. long. Peduncles rigid, stout, erect, tapering, coarsely grooved, mostly as long as leaves. Upper leaves 1-2 dm. long except in asclepiadoides, short-petioled, with rigid and tapering ra- chis, spreading. Leaflets thick and leathery, flat, smooth or never more than puberulent, large, distant, gradually smaller above on rachis. Stipules small for the plant, deltoid, green, reflexed, about 4 mm. (rarel}^ 8 mm.) long. Stems except in forms of Preussii thick and stout, 1-3 ft. high. Mostly coarse and tufted perennials little branched, growing in salty or alkaline or very poor clay soil on flats or the equivalent. Pubescence of minute, wide, flat hairs closel}^ appressed and narrowed below and tapering above and attached at or very near the end, mostly absent altogether. This group shows the same remarkable variation in the pods as in A. gracil- entus, and like it is inclined to have the ventral suture pro- dwed a little within, but it lacks the soft and flabby leaves and minutely woolly pubesceTice and peculiar roughness of leaf surface, and the whole plant has a peculiar leathery suceulencf;, and rigidity, and never grows in sweet soil. Pla:;ts blooming in summer. Lower Temperate life zone, rarely in the edge of the Tropical. Preussii. 163 KEY A. Pods conspicuously inflated, not fleshy, coriaceous, nearly erects abruptly stipitate, opening nearly to the base along both sutures, but a little more freely along the ventral. Flowers ascending. Peduncles axillary. Plants smooth throughout except the calyx. AB. Leaflets several pairs. Flowers purple. Dorsal suture of pod not noticeably produced within. Preussii Proper. Pods with stipe not longer than calyx. log Preussii. Pods with stipe 2 cm. long. IIO ampullarius. Pods sessile. Ill limatus A2B. Leaves represented by a single sessile leaflet which is jointed to the stem, and cordate-oval-ovate, 2-6 cm. wide and 3-7 cm. long. Pods conical-ovate, long-stipitate, capitate on peduncles shorter than the leaflet. Leaflet one, large. II2 asclepiadoides. 2A. Pods somewhat but not conspicuously inflated, cartilaginous, filled with pulp when green, straight or only a little oblique, the ventral suture about straight, both sutures thiclove 3 mm. longer thru keel, about 2 mm. wide, close- pressed to keel about to tip then spreading and tips incurved and horizontal, blunt, nearly straight. Keel about 7 mm. long, the base a little convex and tip erect, triangular and about 3 mm. high. Calyx tube about 8 mm. long, 3 mm. wide and tapering below and arched near the base, nearly equally inserted at the triangular-acute fleshy base, cleft much deeper above, black-speckled, teeth triangular and about 2 mm. long. Leaflet leath6ry. glaucous, strongly pinnate-veined, barely acute, appearing as if clasinng but on a petiole about 2 mm. long which is flanked by the hyaline, deltoid to circular 5-7 mm. long stipules like wings. Stems stout, nearly erect, little branched, few from the tip of the rather fleshy and erect root. Internodes shorter than the le-^flets which are overlapping and appressed. Common in the poorest adobe soil from the Uinta Mts. to the Henry Mts. and throup-hout the Nava.io Basin from Price to Grand .Junction. Also on the clay bad lands at Gunnison Utah in Sevier Valley. This does not r-'- w wh-^"" -alkali stands but often there is alkali all round it in a white efflorescence, but it never grows in any but compact soil, and it grows where not even Sarcobatus will exist. 113. Astragalus Patterson! Gray in Brandegee's Rep. S. W. Colo. ?85 (1876). Ph^'copsis Rydbere. A. diphysus var. albiflorus Gray, A. recedens Greene. This is also a very variable species, the pods in the type are ;'bout 2 cm. long 8 mm. wide and 5 mm. high, straight, oblong, a littl» oblique, the ventral suture about straight and the flat- tish s-'bulate beak 4-0 mm. long and nearly in line with it. pods round- el at bnso, f lintly cross-ribbed and low reticulated, with a tendency to be contracted in the middle, on very stout pedicels 2-3 mm. iong. erect, inclined to be a little sulcate at both sutures, but the sutures T Ked and thick externally. Leaves drying yellowish. Banner ob- long-ovate, about 1 cm. long, arched in gentle arc to erect beyond calyx, Fides much refleved and so seemingly very narrow. Wings about 1 mm. wide, 2-3 mm. longer than keel and about straight. Keel about 4 mm. long and high, with abruptly erect tip triangular, with exsert- l66 Preussii. ed claw. Calyx tube about 5 mm. long and 4 mm. high, or a little longer and naiTower, quite oblique at tip and base, the upper side arched and the lov/er straight, almost white, very thin, the 3uba- late teeth from a broad base about half as long as tube. Bracts triangular, hyaline, shorter than the rather slender pedicels which are 2-4 mm. long. Spikes 1-3 dm. long. Peduncles often a foot long, in the middle axils, strict. Leaves about 2 dm. long, nearly sessile, ascending, with 10-12 pairs of linear-lanceolate leaflets about 2 cm. long, and placed on the upper side of the rachis. Stipules large, green, reflexed, about 1 cm. long, acuminate. This is the type bat the leaflete vary to broadly elliptical and refuse and 1 cm. long. Stems from 1-3 ft. long, either strict or decumbent and branched below. From the Sevier valley Utah at Salina to Verde Arizona, throughout the Navajo Basin and over in the Rio Grande valloy of New Mexico as far as Mesilla Park, extending a little into the Troni'"], in poor clay soil. Forms of this occur v/ith a pseudostipe 2 mm. long caused by the drying of the pulp. Astragalus Patterson! var. praelongus (Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 23 (1894) as species) Jones Cont. 10 65 (1902). A. procerus Gray, A. Rothrockii Sheldon. This is a form with oval pods plum-like and about 1.5 cm. long. Flowers stubby, with broad banner and wings sel- dom much longer than keel, with calyx teeth deltolj and 4 times shorter than the tube, with peduncles much shorter than the leaves and sub- terminal, and with oval to oval-ovate leaflets 1-2 cm. long and very glaucous. The extreme form seems very distinct but it intergrades In every particular. In the Virgin valley around alkaline seeps and westward to the Charleston Mts. Tropical. Forms intergrading variously are found all the way from the Staked Plains of Texas through the Rio Grande valley and the Little Colorado and the Navajo Basin, but true procerus seems to be found only in the restrict- ed area. A form referred to A. Rothrockii from Wooton is an in- tergrade. 114. Astragalus sabulosus Jones Cont. 2 239 (1891). Pods 3-5 cm. long and about 1.5 cm wide and high, oblong, straight, barely oblique, the stout triangular flattish beak straight, about 2-3 mm. long and a little above the middle of the end, the base shortly triangular pod finely cross-lined and a little reticulated, reflexed and mostly pendent, ashy with minute hairs fixed by the base; surface uniform but little sulcata or grooved ventrally, dorsal suture not evidently or slightly intruded, nearly roiaur in cross spction. a little inflated and walls thinner than in Patterson!. Flower 4-8 on a rachis hardly 2 cm. long, almost capitate, about 2.5 cm. long. Banner elliptical, about 1.5cm,long, arched abruptly at end of teeth to 45°, with sides much reflexed, nearly 1 cm. longer than ]<■■ el. Wings about 2 mm. longer than keel and ranch narrower. Kerl rip-irly ] cm . long, straight, at tip abruptly erect or nearly so and 4-5 mm. high, the tip triangular but very obtuse and rounded, dark. Calyx tube 1 cm. long, fi mm. high, oblique at both ends, by being cleft deeper above and by the truncate base a little saccate abo-i-e, inserted a trifle below the middle on a very stout hairy pedicel 2-3 mm. long, brownish-nigrescent with close pressed hairs. Calyx teeth deltoid about 2 mm. long. Hyaline bracts ovate and about 3 mm. long. Stipules deltoid to triangular, coarse, thick and spreading, about 5 mm. long. Prdnucles very stout, about 2 mm. thick, and 5 cm. long, shorter than the leaves, in the middle axils. Leaves in flowering time rarely 1 dm. long, later ones often a foot long, conspicuously petioled, the ppticle much longer than rachis Xvhen leaflets are few, when with several pnlrs of leaflets it Is often shorter than rachis. Leaflets on the nnner «ide of the rachis, rarely single but mostly 1-3 pairs In the young leaves or 5-6 pairs in the late ones, about ovate-diamond-shaped or obovate or even lanceolate. Preussii, 157 always apiculate and mostly acute, those of the lowest leaves often elliptical and 1 cm. long, the upper and latest leaves having leaflets 5 cm. long and 3 cm. wide, minutely ashy with the same peculiar ap- pressed pubescence. Stems rarely a foot long, ascending, very stout and with short internodes and many leaves, flexuous or zigzag, woody and from a thick woody root. On barren clay slopes on the Grand River near Cisco Utah and the La Sal Mts. Lower Temperate life zone. The flowers are the coarsest in the genus in America and the largest but not the longest. The outer stems often nearly flat on the ground. 158 Reventi-Arrecti. REVENTI-ARRECTI. 10. Pods with dorsal suture variously intruded but rarely touching the ventral, with texture cartilaginous and decidedly fleshy to simply chartaceous, somewhat inflated, about straight (arcuate in the A. vallaris section), rarely a little arcuate, with declined tip (except in A. accidens), stipitate, rarely nearly sessile, firmly attached to stipe and calyx and not separating from them, narrowly ovate to linear, or oval erect though the calyx is rarely reflexed, (a little reflexed in A. vallaris and accidens) mostly acute at both ends, nearly smooth when mature, 1-6 cm. long, cross-ribbed or corrugated, sulcate dorsally, opening first at tip along both sutures, with cross-section deltoid to triangular-cordate or nearly round, with ventral suture raised, thick or very thick, prominent, convex toward the tip of pod and mostly so at base, pod never sulcate ventrally except in A. vallaris and Bolanderi, 1-celled at tip and flat-beaked, racemose, (spicate in A. Bolanderi). Flowers rather many, ascending, mostly white or purple- tipped, about 8-20 mm. long. Calyx short-cylindric or rarely campanulate, with teeth rarely half as long as tube, nigrescent, tube hyaline, inserted on the lower corner and with the upper corner rounded to it and convex and tlie lower side straight, the mouth oblique and cleft deeper above. Pedicels rather stout, as long or twice as long as the small and rather decid- uous bracts. Peduncles sulcate, less pubescent than the leaves, strict, mostly long. Leaves long and narrow. Leaf- lets many, rather long-petiolulate, 1-2 cm. long, the lower not opposite, gradually smaller toward the tip of the tapering rachis. Stipules mostly rather large, hyaline, not connate below (for the most part), often imbricated. Proper stems with few nodes except in the A. vallaris group, inclined to be short and erect, terminated by the mostly long peduncles (but peduncles axillary in the accidens and vallaris groups), nearly smooth, many in tufts from the rather woody root. Pu- bescence of flat and mostly wide hairs fixed by the base and at right angles to the junction and so closely appressed, rarely tangled and somewhat woolly, mostly sparse. KEY A. Pods sessile, or on a very thick pseudostipe made by the shrink- ing of the flesh when dry. appressed and erect, barely inflated, nearly 2 cm. long, 4-7 mm. wide, 4-5 mm. high, rather fleshy, car- tilarjinous and wrinkled, splitting the calyx, shallow-sulcate or al- most flat on the back (dorsal side), almost wholly 1-celled, the dorsal suture a mere ridge within or slightly raised, somewhat Reventi-Arrecti. 159 raised externally also, with tip not conspicuously declined. Flowers rather spicate, 1.5-2 cm. long, white or nearly so. Calyx cylindrical, 5-8 mm. long, nigrescent. Banner oblong ovate 7-15 mm. long, arched rather abruptly beyond calyx tins to 45 to 90 degrees, much longer than keel, sides reflexed 2 mm. wide below. Wings about straight, 2 mm. wide, longer than keel. Fruiting peduncles nearly as thick as stems, coarsely sulcate. Leaves narrow, with petiole shorter than rachis. Leaflets el- liptical to linear, not over 2.5 cm. long, separated about half their length. Stems coarsely sulcate, bent at the nodes which are few and mostly congested near the root except in A. adanus. densely tufted and sparsely pubescent except when young, the whole 1-2 ft. high. Stipules hyaline, inclined to be connate below, broad and rather short. Reventi. Proper stems almost none. 1 15 reventus. Stems 1-2 ft. high. >l6 adanus. ^. Pods stipitate. coriaceous to papery, evidently inflated, finely cress-ribbed. Plants with conspicuous stems except in forms of A. arrectus. Flowers racemose, rather ascending. Leaflets 5-10 pairs. • 2AB. Pods coriaceous to papery, nearly linear to oblong, 2-3 cm. long, including stipe, with triangular-cordate cross section, ab- ruptly (Contracted at tip into the flat beak which is nearly in line with the dorsal suture, nearly straight and erect, the calyx often recurved. Flowers 1-1.5 cm. long. Arrecti. Stems slender, with several nodes. 117 arrectus. 2A2B. Pods smooth, cartilaginous to coriaceous, 2-7 cm. long, al- most 2-celled, conspicuously sulcate at both sutures, much ob- compressed and arcuate, long-stipitate on a recurved pedicel and with tips erect, and long-acuminate-triangular, on axillary peduncles about 1 dm. long, shorter thatn^ the leaves, few, rather capitate in flower. Leaves about 1 dm. long, almost sessile, with about 10 pairs of broadly to narrowly elliptical leaflets 1-2 cm. long and rounded to retuse and nearly contiguous. Stems weakly ascending, 1-2 ft. long, with rather many nodes and slender internodes, tufted from rather woody roots. Flowers probably white, about 2 cm. long. Calyx cylindrical. 5-7 mm. long, the teeth shorter than the tube, on short and stout pedicels. Stems decumbent, slender, 1-2 ft. high, from the woody crown. Vallares. Flowers 2 cm. long. Pods 2 cm, long or more. Stems coarse and low, with few nodes. Pods 2 cm. long. llS Cimne. Stems slender, with many nodes. Pods 4-5 cm. long, iig vallaris. Flowers and pods I cm. long. I20 Bolanderi. 2A3B. Pods wholly 2-celled by sutures being united and forming a double partition which splits through when old forming two se- parate cells, but a plum like fleshy fruit when ripe, which is generally sulcate at one or both sutures, on slender stipes at least as long as the calyx, oblique but little if at all arcuate, ab- ruptly rounded at tip, with very short and stout not flat up- curved beak inserted above the middle of the end, laterally com- pressed when dry, reflexed or indifferently spreading, ventral suture rather prominent, stipes about 7 mm. long. Flowers white, about 1.5 cm. long, rather narrow, widely spreading or re- flexed when old. Banner ascending in gentle arc to 45 degrees beyond calyx tips, oblong-oval. Wings straight, about 3 mm. longer than keel, 2 mm. wide. Keei straight, with tip abruptly bent to erect, about 3 mm. long and high, often dark-tipped or not. Calyx nearly equaled by the teeth which are subulate. Tube campanulate to cylindric. Bracts about 2 mm. long, subu- 160 Reventi-Arrectl. late, hyaline, as long as the pedicels. Peduncles barely as long as leaves, sulcate and slender. Leaves many and narrow, about 1 dm. long. Leaflets nearly contiguous, flat, thin, 6-15 pairs, cuneate at base, long-petiolulate, broadly to narrowly elliptical, 1-2 cm. long, rounded, sparsely and softly hairy. Stems very slender, sulcate, with rather long internodes, weakly ascending, 2-3 ft. long, smooth. Pubescence fine, lax and soft, kinky, at- tached by the enlarged base. Plants of moist and sweet forests of the Siskiyou region of northern California and adjacent Ore- gon. Middle Temperate life zone. Pruniformes. Pods plum-shaped, on a slender stipe. I2i accidens. 115. Astragalus reventus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 15 46 (1879) A. reventus var. Canbyi Jones. Phaca reventa (Gray) Piper. Pods l.,j-:i cm. long, oblong-ovate to lanceolate, about 5 cm. wide and 4 mm. high, fleshy and with woody inner walls, the sutures very prominent and raised, barely sulcate and with nearly round cross section and dors al suture a mere ridge within, shortly acuminate into flattish beak 2-4 mm. long. Flowers soon reflexed, white. Banner deeply notched, about 1.5 cm. long. Wings lanceolate, about 4 mm. longer than keel and ns much shorter than banner or less, rounded. Keel straight, tip ab- ruptly erect, triangular and acutish, 3 mm. high. Calyx tube convex on the upper side, teeth usually filiform, from half to nearly as long as tube. Pedicels shorter than bracts, stout, about 2 mm. long, erect. Bracts lanceolate, hyaline. Peduncles coarse, nearly a foot long and subscapose, floral spikes mostly short-oblong and many flowered. Leaves 1-2 dm. long, with 10-20 pairs of elliptical leaflets hardly 2 cm. long which are rounded, thin, and nearly smooth above, folded when young and seemingly linear, ashy, short-cuneate at the long petiolu- late base. Mature stems with 1-2 internodes 2-6 cm. long, from woody root. Pubescence minute. Stony hills of the Blue Mountains Oregon lo Yakima valley and the Palouse, Washington. Middle Temperate life zone. Astragalus reventus var. conjunctus (Watson) Jones Cont. 10 61 (1902) A. conjunctus Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 18 371 (1882). A. conjunctus var. Hoodianus (Howell) Jones, and var. oxtropidoides Jones. Phaca conjuncta (Watson) Piper. This differs from the type in having the flowers rather racemose, the calyx lobes rarely over one third the tube, the pod being distinctly inflated and 2-3 cm. long, with the dorsal suture a little intruded, and the walls coriaceous, and in the linear leaflets. The var. Hoodianus is intermediate with a cartilaginous pod and elliptical leaflets. All sorts of Intergrades oc- cur. Throughout the Columbia Basin. Middle and upper part of lower Temperate life zone in rocky open places. The flowers are often tinged with purple. 116. Astragalus adanus Nelson Bot. Gaz. 53 222 (1912). Pods nearly oval, about 1 cm. long, 5-7 mm. wide and 3 mm. high, shallow-sulcate ventrally, flattish dorsally and obcompressed, very abruptly acute by a deltoid and flattish beak which is in line with the ventral suture and is long-subulate pointed, pod thin-cartilaginous, the wall when fresh about 1 mm. thick, finely cross-ribbed, the shape nearly that of A. gracilis, dorsal suture merely raised within, a little inflated. Flowers not known. Peduncles subterminal, shorter than the leaves. Leaves 1-2 dm. long, with 7-lB pairs of elliptical rounded leaflets hardly 1 cm. long. Stems a foot or two high, with 3-4 internodes 5-7 cm. long. Whole plant nearly smooth. Steep north hillsides at Boise Idaho, McBride. On the edge of the Lower Temperate life zone. This was described as a near relative of A. nudus but its affinities are all with the Reventi. Reventi-Arrecti. 161 117. Astragalus arrectus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 8 289 (1870) A. leucophyllus Hooker, atropubescens C. and F., A. Palousensis Piper, A. Cusickii Rydberg not Gray, A. Malheurensis Heller, Phaca Piper. This is a very variable species and the type will be described first. Pods nearly linear, appressed, about 2 cm. long and 3 mm. wide, cor- iaceous, smooth, acute at both ends, the ventral suture straight or a little concave in the middle but much humped at the end, raised as a heavy line throughout, dorsal suture variously intruded as a thin partition, and pod deeply sulcate. Stipe hardly as long as calyx and straight. Flowers white, or ochroleucous, about 1.5 cm. long. Banner fleshy at base and very stubby, oval, the erect part a mere margin about 1-2 mm. wide, about as long as keel and decidely shorter than the wings. Wings rather broadly oblong, notched, straight, 2-4 mm. longer than keel, about 2 mm. wide. Keel about half a circle 3 mm. high and long, the tip acute and a little more than erect, not colored. All the petals with exserted claws. Calyx campanulate and narrower below, rather obliquely inserted on a stout and very short pedicel, oblique at mouth and deeper cleft above, nigrescent (especial- ly on the teeth) with appressed short hairs, teeth nearly deltoid and nearly half as long as tube. Bracts minute, longer than the pedicels, triangular-ovate. Peduncles about a foot long, strict, the tloral rachis in fruit 1-2 dm. long, almost as stout as stems. Leaves 1-2 dm. long, the upper nearly sessile, with 6-15 pairs of nearly linear to broadly elliptical, refuse leaflets cuneate below, which are ashy be^ow with short and tangled hairs and rarely 2 cm. long. The young leaflets are mostly linear and dark, the mature leaflets are often ovate-elliptical and green, especially on the upper leaves which are the largest. Stems often a foot high and with several slender inter- nodes, from woody roots. This is exactly A. Palousensis Piper. It is common in the Columbia Basin, Middle Temperate life zone on prairies. A. atropubescens C. and F. nearly smooth forms with zigzag stems, oblong leaflets, leaves often a foot long, pedicels longer than the bracts and with the calyx horizontal, and a curved stipe a little longpr than calyx bringing the erect pod within half its length of the rachis, the banner is prodaced and triangular-ovate, erect and 2-4 mm. longer than the keel. This form abounds on the headwaters of the Missoula in Deer Lodge valley and vicinity. A. Cusickii Ryd- berg A. Malheurensis Heller is near the var. Kelseyi but with linear leaflets and its long stipe. This abounds in the Snake River valley from Glenns Ferry west, though most of the forms are referable to the variety. Astragri'i-n arrectus var. Leibergi Jones Cont. 7 663 (1S95) as species, and 10 68 (1902). Phaca arrecta var. Leibergi (Jones) Piper. This is a form with narrowly linear to almost filiform ashy leaflets, scapcse peduncles a foot long and with rachis a half more, with tvpical pods, and with leaves nearly a foot long all clustered at the root which is a mass of knotty crowns. This is a striking form but not a good species. Egbert Spring's Douglas Co. Wash. Leiberg. Astragalus arrectus var. Kelseyi (Rydberg PI. Mont. 241 1900 as species) A. ere-niticus var., '^rencianua ^^nes A. Boiseanus Nelson. This has nearly straight stems a foot or two long, leaflets ova'te-oblong to oblong, rather glaucous, about 10 pairs, stem leaves with very short petioles, peduncles in the axils of the upi^er leaves and shorther than they, with rather few pods near the puds, flowers white or purplish and keel generally purple tipped with the banner elongated as in atropu- bescens, calyx tube 1 mm. long, cylindrical and the teeth hardly a fourth r'.s long, the flowers horizontal and calyx reflexed more or less in fruit, tr^e pod being erect on a long and tapering stipe about half as long as body which 2-3 cm. long. This is the common form on the dry juniper benches of Nevada from Battle Mountain to the Utah line and 162 Reventi-Arrecti. over on the Snake river valley where it grows in sagebrush plains. Lower Temperate life zone. The pod is often mottled or reddish. The leaflets are sometimes 3 cm. long but with the ovate or lanceolate base and oblong outline above and mostly notched. Whole plant nearly smooth, it is not likely that it extends south of Osceola Nevada nor is it known at all in Utah. Astragalus arrectus var. eremiticus (Sheldon) Jones Cont. 7 665 (1S95). A. eremiticus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 161 (1894). This is the form the species assumes in the hot regions adjoining the Tropical Jife zone at the south. Pods about 1.5 cm. long, oval-oblong, to oblong, chartaceous, conspicuously inflated, on a tapering stipe about as long as body and erect or nearly as In the preceding variety, the dorsal suture a little intruded. Calyx cylindrical and as in the last variety. Flowers in long racemes and about 1.5 cm. long, w^hite, ochro- leucous or purple, the banner not fleshy, oval-ovate, with sides much reflexed throughout and seemingly triangular, claws little exserted. Wings truncate to notched and broad as in the type, the tips always white or yellowish when flowers are purple, keel a little longer than high and with rounded tip and purple-tipped. Pedicels longer than the bracts, in fruit 2-4 mm. long as in the var. above. Peduncles 1-3 dm. long, mostly longer than the leaves, slender but stout for the plant. Leaves a foot or less long, the upper nearly sessile, with about 10 pairs of elliptical-lanceolate leaflets which are glaucous, con- spicuously petiolulate, distant and 1-2 cm. long and rounded, rarely notched, thin. Stipules large, broad, green-striped. Stems often a foot long, zigzag, slender, from a woody and branched base. Common from the Beaverdam Mountains near St. George Utah to Chloride Arizona in the Lower Temperate life zone on the edge of the Tropical on gravelly mesas and among rocks. A form of this at Chloride has oval pods on a stipe hardly longer than the calyx, rudimentary calyx lobes and purple flowers with conspicuous white or yellowish wings, and nearly oval and half shorter leaflets. Astragalus arrectus var. remotus n. var. This is a striking form with the racemose flowers and fruit rather closely ai)pressed. Pods narrowly oblong to linear, about 1.5 cm long and 3-4 mm. wide, abruptly apiculate at tip, purple-nerved, thin, triangular-acute at base, on a stipe barely as long as the calyx, with cross-section reniform-triquetrous. The pods have the dorsal suture produced almost to the ventral as a hyaline partition and are chartaceous, but little inflated and smooth as in the other forms, the ventral suture is a broad and i)urple stripe externally. Calyx oblong-campanulate, laterally flattened. 2 mm. high, 1 mm. wide, nigrescent, deeper cleft above with broad sinuses, about 3 mm. long and much as in the type species. The calyx teeth are va- riable but about half as long as tube, triangular and green. Pedicels as in the variety eremiticus but 8-9 mm. long, the deltoid-ovate ban- ner about 7-8 mm. long and abruptly arched to 45 degrees just beyond calyx tips, and thin. Groove in banner shallow% less than a half circle, 2 mm. wide and faintly veined, stopping 2 mm. from tip of ban- ner. Wings flat to keel, oblong-ovate, rounded, entire, concave, the right hand one flaring, both arched to 45 degrees, 2 mm. wide at tip, longer than keel, obtuse to erose, often speckled. Keel very obtuse, with straight base, tip erect and puri)le. Bracts conspicuous but small, about as long as flowering pedicels which are short. Peduncles wiry, 1-2 dm. long and strict, a little longer than the rachls. Leaves rarely 1 dm. long, all petioled, ashy, with 6-8 pairs of small leaflets 5-15 mm. long, which are mostly folded and seem linear but are narrowly to broadly elliptical, thick and obtuse and distant. Stems in dense tufts, slender, with 2-3 long internodes 5-7 cm. long and zigzag, from woody base. Growing among rocks at Good Springs on the western edge of Nevada on the lower edge of the Lower Temperate Reventi-Arrectl. 168 life zone. This is the extreme variation of the species caused by aridity and hot climate. But all these forms intergrade from one to the other as you go south. Astragalus arrectus var. scaphoides Jones Cont. 7 664 (1895). A. scn:)iioides Jones A. scophioides Rydberg. This is a form with the coria- ceous pods truncate below, oblong, about 2 cm. long and 1 cm. wide and 3 mm. high, much obcompressed and rather sulcate at both sutures, the dorsal suture intruded nearly to the ventral as a thick partition, stipe stout and about half as long as pod. Calyx tube short-cylindrical, about 4 mm. long and the teeth a fourth as long. Peduncles about a foot long and racemosely flowered. Leaves about 1.5 dm. long. Leaf- lets about 10 pairs, elliptical, smooth above. Stems very coarse and stiff, about 2 ft. high. Clark's Canon, Beaver Head Co. Montana. Middle Temperate life zone. This is known only from one specimen and may be only a robust form of the var. Kelseyi. Forms from Weiser Idaho connect this with the type. 118. Astragalus Cimae N. Sp. Low and rather coarse. The proper stems rarely 1 dm. long, with short internodes, large and hyaline sti- pules and long lanceolate bracts and few flowers in a head and short- ly racemose pods in fruit and on peduncles shorter than the leaves. Tufted stems from a woody root and zigzag and decumbent. Leaves almost sessile, about 1 dm. long, of about 10 pairs of oval-obovate and slender-petiolulate leaflets, 1 cm. long which are rounded or refuse, and smooth and flat and leathery. FloM'ers not seen but evidently large and ascending. Pods very fleshy, probably 2 mm. thick when fresh, fine ly cross-veined and wrinkled, much arcuate and with deflexed tip, stout and triangular with ventral suture concave except at the very convex tip, much laterally flattened and broadly sulcate at both sutures and with rounded sides, about 2 cm. long. 1 cm. wide and 5 mm. thick, the body often arched in a half circle and set at right angles to the stout btipe which is 1 cm. long, narrowly oblong to ovate, splitting through the ventral suture to stipe, the dorsal opening at tip and to the middle at least, somewhat inflated but apparently full of pulp. Both sutures intruded and the dorsal nearly to the other in the middle of the pod but not at all at the ends. The ventral suture very thick and somewhat raised when dry, the dorsal thin and raised. Cross section oblong. Col- lected by Mrs. Brandegee at Cima on the edge of Nevada near the Charleston Mts. 1915. This reminds one of a Bolanderi. 119 Astragalus vallaris Jones Cont. 10 59 1902) Pods with body 4-5 cm. long, 1 cm. wide, and 5 mm. high, either abruptly acuminate or truncate at base, finely reticulated and cross-nerved, arched to about a third circle, oblong-ovate, with cartilaginous walls about 2 mm. thick when fresh, with stipe 2 cm. long, the base of pod ending in a very thick obconic beak-like straight stipe taperiug into the calyx which be- ing a little reflexed brings the body of the pod about horizontal and the tip nearljr erect, general outline of pod lanceolate-oblong with tip flattened and 2-3 times as long as wide and only slightly declined. Flowers white, about 2 cm. long. Banner gently arched to 45 degrees 2 mm. beyond the calyx tips, lanceolate, with sides reflexed 1 mm. wide above the middle and making the blade seem very narrow above. The wings are linear, 2 mm. wide, fully 2 mm. longer than keel, narrowed at tip, a little ascending. Keel gently rounded from the base to the erect tip which is blunt, 7 mm. long, pirple, about as in A. amphioxys. Calyx about 5 mm. long, obliquely inserted, with subulate teeth about as long as tube. Fruiting pedicels very stout, about 3 mm. long, as- cending. Peduncles in the lower axils only, as in .A., crassicarpus. slen- der, hardly 1 dm. long, with the few pods short-spicate on a rachis hardly half the peduncle. Bracts and stipules small and acuminate. Leaflets with a shortly-cuneate base, contiguous, at least a third as wide as long, with the proper petiole hardly half as long as the adjoin- ing leaflet, and the leaf rachis tapering, green-striped and widely 164 Reventi-Arrecti. spreading, leaflets thin and inclined to be notched at the end. bright- green and apparently smooth, under a lens the young parts are sparse- ly ciliate or appressed-hairy. Internodes very many, with the uppt^r ones often as short as the leaflets, and so the leaves are congested a- bove. Whole plant nearly smooth except the nigrescent calyx. I'ound in Snake River canon near Ballard's Landing and on Pine Cr.. and on the grade below Cuprum. Idaho, on rocky slopes. Middle Temperate life zone. First collected by Cusick in 1898, then by myself (pods on- ly) in 1899. This species reminds one, as to habit, of A. crassicarpus, accidens. and Bcckwithii, but its relationship is here, and accidens. though less related, can hardly be placed elsewhere. 120 Astragalus Bolanderi Gray Proc. Am. .Acad. 7 337 (1868) A. supervacaneus Greene. Pods with body about 1 cm. long (the slender stipe 4 mm. long), about 5-7 mm. wide and 5 mm. high, thin-coriaceous to almost chartaceous. oblong-lanceolate, evidently inflated, cordate at base, shortly triangular-acute at the flat tip (which is as high as long aud evidently declined only when young), indistinctly cross-nerved and but little reticulated, arched to a half circle or more and inserted at right angles to the stipe: partition intruded to the ventral suture from base to middle of pod: cross-section about cc-shaped. Flowers white or cream-colored, with rather short claws, about 1 cm. long, ascendin;] and almost capitate, rather few, sometimes tinged with purple. Ban- ner ovate, gently arched to nearly erect about 2 mm. beyond calyx tips. 4-6 mm. long, inclined to be stubby and short, 2-4 mm. longer than the keel, with sides reflexed about 1 mm. wide below. \A''ings nearly lin- ear, straight, fully 2 mm. longer than keel. Keel straight, about 4 mm long, with erect tip which is abruptly arched, 3 mm. high, triangular, and slightly if at all colored, long-clawed. Calyx ashy, about 5 mm. long, cylindrical but a little narrower below, rounded at base and some- what obliquely inserted, straight, with slender and subulate teeth une- qual and a little shorter than the tube. Peduncles in the upper axils only. Pedicels as long as the ovate bracts. Leaves about 1 dm. long ascending. I-eaflets distant, linear-lanceolate, ashy with fine, crisped and woolly appressed hairs. Internodes 4-5, 2-5 cm. long, not shorter above. It grows in poor, gravelly and rocky soil, in the higher Sierras from King's River north nearly to Shasta in the Upper Temperate life zone. 121 Astragalus accidens Watson Proe. Am. Acad. 22 471 (1887). Pods half-oval to almost lunate, also half-oval to half-round longitudin- ally, and broadly elliptical in cross-section, shortly-acute at both ends, little pulpy, a trifle inflated, nearly smooth but ovary white-pubescent, sometimes sulcatc dorsally, finely reticulated, 7-12 mm. long, 5-7 mm. high, mostly horizontal: cross-section ovate to elliptical but sometime ■ nearly round: only the ventral suture raised and thick externally and straight to concave. Flowers reflexed. Banner narrow, erect, 1-1.5 cm. long, ascending beyond calyx tips to 45 degrees, with sides ic flexed. Wings oblong, 3 mm. longer than keel, 1 mm. wide. Calyx reflexed, campanulatc. 7 mm. long. Bracts 1 mm. long, equal to tie pedicels. Peduncles 1-1.5 dm. long. Racemes short. Leaf rachis 8-1 j cm. long. Leaflets 10-15' pairs, truncate to retuse, 1-1.8 cm. long, ap pressed-pubescent below and glabrous above. Plants sparingly pubes- cent except the ashy pods. This grows in open woods, Oregon. Cow- Creek, Howell. Glendale, Jones. Astragalus accidens var Henderscni (Watson Proc. Am. Acad. ^2 471 1887 as species). A. Watsoni and P.-icificus Sheldon. A. cymatc • des Greene. A. pruniformi.^ Jones. Pods smooth, obtuse at botli ends, very fleshy, a trifle oblique, 8-23 mm. long, 7 mm. wide. 9 mm. high, rather deeply reticulated when dry, indifferently spreading to re- flexed, not inflated, from nearly oval to oblong-oval, apiculate, with both sutures raised, the ventral nearly 1 mm. thick and the dorsal thin. Flowers with the oval banner 6 mm. longer than keel and sides reflex- ed 3 mm. wide below. Wings nearly oblTug. Calyx tubular-campan- Reventi-Arrecti. 165 i:Iite, nigrescent, 7-9 mm. long, with narrow teeth as long as tube. 1 tracts, triangular, longer than the flowering pedicels and as long as tlie fruiting ones and 2-3 mm. long. Pedicels stout. Peduncles 9-15 c n. long in fruit, longer than the leaves, few-flowered, flowering on the upper third. Leaves 7-10 cm. long. Leaflets 6-14 pairs, usually 10. 't 5-2.3 dm. long, 5 mm. wide, rounded to obtuse, narrowly cuncate-ob- long. Stipules lanceolate, 2-7 mm. long, green. Internodes 2.5-6 cm. long. Stems numerous, erect to ascending, 1-2 ft. high. Root woody r'nd stout. Pubescence softly and sparsely appressed woolly-villous. This grows in identically the same locations as the type and differs oily in the cuneate leaflets and thicker pods. The general shape of ihe pods is the same as A. macrocarpus of the Old World. 166 11 ULIGINOSI. Pods fleshy when green and cartilaginous when dry, barely or nearly 2-celled by the intrusion of the dorsal suture as a thin partition (except at the tip where it ia 1-celledj, sessile, cross- ribbed, oval to narrowly oblong, rounded at base, sulcatedorsally, with ventral suture thick and raised externally and convex}i_when pod is straight (except perhaps in A. terniiiialis), with cross-sec- tion round to reniform, with declined tip not ^evidently flattened and forming either an abrupt point or a strong subulate beak and the pod being abruptly pointed, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, with the hard walls barely 1 mm. thick wheii green. Flowers greenish-while (purplish in A. terminalis), stubby, about 1 cm. long, spicate, ro- flexed (but potls not). Calyx short-cylindric, with teeth not half the tube. Bracts ami stipules triangular-acuminate and mostly rather long. Leaflets many pairs, hardly contiguous. Upper petioles rarely twice as long us the lowest leaflet, the lower peti- oles sometimes 2-:^ times as long. Pubescence rather scanty and closely a [)pret-sed, of flat and broad liairs fixed near the middlf. Stems sk'i.di'r, 1-5 ft. high, eri'Ct or nearly so, simple or slightly branched, few, })i'i-rnnial. Plants of the Middle Tem])cratt' life zone, rarely extending a little into the Lower Tenijiernte, grow- ing in moist meadows or along streams in p'>or soil in valleys, also on edgex of cop-cs, in open woods and on prairies. KEY A Pods not evidently inflated, narrowly oblong, triangular-beaked, a little arcuate, racemose, rather tew, 1.2-2 cm. long, 4-5 mm. wide or high, with cross-section cordate to reniform. Flowers not in dense spikes. Plants with few internodes, the stems not over a foot long. Leaflets 5-8 pairs, about 1 cm. long. Pods appressed-erect. 122 terminalis Pods horizontally spreading. 123 Oreganus 2A Pods variously inflated, oval to oblong, conical-beaked, many, densely ?ipicate, rarely loose below, closely appressed, with nearly round cr iss-section. Flowers greenish-white, nearly sessile in dense spilic-.. Ti 11 plants, with many large and broad leaflets. Po^ls with thick walls and little inflated, 124 Canadensis Pods with thin walls and much inflated, 125 neglecti s 167 122 Astragalus terminalis \V;itson Proc. Am. Acad. 17 370 (1882). Pods erect nnd appresscd. about 4 mm. wide and 3 mm. high, some- what Aiched, broadl\' sulcate and with septum partly intruded; tip de- clined a little but nearly in line with the ventral suture, about deltoid, flattened, ending abruptly in a subulate long mucro. Flowers purple and about 1.2 to 1.5 cm. long, nearly sessile but rather slender-pedi- celed in fruit. Banner oblong, arched to erect beyond calyx tips, with with sides reflexed 1 mm. wide in the middle, and about 7-8 mm. long. Wings oblong, 2-3 mm. longer tlian keel. Keel arched a little, sho:t, purple, sharply rounded to a little more than erect, tJie erect part about as long as base and 3 mm. high. Calyx about 3 mm. long, the nigres- cent teeth very short and wide. B'ruiting pedicels 3-4 mm. long. The bracts ovate to subulate, hyaline, 1-2 mm. long. Pedunclles subter- minal and about as long as stems, strict, 1-2 dm. long, the floral rachis half as long. Leaves 5-15 cm. long, but root leaves shorter, with ob- ovate folded leaflets, and petiole nearly half ihe whole. Upper leaves with shorter petiole, the leaflets linear-oblong to oblong-ovate and 7-12 mm. long. Leaflets 5-10 pairs, obtuse to retuse. distant, short- petiolulate, ashy below, rather thick. .Stipules small, triangular and wide, about 4 mm. long. Stems tufted, spreading, rather zigzag, a foot long or less, slender, with the two upper internodes 2-5 cm. long, the rest short, from a woody root. Headwaters of the Snake river in the vicinity of St. Anthony and Spencer Idaho to Yellowstone Park and over on the headwaters of the Gallatin river on sagebrush plains. It has the general appearance of the broad-leaved form of A. arrectus but the pod is strictly sessile and thicker walled, while the peculiar pubescence puts it in this group. Middle Temperate life zone. Astragalus terminalis var. reventoides (Jones Cont. 7 661 1895 as sqecies). Flowers ochroleucous. Pods about 12 mm. long, almost truncate at both ends, about 6 mm. wide and 4 mm. .high, with parti- tion intruded one third the way across. Leaflets oval to elliptical and hoary, inclined to be notched, otherwise as in the type. On the head- waters of the Gallatin river Montana on sagebrush plains. Lima and Grasshopper Creek. A poor variety. 123 Astragalus Oreganus Xutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1335 (1838) A. ventorum Gray. Pods horizontal, lanceolate-oblong, with triangular beak which is decidedly declined and flattish. Flowers ochroleucous. Planner ovate, a little longer than vvings. Wings 2 mm. longer than 1 eel, and 2 mm. wide. Keel straight and with tip rounded and erect. Caly.x inserted on the lower corner, a little wider below: tube about 5 mm. long; teeth subulate and about 2 mm. long. Pedicels very short, bracts longer than pedicels. Peduncles shorter than the leaves, sub- term.'nal. about 7 cm. long. Leaves 7-12 cm. long, of 6-8 pairs of oval to obcordate leaflets which are thick, hoary on both sides and less than 2.5 cm. long. Stipules large. Stem hardly half a foot long, simple, e ect, zigzag slender and from slender underground rootstocks, with few internodes which are rarely 2.5 cm. long. Pubescence ashy and ra- ther long. In the upper Snake river valley Idaho and Wind river re- gion Wyoming on sagebrush plains. These two species are but little known and may not be distinct. Astragalus Canadensis Tourn in L. 757. (I take up this name in preference to Carolinianus which has only priority by position, and shonUl not displace Tournefort's name on a technicality, in addition the latter is only a local variation of the other widespread species). Pods oblong, about 1.5 cm. long, little inflated, about 5 mm. wide and high, a little obcompressed, rarely noticeably sulcate, densely ap- presscd-spicate, smooth, with short mucro. Flowers yellowish- or greenish-white, very many, densely spicate, nearly sessile. Banner rather fleshy, arched far back, seemingly triangular because of the sides refle.xed most at tip, nearly round, 5-8 mm. long. The groove V-shaped except at base. Wings' linear, slightly wider at the blunt tip. ascending, about 2 mm. wide and 2 mm. longer than keel. Keel 1(58 Keel about as long as high, 3-4 mm. high, almost a half circle in out- line, rounded at tip, often appearing to surpass the banner when it is much reflexcd. Calyx hyaline, laterally flattened, somewhat gibbous, rather hairy, deeper cleft above, about 7 mm. long and 2-i mm. high, inclined to be a little declined; teeth triangular to subulate, half to a third the tube. Pedicels almost none in the type. Bracts often as long as calyx tube, thin. Peduncles stout and strict, variable but a- bout as long as the leaves, the spike 5-15 cm. long. Leaves often nearly a foot long, widely spreading, the middle ones the largest. The eaflets 10-14 pairs, smooth above, elliptical to lanceolate, not over 4 cm. long, very variable, obtuse, flat, thin, with cuneate base, the upper pairs smaller. Stipules papery, la. ge, inclined to be connate. Stems stout, 2-5 feet high, strict, somewhat branched above, with internodes rarely over 7 cm. long. Pubescence ashy, on the upper side of leaves. Common throughout the region east of the Plains to the .Atlantic and southward at least to Missouri and Texas, northward to Hudson's Ray and the Saskatchewan. Occasional forms nearly typical are found thiough MonKirato ll:e Pacific, but replaced westwanl mostly by the variety Mortoni. Astragalus Canadensis var. Mortoni (Xutt.) Watson King's Rep. C8 (lb/1;. A. Mortoni Nutt. Jour. Phil. .Acad. 7 19 (1834). A. trisiis and spicatus Xutt. This is the western form of the species. Pods narrowly oblong, 7-12 mm. long, mostly densely spicate, not so clo. e-, ly appressed. ralher deeply sulcate, mostly a little arched. Banner ovate. Keel purple-tipped. Calyx truncate at base and inserted t'l. the corner. Bracts fi om ovate to subulate and 2-12 mm. long. Pe- duncles sometimes a foot long. Leaves rarely 1.5 dm. long. T^eaflets inclined to be obfong, mostlj' 6-8 pairs, 1-3 cm. long. Stems rather decumbent below, frequently hardly a foot long. Some northern forms have the pods of .'\. terminalis. Common from New Mexico northward and northwestward to the Saskatchewan and California. Occasional^' this has the pods of the next variet}'. It varies directly at all point into the type species. Astragalus Canadensis var. Carolinianus (L.) Jones Cont. 7 647 (1895). .\. Carolinianus L. 757. This has ojtcn spikes of white flow- ers which arc not thick and fleshy. Pods oblong to oval, decidedly inflated, about 1 cm. long and apiculate. Leaflets large, ellii)tical- lanceolate and long-pctiolulatc. .Stems slender, llexuous, erect, tall. Whole plant nearly smooth. This is the more common form of the southeastern states and northward to the Ohio river, though forms a- bout the same rarely occur as far as Minnesota. 125 Astragalus neglectus (T. & G.) Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 59 (1894). Phaca neglecta T. & G. Fl.l 344 (1838). A. Cooperi Gray. Pods oval-ovate, truncate to cordate at both ends, about ,2 cm. long. 7-12 mm. wide, (luitc obli(|ue, variously sulcate at one or both sutures and both somewhat intruded, chartaceous to thin-coriaceous, much inflated, cross-nerved. Flowers about as in A. Canadensis except the calyx which is campanulate and nigrescent. Pedicels almost none. Bracts short. Peduncles slender, not longer than the leaves, ratlier spreading or sometimes erect, almost capitately ll)-25 flowered. The leaves 7-12 cm. long, with upper petioles almost npne. Leaflets 6-10 pairs, smooth above, ashy-woolly below, nearly contiguous, narrowly elliptical to linear-oblong, cuneate at base and long-petiolulate, roun- ded to retuse, about 2-3 cm. long, thin. Stipules triangular-ovate, 4-7 mm. long. Stems a foot or two high. Internodes 5-10 cm. long. On gravelly banks and in sandy open woods from Niagara Falls to Min- nesota and Brookings S Dak., along the Great Lakes, in the Middle Temperate life zone. 189 1 2 H YPOGl.OTTIDES. I'ods •■2-celled, broadly obloug to linear, nearly straight but oblique, -not over 1 cm. long, inclined, to be obcompressed with convex sides, not inflated, pubescent, not over 4 mm. wide, hard- ly twice the calyx, minutely sti})itate, opening first at ti}) but on- ly a little at any time, with cross-sectujn triangular-coniate to reniform. Flowers densely spicute or in heads or gubternnnal on rather elongated peduncles, nni-rovy, about 1.5-2 cm. long. Calyx tube short-cylindric to cylindric. Stipules conspicuously connate. Stems tufted or many, decumbent, rarely a foot long, from per- ennial roots. Plants of the Middle and Upper Temperate life zone. KEY Pubescence rather coarse, tixed near the middle 126 nitidus Pubescence very fine, fixed at the base. 127 agrestis 126 Astragalus nitidus Douglas in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 149 (1834). pods sulcatc, oblong to narrowly so, 7-10 mm. long, 3-4 mm. high, chartaceous, hoary with minute and appressed pubescence, never more than twice as long as calyx, rrtther laterally flattened toward tip, spicate or rarely lacemose, shortly stipitate, I'tdc arcuate when longer: with ventral suture convex at tip and with declined point; cross-sec- tion reniform to triangular; septum produced nearly. to the ventral suture. Flowers quite variable but normally white, sometimes purple, densely set in oblong heads, appressed in flower and fruit, about 1.5 cm. long. Banner oblong and often much elongated, 7-12 mm. long, variously arched below calyx tip to 20-45 degrees. Wings linear to oblanceolate,. from a trifle loi!ger to 4 mm. longer than keel and 2-4 mm. shorter than banner, narrower than keel, but little arched, obtuse. Keel nearly the same width throughout, half-oval-ohovatc, from nearly straight along the upper side to square at the erect or slightly out- turned tip, colored, 2-7 mm. long, about 2-3 mm. high. Calyx tube short-cylindric, 3-6 mm. long and about 2 mm. high, rather acutish at base and equally inserted, scarcely to somewhit oblique at tip, hyaline and inclined to be nigrescent with closely appressed hairs, sessile, the subulate teeth fully half as long as tube and often with threadlike tips. Bracts nearly as long as calyx tube, triangular and hyaline. Pedun- cles about 1 dm. long, generally twice as long as spikes, ' sometimes a foot long, stout and sulcate. Leaves 7-12 cm. long, little tapering, all somewhat pctioled but the upper petioles short. Leaflets 6-12 pairs, 1-4 cm. long, narrowly elliptical to Hnear-oblong or lanceolate, 4-7 mm. wide, flat, rather rigid, acutish to acute, closely silvery with very delicate hairs fixed near the middle and closely appressed, the pubes- cence varying from white to sparse, and plants then green. .Stipules large, scarious. .Stems decumbent, about a foot long, with few and rather long internodes and many root leaves, from a thick and woody crown. From the Plains at. Santa Fee New Mexico north^N'ard through Colorado and western \ebraska to .-X-ssiniboifi, westward to 170 Lima and Deer Lodge valley Montana, and Silver and Medical lakes Washington, and to the main range in Colorado, but not in the Great Basin. Open prairies and mea ows, in gravelly and well drained soil. Middle Temperate life zone. This belongs to the same class as A. Onobrychis, leontinqs. and microphj-llus of Europe, as well as adscendens (to which this,] species is generally referred). Astragalus nitidus var. robustior (Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 149 1834 as adsurgens var.) This is A. striatus Xutt., sulphui escens Rydbcrg. Chandonetii Lunel. Flowers white, in short heads, on elongated pe- duncles. Calyx teeth long. Hardly a good variet3\ Same range. Astragalus adsurgens Pallas, to which this species is referred, and which botanists assume is A. La.xmanni DC. doej not have the con- spicuously connate stipules, while Japanese plants (so named but evi- a distinct species) have the connate stipules, but oval leaflets, divari- cate leaves and peduncles which latter are shorter than the leaves. This species has many of the characteristics of several groups. I', at once suggests relationship to the LHiginosi by the pubescence and general habit. It appears related to the calycosus and the Spaldirgii groups but it is manifestly closest to A. agrestis, and this is nearest la the Chactodontes which, in turn, are related to the Didymocarpi, ami more remotely to the Micranthi. 127 Astragalus agrestis Douglas in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 148 (1834), A. goniatus Xutt., .A. Carletonis Rydberg. Poris chartaceous. with ventral suture raised and thick and sharp-edged and usually tri angularly and laterally flattened, but in old pods the cross-secton is often reniform. pods ovate to oblong-oval, broad, very blunt at botl: ends, obcompressed. scarcely longer than caly.x, usually white-shaggy, and always white-villous at ti]), oblong, 7-10 mm. long, splitting tl e calyx, in dense heads, with wide dorsal groove and deeply sulcate dor sally, often almost to the ventral suture and with narrow septum. Flow- ers few to many, purple, with white vvings or rarely all white, ereci. 12-2(1 mm. long, in dense heads which are oblong to short-cylindric and about 2.5 cm. long. Banner elongated, with obovate blade, about 12 mm. long, slightly ascending, a little hooded at tip, abruptly arched at calyx tips to 15-45 degrees, about 4 mm. longer than wings, with sides reflexed a very little: white spot obovate-cuneate,often subulate- tipped, purple-striate and comes within 4 mm. of tip; groove V-shaped and vanishing above. Wings linear-oblong, obliciue, rounded, about 4 mm. longer than keel, straight or ascending parallel with the banner, about 1 mm. wide, veined (as are all the petals), with light-])urple base and white above. Keel about three times as long as wide, with the triangular tip barely acute and mostly erect, being rounded in a gentle curve to the tip, purple, 4-5 mm. longer than calyx, str;iight. Calyx cylindric to campanulate-cylindric. 4-7 mm. long, straight, not obliciue, narrowed below, with straight and linear-subulate teeth which arc green and shaggy with variou'^ly mixed black and white hairs, and teeth a half to two thirds as long as tube. Pedicels stout and very short. Bracts oblong to ovate or linear, green, very conspicuous, the lower ones obtuse, the rest acute, often with hyaline margins, about equaling the calyx tube, the louver ones often as large as the leaflets. Peduncles 5-12 cm. long, deeply sulcate, longer than the leaves, erect. Leaves narrow, delicate. 4-10 cm. long, all petioled. Leaflets narrosv- !>• elliptical to oblong or rarely linear, sometimes a trifle narrowed above, truncate to notched, 6-10 pairs. 1-2 cm. long, mostly smootii, often puberulent, flat and thin. Upper stipules the largest, conspicu- ously sheathing, blunt (rarely acute), often 1.5 cm. long, Icaflike. The stems weak and almost filiforni, rarely a foot long, leafy but with slender internodes, with bases interlaced and with filiform under- ground stems and running rooistocks, erect only in dense meadows where supported by grass. Pubescence rather loose, appressed, short, never dense except on the calyx, with hairs fixed by the base. Com- 171 nion in subal)»inc and rather moist me i lows even to tlie Middle Tem- ; eriite iife zone in open and sunny but moist places, and even in open woods from Dakotah and Nebraska to New Mexico, and westward to ihe Sierras, and northward to the Arctic. A. Hypoglottis var. bract«- atus Osterhout is only a form with larger bracts than normal. A. Hy- poglottis var. polyspermus T. & G., A.yirgultulus Sheldon is the form growing unsupported by other plants in more exposed places, and is ashy-puberulent, with pods about 7 mm. long, and short iuternodcs. All forms bloom in late summer. The European A. Hypoglottis L, (its closest ally), with which this has been confused, has longer stipe; pods broader, mostly oval, very blunt at both ends, simply hairy, about 5 mm. long, triquetrous to much obcompressed; banner short, oval, 3-4 mm. longer than keel; wings oblong, barely 1-2 mm. longer than keel; calyx short-campanulate, 4 mm. long, over 2 mm. wide, with the subulate teeth half to a third as long as the tube; b racts ;ibout 2 mm. long, not enlarged and leaflike subulate-pointed, ovate to linear-lanceolate; peduncles longer than the, leaves; leaflets lanceolate, acute or obtuse, not notched, about 8 pairs ; stipules much smaller, rarely 1 mm. long;,pubcscence spreading, sparse, of long and slender hairs. 172 13 ch.*:todontes. Pods not ovi r ! cid. long. S-oelled, segeile or nearly so, rarply a little art'Uhi('.*e, the right hand one folded over the keel, the other fl n ing, both wings and banner hairy on the outside. Keel short, straighi, 2 mm. high, incurved at lip to 110 degrees, purple, barely as long a^ calyx, the tip a knob »nd very blunt. Calyx narrowly campanulate, the tube about 3 mm. long, inserted on the lower corner, cleft deepc , above, not narrowed below; teeth green, uneciual, arched and lax, fili form, not shorter than the tube. Bracts subulate. 4-7 nmi. long, thin Peduncles 2-7 cm. long, erect, rather- stout, mostly longer th.ui the leaves, .rnbscaposc though actually in the upiter axils. Leaves clus- tered, spreading, the lower long-petioled. Petioles stout, not sulcale. 173 never less than ii»! i' li'.e wltn^e. Leaflets acnle «t both ends, often folded, ftiff, not petiolulate tier contiguous, 10-13 mm. loag. Stip- ules hyaline, very hairy, ahout 1 cm. long. Stems hardly 1 dm. long, much branched, deii.sely leafy, rather stout, woody, prostrate, with short inlernodes. Pubescence of the whole plant even to the pod.«, liracts and oul>ide.s of petals .shaggj' with long white hairs which are more appicssed on the leaflets and less dense on the pods. This grows on dry and rocky ridges in the sagebrush i« the Sierras from Summit Nevada Co. California and northward to Oregon, along with A.. Hook- erianu«, Erios'onuu) umbcilatum, and Symphoricarpus. Middle Tem- perate hie zone. 129 Astra<«luf Spaldingii Gray Proc. Am. .'\cad. 6 524 (1865). A. Chaetodoii foir., not i'ain:ve- Pods erect or ascending, 5-7 mm. long, oblong 6v«l, ^traiyht or rarely concave (very seldom a little arched nnd sharpi o'.nted and laterally flattened), obliquely apiculate or rarely triangular beaked, with central suture a little convex (but not as much i.r, the dors-ai^ rarely at ail sulcate dorsally, usually shaggy-pubescent, rarely less so, rounded at base and filling the slightly inflated calyx, with cross-section nerirly round but a little flattened literally. Flow- ers 7-10 mm. long, white, erect, in dense heads which are about 2-3 cm. long and which mostly elongate to spikes in fruit. Banner oval, veined with purple, about 4 mm. long, arched abruptly to erect at tip of c»lyx, with sides rcflexcd about I mm. wide. Wings 4 mm. long, narrowly and obliquely elliptical, a little arched. full3' 2 mm. longer than keel and 2 mm. shorter than banner, about 3 mm. wide. Keel very short, about 1 mm. longer than calyx, about 2 mm. high and 2 anm. long, deltoid, purple. Calyx very villous, about 3 mm. long, cara- panulate lo nearly hemispherical in fruit, rounded at base, with the teeth thre.^dlike and about 4 mm. long, Pedicels none. Bracts seta- ceous, about 4 mm. long, with threadlike tips. Peduncles about twice as long as the leaves. Fruiting spikes 2-7 cm. long, often loose at base. Central leaves about 1 dm. long, the upper ones sessile. Leaflets 7-12 mm. long, 8-10 pa;rs, laneeolate, to linear-oblong, cuspidate. Stipules subulate, green, produced into long and threadlike tips about 1-1.5 cm. long. Stems slender, many, decumbent. 1-2 feet long, nearly simple, with slender internodes. Pubescence long-villous over the whole plant, especially on the calyx, less dense on the leaves, with hairs sin- uous, very slender and attached by a pustulate base. This species is rather co-nmon on hills and plains of the Columbia Basin to Baker City on the east and Honey Lake on the south, not in the Flathead re- gion. Middle Temperate life zone, in gravelly and clay soil. 130 Astraealus Brauntonl Parish Bull. S. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2 26 (1902). Pods oval-ovate, about 5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide and 1 nrm. high, notched at base, abruptly rounded at both ends, chartaceous, softly short-villous. spicate. reflexed on a stout pedicel 1 mm. long, with straight dorsal suture and upturned acuminate flat beak about 1 mm. long, with longitudinal section half-oblong-oval, with cross-sec- tion oblately deltoid-cordate and pod broadly sulcate to the middle and septum produced nearly to the ventral except at tip. Flowers in a spike 5-7 cm long, reflexed. about 1 cm. long, pinkish, with petals about as long as calyx and teeth. Banner nearly round. 3-4 mm. long, but little arched, about 2 mm. longer than wings, with margins a little reflexed all around. Wings broadly oblong, rounded. 2 mm. wide, about 1 mm. longer than keel. Keel about 3 mm. long and high, the tip rounded to a litte more than a half circle, the upper side about straight, the longitudinal section half-cuneate-obovate. Calyx cam- panulate, 3-4 mm. long and nearly as high, rather truncate below and inserted on the lower corner and sessile in flower, hardly oblique above, with filiform, green, lax lobes nearly twice as long as tube. Bracts 'filiform-subulate, thin, lax, about 1 cm. long, peduncles rarely 5 cm. long, much shorter than the leaves, and rather shorter than the fruit- ing rachis. Leaves 1-2 dm. long, recurved, narrow and tapering, short- petioled, with short tapering leaf-rachis. Leaflets nearly 15 pairs, ob- 174 long-laHceolate to elliptical, apiculate, flat, long-petiolulate, nearly contiguous, the largest about 2 cm. long. Stems stout, decumbent, 2-3 feet long, often 5 mm. thick, flexuous, with interuodes rarely 5 cm. long. S>tipules subulate, la.x, thin, hardly 1 cm. long, with threadlike tips. Pubescence softly whitc-villous all over, the stems white, the leaves greener. A very robust plant of the foothills near Santa Mon- ica California, Braunton. TrojMcal life zone. This is a most unexpec- ted addition to the group. 131 Astragalus Lyallii Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 195 (1864). Pha- ca Piper. Pods very variable, straight, pungently acute, flat at lip. narrowly sulcatc dorsally, about 3 mm. high and 1-2 mm. wide, clo-^e- ly reflexcd, splitting the calyx, hoary or smooth, finely ci o ^s-nerved, about 5 mm. long, z-celled to tip, triangular-ovate lo oblong-lancto- late \rarely ovab, with cross-section narrowly triangulai-co: date to broadly cordate-ovate, with ventral suture raised and thick, poa bui little convex on the dorsal side. Flowers white or tinged with purple, about 6-7 mm. long, nearly sessile. .Banner ovate, often p-urple-sliiate 4-5 mm. long, abruptly arched at end of tube to nearly er^ct, witli sides much reflexed so that outline is nearly linear. Wings oblong- lanceolate, but little arched, narrower than keel and from 2 mm. longer to only a little longer than keel, 3 mm. shorter than banner. Keel wiih nearly .straight base, about 3 mm. long and high, very abruptly ronn- ,ded at the end to more than erect, the tip being deltoid, oblicjucly trun- cate, colored, not "surpassing calyx teeth. Calyx .tube turbinate to cam-' panulate, about 2 mm. long, narrowed below, blackish with shaggy hairs about as'loiig as t.ube, the filiform teeth very la.x and often twice the tube. Pedicels slender, about 1 mm. long in fruit. Bracts subulate, lax, about 2-4 mm. long. Peduncles slender, rarely 3 cm. long. Flo- ral rachis erect, tapering, often 1 dm. long. Central leaves nbout 6 cm. long, mostly sessile, spreading, rather broad. Leaflets 6-8 pairs, not contiguous, 1-1.5 cm. long, narrowly elliptical to almost linear, acute, softly appressed-hoary-silky with very fine and long hairs. Stems nearly erect, a foot or two high, flexuous, with peduncles in most of the a;elled by the iutrusi -n of the dorsal suiure, s[)litting througji the ventral «ULure as in ihe Alpiui but )ioi wholly Lhrough the dorsul, coriaceous to cartiiajii- nous when dr), .- M) nun. loug, mostly ascending, soniewha'. «>()- lique or a little ;ireuaie, with reiiiform, triquetrous, or quadran- gular cro-is-decLiou, inflated only in lotiflorus, sessile and. rounded at base, tip tri>.n^u]ar and acute (apiculate in A. circuindatus), Flow«')'s on mm. I'>ug, mostly wii.te or light-colored, rather f.-w, m ijeads oj' vury siiort-spicate, short-cUwed, with shi)rt p. taU. Calyx caujpanulate, with tube 2-4 rjim long. Bracu mostly short, Stipules not contuvtc, i^ubulate to fi.uisiular or deltoid. Slemu-r caulescent pereuniaiB from rather Avoody roots, mostly low plauta. KEY A, Pods oval to oblong, little oblique, not inflated, about 1.5 cm. long, straight, very fleshy (the pulp 2-3 mm. thick when fresh and the crosg-section then about round, but inclined to quadrangular when dry), apiculate or very short-pointed, splitting the calyx, setsile when fresh, about stroig;ht, with the ventral suture raised and thick. Calyx teeth triangular, tube 2-3 mm. lon^. Pubescence very thort and close- ly appresssd, white, composed of fine hairs. Bracts very small, del- toid to trianguL-;r, rather thick and hairy. The stems are somewhat Intricately bran;aed and depressed. AB. Pubescence attached by the base. Fruit on rather slender ped- icels which are at least as long as the deltoid bracts. Calyx teeth tri- angular and about as long as tube. Tropical. Circumdati. Pods nearly smooth. Flowers nearly white. Whole plant almost smooth. 132 circumdatu!. Pods ashy. Flowers deep-purple-tipped. Whole plant silvery-pubescent. 133 Mohavensis. A2B. Hairs attached near the middle. Pods nearly sessile. Ca- ly teeth muc;i shorter than the tube. Ventral suture of pods the more convex. Not Tropical. Accumbentes 134 accumbans. TA. Pods oblonc -lanceolate, acuminate, inflated, 1-clled. but dorsal LUture sometimes a little thickened within, 2-3 cm. long, nearly 1 cm. -igh and wide, coriaceous, only a little fleshy when green. Leaflets narrow. Flowers c?-pitate, white or nearly so. Calyx lobes arc aed I nd as long as the tube. Pubescence of hairs attacnei near the mid- cle. Not Tropical. Lotiflori. 135 lotiflorus 132. Astrc.galus circumdatus (Jreene Pitt. 1. 17;{ (ISSS). ro(l> oviil- 1 blons, few, about round in cross section when fresh, decidedly fleshy . nd puly" faiutly corruyaled when dry, nearly ticuie at haa.', 1 :^-l.S ra. long, about 7 mm. high, 5 mm wide, straight, a little narrowt d he- ow, erect, or spreading, green and barely pubescent when ripe, hoary > hen you ig with very short and appressed hairs, dorsal sjiure neither r lised nor thick but a little convex; tip triangular and placed in tlu- i:dddle of the end. Flowers 5-12 indifferently spreading, white, 7 nun. l.»ng, short and stubby. Banner oval, white, very wide below, abruptly 176 nrched at calyx tips to nearly 00 do^Toes ; sides refloxed fully 2 nun. Hide, Made 3 mm. lonK. Wings oblong, with narrow base, ascendinK. rather acute, barely as long as keel. Keel 1 mm. shorter than the ban- niT, dark-tipped, produced into an acuminate erect tip 2 nun. high which Is abruptly Incurved to 90 degrees, straight and like that of A. campes- tris. Calyx a little over 2 mm. long, not arched, nor cleft deeper abovf\ short-canipniiulate, green, narrowed l)elow, densely white-hairy, teeth subulate, ns long as lube, not unequal. Pedicels slender, 2-5 mm. long, much longer than the bracts. Bracts minute but conspicuous, hyaline. Peduncles about 4 cm. long, slender, about 10-flowered, .shorter than the petioles. Lenves all pelioled, 2.5-7 cm. long, the lower the smallest, the uppermost th(> largest; pet'ole sliorl:t>r tlian the leaf-i-acliis. LojiHets oblanceolate to oval 2 10 mm. lonur, folded, petiolulate, 8-14 pairs, very obtuse, nearly <'ontigiious. Stipul(>s liyaline, conspicuous, almost con- nate below, not adnate, reniform to deltoid, seldom ovxccpr on young iiarts. Peninsula of Lower California. Tropical. The plants form close mats on the ground. 133. Astragalus Mohavensis, Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 20 .301 (1885). Pods narrowly oblong, plum-shaped, about 1.8 cm. long, 5-7 rum. wide, and 3-5 mm. high, with pulpy wall 2 mm. thick when fresh and not thick inner walls, which separate from the outer much as in A. cymboides, nearly straight. Jointed to a minute sdpe -"hen dry ^or weakly attached, sessile when green, a little narrowed below, reflexed, coriaceous, ashy, rigid or faintly cornigated. opening all along the ventral suture. Imperfectly 2-cellcd by the partial Intrusion of the dor- sal suture, cross section ellipitical-ovate when dry and almost round when fresh but sometimes cordate, both sutures promin'-nt, niised and thin when dry only, tip l-celled and Hat and very shortly triangular acute with a rather long mucro which is about in line with tiie middle of the end, cavity triquetrous, hairy and pulpy. Flowers 5-15, about 7-8 mm. long, not stubby, purple tipped, shortly-racemose, ascending. Ban- ner about 5 mm. long, arched to 45-90° at the end of calyx tube, 3 nmi. longer than the keel, sides reflexed 1-2 mm. wide and most in the mid- dle, white .spot ovate to oblong or obovate-oblong and puri^le veined and stopping 1 mm. short of the tip. Wings 1 mm. wide, as long as keel, ascending, oblanceolate to oblong, rounded, nearly straight, oblique, darker above, 4 mm. shorter than banner. Keel 3 mm. wide, i)urple, 2 mm. shorter than banner, tip larger, rounded, blunt, erect, arched to V4, circle in a short arc. base about straight to a little arched, blade 4 mm. long. Calyx turbinate to campanulate cylindric. not arched nor evidently cleft deei)er above, about 3 mm. long, not flattened, fleshy at base, nearly equally inserted; sinuses broad; teeth as long as tube, equal and subulate. Pedicels not over 2-3 mm. long about as Ions,' as the bracts In fruit only and stout. Bracts ovate to subulate. Pedicels in flower about 1 mm. long. Early peduncles scapose, the later ones axil- lary throughout, racemosely fruited above, 7-15 cm. long, slender, a trifle longer than leaves when mature including the rachis. Leaves 5-10 cm. long with the ])etioles as bvng as tlie rachis, or on the lower leaves much longer. Leaflets broadly elliptical to obovate, cimeate at base, rarely 1.5 cm. long, 2-5 pairs, rather distant, aplculate to trun- cate ,the central ones the largest. Stipules deltoid, adnate, hairy, rather stiff, small. Steins flexuous. not over a foot liigli, much branched, widely spretidlag, often forming masses a .vard in diameter. Inter- nodes rarely over 5 .mp.. long, rubesccnce silvery even to the stipules, with slender, and dense very .chlnate hairs, the stems more pubescent than the leaves. The plants- bloom as winter annuals and continue for a few years. Kather onunon in rocky canons and on 1?7 cliffs from Charleston Mts. to Keeler. Tropical, 134. Astraaalut accumbens Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 20 (1894). A. prociimhens Watson. Pods 1.2-2 cm. Ion;;, oblong-oval, about 7 mm. high, wrinkled, puberulent, dor.sal suture a little intruded, cross section nei'.rly round even when dry, rounded at both ends. Flowers nearly sessile even in fruit, stubby, wliite or puri)lisli, spreadiiif,', few, rarely more than 3 pods mature, capitate, 0-10, 6-8 mm. long, the blades about as long as calyx. Banner almost round, arched to erect. In broad curve beyond calyx tips, barely longer than keel, with sides reflexed about 1.5 mm. wide in middle. Wings arched almost to a half circle, very obliquely oblanceolate, a little longer than keel. Keel with base arched and tip incurved to more tlian erect and abrui)tly, barely acute. Calyx rather long-campanulate, about 3 mm. long and 2 mm. high, dark- hairy with appressed pubescence, scarcely at all flattened laterally, teeth arched and triangular, about */4-*^ as long as tube. Bracts tri- angular, 2-3 mm. long, much longer than the very short pedicels. Ped- uncles sul)scapif()rni, S-U> cm. long, ascending, niuclii longer than leaves. Leaves 5-7 cm. long, with petioles over half the whole, slender. Leaf- lets 5-7 pairs, about 7 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, sessile, thick, oblong obovate, rounded, somewhat silvery with appressed hairs. Stipules broadly ovate to deltoid, acute, about 5 mm. long, hyaline, adnate, large for the plant, either imbricated or the Internodes very short. Root erect and much branched at tip with, short and woody stems, 2-15 cm. long, then again branched as much and as long and stems rather as- cending, forming a rather open mat, the habit being much that of A. calycosus. This looks like a diminutive A. Missouriensis but is of an- other group. First collected by Dr. Palmer in 1SG9 and referred to A. tephrodes, then by Dr. Havard at Fort WIngate, Marsh, and- later by Lemmon at Laguna, New Mexico. Lower Temperate life zone, on dry benches. 135. Aetragalus iotiflorus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 152 (1834). Phacn T. & G.. Pods mostly straight, both sutures convex but the dorsal more so, r!;«i.vwlicn pod is arcuate the ventral suture is concave, laterally compressed and cross section triquetrous or deltoiil-coidale when it is simllow-sulcate dor.sally, flat and triangular-acute at tip. closely ai)pressed and rather long-hairy, ascending to rettexed. Flow- ers mostly reflexed, about 5-7 nun. long, almost sessile, sometimes clelstogamous, about 10. Banner oval to round, abruptly erect at end of calyx teeth or nearly so, notched, about 5 mm. long, nearly a half longer than keel, often purple-veined above, sides reflexed. Vv'ings narrowly-oblong, obtuse, nearly 2 mm. wide, somewhat longer than keel. Keel straight hardly surpassing the calyx tips, arched to erect at the truncate end, 2 mm. high, dull-purple. Bracts subulate; to tri- angular, hairy, about equaling the calyx tube. Calyx tube 2-'\ mm. long, appres.sed-long-h,aIry. Peduncles slender, often very short, sub- 8cai);form. Iveaves 5-15 cm. long, the petiole about half the whole. Leaflets about 5 pairs, elliptical to ol)long and acutlsh at both ends. 5-15 mm. long, rather distant, nearly smooth above. Stipules ovate, ■ cumlnate rarely overlapjiing. Stems very sliort but slender and branched, diffuse, rarely more than 2-5 cm. long, forming small mats on the ground and very leafy. Whole plants variably silky-pubescent with hairs mostly appressed, sometimes spreading on the pods. Com- mon on the Plains from the Saskatchewan to Texas but only on the Atlantic slope, blooming in spring. Tlie var. brachypus Ciruy. (A. '. l.atiocarpus Sheldon and A. ammolotus (Jreene) has flowers sessile :«t'readlng pubescence. This Is rather common ut thenortli but hardlv : inong the leaves and mostly cleistoganious. and arcuate pods with d(>>jerves varietal rank as it grows with the other forms and often has sessile and long-peduncled flowers on the same plant. The var. Rever- choni ((Jray) .lones wliicli is A. criMaceus Buckley, A. Iotiflorus var. Nebraskensis Bates, and A. Batesil Nelson has long peduncles and nar- 178 row pods and is more common at the south. This form has short' l)ra(ns and ca\yx lobes and loss inflated pods. The species extenc eastward to western Iowa and Dakota and Missouri. Middle and Low^ Temperate life zones on plains and open prairies in frravelly soil. 179 15 ATRATI. Pods oblaiig to nearly linear, cartilaginous to coriaoeous, rarely chartaceous, not inflatfd fa little so in A. atratus), various- ly ".i-iM'lle'i l»y the intrusion of tlie dorsal putnre, sulcute Uorsally (exct jiL in the variety menganus, rarely at ull ventrally, wah the cross-.' cction round or nearly so), pod sessile or only lumutwly «tip- iiiite, inclined to be Micier above the middle, about 1.2-2.5 cm. long, r.indy Ti mm. wide or high, opening first at tip, racemoBe, \LMirral suture tlie mure arched and pod arcuate downward and seemingly itpside down. Flower.* sbort, rarely 1 cm. long, wide H'ld stubby (tiot stubby in Panamintensit;), wJiitt or greenish, sel- doni purplish, with eainpanulate c.lyx and narrow teeth, on slen- der {)odieels much longer thati the brads, (fiowert^ nearly sessile and bracts longer than the pedicels m A oliscurusj. Bracts and stipules small, the latter not coiiJ iite. Lckm-s narrow und with relatively elongated rachis ta})enng a/ d rather rigid. Leaflets few (rarely T pairs), narrow, mostly short, sub-alternate, distani, mo8tl\ much reduced above and ibolmed to abort. 8ttir,s, leaf- riichis and peduncles all green. Stems short ai d slender, wilh rai her m;iny very short intetnodes below and inclined lo be caes- pitose (rarely somewhat el(tnj.aied and with a few long internodes above), prostrate to decumbent, perennial. This group grows only in the Great Easin, Death Valley h\h\ southern edge of the Columbia Kasin in arid plactjs, rarely among grasses. KEY A. Pods cartilaginous when dry, fleshy v/hcn fresh, very oblique, mottled, w^idely spreading or a little retlexed. Proper stems aln.os: none, caespitose, with stipules mostly overlapping. Flowers few. 136 Salmonis. 2A. Pods not cartilaginous, mostly slightly fleshy when fresh, near- ly straight, almost linear, rarely at all mottled. Some of the stems with long internodes. Leaflets mostly sharp. 2AB. Stems slightly if at all branched and not densely tangled. Peduncles conspicuous and elongated (except in A. Ibapensis). Flowers greenish-white, with mostly sharp keel. 2ABC. Flowers and pods erect or ascending. Pedicels very short. Flowers in heads, or rarely spicate. 137 obscurus. 2AB2C. Pods reflexed or pendent, opening along both su- tures. Flowers mostly reflexed. Pedicels elongated and slender and much longer than the short bracts. Flowers several, in long racemes. 13S atratus. Flowers 1-2 at the ends of filiform peduncles shorter than the leaves. 139 Ibapensis. 2A2B. Stems densely and intricately branched forming broad mats a few inches high. Peduncles hidden among the leaves. Flowers few, purple, not stubby. Pods oblong, tri- quetrous in cross-section, flat-apiculate, straight. HO Panamintensic. 180 136. A8tr«fl«lu» Salmonis Jones Cont. 8 9 (1808). Referred to A. HourKovli l)y NVaisim and Oruy. Youn^ pods rather triquetrous in -Ti-v s«'ctlon, in nge renifonn, weakly attached to calyx aiul sessile or sipe half the calyx, abruptly contracted below, very oblitiuely oblonj;. ;t.((M* 2 cm. long, 5-7 mm. wide and high, stron;rly and closely cross- ribbed when fresh with the outer wall fleshy and pulpy and the inner wiHxly and the cavity tilled with pulp, the septum intruded half way, shallow and broadly sulcate nearly to tip and base, and canoe-shaped dorsally, rounded vi nfrally and the* thick suture raised when dry but not when fresh, the deltoid and very short tip about at ripht angles to dorsal suture and declined, seemingly glabrous but minutely i)ubescent, rarely pendt-nr, 1-.''. Flowers about 3 and loosely racemose, purple tinged, about 1 cm. long, broad. Banner nearly 1 cm. long, oblong- oval, deeply notched, veined from the back, the midrib purple and with .1 thickened groove on t ach side running two-thirds the way to tip, re- sembling Frasera glands, then the thin sides are retlexed 4r)0 from th** edge of the groove below but not :it tip, arched gently at end of calyx to 45°, dlrty-greenish-whlte with a purple tinge. Wings broadly linear. 2 mm. wide, roundetl. 8 mm. long and equaling the banner, erose. not narrowed above, arched at end of keel to 45o, concealing it. about flat and close-pre.ssed to it. Keel puri)le-tipped. sharply rounded to about l.Sno, obtu.se, short, straight, 4 mm. shorter than wings, about .'5 mm. high. Calyx 4-angled, the tube about 4 nun. long, barely wider above, oblique at base by the lower corner being cut «)IT and so seem- ing saccate, above, equally inserted, appressed-short-hairy and nigres- cent ; teeth subulate and about half as long, a little oblique at tip. Pedicels 2-4 mm. long, at least twice as long as the hyaline ovate brads. Peduncles subscapose, 1-2 dm. long, rather stout, ascending 1 > erect in flower and prostrate in fruit. Leaves 5-10 cm. long, very many and very narrow, witJi the stout petiole about one-third the whi le. Leaf- lets about 6 pairs, rather thick, 3-5 mm. long, elliptical and obtuse, mostly folded and appearing linear, seemingly sharp but mostly obtuse. Stems rarely 2-5 cm. long, many from a nmch branched and woody crown from a thick and erect root. Whole plant puberuleiit. (Growing on dry rocky ridges. Blue Sits. Oregon and vicinity. Middle Temperate life zone and in flower in early spring. 137. Astragalus obscurus Watson Bot. King G9 (1871). Pods .short- racemose, shortly-acuminate at both ends, broadly linear, about 2.5 ,-m. long and 3 nun. wide and high, rather trique trous-reniform in cro.ss section, inclined to be a irille laterally flattened, coriaceous and a liiile fleshy when fresh, not reticulated nor ribbed, both suturc^s raised ex- ternally and the ventral thickened when dry, often reddish but not mottled, narrowly and shallow sulcate dorsally, the dorsal suture vari- ably Intruded from a mere trace to nearly the width of the cavity, ashy with, clo.se pressed hairs as is the whole plant, sessile on a very stout pedicel about 2 mm. long which is about as long as bract, the .straight tip In line with the dorsal suture not declined. Flowers at first in heads then elongating a little, less than ten, al)out 8 mm. long. Banner oval, about 7 mm. long, abruptly and nearly erect from calyx tips, with sides reflexed about 1 mm. wide below only, filled by the very broad and large sulcus which is triangular and sharp and 2 nun. d. broader at tip, with conspicuous purple stripes radiating palmately from the end of the thick claw. Wings very obliquely obovate, a.scending 450, close pressed to keel below with the upper side concave to it and flaring and so the blade seems grooved along the middle, very obtu.se, rounded, shorter than the keel and narrower, about 1.5 mm. wide. Keel straight, with, tip very sharply rounded to erect and then ]w<>- duced into a straight and sharp or rounded tip, 3 mm. high, dark- yellow. Calyx a little obcorapressed at tip with broad simuses whitish tube, about 2 mm. long, with the triangular teeth about half as long. 181 oblique at base and fleshy, rather unequally inserted, nigresce)it. Peduncles 1-2 dm. long, longer than the leaves, erect in fruit, often decumbent in flower. Leaves 5-8 cm. long, numerous at the crowu, narrow, with petiole half to a third the whole. Leaflets 3-6 pairs, broadly linear to elliptical, or even some oval-obtuse, thick, most of them narrow, 3-10 mm. long. Stems with 2-3 slender internodes 2-5 cm. long, flexuous, prostrate, at length nearly erect, rather caespltose and tufted from a woody root. Often 2-3 dm. long. From Reno to Pal- isade and possibly Hawthorne, Nevada and vicinity to the Blue Mts. Oregon, growing in sagebrush and among Atrlplex confertifolia on plains and slopes. Middle and upper part of the Lower Temperate life zone, blooming ui late spring. Reported probably erroaeoufcly from Pnnaca, Nevada. The relationship of thi.s specie^ to A. ati''ntiiii is \ery close in some forms and thej' nearly always grow together or near b.v. 138. Astrngalus atratue Watson Bot. King 69 t. 11 (1871), Haroo»a Rydberg. A. atratus var. stenophyllus .Tones, var. arctus Sheldon. Pods from base to tipiii.ire narrowctl n{ hiise and distinctly stipitate in the calyx pendent at the end of an ascending or slightly reflex:ed pedicel, 2-2.5 cm. long, rarely 3 mm. high or wide, chartaceous, sulcate dorsally shortly acuidnate, linear, about as in A. ohscurus and septum as vari- able. Flowers whitish or dull-purple, about as in A. obscurus. but ban- ner notch.ed. about 1 cm. long, oval, arched abruptly to 60°-90° at calyx tips. Wings 2-lobed iu the type, narrowly oblong, arched, longer than the keel. Keel strongly arched from the base, about 3 mm. long, the tip erect and tasMTine-ncute jind little produced. Calyx long-cam- panulate, nigrestent, rather hyaline, narrowed below, about 3 mm. long, 2 mm. high, not gibbous, reflexed or sjireading, thrice as long as the sub- ulate to triangular teeth. Fruiting pedicels 4-G mm. long, very slender, often twi.S'ted very much longer than bracts. Racemes elongated, 5-10 flowered. Peduncles often a foot long and the rachis as much more, tapering tind strict. Leaves rarely 1 dm. long, with 3-7 pairs of (in the type) nearly flliform acute leaflets scattered or even absent on the upper leaves, 2-15 mm. long. Pubescence ashy and minute. Stems very slender, with one to few slender internodes. rather many and tufted from the woody base, decumbent. This is the common form grow- ing in the open. From Palisade, Nevada to Reno and probably south- ward to Death Valley, northward to the Snake river from Glenn's Ferry westward but not in the lower Columbia Basin proper. Grow- ing in the sagebrush in gravelly soil in valleys and low slopes. Lower Temperate life zone. Blooms in May. The plants reported from Pine Valley, Mts. Utah by Parry are A. stratureusis. The species as described and riu;ur( d by WalS'Ui 'n Kiiu'-"^- }l"T>in m mislcjidimr , The basis of the type is the material from the Toyabe and Pah Ute Mts. Nevada, but the figure represents what the artist thought the species was and not what it was, no sucli leaves are found on any specimens?, and are an invention of the artist to repr-^sout what he thought the plant would be when fresh. This causod ilu> writer to err in describ- ing the var. stenophyllus as he took the figure to represent the species. Nelson's plant is tlie most slender and r.-inuiio-e kti.':. Tho lot fng of wings is v<>ry varir.ble. Astrzgaius atratus var. phyllophoVus Jones Cont. 10 62 (1002). This is ttie normal well developvd form of the species gi>3v.-ing in moist .soil. Pods abruptly acute and apiculate, about 3 mm. wide, inclined to be a little wi ler above, nearly round in cross section, appearing a trifle inflated. Wings about twice as long as keel and much wid^^r above and rather deeply lobed. as long as banner. Flowers fully 1 cm. loqg. Keel tip Incurved 100° aiul tip deltoid, (^alyx 4 mm. long, barely gibbous, narrowed below, teeth broadly trinngidiir, iibout one-tiUMrtev i'.s long as tube. Pe along in the grass of the meadows forming loose mats 'Often 3 feet in diameter in the most favorable places. First collected by me at Weiser, Idaho in 1900, then at Contact, Nevada in 1901 and in Oregon at Baker City in 1902. Because of its peculiar, pod I was holding it to detenuine its true place in the genus when Nelson published it in 191.3. Astragalus atratus var. mensanus .Tones Cont. 7 GG5 (1895). Pods narrowly oblong, about 2 cm. long and 3 mm. high, much laterally flat- tened, not sulcate dorsally, abruptly apiculate. Dorsal suture only a little intruded. Lower leaflets elliptical, upper linear.' Darwin Me«sa Inyo Co. California, Coville. 139. Astragalus Ibapensis Jones Cont. 3 290 (1893). Atelopi-ragma Rydberg. Pods aboat 12 nun. long and 3 mm. wide and high, round in cross section, abruptly apiculate, broadly linear, a trifle wider above, apparently with dorsal suture a little intruded, but not sulcate. Flowers About as in A. atratus, the wings rather fanshaped and about as long as banner and a little longer than keel which is straight along the base and then abruptly arched to 45°, rarely 90° and triangular acuto and. purple-tipped and about 3-4 nmi. long. Calyx tube campanulate and equally inserted, 2 mm. l"ng, ascending, the deltoid teeth hardly half as long, ashy. Slender pi dieels about 3 mm. long and much longer than tlie minute ovate bract, rioral rachis not over 1 cm. lone:, zigzag, \\i'^h 2-3 bracts. Peduncles about 3 cm. long, axill.ary in the 3-5 upper nodes. Leaves 3-4 cm. long, with petiole 1-2 cm. long and not tapering. Leaf- lets 1-5 linear-elliptical, the lateral ones 1 cm. or le.ss long, obtuse, flat thin , petiolulate and jointed, to rachis, the terminal one twice as long and not jointed to rachis, all the upper leaves reduced to the single terrrjinal leaflets which ^,e 2-3 cm. long and linear-acuminate, or with a minute side leaflet at the base. Stems almost filiform, about a fo'i long, simple, several from the crown of an erect and fleshy root. AH but the lowest internodes 2-3 cm. long. Deep Creek (Ibapah) Utah on sagebru.sh plains. Lower Temperate life zone. No. 1084 Gooding from 183 Juab, Utah soems to be the same. 140. Astragalus Panamintensis Sheldon in Coville Death Valley Itep. 87 (ISO;!). Tods about l.H cm. lonjr, 3 mm. high and 2 mm. wide, iU'shy when fresh witii walls about Vz mm. thick })ut cuttinj? hard, coriaceous when dry, rather deeply snlcate aionj: the middle but not at all at eithior end, with septum intruded nearly through below but not at tip, jointed to calyx and almost sessile, minutely purplish-mottled, faintly cross-ribbed, ashy, with ventral suture conspicuously thickened and raised, th<> tip straight and almost in the middle, cross section Y- shaped when dry, mostly single at the ends' of the filiform peduncles. Flowers 1.2-1.5 cm. long, not broad, white, tipped with purple, banner oval-ovate, about 1 cm. long, abruptly arched to 90° at calyx tips, sides not refiexed, groove narrowly-V-shaped and extending to tip; white spot tridentate and oblong, waterlined only. Wings 2 mm. wide, 3 mm. longer than keel obliquely spatulate, convex to keel, expanded part mostly beyond keel, rounded, white below and purple above. Keel about 2 mm. long and high, arched to a half circle from very base, obtuse, bellied below. Calyx tube nigrescent, a trifle arched, the lower sidi> barely concave and the upper side convex, not cleft deeper iibove, narrowly campanulate , about 4 mm. long and 2 mm. high, neither oblique nor truncate below. Teeth, subulate and about as long. Pedi- cels 2-3 mm. long, slender. Twice as long as the ovate bracts. Peduncles v.-eak, arched, 3-5 cm. long. Leaves 7-12 cm. long, with filiform rachis. Ijeallets 4-5 pairs, 4-12 mm. long, linear to almost Ji.'iform, acute at both ends, rather falcate. Stems rather short and very slender, 4-15 cm." long with internodes 7-10 mm. long, woody at base, the tips erect. Pubescence of whole plant rather dense and iioary with short and appressed hairs. Growing in broad mats on clifi-^. Lower Temperate life zone, in canons. Panamint Mis., California. Tlic old stems endure from year to year and the old gray petioles help t;i give the whole a lirdsnest api)earance. 1S4 16 STKIGILOSI. Pods oliart:i('»i'U> to l»H[)ery. ]>Mi\e, linear t(» oval, stipuafe (almost sessile in A. reptans ami (Jobrensis, and fully so in ]>Iatytropifi), inflated (scarcely so in A. recurvus ami slraturensis), with cross-section triquetrous to rouml, wiiii ventral suture the more arched or if it is concave toward the end then the tip is declined (except in A. Cobreiisis). Flowers about horizontal, small (large and 2 cm. long in A. re})taMH), rarely 1 cm. long, white or whiti^^h (banner rarely purple), with campauulate calyx and trianguhir teeth uiost- ly about as long as tube. Peduncles slender, at least as long as the leaves (sometimcH iihorter in A. Tolucanus). Leaves slender, eiiort-petioied (long-petiolcd in A. platytropis), with rather niany pairs of leaflets which are narrowly to broadly el!ij)tical (sometimes linear in A. Brandegei), obtuse and luwstly thin, nearly contiguous (except in A. recurvus and Brandegei). Stij)- tiles connate below (free in A. ^traturensis and lirandeaei). Sterna slender to filiform, decumbent to weakly erect (cr«^eping and rooting in A. reptans), flexuous, with rather many intt rnod^'s (almost none in A. platytropis). Tufted perennials {:\. Brande- gei is a winter annual) of the Middle Temperate to ibe Tiopical life zones (A. platytropis appears as if subalpine). This rather loosely inter-related group is closely connected with the Atrnti but lacks the very narrow rakish leaves and aborting h afl-'ts ai.d rigid petioles, etc. The species are all southern (except A. i»Uty- tropis), reaching only to central Utah, growing among jiinc for- ests and junipers mostly and rarely in oak brush. A. platytrops grows iii rich soil in coniferous open forests, and reptans eeems to grow in rich and open warm meadows. KEY A. Pods linear, curved, papery, not inflated, not wider above, evident- ly stipitate, aboui: 1.5 cm. long and 2-3 mm. hign, triquetrous in cross- section, and sulcate dorsally. Flowers rather many, racemose, broad, about 7 mm. long. Calyx tube about 2 mm. , acute at base, with teetii nearly as long as tube. Peduncles in the upper axils and about 1 dm. long and with floral rachis 1-2 dm. long in addition. Pedi^eli 1-2 mm. long, and nearly equaled by the ovate bracts. Leaflets narrow. Stems densely tufted and 1-3 ft. long, with rather many internodes 3-8 ^m. ong. Recurvi, ^85 PodB convex along the ventral suture and so seeming wrong side up. Leaflets nearly linear, 5-t mm. long. Wings only equaling keel. 141 recurvus. Pods straight or slightly upcurved. Leaflets lanceolate or wider, 1-2 cm. long. Wings longer th«n keel. 142 straturcnsis. 2A. Pods oblanceolate to oval, inflated, shortly acute to npiculate, r.ot over S mm. wide when broad, with cross-section round to oblate ind inclined to be somewhat obcompressed, rarely sulcate and then very broadly so. 2AB. Flowers racemose, 3-8 mm. long. 2ABC. Flowers rather many, 5 10 cm. long. Pods linear-oblong, sulcate dorsally and obcompressed, acute, on a stipe at least as long as calyx, about 1.5-2 cm. long, little if at all wider above. 143 strigulosus. 2AB2C. Flowers 1-4, 3-4 mm. long, scattered along a filiform ra- chis, on long pedicels. Pods oblong-obeonical, apiculate. on a minute stipe, wider above, about 1 cm. long. 144 Brandegei. 2A2B. Pods nearly globose to oval, conspicuously inflated, 2-3 crn. lonj, capitate. Stems slender, with imbricated stipules. 145 platytropis. 2A3B. Flowers in heads or very short spikes. Pods smooth, oblong, about 1.5 cm. long, chartaceous, evidently a little inflated. Leaflets broad or large. 2A3BC. Stems not creeping. Flowers not over 1 cm. long. 2 A3BCD. Leaflets rather thick. Pods quite oblique, with upturned mucro. Flowers white to cream-colored, 5-7 cm. long, with purple-tipped keel. Plants nearly erect, from slender root branches'. 146 Cobrensis. 2A3BC2D. Stems very slender and nearly prostrate. Leaflets very thin. Pods scarcely oblique, stipitate. Banner purple-veined above and purple-tinged on the sides which are rcflexed along the middle. Wings white-tipped. Flowers 1 cm. long, 10-20, in a dense oblong head which becomes a short spike in fruit. Keel purple-tipped. Stems 2-3 ft. long. Flowers 1 cm. long. Calyx teeth subulate, 2-3 mm. Ions. 147 Guatamalensis. Calyx teeth minute and deltoid. 148 Painteri. Stems hardh 2 dm. long. Flowers 7 mm. long. 149 Tolucanus. 2A3B2C. Stems slender, decum.bent. Leaflets thin, narrowly oblong, about 2 cm., long. Pods nigrescent, papery, 1 cm. long, nearly sessile, rather oblique. Flowers closely rc- flexed, spicate, about 4 mm. long. 150 Rosei. 2A3B3C. Stems creeping, and rooting at the nodes. Leaves ong-petioled. Flowers cream-colored and rcflexed. 151 reptans. I8tt 141 Attrtgalus recurvus Greene Hull. Cal. Acad. 3 155 (1885). Po is ai)oat S liim. high, sulcate nearly to the middle and with sep- tum intruded almost to the ventral suture, with wavy margins, taper- ing into a stipe shorter than the calyx and triangular-acute with the tip following th« curve of the dorsal suture which is conspicuously con- cave and the ventral very convex, making the pod much recurved. Flow- c. s dull-white. Banner oval, abruptly arched to erect at end of caly.x, about 3 mm. long, with sides reflexed a little at base, the blade fan- ve>ne 1 with purple and with purplish sides much as in A. obscurus, barcy surpassing wings and keel. Wings very obliquely obovate and about 3 mm. long and Z mm. wide, whitish at tip, arched till tips are nearly erect. Keel arched from base to a half circle and with the tri- angular and acutish tip erect, or the wliole keel nearly erect and tri- angular, about 3 mm. long and high, darker at tip. Caly.x tube etiually attached on pedicel and not obli(|ue. Peduncle and floral ra- chis about equal. Leaves hardly 1 dm. long. Leaflets distant, about 8 pairs, about linear, 5-8 mm. long. .Stipules connate. Stems about a foot high, decumbent below, minutely pubescent. This was first col- lected by Palmer at Prescott. It grows in the open pine forests of the Mogollons of northern Arizona from Prescott to Flagstaff and th« Grand Cinon. .Mddie Temperate life zone. Blooms in summer. 142 Astragalus stratureniis Jones Gout. 8 19 (1898). Pods arcu- ate upward or .-.craight, but the tip with a convex hump along the ven- tral suture and declined, papery, about 2 mm. high and 3 mm. wide, with cross-section rather oblately deltoid-rcniform, rather abruptly contracted at base into a .stipe at least as long as calyx, and abruptly and very obliquely apiculate at tip, sulcate to the middle and with the septum extended to the ventral suture which is not wav}' on the mar- gin. Flowers in racemes which are often twice as long as the peduncle, many, with deep-purjde banner, white wings and purple-tipped keel. Banner broadly ovate, about 4 mm. long, notched, abruptly arched at calyx tips to 45 to 60 degrees, streaked with heavy purple lines within which are lighter on the outside: groove broad and shallow and about a third of a circle at base and nearly vanishing above; while spot hard- ly evident except when color is deep; sides of banner reflexed 1 mm. wide below and but little above. Wings arched at keel tip to 45 de- grees, oblong-ovate, barely acutish, darker below, about 3 mm. Ions; and 1 mm. shorter than banner and 1 mm. longer than keel. 1-2 mm. wide, concave to keel, one is vertical, the other horizontal and spread- ing. The keel extends about 2 mm. beyond calyx, arched to about two thirds of a circle, short-triangular, acutish, with straight base. Calyx tube nearly hemispherical, not gibbous, a trifle flattened above, slightly unc(jually attached. Fruiting rachis often a foot long. Leaves about 1 dm. long. Leaflets about 6 pairs, normally elliptical to lance- olate (rarely some of the lower ones oval), obtuse to retuse. generally folded, 1-2 cm. long, long-petiolulate, cuneate at base, lighter below, appearing as if glaucous, almost smooth. -Stipules triangular, green, reflexed, not connate, small. Stems often 3 ft. long and straggling, slender, nearly simple from an open base, with internodes 2-7 cm. long. This grows in the Pine Valley mountains Utah, among oak brush, on southern slopes, blooming in May, Middle Temperate life zone. It is po«;sible that this is an extreme form of .A. strigulosus var. breviden- tatus. 143 Astragalus strigulosus TLB.K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6 494 (1824). pods about 4 mm, wide, about 2 cm. long in the type, triangular-acute at both end^ and with a flat deltoid beak ending iu the long subulate • tyle, variably pointer!, inclined to be ashy, speckled, with dorsal su- ture somewhat intruded. Flowers rather densely racemose, even spi- cate seemingly when young, many in the type, whitish, and inclined to be yellowish when dry. Banner almost round, about 3 mm. long, abruptly arched to erect or more at end of calyx tube, and thus even the keel seems to protrude beyond it, with sides much reflexed. The wings lincar-oblinceolate, wavy, narrowed at tip, almost acute, about 1 mm, wide, much narrower than keel, fully as long as banner and U7 somewhat ascending, connivent at tip, much longer tlian keel, keel about 1 mm. longer than caly.x, with straight or slightly arched base, and tip abruptly rounded to more than erect so that the deltoid acute apex does not seem at the end, it is also a little darker. Calyx , in the type, about black with dense and appressed hairs, rather gibbous, and ihe tube rather long-campanulate, about 3 mm. long, deeper and broad- I3' cleft above, the triangular teeth half as long as tube or a little more, thelo\sei the longer. Fruiting pedicels 2-5 mm. long, nearly etiualed by the subulate bracts. Peduncles 1-2 dm. long, rather stout, with the floral rachis rarely 1 dm. long, but often 2 dm. long in fruit. T.eaflct? broadly to narrowly elliptical, obtuse to retuse, 8-12 pairs, 2 cm. long or less, loosely strigose-pubescent with spreading fine hairs. L-ower stipules connate, reflexed above. Stems ascending to erect, very sul- cate, about 2 ft. high, rather coarse. Plants growing in gravelly mead- ows in the forests. Middle Temperate life zone, from southern Xtw -Mexico southward throughout Mexico and westward to the Sierra Madres. Astragalus itrigulosus var. gracilis Hemsley P)ot. Cent. .Am. 1 266 (I88I)). This is a less pubescent form with rather few oblong pods and with racemes rarely over 5 cm. long, and shorter peduncles and slender stems. This is the more common form northward. Astragalus strigulosus var. brevidentatus Hemsley 1. c. A. Rusbyi Greene. This is an almost smooth form with linear pods about 3 cm. long, uncolored and smooth, with loosely racemose flowers about 5 mm. long. Calyx teeth deltoid and a third to a fourth the ashy tube. Leaflets oval to narrowly elliptical, rarely 1 cm. long. Frequent in the San Francisco forest of northern .\rizona and eastward to the Sac- ramento mountains of .Mew Mexico, southward to central Mexico. It it seems quite distinct but intergrades freely with the other forms. 144 Astragalus Brandegci Porter Fl. Col. 24 (1874). Pods papery, rounded at tip, apprcsscd-hoary to puberulent, reflexed but appearing ascending when the peduncles are prostrate, very few and widely scat- tered, 1-1.5 cm. long, 4-7 mm. wide, about 3 mm. high, very shallow- sulcate, narrowed below, filled with the few large seeds, with uneven sides due to the bulging sutures, neither suture prominent but the dor- sal straight and pod flat on that side, the ventral suture arched, cross- section a flattened oval, septum not quite complete toward the tip. Flowers white. Banner arched abruptly at end of calyx teeth to 9U- 100 degrees, oval, 1 mm. longer than keel, 4 mm. long, about 3 mm. wide, deepb' notched, the groove forming a very broad arc of a circle and with a fine cleft along the middle, sides reflexed for about one half mm. wide on the margins so that the banner is almost taken up by the groove which is 2 mm. wide and goes to the base of blade. The wings oblong-obUnceolate, broad, arched to 60 degrees, a trifle longer than keel and concave to it, the left hand one flaring and the other one folded over the keel's end. Keel very short, straight, with tip sharjily incurved to 135 degrees, barely surpassing calyx, 2 mm. high, with the purple tip erect and produced but barely acute. Calyx tube turbinate, hairy, a little shorter than the subulate and spreading teeth, not over 2 mm. long. Pedicels slender, 4-7 mm. long. Bracts minute and ovate. Peduncles erect, flexuous, much longer than the leaves, 1-2 •dm. long, filiform and weak. Leaves 5-7 cm. long, very lax and with distant leaflets which are linear but appear filiform (because they are folde.'). about 5 pairs, involute, smooth above, 1-2 cm. long. Stipules adnate. apparently free, green, large for the plant. .Stems densely caes- pilose and much branched at very base, prostrate, almost filiform, many, straggling outward a foot or two, flexuous, from slender, erect roots This is one of the most delicate Astragali. It grows in sard, gravel, and clay, abounds under oak brush on the slopes of the Wa- satch plateau and grows luxuriantly in abandoned fields in open i)laces in poor clay soil. Middle Temperate life zone, and running down a- long streams into ths Lower. From Canon City Colorado to the Wa- satch plateau and southw.-ird to the Mogollons New Mexico. It is in bloom in June. This species has the same prolix habit of the hxst var. of A. atratus. 188 145 Astragalui platytropis Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 526 (1865). Pods dark-puberulent. ^onletinlcs smooth when ripe, mostly mottled, oval to oblong-oviil, very thin and papery, a little obcompressed when fresh. rouHded at both ends, shortly apicuiate at tip, not oblique, with dorsal suture the more arched, a little sulcate at both sutures, straight, completely 2-celled by papery partition, with cross-section oval. Flow- ers dull-white to lead-pur|)le. about 7-8 mm. long. Banner dirty-white and tinged with yellow, or varying to light-lead-purjde, bent abruptly at calyx tube to 45 degrees, concave, hooded at tip by the contraction of the groove, about 7 mm. long, a trifle wider below but about rounil, notched at midrib and often with additional ones at tip on each side; groove very broadly V-shaped: sides reflexed a little, purple-veined opposite the calyx mouth. Wings arched and exposing the whole keel, obliquely lanceolate-oblong, obtuse, turned out and horizont.tl so that they form with the keel the letter T. Keel broad, with straight base and then abruptly erect and 3 mm. high, the tip truncate and purple, about as long as banner and wings or about I mm. shorter. Cab'x tube campanulate, about 2 mm. long, nigrescent, the teeth subu- late and a little shorter than the tube. Pedicels very short to 2 mm. long. P.racts mostly longer than the pedicels, ovate to Irn^eolate, mi- nute. Peduncles scapose, filiform, 3-8 cm. long, capitately few-flow- ered. Leaves 3-8 cm. long, narrow, much as in A. calycosus, the pet- iole mostly longer than the rachis. Leaflets 3-6 pairs, 7-10 mm. long, elliptical to obovate, acute to apicuiate. Stipules ovate, acuminate, large. Stems almost none, densely' small-tufted, from a thick, fleshy xtry long root. Pubescence silvery-silky. This grows in gravel on dry and rocky ridges for the most part, from the Upper to the Middle Temperate life zone. Rare. .Sonora Pass Cal., I'rewer; Bcaverhcid Co. Mont, Tweedy; Aurum and Sprucemont Nevada and Mt. Ibapah Utah, Jones. 146 Astragalus Cobrensis Gray PI. Wr. 2 43 (1853). Pods oblong. 1-1.5 dm. long, 4-7 mm. wide, about 2-3 mm. high, chartaceous, ahnost sessile, abrui-tly rounded at both ends, conspicuously obcomprcs.-ed, convex to near the tip and concave at the tip, sulcate dorsally and the ventral suture somewhat raised and rather thick, septum a little pro- duced. I'lowers rather many, densely short-spicate but the fruit race- mose though the fruiting rachis is rarely 5 cm. long. Lanner oval, abruptly arched at end of calyx teeth to 45-90 degrees, 3-4 mm. long, a little longer than wings, with sides reflexed about a half mm. wide. Wings oblong-obovate, a little arched, 1-2 mm. wide, about 1 mm. lon- ger than keel. Keel abruptly incurved to nearly a half circle, obtuse, wide. Calyx not oblique, nigrescent, 1-2 mm. long, broadly campanu- late, acute at base, equally inserted, the subulate and curved teeth ful- ly as long as tube. Pedicels 1-2 mm. long, stout, about as long as the rigid and triangular bracts. Peduncles hardly as long as the leaves, rather stout. 10-l5-flowered. Leaves 4-10 cm. long,. Leaflets 6-10 pairs, 5-10 mm. long, nearly contiguous, about oval-obovate and most- ly notched flat, about smooth. Stipules connate below. Stems hardly a foot long, erect, fle.KUOus, with intcrnodes shorter than the leaves, several from a much branched and slenrler root. Pubescence minute and appressed. This species grows in sandy soil among juniper'^. Low- er Temperate life zone from the Catalina Mts. Arizona to the Cobres of New Mexico and southward to Coahuila. 147 Astragalus Guatamalensis Hemsley Bot. Cent. Am. 1 264 (1880). Pods oblong, about 1,5 cm. long, 7 mm. wide, 4 mm. high, ob- cop.ipressed, deeply sulcate dorsally, nearly ■2-celled, with septum in- truded about one half mm. wide as a thin edge, pod a little concave in middle along the ventral suture but convex at both ends with the short apiculation in the middle of the end or a little below it and rather de- clined, abruptly contracted at both ends, (in the type) on a stipe much shorter than the calyx, finely cross-nerved, rather coriaceous. Banner about 8 mm. long, oval, abruptly arched at end of calyx to 45 degrees. 2-3 mm. longer than wings. Wings oblong, rather narrowed above, a Irifle arched, about 1 mm. wide and 1 mm. longer than keel. The keel .straight, about 4 mm. long, then abruptly erect, triangular and acutish and about 3 mm. high. Calyx tube about hemispherical, 3 mm. long an('. svide, appearing inflated, rounded at the fleshy base and about e- qiuiliy inserted, cleft deeper above but barely oblique above, the sinus- es \€ry l)road, and the subulate teeth about 2-3 mm., long and very slender, nigrescent. Pedicels in flower stout and very short, longer than ihc very papery, white and subulate bracts, but becoming J 3 im. long and even slender in fruit. Peduncles nearly filiform, spre:id- ing, often a foot long. Leaves about 1 dm. long, weak, with lax and ta- p.ring petioles and rachis, widely spreading. Leaflets 12-15 pain, el- -iptical, truncate to notched at tip and apicuhue, 7-10 mm. long and about half as wide, minutely pubescent along the margins and midrib. Stipules very thin and papery, subulate, about 1 cm. long or less, uni- ted below. Stems 2-3 ft. long, straggling upward and rather freely Ir. inched. This grows in barrancas ( canoii-.) in the mountains in ra- ther moist places from Oaxaca and Hidalgo Mexico to Guatamala in the Middle Temperate life zone. It i-, probably A. bidentatus H. U.K. a very uncertain species because only the figure remains to represent the species, and we know that these were not always accurate in some cases of well known species. Astragalus Guatamalensis var. Oaxacanus (Rosei Jqnes. A. Oaxa- canus Rose in herb. This is a form with smooth, oblong-oval pods on a stip.e .longer than the calyx. Bracts triangular, 5-8 mm. long. Leaf- lets elliptical to na.rrowly oblong-ovate, often ashy. This is Pringie's No. 6264 from Oaxaca. It has the same elongated and slender stems w hich are decumbent, broad leaflets, and blunt pods of the type. It is the common form in Mexico from the states of Hidalgo, Mexico, and Oaxaca. Astragalus Guatamalensis var. Lozani (Rose) Jones. A, Lozani Ro.-c in lierb. .Stems a foot high, ascending, slender, freely branched, from underground branches of the root. Leaves 5-7 cm. long, with about 10 pairs of small leaflets which are oval to elliptical and rarely 2 cm. long. Internodes 2-5 cm. long. Pods the same as in the other variety but ashy as well as the whole plant. Bracts hardly as long as the calyx tube. Sierra de Pachuca Hidalgo ^Mexico, Pringie's No. 69.'i5 July 28 1898, 9000 ft. alt. Middle Temperate life zone. The type is the National Herb. No. 462652. Also collected by Nelson in Oaxaca, No 1940, Nov. 12 1894. Zacatecas Mexico, Rose, Aug. 26 1897, Nat. Herb No. 301562. Astragalus Guatamalensis can be 'separated from extreme forms of A. strigulosus only by the flowers being in heads, and by the broad- er and blunt pods. It is described as having sessile pods without par- tition and with creeping stems, but this not true of the specimens cited by the author in his description. Both species have the narrow sep- tum going part way across from the dorsal suture. 148 Astragalus Painteri Rose in herb. This is like the preceding species but the calyx teeth are minute and de'toid and about a (luarter as long as tube, stipules subulate and not at all connate. Pods open- ing only along the dorsal suture, about 1.5 cm. long, oblong oval, trun- cate at base, abruptlj' apiculate-acute at tip, n.u h obcompressed and broadly sulcate dorsally but not at all ventr; ly, smooth, strongly cross-nerved, inflated, chartaceous, with septu :. intruded about a half mm. high. Ventral suture much thickened, raised and white. St'pe a little, shorter than calyx. Flowers white but purple-tinged, about 1 cm. long, in heads ancl soon reflexed. Banner oval, about 5 mm. long, arched to 45 degrees beyond calyx tips, with sides reflexed 1 rnjii. wide in the middle, about 1 mm. longer than wing.'<. Wings arched a little, lanceolate, about 2 mm. wide in ths middle. 2 mm. longer tha i keel. Keel half-rhomboidal, very obtuse, about 3 mm. high, purple tipped. Calyx about hemispherical, 3 mm. long, rounded at ba5e and inserted near the corner, minutely nigrescent, about twice as long a> the triangular and white bracts. Teetii variable but mostly very short. 1 'JO Peduncles slender, strict, about 1 dm. long, a little longer than leaves. Lea\ek about 1 dm. long, the upper nearly sessile, with 10-12 pairs of elliptical-ovate leaflets which are about 1 cm. long, obtusish, fiat, not contiguous, smooth or rarely ashy. Stems 3-5 ft. long, prostrate or ascending, with slender internodes 3-5 cm. long, (shorter in smaller plants), flexuous. Stipules hyaline and conspicuously connate. Sier- ra de -Vjusco Morales Mexico, May 26 1898, Middle Temperate life zone, Pringle's \o. 6861, Xat. Herb. 462653. It was also got by .\'el- son in the valley of Daxaca Sept. 20 1894 No. 1427 in the Lower Tem- perate life zone. This form has peduncles 2-3 dm. Ion;;. 15 pairs of leaflets, stipules 1 cm. long, flowers short-spicate. Other localities by Rose are Tres Marias Morales Julv 4 1901 No. 395071, and E\ Parquc Morales Sept. 21 1903 Xo. 450817. 149 Astragalus Tolucanus Rob & Seat. Proc. Am. AcAd. 28 104 (1893). Pods about 1 cm. long, rounded at both ends, oblong-oval, little if at all sulcate. on a tapering stipe about as long as calyx, appar- ently membranous, probably pendent on the reflexed stipe and spieate, with septum a little intruded. Flowers about 20, ascending. Banner ovate to oblong, about 7 mm. long, gently arched to erect from the end of caly.K tube, about 2 mm. longer than wings and 5 mm. longer than keel. Wings about 1-2 mm. wide, narrowly oblong, ascending concealing keel. Keel with straight base, barely 3 mm. long, thick, the tip abruptly erect and almost square and 2 mm. high. Calyx tube campanulatc, about 4 mm. long and 3 mm. high, nearly truncate at base and a little unequally attached, hyaline and speckled with minute and black hairs, cleft deeper above and with teeth uneciual but broadly tri- angular and nearly as long as tube. Pedicels slender, 2-3 mm. long, much shorter than the rather stalked, ovate, foliose bracts which often equal the calyx but are rather hyaline below and 4-10 mm. long. Pe- duncles mostly shorter than the leaves, stout for the plant, sulcate, as thick as the stems. Leaves 4-6 cm. long, vtry short-petioled, lax. The Leaflets 8-15 pairs, oval to oblong-elliptical, 4-7 mm. long, smooih above, inclined to be broader below and with cuneate base, .'^tipules conspicuous, hyaline, the upper the largest, lanceolate, about 7 inn.. long. .Stems weak and filiform, very many, from a thick crown, hard- ly 2 dm. long, branched, nearly prostrate. Internodes about 2 cm. long. Whole plant nearly smooth except the nigrescent calyx and bracts. This is a delicate and low plant related to A. Guatamalensis. Middle Temperate life zone, growing among pines on mountain sides in the Nevada de Toluca state of Mexico. The broad calyx lobes and bracts are peculiar. 150 Astragalus Rosei N. Sp. Pods about 3 mm. high and 4 min. wide, closely reflexed, convex along both sutures, specially ;it tip and base, obtuse at both ends, but strongly apiculate at tip. so»;iewhat in- flated, oblong, the ventral side rather triquetrous, the dorsal flattened a little and very broadly sulcate along the middle making the cross- section tricjuetrous-reniform, the septum little intruded as a very thin partition, hlowers stubby, purplish. Banner very broad and much recurved, not over 4 mm. long, often surpassed by the wings which are narrowly-oblong and somewhat longer than the keel. Keel obliciuely ovate and about 3 mm. high and erect or arched to a half circle, obtuse, conspicuous. Calyx campanulate, the tube 3 mm. long, cleft deeper above, with the lower side straight and the upper arched and inserted near the low^er corner, nigrescent with very short and close-pressed hairs. Teeth subulate from a dtltoid base, about half as long as tube. Bracts Un-eolate, hyaline, 4-5 mm. long. Pedicels almost none. Pe- duncles slender, 6-10 cm. long, in the upper axils, the floral rachis 3-5 cm. long. Stems flexuous, a foot or so long, probably perennial. The leaves about 1 dm. long, nearly sessile, with about 10 pairs of oblong, rounded and rather long-petiolulaie leaflets which are nearly smooth. Stipules about 5 mm. long, triangular, free above. This has ths habit and general appearance of A. Brandegei, but the pods have the general shape and look of the Guatamalensis group, though they are nearly 191 sessile. Above Dos Rios in the state of Mexico, Sept. 4 1904 by Ro.s« and Painter, Nat. Herb. No. 451)372. 151 Astragalus reptans Willd. Hort. Berol. 2 88 t. 88 (1816). Pods oblong-oval, aliout 1.5 cm. long, 7 mm. wide, rounded and ab- ruptly apiculate at tip, almost sessile and splitting the calyx, inclined to be a little v/ider above, scarcely oblique, little if at all sulcate, a little obcompressed, but cross-section nearly round, partly 2-celled. Flowers in a short spike and closely ref lexed, , cream-colored at least when dry, about 1.5 cm. long, rather many. Banner oblanceolate, ob- tuse, about 1 cm. long, but little arched, 1 mm. longer than wings, with sides reflexed about 1 midi. wide. Wings oblanceolate, obtuse, 2 mm, wide, narrowed above, about 4. mm. longer than keel, straight. The keel obtuse, about 2 mm. wide, 4 mm. long, not colored, with the erect •tip >iraight. Calyx tube sliort-cylindric, about 5 dm. long, 3 mm. wide, equally iittachci], with the lower corner cut off, very oblique below, thin, iiigrcsv-mt ; teeth triangular from a deltoid base, over half as long as tube, unequal, with narrow sinuses. Pedicels very short. The bracts are papery as in A^. (iuatamalensis, ovate to lanceolate, barely acute, 2-3 mm. long. Peduncles about a foot long, slender, from root- ing nodes. Leaves 1-1.5 ft. long, slender, with petioles nearly as long as the rachis. Leaflets smooth, narrowly elliptical, cuneate below, about 2 cm. long, thin and flat, 12-14 pairs, contiguous, 3-7 mm. wide, obtuse. Stipules large, connate-falcate, green. Stems 2-4 ft. long, creeping and rooting at the nodes, many, with internodes 4-10 cm. long. This grows on knolls in low meadows, valley of Mexico and Sierra de Las Cruces. Middle Temperate life zone. iy2 71 FLEXUOSI. Puds coriai-eoiH (rarely papery in A. Sileranus), rather fleshy when fresh, corrugated or cross-ribbed, with both sutures rather t.'iick atid prominent externally but not intruded (some- times a little intruded in A. Sileranus), wholly 1-celled, oval to nearly lineai-, oblique, liorizontal to reflexed on rather stout and short pedicels, ;,inclined to be sulcate ventrally and sometimes dor- sally, variously inflated (scarcely so in A. flexuosus and parviflo- rus). Flowers j)urple, racemose, with campauulate or rarely i^hort-cylindric calyx and short teeth. Leaves wide, nearly sessile. Leaflets '.i-iV })airs, narrow to elliptical, rather distant and loug- l)etiolulate, thick atid foldi-d, mostly retuse and about I cm. long (rarely more). Pubescence ashy throughout with minute, aj)- ])resse(l hairs fixed by the base and often tangled, the >-urface of the leaflets also rougliened. StipulcvS connate below, broad, ra- ther small. Stems blender, decumbent, much branched from tlie much branched crown of the erect and rather sleudcr ro >t. Per- ennials of the Lower and Middle Temperate life zmiics, growing ia gravelly soil in dry places. The natural place f' r tins group is just before the Collini but in a linear arrangement \i comes i ere. KEY A. Flowers small. Calyx campanulate. Pods small ornearly linear, rarely 3 mm. wide, cross-ribbed, scirccly inflated, about sessile. This approaches the A. sophoroides group in the pods but differs much in flowers and foliage. AB. Pods boat-shaped, hardly twice as long as ■wiie, strongly cross-ribbed, inclined to be bisulcatc ventrally, much ob- compressed, reflexed on twisted pedicels which are as long aa or longer than the bracts, the ventral suture about straight and the tip in line with it. 152 parviflorus. A2B. Pods narrowly oblong, 3-4 mm. wide or hijh, sometimes a little wider above, with cross lines faint and fine or pod minutely reticulated, walls thin-coriaceous. Pedicels slender, longer than the bracts, reflexed. Flowers about 1 cm. long. Calyx tube about 3 mm. long. Pods short-stipitate, about smooth, higher than wide, ventral suture not convex. Peduncles longer than leaves. 153 flsxuosuf. Pods seasile. ashy, 3 mm. wide and high, ventral suture conspicuously convex. Pedicels shorter than leaves. 154 Diehlii. 2A, Flowers h rf;e, bright-purple 2-3 cm. long. Calyx short-cyl- indric, atta^ cd by the lower corner, very oblique at tip and truncate bei /. 2AB, Pods h.t9,c, 2-3 cm. Ion ;, evidently inflated, mostly 1 cm. wide "or bi^h, very oblique, pendent, in short racemes. 193 Stems sparingly branched and strangling upward, 1-2 ft, high. 155 gracilentus. 2A23. Pods cylindrical, acute, about 2 cm. long, little oblique or much inflated, arcuate, sessile. 156 coriaceus. 2A3B Pods not cylindrical. Pods straight, ovate, stipitate. 157 Antoninus. Pods oblanceolate. 158 pinonis. Pods immature and very hairy. 159 Neomexicanus. 3A. Slender and prostrate plants with nearly simple stems 2-3 ft. long. Leaves distant, nearly sessile, divaricate. Peduncles long and divaricate. Flowers capitate. Pods rigid, 1-2.5 cm. long. 160 Sileranus. 152 Astragalus parviflorus (Pursh Fl. 474 as Dalea) MacAIillan ^letasperm. 325 (1892). A. microlobus Gray. Pods about oval, trian- gular-apiculate, about straight, 5 mm. long, by 3 mm. wide, barely 1 mm. high, in long racemes, refle.xed, on pedicels about 1 mm. long. Flowers pale barely 4 mm. long, many. Banner oval, abruptly bent at end of tube to erect, 3-4 mm. long, with sides reflexed most above. Wing? oblanceolate, rounded, flaring, concave to keel and arched to 45 degrees, longer than keel, but much shorter than banner. Keel a ched from base to a half circle and obtuse, barely 2 mm. long. All petals with exserted claws. Calyx hemispherical, about 1 mm. long, with deltoid teeth less than a third as long as tube. Peduncles 1 ft. or so long, narrower than the stems, rather appressed as well as the leaves, with flowers racemosely spicate on the upper half and ap- iires^ed till nearly mature then flowers spreading to reflexed. Leaves rarely 7 cm. long, with 2-4 pairs of narrowly linear leaflets nearly 2.5 cm. long. Stems weakly erect, almost filiform, 1-2 ft. long, with ra- ther long internodes. Park Co. Montana to Kansas, Minnesota and Missouri on prairies and plains, in May and June. Astragalus parviflorus var. microlobus (Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 203 1864 as species). This is a more robust and more branched form with pods often 8 mm. long, 3-5 mm. wide and 2 mm. high, and a little longer and narrower and somewhat arched and less obcompressed, the calyx tube is about 2 mm. long, the flowers 7-8 mm. long and the l)anner purple-striped. Leaflets 4-8 pairs, oblong to broadly linear or oblanceolate, rarely over 1 cm. long, mostly notched. .Stems rather spreading or subdecumbent and widely branched. This is the com- mon form central Montana to southwestern Kansas and Colorado, in the foothills on the Atlantic slope in Colorado. 253 Astragalus flexuoius Douglas in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 141 (1830). Pods 1-2.5 cm. long, short-stiiptate, rather rugulose, about smooth, in the type nearly round in cross-section or a little higher than wide, rather wider above, the ventral suture straight and not sulcata, the dorsal suture little or not at all sulcate, the triangular tip rarely 1 mm. long and is also straight and in line with the ventral su- ture. Flowers often purplish, in loose and rather short racemes. Hanncr oblong, abruptly arched beyond calyx teeth to 45-90 degrees, rot over 7 mm. long. Wings nearly as long as banner, arched, nar- rowly oblong, obtuse. Keel about 2 mm. shorter than wings, 3 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, with straight base and then abruptly arched to erect .•'.t the obtuse tip which is purple and 2 mm. high. Calyx tube about 3 1 im. long, triangular-campanulate, very oblique at tip, equally inserted, ;-hy or nigrescent, teeth deltoid or triangular, rarely one fourth as ' mg as tube. Pedicels 1-2 mm. long, rather longer than the ovate I'facts. Peduncles 1-3 dm. long, (the rachis often as much more in fruit), longer than the leaves, slender, somewhat spreading, in all but 194 the lo'vx est axils, tapering. Leaves 5-7 cm. long, about twice as long as the internodes, nearlj^ sessile. Leaflets rather truncate to notched, iiiostly linear-cuneate, sometimes cuncate-oblong, the upper pairs on ihe rachis a little shorter, 8-10 pairs, about 1 cm. long, rarely 2 cm. .ong, long-petiolulaie, stibalternate, thickish, the upper sides less pu- beruient. Stems 1-2 ft. high, flexuous, bushy-branched, inclined to be decumbent, very open, from slender and often underground root bran- ches. Stipules rigid, triangular, reflexed, the upper about 5 mm. long. ■The type is the common form from Colorado and central New Mexico .in the Sierra Blanca and northward to the Saskatchewan and Nebras- ka on dry foothills and prairies. It also occurs or the Pacific slope at Durango Colorado (Diehl). Middle Temperate life zone. This varies toward A. gracilentus at the south but flowers smaller and pods rarely inflated. Astragalus flexuosus var. elongatus (Hook. Fl. Bor Am. 1 140 1830 as Phaca;. Pods sulcate at both sutures, conspicuously tapering and much obcompressed at base, arcuate, barely 3 mm. wide. Flowers smaller and white Leaflets cuneate-oblong. This is the common form fro.n Montana northward, though sporadic plants occur through the entire region. Astragalus fls.iuosus var. Fendleri (Gray) Jones Cont. 10 62 (1902). Phaca Fendlen viray PI. Fend. 36 (1849;. Pods straight, rather larger above, with both sutures convex and about equallj' so, tapering at base, smooth, on a stipe half as long as the calyx, rather rounded at tip and apiculate, with chartaceous walls, few, mostly in short racemes, about round in cross-section, a little sulcate. pendent. Flowers purple. Ca- lyx lobes minute. Leaflets elliptical to narrowly oblong. Glenwood .Springe to Salida and southward to Durango Colorado among juni- pers. Upper edge of the ^Middle Temperate life zone. 154 Astragalus Diehlii N. Sp. Pods 1-1.5 cm. long, sessile, pen- dent, oblong, ashy, about 3 mm. wide and high, about straight or the dorsal suture a little concave, obtuse at both ends or only triangular- apiculate at tip, rarely a trifle narrower below, cross-section obovate to a little cordate, ventral suture conspicuously convex (the pods ap- pearing wrong side up), the tip in line with the dorsal suture or nearly so, surface ashy. Flowers about 7 mm. long, light-colored. Pedun- cles shorter than the leaves and mostly half as long as the floral rachis but rarely forms occur with longer peduncles. Leaves about 5-7 cm. long. Leaflets 5-9 pairs, cuneate-linear, 1-1.5 cm. long. Stems very tortuous, from slender underground branches of the thick and woody crown of the strong and erect root. Adobe plains at l'"arnham Utah as to the type. Lower Temperate life zone. This may be only an ex- treme form of A. flexuosus. 155 Astragalus gracilentus Gray PI. Fend. 36 (1849) as Phacp. and Proc. Am. Acad. 6 22i (1864). Pods sessile, half-elHptical, 1.5-1.8 cm. long, 4 mm. high, 3 mm. wide just below the middle, finely reticu- lated, little rugulose, shortly acuminate and apiculate, not sulcate.' mi- nutely hairy, with cross-section triangular-ovate, the ventral suture straight or nearly so and tip in line with it, splitting the calyx and rounded at base, on pedicels about 2 mm. long, and with minute bracts on the rach.is. P'lowers about 1 cm. long, shortly racemose, ascending when young. Banner oval, about 5 mm. long, abruptly arched to erect at end at calyx teeth and 2-2> mm. longer than k«el. Wings narrow and a little longer than keel. Keel with straight base, then abruptly erect and 3 mm. high, about 4 mm. long, the tip triangular and apicu- late. Flowers rather stubby. Calyx tube 3 mm. long, the triangular and very unequal teeth about half as long as tube, cleft much deeper above, slightly oblique at base, half as wide as long, ashy with slightly spreading hairs. Peduncles about as long as leaves and equaling the fruiting rachis. Leaves 5-7 cm. long. Leaflets 6-8 pairs, notched and rounded, cuneate-oblong. about .5-1 cm. long. Stems slender from a woody base. Mountains of New Mexico about Santa Fee. Middle and Lower Temperate life zones, blooming April to May, fruiting in 196 June. Astragalus gracilentus var. Hallii (Gray) Jones Cont. 8 13 (1898). This differs from the type in having the pods wider above and more inflated, smoother, rather clavatc-oblanceolate, 5-7 nam. wide, about 2 cm. long, wiih ventral suture straight or concave near the narrowed base, and variably convex at tip, little laterally flattened or rarely lound in cross-section, distinctly stipitate, coriaceous to chartaceous. Flowers and pods inclined to be short-spicate to almost capitate, the flowers about 1.5 cm. long, stubby, v^'ith caly.x tube about 5 mm. long and 4 mm. high, and witli minute deltoid teeth. l\vin Lakes and the Sangre de Christo mountains Colorado and San Francisco mountains Arizona. .Middle Temperate life zone. Astragalus gracilentus var Greenei (Gray) Jones Cont. 8 14 (1898). Pods strictl}' sessile, with minute and spreading hairs, splitting the calyx, 1.5-2 cm. long and nearly 1 cm. wide and high, broadly sulcate A entrally, oval to oblong-ovate, conspicuou^ly inflated, faintly cross- 1 ibbed, with a triangular, flat and stout beak. Flowers shortly-race- mose, 1-1.-5 cm. long, as in the type but the calyx teeth subulate and lialf as long as tube. Leaflets broadly oblong, rounded, about 5 mm. long. Peduncles longer than the leaves. Whole plant ashy, and the f lems and i^^eduicles almost white. Mogollons New Mexico, bloom- ing in April. The type of this form is in the Gray Herbarium and ( uplicate material is in my herbarium and a few others but variously jiiixed since Greene did not know one form from the other confusing f.illax forms with it. All of the mature plants and most of the pods lie distributed are fallax. ivstragalus gracilentus var. exsertus N. Var, This is a very remark- able form with few flowers about 2 cm. long, brilliant-purple, strongly striped and with exserted claws. The oblong banner is nearly 1.5 cm. long with sides much reflexed below, slightly and abruptly arched be- yond the calyx tips to 30 degrees, about 2 mm. longer than wings. Wings 2 mm. wide, a little arched and obtuse, purple-striped, 3-4 mm. longer than keel. Keel straight, forming nearly a half circle, 4 mm. long, and 3 mm. high, the tip erect and triangular, light-colored. Ca- lyx tube about 5 mm. long and 3 mm. high, about as long as the subu- late teeth. Bracts much longer than the short and stout pedicels, 4 mm. long. Pods about 2 cm. long, 1 cm. wide and high, sulcate ven- trally, strongly cross-ribbed and almost cartilaginous, oblong, sessile, splitting the calyx, the stout and flat beak upcurved and about 4 mm. long. Ventral suture straight, dorsal suture much arched, cross-sec- tion rather obcordate. Leaflets 6-12 pairs, cuneate-oblong, notched, fully 1 cm. long. WMiole plant minutely woolly. Stipules green, nearly linear, almost 1 cm. long. Trinidad Colorado, No. 7 Geo. E Osterhout, 1898. Astragalus gracilentus var. fallax (Watson) Jones Cont. 8 14 (1898). Pod- obliquely oblong-oval, to ovate, about as in the preced- ing variety but ventral suture rather convex above and not sulcate, pods short hairy, abruptly stipitate the stipe being nearly as long as calyx. Flowers much as in the type but about 1.5 cm. long, and stub- by. P>anner oval, about equaling the wings and not much longer than keel. Calyx teeth rudimentary, deltoid, the tube inserted at right an- gles to the pedicel, very oblique on the lower side and convex above, about 5-7 mm. long. Peduncles stout, much longer than the leaves. Leaflets 3-15 mm. long, cuneate-oblong to nearly linear. Stipules and bracts very broad and very short. In the pine forests of the San Francisco plateau of northern Arizona, on gravelly mesas. Middle Temperate life zone. It blooms in summer. Astragalus coriaceus Ilemsley Bot. Cent. Am. 1 263 (1880). Pods arcuate, cylindrical, about 2 cm. long and 7 mm. wide, with acuminate beak, sessile, smooth. Flowers racemose on short pedicels, few, about I.S cm. long. Calyx tube short-cylindric, teeth subulate and about 196 a quarter as long as tube. Bracts small and subulate. Peduncles at iC^st as long as the leaves. Leaves 3-5 cm. long. Leaflets 6-8 pairs. lii;ear-obiong and obtuse, iong-petiolulate, 1-1.5 cm. long, ashy when young. Stipules lineir-lan.."eolate, about 4 mm. long. Stems short and fiexuous. Zacatecas Me.xico. From the description there is little to separate this from A. Antoninus or gracilentus forms. 157 Actrsfalus Antoninus Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 17 343 (1882). This differs in no particular from A. coriaceus except the stipitate pods being slightly sulcale dorsally. The flowers are about 2 cm. long, i.anncr elliptical, about 7 mm. long, arched abruptly to 45 degrees at end of caiyx teeth, about 4 mm. longer than keel and a little longer dian wings. Wings and keel as in A. gracilentus. Calyx lul e short-cylindric. about 5 mm. long, inserted on the lower corner, an. 1 the minute teeih triangul.ir and hardly a quarter as long «^ calyx tubo. The '•ather nubescent pods "^eem to be ascending or spreading. Saltil.o Me>ico, probably Socorro Co. New Mexico, Metcalf. 168 Astragalus pinonis Jones Cont. 8 14 (1898). Pods straighto- slightly arcuaie below, short-stipitate, oblanceolate, shortly acute : l both ends, 2 cm. long, 4-5 mm. wide and high, corrugated, coriaceou . somewhat inflated, with both sutures narrowed and rounded exte - nally, the ventral suture a little raised, neither suture at all intruded, pods reilexed, with ventral side nearly straight, the dorsal side conve.\. Flowers apparently purple. Banner oval and about as long as kee^ Keel purple-tipped, about 5 mm. long, erect tip, straight, acute, pro duced and nearly 3 mm. high, 2 mm. wide at base, as long as the ob- long wings. Cah^x campanulate-cylindric, narrowed below, the tub • a little over 2 mm. long, the subulate teeth 1 mm. long. Bracts trian gular, 1 mm. long. Pedicels slender, reflexed, 4 mm. long. Pedun- cles 2.5-5 cm. long, shorter than the leaves, racemosely few-flowered. T^'ith rachis from half to as long as peduncles. Leaves 5-7 cm. long, short-petioled. Leaflets linear, rounded at both ends, barely pe:i- olulate, 4-10 pairs, 1-1.2 cm. long, 2 mm. wide, not contiguous. Inter nodes 1.5-2 cm. long. Stipules triangular, small, not over 2 mm. long, distinct, not membranaceous. Stems rather slender, ashy-puberule; t throughout, nearly erect, branched below, rounded, about 2 dm. long, wiry, green (as is the whole plant), but pubescence ashy and tangled. It has the habit of A. atratus and growing in similar places on gravel- ly benches at Frisco Utah. Lower Temperate life zone. It is pos- sible that when better known this may belong to the Lonchocarpi. 159 Astragalus Neomexicanus W'ootton & Standley Cont. \at. Herb. 16 136 (1913). Pods thick-walled, round in cross-section, dense- ly pubescent when young 'only very immature pods known). Flowers purple, about 2 cm. long, several to many, in racemes which with the peduncles arc 15-25 cm. long. Banner and wings longer than the rounded keel. Bracts linear, 4-6 mm. long. Pedicels 2-3 mm. long. Calyx campanulate, gibbous above, 7-9 mm., long, sparsely pubescent with short black and white hairs, with subulate teeth about a third as long as tube. Leaves 10-18 cm. long. Leaflets about 20 pairs, villous with weak and spreading hairs, elliptical to ovate-lanceolate, acute, 10-12 mm. long, smooth above. Stipules triangular-lanceolate, about 1 cm. long, connate. .Stems a foot long, ascending, branched from base, perennial. No. 690254 Nat. Herb., from James's Canon Sacra- mento Mts. New Mexico. 7000 ft. alt., July 20 1899, Wooton. This seems to be A. gracilentus. but the poor material makes it doubtful. 160 Astragalus Sileranus Jones Cont. 2 242 (1891). Pods in the type almo>t leathery, but varying to almost papery in some forms, oblong-oval to globose, normally (in the type) rounded at both ends, straight, horizontal, 1.5-2 cm. long, about 1 cm. wide and nearly as high, a little obcompressed, and slightly oblique, with flat and up- turned beak very short, and with dorsal suture a trifle intruded, and pods about round cross-section, except for the shallow groove along the ventral suture, mottled and very fineh' cross-nerved, evidently in- flated, single to few. Flowers cream-colored, yellowish when dry, I'.iT sometimes the bases of wings and keel are purple, about 8 mm. long, 10-15 in number, sessile, stubby. Banner about 2 mm. long, abruptly arched at calyx tips to nearly erect, oval, the s.des reflexed 45 de- grees at a point a little above the base, and fully 2 mm. wide there, but not at all at tip Oi \ ery base; groove very wide and pear-shaped with the vv'ide end up, 2 mm. wide and 1 mm. deep and with an additional groove in the middle; blade rather hooded, waterlined from the back much as in A. Beckwithii the groove filling the whole of the banner tip and narrowing below, U-shaped above and V-shaped below. The v.'ings are oblanceolate, obtuse, arched so that the base follows the curve of the keel, fully 1 mm. wide, close-pressed to keel, but toward the tip the upper edges spread a little, about 1 mm. longer than keel. Keel about 4 mm. long, the base bent in a rather long arc and then ab- ruptly rounded to a little more than erect, and with a deltoid and ob- tuse ti;) whicli is a trifle darker but not distinctly purple, about 2 mm. ■-.iiorter than banner. Caly.K campanulate, abruptly acute at base but. appearing truncate, tube about 2 mm. long, not oblique, inclined to be hyaline, with spreading and unequal tips about as long as tube. Ped- icels very stout, about 1 mm. long. Bracts firm, ovate, in flower 2-3 times as long as pedicels. Peduncles slend er, about 1 dm. long, and rather longer than the leaves. Leaves hardV 1 dm. long, nearly se-'- sile, wide. Leaflets 7-9 pairs, 1-2 cm. long, oval to oblong, obtuse to notched, shortly truncate at the long-petiolulate base, thickish, contig- uous. Stipules rigid, green, large, triangular, reflexed, adiiate, con- nate onlj' at base of stems, about 5 mm. long. .Stems flexuous, with ' internodes 5-7 cm. long, several from a stout and woody root, strag- gling over bushes or lying flat on the ground. Whole plant softly pu- bescent with spreading hairs, growing on gravelly mesas among bush- es or under pines. Middle Temperate life zone, from the head of the Sevier and the Colob to Springdale and the Kaibab on the Colorado, Utah and Arizona, blooming in summer. This was named for that in- defatigable collector A. L. Siler who worked in this region. Astragalus Sileranus var. cariacus Jones Cont. 7 642 (1895). Pods 2-4 cm. long, variously acuminate-tipped and often tapering at base, the tip being upturned and the base down, and so the pods are oblique,, much inflated in the middle, narrowly elliptical, to oval. Leaflets el- liptical-oblong, 1-2 cm. long. Elk head ranch on the upper Virgin river Utah. 19 8 18 xVKGOPHYLLI. Polls) l-Ci'll'il, with tlors.il siUiire not raiseil within except u little la A. cibiruis innl fonns of Missoiirieiirfis ami desperatu-, rouiiti to obcompiuarfed a nl r.irely triquetrous in cross-sectioii, mostly ovate to lanceolate in hMigitudiiml-sectioii, with utxHirve.l tip and vcniiMl suture strai<^ht or concave, the dorsal suture very convex, the body being obnque to arcuate, raraly b )L:i sutures are nearly equally convex aiid so the po i is nearly symmetrical, pod sessile or only shortly stipitate, mostly round d below and splitting the calyx, but conspicuously tapering in A. iodanthus Mud ain[»hioxys, often cordate at base, 1-5 cm. long (5-8 nun. i.i A. lectulus), normally ^.'-2.5 cm. long, a little inflated only in some shaggy-puddfd forms, and a little so in A. Zionis, desperatiis and tephrodes, fleshy when fresh but the walls rarely 4 mm, wide, generiilly cartilaginous when dry, wrinkled, and inclined to have the sutures (which are denser) raised externally a ul r.ither sharp on the edge when tlry but not raised wi'en fresh, very weakly at- tached to the calyx and separating from it readily, rarely sulcate, ascending (reflexed in A. desperatus), not opening much at ma- turity and then at tip and along the ventral suture, triangular, acute at tip, shortly racemose. Flowers 1 cm. long (rarely 5 mm. long in A. desperatus) or more, mostly large and pink- purple, rarely wliite or red. Calyx tube cylindrical, but somewhat later- ally flattened, with teeth never over half the tube (rarely longer in A. de-peratus) and mostly much shorter. Pedicels short, gen- erally much shorter than the rather large bracts. i^edunclcH mostly not longer than the leaves. Upper leaves the largest, pet- ioled (except in forms of A. inflexus). Lejtflets never linear nor conspicuously fleshy, flat, always jointed to the rachis. Stiji- ules large (rather small in the Missouriensis group), never con- nate, adnate, ovate to triangular-subulate or wider. Stems cfespi- tose, perennial (A. amphioxys and desperatus bloom the first year), sliort. prostrate below, often nearly acaulescent. from a thick and often woody root, with the lower internodes very short and stipules often imbricated. Plants rarely 4 dm. long, mostly silvery-pubescent (nearly smooth in A. cibarius and iodanthus), of the Lower Temperate life zone, rarely touching the edges of the adjoining zones, blooming in cpring and fruiting in May and June. KEY A. Pods never evidently woolly nor shaggy (except in A. desperatus, Zionia, and Misaouriensis). Pubescence when present loosely appressed. AB. Pods not spongy nor conspicuously cellular when dry (except in A. Shortianus) nor with the coats separating. 1!I0 Pubescence attached by the end. ABC. Pods oblong to linear-lanceolate, not reflexed ar- cuate or very oblique, generally variably sulcate dor- sally and obcompressed, not leso than 2.5 cm. long, smooth to very shortly pubescent when ripe, v/ith walls 2-4 mm. thick when fresh, sometimes .5 mm thick in A. iodanthus. Flowers narrow. Calyx appressed- hairy, narrow, cylindrical but rather laterally flattened, truncate to shortly triangular at the oblique base, the teeth less than half as long as the tube. Stem.s 2-3 dm. long, herbaceous, decumbent from a thick and woody root. Internodes longer than the stipules, plants in- clined to be green when well developed, and ashy when young, and then with closely appressed short hairs. This group is somewhat related to the Sarcocarpi. A3CD. Pods very fleshy, with walls about 4>mm. thick, shortly acuminate, cartilaginous when dry, but not greatly wrinkled, arcuate, narrow, 2-4 cm. long, with dorsal suture seemingly a little intruded at times. Flowers 1.25-1.5 cm. long, in heads. Pods with ventral suture much thickened when dry. Flowers white. Calyx tube about 7 mm. long. 161 Webberi. Pods with ventral euture raised as a thin edge when dry. Flov/ers normally purple. Calyx tube 4-5 mm. long. 162 cibc.rui^. ABC2D. Pods not corrugated though finely cross-ribbed, only slightly fleshy, with pulp hardly 1 mm. thick, co- riaceous, smooth, mostly mottled. Flowers about 1 cm. long. Stems slender. 163 iodanthus. AB2C. Pods from a little to evidently fleshy, chartaceous or thin coriaceous when dry, reticulated and cross- ribbed, somewhat inflated, ovate to linear-oblong, 1-2.5 cm. long, very oblique, with sharp, triangular, flat beak. Pubescence of the leaves silvery and appressed, with hairs attached by the base. Pods shaggy with long and spreading hairs. 164 desperatus. Pods onl ashy. 165 tephrodes, AB3C. Plants nearly acaulescent or with stems only a few inches long, prostrate. Flowers mostly large, never small. Pods with conspicuously pulpy walls 1.5 mm. thick when fresh, thick-coriaceous to cartilaginous when dry, variously wrinkled and obcompressed, broadly ovate to narrowly oblong, sharply acute to acuminate, with mostly flat beak when dry. Argophylli proper. AB3CD, Peduncles normally not over 7 cm. long, or less than half as long as the leaves, and so the flowers are clustered among the leaves, occasicnally fruiting peduncles are 1.5 dm. long. Stipules imbricated. Flowers spicate, few. Pubescence silvery and closely appressed. (A. Parryi might be sought hercK AB3CDE Pods not inflated, large, almost smooth. 165 Shoi'tianus. AB3CD2E. Pods variously inflated, ovate, rarely broader or lanceolate, mostly shaggy. Flowers capitate. 167 argophyllus AB3C2D. Pods decidedly fleshy when fresh and mostly cartilaginous when dry, ascending, Flowtrs spicate. Peduncles over 1 cm. long, erect or nearly so, longer than the leaves except when rarely leaves are greatly produced. Stems short but with imbricated stipules 200 only when young. Plants blooming early in April and May. Pods lon^-hairy. 168 Zionis. Pods appearing nearly smooth. 169 rcmulcus, A23. Feds sci.ile, not evidently inflated, fleshy aud pulpy, opening along the ventral suture. Pubescence attached by tne iiiiddle or n^ar it and hairs pick-shaped. Plants acau- lescent, or nearly so in small ^dts, Siioic-lived perennials or winter annuals, some blooming the first year. A2BC. Pods rounded at base, with loose outer coat separa- ting from t ;e inner wsll either by a cellular interspace, or by splitting and peeling off. Neither suture intruded, both raised a liuls externally and thin. Pods not re- flexed. A23CD. Pods 1.5-5 cm. long, very oblique but not much arcned and with tip variably but not greatly upturned, smooth cr nearly so when ripe, triangular-apiculate to conical beaked, with pulp coarsely cellular which on drying leaves the two coats separated by a spongy interspace, but the outer papery coat does not peel up, this makes the dry pods very light and easily blown about in the wind; inner coat thicker or toucher, char- taceous. Flowers about 2.5 cm. long, mostly white or brillian.-p...i:-purple, capitate, few, blooming very early. Fed ncles decumbent at least in fruit. Plants with thick, fleshy, tapering, long, erect tap root. Poas wic i outer skin conspicuously reticulated, except var. laccoliticus. Flowers vv^hite or whitish. 170 pygmaeus. Pods with outer skin not reticulated. Flowers dark- pink purple. 171 Musiniensis. A2BC2D. Pods about 1.5-2 cm. long, very fleshy, straight, narrowly oblong, with cross-section nearly round when fresh, 4-an5led and not spongy and with raised sutures when dry, but outer coat drying close to the inner wall and when old splitting along the ventral suture and spreading out flat from tip to tip like a wing but not separating along the dorsal suture, thus giving tne pod an elliptical outline. In A. Missouri- cnsis this is not so marked and often the outer wall simply separates with age and flares a little. Flow- ers not large. Claws of petals not exserted. V/hole plant hoary even to the peduncles. Missourienses. Pods broadly winged when dry. Flowers whitish. 172 cymboides. Pods not broadly winged when dry. Flowers purple. 173 Missouriensis. A2B2C. Pods 1.5-8 cm. long, narrowed at both ends, very acute, arcuate, fleshy but not cellular nor spongy nor walls separating, ventral suture conspicuously _ raised when dry and the dorsal not at all or very thin Flowers large, 2-5 cm. long, brilliant-pink-purple when fresh, bluish when dry. Stems and peduncles hoary. 174 amphioxys. 2A. Pods densely woolly or variably shaggy, seldom sulcate ventrally and dorsally except at base, normally round to cbcompressed in cross-section, sessile or with stipe not longer than wide, conspicuously inflated only in A. New- berryi and funereus forms, splitting the calyx, coriaceous when dry, only slightly fleshy or, rarely, flesh is thicker and cellular, arcuate at tip or, rarely, triangular-apiculate. Flowers purple, rarely white or red, 1.5-5 cm. long, capitate. Calyx tube cylindrical. Peduncles never much longer than 201 the leaves, mostly shorter. Plants perennial, with caevpitose Btems prostiate or at least not erect, and having very short internodes, A. inflexus sometimes has longer internoues 2nd ascending stems. Whole plant woolly, shaggy or silvery, with mostly slender hairs always attached by the base. 2AB. Pods shaggy, with hairs about straight when dry, inflated, spreading or reflexed. Pubescence of leaves and ped.n- cles neither woolly nor crisped, appressed. Acaules-cnt or with rudimentary stems, never growing in large and pros- trate mats. Cld petioles coarse, stiff, persistent. Pedun- cles neither longer than the leaves nor absent. Newbenyenses. Pod"^ abruptly arcuate at tip, rarely twice as long as wide. Flowers purple or purple-tipped. 175 Newberryi Pods acuminate lanceolate and equall3' arcuate. Flower- cream-colored, or lead-colored when dry. 176 Eurekensis 2A2E. Fees densely shaggy or wPite-woolly (so much so as to mostly conceal the surface, not inflated (except in the A. funereus group), cartilaginous, not noticeably reflexed, opening only ct tip. Leaves and petioles soft and slender, soon decaj irg ( exctpt in A. ccccineus). Internodes not longer t^an the stipules (except in forms of A. inflexus). Pedicels very short and thick. Plants acaulescent only in reduced forms, mostly prostrate and matted with slender but shore stems. Pubescence rath-*r spreading, of soft and very fine, kinked, white, tangled hairs like wool (scarcely so in the A. funereus group). Flowers narrow, with cylin- drical tube and short teeth. Leaflets 5 to many pairs, mostly contiguous, not thick, flat. Coccinei. 2A23C. Pubescence very dense and white, the hairs tangled and v/avy but relatively short and not distinctly woolly but rather spreading and appearing as if woolly or short- shaggy, under the microscope the hairs are mostly parallel. Flowers large, very narrow, with long claws, brilliant- pink-purple or red, miostly bracteate at base, almost sessile on very stout pedicels. Calyx teeth subulate and about 3 mm. long, shaggy, hooked, broad, the short pubes- cence shaggy but barely concealing the surface. Calyx a little inflated, the upper side somewhat convex. Leaves rarely 7 cm. long, narrow. Peduncles very stout and shorter t.ian the leaves. Plants of the lower edge of the Lower Temperate life zone, growing on rather bare ridges in poor soil inclined to be alkaline but very well drained, in the Death valley region. Pcds about 3 cm. Icng. Flowers red even when dry. 177 coccineus. Pods about 5 err. long. Flowers bluish when dry. 178 funereus. 2A2B2C. Pubescence of very fine, sle.ider, kinked, woolly hairs. Claws of petals not exscrttd. Neither peduncles nor petioles persisting. Pods opening at tip along both sutures. 2A2E2CD. Stipules, bracts and calyx lobes not filiform, nor lax at tip, the stipules and bracts large and the calyx lobes short. Wings longer than k«el. Leaflets round to oval-obovate and rounded. 179 Utahensis. 2A2E2C2D. Stipules, bracts and calyx lobes mostly taper- ing into thread-like and lax tips. Pubescence inclined to be silky-woolly and rather long. Leaflets normally acutish at both ends, and rather diamond-shaped. Stems slender though sometimes very sliort to almost acaules- ^0^- lescent. Peduncles nearly clways shorter then the leaves. I lints with conspicuous stems. Ilowers red-purple. 180 inflexus. Plants almost stemlesa. Flowers mostly white. ISl Purshii. 151 Astragalus Wcbberi Grny Eot. Cal. 1 154 (1876). Pods uith holh sutures raised externally and the ventral much thickened when dry, narrowly-oblong but a little narrowed at both ends, smooth, 5-7 la.n. high, lU-12 mm. wide, generally sulcate to the middle but not at liie ends, tips broadly triangular and a little laterally flattened, cross- section reniform to oblately obovate. Flowers white, 1.5 cm. long, Sj)! eading. Banner elongated and almost erect, narrow, 8-9 mm. long. Wings narrowly oblong, arched to 45 degrees, rounded, about 4 mm. shorter than banner and as much longer then keel or less. Keel about 4 m;n. high, straight the end abruptly erect and forming nearly a rigb.t angle, purple. Calyx tube about 7 mm. long, attached in line with the ba-e, the upper side a little arched, the lo.ver side straight, the teeth .■=ubulate and nearly half as long as the tube. Bracts as long as to a haif longer than the short pedicels, lanceolate to ovate. Peduncles longer than the leaves. Heads rather denselj' 9-20 flowered. Pro;;er petioles rarely as long as the lowest leaflet. Leaflets 5-10 pairs, nar- rowly oblong-oblanceolate, with cuneate and long-petiolula te ba.<^e, not over 2 cm. long, not retuse. variabb' silvery-pubescent. This oc- curs sparingly on hillsides in the Sierras near Sierra Valley Ca:ii'ornia ill the -Middle Temperate life zone. It is probably only a marked form of -\. cibarius. 152 Astragalus cibarius Sheldon Minn, Bot. Stud. 9 149 (1894). A. ioianthus Waison in part, as to Utah material. Pods puberuient to almost smooth, rather abruptly narrowed and substipitate at bas^e the stipe from barely longer than wide to 2 mm. long and not jointed to the calyx, pods I'rom nearly straight to arched almost to a half circle, 2.5-4 cm. lorg. 7-10 mm. wide, 5-8 mm. high, oblong to broadly h'ncar, fir.e^y corrug ited, rot mottled, tip from a little to much flattened, tri- angular, walL^ about 3 mm. thick when fresh the inner one woody, cross section from nearh' round to almost didymous by being much obc.nivipressed. tl'.e normal cross-section is nearly co-shaped but the sutures not touching, and the ventral suture raised externally and not intruded and only slightly thickened, dorsal suture raised externally as a thin line when dry and intruded as high as wide in forms with deltoid cross-.'^ection, pods often much sulcate along the middle. The flov. ers purple, bluith when dry with lighter claws, albino forms rai e, 1.5 2 cni. long, almost sessile, with conspicuous lanceolate bracts near- ly half - s 'ong as calyx. Banner ovate, about 1 cm. long, rather deep- ly notched, with sid-es much reflexed below so that the banner seems oblong, arched beyond the calyx tips to nearly and r.'ither sharply e- recl, v.hite spot deep-purple- veined and conspicuous, blade deep- purple below and ^hading to white above or purple throughout, a litt'e sulcate. Wings from nearly as long as banner to 4-6 mm. shorter but much longer and narrower than keel, nearly linear, very rounded, a trifle narrow-ed in the middle and a little enlarged above, mostly about straight, but .'on-elinc.'; arched to 30 degrees, variably purple at brse. white above, rarely purple throughout, flaring at tip and the ends turned to horizontal, obscurely erose or notched. Keel about 5 mm. long and 4 mm. high, the base straight and then abruptly arched to erect and with tip very obtuse, rounded, and deep-purple. Calyx ni- grescent, with tube about 4-5 mm. long and nearly half as high, cleft deejier above, and triangular teeth about one fourth as long. Pedun- cle<= normally shorter than the leaves, rarely longer, stout, with the pods shortly rncemo.< cylindrical, about 7 mm. long or Ic^s, straight, attached on ibe lower corner but with straight sides, about 3 mm. high, reddish, with fine, white, crinkled, short hairs closely appressed: tube fleshy at the insertion, not cleft deeper above, the triangular teeth about a thirr! to iu ly as long as the tube and capillary. Bracts broadly ovate and hy- aune, about 2-3 mm. long, rigid and as long as the pedicels. Pedun- cles subscapose, stout, 5-7 cm. long. Leaves not over 3 cm. long, with slender petioles twice as long as the leaf-rachis. Leaflets 4-6 pairs, elliptical to obovate, obtuse, not over 1 cm. long, rather thick, folded and variably silvery on both sides with loosely appressed hairs Stip- ules large, imbricated, shaggy, round to oval, rarely ovate, hyaline, 4-5 mm. long, very conspicuous, acute. Stems very short and with con- gested internodes, only a few inches long at most, rigid, inclined to be woody, prostrate or spreading, many and caespitose from the crown of the erect and woody root, grow ing in rocky places, preferably crev- ices, often along with A. pubentissimus which at times is very similar but without the large stipules and congested internodes. It some- times blooms as a winter annual. Common throughout the San Ra- fael Swell, and growing from Green River to Grand Junction and southward to the Moencoppa .Arizona where it grows with A. sabulo- num and is distinguished from it by the caespitose habit and stipules. Lower Temperate life zone. Astragalus desperatus var. petrophilus n. var. Pods rigid, decid- edly inflated, rarely 1 cm. long, half-oval to obliquely obovate, 4-5 mm. high, with ovate to cordate cross-section, generally a little sul- cate dorsally near the base, and sometimes also ventrallj' there but the ventral suture mustly a straight, thick and raised line, and the dor- sal suture a raised and thin partial partial partition within, tip of pod very sharp, upturned, deltoid, with a sharj) and subulate beak, surface of pods so shaggy as to conceal the skin, sometimes crose-ribbed.. the pubescence falls off long after maturity, pods indifferently spreading. 1-3 on the ends of the filiform peduncles which are 1-10 cm. long, and rarely as long as the leaves. P'lowers 5-7 mm. long, from stubby to narrow, 1-5 on the ends of the peduncles, not reflexed. Calyx teeth from, rudimentary to triangular and 1 mm. long. Leaves very much reduced and short. Leaflets 2-3 pairs, thickish, ashy, 3-4 mm. long, elliptical, folded, obtuse. Petioles about as long as the leaf-rachis. .Stems form an oblong mass of imbricated stipules, rarely 1 cm. long, many on the crown of the erect root, the mat 4-6 inches wide. Very variable. This is toe most condensed form and the smallest mats re- 205 semble, closely, A. mont.inus and A. humillimns. It grows in crevices of flat rocks, in the San Rafael Swell region Utah, and blooms in May and June, and fruits soon after (as does the species). 165 Astragalus tephrodes Gray PI. Wr. 2 45 (1853). Pods about half-oval-ovate, nearly half as high or wide as long, about 1 cm. long, ashy, normally ascending in short spikes, a little arcuate toward tip, sessile at the rounded base, weakly attached, rather finely cross ribbed and inclined to be sulcate below at both sutures and obcompressed at very base, cross-section obcordate to slightly didymous, both sutures thickened externally. In the type, whieli is based on two small speci- mens ii; fruit only, the pod is half-moon shaped, with straight ventral suture, sulcate dorsa II}- and with flat and deltoid tip, hoary with mi- nute hairs. Other material from Socorro has pods from obliquely ovate to arcuate-lance-oblong, with triangular and flat tip about twice as long as wide and inclined to be sulcate at both sutures but with sim- ilar beak. Walls very fleshy when fresh but thin when dry. My own specimens from the Needles Cal. have pods more acute. Tlie flowers in the type are described as about 1 cm, long and purple. In tlie So- corro material and my own the flowers are 1-1.5 cm. long and purple tipped, lik'e A. remulcus but shorter and smaller. They have the. same short-cylindric calyx tube appearing campanulate in fruit, with teeth triangular and nearly half as long as tube. The calyx can hardly be called wool!}' though the appressed hairs are somewhat tangled. Pe- duncles about 1 dm. long, having the rather many flowers spicate. The biacts and pedicels are the same as in remulcus. Leaflets 7-10 pairs, elliptical to oval, obtusish, contiguous or separated, about 1 cm. long, loosely silky with somewhat tangled long hairs. Leaves about 1 dm. long, with petioles shorter than the rachis. Stems slender and decum- bent or prostrate and with few nodes, as in remulcus, arising from slen- der underground root branches. It was described as a possible bien- nial. From the western base of the Organ Mts. New Mexico to the Needles Cal. Tropical, on benches. It seems to be rare. This species has some resemblance to A. Feensis. 165 Astragalus Shortianus Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. N. A. 1 331 (1838). A. humili': Geyer. Pods from lanceolate to linear-oblong (even ovate in the variety), corrugated. -cellular when dry, rounded at base, joint- ed to the calyx, inclined to be sulcate at both sutures below, acumin- ate, 2-7 cm. long, 10-15 mm. wide, rarely over 5 mm. high, somewhat arcuate especially toward the mostly flat and ensiform triangular tip, broadly sulcate dorsally and mostly bisulcate ventrally, much obcom- pressed when mature, often round in cross-section when fresh, mi- nutely pubescent, not mottled, ascending, with ventral suture thicken- ed and raised externally, and the dorsal suture not intruded, outer coat showing little tendency to separate from the inner, walls 4-5 mm. thick when fresh, the inner cartilaginous when dry. Flowers about 2-2.5 cm. long, crowded at end of peduncle, brilliant purple, with long claws. Banner about oval, 1 cm. long, arched to 45 degrees in gentle arc from end of calyx tube, rarely erect, with sides much reflexed in age below, about 2-4 mm. longer than wings. Wings obliquely linear- cuneate, rounded, about 2 mm. wide, much narrower than keel, 2-3 mm shorter than keel, arched lit^^le, with tips inclined to be horizontal as in A. Utahensis. Keel straight to near the tip and then abruptly roun- ded to erect at the obtusely triangular tip which is about 4 mm. high. Calyx tube cylindrical, 7-8 mm. long and 3 mm. high, nigrescent with rather shaggy hairs, straight, not deeper cleft above, teeth subulate and nearly half as long as tube. Bracts subulate, nearly 1 cm. long. Pedicels slender, 3-5 mm. long. Peduncles in flower rarely 2 dm. long but somewhat longer in fruit, subscapiform, sulcate, stout, 3-12 flow- ered. Leaves often 1.5 dm, long, the petiole half the whole. Leaflets 7-14 pairs, 7-23 mm. long, from nearly oval to broadly elliptical, in- clined to have cuneate base and be long-pctiolulate, flat, rounded and obtuse, nearly contiguous, variably pubescent with hairs normally very fine and long and inclined to be tangled on the calyx and looser, but hairs rarely short and broader. Internodes rarely as long as the 206 normally much shorter or absent and plants then acaulesccnt. Stip- ■ ules large, triangular to 5ul)ulatc-lanceolate. Crown branches many, ■ forming a dense tuft. Common on the plains and foothills of the ^ Rockies from central Wyoming and the Laramie plains southward through the mountains at low elevations, westward to Sapinero Col. anil Santa Fee New Mexico and the Plains to the eastward, not in Ari- zona. Middle Temperate life zone in gravelly soil. Astragalus Shortianus Var. cyaneus (Gray) Jones Cont. 8 5 (1898) and 10 65 (1902). .A. c) ancus Gray PI. Fend. 34 (1849). This differs from the type in the ovate pods being about 2.5 cm. long, the shorter and wider pubescence not at all shaggy on the calyx, smaller leaves and more condensed habit. Leaflets rarely over 1 cm. long, oval and with cuneate base. Bracts about 4 mm. long. Pedicels about 1 mm. long. Flowers about 1.5 cm. long and short-clawed. Calyx tube about 3 cm. long, the short teeth 2 mm. long The hairs often have a little knob near the base showing a tendency to be fixed above the end as in the next group. This is the common form of the Rio Grande to Texas. A. Shortianus var. minor Gray, in so far as it differs from this is a form of A. Missouriensis whieh intruded sutures and pick-shaped hairs. 167 Astragalus argophyllus Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. N. A. 1 331 (1838) A. glareosus of most authors, not Douglas. Pod.s very variable, al- ways pubescent with rather loose and not appressed hairs, never really shaggy, fleshy, with pulp about 2 mm. thick and a hard inner woody wall (pulp thinner in southern regions), somewhat wrinkled when dry but with smooth outline when fresh, from nearly round but obliquely iDtaked to oval-ovate and oblong-ovate when large, 5-7 mm. high, about 1 cm. wide and 1.5 cm. long, rarely more, sharply shortly arcuate toward the tip, jointed to the calyx and with a minute stipe when dry and rounded to notched at base, a lit<-le sulcate ventrally, flattish dor- sully and rarely sulcate except at very base where it is inclined to be sulcate at both sutures and obcompressed. but with sutures not in- truded, from very little inflated in the type to much inflated in the var castanaeformis, cavity full of hairs, cross-section about oval, some- times rather didymous when sulcate, vertical longitudinal section ob- long-arcuate. Flowers 1.5-2.5 cm. long, brilliant pink-purple, often deep-blue when dry (due to the alkali in drying papers), narrow, in heads at the ends of slender peduncles, which never exceed the leaves and mostl}' are very much shorter. Claws of petals exserted except ■when old. Banner about 1 cm. long, oblong-oval, dark-pink-purple a- round the edges, stronglv notched, with sides reflexed widely to 45° from calyx tips, with white spot large and coming within 2 mm. of the edge and narrowed below and with ragged edges and red-purple and branching veins. Wings narrowly oblong, 1-3 mm. shorter than the banner and as much longer than the keel, a little arched and narrowed above, 1-2 mm. wide and much narrower than keel, purple-tipped and horizontal at the ends and ol)li(|uely rounded. Keel 5-6 mm. long, with the base straight and gently to abruptlj' arched to erect, the rounded and very obtuse tip somewhat produced and 3 mm. high and 1 mm. wide at the end, purple but white below as are the other petals. Calyx very thin and hyaline, narrow, about 1 cm. long, exclusive of the subulate teeth which arc from a third to a fifth as long as the tube 2-3 mm. high, 1-2 mm. wide, rather fleshy at base, cleft deeper above and with teeth unequal. Bracts ovate to narrowly lanceolate and con- spicuous, about 5 mm long and at least twice as long as the rather stout and variable pedicels, shaggy but mostly hyaline. Peduncles from almost none to half as long as the leaves, or rareley nearly as long as the leaves, generally spreading on the ground, but sometimes ascending at the tip, the floral rachis rarely 2-4 cm. long in fruit and with few pods. Leaves narrow, rarelj' 1 dm. long, slender, the peti ole proper about half the leaf rachis. Leaflets about 8 pairs, not con tiguous, from lanceolate and very acute to obovatc and apiculate, but 207 normally acute at both ends and appearing diamond-shaped, short- petiolulate, 5-12 mm. long, broader wlien short, densely silvery-silky with fine and soft hairs which are rather loose and inclined to be wavy. The type has rather long peduncles and acute leaflets but is without mature fruit, but there can be no mistake about its identity. It has been uniformly referred to A. glareosus which is a form of A, inflexus with short stems and belongs to the Columbia drainage. The stems are woody but slender, spreading flat on the ground and hug- ging it closely as if rooting, with short internodes, mostly only a few inches long (rarely a foot long), caespitose. Stipules rather small be- low but often 1.5 cm. long above, triangular to oblong-lanceolate, hy- aline and veined with green, nearly smooth. Rather common from Monida Montana and central Wyoming and|[the Laramie plains south- ward to New Mexico on the Pacific slope, and westward to the Mogol- lons of Arizona, and northwestward to the base of the Sierras at least as far as Reno Nevada, and throughout the Great Basin, and on the Snake river toward its head in southern Idaho. It grows in mountain valleys in moist meadows on gravelly knolls in sweet soil. Middle Temperate life zone, not in the Columbia Basin except on the upper Snake river. Nuttall's type is a long-peduncled form from Wyoming, with narrow and acute leaflets, in flower, and wMth immature pods and with the characteristic silky pubescence closely appressed. The species has very variable pubescence but it is always silkj' even when short and appressed, but it is rarely as closely app.essed as in tho = e species with pick-shaped hairs, and is finer than in most forms of A. Shortianus, and is without the peculiar woolHness of the A. inflexus group, the flowers also are paler and without the deep-red of inflexus which makes them appear bluer in dried specimens even when they are as deeply colored (doubtless because there is more acid in the flov^ers and becomes bluer in contact with alkaline driers), but mostly they are purple-tipped only, while in inflexus the flowers are more or 1 es« tinged with red even when dry (showing a different chemical nature more like A. coccineus), the pods of inflexus even when nearly smooth have long and woolly hairs. A. argophyllus blooms from ^lay to .September. There has been much confusion about it, Nuttall mixing it with A. Purshii, Torreyand Gray with A. glareosus. This species appears to hybridize with .A. Purshii very rarely, t!Ve tinctus variety forming Astragalus argophyllus x Purshii, when the pods are somewhat narrower, sparsely short-shaggy, with oval and normally obtuse small leaflets of the tinctus variety. Such forms arc 541 2d Jones from Salina Canon Utah, 6054h Jones from Nagle's ranch OTi the Kaibab Arizona, and other material from ]\Iillcr canon in the Navajo Basin south of Price Utah. Astragalus argophyllus Var. Pauguicensis Jones Cont. 7 671 (1895) and 8 5 (1898). This has densely silvery leaves with oval and obtuse small leaflets, and with linear-lanceolate pods about 2.5 cm. long and 5-7 mm. wide, shortly acuminate, very much obcomprcssed. doubly sulcate ventrally and not at all dorsally, finely and closely appressed- pubescent. In meadows at Panguitch Lake Utah. A form with sim- ilar pods 4 cm. long and with narrow leaflets like those of the variety Cnicensis is from Thistle Utah. Astragalus argophyllus Var. Martini M. Vtr. This is a very con- densed form without peduncle or very sb.ort if any, with imbricated stipules, with elliptical to diamond-shaped and silvery-silky leaflets, the largest not 1 cm. long, and with claw-like pods hardly 1 cm. long and deeply corrugated, with both sutures narrow and a little raised externally, not sulcate at either suture but a lit<-ie obcomprcssed, ovate, the flat tip sharply arcuate to erect, sparsely short-hairy. Soda Springs Idaho June 19 1901 Rev. Geo. W. ^lartin. A form with lon- ger peduncle I collected at Park City Utah. 208 Astragalus argophyllus var. cnicensis N. Var. This is a form witli long pcduncies, stipules nearly contiguous, with stems many and (kusely tuited, short, ascending and with very many greenish leaves wiih very ^hort and sparser pubescence, with narrowly elliptical apic- u ate leaflets aliout 1 cm. long, and with claw-like pods nearly 2 cm, .uug and not corrugated but ashy with short and rather dense hairs, ianceolate, a little sulcate at both sutures, with the flat tip abruptly arcuate to erect, decidedly obcomprcssed. Thistle Utah 1901, Mam- moili Utah 1911. in fruit in May and June. Astragalus argophyllus var. castanaeformis (Watson Proc. Am. Acad. J'.i 361 1885 as -pecies) Jones Cont. 10 62 (1902). Pods coriace- ous, little wrinkled, the walls when dry in some forms are almost chartaceous. conspicuously inflated, _broadly ovate-triquetrous, half- oval, about 1.5 cm. long, 1 cm. wide, 5-7 mm. high, ashy, with ventral >ulure raised and thickened and straight and ending in the flat very siioi L :;nd deltoid beak, cross-section ovate-triciuetrous, rarely slightly suicatc broadly near the base, dorsal suture very convex and raised as ;i thin line l)Ut not intruded. Peduncles 2-3 cm. long. Flowers about 10, light-colored, the tips of wings and keel purple. Leaves 4-8 cm. long, with the petiole often as long as the rachis. Leaflets 4-8 pairs, obovate to elliptical, acutish to rounded, rarely 1 cm. long, ashy with short pubescence. Stems densely congested and very short, with im- bricated stipules. This is the thinnest-walled form of the species, it g ows in the pine forests of the AlogoUons about Flagstaff and Wil- liams Arizona. Astragalus argophyllus var. pephragmenus (Jones Cont. 5 267 1893 as species). Pods about 2.5 cm. long, 7-10 mm. wide, about 5 mm. high, very fleshy, a little wrinkled, cartilaginous, from nearly lanceolate to oblong-ovate, oblique to a little arcuate, ashy, rounded and jointed to a very thick and short stipe, scarcely more than strong- and deltoidl}' flat-beaked, with ventral suture very thick and raised (about 1 mm. thick when dry), mostly straight, with dorsal suture a mere raised line externally and internally, convex, pods flattish dor- sally and sometimes a little l)isulcate ventrally, cross-section about oval when dry. inflated. Leaflets 5-15 pairs, about oval, apiculate. rather thick, rarely 7 mm. long, densely silvery-hairy, with closely ap- pressed hairs. Petioles often longer than the leaf rachis, and the leaf about 5-8 cm. long.. Stems much branched and tufted, ascending, a few inches long, with internodes, longer than the stipules, and the pe- du' c e a little longer than the leaves. Top of the Pinal ^lts. Arizona among rocks, Middle Temperate life zone. This at once suggests .X. Shortianus var. cyaneus but the pubescence is that of argophyllu.* with the wavy and fine hairs fixed strictly by the base, and the stems ■^vith ijrodiiccd internodes, but the pods are more like that variety Astragalus Zionis Jones Cont. 7 652 (1895). Pods arcuate, hori- zontal, abruptly long-acute with flat and subulate style, linear-oblong, 2.5-3 cm, long, about 7 mm. wide and high, rather triquetrous but with rounded sides, flattened to a little sulcate dorsally and somewhat ob- comprcssed, bnt round when fresh, with cross-section oblong exter- nally and linear internally, with walls 2 mm. thick when fresh the in- ner part only coriaceous and wrinkled when dry, mottled, dried im- mature pods are laterally flattened, ventral suture not raised when fresh, when dry the suture is conspicuously raised and with the sides rather flat and at a sharp angle to eachother, jointed to the calyx, rounded and rather narrowed to it, shortly sparsely shaggy with ra- ther spreading hairs, never sulcate at base, widely spreading, when much arched then much obcomprcssed, the thread-like beak often 1 cm. long. I'lowers short-racemose on stout and nearly erect pedun- cles 1-2 dm. long, purple-tipped, 14-20, about 2 cm. long. Banner a little over 1 cm. long, oval-ovate, with sides reflcxed 2 mm. wide in the middle only, arched to 45 degrees beyond the calyx teeth, and groove nearly f orming two thirds of a circle being 3 mm. wide 209 and 2 mm. deep, very broad and large, and shallowing toward the tip, white spot M-shaped, large, purple-veined below and stippled above. Wings linear, 2 mm. wide, somewhat ascending, rather obtuse, tips horizontal and connivent, purple throughout, 2 mm. longer than keel, and 2 mm longer than banner. Keel straight, bent sharply to erect at the end, purple, triangular-acute, and 3-mm. high, about 7 mm. long. Calyx obliquely cylindrical, the tube about 7 mm long, a little narrow at tip and base and deeper cleft above, about 3 mm. high, laterally flattened, light-colored or reddish, attached in line with the fleshy base and with the upper side _ arched a little and also with the lower side straight, loosely short-nigrescent with the wavy hairs little spreading, nearly sessile on very stout pedicels. Calyx teeth rather thread-like and about one third as long as the tube. Bracts subulate, with filiform tips, nearly 1 cm. long, green. Leaves, 1-3 dm. long, very narrow, the petiole nearly half the whole, and the rachis conspicuously tapering to a fine point and rigid though slender. Leaflets from ovate and very acute to (liaiiiond-shaped, 5-20 mm. long, distant, about 5-8 pairs, long- petiolulate. ashy with minute and very fine and appressed short hairs. Stipules triangular-subulate, 1-1.5 cm. long, green and reflexed, adnate but not at all connate. Stems hoary, rarely 1 dm. long, with 5-8 inter- nodes, ascending from a woody base, much branched, some of the nodes 2-3 cm. apart. This grows in red sand on gravelly slopes near rocks or hanging in festoons from the rocks along the Virgin river from Eellcview to Little Zion Utah. Lower Temperate life zone. The -•■pecies reminds one of A. Parryi but the pods are those of the amphi- o.^ys group, and the pubescence that of argophyllus though looser and may be an extreme form of it, but the habit is that of sparsiflorus and Parryi. The peculiar fleshiness of the fresh pods does not show iw the dried fruit. 169 Astragalus reraulcus Jones Cont. 7 658 (1895). A. amphioxys var. brachylobus Gray, not A. brachylobus DC. Pods 2-4 cm. long, 7-!U mm. wide or high according to the compression, very thick and cartilaginous when dry, the walls thick and woody, and the fleshy pulp thick when fresh, decidedly oblique but not much arcuate, from obliquely ovate to narrowly oblong and very variable in shape, longi- tudinally vv'rinkled and somewhat corrugated vertically, appearing nearly smooth but minutely \voolly, rounded at base and sessile in the calyx, rather blunt at the oblique tip where the thickened sutures are united into a very thick flat prow much wider than long which is ab- ruptly produced into a nearly round and very stout beak 1-2 mm. long which ends in a filamentary recurved style 5-10 mm. long, slightly in- flated, ascending and rather appressed-spicate, ventral suture very thick (about 1 nun.) and a little raised, dorsal suture somewhat thick- ened and raised but not intruded in the type. Pods normally obcom- pressed a little below the middle, with oval cross-section, but some- times laterally flattened a little and with cross-section vertically oval, apparently never sulcate, often appearing 4-angled by the contraction of the walls at the sutures. Flowers 10-20, loosely short-spicate, al- most sessile, spreading, light-colored and purple-tipped, not narrow, 1-1.5 cm. long, rather stubby. Banner about as long as calyx tube, 7- 10 mm. long, oval, arcuate remote from the tip of cah-x tube in a gen- tle arc to 45-90 degrees, whitish or purple-tinged around the edges, with sides reflexed a little along the middle. Wings narrowly-oblong and rounded, arched a little, about 2 mm. wide, a little longer than keel and 2 mm shorter than banner, purple. Keel straight, about 5 mm. long, the end abruptly erect and 3 mm. high and with rounded apex. Calyx tube broad, 6-7 mm. long and 4 mm. high, flattened lat- erally a little, short-cylindric, attached in line with the fleshy base, the upper side slightly convex and cleft deeper above, short-woolly, the deltoid teeth about 1-3 mm. long. Bracts ovate to oblong, hyaline long-ciliate, 3-5 mm. long and longer than the stout pedicels. Pedun- cles stout, about as long as the leaves or more, and with the floral ra- chis, exceeding them, arcuate, 1-L5 dm. long. Leaves rarely 1 dm. no long, floxuous, the stout petiole decidedly shorter than the rather ta- pering rachis. Leaflets thick. 10-17 pairs, oval, 5-30 mm. long, often acutish at both ends, strongly petiolnlate, often nearly contiguous, in- clined to be smooth above and short-wavy-hairy below tnd on the margins. Stipules triangular, green above, about as long as the near- est leaflet, adnate, not connate. Stems very short, woody, .uid almost creeping as in .'\. argophyllus, the season's growth with white inter- nodes nearly 3 cm. long. Western side of the .Mogollon plateau from Piescott and Skull valley .\riz. to Springdale Utah, and eastward at least as far as Flagstaff Ariz. Lower and extending into the Middle Temperate life zone, among pines and junipers on mesas. This is a well marked but very variable species with pods much like those of .\. Missouriensis but thicker, the pubescence and habit and general cliar- acteristics are those of the argoi hyllus group. It has been referred to both Missomiensis and Shortianus, and may be a form of argophyllus var pephragn.enus but the broad and stubby flowers with petals all about elge of the suture), hardly 3 mm. thick in the middle and keeled below (the keel the dorsal suture), trisulcate above by sharp grooves with the central one at the ventral suture and the lateral pair of grooves where the outer wall (now become a wing) joins the dody, the space between the central and the lateral grooves is very convex so that the cross-section is about like the figure "3" but with the upper arc the same as the lower. Seeds many and filling the hairy cavity which splits along the ventral suture but does not open except a little at the end. The dry pods are very light and blow about easily. Flowers about 1.5 cm. long, dull-purplish to dirty-white, with the tips inclined to be purplish but the banner nearly always white, capitate, rarely 12. nearly sessile and with the ovate bracts much lon- ger than the pedicels. Banner water-lined, oblong-oval, about 8 mm. long, arcuate abruptly beyond the calyx teeth to 45 degrees, the sides refiexed near the ba-e to 1 mm.'s width and so making the blade seem fiddle-shaped, deepl} notched and with groove nearly V-shaped and 2 mm. deep and 1 mm. wide below, then becoming 2 mm. wide and IJ- shaped above and vanishing at tip. Wings linear-oblong, a little arcuate, notched below the tip, blunt, close-pressed and convex to keel below and then spreading and horizontal above, pink-purple and striped, 1 mm. wide. Keel sharply arched in the middle to erect and with erect part about 3 mm, long and as long as the base which is straight and with rounded tip, about 1 mm. shorter than the wings which are 2-4 mm. shorter than banner. Calyx about 7 mm. long and 2 mm. high, cylindrical, obliquely-triangular at base and inserted in line with it, the upper side a little arched, laterally flattened, cleft deeper above and oblique at tip, inclined to be nigrescent and densely oppressed pubescent, teeth triangular, about 1 mm. long. Peduncles from spreading to flat on the ground, rarely 5 cm. long in flower or 7 mm. long in fruit, normally shorter than the leaves, rather stout, scapose. Leaves 3-S cm. long, with coarse and persistent petiole^ mostly twice as long as the rachis. Leaflets 3-5 pairs, normally ovnl- obovate, sometimes elliptical to oval, acutish, nearly sessile and thick 5-10 mm. long. Stipules densely imbricatec, triangular-ovate, 5-8 mm 213 Icng, hairy. Crowns several to many, very compact and short, the whole forminsr a dense mat.' Whole plant hoary with very dense and closely appressed pubescence of si en4er,: rotund and finely w^arty hairs attached by the middle.. Common on clay mesas and in sandy washes from Price to Green River and southward at least to Ferron Utah in the Lower Temperate life zone. 173 Astragalus Missouriensis Nntt. Gen..2 (1818). Pod.s about 2 cm. long, 7-8 mm. wide and 5 mm. high, abruptly stout-beaked, rounded at base, straight, rarely a little arcuate, minutely pubescent, strongly and finely cross-wrinkled only, with walls about 1-2 mm. thick when fresh and with the inner wall very woody, the outer skin inclined to peel off a little along the veniral suture but not thr.own back nor wing-like when oltl, pods splitting at both sutures near!}' to the middle and the whole lengtli ;'.iong the ventral suture when ripe and open at the end, inclined to he 4-sided with both sutures raised as keels, and somewhat obconi.^ire.'ised and with rounded edge and rarely sulcate ventrally, with hea':; .-c;;rrely at all flattened Init subuhitc, cross-section nearly round and cavity a little inflated. Flowers about 1.5 cm. long, purple, 9-12. Banner about oval, nearly 1 cm. long, gently arched beyond ca- ly.K teel;h to nearly erect, with sides reflexed about 2 mm. wide below and having an oblong outline, claw white. Wings nearly linear, a little arched, about 1 mm. wide, rounded, about 2-3 mm. longer than keel and 4-5 mm. shorter than banner. Keel tlie same as in A. cymboi les, the erect part as long as the base, with nearly straight sides anrl abruptly upturned in the middle, about 4 mm. high and v^ ith rounded tip. Ca- lyx tube about 7 mm. long, and 3 mm. high, nigrescent, short-cylin- dric, and with straight sides, somewhat laterally/ flattened, nearly trun- cate at base and inserted near the lower corner, somewhat oblique at tip and clel'f a little deeper above, ■ the subulate teeth spreading and about 2 mm. long. Pedicels short and stout, much shorter than the subulate-lanceolate bracts which are hyaline and hairy and about 5 mm. long. Peduncles stout, mostly erect, about 1 dm. long and longer than the leaves. Leaves not 1 dm. long, with petioles about as long as the rachis, rarely persisting long on the old stems. Leaflets about 5 (3-7) pair,s, inclined to be acute at both ends and elliptical, 5-10 mm. long, somewhat thickened, strongly petiolulate, hoary with very fine and appressed soft hairs v>diich are flattened in the middle and very warty and often twisted and attached near the middle. .Stems short, an inch or so long, slender, with internodes seldom as long as the tri- angular and conspicuous but not large stipules, several from a woody root, and habit being more that of .\. argophyllus but not hugging the ground closely. This species grows from Assiniboia and the Saskat- ewan, through the Plains of ^Montana and Dakotah southward to Kan- sas and New !Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas, and westv/ard to Santa Fee and the borders of the Rio Grade drainage at Farmington New Mexico and thence northward in the mountains of Colorado but not on the Pacific slope, common on the Laramie plains and northward through Montana to the foot of the Continental Divide but not appar- ently on the Pacific drainage, upper part of the Lower and lower part of the Middle Temperate life zones, in gravelly and well drained soil. In the var. cuspidocarpus (.Sheldon) the dorsal suture is some- times iiroduced a little and then is A. Shortianus var. minor Gray in part. This si)ecies is the eastern representative of the beautiful A. amphioxys but they never seem to occupy the same region. There is very little to separate this species from A. amphioxys var. vcspcrtinus except the finely ribbed and straight and blunt pods, and leaflets in- elined to be diamond-shaped, and the smaller flowers. Thi% species ap- pears to require the summer showers and cooler air of the Plains and blooms in May, while its congener of the Pacific slope blooms from March to early May and grows in a region with less humidity and few rains and h.igher temperature, and varies far more. A. rerr.ulcus var. 3U ChloricUc is another clos4 relative of this species growing in a still more arid region. 174 Astragalus amphioxys Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 13 336 (1878) This is a very variable species. The tj'pe has pods acuminate at both ends, and the tip tapering into a long and curved subulate beak, the pods often bent into a half circle, 5-8 mm. wide and high, or when much obcompressed 8 mm. wide and 2 mm. high, the cross-|SCCtion then being oblong when fresh, and linear when dry, but cross-section normally nearly round when fresh and tricjuetrous when dry, that is, triangular-cordate, when fresh the surface is ashy and even, when dry it is smoothish from ventral suture about to the middle and then strongly reticulate-corrugated to tiie dorsal suture and along it from end to end, when fresh neither suture is evident but both are very thin and sharp and raised externally along the edges and much thick- ened underneath when dry, when pods are only a little arcuate and scarcely sulcate dorsally the cross-section is inclined to be 4-angled as in A. cymboides and Missouricnsis, and with the same rounded sides, but normally it is so sulcate dorsally as to be triquetrous, walls about 2 mm. thick, neither the outer nor inner skin woody when fresh, thin-cartilaginous when dry, not mottled normally but green, rarely old pods show mottling. Flowers in the type rather narrow and near- ly 3 cm long, loosely short-spicate. rarely 10. Banner oval, gently arched beyond the calyx tips from 10-60 degrees or rarely more, with sides reflexed 2-3 mm. wide below the middle giving it an oblong to triangular outline, groove very wide and shallow and often 7 mm. wide, ■white spot truncate above to obcordatc and oblong to cuneate and ragged above with little purple veinlets and stippled, blade darkest near the white spot and fading out toward the edges. Wings linear to oblong-lanceolate, rounded and obtuse, oblique, ascending, concave to keel but turned out at its tip and horizontal and with their tips de- clined and conniving over the keel, 2 mm. wide, 1-2 mm. longer than keel 4 mm. shorter than banner. Keel about 7 mm. long, abruptly and a little arched above the middle to erect, or nearly so, the tip trian- gular and obtuse but not much rounded, 3 mm. high. Calyx tube 7-10 mm. long and 4 mm. wide, the upper side arcuate a little, the lower side straight, obliquely triangular at base and attached in line with it and cleft deeper above, a little narrowed at tip and somewhat lat- erally flattened, cylindrical, ashy or variably nigrescent with close- pressed hairs, the triangular-subulate teeth equal, a third to one fourth as long as the tube, ascending. Pedicels almost none, very stout. Bracts triangular, about 1 cm. long, hairy. Peduncles 5-15 cm. long, rarely as long as the leaves, rather stout and strict, the fruiting rachis, short and pods few. Leaves 1-1.5 dm. long, narrow, the leaf- rachis rather longer than the petiole. Leaflets elliptical to oval, in- clined to be acute at both ends, rarely obovate and diamond-shaijcd, petiolulaic, rather distant, 5-lOpairs, not niuchthickened. Stemsrather slender, rarely 1 dm. long, zigzag. Stipules rarely overlapping, deltoid to triangular, seldom 1 cm long, adnate, not connate. Plants mostly biecnials but blooming the first year as winter annuals. \\ ith straight and fleshy tap root which is elongated and slender and which at tip is branched into a few crowns. A very earlj' bloomer and not continu- ing long. Pods easily scattered by the w'ind, opening both at tip and base for a short distance. This species though with less easily blow-n pods than the former two species is commot througout the Xa- vajo Basin from the base of the Uintas to Steamboat Springs Colora- do and southward to thh Mogollonsand the Little Colorado at least to Winslow, and extending over on the Rio Grande but rare as far as El Paso Texas, throughout the plateau of northern .Arizona and dr)wn its southern flanks to Prcscott and around the western flanks, also ex- tending down the Colorado through the Grand Canon and westward at least to the Charleston Mts. and northward to Moapa Nevada and 315 St. George Utah. Lower Temperate life zone and going a little int» he Tropical, growing on gravelly soil on mesas in open places. The whole plant is hoary with closely appressed pubescence and the stems are about prostrate. In the same region where the two species overlap in Nevada this hybridizes with A. J.ayneae, A. amphioxys X Layneae, with the pods of amphioxys and tjie flowers and somewhat woolly fine pubescence of Layneae, peduncles 1.5-2 dm. long and with rachis often 1 dm. long. C alyx nigrescent and 5 mm. long, 3 mm. high, short-cylindric, cleft deeper above and with uneqiial teeth, horizontal. Pods rather shortly acute at both ends, about 3 cm. long, about the same as the variety vespertinus. dorsal suture not intruded. Chimihuevis Mts. Arizona (south of Franconia) and my No. 5010 from the copper mine west of St. George Utah, April 4 1894. Some of the plants are elearly 3 years old. The flowers are rather short and stubby, about 2 cm long, tht banner not much longer than the wing, the keel broad. Astragali;s amphioxys var. veepertinus (Sheldon Minn. Dot. Stud. P 150 1894 as species). This is a form hardly deserving varietal rank, with pods about 3 cm. long, narrowly oblong and mostly straight, with the coatings inclined to separate along tlie ventral suture as in A cymboides and with the dry cross-section inclined to be quadrangular, the pods with triangular-acute tip and a little narrowed but not acumi- nate at base. Leaflets not many and fewer pairs, obovate and obtuse. Peduncles normally longer than the leaves. Calyx teeth often 2 mm. long. Conspicuous as are the extremes among the forms of this species there is every gradation in all the chaiactcrs in the same soil and locality. This variety is the common form on the clay slopes and mesas of the Navajo Basin. Coville's plant from th« Panamint Mts. is probably something else. Astragalus amphioxys var. cymbellus N. Var. I,ow and nearly acaulcscent winter annuals. Leaflets from elliptical and acute to broadly obovate and strongly apiculate. 3-6 pairs. Flowers large, white or pink-purple, about 2 cm. long, narrow, with calyx teeth about one fourth as long as the tube. Pedicels short and stout. Bract.s lanceo- late, hyaline, 4-6 mm. long. Banner oval. Wings linear and purple- lipped. Pods oblong to narrowly so, shortly acuminate, narrowed and rounded below, about 2 cm long, and 8-LS mm. wide, nearly round when fresh or a little oblate, with a very firm and woody inner wall and a very soft outer pulp which is transparent and nearly 2 mm. wide. and with the outer skin very thin. The ventral suture extends through the pulp a$ a thin ridge, the dorsal suture also but very narrow. The seeds are horizontal and the cavity smooth within. When dry the pod is deltoid to diamond-shaped in cross-section, with both sutures very much raised and thickened especially the ventral, the sides being very convex along the middle. At maturity and when very dry the outer skin splits away from the inner along the ventral suture throughout and becomes explanate giving the pod an oval appearance. The pulp when dry is often represented by a cellular paper like that of a hor- net's nest which fluffs up along the border and inside of the very thick sutural rims. The seed pedicels run through to the outer skin and ap- p«ar as teeth on the rim. Sutures not intruded. Common in the .San Rafael Swell and the western side of the Navajo Basin generally on clay slopes and benches. It connects with the species by all sorts of intergracles. The ventral ruture varies from much more to much less convex than the dorsal. 175 As' ragalus Ncwbcrryi Gray Proc. .Am. .A.cad. 12 55 (1876). The type of the .species is the most congested and starved form, and is not at all representative of its normal form though very varinhle. Pods nearly 2 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide, ovate to laearly globose, con- Kpicuously inflated, quite oblique, often a little sulcata at base at both futures and somewhat obcompressed, but Ittsrally if at all flattened ai6 above, ending in a short and conical and rather upturned beak, cellu- lar-fleshy when young, coriaceous when dry, deeplj cordate at base, tresh pods almost round in cross-section, very cellular and with close- ly appressed hairs, young pods thin and rather papery, not woody. \ eniral suture a little intruded and thin, but both sutures inconspicu- ous. Flowers brilliant-dark-purple, fading to bluish, with tips darkest, about 2.5 cm. long. Banner oval-ovate, about 1.3 cm long, 3 mm. wide and arcuate to about 3U degrees in a gentle arc from calyx tips, wuli sides retlcxed a little in the middb;, with broad groove forming about a half circle and 3 mm. wide and 2 mm. deep then widening and shal- lowing to a mere groove at tip, white spot reduced to half a dozen white lines low down on each side of the mid-nerve and forming an oblong and truncate to obco; date aiea. Wings a little darker than banner, linear to near the ear, nearly 2 mm. wide and I cm. long and 2-4 mm. longer than keel, concave to keel and horizontal at tip as in \ amphioxys, mostly declined, rounded, much narrower than the keel and with tips mostly touching and one of them not flaring, sometimes there are 2 pairs of wings to a flower. Keel narrow, gently arched beyond the middle to 45 degrees or rarely more, wit i tip much roun- ded, about 2 mm. wide near tip, a little shorter than wings xnd 4-6 mm. shorter than banner, straight. Calyx reddish, a little inflated be- low and narrowed at tip, barely flattened laterally, the upper side a little arched, nearlj' truncate l)elow and only a little obliciuely inserted, about 1 cm long and 3-4 mm. high, v>hite with very fine and rather long and loosely appressed hairs, the teeth 2-4 mm. long, subulate and lath- er lax. Bracts hyaline, hairy, subulate, 4-6 mm. long, twice as long as the stout pedicels. Peduncles hardly as long as the calyx Un the tj^pe), very stout, even the flowers not exserted beyond the leaves. Leaves short, rosulate. many, with petioles often so short as to be al- most undiscernible, but generally conspicuous and longer than the ra- chis and stout. Leaflets 2-3 pairs, obovate, thick, apiculate, densely and closely appressed-hoary-hairy with fine hairs, shortly petiolulate, contiguous, 5-10 mm. long. Stipules ovate. Acaulescent plants with very thick crowns and closely imbricated stipules, forming very dense and small tufts, short-lived perennials from erect roots with few- crowns. Pubescence soft and fine, rather long, dense, white, shaggy on the pods, with slender and somewhat flattened and warty hairs. The above is the type character only. It is a very variable species, the forms being due to shade more than any other ecological factor. It (the type) grows only in very open and warm places where the soil is inclined to be clayey and poor. Lower Temperate life zone, scarce in the southern part of the Navajo Basin, common from Richfield to Marysvale Utah on the Sevier and over to Cove Cr«ek and less common to Pioche Nevada, Peach Springs Arizona and eastward to the Little Colorado. Astragalus Purshii X Newberryi. This hybrid has narrowed and curved pods, more slender petioles, smaller flowers, and rather loose pubescence. This grows on the Sevier. Astragalus Purshii X Watsonianus. This has the leaf and pubes- cence characters of the var. Watsonianus but the other characters of Purshii. This grows in eastern Nevada. Astragalus Newberryi var, Watsonianus (Kunsze) Jones Cont. 1(1 68 (19t)2). Tragacantha Watsoniana Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 942 (1891). A. eriocarpus Watson. Watson's typ^ is an over-developed plant growing in the shade of the sagebrush, in which the peduncles and leaves were relatively much elongated. The pod.s are cordate-ov up) to an erect flat- tish and elongated tip twice as long as the base. Calyx teeth triangu- lar and about 2-3 mm. long. This grows at the copper mine 18 milci west of .St. George Utah, a very rare form. No. 5006. Astragalus Ncwberryi X Eurekensis. This is a very rare hybrid with diamond-shaped leaflets 1-2.5 cm. long, 2-3 pairs, minutely and rather sparsely pubescent with closely apprc-'sed hairs, slender pedun- cles and petioles not conspicuously persistent, the former shorter than the leaves v/hich are 5-S mm. long. Pods more sparingly hairy and obliquelv-oblong-lanceolate and about 2 cm. long. Calyx nigrescent. Flowers purple-tipped. Lake Point Utah, No 1743, May 29 1880. An- other collection much like it is from Richfield and has more oblong leaves and obliquely-oval and sparsely hairy pods about the shape of A. argophyllus. One would expect to find many specimens of this hybrid, but the\' are very rare. 176 Astragalus Eurekensis Jones Cont. 3 291 (1893) and 8 12 ^1898) Pods acu ninate-ianccolate. 2-4 cm. long, about 8 mm. wide and 5 mm. high, arcuate in the middle to over a half-circle generally, notched at base, sulcate ventrally and dorsally at base and toward the middle till the ventral suture touches the dorsal making the cross-section of pods linear, above the pods are laterally compressed toward the rather long and triangulir tip, with pubescence loosely shaggy-silky with rathar long hairs v^fhich do not conceal the brown surface of the strongly reticulated pods which are reddish till fully ripe, sutures raised as strong ribs, pods with base horizontal to ascending, a liltle narrowed below, mostly single to few at the ends of the slender pe- duncles which arc decumbent and shorter than the leaves. Mowcrj cream-white with purple-tipped keel, apP'taring lurid-white when dry. about 2.5 cm. long, narrow, erect. 3-8. Banner elliptical to ovate a«d abou'^ i cm. long, strongly notched, gently arched bcyoncl the calyx to 218 AS degrees, with sides reflexcd at base about 1 mm. wide but not above, thick and rather fleshy below, the groeve deep and half-round and waterlined, about 5 mm. longer than keel. Wings about 2 mm. longer than keel, linear, straight, about 1 mm. wide, with horizontal tips. Keel 7-S mm. long, about 3 mm. wide, strongly incurved from near the middle to erect or nearly so at the tip which is blunt and rounded and about 4 mm. high. Caly.K nigrescent with appre?sed black and spread- ing white hairs, with tube about 7-8 mm. long, a little inflated, some- what narrowed at tip. nearly truncate at base and somewhat obliquely inserted, cieft deeper above, about 3 mm. high, v/ith pubescence be- comins shaggy and long and somewhat spreading, with teeth subulate, arcuate, black and 3 mm. long. Pedicels very short and stout, much exceeded by the triangular spieading bract.s which are 3-4 mm. long. Peduncles 5-8 cm. long, slender, brown and like the petioles but a little thicker. Leaves many, rosulate, 5-10 cm. long, not very narrow, with petioles about as long as the rachis. Leaflets 3-6 pairs, oblong to nai- rowly elliptical, 8-15 mm. long, rather thin, shortly acute at both ends but sessile, not contiguous, thinly pubescent with closely appres.'-ed but rather long hairs, the whole plant with a kind of lead color. The crowns are mostly single and thick with innumerable old and brown leaf-petioles, the stipules narrow and rarely visible. Acaulescent. Roots slender, very long and erect. This very distinct species rarely hybridizes and yet is a close relative of A. Newberryi but has a much restricted range. It grows on sagebrush benches in the foothills un- der tlie shade of the bushes, rarely in the open when it is more con- densed. Common in the Oquirrh Mts. Utah and westward to Detroit but not yet found in the Deep Creek Mts.. southward to Cove Fort, Cedar City and Richfield, eastward from Eureka and Silver City to Nephi, but not yet found in the Wasatch. Lower Temperate life zone, in well drained gravel on slopes. This was referred to A. Thomp- ponae ("syrticolus") by Sheldon but it has little in common with it. It blooms in May. 177 Astragalus coccincus (Parry) Brandegee Zoe 2 72 (1890). A. Purshii var. coccineus Parry West Am. Sci. 7 lO (1890). A. grandiflo- rus Watson not Bungc. It is unfortunate that this magificently flow- ered species cannot retain the name of Watson for its flowers are comparable only by the yellowish A. giganteus and the later A. fune- reus. Pods a little" inflated, inclined to be sulcate below the middle at both sutures and obcompresscd, the cross-section about round above, with the conical tip short and about as wide as high, pods about 3 cm. long and 1 cm. wide, oblong, a little wider above the middle, arched so that the tip is erect or a little more incurved, the base truncate, the sutures neither raised nor thickened, the walls 1 mm. thick when fresh, and full of pulp, seeds filling the cavity which is hairy within when fresh and with elliptical cross-section then. Flowers red, very narrow and with cxserted claws (vvhich are at least as long as caly.xi and narrow blades, the whole about 3 cm. long. Banner elliptic-oval, about 1.5 cm. long, arched about 10 degrees in very gentle arc from calyx teeth to 7 mm. beyond where the groove stops and then straight to the tip, the sidc^ rc'lexed about 4 mm. wide and most below giving the blade an oblon.g appearance, groove obovate and not over 7 mm. long, narrowed below, the cross-section about L^-shaped. red-veined, it stops about 1 cm. below the tip and then becomes a inerc line to tip which is flat and 8-10 mm. wide. Wings nearly 1.5 cm. long and 2 mm. wide, about parallel with the upper side of keel and straight, a cute on tiie lower side of the end, the ear being as long as the rest of the blade' and extending 1 cm. beyond the calyx tube, a little shorter than the keel. Keel Eomcwhat obliquely oblanceolate, straight, trian- gular-acute, 4 mm. wide near the end and with the tip just a little above the middle of the end, about as long as banner. The petals are much like those of Colutea. Calyx hardly 1 cm. long, about 3 mm. high, the cross-section rather triquetrous with upper side 1 mm. wide ai9 and the lower 4 mm. wide, almost straight, the lower side rarely a lit- tle concave! narrowed ami cleft deeper above at the end, but teeth e- (]ual. rather truncate and eciually inserted on the very short and stout pedicels, red, thinly shaggy with fine and spreading tangled hairs, as- cending in flower and fruit. Bracts 3-4 mm. lon;^, triangular, white- shiiggy so as to be concealed by the hairs. Peduncles Z-Z mm. thick, coa' scly sulcale. somewhat curved in fruit. Leaves with the white- slKi^gy petiou- a'- long as rachi.>, the petiole.- and peduncles persist- iri;4 -iMig and closely imbricated below, with i!ie rather sina'! stipules ciiui-ciKmI by the shaggy pubescence. Leaflets 3-5 pairs, ha'diy 1 cm. lung, about cMJiitical, but a little narrower belov. , acutish at !»oth ends and uitli the piilie-rcnce short-shaggy and so;i crown.- le .V and oiten 5 cm. wide, longer tha dense mat Z-A dm. wide combined with the mriny er fleshy, erect and long. From the Panamirji: do desert south of the Salton Sink, blooming in April. The stems do not seem to elongate at all, being reprcsentcil hy the thick crowns. '..hat appre-sed. The wide and forming a leaves. Roots rath- .Mts. to the Colora- Coiit. 12 li ( 178 Astragalus funereus Jone: ly inflated, about 5 cm. long, 1.5 cm from nearly h.ilf-oval to lunate, hoo a little concave and the subulate li,' 3-4 time> a> long as wide, norniil'.* ' and shallow-sulcate at least ventiaii and with walls having scarcely any flesh and ;i the caJNx or a iiltic \\\o\-^. Banner oval-ovate and about 1.5 cm. ionj^ and \.Z cm wide, wit!: side.s reflcxed 5 mm. wide in the middle to 45 degrees and arcuate in gentle arc to 45 de- grees from calyx tip. Groove deeply V-shaped, fully 2 mm. deep and less than 1 mm. wide, abruptly widening 7 mm. below tip of banner, most of it deep-purple and veined with white on the edges, the white spot being present as a narrow band. Wings concave to keel, 3 mm. wide at l)a^e to the middle and then contracted to 2 mm. wide 4 mm. from tiji, very blunt and rounded, a little declined, quite as long as keel. Keel that of A. coccineus but about 1 cm. long and 3 mm. wide and with tip 4 mm. high and a little arched and with the end nearly in line with the upper sifle and obtuse and rounded barely apiculate. the gcner.'il outline being luilf-oblanceolate. The general character of the flowers is that of .A. coccineus but shorter. Calyx tube about 7 mm. long and 3 mm. high and nearly as wirle, a little contracted at both ends, nearly eipially in-erted, the upper side arched a little, not cleft deeper above. nit;re^'h stipules, and about as thick as the peduncles, white-hairy and prostrate. The plants form rather large mats. The roots are thickened, fleshy an short. d Tt bloom.s early in April on clay ridges at Rhyolite Nevada, probably in the Charleston Mts., rare at Tonopah, and Darwin Cal. •^20 179 Astragalus Utahensis (Torr.) T. & G. Pac. R. R. Rep. 2 120 (1855). I'haca nioilissima \ar. Utahensis Toit. Stansb. Rep. 385 t. 2 0853). Pods narrowly ul. long but .'O long-woolly as to seem half- oval, about 2 cm. long, uitl; the body 5-7 mm. wide but appearing 1.5 cm. wide, barely 3 mm. hi^h, with the rather straightish but crinkled hairs about 4 mm. long and spreading almost at right angles. When stripped of the hair.< tlie pods are found to be much obcompresscd nearly throughout and aiched to about one third circle, with tip very short and conical, with bo.h sutures strong and a little raised, inclined to be broadly sulcata at both sutures, with acutish base, opening a little at tip, not inflated, and with seeds hard to get out ;this and the wool- Imess being admirable adaptations for wide distribution), with cross- section oblong to reniform and narrow, with wall? finely cross-wrin- kled and coriaceous and rather thin when fresh but hard and with the outer wail fleshy and 1 mm. thick and the inner one woody, pods loose- ly attached to the calyx, ripe seede olive-colored. Flowers 2-2.5 cm. long, bluish-purple when dry (therefore acid when fresh), about half a dozen on the floral rachis which even in fruit is seldom as long as the flowers. Banner 1-1.5 cm. long, oval, rather deeply notched, with sides reflexed 3-4 mm. wide below the middle, rather abruptly arcuate to 30-45 degrees just beyond the calyx tips and straight to the tip. the white spot broadl)' cuneate and tridentate or with a single acuminate tooth from the center of the rounded or truncate end and beautifully veined with narrow and nearly parallel purple lines running down to the base. Wings linear, about straight, a little larger above and roun- ded, nearly twice shorter than banner and horizontal beyond, 2-5 mm. longer than keel, rarely 2 mm. wide. Keel narrow, about half-.'^patuhilc with the end about 3 mm. wide, the purple tip being a little above the middle of the end as in A. coccineus but very obtuse. Calyx a litiie inflated and hyaline, reddish, with tube about 1 cm. long, 3-6 rnm. wide, a little narrowed at both ends, cleft deeper above, the sides be- ing about straight, inserted on the lower corner on a stout pedicel 2-4 mm. long, sparsely woolly and rarely nigrescent, teeth subulate and about 3 mm. long. Bracts narrowly triangular, very thin and hyaline, 5-10 mm. long. Peduncles stout, barely as long as the leaves, from 1.5 dm. long to very short, prostrate in fruit. Leaves narrow, from 1 dm. long to a few centimeters long and with the slender petioles shor- ter than the leaf-rachis. Leaflets about contiguous, about 8 pairs, softly woolly with short hairs, normally 1 cm. long, but in condensed forms hardly 3 mm. long. Stems densely matted, often forming mas- ses 2 feet in diameter, from 1 nm. long or less to almost acaulescent and with the triangular to acuminate-lanceolate stipules imbricated or concealed in the white wool, elongated in the shade. This species is found mostly on south slopes in the sagebrush in gravelly places from the lower part of the Middle Temperate to the upper part of the Low- er Temperate life zone, from Beaverhead Co. Alont. and the western part of the Green River basin W^yoming to the southern flanks of the Uintas to Price Utah and the eastern slopes of the Wasatch, and west throughout the Great Basin to the Sierras, southward at least to Alarys- vale and Fish lake Utah, Osceola and Tonopah Nevada, southward of the latter place it seems to be replaced by A, coccineus and funereus. It is common as far west as the East Flumboldt Mts. Nevada. It be- gins to bloom in early summer and continues till frost. The pods are like a pellet of wool when dry and blow far, scattering the seeds wide- ly because they rattl* out so slowlj'. It thrives also on loose and dry sandy soil. Roots erect and rather fleshy but not long. This is the most beautiful flower in Utah. 180 Astragalus inflexus Douglas in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 151 1834 Pods 1.5-3 cm. long, 5-10 mm. wide, and rarelj' 3 mm. high, lanceolate to oval-ovate, occasional forms occur that are only 1 cm. long, from simply hooked at tip to arcuate nearly to a circle, sulcatc ventrally 221 from the base to the middle, much obcomieressed till the cross-sec- tion is nearly that of the figure oo, flattened dorsally to broadly sul- catc in the middle, with sutures not intruded, abruptly rounded (rarely acuminate) at base and with a boss-like pseudo-stii)e at the junction with calyx, coriaceous when dry and finely corrugated, when fresh the wall is 1 mm. thick with the inner part woody only, pubescence of l)ods from rather sparse and rarely 1 mm. long but spreading to dense and sliaggy and woolly and 4 mm. long, tip of pod conspicuously flat- toned and prow-lilce and deltoid to triangular-acuminate and longer than wide, nm-tl}" ;.;rcen-cdged, conspicuously'- different from those of A. rt;ihcn-i-. iii r. i- -picate. Flowers brilliant-pink-purple, about i cm. ion--, in 1om-c iic.ids and becoming short-.-^picate in fruit. Banner ovai o\aU', a liltle u\er 1 cm. long. Nvith sidc« refle.xed about 3 mm. wide below llie middle, aliruptly arched just lieyond the caly.x tips to 4.^ degree-^ and then straight to the tip, inclined to appear fiddle-like by the -ilc- In-ing reflexed at tip, wjth groove deep and large and 2 mm. wide and 1 mm. deep at keel-tip and then vanishing above, white- spot tan shaped and filling the groove and coming within 2 mm. of lip and purple-veined. Wings linear, entire, concave to keel and with tip horizontal and with the concave side up, straight, deep-purple, about 3 ;n;n. longer than keel and 4 mm. shorter than banner. Keel aliout 5 mm. long and 3 mm. high, arcuate sharply from near the base to fully erect at the rounded tip. Caly.K tube about 1 cm. long. 4-5 mm. wide, not appearing inflated, cleft a little deeper above and with base a little n irrowed and inserted on the lower corner at the fleshj' end. reddish and thin, sparsely short-woolly, teeth 3-6 mm. long, often half as long a* the calyx and from subulate from a deltoid base to filiform-tip])ed. i'.racts ei|u,illy variable and from about as long as the teeth to 1 cm. 1 ) ig. Peduncles stout and about 5-7 cm. long. Leaves narrow, 7-10 cm. long, the petioles rarely over twice as long as the lowest leaflet. I-ciHets about 10 pairs, mostly contiguous, broadlj' to narrowly ellip- tic,!, aeuti^h at both ends, rarely rounded at tip and somewhat obo- \ ate. about 1 cm. long when fully developed, softly silky-woolly with mostly rather long hairs. .Stipules elongated, triangular-subulate. -Ste n> zigzag, the internodes in the best developed forms being 1-3 cm long and making the stems 1-2 ft. long, mostly prostrate. Stipules not iml>ricated. This species prefers sandy places on southern slopes in the .Middle and Lower Temperate life zones in the Columbia Basin. It runs up the .Missoula at least to Missoula Mont, and seems to pass o\ er the Continental Divide to Helena though most of the higher alti- tude forms are the variety. It seems also to reach the Great Basin on the eastern side of the Sierras in northern Nevada. The type does not see n to reach above the great bend of the Snake river at Huntington though puzzling intergrades do. It blooms in early summer. Astragalus inflexusvar. glareosus (Douglas) Tones Cont. 10 62 (19')2). -\ i;lareo.-us Douglas in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 1.S2 (1834). This is a form with pods inclined to be hooked at tip, w itli slencler pe- duncle^ often 1 dm. long but sometimes very short, with stems so short that the stipules overlap ojr are closely' imbricated, the many leaves with leaflets nearly linear to narrowdy elliptical and \ cry acute at both ends and rather distant and mostly -sparsely long silkv-woo'Uy but the i)l,ints still with a greenish look. Throughout the Columbia drainage hut mo-;t common along the Snake river to the Yellowstone Park, Middle Temperate life zone mostly. Tliis l^looms in .^i)ril and May and gi'ows in the sagebrush on well drained slopc'^ and in open valleye but not in alkaline ground. The form described by Xelson as A. nudisiliiiuu-^ had old pi^ds where decay had lo isened the hair.s on the pods which haasin with the densely matted stems forming thick crOv.Mis which do not elongate, f^eaves rarely 5 cm. long. Tiie leaflets 6-8 pairs, elliptical, acutish, 5-8 nm. long, more hoary than the tyi)e. Flowers 1.5-2 cm. long and with narrow, not noticeably inflated calyx. Cah'x teeth a third to a (|uarter as long as the tube. Bracts and pedicels shorter. Banner liardly longer than the wings. Pods rarely over 1.5 cm, long, barely more than oblique, and with very shortand inconspicuous tip mosMy concealed in the dense wool which generallj- conceals the nhape of tlie pods. Wings horizontal at tip. This is the common form of the Inr.- humidity regions of the Great P!ate.-iu in the mountains and foothills in gravelly or rocky soil from Nortli Park Co'orru'o to Pnnguilcli lake Ul;!!i aiu] Pioche X'cvy'a and \sesi\vard to ilic Sierras and noilhward to the riui of the Great I'asin. It grows throu.qhout the Middle Temperate life zone and far down in- to ihe Lower. It reaches an a!t. of 9U00 ft. In the mountains iv pre- fers rocky ridge^, and in the vallej's grows in the brush on gravelly slopes but not in the shade. It is one of the earliest bloomer*, coining out along with A. Xewberryi. a month earlier than A. Utanen.'-i- Oc- casionally the flowers are tinged with pink or purple, but the eiifiets are not obovate. A. consectus Sheldon is an intergrade between this and the variety loiigilobus, with obovate leaflets. Astragalus Purshii var longilobus Jones Cont. 5 269 (1853 . This is a form with the brilliant pink-purple flovvcrs of A. inflexus but the calyx teeth very variable. Stems matted-acaulescent. Caly.x some- what inflated. Peduncles rather stout and longer than the leaves. Pubescence loosely long-woolly and not matted. Leaflets hardly 1 cm. long, oblong- obovate, acute or obtuse, about 5 pairs, contiguous. Leaves rarely 7 cm. long. Pods those of the type and densely long- sliaggy with hairs 3-4 mm. long. Bracts elongated. Intergrading forms occur w ith shorter caly.x teeth, white flowers, and the narrow leaves of Pir-'-liii This is the most common form from the Charleston mountains Nevada to the .San P>ernardinos and Owen's valley of Cali- fornia arid Hawthorne Nevada. It is readily mistaken for A infle.xus but is stemless and with the long peduncles and the very shaggy pods of A. Purshii and with its short keel. Astragalus Purshii var. leucolobus Jones Cont. 5 270 (1893) and 1(1 61 (191)2). This is a much branched and short--temmed form with the internodes barely as long as the stipules. Peduncles longer than the lea\es. Bracts and calyx teeth as in A. Utahensis, relatively short. Calyx inflated, broadiy-oblong, and with the teeth hardly 1 cm. long, truncate below and inserted on the lower corner, loosely long-woolly as in A. inflexus. Flowers purple, stubby, hardly 1.5 Cm. long, blades nearly equal. Leaves 3-7 cm. long. Leaflets about 6 pairs, oval to obovate, rounded, rarely acutish, mostly hardly 5 mm. long, though sometimes 1 cm. long and obovate. Pods oblong, conspicuously fal- cate, with short and felted wool hardly 1 mm. long, aboiit 1.5 cm. long, with a long and subulate beak from an abruptly contracted base. This .-ippears very distinct but it intergrades with the above. It is the pre- vailing form on the western side of the Sierras and San Bernardinos. Lower Temperate life zone. Astragalus Purshii var. tinctus Jones Cont. 5 269 (1893). This is a form with loosely branche(l but densely caespitosc and slender stems sometimes a foot long but the season's growth rarely 1 dm long, the internodes rarely as long as the stipules and white-woolly. Pedun- cles about as long as the leaves. Flowers about 2 cm. long, purple, about as in .\. Utahensis but with the keel of Purshii. Pod.% broadly ovate to broadly oblong, a little arched, 1-1.5 cm. long, a little sulcate ventrally, densely long-woolly as in A. Utahensis. Leaves rarely 1 dm. long. Leaflets about 4 (3-6) pairs, oblong-obovate and apiculate. about 1 cm. long. Calyx teeth normally subulate and half as long as the tube and the subulate bracts 1 ciu. long, but teeth twice as short. This intergrades with the vars. longilobus and lectuUis. It is the common form of the northern Sierras on both sides in the Middle Temperate life zone and running up a little into the Upper, among rocks and gravel in open places. Most common at Soda Spring near Summit Nevada Co. Cal. and Carson City Nevada, a form intergrad- ing with this and A. Purshii grows at Tehachapi. This variety extends northward at least to Goose lake. Astragalus Purshii var. lectulus (Watson) Tones Cont. 10 61 (1902) A. lectulus Watson Proc. Am. .\cad. 22 471 (1887). This is the most reduced and remarkable form with the straggling stems of the var. tinctus, and white-wooliy but still more slender and forming loose 2?4 mats. Peduncles slender, from almost none to 1-2 cm. long, about 3- ilowered. Flowers purple, about 1 cm. long, the blades hardly 5 mm. long. Caly.K teeth very variable but bracts and stipules elongated^ the tube about 5 mm. long and 2 mm. wide. Pods broadly ovate, only' ob- tuse, from 7 mm. long and lanceolate to arched into a circle and 1 cm. long, forming either a dense mass of wool or shortly and closely lekcd. Leaves nearly 3 cm. long, with petiole mostly longer than the racliis. Leaflets about 3 pairs, closely contiguous, cuneate-obovate, rounded and obtuse to apiculate, about 1 cm. long. This grows from r>ear valley in the San Bernarrlinos to Crook Co. Oregon and along the eastern slope of the Sierras, in gravel and sand, Middle Temperate life zone. nb 19 MALACI. Pods narrowly oblong to nearly linear, partly to wholly 2- celled, inclined to be fleshy, not inflated, rather laterally flatten- ed to conspicuously oljcompressed, pubescent but never woolly, smooth in A. succumbens, sessile, 2.5-7 cm. long, mostly reddish and racemose, capitate in the A, Parryi group. Stems tufted, erect, spreading, with few internodes but never aeaulescent. Pe- duncles about terminal. Calyx teeth and bracts inclined to be lax and long. Flowers large, about 2 cm. long. Calyx cylindri- cal and with teeth over half tlie whole. Petals broad, short- clawed. Leaves long and narrow, with many large, broad and obtuse to barely apiculate leaflets, and large and hyaline stipules which are not couiuito above. Perennials, except A. succum- bens, not woody. Pubescence of leaves shaggy, puberulent and only ashy in A. ensiformis, and silvery and appres?ed in A. Layneae. The sections of this group though loosely related are nearer to eachother than to other groups. KEY. A. Flowers capitate, few, white. Calyx almost as wide as long. The pods linear-lanceolate, much obcompressed, sulcate dorsally, acumi- nate, very fleshy, cartilaginous when dry, about 3 cm. long and 5 mm. wide. Plants densely pubescent. Compare this group with the Sar- cocarpi. Pods not 2-celled, shaggy. 182 Farr}i. Pods 2-celled, pu erulent. 183 Feensis. 2A. Flowers shortly racemose and few. Pods broadly linear, round in cross-section when fresh, not sulcate, apiculate, 3-5 cm. long, pu- berulent, reddish. Plants only pubsrulent, wii^h the habit of A. ciba- rius. I "■4 ensiformis. 3A. Flowers racemose, rather many. Pods acuminate, often sulcate, seldom fleshy, 3-7 cm Ion?, mostly pubescent. Plants strongly pu- bescent. Leaflets from about oval to obovate and very obtuse, and very pubescent. Stipules large, narrow and acuminate. Pods much Literally flattened, not long-acuminate, 6-8 mm. high, shaggy. Flowers pink-purj)le. Pubescence shaggy. 185 malacus. Pods not laterally flattened, long-acuminate, not over 3 mm. high, not shaggy. Flowers white with purple tips. Pubescence not shaggy. 186 Layneae. 4A. Pods linear, not acuminate, arcuate, much laterally flattened and with concav» sides, deeply sulcate dorsally and 2-celled, the ventral suture raised as a thin wing, sessile and jointed to the calyx, papery, not inflated. Flowers about 2 cm. lon°:, in short spikes. Pubescence loose, rather coarse, of hairs taperin cm. long, shortly stipicate, much laterally flattened, about 7-8 mm. high and 2 mm. wide, chartacenus and but little fleshy, nearly straight to strongly arcuate, *2-celledexce,;t at very tip by a hyaline partition, but sulcate ventrally, and vvitli that -iitnre rather thick and' raised, narrowly sulcate dorsally to the tii-i. j' '.-'>■ --haggy with hairs 1-3 mm. long which are spreading at a ri-l:; an.-iie, n-^ually mottled on the surface, with cross-section linear-triarjgular, rather abruptly acumi- nate at tip into a flat and vpcnrvecl beak which varies from several times longer than wide or shorter or sometimes even deltoid, at other times with very long and subulate beak, papery when dry, densely set. Flowers about 2 cm. long, pink-purple on the blades, .-^preiding and rather densely spicate. Banner oblanceolate. 7-10 mm. long, abruptly arched beyond the calyx teetli to 30-45 degrees, with sides reflexed 1 mm. wide in the middle, about ?> mm longer than keel, white spot large, purple-veined. Wings linear, barely longer than keel, somewhat ar- cuate, about 1 mm. wide, and with rounded and horizontal tips. Keel about 5 mm, long, with straight base and then abruptly arclied to erect, 3 mm. high, with tip blunt and rounded or truncate. Calyx tube about 7 mm. long, with sides about straight, almost truncate at base and thick and rathei obljriuely inserted, very thin, nigrescent, and shaggy with long and spreading hairs, cflet deeper above, laterally flat- tened. Calyx teeth subulate, about 2-4 mm. long. Pedicels almost none. Bracts subulate-lanceolate, from half to nearly as long as the calyx, hyaline, long-fringed. Peduncles stout, about 1 dm. long and hardly as long as the leaves, the floral rachis so short at first as to put the flowers in heads and then elongating with age. Leaves 1-2 dm. long, with stout and tapering petiole* and rachis, the latter the longer. Leaflets 7-10 pairs, ellij/tical to oval, 1-2 cm. long, green or dark, with long and shaggy spreading hairs like the stems, peduncles and calyx, with fine hairs which are somewhat flattened and twisted and from an enlarged base. Stipules very thin and hyaline and green-veined, trian- gular-acuminate, 1-1.5 cm. long, adnate. not connate. Proper stems rarely a foot long, with few internodes, the upper one rarely 8 cm. long, tufted from the few and woody crowns. Pubescence variable from 1-3 mm. long. Plants growing in good gravelly soil on benches in the sagebrush, I^ower Temperate life zone, throughout the western part of the Great Basin and southward to the Mojave desert, northward to the rim of the Basin and Stein's Mt., eastward but a short distance from the base of the Sierras, Owen's valley Candelaria Nevada and the Blue Mts Oregon, and up the Snake river in the Columbia Basin from Huntington to Glenn's Kerry. Astragalus malacus var. cbfalcEtus (Xclson). A. obfalcatus Nel- son Bot. Gaz. 54 -111 (1912). This is a robust form (hardly de-c'\ir.g varietal rank) with much larger leaves. Pods falcate, 3-4 cm. long, 6-8 mm. h igh. 3-4 mm. wide, long-ncuminate. Calyx lobes about as long as tube. F>racts with long and capillary tijis. Leaflets 2 cm. long. Plants about a foot high. Intcrgrades also occur. Lioml'use to Huntington. This was first found by Cleburne at Weiser in 1883, then by myself there and at Glend's Ferry about 1903. 'Z2i 185 Astragalus Layneae Greene Bull. Cal. Acad. 3 156 (1885). Pods 3-5 cm. long, arched even to a ciride at times, long-acuminate, narrowed below and short-stipitate, when fresh, somewhat fleshy, with walls 1 mm. thick and with cross-section about reniiorm, when dry the pod.s are triquetrous and very broadly sulcate dorsally from the base toward the tip but conspicuously flattened laterally above, the dorsal suture intruded about half way but not as a thin partition, being simply unchanged sides of the sulcus united for a space 1-2 mm. wide, to the middle at least, where the pods arc 1-celled to the tip. pods mottled, shortly and thinly apprc-sed-hairy, to almost smooth, with ventral suture raised and thin externally, sometimes the pods are completely cumpressed and with linear cross-section, they are then very falcate. they arc reflexed or ascending. Flowers conspicuously white and with oiuy the tips purple, 1.5 cm. long, racemose, many, rather stubby Banner mostly white, about 7 mm. long, oval-ovate, with sides reflexed 3 mm. wide below, abruptly arcuate to 45 degrees just beyond calyx, with sides refleN.ed to the tip making the blade appear triangular, the very tip purple or purple-veined, white spot obcordate and striate, the groove V-shaped and 2 mm. deep and reaching the tip. Wings linear- cuneate, a little over 2 mm. wide, at tip, rounded, straight or a little arcuate, concave to keel, with tips meeting, about half as wide as keel, purple 3 mm. back from tip. Keel straight, about 5 mm. long, abrupt- ly erect and 3 mm. high, the tip dark and deltoid. Calyx almost cam- panulate, hardly 5 mm long and 4 mm. wide, the upper side arched and the lower straight, truncate below and inserted near the corner on a very short and stout pedicel, dark with short and appressed hairs, thin, with teeth black, triangular and about 1 mm. long. Bracts ovate to ovate-lanceolate, barely 4 mm. long, sparsely hairy above. Peduncles stout and strict, from shorter than the leaves to much longer, 1-3 dm. long and with the floral rachis nearly as much more, l^eaves with short petioles which are about a third the whole and stout but taper- ing but little. Leaflets about 6-8 pairs, hardly contiguous, oval, about 1 cm. long, long-petiolulate, sometimes notched, rather closely ap- pressed-puberulent with tangled and long hairs and inclined to be sil- very. .Stipules deltoid or very broad, rarely 1 cm. long. Proper stems from almost. none to a foot long, very zigzag (that is bent abruptly at each node, in distinction from flexuous which can mean bent between the nodes), with internodes rarely 2 cm. long, several from slender root-branches. Leaves mostly flat on the ground. This grows on the gravelly desert benches in the lower part of the Lower Temperate life zone, blooming in April, and seeming to thrive best in rather sandy places. From Chloride .Arizona to .Amargosa desert and westward to the Sierras. Astragalus amphioxys x Layneae. This is a hybrid occurring on the eastern border where it has the pods of .A., amhioxys but either wholl} 1-cclled or jxirtly so and more fleshy than Layneae, and with the leaves and flowers of that species. Astragalus malacus x Layneae. This is a rare hybrid on the wes- tern border with the flowers and pubescence of A. Layneae, and pods var3ing toward A. amphio.xys. 187 Astragalus succumbens Douglas in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 151 (1834). Pods about 4 cm. long. 5 mm. high, and 2 mm. wide, w^ith the cross-section linear-triquetrous, ascending (but the calyx nearly hori- zontal), arched to about one third circle, splitting the calyx, main-, spicate, delicately cross-nerved, with declined and short tip. Flowers ascending, nearly white and with jiink-purple base. Banner oblong- ovate, about 8-10 mm. long and 7 mm. wide, very deeply notched and water-lined, with sides not reflexed, gently arcuate at calyx tips to erect, groove U-shaped below and widening to nothing above and fil- ling about one tihrd of the banner. Wings almost straight, as long as banner and very conspicuous. 3-4 mm. wide, rounded, lacerate at tip. 329 hali-linear-elliptical, convex to keel at base, then a little flaring, white but pink-tinged, 6 mm. longer than keel. Keel oblong, about S mm, long, 2 mm. high below and with large ear, a little higher at tip and 3 mm. high, the base straight nearly to the end and then sliariily rounded to erect, the very tip a little outwardly turned and li; purple at tip, wings and banner transparent ■• inflated, much laterally flattened. \\ ith strai little, clcfi (Irci'rr :.l).)\-e. . id lleshv •■ ■ ■ per nea hed din,u-l green and ratliei ii.:n; .imi 'a;iii I ' ing, not connate, the lowest delt.^ axUlary about 5 cm. long, si)reaii, longer. Leaves hardly 1 dm ionj;, n.: oles and tapering rachis. Leaflets (5 8 : rowly obovate, 1-1.5 cm. long, rou.nd< , but really of short-shaggy, fine, .-inci. l)ranched below, very zigzag, from -!■ v the central one erect or nearly so, tlio , ground. This grows in sand and on rocky liill ^ the Columbia Basin near Walla Walla, Umatilla. ported from Baker City, Tow^r 1".:'mperatc lif June. This uniijiu- plant :!' lii-i i :■ ^Ji t appear- Galegiformes than any olhii, .iml -^ninccting tli; mosi, the pods very much -u.u;,m.',-l! ii.g that on a k l)ara-e, tlie u;)per 4 mm, white, nearly flat, the tip a little incurveil. Keel da'.-k i-u'ple tipped, blunt, gently arcuate from near the liase to one third cii'cle or sharjily to a half-cirlc and then 3-4 mm, long and high. Caly.x pink, a little inflated, becoming nar- rower and wliite with age, sliaL^gy with spreading hairs, laterally flat- tened, gibbons, ascnding. with tube about 7 mm. long and 4-5 mm, wide, \\ ith subulate teeth about half as long as tube. Bracts persis- tent, rather large, from 4-10 mm. long. Peduncles stout, erect or de- clined ;ind sc;ipo>c, .5-20 cm. long, mostly shorter than the leaves, the fruiting racliis about as long as the peduncle. Ltaves 7-20 cm. long, with petioles as long as the rachis. Leaflets nearly round to oval, very obtuse, about 12 pairs, 7-20 mm. long in the type densely shaggy with yellow hairs. Stems normalh'^ almost none and with the thick crowns sometimes a little produced and woody and with closely im- bricated stipules which are 1-2 cm. long. This very variable species is common in the Rio Granrle valley and westward at least to Flag- staff .Arizona and the Santa Ritas and to Monterey and Durango Mex- ico. It grows mostly in the Lower Temperate life zone, going down a little into the Tropical, in gravel on dry benches, in the open and blooming in early sj^rinu. Astragalus Bigelovii var. Matthewsii (Watson Proc. .A.m. Acad. 18 192 1883 as species). This differs in no respect from the type except that the flowers are loosely spicate, the bracts green and lanceolate and longer, and the pods are about 1.5 cm. long and conspicuously in- flated and chestnut-shaped, nearly as wide as long and about half as high. Fort Wingate New Mexico on the Little Colorado in the Nav- ajo Basin. Astragalus Bigelovii var. Thompsonae (Watson) Jon^s Cont. 8 23 (1898). A. Thompsonae \yatson Proc. Am. Acad. 10 MS (1875) as species. Pods ovate to acuminate-lanceolate, 1-3 cm. long, conspicu- ously arcuate normally to a half circle, hardly 1 cm. wide and rarely 7 mm. high, decidcilly obcompressed and with cross-section about that of the figure oo , with tip 1-celled a distance of 4-7 mm. down, shortly velvety-shaggy, with walls about 2 mm, thick when fresh. Flowers rather light-purple and with lighter bases, about 2 cm. long, loosely spicate. Banner arched abruptly at calyx tii)s to 45-75 degrees, ap- pearing fiddle-slia])ed, with side-^ reflexcd a little below, with white spot finely stippled and notched and obovate. Wings horizontal at tip and rather narrower. Calyx tube 7-10 mm. long, teeth rarely over one third as long as tube and often black-shaggy, liracts often nearly as long as calyx. Peduncles rarely shorter than the leaves, often 2 dm. long, stout, ascending, with many flowers and asi;ending pods. The «33 leaves acuminate. Leaflets gradually smaller, often 20 pairs, with the pubescence very fine and inclined to be shaggy-woolly and white but the dark-green of the leaves not wholly concealed. About stcmless, with several thick crowns from the thick and fleshy root, not at all woody. This form is even more beautiful than the species, but it in- tergrades at all points. It is a better developed form and is never yel- low and has much longer pod.s. It grows in a more arid region, show- ing that the species of the Plains (the type) is near its eastern climat- ic limit, and is better adapted to more western regions. This is also evi- dent from the fact that western forms are more specialized. Through- out the Xavajo Hasin from the base of the Uintas to the Wasatch and Chepeta Well (Colorado) east of Vernal Utah, southward through Man- cos and Farmington New Me.xico and westwarrl along the Colorado to Pioche Nevada, and northward through Wa \Va (west of Frisco) and as far as Cottonwood Spring west of St. John Utah on the desert side. Fower Temperate life zone in sandy and loose gravelly soil, apparent- ly not growing on the Sevier though to be expected. 189 /*8:ragalus Phoenicis Jones Cont. 8 12 (1898). Pods cylindri- cal or nearly so. 2 cm. long, 5 mm. wifle and about 3-4 mm. high, nar- rowly oblong, straight, liarely splitting the calyx, obcompresscd a lit- tle, scarcely sulcate ventrally, the somewhat flattened beak triangular and a simple projetion of the nearly straight ventral suture and not at all upturned, partition hardly complete even in the middle, pods finely and appressed and very short-pubescent, about a third longer than the calyx. Flowers horizontal to ascnding. Banner oval, gently arched to 45 degrees from the calyx tips, the blade about 1 cm. long, with the sides reflexed 1 mm. wide, the claw rather long. Wings oblanceolate. gently arcuate, a little longer than keel and 2 mm. shorter than ban- ner. Keel straight, the tip erect and blunt and gently arcuate from the base. Calyx tube about 7 mm, long and 3 mm. wide, nearly twice as long as the triangular teeth, densely appressed-short-liairy. a little wider below, rather truncate below and obli(iuely attached. Pedun- cles scapose, about L5 dm. long including racliis which is about one third the whole and rather loosely flowered, erect. Leaves 5-8 cm. long, silvery-silky with short and appressed hairs, the petioles half the whole. Leaflets 10-15 pairs, contiguous, oval, 7 mm. long, obtuse. Stipules broad, not over 1 cm. long, acuminate, puberulcnt. Stem.s caespitose, hardly 2.5 cm. long, covered by the imbricated stipules. Plants with the general habit of A. amphioxys. Northern .Arizona, Palmer, Hillsboro New Mexico. Diehl. Lower Temperate life zone. This may be only a form of A. Humboldtii, but the pods are more sym- metrical, it has the calyx of that ^ p2cie<. 190 Astragalus Humboldtii Gray Proc. .Am. Acad 6 l'J5 (!8'^4'. Pods oblong to oblong-lanceolate. 7-15 mm. long, about 5 mm wide and 2-3 mm. high, arcuate, with side- inclined to be rugu!o-e, closely felted when young and becoming smoother or even almost smooth when ripe, with the deltiod to triangular beak abru]>t but stout and rarely oblique, nearly or fully 2-celled to a little above the middle and then 1-celled to tip as in the var. Tho npsnnae above. Flowers purple or white, in oblong heads or short spikes, about 1.5 cm. long. Banner gently arched to 45 degrees or less beyotid the calyx tips, with sides folded back to the midrib fully 3 mm. wide opposite the keel and less so above and giving the banner an oblong appearance, somewhat notched. White spot beginning about 3 mm. below the tip is oblong and purple-veined above. Wings nearly straight, linear-oblong, ob- tuse, rounded, with lower side a little notched, about 3 mm, longer than keel, 1 mm. wide, white beyond the keel, flat or slightly concave to it, 4-6 mm shorter th;in banner. Keel about as high as long, with tip rounded and erect, about 3 mm. wide in the middle, gently arched from base, dark-jnirple. Calyx tube about 5 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, rather truncate below and attached on the lower corner, with pubes- cence short and rather appressed, with the subulate teeth rather more Z6o than half tlie tube, I'.ract? thin as in the other species, 5-7 mm. long, ['ediinoles 1-J dm. lung. Leaves narrow and somewhat tapering, gen- erally as li.Mig as peduncle or more, petioles rather shorter than the ra- cliis. I.eatlets oiien ^0 pairs, about oval-ovate, mostly acutish, hardly conLiguou>, seldom 1 cm. long, with densely and mostly yellow-felted pubescence, nearly -ensile. Stems from hardly any to short and spread- ing on the grt)und. l-iare in southern Arizona and New Mexico, and laiher comiuun from Chihuahua and Durango Mexico and southward, Uio-t.y fiopical on dry benches and slopes, blooming in April and May. I'his is little more than a well-marked variety of A. Higelovii. 191 Astragalus mollissimus Torr. Ann. Lye. i\. Y. 2 178(1828). Pods linear-ol)long, about 2 cm. long, 5 mm. wide and 3 mm. high, tiuni a little arcuate to curved into a half circle, rugulo.se, inclined to 1 e narrowed at the boss-like base, triangular-acute, with the flat beak not or rarely obiicjue (as in A. llumboidtin. about 2-celled nearly to the tip, inclined to be velvety-pubescent when young but smooth with age, not inflated. Flowers purple, about 2 cm. long, spicate. Banner al)out oval, 1 cm. long, arched rather abruptly at end ot calyx tube to 3U-45 degrees and then straight, with sides reflexed about 2 mm. wide in the middle, white spot filling the blade to within 2 mm. of the sides and purple around the upper end. Wings broadly linear, about 2 mm. wide, white at tip, a little arcuate, about 2 mm. longer than keel and often nearly as long as the banner. Keel with straight base, about 5 mm. long and then abruptly erect and 3 mm. high, very obtuse and rounded, purple-tinged or striped. Calyx tube 5-7 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, about as in A. Bigeloxii, a little wider below and truncate and inserted, on the lower and fleshy corner, loosely long-shaggy, with the subulate teeth about hall as iong as tube. Bracts reaching the middle of calyx. Pedicels very shnrt. Peduncles 1-3 dm. long, subscapose, stout, mostly about as long as the leaves. Leaves not conspicuously acuminate, with petioles not over half the whole. Leaflets lU-15 pairs from nearly ovate and acute to broadly elliptical and obtsue, 1-2 cm. long, variably silky-hairy with long hairs which are a little felted and generally yellowish. Stems straggling upward, with few nodes, rare- ly 1 dm long, with short internodes. Crowns inclined to be woody. This dill'er- from A I I un.biildtii in the shaggy calyx and smooth pod.s and fro.u A. l'.i and mo.e .'.cute leaflets which also are normally larger. Northern Cdior.idu at Windsor and eastward to Nebraska and southward to Texas and w e>tward to Flagstaff .Arizona, not in the Navajo Basin, common on the Plains in gravel. Lower Temperate life zone. This is the "Loco" a stock poison, affecting the motor nerves and the vision. Being the first green thing out in the spring stock get to eating it and soon are poisoned so that they stagger and become emaciated and finally crazy, when taken away from it they appear to reco\'er but ne\ er are reliable again. .A., lentiginosus and Pattersoni have the same effect. It is probable that most of the ^pi- cies are poisonous but do not come out till there is plenty of forage. Stock will not eat it if there is anything else to eat. 192 Astragalus giganteus Watson Proc. Am. .Acad. 17 370 (1882). Pods oval-ovate, conspicuously inflated, from a little oblicpie toilecifl- edly obcompressed, about 1 cm. long, 7 mm. wide and 3-5 mm. high, strongly cross-wrinkled, slightly sulcatc dorsally and with sutures very convex, truncate ami strongly attached to calyx, strongly mucro- nate at tip with the flattish and deltoid beak several times wider than long, ventral suture deeply depressed forming a groove from base to two thirds of the way up then strongly humped and recurved to form the rather declined but nearly symmetrical beak, the pods suggest very ? trongly those of .A. Canadensis var. Carolinianus. Flowers yellow- ish, inclined to be reflexed, 1.5-3 cm. long, narrow. Banner about ovate, with sides reflexed a little below, arcuate 30-45 degrees at end •234 of calyx tube ami abruptly so. straiglil beyond, hardly 1 cm. long. Wings linear, about straight, about /-?> mm. longer than Ueel and near- ly as much shorter than banner. The keel straight to near the tip and then abruptly erect, about 3 mm. higii. rounded. Caly.\ tube 7-8 mm. long and 3 mm. high, truncate below. in>eric(l on ihe iower and fleshy corner, yellowish with loosely appre-sed l)ut rather long hairs with shorter ones felted below. Pedicels rather slender, about 4 mm. long in fruit and a.s long as the triangular-subulate bracts. Peduncles 2 3 dm. long, shorter than the leaves. Leaves short-petioled. Leaflets rather conspicuously smaller above, of many pairs, elliptical, incl'ned to be diamond-shaped and acute, 2-4 cm. long, finely and rather sparsely silky-felted with appres>cd and tangled hair.s and with some longer onei intermixed and mostly yellowish. Stems 1-3 ft. high, f ex- iious, rarely erect, stout, with rather few internodcs much sho'ter than the leaves. Blooming in summer and fall, growing on moist banks and gravelly bars along streams from Fort Davis in western Texas to the White Mts. New Mexico and souttward to Guerreiro ■ Mex. Pringle's No. 1218 distributed as jjart of the type of A. Yapuiauus is this specic>. Astragalus giganteus var. Yaquianus (Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 23 270 18.^8 as species). This differs from the ^ pecies on y in the calyx tube being 1.5 cm. long, the petals with exserted cla\\ . the lanceolate and little arcuate banner about \.S. cm. long, the na rowly-oblong wings a little longer than the keel, and keel hardly at u 1 arcuate, obliquely oblanceolate. half cuneate, and acutish. Stems a e much shorter and straggling upward, the leaves longer and less pube^ cent and with larger leaflets. Sierra Madie Mts. iMexico from Colo nia Juarez to the Yaqui river along stream beds just on the edge of the Tropical life zone. 193 Astragalus Orizabae Seaton Proc. .Am. Acad. 28 117(18^3"* Pod rugose, about 1.5 cm. long, when nearly globose 1 cm. wide and high, when ovate (as in the variety) it is 2 cm. long and a little arched the ventral suture is straight and deeply sulcate but not so dorsally, beak conical and declined and 1-2 mm. long, base cordate, surface somewhat short-hairy and sparsely felted, pod.s distinctly inflated, in dense and sohrt spikes, on peduncles shorter than the leaves. FHowers 2 cm. long, narrow, ochroleucous or purple-tinged, in short and dense Spikes, spreading. Banner linear-oblanceolate, 1.5 cm. long, slightly ascending, with sides reflexed in the middle 2 mm. vk-ide, narrowed at tip, fully 1 cm. longer than keel and 5 mm longer than wings. Wings linear, straight, about 2 mm. wide, rounded. Keel with exserted claw, 5 mm. long.^2-3 mm. high, half-rhomboidal, with the rounded, purple tip nearly erect, with base straight to the middle and then sharply ar- cuate to nearly 91) degrees. Calyx broadly cylindrical, a little narrow- er at tip and cleft deeper above and a little oblique at tip, inclined to be truncate and nearly e(iually inserted at base, with teeth .--ubulate ami rather lax and about two thirds as long as tube. Bracts triangular and about 3 mm. long. Leaves line.iv. 2 3 dm long in the type, with 15-18 pairs of leaflets which are elliiuical. rounded, closely felted, in- clined to be a little narrower below. 1 1 5 cm long in the type. Stems tufted, zigzag, 1-2 dm. long, rather thick and woody at base, in rocky places Mt. C3rizaba below Nexico City. Seaton. Hacienda Palmar near Pachuca, Tuly 21 1905. Rose. Nat. Herb No. 452293. Near Irola June 14 1899, Rose. Nat. Herb. No. 346530, the lowei plant on the sheet. Barren hills near Esperanza, Puebla Aug. 17 1903, Rose. N'at. Herb. No 450191. Near Calchicomula, Puebla, Rose, July 24 1901, Natj. Herb. No. 395437. 2:35 Astragalus Orizabae var. Irolanus N, Var. Pods ovate and short- ly acuminate, 2 cm. long. 1 cm. wide, shaliow-sulcate at both sutures. Leaflets sharply acute at both ends, 1.5-2 cm. long, inclined to be sil- ky pubescent. Leaves 3-4 dm. long. Peduncles often 4 dm. long. Flowers often 2-3 cm. long. Collected near Irola Mexico by J. N. Rose, June 14 1899, Nat. Herb. No. 346530, the upper plant on the sheet. Another specimen is from near Lajos Hidalgo, Aug. 5 1905 bv Rose. Nat. Herb. No. 452656. 194 Astragalus anisus Jones Cont. 4 34 (1893). Pods about 1.5 cm. long, oval, completely 2-celled by a thin partition, chartaceous, rather spongy and thinly fleshy when green, finely reticulated, a little sulcate at both sutures, hardly obliejue, few. Flowers spreading, 6-10, subcapitate, but short-spicate in fruit. Calyx tube 1 cm. long, with the subulate teeth about 2 mm. long. Bracts and pedicels about equnl and 4 mm. long. Peduncles shorter than the leaves, about 2.5 cm. long, stout and erect. Leaves about 5 cm. long, with petioles fully as long as the rachis. Leaflets 3-6 pairs, obovate to oval, rounded, 4-7 mm. long, contiguous. Stems very short, with internodes hardly as iong as the lanceolate stipules. Whole plant silvery with rather long and echinate and slender hairs fixed by the middle, the calyx only nigres- cent. A unique species only a few inches high, never found but once, and tiien only in fruit, near Pueblo Colorado, Lower Temperate life zone. 195 Astragalus orthanthus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 195 (1864). Pods about 3.5 cm. long, few on the short rachis, inclined to be sul- cate at both sutures, finely reticulated and crosi-ribbed, completely 2- celled. Flowers red, about 3 cm. long, loosely short-spicate, very nar- row and with elongated and exserted claws. Banner lanceolate and hardly arcuate. Wings linear, hardly as long as the oblanceolate keel whose tip is only slightly arcuate and acutish much after the- style of A. coccineus and giganteus. Calyx tube about 1 cm long, 3 mm. wide and a little narrowed above, the base obliquely triangular and fleshy and rather unequally inserted, the subulate teeth about 3-4 mm. long. Bracts and pedicels about equal and 3 mm. long. Peduncles shorter than the leaves, 1-2 dm. long. Leaves narrow, almost sessile, with 12-15 pairs of narrowly elliptical and acutish but not contiguous leaf- lets which are nearly 2 cm. long and velvety-hairy to nearly smooth, with appre = sed hairs fixed by the base. Stems 1-4 dm. long, ascend- ing, internodes rarely 5 cm. long. Stipules rather large, triangular. Near Saltillo and in Coahuila Mexico, in rocky places, blooming in summer, lower part of the Lower Temperate life zone. 236 SARCOCARPI. 22. Pods wholly :2-celled, very fleshy, with thick walls which never become less than coriaceous when dry, opening but little at maturity, mostly plum-like, lanceolate in A. Tennesseensis, ol)- late to round in cross- section, cordate or notched at ba8e, rarely at all inflated, not stipitate, splitting the calyx, mostly sulcate at' both sutures, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, weakly attached to the calyx, with ventral suture straight, rarely convex, or concave, the dorsal the; more arched. Flowers in heads or short spikes, never small nor reflexid, on peduncles shorter than the upper leaves, and on pedi- cels shorter than the large bracts, 1.5-2 cm. long, light-colorctl. Calyx cylindrical, 6-8 mm. long, obliquely attached by the fleshy base, straight, hairy, with teeth much shorter than the tube. Leaves larger above, the lowest ones quite small, narrow, wiili many leaflets wl'ich are never linear but are nearly contiguous, mostly flat, jointed to rachis and petiolulate. Stipules large and broad, hyaline and thin, adnate, not raflexed, not connate. The bracts lanceolate and acuminate, fetems prostrate to ascending', slender or with short internodes, never acaulescent though tlit! iiitcriiodes are often shorter than the stipules, from a thick and often woody root, in tufts. Pubescence attached by the ba.-i-. Growing in sweet soil, never in saline places. This group is ii.i' nearest related to the Argophylliand Malaci. It is possible that A. Parryi may belong here, it has a superficial resemblance to A. Tennesseensis. but the pods are thin and nearly 1-celled, and t..o flowers and general habit are diff' rent. KEY A. Pods Emooth, very fleshy, plum-shaped, very abruptly shor*-- beaked. edible, with the fleshy walls 4-6 mm. thick, reflexed or widel ' spreading, lying flat on the ground, with the cavity somewhat largp • than the seeds, sutures raised and thick when dry. Stems 1-2 ft. hi: ^^ Calyx very sliort-liairy, tli)\\er.s not ochroleurous. 196 crrissicnrpiis. Calyx \\<>olIy. flcwcrs ochroleucous. 197 Mexicani.s. 2 A. Pods decidedly pubescent, ovate to lanceolate, rather obliq > acuminate or with a long and stout beak, somewhat fleshy but well: rarely 2 mm. thick, sutures not evident externally. Flowers whit«. Pods short-pubescent, about ovate, finely cross-lined, abruptly stout-beaked. 198 Plattensis. Pods sparsely long- pubescent, acuminate-lanceolate, coarsely reticulated. 196 Tenneessens'.s. 196 Astragalus crassicarpus Xutt. in lM-aser\s Cat. 1 (1814). Pods nearly globose, a little obconipressed when fresh and appearnig lat- erally flattened in most herbarium specimiCns and greatly and coarse- ly wrin];lcd for the most part, about 2.5 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide, sulcate at both sutures when fresh and appearing laterally flattened 237 larcocarpi. in most herbarium specimens, but still globose when maturing nat- urally, herbarium material is greatly and coarsely wrinkled mostly, about 2.5 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide, sulcate at both sutures when fresh and very shortly mucronate-beaked, green to reddish. Flow- ers normally bluish-purple but often nearly white, with elongated banner and wings, rather loosely racemose-spicate, about horizontal. Banner ovate to oblong-ovate, nearly 1.5 cm. long, deeply notched, with sides very much reflexed so that it seems almost linear, abruptly arched at end of calyx tube to 45". Wings elongated, about 1 cm. long and 3 mm. wide, slightly ascending, very oblique at the notched tip, narrower above, mostly white, much longer than keel. Keel straight, about 5 mm. long, the tip abruptly arched to erect and 3 mm. high, very broad, the corner about square, purple. Calyx black- ish with rather sparse and very short and closely appressed hairs, the teeth very variable but mostly 2-4 mm. long and triangular. Bracts twice the rather long pedicels in flower and about as long in fruit. Peduncles from much shorter than, to as long as the leaves. Spikes 5-10 cm. long and rather close. Leaves 1-1.5 dm. long when fully developed above, the lower ones much reduced, ashy to smooth. Leaflets 8-12 pairs, narrowly to broadly elliptical, the lowest often oval, 1-1.5 cm. long. Stipules ovate. Stems about a foot long, weak and widely spreading. Pubescence ashy to almost none, espe- cially on the stems and pods, of short and flat appressed hairs. Com- mon on sweet soil on the prairies from northern Texas to the base of the Rockies and northward to the Saskatchewan, not on the Snake river drainage, but on the Laramie Plains, and on the Pacific slope along the tablelands of the head waters of the Missoula in Deer Lodge Valley, eastward to eastern Iowa and Minnesota, Middle Temperate life zone, and descending a little into the Lower Tem- perate at the south. In early days the fruit was eaten by voyagers and called Pomme du Prairie. When the fruit matures naturally it becomes very cellular between the inner and outer skins and very light and is easily blown about by the winds. It does not open at maturity but gradually falls apart by decay. Its cellular character is like that of A. pygmaeus and Musiniensis of the Navajo Basin. Astragalus crassicarpus vsr. pachycarpus (T. & G.) JoneS Cont. 8 17 (1898). A. pachycarpus T. & G. Fl. 1 332 (1838). This is a southern form with pods round to oblong or ovate, decidedly obcom- pressed. Flowers narrower and slender, whitish, about 1.5 cm. long. Calyx smooth or nearly so. Bracts subulate and smaller. Pedicels slender. Peduncles much shorter than the leaves. Leaves very nar- row. Leaflets 11-16 pairs, rather long-petiolulate often oblanceo- late, about 1 cm. long. Stipules rather short and narrow. Stems slender, 1-2 ft. long. Nearly smooth throughout. This is the form mostly of Missouri to Texas. The pods vary greatly from decidedly oblique with the mucro above the middle to plum-shaped. 197. Astragalus Mexicanus A. DC. PL Ear. Gen. 4 16 t 3 (1826). A. trichocalyx Nutt. Geoprumnon Rydberg. Pods about as in A. crassicarpus. Flowers cream-white. Calyx white and woolly with long hairs, almost sessile and with long bracts, teeth v.ery short. Banner about 1 cm. long, ovate, with sides reflexed below and seem- ingly triangular. Wings almost straight, a little longer than the keel, oblique. Keel as in A. crassicarpus. Flowers very short-spi- cate, the clusters rarely 5 cm. long. Leaves as in A. crassicarpus but nearly smooth. Peduncles often as long as the leaves, not short. Plants 1-2 ft. high, rather stout. Missouri to Texas and southern Nebraska, on prairies eastward to Illinois. Lower Tem- perate life zone. 198. Astragalus Plattensis Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 132 (1838). Geoprumnon Rydberg. Pods about 1.5 cm. long, oval ovate, 6-8 mm. wide, and about 4 mm. high, conspicuously obcompressed and sulcate ventrally, straight but decidedly oblique by the ventral suture Sarcocarpi. 238 beinjr about straio:ht and the florsal very convex, the conical and stout beak about 4 mm. long- and a prolongation of the ventral su- ture and in line with it, evidently inflated a little, walls thinner than in any of the allied species, coriaceous, less than 1 mm. thick when fresh and very thin when dry but rigid and a little corrugated, base cordate. Surface covered with vei'y many fine and parallel ci'oss lines close together. Flowers white, in a head, several, about 1.5 cm. long. Banner ovate, with sides reflexed to the tip and seeming triangulaz", notched a little, arched gently to 4.5-90' from end of calyx tube, about 2-4 mm. longer than keel. Wings nearly linear, a little arched, about 2 mm. wide, rounded at tip and about 1-2 mm. longer than keel. Keel with tip arched in a quarter circle to the very obtuse and rounded tip, the base straight, purple tipped, 3 mm. high. Calyx tube oblong, 5 mm. long, nigrescent, the triangular teeth about half as long as tube. Bracts about twice the pedicels which are short in flower and about 4 mm. long in fruit. Pe- duncles about half as long as leaves. Leaves about 1 dm. long, with very short petiole, of 8-14 pairs of elliptical to oblong-obovate leaflets 5-8 mm. long. Stems slender, weakly ascending to pros- trate, rarely 2 dm. long. Stipules about as long as the adjoining- leaflets. Pubescence shaggy all over except on the more sparsely hairy calyx. On the plains from Texas to western Nebraska and Wild Co., Colorado, and eastward to Indiana and Alabama. Lower Temperate life zone. 199. Astragalus Tennesseensis Gray in Chapman's Fl. 98 (1860). A. Pl.-ittensis var. Tennesseensis Gray. Pods lanceolate to oblong, acuminate, a little arcuate, the tip forming a flat or round upcui-ved prow, inclined to be obcompressed and sulcate at both sutures, very fleshy, but when dry forming a soft and spongy pa- pery tissue about 2 mm. thick, much wrinkled, 2-3 cm. 1 long, 7-8 mm. wide, 3-4 mm. high, nearly round in cross section, very sparsely long-hairy, neither suture raised, base usually obtuse to notched. Surface of pod very coarsely corrugated with raised lines and large meshes. Flowers 1.5-2 cm. long, white. Banner gently arched to 45 \ ovate, sides reflexed most below, 7-8 mm. long. Wings narrowly oblong, a little arched, narrowed toward tip, 2-3 mm. wide, 2 mm. longer than keel. Keel straight, about 5 mm. long, tip abruptly arched to erect and very obtuse, about 3 mm. high. Calyx about 3 mm. high, the triangular teeth not 2 mm. long. Bracts ovate, 5-7 mm. long. Pedicels very short. Peduncles shorter than the leaves, except the lower ones. Leaves about 1 dm. long. Leaflets ellipti- cal, 12-15 pairs, long-petiolulate, separated by about their own width. Stipules very large, 1-1.5 cm. long. Pubescence long and softly vil- lous except on the upper sides of the leaflets and the stipules. Lower Teinperate life zone from southeastern Iowa to Tennessee and Ala- bama and Missouri. This connects the Sarcocarpi with the Ai'go- phylli and Malaci through A. Parryi. 239 OCREATI. 23. Perennials with densely tufted short stems with con- gested internodes or the upper ones elongated but much shorter than the leaves, branched below, ascending to erect, from a woody root, rarely 3 dm. long. Stipules sheathing but rather small. Leaves narrow, all petioled, 1-3 dm. long, the rachis at least as long as petiole and slender. Leaflets 5-8 pairs, narrow to oblong, mostly acute and folded, not acicular, not contiguous, 2-3 cm. long, long-petiolulate and jointed to petiole. Flowers spicate or in fruit a little racemose, about sessile, 6-12 mm. long, neither reflexed nor stubby, with cylindrical to long-cam- panulate tube which is 3-5 mm. long and mostly a trifle longer than the subulate teeth. Bracts elongated and conspicuous, triangular-subulate. Pods conspicuously ob- compressed, inclined to be sulcate above and below, oval to oblong, abruptly apiculate, not much exserted from the calyx, coriaceous and variously corrugated, the sides rounded, cross section variously reniform or like the figure 8 but not at all 2-celled nor with sutures produced within, mostly a little oblique at tip but not arched, very slightly if at all inflated. Ventral suture raised exter nally and very much thickened or prominent, pod when sulcate ventrally is so on each side of suture. Plants of the arid deserts mostly in alkaline and very poor clay soil, but not in sinks or where water stands. Pu- bescent with closely appressed hairs. Plants blooming in early summer. KEY. A. Pubescence attached by the middle or near it (by the base iim A. argillcsus), of flat and tapering hairs. Stems densely tufted and decumbent, slender, at least 1 dm. long when fully devel- oped, hoary. Leaflets linear, about 2.5 cm. long. Flowers densely spicate, about 1 cm. long. Bracts about as long as calyx and its lobes. Pods splitting the calyx at maturity, shal- low-sulcate at both sutures. AB. Pods hoary, about equaling the calyx teeth, ovate to oval, straight but tip rarely a little curved, rounded at base, mostly acute, obcompressed at least at base and mostly sulcate, with ventral suture prominent, loosely spicate. Flowers white to yellowish, about 12 mm. long. Calyx short, campanulate; teeth subulate, about as long as tube. Leaves 1-1.3 dm. long. Leaflets 2-5 mm. wide, 2.5 cm. long, 4-7 pairs. Stipules hya- line, broad, about 7 mm. long. Stems flexuous, some inter- nodes 8 cm. long, perennials. Whole plant erect or ascending 1.5-3 dm. long. Pubescence closely appressed throughout, hoary except the pods rarely. Plants with a strong snake- like odor. Peduncles very short or none. 200 sophoroides. Peduncles at least as long as leaves. 201 confertiflorus. Ocreati. 240 A2B. Calyx tube conspicuously long-hairy and shaggy; teeth and bracts very long. Flowers purple. Blooming in May. Whole plant appresseil-silvery-silky. 202 argillosus. 2A. Pubescence attached by the base. Peduncles long, with small flowers in narrow spikes which become racemose in fruit. Pods not splitting the calyx. Stipules small and united only below. Bracts 2-5 mm. long. Stems slender or almost none, nearly erect, flexuous, with very short internodes below. This grows on limestone cliffs and in sandy washes. Sutures not thick. Peduncles filiform and rush-like. 203 Moencoppensis. Sutures thick. Peduncles not elongated. 204 troglodytes. 200. Astragalus sophoroides Jones Zoe 2 12 (1891). Pods with ventral suture little raised, not very conspicuously thickened, arched, .5-9 mm. long, not 2 mm. thick, greatly obcompressed, el- liptical, barely acute, chartaceous, flattened but not sulcate at base; seeds several, large. Flowers not over 9 mm. long, white to cream- colored, purple-tinged, short, erect. Calyx inclined to be shaggy. Bracts ovate to lanceolate, acuminate, about as long as Calyx tube, 5-7 mm. long, scarious. Peduncles none to 1 cm. long, and spikes 2. 5-7.. 5 cm. long, flower-cluster mostly sessile among the leaves and shorter than the leaves, earliest peduncles 7-15 mm. long, and spikes 2.5-5 cm. long and so appearing sessile among the leaves, but later peduncles often 1 cm. long and the spikes 7.5 cm. long, latest pe- duncles equal the earliest. Leaves 7.5-9 cm. long. Petioles 2.5-4 cm. long. Leaflets 4-7 pairs, oblong linear to nearly oblong, rounded at end and cuneate at base, 2-9 mm. wide, 1-3 cm. long. Stipules connate even to the top of the stems, upper part acuminate-triangu- lar. Stems rather slender, 8-30 cm. long, internodes several and 2.5-6 cm. long. Pubescence of stems very dense and a little spread- ing, on calyx rather coarse and entangled, on pods the same but shorter, oldest stems and leaves are sometimes only pubescent. On the Moencoppa, northern Arizona, Lower Temperate life zone on benches. 201. Astragalus confertiflorus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 13 368 (1878). A. flavus var. candicans Gray. Cnemidophacos Rydberg. Leaflets 4-6 pairs, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, linear, 2 mm. wide. Spikes dense and many flowered, 5-7 cm. long on peduncles 7-9 cm. long. Flowers white, becoming cream-colored with age. Banner ai'ched in gentle arc from base to tip to 45-80^; groove is V-shaped opposite keel tip but flattens out very greatly above where it is 3 mm. wide and 1 mm. deep; sides reflexed to 1 mm. wide opposite the keel, not at all at tip and so making it seem obovate-obiong to fiddle shaped (in the dried plant seeming lanceolate) and elon- gated, emarginatc. Wings obliquely lance-oblong, 1 mm. wide, the tip bent up to 45' and notched below the middle, 2-4 mm. longer than keel and concave to it, the right hand one bent over keel tip and the other bent out but with its tip turned in and touching the other, concealing the keel. Keel very short relatively, exceeding the calyx tips 2-4 mm., the tip abruptly incurved to over 90' and very blunt and rounded, with a purple eye at tip which is sur- rounded by a narrow white edge. Calyx nearly round in cross sec- tion, about 4 mm. long, the lower edge straight and the upper a little arched, base with a fleshy green spot and oblique, almost ses- sile, cleft deeper above and with rounded sinuses, the teeth spread- ing, green and 2-3 mm. long. Pods bisulcate at the thick ventral suture, is trifle concave, or even convex, about 7.5 mm. long, oblong- oval, silky to smooth, moderately obcompressed mostly but not sul- cate dorsally. The flowers are often purple tinged and then the white spot is waterlined with purple. The pubescence of the calyx is looser and finer, the calyx teeth and bracts are more filiform. 241 Ocreati. and the flowers much elongated and often nearly yellow. This is the common form throughout the Navajo Basin far up on the Little Colorado eastward into its New Mexican and Colorado borders and down the Colorado to the edge of Nevada and up the Virgin in Utah. Lower Temperate life zone and dropping down a little into the Tropical. Also along the Sevier river near Richfield and Salina, Utah. Astragalus confcrtiflorus var. flaviflorus (Kuntze). Traga- cantha flaviflora Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 941 (1892). A. flavus Nuttall, Cnemidophacos Rydberg. This has the leaves of the species but inclined to have narrowly oblong and flat leaflets, the lowest very short and broad. Upper leaves much the best developed. Pods 7-12 mm. long, generally twice the calyx, ovate to oblong oval, variably pubescent with curved hairs, about straight, retuse at base, minutely stipitate, broadly and rather deeply sulcate dorsally and the su- tures nearly touching. Flowers 12-15 mm. long, in the type cream colored and with rather short and mostly ovate banner, but var- iable. Wings linear, narrower than keel, a little arched, 2-3 mm. longer than keel. Keel a little arched along the claw, the blade abruptly incurved at the end to erect and very obtuse, the upper corner being about square or very rounded and not at all pro- duced, the general outline being oblanceolate, straight. Calyx short- cylindric, the tube nearly 5 mm. long. Peduncles 1.5-3 dm. long, strict, stout and sulcate, appearing as if subscapiform. Spikes loose, 1-1.5 dm. long. 10-15-flowered. Leaflets broadly linear to narrowly ellintical, rather acute, nearly smooth above. Stems short and with short internodes, diffusely branched and decumbent, 1.5-2 dm. long. Deserts of southern Wyoming, Lower Temperate life zone. 202. Astragalus argillosus Jones Zoe 2 241 (1891). Pods scarcely surpassing the calyx lobes, erect, ovate to oval, blunt, hoary with long and appressed hairs, about 7 mm. long, much obcom- pressed till cross section is nearly linear, a little arched, with dorsal suture deeply impressed toward the base and raised and prominent at tip and conspicuously thickened; the ventral suture inconspicu- ous. Flowers short, about 9 mm. lon-g, densely spicate even in fruit, almost sessile, pink-purple. Banner oval, abruptly arched below calyx tips to 45°, purple and with white spot strongly veined, 5 mm. longer than keel and 2 mm. longer than wings. Wings narrowly- oblong, a little arched, rouiided, purple, dark-veined toward the tip, narrower than the keel. Keel short, about as long as calyx tips, straight, with tip abruptly erect and deltoid. Calyx tube short- campanulate, not 5 mm. long, white with very long and appressed hairs which toward the tip and on the lobes are widely spreading and shaggy. Hairs flat, twisted, with pustulate base, attached by the end. Calyx lobes subulate from a broad base, 9 mm. long, lax, green, longer than the tube. Bracts large, 9 mm. long, green, lin- ear-subulate, about equaling the calyx. Spikes very dense, 2.5-7 cm. long. Peduncles 5-15 cm. long, slender, subscapiform, as long as leaves. Stipules connate nearly to tip, green (hyaline below) long-acuminate, densely appressed-villous as well as stems. Pet- ioles grooved. Leaves 5-10 cm. long, narrow. Leaflets narrowly linear to oblong, 2.5-3 cm. long, 2-5 mm. wide, silvery, 4-G pairs, acute to apiculate, greener than the rest of the plant. Stems caespi- tose, ascending, rather stout for the plant, short, flexuous. 2.5-20 cm. long, biennial or short-lived perennial, whole plant 1.5-3 dm. high, appressed-silvery-silky even to the stipules. On sandy clay soil along the Green river and San Rafael Swell, Utah, and vicinity. Lower Temperate life zone. 203. Astragalus Moencoppensis Joncs Zoe 2 12 (1891). Pods 5-7 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, with cross-section nearly transversely linear, with sutures not thick nor prominent, hoary, about as long £»s c-Iy:: and tcclh, acute, oblong-oval, barely sulcate dorsally, Ocreati. 242 sliR-htly so ventrally. Flowers spreading, deep-bluish-purple-tipped, about 7 mm. long and 2-5 mm. long, longer than the calyx and teeth. Banner broadly ovate, veined, with sides reflexed much and arched at the end of calyx tube to 45% 5-7 mm. long, with short claws, 2 mm. longer than keel. Keel straight, broad, trun- cate, with tip erect. Wings 2 mm. shorter than banner, broadly oblanceolatc, little arched, narrower than keel, rounded, oblique. Calyx tube 3 mm. long, shaggy above with tangled and very fine hairs, the subulate teeth a little shorter than the tube. Bracts 2-5 mm. long, hyaline, ovate to lanceolate. Peduncles (as well as stems and leaf rachis) filiform and rush-like, often a foot long, tapering, racemose on the upper half. Leaves often 3 dm. long, mostly 7-9 cm. long. Petioles generally grooved, green, a quarter to as long as the leaf. Leaflets nearly smooth, broadly linear to almost filiform, about 2.5 cm. long, the upper ones reduced or abor- tive, about 5 pairs, acute, all distant, somewhat narrowed below. Lower stipules broadly triangular, short, hoary above. Internodes very slender, 1-3, the upper 5 cm. long. Whole plant nearly smooth except the calyx and po(]s. Stems densely tufted from a long and erect tap root. On the Moencoppa in the Little Coloi-ado region of northern Arizona in the Navajo Basin and in the San Rafael Swell south of Green River, Utah, in sandy places. Lower Temperate life zone. 204. Astragalus troglodytes Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 20 362 (1885). Leaflets 6-8 pairs, oval to obovate and obtuse or rarely acute, about 1 cm. long, with closely appressed hairs fixed by the base. Leaves erect, about 1 dm. long, with petiole*inclined to be longer than its rachis. Stems almost none. Peduncles ascending to erect, about 1.5 dm. long. Flowers spicate, rather many. Bracts recurved, linear-lanceolatc-acuminate, i bout 1 cm. long. Calyx about 4 mm. long, with teeth about half as long. Flowers about 1 cm. long. Pods loosely hairy, 5-7 mm. long, conspicuously obcom- pressed, and cross-section oblately oblong, with the thick sutures of Gilensis and its abrupt apiculation, the suture only slightly arched at tip and base, not sulcate, cavity inflated. The pods have about the shape of Matthewsii on a minute scale, only a little exceed- ing the calyx, but it has no relation to the Scytocarpi. It is mani- festly a close ally to the Sericoleuci, Gilensis section. Coconino in the San Francisco Mts., Arizona. Lower Temperate life zone. J 243 BISULCATI. 24. Pods wholly l-cellecl, pendent on a slender stipe which exceeds the calyx except in A. oocalycis, oval to linear, 7-25 mm. long, 5-7 mm. wide, triangular-pointed to apiculate, completely obcompressed ventrally, and dorsfllly often flat, nearly smooth to conspicuously and parallel-cross-veined, chartaceous, opening along the ventral suture if at all, not explanate, cross section that of a vertical half-section of the figure 8 by having the ventral side bisulcate, the grooves being on each side of the conspicuously raised and thickened suture (when young the pods are normally greatly laterally compressed and not sulcate), ventral suture often convex, rigid, with a thin edge, dorsal suture not evident. Flowers 7-15 mm. long, narrow (broad in oocalycis), with slightly exserted claws, horizontal, reflexed in fruit, densely spicate, be- coming looser in f^Mit, many, the keel conspicuously elongated and mostly as long as the banner. Banner nearly ovate, 5-7 mm. long, with sides greatly reflexed and so seemingly narrow, deeply notched, rather abruptly arched beyond calyx tips and keel to at least 45% veined below. Wings obliquely oblanceolate, nar- row, obtuse, much arched and exposing base of keel, not over 2 mm. wide, barely surpassing keel. Keel blade lu- nate in general outline, about 7 mm. long, the base straight and then gently arched to the nearly erect and rounded purple-spotted tip, about 3 mm. wide. Calyx in- clined to be inflated, very thin and hyaline, normally white, rarely red, saccate at base on the upper side, 2-5 mm. long, cylindric-campanulate, oblique at tip and base, a little laterally flattened, not contracted at either end, inserted on the lower corner, teeth subulate from a deltoid base, not as long as tube, unequal. Pedicels in- serted on lower corner of calyx and often at right angles to it, filiform (almost none in A. oocalycis), ascending, in fruit often 5 mm. long. Bracts conspicuous, very thin, with very narrow or thread-like tips, as long as pedicels, 5-7 mm. long. Peduncles proper generally as long as leaves, and with the rachis in fruit 1-5 dm. long, strict and erect, sulcate as well as the stems and petioles. Stip- ules rather large r.bove, hyaline, triangular, green- tipped, spreading or reflexed, not connate. Upper leaves with short petioles or none, 5-10 cm. long and the largest, the lowest leaves very small and long-petioled. Leaflets about 10 (8-15) pairs, petiolulate, and jointed to rachis, flat, obtuse, about smooth, 1-2.5 cm. long, rather broadly linear to elliptical. Stems slender, tufted and erect. Bisulcati. 244 rarely decumbent at base, 2-3 ft. high, perennial from woody roots. Odor snake-like. Pubescence attached by base, echinate, very short, abruptly appressed. KEY. A. Pods on a stipe at least as long as calyx and pendent. Calyx tube about 3-4 mm. long, little inflated, both sides about straight. Flowers not stubby. Leaflets not linear. Pods oblong or oval. ]-"lo\veis white, in long and lnosc spikes. 205 Ilaydenianus. Pods linear. Flowers normally purple, in short and dense spikes. 206 bisulcatus. 2A. Pods short-stipitate and wholly inclosed within a large and bladdery calyx. Leaflets linear. Flowers stubby the blades not longer than calyx tube. Calyx shaggy and inflated. 207 oocalycis.- 205. Astragalus Haydenianus Gray in Brandegee's Rep. 235 (1876). Pods mostly oval, rarely oblong, rugulosely . cross-nerved, often papery, 7-9 mm. long by nearly 4 mm. wide, very variable in texture, rounded at both ends, obtuse, minutely nigrescent but seem- ingly smooth, 6-7-ovuled, 2-4-seeded, with ventral grooves broad and ventral face widely and deeply impressed, the suture being rib-like and very prominent and often convex. Stipe not longer than the calyx. Flowers white, about 7-9 mm. long. Wings appearing as if shorter than the purple-tipped keel. Mature banner reflexed till the tip nearly touches the calyx, about 9 mm. long. Calyx white and thin, the teeth much shorter than the tube. Spikes in fruit linear and often 3 dm. long and fully twice as long as peduncle but the peduncles sometimes a foot long. Stems slender and weakly ascend- ing, many. Pubescence of barely flattened hairs. Occasional from Palisade, Nevada, to along the Virgin river, Utah, above St. George and along the north side of the Grand Canon and throughout the Navajo Basin, also in southern Wyoming, and along the Rio Grande in New Mexico. Lower Temperate life zone, in rather alkaline places on bottoms, nearly wholly on the Pacific slope. Forms of this species which have been described as species or varieties but which do not deserve even varietal rank are as follows: A. Haydenianus var. Nevadensis Jones, which is A. demissus Greene and A. Jepsoni Greene, has the pods not evidently rugulose, about 5-seeded, papery, barely acute at each end, elliptical, 9 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, or smaller. Proper peduncles barely as long as the leaves. Spikes very long and slender, often 2 dm. long. Leaflets 8-10 pairs, thin, obovate to ovate-oblong, very obtuse or retuse. Bracts broadly lanceolate, barely acute. In the forms described by Greene cited above from the same locality the leaflets are linear- oblong and 2 cm. long. A. grallator Watson is an abnormal form with distinct stipules acuminate-deltoid, immature pods 7 mm. long, ascending, thin-coria- ceous, nearly glabrous, about as long as calyx, transversely rugose, at first laterally compressed, later becoming obcompressed and tur- gid. Leaflets narrowly oblong, about 10 pairs, 1-2 cm. long Pe- duncles longer than the leaves. Pedicels filiform, 7-9 mm long Flowers 7 mm. long, pale-rose to white. Steamboat Springs, Colo- rado. Var. major Jones. This is a stouter form approaching A bi- sulcatus. Pods spreading, seldom pendent, narrowly-elliptical-oblong, rugulose-veined, straight to curved, 1 cm. long by 3'mm. wide shortly acute at both ends, dorsal suture a little sulcate. Flowers 1 cm. long, narrow. Banner ascending. Claws of wings exserted. Pedi- 245 Bisulcati. eels villous. Bracts narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, longer than the pedicels. Calyx lobes equal the tube. Leaflets 7-9 pairs, nar- rowly elliptical to linear-lanceolate, very obtuse, apiculate. Sink Valley, Utah. A. scobinatulus Sheldon was partly founded on this and on A. racemosus and bisulcatus. 206. Astragalus bisulcatus (Hook) Gray Pac. R. R. Rep. 12 42 t I B (1860). Phaca bisulcata Hooker Fl. Bor. Am. 1 145 (1834), Diholcus Rydberg, Astragalus bisulcatus var. decalvans Gan- doger. Pods linear to narrowly elliptical, triangular-acute at tip and base, 1-2 cm. long, rather shining, with cross-nerves almost none, often involute ventrally with sides touching the ventral suture and so the pod seems cylindrical, chartaceous, usually glabrous. Flow- ers variable but mostly purple, rarely white, about 1 cm. long, not very narrow, nodding, in dense short (2.5-5 cm. long) spikes. Ban- ner arched to 45-90°, 2 mm. longer than keel. Wings 1 mm. longer than keel. Keel nearly straight. Calyx 3-5 mm. long, campanulate- cylindric. Teeth variable, often setaceous, 2-3 mm. long, about as long as tube. Bracts 4 mm. long, ovate-acuminate, hyaline, seta- ceous often. Pedicels 2-4 mm. long. Spikes closely flowered and 7.5-15 cm. long in fruit, shorter than the peduncles, and these longer than the leaves. Leaves thickish, nearly sessile. Leaflets 8-13 pairs, elliptical to narrowly lanceolate, somewhat petiolulate, clothed be- neath with minute hairs. Stipules ovate lanceolate, hyaline, acute, upper ones large and conspicuous, connate only below. Stems erect, 4-7 mm. thick, rather stout. Plants minutely pubescent even to the pods. Common on the alkaline plains from northern New Mexico to the Saskatchewan, not on the Pacific slope except at the north and then occurring only on the heads of the rivers. Middle Tem- perate life zone. The var. decalvans Gandoger is only a white flow- ered form. 207. Astragalus oocalycis Jones Cont. 8 10 (1898). A. urceo- latus Greene. Pods like those of A. Haydenianus but very shortly atipitate to long-stipitate, obcompressed, oval, 7 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, nearly flat, finely cross-nerved, smooth, immature pods lat- erally flattened. Flowers nearly sessile, densely spicate, somewhat reflexed, yellowish-white; petals 7 mm. longer than calyx, the blades hardly half as long as calyx tube. Banner oval, thick at base, arched to 45-90° in a gentle curve, the erect part a little over 2 mm. long, very stubby, with sides reflexed above. Wings oblanceolate, nearly straight, nearly as long as banner, about 2 mm. longer than keel. Keel obtuse, short, forming about a half-circle, 3-4 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, purple-tipped. Calyx greatly inflated, 9 mm. long, 7 mm. wide, hyaline, shaggy-villous with white hairs, with straight base and upper side arched near the base ; teeth triangular, 2 mm. long. Pedicels almost none. Bracts 7-9 mm. long. Peduncles 9 cm. long, stout, with dense spikes 5 cm. long. Leaves ascending, about 1 dm. long, with leaf rachis tapering, sulcate and not over 8 cm. long, the petiole about 2.5 cm. long. Leaflets thick, 8 pairs, opposite, linear, acute at both ends, long-petiolulate, puberulent below, smooth above, 3 cm. long, 7-10 mm. apart, 1-3 mm. wide. Stipules hyaline, deltoid-triangular, adnate, 5-7 mm. long. Stems erect, flexuous, 2 feet higii. Internodes about 3-4 cm. long. Pubescence ashy, with hairs attached by base but tapering below and with a little knob as if a rudiment of a branch of a hair attached near the middle. On bottom lands at Aztec, New Mexico, and Arboles, Colorado, Wooton and Baker. Lower Temperate life zone. This is probably not a good species, has the appearance of a sport and the general look of A. racemosus, as if caused by some insect injury, but Baker's specimens from Arboles seem perfectly normal and in good fioiit, the calyx is much the same as in A. Lehmanni of Asia. The leaves, peduncles and stems are about equally green. The pod is from al- most sessile to long stipitate. 246 GALEGIFORMES. 25. Pods chartaceous to cori?>ceous, not fleshy, nearly to fully linear, 2.5-5 cm. loni?. 3-7 mm. high, opening first at tip, mostly slightly inflated, mostly slender-stipitate, not jointed to stipe, reflexed, triangular-acute at both ends, smooth, triciuetrous to reniform in cross section, ventral suture raised and thickened. Flowers reflexed, in dense racemes, 1.5-3.5 cm. long, white (drying to yel- lowish) but often tinged wath purple, narrow. Banner elongated and much longer than the wings, with sides much reflexed. Wings elongated, narrowly oblong, at least 2 mm. longer than keel. Keel obliquely and broadly oblanceolate, about 7 mm. long, rounded in a gentle arc to tip which is erect and obtuse. Calyx hya- line, inclined to be colored like the flowers, variously hairy but not shaggy, cylindric, about 5 mm. long and 3 mm. high, little oblique at tip, sometimes a little nar- rower below, abruptly rounded at base to the lower cor- ner where it is attached to pedicel and nearly at a right angle to it. Pedicels rather slender. Bracts triangular- subulate, mostly longer than pedicels. Peduncles stout, strict, 5-30 cm. long. Upper leaves nearly sessile. Leaf- lets 5-20 pairs, rather long-petiolulate, cuneate at base, mostly flat, rather thick, obtuse to barely acute, 1-3 cm. long. Stems rather many and tufted from an erect root, ascending to erect, 1-3 ft. high. Internodes inclined to be much shorter than leaves. Stems 2-7 mm. thick. Pu- bescence attached by base, mostly scanty, upper side of leaflets normally smooth. KEY. A. Pods wholly 1 -celled, straight or nearly so, ventral suture aboat straight to tip. Leaflets 1.5-3 cm. long. Pods not 2^elled. 208 racemosu.s. Pods nearly 2-celled. 209 scopulorum. Pods incompletely 2-celled by the dorsal suture being pro- duced toward the ventral variously, nearly straight and when about straight then the ventral suture is the mor« arched, acu- minate at base, abruptly acute at the declined tip which is about in a line with the dorsal suture, a little oblique at least at tip, linear to narrowly elliptical-oblong, deeply sulcate dorsally an«f with narrow sulcus, with sides convex or rarely flat when ma- ture, smooth. Stipe as long as calyx tube. Calyx oblique at mouth. Flower 2-2.5 cm. long, white (yellowish when dry). Banner fiddle-shaped with sides much reflexed. Bracts sca- rious, subulate, about 2 mm. long, as long as or longer than the pedicels in flower. Pedicels 2-4 mm. long, curved. Calyx teeth subulate and about 2 mm. long. Peduncles fully as long as the leaves or more, strict, and (like the stems) grooved. 2A. Pod 247 GalegJformes. Leaf rachis conspicuously tapering. Leaflets oval to narrowly- elliptical, 8-15 pairs, rather thin, 10-15 mm. long, about con- tiguous, rounded and obtuse. Upper leaves nearly all sessile, 7-10 cm. long. Stipules long-acuminate. Pubescence shaggy. , 2io Drummondii. 208. Astras^alus racemosus Pursh Fl. 740 (1814). A. galegioides Nutt. Tium Rydberg:. Pods 2-3 cm. long, about 5 mm. high, and 4 mm. uide, opening first at base and along the ventral suture, shining, very faintly reticulated, abruptly acute at tip and rather tapering at base, young pods decidedly more arched ventrally, but the suture sometimes a little concave with age and the tip nearly in line with it, cross section triquetrous with concave sides to oblstely deltoid, dorsal suture not evident externally but raised as a thin edge within, ventral suture sharp and narrow. Stipe not longer than calyx, about 2 mm. long, bent near the middle and with a knob but not jointed. Flowers very many in dense spike-like racemes, purple tipped to white, with snake-like odor, 12-20 mm. long, rather narrow. Blades of petals 8-10 mm. long and with exserted claws. Banner arched to erect or less in gentle arc beyond calyx tips, oblanceolate, faintly purple- veined, little longer than the wings, seeming very narrow from the sides being much reflexed. Wings 2 mm. wide, lanceolate to lin- ear-oblanceolate, 2 mm. shorter than banner, rounded, wider at tip, not arched, narrower and a little longer than keel. Keel obliquely lanceolate-oblong, the tip gently rounded to 30-60% 7 mm. long, 3 mm. high. Calyx tube shoi't-cylindric, 4 mm. long, about 3 mm. high and 2 mm. wide, a little arched, not narrowed below, truncate at base and gibbous. Teeth setaceous and variable. Pedicels nearly filiform (except in one variety) 2 mm. long. Bracts hyaline, never shorter than the pedicels, rather deciduous, with thread-like tips, variable, 2-10 mm. long. Peduncles 5-16 cm. long, shorter than the leaves, with the floral rachis 5-10 cm. long in flower and often a foot long in fruit, the spikes very dense and wide. Leaves not over 1.5 dm. long, the upper the largest, rather stout. Petioles rarely 2 cm. long, almost none above. Leaf rachis tapering and stout. Leaflets 10-16 pairs, 1-2 cm. long, 3-7 mm. wide, lanceolate- elliptical to ovate-elliptical or nearly lineai-, sub-alternate, contigu- uous, leathery, truncate to rounded and apiculate, ashy with small, flat and closely appressed hairs. Stipules lanceolate to triangular- subulate, very broad at base and connate below, often 15 mm. long. Stems stout, erect, 2-3 ft. high, sulcate, flexuous, with internodes 4-7 cm. long, several from a several crowned, erect, stout root. Grows on poor and mostly clay soil on the Plains from the Canadian Pacific R. R. southward to central Mexico, eastward into Nebraska. Not on the Pacific or Great Basin drainage. Middle and Lower Tem- perate life zone. Astragalus racemosus var. brevisetus Jones Cont. 7 662 (1894). Bracts ovate-subulate, about 2 mm. long. Calyx teeth 2 mm. long and tube gibbous above, broadly oblong in outline, 3 mm. long, 2 mm. high, spuiTed. Pedicels 2 mm. long in flower, stout, longer than the bracts. Leaflets about 20 pairs. Hoary plants. This grows on the southern Plains, Nebraska to Texas. Astragalus racemosus var. longisetus Jones Cont. 7 663 (1895). Bracts very long-setaceous, as long as calyx tube. Calyx teeth seta- ceous and long. Leaflets about 2 cm. long and 7 mm. wide, elliptical. Stipules large and reflexed. Plants mostly robust. On the northern Plains from Colorado to Alberta. 209. Astragalus scopulorum Porter Fl. Col.' 24 (1874). A. subcompressus Gray, A. rasus Sheldon, Tium Rydberg. Pods with body about 2.5-3 cm. long, 5-7 mm. high, and 4 mm. wide, vei-y shortly-racemose-spicate, acuminate at base into a slender stipe which' is as long as or twice as long as the calyx tube, opening along Galegiforme*. 248 both sutures from tip to tip but valves not falling:, chartaceous, a little inflated, abruptly triangular-acute at tip and tip declined and about in line with the dorsal suture as in A. Drummondii, arcu- ate or when straight the ventral suture the more convex and sharp along the edge as in A. racemosus, broadly linear, deeply sulcate dor- sally normally reddish, with surface uneven and veiny, with dorsal suture intruded nearly to the ventral as a hyaline double partition and which opens along the lower side when mature but not along the inner edge, cross-section about cordate-ovate with sides never con- cave. Floral rachis rarely 5 cm. long. Flowers many, long-clawed, about 2 cm. long. Banner nearly erect in a sharp curve beginning beyond calyx tips, the erect part' fully 1 cm. long, oblong-oblanceo- late, 2-8 mm. longer than wings, rather fleshy below; groove V- ahaped at keel tip, shallowing to nothing above; sides reflexed 2-4 mm. wide in the middle and waterlined. Wings oblong-elliptical to lanceolate, either straight or arched 45% 4-7 mm. longer than keel, 4 mm. wide, concave to keel, widest part at keel tip. Keel straight, the blade 4 mm. long and 2-4 mm. high, the tip abruptly arched to erect and blunt, claw exserted. Calyx tube nigrescent, cylindric-campanulate, about 7 mm. long and 3 mm. high, nar- rowed at tip, 2-4 mm. wide, not cleft deeper above noticeably, gib- bous at base and often saccate on the upper comer, upper side arched, the lower straight, green and thickened on the lower cor- ner, horizontal in flower, teeth unequal, barely half as long as tube. Bracts dark, with hyaline edges, longer than the pedicels. Peduncles 5-15 cm. long. Floral rachis about 5 cm. long, not elongating much with age. Leaves 5-7 cm. long, all practically sessile. Leaflets thin, elliptical, truncate to rounded, 1-1.5 cm. long, green or glau- cous, apiculate, 5-13 pairs. Stipules conspicuously united opposite the petiole below, large. Stems rather densely tufted, decumbent, 1-2 ft. long, branched below. Root deep, branched, erect. Pubescence almost none. In moist canons in western and southern Colorado and adjoining New Mexico and up as high as 9,000 ft. alt. Com- mon in oak brush in the La Sals, Utah, at 7,000 to 8,000 ft. alt. It has spread to Thistle, Utah, along the railroad. Middle Temperate life zone. 210. Astragalus Drummondii Hooker Fl. Bor. Am. 1 153 t. 57 (1834). Tium Rydberg. Pods linear, curved ventrally or dor- sally, about 3 cm. long, about 3 mm. wide and high, torulose, coria- ceous, finely cross-nerved, with cross section rcniform, very hairy within, walls soft and about 1.5 mm. thick when fresh, the tip very oblique and declined, the sutures very thick and rigid and without the thin sharp edge as in scopulorum and racemosus, and deep red- dish brown, forming very strong ribs, the pod opening only a little at the tip along the dorsal suture, dorsal suture produced a very little as a thin partition except at tip but nearly touching the ventral because of pod being so sulcate. Stipe about twice the calyx. Fruiting spikes often a foot long with closely reflexed calyx. Flow- ers bright-white, variably yellowish when dry, many and dense. Ban- ner ascending in a long arc remote from calyx as in scopulorum and about 1.5 cm. long and 7 mm. wide at base; groove V-shaped, about 1 mm. wide and high and continuing to tip. Wings obliquely lance- oblong and acute, 2 mm. wide, concave to keel and spreading 30° at tip, 3 mm. longer than keel, cream-colored, the very tips incurved. Keel 5 mm. long, bent abruptly to erect, with a small projection below the tip or the purple tip abruptly turned out as a deltoid beak. Calyx cream-colored, minutely appressed-pubescent, barely to somewhat gibbous at base and widest there, about 3 mm. high below and 2 mm. wide, 2 mm. high at tip, appearing as if urn- shaped. Teeth triangular-subulate and about half as long as the tube, the lower the longer. Pedicels 4 mm. long in fruit. Leaves 7-10 cm. long, the upper sessile the lower short-petioled. Leaflets 1.5-2.5 cm. long, narrowly to broadly elliptical, obtuse to notched, 249 Galegiformes. ' 12-15 pairs, smooth on the upper side. Stipules ovate, not connate, much acuminate. Stems very stout and strict 2-3 ft. high, nearly simple, with internodes several times shorter than the leaves, several from thick and rather woody roots. Plants much infested by in- sects and fungi. Pubescence shaggy all over except on the shining and smooth pods and calyx. Grows in gravelly places and clay land in the upper edge of the Lower and throughout the Middle Temperate life zone. Blooms in late summer. From the Plains of Central Colorado at least as far south as Wet Mountain Valley to the Saskatchewan, westward to head of Salina canon and near Provo, Utah, to Deer Lodge Valley, Montana. Rare in Utah. \, > 250 ■■ ' LONCHOCARPI. 26. This group is nearest related to the Bisulcati be- cause of the obcompressed pod inclined to be bisulcate, 1-celled, stipitate, and opening only along the ventral su- ture, but in other features it approaches the Homalobi. Stems flexuous, 1-2 ft. high, rather rush-like and, like the leaves and peduncles, round, striate, green and rather fleshy and drying very slowly, slender. Stipules small, rigid, deltoid. Leaves short-petioled, of few distant leaf- lets or none. Leaflets nearly filiform, round in cross sec- tion or channeled, 1-3 cm. long, blunt, terminal leaflet a mere prolongation of rachis and not jointed to it. Pe- duncles stout, erect, with the rachis 1-2 dm. long, race- mosely few-flowered above the middle. Bracts minute, rather broad, shorter than the rather stout pedicels. Calyx cylindrical, truncate at both ends (triangular at base in lonchocarpus), attached near the middle, the teeth shorter than tube whi':'h is 3-6 mm. long and 2 mm. wide. Flowers about 1-1.5 cm. long, the blades half as long and sharply arched and rather wide, pearl-white to light-purple. Pods pendent on recurved pedicels which are not twisted, slightly sulcate to much obcompressed ventrally, with thick and conspicuous ventral suture somewhat raised, acute at both ends and stipitate or con- tracted at base and seemingly stipitate, opening along the ventral suture and inclined to be explanate, the cavity inflated somewhat, smooth to ashy, 2-6 cm. long, nar- rowly oblong to linear-oblanceolate, nearly straight, ventral suture mostly the more arched, about 5 mm. wide. KEY. A. Pods with stipe if any shorter than calyx. Flowers 1-2 cm. lonj;, wliite. Fods conical-acute at both ends. 211 Kaihensis. Pods with long and flat beak. 212 Osterhouti. Flowers 7 mm. long, not white. 21;, Diuhesnensis. 2A. Pods long-stipitate, greatly obcompressed so that the cross section is nearly linear to oblately deltoid or quadrate, mostly very broadly and shallow-sulcate on each side of the thick ven- tral suture, pendulous, opening only along the ventral suture and explanate with age, coriaceous, often a trifle wider above, about 5 cm. long. Whole plant green and rush-like. 214 lonchocarpu.;, 211. Astragalus Kaibensis Jonps Cont. 10 64 (1902). Almost exactly similar to A. Episcopus except that the leaves are rarely over 5 cm. long-, the pedicels sometimes only twice the bracts, and in the flowers and pods. Pods about 2 cm, lonp:, oblong, conical- acute at both ends, 5-6 mm. in diameter and cross section about 251 Lonchocarpi. } circular, a trifle sulcate ventrally, ventral suture a little the more arched, the cavity much wider than the seeds and so decidedly in- flated, smooth. Flowers white, 1-1.5 cm. long, straight, ascending. Calyx cylindrical, about 6 mm. long and 2- mm. wide, about round, with triangular rather fleshy oblique base attached on the lower corner straight with base, slightly oblique at tip, with subulate teeth from a deltoid base about 1 mm. long. Petals about as in A. Epis- copus. The flowers approach those of A. lonchocarpus. Lower Tem- perate life zone, growing in sandy places at House Rock north of Lee's Ferry, Ariz. 212. Astragalus Osterhouti n. sp. Pods (including the short stipe) 3.5-4 cm. long, about 4 mm. high, slightly to much laterally flattened, the cross section being narrowly elliptical to oval, not at all sulcate at either suture, acuminate at both ends, the tip a long flat beak, the base with the rather thick sutures uniting into a stout stipe as long as or much shorter than the calyx, surface smooth, reticulations slight and wide, ventral suture inclined to be convex about two-thirds the way up, and sutures equally approaching above, but not always, with the general appearance of A. Kaibensis. Pods short-racemose, rather many, on pedicels 4-7 mm. long, which are several times longer than the small bracts. Flowers ochroleucous, about 2 cm. long, about as in A. racemosus. Banner about 1 cm. long, ovate, arched remotely from calyx to 45°, with sides much re- flexed below, 4-6 mm. longer than wings. Wings about 2 mm. wide, 3 mm. longer than keel, nearly straight. Keel about 4 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, the tip very obtuse and rounded, 3 mm. high. Calyx tube 6-7 mm. long, about 4 mm. high, oblique and cleft deeper above, the base deltoid or rounded, not saccate, teeth not 1 mm. long, tri- angular, surface minutely pubescent with sparse and very short appressed hairs. Peduncles about a foot long, very stout, often 4 mm. thick, subterminal. Leaves about 1 dm. long, wide, of about 4-5 pairs of linear, thick, blunt, rather arcuate leaflets 2-3 cm. long and 2 mm. wide, phyllodia-like and gi-een as are the rachis and peduncles. Petiole shorter than the lowest leaflet. The upper leaf- lets are almost sessile and the lower rather long-petiolulate, but all jointed to the coarse but tapering rachis. Stems probably 2-3 ft. high. Stipules small, inclined to be connate opposite the petiole. This remarkably distinct species certainly belongs here in flowers and general fruit character but other characters remind one forcibly of the Episcopus group. Sulphur Springs, Grand Co., Colo- rado. Nos. 3038 and 3235, July, 1905, and June, 1906, Geo. E. Os- terhout for whom it is named. Lower Temperate life zone. 213. Astragalus Duchesnensis Jones Cont. 13 9 (1910). Plants with the filiform and much branched underground stems of A. jun- ceus, loosely tufted with mostly single stems to a root-branch. In- ternodes 2.5-5 cm. long. Whole plant except the calyx ashy. Stems racemosely branched from the base and angled to about 45°. Leaves 5-8 cm. long, with about 3 pairs of leaflets 1-2 mm. wide and 1-2 cm. long, petiolulate. Peduncles and rachis about 1 dm. long. Bracts minute and deltoid. Pedicels in flower very short, in fruit 2 mm. long. Calyx and pedicel nigrescent. Calyx short-cylindric, about 3 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, reddish, cleft deeper above, not com- pressed, teeth rudimentary and deltoid. Flowers red to pink-pur- ple, drying blue, banner oval, about 7 mm. long, arched to 90^ in gentle arc from calyx tip, sides reflexed about 1 mm. wide, most in the middle, a little black-nerved above, notched, a trifle longer than wings, white spot with about 6 broad and white bands coming within 1 mm. of tip and sides, sulcus shallow and very broad. Wings lunate-oblanceolate, 2 mm. wide, a little narrowed above, obtuse, arched about 45", white, entii'e, flat to the keel and about 1 mm. longer. Keel with arched base, tip very broad, incurved more than 90°, about 2 mm. high, black-purple tipped, surpassing calyx by 5 mm., tip deltoid at end. Pods white when young, nearly straight but arcuate rather more below or sometimes forming a slight S Lonchocarpi. 252 by being reversed curved at tip, linear-oblanceolate to broadly lin- ear, 3-6 cm. lonj?, 5-7 mm. wide above the middle, obcompressed ventrally and with a slight concavity but not bisulcate, cross section often flat to deltoid, hairy within, a little inflated, chartaceous to leathery, apiculate to very acute at tip and narrowed to a very broad pseudostipe at base. Ventral suture a little raised, dorsal impressed. Pod reddish to green. Common on the sandy mesas from 13 miles below Theodore, Utah, to Chepeta Well, Colorado, and the White river. Lower Temperate life zone. A. pinonis Jones is very liable to be this species when that species is better known, but so far the calyx teeth are very much longer and pod not ob- compressed. 214. Astragalus lonchocarpus Torr. Pac. R. R. Rep. 4 80 (1857). Phaca macrocarpa Gray PI. Fend. 36 (1849). Tragacan- tha lonchocarpa (Torr.) Kuntze, Homalobus macrocarpus (Gray) Rydberg. Pods about straight, 5-7 mm. wide, sharply acuminate at both ends and long-acuminate at base, broadly linear-oblanceolate to even linear-elliptical, faintly cross-ribbed, with both sutures very prominent when dry, fleshy and oblately oval in cross section when fresh and pods with woody fibers running lengthwise which appear as red dots in the pulp of cross sections; dorsal suture raised and nerve-like; stipe at least twice the calyx. Flowers many, pearl- white and rather fleshy, rarely purple, loose, horizontal to reflexed, 1-1.5 cm. long, with rather broad blades. Banner arched to 90-110^ 3 mm. beyond the calyx teeth in a gentle arc, 7 mm. longer than keel, oblique, narrowly oblong from a broad base; groove narrowly U-shaped, 1 mm. wide, 1.5 mm. deep and extending to calyx tips, ' shallower above and open. Wings linear but wider 2 mm. below tip, arched so as to cover the center of keel, 2 mm. wide, flat to keel but concave beyond it, not spreading, close-pressed to it and 5 mm. longer. Keel bent in a sharp curve to 100', with straight base, the erect part 3-4 mm. high and as long as the base, mostly purple-tipped but yellowish otherwise. Calyx tube 5-7 mm. long, nearly cylindric, hyaline, 2 mm. high, 1.5 mm. wide, with thickened and green bracteolate and oblique base, reddish, cleft a little deeper above, tapering at base into the pedicel which is reflexed in fruit; teeth slender to deltoid, about 2 mm. long, half the tube or less, broadly subulate, not spreading. Bracts very small, half as long as pedicels or less in fruit. Pedicels stout, strigose, 5-7 mm. long. Peduncles in flower longer than the spikes, in fruit often less, 1-3 dm. long, not manifestly grooved when fresh but decidedly so when dry, strict and erect, subterminal, densely flowered above. Leaves leathery, fleshy when fresh, not over 8 cm. long. Leaflets none to 3 pairs, linear to filiform, rarely wider than the green rachis and al- ways like it, 1.5-3 cm. long, distant, obscurely jointed to rachis, ses- sile, the rachis often leafless and then 5-8 cm. long, the end leaflet not conspicuously and rarely at all enlarged. Stipules distinct, or connate below, small. Stems many, conspicuously grooved, densely tufted, branched, tall, the branches not {angled, from a fleshy and erect taproot, the internodes 8 cm. long or less. Pubescence hoary, composed of wide, flat, very short and appressed hairs throughout except on the pods v/hich are nearly smooth. It grows in poor and alkaline soil and has the habit of A. junceus but without the under- ground and branching roots and grows in large tufts around alka- line seeps and similar slopes and washes. The peculiar rush-like habit with stems and leaves equally green cause it to be overlooked. From Pioche, Nevada, northward to F'erguson Spring near Ibapah, Utah, eastward from Pioche north of the Grand Canon along the Virgin (north to Cedar City) and the Kanab region, throughout the Navajo Basin drainage, eastward through Durango and the Little Colorado to the Rio Grande, thence northward to Pueblo and Canon City. Lower Temperate life zone in very poor alkaline soil either sand or clay. 253 HAMOSI. 27. Pods linear or naiTow, 1-4 cm. long (rarely 2 cm. long), rarely 5 mm. high, nearly always laterally flat- tened and inclined to be triquetrous in cross section and to have concave sides, mostly acuminate or shai p-pointed, 2-celled or with dorsal suture very much intruded, nearly always sulcate dorsally, rarely so ventrally and with ventral suture mostly sharp and raised, not inflated (a little so in Mulfordse), rigid, coriaceous only in glaber and A. distortus and then somewhat fleshy, chartaceous (papery in Mulfordae and Inyoensis), variably arcuate. Flowers small, rarely 1.2 cm. long, in racemes (in short spikes in sylvaticus-Nevinii groups, and in heads in A. calycosus). Slender perennials (A. Inyoensis and albens probably are winter annuals) spreading over the ground in small tufts. Stipules connate only in A. Andersoni, Plants of the Lower Temperate life zone but extending a little into the adjoining zones. i KEY. A. Pods not refJexed, sessile. AB. Pods nearly round to renlform in cross-section, not jointed to calyx, inclined to be narrower below. Flowers with cam- panulate calyx. Leaves nearly sessile, with many pairs of leaflets. Pubescence attached by the base, nol hoary except in A. Coahuilae when young. Plants of New Mexico and eastward. ABC. Pods cartilaginous, inclined to be fleshy v/hen green, lunate to linear-oblanceolate, acuminate at boCh ends, cross- section about renitorm, rarely triquetrous-cordate. Calyx teeth shorter than the tube. Flowers rather mnny and nearly capitate. Leaflets elliptical. Stems diffuse and spreading. Pod;- lunate and tapering at both ends. 215 distortus. AB2C. Stems erect, a foot or so high. Flowers few in loose racemes. Pods coriaceous only in the first species. Flowers I cm. long, white. 216 glaber. Flowers 8 mm. long, jiurple. 217 Coahuilae. A2B. Pods spreading, inclined to be jointed to (he calyx, 2- celled, nearly linear (sometimes cblcng in A. calycosus and then small), somewhat laterally CatLened to nearly round in cross-section and about triangular-ccrdatr, chartaceous, pu- bescent, not less than 7 mm. long, 2-4 mm. high, a little arcuate, not reflexed, pungently beaked, ncrr wed at base but not stipitate. Flowers 7-10 mm. long, light-colored, short and stubby much as in A. junceus, in heads cr short racemes which are long-peduncled, broad, ascending^, w ih broad petals and enlarged or lobed wings. Calyx ca ::ipanulatc, about 4 mm. long and 2 mm. high, with short teeih. Pedicels about 2 mm. long and longer than the small brccts. Peduncles 1-1.5 H«ino*i. 254 i dm. long, longer than the Ie?,ves. Leaflets obovate to oblong- ovate, rarely linear. Stems branched from the base or acau- lescent. Pubescence hoary, of flat and appressed hairs at- tached by the middle. Stipules triangular and small, not con- nate. Species closely allied to Oxytropis. Oxytropidoides. r<)(ls acuminate. Stems lonj; and prostratL. 218 Ari/oniciis. Toils not acuminate. Stems almost none. 219 calycosus_ 2A. Pods stipitate or reflexed. Pubescence attached by the base. 2AB. Pods erect on a stipe shorter than the ca!vx and jointed to it, triquetrous, with concavo sides, linear, 2-5 cm. long, 2-3 i mm. high, acute at both ends, slighily larger toward the tip, smooth, with cross-section Y-shaped. Flo^wers ascending, few and racemose. Banner oval, 5-6 mm. long, abruptly arched at calyx tips to erect or more. Wings about linear. I Keel blunt. Bracts minute. Peduncles shorter than the leaves. I Leaflets thick, flat, distant. Calyx spreading to horizontal in fruit. Pubescence ashy and closely appressed when present. Stems rather rush-like and round, colored like the leaves. Hairs short, fiat, white but inclined to be dark on the calyx. i Plants of the Californian deserts. Orcuttiani. Leaflets about 4 pairs. 220 Bernardinus- Leaflets about 15 pairs. 221 tricarinatus- 2A2B. Pods deeply sulcate dorsally, generally obcompressed be- low, and much arcuate, chartaceous barely wider above, about 2-3 cm. long and 2 mm. high, smooth, on stout stipe shorter than calyx and not jointed to it, cross section rather deltoid or oblately so, with the same peculiar, stubby, de- clined tip as in A. Drummondii. Leafiets about 12 pairs, gradually smaller above, distant, nearly round, on very short I petioles and with long and tapering leaf-rachis. Tropical. Pods with concave sides, and flowers about 7 mm. long. 222 OrcutlianMS. 2A3B. Pods reflexed (apparently ascending in the A. Nevinii group or at least indifferently spreading), triquetrous in cross-section, never straight. 2A3BC. Pods not stipitate, jointed to calyx, linear, much ar- i^ cuate. Flowers small. Pods arched to a half circle. 223 drepanolobus- F 2A3B2C. Pods stipitate (minutely so in A. Congdoni and An- ^ dersoni). If- 2A3B2CD. Pods jointed to a stipe which is shorter than tthe calyx, linear to narrowly oblong. 2A3B2CDE. Whole r«lfint softly silky, even the pods pu- fi^ bescent. Pods with cordate cross-section, slightly sul- |i- cate dorsally. Flowers white or whitish, with clon- al gated banner 1-1.5 cm. long. Calyx tube about 4 mm. a* long, rather truncate below and inserted on the cor- ^; ner, cleft deeper above and oblique. Leaflets ellipti- P cal and apiculate. Pubescence of very fine, long, ^ twisted or wavy, nearly smooth hairs. Pod closely reflexed. 224 Concidoni. Pods not closely rellexed. 225 Andersoni. ■3^; 2A3B2CD2E. Whole plant smooth or nearly so including j^ the shiny pods. Flowers small. Pods arched to a half circle. 226 sylvaticus- W': 2A3B2CD3E. Pods shortly appressed-pubescent, tapering gr into a short stipe, with broad cross-section. Leaves I silvery-hoary with short and appressed hairs. Flowers ^ small. I'ods arched nearly to a circle. 227 albens* 255 Hamosi. 2A3B2C2D. Pods not jointed to stipe which is mostly longer than the caJyx, nearly straight (much arched in A. Inyo- ensis). 2A3B2C2DE. Pods rather abruptly contracted at both ends, never linear not wider than oblong. Perennials (except A. Inyoensis). 2A3B2C2DEF. Pubescence never white-woolly, plants not shrubby above the base. Pods reflexed, about 4 mm. high, very oblique, but not arcuate evidently. Flowers smaU, sti:bby, with broad keel, not over 1 cm. long, raceir.ose. Slender plants. Leaflets 6-9 pairs, not over 1 cm. long, thick. 2A3B2C2DEFG. Pods 2-3 cm. long including the stipe, and at least 5 times as long as high prob- ably reflexed but appearing ascending. Upper leaves about sessile. Pubescence somewhat scanty and of soft and very fine and short tangled hairs, inclined to be ashy. Flowers white. Pods with till and base long. 22S Howellii. 2A3B2C2DEF2G. Pods about 1 cm. long, with body not over three times as long as wide, papery, a little inflated, abruptly short-pointed and half- ovrl or arcuate-oblong, with deltoid cross-section, with ventral suture raised and thickened. Ban- ner about 5 mm. long, oval. Calyx tube about 2 cm. long, acute at base. Blooming in May. Polls not long-beaked. 229 Midfordae. Pods long-beaked. 230 Inyoensis. 2A3E2C2DE2F. Plants white-woolly, with woody stems, densely congested, prostrate, densely leaved and with short internodes. Peduncles stout, longer than the leaves. Leaflets oval-obovate 6-9 mm. long. Stipules small and inconspicuous. Ventral suture raised and thickened but not produced as a sharp edge. Pods smooth. 2:51 Nevinii, Pods short-woolly. 232 Traskiae.' 2A3B2C2D2E. Pods very narrowly linear and greatly elongated, 4-6 cm. long and hardly 3 mm. wide or high, long-acuminate at both ends, reflexed. Perennials. Pods alm.ist tiliform and very long. 233 Arthur!. 215. Astragalus distortus T. & G. Fl. 1 333 (1838). Tra^a- cantha Kuntze. Tium Rydberff. Pods from lunate and conspicuously tapering at both ends to oblong-obovate, lanceolate or oblanceolate and less sharply pointed, variable on the same plant, reniform to didymous m the type in cross-section, with both sutures intruded and sulcate on both side of the pod, but sulcate most alon? the dor- sal suture and that suture variously produced but mostly ' nearly touching the ventral, pod inclined to be obcompressed in the type, much arched or very oblique but tip straight and symmetrical and triangular to apiculate, pod often twisted and rugulose with uneven sides, rather smooth and reticulated except close to the ventral su- ture, rarely truncate at base, swollen in the middle, 2-4 cm. long about 5 mm. wide and 3-4 mm. high, sessile or with minute stipe' Flowers 10-20, purplish to nearly white. 7-12 mm. long. Banner elliptical, about 7-10 mm. long, deeply notched, gently arched to 4o at end of calyx tips, sides reflexed. Wings narrowfy oblong, a little arched, about 1 mm. wide, 2-3 mm. longer than keel and about as much shorter than banner. Keel about 4 mm. long, surpassino- the calyx, arched in about a half circle, 1-2 mm. wide, 3 mm. high Hamosi. 256 at the rounded and nearly erect and purple tip. Calyx tube nar- rowly campanulate, about 3 mm. long, attached near the lower corner, the broadly triangular teeth about half as long and nigres- cent. Pedicels about 2 mm. long, longer or shorter than the ovate to triangular-subulate bracts. Peduncles 1-2 dm. long, filiform, rather spreading. Spikes rounded to oblong. Leaves about 1 dm. long, weak and lax and with tapering rachis and evident petioles even above. Leaflets 7-19 (mostly 10) pairs, all about the same size on each leaf, the well developed ones oblong to obovate, with cuneate and long-petiolulate base, hardly 1 cm. long, those of the lowest leaves often very small and oval, usually notched. Upper internodes the shorter. Stems 1-2 ft. long, weak and straggling. Stipules rather broad, acute, green and spreading, 3-5 mm. long. Plants nearly smooth. From Mason Co., 111., and eastern Kansas to Oklahoma and southern Texas and Mississippi on prairies and margins of woods. Lower Temperate life zone mostly. Blooming in spring. Astragalus distortus var. Engelmanni (Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 152 (1894) as species). Pods lunate, reticulated, with cross-sec- tion triangular-cordate, the dorsal suture inti-uded only as a raised line, coriaceous, not obcompressed, 4-5 mm. high. No. 145 E. Hall from open woods at Houston, Texas, in flower and fruit in April. Also Indian Terr. (Oklahoma) by Carleton. 216. Astragalus glaber Mx. Fl. 2 66 (1803). A. apilosus Sheldon. Tragacantha Michauxii Kuntze. Pods narrowly oblong to linear, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, 4-6 mm. high or wide, coriaceous, acute at both ends and a little curved below, somewhat swollen in the mid- dle, inclined to be obcompressed when mature, shallow-sulcate dor- sally, smooth, reticulated, not fully 2-celled the suture being in- truded half way, with triangular-reniform cross section. Flowers white, spreading to reflexed, a little over 1 cm. long, not narrow. Banner 6-8 mm. long, sharply arched at calyx tips to erect, about 4 mm. longer than wings, with sides reflexed below. Wings oblan- ceolate, little longer than keel, about 2 mm. wide, arched 45°. Keel about 6 mm. long, the base a trifle convex, then abruptly erecc and tip 4 mm. high, triangular, but obtuse, the base about 3 mm. high. Calyx about 5 mm. long and 3 mm. high, nearly truncate below and attached on the lower corner where it is a little fleshy, not oblique above, with broad and rounded sinuses and narrowly triangular teeth alaout 1 mm. long, hyaline. Pedicels slender, 2-3 mm. long, rather longer than the ovate bracts. Peduncles about as long as leaves, the rachis as much more, slender. Leaves 6-8 cm. long, tapering, scattered (because of the slender internodes). Leaflets 7-18 pairs, 1-2 cm. long, linear-elliptical, thick, the lower ones obtuse to notched, conspicuously reduced above on the rachis. Stipules minute, spreading. Stems strict, very sulcate, about 2 ft. long. Pubescence none throughout except on the lower side of leaflets and calyx. North Carolina, Georgia and Florida on barrens. Blooming in summer. Lower Temperate life zone. 217. Astragalus Coahullae n. sp. Pods linear-oblong, char- taceous, nearly straight, triangular-acute, 2-celled except at tip, flattened laterally, or nearly round, nearly smooth, about 1.5 cm. long and 3-4 mm. high, inclined to be sharply sulcate dorsally. Flowers few, purplish, about 8 mm. long. Banner oval, arched abruptly at calyx tips to 45' or erect, 6-7 mm. long, with sides re- flexed 1 mm. wide below, with narrow white spot purple-veined. Wings lanceolate, arched to 45°, about 2 mm. longer than keel and 4 mm. shorter than banner. Keel with straight base and then abruptly rounded to a little more than erect and with deltoid tip 3 mm. high. Calyx lube about 3 mm. lorg, acute at base and" about equally inserted, nigrescent, oblique at tip, und cleft deeper above, the sinuses rather narrow, the teeth subulate and nearly as long as tube, black. Pedicels slender 2-3 mm. long, a little longer 257 Hamosi. than the triangular bracts. Peduncles 5-7 cm. long, slender, rather shorter than the leaves and rather longer than the rachis. Leaves 6-8 cm. long, narrow, somewhat tapering, longer than the internodes, nearly sessile. Leaflets about 10 pairs, elliptical, obtuse, about 1 cm. long, rather ashy with v/avy and rather loose short and fine hairs, young parts hoai^y. Stipules green, triangular, reflexed, hardly 5 mm. long. Stems about 2 ft. high, much branched, apparently from a woody root, a little flexuous. Parras Coahuila, Nos. 1078 and 4672 Purpus. Tropical, blooming in spring and fall. Dr. Matthews's specimens from Fort Wingate, New Mexico, in the Gray herbarium in flovv^er only are much the same but with linear leaflets and longer calyx tube and very long lanceolate bracts. Probably another species. 218. Astragalus Arizonicus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 7 398 (1868). Pods 2-4 cm. long, linear, a little arcuate, rather closely appressed-erect, with spreading tips, occasionally slightly sulcate dorsally but very narrowly so, both sutui-es rather prominent, much laterally flattened, not densely pubescent, occasionally rather toru- lose, with ventral suture forming a strong rib, raised, concave along the middle, convex at both ends, and beak straight and arising from a little above the middle of the end, and about 4 mm. long, the pod abruptly contracted into it, cross-section narrowly triangular- cordate. Flowers about 1 cm. long, many, in short racemes, dirty- white and with purplish edges. Banner oval, arched to erect either remotely from or at calyx tips, about 7 mm. long, with sides re- flexed 2' mm. wide below, barely longer than keel. Wings not longer than keel, narrowly oblong, 2 mm. wide, entire, rounded and very oblique, purple below, whitish above, the tips incurved and hori- zontal. Keel arched a little below, then abruptly erect and pro- duced into a sharp tip 3-4 mm. high, large, dark-tipped, 5 mm. long. Calyx tube campanulate, about 3 mm. long, acutish at base and equally inserted, a little oblique at tip, cleft deeper above, with rounded sinuses, closely appressed-nigrescent, a little obcompressed above with fleshy base, on a short and stout pedicel about as long as the ovate bract, teeth flaring, triangular, rather unequal, shorter than the tube, or nearly as long. Peduncles stout, spreading, 1-2 dm. long. Leaves 7-10 cm. long, the upper nearly sessile, wide. Leaflets 4-7 pairs, linear and acute to elliptical and rounded, the narrower ones 2-3 cm. long, the wider ones about 7 mm. long, dis- tant, rather long-petiolulate. Stipules small, triangular, brown, about 3 mm. long. Stems more pubescent than the leaves, woody at base, procumbent to prostrate, flexuous and often much so. Pubescence hoary and a little loose. On the western and southern flanks of the Mogollon plateau from the Chimihuevis Mts. to cen- tral Mexico, Lower Temperate and upper part of the Tropical life zones. Blooming in April and May. 219. Astragalus calycosus Torrey Bot. King 66 t. 10 (1871). A. brevicaulis Nelson. A. cyanoseminus Greene. " Hamosa Rydberg. Pods 7-25 mm.' long, oblong to linear, abruptly acute and with a. short apiculation to tapering and the beak 3 mm. long with beak in line with the ventral suture, rather deeply and narrowly sulcate dorsally, Avith cross section oblong-obovate-cordate, nearly straight to decidedly arched, the ventral suture concave throughout, but little raised and narrow. Flowers few, capitate, mostly 1 cm. long. Banner abruptly arched at calyx tips to erect, white or purple, oval, about 5 mm. long or less, deeply notched, with sides reflexed about 1 mm. wide, much longer than the keel and a little longer than wings. White spot broad, cuneate, broadly notched, groove rectan- gular and wider than high. Wings very closely appressed to keel throughout, red-purple to keel tip and while beyond, deeply cleft into 2 lobes, the lovver ones oblong, 2-4 mm. long, straight and like normal wings, the upper one-third wider and erect, both lobes rounded and narrow at tip (usually there is a fine thread almost as long as the lobes coming out at their junction), 2-3 mm. longer than Hamosi. 258 keel, 1 mm. shorter than banner. Keel claw enlarjred just above the calyx so as to make a hollow in the banner, with decided hump at base, purple-tipped, the base a little arched, then sharply rounded to erect, the blade forming- about a half circle, acutish to very obtuse, 4 mm. long, 3 mm. high. Calyx tube campanulate, 3-4 mm. long, cleft deeper above, with rounded sinuses, oblique at base and inserted on the lower corner, silvery to nigrescent and densely pubescent, teeth tri- angular, i-ather lax, about half as long as tube. Bracts ovate, about 1 mm. long. Pedicels 1-3 mm. long in fruit. Peduncles filiform, erect in flower, mostly flat on the ground in fruit, from 1-15 cm. long, in the diminutive forms concealed in the leaves, in more robust ones 4 times as long as leaves, 2-6 flowered, scapose. Leaves 2-10 cm. long, with filiform petiole twice as long as rachis, fascicled on the very short crowns. Leaflets 1-3 pairs, oblong to obovate, 2-10 mm. long, silvery on both sides, usually acute, thick, flat, on the lowest leaves often there is but one obovate leaflet. Stipules large, deltoid, imbricated mostly, 3-.5 mm. long. Stems reduced to many short crowns in dense but small mats crowning a long, slender, erect root. Growing on gravelly mesas but well drained and on rocky ridges from the foothills to 10,500 ft. alt. on Mt. Ibapah, Utah. Common from the bad lands of western Wyoming to Poca- tello, Idaho, and Glenwood Springs, Colorado, to the Mogollons and the Sierras. Lower and Middle Temperate life zones. Blooming in spring. A very variable plant. Ihe starved plants are as dense and short as a crespitose phlox. Those growing in the shade are long-petioled and long poduncled. The pods vary from about as long as calyx and teeth to an inch long. Astragalus calvcosus var. scaposus (Gray) Jones Cont. 4 26 (1893). A. scaposus Cray Proc. Am. Acad. 13 366 (1878). A. candicans Greene. Pods about 1 cm. long, densely pubescent, only slightly flattened, about half included in the long calyx, straight. Flowers reddish-purple, rarely white. Petals barely twice the calyx, rather stubby. Banner obcordate, a little longer than keel and equaled by the wings. Lobing of wings very variable. Calyx ob- long-campar.ulate, teeth deltoid and about 1 mm. long, not lax. Peduncles often 2 dm. long. Heads oblong, 6-12 flowered. Leaflets 3-5 pairs. Along the Colorado river from McElmo Cr. Colorado to Hackberry, Arizona, and Owen's Valley, California. Lower Tem- perate lite zone. 220. Astragalus Bernardinus Jones Cont. 7 661 (1895). Pods apiculate, 2.5 cm. long, about 3 mm. high at tip and 1 mm. high at base, shallow-sulcate dorsally, completely 2-celled, very finely reticulated, ventral suture acute, dorsal angles rounded, l-'lowers 6-10, reflexed, 6-8 mm. long. Banner about 2 mm. longer than wings. Wings arched to erect, about 1 mm. longer than keel. Keel arched to a half circle from base, 3-4 mm. high and long, rather obtuse. Calyx tube 2-3 mm. long, rounded at base and about equally inserted, the subulate teeth about as long. Pedicels very short. Peduncles not over 2.5-3 cm. long, rachis about as long or twice as long. Leaves 5-7 cm. long, the rachis like the stems green and tapering, cui-ved. Leaflets about" 4 pairs, narrowly- oblong, about 1.2 cm. long and 3 mm. wide, obtuse but not notched, equally rounded at both ends, ashy on both sides, the upper pairs reduced, on very weak petiolules. Stipules triangular, green, evi- dent. Stems about 2 dm. long, ascending, slender, with internodes not over 3 cm. long. Eastern base of the San Bernardino Mts., Cali- fornia, Lower Temperate life zone, at Cushenberry Canon, Parish; Barnwell Mrs. Brandegee, Charleston Mt. Purpus. Blooming in May. 221. Astragalus tricarinatus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 12 56 (1876). Pods broadly linear, arcuate a little at maturity, appar- ently 3-keeled by the concave sides making 3-angles, broadly sul- cate dorsally, about 3.5 cm. long and 5 mm. high, smooth, the ven- tral suture very acutely keeled. Flowers spreading, white, about 1-2 cm. long. Banner about 5 mm. long, with sides much reflexed 259 Hamoai. ••and nearly 2 mm. wide. Wings nearly linear, arched to 45", a .little longer than keel and 3-4 mm. shorter than banner. Keel with straight and thick base and then abruptly erect, about 3 mm. high at tip and darker. Calyx about 3 mm. long and high, equally in- serted and not oblique, with broad sinuses and subulate teeth a little shorter than tube, on a slender pedicel 2-3 mm. long which is longei than the triangular bract. Peduncle 2-3 dm. long, the rachis half to a third as long. Leaves nearly 2 dm. long, very nar- row, nearly sessile and with long and tapering rachis, ascending. Leariets about 15 pairs, 7-10 mm. long, oval to broadly elliptical, rounded to notched, silvery-white above with closely packed and appressed short hairs, green below. Internodes very short, rarely 2 cm. long, stems erect and slender, about a foot high, from a woody base. Whitewater at the Base of the San Bernardino Mts., California, Parry; San Emigdio Canon Kern Co. Cal. Davy. Tropical. 222. Astragalus Orcuttianus Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 20 3G1 (1885). Pods with erect tips but calyx rather retiexed, widely sul- cate, 2-celied except at tip, sides concave, ventral suture a sharp edge. Flowers about 7 mm. long, pink, short and stubby. Ban- ner oval, nearly 7 mm. long, abruptly erect at calyx tips, about 3 mm. longer than wings. Wings obiong, arched to 45% about 1 mm. longer than keel. Keel veiy short, with straight ' base and then abruptly erect to the triangular and acute tip which is about 3 mm. high. Calyx about 2 mm. long, acute ac base and equally inserted and not oblique, inclined to be oblique at tip and cleit deeper above, the triangular teeth a littie shorter than the tube, hyaline and very thin. Pedicels slender, 2-4 mm. long, much longer than the triangu- lar bracts. Peduncles axillaiy, rareiy 5 cm. i.^-.g, about as long as floral rachis in the type. Leaves 7-12 cm. long. Leaflets round to oval, 3-7 mm. long, with broadly cuneate base, distant, thin, notched, 8-12 pairs, smooth. Stipules small and recui-ved. Stems very slender and branching from a woody base, many, decumbent, a toot long, with very short internodes. Whole plant smooth, but young parts minutely pubescent. Cantillas Canon Lower Califor- nia, Urcutt. Brandegee's material from San Enrique L. Cal. has very long floral rachis and many pods. Astragalus Orcuttianus var. Gregorianus Jones Cont. 10 '63 (1902). Pods equally arched to a quarter circle, narrowed and ob- compressed below, laterally flattened above and about 3 .mm. high, deeply sulcate at base ana littie so at tip which is abruptly acicular and declined and nearly in line with tne dorsal suture, ventral su- ture raised as a snaip and thin edge, pods smooth, chartaceous, finely reticulated, about 2-5 cm. long, blowers about 1 cm. long,' broad, pink. Banner oval, about 1 cm. long, with sides reflexed nearly 4 mm. wide at base, arched abruptly at calyx tips to oO', about 4 mm. longer than wings. V/ings obliquely ooovate, axxhed 30% about 1 mm. longer than keel, 2 mm. wide. Keel as in the type and about 4 mm. high and as long. Calyx tube very oblique aoove and teeth unequal, about 1 mm. long. i^eduncles with floral rachis about a foot long. Leaflets obovate to obcordata, about 1 cm. long. San Gregorio and San Enrique L. Cal. in Bloom in Feb- ruary. Brandegee. 223. Astragalus drepanolobus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 19 75 (1883). Pous abouu 2 cm. long and 2-3 mm. high and 1 inm. wide, smootn and shining, arclied to about a half circle, a trifle narrowed at both ends, rounded and obtuse at base, triangular-acute at tip. finely reticulated, papery, 2-celled except at tip, with a sharp and narrow sulcus, the ventral suture a mere line and not raised. Flow- ers about 5 mm. long, broad, white. Banner nearly round, about 4 mm. long, arcned abruptly near end of tube to 45-80% with sides retiexed 1 mm. wide and most below about 3 mm. longer than wings. Wings obiong-liaear, arched 45 , acutish, fully 1 mm. longer than Hamosi. 260 keel. Keel about 3 mm. long, nearly straight then abruptly erect and tip a little out-turned and acutish, nearly 3 mm. hig-h, about equaling: the calyx tips, purple-tipped. Calyx tube about 2 mm. long, acutish and a little oblique at base, about equaled by the subu- late teeth, nigrescent. Pedicels very short and bracts minute. Peduncles filiform, rather shorter than the leaves, 2-3 cm. long, axil- lary, hardly as long as the fruiting rachis. Leaves 3-4 cm. long, with the petiole nearly ps long as its rachis, many but open. Leaf- lets 4-5 pairs, rather obovate, often notched, nearly 1 cm. long, not contiguous. Stipules small. Stems very slender and flexuous, v.-eak and spreading, branched, apparently from slender underground stems from a perenial root, but possibly winter annuals, about a foot long. Blooming in May. John Day river Oregon Howell. Middle Temperate life zone. 224. Astragalus Congdoni Watson Proc Am. Acad. 20 360 (1885). Pods minutely pubescent when mature, densely so and often nigrescent when young, shortly acuminate and inclined to have tip declined, reticulate, loosely racemose, closely reflexed, about 2 cm. long, and 2-3 mm. wide and high, rather cordate in cross section, tPie ventral suture thick and with sharp edge along the middle, barely acute at base. Flowers white, narrow, rather closely racemose, reflexed. Banner oblong-ovate, about 1 cm. long, arched abruptly about 2 mm. beyond calyx tips to 45^, with sides re- flexed about 1 mm. wide below, nearly 5 mm. longer than wings. Wings oblong, arched 30% about 2 mm. longer than keel. Keel about 4 mm. long and high at tip, the base proper about 1 mm. long, the rest a rather deltoid erect and acutish not darker tip 4 mm. high. Calyx tube about 4 mm. high inserted near the lower corner on a stout black pedicel, black-woolly, teeth rather shorter than the tube, subulate from a broad base, the lower the longer. Pedicels almost none. Bracts hyaline, triangular, about 3 mm. long. Peduncles about 1 dm. long, sulcate and stout mostly, as long- as or shorter than the fruiting rachis, erect. Leaves 5-10 cm. long, narrow and tapering, the upper sessile or short-petioled, the middle ones the largest, with 8-10 pairs of leaflets 1-1.5 cm. long which are contiguous, softly silky with hairs often tangled. In- tei-nodes congested below and stems very leafy. Stipules green, large, deltoid. Stems decumbent, slender, about a foot long, rather simple but with many woody branches at base. Fisher's Cabin and Hite Cove in the Sierras. Middle Temperate life zone. This grows ,in rocky places and blooms in May and June. Collected by Congdon, 225. Astragalus Andersoni Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 524 (1865). Pods 1.5-2 cm. long 3-4 mm. high, about 2 mm. wide, narrowly-oblong to neaiiy linear, triangulai'-acute to blunt and apiculate, nearly straight to arched to one-thii'd circle, mostly a little reflexed, rounded at base, early falling off and leaving the empty calyx, with ventral suture raised and thickened and sharp along the middle, splitting the calyx, 1-cclled at tip, with cross section narrowly to broadly cordate, narrowly sulcate dorsally, softly and variably silky-woolly. Flowers normally white but often pink or tinged with pink, short and stubby, broad, in heads at first or spicate and ascending, later inclined to horizontal. Petals very thin, rather translucent. Banner oblong-ovate to oval, 6-8 mm. long, arched abruptly at end of teeth to 45° or rarely erect, with sides reflexed about 2 mm. wide below, about 4 mm. longer than wings ; groove U-shaped below, and V-shaped above ; white spot striped when present, wings oblong-obovate, very oblique, acutish, about 2 mm. wide, notched, concave to keel and touching beyond it, purplish below and white above or all white, 1-2 mm. longer than keel, inclined to be oblanceolate and wavy toward tip, variously arched. Keel about 4-5 mm. long and 3 mm. high, half- cuneate obovate and with tip obliquely truncate, purple above. . Hamosi. 261 Calyx tube about 3 mm. high, reddish, the filiform-subulate teeth very lax and about as long as tube. Pedicels almost none to 2 mm. long, much shorter than the subulate to triangular bracts which are 3-4 mm. long, hairy and hyaline. Peduncles stout 5-10 cm.' long, the fruiting rachis about as long, spreading. Leaves rarely 5 cm. long, rather broad, all petioled but upper petioles short, spreading. Leaflets rather thick, 6-8 pairs, hardly 1 cm. long, folded. Stipules small, connate below, triangular. Stems flexuous, about 1-2 ft. high, from a woody base, rather Jiiiany. Sierra Valley to Owen's Valley California on the eastern base of the Sierras growing in the sagebrush, Lower Temperate life zone. Whole plant softly silky-woolly. Blooming in May. The Owen's Valley forms have larger and purple flowers and pods 5 mm. high and 2 cm. long. 226. Astragalus sylvaticus Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 23 262 (1888). a; umbraticus Sheldon. Pods not tapering at base, ob- tuse or abruptly acutish, smooth and shining, closely reflexed, char- taceous, arched to a half circle, about 1.5 cm. long, 2-3 mm. high and 1 mm. wide, narrowly and deeply sulcate dorsally, with cross section narrowly Y-shaped, tip triangular-acute, ventral suture a mere line and not raised. Flowers white, many, in a short spike, drooping, about 1 cm. long, with delicate petals and none col- ored except keel tip, not narrow. Banner about 5 mm. long, oblong- ovate, abruptly arched at calyx to nearly erect, fiddle shaped by the sides being reflexed most near the middle (and about 2 mm. wide) ; groove broadly V-shaped, about 1 mm. deep and 2 mm. wide and goes almost to tip of banner without shallowing, deeply notched, cream-white, faintly waterlined. Wings close-pressed to keel and convex to it to the middle then the right hand one flares, very obliquely oblong-lanceolate, 2 mm. wide, very obtuse and rounded and erose at tip, 1 mm. longer than keel and about as much shorter than .banner. Keel large, about 3 mm. long and high, arched from base to about a half circle. Calyx oblong-campanulate, about 3 mm. long, a little flattened laterally, yellowish and nigrescent, the lower side straight, the upper a little arched, rather oblique at base and attached a little below the middle, cleft deeper and oblique at mouth. Teeth filiform from rounded sinuses. Pedicels about 1 mm. long. Bracts hyaline, triangular-subulate, about 3 mm. long and lax. Peduncles slender, strict, about as long as leaves and 1 dm. long, in the upper axils, the rachis about 2-3 cm. long and closely flow- ered. Leaves slender, not over 1 dm. long, spreading, the upper sessile, with tapering and filiform rachis, only the uppermost leaf- lets reduced. Leaflets about 10 pairs, oblong-elliptical, notched, rounded and very short-petiolulate at base, green, flat, thin, con- tiguous, smooth or nearly so. Stipules about 1 cm. long, subu- late, hyaline above. Stems about 2 ft. long, slender, flexuous ascending to erect, with internodes 2-7 cm. long, from slender and erect tap root, several at the small crown. The root leaves much reduced. In shaded woods in open places in rich soil. Glendale, Oregon, Middle Temperate life zone. 227. Astragalus albens Greene Bull. Cal. Acad. 3 156 (1885). Pods broadly linear, acuminate at both ends, arched mostly to a circle, a trifle wider above, when young much laterally flattened and little arched, when mature coriaceous, strongly corrugated, 2-3 cm. long, 3 mm. wide and high, flat for about 1 mm. high along the ventral suture and forming a thick wing but the suture itself not raised, then much bulged outward in neai'ly a half circle and re- entering as a broad sulcus on the dorsal suture so that the cross section of pod is deeply cordate and winged at the tip, each cell being oval, 2-celled throughout or the partition reaching only half way to the ventral suture, the base of pod is 3-cornered like a file, the tip is very sharp and flat because the sulcus stops about 5-8 mm. from the end, ashy. Flowers few and racemose, purple, about 8 Hamofli. 292 mm. long, wide, spreading. Banner about 4 mm. long, oval, arched' abruptly at calyx tips to 45°, with sides reflexed about 1 mm. wide, about 2 mm. longer than keel. Wings obliquely lanceolate and arched a little, about 1 mm. wide, much narrower than keel and about as long. Keel large, nearly 4 mm. long and high, a little con- vex along the base and much rounded and very obtuse, the whole forming almost a half circle, much separated from banner. Calyx tube about 3 mm. long, acutish and narrowed at base, about equally inserted, oblique and deeper cleft above, with rather sharp sinuses and triangular teeth fully half as long as tube, very closely ap- pressed hoaiy. Pedicels stout, about 1 mm. long and as long as the triangular bracts. Peduncles axillary, slender, 5-7 cm. long, shorter than the leaves, ascending as are the leaves, the floral rachis much shorter. Leaves about 1 dm. long or less, the petiole about half the whole, the rachis tapering but little. Leaflets 3-5 pairs, about oval-obovate, rounded, thick, flat, shortly cuneate below, about 1 cm. long, distant, silvery-hoary with flat, broad, rough, tapering and closely appressed hairs. Stipules deltoid, very small and green, 2-3 mm. long. Stems very many from the crown of the slender and erect root, rather stout for the plant, flexuous, the many internodes rarely 3 cm. long, prostrate, a few inches to 2 ft. long. Winter an- nuals. W^hole plant hoary. In rocky gulches along creek beds, In- dian Spring Charleston Mts. to the Mojave desert. Tropical. 228. Astragalus Howellii Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 15 46 (1879). Pods including stipe fully 3 cm. long, abruptly contracted at both ends and then tapering into a long tip and base, triangular-cordate in cross section to broadly deltoid, mostly as wide as high, shallow- sulcate dorsally, completely 2-celled, chartaceous, with a flat and ensiform tip a little declined, the ventral suture concave in the middle and convex a little above, raised and thickened and with a thin and slightly raised edge along tLe middle, the body finely reticulated, minutely woolly at first, half-narrowly-eliiptical, becom- ing smootl-M the beak 3-6 mm. long and straight, the stout stipe as long as to 3 times as long as calyx tube. Flowers dirty white, be- coming yellowish, about 1 cm. long, sisveral. Banner about 7 mm. long, oblong-oval, arched abruptly to 45"-60" from calyx tips, with sides reflexed, about 2 mm. longer than wings. Wings 2 mm. longer than keel, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, arched to 45", about 2 mm. wide. Keel very wide and blunt, about 4 mm. long and 3 mm. high, the tip only a little higher than the rest and rather truncate, erect and rounded sharply from near the base, not pui-ple, with a minute 'out-turned boss at the end. Calyx tube about 4 mm. long and 3 mm. high, a little narrowed at base and acutish, and attached to the slender pedicel near the corner, oblique at tip, cleft deeper above and with broad sinuses, the teeth triangular and a little shor- ter than the tube, nigrescent. Pedicels in truit 2-3 mm. long, re- curved, mostly longer than the minute bracts. Peduncles in the type longer than the leaves, strict and stout, about 1 dm. long, the fruit- ing rachis hardly half as long. Leaves 5-7 cm. long, the upper ses- sile, with 8-9 pairs of linear-elliptical leaflets nearly contiguous and obtuse and long-petiolulate and cuneate, at base. Stipules rather thick, about 7 mm. long. Stems ascending, weak, soft, slen- der, very many, branched below, from a woody root, about a foot high, with many internodes somewhat shorter than the leaves, very leafy. A very variable plant. In the lower Columbia Basin east of the Cascades. Lower Temperate life zone. Blooming in May. Astragalus Howellii var. misellus (Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 21 449 (1886) as species). This differs from the type in the flowers being 5-8 mm. long, the peduncles 3-7 cm. long and shorter than the leaves and about half as long as the fruiting rachis, leaflets about 5 pairs, internodes much shorter than the leaves and with a congested habit somewhat csespitose. It is seemingly very distinct but the pods vary from acuminate at both ends and long-stipitate to almost sessile and abruptly triangular at both ends, it is then A. drepanolo- 263 Hamoti. bus var. aberrans Jones. The leaflets vary from 2 to 10 mm. long. Pasco Wash., Mitchell Oregon, and on the John Day and Bruno rivers Oregon. Howell, Cusick, Elmer. Lower and Middle Temper- ate life zones, mostly in more humid places than the type, and less pubescent. 229. Astragalus Mulfordoe Jones Cont. 8 18 (1898). Onix Rydberg. Pods very thin and 1-1.5 cm. long, 3-4 mm. wide and high, very slightly concave along the ventral suture in the middle only, convex at both ends, often much so, from triangular-acute to bluntly apiculate at both ends, the tip being in line with the dorsal suture, the body half-elliptical to broadly half-oval, 2-5 mm. high in extreme cases, abruptly slender-stipitate and stipe about equaling the calyx tips to 3 times as long, minutely pubescent and finely reticu- lated, shallow sulcate dorsally, opening along both sutures to base, cross-section about deltoid, with concave sides. Flowers about as in A. campestris, short and ai'ched, about 7 mm. long, dii"ty white and purple-tinged, many, in long racemes, ascending to reflexed. Banner waterlined, abruptly arched to erect or more just beyond teeth, deeply and broadly grooved to tip, the groove 1 mm. deep and 2 mm. wide, occupying all of the upper half of the banner, with sides reflexed about V2 mm. wide below and not at all at tip, the ban- ner appears nearly square as you look at it. Wings obliquely ellip- tical, nearly 2 mm. wide in the middle, 2 mm. shorter than banner, the right hand one folded over the end of keel, the other flaring and then both tips touch, both concave to keel and obscurely notched below tip, fully 2 mm. longer than keel and arched, white and waterlined. Keel very short and abruptly rounded to nearly a half circle, very blunt, slightly darker above. Calyx tube rather obliquely inserted at the base, not oblique at tip nor cleit deeper above; teeth triangular and about half as long as tube. Pedicels slender, re- flexed, about 2 mm. long in fruit and longer than the triangular bracts. Peduncles filifoi-m, from 1-7 cm. long, much shorter than the rachis. Flowers loosely racemose and reflexed. Leaves 3-10 cm. long, rigid, with filiform and tapering rachis, not divaricate, narrow, nearly sessile, with 6-12 pairs of linear leaflets gradually reduced to almost nothing at tip of rachis, and distant. Stipules hyaline, with green tips from a cieltoid and filiform base, 3-5 mm. long, recurved. Stems round and green, c^espitose, often a foot long, with slender internodes rarely 5 cm. long, from slender and woody underground branches of the slender and erect and very long root. Growing in deep sand on steep south slopes, Weiser Idaho. Lower edge of the Middle Temperate life zone. 230. Astragalus Inyoensis Sheldon in Coville Death Valley Rep. 86 (1893). Pods either hall-oval or arcuate-oblong, the body about 1.5 cm. long and 4 mm. wide and high, arcuate, abruptly con- tracted into a linear beak 2-4 mm. long, slightly sulcate dorsally, feften decidedly obcompressed when much arched, on a stout stipe about as long as calyx, nearly smooth, inclined to be coloi-ed. Flow- ers purple, nearly 1 cm. long, wide, straight. Banner abruptly arched at calyx tips to 30°, with sides reflexed 1 mm. wide, 1-2 mm. longer than keel. Wings obovate, 1-2 mm. wide, about as long as keel. Keel large and broad, about 4 mm. long and 3 mm. high, half-cuneate-obovaLC, the tip almost square and erect, light-colored toward the base. Calyx tube not oblique, the triangular teeth one- third to one-half as long as tube. Pedicels very short in flower and shorter than the triangular bracts. Peduncles filiform, not ta- pering, about twice as long as the leaves, a little longer than the fruiting rachis, widely spreading. Leaves divaricate, rarely 3 cm. long, wide, the upper nearly sesile, the lower about half the petiole. Leaflets 6-8 pairs, elliptical, about 5 mm. long, rounded, nearly con- tiguous, ashy with closely appressed and short hairs. Stipules rigid, triangular, green, reflexed, 3-4 mm. long. Internodes 1-3 times as long as leaves. Stems very sparsely leafy and elongated, prostrate or widely spreading, with the habit of A. Nuttallianus, several from Hamoti. ] 264 the crown of a slender -root, apparently Avinter annuals. Darwin Mesa near Keeler California. Lower Temperate life zone. 231. Astragalus Nevinii Watson Proc. Am. Acad: 21 412 (1886). Pods narrowly oblong and a little arcuate, the body about 1.5 cm. long and 4 mm. high and 2 mm. wide, smooth and closely reticulated, chartaceous, barely to triangular-acute at both ends, sharply sulcate to the middle, wholly 2-celled. Stipe about twice as long as calyx. Flowei's rather wide, about 1 cm. long, light-colored, rather capitate. Banner oblong, arched abruptly to 45^ at calyx tips, C-8 mm. long. Wings narrowly oblong, 2 mm. longer than keel, about 3 mm. shorter than banner, arched somewhat. Keel straight, with tip erect, triangular and 2 mm. high. Calyx broadly campanulate, about 3 mm. long, with the triangular teeth about half as long as tube, soon reflexed. Bracts very small and as long as the very stout pedicels. Peduncles about as long as the leaves,- in fruit loosely spicate on the upper half or third. Leaves all petioled, about 1 dm. long, recur\^ed. Leaflets 5-7 pairs. Plants a foot or two long. San Clemente Island, Nevin and Lyon. 232. Astragal-js Traskias Eastwood Proc. Cal. Acad. 3 102 fig. (1897). A. Nevinii var. Traskiae^ Jones. Pods almost exactly those of A. Howellii but more arcuate, arcuately half-elliptical-ob- long, or, obliquely narrowly oblong and rather abruptly narrowed to a triangular flat beak 3 mm. long which is in line with the ventral suture, the body fully 1.5 cm. long, 3 mm. high and 5 mm. wide, very shortly-triangular at base, broadly and rather shallow-sulcate dorsally, coriaceous, finely corrugated, short-woolly, completely 2- celled, apparently ascending, in close clusters, stipe as long as calyx and teeth. Flowers white, becoming yellowish, about 12 mm. long, ascending in a close head. Banner oval,, about 8 mm. long, arched abruptly to 45° at end of teeth, with sides reflexed 1 mm. wide be- low, 2-3 mm. longer than wings. Wings broadly linear, about 1 mm. wide and 1 mm. longer than keel, arched a little. Keel obliquely oblong, about 4 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, the tip nearly erect and rounded and a little darker. Calyx tube narrowly campanulate, about 4-6 mm. long and 2.5 mm. high, rounded at base and equally inserted on a very thick pedicel, cleft a little deeper above, not oblique, the triangular teeth one-fourth to one-third as long as tube, nigrescent. Pedicels and bracts minute. Peduncles nearly 1 dm. long, floral rachis 2-3 cm. long. Leaves rarely 1 dm. long, narrow, tapering, (Nevinii not noticeably so), with 8-10 pairs of leaflets 3-7 mm. long. Stems thick, forming broad mats 1-3 ft. long, with innu- merable old leaf petioles forming a dense mass below. On cliffs in high and dry places, San Nicholas Island. Blanche Trask. This can probably be kept apart from A. Nevinii on the pod character and larger flowers, but the plants are suspiciously alike. This group is the representative of A. Howellii in the south. 233. Astragalus Arthuri Jones Cont. 8 20 (1898). Atelo- phragma Rydberg. Pods gladiatc, about like those of Brassica alba but narrower, at tip the dorsal suture is nearly straight and the ventral narrowed to it, at base the opposite is true, sulcate dorsally with a narrow groove, chartaceous, nearly smooth, mature pods laterally flattened with concave sides, fully 2-celled, cross section triangular-cordate, ventral suture the more arched, thick at base and prominent externally. Flowers reflexed, white, like those of A. stenophyllus, about 1.2 cm. long. Banner about 1 cm. long, ovate, arched at calyx tips to nearly a half circle in gentle curve, the nar- row tip much reflexed, about 4 mm. longer than wings. Wings nar- rowly oblong, about 2 mm. wide, arched to 30°, about 3 mm. longer than keel. Keel arched nearly from base to tip in a half circle, 4-5 mm. long and high, the tip triangular, acute a little more than erect, not dark. Calyx tube nigrescent, thin, thickened at lower corner where it is inserted on pedicel, short-cylindric, hya- line, 4 mm. long, a little oblique below but not at mouth, teeth subu- 265 Hamosi. '^■ late, 2 mm. long. Pedicels 2 mm. long, rather stout, spreading in flower and reflexed in fruit, nigrescent. Bracts subulate, 2-3 mm. long. Peduncles coarsely sulcate, about as thick as the stems, erect, 1 ft. long, few-flowered on the upper one-third. Leaves 1 cm. long, appressed, mostly clustered at tip of stems by shortening of upper internodes; petioles slender, 1-2.5 cm. long. Leaflets 10-14 pairs, el- liptical-oblong, obtuse to retuse, 1 cm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, long- petiolulate, opposite, gradually reduced above the middle of the rachis, flat, somewhat distant. Stipules triangular, adnate, not con- nate, about 2 mm. long. Stems many, rather slender, ascending from crown of root, coarsely sulcate, abruptly bent at each node from which a peduncle arises, proper stems of few nodes which are close together, then with 2-3 which are 3-7 cm. apart; root stout and erect; plants about a foot and a half high. Lake Waha Nez Perce Co. Idaho by A. A. Heller for whom it was named. Middle Tem-i perate life zone. Blooms in June. 266 LEPTOCARPI. 28. Weak annuals. Flowers rarely 1 cm. long, mostly very small, in heads (rarely in few-flowered racemes). Pods papery, not inflated, linear (narrowly oblong in A. Wrightii) and falcate below (straight in A. Wrightii and nearly so in A. leptocarpus), sulcate dorsally, sharply acute (obtuse in A. Francisquitensis) , sessile (stipitate in A. Lindheimeri), mostly horizontal (nearly erect in A. Wrightii), never closely reflexed, 2-celled (partition rarely incomplete). Stipules not connate. KEY. A. Flowers few and racemose at least in fruit, with blunt or barely- acute keel not at all produced, purple-tipped; peduncles filiform. Pods smooth. Plants of the Tropical life zone (A. Nuttallianus extends also into the Lower Temperate life zone), nearly smooth throughout when mature. AB. Pods about 1 cm. long, nearly smooth. Very slender plants. 234 Francisquitensis. A2B. Pods at least 2.5 cm. long, arched most below when curved, mostly more than 2 mm. high, narrowed at both ends, and ap- parently stipitate in A. Lindheimeri. Flowers 1-1.5 cm. long. Banner deeply notched, white spot large and purple- veined, wings white. Peduncles axillary and long. Leaflets 7-8 pairs, broadly elliptical to obovate, notched, thin. Bracts subulate. Stems not conspicuously sulcate, growing in dense vegetation and seemingly erect but weak and sprawling when not supported. Plants of the southeastern part of the great plains, nearly smooth when mature. Pods 5nini. high. 235 Lindheimeri. Pods 2 mm. liigh. 236 leptocar]ius. 2A. Flowers in heads, purple or purple-tipped. Keel not acuminate nor sharp. Pods equally arched or nearly straight, 1.5-4 cm. long, linear or nearly so. Peduncles filiform, not over 5 cm. long, axillary. Plants slender but mostly erect. 2AB. Plants of the Californian plains. Pods not shaggy, on reflexed pedicels but with tips often erect, stipitate or ta- pering at base, nearly smooth at maturity, taper-pointed, not fully 2-celled, dorsally sulcate, nearly circular to reniform in cross-section, inclined to be obcompressed. Flowers 7-12 mm. long. Calyx tube about 2 mm. long, campanulate, ni- grescent, reflexed to horizontal in fruit, with teeth triangular to subulate and rather shorter than the tube. Bracts and pedicels short. Heads of flowers not elongating in fruit. Pet- ioles all evident except on the uppermost leaves. Stems }z to 2 feet high, rather widely branched below. Pods 1-2 cm. kfng. 237 tener. Pods 3-4 cm. lont. 238 Ratlani. 2A2B. Plants of the Texan plains. Pods shaggy, straight, erect, or only spreading about 1 cm. long, broadly linear to nar- rowly-oblong. Calyx tube very short and lobes very long and green. Whole plant appressed-shaggy. Pods in heads. " 239 Wrightii. 267 Lcptvcarpi. 3A. Flowers few and inclined to be racemose, with sharp keel (keel sometimes obtuse in A. Nuttallianus) and wings inclined to be lobed. Pods linear. 3AB. Pods arched most near base, the tip mostly erect. Flowers single to few^ at or near the tip of the peduncle and inclined to be clustered, spreading. Pods single or few. 240 Nuttallianus. 3A2B. Pods equally but not greatly arched, broadly linear, 1.5-2 cm. long, mostly inverted on a twisted pedicel, taper-pointed, laterally flattened, somewhat narrowed below, racemose and rather distant, ventral suture a fine rib, cross section narrowly triangular-cordate. Peduncles conspicuously longer than the short leaves. Leaflets broad and notched. Keel abruptly narrowed to a subulate beak at the upper corner. Wings lobed or broader above. Plants about as well placed in Oxytropis as in Astragalus. Internodes few and long. 241 acutirostris. Internodes not few, short. 242 nothoxys. 234. Astragalus Francisquitensis Jones Cont. 7 666 (1895). Pods linear-oblong, nearly straight, about 12 mm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, obtuse, laterally flattened, chartaceous, with only a dorsal groove. Flowers 10-15 or less, in short raceme-like head or cluster, ascending, about 1 cm. long, narrow. Banner 5 mm. long, oblong, narrow, ascending 45° beyond calyx tips, with sides reflexed about 1 mm. wide. Wings linear, straight, 1 mm. wide, as long as banner and 3 mm. longer than keel. Keel short, very obtuse and rounded. Calyx tube hyaline, nigrescent, narrowly campanulate, about 3 mm. long, rather obliquely attached, hardly 2 mm. high, the subulate teeth half as long as lube. Bracts triangular, 2 mm. long, hyalme. Pedicels slender, 1 mm. long, as long as bracts in fruit. Peduncles nearly 1.5 dm. long, strict. Leaves about 1 dm. long, with petioles 1.5-2 cm. long, but very short on the upper leaves. Leaflets 8-12 pairs, oblong-obovate to elliptical, finely petiolulate, 1-1.2 cm. long,, about 7 mm. wide. Stipules 4 mm. long, reflexed, green. Stems many, filiiorm, delicate and long, rather flexuous, nearly prostrate, with internodes 4-7 cm. long. San Francisquito Lower California Brandegee. Astragalus Francisquitensis var. Lagunensis Jones Cont. 8 11 (1898) and Cont. 10 61 (1902). ' Like the type but pods deeply sul- cate, with cross section triangular-cordate and tip pungently acute with point 1 mm. long. Flowers the same. Leaves 2-5 cm. long. Leaflets 7-8 pairs, naiTowly elliptical, 4 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, rounded at both ends and shortly petiolulate. Internodes about 2.5 cm. long. Sieri'a de Laguna, Lower California, blooming in January. 235. Astragalus Lindheimeri Gray PL Wright 1 52 (1852). A recticarpus Wood. Hamosa Rydberg. Tragacantha Kuntze. Pods much like those of A. succumbens, 2.5-4 cm. long, about 5 mm. high, 1 mm. wide, contracted at base into a pseudo-stipe or nearly sessile, the triangular tip about in the middle of the end and ventral suture convex below it and then concave to the base, 2-celled at least to the middle, narrowly sulcate dorsally, ventral suture raised and forming a strong rib, with cross section Y-shaped, nearly erect at tip but pedicel horizontal or reflexed. Flowers 4-12, congested, about 12 mm. long. Banner nearly round, about 1 cm. long, pur- ple-edged for 2 mm. in width, arched in gentle curve to 10-20° be- yond calyx. Wings oblong, a little arched, rounded and blunt, 2-3 mm. wide, 2 mm. longer than keel and about 1-2 mm. shorter than banner. Keel purple-tipped, about 8 mm. long, then abruptly erect and tip deltoid and 4 mm. high. Calyx tube nearly hemispheri- cal, about 2 mm. long, rounded at base and about equally inserted, a little oblique at tip, with thread-like teeth very lax and about twic^- Leptocarpi 268 as lono: as tube. Bracts rather longer than the pedicels which are about 2 mm. long in fruit. Peduncles 2-3 cm. long and spreading. Leaves 4-7 cm. long, nearly sessile, spreading. Leaflets G-8 pairs, nariowly-oblong-cuneatc, contiguous, rarely 1 cm. long, ashy with minute pubescence. Stipules scarious, the upper green, broad at base, subulate. Stems many, relatively rather stout, diffuse, much branched. Plains of western Texas to Monterey, Mexico. 236. Astragalus Icptocarpus T. & G. Fl. 1 354 (1838). Hamosa P.ydberg. Hamosa macilenta Small. Pods rather obcompressed 2- celled except at tip, indifferently spreading but mostly ascending, about 2 mm. high and 2-3 mm. wide, 2-3 cm. long, nearly straight, shallow-sulcate dorsally, smooth, narrowly linear, triangular-acute and point in line with ventral suture. Flowex's 3-7, closely clus- tered in flower, a little racemose in fruit, about 1 cm. long, purplish. Banner broadly obovate, with narrow furrow down the back, about 6 mm. long, arched abruptly at calyx tips to nearly erect. Wings obovate to oblanceolate. arched, about 2 mm. shorter than banner and 1 mm. longer than keel. Keel about 4 mm. long and high, the base straight and then abruptly erect and tip acutish and out-turned a little. Calyx tube campanulate, equally inserted, rather oblique at tip, about 2 mm. long, sometimes somewhat nigrescent, teeth tri- angular, mostly a little shorter than tube, not longer. Bracts 2 mm. long, about as long as fruiting pedicels. Peduncles 3-10 cm. long. Leaves 3-7 cm. long, short-petioled. Leaflets hardly contiguous, 4-10 mm. long, 2-4 mm. wide, cuneate-obovate to nar- rowly oblong, 5-10 pairs. Stipules about 4 mm. long, thin, subulate. iStems'deliciiie and widely branched below, flexuous, with internodes 2-5 cm. long. This appears to hybridize with A. Nuttallianus. Nearly througliout Texas and southward to Central Mexico. Tropical. 237. Astragalus tener Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 206 (1864). A. hypoglottis var. strigosus Kellogg. Pods nigrescent when young, neai-ly straight in the type, rigid, 1-2 cm. long, about 3 mm. wide and high, nearly smooth when ripe, short-pointed, broadly sulcate dorsally, inclined to be bisulcate above along the ventral suture, round to obcompressed in cross section. Flowers 4-9, purple- tipped, 5-7 mm., long. Banner oblong, 3-4 mm. long, abruptly arched at calyx tips to erect, with sides reflexed, about twice as long- as keel, and 1-2 mm. longer than wings. Wings broadly linear, rather arched, about 1 mm. wide. Keel narrow but arched from near the base to over a half circle, about 1 mm. wide, the deltoid tip about 1.5 mm. high. Calyx tube from turbinate to campanulate, acute at base, about 1 mm. long, the triangular teeth as long as tube to a half shorter. Bracts white, rather ovate, about 1 mm. long. Pedicels almost none. Peduncles spreading, 3-4 cm. long, shox-ter than leaves. Leaves 3-5 cm. long when mature, the lower ones about half petiole, numerous. Leaflets 4-7 pairs, linear to cuneate-linear, notched in the type. Stipules small, triangular, scarious. Stems neai'ly filiform, a foot or less high. Pubescence sparse and minute. In valleys from the Sacramento valley to San Diego, blooming in April or soon after rains. A very variable species. , Astragalus tener var. Brucae, n. var. Pods falcate, about 2 cm. long and 4 mm. high, rather papeiy, broadly linear, triangular pointed, conspicuously flattened latei-ally, shortly taper-pointed with flat tip, mottled, narrowly sulcate dorsally and not at all ventrally, erect. Flowers few. Calyx tube 2 mm. long, the teeth half the tube. Leaflets, 3-4 pairs, cuneate-obovate to almost deltoid, obcor- date, all the petioles half the leaf. Stems prostrate. Stipules very broad for the plant and conspicuous, 2-3 mm. long, sometimes al- most round. No. 2430 Mrs. Bruce, plains of Butte Co., blooming in March. Astragalus tener var. Rattanoides n. vai'. Flowers and pods rather many in dense heads, reflexed, the pods about 1.5 cm. long, triquetrous, acuminate, arched to one-third circle, rigid, not mottled, 269 Leptocarpi. about 2 mm. high, a little laterally flattened, barely grooved below, obscurely bisulcate above. Leaflets narrowly linear and acute, about 7 pairs, about 1 cm. long. Stems many, erect or ascending. Upper leaves sessile. Quite a peculiar plant but evidently an off- shoot of A. tener. Mt. Eden California, Brandegee, April 27, 1890. 238. Astragalus RattanJ Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 19 75 (1883). A. pauperculus Greene. Pods very narrowly linear to almost filiform, 3-4 cm. long, rarely 2 mm. high, laterally flattened and triquetrous, long-acuminate to a fine and straight point, narrowed below and empty and seemingly thick-stipitare, .straight or equally arched to a half circle, or some pods bent near the base, shallow sulcate dor- sally, not at all ventrally but suture raised and rib-like, with cross section narrowly triangular-cordate to almost round, the tip gen- erally erect but flowers inclined to be reflexed. Flowers about 1 cm. long but variable. Banner oval, about 8 mm. long, deeply notched, arched abruptly at end of calyx to 45 ^ with sides re- flexed 1 mm. wide in the ,middle. Wings half-rhomboidal, about the shape of the keel but tapering toward the tip, about 1-2 mm. longer than keel and 3-4 man. shorter than banner, nearly white. Keel with straight base, about 5 mm. long, then abruptly erect, about 2 mm. high, the tip deltoid and 3 mm. high. Calyx rounded at base and equally inserted, oblique and cleft deeper above v.'ith rounded sinuses, the teeth triangular and about one-third the tube. The flowers vary a half in size, are often white or only purple-tipped and with conspicuous parallel-veined white spot, making the heads seem as if white banded, the wings vary greatly, often being ob- liquely oblong. Bracts hyaline, about 1 mm. long, equaling the pedi- cels. Peduncles 2-5 cm. long, spreading, longer than the leaves, with dense heads. Leaves lax and thin, 2-3 cm. long, short-petioled, spreading, with 4-5 pairs of linear-cuneate and notched leaflets nearly smooth. Stipules small and triangular. Stems almost fili- form, straggling over weeds or flat on the ground. From Mendo- cino Co. southward through the Sacramento valley. . Tropical. It is very doubtful whether this is distinct from A. tener. 239. Astragalus VVrightii Gray PI. Lindh. 2 176 (1850). Pods 3-4 mm. high, laterally flattened, slightly sulcate dorsally, with par- tition intruded to the middle, very blunt and rounded at base and with triangular acute tip about in line with the dorsal suture which is straight, the ventral suture convex and pod seemingly up-side- down, cross section triquetrous-cordate. Flowers 4-5 mm. long, erect in dense heads, much as in A. lotiflorus. Banner oval, little arched, 3-4 mm. long, hardly surpassing the calyx lobes. Wings oblong, about as long as keel and a little shorter than banner. Keel with straight base and erect short tip. Calyx tube rather turbinate, hardly 1 mm. long, cleft nearly to the base with sharp sinuses, the lobes linear and acute, 3-4 mm. long and erect, about half as long as pods. Bracts like the calyx lobes and as long. Pedicels about 1 mm. long. Peduncles 3-5 cm. long, strict, in the upper axils, longer than the leaves, becoming stout. Leaves 2-4 cm. long, the upper sessile, the lower half petiole, ascending. Leaflets 3-5 pairs, rarely 1 cm. long, narrowly to broadly elliptical, acute at both ends at least on upper leaves. Stipules conspicuous, triangular, green, 3-5 mm. long, erect. Stems erect, inclined to be flexuous and sim- ple, though often branched, a foot or less high, with slender inter- nodes shorter than the leaves. The plant has the habit and appear- ance of a Dalea. It grows in rather open, dry or stony places in central Texas. Tropical. It has somewhat the appearance of A. sesamus. 240. Astragalus NuttzIHanus DC. Prod. 2 289 (1825). A. micranthus Nutt, Hamosa Rydberg. A. Nuttallianus var. canescens T. & G. Hamosa austrina Small. Pods 2-3 cm. long, not over 3 mm. high or wide, slightly sulcate dorsally, pubescent except when fully ripe at times, mostly much laterally flattened, barely narrowed be- Leptocarpi 270 low, triangular-apiculate. Flowers palo or purple-tipped, arched. Banner rather obcordate, a little longer than keel and equaled by the wings or oval and 2 mm. longer than wings. Wings obovate, about as long as keel or a little more, entire. Keel with straight base, then rounded to erect or a little more, the tip either triangular- acuminate or deltoid or rarely obtuse, erect, 2-4 mm. high. Calyx tube acute at base, not gibbous, 1-2 mm. long, the teeth subulate unequal, and as long. Bracts ovate, minute; pedicels very short. Peduncles very short to 3 times as long as leaves, filiform. Leaves sparse, all petioled, 2-5 cm. long. Leaflets in the type about .5 pairs and oval to elliptical, rounded, rarely acutish, mostly notched, con- tiguous, rather smooth above, usually about 7 mm. long, rarely 1 cm. or 2 m)n. long. Stipules lanceolate. Delicate and filiform stemmed plants from a few inches to 2 ft. long, freely bi-anched below, prostrate. Common from the Pacific coast to the Plains of Colorado throughout the Great Basin and southward to central Mexico, on sandy plains. Lower Temperate and Tropical life zone. Blooming throughout the season, sometimes a winter annual. A. subuniflorus, Greene, is probably the same. Astragalus Nuttaliianus var. trichocarpus T. & G. Fl. 1 334 (1838). A. trichocarpus (T. & G.) Young. This differs from the type in having the whole plant even to the pods villous with spread- ing hairs. Low annual mostly. Peduncles short. Leaflets .5-7 pairs, at least obtuse. Flowers about 4 mm. long. Keel much shorter than the banner, tip incurved and acute to obtuse, the annual forms have decidedly pointed keel. This is more common in Texas and New Mexico. Astragalus Nuttaliianus var. enneajugus Jones Cont. 8 22 (1898). Pods arched most below, 2 cm. long, 2.5 mm. high, much flattened laterally, smooth, ascending. Flowers several, about 7 mm. long, in a head in both flower and fruit. Calyx tube 1.5 mm. long, teeth filiform-subulate, nearly double the tube. Peduncles shorter than the leaves in fruit or longer in flower. Leaflets at least on the upper leaves 9-10 pairs, oblong, emarginate, not over 1.5 cm. long. Rooust plants, leafy, 1-1 Vo ft. high. Stipules conspicuous, 4 mm. long, adnate. Texan prairies. Astragalus Nuttaliianus var. quadrilateralis Jones Cont. 8 22 (1898). Pods congested at tips of peduncles, smooth, gently arcu- ate, 2 mm. high, 2.5 cm. long, quadrilateral, shallow-sulcate at both sutures, sides rather concave, tip ascending and sharply acute. Flow- ers 3-6. Peduncles longer than the leaves to twice as long in fruit, 5-10 cm. long. Leaflets 6-7 pairs, oblong, emarginate, not over 1 cm. long. Plants rather stout and with large leaves, erect, annual, 1 ft. high. Arkansas and Oklahoma. Astragalus Nuttalianus var. leptocarpoides JoneS Cont. 8 22 (1898). Pods few, widely spreading, equally arched, not over 1.5 mm. high, 2.5-3 cm. long, somewhat flattened laterally, smooth, ven- tral suture not depressed, cross section triangular, tip barely acute, apiculate. Flowers rather large, 7-10 mm. long. Calyx lobes barely as long as tube. Peduncles longer than the leaves, 5-8 cm. long and slender. Leaflets about 8 pairs, 5-10 mm. long, emar- ginate, oblong-elliptical. Widely spreading to prostrate and slen- der plants. Seeds many. Prairies, Galveston Island, Texas. Astragalus Nuttaliianus var. Cedrosensis (V. & R. Cont. Nat. Herb. 1 15 (1893) as species). A. pertenuis Greene. A starved form with about 3 pairs of deltoid-cuneate leaflets 2-4 mm. long and notched. Flowers 1-3. Caiyx hemispherical. Pods 10-12 mm. long, narrowly oblong, equally arched, acute, 2 mm. high, smooth. Cedros Island Lower California, Palmer, No. 692. 241. Astragalus acutirostris Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 20 360 (1885). A. streptopus Greene. Oxytropis Jones. Aragallus Heller. Pods almost completely 2-celled, acute at both ends and almost stipi- tate, becoming smooth with age, horizontal or a little reflexed. 271 Leptocarpi. Flowers 3-7, remote, whitish or purple-tipped, 4-6 mm. long. Ban- ner oval, arched abruptly at calyx tips to nearly erect, 3-4 mm. long, a little longer than wings. Wings lobed or enlarged at the end, obovate, about as long as keel. Keel with an acute and ascend- ing beak but variable. Calyx tube short-campanulate, 1-2 mm. long, the slender and lax teeth as long as tube. Bracts and pedicels mi- nute. Peduncles 4-10 cm. long, somewhat longer than the widely spreading leaves, in the upper axils. Upper petioles short, the lower 1-2 cm. long. Leaflets 5-7 pairs, broadly oblong-obovate, folded, 4-10 mm. long, very short-petiolulate, thickish and puberu- lent. Stipules deltoid and very small. Stems diffusely branched be- low, with the habit of A. Nuttallianus, a foot or two long. Internodes few and long. On the hot plains from Hawthorne Nevada to Mex- ico along the eastern face of the Sierras and southeastward to the Charleston Mts. Tropical. 242. Astragalus nothoxys Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 232 (1864). Oxytropis Jones. Aragallus Heller. Pods pungently acute, scarcely contracted below, 2-3 mm. high, nearly 2-celled, smooth or nearly so, sulcate to the middle dorsally, nearly erect. Flowers white and purple-tipped, 8-10 mm. long. Banner oblong, 5-7 mm. long, abruptly arched at calyx tips to 80°, with sides reflexed about 1 mm. wide below. Wings linear below and with enlai'ged, rounded and obovate tip, 2-4 mm. longer than keel. Keel with arcuate tip 2 mm. high, exserted not over 2 mm. beyond calyx tips, the body about 3 mm. long and 1 mm. high. Tipped with a threadlike beak. Calyx tube narrowly campanulate, 3-4 mm. long, with straight base and arched upper side, 1-2 mm. high, cleft deeper above, oblique and thickened at base. The subulate teeth unequal and about half the tabe. Pedicels 2-3 mm. long in fruit, slender, about twice the ovate bracts. Peduncles 5-15 cm. long, appearing as if subscapiform, ax- illary, rachis several flowered and rather short. Leaf petioles from 2.5 cm. long to none. Leaflets oval-obovate, mostly notched, thick, mostly flat and appearing as if glaucous, with the pubescence minute, about 6 pairs, 4-7 mm. long. Stipules subulate, green, 2-4 mm. long. Internodes short and plants very leafy, stems a foot or less long, very many and branched below, decumbent at base. Whole plant nearly smooth. Catalina Mts. Arizona. Tropical. Puerta de St. Diego Chihuahua Mexico, Lumholtz. Blooming in April. 272 MICRANTHI. 29. Flowers very small, mostly 3-8 mm. long (12-15 mm. long in the Pringlei group, in Madrensis and ervoides), in heads, or spikes, or rarely in short racemes, nearly always reflexed. Calyx about campanulate, 1-3 mm. long. Pedicels very short. Bracts small. Pods oblong to linear, little arched but always oblique, small, 4-12 mm. long, 2-celled (imperfectly so in Purpusi), trique- trous to reniform in cross section, not inflated or but little so, papery to chartaceous, sessile or minutely stipitate (stipitate in A. Purpusi), rounded to notched at base, sharply acute (merely apiculate in Seatoni), sulcate dor- sally, ventral suture raised and thickened. Woody rooted perennials (possibly annual in A. Pringlei) with slender stems, either short and csespitose or long and widely spreading, rarely erect. The Mexican species of this group are poorly known and arrangement and spe- cies are only tentative. KEY. A. Flowers few and in racemes. AB. Pods much laterally flattened, with ventral suture the more arched and tip conspicuously declined, nearly oval, 4-5 mm. long. Pods Wdolly, covered by the leaveS. 243 lenliformis. A2B. Pods very broad or obcompressed in cross section, oblong to linear, arcuate, about 1-1.5 cm. long. Flowers purple- tipped, broad. Calyx campanulate. Peduncles slender, 5-10 cm. long. Leaflets elliptical, rounded or barely acute. Stems slender from a woody root. Stipules small. Pedicels evident. Foliage ashy. 244 Madrensis. Foliage nearly smooth. - 245 ervoides. Pedicels almost none. j' I\)ds 1-2 cm. long. 246 Grfeggii. Pods 7-10 mm. long. 247 Luisianus. 2A. Flowers in heads. 2A'B. Flowers and pcds reflexed in dense heads at the ends of filiform peduncles. Calyx turbinate-campanulate, the tube about 1 mm. long. Flowers 4-5 mm. long, broad. Pods about 8 mm. long and 2 mm. high, laterally flattened, very obtuse. Internodes elongated and stems almost tilifonn. 24^ Pue!)lae, 2A2B. Flowers ascending, few, in loose heads. Calyx campanu- late. Pods apiculate or very short-pointed, not reflexed. Flow- ers narrow, 7-12 mm. long. Banner oblong-ovate. Wings about 1 mm. wide. Calyx tube about 3 mm. long. Pubescence ashy and minute. Pods oblong. 7-10 mm. long. 249 Pringlei. Pods linear, about i cm. long. 250 parvus. 273 Micranthi. Pods linear-oljlong, i cm. long, 3 mm. high, 4 mm. wide. 251 Schaffneii. 2A3B. Flowers broad, rather many in dense heads, rarely 10 mnn. long. Calyx campanulate, 1-3 mm. long. Peduncles axillary. Stems decumbent or prostrate. 2A3BC. Leaflets about 1 cm. long, appearing narrow. Flowers white, 4-7 mm. long (8-10 mm. long in A. Esperanzae). Peduncles shorter than the leaves, slender. Calyx equally inserted, not oblique, nearly hemispherical. Leaves spread- ing. Leaflets folded. Stems slender, with many leaves and short internodes. Peduncles shorter than the leaves. Podt. about 7 mm. long 252 Lemmoni, Peduncles not shorter than the leaves. Pods about i cm. long. Stipules -connate, large. 253 Esperanzae. St.pules free and small. 254 Chapalanus. 2A3B2C. Leaflets broad, about 5 mm. long. Flowers purple- tipped, about 5 mm. long. Peduncles filiform, much longer than the leaves. Stems prostrate and short. Peduncles much longer than the leaves Pods linear-oblong, I cm. long, 255 hypoxylus. 2A3B3C. Leaflets 3-5 mm. long. Flowers purple 4-5 mm. long. Peduncles filiform, about as long as leaves. Calyx turbinate-campanulate, 1 mm. long, the teeth shorter than the tube. Stems slender, 2-4 dm. long. A. Purpusi might be soug-ht here, but has a stipitate pod. 3A. Flowers very many, in spikes which are mostly dense but some- times linear, elongated and loose. The plants of this group are mostly Mexican and the specific limitations are merely tenta- tive till the species are better known. SAB. Pods sessile (minutely stipitate in A. Hartwegi, Saltonis and Seatoni) rigid, reflexed, 1-1.5 cm. long, linear, triangular- acute, a little arched. 3ABC. Pubescence fine and attached by the base. 3ABCD. Flow^ers about 8 mm. long. Pods loosely pubescent and rather nigrescent. Pods reniform in cross-section and loosely pubescent. 256 Hartwegi Pods triquetrous-cordate and smooth. 257 militaris Pods deltoid in cross-section and nigrescent. 258 Saltonis 3ABC2D. Flowers about 4 mnre. long, very densely clustered. Pods closely reflexed, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, sharply arcuate belov.^ about 1 cm. long, 1-1.5 mm. high and 1.5-2 mmi. wide. Leaflets nearly linear. Pods pul.iescent. Flowers short and stubby. 259 vaccarum. 3AB2C. Pubescence very fine and attached by the middle. Plants silvery-silky. Stipules large, hyaline and connate. Stems procumbent. Pods linear and closely reflexed. 260 hypoleucus- 3A2B. Pods not linear, ovate to oval, but little longer than calyx, not over 7 mm. long, closely reflexed in narrow spikes. Flowers small or minute. 3A2BC. Pods in short spikes. Peduncles filiform. Stipules triangular, not connate. Pods 7 mm long, smooth. 261 oxyrhynchus. Pods 4 mm. long, nigrescent. 262 Seatoni, 3A2B2C. Pods in long and linear spikes. Flowers white, wide. Calyx about 2 mm. long. Leaflets 8-10 pairs. Stipules not connate. Pods ashy. 263 Goldmani. Pod smooth. 264 Clevelandi. Micranthi. 274 4A. Pods in heads and on slender stipes nearly as long as calyx. Flowers minute. Pods reflexed and pubejcent. 265 Purnusi, 243. Astragalus lentiformis Gray Bot. Cal. 1 156 (1876). Pods broadly oblont;', 3 times the calyx, cha^taceous, not wrinkled, very slightly sulcate dorsally, normally reflexed though sometimes ascending, completely 2-celled, woolly-pubescent, both sutures prom- inent externally. Cross-section narrowly to broadly ovate-cordate, partition very broad. Flowers white like those of A. Lemmoni, about 5 mm. long. Banner broadly elliptical, 3-4 mm. long, arched abruptly to 60° at the end of calyx tube, 2 mm. longer then the wings, sides reflexed. Wings lanceolate, arched and concealing keel, obtuse. Keel rounded from the base to the tip into almost half a circle, barely exceeding the calyx teeth, with short blunt and erect tip. Calyx tube woolly, Hedeoma-like, hemispherical, arched,, cleft deeper above, 2 mm. long, teeth rather shorter than the tube and the lower the longer. Pedicels almost none in flower, 1 mm. long in fruit. Bracts hyaline, ovate-acuminate, 2 mm. long. Peduncles 7-15 mm. long, about half as long as the leaves, stout,, seldom as long as the rather dense racemes. Leaves 2-4 cm. long. Petioles short. Leaflets 5-7 pairs, obovate to oblong-spatulate, re- tuse to emarginate, smoother above, 4-10 mm. long. Stipules not connate except below and larger there, adnate, 2-3 mm. long and rather large, ovate or the upper triangular. Stems prostrate, slen- der, barely grooved, much branched, a few inches long, flowering, abundantly from all the nodes, internodes not over 2.5 cm. long. Pubescence fine, loosely villous, appressed, more or less hoary, with slender long and echinate hairs fixed by the base. Root erect, much branched. Middle Temperate life zone, growing in the sage- brush. Sierra Valley California to Crook Co. Oregon. 244. Astragalus Madrensis n. sp. Pods broadly to narrowly linear, 1-1.5 cm. long, about 2 mm. high and 1 mm. wide, some- what laterally flattened except at base, abruptly apiculate to shortly- acuminate, narrowly-sulcate dorsally, strongly reflexed. Flowers few, about 1 cm. long, reflexed. Banner oval and striped with pur- ple, abruptly erect at calyx tips and with sides reflexed below, about 5 mm. long. Wings obovate and veined, about as long as ban- ner and 4 mm. longer than keel, nearly straight. Keel about 3 mm. long and high, deltoid and obtuse. Calyx about 3 mm. long and 2 mm. high, with straight base and convex upper side, nearly truncate below and attached by the lower fleshy corner, not narrowed below, the triangular teeth a little shorter than the tube, ashy with flne and short hairs. Pedicels 2-3 mm. long and equaled by the triangular bracts. Peduncles about 5 cm. long, shorter than the leaves, axillary. Leaves about 1 dm. long, all short-petioled, many. Leaflets about 10 pairs, 5-10 mm. long, thickish, appearing as if glaucous but minutely ashy, not contiguous. Stems a foot or two long, decumbent, with very short internodes, rather stout, v/oody below and branched, with the habit of A. bisulcatus. Stipules subu- late from a deltoid base, small. Rather common in the Sierra Madres of Chihuahua Mexico, San Diego Canon, Colonia Juai'ez, and Sabinal, Jones. Lower Temperate life zone, and probably Tropical also, growing in open places along creeks. Bloommg in spring and fall. 245. Astragalus ervoides. H. & A. Bot. Beech 417 (1841). A. apertus Sheldon, A. Tepicus Sheldon. Pods linear, smooth, acute. Flowers 10-12, about 12 mm. long, with petals about twice the calyx, white. Calyx broadly campanulate, about 3 mm. long, with short and black-hairy teeth and pedicels. Peduncles axillary, longer than the leaves. Leaflets 7-8 pairs, about 12 mm. long, linear-oblong and obtuse. Stipules lanceolate and small. Stems slender, widely spreading, about a foot long. Pubescence almost none. It is prob- able that this obscure plant from Tepic Mexico belongs here. But it is very poorly described. 275 Micranthi. 246. Astragalus Greggii Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 17 341 (1882). Pods sessile, 1-2 cm. long, 2-3 mm. high, 1 mm. wide, broadly linear, reticulated, narrowly and shallow sulcate dorsally equally arcuate or arched most belo->v, triangular-acute, smooth, laterally flattened, completely 2-celled, erect, inclined to be naj- rowed below and resembling A. leptoc£.rpus. Flowers 6-9 mm. lorsg^ 2-4 in a head or short raceme, light-purple, much arched as in A, junceus. Banner round, 5 mm. long, abruptly erect. Wings ob- liquely obovate, 2 mm. shorter than banner. Keel arched in a hall circle and 1-2 mm. shorter than the wings. Calyx woolly, oblique„ with teeth subulate, unequal, curved and as long as tube. Bi-acts small, ovate. Pedicels almost none. Peduncles subterminal, slen- der, 3-7 cm. long. Leaves 2-5 cm. long. Leaflets 4-8 pairs, con- tiguous, greener above, obovate to oval or oblong, obtuse to notcheds woolly to nearly smooth, 2-7 mm. long. Stipules connate below, triangular. Internodes 2-3 cm. long. Stems very slender, flexuous„ about a foot long or more, prostrate to spreading, seemingly peren- nial from underground stems, dense and woolly and white on the stems and young parts, the hairs spreading or reflexed. This has the habit of A. Nuttallianus but pods are higher and the pubescence is woolly, also like A. Lindheimeri but with smaller pods and floweis and loose pubescence, the pods are about those of A. leptocarpus. Im the mountains of Coahuila, Zacatecas and Nuovo Leon, Mexlec^ Tropical. 247. Astragalus Luisanus n. sp. Pods oblong-ovate to broadlj linear, 7-10 mm. long, a little arcuate, 2-3 mm. high and ^ids-^ sometimes 5 mm. wide, rather obcompressed, nearly smooth wh&m ripe, tapering into a sharp and upturned beak about 2 mm. Icrig,,, sulcate dorsally. Flowers 5-7 mm. long, broad, few. Banner 0Ta£„ about 4-7 mm. long, arched abruptly at calyx tips to erect, wijjk sides reflexed about 1 mm. wide below. Wings broadly linear, 1.3' lanceolate, about straight and as long as banner, or arched to 45\ about 1 mm. wide and 2 mm. longer ihan keel. Keel about 4 mia. long and 3 mm. high, arched nearly from base to over a half circl-e,, the very obtuse tip rather hooked. Calyx nigrescent, about equally inserted, about 2 mm. long, campanulate, teeth triangular and about as long as tube. Bracts hyaline, hairy, nearly as long as calyx tube. Pedicels almost none. Peduncles filiform, 5-7 cm. lorig„ Leaves 3-4 cm. long, the upper sessile. Leaflets elliptical, obtuse to barely acute, silvery-silky with fine and closely appressed rather long hairs, 5-8 pairs. Stipules connate above, small. Stems slender, weaK, a lew mcnes long, irom a woody base and stout root, rather densely leafy and with short internodes. Central Mexico, blooming in June, probably Middle Temperate life zone. The types are Purpus plants Nos. 3208 from near Oaxaca Mexico, and 2477 from Esperanza in the State of Puebla. 248. Astragalus Pueblae Jones Cont. 14 35 (1912). Pods broadly linear, about 1 mm. wide, a trifle wider above, thin, witli cross section narrowly-cordate-triangular, deltoid-apiculate, rounded at both ends and very blunt, ashy, sulcate dorsally except at tip and base; ventral suture straight except at the convex tip and base, the point a little above the middle of the end, thickened but not raised. Flowers purple, broad. Banner white, broadly oblocg; and notched strongly, about 3.5 mm. long, with sides reflexed closely,, arched to 45° at calyx tips and abruptly. Wings obliquely-ovater large for the flower, about 1 mm. wide and 1 mm. longer thara keel, purple-tipped. Keel a little declined, half-deltoid-ovate, about 2 mm. long, purple, the straight but not erect tip very broad and barely acute. Calyx teeth rather subulate, about half as long as tube, unequal, tube not oblique nor unequally inserted. Bracts minute and scarious. Pedicels filiform, about 2 mm. long. Pedun- cles nearly erect. Leaves 5-7 cm. long, ashy, lax, short-petioled, spai-se. Leaflets 4-5 pairs, hardly 1 cm. long, linear and folded, distant. Stems nearly filiform, lax, many, branched, with the long- Micranthi. 276 internodes nearly as long as the leaves, flexuous, prostrate or widely spreading:. Stipules not connate, triangular, 2-3 mm. long. Root apparently perennial. Plants with the habit of A. Nuttallianus. Esperanza Puebla Mexico, Purpus, No. 5645. Probably Tropical. 249. Astragalus Pringlei Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 21 449 (1886). Pods oblong, 7-10 mm. long, about 3 mm. wide and 2 mm. high, abruptly and strongly apiculate, with ventral suture straight and in line with it, broadly sulcate dorsally, with cross section broadly and narrowly (vertically) reniform. FloAvers white or purple-tipped, 8-12 mm. long, loose. Banner arched a little beyond the calyx tips, 2-3 mm. longer than wings, with sides re- flexed below. Wings broadly linear, a little arched, 2 mm. longer than keel. Keel narrow, about 3 mm. long, gently arched from base to 45-90°, and with rounded and dark tip about 2 mm. high. Calyx tube 3-4 mm. long, about 2 mm. high, v.'ith straight base and convex upper side, oblique at base and acute and attached by the lower corner, not oblique at tip nor deeper cleft, teeth trian- gular and nearly half as long as tube. Pedicels slender, about 1 mm. long and about as long as the ovate bracts. Peduncles 2-3 cm. long, filiform, axillary. Leaves about 2 cm. long, nearly half is petiole. Leaflets 5-7 pairs, linear to obovate, obtuse, 2-3 mm. long, not contiguous, thick, ashy with minute and fine short hairs or greener above. Stems prostrate, only a few inches long, with short internodes. Stipules small, not connate. The flowers and pods are quite variable in size. Tropical, blooming in April. On the plains near Chihuahua City, Zvlexico. 250. Astragalus parvus Hemslay Bot. Cent. Am. 1 266 (1880). Pods linear, about 1 cin. long and hardly 2 mm. high, apiculate, spreading, sulcate narrowly along the dorsal suture which is straight, and the tip in line with it, the ventral suture convex. Flowers purple, about 7 mm. long. Banner about 5 mm. long, arched abruptly at calyx tips to 45-90°, with sides reflexed below, about 3 mm. longer than wings. Wrings oblong, arched, about 1 mm. longer than keel. Keel with entire blade erect, 2 mm. long and high, the front rounded to over a half circle, very obtuse. Calyx tube about 2 mm. long, narrowed below, little oblique attached below the mid- dle to a slender but minute pedicel, the triangular teeth about half as long as tube. Bracts minute. Peduncles 2-3 cm. long, . longer than the leaves, subterminal. Leaves 3-5 cm. long, spreading, only the uppermost sessile. Leaflets 6-9 pairs, oblong, distant, obtuse, 2-4 mm. long, short-petiolulate. Stipules very small, broad, green, not connate. Stems rather many from a thick root, decumbent, a few inches long, with short internodes. San Luis Potosi Mexico, Lower Temperate life zone, in open places. 251. Astragalus Schaffneri n. sp. Pods about 1 cm. long, 3 mm. high and 4 mm. wide, linear-oblong, a little arcuate, with the ventral suture concave and the somewhat declined tip in line with it, triangular-acute, broadly sulcate dorsally, with reniform cross section, indifferently spreading or reflexed. Flowers, pedicels and bracts as in A. parvus. Peduncles filiform, 3-6 cm. long. Stems nearly filiform, flexuous, widely spreading, freely branched below and open, from slender woody rootstocks, about a foot high, with internodes 2-3 cm. long, floriferous nearly throughout. Stipules sub- ulate, conspicuous, spreading 3-4 mm. long. Leaves 3-4 cm. long, ascending, all but the lowest sessile. Leaflets 5-8 pairs, nearly 1 cm. long, distant, folded and seemingly linear but narrowly elliptical, long-petiolulate, obtuse. No. 815 Schaffner from San Luis Potosi Mexico. This has been referred to A. parvus by Watson, but it appears to be quite a different plant. Lower Temperate life zone. 252. Astragalus Lemmoni Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 8 626 (1873). Pods half-oblong-ovate, about 7 mm. long, 2 mm. wide and 1.5 mm. high, with cordate cross section, almost straight (rarely a little arcuate) along the ventral suture and ending in a sharp mucro and triquetrous, shallow-sulcate dorsally, green or reddish, 277 Micranthi. ascending, ashy. Flowers 4-5 mm. long. Banner oval, about ^ mm. long:, with sides reflexed about V2 mm. wide below, abruptly erect at end of tube, waterlined, o^f^t-^n seemingly fiddle-shaped; groove U-shaped and very broad and filling the whole banner above. Wings oblong, arched 30", about 1 mm. wide^ about as long as ban- ner, or 2 mm. shorter, oblique and ob+use at tip, the right hanVl one incun^ed over keel, the other flaring, tips connivent, 2 mm. ^Miiger than keel. Keel half-oval-obovate, about 2 mm. long, obtuse. alyx a little over 1 mm. long, reddish, with acutish base, ashy, ;ther shorter than the subulate and curved teeth, on a slender pedicel about 1 mm. long which equals the linear and thin bract. Peduncles axillai-y throughout, often twin, about 2 cm. long, filiform. Leaves 3-4 cm. long, wide, the upper ones sessile. Leaflets about pairs, seemingly linear but narrov.iy to broadly elliptical, obtuse, ther thin, slender-petiolulate and rather cuneate at base, about 1 cin. long above, appearing green especially above but minutely pu- l)escent. Stems 1-3 ft. long, prostrate in wide mats, many, simple above, freely branched below, straight, with internodes a little shorter than the leaves. Stipules triangular, green, about 4 mm. long, not connate. Root thick, rather fleshy and erect. Stems herbaceous to the very base. From Chat to Yreka California, grow- ing on the sagebrush benches on the eastern edge of the Sierras. Middle Temperate life zone. This has the flowers and habit of A. Pulsiferje and debilis. 253. Astragalus Esperanzcc n. sp. Pods about 1 cm. long, 3-4 mm. wide and 2 mm. high, oblong, neaily straight, the ventral su- ture a little concave, shortly triangular-acute at tip with a small flat mucro, obcompressed below, with cross section reniform, shining when ripe and finely cross-nerved, opening throughout at both su- i^ures, reflexed, broadly sulcate dorsally to the middle. Flowers _ leenish-white or purple-tinged, becoming yellowish when dry, about -10 mm. long, about 10, spreading in a dense head. Banner oval, r)-7 mm. long, arched sharply to nearly erect at calyx tips, with sides reflexed 1 mm. wide below, about 1 mm. longer than wings^ or about equaling them. Wings broadly linear, about 2 mm. wide, arched to 45% 2 mm. longer than keel. Keel half-rhomboidal^ about 3 mm. long and high, the base a little convex then abruptly bent to erect and tip broadly triangular and acutish, exceeding the calyx teeth by about 2 mm. Calyx tube about 2-3 mm. long, ni- grescent, cleft deeper above, the triangular-subulate teeth about as long and straight. Pedicels almost none, bracts lanceolate, white, thin and about as long as calyx tube. Peduncles slender, about •1-15 cm. long, longer than the leaves, axillary above, single. Leaves 4-5 cm. long, broad, all short-petioled. Leaflets 8-12 pairs, linear to cuneate-linear, blunt, about 8-15 mm. long, ashy with very short and rough appressed hairs, not contiguous. Stipules conspic- uously connate almost to the tips, rather hyaline, 5 mm. long. Stems several, mostly from underground branches of a stout root, flexuous,. spreading, a few inches to 2 ft. long, with many internodes 1-5 cm., long, leafy. Esperanza Puebla Mexico, No. 3207 Purpus. In bloom in August, evidently the second flowering of the year. Lower Tem- perate life zone probably. Plateado Zacatecas Mexico. J. X. Rose Nat. Herb. No. 301689, Sept. 3, 1897; Tlalnepantla state of Mexica. July 6, 1905, J. N. Rose, Nat. Herb. No. 451904; Tulancingo state of Hidalgo, J. N. Rose, Nat. Herb. No. 452311; Alvarez San Lui* Potosi, Palmer, July 13, 1904, Nat. Herb. No. 471072. The Purpus material in my herbarium is the type. 254. Astragalus Chapalanus n. sp. About as in A. Esperanza* but stipules minute and subulate and not at all connate. Pods about 1.5 cm. long, obliquely lanceolate-oblong and a little arcbed,. shortly acuminate, on stout peduncles 5-7 cm. long which aboul equal the leaves. Leaves about 5 cm. long, sessile, of about 10-12 pairs, or subalternate leaflets which are neariy contiguous, broadly linear„ long-petiolulate, shortly cuneate at base. Stems about a foot hig-h„ Micrantki. * 278 ffexuous, with internodes nearly as long as leaves, decumbent at Ease and with peduncles in the middle axils. Blooming evidently in. July and fruiting in September and with peduncles in the upper axils, but the type gathered in October after the tops had a second :^rawth from the fall rains after fruiting. Near Chapala Jalisco Hex., Oct. 5, 1903. J. N. Rose, Nat. Herb. No. 451239. 255. Astragalus hypoxylus Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 18 192 (1883). Pods about 1 cm. long and 8 mm. wide and high, obliquely ajid narrowly linear-oblong, with ventral suture about straight or a trifle concave, shortly acuminate into a triangular beak about 2 aim. long which is straight with the ventral suture, inclined to be a little laterally flattened, ascending, cross section cordate, rather narrowly sulcate dorsally, ashy. Banner about 3-4 mm. long, oval, abruptly erect at end of tube. Wings oblong, about as long as banner and 2 mm. longer than keel. Keel about 2 mm. long and high, erect and deltoid, acutish. Calyx tube turbinate, about 2 mm. long, tapering into the slender but very short pedicel, ni- «:rescent, with subulate teeth as long as tube and lax. Bracts mi- nute, about as long as pedic.ls. Peduncles about 5 cm. long, from the lower axils, twice as long as leaves. Leaves 2-3 cm. long, all short-petioled, spreading. Leaflets 4-6 pairs, oval-obovate and long- petiolulate, rounded, ashy with fine and appressed hairs. Stipules not connate, small, green, triangular. Stems loosely matted, a few inches long, with short internodes. Huachuca Mts. Arizona, Lemmon. Purpus's No. 2477 from Esperanza Puebla seems to be the same. Plants referred to this from Lower California seem diff"erent. Astragalus Purpusi Jones might be sought here, but has a atipitate nod. 256. Astragalus Hartwegi Benth. PL Hartw. 10 (1839). Pods 2-3 mm. wide, about 2 mm. high, with renilorm cross section, often a, little sulcate ventrally as well as dorsally, appearing as if a trifle inflated, densely spicate and very closely reriexed, minutely stipitate. Flowers white or purple, closely reflexed. Banner nearly round, closely hugging the keel or abruptly arched to 45' beyond the calyx t.ps, rather thick and with sides barely reflexed around the margin, about 3 mm. long, about 1 mm. longer than wings. Wings linear, a lif'tle ardhed, about 1 mm. longer than keel. Keel with straight base and then abruptly erect, obtuse, the general out- line falcate-obovate, about 2 mm high. Calyx tube canipanulate, about 2 mm. long, very oblique at both ends and attached on the lower corner, nigrescent, the deltoid teeth about half as long as tube. Fruiting pedicels hardly 1 mm. long and about as long as the hyaline bracts. Peduncles 5-20 cm. long, subterminal, rather stout, much longer than the leaves, rarely some lower ones short. Floral spikes shorter than the peduncles. Leaves rarely 5 cm. long, the upper sessile. Leaflets 5-9 pairs, not contiguous, narrowly ob- long, obtuse, rather smooth above, 5-15 mm. long, cuneate at base, those of the lower leaves much reduced and often oval. Stipules not connate, lanceolate, rather large, green. Internodes shorter than the leaves. Stems slender ascending, a foot or two long, flexu- mis, branched below, from an erect and rather slender root. Pu- ttescence short and closely appi'cssed. Central Mexico, and north- ward probably to Chihuahua. Lower Temperate life zone. 257. Astragalus militaris n. sp. Pods about 2 mm. wide and Jiigh, and 1 cm. long, shining, with triquetrous-cordate cross section, deeply sulcate dorsally, not at all ventrally. Flowers pink-purple, _ spreading. Banner oval, about 4 mm. long, with sides reflexed in the middle about 1 mm. wide, abruptly erect at calyx tips, -deeply notched; white spot filling the unreflexed banner blade, and traversed by spreading rays of purple ; the groove fills the whole banner. Wings very large, oblong-elliptical, 2 mm. wide, as long a§ banner, concave to keel and very obtuse and rounded, with tips aearly hoi-izontal, about 1 mm. longer than keel. Keel arched jbftza base into iibout a half circle* about 3 nun. long ind 2 mm. high* 279 Micranthi. very obtuse. Bracts triangular, about equaling the calyx tube and much longer than the 1 mm. -long pedicels. Calyx Hedeoma-like, about 1.5 mm. long, laterally flattened, broadly campanulate, very oblique at both ends, inserted a little below the middle of the end, sparsely long-hairy with appressed hairs, teeth triangular-subulate, lax, about as long as tube. Peduncles filiform, 5-10 cm. long, lax, axillary. Spikes 2-5 cm. long, becoming a little loose in fruit, never very dense. Leaves 5-7 cm. long, mostly all petioled. Leaf- lets 6-8 pairs, narrowly elliptical, nearly 1 cm. long, long-petiolulate and cuneate at base, distant, obtuse. Stipules triangular to subu- late, hyaline below, 3-5 mm. long, not connate. Stems very slender and flexuous, nearly erect from a woody base, about a foot high, in- ternodes rarely 2 cm. long. Soldier Canon near Colonia Juarez Chi- huahua Mexico, Sept. 16, 1903, Jones. Lower Temperate life zone. I also refer to this Pringle's No. 1586 from Carretas Chihuahua Mexico which was distributed as A. Hartwegi and was considered by Wat- son to be A. parvus. Palmer's No. 441 from Durango Mexico with white flowers is the same. 258. Astragalus Saltonis n. sp. Pods as in A. Hartwegi but barely sulcate dorsally and not at all ventrally, with deltoid cross section, about 1.5 cm. long, nigrescent, papery and a little inflated, nearly straight. Flowers white with purple tips, and like the pods closely reflexed and densely clustered. Banner oval, arched to nearly a half circle at calyx tips, with sides closely reflexed fully 1 mm. wide above, about 4 mm. long. Wings oblong, arched, white, fully as long as banner or longer. Keel arcned from base to tip in about one-third circle, and upper side about straight from base to tip, obtuse, about 3 mm. long and as long as or 1 mm. shorter than banner, conspicuous. Calyx tube narrowly campanulate, a little nar- rowed below and obtuse but about equally inserted, very oblique above, very nigrescent with fine soft rather spreading short hairs, teeth subulate nearly as long as tube and lax. Pedicels 1 mm. long. Bracts lanceolate, the lower 5-7 mm. long, lax and hyaline, hairy as in all the allied species. Peduncles stout, about 1 dm. long, sub- terminal. Leaves 5-10 cm. long, widely spreading and lax, the upper about sessile. Leaflets nearly linear to narrowly oblong, cuneate and long-petiolulate below, obtuse, 1 cm. long, nearly 15 pairs, softly silky-pubescent below with very fine and spreading hairs and rough surface, the upper side smooth. Stipules connate and large, often 1 cm. long. Stems decumbent, flexuous, not slen- der, about a foot long. Liternodes 2-5 cm. long. Salto de Aqua Mexico, stcite of Mexico, No. 1751 Purpus. A plant from near Cima state of Mexico by J. N. Rose, Sept. 19, 1903, is a le-3S developed form with smaller and shorter leaves. 259. Astragalus vaccarum Gray PI. Wr. 2 43 (1853). A. Daleae Greene. Pods softly pubescent, broadly sulcate to the mid- dle, with reniform cross section. Flowers greenish-white (sometimes purple), very short and stubby. Banner about round, 2 mm. long, abruptly arched to more than erect, about as long as the obovate and rounded wings which a little surpass the keel. Keel with whole blade erect, half-oval-ovate, about 2 mm. high, obtusish. Calyx tube rather narrowly campanulate, hardly 1 mm. long, oblique at tip, teeth triangular, nearly as long as tube which is appressed and scantily hairy with long hairs. Bracts fully as long as calyx, lan- ceolate. Pedicels almost none. Peduncles filiform 5-15 cni. long, ax- illary. Leaves 3-8 cm. long, lax, the upper sessile. Leaflets 6-10 pairs, narrowly elliptical, cuneate and long-petiolulate below, obtuse, 5-15 mm. long, distant. Stipules triangular to subulate, not connate, often 5-8 mm. long. Stems rather slender, nearly erect, a foot or two high, branched below. Central New Mexico to the Huachuca Mts. Arizona and southward to Sinaloa, Durango, and Hidalgo Mexico. Blooming in July. Forms that are similar but with i(i:o;. No. 241 Oxytropis acutirostris (Watson) Jones Cont 7 677 1895. Aragallus acutirostris (Watson) Heller Cat. Fd. 2 4 1897. adanus Nelson Bot. Gaz. 53222 1912. No. 120 adsurgens Pall. Ast. 40, 44 t 31 iSoo. Phaca adsurgens (Pall ) Piper Fl. Wash. ^72 1906. Var. robustior Hook. Fk Bor .\m. i 149 1834 is A. nitidus Var. agrestis Douglas in Hook Fl. Bor. Am. i 148 1834. No. 131 goniatus Nutt. in T. &. Fl. i 330 1838. Hypoglottis Var. bracteatus Osterhout Torr. Bull. 26 1S99. Phaca agrestis (I)ougl.) Piper Fl. Wash. 372 1906. Var. polyspermus (T & G.) Jones Cont. 10 65 1902 A. Hypoglottis Var. polyspermus T & G. Fl N. A i 328 1838. virgultulus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stnd. 9 165 1894. albatus Sheldon " " " " " 128 " is A. aridus albens Greene Bull. Cal. Acad. 3 156 1885. No. 227. albulus Wooton & Standley Cont. Nat. Herb. 16 136 1913 is humistratus allanaris Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 141 1894 is glareosus allochrous Gray Proc. Am. Aad, 13 366 1878. No. 63. Wootoni Sheldon Minn, Bot, Stud. 9 138 1894- nlpinus 1,. 760 is andinus. Phaca alpina I'iper Fl. Wash. 371 1906, not Linnaeus Phaca as'.ragalina DC. Ast. 64 1802 A. astragalinus (DC.) Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 65 1894 giganleus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 965 1894, not Pallas not alpinus \'ar. giganteus Pallas which is A oroboides alpinus (L.) Sheldon Minn. Bot Stud, 9 65 1894 No. 8 Phaca aipina L. 755 Iragacantha alpina(L.) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 943 1891 I'haca frigida L. Kl. Suess. 2 657 1755 A. frigidus (L.) Gray Proc. Phil. Acad, of 1863 p. 60 (Ser. 2 Vol 7) Var. Americanus (Hook.) Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 133 1S94 is A. Americanus Var. littoralis (Hook.) Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 133 1894 Phaca frigida Var littoralis Hooker Fl. Bor. Am. i 140 1830 A. frigidus Var. littoralis (Hook.) Watson Bib. Index 193 1878 altus Wooton & Standley Cont. Nat. Herb. 16 136 1913 is A. strigulosus Var. brevidentatus Alvordensis Jones Cont. 10 67 1903 No. 100 Americanus (Hook.) Jones Cont. 88 1898 No. 90 Phaca frigida Var. Americana Hooker Fl. Bor. Am. i 140 1830 A alpinus Var. Americanus (Hook.) Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 133 1894 frigidus Var. Americanus (Hook.) Watson Bib Index 193 1878 ammolotus Greene Erythea 3 76 1895 is lotiflorus Var. brachypus amphidoxus Blankenship Stud. Mont. Pi. i 72 1905 is miser amphioxys Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 13 366 1878 No. 174 c-e=;centicarpus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 148 1894 selenius Greene Krythea 3 76 1805 Xylophacos amphioxys (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull 32 662 1905 aragalloides Rydberg Torr. Bull. 34 48 1907 Var. brachylobus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 13 367 1878 is remulcus Var. vespertinus (Sheldon) Tones A. vespertinus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 150 1894 Xylophacos vespertinus (Sheldon) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 662 1905 amphioxys x Laynese Jones amplexus Payson Bot. Gaz. 60 378 1915 is lentiginosus var. palans ampul'aius Watson Am. Nat. 7 300 1873 No. 114 Phaca ampullnrin (Watson) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 4047 1913 Andersoni Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 524 1S65 No. 225 Tragacantha Andersoni fGray) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 943 1891 andinus (Nutt.) Jones No. q'l Phaca andina Nv.ti. in T. & G. Fl. N. A. i 345 1838 A. aloinus L. 760 astragalinus (DC.) Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 65 1894 Phaca astraj^alina DC. Ast. 64 1802 Tium alpinum [L.] Kydberg Torr. Bull. 32 659 1905 anemophilus Greene Bull Cal. Acad. 4 186 1885 is A. vestitus Angelinus Jones No. 272 angustus Jones Cont. 7 635 1895 and Zoe 4 37 1893 is A. pictus Var. pictus [Gray] Jones Cont. 7 635 1895 is pictus Var. ceramicus [Sheldon] Jones Cont. 10 62 1902 is pictus Var. longifolius [Pursh] " " 7 635 1895 's pictus var. Var. imperfectus [Sheldon] " " 10 62 1902 is pictus var. filifol. anisus Jones Cont. 4 34 1893 No. 194 Antiselli Gray Bot. ( al. i 152 1876 No. 5 Hasseanus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 124 1894 Var. phoxus Jones Cont. 10 65 1902 A. gaviotiis Elmer Bot. Gaz. 39 54 1901; Antoninus W^atson Proc. Am. Acad. 17 343 1882 No. 157 apertus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 166 1894 ervoides II. & A. BotBeech. 417 1841 apilosus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 22 1894 is glaber araneosus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 170 1894 is lentiginosus var. palans argillosus Jones Cont 2 241 1891 No. 202 Cnemidophacos argillosus [Jones] Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 50 1913 argophyllus Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. N. A. i 331 1838 No. 167 A. Uintensis Jones Cont. 7 670 1895 Xylophacos argophyllus (Nutt) Rydberg Torr. Bull, 4049 1913 Uintensis (Jones) Rydberg " " " ^2 662 1905 Var. cstanaeformis (\\ atson) Jones Cont. 10 62 1902 A. castanseformis Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 20 361 1885 Var. Martini Jones Var. Panguicensis Jones Cont. 7 671 1895 as Chamasleuce var., and Cont 8 5 1898 A. Panguicensis Jones Cont. 10 62 1902 Var. pephragmenus Jones Cont 5 267 1893 as species aridusuidy iroc. Am. Acad. 6 223 1864. No. 37 Tragacantha arida (Gray) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 943 1891 A. albatus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 128 1894 arietinus Jones Cont. 7 653 1895 is cibarius Var. stipularis Jones Cont. 7 654 1895 '^ desperatus Arizonicus Gray" Proc. Am. Acad. 73981868 No. 218 Tragacantha Arizonica (Gray) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 943 1891 arr^ctus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 8 2S9 1S70 No. 121 A. leucophyllus Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. 6 211 1847 I'.dousensis Piper Bot. Gaz. 22 489 1896 atropubescens C. & F. Bot. Gaz. 18 300 1893 Cusickii Rydberg Torr. Bull. 26 542 1899 Malheurensis Heller Cat. Ed. 2 7 1900 Phaca arrecta (Gray) Piper Fl. Wash. 371 1906 Tium arrectum (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 49 1913 atropubescens (C. & F.) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 49 1913 Var. Leibergi Jones Cont. 10 68 1902 A. « " « 7 663 1895 Phaca arrecta var. Leibergi (Jones) Piper Fl. Wash. 371 1906 Var. Kelseyi (Rydberg Fl. Mont 241 1900 as species) A. eremiiicus var. Spencianus Jones Cont 10 60 1902 Boiseanus Nelson Bot. Gaz. 53 223 1912 Cystium Boiseanum (Nelson) Rydberg I orr. Bull. 40 50 1913 Var. eremiticus (>heldon) Jones Cont. 7 665 1895 A. eremiticus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 161 1894 Tium eremiticuni (Sheldon) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 49 1913 Var. Palousensis (Piper) Jones Cont 1068 1902 is arrectus Var. remotus Jones Var. scaphoides Jones Cont. 7 664 1895 A. scophioitles Rydberg Fl. Mont. 241 I900,(a blunder of Rydberg) A. scaphoides Jones Cont. 10 69 1902 Phacopsis scaphoides (Jones) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 52 1913 Artemisiarum Jones Cont. 6" 369 1894 is Beckwithii var. purpureus Arthuri Jones Cont. 8 20 1898 No. 233 Atelophragma Arthur! (Jones) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 51 1913 Arthu-Schottii Gr.iy i roc. Am. Acad. 6 209 1864 is lentiginosus var. artipes ( vay Proc. Am. Acad. 13 370 1878 is oophorus asclepiadoides Jones Cont. 2 239 1891 No. 116 Jonesiella asclepiidoides ( I ones) Torr. Bull. Rydberg 33 661 1905 astragalinus [DC.^ Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 65 1894 is andinus Phaca astragalina DC. Astragalus 64 1802 asymmetricus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 23 1894 is leucophyllus atratns Watson Bot. King 69 437 t. 1 1 1871 No. 138 atratus var. stenophvllus Jones Cont 3 297 1893 var. arctus Sheldon Mirn. Bot. Stud. 9 160 1894 Tragacantha atrata [Watson] Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 943 1891 Hamosa atrata [WatsonJ Rydberg Torr. Bull. 34 48 1907 Var. mensanus Jones Cont 7 665 1S95 Var. phyllophofus Jones Cont. 10 62 1902 Var. Owyheensis fNelson Bot. Gaz. 55 ■?7i5 191-? as species] atropubescens C. .t F. Bot. Gaz. 18 300 1893 is arrectus .\u.stin?e Bot. Cal. i 156 1876 No. 132 Tragacantha Austinne [Gray] Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 941 1891 P.ahaensis Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 169 1894 is Hornii var. Batesii Nelson 54 150 1912 is lotiflorus var. Rcverchoni iJeckwitliii T. &. G. Fac. R. R. Rep. 2 pt. 2 I20 1855 No. 77 Tragacaniha Heckwithii ( T. & G.) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 943 1891 Phaca liecKWitlui ( T. l\: l..) Piper Fl. Wash. 371 1906 Var. purpureus Jones Cont 3 28S 1893 A Artemisiarum Jones Cont 9 46 1900 Pnaca Artemisiaruin (Jones) Kyrazoensis (Buckley) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 943 1891 brevicaulis Nelson Torr. Bull. 26 9 1899 is calycosus Breweri Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 207 1864 No. 268 Tragacantha Breweri (Gray) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 943 1 891 csespitosus [Xutt.] Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 230 1864 is simplicifol. Californicus [Gray] Greene Bull. Cal. Acad. 3 157 1885 No. 7 A. collinus var. Californicus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 12 54 1876 Homalobus Californicus [Gray] Heller Muhl. 2 86 1906 alycosus Torr. in Bot. King. 66 and 435 t. 10 1871 No. 219 A. brevicaulis Nelson Torr. Bull. 26 9 1899 cyanoseminus Greene. Unpublished ? Tragacantha calycosa [Torn] Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 943 1891 Hamosa calycosa [Torr.] Rydberg Torr. Bulk 40 50 1913 Var. scaposus [Gray] Jones Cont. 4 26 1893 A. scaposusGiav Proc. Am. Acad. 13 366 1878 candicans Greene Bull. Cal. Acad. 3 156 1885 Hamosa scajiosa [Gray] Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 659 1905 campestris [Nutt.] Cray Proc. Am. Acad. 62291864 No. 9 Homalobus campestris Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. N. A. i 351 1838 camporum Rydberg Torr.Bull. 32 666 1905 decumbens Gray Proc. Phil. Acad. Ser. 2 7 1863 Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. N. A. i 352^1838 in part, tenuifolius " " " " " " not tenuifolius Desf. decurrens Rydiierg Torr. Bnll. 31 563 1904 oblongifolius " " " 34 5° '907 SalidK " " " 32 667 1905 Tragacantha campestris [Nutt.] Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 943 1 891 A. convallarius Greene Erythea i 207 1893 decumbens var. convallarius (Greene) Jones Cont. 10 58, 69 1902 Var. crispatus Jones Var. decumbens (Nutt.-Gray) Jones A. decumbens Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6229 1864 Homalobus Cont. 13 9 1910 No. 213 Eastwoodre Jones Cont. 5 368 1894 is Prcussii var. Phaca Eastwoodiie [Jones] Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 664 1906 eiatiocarpus Sheldon Minn. Bot. !-5tud. 9 20 1894 is lotitlorus var. elegans [Hook.J Sheldnn Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 154 1894 No . 85 Phaca elegans Hooker Fl. Bor. Am. i 144 1830 Var. minor " " " " " " " Atelophragma elegans [Hook.] Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 660 1905 Astragalus minor [Hook.] Jones Cont. lO 64 1902 oroboides var. Americanus Grav Proc. Am. Acad. 6 205 1864 Shearii Rydberg Torr. Bull. 31 562 1894 Var. curtiHorus [Rydberg] Jones A. curtiflorus Rytll)erg Fl. Mont 242 1 900 Phaca parvitlora Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. N. A. I 348 1838 Elmeri Greene Erythea 3 98 1895 is nigrescens Engelmann Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 152 1894 is distortus var. EUiottii Dietr. Syn. PI. 4 1080 1850 is obcordatus 7 ensiformis Jones Cont. 7 658 1895 No. 184 Episcopus vvaLsoa i^ruc. A.u. Acad. 10346 1875 No. 12 Homalobus Episcopus (Watson) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 53 1913 eremicus Sheldon in Death Val. Kep. 66 1893 is lentiginosus var. eremiticus Sheldon Minii. Bot. Stud. 9 161 1894 is arrectus var. eriocarpus Watson Hot. King 71, 440 1871 is Newberryi var. ervoides H. Cv A. Hot. Beech. 417 1841 No. 245 apertus Sheldon Miun. Bot. Stud. 9 166 1894 Tepicus " " " " " 172 " Hookeiianus Dietr. Syn. PI. 4 1086 1850 Trjgacantha ervoides (H.'& A.) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 943 1891 Ksperanz.e Jones No. 253 Eurekensis jones Cont. 8 12 1898 and 3 291 No. 176 exilifolius Nelson Torr. Bnll. 26 10 1899 is simplicifolius var. fallax watson Proc. Am. Acad. 20 362 1885 is gracilentus var. famelicus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 23 1894 is gracilentus var. fastidiosus Greene Bull. Cal. .Acad, i 186 1885 is leucopsis var. fastidius (Kellogg) Jones Cont. 8 7 1898 is leucopsis var. Feensis Jones Cont. 8 20 1898 No. 183 Fendleri Gray Bl. Wr. 44 1853 is flexuosus var. filifolius Gray Pac. R.R. Rep. 12 42 i860 is pictus var. filipes Torr. Bot. Wilkes 27S 1854 is slenophyllus flagellaris Eng. in Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 152 1894 is distort v flaviflorus (Kuntze) Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 158 1894 is confertitlorus var. flavus Nutt. in T. & G. FI. N. A. i 335 1838 is confertiflorus var. Cnemidophacos flavus (Nutt.) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 664 1905 flexuosus Douglas in Hooker Fl. Bor. Am. i 140 1830 No. 153 Phaca flexuosa (Douglas) Hooker Fl. Bor. Am. i 141 1830 Tragacantha flexuosa (Douglas) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 943 1891 Homalobus flexuosus (Dougl.) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 666 1905 Var. Fendleri (Gray) Jones Cont. 10 62 1902 A. I'endlen Gray I'l. Wright. 2 44 1S53 Phaca Fendleri Gray PI. Fend. 36 1849 Homalobus Fendleri (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 667 1905 Salidte Rydberg I'orr. 13ull. 32 667 1905 Tragacantha Fendleri (Gray) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 943 1891 Var. Diehlii Jones Var. elongatus (Hook.) Jones Phaca elongaia Hooker Fl. Bor. Am. i 141 1830 foliolosus (Gray) Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 9 138 1894 si pictus A. pictus var foliolosus Grav Proc. Am. Acad. 621s 1864 Forwoodii Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 25 129 1890 is aboriginum var. Franciscanus Sheldon Minn. Rot. Stud. 9 135 1894 is vestitus var. Francisquitensis Jones Cont. 7 666 1895 No. 234 Var. Lagunensis Jones (Jont. 8 1 1 as species and 10 61 1902 Fremotii T. & G. Pac. R. R. Rep. 4 80 1857 is lentiginosus var. frigidus (L.) Gray Proc. Phil. Acad. Ser. 2 7 60 1863 is alpinus Tragacantha frigida (L.) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 943 1891 Funereus Jones Cont. 12 11 1908 No. 178 galegioides Nutt. (ien. 2 100 1818 is racemosus Gambellianus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 21 1894 is nigrescens gaviotus Elmer Bot. Gaz. 39 54 1905 is Antiselli var. Gertrudis Greene Leaflets 2 43 1910 is gracilentus var. Geyeri Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 214 1864 No. 38 Phaca annua Geyer in Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. 6 213 1847 Tragacantha Geyeri (Gray) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 943 1891 Var. triquetrus (Gray) Jones Cont. 8 7 1898 is triquetrus Gibbsii Kellogg Proc. Cal. Acad. 2 161 t. 50 1863 No. 98 Tragacantha Gibbsii (Kellogg) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 943 1891 Var. curvicarpus [Sheldon] Jones Cont. 10 62 1902 A. speirocarpus var. curvicarpus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 125 1894 Var. falciformis Gray Bot. Cal. i 152 1876 sinuatus Piper Torr. Bull. 28 40 1601 Homalobus curvicarpus [Sheldon] Heller Muhl. 2 86 1906 Var. falciformis [Cray] Jones Cont. 8 23 1898 is var. curvicarpus giganteus (Pall.) Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 154 1894 is oroboides giganteus Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 17 370 1882 No. 192 A. Fcxanus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 141 1894 Van Yaquianus (Watson) Jones A. Yacjuianus Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 23 270 1888 Gilensis Greene Torr. Bull. 8 97 1881 No. 20 gilvifloius Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 21 1894 is triphyllus glaber Michaux Fl. 2 66 1803 No. 216 Tiayacantha Michauxii Ivuntze Rev. Gen. 2 943 1891 apilosus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 22 1894 glabriusculiis (Hook.) Lrray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 204 1864 is aborig. v 'I'ragacantha glabriuscula (Hook.) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 943 1891 Phaca glabriuscula Hoolier Fl. Bor. Am. i 144 1830 Atelophragma glabriusculum Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 660 1905 glareosus Douglas in Hooker Fl. Bor. Am. i 152 1834 is inflexus var. Goldmani Jones No. 263 goniatus Nutt. in T. (V l^^l N. A. i 330 1838 is agrestis Gormani Wight No. 84 gracilentus Gray PI. Feud. 36 1849 ^s Phaca No. 155 Gray i-roc. Am. Acad. 6 223 1864 Ncomexicanus Wooton & Standley Cont. Nat. Herb. 16 37 1913 1 ragacantha gracilenta (Gray) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 943 1891 Var. exsertus Jones Var. fallax (Watson) Jones Cont. 8 14 1898 A. fallax Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 20 362 1885 famelicus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 23 1894 Gertrudis Greene Leaflets 2 43 1910 Var. Greenei (Gray) Jones Cont. 8 14 1898 A. Greenei Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 16 105 18S0 Var. Hallii (Gray) Jones Cont. 8 13 1898 A. Hallii Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 224 1864 Homalobiis Hallii (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 667 1905 gracilis Nutt. Gen. 2 loo 1818 is parviflorus Microphacos gracilis (Nutt) Rydberg Tor. Bull. 32 663 1905 grallator Watson Zoe 3 52 1892 is Haydenianus Homalobus grallator (Watson) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 666 1905 grandiflorus Watson Proc. Ain. Acad. 17 370 1882 is coccineus Grayi Parry Am. Nat. 8 212 1874 No. 103 Tragacantha Grayi (Parry) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 943 1891 Ctenophyllum Grayi (Parry) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 50 1913 Greenei Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 16 105 1880 is gracilentus var. Greggii Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 173431882 No. 246 griseopubens Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 24 1894 is campestris Guatamalensis Hemsley Bot. Cent. Am. I 264 1880 No. 147 Var. Oaxacanus (Rose as species) in Jones Cont. 8 9 1898 Hallii Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 224 1864 is gracilentus var. Homalobus Hallii (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 667 1905 Hartwegi Benth. PI. Hartw. 10 1839 No. 256 Tragacantha Hartwegi (Benth.) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 943 1891 Hasseanus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 124 1894 is Antiselli var. Haydenianus Gray in Brandegee's Rep. Col. 235 1876 No. 205 Tragacantha Haydeniana (Gray) Kuntze Rev. (ien 2 943 1891 Diholcus Haydenianus (Gray] Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 664 1905 Var. major and Nevadensis Jones Zoe 2 241 1891 are not distinct A. scobinatulus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 24 1894 demissus Greene Erythea i 221 1893 Jepsoni Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 22 1894 grallator Watson Zoe ■? 52 1892 Homalobus grallator (Watson) Rydberg Torr. Bulk 32 666 1905 Helleri Fenzl. Bonplandia 8 56 1861 is nomen nudum. Hendersoni Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 22 471 1887 is accidens var. holosericeus Jones Cont. 7 638 1895 is macrodon Hoodianus Howell Erythea i 1 1 1 1893 is reventus var. Hookerianus Dietr. Syn. PI. 4 1086 1850 is ervoides Hookerianus (T. & G.) Gray Proc Am. Acad. 6 215 1864 No. 67 Phaca Hookeriana T. \ (J. Fl N. A. i 693 1840 Tragacantlia Hookeriana (T. & G.) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 943 1891 A. Sonneanus Greene Fin. 3 186 1897 Var. Whitneyi (Gray) Jones Cont. 7 668 1895 A. Whitneyi Lira> i .oc Am. Acad. 6 526 1865 \'ar. pinonis Elmer Hot. Gaz. 39 54 1905 Hornii Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 7 39S 1868 No. 46 Tragacantha Ilornii (Gray) Kuntze Rev. Gen 2 943 1891 Var. Bahaensis (Sheldon) Jones Cont. 10 62 1902 A. Bahaensis Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 169 1894 Var. minutiflorus Jones Cont. 7 677 1895 Hosackiie Greene Bull. Cal. Acad. 3 157 1885 is humistratus var. Howellii Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 15 46 1879 No. 228 Var. misellus (Watson) Jones A. misellus Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 21 449 1886 Humboldtii Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 195 1864 No. 190 Phaca mollis II.B.K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6 496 1824 Tragacantha mollis (H.B.K.) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 943 1891 humilis Geyer in Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. 6 211 1847 is Geyeri humillimus Gray in Brandegee' Rep. Col. 235 1876 No. 19 Tragacantha humillima (Watson) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 943 1891 Phaca humillima (Watson) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 33665 1905 humistratus (}ray PI. Wr. 243 1853 No. 17 Tragacantha humistrata ^Gray) Kuntze Kev. Gen. 2 943 1891 Tium humistratum (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 660 1905 A. albulus Wooton & Standley Cont. Nat. Herb. 16 136 1913 Var. Hosackicc (Greene) Jones Cont. 10 58 1902 A. Hosackiie Greene Bull. Cal. Acad. 3 157 1885 Var. Sonor^B (Gray) Jones Cont. 10 58 1902 A. Sonora; (iray PI. Wr. 2 44 1853 Var. tenerrimus Jones Cont. 7 649 1895 hyalinus Jones Cont. 7 648 1895 No. 25 hylophilus (Rydberg) Nelson Bot. Ry. Mts. 291 1909 is campestris var. Hypoglottis L. Mantissa 275 1767 is not American Phaca Hypoglottis (L.) MacMillan Metasperm. 325 1892 Tragacantha Hypoglottis (L.) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 943 1891 Var. bracteatus Osterhout Torr. Bull. 26 256 189915 agrestis var. Var. poiyspermus T. cS: G. Fl. N. A. i 328 1838 is " " A. virgultulus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 165 1894 Var. robustior Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. 6 210 1847 is nitidus Var. strigosus Kell. Proc. Cal. Acad. 2 115 1863 is tener Tiypoleucus Schauer I,inn?ea 20 747 1847 No. 260 Tragacantha hypoleuca (Schauer) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 943 1891 hypoxylus Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 18 192 1883 No. 255 Ibapeiisis Jones Cont. 3 290 1893 No. 139 Atelophragma Ibapensis [Jones] Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 51 1913 ineptus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6525 1865 is lentiginosus var. inflexus Douglas in Hooker Fl. Bor. Am. i 151 1834 No. 180 Xylophacos inflexus [Douglas] Rydberg Torr. Bull. 4049 1913 Var. glareosus [Douglas] Jones Cont. 10 62 1902 A. glareosus Douglas in Hooker Fl. Bor. Am. i 152 1834 allanaris Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 141 1894 Booneanus Nelson Bot. Gaz. 53 223 1912 Tragacantha glareosa [Douglas] Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 943 1891 insularis Kell. Bull. Cal. Acad, i 6 1884 No. 47 trifiorus var. insularis [Kellogg] jones Cont. 6 637 1895 Var. Pondii [Greene] Jones A. Pondii Greene Pitt i 288 1889 Var. Quentinus Jones Cont. 8 6 1898 intermedius Jones (font. 7 656 1895 is Phoenicis intonsus Sheldon Minn. 13ot. Stud. 9 23 1894 is villosus inversus Jones Cont. 5 276 1893 Xo. 8 Inyoensis Sheldon in Covilie's Death Valley Rep. 86 1893 No. 230 iodanthus Watson Bot. King 70 1871 No. 163 Tragacantha iodantha [Watson] Kuutze Rev. Gen. 2 943 1891 Jodopetatus Greene in herb, is Shortianus u jejunvis Watson Bot. King 73 1871 No. 65 Tragacantlia jejuna (Watson) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 943 1891 Ftiaca jejuna (Watson) Rydbeig Torr. Bull. 4048 1913 Jepsuni tiueidun Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 22 1894 is Haydenianus j"ebupi (Eggleston & Sheldon) Britlon Man. 1048 1901 is Labradoricus Julianas Jones Cont. 7 667 1895 No. 39 junceus (Nutt.) Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 62301864 No. 11 Homalobus junceus Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. N. A. i 351 1838 A. diversifolius var. junceus (Nutt.) Jones Cont. 8 13 1898 Var. roborum Jones Cont. 10 61 1902 Var. diversifolius (Gray) Jones A. diversifolius uiay rroc. Am. Acad. 6 230 1864 junciformis Nelson Torr Bull. 26 9 1899 Homalobus ortliocarpus Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. N. A. i 351 1838 junciformis (Nelson) Rydberg Tor. Bull. 32 667 1905 Var. attenuatus Jones Kaibensis Jones Cont. 10 64 1902 No. 211 Kelseyi Rydberg Fl. Mont. 241 1900 is arrectus var. Kentrophyta Gray Proc. Phil. Acad. Ser. 2 7 60 1863 is montanus Lagunensis Jones Cont. 811 1898 is Francisquitensis var. Labradoricus DC. Prod 2 287 1825 No. 86 secundus Michaux Fl. 2 66 1803 Blakei Eggleston Bot. Gaz. 20 271 1895 Robbinsii var Jesupi Egg.-Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 155 1894 wi: borealis Fggleston Bot. Gaz. 20 271 1895 Jesupi (Eggleston & Sheldon) BrittoQ Man. 1048 1901 Var. Robbinsii (Oakes) Jones A. " " in Gray's Man. Ed. 2 98 1856 ]^haca •' Oakes in Hovey's Mag. 7 179 1841 Var. occidentalis (Watson) Jones A. Robbinsii var. occidentalis Watson Bot. King 70 1871 occidentalis (Watson) Jones Cont. 8 17 1898 Mac junii Rydberg Fl. Mont. 243 1900 is an intergrade Atelophragma Macounii Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 660 1905 Homalobus Clementis Rydberg Torr. Bull. 31 563 1904 lancearius Gray Proc Am. Acad. 13 370 1878 No. 12 Homalobus lancearius (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 52 1913 lanocarpus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 144 1894 is Purshii latus Jones Zoe 3 287 and 4 272 1893 is lentiginosus var. Layneas Greene Bull. Cal. Acad. 3 156 1885 No. 186 A. malacus var. l,ayneie (Greene) Jones Cont. 4 29 1893 lectulus Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 22471 1887 is Purshii var- Leibergi Jones Cont. 7 663 1895 is arrectus var. Lemmoni Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 8 626 1873 No. 252 Tragacantlia Lemmoni (Gray) Kuutze Rev. Gen. 2 943 1891 lentiformis Gray Bot. Cal. i 156 1876 No. 243 Tragacantha lentiformis (Gray) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 943 189I lentiginosus Douglas in Hooker Fl. Bor. Am. i 151 1834 No. 80 Tragacantha lentiginosa (Douglas) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 943 1891 Cystium lentiginosum (Douglas) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 50 1913 Phaca lentiginosa (Douglas) Piper Fl. Wash. 368 1906 A. lentiginosus var. floribundus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 525 1865 salinus Howell Erythea i iii 1893 Var. albifolius Jones Var. Borreganus Jones Cont. 8 3 1898 Var. carinatus Jones Var. chartaceus Jones Cont. 7 673 1895 is var. diphysus Var. Coulteri fBenth.] Jones Cont. 8 4 1898 A.Coulteri Benth. PI. Hartw. 307 1848 Arthu-Schottii Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 209 1864 Tragacantha Coulteri [Benth.] Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 943 1891 Cystium Coulteri [l^enth.] Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 50 1913 Var. cuspidocarpus [Sheldon] Jones C^ont. 7 673 1895 '^ Missouriensis Var. diaphanus [Douglas] Jones Cont. 7 675 1895 A. diaphanus Douglas in Hooker Fl. Bor. Am. i 151 1834 Var. diphysus (Gray) Jones Cont. 7 673 1895 A. diphysus Gray PI. P'end. 34 1849 Var. chartaceus Jones Cont. 7 673 1895 Var. floribundus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 525 1865 is lenliginosus Var. Frenionti (T. & G.) Watson Bot. King 66 1871 A. Fremonti T. & G. Pac. R. R. Rep. 4 80 1857 Coulteri var. Fremonti (T. & G.) Jones Cont. 7 669 1895 Var. Idriensis Jones Cont. 10 63 1902 Var. ineptus (Gray) Jones A. ineptus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 5251865 Phaca inepta (Gray) Rydberg Fl. Mont. 246 1900 Cystium ineptum (Ciray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 6^9 1905 Var. latus Jones Zoe 3 387 1893 as diphysus var., and 4 272 1893 as species, and Cont. 7 675 1895 Var. MacDougali (Sheldon) Jones Cont. 7 673 1895 A. MacDougali Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 169 1894 Var. Mokiacensis (Gray) Jones A. Mokiacensis Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 13 367 1878 ursinu> Gray 1. c. Wilsoni Greene Pitt. 3 196 1897 Var. nigricalycis Jones Cont. 7 674 1895 Var. palans )ones Cont. 4 37 1893 as species and 8 4 1898 A. araneosus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 170 1894 palans var. araneosus (Sheldon) Jones Cont. 7 675 1895 Cystium araneosum (Sheldon) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 50 191 3 Var. Sierrae Jones Var. scorpionis Jones Var. Yuccanus Jones Cont. 8 3 1S98 leptaleus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 220 1864 No. 30 Phaca leptalea (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 48 191 •? pauciflora Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. N. A. i 348 1838 A. pauciflorus (Nutt.) Gray Proc. Phil. Acad. Ser. 2 7 50 1863 leptophyllus Nutt. Jour. Phil. Acad. 7 18 1834 is stenophyllus leptocarpus T. & G. Fl. N. A. i 334 1838 No. 236 Hamosa leptocarpa (T & G.) Rydberg in Small's Fl. S. E. U. S. 617, 1332 1903 macilenta Rydberg 1. c. leucocystis Greene Erythea 3 76 1895 '^ Purshii leucophyllus Hook. Jour. Bot. 6 211 1847 is airectus leucophyllus T. cV G. Fl N. A. i 336 1838 No. 71 Phaca leucophylla (T. & G.) H. & A. Bot. Beech. 333 1841 Tragacantha leucophylla (T. & G.) Kuntze Rev. (len. 2 943 1891 .■\. asymmetricus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 23 1894 leucopsis var. asymmetricus (Sheldon) Jones Cont. 10 62 1902 Var. leucophyllus (V. & G.) Jones Cont. 8 23 1898 leucopsis f r. & G.] Toir. Mex.- Bound. 56 t 16 1859 No. 73 Phaca leucopsis T. & G. Fl. N. A. i 694 1840 canescens Nutt. in T. & (]. Fl. N. A. i 351 1838 Tragacantha leucopsis [T. & C] Kuntze Rev.Gen. 2 946 1891 Var. brachypus Greene Pitt, i 23 1887 is var. fastidius Var curtipes [Gray] Jones Cont. 10 62 1902 is curtipes Var. curtus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 134 1894 is fastidius Var. fastidius [Kell.] Jones Cont 10 62 1902 Phaca fastidia Kellogg Hes])erian 4 145 i860 A. fastidiosus Greene Bull. Cal. Acad, i 186 1885 Var. leucophyllus [T. & G.] Jones Cont. 8 22 1898 is leucophyllus Var. lonchus Jones limatus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 126 1894 No 115 Lindheimeri Gray PI. \Vr. i 52 1852 No. 235 Tragacantha Lindheimeri f (jray] Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 946 1S91 Hamosa Lindheimeri [Gray] Rydberg in Small's Fl. S. E, U. S. 617, 1332 1903 A recticarpus Wood Bot Gaz 3 50 1878 lingulatus Sneldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 118 1894 is simplicifolius lonchocarpus Torn Pac. R. R. Rep. 4 80 1857 Is'o. 214 Phaca macrocarpa Oray PI. P'end. 36 1849 Homalobus macrocarpus (Gray) Rytlberg Torr. Bull. 32 667 1905 Tragacantha macrocarpa (Gray) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 946 1891 A. macer Nelson Hot. Gaz. 56 65 191 3 lotiflorus Hooker Fl. Bor. Am. i 152 1834 No. 95 Phaca lotiflora (Hooker) T. & G. Fl. N. A. i 349 1838 Tragacantha lotifiora(Hooker) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 943 1891 Van brachypus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 209 186415 lotiflorus A. elatiocarpus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 20 1894 ammolotus Greene Erythea 3 76 1895 Phaca elatiocarpa (Sheldon) Rydberg Torn Bull. 32 665 1905 Van Nebraskensis Bates Am. Nat. 29 670 1895 is var. Reverchonj A. Nebraskensis Bates Torreya 5 216 190S Var. Reverchoni (Gray) Jones Cont. 10 62 1902 A. Reverchoni Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 19 75 1883 Nebraskensis Bates Torreya 5216 1905 Batesii Nelson Bot. Gaz. 54 150 191 2 Phaca cretacea Buckley Proc. Phil. Acad. Ser. 2 5 452 1861 Reverchoni (Gray) Rydberg in Small's Fl. S. E. U. S. 619 1903 lutosus Jones Cont. 13 7 1910 No. 74 Luisianus Jones No. 247 Lyallii Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 195 1864 No. 135 Tragacantha Lyallii (Gray) Kuntze Rev. (Jen. 2 943 1891 MacDougali Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 169 1894 is lentiginosus v macer Nelson Bot. Gaz. 56 65 1913 is lonchocarpns Macounii Rydberg Fi. Mont. 243 1900 is Labradoricus van macrodon (H. & A.) Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 216 1S64 No. 61 Phaca macrodon H. & A. Bot. Beech, 333 1841 Tragacautha macrodon (H. & A.) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 943 1891 A. holosericeus Jones Cont. 7 638 1895 Madrensis Jones No 244 Magdalenae Greene Pitt, i 162 1888 No. 59 Phaca candidissima Benth. Bot. Sulph. 13 1845 A. candidissimus (Benth.) Watson Bib Index 191 1878 CrotalaricC var. Magdaienn? (Greene) [ones Com. 10 59 1902 malacus Gray Proc. ^m. Acad. 7 336 1868 No. 185 Tragacantha malaca (Gray) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 946 1891 A. obfalcatus Nelson Bot. Gaz. 54 411 1912 Var. Laynece (Greene) Jones Cont. 4 29 1393 is Lasneae malacus x Eaynese Jones Malheurensis Heller Muhl. Cat. Ed. 2 7 1900 is arrectus Matthewsii Watson Proc. Am. Acad. iS 192 1883 is Bigelovii var. megacarpus (Nutt.) Giay Proc. Am. Acad. 6 215 1864 No. 75 Phaca megacarpa Nutt. in T. Si G. Fl. N. A. i 343 1838 Tragacantha megacarpa (Nutt.) Kuutze Rev. 2 943 1891 Var. caulescens Jones Cont. 7 643 1895 '^ oophorus Van Pairyi Gray Bot. Cal. i 148 1876 Van prodigus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 136 1894 melanocarpus Nutt. Eraser's Cat. name only, Hooker Fl. Bor. Am. I 150 1834 is Missouriensis Menziesii Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6217 1864 is vestitus var. metanus Jones Cont. 7 666, 733 1895 No. 41 Mexicanus A. DC. PL Ran Gen. 4 16 t 3 1826 No 197 A. trichocalyx Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. N. A, i 332 1838 Tragacantha Mexicana (A. DC.) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 943 1891 Geoprumnon Mexicanum (A. DC.) Rydberg in Small's Fl. S. E. U. S. 616, 1332 1903 micranthus Nutt. Joun Phil. Acad. 3 122 1823 is Nuttallianus microcystis Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 220 1864 is miser microlobus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6203 1864 isparviflorus van Mi^uelensis Greene Pitt, i 33 1887 No. 58 niilitaris Jones minor [Hooker] Jones Cont. 10 64 1902 is elegans misellus Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 21 449 1886 is Howellii van miser Douglas in Hooker Fl. Bor. Am. i 153 1834 No. 32 Tragacantha misera [Douglas] Kuntze Rev. Tien. 2 949 1891 Homalobus miser [Douglas] Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 52 1913 Phaca misera [Douglas] Piper Fl. Wash. 373 1906 \l A. microcystis Gray Proc Am. Acad. 6 220 1864 Fhaca microcystis (Gray) Rydberg Fl. Mont. 245 1900 A. debilis Walp. Rep. i 710 1842 miserandrus Greene Erythea 3 76 1895 is Hornii var. Bajaensis. Th use of such an insulting name as this, evidently intended to reflect on Sheldon, suspasses the bounds of professional courtesy and common decency. Missouriensis Nutt. Gen. 2 99 1818 No. 173 Tragacantha Missouriensis (Nutt.) Kunlze Rev, 2 943 1891 Xylophacos Missouriensis (Nutt.) Rydberg in Small's FI. S. E. U. S. 620, 1332 1903 Var. cuspidocarpus (Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 149 1894 as species) Jones Xylophacos cuspidocarpus (Sheldon) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 48 1913 A. puniceus Ostcrhout Muhl. I 140 1906 Shortianus var. minor Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 21 1 1864 thermalis Greene Krythea 3 76 1895 Moencoppensis Jones Zoe 2 12 1891 No. -203 Mogollonicus Greene 1 orr. Bull. 8 97 1881 is Bigelovii Mohavensis Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 20 361 1885 No. 93 MokiacensisGray Proc. Am. Acad. 13 367 1878 is lentiginosus var. molli;.simus Torr. Ann. N. V. Lye. 2 178 1828 No. 191 Phaca villosa James Cat. 1S6 1825 A. simulans Cockerell Torreya 2 154 1902 nion'anus (Nutt.) Jones No. 16 Page 80 Kentrophyta montana Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. N. A. i 353 1838 viridis 1. c. Wolfii Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 665 1905 A. Kentrophyta Gray Proc. Phil. Acad. Sen 2 7 60 1863 viridis (Nutt) Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 118 1894 Homalobus montanus (Nutt.) Britten Fl. 2 306 1897 Wolflfi Rydberg Torr. Bull. 31 562 1904 Tragacantha montana (Nutt.) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 941 1891 Phaca viridis (Nutt.) Britton Mem. Torr. Club 5 201 1894 Var. Coloradoensis Jones A. Kentrophyta var. Coloradoensis Jones Cont. 10 63 1902 Var. impensus (Sheldon) Jones A. viridis var. impensus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 118 1894 Kentrophyta var. elatus Watson Bot. King 77 1871 Kentu)phyta impensa (Sheldon) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 665 1905 Var. rotundus Jones .•\. tegetaiius var. rotundus Jones Cont. 7 650 1895 Kentrophyta var. rotundus Jones Cont. 9 42 1898 Var. tegetaiius (Watson) Jones A. tegelarius Watson Bot. King 76 1 871 Var. implexus Canby in Porter & Coulter Fl. Col. App. 1874 aculeatus Nelson Torr. Bull. 26 10 1899 Homalobus aculeatus (Nelson) Rydberg Fl. Mont. 246 1900 tegetarius (Watson) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 31 563 1904 Kentrophyta tegetaria (Watson) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 52 1913 aculcata (Nelson) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 665 1905 Tragacantha tegetaria (Watson) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 941 1891 Var. ungulatus Jones A. Kentrophyta var. ungulatus Jones Cont. 7 650 1895 Mortoni Nutt. Jour. Phil. Acad, 7 19 1834 is Canadensis var. Tragacantha Mortoni [Nutt.] Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 946 1891 Mulfordae Jones Cont. 8 18 1898 No. 229 Onix MuHoidae [Jones] Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 51 1913 jnulticaulis Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. N. A. i 335 1838 is pubentissimus multiflorus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 226 1864 is tenellus Musiniensis Jones Cont. 7 671 1895 No. 171 Xylophacos Musiniensis [Jones] Rydberg Torr. Bull. 4049 1913 naturitensis Payson Bot. Gaz. 60 377 191 5 is desperatus JiJebraskensis Bates Torreya 5 216 1905 is lotiflorus var. neglectus (T. & G.) Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 59 1894 No. 129 Phaca neglecta '1'. & G. Fl. N. A. i 344 1838 Tragacantha neglecta (T. & G.) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 941 1891 A. Cooperi Gray Man. Ed. 2 98 1856 Neomexicanus Woolon ^if Standley Cont. Nat. Herb. 16 136 1913 No. 159 Nevinii Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 21 412 1886 No. 231 Newberryi Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 12 55 1876 No. 175 Var. castoreus Jones Cont. 7 658 1895 Var. eriocarpus (Watson) Jones Cont. 7 676 1895 is var. Watsonianus Var. Watsonianus (Kuntze) Jones Cont. 10 68 1902 Tragacantha Watsoniana Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 942 1891 A. eriocarpus Watson Bot. King 71 1871 Newberryi var. eriocarpus (Watson) Jones Cont. 7 658 1895 suturalis Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 23 1894 Candelarius Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 143 1894 and var. exiguus 1. c. Xylophacos Watsonianus (Kuntze) Rydberg Torn Bull. 4047 1913 Newberryi x Eurekensis Jones nigre.-ce.Ks Nutt. PI. Gamb. 152 1848 No. 267 Gambellianus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 21 1894 Hesperastragalus Gambellianus (Sheldon) Heller Muhl. 2 87 1905 nigrescens (Nutt.) Heller Muhl. 2 218 1906 nigrescens Gray Am. Jour. Sci. Ser. 2 ;i^ 410 1862 is tenellus nitidus Douglas in Hooker Fl. Bor. Am. i 149 1834 No. 130 not A. Laxmanni nor adsuigens. Var. robusiior (Hooker) Jones A. adsurgens Hookfer F\. Bor. Am. i 149 1834 sulphurescens Rydberg Torn Bnll. 28 36 1901 striatus Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. N. A. i 330 1838 Chandonelii l.unell Am. Mid. Nat. 2 127 1911 nothoxys Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6232 1864 No. 242 Tragacantha nothoxys (Gray) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 943 1891 Oxytropis nothoxys (Gra)) Junes Cont. 7 677 1895 Spiesia " " " " " " " Aragallus " " Heller Cat. Ed. 2 4 1897 nudisiliquus Nelson Bot. Gaz. 54410 1912 is glareosus, old pods, nudus Watson Bot. King 74 1871 is Serenoi nutans Jones No. 53 Page 108 Nuttallianus DC. Prod. '2 289 1825 No. 240 A. micranthus Nutt. Proc. Phil. Acad. 3 122 1823 Hamosa micrantha (Nutt.) Rydberg in Small's Fl. S, E. U. S. 613, 1332 1903 austrina Rydberg 1. c. Nuttalliana (UC.) 1. c. 617 subunitlorus Greene l.caflets 2 42 1910 Van canescens T. & G. Pac. R. R. Rep. 2 163 1855 is Nuttallianus Var. Cedrosensis (Vasey & Rose) Jones A. Cedrosensis Vasey & Rose Cont. Nat. Herb, i 15 1893 pertenuis Greene Leaflets 2 42 1910 Var. enneajugus Jones Cont. 8 22 1898 Var. leptocarpoides Jones 1. c. Van pumihis Gray PI. Wn i 52 1852 is var. trichocarpus Var. quadrilateralis Jones 1. c. Var trichocarpus T. & G. Fl N. A. I 334 1838 A. trichocarpus ( T. & G.) Voung Fl. Tex. 228 1S73 Oaxacanus Rose in Jones Cont. 8 9 1898 is Guatamalensis obcordatus Kll. Sketchbook 2 227 1822 No. 82 Tragacantha obcordata (Ell.) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 941 1891 Tium obcordatum (Ell.) in Small's Fl. S. E. U. S. 616, 1332 1903 A. EUiottii Dietn Syn. PI. 4 1080 1850 ohfalcatus Nelson Bot. Gaz. 54 411 1912 is nialacus oblatus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 21 1894 is Serenoi ob.NCurus Watson Bot. King 69 1871 No. 82 Tragacantha obscura [Watson] Kuntze Rev. 2 943 1891 occidentalis [WatsonJ Jnnes Cont. 8 17 1898 is Labradoricus van Olympicus Cotton Torn Bull. 35 573 1908 is Cottoni oocalycis Cont. 8 10 1898 No. 207 urceolatus Greene ined. ? oocarpus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 213 1864 No. 60 Tragacantha oocarpa (Gray) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 946 1891 A. CrotalaiiiE and crotalarioides Torr. Mex. Bound. 56 and oophorus Watson Bot. King 73 1871 No. 76 A. artipes Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 13 370 1878 megacarpus var. caulescens Jones Cont. 7 643 1895 Phaca artipes (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 664 1905 Orcuttianus Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 20 361 1885 No. 222 Var. Gregorianus Jones Cont. 10 63 1902' Oreganus Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. N. A. i 335 1838 No. 127 A. ventorum Gray Am. Nat. 8 212 1874 oreophilus Rydberg Torr. Bull. 31 561 1904 is Canadensis var. Orizalxc Seaton Proc. Am. .Acad. 28 117 1893 No. 193 oroboides var. Americanos Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 205 1864 is elegans orthanthus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 195 1864 No. 195 Tragacantha orthantha (Gray) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 946 1S91 Osterhouti Jones No. 208 Owyheensis Nelson Bot. Gaz. 55 375 1913 is atratus var. oxyphysus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 218 1864 No. 68 Tragacantha oxyphysa (Gray) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 946 1891 Phaca oxyphysa (Gray) Heller Muhl. 2 86 1906 oxyrhynchus Hemsley Bot. Cent. Am. i 265 18S0 No. 261 Tragacantha oxyrhyncha (Hems.) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 946 1891 pachy carpus T. & G. Fl. N. A. i 332 1838 is crassicarpus pachypus Greene Bull. Cal. Acad. 3 157 1885 No 112 Paciticus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 174 1894 is accidens var. Painteri Rose No. 148 palans Jones Cont. 4 37 1893 is lentiginosus \ar. Palliseri Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 227 1864 is campestris var. Tragacantha Palliseri (Gray) Kuntze Rev. 2 946 1891 Palmeri Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 7 398 1868 No. 44 Tragacantha Palmeri (Gray) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 946 1891 Palousensis Piper Bot. Gaz. 22 489 1896 is arreclus Panamintensis Sheldon in Coville's Death Val. Rep. 8y 1893 No. 140 Panguicensis Jones Cont. 10 62 1902 is aigophyllus var. Parishii Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 19 75 1883 is IJouglasii var. Parryi Gray Am. Jour. Sci. Ser. 2 33 410 1862 No. 182 Tragacantha Parryi (Gray) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 947 1 891 Xylophacos Parryi (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 662 1905 parvitlorus (Pursh) MacMillan Metasperm. 325 1892 No. 152 Dalea parviflora Pursh Fl. 474 1814 Tragacantha parviflora (Pursh) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 947 1891 Microphacos parvifiorus [PurshJ Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 ijl 1913- Psoralea parviflora (Pursh) Poir. Encyc. Supp. 4 590 1823 A. gracilis Nutt. Gen. 2 100 1818 Phaca gracilis (Nutt.) MacMillan Metasperm. 325 1892 Var. microlohus (Gray) Jones A. microlobus (.iiay Proc. Am. Acad. 6 203 1864 Tragacantha microloba (Gray) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 947 1891 Microphacos microlobus (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 663 1905 parvus Hemsley Bot. Cent. Am. 2 266 1880 No. 250 Tragacantha parva [Hemsley] Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 947 1891 Pasqualensis Jones Cont. 1087 1902 No. 13A Page 78 Pattersoni Gray in Brandegee's Rep. S. W. Col. 285 1876 No. 117 A. diphysus var. albiflorus Gray PI. Fend. 34 1849 recedens Greene ined ? Tragacantha Pattersoni [Gray] Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 947 1891 Phacopsis Pattersoni [Gray] Rydlierg Torr. Bull. 32 661 1905 Rydbergiella Pattersoni [Gray] Fedde & Sydow, Just. Bot. Jahr. 33 part I 534 1906 Var. pr.Telongus [Sheldon] Jones Cont. 10 65 1902 A. pr;eIongus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 23 1894 Rothrockii Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 174 1894 procerus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 13 369 1878 Pattersoni var. procerus [Gray] Jones Cont. 7 636 1895 Phacopsis pradongus [Sheldon] Torr. Bull. 32 661 1905 Rydbergiella praslonga [Sheldon] Fedde & Sydow, Just. Jahr. part I 33 534 1906 paucifloiLis Hooker Fl. Bor. Am. i 149 1^34 No. 31 Page 97 Tragacantha paucitlora (Hooker) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 947 1891 A. vexiliflexus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 19 1894 Homalobus vexiliflexus (Sheldon) Rydberg Fl. Mont. 249 1900 pauciflonis Giay Proc. Phil. Acad. Ser. 2 7 50 1863 is leptaleus pauperculus Greene Pitt. 3 224 1897 is Rattani Peahodianus Jones Cent. 3 295 1893 is pubentissimus pectinatus Douglas in Hooker Fl. Bor. Am. i 142 iSjo No. 104 Phaca pectinata (Douglas) Hooker Fl. Bor. Am. 1. c. 141 Tragacantha pectinata (Douglas) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 947 1891 Ctenophyllum pectiaatum (Douglas) Rydberg Torn Bull. 32 663 '05 Van plalyphyllus Jones Cont. 10 87 1902 pephragmenus Jones Cont. 5 267 1893 is argophyllus van perfenuis Greene Leaflets 2 42 1910 is Nuttallianus van Ph enicis Jones Cont. 8 12 1898 No. 189 A. intermedins Jones Cont. 7 656 1895 pictus Boiss. & (ial. Diagn. PI. On 36 55 1859 is nomen nudum pictus (iray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 214 1864 No. 54, Page 109 Dalea picta Gray PI. Fend 37 1849 Tragacantha picta (Gray) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 947 1891 A. angustus Jones Cont. 7 635 1895 Var. ceramicus (Sheldon) Jones Cont. 10 62 1902 ceramicus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 19 1894 pictus var. angustus Jones Cont. 4 37 1893 ceramicus var. Jonesii Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 19 1894 Van foliolosus (Gray) Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 138 '94 pictus van foliolosus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6215 1864 Var. filifolius Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6215 1864 A. filifolius Gray Pac. R. R. Rep. 12 42 t. i A i860 ceramicus van imperfectus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 19 angustus var. imperfectus(Sheldon) Jones Cont 10 62 1902 Var. longifolius (Pursh) Jones Cont. 7 635 1895 Psoralea longifolia Pursh Fl. 741 1814 Orobus longifolius (Puish) Nutt. Gen. 2 95 1818 Physondra longifolia (Pursh) Raf. Atl. Journ. 145 1832 Var. magnus Jones pinonis Jones Cont. 8 14 1898 No. 158 piscinus Jones Cont. 7 645 1895 is Douglasii var. Plattensis Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. N. A. i 332 1838 No. 198 Phaca Plattensis (Nutt.) MacMillan Metasperm. 325 1892 Geoprumnon Plattense (Nutt.) Rydberg in Small's Fl. S. E. U. S. 615, 1332 1903 Van Tennesseensis bray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 193 1864 platytropis L.ray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 526 1865 Tragacantha platytropis (Gray) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 947 1891 Phaca platytropis (Gray) Rydberg Fl. Mont. 246 1900 Cystium platytropis (Gray) Rydberg Torn Bull. 40 50 1913 playanus Jones Cont. 8 6 1898 is triflorus var. polaris [Seeman] Benth. in Hook. f. PI. Arct. 323 1861 No. 26, P. 88 Oxytropis polaris Seeman Voy. Herald Nam 2 24 1852 Tragacantha polaris [Seeman] Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 947 1891 Pomonensis Jones Cont. 10 59 1902 No. 56, Page no Ponau Greene Pitt, i 288 1889 is insularis var. porrectus Watson Bot. King 75 1871 No. 6, Page 62 Tragacantha porrecta (Watson) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 947 1891 prcielongus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 23 189415 Pattersoni van Preussii Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6222 1864 No. 113 Tragacantha Preussii [Gray] Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 947 1891 Phaca Preussii [Gray] Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 47 1913 Van arctus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 130 1894 is typical Var Eastwoodas Jones A. Eastwoods; Jones Cont. 6 368 1894 Phaca Eastwoodae [Jones] Rydberg Torr. 32 664 1905 A. Preussii var. sulcatus Jonss 4 37 1893 Van latus Jones Gont. 4 ;^6 1893 is nearly typical Var. laxiflorus Gray Proc. Am. Acad.' 13 369 187S Van laxispicatus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 130 1894 is var. laxiflorus Proussii var. sulcatus Jones Cont. 4 37 (1893). Easlwoodae Jones Cont. 6 368 (1894). Prindei Watson Free. Am. Acad. 21 449 (1886). No. 249 p. 276. pi-ocerus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 13 369 (1878) is A. Pattei-soni var. prselonp:us (Sheldon) Jones, procumbens Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 20 361 (1885) is A. accum- bens Sheldon, proriferus Jones Cont. 5 275 (1893) No. 40, p. 101. prunifer Rydberg Fl. Mont. 239 (1900) is A. crassicarpus Nutt. pruniformis Jones Cont. 7 660 (1895) is A. accidens var. Hender- soni (Watson) Jones, ptcrocarpus Watson Bot. King 71 (1871) No. 102, p. 147. pubentissimus T. & G. Fl. 1 693 (1840) No. 35, p. 99. multicaulis Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 335 (1838). Peabodianus Jones Cont. 3 295 (1893). Tragacantha — Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 (1891). Pueblae Jones Cont. 14 35 (1912) No. 248, p. 275. Pulr,ifGr« Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 10 69 (1874) No. 33, p. 98. Sukodorfii Howell Erythea 1 111 (1893). Tragacantha — Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 947 (1891). puniceus Osterhout Muhl. 1 140 (1906) is A. Missouriensis. Xylophr.cos — Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 662 (1905). Purpusi Jones Cont. 14 34 (1912) No. 265, p. 281. Pushii Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 152 (1834) No. 181, p. 222. Phaca mollissima Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 350 (1838). Trpgacantha — Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 917 (1891). Xylophacus Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 662 (1905). Also Heller Muhl. 2 217 (1906). Var. coccineus Parry West Am. Sci. 7 10 (1890). Nomen nudum, is A. coccineus (Parry) Brandegee. Var. interior Jones p. 222. Var. longilobus Jones Cont. 5 269 (1893) p. 223. Var. leucolobus Jones Cont. 5 270 (1893) and Cont. 10 61 (1902) p. 223. Var. Icctulus (Watson) Jones Cont. 10 61 (1902) p. 223. A. lectulus Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 22 471 (1887). Var. tinctus Jones Cont. 5 269 (1893) p. 223. Purshii x glareor.us Jones p. 221. Purshii x Nev/berryi Jones p. 216. Purr>hii x Watsonianus Jones p. 216. pychnostachyus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 257 (1864) No. 45, p. 103. Tragacantha — Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 (1891). pygmaeus (Nutt.) Jones No. 170, p. 210. Phaca pygmaea Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 349 (1838). Tragacantha — Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 941 (1891). Xylophricos Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 6G2 (1905). A. Cliamaeleuce Gray Bet. Ives 10 (1860). Var. laccoliticus Jones Cont. 7 672 (1895) as Chamaeleuce var. p. 211. ■ - . quinqueflorus Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 21 450 (1886) No. 23, p. 84. raeemosus Pursh Fl. 740 (1814) No. 208, p. 247. Tragacantha — Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 (1891). Tium— Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 659 (1905). Var. brevisetus Jones Cont. 7 662 (1895) p. 247. Var. longisetus Jones Cont. 7 663 (1895) p. 247. rasus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 158 (1894) is A. scopulorum P. & C. Rattani Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 19 75 (1883) No. 238, p. 269. pauperculus Greene Pitt. 3 224 (1897). recedens Greene Unpub.(?) is A. Pattersoni Gray, recticarpus Wood Bot. Gaz. 3 50 (1878) is A. Lindheimeri Gray. recurvus Greene Bull. Cal. Acad. 3 155 (1885) No. 141, p. 186. reflexus T. & G. Fl. N. A. 1 334 (1838) No. 266, p. 284. Tragacantha — Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 (1891). remulcus Jones Cont. 7 658 (1895) No. 169, p. 209. Var. Chloridae Jones p. 210. _ rcptarxs Willd. Hort. Berol. 2 88 (1816) No. 204, p. 191. Tragacantha — Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 (1891). rcventoides Jones Cont. 7 661 (1895) is A. terminalis var. Cnemidophacos — Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 52 (1913). reventus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 15 46 (1879) No. 115, p. 160. Cnemidophacos — Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 52 (1913). var. Canbyi Jones Cont. 8 11 (1898). Var. coRJunctus (Watson) Jones Cont. 10 61 (1902) p. 160. A. conjuntus Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 18 371 (1882). conjunctus var. Hoodianus (Howell) Jones Cont. 8 9 (1898). |A. Hoodianus Howell Erythea 1 111 (1893). A. conjunctus var. oxytropidoides Jones Cont. 7 665 (1895). E'chardsoni Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 126 (1894) is A. aboriginum. A. vaginatus Rich, in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 149 (1834). Hobb'nsii (Ockes) Gray Man. Ed. 2 98 (1856) is A. Labradoricus var. Var. Jrr^upi Eggleston & SheVion in Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 155 (1894) is A. Labradoricus DC. Var. borealis Eggleston Bot. Gaz. 20 271 (1895) is A. Labra- doricus DC. Var. occidentalis Watson Bot. King 70 (1871) is A. Labradoricus var. P.osei Jones No 150, p. 190. r.othrockii Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 174 (1894) is A. Pattersoni v?r. Eusbyi Greene Bull. Cal. Acad. 1 8 (1884) is A. strigulosus var. brevidentatus Hemsley. Var. longissimus Jones Cont. 7 662 (1895) is A. strigulosus H.B.K. sabulonum Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 13 368 (1878) No. 36, p. 99. Phaca sabulonum (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 47 (1913). pabulosus Jones Cont. 2 239 (1891) No. 114, p. 156. fnlinus Howell Erythea 1 111 (1893) is A. lentiginosus Dougl. Talmonis Jones Cont. 8 9 (1898) No. 136, p. 180. ; altonis Jones No. 258, p. 279. ecalaris Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 23 270 (1888) No. 50, p. 106. Var. quercetinus Jones d. 107. ccaphoides Jones Cont. 10 69 (1902) is A. arrectus var. rcaposus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 13 366 (1878) is A. calycosus var. ! chaffneri Jones No. 257, p. 276. (clerocarpus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 225 (1864) No. 104, p. 149. Tragacantha — Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 (1891). Phaca podocarpa Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 142 (1840). Ecobinatulus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 24 (1894) is A. Haydenianus Gray, scopulorum Porter Fl. Col. 24 (1874) No. 209, p. 247. subcompressus Gray in Brandegee Rep. 234 (1876). rasus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 158 (1894). Tium — Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 659 (1905). Tragacantha — Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 (1891). Seatoni Jones Cont. 7 676 (1895) No. 262, p. 280. Var. Crucis Jones p. 281. cecundus Mx. Fl. 2 66 (1803) is A. Labradoricus DC. fielenius Greene Erythea 3 76 (1895) is A. amphioxys Gray. K-erenoi (Kuntze) Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 130 (1894) No. 106, p. 150. Tragacantha — Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 941 (1891). nudus Watson Bot. King 74 (1871). oblatus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 19 (1894). sericoleucus Gray Am. Jour. Sci. Series 2 33 410 (1862) No. 21, p 83 Phaca sericea Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 343 (1838). Orophaca sericea (Nutt.) Britton & Brown Fl. 2 307 (1897). Tragacantha — Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 942 (1891). Phaca trifoliata Nutt. MS. Var. aretioides Jones Cont. 8 13 (1898) p. 84. Orophaca — Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 668 (1905). \ -I Var. tridactvlicus (Gray) Jones Cont. 10 69 (1902) p. 84. A. tridactylicus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 527 (1865). Orophaca — Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 668 (1905). Tragacantha — Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 (1891). Phrca digitata Torr. Frem. Rep. 89 (1845). serotinus Gray Pac. R. R. Rep. 12 18 51 t. 5 (1860) is A. campes- tris var. Tragacantha — Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 (1891). fesquiflorus Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 10 346 (1875) No 18, p. 82. Phaca — Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 48 (1913). serpens Jones Cont. 7 641, 644 (1895) No. 52, p. 108. Phpca— Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 47 (1913). Chearis Rydberg Torr. Bull. 31 562 (1904) is A. elegans (Hook.) Sheldon. Atelophragma — Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 660 (1905). Shockleyi Jones Cont. 7 659 (1895) is A. Serenoi (Kuntze) Sheldon. Shortianus Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 331 (1838) No. 166, p. 205. Tragacantha — Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 944 (1891). Xylophacos Rydberg in Small Fl. S. E. U. S. 1332 (1903). iodopetalus Greene in Herb, humilis Geyer Lond. Jour. Bot. 6 211 (1847). Var. cyaneus (Gray) Jones Cont. 8 5 (1898) and 10 65 (1902) p. 206. A. cyaneus Gray PI. Fend. 34 (1849). Shortianus var. minor Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 211 (1864) in part. Var. minor Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 211 (1864) in part is A. Mis- souriensis Nutt. Sileranus Jones Zoe 2 242 (1891) No. 160 p. 196. Phaca — Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 47 (1913). Var. cariacus Jones Cont. 7 642 (1895) p. 197. simplicitolius (Nutt.) Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 231 (1864) No. 14, p. 78. Phaca — Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 350 (1838). Tragacantha — Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 (1891). Homaiobus — Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 52 (1913). uniflorus Rydberg Torr. Bull. 34 49 (1907). brachycarpus Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 352 (1838). canescens Nutt. 1. c. Var. caecpitosus (Nutt.) Jones Cont. 7 647 (1895) p. 79, Homaiobus caespitosus Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 352 (1838). Var. spatulatus (Sheldon) Jones Cont. 7 65 (1912). A. spatulatus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 22 (1894). caespitosus (Nutt.) Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 230 (1864). Tragacantha caespitosa Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 943 (1891). Homaiobus canescens Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 352 (1838). A. lingulatus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 118 (1894). Var. spatulatus (Sheldon) Jones Cont. 10 65 (1902). See above. Is var. caespitosus. A. spatulatus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 22 (1894). simplicifolius var. spatulatus (Sheldon) Jones Cont. 7 647 (1895). Homaiobus lingulatus (Sheldon) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 52 (1913). simulans Cockorell Torreya 2 154 (1902) is A. mollissimus Tor. sinuatus Piper Torr. Bull. 28 40 (1901) is A. Gibbsii Kell. Sonorae Gray PI. Wr. 2 44 (1853) is A. humistratus var. Sonneanus Greene Pitt. 3 186 (1897) is A. Hookerianus T. & G. sophoroides Jones Zoe 2 12 (1891) No 200, p. 240. Spaldingii Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 524 (1865). A. Chaetodon Torr. 1. c. Phaca Spaldingii (Gray) Piper Fl. Wash. 370 (1906), yv Tragacantha — Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 (1891). sparsiflorus Gray Proc. Phil. Acad. Ser. 2 7 60 (1863), PI. Hall & Harbour No. 128, name only. Proc. Am. Acad. 6 205 (1864). Tragacantha — Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 (1891). Tium — Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 660 (1905). varieg-atum Rydberg Torr. Bull. 34 48 (1907). Var. majusculus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 206 (1864) p. 130. Var. major Gray JProc. Phil. Acad. Ser. 2 7 60 (1863), name only, spatulatus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 22 (1894) is A. simplicifolius var. speirocarpus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 225 (1864) No. 95, p. 141. Phaca speirocarpa (Gray) Piper Fl. Wash. 370 (1906). A. Whitedi Piper Torr. Bull. 20 (1902). Var. falciformis Gray Bot. Cal. 1 152 (1876) is A. Gibbsii var. curvicarpus. Var. curvicarpus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 126 (1894) is A. Gibbsii. var. curvicarpus (Sheldon) Jones, spicatus Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 336 (1838) is A. Canadensis var. Mortoni. stenophyllus T. & G. Fl. 1 329 (1838) No. 4 p. 71. Tragacantha — Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 (18S1). Phaca— Piper Fl. Wash. 371 (1906). •Homalobus — Rydberg Fl. Mont. 249 (1900). filipes (Torr.) Heller Muhl. 9 67 (1913). A. leptophyllus Nutt. Jour. Phil. Acad. 7 18 (1834). filipes Torr. Bot. Wilkes 278 (1854). stipularis Jones Cont. 7 655 (1895) is A. desperatus Jones. straturensis Jones Cont. 8 19 (1898) No. 142 p. 186. Hamosa atratiformis Rydberg Torr. Bull. 34 48 (1907). streptopus Greene Bull. Cal. Acad. 3 155 (1885) is A. acutirostris Watson, striatiflorus Jones Cont. 7 643 (1895) is A. Sileranus Jones. striatus Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 330 (1838) is A. nitidus var. robustior. strigosus (Kell.) Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 24 (1894) is A. tener Gray, str'gosus Coulter & Fisher Bot. Gaz. 18 299 (1893) is A. campestris var. strigulosus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6 494 (1824) No. 143, p. 186. Tragacantha — Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 948 (1891). A. Rusbyi var. longissimus Jones Cont. 7 662 (1895). Var. gracilis Hemsley Bot. Cent. Am. 1 266 (1880) p. 187. Var. brevidentatus Hemsley Bot. Cent. Am. 1 266 (1880) p. 187. A. Rusbyi Greene Bull. Cal. Acad. 1 8 (1884). altus Wooton & Standlcy Cont. Nat. Herb 16 36 (1913). subcinereus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 13 366 (1878) No. 49, p. 106. Phaca subcinerea (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 47 (1913). A. Wootoni Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 138 (1894). subcompressus Gray in Brandegee Rep. Col. 234 (1876) is A. scopu- lorum. subuniflorus Greene Leaflets 2 42 (1910) is A. Nuttallianus DC. nucculentus Rich, in Frankl. Jour. Supp. 18 (1823) is A. crassicarpus. Geoprumnon succulentum (Rich.) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 658 (1905). GUGCumbens Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Eor. Am. 1 151 (1834) No. 187, p. 228. A. dorycnioides Dougl. in G. Don Gard Diet. 2 258 (1834). sulphurescoiis Rydberg Torr. Bull. 26 36 (1901) is A. nitidus var. Suksdorfii Hov/ell Erylhea 1 111 (1893) is A. Pulsifera; Gray, supervacancus Gr?ene Erythea 1 221 (1893) is A. Bolanderi Gray. suturalis Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 23 (1894) is A Newberryi var. sylvaticus Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 23 262 (1888) No 226, p. 261. A. umbraticus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 23 (1894). syrticolus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 22 (1894) is A. Bigelovii var. Tarletonis Rydberg Bull. N. Y. Card. 2 175 (1901) is A. agrestis Dougl. tegetarioides Jones Cont. 10 66 (1902) No. 22, p. 84. tegetarius Watson Bot. King 76 (1871) is A. montanus var. var. imploxus Canby in Porter & Coulter Fl. Col. App. (1874) is A. montanus var. var. rotundus Jones Cont. 650 (1895) is A. montanus var. ro- tundus. Tejonensis Jones Cont. 7 044 (1895) is A. Douglasii var. Tejonensis Jones, tenellus Pursh Fl. 473 (1814) No. 2, p. 69. Tragacanlha— Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 (1891). Homalobus— Britton Br. & Br. Fl. 2 305 (1897). multiflorus (Pursh) T. & G. Fl. 1 351 (1838). dispar Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 350 (1838). Ervum nuiltiflorum Pursh Fl. 739 (1814). Orobus dispar Nutt. Gen. 2 95 (1818). Physondra dispar (Nutt.) Raf. Atl. Jour. 145 (1832). Phaca nigrescens Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 143 (1830). A. multiflorus (Pursh) Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 226 (1864). nigrescens (Hook.) Gray Am. Jour. Sci. Ser. 2 33 410 (1862). toner Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 206 (1864) No. 237, p. 268. A. Hypodottis var. strigosus Kell. Proc. Cal. Acad. 2 115 (1863). str,gosu3 (Kell.) Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 24 (1894). Titi Eastwood Torr. Bull. 32 195 (1905). Var. Brucai Jones p. 268. Var. rattanoides Jones p. 208. Ten.icsseensiG Gray in Chapman Fl. 98 (1860) No. 199, p. 238. Plattensis var. Tennesseensis Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 193 (1864). Tragacantha— Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 (1891). Geoprumnon Tennesseense (Gray) Rydberg in Small Fl. S. E. States 016 1332 (1903). tephrodes Gray PI. Wr. 2 45 (1853) No. 165, p. 205. tepicus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 172 (1894) is A. ervoides H. & A. terminalis Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 17 370 (1882) No. 122, p. 167. Var. rcventoides Jones p. 167. A. reventoides Jones Cont. 7 661 (1895). Cnemidophacos reventoides (Jones) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 52 (1913). tetrapterus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 13 369 (1878) No. 103, p. 148. Var. Capricornus Jones p. 149. Texanus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 65, 141, 175 (1894) is A. gi- ganteus. thermalis Greene Erythea 3 76 (1895) is A. Missouriensis Nutt. Thompsonae Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 10 345 (1875) is A. Bigelovii var. Thurberi Gr. PI. Thurber 312 (1855). No. 43, p. 102. Tragacantha — Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 948 (1891). Titi Eastwood Torr. Bull. 32 195 (1905) is A. tener Gray. Toanus Jones Cont. 3 296 (1893) No. 97 p. 145. Tolucanus Rob. & Seaton Proc. Am. Acad. 28 104 (1893) No. 143, p. 190. Traskise Eastwood Proc. Cal. Acad. 3 102 fig. (1899) No. 232, p. 264. tricarinatus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 12 56 (1876) No. 221, p. 258. ' trichocalvx Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 322 (1838) is A. Mexicanus A. DC. trichocarpus (T. & G.) Young in Fl. Tex. 228 (1873) is A. Nuttal- lianus. Tragacantha trichocarpa (T. & G.) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 (1891). trichopodus (Nutt.) Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 ^18 (1864) No. 69, p. 116. Phaca trichopoda Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 343 (1838). tridactylicus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 527 (1865) is A. sericoleucus var. triflorus (DC.) Gray P. Wr. 2 45 (1853) No. 48, p. 104. Phaca triflora DC. Ast. 50 t. 1 (1802). DeCandolleana H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6 495 t. 586 (1824). cerussata (Sheldon) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 665 (1905). A. DeCandolleanus (H. B. K.) Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 140 (1894). cerussatus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 139 (1894). Var. Candolleanus (H. B. K.) Jones Cont. 7 637 (1895) is typical. Var. insularis (Kell.) Jones Cont. 7 637 (1895) is A. insularis Kell. Var. playanus Jones p. 106. A. playanus Jones Cont. 8 6 (1898). triphyllus Pursh Fl. 740 (1814) No. 24, p. 86. Tragacantha — Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 (1891). Phaca triphylla (Pursh) Eaton & Wr. N. A. Bot. Ed. 8 351 (1840). caespitosa Nutt. Gen. 2 98 (1818). argophylla Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 342 (1838). Orophaca caespitosa (Nutt.) Br. & Br. Fl. 2 306 (1897). A. gilviflorus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 21 (1894). triquetrus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 13 367 (1878) No. 78, p. 122. A. Geyeri var. triquetrus (Gr.) Jones Cont. 8 7 (1898). tristis Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 336 (1838) is A. Canadensis var. Mor- toni. troglodytus Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 20 362 (1885) No. 204, p. 242. Tweedyi Canby Bot. Gaz. 15 150 (1890) No. 92, p. 140. Uintensis Jones Cont. 7 670 1895) is A. argophyllus Nutt. umbraticus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 23 (1894) is A. sylvaticus Watson, urceolatus Greene MS. is A. oocalycis Jones, ursinus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 13 367 (1898) is A. lentiginosus var. Mokiacensis (Gray) Jones. Utahensis (Torr.) T. & G. Pac. R. R. Rep. 2 120 (1855) No. 179, p. 228. Tragacantha — Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 (1891). Phaca mollissima var, Utahensis Torr. Stansb. Rep. 385 t. 2 (1853). Zylophacos Utahensis (Torr.) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 49 (1913). vaccarum Gray PI. Wr. 2 43 (1853) No. 259, p. 279. Tragacantha— Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 (1891). A. Daleae Greene Pitt. 1 153 (1887). vaginatus Rich, in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 149 (1834) is A. Richard- soni. Tragacantha — Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 (1891). vallaris Jones Cont. 10 59 (1902) No. 119, p. 163. Vaseyi Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 17 370 (1882) No. 42, p. 102. ventorum Gray Am. Nat. 8 212 (1874) is A. Oreganus Nutt. Tragacantha ventorum (Gray) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 (1891). vcspertinus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 150 (1894) is A. amphioxys var. vcst:tus (Eenth.) Watson Bib. Index 202 (1878) No. 55, p. 110. Phaca vestita Benth. Bot. Sulph. 13 (1844). Tragacantha — Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 (1891). ^ A. anemophilus Greene Bull. Cal. Acad. 4 186 (1885). Var. Frar.ciscanus (Sheldon) Jones p. 110. A. Franciscanus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 133 (1894). Var. longulus 1. c. Same. A. Crotalariae var. virgatus Gray Bot. Cal. 1 149 (1876). 03 Phaca Franciscana -(Sheldon) Heller Muhl. 2 217 (1906). Var. Menziesii (Gray) Jones p. 110. A. Menziesii (jray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 217 (1864). densifolius (Sm.) Torr. Pac. R. R. Rep. 7 10 (1856). Phaca densifolia Smith in Rees Cycl. 27 No. 9 (1817). Nuttallii T. & G. Fl. 1 343 (1838). inflata Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 343 (1838). Tragacantha Nuttallii (T. & G.) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 (1891). vexillifiexus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 21 (1894) is A. pauciflorus. villosus Mx. Fl. 2 67 (1803) No. 81, p. 129. Phaca villosa Nutt. Gen. 2 97 (1818). TraKacantha villosa (Mx.) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 949 (1891). A. intonsus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 23 (1894). Tium intonsum (Sheldon) Rydberg in Small Fl. 619 1332 (1903). Virgineus Sheldon in Coville Death Val. Rep. 88 (1893) is A. sabu- lonum Gr. virgultulus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 165 (1894) is A. agrestis var. viridis (Nutt.) Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 118 (1894) is A. mon- tanus. Var. impensus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 118 (1894) is A. mon- tanus var. Wnrdi Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 12 55 (1876) No. 51 p. 107. Phaca Wardi (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 47 (1913). Watsoni Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 23 (1894) is A. accidens var. Watsonianus (Kuntze) Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 143 (1894) is A. Newberryi var. Webberi Gray Bot. Cal. 1 154 (1876) No. 161, p. 202. Tragacantha Webberi (Gray) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 (1891). Wetherilli Jones Cont. 4 34 (1893) No. 64, p. 114. Phaca Wetherilli (Jones) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 665 (1905). Whitedi Piper Torr. Bull. 29 224 (1902) is A. speirocarpus Gray. Whitneyi Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 6 526 (1865) is A. Hookerianus var. Var. pinonis Elmer Bot. Gaz. 39 54 (1905) is A. Hookerianus var. Tragacantha Whitneyi (Gray) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 (1891). • Phaca Whitneyi (Gray) Heller Muhl. 9 67 (1913). Wilsoni Greene Pitt. 3 196 (1897) is A. lentiginosus var. Mo- kiacensis. Wingatensis Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 18 192 (1883) No 1, p. 69, Homalobus Wingatensis (Watson) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 31 563 (1904), also Heller Muhl. 1 145 (1906). Var. Dodgeanus Jones p. 69. A. Dodgeanus Jones Cont. 3 289 (1893). Homalobus Dodgeanus (Jones) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 52 (1913). accrbus (Sheldon) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 666 (1905). A. acerbus Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 123 (1894). Homalobus proximus Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 667 (1905). Williamsii Rydberg Bull. N. Y. Gard. 2 175 (1901). Woodruffi No. 13, p. 77. Wootoni Sheldon Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 138 (1894) is A. subcinereus Gray. Wr.-ghtii Gray PI. Lindheimer 176 (1850) No. 239, p. 269. Tragacantha Wrightii (Gray) Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 (1891). Yaquianus Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 23 270 (1888) is A. giganteus var. Yukonis Jones No. 28, p. 89. Zionis Jones Cont. 7 652 (1895) No. 168, p. 208. Xylophacos Zionis (Jones) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 48 (1913). D-4 Atelophragma Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 660 (1905) p. 15. aboriginum (Rich.) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 660 (1905) is A. aborieinum. Arthur! (Jones) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 51 (1913) is A. Arthuri Jones. Brandegei (Porter) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 660 (1905) is A. Brandegei. elegans (Hook.) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 660 (1905) is A. elegans. Forwoodi (Watson) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 51 (1913) is A. aborig- inum var. glabriusculum (Hook.) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 660 (1905) is A. aboriginum var. Ibapense (Jones) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 51 (1913) is A. Ibapensis. lineare Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 51 (1913) is A. aboriginum Rich. Macounii Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 660 (1905) is A. Labradoricus var. Shearis Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 660 (1905) is A. elegans. Atrati pp. 12, 179. Barriers p. 41. Bisulcati pp. 11, 243. Blue Mountains p. 46. British America p. 47. Bucerates p. 8. Californian Valley Region p. 40. Caprini p. 8. Carnosocarpus p. 14. Cascade-Olympics p. 47. Catalinas p. 49. Ch£etodontes pp. 9, 172. Christiani p. 8. Chronopoidii p. 8. Ciceroideje p. 8. Clavocarpus p. 13. Cnemidophr.cos Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 663 (1905) p. 15. argillosus (Jones) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 52 (1913) is A. ar- gillosus. confertiflorus (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 52 (1913) is A. con- fertiflorus Gray, flavus (Nutt.) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 664 (1905) is A. conferti- florus Gray. reventoides (Jones) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 52 (1913) is A. ter- minalis var. reventus (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 52 (1913) is A. reventus. Collini pp. 11, 139. Colorado-Yellowstone region p. 46. Color of Flowers p. 57. Columbia Basin pp. 37, 39, 43. Corrections p. 288. Ctenophyllum Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 663 (1905) p. 16. Grayi (Pnrry) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 50 (1913) is A. Grayi Parry. pectinatus (Hook.) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 663 (1905) is A. pec- tinatus. Cystium Stev. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 4 268 (1832) p. 16. araneosum (Sheldon) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 50 (1913) is A. lentiginosus var. Eoiseanum (Nelson) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 50 (1913) is A. ar- rectus var. Coulteri (Benth.) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 50 (1913) is A. len- tiginosus var. diphysum (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 659 (1905) is A. lentig- inosus var. ineptum (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 659 (1905). Republished ^^ lentiginosum (Dougl.) Ryd. Torr. Bull. 40 50 (1913) is A, len- tiginosus. 40 50 (1913) is A. lentiginosus var. platytropis (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 50 (1913) is A. platy- tropis Gr. Death Valley Region p. 53. Debiles p. 87. DeCandolle's Revision p. 8. Didymocarpi pp. 9, 283. Diholcos Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 G64 (1905) p. 16. bisulcatus (Hook.) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 664 (1905) is A. bisul- catus. decalvans (Gandoger) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 664 (1905) is A. bisulcatus. Haydenianus (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 664 (1905) is A. Haydenianus. scobinatulus (Sheldon) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 51 (1913) is A. Haydenianus. Diphysi p. 9. Dispermus p. 14. Dissitiflori p. 8. • , Eastern and Atlantic Region pp. 37, 39. Eastern Great Basin Region pp. 38, 39, 44. East Humboldt Region p. 46. Ecology p. 28. Effects of Ecological Factors p. 55. Eremiticus p. 14. Eriocarpi p. 11. Euastragalus p. 13. Famelicus p. 13. Flexuosi pp. 11, 192. Galegiformes pp. 8, 10, 246. Generic Segragation p. 15. Genetic Relationship p. 27. Gila Region p. 54. Geoprumnon Rydberg, Small's Flora S. E. U. S. 616 (1903) p. 16. crassicarpum (Nutt.) Rydberg in Small's Fl. S. E. U. S. 616 (1903) is A. crassicarpus. Mexicanum (DC.) Rydberg in Small's Fl. S. E. U. S. 616 (1903) is A. Mexicanus. pachycarpum (T. & G.) Rydberg in Small's Fl. S. E. U. S. 616 (1903) is A. crassicarpus. Plattense (Nutt.) Rydberg in Small's Fl. S. E. U. S. 015 (1903) is A. Plattensis. succulcntum (Rich.) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 658 (1905) is A. crassicarpus. Tennessecnse (Gray) Rydberg in Small's Fl. S. E. U. S. 616 (1903) is A. Tcnncsseensis. Green River Basin pp. 39, 43. Group Details p. IS. Hamosa Medic in Vorles Churpf. Phys. Ges. 2 376 (1787). atrata (Watson) Rydbeg Torr. Bull. 34 48 (1907) is A. atratus. austrina Rydberg in Small's Fl. S. E. U. S. 618, 1232 (1903) is A. Nuttallianus. atratiformis Rydberg Torr. Bull. 34 48 (1907) is A. straturensis Jones, calycosa (Torr.) Rydberg Ton-. Bull. 40 50 (1913) is A. calycosus. leptocarpa (T. & G.) Rydberg in Small's Fl. S. E. J. S. 017 (I'JO ,') is A. leptocarpus. Lindheimeri (Eng.) Rydberg in Fmall's Fl. S. E. U. S. 017 (11)0 ]) is A. Lindheimeri. macilenta Rydberg in Small's Fl. S. E. U. S. 617 (1903) is A. leptocarpus. Nuttalliana (DC.) Rydberg in Small's Fl. S. E. U. S. 618 (1903) is A Nuttallianus. scaposa (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 659 (1905) is A. calycosus var. Hamosi p. 253. Hesperastragalus Heller Muhl. 2 86 (1906). compactus Heller Muhl. 2 218 (1906) is A. dispermus. didymocarpus (H. & A.) Heller Muhl. 2 87 (1905) is A. didymo- carpus. Gambellianus (Sheldon) Heller Muhl. 2 87 (1905) is A. nigrescens. Homalobi pp. 11, 18, 65. Homalobus Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 353 (1838). aboriginorum (Rich.) Rydberg Fl. Mont. 246 (1900) is A. aborig- inum. aboriginum (Rich.) Rydberg in Britton's Man. 554 (1901) is A. aboriginum. acerbus (Sheldon) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 666 (1905) is A. Dod- geanus. aculeatus (Nelson) Rydberg Fl. Mont. 249 (1900) is A, m«ntanus var. Bourgovii (Gray) Rydberg Fl. Mont. 247 (1900) is A. Bourgovii. Californicus (Gray) Heller Muhl. 2 86 (1905) is A. Californicus. brachycarpus Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 352 (1838) is A. simplicifo- lius var. caespitosus Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 352 (1838) is A. simplicifolius var. campestris Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 351 (1838) is A. campestris. camporum Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 666 (1905) is A. campestris. canescens Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 352 (1838) is A. simplicifolius var. Clementis Rydberg Torr. Bull. 31 563 (1904) is A. Labradoricus var. collinus (Dougl.) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 53 (1913) is A. collinus. curvicarpus (Sheldon) Heller Muhl. 2 86 (1905) is A. Missouri- ensis. dcbilis (Nutt.) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 53 (1913) is A. debilis. decumbcns (Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 352 (1838) is A. campestris var. decumbens (Nutt.) in T. & G. Fl. 1 352 (1838) is A. campestris decurrens Rydberg Torr. Bull. 31 563 (1904) is A. campestris var. dispar Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 350 (1838) is A. tenellus. divergens (Blankenship) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 34 417 (1907) is A. campestris var. Dodgeanus (Jones) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 52 (1913) is A. Winga- tensis var. Episcopus (Watson) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 53 (1913) is A. Epis- copus. exilifolius (Nelson) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 52 (1913) is A. sim- plicifolius var. Fendleri (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 667 (1905) is A. flexuosus var. filipes (Torr.) Heller Muhl. 2 86 (1906) is A. stenophyllus. grallator (Watson) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 666 (1905) is A. Hay- denianus. flexuosus (Hook.) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 666 (1905) is A. flexu- osus. Hallii (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 667 (1905) is A. gracilentus var. hylophilus Rydberg F. Mont. 247 (1900) is A. campestris var. junceus Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 351 (1838) is A. junceus. junciformis (Nelson) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 666 (1905) is junceus var. lancearius (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 52 (1913) is A. lance- arius. lingulatus (Sheldon) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 52 (1913) is A. sim- plicifolius. a? macrocarpus (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 667 (1905) is A. lonchocarpus. miser (Dougl.) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 .52 (1913) is A. miser, montanus (Nutt.) Britton & Br. Fl. 2 306 (1897) is A. montanus. multiflorus (Pursh) Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 3.51 (1838) is A. tenellus. nitrrescens Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 351 (1838) is A. tenellus. oblongifolius Rydberg Torr. Bull. 34 50 (1907) is A. campestris. orthocarpus Nutt. in T. & G. F\. 1 351 (1838) is A. junceus var. Palliseri (Gray) Rydberg Fl. Mont. 248 (1900) is A. campestris var. proximiis Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 667 (1905) is A. Wingatensis var. Salidae Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 667 (1905) is A. campestris. serotinus (Gray) Rydberg Fl. Mont. 248 (1900) is A. campestris var. simplicifolius (Nutt.) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 52 (1913) is A. sim- plicifolius. stenophyllus (T. & G.) Rydberg Fl. Mont. 249 (1900) is A. steno- phyllus. strigosus (C. & F.) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 53 (1913) is A. cam- pestris var. tenellus (Pursh) Britton & Br. Fl. 2 305 (1897) is A. tenellus. ■ tenuifolius Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 352 (1838) is A. campestris var. vexiliflexus (Sheldon) Rydberg Fl. Mont. 249 (1900) is A. pauci- florus. Wingatensis (Watson) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 31 563 (1904) is A. Wingatensis. Wolfii Rydberg Torr. Bull. 31 562 (1904) is A. montanus. Hypoglottidei p. 8. Hypoglottidens p. 14. Hypoglottides p. 109. Incani p. 8. Inflati pp. 11, 91. Jonesiella Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 661 (1905). asclepiadoides (Jones) Torr. Bull. 32 661 (1905) is A. asclepia- doidcs. Kcntrophyta Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 353 (1838) p. 16. aculcata (Nelson) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 665 (1905) is A. mon- tanus var. impcnsa (Sheldon) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 665 (1905) is A. mon- tanus var. montana Nutt. in T.' & G. Fl. 1 353 (1838) is A. montanus. tcgetaria (Watson) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 52 (1913) is A. mon- tanus var. viridis Nutt. in T.. & G. Fl. 1 353 (1838) is A. montanus. Wolfii Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 665 (1905) is A. montanus var. Key to Groups p. 61. Lanocarpus p. 13. Leptocarpi p. 12. Life Zones p. 30. Local Floras p. 41. Lonchocarpi pp. 11, 250. Lotiflori pp. 10, 175. Lower Temperate Life Zone, pp. 31, 38, 50, 51, 52. Malaci p. 225. Mexican Plateau pp. 38, 39, 40, 44. Micranthi, pp. 9, 272. Microcystei p. 11. Microphacos Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 663 (1905) p. 16. gracilis (Nutt.) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 GG'A (1905) is A. parvi- florus. microlobus (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 663 (1905) is A. par- viflorus. ^S parviflorus (Pursh) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 51 (I'Jlo) is A. par- viflorus. Microlobi p. 14. Middle Temperate Life Zone pp. 31, 34, 48. Mog-ollon Region pp. 38, 4G. Mojave-Colorado Region p. 44. Mojave Region p. 40. Mollissimi pp. 9, 230. Montana-Idaho-Wyoming Region p. 37. Morphology p. 4. Navajo Basin p. 41. New England Region p. 47. New Mexican Region p. 47. Nomenclature p. 59. Northern Plains Region p. 43. Ocreati pp. 10, 239. Ochroleuci p. 8. Onix Medic, in Vorles Churpf. Phys. Ges. 2 378 (1787). Mulfordse (Jones) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 51 (1913) is A. Mul- fordas. Onobrychoidei, pp. 8, 9. Onobrychoides p. 10. Oocarpi p. 11. Oregon-Washington-Coast Region p. 44. Oroboidei p. 10. Orophaca Britton in Br. & Br. Fl. 2 306 (1897). aretioides (Jones) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 668 (1905) is A. se- ricoleucus var. caespitosa (Nutt.) Britton in Br. & Br. Fl. 2 306 (1897) is A. triphyllus. sericea (Nutt.) Britton in Br. & Br. Fl. 2 307 (1897) is A. se- ricoleucus. tridactylica (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 668 (1905) is A. se- ricoleucus var. Pacific Coast Region p. 41. Pacific Slope Region p. 41. Pachyphyllus p. 14. Pectinati p. 11. Phaca L. p. 11. aboriginum (Rich.) Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 143 (1830) is A. aborig- inum. adsurgens (Pail.) Piper Fl. Wash. 372 (1906) is A. adsurgens. agrestis (Dougl.) Piper Fl. Wash. 372 (1906) is A. agrestis. alpina (L.) Piper Fl. Wash. 371 (1906) is A. Andinus Nutt. alpina L. 755 (1753) is A. alpinus Sheldon. ampuilaria (Watson) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 47 (1913) is A. ampuUarius. Andina Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 345 (1838) is A. Andinus. annua Geyer Lond. Jour. Bot. 6 213 (1847) is A. Geyeri. argophylla Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 342 (1838) is A. triphyllus. arrecta (Gray) Piper Fl. Wash. 370 (1906) is A. arrectus. Artemisiarum (Jones) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 48 (1913) is A. Beckwithii. artipes (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 664 (1905) is A. oophorus. astragalina DC. Ast. 52 (1802) is A. Andinus. Beckwithii (T. & G.) Piper Fl. Wash. 371 (1906) is A. Beckwithii. bisulcata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 145 (1834) is A. bisulcatus. Bodini (Sheldon) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 665 (1905) is A. debilis. brachycarpa (Nutt.) Britton Mem. Torr. Club 5 200 (1894) is A. simplicifolius. caespitosa Nutt. Gen. 2 98 (1818) is A. triphyllus. Canadensis (L.) MacMillan Metasperm. 325 (1892) is A. Cana- densis. ^ candidissima Benth. Bot. Sulph. 13 (1845) is A. Magdalen». CanDolleana H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6 495 (1824) is A. triflorus. canescens Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 343 (1838) is A. leucopsis, caryocarpa (Ker) MacMillan Metasperm. 326 (1892) is A. cras- sicarpus. cerussata (Sheldon) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 665 (1905) is A. trifloi'us. collina (Dougl.) Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 141 (1830) is A. collinus. conjuncta (Wat.) Piper Fl. Wash. 373 (1906) is A. reventus var. convallaria (Greene) Piper Fl. Wash. 373 (1906) is A. campestris. cretacea Buckley Proc. Phil. Acad. Ser. 2 5 452 (1862) is A. Mis- souriensis. Crotalariae Benth. PI. Hartw. 307 (1848) is A. Crotalariae. Cusickii (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 47 (1913) is A. Cusickii. debilis Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 345 (1838) is A. debilis. decumbens (Nutt.) Piper Fl. Wash. 373 (1906) is A. campestris. densifolia Smith in Rees Cycl. 27 No. 9 (1817) is A. vestitus var. digitata Torr. Frem. Rep. 89 (1845) is A. sericoleucus var, Douglasii T. & G. Fl. 1 346 (1838) is A. Douglasii. Eastwoodae (Jones) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 664 (1905) is A. Preussii var. elatiocarpa (Sheldon) Rydberg Tor. Bull. 32 665 (1905) is A. lotiflorus. elegans Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 144 (1830) is A. elegans. elongata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 140 (1830) is A. flexuosus. fastidia Kellogg Hesperian 4 145 (1860) is A. leucopsis var. Fendleri Gray PI. Fend. 36 (1849) is A. flexuosus var. flexuosa Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 141 (1830) is A. flexuosus. Franciscana (Sheldon) Heller Muhl. 2 217 (1906) is A. vestitus var. glabriuscula Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 144 (1830) is A. aboriginum var. glareosa (Dougl.) Piper Fl. Wash. 369 (1906) is A. glareosus. gracilenta Gray PI. Fend. 36 (1849) is A. gracilentus. gracilis (Nutt.) MacMillan Metasperm. 325 (1892) is A, parvi- florus. Hoodiana (Howell) Piper Fl. Wash. 373 (1906) is A. reventus var. Hookeriana T. & G. Fl. 1 693 (1840) is A. Hookerianus. humillima (Watson) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 665 (1905) is A. hu- millimus. Hypoglottis (L.) MacMillan Metasperm. 324 (1892) is A. Hypo- glottis, inepta (Gray) Rydberg Fl. Mont. 246 (1900) is A. lentiginosus. inflexa (Dougl.) Piper Fl. Wash. 369 (1906) is A. inflexus. jejuna (Watson) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 48 (1913) is A. jejunua. lentiginosa (Dougl.) Piper Fl. Wash. 368 (1906) is A. lentiginosus. leptalea (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 48 (1913) is A. leptaleus. leucoloba (Jones) Heller Muhl. 2 85 (1905) is A. Purshii var. leucophylla (T. & G.) H. & A. Bot. Beech. 333 (1841) is A. leuco- phyllus. leucopsis T. & G. Fl. 1 694 (1840) is A. leucopsis. jongifolia (Pursh) Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 346 (1838) is A. pictus. lotiflora (Hook.) T. & G. Fl. 1 349 (1838) is A. lotiflorus. Lyallii (Gray) Piper Fl. Wash. 370 (1906) is A. Lyallii. macrocarpa Gray PI. Fend 36 (1849) is A. lonchocarpus. macrodon H. & A. Bot. Beech. 333 (1841) is A. macrodon. megacarpa Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 343 (1838) is A. megacerpus. microcystis (Gray) Rydberg Fl. Mont. 245 (1900) is A. miser, misella (Watson) Piper Fl. Wash. 371 (1906) is A. Howellii var. misera (Dougl.) Piper Fl. Wash. 373 (1906) is A. miser, mollis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6 494 (1824) is A. Humboldtii. mollissima Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 350 (1838) is A. Purshii. Mortoni (Nutt.) Piper Fl. Wash. 372 (1906) is A. Canadensis var. neglecta T. & G. Fl. 1 344 (1838) is A. neglectus. nigrcscens Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 143 (18:50) is A. tcncllus, Nuttallii T. & G. Fl. 1 34:5 (183S) is A. vestitus var. oxyphysa (Gray) Heller Muhl. 2 86 (1905) is A. oxyphysus. parviflora Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 348 (1838) is A. clegans. parvifolia Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 348 (1838) is A. parviflorus. pauciflora Nutt. in T. &G. Fl. 1 348 (1838) is A. leptaleus. pcctinata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 141 (1830) is A. pectinatus. picta Gray PI. Fend. 37 (1849) is A. pictus. Plattensis (Nutt.) MacMillan Metasperm. 325 (1892) is A. Plat- tensis. platytropis (Gray) Rydbcrp Fl. Mont. 240 (1900) is A. platy- tropis. podocarpa Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 142 (1830) is A. sclerocarpus. Preussii (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 47 (191-3) is A. Preussii. pubentissima (T. & G.) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 48 (1913) is A. pubentissimus, Purshii (Dougl.) Piper Fl. Wash, 369 (1906) is A. Purshii. pygmaea Nutt, in T. & G. Fl. 1 349 (1838) is A. pygmaeus. reventa (Gray) Piper Fl, Wash. 372 (1906) is A, reventus. Var. Canbyi (Jones) Piper Fl, Wash. 373 (1906) is A. reventus. Reverchoni (Gray) Rydberg in Small's Fl. S. E. U. S, 619 (1903) is A, lotiflorus. Robbinsii Oakes in Hovey's Mag. 7 181 (1841) is A. Labradoricus var. sabulonum (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 47 (1913) is A. sabu- lonum, sericea Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 343 (1838) is A. sericoleucus. serotina (Gray) Piper Fl. Wash. 374 (1906) is A. campestris var. sesquiflora (Watson) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 48 (1913) is A. ses- quiflorus. Silerana (Jones) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 47 (1913) is A. Sileranus. simplicifolia Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 350 (1838) is A. simplicifolius. sinuatus Piper Fl. Wash. 370 (1906) is A. Gibbsii. Spaldingii (Gray) Piper Fl. Wash. 370 (1906) is-A. Spaldingii. speirocarpa (Gray) Piper Fl. Wash. 370 (1906) is A. speirocarpus. stenophylla (T. & G.) Piper Fl. Wash. 371 (1906) is A. steno- phyllus. subcinerea (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 47 (1913) is A. sub- cinereus. succumbens (Dougl.) Piper Fl. Wash. 370 (1906) is A. succum- bens. Suksdorfii (Howell) Piper Fl. Wash. 369 (1906) is A. Pulsiferje. Tejonensis (Jones) Heller Muhl. 2 85 (1905) is A. Douglasii var, trochopoda Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. 1 343 (1838) is A. trichopodus. triflora DC. Ast. 50 (1802) is A. triflorus. triphylla (Pursh) Eat. & Wr. Bot. Ed. 8 351 (1840) is A. triphyllus. Tweedyi (Canby) Piper Fl. Wash. 371 (1906) is A. Tweedyi. vestita Benth. Bot. Sulph. 13 (1844) is A. vestitus. villosa (Mx.) Nutt. Gen. 2 97 (1818) is A. villosus Mx. villosa James Cat. 186 (1825) is A. mollissimus. viridis (Nutt.) Britton Mem. Torr. Club. 5 201 (1894) is A. mon- tanus. viridis (Nutt.) Piper Fl. Wash. 374 (1906) is A. montanus. Wardi (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 47 (1913) is A. Wardi Wetherilli (Jones) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 665 (1905) is A. Weth- erilli. Whitneyi (Gray) Heller Muhl. 9 67 (1913) is A. Hookerianus var. Phacopsis Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 661 (1905) p. 16 Pattersoni (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 661 (1905) is A Pat- tersoni. praelongus (Sheldon) Rydberg Torr. Bull 32 661 (1905) is A Pattersoni var. scaphoides (Jones) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 52 (1913) is A. ar- rectus var. Physondra dispar (Nutt.) Raf. Atl. Jour. 145 (1832) is A. tenellus. longifolia (Pursh) Raf. Atl. Jour. 145 (1832) is A. pictus. Plains Region p. 39. Podo-sclerocarpi pp. 8, 11, 142. Present Revision p. 17. Preussii pp. 11, 152. Pubescence p. 5. Purpurascentes p. 8. Radiciflori p. 8. Reflexi p. 9. Reventi-Arrecti pp. 12, 158. Rocky Mountain Region p. 41. Rugocarpus p. 14. Rydbergiella Fedde & Sydow Just. Bot. Jahresb. 33 pt. 1 534 (1903). Pattersoni F. & S. 1. c. is A. Pattersoni. praclonga (Sheldon) F. & S. 1. c. is A. Pattersoni var. Sarcocarpi pp. 9, 236. Scytocarpi p. 11. Seriocophyllus p. 13. Sesamei p. 8. Sierra Region pp. 38, 39, 46, 47. Siskiyou Region p. 44. Sparsiflori p. 128. Spiesioider* p. 13. Spruce Zone p. 47. St. George Region p. 53. Strigulosi p. 184. Succumbentes p. 10. Synocreati p. 8. Systems of Classification p. 8. Terms used p. 3. Texan Region pp. 40, 44. Tium Medic in Vorles Churpf. Phys. Ges. 2 373 (1787) p. 16. alpinum (L.) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 659 (1905) is A. Andinus. arrectum (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 49 (1913) is A. arrectus. atropubescens (C. & F.) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 49 (1913) is A. arrectus. desperatum (Jones) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 660 (1905) is A. des- peratus. distortum (T. & G.) Rydberg in Small's Fl. S. E. U. S. 619 (1903) is A. distortus. Drummondii (Dougl.) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 659 (1905) is A. Drummondii. eremiticum (Sheldon) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 49 (1913) is A. arrectus var. intonsum (Sheldon) Rydberg in Small's Fl. S. E. U. S. 619 (1903) is A. villosus. humistratum (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 660 (1905) is A. humistratus. obcordatum (Ell.) Rydberg in Small's Fl. S. E. U. S. 619 (1903) is A. obcordatus. racemosum (Pursh) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 659 (1905). scopulorum (Porter) Rydberg Torr. Bull, 32 659 (1905) is A. scopulorum. sparsiflorum (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 660 (1905) is A. sparsitlorus. variegatum Rydberg Torr. Bull. 34 47 (1907) is A. sparsifloi'us. Topography p. 58. Tragacantha. All the species of Astragalus not in Phaca were re- named as Tragacanthje by Kuntze Rev. Gen 2 (1891) but 31 have not been recognized. This useless synonymy is not re- peated here. Tragacanthacei p. 8. Tragacanthse p. 8. Triphylli pp. 12, 86. Scytocarpi p. 11. Tropical Life Zone pp. 31, 40, 53. Uinta Region p. 46. Uliginosi pp. 9, 166. Upper Temperate Life Zone pp. 31, 32, 46. Vesicarii p. 8. Wasatch Region p. 46. Xylophacos Rydberg in Small's Fl. S. E. U. S. 619 (1903) p. 17. amphioxys (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 662 (1905) is A. am- phioxys. aragalloides Rydberg Torr. Bull. 34 48 (1907) is A. amphioxys. argophyllus (Nutt.) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 34 49 (1907) is A. argo- phyllus. cibarius (Sheldon) Kydbcig Torr. Bull. 34 49 (1907) is A. ciba- rius. coccineus (Parry) Heller Muhl. 2 217 (1906) is A. coccineus. consectus (Sheldon) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 49 (1913) is A. Purshii. cuspidocarpus (Sheldon) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 48 (1913) is A. Missouriensis. cymboides (Jones) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 49 (1913) is A. cym- boides. inflexus (Dougl.) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 49 (1913) is A. inflexus. Missouriensis (Nutt.) Rydberg Torr. Bull, in Small's Fl. S. E. U. S. 620 (1903) is A. Missouriensis. Musiniensis (Jones) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 49 (1913) is A. Mu- siniensis. Newberryi (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 662 (1905) is A. New- berryi. Parryi (Gray) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 662 (1905) is A. Parryi. puniceus (Osterhout) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 662 (1905) is A. Missouriensis. Purshii (Dougl.) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 662 (1905) is A. Purshii. pygniffius (Nutt.) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 662 (1905) is A. pyg- mffius. Shortianus (Nutt.) Rydberg in Small's Fl. S. E. U. S. 1332 (1903) is A. Shoi'tianus. Uintensis (Jones) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 662 (1905) is A. argo- phyllus. Utahensis (Torr.) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 49 (1913) is A. Utah- ensis. vespertinus (Sheldon) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 32 662 (1905) is A. amphioxys var. Watsonianus (Kuntze) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 49 (1913) is A. Newberryi var. Zionis (Jones) Rydberg Torr. Bull. 40 49 (1913) is A. Zionis. INDEX TO PLATES. Index to Plate* oborig'num. 27. Var. glabriusculus. 27. Var. fastigiorum. 27. Type. *'a" fresh, arcidens. 39, 76 Var. Pacificus (Hendersoniil. 39, 76. (pruniformis) 76. flcciimbens. 28. acutirostris. 69 *^'a" fresh, «d?nus. 37. Type, adsurgens. See nitidus. aj^restis. 40. "c" Hypoglottis from Europe. **a" fresh from Wells Nev, "d" lateral view, "e" vejstral view, Var. polyspermus. 40. Var. bracteatug, 41. albens. 66. arorhrous. 17. rlpinus. 27. 72. Alvordensis. 29. Type. Aniericanas. 27, amphioxys. 50. "a" San Rafael Swell Utah, "b" and "c" Calientc Nev. "d" Good Springs Nev. "e" hair. 51. Var. vespertinus. 51. Var. eymbellus. 51. *'a" fresh. Pinph'oxys-Layneae. 57. ampullarius. 33. AiKlersoni. 66. "a" Reno Nev. "b" Inyo Co. Calif, andinus. 28. "a" Colorado, Baker, Angelinus. 71. Type, in'sus. 60. Tyne. Antiselli. 2. Var. phoxus. 2. Type, Antoninus. 44. argi.losus. 62. Type, "a" fresh from San Rafael Swell Utah, "b" fresh from Grand Junction Colorado, argorhyllus. 46. Var. castanaeformis. 47. Var. Cnicensis. 47. "a" fresh. Type, Var. Martini. 47. Type. Var. Panguicensis. 47. Type. Var. pehragnienus. 47. Type. argophyllus-Purshii. 47. ai gophyllus— Utahensis. 46. Type, arfdus. 9. "a" fresh, right hand one from Yuma Ariz. Aiizonicus. 65. ar.e^ius. 37. "a" fresh from Anaconda Mont. Var. Leibergi. 37. Type. er-mi-ifus. 37. ''a" fresh from Chloride Arz. Var. Palousensis. 37. "a" fresh from Pulhnaji W;ifh, Var. remotus. 38. Type, "a" fresh. Var. scaphoides. 38. Type. Var. Spencianus. 38. Type. Var. Wei?er Idaho. Arthur!. 67. Type. a clrpiaclftuks. 34. Type, "a" fresh. 75. atratus. 41. Var. mensanus. 41. Type. '• Var. phyllophorus. 41. Type. Var. O-.vyheensis. 41. Type. Austinae. 41. 76. Beckwithii. 22. "a" fresh from Marysyale Utah. Var. purpureus. 22. Type, "a" fresh. , Var. Weiserensis. 23. Type. 72. B rnardinus. 65. Type, bicri tatus. 31. Var. telrapteroides. 32. Type, ''a" fresh. ^ hbentawts. 43. Figure copied from type. ^ Bigelovii. 58. Var. Thompsonae. 58. "a" fresh from Green River Utah. '%' fresh froni Moab Utah. * Vr-r. Mat- hewsii. 58. hisii'c^tus. 63. "a" (bilateralis). ''L" (tJocalvans). Bolanderi. 38. Bourgovii. 8. Flathead Lake Mont. Brandegei. 42. Ferron Utah. BraunJoni. 41. Type. > Brazrtensis. 71. Br weri. 71. Ci'lifornicus. 2. "a" from Ager Calif. Brandegee. 77. calyc^sus. 65. "a" fresh from Vermillion Utah. Var. scaposus. 65. cam'-estris. 3. '^a", "b", "d" intermediate forms. Var. crispatus. 2. Type. V-r. decumbens. 2. "a" (tenuifolius). \nr. hylophilus. 3. Var. serotinus. 3. Canfd-nsis. 39. "a"' fresh from Omaha Neh. Vr^r. Carolinianus. 39. Var. Mortoni. 40. "c" fresh from Contact Nev. ra' illipes. 18. Type, c nonis. 32. Type, "a" fresh. 74. Ca^ei. 30, 73. Chapalanus. 70, Type. cibarius.45. "a" fresh from Mun<\ Nev. "W fresh from Marysvale Utatt* "c" fresh from Clear Creek Canon Utah. Cimensis. 38. "a" dorsal view, "b' ventral view, circumdatus. 28. Type, 72. Cleveland!. 71. Coahuilae. 65. Type, Ccbrensis. 42. corcineus. 52. c.illinus. 28, 29. "a" fresh from Orcville Wash. 73. Coltoni. 1. Type. < Var. aphyllus. 1. Type. • Var. Moabensis. 1. "b" narrow leaflet, "c" broad leaflet, confertiflorus. 62. -^ Var. flaviflorus. 62. "a" fresh from Price Utah. Coiigfloni. ''6. ( ottoni. 27. Type. Craigi. 22. Type. crass-carpus. 60. "b"' fresh from Minnesola. "c" fresh from Deer Lodge Mont, Var. pachycarpus. 61. Crot lariae. 13, 14. "a" reproducetl Kew tracing from type, curtipes. 19. Ciisickii. 17. cysnboides. 50. Type, "a" fresh. desperatiis. 45. Type, "a" fresh from San Rafael Svell Utah, "b"' freah from Moab Utah. Var. petrophilus. 45. Type, detritalis. 5. Type, (lul'.mocarpus. 71. dli'hacus. 71. Var. peonis. 71. Type, dispermus. 71. "a" fresh from Victorville Calif, "b" Borrego Spr. Calif, dislortus. 64. Vsr. Engelroamii. 65. durnus. 8. Douglasii. 16. Var. glaberrinuis. 15. Tjpe. Var. Parishil. 16. Var. piscinjis. 72. Type. Var. Tejonensis. 16. Type. Var. "a" Dripp'ng Sprg. Calif, "b" San Pedro Martir. L. Calif. dr panolobus. 66. C umniondii. 64. "a" fresh from Anaconda Mont. Duchesnensis 64. "a" fresh. Type. Var. curtiflorus. 26. 34. ensifoiniis. 56. Type. Episcopus. 4. From the Kaibab Ariz. Esperanzae. 70. Type. Etirekenis. 52. Type, "a" fresh. Fcensis. 56. Type. Ocxuosiis. 43. Var. Diehlii. 43. "b" fredi fro;n Black Mt. Utah, "a ' fresh from Farndc^e ham Utah. Var. elongatus. 43. Francisquitensis. 67. Type. Var. Lagunensis. 67. Type, Fuiiereus. 53. "a" Funeral Ivlts., fresh, "b" and "bb" Charleston Mts, Cal. Geyeri. 9. "a" fresh from Ssn Rafael Swell Utah. Gibbsii. 29. Var. curvic, ws. 29. "a"' fresh from Carson City Nev. "b" fresh from Umatilla Oregon, giganteus. 59. Var. Yaquianus. 59. Ci1"nsis. 6. Type, gl ber. 65. (fOlJmanni. 70. Type. Gormnni. 26. Type- graiilentus.. 44. Var. exstr.us. 44. Type. ' Var. f .llax. 44. ) Var. Hallii. 44. Grayi. 30. 73. Greggii. 69. Gunlamalensis. 43. Var. Oaxacanus. 43. V H^rtwegi ^?'"'■ ^^' "^" ^'""'" ^^'^*^''^' ^^«^''- "^" f"-"-' Oaxaca Mex. Type. Haydenianus. 62. 63 "b" (var. Nevadensis). V (grallator) Hcokerianus. 18. Var. Whitneyi. 18. Hornii. 10. Var. Bahaeensis. 10 Howcllii. 66. Var. misellus. 66, 67. Hnin'>oldtii. 59. 1 uniilliimi:^. 6. lumi-^traUis. 6. "a"' fresh. Var. Ilosackiae. 9. Var. Sonorae. 9. i Var. tenerrimus. 6. Type. 1 yn.linus. 7. Type. : i H\poglottis. See agrestis. '. hypoleucus. 70 hypoxylus. 70. I ^Tpensis. 42. Type, inflexus. 54. "a" fresh from Riverside Wash. , , V;tr. glareosus. 54. insu'aris. 10. Var. Pondii. 10. Var. Quentinus. 10. Type, -nversus. 2. Type. 77. I"yoengis.67. "a" near base, "b" near tip. iodanthus. 45. "a"' fresh from Reno Nev. ,i-^junus. 17. Julianus. 9. Type. junc"us. 3. All cross sections fresh. / V-ir. attenuatus. 4. Type. Var. orthorarpus. 3. ("diversifolius"). Kaibensis. 64. Type. Lc'br-dorifus. 26, 27. Var. Robbinsii. 27. Var. occidentalis. 27. "a" fresh, "d" from Brande;;' e Colo, l-ncearius. 4. "h ' fresh from San Rafael Swell Utah. La^neae 57. "a" fresh from Chloride Ariz. Lemmoni. 69. lentiformis 69. lenriglnosus. 80. Var. albifolius. 23. Type. Var. Borreganus. 25. Type. Var. carinatus. 24. Var. C.iulteri. 25 "a" fresh from Tehachapi Calif. Var. diaphanus. 23. Var. diphysus. 24. "d" Anaconda Mont, "a" Auniin Nev. "d" fresh from Thurber Utah, "aa" (chartarens). 25. Var. Frcmonti. 25. "a" fresh from Victorville Calif. Var. Idricnsis. 24. Type. 72. Var. ineptus. 23. '*b" (floribundus). Var. latus. 24. Type. Var. MacDoiigali. 23. Var. Mokiacensis. 25. Var. nigricalycis. 23. Type, 24. Var. palans. 25. Type "a" fresh from Moab Utah. Var. Sierrae. 23. Type. Var. srorpionis. 24. Type. • i Var. Yuccanus. 26. Type. J I"r>^->lcus. 8. Flathead Lake Mont. ]:-ucophylhis. 18, 19. leiicoBsis. 19. ' Var. brarhvpus 20. Var. fastiilius. 19. Var. lonchus. 19. Type. Vmatus. 33, 34, 74. Lindheimeri. 67. lonchocarpus. 64. "a" fresh from Price Ul?h. "b"' fresh from Moab Utah. "c" fresh from San Rafael Swell Utah, lotiflorus. 28. Var. Revorchoni. 28. Intos'.is. 20. Type. Lu's'-nus. 69. Type. Lyaliii. 41. Var. curifinns. 41. Type, ni-crodcn. 14, If). Mai'rcnsis. 69. Type. Ma^dalenae. 13. n:.tla^i3s. 57. "a" fresh from Reno Nev. Var. obfaloatus. 57. niCffacarpus. 20. Var. Parryi. 21. inetaniis. 9. Type. IMex'canus. 61. M""uelensis. 13, 14. militaris. 70. Type. rn er. 8. "a" fresh. Missouriensis 50. "a" fresh from Fort Steele Wyo. Var. ciispldocarpus. 50. l^Toenioppensis. 62. Tvpe. M-havensis. 28. "a" fresh from Charleston Mts. Nev. 72. mo'lssunus. 59. montanrs. 5. Var. Ccloradoensis. 5. Type. Var. impensus. 5. Var. rotundus. 5. Type. Var. tegetarius. 5. Var. ujifiulatus. 5. Type, ^'u'fordae. 67. Type. Miisiuenpis. 49. "a" and "' " fresh from San Rafael Swell Utah. Var. laccoliticus. 49. Type. '1 frleitus. 40. M vinii. 66. Newberryi. 51. "b" fresh from Marysvale Utah. Var. castoreus. 52., Type. Var. Watsonianus.s 52 "a" fresh from Aurum Nev. "b" fresh from Muncy. ni rcscens. 71. i.jlidus. 40. 'a'' fresh fr-^-n Anaconda Mont, "b" adsurgens from Europe. Laxmanni from Europe, ro-hoxys. 12. Type. 69, nnt-ns. 12. Type. NuU^ilianus. 68. "a" din: »> nom v^Klahoma. Var. Cedrosensis. 68. Var. leptocarpiodes. 68. Type. Var. quadrilateralis.68. Type, o' cordatus. 26, obscurus. 41. "a" fresh from Reno Nev. o-caJycis. 63. Type, oocarpus. 14. S*^ copV-orus. 21. '*a" fre-li from Krimmoth Utah. y^r. caulescens. 22. Fresh Type. Var. artipps. 22. Orcrttianus. 65. "a" fresh from Victorsille Calif- Var. GreporiRnus. 66. Type, '^r-ffnnus. 39. "a" a hair. Or'z"bae. 59. 60. ... Va-. Irol^nus. 60. ortliontlius 60. O frhouti. 64. Type. oxyrhysus. 18. - -. -h oxvrhynrhus. 70. '^'ichypijs. 32. "a" fresh from Bealvllle Calif, "b" dry. P^-'nteri. 43. Tvpe. Pilmeri. 10. PRnamintcnsis. 42. P^rrM-. 56. par\nnorii«. 43. Var. microlobus. 43. "a" Hall and Harbour material. T>'?rvus. 69. Pifqualensis. 3. Pattersoni 35. "a" from type, "b" fresh from Price Utah, "c*' froirl Milford Utah. V-?r. procerus. 35. V r. 35. "a" fresh from Price Utah. pauciflorus. 8. pcct'"atus. 30. Var. plntyrhvllus. 30. Type. P''o»nici«. 59. Type pictrs. 12. Var. filiformis. 12. V^r. mafrnus. 12. Type, p'nf^nis. 44. Type. rlattensis. 61. "a" fresh from Oklahoma. 62. p'^lytrop>s. 42. "a" fresh, ' T>olaris. 7. P-^mononsis, 13. 15. »^orrectus. 2. From near Reno Nev. 73. Pr usjii. 32. "a" frpsh from Las Vestas Nov. "aa" from Lee's Ferry Ariz, "b" from Borrego Spr. Calif, "c" dry. "cc'' fresh from San Rafael S'vell Utah. Var. Eastw-oodae 33. Tvne. 'V" florsal side, "b" ventral side, "a" fresh from Thompson's Spr. Utah. V^r. l-^xiflorus. 74. P mdei. 69. p-r,»iferns. 9. Type. P'lrletProcarpus. 31. 73. nnbentJssimus. 8. "a" fresh from near Green River Utah. PueV, S .or!ianus. 45, 47. "a'' fresh, Var. cyaneiis. 46. ' Silersnus. 44. Type. Var. cariacus. 44. Type, sim»^licifolius. 5. V" '^"^^ from Umatilla Oregon, sylvaticus. 66. "a" f-* "^resh. t (letTrioides. 7. Type, tencllus. I. "a" from British Columbia, Macoiin. "b" from Sprucemont Nev. "c" from Green River Woy. tener. 68. Var. Brucae. 68. Type. Var. Rattanoides. 68. Type. J\ Tcnncsseensis. 62. tetran'erus. 31. "a" dry. "b" fresh from Battle Mt. Nev. Var. reventoides 39. tci>hrodes. 48, 49. "a"' fresh from Socorro New Mex. tcrminalis. 39. "a" characteristic hair. Var. Capricornus. 31. Type, "a" dry. "b" fresh, "c" ventral view; "d** dorsal view. Thurberi. 10. Toanus. 29. Type, "a" fresh from Contact Nev. "b" fresh from Burbank Utah 73. Tolucanus. 43. Type. Traskiae. 67. Type, tr'carinatus. 65. tiichcpodus. 18. "a" fresh from Bakersfield Calif, triflorus. 10. San Rafael Swell Utah. II. "a" fresh Var. cerussatus. II. Var. playanus. II. Type, triphyllus. 7. triquetrus. 22. t'-oglodytus. 62. Tweedyi. 28, 73. Utahensis. 52, 54. "a" fresh from Salt Lake City, "b*' fresh from Marysvale Utah, vaccarum. 70 vallaris. 38. Type, Vaseyi. 9, vestitus. 12, Var. Franciscanus. 13. Var, Menziesii. 12, tUIosus, 26. Wardi, II. Monroe Utah, Wcbberi, 44, Wetherilli. 17. Ty^e. 72. Wingatensis, I. Var, Dovlgeanus, I, "c" fresh cross section, "d" (acerbus) from Grand Junction Col, "e" (acerbus), "f (proximus) Glenwood Spr, Col. Woodruff i. 4. Type, "a" fresh. Wrightii. 68, Yukonis, 7. Type. Zicnis. 47. Type. ' ,^ ADDENDA. bicristatus var, tetrapteroides 78 Cimensis 78 Pattersoni var. procerus 78 Zionis 78 4a / '3 II ,. (f) /ff' f.^'^^<^ ^^- f 1(e) 'LO 2-;i> (2-i) Cl^) ( V) (33) M7 iQJ V^. ^oj^I^:^^, *.1^t^,^ vt-«-v^ ^ r^ ty"* u ■■'.1/ Q 6D J M.,: £ jIKJ^^Uauj u^f 'i^]'^ /- -.1 ^ -L .-4y A -L ^w V>.4.A,^1. C^M (i'