UNIVERSITY)”
PENNSYLVANIA

 

  

  
 

 

 

 

 

Translations and Reprints

FROM THE

> Original Sources of European History ,

. _ ”E
3.

i

MONUMENTUM ANCYRANUM

THE DEEDS OF ~AUGUSTUS

EDITED BY WILLIAM FA’IRLEY, PH.D.

 

PUBLISHED BY

The Department of History of the University of Pennsylvania.

Y

Encusu AGENCY: P. s. KLISQ8QSQN, fiz-i4grngstreétgyoxgcidnfii. w:

 

  

COPyright, I898.
WILLIAM FAIRLEY.

 

PREFACE

The method employed in this edition of the Monumentmn Ancyra-
man is suggested by the purpose for which it is intended. That purpose
is primarily to adapt it as one of the series of Translations and Reprints

. from the Original Sources of European History, published by the
Department of History of the University of Pennsylvania. The Eng-
lish version is the core of the work. At the same time the opportunity
has been seized to present the original texts in such form as to be of
real philological service. That there is room for such an edition of the
Monumentam Ancyranam there can be no doubt. The critical edition
published by Mommsen in 1883, R68 Gestaa Dioi Aagasti, must long
remain for scholars the sufficient hand-book for the study of the greatest
of inscriptions. But that edition, with its Latin notes, is not adapted
for ordinary school or college use, or for historical study by those who
do not readily use Latin. And although Roman histories constantly
refer to this great source for the life and times of Augustus, there has
been no accessible English translation. It is true that the English
translation of Duruy’s History of Rome contains a version of the Mona-
montmn, but it is not in full accord with the latest text as set forth by
Mommsen, and is hidden away in the ponderous volumes of that expen-
sive work.

Aside from Mommsen’s edition of 1883, the only recent edition is
a French one of 1886 by C. Peltier. But this is simply a condensation
of Mommsen. While the present edition depends very largely on
Mommsen’s work, it is more than a condensation. Not only is the
English version given, but all the known studies of the text published
since 1883, and in criticism of Mommsen, have been collated. The
emendations thus suggested have been placed as footnotes to the Latin
and Greek texts. Moreover, the notes have been carefully revised.
For the most part they are much reduced in compass, but in many
cases they are added to; and a large number of typographical errors
in Monimsen’s edition have been corrected. Most of these errors were

(3)
3785

 

       
   
  

4 PREFACE.

reproduced in the French edition above mentioned. In a work with
such a multitude of references it is too much to hope that all errors
have been avoided, and the editor will be greatly indebted if users of
the book will report them to him.

W. FAIRLEY.

University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.

 

INTRODUCTION

 

I. HISTORY OF THE INSCRTPTION.

Suetonius in his Life of Augustus tells us that that Emperor had
placed in charge of the Vestal virgins his will and three other sealed
documents; and the four papers were produced and read in the senate
immediately after his death. One of these additional documents gave
directions as to his funeral ; another gave a concise account of the state
of the empire; the third contained a list of “his achievements which
he desired should be inscribed on brazen tablets and placed before his
mausoleum.” These tablets perished in the decline of Rome. Centuries
passed ; men had ceased to ask about them, and there was no idea that
they would ever be brought to light. Nor were the original tablets
ever found. But in 1555 Buysbecche, a Dutch scholar, was sent on an
embassy from the Emperor Ferdinand II. to the Sultan Soliman at
Amasia in Asia Minor ; and a letter of his, published among others at
Frankfort in 1595, tells the story of the discovery of a copy of this
epitaph of Augustus. He writes: “ On our nineteenth day from Con-
stantinople we reached Ancyra. Here we found a most beautiful
inscription, and a copy of those tablets on which Augustus had placed
the story of his achievements.” From this situation of the copy comes
the common title, Monumentum Ancymnum. Buysbecche made some
attempt to copy the Latin inscription, but his work was very hasty and
incomplete. What he had discovered was of extreme importance, and
his report stimulated such interest that European scholars never rested
till as complete a copy as possible was finally made in our own time.
The temple on whose walls the inscription was found was one dedicated
to ‘Afigfis’t'us and Rome, as was a common custom during the lifetime of
that Emperor. It was a hexastyle of white marble, with joints of such
exquisite workmanship that even in this century it was difficult to trace
some of them. This temple had served as a Christian church till the

(5)

6 INTRODUCTION.

fifteenth century, and from that time has been part of a Turkish.
mosque, some sections of its enclosure being used as a cemetery. The
great inscription was cut on the two side walls of the pronaos, or vesti-
bule. It was in six pages, three on the left as one entered, and three
on the right. Each page contained from forty-two to fifty-four lines,
and each line an average of sixty letters. The pages cover six courses
of the masonry in height, about 2.70 metres, and the length of the
inscription on each wall is about 4 metres. On one of the outer
walls of the temple was a Greek translation of the Latin. This
measures 1.38 metres in height by 21 metres in length. Several L
Turkish houses had been built against the wall containing this Greek
version, and this made the reading of it, and still more the copying, an
extremely difficult task. The priceless value of the Greek version lies
in the fact that it supplements in many cases the breaks in the Latin.
For it is needless to say that an inscription so old and so exposed has
suffered much from time and violence. Various travelers have described
the temple and its treasure: Tournefort in his Voyage da Levant,
Lyons, 1717; Kinneir, Journey Through Asia 111inor, 1818; Texier,
Description de Z’Asie mineare, Paris, 1839; \Villiam Hamilton, Re-
searches in Asia Zlfinor, London, 1842 ; and most completely, Guillaume,
Perrot and Delbet, in their Exploration arehe’ologique de la Galatie,
etc., in 1861, Paris, 1872.

Numerous attempts were made at transcribing the inscription, and
a number of editions were published. Buysbecche’s fragments found
several editors in the century of their discovery. About a hundred
years after him Daniel Cosson, a merchant from Leyden, who had lived
many years at Smyrna, dying there in 1689, caused an attempt to be
made to secure a copy, and with somewhat better results. His copy
was edited at Leyden in 1695. In 1701 Joseph Pitton de Tournefort,
under direction of Louis XIV, visited Ancyra, and attempted to secure
a facsimile of the text. In 1705 Paul Lucas, also sent by Louis XIV,
spent twenty days in copying the Latin, and his work was the last of
its kind till the present century. \Vhile these early copies are far from
being as perfect as more recent ones, they have this value: that in a
number of cases they show parts of the inscription which progressive
disintegration has now rendered illegible.

The Greek text, owing to the buildings reared against it, was much
harder to transcribe. In 1745 Richard Pococke published a few frag-
ments, and in 1832 Hamilton copied pages 10, 11, 12 and 13 of the
nineteen into which the Greek is divided.

 

INTRODUCTION. ?

\Vithin recent years all has been done that can possibly be done
to secure perfect copies of both Greek and Latin. In 1859 the Royal

Academy of Berlin commissioned a scholar named Mordtmann ta;
secure a papier maché cast of the Latin, and to transcribe the Greeks

, He failed in both attempts, and declared that the casts would ruin the!
original.

Napoleon III. commissioned George Perrot and Edmund Guillaume-

to explore Asia Minor. In their work above mentioned they give a.
facsimile copy of the whole of the Latin, and of as much of the Greek.
as they could get at. Their plates were the basis of an edition of the:

text by Mommsen in 1865, and another by Bergk in 1873, and- of the:

text given in the Corpus Dzscrxiptionmn Latinamm.

But Mommsen and the Berlin Academy were not satisfied. Carl"
Humann had distinguished himself by his researches at Pergamos, and
to him they committed the task of securing casts of the whole of both:

texts. The story of his achievement is extremely interesting. Dim--

culty after difficulty was met and surmounted. And finally he suc-
ceeded in his plan. With materials dug near-by he made plaster casts.
The owners of the Turkish houses he succeeded in inducing to allow
their walls to be so far torn away as to permit him to get at the entire
Greek text. And finally twenty great cases containing the whole series
of casts were sent away on pack mules to the coast and thence to Ber.

lin. The Royal Academy now counts these casts among its chief

treasures. This was in 1882. In 1883 Mommsen published his great.
critical edition of the text, on which this edition is based. His work
is almost final on the subject, but especially in the matter of conjectural

fillings of the lacunae is subject to revision. But an inspection of the
text as given in this volume will show that we have the words of Au»

gustus almost in their entirety.
At Apollonia, on the borders of Phrygia and Pisidia, has been.

found another ruined temple, with remnants of the Greek version of ‘

this inscription. At Apollonia the inscription originally covered seven
pages. Of these there are still legible the upper portions of pages two,
three, four and five. The correspondence between the text at Ancyra.

and that at Apollonia is almost exact, and where there is a divergence...

it has been indicated.

II. CHARACTER AND PURPosE OF THE INSCRIPTION‘.

German scholars have waged a fierce warfare over the question of”

the literary character of the Res Gestce, as Mommsen commonly calls in.

23?; 5* :1 - ‘

#4:?

INTRODUCTION.

He himself refrains from assigning it decidedly to any class of compo—
sition. Is it epitaph, or a “ statement of account,” or “ political state-
ment ”? Otto Hirschfeld contends strongly it is not an epitaph because
it contains no dates of birth or death, and is in the first person. VVolf-
flin calls it a statement of account. Geppert sides with Hirschfeld.
Bormann, Schmidt and Nissen all hold it to be an epitaph. And this
appears to be the final agreement. The latest word is the discussion by
Bormann, in 1895, in which he still maintains the epitaph view. For
these discussions, of. the bibliography at the end of this volume.

Of course it is an epitaph of unique character. It has certain
stIiking peculiarities, and specially of omission. 1There 1s no mention
of domestic affairs. The wife of the Emperor 1s unnamed. I Although
in enumerating his honors and offices it was necessary to date events by
the names of consuls, yet aside from this he mentions no person outside
the imperial household, not even such favorites as Maecenas and
Agrippa. His foes, Brutus, Cassius and Antony, are several times
alluded to, but never named. The same is true of Lepidus and Sextus
Pompeius. Unfortunate events are not noticed. His omission of the
disaster to the Roman arms under Varus has been severely criticised
as an attempt to deceive; but if the inscription is really an epitaph one
cannot wonder at such silence. The omission of the dates of birth and
death has been variously explained. Some have thought that he meant
his heirs to fill in any such gaps after his death, and to recast the whole
into the third person. Or, it has been suggested that it was the desire
of Augustus to be counted a divinity, and that therefore he wished to
pose as one “ without beginning of years, or end of days.” It certainly
would be incongruous to record the death of a god. With regard to
his general purpose Mommsen says : “ No one would look for the arcana
of empire in such a document, but for such things as an imperator of
mind shrewd rather than lofty, and who skillfully bore the character of
a great man while he himself was not great, wished the whole people, and
especially the rabble, to believe about him.” Two purposes are mani-
fest throughout the document. One is to pose as a saviour of the state
fromits foes, and not at all as a seeker after personal aggrandizement ;

another is to represent his whole authority as having been exercised 7‘

under constitutional forms. These two ideas appear again and again.

III. DIVISIONS OF THE TEXT.
The text may beroughly divided into three sections. Chapters one

to fourteen give the various offices held by Augustus, and the honors '

 

INTRODUCTION. 9

bestowed upon him ; chapters fifteen to twenty-four recount his expendi-
tures for the good of the state and the people; and the remaining
chapters, twenty-five to thirty-five, give the statement of his various
achievements in war, and his works of a more peaceful character.
This classification will not hold rigorously, but is true in the main.

The division into chapters or paragraphs is marked in the Latin
text by making the first line of each chapter project a little to the left
of the remaining lines. Each such paragraph is relatively complete.
And the use of such a topical method marks a new manner of composi-
tion quite different from the old annalistic style of Roman histori-

Ography.

 

IV. THE GREEK VERSION.

George Kaibel has made a special study of the Greek version, and
is led to the opinion that it was made by a Roman rather than by a
Greek. It is a grammar and dictionary rendering, rather than the
idiomatic work of one quite at home in the use of Greek. This conclu-
sion is based upon linguistic grounds. A further question remains as
o where this translation was made, whether at Rome or in the prov-
inces. The fact of the identity of the two copies at Apollonia and at
Ancyra would seem to indicate a common Roman source.

V. THE SUPPLEMENT.

This is poorly written both in the Latin and in the Greek ; and it
is also a very imperfect summary of the document, summing up only
what was spent upon games, donations and buildings. The fact that it
is in the third person also proves that it is not the work of Augustus.
The reckoning by denarii rather than by sesterces points to arGreek
origin, and the mention of favors shown by Augustus to provincial
towns (of. c. 4 and notes) would indicate one outside of Rome.

\
\

VI. TRUSTWORTHINESS OF THE INSCRIPTION.

The corroborations of the inscription by other inscriptions, coins
.and later historians, as well as by allusions in contemporary literature,
form an interesting study. And the trustworthiness of the record
becomes more manifest the more one comparesits statements With those

JJQJ ’13

of other writers. Only one point has been found :where: Augustus

makes what might be challenged as aupervermon of fact!” (Cf. c, g.

)J "“ .0 O

.0.
I g.
.-

.
‘6
O

o

 

mnumzwmm" < .i w .I .. l i‘ '_.___,_,_E-. Mm“.

I 0 INTRODUCTION.

VII. ‘MAsoxs’ BLUNDERS.

A number of apparent errors in the text are to be attributed in all
probability to the stone-cutters at Ancyra. Such are the superfluous
at of Latin ii, 2 ; acde for acclem, iv, 22 ; quinquens for quinquiens, iv,
31 ; dueenti for duccntos, iv, 45; provicias for provincias, v, 11 ; Tigrane
for Tigmncm, V, 31. 855-7012 foi 0115/00. Gr. iv, 8; ‘Pwydog for
:lw/zacox, vii, 6; or" arov for oxarcuu vii, 15; audpa: [100:d0wy for
auoprw Monica; viii, 8; omission of 7,025” before 18:21:01; ix, 13;
57:80/8060 for 51 80 azsua’aa x, 18; omission of mop before draoa’y,
xi, 10; 8755’); row. for 57rqug ‘00‘01 xiv, 4; omission of C-Ipz'dEou, xv, 3;
[(1850502/0; for /:8:f0y05, xv, 15; nouxam/lsguéya; for xarsdrpéyag:
°,xvi, 11; fiamA88g for fiaatAecg, xvi, 22
190.0:A8:5 for 90052895, xvii, 4; 758/ ms: an for5 87r:8:'2:8:av, xviii, 5; 6170,09;

xv, 17: 57r8:2'a()8 for 57::2'a38

\
48180.0.” ior (Ag/o‘oa _8,3a01'y, xix, 1

VIII. SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS.

The Latin and Greek texts are printed in such a way as to give
the best idea practicable of their actual condition. Roman numerals
denote the pages of the inscription, and the Arabic figures the lines.
These numerals and the chapter headings are no part of the inscription.
The projection of the first line of each chapter in the Latin is the only
method of marking the divisions in the original.

Parts of the Greek and Latin text included within brackets, H,
are conjectural restorations of the portions of the inscription which have
perished. The Greek generally is a guide to the Latin and vice versa,
for the instances are rare where both versions have been lost. The
textual notes show that not all scholars have reckoned the same num-
ber of missing letters. These variations are quite allowable, for it is
impossible to say that just so many letters are missing in any given case,

owing to the various sizes of different letters, and varying degrees of“

closeness of writincr.

Where dots ( . . . )occur, it signifies that Mommsen reckons as
many letters unrestored as there are dots.

The sign g indicateswa riarkl" 1n the original resembling a figure 7,

w
~e~u ~,55:: 5

oraveryopen3,~;:-.. 1 .. M 7:1,; 3

o 0"ILL.

”5 ,.The_ same sign in: brackets‘[ g1 indicates an unfilled interval 1n the

oun‘
\1. u : 6‘: .5 v u:..
SQRQ: 1 g . ." .0 Us on.
5 I, ,w o o

"
a a .1.,. 5

3

'var'lyng , t ,, , -WW. _ iuwnr ,.,. . ,, Jaw—V, 7 V. ,
. i

INTRODUCTION. I I}

  

The apices over vowels in the Latin indicate similar marks in the -
original in the case of a, e, o and u, and in the case of i a prolongation
‘ of that letter above the line.
1." Where certain letters of the Latin text are italicized it indicates
" that while they do not appear in the plaster casts, yet they were traced
by Alfred Domaszewski (a fellow-worker with Humann) on the stone
itself, by means of certain discolorations from paint, or gilding,
or weather, which marked the bottom of the incisions of the letters in
several cases where the surface of the stone had been worn away.
In the textual notes, B. stands for Bormann, G. for Geppert, S. for

. - J. Schmidt, Sk. for Seeck, W. for Wiilfilin, Apoll. for the inscription at
J ‘ Apollonia, and Anc. for that at Ancyra.

‘ The abbreviations of the names of authors and their works in the

i 3 historical notes are indicated in the bibliography at the close of the
book.

 

MONUMENTUM ANCYRANUM.

Rérum gestérum divi Augusti, quibus orbem terra[rum] imperio
populi R0111. subiécit, § et inpensarum, quas in rem publicam
populumque R0 [ma] num fecit, incisarum in duabus aheneis
pilis, quae su [n]t Rcmae positae, exemplar sub [i] ecturn.

I. c. I.

r Annos undéviginti natus exercitum privato consilio et privata
impensa

2 comparavi, [§] per quem rem publicam [do]minatione fac-
tionis oppressam ‘

3 in libertatem vindicé [vi. Ob quae sen] atus decretis honor-
[ifi] cis in

4 ordinem suum m [e adlegit C. Pansa A. Hirti]o consulibu-
[5, c] on [sulaj-

l, 3. ob quae, \N. quas ob res; S. and B. propter quae.

Below is a copy of the deeds of the divine Augustus, by which he
subjected the whole world to the dominion of the Roman people, and
of the amounts which he expended upon the commonwealth and the
Roman people, as engraved upon two brazen columns which are set up
at Rome.1

c. 1.

In my twentieth year,1 acting upon my own judgment2 and at my
own expense,3 I raised an army“ by means of which I restored to liberty
the commonwealth which had been oppressed by the tyranny of a fac-
tion.5 On account of this the senate by laudatory decrees admitted me
to its order,6 in the consulship of Gaius Pansa and Aulus Hirtius, and at

NOTES.

1 This title at Ancyra extends over the first three pages of the Latin, that is over
so much of the inscription as is on the left wall of the pronaos; the Greek title
extends over seventeen of the nineteen pages of the Greek version.

In its present form, the title cannot be the same as that over the original at »
Rome. All from “as engraved” is certainly an addition, probably made by the '

(12)

 

 

   

THE DEEDS OF AUGUSTUS. I}

Medpppmeuluéuaz (Stenodgya'au npdé'szq T5 xai dw‘nsaé 355110105
6505, dc; drré/Qmu 5732 (Prism); éuxexapay/éw: zaizak any/{arc
6005'.

I c. I.

I ’Erajv dexae[v]véa d») as arpdreulua 5/13? palm? ms}

2 5/107: (ix/[a/XJcéluaaw firozbaaaa], d:’ 09 T6: zen-d TYPO?»

3 fluara [5x 77;]: T[(D]y ouyofluoanpe/uwv dooirja;

4 [alsuwéflowaa ’Egp’ o]:’: >§ advzhyro; irawéaaad

r I‘ I— ~ ~ .1.
5 [ye ¢y¢mluam] “poamremce ‘7) £002.37 Fang) Hd[w]a
6 [Ad/lg) (1,01in £3]7r[d]rro[z]c, €22 Tfi “ta/Es: 1'ch (Stat-[map

l, 7. (ilua, B. law or éon.

Galatian legate who ordered the magistrates of Ancyra to have the inscription placed
on the temple of Augustus. The last two words in the Latin (placed first in the
English), were probably inserted only by a blunder at Ancyra. “ A copy subjoined,”
doubtless stood in the legate’s letter, just as we might write “see enclosure.” But
what of the remainder of the inscription, “Of the deeds . . . . Roman people ” ?
It is hardly conceivable that this was the title of the inscription at Rome, because it
embraces only two of the three parts into which the subject-matter falls. It covers the
achievements and the expenditures of Augustus; in reverse order, however, from that
of the document itself; and it omits any allusion to the subject-matter of the first
fourteen chapters, which have to do with the offices and honors conferred upon
Augustus.

It is impossible to say what was the superscription at Rome. Possibly there was
none. The name of Augustus, most likely, was conspicuous somewhere in connection
with the front of the mausoleum, and this inscription may very well have been devoid
of title.

C. I. 1 Augustus was nineteen years old on Sept. 23, 710.

2 Cicero (Ad Alt. XVI, 8, 1,) on Nov. I, 710, writes: “ I have letters from
Octavian ; great things are doing; he has led over to his views the veterans of
Casilinum and Calatia.” Cf. Vell. II, 61. Dio XLVI, 29.

3 Cf. Cic. (Pfiz'l. III, 2, 3), “ The young Cwsar, without our (the senate’s)
advice or consent, raised an army and poured forth his patrimony.”

4 Gardthausen, Aug. Ier Th. 2er Bd. p. 524, thinks that this beginning the Res
Gestae with the raising of an army, is an admission of the military foundation of the
principate.

‘ Such a statement is part of Augustus’ scheme to pose as a restorer of the old
order. He makes Brutus, Cassius, Pompey and Antony public enemies.

5 Cicero says (P/u'l. V, I7, 46), that on Jan. I, 71!, “the senate voted that
Gains Caesar, son of Gains, pontifi‘, should be a senator, and hold praetorian rank in

. speaking.” Dio (XLVI, 29), says that on Jan. 2 or 3, “ Caesar was made senator as
ja quaestor.”

fl 4 MONUMENTUL‘I ANCYRANUM.

5 rem locum s[imu1dans sententiae ferendae, et im] perium mihi
dedit [§].

6 Rés publica n[e quid detrimenti caperet, me] pro praetore
simul cum

7 consulibus pro [videre iussit. Populus] autem eédem anno
me

8 consulem, cum [cos uterque bello ceci] disset, et trium virum
rei publi-

9 one constituend [ac creavit].

‘c. 2.

IO Qui parentem meum [interfecer] un [t, eo]s in exilium expuli
iudiciis legi-

11 timis ultus eorum [fa] cin [us, e]t postea bellum inferentis rei
publicae

I2 vici b[is a] cie.

I, 5. ferendae, W. dicendae; simul.....ferendae, B. sententiae dicendae
mihi dans; after dedit B. erases [Q].
I, 7. jussit, B. jubens.

the same time gave me consular rank in the expression of opinion,T and
gave me the inLperiwn.8 It also voted that I as propraetor,9 together
with the consuls, should see to it that the commonwealth suffered no
harm.10 In the same year, moreover, when both consuls had perished
in war, the people made me consul,u and triumvir for organizing the

commonwealth.”

c. 2.

Those who killed my father1 I drove into exile by lawful judg-
ments,‘2 avenging their crime, and afterwards, when they waged war
against the commonwealth, I twice defeated them in battle.3

 

7 Livy (E1). CXVIH), “ he received the consular ornaments.” App. (8. C. III,
51) adds that he was given consular rank in speaking. Cf. Mommsen. R5272. St,

I, pp- 442, 443.
8 Cf. Cic. (P1227. u, 8, 20), “The senate gave Gains Caesar the fasces.” Cf.

Tac. Ann. I, Io; Livy, Ep. CXVIII.
9 App. B. C. III, 51. Vell. II, 61.
1° The formula by which in emergencies, extraordinary powers were given to the

ordinary magistrates. This measure had since 216 B. C., entirely superseded the old

 

 

 

THE DEEDS OF AUGUSTUS. 15

[55,1101 r]c‘) a[u,ufiou]lez§ew 5060a, pdfidouk] 1" 5,1102 e’daneev.
[Hep]? 70‘: (Myriam npdryara my 2': [3101377, 5,1102 lus-

[rd rd’w (57:11]er flpoyoefu érrérpegbeu aim-2 arpar‘I/‘rofij
IO [ ..... <0 (3%] d[7/]poc 2'95 win/5 5mm), d/rtporépwu _

II [117») éfldrwu flak/1(7) zsnrw[x]é[r]wy, glue 57m—

\OOO\i

12 [70v dnédetEJEV mi 79722 rcfiu rpchu dudpcfiu 510;)-
I 3 [ea dpxiyu 6722] 7:5 xaraardae: rim 6[77],uoac'wu 7.30a-
I4 [finch-coy]. c[?/l]ar[o.
C. 2.
15 Tobe rt‘w narépa rbu 5/1612 pouetfi]a[au]r[a]c éfaipzaa xpi—
I6 [05002 $65] xozg 7541a) [p] pad/re [v] 0; abrcfiu 12)
I7 [daéfiyya x]a2 [/15] rd raDra (15702): 7115287109 €-
18 [mpépovrac rfi 7ra]r[p] 5'5: 52: éuez’xma flapardfez.

 

custom of appointing a dictator. (Cf. note 1) Chap. V. The present formula, however,
had been employed long before the disuse of the dictatorship. Cf. Livy III, 4; VI,
{9. This extraordinary commission was not restricted to the consuls. Cf. Caes.
B. C. I, 5.

1] Hirtius was killed April I6, 71!, and Pansa died of wounds received on the
I 5th, in the fighting against Antonius. Caesar Octavianus and Q. Pedius were
elected consuls Aug. 19, 711. Dio LVI, 30; C. I. L. I, p. 4oo:x, 8375; Tao.
Ann. I, 9; Suet. Aug. 100. Vell. (II, 65), says the election was on Sept. 22.
But Macrobius, (Sal. I, 35, 25), assigns the fact that he was made consul in the
month Sextilis, as one of the reasons why the name of that month was changed to
August.

12 C. I. L. I, p. 466 and App. B. C. IV, 7, fix the formal ratification of the
triumvirate by the people, as having been proposed by the tribune Publius Titius and
carried in a public assembly on Nov. 27, 71 I.

C. 2. 1 An instance of Augustus’ avoiding the names of his enemies; here,
particularly, Brutus and Cassius.

2 The Lax Pedia, Sept, 71!, named from Augustus’ colleague in the consul-
ship, constituted an extraordinary tribunal for this class of offenders : the penalty was
interdiction from fire and water, 2'. a, outlawry. Livy, Ejfi. CXX; Vell. II, 69; App.
III, 95 ; Suet. Aug. 10; Dio XLVI, 49.

3 The only instance in the Res Gestae of a palpable distortion of fact. The
battles at Philippi, in November, 712, are referred to. For the date see Gardthausen,
Aug. 2er Th. Ier Halbband, p. 80. In the first fight, Suetonius says (Aug. I 3), that
Caesar hardly escaped, ill and naked, from his camp to the wing of Antony’s army.
He was ill, and had to be carried in a litter, according to Plutarch, Brut. p. 41. In
Antony, 22, Plutarch says: “ In the first battle, Caesar was completely routed
by Brutus, his camp taken, he himself very narrowly escaping by flight.” The
decisive defeat of the Republicans was twenty days later.

l 6 MONUMENTUM ANCYRANUM.

c. 3.
I 3 [B] ella terra et mari C [ivilia exter] naque toto in orbe terrarum
s [uscepi]
r4 victorque omnibus [superstitib] us civibus peperci. § Exte [r—
119.5]

15 gentés, quibus tuto [ignosci pot] ui[t, co] nservare quam ex—
cidere 1n[alui].

16 Millia civium Roma [norum adacta] sacramento Ineo fuerunt
circiter [quingen] -

I7 ta. § Ex quibus dedu [xi in coloni} as aut renn’si in municipia
sua stipen[dis emeri]—

18 tis millia aliquant [um plura qu] am trecenta et iis omnibus
agrés a [me emptos]

19 aut pecuniam pro p[raediis a] me dedi. § Naves cépi sescen-
[tas praeter]

2o eés, si quae minére [s quam trir] emes fuerunt. §
I, I4. superstitibus, Sk. following Hirschfield, veniam petentibus.
I, 18. aliquantum, B. and W. aliquanto; a me emptos, B. following Bergk,
adsignavi.

I, 19. praediis a me, B. and W. praemiis militiae (me in stone might be iae.)

c. 3.

I undertook civil and foreign wars by land and sea throughout the
whole world, and as victor I showed mercy to all surviving citizens.1
Foreign peoples, who could be pardoned with safety, I preferred to pre—
serve rather than to destroy. About five hundred thousand Roman
citizens took the military oath of allegiance to me.2 Of these I have
settled in colonies or sent back to their municipiaf upon the expiration
of their terms of service,‘ somewhat over three hundred thousand, and
to all these I have given lands purchased by me, or money for farmsf‘
out of my own means. I have captured six hundred ships, besides
those which were smaller than triremes.6

C. 3. 1 The text here is conjectural. Mommsen is almost alone in holding to
“surviving,” Zumpt, in his edition of 1869, had read “suppliant” (supplicz'bm),
Bergk, in 1873, “asking pardon” (dqérewnn'éus). Hirschfeld, the same sense,
(wm’am petmz‘z'éus). Seeck insists on the latter reading, in spite of Mommsen’s argu-
ments for his own choice. Augustus did not spare all surviving citizens either after
Philippi or Actium, cf. Dio LI, 2: After Actium “of the senators and knights,
and other leading men, who in any way had helped Antony, he fined some,
many he killed, some he spared." For his conduct after Philippi, cf. Suet. Aug.
13. But a coin of 727 (Eckhel VI, 88, Cohen 1, p. 66, No. 30), has C/ESAR
cos VII CIVIBUS SERVATEIS, “Caesar for the seventh time consul, the citizens
having been preserved.” It commemorates the civic crown given to Augustus,

 

t:

at,» . .l; -.

» R
".73
i

 

THE DEEDS OF AUGUSTUS. I?
c. 3.
19 [Hoképoug xai zaro‘: ray] xaé xarc‘z 0d/laaa'av 65/1500-
20 [2101): mi éEwrzzobg] 512 52,77 7/7} OZZOU/re’ugy 7(0).-
21 [102); duedefdnz‘v, new] fiaag re ndvrwv Escargot/any
22 [T0722 repair/Twp wolezrrfiv. 2'] (2 561227, 0?: drama/re; flu 0w—
2 3 [yuafiyvyu 525w, é’awaa [1] 5:}. [Roy] 77' €5éx0¢ou § Mupzddec
II.
I ‘Pwflaiwu 07,0012" [ed]a[aa]az L37r[b rb]u 5pxou Toy e‘pzbu
2 ére’uovflo] slug/Dc 7r[eur77’x] opt] a- [5’]? ab rat-77' [7] arm» 65g
3 rd [g] aim) [Grim 77‘ d[7ré7re;r¢a eig rdg] idia [c flélezq] 5x—
4 [MO/reboot; . . . . . . . .
6 . . . . . . , a . o a
7 ‘
8 5

cf. c. XXXIV. There are other coins with OB CIVES SERVATOS, “ On account of
the preservation of the citizens.”

2 This fact is one of the few which the latest text, based on Humann’s work,
alone establishes. Merivale’s comment on the relation of Augustus to the army is
noteworthy : “Their hero (Julius Caesar) discarded the defence of the legions, and a
few months witnessed his assassination. Augustus learned circumspection from the
failure of his predecessor’s enterprise. He organized a military establishment of
which he made himself the permanent head; to him every legionary swore personal
fidelity; every officer depended upon his direct appointment.” (C. XXXII.)

3 C. I 5 states the number colonized at 120,000. The 200,000 over and above
the 300,000 here named, are accounted for in the twenty-five legions, I 50,000 men in
service at his death, leaving only 50,000 as the number who died in service or were
dishonorably discharged during the long rule of Augustus. For a study of the strength
and disposition of the Roman army at the death of Augustus, cf. Mommsen’s R. G
pp-67-76.

4 The term of service in 741, was twelve years for praetorian soldiers and sixteen
for legionaries, raised in 758 to sixteen and twenty years respectively. Cf. c. I 7, N. 2.

5 The reading of Wolfflin and others (see textual note) would give instead of
“lands purchased by me,” “ I have assigned lands,” and instead of “ money for
farms, out of my own means” “ money for reward of service.” Bormann, Sr/zr. Nari].
p. 18-20, does not think that Augustus meant to state that he paid these charges from
private sources, but believes that such a statement would be irrelevant in this section,
if true, and an anticipation of cc. I 5 and I6.

6 Sextus Pompeius lost thirty ships at Mylae, and at Naulochus, out of three
hundred which he had, eighteen were sunk and the rest, with the exception of
seventeen, burned or captured. Cf. App. 8. C. V, 108, 1:8, 121. Plut. Am‘. 68, says

"

2

 

¢18 MONUMENTUM ANCYRANUM.

c. 4.
2: [Bis] ovans triumpha [Vi, tris egi c] urulis triumphés et appella-
[tus sum viciens
22 se] mel imperator. [Cum deinde phi] ris triumphos mihi se-
[natus decrevisset,

I, 22. deinde, B. autem.

c. 4.

Twice I have triumphed in the ovation,1 and three times in the
curule triumph} and I have been twenty-one times saluted as imperator.3

that Augustus took 300 ships at Actium. These captures give, in round numbers, 600
vessels.

C. 4. 1 The ovation was the lesser triumph. The general entered the city clad
as an ordinary magistrate, and on foot, or as here, (see the Greek), on horseback,
decked with myrtle. Suet. Aug. 22, says, these ovations were after Philippi, and the
Sicilian war; the former in 714, the latter, Nov. I3, 718. Cf. Dio XLVIII, 31,
XLIX, 15; C. I. L. I, p. 461.

2 In the curule triumph, for important victories, the general was vested in purple,
and rode in a four-horse chariot, preceded by the fasces. These three triumphs were
celebrated on the 13th, I4th and I 5th of August, 725, for the Dalmatian successes, the
victory of Actium and the capture of Alexandria. Cf. C. I. L. I, p. 328 and 478.
Prop. II, I, 31, ff, gives an eye-Witness’ account of the second day. Cf. Livy, Ep.
'CXXXIII; Suet. Aug. 22; Verg. Am. VIII; 714, Dio LI, 21.

3 The acclamation as z'mperaz‘or, on account of success in war, must be carefully
distinguished from the title used as a prefix to the name and as a mark of perpetual
authority. The title imperator was regularly and permanently assumed at the begin-
ning of each reign, after that of Augustus. To him it was formally assigned by the
senate, in Jan, 725. C. I. L., V, I873 : Sena/[us populusqzte Romanus imp. Czesari,
a’z'w'. juli. f. cos. quz'nrz‘. cos. design. sexl. imp. sept. refiublz'ca conservala. The term
thus had a double usage and meaning in such cases.

It soon came about that only the princeyfis could assume the special designation
for military successes, no matter whether won by him in person or not. Tacitus says,
Arm. III, 74: “ Tiberius allowed Blaesus to be saluted as imperator by the legions,
Augustus conceded the title to some, but Tiberius’ allowing it to Blacsus was the last
instance.” For a discussion of Imperm‘or as permanent title, see Gardthausen, p. 527,
and Merivale, History of flu Romans, 0. XXXI.

Most of the acclamations of Augustus as imperator can be traced. No Greek
inscription records them. A list follows. In the later instances Tiberius was associated.

I. April 15 (P) 711. After battles about Mutina. C. I. L. X, 8375 and Dio
XLVI, 38.
II. Not traced.
<III. Before 7I7. Cohen, Vipsan. 3, gives a coin with the words imp. diwijulz‘f.
ter. 11! Vz'r 71. p. c. M Agrippa cos. dang. Agrippa entered his consulship

Jan. I, 717.

r'
't
a
V
.
=4
'2‘
.
.

 

THE DEEDS OF AUGUSTUS. 19
C. 4.
9 412g é[7ré xé/lr/rog éfipzdlufieuo'a], rpic [3],; (i’pluarog, [5210-

10 003(ng xai (27w? alooayropeéfi‘qu abrojzpdrwp. T5:

 

1V. Probably connected with the Sicilian victory and ovation of 718.

V. 720 or 721. Probably connected with Dalmatian victories of one of those
years. Cf. C. I. L. V, 526.

Vi. From Sept. 2, 723, to 725. On account of Actium. Cf. Oros, VI, 19, I4.
C. I. L. X, 3826. Imp. Ccamri divi f. imp. vi, cos. iii (723). C, I. L,
X, 4830, imp. Cizrari divif. (or. v (725) imp. z/i.

VI]. From 725 to 729. C. I. L. VI, 87 3 : smatuspopu/usque Romauus imp. Ca:-
sari divi fuii f cos. guimt. (725) car. desig. sex. imp. sepi. rtpuéliaz conser-
vatzz. On account of Thracian and Dacian victory of M. Licinius Crassus.
Dio LI, 25, says: “ Sacrifices and festivals were decreed to Caesar and to
Crassus. He did not, however, as some say, take the name imperator. Caesar

_ alone assumed that.”

VIII. From 729 to 734. Two inscriptions at Nismes (Donat. 96, 6) read: imp.
Ciesari divi f. Auguslo cos. nonum (729) dexignaz‘o decimum, imp. octavum.
Dio L111, 26, says it was for a Celtic victory of Marcus Vinicius.

. From 734 to 739 (P) Coins have the inscription Augusz‘us Can-air diuf.
Arman. (apt. imp. viii. These commemorate the Armenian expedition of
Tiberius in 734. Possibly Augustus took the title on account of the return
of the captured standards from Parthia, which he accounted a greater triumph
than many a victory in open warfare.

X. 739 (P) to 742. C. I. L. V, 8088 and others: Augustus imp. x, triéunicia
palatal: xi. The latter falls in the years 742, 743. Probably referable to
successes in Rhaetian war of 739.

XI. 742. Coins (Cohen, n. 147—150) give: imp. xi. The causes were the suc—
cesses of Tiberius in Pannonia in 742. Dio LIV, 31.

XII. 743 to 744. C. I. L., III, 3117: imp. xii tr. pot. xiii and VI, 701, 702:
pautifex maximus, imp. xii :05. xi trié. pot. xiv. Referable to Germanic
victory of Drusus. Dio LIV, 33.

XIII. Tiberius Imp. 745. Suet., Tié. 9, says that Tiberius received the oration

for Pannonian and Dalmatian victories. Cf. Val. 5, 5, 3. Dio LV, 2.

XIV. Tiberius Imp. II. 746—7 5 5. Dio LV, 6, refers this acclamation to the Germanic
victories of 746. Many coins, milestones and other inscriptions of the period
indicated mention this fourteenth acclamation. Cf. C. I. L., II, 3827; 4931 ;
V, 7243; 7817; VI, 1244.

XV. 755. For the Armenian victory of C. Caesar. Dio Cass. LV, II. C. I. L.
X, 3827; pout. max., :05. iii (xiii) imp. xv, Zr. p. xxzx, p. p.

XVI. Untraced.

XVII. Tiberius Imp. III. 759. Dio LV, 28, referring to the German expedition

of Tiberius in 759, says, “ Nothing great was accomplished. Yet both Augus-
tus andITiberius received the acclamation as imperators.” Cf. Cl L. V.
6416.

4

£2

 

 

20 MONUMENTUM ANCYRANUM.

23 eis su] persedi [§]. I[tem saepe laur] us deposui, § in Capi-
[tolio votis, quae]

2A uoque bello nuncu [paveram, solu] tis. § Ob res a [me aut
per legatos]

25 nieos anspicis meis term in [ariqu]e pr [0] spere gestés qu [in-
quagiens et quin] -

26 quiens decrevit senétus supp [lica] ndum esse dis inimo [rtali-
bus. Dies autem

27 pe]r quos ex senatt’is consulto [s] upplicatum est, fuere DC—
[CCLXXXX. In triumphis

28 meis] ducti sunt ante currum n1[e] um regés ant r[eg] um
lib [eri no *em. Consul

29 fuer] am terdeciens, c[u] n1 [scribeb]a[ni] haec, [et agebam
se]p [timum et trigensimum annum

3o tribu]niciae potestatis.

I, 23. decrevisset, S. decerneret; item saepe, S. itaque modo; item saepe
laurus, B. laurumque potius.

I, 29. agebam, B. following Bergk, eram, and omits annum.
After that, when the senate decreed me many triumphs,4 I declined
them. Likewise I often deposited the laurels in the Capitol5 in fulfil-
ment of vows which I had also made in battle. On account of enter-
prises brought to a successful issue on land and sea by me, orby my
lieutenants under my auspices, the senate fifty-five times decreed that
there should be a thanksgiving to the immortal gods.6 The number of
days, moreover, on which thanksgiving was rendered in accordance with
the decree of the senate was eight hundred and ninety.7 In my tri-
umphs there have been led before my chariot nine kings, or children of
kings.8 When I wrote these words I had been thirteen times consul,
and was in the thirtyseventh year of the tribunitial power.9

 

XVIII. Tiberius Imp. 1V. Probably for successes in Illyricum.

XIX. Tiberius Imp. V, 762. Dio LVI, I7, refers to the Dalmatian war. A coin
of 763—4 (Cohen n. 27) gives : Ti. Cesar Augurt. f. imperial. v. pom‘i ex,
z‘riéim. polestate xii.

XX. Tiberius Imp. VI. 765. The cause is not clear, probably for slight successes
of Tiberius and Germanicus against the Germans in 763, 764. Dio LVI, 25.
A Spanish milestone, C. I. L. II, 4868, gives the data.

XXI. Tiberius Imp. VII. Tac. Ann. I, 9, says Augustus was twenty-one times
Imperator. A coin of Lyons (Cohen n. 35—38) has: 72'. Cesar Augusti f.
imperaz‘or VI]. This dates from the lifetime of Augustus. Tiberius did not
receive a further acclamation. ‘

4 a After his own victory over the Cantabri, that of Varro over the Salassi and
that of M. Vinicius over the Germans, in 729. Cf. Florus, IV, 12, 53.

 

THE DEEDS OF AUGUSTUS. 21

I I [aunxby’roo] . . . . dmpma. .,
I 2 . . . . .~ . . . my 2-5722 [daigawyvj‘t
r 3 . . . . . . . . . . .
I4 .

, [41:55 27). :rpdr];z[ara, (3]

16 [aortic 717' 5181 7(7):) npeafieurcfiy may] xaraipfiw-

17 0a, 7r[evr]r/xoyrdxzq [mé] nevrd[x:c é¢]2%pz'aaro >§

18 ao[wt}oyr] o; 050?: 35? [v] fibeaflaz. [‘Hpfipa: 0522 a6-

19 [ta]: é[x au]v[x177’rou] 6[é]7quar[o]g éréuovro 6xra[x]o'o:ae
enemy'-

20 [mm-a]. ’Eu [rjoic éyok [Optd/u] flog: [rt/Jo TOJB 5/105 (if/0-

21 p[ar0g fiaazyek 77‘ [flaw/Kemp na?]deg [napp’xfikoay

22 éwéa. § [(Iflfl‘df e[u]0u 7p); xai déx[aro] 12, fire rEaDJz'a

37:005900”:
:33 xaé firm]? flora]r[00'ro]v xai Efidopfiu dry/iapx]mfr
III.

a ,
I eqouasaq.
II, 16. Before éluflw \V. inserts raw.

 

b After the restoration of the standards by the Parthians in 734. Cf. Borghesi ll,
100 ff.

C After the victories of Tiberius in Germany in 746. Dio LV, 6.

d After the victories of Tiberius in Pannonia? Dio LVI, I7.

5 A part of the ordinary ceremonial of the triumph. Cf. Mommsen, Ram. St.
I, p, 6!, 95, Marquardt, Slaaz’werwalz‘ung, II, p. 582.

5 For a thanksgiving after the expedition of Tiberius into Armenia cf. Dio LIV,
9. Cf, also Cic. P/zil. XIV, II, 29. For two other instances, cf. Mommsen, R. G.,
appendix, pp. 161—178.

7 Not an incredible number. Thanksgivings were offered in julius Caesar’s time
of fifteen, twenty, forty and fifty days. Cf. Drumann III, 609, No. 84. Fifty days
were decreed for the victories of Hirtius, Pansa and Octavian in 711.

3 The only names traceable are those of Alexander and Cleopatra, the children of
Cleopatra and Alexander brother of Jamblichus, King of the Emesenes. Cf. Dio LI,
2, 21. ‘ Prop. 2, I, 33, tells of “Kings with their necks surrounded with golden
chains,” in the triumph of Aug. 14, 725.

9 The emperors assumed the consulship only irregularly and for short periods.
Their taking of the “tribunitial power” was not through a regular election to the
tribuneship, as yvas the case with the consulship, for Augustus as a patrician was
ineligible; but it was the assumption of a power equal to that of the tribunes. This
made the emperors sacrosanct, gave them the initiative and the veto, and well subserved
the fiction of their being the representatives and champions of the people. For dis—
cussions of this power cf. Merivale, Hist. of Ram. C. XXXI; Mommsen, 182517;. St.

II: P' 759) 771—777, 833‘845

 

22 MONUMENTUM ANCYRANUM.
C. 5.
31 [Dictatura]m et apsent [i etipraesenti mihi datam ....... a

populo et senatu

32 M. Marce]llo e[t] L. Ar[runtio consulibus non accepi. Non
recusavi in summa

33 frumenti p] enuri[a c] uratio[ne]m an [nonae, qu] am ita ad-
[ministravi, ut .....

34 paucis diebu]s metu et per[i]c[lo quo erat populu]m uni—
V[ersum meis impen-

35 Sis liberarem] . § Con [sulatum tum dat] um annuum e[t per-
petuum 11011

36 accepi.

c. 6.

37 Consulibus M. Vinucio et Q. Lucretio et postea R] et Cn.

L[entulis et tertium

I, 31. datam ......... a populo et senatu, W. nomine populi et senatus oblatam;
S. a populo et senatu ultro delatam; et senatu, S. senatuque Romano.

I, 33, 34. ut ......... paucis diebus, W. uti intra pauccs dies; B. ut paucissimis
diebus

I, 34. quo erat, W. and S. praescnti.

I, 34, 35. meis impensis, W. privaxa impensa; S. meis sumptibus.
c. 5.

The dictatorship which was offered to me by the people and the
senate, both when I was absent and when I was present, in the consul-
ship of Marcus Marcellus and Lucius Arruntius, I did not accept.1 At
a time of the greatest dearth of grain I did not refuse the charge of
the food supply, which I so administered that in a few days, at my own
expense, I freed the whole people from the anxiety and danger in which
they then were.2 The annual and perpetual consulship offered to me at

that time I did not accept.3
c. 6.

During the consulship of Marcus Vinucius and Quintus Lucre-
tius, and afterwards in that of Publius and Cnaeus Lentulus, and a

 

Succeeding emperors, down to 268 A. D., dated their accession from the day of
assuming the tribunitial power. The wording is peculiar in this sentence. May it not
have been that Augustus expected his heir or executors to fill in the exact dates at the
time of his death, as suggested in the introduction?

C. 5. 1 Bio, LIV, I, writes: “In the following year (732) the Tiber again overflowed;
statues in the Pantheon were struck by lightning, so that the spear was knocked out
of the hand of Augustus. Pestilence was so violent in all Italy that year that there
was no one to till the fields; and I think the same was the casein foreign lands. The
Romans thought that this plague and famine had come upon them, because they had

3
I
w

 

THE DEEDS OF AUGUSTUS. 23

c. 5.
2 Adz-5501305612 p0: dpxfiu xaé drréyn mi 7:206:21:
dadopéunu [find re 705 86/100 x012 777g auvxizy’rou
M[dpz]gu [M]apxébigu xaz‘ Aeuxc’cp ’Appouun'gu [Snai'rmg
0[1’;x 1-38] efd/mu. § 013 nappmadpmu 512 I}? [1575,0277
[r013] a[5!r]00 arraiye: rip) émyélezan 777g dropdg, in 013’—
[z‘wg e’mr‘xjdeflaa, diar’ 51) dllrazg ritze'pafig T016 7101,06pr
906,800 mi xii/d] 131200 701?; é/rafg downturn: 7612 1377/1012
slendeprfiaap]. ‘ narez’au re’ p0: 7678 de[d]0pzév77v 1012
10 e’[v]cauazozz xa[3 d]:[o‘:] ,8200 mix édeEd/nyu.

C. 6.

II ‘I'rrdrocg Mdpxgu Obzuoum'gu xai Koa'urgu A[ouxp]rr[z'cp]
12 2012 yera z'a[u]ra [10%]qu me Nan}; Aéwloec x012

001-430.)

KO OO\I

 

not made Augustus consul that year, they Wished to name him dictator, and with
great show of violence compelled the senate, shut up in the curia, to decree this ,
threatening to burn them unless they did it. So the senate approached Augustus with
the twenty-four fasces (insignia of dictatorship, the consul having only twelve), and
begged him to accept the dictatorship and the administration of the food supply. He
did indeed undertake the latter charge, and ordered that duumvirs, who had held the
praetorship five years before, should be yearly appointed to have charge of the distri-
bution of grain, but would by no means accept the dictatorship. When neither by
words nor prayers he could move the people, he tore his garments. For he justly
Wished to avoid the jealousy and hatred of that name, since moreover, he already held
a dignity and power superior to that of the dictatorship.” Vell. II, 89, 5, says: “ The
dictatorship which the people persistently thrust upon hi 1m, he as constantly repelled.”

The dictatorship had fallen into disuse after 552, and was revived, irregularly, by
Sulla in 672. Caesar made it the basis of his power, being made perpetual dictator shortly
before his death. After that event, on motion of Antony, the office was abolished.

2 In Chap. I 5, Augustus states that in 731 he twelve times distributed grain at
his own expense. This assumption of the grain administration in 732 was not strictly

‘ a charity. The extract from Dio under Note I, gives some of the details. It IS»

probable that from this time the tribute in kind was turned into the firms, or imperial
treasury, instead of into the ararz'um, or treasury of the senate, as heretofore. This
new task of the imperial government involved not merely the gratuitous distribution of
grain to the ordinary Roman citizens (after 752 even to senators and knights), but-
also the providing of a sufficient supply of grain for all purchasers at a minimum price,
often below the market value. It appears that grain tickets “tessarae frumentariae ”
were distributed to the citizens entitled to free grain, and then, to assist the vast multi— ,
tude of strangers, freedmen, and attacfiés of the great houses, money tickets, “ tessarae
nummariae ” were given out. Cf. Mommsen, R5772. 51., II, 992. '
3Vell. II, 89 ; Suet. Aug. 26; Dio, LIV, IO. Dio’s statement that Augustus in 7 35
accepted the consular power (differing from the consulship as the tribunitial power.
from the tribuneship. Cf. Note 9, Chap. 4.) for life, cannot be correct in face of tb

l)
.1)

MONUMENTUM ANCYRANUM.

38 Paullo Fabio Maximo et Q. Tuberone senatu p0puloq]u[e
Romano consen-
39 tientibus] .

4o
41
42
c. 7.
43 ~
44 . . . . . [Princeps senatus fui usque ad

eum diem, quo scrips] eram [haec,

third time in that of Paullus Fabius Maximus and Quintus Tubero, by
the consent of the senate and the Roman people I was voted the sole charge
of the laws and of morals, with the fullest power ;1 but I accepted the
proffer of no office which was contrary to the customs of the country.2

The measures of which the senate at that time wished me to take charge, 7

I accomplished in virtue of my possession of the tribunitial power.3 In
this office I five times associated with myself a colleague, with the con-
sent of the senate.‘
c. 7.
For ten years in succession I was one of the triumvirs for organiz-

ing the commonwealth.1 Up to that day on which I write these words

 

other two authorities cited, who corroborate Augustus here. Chapter 8 tells of two
special assumptions of the consular power for the taking of the second and third census.

C. 6. 1 Before the restoration of the text of this inscription, in this case depending
entirely upon the remains at Apollonia, it used to be taught that Augustus accepted
the formal superintendence of laws and morals. And there seemed to be good ground
for such belief. Horace, c., 740 in Carm. IV, 5, v. 22, says, “ Morality and law have
subdued foul wrong ;” and in E71, II, I, v. I, “ Since thou hast protected Italy with
arms, adorned her with morality, and improved her with laws.” Ovid wrote, Trivia,
II, 233: “ The city wearies thee with the care of laws and morals, which thou desirest
should be like thy own.” Suet. Aug. 27, says : “ He accepted the control of laws
and morals for life, as he had the tribunitial power; and in the exercise of this control,
altho’ without the honor of the censorship, he yet thrice took the census of the people,
the first and third times with a colleague, the second time alone.” Dio, LIV, 10, 30,
says that in 735 and 742 Augustus accepted this office for periods of five years. But
the inscription shows that Suetonius and Dio were wrong, and that a natural but incor-
rect inference had been drawn from the poets.

This power was offered to Augustus three times: in 735, 736 and 734, and as
often refused. Why was it offered, and why refused? Cf. Dio, LIV, Io; Veil. II,
9x, 92; Suet. Aug. 19. While Augustus was in Asia in 735 M. Egnatius Rufus, who
spainted as a sort of Catiline, tried to obtain the consulship, and even to supplant
1

THE DEEDS OF AUGUSTUS. 25

I 3 rpc’roy 170101.190 (Pa/3:27) Magi/.49) mi K0!v[rq)] Tou-
14 flépw: § 1'57: [re fluuxlzjrou m2 1'05 6277.100 105

15 ‘Pwpaz'wu onoloflofiurwy, Elia e’mpeyryriyg

16 rap re polawv mi rah) rpéxwv EB?) 17? gag/Ear?)
17 [5:100:7[251 p]é[vo]q 23900102277895 §, d‘oxa‘yv 0685—
18 y[e'a]u TNILOCl r62 7rd]rp[:a] 5W}; dzdoyéwyu (in/58$—
19 Edlumr § 6% 89: 7615 53 éyofi >7 abvxhyrog 05-

20 xovopeflrfla: éfioé/lsro, rfig dnpapyzxfig éEo[u]-

21 050:; (by érélefia. [flat radr‘q; (162-27; 727"; dpxiq»
22 awdpxovra [aér]og dm‘) mfg Guvxiay’rou flap]—

2 3 rd)“: aim’aa: [éflafiom

IV. c. 7.
I szcfw dvdpcb'v éyeuéwyu 6377100in npar/ra’z'wv
2 xaropfiw‘n‘yc auyexémv s’remy 5m. § [Zosz-av

III, 14. Last word Apoll., 1-013, Auc. raw.

 

Augustus, and stirred up sedition in the attempt. This so alarmed the senate and
people that they offered Augustus the plenary power of legislation and coercion. The
repetition of the offer in 736 was from a similar cause. The reason for that of 743 is
unknown. The power thus offered was analogous to the decemvirate, or the Sullan
dictatorship. Cf. Mommsen, Ram, Sat, II, 686. ‘

2 This sentence answers the second question asked in Note I. It was part of Au—
gustus’ policy to seem to keep wholly within the lines of the constitution. Hence his
refusal to accept any extraordinary office. Yet his tribunitial power was new and
extraordinary. Tacitus’ comment is caustic, Aim, III, 56: “That specious title
( the tribunitial power) importing nothing less than sovereign power, was invented by
Augustus at a time when the name of king or dictator was not only unconstitutional
but universally detested. And yet a new name was wanted to overtop the magistrates
and the forms of the constitution.”

3 Dio, LIV, 16, names three laws promulgated by Augustus in 7 36 : one took
cognizance of bribery by candidates for office ; a second dealt with extravagance; and
a third was for the encouragement of matrimony.

4 a in 736 Agrippa was associated with Augustus for five years. Cf. Dio, LIV,
12; Vell. II, 90; Tac. Amz. III, 56. bin 741 Agrippa again for five years. Cf. Dio,
LIV, 12, 28. 0in 748 Tiberius for five years. Cf. D10, LV, 9; Vell, II, 99; Suet.
Tié. 9, 10, II. din 757 Tiberius for ten years. Cf. Dio, LV, I3; Vell. II, 103;
Tac. 217272., I, 3, 10. Bin 766 Tiberius for an indefinite time. Cf. Dio, LVI, 28.

C. 7. 1Suet. Aug. 27: “He administered the triumvirate for organizing the
commonwealth through ten years.” Cf. C. I. L. I, p. 461 and p. 466. The first
triumvirate lasted from Nov. 27, 711, to Dec. 31, 716; the second from Jan. I, 717,
to Dec. 31, 721. But cf. 0. 34, N. I. ‘

 

LL: MONUMENTUM ANCYRANUM.

4 5 per annos quadraginta. Pontifex maximus, augur, quin-
decimviru] 1n sacris [faciundis,

46 septemvirum epulonum, frater arvalis, sodalis Titius, fetiali]s
fui.

II. C. 8.

r Patriciorum numerum auxi consul quintum iussfi populi et
senatus. §Sena—
2 turn ter legi. et In consulatu sexto cénsum populi conlega M.
Agrippa égi. §
I have been princeps of the senate through forty years? I have been
pontifex maximusf augur,4 a member of the quindecemviral college of
the sacred rites” of the septemviral college of the banquets,6 an Arval
Brother,7 a. member of the Titian sodality,S and a fetial.9

c. 8.

In my fifth consulship, by order of the people and the senate, I
increased the number of the patricians.1 Three times I have revised
the list of the senate.2 In my sixth consulship, with Marcus Agrippa
as colleague, I made a census of the people. I performed the lustration

2 Cf. Dio, Lin, 1. This title had been conferred upon the senior senator who
had served as censor. Its only privilege was the iright of speaking first in debate.
The honor had fallen into abeyance with the death of Catulus in 694. It is readily
seen how the revival of such a title and of the right to express his views before any
other senator, gave Augustus a quasi-constitutional initiative in the senate. Gradually
the title dropped its second part, and “prince ” began to have something of its modern
significance. Cf. Tacitus, Amz. III, 53, for Tiberius’ view of its meaning.

Augustus’ notation of time here, “through forty years,” is similar to the “ thirty-
seventh year of the tribunitial power” in Chap. IV, or “the seventy-sixth year” of
Chap. 36.

3 He was made ponzifex in 706 by ‘TuliusLCaesar. Cf. Cic. P/zz'l. V, I7, 46; Vell.
II, 59. For his taking the office of pantzfix maxz'mus cf. c. 10, N. 3.

4The date of Augustus’ assumption of the augurate is discussed by Drumann,
IV, 250. Coins are the chief witnesws, and their testimony is confused. The date
probably was 713 or 714.

5 A coin of Augustus (Cohen, [u]. 60; Aug. 88) has imp. Caesar dim' f. [[1 vir
2767’. r. p. c. (as. z'ler. ct fart design, which fixes the time as between 717 and 720; it has
also the tripod, the symbol of the quindecemvirate.

5 We can say only that Augustus received this dignity before 738 ; for there is a
coin of that year showing the sz'mpulum, the Zz'tuus and the tripod, thesymbols respec-
tively of the three ioregoing offices, and the patera, or bowl, that of the septemviral
office. The four colleges thus associated are the chief ones. Cf. Chap. 9.

 

THE DEEDS OF AUGUSTUS. 27

dfzcéparog 21577022 é’axou r77: auvxly'rou dxp:

ratify; 2‘5; éne’pag, 1’}: radra 53306150012, ém‘ 52'); recr-
oapdxoura. § ’Apxrepedg, § 015700;), § 11522 dexan'éwe du-
dpéu rcfiu feponozcbu, § ICED ém-a‘z o’wdpcfiu Eepon'oz-

(5;), § dweflgobg dpoudicc, § érafpog Tircog, § gar/mils;

\IO\Cn—l>-C»

c. 8.
8 2"sz [rt-aflplewv 2-622 dsz/zou 8558900: aépmou
9 5xar[og 571:1]05727 10?) re 3777102) m2 777; dome/17‘;—
10 2'00. § [T7722 aéJynyrou 1,02; énéleé’a. § ”Exrou {5720:-
II to; rip: dnlokeé/njcrw 105 66/10!) auudpxou-
12 [flat Ezwv Mdpxou ’Arplmrau Elafiov, in; d7ro-

7 The name of Augustus is twice found in the Ada Fray/um Arr/alz'um, once in
May, 767, in recording a vote, and in Dec., 767, in the record of the nomination of his
successor.

3 Tacitus says the Titian Sodality was instituted by Titus Tatius for keeping up the
Sabine ritual. Cf. Ann. I, 54. The record here is all thatLis known of Augustus’
connection with it.

9 The fetials had charge of the formalities in declaring war and peace. Dio L, 4,
says that Augustus went through the old-fashioned ceremonies in declaring war against
Cleopatra.

These three colleges had fallen into abeyance in the time of Cicero. Augustus
undoubtedly revived them. Cf. Suet. Aug. 31. Such restoration, and religious con-
servatism in general, as even in the case of Domitian, marks the policy of the emperors
for two hundred years, and was one of their favorite methods of posing simply as
restorers of the good old times.

C. 8. 1 In 725. The Saenian law, passed by the people in 724, authorized this
proceeding, and the senate’s decree followed. Hence the order, “ people and senate.”
Cf. Tac. Aim. XI, 25; Die, LII, 42. An earlier creation of patricians is assigned by
Dio to the year 721. But he is probably mistaken, as Tacitus, in the passage just
noted, says that Claudius was obliged to create more patricians, “ because the number
had declined even after being recruited by the dictator Caesar under the Cassian law,
and by Augustus the princeps under the Saenian law.” Such a creation was not a
right of the principate. Caesar and Augustus did it by special authorization of people
and senate. Claudius did it in virtue of his censorship, and this status continued till
Domitian absorbed the censorship in the principate, and assumed the right as a per-
manent one.

‘ During most of the republican history the senate numbered, ideally, three hun-
dred. In Cicero’s time it had over four hundred members. Julius Caesar raised
it to about nine hundred. Suet. Aug, 35, says : “ By two separate scrutinies he
(Augustus) reduced to their former number and splendor the senate, which had been
swamped by a disorderly crowd; for they were now more than a thousand, and some

28 MONUMENTUM ANCYRANUM.

3 Lt’istrum post annum alterurn et quadragensimnm féc[i]. §
@116 lustre civi—
4 um Romanorum censa sunt capita quadragiens centum millia
et sext—
5 g[1] nta tria millia. [§] [Item] 111 consulari cum imperio
ltistrurn
6 [s]olus féci C. Censorin [0 et 0] Asinio cos. § Quo ldstro
censa sunt
7 civiurn Romanoru [1n capita] quadragiens centum millia et
ducen—
8 ta triginta tria rn[1llia. T ertin]m consulari cum imperio
léstrum
9 conlega Tib. Ca e[sa1e 11110 feci]§ Sex. Pompeio et Sex. Ap-
puleio cos.
KO @116 lt’tstro ce [nsa sunt civium R0] 11121116111111 capitum quadra-
giens
1 I centurn 111111 r1a et nongenta tr] iginta et septern millia. §
I 2 Legibus 11ov1[s latis complura e] xempla maiorum exolescentia

ll, 9. S. inserts meo after filio.
ll, 12. complura, B. et multa.

after forty—one years. In this lustration the number of Roman citizens
was four million and sixty-three thousand? Again assuming the con-
sular power in the consulship of Gaius Censorinus and Gaius Asinius,
I alone performed the lustration. At this census the number of Roman
citizens was four million, two hundred and thirtyEthousand. 4 A third
time, assuming the consular power in the consulship of Sextus Pom-
peius and S xtus Appuleius, with Tiberius Caesar as colleague, I per-
formed the lustration. At this lustration the number of Roman citizens
was four million, nine hundred and thirty-seven thousand. 5 By new
lerislation I have restored many customs of our ancestors which had

of them very mean persons, who, after Caesar’s death, had been chosen by dint of inter-
est and bribery, so that they had the name of Orcini among the people.” They were
also called Charonites, because they owed their elevation to the last will of Caesar, who
had gone into Orcus to Charon. Dio, XL, 48, 63, tells of freedmen in the senate and,
XLIII, 22, of a private soldier; Gell., XV, 4, of a muleteer, cf, Juvenal, Sal. VII,
I99.

Dio, LII, 42, cf. LIII, I , tells of the first scrutiny, in 725—6. Ahint from Augus-
tus was enough to cause the Withdrawal first of sixty, then of one hundred and forty
senators. He also tells, LIV, 13, 14, of a further revision in 736, by which the num-

 

 

THE DEEDS OF AUGUSTUS. .‘m

13 [reigning #310: [00025 2502] 75000.002100’2'09 e’wau-
I4 70:» [flows [:Mec'i r5327. ’Eu 37 Chara/070:5 W1 wyaéwy
15 erec[707'0]al 2270] xegoafiae cerpaxopmx éjé'r'zop-
16 10: ,uuLma’ée; 250:2 7,0507’5'l5a5. 213075000 037mm»—

17 x77 éfloumfl 710220; Paige) 6742200053290 250:5]

18 Pain) [’Aazm’cp firmiroc 5: rip) dxoreép‘go‘w 520,9012']
19 50 [77] arr[0:‘c.r‘>7ae 575502700070 (Prat/051

20 my rerflaazomw 522005 705?; 72005005: 205 71053}?

21 TIE/[0’ .. KER! 1",062'09 070570577 $300056}. 70.; (ITO’Z‘Et/x‘f/1—

A .: ’ )5 Q 3/ / Q r [w
2 r: [5] c)0z[,00]u, [570412 [:waoyoyra T57 5050; J!
[101300.001 TOD Ufoy 710p}: Sup [7007:0501 2505]
V. 1
V rt— 3 .5 ~_ I r_ / 5 2f ~ I
I aeem) i/inrrou/ingu 0.0105; 522 77 (Li-[075570277055
2‘ er55zr77'0avro ‘Pwuw'wu rerpazémw e’yemjxoyra

7055”: 7050,05de .02 57:“: 052507352505. § Eiaamrrby 20.5-

4 you: VOUOUC wok/id 775070312 dovafcuv Edd-3y za-

I

raluoueua 05(00190maa‘r 7y 20.5 (1.027): 7:022ch

 

her was brought down to six hundred. He assigns a third sifting to 743 (LIV, 35),
and a fourth to 757 (LV, I3). Mommsen, however, is inclined to connect the time
revisions of Augustus with the censuses of 726, 746 and 767, and to regard tho-e of
736 and 757 as extraordinary, and therefore not named by Augustus, in his desire to
appear entirely within constitutional lines. Cf, Mommsen, 1?. 6., p. 35.

3 Suetonius evidently depends on this inscription when he says, Aug. 27 : "' Three
times he took the census of the Roman people, the first and third times with a col-
league, the second time alone.” This first census was in 725—6. Cf. Dio, LII7 42 ;
LIII, I ; C. I. L. IX, 422, imp. Caesar V], [l]. Agrzfpa 11005.; idem 067150770 fro/es-
tate [usz‘rum farerum‘.

The lustrum was strictly the expiatory offering made at the close of the census.
The census had not been taken for forty-one years. The number of Roman citizens
of military age in 684 had been given as but 4 50,000. This census of 726 reported
" 4,063,000. Probably the vast apparent increase rose from the fact of the earlier enumer-
ation counting only such as presented themselves before the censors in the city, while
at the later time the citizens throughout the empire were counted. Clinton, Fasti [Zel-
lem'cz’, III, 461, estimates a total free citizenship of more than 17,000,000. The total
population of the empire at this time, including citizens, allies, slaves and freedmen,
has been estimated at 85,000,000. Cf. Merivale, Rom. cc. XXX, XXXIX.

The Greek of the inscription here reads erroneously 4,603,000.

4 In 746. The result, 4,233,000, shows a gain of 170,000.

5 In 767. Just before the death of Augustus. Result, 4,937,000; gain since 746,
704,000.

30 MONUMENTUM ANCYRANUM.

13 iam ex nost [r0 usu reduxi et ipse] multarum rér [um exem] -
pla imi-
14 tanda pos [teris tradidi.

c. 9.

15 V ota pro valetudine mea suscipi per cons] ulés et sacerdotes
qu [into]

16 qu [oque anno senatus decrevit. EX iis] votis s[ae]pe fecerunt
vivo

17 me [ludos aliquotiens sacerdotu]m quattuor amplissima collé—
18 [gia, aliquotiens consules. Privat]im etiam et mfinicipatim
finiversz'
19 [cives sacrificaverunt sempe]r apud omnia pulvinéria pro
vale-
2o [tudine mea.
0. IO.

21 Nomen meum senatus consulto inc] lusum est in saliére carmen
et sacrosan—

II, 13. reduxi, B. sanxi; S. revocavi.

Ll, 15. suscipi, B. suscipere,

II, 16. iis, S. quibus.

II, 17. me ludos aliquotiens, W. mihi ludos interdum; aliquotiens, B. votivos
modo.

II, 18. aliquotiens, W. interdum ; aliquotiens consules, B. modo consules ejus
annL

II, 19. sacrificaverunt, B. sacrificia; \V. supplicaverunt; semper, B. concor-
diter ; W. unanimiter.
II, 20. B. adds fecerunt.

now begun to fall into disuse, and I have myself also committed to
posterity many examples worthy of imitation.6

c. 9.

The senate decreed that every fifth year vows for my good health
should be performed by the consuls and the priests. In accordance
with these vows games have been often celebrated during my lifetime,
sometimes by the four chief colleges, sometimes by the consuls.1 In
private, also, and as municipalities, the Whole body of citizens have
constantly sacrificed at every shrine for my good health.2

0. 10.
By a decree of the senate my name has been included in the Salian

 

 

THE DEEDS OF AUGUSTUS. 3I

6 away/mirror) ”alumna épaurou 70?; ,usrs'mz-
7 T0. flapédwxa.

c. 9.
'17 \ (_\ .~ 3 ~ ‘ V \ y
8 Lula: U/LEP 27/; em}; awry/J50; dua/tayfidusw
'x\ \ ~ (
9 0:0: 1'le ondrwu mi fepéwv mop err/Cary» neu—
IK‘ . 7
IO rempto . e’gbngpz’aaz'o ti window”. 5’}: rou-
II raw 2'er :35er fileza'rdzg ére’vouro 19571:,

\\E

\ \ I ~
12 TOTE [rep 8’}: 2" : awapyca; raw TSO'O'd‘OwV fepé—
\ Q <' ~ ’ ‘ a ‘ x
I 3 a»), rare as 07:?) mm omit-(up. [tat m2" Milan (is m:

V Y 7 ~
14 xara rte/leg: commute: of xolecra: (371019;),ua-

— M w” ‘L .223 ,.'
I b o[oy] awezw, efluaav wrap 7/7S gage 0'a)[t]/’/‘f)5//.’. .

c. IO.
16 T a Kipp/4d ,uoo aowd‘y’z'ou Boy/ran éumpze/iif-

5 Suetonius, Aug. 34, relates his endeavors to compel matrimony. In Chap.
89, Suetonius writes: “In reading Greek or Latin authors he paid particular
attention to precepts and examples which might be useful in public or private life.
These he used to extract verbatim, and give to his domestics, or send to the comman-
ders of the armies, the governors of the provinces, or the magistrates of the city, when
any of them seemed to stand in need of admonition. He likewise read whole books
to the senate, and frequently made them known to the people by his edicts; such as the
orations of Quintus Metellus ‘For the Encouragement of Marriage,’ and those of Rutil-
ins ‘ On the Style of Building ;’ to show the people that he was not the first who had
promoted those objects, but that the ancients likewise had thought them worthy of their
attention.” Cf. Livy, E1). LIX; Gell., I, 6.

C. 9. 1 These games were first held in 726, and every fourth year thereafter. The
expression “every fifth year” counts the year of the games as the fifth of the old
series and also the first of the new. The consuls, or rather the consul Agrippa,
Augustus not holding games in his own honor, celebrated the games of 726, the
pontifices those of 7 30, the augurs those of 7 34, the quindecemvirs those of 738, and
the septemvirs those of 742. Cf. c. 7, N. 6. These games are mentioned by Dio,
L111, 1, 2; LIV, 19; Pliny, [£51. Nat. VII, 48, I58; Suet. Aug. 44. They
came to a close with the life of Augustus. We do not hear of them in con-
nection with any subsequent emperor. Vows for his good health had a special
fitness, for according to Suetonius, Aug. LXXXI, he was almost an invalid. “ During
his whole course of life he suffered at times dangerous fits of sickness. He was sub-
ject to fits of sickness at stated times every year, for about his birthday he was
commonly indisposed. In the beginning of spring he was attacked with an
inflammation of the midriff ; and when the wind was southerly, with a cold in his
head. By all these complaints his constitution was so shattered that he could not
readily bear heat or cold.”

2 Cf. Suet. Aug. 59 and 98; Hor. Carm. IV, 5, 33; Die, LI, 19.

N

MONUMENTUM ANCYRANUM.

L0

22 [etus ut essem ....... et ut q] uoa [d] Vivereni, tribunicia
potestas mihi

23 [esset, lege sanctum est. Pontif] ex maximus ne fierem in
Vivi [C] onle-

24 [gae locum, populo id saee]rdotium deferente mihi, quod
pater men [s

25 habuit, recusavi. Cepi id] sacerdotium aliquod post annos e6
mor—

26 [tuo qui Civilis inotus 0] ccasione occupaverat [§], cuncta ex
Italia

:7 [ad comitia mea . . . . tanta mu]ltitudine, quanta Romae

nun [q] uam
:28 [antea fuisse fertur, coeunte] P. Sulpicio C. Valgio eon-
sulibu[s] §.

C. II.

29 [Aram Fortunae reduci iuxta? ae] de’s Honoris et Virtutis ad
portam
30 [Capenam pro reditu ineo se] natus consacravit, in qua ponti-

II, 22. sacrosanctus ut essem ....... . W. sacrosancta ut esset persona mea, or
sacrosancta potestate ut essem.

II, 25. habuit, B. habuerat; cepi id, B. quod.

II, 2 . qui civilis motus, B, suscepi qui id tumultus.

II, 27. ad comitia mea ....... .. B. propter mea comitia, or comitiorum eaussa;
Sk. inserts coeunte before ad,

II, 28. fertur, Sk. memoriae proditur; omits coeunte.

II, 29. reduci, B. reducis.

hymn,1 and it has been enacted by law that I should be sacrosanct, and
that as long as I live I should be invested with the tribunitial power.2
I refused to be made pontifex oizaxriimts in the place of a colleague still
living, when the people tendered me that priesthood which my father
held. I accepted that oflice after several years, when he was dead who
had seized it during a time of civil disturbance; and at the comitia for
my election, during the consulship of Publius Sulpicius and Gaius
Valgius, so great a multitude assembled as, it is said, had never before
been in Rome.3
0. 11.

Close to the temples of Honor and Virtue, near the Capena gate,
the senate consecrated in honor of my return an altar to Fortune the
Restorer, and upon this altar it ordered that the pontifices and the Vestal

 

 

THE DEEDS OF AUGUSTUSO 3 “

LN

I7 (1.0%? a? [g 701)]; aa/ie'cuu fiypoug. xaz‘ E'Va fepdg g}
18 dad D320} [2'15 77‘722 d‘qyapxm‘yv é’XL/J e’Eouaiap,

! a, I I )y , r ‘ a r I
19 uoDrclu EAJ'J‘Owly‘ly. § Apyzspwauyyu, 77)) 0 970.7%0
20 [/1100 [so-y] 773:5: rou (hf/100 yo: xaragpe’poyro;

21 5?; 78):) 2'05 ((52270; rdnov, 03 apoaedeé'd—

A ~ I I a \
22 ,u[>7]u. § [7]» apywparecay [and 27120.; emauroug
VI.

dfloflapdvrog 105 T‘onaI-EIIIWSDO’TCL: (1.13-

7‘

2'97)» 522 fro/lemma?” rapayaig, dyer/0790a, 5!;

CMNH

rd spat dpxaepe’ora 55 5,277; rig ’[raZz’ag mand—
4 Km!) abjdoug awe/27710616709 500v 00852:

5 é’wrpoazyey fordpyaev e’rré (Pal/177; 757022462205: [70—
6 mild) Eon/twain) xa? Tait}; Ulla/trig) dadrmg.

C. II.
7 8(1)de To)”; mot-721050!) érrép 177g é/mig sitar/(5801)
‘ 8 mp6; 277 Ira/Tip?) mliqy‘zj adwlyrog dgpcépwaev'

 

C. 10. 1 Dio writes of the year 725, LI, 20: “ When letters were brought about
Parthian affairs it was decreed that he should be named in the hymns exactly as were
the gods.” Tiridates, a Parthian pretender, sought the aid of Augustus. Cf. Chap.
32, and Dio, LI, 18. Augustus balanced Tiridates against Phraates, the legitimate
monarch, who sent an embassy, and gave his son to Rome as a hostage.

2 In 7I8, when Lepidus had been overthrown, the tribunitial power had been
given to Octavian, as formerly to Julius, for life. Inviolability of personjwas one of
the privileges of the tribunate. Cf. Oros. VI, 18, 34; Dio, XLIX, 15 ; LI, 18; L111,
32, These two later statements relating to the years 724 and 731, Mommsen thinks
have to do, the former with the extension of the tribunitial power beyond the city, and
the latter to the making it annual, as well as perpetual, so that the years of the princi-
pate could be reckoned by it. Cf. Chap. 4, note 9. Cf. also App. 8. C. V, I 32, and
for a discussion of the tribunitial power as an expression of the principate, cf.
Mommsen, Ram. St. II, 833, ff.

Wolllin, cf. textual note, suggests, to fill the gap confessedly left by Mommsen’s
emendation, a reading which would be translated “that my person should be
sacrosanct.”

3 Augustus here characteristically avoids the name of Lepidus. The latter “in
the confusion and tumult had seized the supreme pontificate,” cf. Livy, E15. CXVII,
“by craf ,” cf. Velleius II, 63; “Antony transferred the election of the pontifex
maximus from the people to the priests again, and through them initiated Lepidus,
almost entirely neglecting the customs of the fathers.” Cf. Dio, XLIT, 5 3. Lepidus
dying in 741, cf. Dio, LIV, 27, Augustus entered upon the office Mar. 6, 742. Cf.

3

34. MONUMEN’I‘UM ANCYRANUM.

3r [fices et Virgines Vestales anni] versarium sacrificium facere
32 [iussit die, quo consulibus Q. Luc] retio et [M. Vinuci]o in
urbem ex
:33 [Syria redi, et diem Augustali]a ex [c]o[gnomine nost] ro
appellavit.
c. 12.

34 [Senatus consulto eodem tempor]e pars [praetorum et tri] bu-
norum

‘35 [plebi cum consule Q. Lucret]io et princi[pi]bus [viris ob]-
viam mihi

36 mis[s]a e[st in Campan]ia[m, qui] honos [ad hoc tempus]
nemini prae-

3.7 ter [m]e es [t decretus. Cu]m ex H [ispa] nia Gal[liaque,
rebus in his p] rovincis prosp [e] -

38 re [gest]i[s], R[on1a1n redi] Ti. Ne [r] one P. Qui[11tilio
consulibu]s [§], aram

,39 [Pacis A]u[g] ust [ae senatus pro] redi[t]i’1 meo co[nsacrari
censuit] ad cam-

II, 32. B. inserts co before die.
II, 33. redi, B. redieram.
II, 36. S. inserts ante after honos.

virgins should offer sacrifice yearly on the anniversary of the day on
which I returned into the city from Syria, in the consulship of Quintus
Lucretius and Marcus Vinucius, and it called the day the Augustalia,

from our cognomen.1
c. 12.

By a decree of the senate at the same time a part of the prsetors
and tribunes of the people with the consul Quintus Lucretius and lead-
ing citizens were sent into Campania to meet me, an honor which up to
this time has been decreed to no one but me.1 \Vhen I returned from
Spain and Gaul after successfully arranging the affairs of those prov-
inces, in the consulship of Tiberius Nero and Publius Quintilius, the
senate voted that in honor of my return an altar of the Augustan Peace
should be consecrated in the Campus Martins, and upon this altar it

 

C. I. L. , I. p. 387. It was unlawful to deprive a living man of this office, cf. App, 8.
(7., V, I 31. .

C. II. 1 October I2, 735. In C. I. L. I. p. 404, is found an inscription of that date :
.».Feriae ex senalus camuh‘o, guoa’ 60 die imp. Cesar Augustus ex trammarz'ni:

 

THE DEEDS OF AUGUSTUS. 35

\ 2’ \ g \ \ C I a I
9 7:00: ca 700: (ape g zae rag zepecag, ewaumoy 29!)-
IO trio: 1;

"it

I

70:5 v éxé/ieuae 8’22 ézec’yy 277 fiyépla,

II iv 7/ omit-0:: him-(In Aouzpr/rz'cp xae‘ Md‘oxc‘u
I2 Odwouzz'cp ex 230ng 52g (Pal/my énauelflu-

I 3 flap], 777/12 re yeluéloau ex 7‘5: é/rsrépag enamo—
I4 [dag filooa‘qrépeuaeu Adrouardiza.

C. 1°.
15 Aérpar: 0'[U] pic/lira!) of rd; pariarag dpxa‘: cip-
16 €aws[g 0']le #5305: (”loamy/(Dy xaz‘ dypdpxwy
‘ ( I ’ 7 / 3 7
I7 ysra wr[a]rou .80sz0!) Aouxpmzou eneygpflq»
I8 adv p0: Dnawy’aoweg ,ue'xpe Ira/anam'ag, in:
19 res/17‘? yelp: rout-00 odds €222 52 #7‘7 5/102 ét/mgpc'a-
20 79v. §”0rs 5’5 ‘Iovrazzz'a; xaE Falariag, 1-ch €12 rad-
21 mag ta”: s’rmpxee’az; nparpdrwy zarc‘z rd: ed—
22 Z62: releafléwwp, sf: (Pal/17722 énaufi/flov §
2 3 7199510ng [Ne] pan»: xai Hair/3.290 117059152591) (Emirate,
VII.

I flwyby E[Zp]>7'm7§ Ssfi’aafig (Step 2'27; 571%; exami—

 

prozzz'ncz's uréem intram'z‘ drag (m) Forz‘unae rea’ucz' camz‘z’z‘um. There are also gold
and silver coins (Eckhel VI, 100; Cohen, Aug. nos. 102—108) with the inscription,
Forfzmat reducz', Cremm' Augusto renaz‘us fiapu/mgue Romanus, Dio, LIV, Io, tells
that Augustus after having arranged matters in Sicily, Greece, Asia and Syria, returned
to Rome, and that many honors were decreed to him, but that he would accept none
of them, “ but that an altar should be consecrated to Fortune the Restorer, that the
day should be accounted a feast day, and that it should be called the Augustalia.”

The location near the Porta Capena was chosen, because it was through that
gate Augustus would enter the city, coming by the Appian Way from Brundisium.
The altar was dedicated on Dec. 15, C. I. L. X, 8375. Cf. Dio, LI, 19; App. 8. C.
II, 106.

C. 12. 1 Dio, LIV, to, relates that in this year there were great tumult‘s in connection
with the consular comitia, and no election was possible. In consequence of this the
senate sent messengers to Augustus urging him to deal with the trouble. Q. Lucretius,
one of the delegates, was named consul by Augustus on the spot where they met. It is
Mommsen’s idea (1?. 67., p. 48) that the story of Dio, and the statement of Augustus
relate to the same event, and that Augustus was not willing to admit that so late in his
reign, such disturbances could be, and that he therefore conveys the impression that what
was really an appeal forgaid was rather an embassy of honor. This Mommsen thinks
quite in keeping with the general character‘and method of Augustus. Bormann, on the
other hand (Sc/Er. Nazi, p. 29), sees no conflict in the two accounts. He believes
that Dio narrates truthfully enough an earlier deputation sent to Augustus, possibly at

36 MONUMENTUM ANCYRANUM.

40 [pum Martium, in qua n1a]gistratus et sac[erd0tes et Virgines]

V [est] a [les
41 anniversariuin sacrific] iu111 facer[e iussit.

C. 13.

42 Ianum] Quirin [11111, quem cl] aussum ess [e maiores nostri
voluer] unt,

43 [cum p]e1‘ totuin i[n1periu111 p0] puli Ron1a[ni terra marique
es] set parta Vic-

44 [torii]s pax, cum pr[ius, quam] nascerer, [a condita] u[rb]e
bis 0n111i110 Clausum

45 [f] uisse prodatur 111[em0ri] ae, ter me princi[pe senat] us
claudendum esse censui[t.

C. 14.

46 Fillios meos, duos iuv[enes n1i]hi eripuit for[tuna], Gaiuin
et Lucium Caesares

ll, 42. S. inserts tum after quem.

ordered the magistrates and priests and vestal Virgins to offer sacrifices-
on each anniversary.2
0. 13.

Janus Quirinus, which it was the purpose of our fathers to close
when there was peace won by victory 1 throughout the Whole empire of
the Roman people on land and sea, and which, before I was born, from
the foundation of the city, was reported to have been closed twice in all,2
the senate three times ordered to be closed while I was princeps.3

c. 14.

My sons, the Caesars Gains and Lucius, whom fortune snatched
from me in their youth,1 the senate and Roman people, in order to do

Athens, some time before his return, and that Lucretius was named consul there by
Augustus. Then, some time later, the deputation of honor, as recorded in the inscrip-
tion, was sent into Campania.

2That this annual sacrifice was instituted July 4, 741, appears from C. I. L., I,
395. Ferz'ac ex. 3. c. qztoa’co die am Paris Augmm‘ in cmnpo Marlio constituta est
[Verona e! Varo 605. Cf. Fasti of Przeneste, Jan. 30, C. I. L., I, 313, for day of the
actual dedication; also Ovid, Fasti I, 709; Dio, LIV, 25.

This altar was probably on the F laminian Way by which Augustus returned from

Gaul.

 

 

THE DEEDS OF AUGUSTUS. 37

2 (3‘00 dpzspwc’fivw Egbmpc'aaro 7; adux/inroc éy 7re-
T

N7 3/ \ r 3 ~ \, ~ i \
054:) Apewq, moo; cu 2'00: 2'5 521 rac; apxaz: me 100;

()0

53,057; rd: re fepsia: éwaum’ou: (90050:: éxéleuae awe?»

as

c. I3.
[10.

‘ I - "if (—\ ( ) I f . ”I” 9
27700512 ec‘myueuoyeyqq 1'7]5 Una 1 (07mm; mum; 74, r.

1 - we r t' ~ ’
7;» ’LuudAzov, $12 xexmm9m oz flare/)5: 77710») has-

2:112 80:26:50)}; 77:10?) my 5/105, 3’5 05 ii mils; $275037,

~ 1.;

\ ~ rw I ~ ~ 7
J's/1H“: ”Jaw: at: flown) 255015502911.» 071020755"

“ i
gm

Ta

N

a"; “2.5 7 ‘ ' ~~r‘»7‘ 5 )wrme’t -
, 81... 0.. 710) yrs/10220, t‘):\ 7 0 wt.“ 5 977

O\O OO\J 001

90:00:70 X2550ly7/Ifllt.
c. I4.

11 (13013: 7102) I biaov m2 Aebxzop Kala-[aloag oz”); yeaw’a: d-

C. I 3. 1 The exact conditions necessary for the closing of the temple, viz., “ peace
won by victories” were first made known in I882 by this perfecled text of the Res
Gesta’.

“Cf. Livy, I, 19 ; Varro, V, 165. The temple of Janus (or as the Romans called
it, Janus, without the word temple,) (cf. Latin text and Livy, l. c., and Horace, Carm,
IV, 15, 9,) had been closed first under Numa and again after the first Punic War.

3Augustus first closed it in 725, after Actium. Cf. Livy, l. c.; Dio, LI, 20;
Vell., II, 38; Victor, De Vz'rz'r 1/1., LXXIX, 6; Plut. De Fort. R07};., 9; Oros.
VI, 20, 8, C. I. L. I, p. 384, supplies the day, january II. In 728 it was opened again,
on account of the war with the Cantabri. Cf. Dio, L111, 26, Plutarch, l. c. A second
time it was closed in 729, cf. Dio, 1. c.; Oros., VI, 21, I. The time of its next opening
cannot" be determined; but in all probability it was reopened that very year, on account
of the Arabian campaign. Dio, LIV, 36, records that in 744 the Senate decreed that it
should be closed, but that a Dacian rebellion interfered. But Dio must be mistaken,
for Drusus was then in the midst of his German campaign. But after the cam-
paigns of Drusus and Tiberius in Germany, closed in 746, up to 7 5 3, when Gaius
Caesar started for Armenia, the temple might well have been closed. Parts of Dio are
lost here, which may have mentioned such closing. The birth of Jesus Christ, 749,
falls in this period of peace. Cf. Milton’s Natz’vifix 120mm. When it was opened for
the third time cannot be said. Tacitus says it was opened when Augustus was an
old man. But it’ can hardly have remained shut after the opening of the Armenian
war in 753. Augustus was then sixty-two years old. That age may possibly suit the
expression of Tacitus. Horace EA, II, I, 255, and Carm, IV, I 5, 9, mentions the
closing of the temple. Suetonius, Aug. 22, says: “ Janus Quirinus, which had been
shut twice only, from the era of the building of the city to his own time, he closed
thrice in a much shorter period, having established universal peace both by sea and
land.” This is almost a literal transcript of the Ray Germ.

C. 14. 1 Gaius and Lucius, the sons of Agrippa and Julia, the daughter of Augustus,

38 MONUMENTUM ANCYRANUM

III.

I honoris mei caussa senatus populusque Romanus annum quin—
tum et deci-

2 mum agentis consulés designavit, ut [e]um magistratum
inirent post quin-

3 quennium. Et eX eo die, quo deducti [sjunt in forum, ut
interessent consiliis

4 publicis decrevit sena[t]us. § Equites [a] utem Romani uni-
versi principeni

5 iuventfitis utrumque eorum par1n[is] et hastis argenteis d0-
natum ap—

6 pellaverunt. §

c. I 5.

7 Plebei Romanae viritim HS trecenos numeravi ex testémento
patris

8 mei, § et nomine meo HS quadringenos ex bellorum manibiis
consul

me honor, designated as consuls in the fizteenth year of each, with the
intention that they should enter upon that magistracy after five years.2
And the senate decreed that from the day in which they were intro-

duced into the forum they should share in the public counsels.3 More— .

over the whole body of the Roman knights gave them the title, prin-
cipes of the youth, and gave to each a silver buckler and spear.4

c. 15.

To each man of the Roman plebs I paid three hundred sesterces in
accordance with the last will of my father ;1 and in my own name,
when consul for the fifth time, I gave four hundred sesterces from the

 

were born, the one in 734 (Dio, LIV, 8), the other in 737 (Dio, LIV, I8) and were
adopted by their grandfather immediately after the birth of the latter. Dio, LIV, 18,
says: “Lucius and his brother Gaius, Augustus at once adopted and made heirs of the
empire, Without waiting till they grew to manhood, in order that he might be the more
secure against conspiracies.” The will of Augustus (Suet. Tzl). 23), speaks much as
this chapter does of the death of the two Caesars : “ Since harsh fortune has snatched
from me my sons, Gains and Lucius, let Tiberius Caesar be heir to two-thirds of my
estate.” Suetonius,Aug. 26, says that Augustus took his twelfth and thirteenth con-
sulships, for the purpose of introducing these two boys into the forum.

2 Dio, LV, 9, under the year 748 writes that these lads were wild and insolent and
that the younger, then eleven years old, actually proposed to the people to make Gains

rte »:

 

 

THE DEEDS OF AUGUSTUS. 39

12 vy’pn’aaev 6 713207, at”: 797v éyiyv rezppfly if T[€] 015121277-
13 10; mi 6 577/10; 1'ch tProbation) mmexazdexaérag
I4 dwag éndroug aim-5851561), E’ua [reed névre é’r‘q
15 52; T7‘71J 571011012 (ipxiyv eZaé/lzywaw- mi (190’ 17g (512/
I6 éyé [pa]; [53g 7%)» (fly/0,0022) [xar]axz9[a7]aw, E’va [yeyéxmu
I7 aw, r77; 0'!) [fixbjrou e’gbmpc’aaro. § fmrek 8e ‘Pw-
I8 ,uaz'wy auv[7t]aureg érepéua 228677770; éxdz‘e-
19 pay abrc‘bp [afloanrépsuaaa dam’aw dprupéazc
20 mi dopaow [e’r] eimyaau.
c. I 5.
21 Ari/131) (Pro/La [imp x012" dud‘oapéfldopp’xowa rt[éur]e
2 2 377Vdpta éxdo‘rtfu 7710512117700: xard (31a-
2 3 197717» 1'05 Tum-pd; you, am) To? $7196 duo/ran

 

consul. Augustus appeared very angry at this, saying it would be a public calamity
for the consulship to be borne by one of less age than that at which he himself had
assumed it, viz., twenty. Gaius was, however, designated consul in 749, and Lucius
in 752. Cf. Tac. Ann. I, 3; a coin of Rome has on one side: Caesar Auguslus, a’z'w‘,
f., palerfiatrz'w; on the other: C. L. szmres, Augurti f., cos. deny, print. juvmf.
(Eckhel VI, I71). This must have been struck between Feb. 5, 752, when Augustus

i received the title pater patrz'a’, and January I, 754, when Gaius entered upon his.
actual consulship. Cf. C. I. L. 1H, 11. 323, and VI, 900.

Lucius died, Aug. 20, 755, and so did not reach the consulship to which he had:
been elected. Gaius died in 757. Cf. Dio, LV, II; C. I. L. I. p. 472.

3 Cf. Dio, LV, 9; C. I. L. I, p. 286 and 565.

4 Dio, LV, 12, says: “ The bodies of Lucius and Gaius were carried to Rome by
military tribunes, and the chief men of each city; and the golden (sic) shields and:
spears, which they had received from the knights when they assumed the toga 71271723,,
were suspended in the curia.”

The title of prz'meps juoentuz‘z's is somewhat difficult to explain. The fact is
attested by Zonaras, X, 35, and by an inscription found near Viterbo (cf. Mommsen.
R. G., p. 53), which reads: C. Cesarz' Aug. f a’. n. pontz'f. cos. deségn. 1571326leL
juvenluz‘, “ To Caius Caesar, son of Augustus, nephew of the divine (Julius) pontifex,.
consul designate, prince of the youth.” Mommsen sums up his investigation of this
(Cf. 1?. G. p. 54, ff): the knights were divided into turmce, or troops, each officered.
by revirz', three decurz'om and three ofifz'ous or adjutants. Gaius and Lucius were
detzu’z'om of the first turma, and their title, “princes of the youth,” was a special?»
one, and always thereafter reserved for members of the imperial family. The title.-

does not appear to have been official, or formally bestowed, but was given by common);
consent of the knights.

C. 15. 1 Cf. Suet. Cm. LXXXIII: “ He (Caesar) bequeathed to the Roman people:
his gardens near the Tiber, and three hundred sesterces to each man.” Dio, XLIV,,

4.0 MONUMENTUM ANCYRANUI-I.

9 quintum dedi, iterum autem in consulatu decimo ex [p] atri-

monio

10 meo HS quadringenos congiari viritim pernumer[a]vi, § et
consul

II undecimum duodecim frumentétiones frumento pr[i]vatin
coémpto

12 emensus sum, [g] et tribunicié potestate duodecimum quad-
ringenos

13 nummés tertiuni viritim dedi. Quae niea congiaria p[e]r—
venerunt

14 ad [homi]num millia nunquam minus quinquéginta et du-
centa. §

15 Tribu [nic]iae potestatis duodevicensimum consul XII tre-
centis et _

16 vigint [i] niillibus plebis urbénae sexagenos denarios viritim
dedi. §

I7 In colon [i]s militum meorum consul quintuni ex manibiis
Viritim

III, I7. In, \V. et.

spoils of the wars ; 2 again, moreover, in my tenth consulship I gave
from my own estate four hundred sesterces to each man by way of con-
giarium ; 3 and in my eleventh consulship I twelve times made distribu-
tions of food, buying grain at my own expense;4 and in the twelfth
year of my tribunitial power I three times gave four hundred sesterces
:to each man;5 These my donations have never been made to less than
two hundred and fifty thousand men.6 In my twelfth consulship and
the eighteenth year of my tribunitial power I gave to three hundred and
twenty thousand of the city plebs sixty dammit apiece.7 In the colonies
of my soldiers, when consul for the fifth time, I gave to each man a
thousand sesterces from the spoils; about a hundred and twenty thous-

t

35, is peculiar, saying : “ Caesar left to the people his gardens on the Tiber, and to each
“man one hundred and twenty sesterces, as Augustus himself says, or as others say,
three hundred sesterces apiece.” May it be that Dio has reversed the facts here, and
that it was “ others ” who reported the smaller sum and Augustus the larger ? Augus-
vtus is substantiated, or followed, by Plut.; Amt, XVI, Brut, XX; App. B. C., II, 143.

Three hundred sesterces equals about fifteen dollars. The date of this disburse-
ment is 710: its amount, supposing the minimum number of receivers, 250,000, comes

~sto 353,7 50,000.
2 The second (and the seventh, cf. Note 8) donations belong to the year 725 and

A; -,‘; .'v,:.t,.‘.,::, 41-44:»: ”w.

~ “Mumr44 my“. 5/ :

 

 

 

THE DEEDS OF AUGUSTUS. 41

24 ex Zagpépwi) [x]0[).é]/100 dud: ézarou dryadpca
VIII.

I zé/mroy finarog é’dwm, § Tra’jw re dé[zaro]v
2 Dnarsdwy :32: TM]: {-3in 57rdpEea); dud 577M-
3 pm. éxarou 7},0i19[/¢]‘qaa, [§] m2 éydéxaz'oy Erato;
4 dafideza asnoyerpy’aex éx 2'05 93,1105 fiiou aim-
5 ,aérloyaa, [§] xae‘ (in/1090x005; e’Eouac’a: to Brads/—
6 zarou exact-2w dyudpm xar’ (1123,00: é’dwxa' 0172' [t]-
7 vs; éyaé émdéaezg obo‘érrore 1700022 771:9[0p 5D]:
8 (iii/3,00,; pupzddwv ei’xoaz névre. dnya[p]xmfig @-
9 Eouaiag o’xrwxazde’xaroy, 37rar[0q] d[w6ézarov]

IO szdxoura rpm-[2] popzdaw (3)520!) flolemxpfi E] 577’-
II [xoura dyadpza xar’ a’uo‘pa é’o‘wza, xa]2 diroc'xoz: 07,001.
12 ' nan-(322 5/1622 flé/LTL'TOIJ 57mm; é[x] Zagptflpwv xard
I 3 dvdpa 6020‘. dzaxbaea nevnjzowa dyudpza é’d[ruza']
y I i i 5 ~ 3 ’ ‘
I4 €105,802) ram-pp 1'77» dcupeap a» race (mamas; av-
VIII, I7. obrog, W. Ui’ivrrag; dpzdluog, S. [Mud/up" or (mid/10V.

 

were connected with the triple triumph. Dio mentions the two together, LI, 2 r.
Four hundred sesterces is about twenty dollars.

3 The third donation was in 7 30, on the return of Augustus after subduing the
Cantabri. Dio, LIII, 28, says: “ Augustus gave the people a hundred denarii (four
hundred sesterces) apiece, but forbade the distribution until his act should receive the
sanction of the senate.” It would seem to have been unlawful to give money to the
people without the consent of the senate. Probably this was a measure of precaution
against demagogues.

The term congz'arz'um, which is transferred rather than translated, means a gift,
primarily of food or drink, and is derived from c’ongz'm, a measure holding about three
quarts, which was perhaps originally brought to be filled with grain or oil, or the like.

4 Cf. c. 5 and Note 2. The date was 731.

5 The fifth distribution was in 742. We learn from Dio, LIV, 29, that in that
year Agrippa died, leaving to the Roman people his gardens and bath, and that
Augustus, as his executor, not only turned over these properties, but made a donation
besides, as if it had been so willed by Agrippa. Cf. C. I. L., I. p. 472.

5 As c. 8 furnishes a basis for estimating the total population of the empire, so
here we have a guide to the number of people in the city. Merivale, flirtory qf t/ze
Romans, c. XL, gives 700,000 as the limit; Bunsen, 1,300,000; Gibbon, c. XXXI,
1,200,000.

7 Sixty denarii is about twelve dollars. This donation of 749, and the last one
mentioned in this chapter, of 752, have been connected with the introduction in those
years of Gains and Lucius Caesar, into the forum. Cf. c. I4. The amounts are
the same in the two cases, and they vary from the sum given at other times.

4'2 MONUMENTUM ANCYRANUM.

18 millia minimum singula dedi; acceperunt id triumphale con-
giarium

19 in colo [njis hominum circiter centum et Viginti millia. §
Consul ter—

20 tium dec [i] mum sexagenos denarios plebei, quae turn fru-
mentum publicum

21 acoipieba [t] dedi; ea millia hominum paullo plfira quam du-
centa fuerunt.

c. 16.

22 Pecuniam [pro] agris, qués in consulati’i meé quarto et postea
consulibus

2 3 M. Cr [asso e]t Cn. Lentulo augure adsignévi militibus, solvi
mfmicipis. Ea

24 [s] u [mma sest] ertium Circiter sexsiens milliens fuit, qu'am
[pjré Italicis

25 praed [is] numeravi, § et ci[r] citer bis mill [ie]ns et sescen-
tiens, quod pro agris

26 provin [c]ialibus solvi. §Id primus et [5] olus omnium, qui
[d] eduxerunt _

27 colonias militum in Italia aut in provincis, ad memor[i] am
aetétis

28 meae feci. Et postea Ti. Nerone et Cn. Pisone consulibus,
[§] item [q] ue C. Antistio

and men in the colonies received that riumphal donation.8 \Vhen con-
sul for the thirteenth time I gave sixty denarii to the plebs who were at
that time receiving public grain ; these men were a little more than two
hundred thousand in number.” 1°

c. 16.

For the lands which in my fourth consulship, and afterwards in
the consulship of Marcus Crassus and Cnaeus Lentulus, the augur, I
assigned to soldiers, I paid money to the municipia. The sum which I
paid for Italian farms was about six hundred million sesterces, and that
for lands in the provinces was about two hundred and sixty millions.1
Of all those who have established colonies of soldiers in Italy or in the
provinces I am the first and only one within the memory of my age, to
do this. And afterward in the consulship of Tiberius Nero and Cnaeus

 

-w- .7

THE DEEDS OF AUGUSTUS. 43

I 5 0prérrwy puprddsg 7T/i[€?] 0y dalé‘eDca. {Byron-0g r[pz]a-
I6 xwdéxarov o’wa‘z éEiaxoyz-a dpydpza r96 oezronsrfloou}
17 {153290 57771.0) é’dw[za' 051-0]: dpfl] 29/1 [0: 711560») 62320-
18 a]: [7'10] lozdé‘wu émfiox [5] I).
c. I6.
19 ijpara €21 23.70.7555]. Terr/{pry 5/17“, 10. [2] nerd Tait-a [)-
—’»—»fl[’~, ]" ~‘7V' AA ‘ W.
20 ”(00:5 0.10.4.1!) tpaaacp 50:: i add) err/.90 anOU-
21 ,0: mfg 7:015an mold/0070a map ding/(7)22, 0i); e’luépm'a
22 70?; arpar [m3] razg. Itfegcalac'ou e’yévopro 5’22 ”Ira/1551
2 3 pay [blown n[evraxz]a[x]e[é}.zaz ”DJ/wide; [115]» [813: s] nap-
~ 3 ~ _ [‘3 cr— 7 r
24 xscmwv aypwy [/1] r) [pa/.05; egazzale]mz 7:5» [ram] 0'[eaz].

IX.

I T0570 7rpr370q mi #6220; (1.761%wa error/Ga 7ch
2 ’[xara] furor/nay drrozzc'ag arparrwrrfiy 522 77/1-
,"">> ' ' .r>r.<.', .‘
5 A551 77 522 errapxecazg 1115;“): T17: elm/g (Mums. § (as

' 4 ,uere'nerra Int/35,0590 Népww zaé Nair/2 Heiaww 6750’.-

 

8 Up to this point the donations have been enumerated in order of time. But
here, between the largesses to citizens in 749 and 752 is introduced one given to
veterans in 725. Why this break in the order? Mommsen, 1?. G. p. 2 and 59, thinks
that a first draft of this inscription was prepared about 750. In this draft Augustus
first mentioned all his gifts to the city people ; and at the end placed the one gift to the
soldiers. Then, when in 767, the document was brought down to date, this later gift
to the people was placed last, instead of being interpolated after the civil donation of
749 and before the military one of 725. But his reasoning has not convinced other
scholars.

9 Cf. Dio, LV, Io.

10 Augustus omits any mention of his bounty to discharged soldiers. Cf. Dio,
XLVI, 46; XLIX, 14; LV, 6; Appian, V, I29. The total of the donations in this
list is 619,800,000 sesterces : about $30,990,000.

C. 16. 1 Cf. C. 3; Dio, LI, 3, 4; Suet. Aug. I7. The last writer says that there was
a mutiny at Brundisium in a detachment sent there immediately after Actium, and that
they demanded reward and discharge. Augustus was forced to come from Samos to
settle the trouble. This was in 724. There were 120,000 veterans to be provided for. Cf.
c. I 5. 600,000,000 sesterces was the compensation for the lands given to these men, an
average of 5000 sesterces ($250) for each holding. But not all Italian proprietors were
reimbursed. The Italians who had favored Antony were simply dispossessed. T 0
some other Italians were given lands at Dyracchium and Philippi. His expenditure
for land in Italy was $30,000,000. As to colonies outside of Italy, Dio, LIV, 23,
tells of many settlements in Gallia (Narbonensis) and Iberia in 739. Eusebius notes
colonies at Berytus in Syria, and Patrae in Achaia, as founded in 739. Cf. C/zron. ad.
a. Abr. 2001; C. I. L. III, p. 95.

44 MONUMENTUM ANCYRANUM.

29 eLt D Laelio cos., et C. Calvisio et L. Pasieno consulibus, et
Le[r tulo et] M. Messalla
3o consulibus, :3 et L. Caninio [§] et Q. Fabricio co [5.] milit—
[ibus, qu] os eme-
31 riteis stipendis in 51121 municipi [a remis]i, praem [ia n]11111-

erato

32 persolvi [§] quam in :rem seste[rtium] q[uater m]illie11 [s
li]b[ente]r

33 impendi.

c. 17.

34 Quater [pe]cunia mea iuvi aerarium, ita ut sestertium mii-
lien [s] et

35 qui11g[en]t[ien]s ad eos qui praerant aerério detulerim. Et
M. Lep [i] do

36 et L. Ar[r]1111t[i] 0 cos i [11] aerarium militare quod ex con—
silio 111 [e0]

37 c0[11stitut] um est, ex [q]uo praemia darentur militibus, qui
Vicena

38 [ant p111] ra sti [pendi] a emeruissent, [§] HS milliens et
septi11g[e]nti— ’

39 [ens ex pa]t[rin1] 011io [m]eo detuli. §

I’iso, and also in that of Gaius Antistius and Decimus Lzelius, and in
that of Gains Calvisius and Lucius Pasienus, and in that of Lucius
Lentulus and Marcus Messala, and in that of Lucius Caninius and
Quintus Fabricius, I gave gratuities in money to the soldiers Whom I
sent back to their muwnz'c'ipia at the expiration of their terms of service,
and for this purpose I freely spent four hundred million sesterces.2

c. 17.

Four times I have aided the public treasury from my own means,
to such extent that I have furnished to those in charge of the treasury
one hundred and fifty million sesterces.1 And in the consulship of
Marcus Lepidus and Lucius Arruntius I paid into the military treasury
which was established by my advice that from it gratuities might be
given to soldiers who had served a term of twenty or more years, one
hundred and seventy million sesterces from my own estate.

2The dates are 747, 748,750, 751 and 752. The amount is $20,000,000. It
was in 741 ’ Dio, LIV, 25) that Augustus determined upona gift in money as a substi-
tute for the assignments of land customary up to that time. Why such payments began

 

 

 

THE DEEDS OF AUGUSTUS. 45

2'05: 782 7:87.72 [10.890 31128582581 782 118/12,.) 718:—
A581 ljfidTO.” 782 F8281 K8A0058z’8) 782 AEUXC’Q)
[788877518 U 7:870 1 g A8511 EUAZCU Ae’w (i) A821‘1‘8’8-

/
781 M38887. [8] 8758.701: A[8:|2 [Afleumcp 1381182 [519” 782
[It ] 05278) $8 [/3] 01758) 8758702; 87718788781; (AfiO/lU—
O/Aéyozg, 03:8 7 877/;‘8702 ex; 78: 2858.; 7:0). [51;], 8.17.82-

7

)

swag [/111‘858] P.

HO\OOO\IO\UI

HH

19/0831?" U 8208 882': 588178 /u[U/0]!0.6a§

c. I7.

(\

12 Terod [flag $0777}. [8] 882 £11.87; [832] 57.64/80!) 2'8 82/88/1188, [65;] 8

I3 [71878125278 [flea/158.: [82:7 1(12006’aq"“'7/’/3{0V*a

I4 8010.18.88; A[8A‘] M[8]0Aw w[1 11525881] 78211507581 488082-

0

15 28/) 8[7rdroz; eJE: 2' [0] 8r [/1] 8[mur]1702 (At/()(lf/010VOT7/
16 .[é/Afi] 7’[22]8’» [/1177] 20.?5’0'2'27, 2’28 [5‘]? 88205 85' aha/{5] 8.2 558-

I7 [8.76178 70?: [511107; 8[rp82':] 85787: 86881228: 0[? 8270- ‘

V18 8:]u éuzauro [b]; 77' nAec’O 0W]. 1: 5878825888270 [1.91381—
19 (1-88 [:1 rerod [dzg Ker/158; 81870878; 85'227/70'278.

)

20 [37. 2'7 §€]/A[Y/§] wraogew: 18172725278.

only in 747 is matter of conjecture; also why they ceased after 752. Probably
because the years 742—746 were occupied with the German and Pannonian wars of
Tiberius and Drusus, and either there were no discharges, or else no money to spare
from the expenses of war. Again in 753 troubles began in the East.

C. 17. 1 Only two of these occasions can be traced. Dio, L111, 2, mentions one.
He says that in 726, when it was determined to exhibit games in honor of Actium,
Augustus replenished the empty treasury for that purpose. And there is a coin of c.
738 with the inscription : 56128785 populusgue 13071287785 imperatorz' Caesari 8808’ 2178
7722022783 38727 ex ea pecunia 888m 7: 88’ 8278778772 delulz'z‘. Eckhel VI, 105.

Up to 726 the treasury was in charge of the quaestors. Thence to 731 two exprm-
tors, after that year two praetors presided over it, up to the time of Claudius. Cf. Tac.
Arm. XIII, 29; Dio,LlII, 2 and 32; Suet. Aug. 36. The sum mentioned here is
$7,500,000. In the Greek 7ng has evidently been omitted before 1877.289

2 This was in 759. In 74I (Dio, LIV, 25) Augustus had fixed the term of ser-
vice at twelve years for the praetorians and sixteen for the legionaries. The gift to
the former upon discharge was also larger. In 758 the terms of service were length—
ened to sixteen and twenty years. Ct. Dio, LV, 23. In LV, 25, Dio writes of this
year 759 : “Augustus contributed, in his own name and in that of Tiberius, money for
that treasury which is called the military.” The sum so given was $8, 500,000. Tribu-
tary states and kings also assisted. But income could not keep pace with expenses.
The old tax of a twentieth on bequests, except when the heir was a very near relative,
or very poor, was revived, much to the discontent of the Roman people. Cf. Dio, LV,

 

46 MONUMENTUM ANCYRANUM.

c. 18.

4o Inde ab eo anno, q] no Cn. et P. Lentuli e[ons]ules fuerunt,
cum d [e] ficerent

41 [vecti]g [alia, tum] centum millibus h [omi] num tu [m pl]uri—
bus i[nl] ato fru-

42 [mento vel ad n] umma [rio]s t[ributus ex agro] et pat [ri—
monio] m [e] o

43 [opem tuli].
IV. C. 19.

r Cfiriam et continens ei Chalcidicum, templumque Apollinis in

III, 40. W. jam before inde.
III, 41. vectigalia, Sk. publicani.

III, 41—43. inlato ......... tuli, S. multo frumentarias et nummarias tessaras ex
aere et patrimonio meo dedi.
III, 42. vel ..... agro, W. atque nummariis tesseris divisis; tributus, Sk. ‘
titulos.
III, 43. opern tuli, Sk. and W. subveni.
c. 18.

Beginning with that year in which Cnteus and Publius Lentulus
were consuls, when the imposts failed, I furnished aid sometimes to a
hundred thousand men, and sometimes to more, by supplying grain or
money for the tribute from my own land and property.1

c. 19.
I constructed1 the Curia,2 and the Chalcidicum adjacent

 

25. Other taxes were devised, such as that of oneper cent on sales. Cf. Tac. Ame.
I, 78. On sales of slaves two per (6722‘ was exacted. Cf. Dio, LV, 3!.

A glance at the military establishment of Augustus may help to some idea of its
vast expense. Momrnsen discusses the matter in detail (1?. G. pp. 68—76). Augustus
seems to have left at his death a standing army of twenty-five legions. Each legion
approximated seven thousand men, giving a total of 175,000 soldiers. His legions
were numbered from one to twenty-two. The number twenty-five is accounted for as
follows: the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth had been exterminated under the
leadership of Varus. But there were three legions; one in Africa, one in Syria and
one in Cyrenaica, bearing the title third, and the fourth, fifth, sixth and tenth were
each double. After Actium, Augustus disbanded the legions numbered above twelve
(of. his colonies of veterans at this time, numbering 120,000 men, c. XV). But by
reason of the repetitions above alluded to, the legions bearing the numbers up to
twelve, really amounted to eighteen. These duplications may have risen from the
absorption into Augustus’ army of legions bearing the same numbers from the forces
of Lepidus and later from those of Antony. In 759, eight new legions, the thirteenth
to the twentieth, seem to have been enrolled, in view of the German and Pannonian
wars. This made twenty six. Three were lost with Varus, and their numbers,

 

 

 

 

THE DEEDS OF AUGUSTUS. 47

c. 18.
21 [’Arr’ e’x] er'you r[0]5 emit/MOD, 5":59’] 0'5 Nafog 20.2 116x250:
22 [A] éyrloz Ear/.70: ére’uoyro, fire drtélemou at? 87;-
2 I: 6] mac 7060080: (iii/lore 3w déxa oozdaw (it)
3 [a “t 7 ‘ la” ' )u l 7 ‘
24 [lore] 5e mlee'oaw aezrzzdg zaé dpyupmdq aunt-(155::

X.

I 5’): 2'9): e727; 13nd

, C. 19.
2 130.9/leur>7"(2[50]p xai a) 77/17/0502) from}? za/‘tzedm'w,

 

seventeen, eighteen and nineteen, seem never to have been restored to the list. To
offset this loss in a measure, two new legions, the twenty-first and twenty-second were
levied. Thus the twenty-five remaining at the death or Augustus are accounted for.
Such an establishment was enormously and increasingly expensive. Pliny, ffi'sz‘. zVaz‘.,
VII, 45.

_C. 18. 1 This form of benefaction began in 736. It is a little remarkable that
Augustus should not mention the exact years of its continuance, its amount, or the
beneficiaries, while he does name the minimum number of men who received aid
from time to time. Perhaps he did not go into details because these gifts concerned
the provincials and would be of slight interest to the city people for whose reading the
inscription was intended. In 742, “ when Asia was in need of aid on account of earth—
quakes, he paid the year’s tribute of the province out of his own means.” Dio, LIV, 30.

His supplying grain as well as money rose from the fact that taxes were imposed
both in kind and in money. Cf. Tac. Amz. IV, 6; Agr, XIX and XXXI ; C. I. Gr.
4957, 47. These passages all speak of taxes both in money and in produce. As to
the method of levy, Hyginus is interesting (De Lim. p. 205). “ The tax on agriculture
is arranged in many ways. In some provinces the harvest is chargeable with a certain
proportion, here a fifth, there a seventh, elsewhere a cash payment, and for this pur-
pose certain values are determined for the fields by an estimation of the soil; as in
Pannonia there is arable of the first class, of the second, meadows, mast-bearing woods,
common woods, pastures: upon all these the tax is laid by the single acre, according to
the fertility of the soil.” This was in the time of Trajan.

C. 19. 1 The structures detailed here and in cc. 20 and 21, {all into three classes.
First, those of c. 19, being either new buildings in place of ruined ones, or else
entirely new ones, both classes on soil already consecrated; second, those of c. 20,
being repairs of.public works ; third, public works upon soil given by himself, as noted
in the first part of c. 21.

Augustus does not mention structures which he erected in the name of others, as
the portico of Octavia, (different from the one below, Note 7), the portico of Livia, cf.
Dio, XLIX. 43 and LIV, 23. He also omits the temple of Concord dedicated by
Tiberius in 763 (C. I. L. I. p, 384), though he paid for it.

The order of the works is chronological for the most part. .-

2 This was the Curia julia, begun in 712. Cf. Dio XLVII, 19; XLIV, 5 ; XLV,

[7. It was dedicated in 725 after Actium. Cf. Dio LXl, 22. Here the senate met.
Its location was near the forum. E

4S MONUMENTL‘M ANCYRANUM.

2 Palatio cum porticibus, aedem di'vi Iuli, Lupercal, porticum

ad cir-

3 cum Flaminium, quam sum appellari passus ex némine eius
qui pri-

4 érem eédem in solo fecerat Octaviam, pulvinar ad circum
maximum,

5 aedés in Capitolio Iovis feretri et Iovis tonantis, [§] aedem
Quirini, §

6 aedes Minervae § et Ifinonis reginae § et Iovis Libertatis in
Aventino, §

7 aedem Larum in summa sacra Via, § aedem deum Penatium
in Velia, §

8 aedem Iuventz’itis, § aedem Matris Magnae in Palatio féci. §

thereto,3 the temple of Apollo on the Palatine, with its porticoesf
the temple of the divine J ulius,5 the Lupercal,6 the portico'to the
Circus of Flaminius, which I allowed to bear the name, Portico Octavia,
from his name who constructed the earlier one in the same place ;7
the Pulvinar at the Circus Maximus,S the temples of Jupiter the
Vanquisher9 and Jupiter the Thunderer, on the Capitol,10 the temple
of Quirinus,11 the temples of Minerva and Juno Regina and of J upi-
ter Libertas, on the Aventine,12 the temple of the Lares on the highest
point of the Via Sacra,13 the temple of the divine Penates on the
Velian hill,” the temple of Youth,15 and the temple of the Great
Mother on the Palatine.16

3 A shrine of Minerva Chalcidica.

4 Begun after the Sicilian victories in 718. Cf. Dio XLIX, 15; Vell. II, 81, dedi-
cated Oct. 9, 726. Cf. Dio, L111, 1; C. I. L. I, p. 403. Suet. Aug. 29, says: “ He
reared a temple of Apollo in that part of his estate on the Palatine which the harus-
piCes declared was desired by the god because it had been struck by lightning; he
attached to it a portico and a Greek and Latin library.”

5 An altar was placed at once on the spot in the forum where the body of Julius
Caesar was cremated. In 712 the senate decreed that a temple should be built there.
Cf. Dio XLVII, 18. It is shown on coins struck between 717—720. Cf. Eckhel
VI, II, 75. This temple was dedicated Aug. 18, 725. Cf. Dio, LI, 19, 22; C. I. L,

I, p- 399-
6 Dionysius (I, 32), observes that the ancient condition of this place (originally a

 

grotto near the Palatine, sacred to Pan) had been so changed as to be hardly recogniz~

able. This was by reason of the changes made in his time, which nearly coincided
with that of Augustus. Cf. C. I. L. VI, 912, 6, 9, and 841. Its precise location is
undetermined.

7 Festus, De Vera. Sig. L. 13, writes: “There were two Octavian porticoes,

 

THE DEEDS OF AUGUSTUS. 49

120.612 re ’AzéZ/lwyog §1J [Tami-[(11) aby groan”;
may 8505 [’1] 001100, Hand; 55,0612, aroa‘w zpbg Err-
nodloolugu To) npoaayopeuope’yw (Pia/twig), 5712

l
V

‘I I ) 5 3 I )
ezaoa npoaaropsueaflae eE ope/raw; exewou Ona-
ouc'ay, 8 [g] 27,0670; adriyy dvéar‘yaey, 12a?» moo; 1'9!)
[15700.90 fnnodpé/igu, [§] 120103); 512 [(05717erqu
Au)” 1' 07mm d 00 mi Azbg 01x: 0200 12648112
5 10 50 10 1
1111,0531; [0] U, [§] mob; ’Aflryndg va ”Hpa; fiamhdo; m:

HOKOOO‘xI Chm-4300

HM

\ 3 I J I f r - \ ~
Ago: E/leudepcou 512 Aouem'wgu, quaw “[00; 2'37
{5,052 6896, 29561.2 xaroezzdiwn 511 0552.591, 12am) Neo-

H
N

\ \ N I i
I 3 7772-0 [g 120:] on pprpog flea» 51) Halon-zap énonaa.

 

the one built near the theatre of Marcellus by Octavia, the sister of Augustus, the
other close to the theatre of Pompey, built by Cn. Octavius, son of Cnaeus, who was
curule vaedile, praetor, consul (589) decemvir for the sacred rites, and celebrated a
naval triumph for a victory over King Perseus. It was the latter which, after its
destruction by fire, Caesar Augustus rebuilt.” Its reconstruction was in 721. Cf.
Dio, XLIX, 43, who, however, confounds this Octavian portico with the other built
some years after in the name of Augustus’ sister, Octavia.

5 The Pulvinar was the place of honor from which the imperial family witnessed
the games. Cf. Suet. Aug. 45; Chad. 4. This restoration followed the burning of
the Circus Maximus in 723. Cf. Dio, L, IO.

9 A temple attributed to Romulus, in ruins in the time of Augustus, till restored
by him on the suggestion of Atticus. Cf. Nepos, Atticus, 20; Livy, IV, 20. The.
temple was probably restored in 723.

10 Suetonius, Aug. 29, writes : “ He dedicated the temple to Jupiter the Thun»
derer, in acknowledgment of his escape from a great danger in his Cantabrian expedi-
tion ; when, as he was traveling by night, his litter was struck by lightning, which
killed the slave who carried the torch before him.” This expedition was in 728—729,
and the temple was dedicated Sept. I, 732. Cf. Dio, LIV, 4; C. I. L. I, 400.

11 This was dedicated in 738, on the Quirina]. Cf. Dio, LIV, 19.

12 These three tempies have more than an accidental collocation. Just as the
Tarpeian mount and the Quirinal hill had their triple divinities, so had the Aventine.
Cf. Varro (De Lin.) V, 158. The temple of Juno is ascribed to the time of
Camillus, and is said to have been built for the Veientines. The date of the other
two is unknown, as. is that of this restoration by Augustus.

13 Also of unknown origin, location and restoration, other than as mentioned here.

14 Dionysius, I, 68, describes the old temple, not the restoration by Augustus of
which we have only this statement.

15 The original temple was dedicated in 563, in the Circus Maximus. Cf. Livy,
XXXVI, 36. Burned in 738. Cf. Dio, LIV, 19.

16 The original temple was burned in 756. Cf. Val. Max. I, 8, II; Dio, LV, 12;
Suet. Aug. 57.

4

50 MONUMENTUM ANCYRANUM.

c. 20.

9 Capitolium et Pompeium theatrum utrumque opus impensa
grandi reféci

IO sine 1111a inscriptione nominis mei. § Rivos aquarum com-
ph’iribus locis

II vetustéte labentés reféci, [§] et aquam quae Marcia appel-
létur duplicavi

12 fonte novo in rivum eius inmisso. § Forum Iulium et basi-

licam,

I 3 quae fuit inter aedem Castoris et aedem Saturni, [g] coepta
profligata-

I4 que opera a patre meé perféci § et eandem basilicam consump-
tam in-

I 5 cendio ampliz’tto eius solo sub titulo nominis filiérum m[eo~
rum i] n—

16 choavi [§] et, si vivus non perfecissem, perfici ab |heredib [us
iussi] .

I7 Duo et octoginta templa deum in urbe consul sext [um ere
decreto]

18 senatus reféci, nullo praetermisso quod e[o] temp [ore refici

debebat]. '

c. 20.

The Capitol and the Pompeian theatre have been restored by me
at enormous expense for each work, without any inscription of my
lname.‘ Aqueducts which were crumbling in many places by reason
of age I have restored, and I have doubled the water which bears the
name Marcian by turning a new spring into its course.2 The Forum
J ulium and the basilica which was between the temple of Castor and
the temple of Saturn, works begun and almost completed by my father,
I have finished; and when that same basilica was consumed by fire, I
began its reconstruction on an enlarged site, inscribing it with the
names of my sons; and if I do not live to complete it, I have given
orders that it be completed by my heirs.3 In accordance with a decree
of the senate, while consul for the sixth time, I have restored eighty-
two temples of the gods, passing over none which was at that time in
need of repair} In my seventh consulship I constructed the Flamin-

 

§

C. 20. 1 The Capitol means the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus.
2Frontinus, De Aq. c. 125, speaks of a decree of the Senate in the year 743
“concerning the putting in order of the streams, conduits and arches of the Julian

THE DEEDS 0F AUGUSTUS. 5!

C. 20.
I4 Karat-(1M [e0]u xaE Tb [IO/17mm) fiéarpou éxdz-epou
I 5 To é’proy dualaiyaaw pay/[arose émazeziaaa oi-
16 1250 émragmig 2'05 éyofi (Edgar-0g. § ’Arwrobg (5-
I7 ddrw [p é» 712st] 070:; ronozg 2'17] nalaeo'nyn dim-
18 1901:2022 [Tag en] eoxeuaa xaE 56am 2'?) xaloépevoy
19 Mdp [may $851771an ”7779712 véau 53g 76 fieifipoy
20 [0032-05 e’rroxereda] ac. [§] ’Aropdy ’Iouic’au xaé flam-
21 [/lnn‘yv r7712 per-a5?) 1:]05 re moo 2'ch Aramai-
2 2 [paw xai Kpo’vou xara [fiefily/uéva é’pra (37:8) 2'06
2 3 [Harpog éreleiwaa anE Tip) adriyu fiamleziyy
24 [zauflsZaay érré abfnflém’z] éddgoe: adrig 55 e’m-
XI.
ypagmig dpdyarog TrBiJ 5/262) ufrflp 5n [771054127] V
mi 58 #9] (21372); rerelszafix [0]‘[/“a r] 52.6 [z]w[z977uaz (3717)]
Tray 5/47») xl‘q‘oouopwv éfléraga. § A [flo [Md 6730-]
fixopra paobg év Tfi mil [8! 5x7] 0D 57? [arog Boy/1a]-
2': am»: [A] “7'700 e’msoxedaa [a] ODS] déva 7r[e] pz/l [arcing 8g]
52:8!qu 2'95 xpc'wcp émazemfig e’deho. § [”1"] 7m [70; E.

QM-POJNH

X, 22. S. inserts 7'02") before Kpévov.
X, 23. S. inserts you after rrarpbg.
X, 24. xavfieiaav £772, S. Karatplexdelaav év.

 

Marcian, Appian, Tepulan and Aniene waters, which Augustus has promised the
Senate that he will repair at his own expense.” Aqueducts were repaired in 749—750.
Cf. C. I. L. VI, 1244. C. I. L. VI, 1249, gives Jul. Tap. Mar. ; imp. Caesar divif. Au-
gustus ex s. c. ,' XX V ,- pca’. C CXL. C. I. L. VI, 1243, records the repairs of the
Marcian aqueduct. Frontinus, op. 622., 12, gives some details of the doubled supply
of this source, and says the new spring had to be conducted eight hundred feet to join
the older fountain. ,

3Julius Caesar dedicated this forum Sept. 24 or 25, 708. Cf. Dio, XLIII, 22 ;
App. 8. C., III, 28; C. I. L. I, p. 402 and 397. Pliny, Hist. Nazi, XXXV, 12, 156,
mentions its completion by Augustus.

Augustus uses the word prqflzgrala here for “ unfinished,” a use which was common
enough but not elegant, and is severely criticised by Gellius, XV, 5. The word really
means wretched rather than unfinished. That Augustus was not a purist this inscrip-
tion testifies, and Suetonius also tells us, Aug” 87 and 88, how peculiar he was in
diction and orthography.

The basilica which was unfinished at the death of Augustus he refrains from
naming while it was not yet dedicated. But we know from Suetonius, Aug. 29, and
Dio, LVI, 27, that it was built in honor of his grandchildren, Gains and Lucius.

4 There is abundant testimony to this architectural activity. Cf. Suet. Aug. 29

52 MONUMENTUM ANCYRANUM.

19 Con [s]u1 septimum viam Flaminiam a[b urbe] Ari[minum
feci et pontes]
20 omnes praeter Mulvium et Minucium.

C. 2I.

21 In privato solo Martis Ultoris templum [f] orumque Augustum
[ex mani] —

22 biis feci. § Theatrum ad aede Apollinis in solo magma ex
parte a p[r]i[v] atis

2 3 empto féci, quod sub nomine M. Marcell [i] generi mei esset.
§ Don [a e]x

24 manibiis in Capitolio et in aede divi Ii’i [l]i et in aede Apol-
linis et in ae-

2 5 de Vestae et in templo Martis Ultoris consacravi, § quae mihi

consti-

26 terunt HS circiter milliens. § Auri coronari pondo triginta et
quin—

27 que millia mfinicipiis et colonis Italiae conferentibus ad tri-
umpho [5]

IV, 19. W. omits feci; inserts in ca after pontes.

ian way from the city to Ariminum, and all the bridges except the

Mulvian and Minucian.5
c. 21.

Upon private ground I have built with the Spoils of war the
temple of Mars the Avenger, and the Augustan Forum.1 Beside the
temple of Apollo, I built upon ground, bought for the most part at my
own expense, a theatre, to bear the name of Marcellus, my son-in-law.2
From the Spoils of war I have consecrated gifts in the Capitol, and in
the temple of the divine Julius, and in the temple of Apollo, and in
the temple of Vesta, and in the temple of Mars the Avenger; these
gifts have cost me about a hundred million sesterces.3 In my fifth
consulship I remitted to the municipia and Italian colonies the thirty-

 

and 30; Dio, LIII, 2; LVI, 4o; Livy IV, 20; Ovid, Fasti, II, 59; Hor. Carm., III,
6. Nor was this the zeal of a mere archaeologist and architect. The emperor was anx-
ious for a revival of religious observance, as a conservative force in his new organiza-
tion of the state. '

5 It is remarkable that Augustus should say he “ constructed ” the Flaminian Way,
etc., for it was made nearly two hundred years before this date, 727. Moreover, the
whole chapter is given up to an account of reconstructions, and of course it is meant
that be repaired the road and the bridges in question. The Latin verb is wanting and

THE DEEDS or AUGUSTUS. 53

7 [85 [0] #011 (35622 (PBapm’aiJ 0’:an (Pd/r77: [’Apz’ywoy]
8 7[s§p] épa; 15 rd: 8’» abrfi mica; 55w dash nfm My
9 en [a] deopéku é[7t]wxst)7/q 5 70/00:.

C. ZI. ‘
IO aEV [dcwrzxcfi e’ddgpee ”A‘oecug ’A‘aduropog aropa’y re ."s-
‘ 3 ‘ V 3 V I

II flaw-nu ex Aagpuoam enoraa. [§] @saroov 75,00; m]
12 4710).}tcouog yaw err) édagpoug (-32: 77/15 [0700 pépou; d70-
I3 paadéwoq dwy'rezpa [§] s’xi opoyaro: Mapzs/l/lou
I4 1'03 rapfipofl you. ’Auafié/uara e’z lagpépwp é» Kart:-

’ l ‘r ) 7 l V 3 V
15 from}; za: 120.90 [002590 za: pagu Ana/Mama;
I6 2(a) ‘Eariag zae‘ "A [pew]; dspaépwaa, d époi xaréary
I7 em); ,auozddw [V 8:] 0X5 [a] flaw Train-ax [0051012.]
I8 [22; zpuaow aregoavoy lie era-paw rpm [yopz’wu]
19 flevraxcaxezllz'wu xaragpepoéaazg Ta [cg 522 [[70:12-

 

is restored from the Greek, én-éma, which is unmistakable,—“I made.” Mommsen
does not comment on the incorrectness of this statement, but Wolfilin regards the
Greek verb as a blunder of the stone-cutter at Ancyra, and thinks there was no verb at
all at the end of this chapter, but that the mason by mistake took the last word of the
preceding chapter which is gmsma. A substitution of én-émya for the proper verb seems
more likely, as it seems improbable that the sentence would end without a verb.

These repairs are attested by an inscription on an arch at Ariminum, thus restored
by Bormann: Cf. C. I. L. XI, 365.

SENATUS POPULUSQ ue romanus
imp. cmari dim" f augusto imp. rapt.
COS. SEPT. DESIGNAT. OCTAVOM Viaflamz'n IA at relz'qzzeiS
CELEBERRIMEIS ITALUE VIEIS CONSILIO at sumplz'é US ez'u: muNITEIS.

Cf. also Suet. Aug. 30; Dio, L111, 22. Other roads of Italy were repaired by
those who obtained triumphs; of which more were celebrated from 726 to 728 than at
any other epoch.

C. 21. 1 Cf. Suet. Aug. 29, Its construction was vowed in 712 and it was dedi-
cated in 752. Cf. C. I. L. I, p. 393, May 12. In c. 35, Augustus mentions the quad-
riga dedicated to him in this forum.

’ This theatre was begun by Julius Caesar. Augustus completed it in honor of
Marcellus, who died in 731. It was dedicated May 4, 743. Cf. Pliny, Hist. Nat,
VIII, I7, 65. Dio, LIV, 36, assigns its dedication to 741.

3 Suetonius, Aug” 30, says that on one occasion Augustus deposited in the «lid
of Jupiter Capitolinus sixteen thousand pounds of gold (2 $ 3,200,000) and gems and
pearls of the value of fifty million sesterces (2 $2,500,000). But such statements are
fabulous, in view of Augustus’ own statement that the total of his gifts of this kind was
only one hundred million sesterces (2 $5,000,000).

54 MONUMENTUM ANCYRANUM.

28 meos quintum consul remisi, et posteé, quotienscumque im-
perator a[ppe] l-

29 latus sum, aurum coronarium non accepi decernentibus
municipii [s]

30 et coloni [s] aequ [e] beni[g] ne adque antea decreverant.

C. 22.

31 T[e] r munus gladiatorium dedi meo nomine et quinquens
filiérum me [o] -

32 rum aut n [e] potum nomine; quibus muneribus depugnaverunt
homi-

33 nu [m] ci[rc]iter decem millia. [§] Bis [at]hletarum undique
accitorum

34 spec[ta]c[1um p0] pulo pra [ebui meo] némine et tertium
nepo [tis] mei no- A

35 mine. § L[u]dos feci m[eo no]m[ine] quater [§], aliorum
auteni n1[agist]ra-

five thousand pounds given me as coronary gold on the occasion of my

triumphs, and thereafter, as often as I was proclaimed imperator, I did

not accept the coronary gold which the municipia and colonies voted to
me as kindly as before.4

0. 22.

Three times in my own name, and five times in that of my sons or
grandsons, I have given gladiatorial exhibitions; in these exhibitions
about ten thousand men have fought.1 Twice in my own name, and
three times in that of my grandsona I have offered the people the spec-
tacle of athletes gathered from all quarters.2 I have celebrated games
four times in my own name, and twenty—three times in the turns of

 

4 In earlier times it had been customary for cities affected by a victory to give
crowns of gold to the triumphing imperator. This grew into an abuse and was for-
bidden by law, unless the gift precededithe decree for the triumph. Later, the value
of the crown was commuted for cash, and it came to be a frequent means of extortion
on the part of provincial governors. To L. Antonius crowns of gold were given by
each of the thirty—five Roman tribes in 713. Cf‘ Dio, XLVIII, 4. The amount
named here, thirty-five thousand pounds of gold, would appear to have been from the
thirty-five tribes. On the general subject, durum coronarz'um, cf. Marquardt, Slants-
wrwaltung, II, p. 285,

C. 22. 1 The sons of Augustus were Gains, adopted in 737, died in 757 ; Lucius,
adopted at the same time, died in 755; Agrippa Postumus, adopted in 757, exiled

THE DEEDS OF AUGUSTUS. 55

20 d noiserec'azg m2 dzom’azg auvexaip‘q [a] a a) [neg]-
21 71702) Enron-56cm), xai 502-5100;) 600’.ng [0:137] ozpdrwp
22 apoapropeddvyy, rd; 53; Toy are’gpayo [u e’JTIarre-
2 3 Mac 0232: gin/90y gb‘quzCO/révwv M712 7r[olezre:](312
24 mi ottoman {15rd 2'77; (1132-77: npoflflmiag, xa] 19-
XII.
I d[7rep ét/Jygoz'oavro 7r] p6 [repay] .

C. 22.
[Tpc‘g #0110] p051] [an 580)] za 7(7) 5/2917 dud/tar: 250.2
[mm-drag HI») 05071) luau 97' 0?] (012(5)). €12 a5: payo-
[paxc'azg épaxéaapro e’]y[7bg 71010: [0]:. A2: dfllyrcfi [u] nay-
? [axéfley] {re [ram/jgcfléurwu yu/awzo] 5 (1703210; fle’av
[up 8777“.” 7r] ape'axov 7D,!) 5] [2913 5dea76 zai 7,057 [012]

\IONCn-PCNN

~ 6 ~ I gflu n) 3 ~ /_
r[ou uzwvou [200. 05a; may] 0a 0: 5/100 rer‘oax [cg]

XII, I. étpfigbioavro, S. Kai érbimbwro.

 

in 760. These were the sons of Agrippa and Julia. On the death of Gaius in 757,
Augustus adopted Tiberius. With him Germanicus, nephew and adopted sOn of
Tiberius, and Drusus, Tiberius’ own son, became the legal grandchildren of Augustus.
None of these could celebrate games in his own name after adoption, as they had no
property rights, but were absolutely dependent on the head of their house, according
to the patrz’a potestas of the Roman law. See this very plainly set forth in Suetonius,
Tia. I 5 : “ After his (Tiberius’) adoption he never again acted as master of a family,
nor exercised in the smallest degree the rights which he had lost by it. For he neither
disposed of anything in the way of gift, nor manumitted a slave; nor so much as
received an estate left him by will, or any legacy, without reckoning it as a part of his
Item/mm, or property held under his father.” Tiberius was forty-six years old when
he was adopted.

Seven of these exhibitions can be traced. I. In 725, on the dedication of the
temple of the Divine Julius. Dio, LI, 22. 2. In 726, in honor of the victory of Actium.
Dio, L111, 1. 3. In 738, in accordance with a decree of the senate. This was in the
name of Tiberius and Drusus. Dio, LIV, 19. 4. In 742, at the Quinquatria held
March 19—23, in honor of Minerva. This was in the name of Gaius and Lucius. Dio,
LIV, 28, 29. 5. In 747; funeral games in honor of Agrippa. Dio, LV, 8. 6. In
752, at the dedication of the temple of Mars. Veil. II, 100. 7. In 759, in honor of
Drusus, in the name of his sons Germanicus and Claudius. Dio, LV, 27 ; Pliny, fiz'sz‘.
Nat, II, 26, 96; VIII, 2, 4. Possibly the eighth occasion may be found in Sueto-
nius, Aug., 43.

2 Cf. Dio, L111, 1; Suet. Aug, 43. Wooden seats were erected in the Campus
Martins for gymnastic contests in 726. Whether Germanicus or Drusus is the grand-
son mentioned here is unknown.

56 MONUMENTUM ANCYRANUM.

36 tu [um] Vicem ter et Vicie [ns] [§]. [Pr]o conlegio XV
virorum magis [ter con-

37 l]e[gi]i colleg[a] M. Agrz‘ppa [§] lud [OS 5] aecl [are]s C.
Furnio C. [S] ilano cos. [feci.

38 C] on [sul XIII] ludos Mar [tia] les pr [imus feci], qu [0s]
p [ost i] d tempus deincep [s]

39 ins [equen] ti [bus arm] is ......... [fecerunt co] n [511] les.
[g] [Ven] ati [o] n [es] best [ia] -

4o rum Africanarum meo nomine aut filio [ru] rn meorum et
nepotum in ci [r] -

41 co ant [1] n foro aut in amphitheatris popul [o d] edi sexiens
et viciens,: quibus

42 confecta sunt bestiarum circiter tria In [ill] iaset quingentae.

c. 23.
43 Navalis proeli spectaclum populo de [di tr] ans T iberim, in quo
loco
44 nunc nemus est Caesarum, cavato [solo] in longitudinem
mille
5

other magistrates.“ In behalf of the college of quindecemvirs, I, as
master of the college, with my colleague Agrippa, celebratedthe Secu-
lar Games in the consulship of Gains Furnius and Gains Silanus.4
When consul for the thirteenth time, I first celebrated the Martial
games, which since that time the consuls have given in successive
years.5 Twenty-six times in my own name, or in that of my sons and
grandsons, I have given hunts of African wild beasts in the circus, the
forum, the amphitheatres, and about thirty-five hundred beasts have been
killed.6
c. 23.

I gave the people the spectacle of a naval battle beyond the Tiber,
where now is the grove of the Caesars.1 For this purpose an excava-

 

3 These were the lesser games of the circus and theatres, given ordinarily by
magistrates holding the lower offices, which Augustus never filled. He took upon him-
self the care and expense where the proper magistrates were absent or too poor. Cf.
Dio, XLV, 6; C. I. L., 1,1). 397.

4 The charge of the Secular Games, celebrated supposedly once in a century,
though in reality oftener, fell to the quindecemvirs. Cf. Eckhel, VI. 102, for a coin
with imp. Cwsar A ugurlu: :‘ua’. saec. XV S. F. This was in 737. Cf. also C. I. L.,
I, p. 442. The college evidently gave the presidency to Augustus and Agrippa, since

ifrplmz- -i ‘ ,

THE DEEDS 0F AUGUSTUS. 57

8 dad. as 22321 071.112» dloyrfiy €22 ,ae'pe: 2,02: 7052 si700’d7cg. §
1: ”I \ ~ N I V x ‘5 ~ 3/ I

9 lpsp rwy 057a72'evrs [amp] wu, exam auyapxoyra
IO Mdpmv ’47012r75[av 2d; '11] 5'02; [d]za‘ ézardy e’rcby rewo-
II ae'ua; (3V [oyafopéva] " 0|:az] 71doezg : 7077002 lair}?
12 (00002720 7[aé] lava) Ee[z]1ayw& .L orgdroz. [§] "17' Taro: rpm-
I3 xaca‘e'zaroy [fléagy 405a); :20 [wrog 5.2677002, 52: [.45.- 5’-
I4 757% [y z] payoy éfyy: [207: ”[5 cire'rren'a spa/1020?:

15 . ,uo: exoraay of Erra-
I6 [70!] . . '7 . . . . 7/: (Yr/phat) 5
I7 . .
18 . . . .
I9
20
C. 23.

21 N[au,aax1a: '11e'au2' 9“ diy'jaclue é’dw] 702” .Le [p] an 200 '1 :-
22 [fie'ptdog 511 to 267m; sari 72)]21 0.1.00: Kama [am] y,
'23 e’xzexw [70): 2'6 $30,590:] . °[i]: (227/7 [0]; xezh'wy (3726170-

3

24 via» 7:05 [(0% at; 7r]1.dr[o] ; xzh'wu 820.70 [0] Jam. éy f7

 

it was very convenient that these two members of the sacred body also held the tribu-
nitial power, and so the games came into the charge of the two greatest men of the
state in a perfectly natural way. Cf. C. I. L., IX, p. 29, No. 252. {01’ confirmation 0f
Agrippa’s membership in the college of quindecemvirs.

5 These games were celebrated on August I. Dio, LX, 5, and LVI, 46s tells 0f
their being annual, and in charge of the consuls after the death of Augustus. They
began in 752. This passage is one of the few where both the Latin and Greek are
incapable of restoration.

‘ Cf. Suet. Aug. 43. Some of these occasions were: in 743 in connection With
the dedication of the theatre of Marcellus. Cf. Dio, LIV, 26. Here six hundred
beasts were killed, and the tiger was shown for the first time. Cf. Pliny, 1%"- Naz‘.,
VIII, 17, 65. ‘In 752, two hundred and sixty lions and thirty-six crocodiles were
killed. Cf. Dio, LV, IO. In 765, in the games given by Germanicus, two hundred
lions were killed. Cf. Dio, LVI, 27.

Augustus says “ amphitheatres,” though there was but one such structure. He

may have regarded it as being two theatres joined at their straight side and facing each
other.

C. 23. 1 Velleius II, 100, writes: “ The divine Augustus in the year when he
was consul with Gallus Caninius (752) sated the minds and the eyes of the Roman
people at the dedication of the temple of Mars with the most magnificent gladiatorial
shows and naval battles.” Dio, LV, :0, says that traces of the excavation could be

58 MONUMENTUM ANCYRANUM.

45 et octingentos pedés, [§] in létitudine [m mille] e[t] ducenti.
In quo tri-

46 ginta rostrétae naves trirémes a[ut birem] és, [§] plures
autem

47 minéres inter se conflixérunt. Q[uibus in] classibus pugnave-

48 runt praeter rémigés millia ho [minum tr] ia circiter. §

c. 24.

49 In templis omnium civitétium pr [ovinci] ae Asiae victor orna—

50 menta reposui, quae spoliatis tem[p1is is] cum qué bellum
gesseram

51 privétim possederat § Statuae [mea]e pedestrés et equestres
et in

52 quadrigeis argenteae steterunt in urbe XXC circiter, quas
ipse

5 3 sustuli [§] exque ea pecunia dona aurea in aede Apol [1i] nis
mec’) nomi-

54 he et illorum, qui mihi statuarum honorem habuerunt, posui. §

V. c. 25.

I Mare pacavi a praedonibus. E6 bellc’) servorum, qui fugerant
a dominis

2 suis et arma contra rem publicam céperant, triginta fere‘ millia
capta §

tion was made eighteen hundred feet long and twelve hundred wide.
In this contest thirty beaked ships, triremes or biremes, were engaged,
besides more of smaller size. About three thousand men fought in these
vessels in addition to the rowers.

c. 24.

In the temples of all the cities of the province of Asia, I, as victor,
replaced the ornaments of which he with whom I was at war had taken
private possession when he despoiled the temples.1 Silver statues of
me, on foot, on horseback and in quadrigas, which stood in the city to
the number of about eighty, I removed, and out of their money value,
I placed golden gifts in the temple of Apollo in my own name, and in
the names of those who had offered me the honor of the statues.2

c. 25.
I have freed the sea from pirates. In that war with the slaves I

THE DEEDS OF AUGUSTUS. 59

XIII.
rpzdxo [12] Ta MD: Epfiolla é’xouaa: rpm'pszg 77' 81'-
xpor [01, a5] (is 5000125; nleioug évaupdx‘qaav. §
’Eu 19:51-90] 1'96 02-6190 f/yww'aanro é’Ew 21521 5,0876»
npéon' [0] U o’t’ydpsg 7p [i] 01%]! [i] 50:.
c. 24.
[’Ev MOI]; 7r[a0'] (512 716150) [22] 777: [7A] a! [a]; yemjaa: ta
duaflé-

ADONH

U‘l

,

6 am. (171' oxare’ar 0a 0? e? 512 Z dill Es oau/Ir'a'a: o
f1 77 i X I 10 I
7 £578 [#105] d [a] aywwafleég 7:025' [#10:] . ’Audpiayreg 71's—
8 {02 mi é’gmmoa’ you xaé 4590’ (Zolaaaw dprupo? afar-jasp-
9 can 522 7/7} mile: e’yybg dro‘on’xowa, 0i): adrog 77,001,
10 Ex 10151-00 rs r05 xpp’yarog o’waflépara xpuod €22
II T93 vac/3 1'05 ’Arrdevog up re s’pq) dud/tar: xaé
a I (I I I ~ ~ , ,
12 ezewwu, ocrweg yes [1'] ourocg 1'ch dudpzaaw arse/£7-
I 3 Jan, duéflfiza.
c. 25.

14 00310100019] TEElpaTEUO/léVT/V 13m) dnoararcfiv 50L}-

 

seen in his time (c. 200 A. D.), and that the fight represented a battle of Athenians
and Persians, in which the former were victorious. Cf. Suet. Aug. 43 ; Ovid, A rs
A m. I, 171.

Claudius gave a similar exhibition on the Fucine Lake, but with a hundred tri-
remes and quadriremes, and a force of nineteen thousand men, “ as once Augustus did
in a pond by the Tiber, but with lighter vessels and a smaller force.” Cf. Tac. Amt.
XII, 56; Suet. Claud., 21; Dio, LX, 33.

C. 24. 1 Another instance of avoidance of the name of an enemy while distinctly
referring to him. Antony had stripped various temples at Samos, Ephesus, Pergamos,
and Rhoeteum, all in the province of Asia, and had given the spoils to Cleopatra. Dio,
LI, 17, says that great numbers of such things were found in her palace when Alex-
andria was captured. Pliny, Hist. Nat, XXXIV, 8, 58, says: “He (Myro) made
an Apollo, which was taken away by the triumvir Antony, but restored to the Ephesians
by the divine Augustus.” Strabo, XIII, I, 30, writes of Rhoeteum: “ Caesar Augustus
gave back to the Rhoetians the shrine and statue of Ajax which Antony had taken away
and given to Egypt. He did the like for other cities. For Antony took away the
finest votive offerings from the most famous shrines for the gratification of the Egyptian.
woman, but Augustus restored them.” Ib. XIV, I, I4, writes of the temple of Hera,
at Samos: “Antony took away three colossal sitting statues on one base, but Augustus,
Caesar restored two of them, Athene and Heracles, to the same base; the Zeus, how.
ever, he placed upon the Capitol.”

’ Suetonius, Aug., 52, says these gifts took the form of tripods. Cf. Dio, L111,
22; LII, 35; LIV, 35.

60 MONUMENTUM ANCYRANUM.

3 dominis ad supplicium sumendum tradidi. §Iuravit in mea
verba téta

4 Italia sponte sua et me be [111], qué vici ad Actium, ducem
depoposcit. § Iura-

5 verunt in eadem ver [ba provi] nciae Galliae Hispaniae Africa
Sicilia Sar-

6 dinia. § Qui sub [signis meis tum] militaverint, fuerunt

senatérés plfires

quam DCC, in if [s qui vel antea vel pos] tea consules facti

sunt ad eum diem

8 quc’) scripta su[nt haec, LXXXIII, sacerdo]tés ci[rc]iter
CLXX. g

\Y

C. 26.

9 Omnium prov [inciarum populi Romani] , quibus finitimae
fuerunt
IO gentés quae n[on parerent imperio nos]tro, fines auxi. Gal-
lias et Hispa-
I I nias prévicia [s et Germaniam qua inclu] dit oceanus a Gadi-
bus ad ésti-

V, 7. qui vel antea vel, S. consulares, et qui.
V, I I. et Germaniam qua includit, W. item Germaniam qua claudit.

delivered to their masters for punishment about thirty thousand slaves
who had fled from their masters and taken up arms against the state.1
The whole of Italy voluntarily took the oath of allegiance to me, and
demanded me as leader in that war in which I conquered at Actium.
The provinces of Gaul, Spain, Africa, Sicily and Sardinia swore the
same allegiance to me.2 There were more than seven hundred senators
who at that time fought under my standards, and among these, up to
the day on which these words are written, eighty-three have either before
or since been made consuls, and about one hundred and seventy have
been made priests.3
c. 26.

I have extended the boundaries of all the provinces of the Roman
people which were bordered by nations not yet subjected to our sway.l
I have reduced to a state of peace the Gallic and Spanish provinces,
and Germany, the lands enclosed by the ocean from Grades to the mouth

 

C. 25. 1The allusion is to Sextus Pompeius, whose fleets, manned largely by
slaves, cut off the grain ships on their way to Rome. Again Augustus avoids the name

THE DEEDS OF AUGUSTUS. 6x

15 law [5510622] wow 55 (5h ”spat”: n00 pupzdda; 2' Z;

16 65 [07361011] g 5?; xélaaw zapédcoxa. § ”52/100512

I7 [83: rob; 57102)] g 267/00; dnaaa vi ’Ira/Ic'a ézofiaa 2d.-

18 [#3: irolépouj 95 57f ’Azre'clu 512:5[51277001’ rife/Adm £577—

19 [réaarq c’ébaoaay ei; rob; [abrob] g 2.6700; 57w. [‘0]-

20 X5 [fat Fala [Tia (Ian-awn .44de 2‘:[xe}.ia Eap] 5((3. Of Enr‘

21 ,a [afg amaéazg rd] re arpareu [coir/.5220: flaw) (row/hym-

22 [2:02 22.5502); ém']a [2006] (or [5112 [043707; 0? yfi npérepou 77']

2 3 [perértezra] £7 [élJOV] 2'0 [871611705 55’: ex] 5 [4'] V[T/lJ 197v; fl pé-

24 Loan, 5V f7 rafira y'érpaxra]:, 6 [750420] ura rpe [Z] q, Esp [8?] :
XIV.

I 2,060.70!) éxaz‘t‘n) éfidopn’ [2] 012m.

.2
c—

. C. 26.
2 170:0ch érrapxeaby 85,1100) <Pm] paiwy, (1?; gnopa
3 7712 $191277 ml #77 éfioraao [6/1] em 77] finer-em]. 7}-
4 reaction, 1'05; 5pm): erred? [77d] 0:. [§] Fat/larch; xai (10'-
5 Ham'ag, (Spain); 639 zai Pep/whim) xafirbg ’Qxea-
6 V6; mpzz/leéez (in [a] Fade [1‘0] an) péx‘oz aréparo;

XIII, 22. 0'1 77“ 7rp6-repov 77‘, S. iwarucol Ital of).

 

of an opponent. Cf. Vell., II, 7 3, who thinks it remarkable that a son of the great
Pompey, who had freed the sea from pirates, should himself defile it with piratical
crimes. Florus, IV, 8, reflects the same sentiment. App. 8. C.,V, 77, 80, says that cap-
tured pirates under torture confessed that Sextus Pompeius was the instigator of their
crimes. When the peace of Misenum was made, Sextus Pompeius stipulated for the
freedom of the slaves who had fought under him. It was after the overthrow of Pom-
pey, in 718, that the slaves were returned. Dio, XLlX, [2, adds that slaves whose
masters did not claim them were returned to their several cities, there to be crucified.
Cf. App. B. C., V, 131; Oros. VI, 18.

2 This was in 722, just before the breaking out of hostilities between Antony and
Octavian. Cf. Dio, L, 6; Suet., Aug. 17.

3 Cf. c. 8, Note 2. There were a thousand senators at this time. Augustus,
in his statement,'probably means that seven hundred of the thousand then in the senate
were on his side, not merely seven hundred who then or later were senators.

The number of consulars, eighty-three, is quite consistent with the facts, as is
shown in a careful analysis of the Fasti Comulare: for the period by Mommsen. R.
0., p. 100.

The priests referred to were probably members of the four great colleges and the

Arval brotherhood. Cf. c. 7, notes 2—7.
C. 26. 1 This statement is borne out by what we otherwise know. Taking the

provinces in order we find: First, the German frontier is pushed forward from the

62 MONUMENTUM ANCYRANUM.

12 um Albis flt’im [inis pacavi. Alpes a re [giéne ea quae proxima
est I-Ia-

13 driané mari, [ad Tuscum pacari fec]i nulli genti bello per
inii’iriam

I4 inlato. § C1a[ssis mea per Oceanum] ab éstio Rhéni ad Solis
orientis re-

I 5 gionem usque ad fi [nes Cimbroru] m navigavit, [§] qué neque
terra neque

r6 mari quisquam Romanus ante id tempus adit, § Cimbrique et
Charydes

V, 13. pacem feci. W. pacificavi.

of the Elbe.“ The Alps from the region nearest the Adriatic as far as
the Tuscan Sea I have brought into a state of peace, without waging an
unjust war upon any people.3 My fleet has navigated the ocean from
the mouth of the Rhine as far as the boundaries of the Cimbri, where
before that time no Roman had ever penetrated by land or sea ;‘ and
the Cimbri and Charydes and Semnones and other German peoples of

 

Rhine to the Elbe. Cf. Suet. Aug. 21. Second, in Illyricum and Macedonia he had
erected the new provinces of Pannonia and Moesia. Third, in Asia Minor he did not
extend the older limits of Bithynia, but out of the kingdom of Amyntas, he made the
new province of Galatia and later added Paphlagonia to it. Fourth, in Africa, Augustus
rather narrowed than extended the empire by his partition with Juba in 729. But a
number of Roman proconsuls won laurels there.

2 Here the record is of commotions quelled within the recognized limits of
the empire. In Spain there was the Cantabrian war from 727 to 735. In Gaul, G.
Carrinas had subdued the Morini, and triumphed, July I4, 726 ; and M. Messala had
suppressed the Aquitani, triumphing Sept. 25, 727. Cf. Suet. Aug, 20, 21.

The German campaigns extending at intervals over the years from 742 to the
very end of Augustus’ reign it is needless to detail. This reference to the pacification
of Germany has been the subject of much dispute. Mommsen in two places (R. 0.,
p. VI, and 48), uses the word “ crafty” (callia’us) of Augustus, referring to his
alleged glozing over of unsatisfactory events. Hirschfeld goes further, and in con-
nection with the present passage accuses Augustus (I/Vz'mer Studien, V, 117) of a.
“ masterly concealment and whitewashing (fibertfinchung) of all that could hurt his
reputation.” This charge is made because Augustus omits all mention of the disaster
under Varus. Against this charge Johannes Schmidt defends Augustus, (Pfii/ologus,
XLV, p. 394, ii). The Contest between Schmidt and Hirschfeld is based really upon
opposing views of the purpose of the Res Gestae. Schmidt believed it to be
an epitaph. In this there would be no place for anything save the fortunate events of
a life. If 122'! de mortuz's m'n' 50mm; be wise, Augustus might well have adapted the
adage to his own case and said, m'l it me morituro m'u' 501mm. But Hirschfeld insists
that the Re: Gestae constitute not an epitaph, but “ an account of his administration,”

THE DEEDS OF AUGUSTUS. 63

7 "Allfizoc flOpotO [5 éu] 5210772277 mz‘éamaa. ”1411777; (272'?)
8 xliparog 2'06 7111705022 Eiow'ou xdlnou ye’xp: Top—
9 [mywxrjg flaldamyg 55077225650801: 7T87T6771d, [§] oddew‘
IO é’fluec 0155'ch e’mvexfle’m‘og moléyou. [§] 21-620:
II éluog deal ’QxeauoB (177:6 (It'd/taro; (P773200 (5); 71,02):
12 dparola‘g péxp: 519ml); Kip, paw deem/lavas», of) 05—
I 3 Te 2(de 777p 0576 xard fld/iaaaay zProgenitor) rag up?)
14 700700 2'05 xpo'uoo npoafilflew zaé Kip/3,00: xaé Xdliu-
I 5 fie; xaE Se’yuoysg (ill/la T8 Troll/lot 38m; Feppavcfiu

 

and therefore contends that the omission of the German disaster was not in good
faith. To this, Schmidt answers that Augustus had nothing to gain by such conceal-
ment—indeed that concealment of so notorious a disaster would be absurd. And in
the text itself he finds a recognition of the real state of affairs, inasmuch as Augustus
expressly distinguishes Germany from the provinces, Gallic and Spanish, and while
claiming it for Rome, does not assert that it belongs to her as do organized provinces,
Schmidt also says that pacaw’, “ I pacified ” does not necessarily imply that Germany
continued in a state of peace. It may well enough cover the fact that there
was temporary success. But this is hair-splitting. The character of the Res Germ:
must be always had in mind. Cf. Introduction. Its deliverances were aa’ popular”
and they constituted an epitaph.

3 Suetonius, Aug. 21, says: “ He waged war upon no people without just and
necessary causes.” The present Torbia near Monaco, derives its name from a
Tropcw Augmiz', “ Trophy of Augustus,” some fragments of which still exist.

The inscription has been preserved by Pliny, 19m. Nat, III, 20, I 36 : imp.
Cmarz' a’z'w' f Augusto pond/ice maxumo imp. XIII] tribum'c. patestate X VII 5. g). g.
R. guoa’ ejur ductu auspicizkym genres (441523212 omnes quae a mari supera ad inferum
pertz'nizéant sué imperium 15. 1?. sun! redactaz—“ the Roman senate and people to
Caesar , . . Augustus . . . because under his leadership and auspices all the Alpine
nations, from the upper to the lower sea have been brought into subjection to the
Roman empire.” Then follows an enumeration of forty-six peoples. Pliny adds,
“the Cottian states were not annexed because they had not been hostile; ” and an
arch at Segusio was placed in honor of Augustus, and on it are the names of fourteen
states, six being repetitions from the Torbia monument. Cf. C. I. L. V, 7817 and
7231.

The campaigns here referred to are: First, of Varro Murena against the Salassi in
729. Cf. Strabo, IV, 6, 7, .P- 205; Dio, L111, 25; Livy, Epit, CXXXV; Cass.
aa’. amt. 729; Suet. Aug. 2!. Second, of Publius Silius against the Vennones and
Camunni in 7 38. Cf. Dio, LIV, 20. Third, of Tiberius and Drusus against the Raeti
and Vindelici in 739. Cf. Suet. Aug. 21. Fourth, against the Ligurians of the Mari-
time Alps in 740. Cf. Dio, LIV, 24. Finally these regions were formed into the
- province of Raetia in 747—748.

4 This naval expedition was connected with the German campaign of Tiberius in
758. Cf. Vell. II, 106; Pliny, Hist. Nat, II, 67, I67.

64 MONUMENTUM ANCYRANUM.

I7 et Semnones et eiusdem tracti’is alii Germanorum popu [1]i
per legatos amici—
18 tiam meam et populi Roméni petierunt. § Meo iussfi et
auspicio ducti sunt
19 [duo] exercitfis eédem fere tempore in Aethiopiam et in
Ar [a] biam, quae appel-
2o [latur] eudaemon, [maxim] aeque hos [t] ium gentis utr [in] s-
que cop [iae]
2r caesae sunt in acie et [C] om [plur]a oppida capta. In Aethio-
piam usque aa’ oppi- .
22 dum Nabata pervent[um] est, cui proxima est Meroé. In
Arabiam usque
2 3 in finés Sabaeorum pro [cess] it exerc [it] us ad oppidum Ma-
riba. §
(3. 27.
24 Aegyptum imperio populi [Ro]mani adieci. § Armeniam
maiorem inter-
2 5 fecto rége eius Artaxe § c[u]m possem facere provinciam,
malui maiérum
that section, by means of legates, sought my friendship and that of the
Roman people.5 By my command and under my auspices two armies
at almost the same time have been led into Ethiopia. and into Arabia,
which is called “the Happy,” and very many of the enemy of both
peoples have fallen in battle, and many towns have been captured.
Into Ethiopia the advance was as far as Nabata, which is next to
Meroe.6 In Arabia the army penetrated as far as the confines of the
Sabaei, to the town Mariba.7
' c. 27.
I have added Egypt to the empire of the Roman people.1 Of
greater Armenia, when its king Artaxes was killed I could have made

 

5 Strabo, VII, 2, I, describes an embassy of the Cimbri asking for -“ peace and
amnesty.” They dwelt in the end of Jutland. Cf. Ptolemy, II, 10. Below them were
the Charudes, whom the mason at Ancyra makes Cbarydes, and the Greek translator,
thinking of the fable, transforms into Chalybes, living just south of the Cimbri. Cf.
Ptolemy, ii, II, 12. The Semnones were between the Elbe and the Oder.

5 When the Egyptian garrisons were weakened on account of the Arabian ex-
pedition, Queen Candace took advantage of it and captured a number of towns in
Upper Egypt. These the praefect, C. Petronius, restock, and inflicted severe punish-
ment upon the Ethiopians. This took place 730—732. Cf. Strabo, XVII, I, 54; Dio,
LIV, 5 ; Pliny, Mist. Nat, VI, 29, 18!, 182.

THE DEEDS C-F AUGUSTUS. 65

‘ w l 3 \ I \ \ Q I ( )

16 8m zpeafieuuy my amp} Sultan me my 0mm!) 1 w-
17 gaiwy vjm’aayro. ’Epfi e’mran} xaE oiwnofg am:-
18 or; (3130 arloarstflluara éxe’fln Afflzorriq xaé ’Apafiiq
19 rfi eddaénow xaloupe’ny [us-700.01g re 7ch no-
20 Xenia») duvet/rel; xarézogfisy éu xapardfe: mi
21 Trieim'ag rréiierg dopzalcéroug Elaflsv mi 7500—

!,r, 3 g s I I I F 7 , I _ p f
22 apt; en Azflzomq yelp: noise), Aaflarqg, 7n,
2 3 507222 é’yrmra Meioé‘q, 5p ’Apafiiq 89: I‘éXP‘ mile-

. In

24 mg Malocpag,

XV. c. 27.
I ‘2' U'TTOIJ 87' 201) (Pa) claw “ 5 (Mb 'rnoaéflrxr/
A?” // I1- 77’)“ .-’i I‘-
) r I r s , ~ ,’ r’
2 Ala/rental) 177V fl[€l] Cow. anazpsflenrog rou p’amle-

 

In 1896 Capt. Lyons, R. E., found, at Philae, an inscription in Latin, Greek and
hieroglyphics, of which Prof. Mahaffy gives this translation: “ Gaius Cornelius, son
of Cnaeus Gallus, a Roman knight, appointed first prefect, after the kings were con-
quered by Caesar, son of Divus, of Alexandria and Egypt—Who conquered the revolt
of the Thebaid in fifteen days, having won two pitched battles, together With the
capture of the leaders of his opponents, having taken five cities, some by assault, some
by siege, viz., Boresis, Coptos, Ceramice, Diospolis the Great, Ombos (?) ; having
slain the leaders of these revolts, and having brought his army beyond the cataract of
the Nile to a point whither neither the Roman people nor the Kings of Egypt had yet
carried their standards, a military district impassable before his day; having subdued,
to the common terror of all the kings, all the Thebaid, which was not subject to the
kings, and having received the ambassadors of the Ethiopians at Philae, and guestw
friendship from their king (and received their king under his protection) and having
appointed him tyrant of the 30-sc/zomi district of Lower Ethiopia—makes this thank-
offering to the Dii Patrii, and to the Nile, who aided him in his deeds.” London
Az‘lzamzum, March 14, 1896, and Sz'tzzmgrétrz'c/zte (2’. kg]. Pr. Aéaa’. d. I/Vz'ss. zu Berlin,
1896, I, pp. 469—480.

7 The Arabian campaign, under C. Aelius Gallus was probably in 729—730, Cf.
Dio, L111, 29; Hor. Carm. I, 29, 35; Strabo, XVI, 4, 22, 24. Pliny, Hist. Nat.
VI, 28, 159, 166,

C. 27. 1 Egypt was made an integral part of the empire after Actium and the
death of Cleopatra, in 724. Its connection with the empire was peculiar. W. T.
Arnold, Roman Provincial Adiizz'nistmtz’on, p. II 3, says : “The government of Egypt
was in many points wholly exceptional. Julius Caesar had deliberately abstained from
making it a province of the country (cf. Suet., jul. 35) ; and when Augustus added it
to the empire he subjected it to an altogether exceptional treatment. The country was
his private property, or rather the Emperor’s private property; it passed as a matter of
course, that is, from emperor to emperor. Augustus appointed a praefect to represent
him in the province, just as in earlier times the urban praetors had sent prefects to

5

66 MONUMENTUM ANCYRANUM.

26 nostrérum exemplo regn [u]rn id Tigrani regis Artavasdis
filio, nepoti au—

27 tern Tigranis regis, per T[i. Ne] ronem trad[er] e, qui tum
mihi priv [ig] nus erat.

28 Et eandem gentem postea d[esc] iscentem et rebellantern
domit [a]m per Gaizzm

29 filium meum regi Ario [barz] ani regis Medorum Artaba [2i]
filio regen-

30 dam tradidi [§] et post e[ius] mortem filio eius Artavasdi.

V [§] Quo [inte] rfecto [Tigra]-

31 me, qui erat ex régié genere Armeniorum oriundus, in id

re [gnum] misi. §Pro-

vincias omnis, quae trans Hadrianum mare vergun[t a]d

Orien [te]m, Cyre-

33 masque, iam ex parte magma regibus eas possidentibus, e[t]
am’ea Siciliam

(a)
to

a province, but I preferred, after the example of our fathers, to deliver
that kingdom to Tigranes, the son of king Artavasdes, and grandson of
king Tigranes; and this I did through Tiberius Nero, who was then my
son-in-law.2 And afterwards, when the same people became turbulent
and rebellious, they were subdued by Gains, my son, and I gave the
sovereignty over them to king Ariobarzanes, the son of Artabazes,
king of the Medes, and after his death to his son Artavasdes. When
he was killed I sent into that kingdom Tigranes, who was sprung from
the royal house of the Armenians.3 I recovered all the provinces
across the Adriatic Sea, which extend toward the east, and Cyrenaica,

 

represent them in the municipalities of Italy. This praefect was of equestrian, and not
of the highest equestrian rank (Tac.Ann., XII, 60; II, 59; E'sz‘. I. II); no senators
were admitted into the province; and the greatest jealousy was shown of the smallest
interference with it. The reasons for the special jealousy of Egypt shown by Augustus
and his successors were partly the great defensibility of the country (in case of insur-
rection—En), partly its immense importance as the granary of Rome. ‘ It was an
accepted principle with our fathers,’ says Pliny, ‘that our city could not possibly be fed
and maintained without the resources of Egypt.’ ” For a fuller treatment cf. Mar-
quardt, R5711. Staatswrwaltung, I, 282—298.

’ Armenia Major had been raised to greatness by Tigranes I (658-699) who had
been a formidable ally of Mithridates. Pompey finally subdued him, 688. Henceforth
Armenia was in a subject condition. Tigranes was succeeded by his son Artavasdes.
In 718, when Antony attacked the Parthians, this king sided with him against Phraates
of Parthia, and another Artavasdes, king of Media. Cf. Dio, XLIX, 25.

THE DEEDS OF AUGUSTUS. 67

mg dwdpeuo: én’apxez’au 7ro770ae #61).on éfiou-

I r \ I ~C ~ )1 . 7 I
MIMV xara Ta flat-105a glue») 53>; [Bandstand Tag/[0a—
vy ’Apraoudadou 0595, ufawq? as Tzrpdvou Baa:-
Zéwq d[0] By [a]: 550‘: 72,85,050!) Népwuog, 3g rdr’ 5/105
730670120; fir» xaé n) aim} 58:20: (inward/away 10.2

00” GUI-{>00

dvanoiepoay dapaaflép (57:2) Faiou 1'06 0505
9 you flaazle? ”Apzofiapfa’usz, flawléwg M77230») ’Apra-
I C ~ I \ V x 3 r I
10 IBM-foo 0190 709058an xac para 102/ exeeuou 19am-
11 ran r93 0ng (152-03 ’Apraoudab‘y' 05 dvazioefléyrog
12 T: UdV‘f‘V (or 7’22 2;: spoof ’ 10 icy/00 300725705 at"
Tl [)5/‘27/ 511)!" 41""7‘5
I3 riyu fiaadec’au gneptba. § ’Ezapzsc’a; (ixdaag, firm:
I N 3 3 ’ 7 \ 7 \ 3
14 735,000) 70’) Ecowou 202x00 Ozarewouac moo: awa—
\ . \ 17 I _‘ 2 7 F 7 fl C \
15 rolag, xa: 1010qu ex [recosopog #51000, 070 Baa-z-
16 1650112 xareax‘q/révag mi 5’ yawn-(9512 Emek’au m2 Sap—

 

But presently the two Artavasdes changed relations, the king‘of Armenia passing
to the Parthian side and he of Media joining Antony. Cf. Plut., Amt, 52; Dio,
XLIX, 33, 44. Antony captured Artavasdes of Armenia and gave him over to Cleo-
patra, who killed him in 721. His kingdom was assigned to Antony’s son Alexander
to whom was betrothed Jotape daughter of Artavasdes 9f Media. The Armenians
made Artaxes, son of the late Artavasdes, their king. When Octavian overcame
Antony he did not befriend all the Oriental enemies of the latter, but for purposes of x.

his own set up a rival to Phraates of Parthia in Tiridates. Cf. c. 32. And, ' ‘

angered at the Armenians, who had dealt harshly with Certain Romans in that king—
dom, he held as hostages the brothers of king Artaxes, and set Artavasdes of Media
over Armenia Minor as a check upon Artaxes. Cf. Dio, LI, I6; LIV, 9. In 7 34.
Augustus went to the East to arrange affairs there. A campaign against Artaxes was
planned, but he was assassinated. Cf. Dio, LIV, 9; Tac., A7272., II, 3; Vell., II, 94,
122; Suet. Aug, 21 ; Jos., Amt, XV, 4, 3; Eckhel, VI, 98. At this point the action
of Augustus, recorded here in the Re: Gestce, takes place. Augustus follows the ex-
ample of Pompey, who, in dealing with Armenia in 688 had contented himself with
making the Armenian king accept his royalty as a gift from Rome. Cf. Cic. pro Sext.
27. The affair was conducted by Tiberius, not yet adopted. Cf. Suet. 7%., 9; Vell.,
II, 122, Henceforth Armenia was regarded as part of the empire, though its native
sovereigns were continued. Cf. Vell., II, 94, 122: “Armenia restored to the control
of the Roman people ;” “ Armenia retaken.” “ The Medes likewise were subjected.”
Cf. c. 33.

3 The reign of Tigranes was brief. The Parthians winning some success against
Rome, stirred up Armenia. Cf. Tac. Ann, 11, 3; Vell. II, 100. They favored the
children of Tigranes, Tigranes III and Erato. A Roman faction set up his younger
brother Artavasdes. Cf. Tacitus l. c. The suppression of the disorder was enjoined
upon Tiberius. But at this juncture, 748, he went into retirement at Rhodes. Cf.
Dio, LV, 9. Artavasdes died and the young Tigranes courted the aid of Rome, but

68 MONUMENTUM ANCYRANUM.

34 et Sardiniam occupalas bello servili reciperavi. §

c. 28.

35 Colonias in Africa Sz'cz'lz’a [M] acedonia utréque Hispania
Achai[a] Asz'a S[y] rz’a

36 Gallia Narbonensi Pz'[si] dz'a militum dedi’ixi §. Italia autem
XXVIII [colo]ni-

37 as, quae vivo me celeberrz'mae et frequentissimae fuerunt, me-
[is auspicis]

38 deductas habet.

V, 37. meis auspiciis, W. mca auctoritate.

at that time for the most part in the possession of kings, together with
Sicily and Sardinia, which had been engaged in a servile war.‘

c. 28.

I have‘established colonies of soldiers1 in Africa, Sicily, Mace-
donia, the two Spains, Achaia, Asia, Syria, Gallia Narbonensis and
Pisidia.2 Italy also has twenty-eight colonies established under my
auspices, which within my lifetime have become very famous and pop-
ulous.3

 

was soon killed, probably by Parthian means, and his sister Erato abdicated.
Cf. fragments of Dio, cited by Mommsen, R. G. p. 113, and Dio, LV, Io. Tacitus
confirms the delivery of Armenia to Ariobarzanes by Gaius. Cf. Ann, II, 3; and
Dio, LV, 10. The Parthian faction did not accept him, and it was in a contest over him
that Gains received a wound, of which he died, Feb. 21, 757. Cf. C. I. L. I, p. 472.
For the succession of Artavasdes, cf. Dio, LV, 10. The Tigranes IV, next mentioned
“ of the royal house of the Armenians ” was a grandson of Herod the Great, of Judea,
on the one side, and of Archelaus, King of Cappadocia, and probably an Armenian
princess on the other. Cf. Tac. Amz. VI, 40; XIV, 26; Jos., Am‘. XVIII, 5, 4;
Wars, I, 28, I.

4= For Sicily and Sardinia, cf. c. 25 and notes.

By the treaty of Brundisium, Antony had received Macedonia, Achaia, Asia,
Pontus, Bithynia, Cilicia, Cyprus, Syria, Crete, Cyrenaica. The five last named he had
given over to foreign kings. As to Asia and Bithynia, Dio, XLIX, 41 and Plut. Am‘.
54, are in conflict. But the Re: Gestce tends to confirm the latter. Lycaonia and
Pamphylia were taken from the province of‘ Cilicia and given to Amyntas, King of
Galatia. Cf. Dio, XLIX, 32. He extended Egypt again by restoring to it Cyprus.
Cf. Dio, XLIX, 32, 41 ; Plut. l. c.; Strabo, XIV, 6, 6 : he granted to Cleopatra and
Caesarion, her son by Julius Caesar, the coast land of Syria, Tyre and Sidon excepted,
cf. Jos. Ant. XV, 4, 1; Wars, I, 18, 5; also Coele-Syria, cf. Jos. Anl. XV, 3, 8;
Plut. l. c. Ituraea, Judaea and Arabia Nabataea, cf. Dio, XLIX, 32; J05. Ant. XV,
4, r; 5, 3; Wars, I, 18, 5; 20, 3; parts of Cilicia, cf. Strabo, XIV, 5, 3; 5, 6: and
perhaps Crete also, cf. Dio, XLIX, 32 : and Cyrenaica, cf. Plut. 1. c. To his younger
son Ptolemy Philadelphus he gave Syria, and part of Cilicia, cf. Dio, XLIX, 41 ; Plut.

THE DEEDS OF AUGUSTUS. 69
\ 7 I ~ ~ 3 7
17 do) 7rpoxarezloy/zeuag 7:025pr 6002mm ape/laflov,

c. 28.
18 ’Anozxz'ag 5V Aefidfl 20(5).ng Maxsdom'q 5’22 éxaré-
19 pet re (Ion-rapier ’Axalq ’Aae’gl 20,059: Fallariqt rfy 7:5-
20 p2 Ndpfiwua 11:0:qu arparewrcfiv xany’rarou. § ’Ira-
‘ V \ V 7 \ 3 I N C , ~ I
21 Ma 65 8:500: oxrw arroexca: eye: wr épou xaraxflez-
22 dag, a? 5/105 Trepeovroq nlpflbouaae érdyxauoy.

 

l. c. : for the elder, Alexander he planned a kingdom made up of Armenia, Media and
Parthia, cf. Livy, Epit. CXXXI ; Plutarch, l. c. These alienations of Roman territory
were made the occasion of Octavian’s attack upon Antony. Cf. Dio, L, I ; Plut. l. c.

C. 28. 1 Mommsen believes that Augustus founded only military colonies. Zumpt
thinks otherwise. Cf. Comment E19237” I, 362.

2 Known colonies of Augustus are: In Africa, Carthage, cf. C. I. L. VIII, p. 133 ;
Dio, LII, 43 ; App. Pun. CXXXVI. In Sicily, Panhormus, T hermes, Tyndaris, cf-
Dio, LIV, 7; Pliny, flirt. New, III, 8, 88; 89; 90. Marquardt, R5772. Slaatswmaltung
I, 246, names seven colonies of Augustus in Sicily. In Macedonia, Dyrrachium,
Philippi, cf. Dio, LI, 4. Cassandrea, cf. Pliny, Hist. Nat, IV, 10. In Hither Spain,
Caesaraugusta, cf. coin in Eckhel I, 37, which also gives the numbers of the
legions whose veterans were colonized here: leg. I V, leg. V1, leg. X. Marquardt
op. (27., I, 256, names six colonies of Augustus here. In Farther Spain, Emerita, cf,
Eckhel I, 12, and 19, leg. V, X; Marquardt, op. cit., I, 257. In Achaia, Patrae, cf.
C. I. L. III, p. 95, leg. X, XII. In Asia, Alexandrea of the Troad, cf. Pliny, 1575!.
Nat. V, 30. In Syria, Berytus, cf. Eckhel III, 356, leg. V, VIZ]; Heliopolis, cf.
Eckhel, III, 334. In Gallia Narbonensis, Reii and Aquae Sextiae, cf. Herzog, Gall.
Narb. inser. n. II 3, 356. In Pisidia, Antioch, cf. Eckhel III, 18; Cremna, cf. Eckhel
III, 20; Olbasa, cf. Eckhel, III, 20; Parlais, cf. Ramsay, Bull. ele Corr. Hell, VII ,
p. 318.

No colonies are assigned to Sardinia, the three Gauls and two Germanies, Raetia,
Noricum, Bithynia, Pontus, Galatia, Galatian Pontus, Paphlagonia, part of Phrygia,
Lycaonia, Isauria, Cilicia, Cyprus, Crete, Egypt, Cyrenaica. As for parts of the empire
under subject kings, such as Thrace, Cappadocia, Mauretania, no account is taken of
them, though there were certainly colonies in Mauretania, at Cartenna and Tupusuctu.
Ci. Pliny, flirt. Nat, V, 2, 20; C. I. L., VIII, 8857.

3 Cf. an article by Mommsen, Hermes, XVIII, 161 if. on the “ Colonies of Italy
from Sulla to VeSpasian.”

When Augustus wrote, Italy was separated from Illyricum by the river Arsia.
Yet Illyricum was not counted by him as a province. It had colonies at Emona, Iader,
Salona, and possibly at Epidaurus and Narona. Cf. C. I. L., III, pp. 489, 374, 304,
287, 291. Mommsen thinks this omission was intended by Augustus; that he had
been able to satisfy some of his veterans, to whom Italian farms had been promised,
with lands over the Italian border in Illyricum, and because he could not call it a

province, nor yet a part of Italy, he eludes the difficulty by omitting the Illyrian
colonies. '

70 MONUMENTUM ANCYRANUM.

c. 29.
39 Signa militaria complur[a per] aliés d[u] cés ami [ssa] devicti [s
hostibu] 5 re [cipe] ravi]
40 ex Hispam'a ez‘ [Gallia et a Dalm] ateis. § Parthos trium
exercitum Roman [o] -
41 rum spolz'a at szgmz re [ddere] mihi supplicesque amicitiam
populi Romani]
42 petere coegz‘. § Ea autem sz'[gn]a in penetréli, quod e[s]t in
‘ templo Martis Ultoris,

43 reposui.
c. 30.

44 Pannoniomm gentes, qua [s a] nte me principem populi Romani
exercitus nun-
45 quam ad [i] 2‘, devz'ctas per Tz'. [Ne] ronem, qui tum erat pri-
vignus et legatus meus,
46 imperio populz‘ Romani s[ubie] ci, protulique finés Illyrici
ad r[ip] am fli’iminis
c. 29.

I have recovered from Spain and Gaul, and from the Dalmatians,
after conquering the enemy, many military standards which had been
lost by other leaders.1 I have compelled the Parthians to give up to
me the spoils and standards of three Roman armies, and as suppliants
to seek the friendship of the Roman people. Those standards, more-
over, I have deposited in the sanctuary which is in the temple of Mars

the Avenger?
c. 30.

The Pannonian peoples, whom before I became princeps, no army
of the Roman people had ever attacked, were defeated by Tiberius
Nero, at that time my son-in-la-w and legate ; and I brought them under

 

The names of the twenty-eight Italian colonies are somewhat difficult to establish.
Several perplexing questions rise in the attempt. What of the colonies founded by
Antony and Octavian as triumvirs ? Were they Antoniae Juliae, or some Juliae and others
Antoniae? If the former were true and they dropped the name Antoniae, the result
would be far more than twenty-eight Julian and Augustan colonies. The second
probability is more likely, and that the colonies Antoniae simply dropped their name
after Actium.

A third difficulty rises in the case of the enlargement of old colonies and their
resettlement, as, e. g., of Minturnae. Cf. Hyginus, De Lina, p. 177. Mommsen gives
a list which nearly meets the statement of Augustus. I. Ariminum, Augusta ,-
2. Ateste; 3. Augusta Praetoria; 4. fulz'a Augusta Taurinorum; 5. Beneventum,
fulia Augusta; 6. Bononia; 7. Brixia, Augusta ; 8. Capua, julia Augmm; 9. Cas-
trum novum Etruriae, fulz’a ; Io. Concordia, julz'a ,- u. Cumae (P), fulz’a ,- [2. Der-

 

rak‘
I

THE DEEDS OF AUGUSTUS. 7!

c. 29.
2 3 Emuéag arpanwnxo‘z; [flZsz'ouc (51715 (1’7.le 7575/16-
24 may dnofiefi/lppévag [wrap rob] g 202571501);
XVI.
dflélafiw § 65 ‘Imraw'a; m2 Falarz'ag xaE napd
Aalyarrfiw 17401900; rpthv arpareuydrwy (Pro/1a!—
am 0x520: mi mype’ag dnodoauaz 45/102 fxérag re 90:-
liz'ap 6777101) ‘Pw/uaz'wy dEuZO'az fivdrzaaa. [§] rau'ra;
83: wig mypéag 52) up ”Apewq 2'05 ’A/uéyropog 120105 d-

ONUI-PCNNH

362-30 dflefléypp.
c. 30.
7 anow'wv 5192277, 02’: Hp?) 5/105 firepépog arpdrsu-
8 ,aa “Pro/Jami) 06;: “5127:0512, fiaapfiévra 67:8) Tzfiepz'ou
9 Népwyog, 8; 2'61" 5/105 ‘er npéronog mi npeofieur 7;,
IO 575710qu 56/101) (Pm/raglan éxéraEa [§] rd re ’I/i/Iuloc-

 

tona, julz'a ; I 3. Fanum Fortunae, fulz'a ,- I4. Falerio ; I 5. Hispellum, fulz'a ,-
16. Lucus Feronize,_/ulia; x7. Minturnze; 18. Nola, Augusta; 19. Parentium,_]ulz‘a;
20. Parma, ju/z'a Augusm ,- 2I. Pisae, fulz'a; 22. Pisaurum, julz'a ,' 23. Pola, fulz'a ;
24. Saena (P), julz'a; 25. Sora, fulz'a ; 26. Suessa, fulz’a ,- 27. Sutrium, julz'a;
28. Tuder, juiz'a ; 29, Venafrum, fulz’a Augusz‘a. Cf. Marquardt, Rb'm. Staatswr-
waltung, I, ”8—132.

C. 29. 1 Of standards recovered in Spain and Gaul we have no further knowledge.
It may be that in the Cantabrian war of 728, 729, some such thing took place.

Appian, [[[yn XII, XXV, XXVIII, narrates the capture of standards by the Dal-
matians from Gabimus in 706, and their restoration to Augustus in 72I. These were
then placed in the Octavian portico ; and probably later transferred to the temple of
Mars.

2The standards had been lost by Crassus and Antony. Cf. Justin, XLII, 5, II;
Livy, £1521, CXLI; Suetonius, Aug. 21; Vell., II, 9! ; Vergil, En. VII, 606; Hor-
ace, Carm., I, 12, 56; III, 5, 4; Dio, LIII, 33; LIV, 8; Cass. C/zron. ad. 734 ;
Oros., VI, 21 ; Florus IV, 12; Eutropius, VII, 9. One detachment of Antonius’
army, under L. Decidius Saxa, was exterminated in 714, and another in 718 under
Oppius Statianus; Cf. Livy, Ep. CXXI; Dio, XLVIII, 24.

Tiberius received the standards from the Parthians in 734. Cf. Dio, LIV, 8, etc.;
Suet, Tib. 9. Eckhel, VI, 95, shows a coin with a Parthian on bended knee present-
ing a standard to Augustus. Cf, also Horace, Epis., I, 12, 27 ; Oros., VI, 21, 29;
and c. 32 of the inscription. .

There were two temples of Mars Ultor, a smaller one on the Capitoline, and a
larger in the forum, dedicated in 752. The standards were removed to the larger
temple. Cf. Dio, LV, Io; Horace, Carm., IV, 5, I6; Epz’s” I, I8, 56; Propertius,
III, 10, 3; Ovid, Trist. II, 295; Fasti, V, 549; VI, 459.

 

72 MONUMENTUM ANCYRANUM.

47 Dan [u] i. Citr [a quod [D] ac [or] u [m tr] an [s] gressus exer—
citus meis a [n] sp [icis Vict] us profliga-

48 tusque [est, et postea tran] 5 Dan [11] Vium ductus eX [ercitus
me] u [5] Da [cor] um

49 gentes im [peria populi Romani perferre coegit.]

c. 3t.
50 Ad me ex In [dia regum legationes saepe missae sunt, nun-
quani antea Visae]
51 apud qu [em]q[uam] R[omanorum du] cem. § Nostram
am [icitiam petierunt]
52 per legat [os] B [a] starn [ae Scythae] que et Sarmatarum q[ui
sunt citra flu] men
5 3 Tanaim [et] ultra reg [es, Alba] norurnque réx et Hibér [orum
et Medorum.]
c. 32.
54 Ad rné supplices confug [erunt] regés Parthorum Tirida [tes et
postea] Phrat [es]

V, 49. imperia, W. imperium; perferrc, W. accipere; S. sustinere.
subjection to the empire of the Roman people,1 and extended the
boundaries of Illyricum to the bank of the river Danube.2 \Vhen an
army of the Dacians crossed this river, it was defeated and destroyed,
and afterwards my army, led across the Danube, compelled the Dacian
people to submit to the sway of the Roman people.3

0. 31.

Embassies have been many times sent to me from the kings of
India, a thing never before seen in the case of any ruler of the
Romans.1 Our friendship has been sought by means of ambassadors
by the Bastarnae and the Scythians, and by the kings of the Sarmatae,
who are on either side of the Tanais, and by the kings of the Albani,
the Hiberi, and the Medes.2

c. 32.
To me have betaken themselves as suppliants the kings of the

 

C. 30. 1 Augustus himself had fought the Pannonians in 719, 720. Cf. Dio,
XLIX, 36—38. The campaigns of Tiberius were from 742 to 745. Cf. Vell. II, 96;
Dio, LIV, 3t, 34; LV, 2; Suet. 7223., 9.

2 This statement varies somewhat from Dio, L, 24, who says Augustus reached the
Danube in 720, and from Suetonius, Tz'b. 16, who assigns the complete subjection of
the district to 759.

3 The Dacians had become organized and strong in the latter years of the Roman

THE DEEDS OF AUGUSTUS. 73

~ (7 7 )I ~ I . 'F’ 3
II xou opza yelp: [07,000 7(02'0/10!) rrpoyrarou 00 em:-
12 rao‘e 110(wa drafldoa 7101/37 5131101715; 5’7ng aim'ozg 02(0-
13 1202': zarexémy. Kai garepou ,ueraxfléy a) 5,112» 02-poi-
I4 Tau/{1a rtépav ”1023000 rd Adzwv é’dwfflpoardlyara
15 6777100 ‘Pwyahuu (Ema/renew fivdrmaev.

C. 31.
I6 11,02): 5/13: 55 7223505; ,Bamle'wv 7r,050',85?az Hal/lain: (im-
17 ardlyaav, oudénore rrpo 1023700 xpéyou (3306153005: 7'1an
18 ‘Pcuyae’wv firs/row. § T7712 7771575300512 Sodium flame-av
19 850i flpéafi’ewv § Baardpya: xae‘ Emma: mi Sap/ra-
20 7(5)) of émrdo‘e rim-e: 1'05 Tavdtdog flora/105 mi
21 of népau (3e ,Baa'nlefg, mi ’Alfiamfiu 55 mi ’Ifip’pwv
22 xae‘ M‘y’dwy ,Baazleeq.
c. 32.
23 11,02): 5/13: Exéra: xare’gpurou flaw/id: [Idpflwy ,aév

 

republic. Cf. Justin. XXXII, 3; Jordanis, Get, XI, 67; Strabo, XVI, 2, 39; VII
3, 5 ; 11; Suet. Aug. 44. Julius Caesar was about to proceed against them when he
died. Cf. Suet. jui., 44; Aug, 8; App. B. C., II, 110; III, 25, 37; [lb/2a, I3;
Vell., II. 59; Livy, E112?” CXVII. In 719 Augustus began his Illyrican campaign by
occupying Segesta on the Save, whence he threatened the Dacians and Bastarnae. Cf.
App. Illyn, 22, 23. Antony is responsible for the statement that Augustus sought to
secure the goodwill of Cotiso, king of the Getae (Dacians), by giving him his daughter
and by himself marrying a daughter of Cotiso. Cf. Suetonius, Aug., 63. Cotiso
refused the alliance and joined the party of Antony. Cf. Dio, L, 6; L1, 22. Antony’s
story as to the proposed marriages is hardly credible, and may have been invented by
him to offset his own alliance with Cleopatra. During the struggle between Antony
and Octavian, an invasion of the Dacians was the constant dread of Italy. Cf. Vergil,
Georg, II, 497; Hor. Salt, II, 6, 53; Carm., III, 6, 13. When Antony was over-
thrown M. Crassus undertook the suppression of the Dacxans, and triumphed, July 4,
727. Cf. Dio, LI, 23; Tab. Triumph. But Dacian incursions were still frequent.
Dio records one in 738, cf. LIV, 20; and one in 744, cf. LIV, 36. Probably it was
in this latter incursion that the defeat here alluded to was met by them. Finally an
army was sent against them under Lentulus, in 759. Cf. Dio, LV, 3o; Strabo, VII,
12 and 13; Suet. Aug, 21 ; Florus, IV, 12, 19, 20; Tao. Ann, IV, 44.

C. 31. l Cf. Suet. Aug, 21; Flor. IV, 12, 62; Oros., VI, 21, 19, says that
deputies of Indians and Scythians came to Augustus at Tarracona in 728 or 729 ; Dio,
LIV, 9, that deputies from India came to him at Samos in 734. Strabo gives the name
of the Indian king as Porus. Cf. XV. 1, 4 and 73. Cf. also Ver. Georg, II, 170;

1272., VI, 794; VIII, 705; Hor. (farm, I, 12, 56; Carm. Sam, 55, 56; Carm., IV,
14» 41-

9 For a general statement, cf. Suetonius, Aug. 21. For the Scythians, cf. Note 1,

74, MONUMENTUM ANCYRANUM.

VI

I regis Phrati[s filius]; [§] Medorum [Artavasdes; Adiabeno—
rum A] rtaxa-

2 res §; Britann [0] mm Dumnobellau [nus] 6! Tim ...... '
[Sugambrorurn]

3 Maelo; § Mar [c] onianérum Sueboru [m ..... rus]. [Ad
me] rex Parthorum

4 Phrates Orod [i]s filius filiés suos nepot [esque omnes misit]
2’71 [taliam, non

5 bello superati’i [s], sed amicitiam nostram per [liberorum]
suorum pignora

6 petens. § Plfirimaeque aliae gentes exper [tae sunt p. R.]
fidem me prin—

7 cipe, quibus anteé cum populo Roman [o nullum extitera]t
legationum

8 et amicitiae [c] ommercium. §

VI, 7. extiterat, S. fucrat.

Parthians, Tiridates, and later, Phraates, the son of king Phraates;1
of the Medes, Artavasdes;2 of the Adiabeni, Artaxares ; 3 of the
Britons, Dumnobellaunus and Tim ;4 of the Sicambri, Maelo ;5
and of the Marcomanian Suevi, rus.6 Phraates, king of the
Parthians, son of Orodes, sent all his children and grandchildren into
Italy to me, not because he had been conquered in war, but rather
seeking our friendship by means of his children as pledges.7 Since I
have been princeps very many other races have made proof of the good
faith of the Roman people, who never before had had any interchange
of embassies and friendship with the Roman people.

 

above. For the Bastarnae, cf. Livy, Ep. CXXXIV; Dio, LI, 23, 24. For the Sar-
matae, cf. Flor. l. 0.; Strabo, II, 5, 30; Tac. Aura, VI, 33 ; Pliny, Iflsl. Nat., II,
108, 246; VI, 7, 19 ; VI, 5, 16 ; VI, 13, 4o. Vergil refers to them as Gelones. Cf.
Ana, VIII, 725. Cf. also Hor. Carm, II, 9 ;. III, 8, 23. For the Albani and Iberi,
cf. Dio, XLIX, 24. For the Medes, cf. c. 27 and notes.

C. 32. 1 For Phraates and Tiridates, cf. Justin, XLII, 5 ; Dio, LI, 18. Tiri-
dates had supplanted Phraates and in turn was driven out by him. He then, in 724,
came to Augustus for aid. But the latter was anxious to regain the lost standards from
Parthia, and simply played 03 Tiridates against Phraates by setting him over Syria.
Dio, in the passage cited, makes mention of a son of Phraates who was captured by
Tiridates and given up to Augustus. This was possibly the Phraates here mentioned,
though there are difficulties in the way of this explanation. For Augustus implies the
voluntary coming of a reigning king, not the delivery of an abducted prince. We

 

 

THE DEEDS OF AUGUSTUS. 75

24 I Teeperldrng x052 [rerémzz‘a (flpadnyg fiaarléwg §

XVII.

(derou [0569 M] 773 [am] 85 ’Apz'ao [udad] 77g, ’Adzafi [7y]-
Vch [’A] ,oz'a [Edpng Bpn'a] 1222ch Aoyvodkaflvog

xaé TM; ........ , 2'0] 0 [7] d/rflpwu [M] ailiaw, Mapxo-
ydnwv [Eouy'flaw] ........ poc. § [17,06]: €715 fiaatlezg
Hdpflaw (Ppa [drng ’Qpcr580JU 0??) [g U]f0bg [(10705] Ufa)-
podg 2'5 ndvrag é’n‘epcbeu 52g ’Itale'ay, 0t} 7r0}.5',uc,u

155901955; 0121162 1772) 5/2 [5] 15,000) spa/it'd» 615:6)» 5772 15'-

OO\I @m-P-CNNH

wiv évexépozg, fileflrrd 2'5 any/Ma 519;)77 7T€210al2 5/1 [a]-
,8522 8777100 ‘Pwyac'wv m’arewg 5n" 5/105 7775776120;

O

IO of: TE) mph) 0555,1150. 7717 77,08); 8%:on ‘Pwyac'wv 7r[,05] a-
II 357(7):) m2 goaliag xowwyéa.

 

 

know that in 731 Tiridates was in Rome asking that Parthia be assigned to him, and
that at the same time Phraates sent an embassy begging the restitution of his son. Cf.
Dio, LIII, 33. Augustus laid the matter before the senate, and by their advice re-
stored the prince in exchange for the standards, but did not yield to the plea of
Tiridates.

2 Cf. c. 27.

3 A people east of the Tigris, and west of Media Atropatane. Nothing is known
of Artaxares. For the Adiabeni and their kingdom, cf. Strabo, XVI, I, 19; Tac.
Ann, XII, I3 ; Josephus, Ami, XX, 2, I.

4 Augustus several times was on the point of invading Britain. Cf. Dio, XLIX,
38, for 720 ; L111, 22, 25, for 727, 728. The poets have many prophecies of victo-
ries in Britain. Cf. Ver. Georg, I, 30, written in 724 ; III, 25 ; Hor. Epoa’e, VII, 7;
(farm , I. 35, 29, of the year 727, 728 ; Carm., III, 5; I, 21, 15; III, 4, 33 ; IV,
I4, 48. But nothing came of these plans. Cf. Strabo, IV, 5, 3, for embassies from
Britain. Coins of Dumnobellaunus have been found. Cf. J. Evans, Coz'm qf t/ze
Ancient Britonr (London, 1864), p. 198, and the following plate 4, Nos. 6—12.

5 The great defeat of Lollius in 738 was by the Sicambri, joined with the Usipites
and Tencteri. Cf. Dio, LIV, 20 ; Vell., II, 97 ; Suet. Aug, 23. There was a tem-
porary peace. Cf. Horace, Carm, IV, 2. 36; I4, 51. They rebelled in 742, and
were put down, first by Drusus and later by Tiberius. Cf. Dio, LIV, 32, 33, 36. In
746 they were completely subjugated and removed into Gaul. Cf. Dio, LV, 6 ; Vell.
II, 97 ; Suet., Aug, 21 ; 7%., 9 ; Tac. Ann, II, 26; XII, 39; Strabo, VII, I, 3,
Probably the coming of Maelo was during this surrender of 746.

5 The Marcomani were a branch of the Suevi. Cf. Tac., Gama, XXXVIII;
Ann., II, 44, 62.

7 The four sons were Seraspedes, Rhodaspedes, Vonones and Phraates, with the
wives of two of them and four children. Cf. Strabo, XVI, I, 28 ; VI, 4, 2 ; Justin,
XLII, 5, II ; Vell., II, 94; Tac. Ann., II, I ; Oros., VI, 21, 29; Suet., Aug. 21,
43 ; Jos., Antig., XVIII, 2, 4. They were sent to be out of harm’s way during

76 MONUMENTUM ANCYRANUM.

c. 33.
9 A me gentés Parthorurn et Médoru [In per legatos] principes

eérum gen—

10 tium rége’s pet [i] tos'accéperunt Par [thi Vononem regis Phr] a-
tis filium,

I I régis Orédis nepotem; § Médi Ar [iobarzanem] regis Arta-
vazdis fi-

12 lium, regis Ariobarzanis nep [otem].

e. 34.
13 In consulatfi sexto et septimo, b[ella ubi civil] ia exstinxeram
14 per consénsum finiversérurn [potitus rerum ornn]ium, rem
publicam
I 5 ex meé potestate [§] in senét [us populique Romani a] rbitri-
urn transtuli.
VI, I3. bella ubi, S. postquam bella; ubi, G. cum.

0. 83.

From me the peoples of the Parthians and of the Medes have
received the kings they asked for through ambassadors, the chief men
of those peoples: the Parthians, Vonones, the son of king Phraates, and
grandson of king Orodes;1 the Medes, Ariobarzanes, the son of king
Artavasdes, and grandson of king Ariobarzanes.“

c. 34.

In my sixth and seventh consulships, when I had put an end to the
civil wars, after having obtained complete control of afi'airs by universal
consent, I transferred the commonwealth from my own dominion to the
authority of the senate and Roman people.1 In return for this favor

 

troubles in Parthia, according to all but Josephus, who says they were removed so as
not to hinder the succession of Phraataces, an illegitimate son. When Phraates died,
Phraataces in vain asked Augustus for the return of the princes. This was c. 750. Cf.
Dio, fragments, Ursin. 39. The two elder princes died in Rome. Cf. C. I. L., VI,
7799. Vonones was sent back by Augustus. Cf. c. 33, Note I ; Phraates was
returned by Tiberius in 788. Cf. Tac., Ann, VI, 3! ; Dio, LVIII, I6. Probably
the princes were sent to Augustus in 744. Cf. Mommsen, R. 0., p. 141.

C. 33. 1 The comment of Mommsen here seems too severe. He says : “ The
writer magnifies his splendors beyond what is exact: for the Parthians and Medes
asked Augustus, not so much to appoint kings for them, as to restore to them those to
whom the kingdom had fallen by hereditary right.” Such a criticism seems to over-
look the force of the word petites, as (applied to rages: they got the kings they “ asked
for.”

 

THE DEEDS 0F AUGUSTUS. 77

c. 33.
12 Hap’ 5/106 $291277 Udpfiwp ml Midwv 65d npéafiewy 7ch
I 3 nap’ wit-0?; rtpairam fiaadsk aimadpevoc é’llafi[0v]
I4 1101,0190: 02301413217712 flaaniéwg (derou U[f]612, flawlféwjg
I 5 ’Qpaidou Ufwmir Midas ’Apzofiapcdmy fia[a]déw:

I6 ’AprafidCou ufév, Baal/ism; ’Apzofiapcdy [00 Ufw]vév.

c. 34.
17 ’Eu Snareiq 3x737 mi éfidénp nerd rc‘) rob; @901)-
I8 lioug Cfléaa: ye tale/100g [flat-at rd; 513102; “((512 €-
19 #612 HOZEDJHBIJ éwcpariyg Tend/15220: fldvrwy rah
20 npaygudrwv, 5’): Ti; <5ng éEouac’ag a”; rip) 2'77; aw-
21 mby'z'ou m2 703 obj/Lou rain (Pm/rattan [remix/572a

 

Phraataces was reigning in 754. Cf. Dio, LV, Io; Vell. II, 101. He was suc-
ceeded by Orodes for a short time. Then came the choice of Vonones. Cf. Jos. Ant.
XVIII, 2, 4; Tac. Amt. II, I . Josephus gives no date. Tacitus implies 77o. Augustus,
however, returned Vonones, and the date must be much earlier, probably 0. 760. A
Parthian embassy was in Rome between 757 and 759. Cf. Suet. 72%., 16. Coins
also show the name of Vonones in 761. Cf. Gardner, Part/flan Coinage, p. 46. His
reign was very brief. Cf. Tacitus and Josephus, 11. cc.

2 Cf. c. 27.

C. 34. 1 This chapter is possibly the most weighty in the whole inscription, inas-
much as it sets forth the view of his policy which Augustus wished the world to hold.
How far his statements in the opening and closing sentences represent his own actual
notions of his relations to the sovereign power in Rome is a matter of debate. For a
full discussion Mommsen, Ram. St. II, p. 723, ff., may be read, and Gardthausen,
Aug. 1“ Th. IIer Bd., pp. 485—540 and IIer Th., pp. 277—299.

The question is: Did Augustus in any real sense restore the republic, or did he
conceive of himself as monarch, but find it politic to suppress all outward marks of
royalty P Was his chief concern to maintain the peace and prosperity of the Roman
people, with as little alteration as possible of the old constitutional forms, or was his
object the building up of power for his own sake? This is confessedly one of the
riddles of history. The best that can be done is to study his actions, estimating their
worth and tendency, and leaving the motives of the great statesman where he hid
them,—locked in his own bosom.

Undoubtedly, all through the Re: Germ, as is pointed out in the introduction,
and as has been noticed from time to time in these notes, one of his great aims is to
represent himself as a conservative, moving Within constitutional limits. Coins of the
period emphasize the view set forth in the opening sentence of this chapter with re-
gard to the restoration of the republic. Cf. Eckhel, VI, 83: imp. Cesar diw' f. cos. V1,
liberatis 15. R. vindex; “ The imperator, Caesar, son of the divine (Caesar) consul for
the sixth time, (726) rcstorer of the freedom of the Roman people.” Cf. C. I. L. VI,

78 MONUMENTUM ANCYRANUM.

16 Qué pro merito met’) senatu [s consulto Aug. appe] llatus sum
et laureis

r7 postés aedium meérum v[estiti publice coronaq] ue civica
super

18 iénuam mearn fixa est [§] [clupeusque aureu]s in [c]1’iria
Idlia posi-

19 tus, quem mihi senatum [populumque Romanu]m dare Vir-
tutis cle~ ,

20 [mentia]e iustitia [e pietatis causa testatum] est pe [r e] ius
clupei
VI, 16. Aug. S. Augustus.
VI, 17. vestiti, W. velati sunt; S. inserts sunt after vestiti.

on my part I received by decree of the senate the title Augustus,2 the
door-posts of my house were publicly decked with laurels, a civic crown
was fixed above my door,3 and in the Julian Curia was placed a golden
shield, which, by its inscription, bore witness that it was given to me by
the senate and Roman people on account of my valor, clemency, justice

 

1527 : “the whole world pacified, the republic restored.” Also, C. I. L. I, p. 384;
the date referred to is Jan. 13, 727 : “ The senate decreed that an oaken crown should
be fixed above the door of the imperator, Caesar Augustus, because he restored the
Roman republic.” Contemporary Roman writers simply echo the views of Augustus.
Cf. Ovid, flash, I, 589, for Jan. I3, 727, Velleius, II, 89, says : “ When the civil wars
were finished in the twentieth year, (724) and the foreign wars brought to a close,
peace was brought back, power restored to the laws, authority to the tribunals, ma-
jesty to the senate, the imperium of the magistrates reduced to its old time form, the
original and ancient form of the state restored.” Cf. Livy, Epit, CXXXIV. The Greek
Strabo, also a contemporary, writes, XVII, 3, 25 : “ The country committed to him the
headship of her sovereignty, and made him lord of peace; and war for life.” Later
writers, even the Romans, are equally free in their judgments. Dio, LII, I, says:
“ From this time (725) the affairs of Rome began to be in the control of one man
(,uovapxslofiat)? Cf. Suet. Aug. 28; Tac. Ann, III, 28. Dio’s account of the con-
ference in which Agrippa advises a real abdication by Augustus, and Maecenas urges a
bold assumption of supreme power (LII, 1—4.0) is regarded as fictitious.

The facts in the case are these: In 711 the Titian law gave the triumvirs a five
years’ lease of power. In 7I6 this was renewed not by formal legislation, but“ by
universal consent.” Cf. App., B. C. V, 95. This triumviral power Augustus wielded
till his sixth consulship, 726, though there was a pretence of its cessation in 721. Cf. c.
7, N, I, and Mommsen, 165m. SA, II, 698. In this and the following years he
divested himself gradually of one extraordinary power after another. He could not at
once fall back to the position of an ordinary magistrate. The armies, the laws, the
provinces, the revenues had all been in his control. These he must gradually restore.
Cf. Dio, LII, I 3; L111, 4, 9, 10. In 726 he began his return to older customs by

 

THE DEEDS OF AUGUSTUS. 79

22 zupny’au. 35 *7}: airz'ag 567710527 aunzfin’rou 2' 8130.076;

2 3 7r,000[7770‘05]dz9‘722 mi ddgpng dnyoaiq ra‘. 7506m—

24 AW you éore’gpflh, (3’ re (3,06sz: arégpayog o dzdépsvog
XVIII.

I e’7r2 awry‘pz'a 2-ch 7:02am» (Snepdbflw 2'05 fluid-

2 § 57r[/l]022 re 7(sz—

‘ 3 0051) 5’22 796 ,90[U]Zeor77pégu uarefllZéy 67rd re ”:77;
4

UUVXXT/I’Z'OU xac‘ TOD Maw) 2132) (1)04;an [my

~ 3 ~ 7. r a I _
1J0: Tr: slay: omag (12252-5197,
02

5 dad 2'77; e’n‘moagm]; dperiyp zai e’n‘ez’xezav xa[2 (3]:xazoau'mu

 

alternating with Agrippa, his colleague, in the consulship, in having the fasces borne
before him by the lictors for a month. Cf. Dio, LIII, I. The restoration of the censor-
ship was part of the same programme. Dio, LIII, 2,says that by an edict he declared
all the revolutionary and extraordinary acts of the triumviral period should cease to be
effective with the expiration of his sixth consulship (726). The inscription of Jan.

I3, 727, above alluded to, C. I. L. I, p. 384, marks that date as that on which the busi-
ness of restoring the provinces was finally given over to the senate.

From this time on the senate divided the control of the provinces with him.
Augustus took the troublesome provinces and the frontier ones, leaving to the senate
the older and more peaceable. Over these provinces he received a proconsular
imperium for ten years, which was renewed at the expiration of that term. In
c. 7 he says that he found the tribunitial power a sufficient basis for all the measures
which he wished to put through. Now the proconsulship and tribuneship were
both ordinary and constitutional offices. Augustus’ occupancy of each affords an
illustration of the way in which he held ordinary offices in an extraordinary way. For
by the old customs a proconsul must exercise his z'mperz'um in his province, and never
at Rome. Augustus could not be in ten provinces at once, and must be at Rome most
of the time. Hence a violation of the constitution was necessary. The tribuneship,
instituted for the protection of plebeians could be held only by a plebeian. But Augustus
was a patrician. For this reason he did not take the tribuneship in the ordinary way,
nor by the ordinary title, but designated himself as triéum'cz'tz potertale, “ of tribunitial
authority.”

The title princepr, “prince” is never used by Augustus as an oflicial designation
in laws and inscriptions, but indicates simply his primacy of rank and is so used through—
out the R35 Game. Cf. cc. I 3, 3o, 32.

2 Cf. C. I. L. i, p. 384; X, 8375; Livy, 1515., I34; Cass. ad. an. 727; Oros.
VI, 20, 8; Vell. II, 91; Suet. Aug. 7; Dio, LIII, I6.

3 Cf. coins in Eckhe], VI, 88 ; Cohen, Aug. nos. 43-48, 50, 207—2I2, 301, 341,
356, 385, 426, 476—8, 482. All these show either the crown or the laurels and many
of them have both. With the crown is generally 05 civir servaz‘or, “ for preserving the
citizens.” The civic crown being the reward of any soldier who saved a citizen’s
life, Augustus was pre-eminently deemed worthy of it, because he had saved so many
by putting an end to the civil wars, and by his clemency. Cf. Dio, LIII, I6; Suet.
Claud. 17; Sen. De Clem. I, 26, 5; Ovid, Tr. III, I, 39, 4t, 47; Fastz' IV, 953;

80 MONUMENTUM AHCYRANUM.

21 [inscription] em. § Post id tem [pus praestiti omnibus dignis
tate potes~

22 t] atis au [tem n]ihilo ampliu [s habui quam qui fuerunt m]ihi.
quo-

2 3 que in ma [gis] tra [t] u conlegae.

c. 35.
24 Tertium dec [i] mum consulatu [n1 cum gerebam, senatus et,

equ] ester ordo
25 populusq [ue] Roménus finiversus [appellavit me patrem

p] atriae idque

26 in vestibu[1o a] edium meérum inscriben [dum esse et in curia.
e]t in foré Aug.

27 sub quadrig [i]s, quae mihi [ex] s. c. pos [itae sunt, decrevit.

Cum scri] psi haec,
28 annum agebam septuagensu [mum sextum].

C. I.

29 Summa pecun [i] ae, quam ded [it in aerarium vel plebei Roma--
nae vel di]1nis~
VI, 22. quam, G. iis.
and piety.4 After that time I excelled all others in dignity, but of‘
power I held no more than those also held who were my colleagues in
any magistracy?
c. 85.

While I was consul for the thirteenth time the senate and the
equestrian order and the entire Roman people gave me the title Of‘
father of the fatherland, and decreed that it should be inscribed upon
the vestibule of my house and in the Curia, and in the Augustan
Forum beneath the quadriga which had been, by decree of the senate,
set up in my honor.1 When I wrote these words I was in my seventy--
sixth year.2

SUPPLEMENT.

c. 1.
The sum of the money which he gave in to the treasury or to thee

 

III, I37; Val. Max. II, 8, 7; Juv. VI, 52, 79; X, 65; XII, 91; Tac. Ann. XV, 7r.
4 No ancient writer mentions this shield, but a number of coins and inscriptions
portray it. Cf. C. I. L. IX, 58”, wherein two Victories carry a shield inscribed ;

 

THE DEEDS 0F AUGUSTUS. 81
6 mi edaéfiezau £7102 yaprupei § ’AE:c&p[a] 2': [§] mint-w»
day/harm, [§] e’EouaZag 39: obdéy It #15702) 501022
2'ch auvapfdwwv #0:.

OO\I

c. 3 5.
I f I )I V ’7 7
9 Tpmxazdexar‘qv (mat-emu carom-0g you 7} re 0022-

Io Myra; mi 2'?) 57mm?» TdT/JO. (3' re comm; ditto; rail»
II tPwluou'anz fipoa‘qrépeuas’ #5 flafépa narpc’dog mi 70570
12 ém‘ 705 zpomllou rig oim’ag you mi 5’12 79:) Boo/isom-
13 pig) mi 522 rfi drop? rfi Zefiaarfi (3m) 7913 dipped-z, 5 ,ao:
I4 567/1012": awx/by’rou dusréfly, snag/10015051201: e’gbmpz’o'a-
I 5 2'0. [§] ”02's 57100190022 rafira, 63/022 570; éfldoyyxoarov
I6 Ext-Op.

 

I7 Euwtegpalalwmg [§] fipzfl/rr/péyou xpiy’yarog 53; a) ae’pd-

 

“ The senate and Roman people have given to Augustus a shield on account of his
valor, clemency, justice and piety; " the very words of the Res Germ. For coins,
cf. Eckhel, VI, 95, 103, 121 ; Cohen, Aug. nos. 50-53, 2I3—2r6, 253, 264—267, 283,
286—297, 332. The Victory, which is frequently associated with the shield, probably

indicates that the latter was placed by Augustus near the altar of Victory erected by
him in the Curia Julia.

5 Cf. Note I.

C. 35. 1 This title was given Feb. 5, 752. Cf. C. I. L. I, p.386; II, No. 2107.
As in the case of the title, prince of the youth, conferred upon Gaius and Lucius, and
of the continuance of his supreme power by universal consent (cf. cc. I4 and 34),
the appellation, father of the fatherland, was given by general acclamation, leaving to
the senate only the formal ratification of the popular will. Suet. Aug. 58, expressly
states this. Cf. also Ovid, Fastz', II, 128.

The Augustan Forum was dedicated this same year, 752. Cf. c. 21, Note. In
all probability the quadriga had been in existence some time before this, inasmuch as
it appears on a coin of uncertain date with the inscription: “ the senate and Roman
people to Caesar Augustus, parent and preserver.” If the quadriga had been made at
the time this inscription was ordered, the coin would surely have borne the formal title,
“father of the fatherland,” not the designation, “parent.” Cf. Eckhel, VI, 113.

2The seventy-sixth year of Augustus began Sept. 23, 766. Chapter 8 mentions
his third census, which was completed one hundred days before his death, hence May
II, 767. The Rec Gem: must have been written, then, in the interval between this

date and his start for Campania, on his last journey, as we know he left this document
in the hands of the Vestal Virgins. Cf. Suet. Aug. 97.

SUPPLEMENT.

For a discussion of this supplement, see the Introduction.
6

 

82 MONUMENTUM ANCYRANUM.

3o sis militibus : denarium se [Xi]e [n5 milliens] .

C. 2.

31 Opera fecit nova § aedern Martis, [Iovis tonantis et feretri,
Apollinis],

3,2 divi Ir’ili, § Quirini, § Minervae, [Iunonis reginae, Iovis
Libertatis] ,

33 Larum, deum Penétium, [§] Iuv [entatis, Matris deurn,
Lupercal, pulvina]r

34 ad circum, [§] cfiriam cum ch [alcidico, forum Augustum,
basilica] I11

35 Iuliani, theatrum Marcelli, [§] [p] or[ticus .......... ,
nemus trans T] iberim

36 Caesarum. §

c. 3.
37 Refécit Capito [liurn sacra] sque aedes [nu]rn[ero octoginta]

duas, thea [t] rum Pom-
38 pei, aqu [arum rivos, vi] am Flamin [iam].

c. 4.

39 I’mpensa p ....... [in spect] acul [a scaenica et munera]
gladiatorum at-

40 [que athletas et venationes et naum] ach [iam] et donata pe-
[c] unia a (?)

41 .
[ter] rae motu § incendioque consum-

Roman people, or to discharged soldiers, was six hundred million
denarii.l
c. 2.

He constructed new works as follows: the temples of Mars, of
Jupiter the Thunderer and the Vanquisher, of Apollo, of the divine
Julius, of Quirinus, of Minerva, of Juno Regina, of Jupiter Libertas,
of the Lares, of the divine Penates, of Youth, and of the Mother of
the gods, the Lupercal, the Pulvinar in the Circus, the Curia with the
Chalcidicum, the Augustan Forum, the Basilica Julia, the Theatre of
Marcellus, the Portico on the Palatine, the Portico in the Flaminian
Circus, the grove of the Caesars beyond the Tiber.1

THE DEEDS 0F AUGUSTUS. 83

I8 prov 97' 52; Top 85pm) 1022 ‘PwDaac'J aw 3} 53: rob; o’mols-
19 lupéuoug arpanairag [§]: $5 pupzddsg puptddwu. §

y V i r < 7 3 N t \ j] \
20 15,070: xawa ég’epero U7? aurou mo: ,ueu Apewg, A50:
21 [9100121770100 m? rporrazogoopou, Hat/0;, ’Arréit/iw-

22 mg, [§] 29505 ’Ioulc'ou, K010551200, [§] ’t4[z97;]vdg, [§] ”Hpac

{Maria'—

23 30;, WA“); ’E/ieuzyepz'ou, [§] rjpdfiuv, 2956p 7r]arpc'wv, [§],
Ne-

24 (Hm-0g, [§] Mmpbg 05th, [§] fi[ou/leur77'p:0u] ab» xalxz-
XIX.

80:95, [§] 01701051 Eeflaarfj [§], fléarpov Mapxéllou, [§] fi[a] a:-
200‘7 ’Ioulc'a, [§] (1200: Kazadpam, [§] 02'an é[v] [Ia/lagfi] 9”:
0700‘: 52.2 fnxodpéyclu (Maywigu. § ’Eneazeudat?[77 a) [fa]—
mz‘ailm», [§] 120102 (3780773101270: 5230, [§]z9é[az‘] 100'; [Hop]-
myc'ou, [§] 060; @Zalum'a, [§] drwroe‘ (Badman. [Alan] dyac 8e
52; flea: xaé ,uowydxoug mi (id/lard; m2 110(0le—

mom—hmmH

xiay xaz‘ flp‘oopaxc’ay (impact! [TS] dnozxiazg 7ré/Ieaw

c. 3.

He restored the Capitol, and sacred structures to the number of
eighty-two, the Theatre of Pompey, the aqueducts, the Flaminian
Way.1

c. 4.

His expenses for theatrical representations, for gladiatorial and
athletic exhibitions, for chases and the naval combat,1 also for gifts in
money to the colonies and cities of Italy,2 to provincial cities suffering

 

C. I. 1 Equivalent to 2,400,000,000 sesterces, about $120,000,000. This does
not exactly correspond with the sum of the items mentioned in the Res Get/e. These
sum up 2,199,800,000 sesterces.

C. 2. 1A mere summary of c. 19, with a bit from c. 20, the only principle of
arrangement being to put temples first, and the rest haphazard. The difference in the
Greek and Latin is curious. No attempt is made to reproduce pulm'nar in Greek,
although in c. 19 it had been rendered vaév.

C. 3. 1 A summary of c. 20.

C. 4. 1A summary of cc. 22, 23.

2 For aid given to Naples, cf. Dio, LV, 10; to Venafrum, in Campania, C. I. L.
X, 4842.

.
I

i:
Pit-wtmruryynaamm rm, . -/. , .2

84 MONUMENTUM ANCYRANUM.

42 pt [is] a [ut Viritirn] a [micis senat] oribusque, quorum census
explévit,
43 in [n] urnera[bi1i]s. §

from earthquake or conflagrations,3 and to individual friends and to
senators, whose property he raised to the standard,4 were innumerable.

 

3 For aid to Paphos, cf. Dio, LIV, 23 ; to a number of towns in Asia, Dio, LIV,
30; to Laodicea and Trailes, Strabo, XII, 8, 18; to Thyatira and Chios, Suet. TM. 8.
‘Cf. Suet. Aug. 4!. The estate necessary to qualify a senator he raised from
800,000 sesterces to 1,200,000, and where senators were worthy, though poor, he made
up their fortunes to that sum. Cf. Dio, L1, 17; LII, 19; L111, 2; LIV, 17; LV,

I3; LVI, 41.

THE DEEDS OF AUGUSTUS.

e» ’Iz‘ali'q, 1115/1800) 3» énapxee’wc [§] dew/196 xa[i] éww—
pea/440?; fienoyyxm'azg 97' xaz" (1226,00: 50520:: mi aw-
x/Iyz'exofc, (522 rd; against; npoaeEevr/ly’pwasu: d-

n'eepov 71/177190;

 

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE.

(Roman numerals refer to c/tapz‘crs.)

A. U. C.

706.
710.

711.

712.
714.

716.

718.

721.
722.

723.

724.

725.

726.

727-

729-

730-
73L

Made pontz'fex, VI.

Raises army at his own cost, I; gives to each citizen 300 sesterces, according
to will of Julius Cmsar, XV.

Enters senate, receives consular rank, and the z'mperz'um, becomes propmetor,
z'mperator, consul, I; triumvir, I and VII; exiles murderers of Julius
Caesar, II.

War of Philippi, II ; builds the curia, XIX, app. II.

Imperator second and third times; ovation, IV.

Recovers Sardinia, XXVII.

The Sicilian war, III and XIX ; fourth time imperator, IV ; punishes revolted
slaves, XXV; recovers Sicily, XXVII ; ovation, IV; receives tribunitial
power, X, cf. VI; builds temple of Apollo on the Palatine, XIX, app. II.

Fifth time z'mperator? IV ; recovers standards from Dalmatians, XXIX.

Becomes leader against Antony, XXV.

Victory of Actium ; clemency as victor, III; sixth time imperaz‘or, IV.

Fourth consulship; veterans colonized, XVI; provinces east of the Adriatic,
and Cyrenae recovered ; Egypt annexed, XXVII; Artavasdes the Mede and
Tiridates the Parthian flee to Augustus, XXXII ; ornaments replaced in
temples of Asia, XXIV.

Fifth consulship, VIII, XV, XXI; seventh time imperator; triple triumph,
IV; declines coronary gold, XXI; gives to {20,000 colonized soldiers 1,000
sesterces apiece ; gives the people 400 sesterces each, XV ; gives gladiatorial
show, XXII; consecrates gifts in various temples, XXI; closes temple of
Janus, XIII; name placed in Salian hymn, X; increases number of
patricians, VIII.

Sixth consulship, VIII, XX, XXXIV. Takes census ; revises list of senators,
VIII; made prz‘ncqfis senatus, VII; restores city temples, XX, app. III;
gives money to the treasury, XVII; gives gladiatorial and athletic shows,
XXII; games vowed and celebrated for health of Augustus, IX; restores
the commonwealth to the senate and people, XXXIV.

Seventh consulship, XX, XXXIV. Continuation of transfer of power to senate
and people ; is called Augustus; door-posts decked with laurel; civic crown
and golden shield accorded, XXXIV; repairs Flaminian Way, XX, app
III ; melts down silver statues for offerings, XXIV.

Eighth time z'mperalor; refuses triumph, IV; closes temple of Janus the
second time, XIII; Arabian expedition, XXVI.

Tenth consulship; gives the people 400 sesterces each.

Eleventh consulship ; twelve times supplies food for citizens, XV, cf. V;
Ethiopian expedition, XXVI.

(86)

/"""'§

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 87

A. U. C.

732. Consulship of Marcus Marcellus and Lucius Arruntius; refuses annual and
perpetual consulship; also the dictatorship; accepts the administration of
grain supply, V; dedicates temple of Jupiter Tonans, XIX.

733. Refuses consulship? V.

734. Receives embassy from India, XXXI ; ninth time z'mperator .9 refuses a triumph,
IV; recovers standards {from Parthia, _XXIX; gives Armenia Major to
Tigranes, XXVII.

735. Quintus Lucretius and Marcus Vinucius consuls; altar of Fortuna Redux
consecrated; Augustalia established, XI; deputation of leading men meet
Augustus in Campania, XII; declines the custody of laws and morals, VI.

736. Cnaeus and Publius Lentulus consuls, VI, XVIII; remits tribute, XVIII;
again declines custody of laws and morals ; associates Agrippa in tribunitial
power, VI.

737. Gaius F urnius and Gaius Silanus consuls; secular games, XXII.

738. Augustus supplies money to the treasury, XVII; gives gladiatorial show,

. XXII; dedicates temple of Quirinus, XIX, app. II.

739. Tenth time z'mperalor, IV.

740. Marcus Crassus and Cnaeus Lentulus consuls; pays provincials for lands taken
for veterans.

741. Tiberius Nero and Publius Quintilius consuls, XII; deposits laurel in the
Capitol, IV; altar of the Augustan Peace dedicated, XII ; again associates
Agrippa in tribunitial power, VI.

742. Gaius Sulpicius and Gaius Valgius consuls, X; twelfth year of tribunitial
power, XV; eleventh time imperaz’or, IV; made pontz'fex maxz‘mur, X;
gives gladiatorial show, XXII ; gives the people 400 sesterces each, XV.

743. Paullus Fabius Maximus and Quintus Tubero consuls, VI; twelfth time
imperator, IV ; for the third time refuses the custody of laws and morals,
VI; dedicates theater of Marcellus, XXI, app. II.

745. Thirteenth time imperaz‘or; deposits the laurel in temple of Jupiter F eretrius,
IV; Tiberius Nero subdues the Pannonians, XXX.

746. Gaius Censorinus and Gaius Asinius consuls; second census taken; list of
senate revised, VIII; children of Phraates sent to Rome ; Maelo, King of
the Sicambri, surrenders himself, XXXII; fourteenth time imperator;
refuses a triumph, IV.

7.1.7. Tiberius Nero and Cnaeus Piso consuls ; veterans discharged, with gratuities;
XVI; 'Alpine peoples added to the empire, XXVI; gives gladiatorial show,
XXII. '

748. Gaius Antistius and Decimus Laelius consuls; veterans discharged, with gratui-
ties, XVI; associates Tiberius in tribunitial power, VI.

749. Eighteenth year of tribunitial power; twelfth consulship ; gives sixty denarii each
to 320,000 citizens; Gaius Caesar consul designate, made prince of the
youth, received into senate, XIV; aqueducts repaired, XX, app. III.

750. Gaius Calvisius and Lucius Passienus consuls ; veterans discharged, with gratui-
ties, XVI.

751 Lucius Lentulus and Marcus Messala consuls; veterans discharged, with gratui-
ties, XVI.

88

A. U. C.
752.

755-

757~

759

762.
766.

767-

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE.

Thirteenth consulship, XV, XXII, XXXV; Lucius Caninius and Quintus
Fabricius consuls ; veterans discharged, with gratuities, XVI ; gives the
citizens sixty denarii each, XV; Lucius Caesar consul designate, prince of the
youth, and admitted to senate, XIV; dedicates temple of Mars Ultor, XXI,
app. II ; martial games instituted, XXII; naval contest exhibited, XXIII;
title palerpatrz’ae conferred, XXXV.

Lucius Caesar dies, XIV, cf. XX; fifteenth time z'mpemtor, IV; Armenia sub-
dued by Gaius Caesar and given to Ariobarzanes, XXVII.

Gaius Caesar dies, XIV, cf. XX ; again associates Tiberius in tribunitial
power, VI.

Fleet penetrates to limits of the Cimbri; the Cimbri, Charudes and Semnones
send ambassadors, XXVI; King Vonones given to the Parthians, XXXIII.

Marcus Lepidus and Lucius Arruntius consuls, XVII; seventeenth time
imperator, IV ; Dacians subdued, XXX ; gives gladiatorial show, XXII;
military treasury established, XVII.

Nineteenth time z'mpemtor, IV.

Associates Tiberius the third time in tribunitial power, VI.

Sextus Pompeius and Sextus Appuleius consuls, VIII; thirty-seventh year of
tribunitial power, IV; seventy-sixth year of Augustus, XXXV; third census
taken; list of senate revised, VIII.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Abbreviations as used in the Notes are put in parentheses.

I. EDITIONS.

Mommsen, Theodor : Res Gestae Divi Augusti ex Monumentis Ancyrano
et Apolloniensi. pp. LXXXXVH, 223. With eleven photogravure plates.
Berlin, 1883. (R. G.)

This work is so exhaustive and so full that it puts all preceding editions and
discussions out of date. Hence this bibliography enumerates only such editions and
discussions as have appeared since 1883.

C. Peltier and R. Cagnat: Res Gestae Divi Augusti, d’apres 1a derniere
recension de Th. Mommsen, Paris, 1886.

II. DISCUSSIONS OF THE MONUMENTUM.

Bormann, Ernest: Bemerkungen zum Schriftliche Nachlasse des Kaisers
Augustus. Marburg, 1884. Universitats Einladung. pp. 1—46.

Bormann, Ernest : Verhandlungen der dreiundvierzigsten Versammlung
Deutschen Philologen in K6111, 1895. pp. 180—191. Leipzig, 1896.

Geppert, Paul : Zum Monumentum Ancyranum. Gymnasiums Programm.
pp. 1—18. Berlin, 1887.

Hirschfeld, Otto: Wiener Studien, 1885. pp. 170—174.

Mommsen, Theodor: Historische Zeitschrift, Neue Folge, XXI. pp.
385-397-
Nissen, H. : Rheinisches Museum, XLI. 1886. pp. 481—499.

Plew, 1.: Quellenuntersuchungen zur Geschichte des Kaisers Hadrian,
nebst einem Anhang fiber das Monumentum Ancyranum. Strassburg,

1890. pp. 98—121.

Schiller, H. : Bursians Jahresbericht, XLIV, 85—86.

Schmidt,]ohannes‘,: Philologus, XLIV, 1885. pp. 442—470; XLV, 1886. pp.
393—410;XLVI, 1887. pp. 70—86.

Seeck, Otto: Wochenschrift fiir Klassische Philologie, 19 Nov., 1884. Col.
1473—1481.
v. Wilamowitz Ulrich: Hermes, XXI, 1886. pp. 623—627.

wolfflin, E.: Sitzungsberichte der philosophisch-philologischen und
historischen Klasse der Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Miinchen,
1886. pp. 253—282.

(89)

90 BIBLIOGRAPHY.

III. WORKS OF REFERENCE MOST FREQUENTLY CITED.

Gardthausen, V.: Augustus und seine Zeit. Ier Th., Ier Bd., pp. VIII,484;
2er Th., Ier H1b., pp. 276. Leipzig, I891. Ier Th., 2er Bd., pp. 485—1032;
2er Th., 2er H1b., pp. 277—649. 1896.
Not yet completed; the standard work on the subject. Second part contains the
references. (Aug)

Marquardt, Joachim : Romische Staatsverwaltung.
Mommsen, Theodor : Romische Geschichte. (Ram. Gert/z.)

Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum. (C. I. L.)

IV. CLASSICAL AUTHORS CITED.

Ammianus Marcellinus (Amm.) : Rerum Geslarum Liérz’.

Appianus (Appian) : Bel/a Cz'm'lz'a (B. C.); [Zlyrica (Illyr)

Caesar, Gaius Julius (Cass) : De Bella Gallico (B. G.) ; De Bel/o Civilz' (B. C.).
Cassiodorus (Cass) : C/zrom'can (Caron).

Cicero, Marcus Tullius (Cic.): Epz'sz‘olae, aa’ Attz’mm (aa’ Am); pro Scxz‘z'o
(pro Sexz’.) ,' P/zilzppica (ID/£17.).

Dio Cassius Cocceianus (Dio) ; Historia Romana.

Dionysius: Archaalogia Romana.

Eusebius: Chronicon (Caron)

Eutropius: Breviarz'um Hislorz'a' Romana'.

Festus, Sextus Pompeius: De Verborum Sigmfimtz’one.

Florus, Lucius Annaeus ( Flor.): Epitome Rerum Romanamm.

Frontinus, Sextus Julius (Front): De quuza’mtz'aus Urais Roma Lz'am' [1
(De Ag. ).

Gellius, Aulus (Ge11.): Commentariz‘ Norz’z'um Attz'mrum.

Horatius Flaccus, Quintus (Hor.): Carmina (Carm.) ; Satire (501.) ;
Carmen Sremlare (Carm. Sac.) ; Epz'stolte (E11) ; Epoa’on (Epoa’.).

Hyginus, Gromaticus: De Lz'mz'z‘um Constructione (De Lira).

Jordanes: De Gelarum Origine at Ream Gestis.

Josephus Flavius (Jos.): jewz'slz Wars (Wars) ; jazz/i512 Antiquities (Ant).
Justinus (Justin): Historiarum P/zilz'ppz'carum Lz'brz' XL] V.

Juvenal, Decimus Junius (Juv.): Satire (Sat).

Livius, Titus (Livy): Annales; Epiloma' (Ep).

Macrobius, Ambrosius Aurelius Theodosius (Mac.): Saiurnalz’orum Con—
w'm’orum Libri VII (Sat).

Nepos, Cornelius (Nep.): De Viris Illustribus.
Orosius, Paulus (Oros.): Hislorz'arum aa’z/errus Paganos (aa’v. Fag)

Ovidius Naso, Publius (Ovid): Meiamorp/zoses (Met); Fasti; Trivia (Tr.),'
Ar: Amaloria (Ars Am.”

. raw-v.7 ~

BIBLIOGRAPHY. 91

Plinius Secundus, Gaius (Pliny): Historia Naz‘uralz's (Hist. Nazi),- Mora/222.
De Farlumz Romanorum (De Fort. 160772.).

Plutarchus (Plut.): Vim Antomi' (Anl.),- Vila Bruz‘i (Brut).
Propertius, Sextus Aurelius (Prop. ): Ezfgilz.
Ptolemaeus, Claudius (Ptol.): Geographia.

Seneca, Lucius Annaeus (Sen): De Clemem'z'a (m’ [Veronem Cesarem Lz'érz' 1]
(DE Clem).

Strabo : Geograp/zia.

Suetonius, Tranquillus Gaius (Suet.): Vitae Duodrcz'm Cmarum; ju/z'z' (fuZ.) ;
Augustz' (Aug) ,' Tiberiz' (7119.) ; Claztdz'z' (Claud).

Tacitus, Gaius Cornelius (Tac.): sttorz'ze (Hist); Annales (Ann); Germanizz
(Gen); Agricola (Agn).

Valerius Maximus (Val): De Faztz’s Dictisque Memoraéz'lz'fius Lz'érz' IX.

Varro, Marcus Terentius: De Lingua Latina.

Velleius Paterculus, Gaius (Vell.): Hz’sz‘orz'w Romame .Lz'érz' l].

Vergilius Maro, Publius (Ven); Enez’d (IE/l.) ,- Georgim, (Georg).

Victor, Sextus Aurelius (Vict.): Hz’sz‘orz'a Romana.

Zonaras, Joannes: Anna/es.

O
g... a... o ..o,“‘. o "4" 1 ’4‘ 144
o c an o o- a. .- , 4 J a.
c ..)on a .o‘o..‘ o. ..’ .4 ’ ‘Aa:
. o to 1 co "oa Coil'l ' J l v
o o .06. sac—co“. .- o— v 4 I 1
~ 0
. ,‘ x , .s a l ‘
g... ocoo - . ‘1 N cooa‘. ‘ . A4 ; ea‘ JJJ
O a at t .".“ 7 he a .' 1 a a ’ a a.
u on... ~ ’4‘». .0 'll 0. 3‘ s 4; 4 a;
5 O 04 fl 0" .0 ‘ u. u m n ‘ a 1 ; ‘ '4
' o onus I! a 1‘ 4 c .0!- o v 0‘ 2 a J 1‘ u
I.
I C I. 9‘ O . .J C O) J J A
‘ c c C a. , v 4
do . ..a.“~. mg. '14“ , a, 2;
a co 0.0..3 o. .0 u «a»: ‘ ; J, .a 1
0 o o":- ‘o. F o vflcgda ’41,;
o a... to n c' c on... «- ¢¢1 a

 

 

 

      
        

University of Pennsylvania Library
Circulation Department

Please return this book as soon as you have
finished with it. In order to avoid a fine it must
be returned by the latest date stamped below.

“,th

(Form L-9) W M-7l9

\\|\\||\\\|\\\\l\\\|\|‘|\|\‘l\\\l|\$|W||W||\|\l\\\\\lll\|\$|$|\\\||\‘\\||\ V

N/ll‘iEx/UEDUS/?SSEX

 

   

   

 

K ‘  lHllll1Wllllllllflfllllllll!IlllllflllllHlWNWl|||l||||l|||l|lW||| '   '

~*‘t%<¥f“5ifjga N/llfiB/DEUDS/7555X :ff  " 1