Distinctive Homes IF YOU plan a home in which is moulded your personality-־־which is distinctive and original in its conception ־־־and which will be lasting in its charm and appeal, consult our specialists in this department. Many years of successful specialization in the creation of such homes has gained for this organization the recognized leadership in the architectural and building world of Los Angeles and vicinity. The Frank Meline Co Inc KOERNER and GAGE Associates in the i Architectural and Building Department Main Office 3rd Floor Sun Bldg. Los Angeles Telephone 876-451 P. «S'.—Consult Our Insurance Department1 THE ARTS & CRAFTS HOMEBUILDER’S HANDBOOK DESIGNED AND PUBLISHED TO FURNISH PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS AND HELPFUL INFORMATION TO THOSE INTERESTED IN BUILDING NEW HOMES OR IMPROVING OLD ONES. COPYRIGHT 1923 ARTS & CRAFTS PUBLISHING CO. ROOM 324 315 SOUTH BROADWAY LOS ANGELES, CALIF.The SUPERBO Automatic Storage WATER HEATER with dual safety control —insures safety in water heating. If the pilot light is extinguished the gas on the main burner is automatically cut off, thus eliminating the loss of gas. If the temperature should reach 180° the gas is automatically shut off, preventing any danger of overheating and causing steam to back up in the plumbing fixtures, with the possibility of damage to same. Past, records of the service it has rendered in the various classes of buildings where it has been used, and its recommendation by the leading architects, builders and plumbers is an assurance of its practicability for your use. If you are having inadequate hot water service, why not modernize the home by installing a Superbo, which can readily be done without altering your present vent condition, gas or water supply. SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA DISTRIBUTORS Superbo Heater Sales Co. 600 Metropolitan Building. Los Angeles, Calif. 870-531 Page Two 1CONTENTS "BEFORE WE BUILD".....................................................17 Building Ordinance Pointers...........................................50 “Building for Protection from Water, Weather and Fire"...............62 Care of the Piano.....................................................29 “Does It Pay to Rent?”..............................................124 Electrical Refrigeration for the Home................................24 Electricity—the Servant in the Home...................................15 Evolution of the Water Heater........................................35 Financing...........................................................123 Furnishing the Home..................................................36 Furniture Inventory.................................................128 Heating and Ventilation..............................................23 Helpful Suggestions for Painting.....................................59 HOME—An Editorial.....................................................13 Homes of Brick.......................................................71 Home Sanitation and Hygiene...........................................25 HOUSE PLANS..................................................73 to 121 How to Prevent Cupping of Oak Floors..................................33 How to Figure Lumber..................................................67 Index to Helpful Information Offered by Advertisers.............5 to 11 Lien Law Suggestions..................................................57 Music in the Home.....................................................29 PLANNING THE ROOMS OF THE HOME— The Living Room..........................................37 and 39 The Dining Room..................................................40 The Bedrooms.....................................................41 The Entrance Hallway.............................................43 The Modern Kitchen...............................................45 The Bath Room....................................................46 The Breakfast Nook.............................................. 47 The Kitchen Porch................................................48 PLANS OF HOMES...............................................73 to 121 Planting Schedule...................................................125 Painting Suggestions.................................................61 Selecting the Right Materials........................................63 Sunlight Chart . . . . 49 Tax Record..........................................................127 Use of Cement........................................................69 Use of Color in the Home.............................................27 Use of Gas in the Home...............................................19 Useful Building Information..........................................68 Page ThreePERMANENT, FIREPROOF, EARTHQUAKEPROOF, SOUNDPROOF ! WHAT MORE TO BE DESIRED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF YOUR NEW HOME? Mortarless Concrete Unit Homes are: Beautiful Soundproof Cool in summer Durable Economical Dry Permanent Earthquakeproof Worth more Fireproof Warm in winter A home to be proud of Such a home is a good investment because: The first cost is comparatively small. The cost of upkeep is the minimum. Insurance will cost less. You can borrow more on it. It will sell for more. All risks are practically eliminated. MORTARLESS CONCRETE UNITS. Practical and Adaptable for the Construction of GARDEN WALLS, GARAGES and INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS. For Complete Information, Prices, etc., see MORTARLESS CONCRETE UNIT COMPANY J. H. MUMBOWER and LeROY BALAAM 735 No. Western Ave. Phone 438-346 FourIndex to Helpful Information Offered by Advertisers ARCHITECTS The Frank Meline Company.................Inside Front Cover AUTOMATIC WATER HEATERS Federal Water Heater Company, Inc................... 34 AUTOMATIC STORAGE WATER HEATERS Superbo Heater Sales Company........................ 2 AWNINGS Swanfeldt Tent and Awning Company................... 76 BLINDS AND SHADES Swem, The Shade Man................................. 74 BLINDS, DOORS, SASH AND WINDOWS California Door Company............................. 10 BREAKFAST NOOKS AND IRONING BOARDS Herzog Sash and Door Company........................ 32 Crown Sash, Door and Mill Company................... 42 BRICK DEALERS California Common Brick Mfgrs. Assn................. 70 BUILDING CONTRACTORS Cornelius & Blaisdell............................... 72 BUILDING MATERIALS California Common Brick Mfgrs. Assn................. 70 Hammond Lumber Company...................Outside Back Cover Hoff Magnesite Company.............................. 78 BUILDERS The Frank Meline Company.................Inside Front Cover BUILT-IN FIXTURES Crown Sash, Door and Mill Company................... 42 CAMP EQUIPMENT Swanfeldt Tent and Awning Company................... 76 CANVAS GOODS Swanfeldt Tent and Awning Company................... 76 CARPETS AND RUGS Van Fleet-Freerar, Inc.............................. 30 COMPOSITION FLOORING Hoff Magnesite Company.............................. 78 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION Mortarless Concrete Unit Company..................... 4 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS California Common Brick Mfgrs. Assn................. 70 CONTRACTORS The Frank Meline Company.................Inside Front Cover CONTRACTORS AND BUILDERS Cornelius & Blaisdell............................... 72 CORK TILE FLOORS Van Fleet-Freerar, Inc.............................. 30 Page FiveARTS & CRAFTS PUBLISHING COMPANY TJRINTING 1 UBLISHING ADVERTISING OFFICES ROOM 324 315 SOUTH BROADWAY LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA R. A. Kinney, Mgr. Telephone Broadway 1517 P. S. PACKARD, President CHAS. L. KESSLER, Secretary Page SixIndex to Helpful Information---Continued CURTAIN RODS (BRASS) Swem, The Shade Man................................ 74 DOORS AND SASH Crown Sash, Door and Mill Company.................. 42 Herzog Sash and Door Company....................... 32 DOORS, SASH, WINDOWS California Door Company............................ 10 DELCO-LIGHT WASHING MACHINES Ivan dejongh............................Inside Back Cover DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS Cornelius & Blaisdell.............................. 72 ELECTRIC WASHING MACHINES Ivan dejongh............................Inside Back Cover ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES West 6th Electric Company.......................... 20 ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS L. A. Duncan....................................... 14 West 6th Electric Company.......................... 20 ELECTRICAL FIXTURES AND APPLIANCES L. A. Duncan....................................... 14 ELECTRICAL FIXTURES West 6th Electric Company.......................... 20 ELECTRICAL REFRIGERATORS Ivan dejongh............................Inside Back Cover FINANCING Security Housing Corporation...................... 122 FIREPLACE HEATERS Angelus Stove and Range Works...................... 44 FLOOR FINISHING American Floor Company, Inc........................ 84 FLOORS American Floor Company, Inc........................ 84 FRIGIDAIRE DISTRIBUTOR Ivan dejongh............................Inside Back Cover FURNACE MANUFACTURERS Louis H. Freymouth, Jr............................. 82 FURNACES Louis H. Freymouth, Jr............................. 82 GARAGE DOORS Herzog Sash and Door Company....................... 32 GAS FURNACES California Heating and Ventilating Company......... 22 Louis H. Freymouth, Jr............................. 82 GAS HEATING APPLIANCES Potter Radiator Corporation........................ 18 GAS RADIATORS Potter Radiator Corporation........................ 18 Page SevenIndex to Helpful Information---Continued GAS WATER HEATERS Federal Water Heater Company, Inc................. Superbo Heater Sales Company...................... GLASS, MIRRORS AND PRISMS Crown Sash, Door and Mill Company................. Page EightIndex to Helpful Information---Continued MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS Barnes Music Company................................. 28 Geo. J. Birkel Company.............................. 38 PAINTING CONTRACTORS Arenz-Warren Company, Inc.......................... 26 A. T. Caulfield.................................... 12 PAINTERS SUPPLIES A. T. Caulfield.................................... 12 PAINTS, OILS, VARNISHES Arenz-Warren Company, Inc........................ 26 Dunn Paint Company................................. 60 PAPER HANGERS A. T. Caulfield.................................... 12 PHONOGRAPHS Barnes Music Company............................... 28 Geo. J. Birkel Company........................... 38 PIANOS Barnes Music Company............................. 28 Geo. J. Birkel Company............................. 38 PLATE AND WINDOW GLASS California Door Company............................. 10 PORCH COLUMNS Herzog Sash and Door Company........................ 32 RADIANT-FIRE HEATERS California Heating and Ventilating Company.......... 22 RADIATORS Potter Radiator Corporation......................... 18 RADIO SETS L. A. Duncan........................................ 14 RANGES (KITCHEN) Angelus Stove and Range Works....................... 44 REFRIGERATORS (ELECTRIC HOUSEHOLD) Ivan dejongh.............................Inside Back Cover ROOFING Dunn Paint Company.................................. 60 Hammond Lumber Company...................Outside Back Cover E. K. Wood Lumber Company........................... 66 SASH AND DOORS Crown Sash, Door and Mill Company................... 42 Herzog Sash and Door Company........................ 32 SASH, DOORS, WINDOWS California Door Company............................. 10 SHADES AND BLINDS Swem, The Shade Man................................. 74 SHINGLES E. K. Wood Lumber Company......................-.... 66 STEAM AND GAS STEAM HEATING California Heating and Ventilating Company.......... 22 Page Nine877-461 PHONE 877-461 237-239-241 CENTRAL AVENUE 877-461 PHONE 877-461 237-239-241 CENTRAL AVENUE 877-461 PHONE 877-461 237-239-241 CENTRAL AVENUE 877-461 PHONE 877-461 237-239-241 CENTRAL AVENUE 877-461 PHONE 877-461 237-239-241 CENTRAL AVENUE Page Ten.Index to Helpful Information---Continued STORAGE-AUTOMATIC WATER HEATERS Superbo Heater Sales Company....................... 2 STORAGE GAS WATER HEATERS Federal Water Heater Company, Inc.................. 34 STOVES, RANGES, HEATERS Angelus Stove and Range Works...................... 44 STUCCO Hoff Magnesite Company............................. 78 SUPERBO AUTOMATIC STORAGE WATER HEATERS Superbo Heater Sales Company....................... 2 TENTS Swanfeldt Tent and Awning Company.................. 76 UNIT SYSTEM OF HEATING Louis H. Freymouth, Jr............................. 82 WALL BOARD Dunn Paint Company........................r........ 60 WALL FURNACES California Heating and Ventilating Company......... 22 WALL PAPER Arenz-Warren Company, Inc.......................... 26 Dunn Paint Company................................. 60 WATER HEATERS Federal Water Heater Company, Inc.................. 34 Superbo Heater Sales Company........................ 2 WINDOW SHADES Swem, The Shade Man................................ 74 Dunn Paint Company................................. 60 WINDOW GLASS Crown Sash, Door and Mill Company.................. 42 Page ElevenPAINTING and DECORATING Your Neu) Home! IT is of utmost importance, in planning your new home, that sufficient thought be given the painting and interior decora-ion, for oftentimes these essentials are the discriminating factors which designate a home from a house. CHARACTER IN PAINTING TELLS The interior of your home suggests either hospitality or coldness. Add distinction to your home—decorate with assurance. Don’t be satisfied with just painting and papering. Ideas which have originated during our more than 50 years’ experience should prove most valuable to you. The appearance of the exterior should not be cheapened in an effort to minimize expense, for hundreds of persons pass your home to every one who enters it. Our suggestions as to shades, colors, combinations, mixtures, mottles, etc., are at your disposal. Carefully planned ideas naturally suggest carefully selected workmanship. No apologies or explanations for the decorator’s mistakes are necessary if the job is executed by our firm. JUST PHONE US— and we will take care of your painting and decorating in a manner that will prove both pleasing and lasting. We have made a study of proper combinations of paints and oils for use in this climate. A. T. Caulfeild Co. PAINTERS AND DECORATORS 4166 So. Main Street Phone Home 292-934 Page TwelveWHAT is a Home? ’Tis something more than four walls to offer protection from the elements, surely. Something more than just a place to sleep and eat and stay when there’s no other place to go. The materials from which the true home is built cannot all be purchased at the nearest lumber store. The construction of a home requires something more than the skill of the carpenter and artisan. Many a house has been built that should have been a home, but somehow after the carpenters and painters had finished their work—•after they had done the best they could with the materials provided—there remained merely a house. “Home” is much more than a house. It is the abiding place of Love and Happiness. It is a retreat from the cares and problems of business and professional life. Here we put up bars to outsiders, allowing them to enter only at our invitation. Here are centered all the varied interests and activities of the family. Here are books pictures—perhaps music—that we enjoy together. Here disappointments and sorrows have been borne in mutual sympathy; here joys and pleasures shared; here hopes and ambitions voiced in confidence. Upon the walls or mantle will be found little mementos that remind us of friends we have loved, or of occasions that thrilled. Every possession of the home is imbued with the personality of those who cherish it or use it. Every decoration and furnishing is an expression of the taste or selection of some member of the family. This big chair is “Dad’s" by divine right; this one belongs to Mother because she likes the “feel" of it. Thus is the spirit of “Home" manifest. But to create it—that’s a different matter sometimes. It requires the touch of a woman’s hand, the sound of a child’s voice, the presence of Love. “Home" is a sacred place, built by the spirituality and personality of its inhabitants. The possession of it is guaranty against the restlessness and improvidence of modern life. It should be the heritage of every American family. Money, Time and Work put into a home of this kind is a veritable investment in Happiness which pays dividends greater than the power of man to calculate. Page ThirteenSATISFACTION in every contract executed! THAT’S the reputation we have acquired and maintain as a unit of our business. Our service to hundreds of homebuilders has been prompt and without regrets. We are— SPECIALISTS ON HOUSE WIRING Qualified Electrical Contractors Our Planning and Service Department is ready to assist you in adding comfort and safety to your new home. Our stock of— Lighting Fixtures and Appliances —has been carefully selected and merits your inspection. An invitation is extended to all prospective homebuilders to call and discuss their electrical problems. L. A. Duncan 2934 West Pico Phone Beacon 0044 Page FourteenELECTRICITY The Servant in the Home A new servant has appeared to assist the busy housekeeper—a faithful, industrious servant that stands ready at any moment to do any of a hundred erstwhile tedious tasks—Electricity. This servant keeps no “hours,” is always on hand, works diligently without complaining—and charges nothing for her time except when actually working; then only a few cents per hour. Electricity is performing the miracle of making housework easy and pleasant. Every hour of the day it saves time and work for the lady of the house. It enables the work to be done more quickly, and better. It improves and simplifies the business of housekeeping. Electrical servants are an economy. Once you have them, you’ll use them all the time—every day. A glimpse into the modern home will show many of the following electrical devices and appliances in constant use: Electric Iron—An every-day necessity. Makes it possible to iron in the most pleasant corner of the home, and to sit down during the operation. Cost of operation, per hour......................................2^c Clothes Washer—Saves hours of hard work, soap, wear and tear on clothing, and big laundry bills. Cost of operation, per hour.1 ^c Vacuum Cleaner—•Keeps the house clean; saves lots of dusting. Cost of operation, per hour....................................... j^c Radiant Heater—Saves lighting up the furnace; takes the chill out of the room. Can be moved to any desired room or corner, just as needed. Cost, per hour................................................3%c Percolator—Takes coffee-making out of the kitchen, and produces a better drink. Cost per hour.................................... 2 Page FifteenELECTRICITY—The Servant in the Home—Continued Ironing Machine—Reduces three hours’ hard labor to one hour of pleasant work. Cost per hour of operation........................1 Rc Toaster— Crisp, fresh, hot toast made right at the table. Just the thing for breakfasts—and other meals, too. Cost of operation, per hour.2J4c Heating Pad—We hope your needs for this will not be great, but it is wonderfully comforting and soothing when needed. Quick and constant heat. Cost per hour.............................................. J^c Dishivasher—Washes the dishes used for a whole meal in five minutes— and dries them, too. Cost per hour...............................1 Rc Waffle Iron—Once your family knows the appetizing delightfulness of waffles made at the table, without grease or mess, they will be an everyday thing with you. Cost per hour................................2J4c Sewing Machine Motor—Eliminates harmful foot pedaling. Can also be used for other tasks. Cost per hour.............................. J^c Curling Iron—Those who use a curling iron at all surely need it every day. There is no electric device that means more to a woman than this one. Does not blacken or burn the hair. Cost of operation, per hour. . E־c Electric Fan—On a warm day there is nothing so satisfying as a gentle, cool breeze—even if it has to be manufactured. Cost of operation, per hour.............................................................. NT Electrical Refrigerator—No more visits by the ice man! Keeps your ice box cool and sanitary all the time and makes your own ice. Cost per day. 8c In addition to these, there are other little devices that chop meat, slice vegetables, mix dough, polish silverware and other things around the kitchen. Note:—The above prices on the cost of operation are based upon the lighting rate. The local power company offers a special combination lighting, cooking and heating rate, which provides for a charge of 1cents per kilowatt hour after the first 150 kilowatt hours have been consumed at an average rate of 4.8 cents. To secure this rate it is necessary to have actually connected three kilowatts and cooking and heating appliances on which a minimum of $2.25 per month will be guaranteed. ONE OUTSTANDING ESSENTIAL should be observed by the home builder, and that is to provide a sufficient allowance (about 4% of the cost of the building) for electrical work. This will provide convenience outlets in every room, so various appliances may be used, and lighting fixtures that will be both beautiful and utilitarian. Many home builders, after moving into the new home, find that proper provisions have not been made for convenience outlets for the use of electrical appliances they desired to use, with the result that additional wiring has to be installed at greatly increased expense and possible unsightly appearance. The lighting fixtures are perhaps the most conspicuous things in the home, and should be selected with regard to beauty, harmony and efficiency instead of price. Cheap, unsuitable fixtures make an otherwise pretty room look ugly. A few hours or minutes in consultation with the Commercial Department of the Lighting Company or a reliable contractor will result in securing the necessary data to make your electrical installation complete and satisfactory, and prevent disappointments after moving in. Page Sixteen.BEFORE WE BUILD "We first survey the plot, then draw the model; And when we see the figure of the house, Then must we rate the cost of the erection." —Shakespeare. Every home, when completed, is the materialization of a vision. It is built first in the mind and imagination of the owner or builder. The process of reducing the vision to a practical workable basis is not always an easy one. Many of the ideas so enthusiastically conceived are found to be entirely impracticable when incorporated into the actual construction. Many times the completed home is actually disappointing to the owner, because trivial personal preferences have been allowed to override professional counsel. The consultation or employment of a competent architect is encouraged. He will usually save enough labor and material to pay for his services. Or he will add distinctiveness to the home—without material increase in cost—that will add much to the value of the property. The average home builder has not had the experience to enable him to decide many of the technical questions arising in the construction of the home, and whose disposition determines the measure of satisfaction his home will yield him. He should, however, be sufficiently informed to understand and discuss the important phases of building. We usually start our planning with a rather definite general idea of the number and character of the rooms required. How these shall be arranged with respect to each other and the surroundings remains to be worked out. The type of construction and manner of arrangement of the house depends to a large extent upon the character of the soil, the “lay” of the building site, the direction of the best outlook, the direction of the coldest winds and the best sunshine. The serious consideration of these factors before building will insure the builder against many unpleasant and costly surprises. For this reason, too, neither the lot nor the plan can be safely selected without knowing definitely what the other is to be. If the lot is selected first, it is simply a matter of keeping its topographical features—and the points of the compass— clearly in mind during the planning of the home. It is also important to decide early the kind of material to be used in the construction of the home, for these determine to a large extent its design. Shall we use wood, tile, brick, concrete, stucco or stone? The cost, availability and personal taste of the builder will have much to do with this decision. Before we build, let us have everything decided and clearly indicated in a complete set of working drawings and specifications. “Understandings” often prove to be expensive misunderstandings. Changes are costly, and “extras” are the cause of infinite trouble and dissatisfaction. One point should be remembered: It is very easy, ivhen looking at blue-prints or drawings, to get a misconception of distances. A room eight or ten feet wide may seem sufficiently large on the plan, but once the walls are up, it becomes unexpectedly small. Some definite basis of comparison should be used—another room, for instance—in order to avoid such disappointments. Page Seventeen Build Heating Comfort Into Your Home Enjoy clean, healthful radiator-heat without the inconvenience or extravagance of a central plant. POTTER Warm Air Radiation brings every heating comfort with no basement, no janitor work, no "popping,” no leaks, no waste. Just light a match and open the gas valves—that is all. Every Potter radiator is a complete heating and ventilating unit. The operating cost is very small. Let the POTTER estimator give you the data on this modern heating method. Call him now before the plans are too far along. Garvanza 0644. COLE Floor and Wall Furnaces can be installed in old or new houses on first or second floors. Draws a steady stream of pure outside air into the room,—keeping the atmosphere always fresh. Costs about one cent an hour to operate. (Gas at .70.) POTTER RADIATOR CORP’N. 5946 Pasadena Ave., Los Angeles Phone Garv. 0644 Page EighteenUSE OF GAS IN THE HOME The convenience, efficiency and economy of gas makes it the ideal fuel to use in the modern home for cooking, water heating and house heating. There are a number of improvements embodied in the up-to-date range. When it is desired to have the kitchen white throughout, a gas range can be secured which will harmonize with its surroundings. Not only will the white porcelain enameled range be beautiful in appearance, but its smooth, glossy surface requires very little work to keep it in perfect condition. The automatic lighter, for use in connection with the top burners, eliminates the necessity of dangerous, unsightly matches, and makes cooking a pleasure. A simple touch of a button brings the required flame to the burner, instantly lighting it. This automatic feature is becoming increasingly popular with the modern housewife, as the gas consumption of the small pilot light only amounts to a few cents per month. Water Heating The water heating problem is easily solved by the installation of a gas water heater. Either the manual or automatic types are available for this purpose. The automatic heaters are the choice of those who appreciate the convenience and time-economy of having an unlimited supply of steaming hot water available at the turn of a faucet. The very attractive price of the small automatic heaters for use in bungalows is another reason why so many home builders are finding that they cannot afford to do without a heater with the automatic feature. Heating the Home Fortunately, those of us who live in California do not face the housewarming problem which confronts our friends in the East every winter. Our heating season is very short, and as the outside temperature rarely approaches 40 degrees F., it is seldom necessary to raise the room temperature over twenty or thirty degrees. For this reason, gas is the most popular air heating medium. The simple turning of a valve, or in the unit heating system, the pressing of a button, makes the heat immediately available. There are various types of heaters which can be suited to the particular requirement. The open radiant type, installed many times in the fireplace, is proving very popular. Wall or floor furnaces take up no valuable floor space, are easily regulated, and when even a slight gas odor is objectionable, a type can be secured which allows no fumes to come inside the room. The self-heating type of radiator is now particularly in favor because of its healthfulness and convenience. Vents or a filter system do away with all fumes and odors. Unit System of Heating When a cellar is provided, or there is sufficient clearance between the floor and the ground level, the “unit system” of heating is desirable. This consists of one or more furnaces, with pipe connections to the various rooms. The clock feature, used in connection with these heaters, can be set so that the gas is automatically turned on a short time before rising in the morning. The whole house is then cosy and warm, and comfort is assured for the whole family at the start of the day. Radiators that circulate warm air instead of steam are extremely popular. As no basements or boilers are needed, the cost of installation is comparatively small, but this type of heating offers all the health-features of steam, without the bother and expense of a basement system. Planning and arranging for the proper gas appliances before the house is built, may mean much in securing those many comforts and conveniences which gas fuel affords. Page NineteenAt Your Service, Mr. Homebuilder! Let us help you plan your Electrical Work. (Expert advice without charge.) We are always willing and ready to be of assistance to you. If you desire quick service, best electricians, standard materials and thorough execution of your contract, be sure your HOUSE WIRING is given to us. Our many years’ experience and our hundreds of satisfied customers warrants our ability to serve YOU. Call and see us or phone for our representative. BEAUTIFUL FIXTURES Guaranteed Electrical Appliances WASHING MACHINES VACUUM CLEANERS REPAIR WORK “We Electrify to Satisfy” Page TwentyAN ELECTRICAL WIRING PLAN FOR A MODERN HOME Showing the proper iviring for illumination and adequate convenience outlets essential for the efficient use of labor-saving appliances SYMBOLS Jef —Celling outlet ■» —Bracket outlet S —Single-pole switch S5 —Three-pole switch 41 —Wall convenience outlet JX —Floor convenience outlet This plan gives many helpful suggestions for the proper Electrical Wiring of your home. Electrical Appliances ivill do your work efficiently. Provide sufficient Electrical Convenience outlets for their use. KEY PORCH (Size 9״6 ׳ x 11׳) 1— Outlet for ironing machine motor—up 3'. 2— Cut-out and fuse cabinet. 3— Bell ringing transformer. 4— Outlet for clothes washer—up 3'. 5— Outlet for electric refrigerator—up 6'. 6— Outlet for electric flatiron—up 3' 6". KITCHEN (Size 9׳ x 116 ׳") 1— Outlet for water heater—up 12". 2— Electric range outlet—up 28". 3— Electric range switch—up 4'. 4— Outlet for dishwasher, utility motor, etc.—up 4'. 5— Front door bell. 6— Back door bell. BREAKFAST ROOM 1— •Floor outlet for percolator, toaster, waffle iron, etc. 2— Outlet for vacuum cleaner, heater, etc. DINING ROOM 1— Floor outlet for toaster, coffee urn, etc. 2— Outlet for vacuum cleaner, heater, stand lamp, etc. 3— Outlet for chafing dish, grill, etc.—up 4׳. REAR BEDROOM 1— Outlet for curling iron, vibrator, boudoir lamp, etc. 2— Outlet for sewing machine, vacuum cleaner, etc. 3— Double outlet for reading lamp, warming pad, milk warmer, heater, etc. BATHROOM 1—Outlet for shaving-water cup, heater, hair dryer, vibrator, etc.—up 4'. FRONT BEDROOM 1— Outlet for vacuum cleaner, boudoir lamp, curling iron, etc. 2— Outlet for stand lamp, vibrator, curling iron, etc. 3— Telephone outlet. 4— Double outlet for reading lamp, heater, warming pad, etc. RECEPTION HALL 1— Telephone outlet. 2— Outlet for vacuum cleaner, stand lamp, etc. LIVING ROOM 1— Outlet for piano lamp, etc. 2— Outlet for stand lamp, vacuum cleaner, etc. 3— Outlet for candelabra. 4— Outlet for candelabra. 5— Outlet for table lamp, Christmas tree lights, eto. 6— Outlet for vacuum cleaner, heater, etc. TERRACE 1—Outlet for tea-table appliances, sewing machine, etc . GARAGE 1—Double outlet for portable light, drill, air pump, rectifier, etc. Page Twenty-oneHEATING This wonderful clime of ours requires but little heating, yet that little should be instantly at your call and readily modulated. We have a variety of heaters particularly designed for California requirements, that will provide ample heat and pure vitalized air. Visit our display room. Let us show you an electric push-button controlled system of unit furnaces, each furnace heating separate rooms. We can solve any heating problem confronting you. We are always glad to submit quotations. CALIFORNIA HEATING & VENTILATING CO. Formerly Cornelius W. Comegys & Company 735 North Western Avenue (Unrestricted Parking) Phones 472-451 and 438-346 “WE SATISFY The DISCRIMINATING" Page Twenty-two HEATING AND VENTILATION Is it not a pity that we, living in California with its glorious sunshine and beautiful air, should not take advantage of these wonderful advantages to make our homes bright and sweet instead of shutting ourselves up in poorly ventilated and incorrectly heated homes? In the designing of any building there are certain elements, classed as major factors, which should receive due consideration and be wisely arranged and planned for at the conception of the building. Among these major factors are two, heating and ventilating, which in the average residence seem to have been omitted, or at least planned at the last minute and installed so as not to interfere with the balance of the building. A residence, as I understand it, is a building among whose chief requirements are the comfort and health of its occupants. Each person requires at least thirty cubic feet of fresh, pure air each minute. Where more than one person is in a room at the same time and insufficient fresh air is supplied, the same air is used by all. This air has had a large percentage of its life-giving properties removed, and in turn has absorbed the impurities, and in some cases disease germs, from the change. No self-respecting person, thoroughly understanding these conditions, could be satisfied with a residence unless it were correctly ventilated. Do not forget that, in addition to the proper supply of fresh air and the removal of the foul air from the rooms, the surroundings must be pure and sweet; a dry, thoroughly ventilated cellar is invaluable, or if this is impossible, raise your house as high as possible from the ground and ventilate the space well; a dark, damp space under your house collects carbonic acid gas, which seeps up through your floors, breeds germs and rots your woodwork. The best system of heating for a residence is one which injects fresh, warm air into the rooms, thus forming a higher pressure inside than exists outside. This pressure forces the air from the inside, out through the cracks around the windows, doors, etc., instead of, as in the case where direct heating is used, causing a draft of cold air into the rooms. This method also assures good ventilation. Never allow any heaters installed in the rooms unless they are perfectly ventilated. Open fireplaces ventilate the rooms, but cause drafts of cold air to enter at all leaks, and have an efficiency of only approximately 10 percent. The three best heating systems for residences are Furnace, Direct-indirect Steam or Hot Water, or Indirect Steam or Hot Water. All three, when correctly designed and installed, give the same result and can be depended upon to correctly heat and ventilate your residence. Either oil, gas, coal or wood may safely be used as fuel. Never allow a direct heating system, unless in conjunction with a reliable ventilating system, to be installed in your residence. It warms you, but it also forces you to breathe impure, germ-laden air. These two subjects, although only simply and briefly touched upon in this article, are vital, and worthy of the most careful attention. Page Twenty-threeELECTRICAL REFRIGERATION J or the Home One of the newest developments along the line of electrical devices for the home is the electrical or mechanical refrigerator. This method has been used in the commercial field for a number of years and has proven entirely practical. Now it has been developed to a practical point for home use, and bids fair to revolutionize home refrigeration. The inconveniences connected with the use of natural or artificial ice are many and varied, and the housewife is indeed happy to be spared these for the advantages and economies of electrical refrigeration. Refrigeration may be defined simply as the process of eliminating heat. If we eliminate heat from a certain space, that space will be cooled. Heat may be eliminated from the air by absorbing it through the process of melting ice, though this is at best a wasteful process. The action of the ice as it changes from the solid physical state to the liquid absorbs the surrounding heat. Mechanical refrigeration is based upon the fundamental physical law that when a liquid changes its state to either a solid or vapor there is an inter-change of heat. Example: When ether or alcohol is applied to the skin, the rapid evaporation resulting from its absorption of heat from the skin produces the sensation of cold. The action of water boiling keeps the temperature of the water from increasing, no matter how much heat is applied. Different liquids boil at varying temperatures, some higher and some lower than water. Sulphur-dioxide boils at 14 degrees above zero, and ammonia at 27 below. A tumbler of sulphur-dioxide will boil violently in a room of normal temperature. If it were a cheap liquid, and if it could be poured from one container into another, then the housewife could simply pour some of it into a double boiler to cool or freeze anything in the upper container. But sulphur-dioxide is expensive and cannot be released without instantly turning to vapor. It must, therefore, be conserved within a properly designed system of coils where it can be controlled Electrical refrigeration is a pure, dry cold. It will not only keep articles cool, but will freeze ice, ice cream or anything you wish within the capacity of the machine you buy. Many of these machines can be operated for much less than the cost of ice. There are known installations where not more than nine cents’ worth of electricity is used on the hottest summer days to keep nine cubic feet of space below 40 degrees—and this is far below the cost of ice. Many pages could be written in further explanation of the advantages of this new method of electrical refrigeration over the old use of ice, but those interested may learn more from the dealers selling these machines. Page Twenty-JourHOME SANITATION AND HYGIENE Some of the Important Health Points the Home Builder Should Consider Modern science has at last recognized the fact that the question of Home Sanitation and Hygiene is one of the most important features to consider in the planning of a home, for this involves the health and welfare of the occupants. Too much attention has been paid in the past to making houses beautiful from the exterior and the front room, and not enough to the convenience and sanitary requirements of the kitchen and bathroom. Today almost first consideration is given to the planning of these two, and rightly so. Man cannot afford to tamper with his health. His bathroom must be provided with a complete set of the most efficiently operated plumbing. It must have the proper vents for air circulation and light. It must have its sufficiently spacious toilet and medicine chest, together with fixtures for the proper keeping of all cleansing toilet brushes, towels, cloths, etc. Also its electrical equipment and shower bath attachment. The kitchen should be provided with both gas and electrical service, and refrigerating facilities to keep foods in proper edible condition. It should be arranged in a way to give plenty of wholesome ventilation and light, and be easily kept clean. Bedrooms should be constructed so as to get air and sunlight from the proper angles and in a way which enables the beds to be placed beyond the reach of drafts. All other rooms and apartments should be designed and constructed with a view to obtaining the best results from air and sunshine. The Sunlight Clock and Aspect Chart found on another page will be helpful in working out these features. They show not only the direction and duration of the sun’s rays during winter and summer, but also the direction from which prevailing breezes and storms come. Consideration should also be given to yard sanitation and home surroundings. Trees and plants should not be placed too close to the house or in front of windows. The yard should have perfect drainage from all parts. These hints probably suggest other points upon which you will like to be advised. Any up-to-date plumbing contractor or engineer will be able to give specific data and specifications to meet your particular needs. Miscellaneous Weights and Measures The standard gallon of water measures 231 cubic inches, or 8.33888 pounds. A cubic foot of water weighs 62.4 pounds and measures 7.48 gallons. A section of land is one mile square, and contains 640 acres. An acre, if square, is 208% feet on each side, and contains 43,560 square feet. A half acre, if square, is 147% feet on each side, and contains 21,780 square feet. A mile is 1,760 yards, or 5,280 feet, or 63,360 inches. A cubic yard contains 27 cubic feet, or 46,656 cubic inches. A cubic foot equals 1,728 cubic inches. A square yard contains 9 square feet, of 1,296 square inches. A square foot equals 144 square inches. Number of gallons multiplied by .13367 will give number of cubic feet. Number of gallons multiplied by 231 will give number of cubic inches. Cubic feet of water multiplied by 62.5 will give number of pounds. Square inches multiplied by .007 will give number of square feet. Cubic feet multiplied by 7.48 will give number of gallons. Page Twenty-fiveThe Pinnacle oj Satisfaction for the Homebuilder Who Desires Quality PAINTING and DECORATING OUR consulting decorators are at your service, Mr. Homebuilder! We pride ourselves in our ability to suggest proper color schemes which will individualize your home, regardless of its type of architecture. Thirty-three years in business in Los Angeles bears out the fact that our service and workmanship “stands the test of time.” Although we are responsible for the beautiful appearance of some of Los Angeles’ finest larger buildings, we exercise the same care in the execution of the smaller contracts. Hotel Biltmore Gaylord Apartments New Hotel Rosslyn Annex F. W. Braun Building Hollywood Library A few of our recent jobs include: Harold Arnold Garage Pacific Mutual Building Pacific Finance Building Los Angeles Railway Building First Methodist Episcopal Church J. W. Robinson Dry Goods Co. New Heilman Commercial Trust Conaty Memorial School & Savings Bank Bldg. Hollywood Hospital Cooper Arms Apartments, Long Beach Omar Hubbard Apartments, Long Beach Arenz-W arren Co. INCORPORATED 2121 West Pico St. Los Angeles, Calif. Phones: Beacon 1054 Beacon 1559 Page Twenty-sixUSE OF COLOR IN THE HOME There are none of us but react consciously or unconsciously to our surroundings. Beauty—or lack of it—is keenly sensed; our thoughts and emotions are strongly affected because of it. Beautiful surroundings cause us to respond emotionally to their grandeur. We feel better. Perhaps we carry ourselves a bit straighter. Inwardly we struggle to make ourselves better so that we shall harmonize more surely with the beauty of the place. The time was when only the ultra-rich could indulge their aesthetic tastes in the decoration of their homes. Today, even the little cottage and bungalow can be tastefully and charmingly furnished and decorated by the proper use of color. Almost everyone has a certain inherent sense of proportion and a feeling of what is appropriate, which should guide them in the arrangement and decoration of their home. However, just as music and painting must obey certain rules to be art, so interior decoration must follow certain rules of good taste. Colors influence our daily thoughts and moods more than we usually realize, and make home a pleasant place for all—or something quite the contrary. Color can make a room feel close and oppressive, or comfortable and refreshing. It is well to remember that light, warm colors, tints and shades of yellow, make surfaces appear to expand and recede. These should always be used in small rooms to make them feel larger. A dark, cold color in a small room makes it seem even smaller than it really is. Darker and colder colors, such as shades of blue and aggressive reds, make surfaces appear closer, and should be used only in large rooms to overcome the “big” feeling. The same is true of colors used in painting the outside of homes. Light colors should be used on small buildings and darker ones on the larger. Green in the room is usually quite a relief to city people. Red excites, yellow cheers and stimulates, blue quiets. The use of yellow in all its various tones is growing. This is well, for it is sunshiny and cheerful. Light walls help to make one forget that they are indoors, caged in. Vertical effects, either in the decoration of the walls or in the furnishings of a room, increase the appearance of height. They should be used in rooms with low ceilings. Tapestry effects, panels, or dropped ceilings make the room appear wider. Definite and specific suggestions as to color harmonies and the proper combinations for use in the decoration of your home can be secured from any reliable decorator or painting contractor. California home builders are prone to be too optimistic about weather conditions, overlooking the importance of arranging for comfortable heating of the home. It is well to plan foundations high enough to allow the installation of a floor furnace later on, if it is not to be put in at the time of building. Page Twenty-sevenThe Spirit of Music finds its most beautiful and harmonious expression through instruments of fine musical quality. That is why thousands of Southern California homes, our public schools, colleges and academies have selected their musical instruments at this Old Broadway Music House. There is in our store a piano and phonograph to fit every purse and requirement, any one of which may be purchased on our easy monthly-payment plan. Hallett & Davis, Schubert, Conway and Lexington Pianos and Virtuolo Players. [Brunswick Phonographs and Records Angelus Reproducing Pianos Phone 875-223 Page Twenty-eightMUSIC IN THE HOME Of all the beautiful possessions with which the home is adorned, none are so indicative of culture and taste as musical instruments. The piano, whether upright, grand or player, and the phonograph, open to you and yours the best music of the world. They enable the lover of good music to live in a musical atmosphere which will develop the taste for, and broaden the vision of, things musical. Music is the great barrier of formality. It breaks the ice on social occasions, creating a friendly atmosphere that enables everyone to enjoy themselves to the utmost. The musical instrument opens the road to popularity. It attracts acquaintances and friends who are similarly musically inclined. Anyone who can play well upon the violin, the saxophone, or any other of the dozen or more instruments used in orchestra or solo parts, finds great satisfaction in the expression thus afforded. The home without music is indeed lacking in one of the fine touches that make life brighter and happier and the home attractive. THE CARE OF A PIANO Caring for a piano consists of a good deal more than just dusting off the case and keys. It requires some knowledge of the mechanism, too, for the piano is really a delicately adjusted instrument containing some 7,000 parts of varying sizes. Extreme heat and cold should be avoided. Dampness also causes the wood to swell and the metal parts to rust. If possible, the piano should be placed near the inner walls of the home and away from direct drafts of air from the oceanside. During the first year there will be a gradual stretching of the strings which will throw the piano out of tune. No new piano will stay in tune more than six months. The big artists have the piano tuned every time it is used. A player-piano gets a lot of pounding, so naturally it needs tuning quite often, too. When new, the piano should be tuned at least every six months, and the action thoroughly cleaned once a year. Don’t take chances with tramp tuners, but get a reliable man from responsible music stores, even if this does cost a trifle more. The firm selling you the piano is always interested in having it please you, so they naturally will give it the best attention. Don’t dust the piano with a feather duster, as it will often scratch the fine polished surface. When dusting with a cloth, be sure to rub with the grain of the wood and not round and round. Use only good polish and a soft cloth, and be sure to rub dry with a clean cloth. Keep keys clean with a damp, but not wet, cloth. Excessive moisture may soften the glue and loosen the ivories. Keep the keys exposed to the light rather than closed up, as they will turn yellow in the dark. Page Twenty-nineLINOTILE FLOORS Combine Beauty and Durability We will make a LINOTILE design suitable for your Bath Room, Kitchen, Breakfast Room, Solarium or Reception Hall. We will gladly mail you an interesting booklet on LINOTILE, together with samples of the most modern and practical of Floor Coverings. Write for Booklet “A.” ARMSTRONG’S LINOTIL E—CORKTILE—LINOLEUM-RUGS— CARPETS—STAIR TREADS Don’t fail to see us before you buy! Van Fleet-Freear INCORPORATED 420 South Spring Street, Los Angeles Phone 821-578 Page ThirtyLINOTILE FLOORS FOR THE HOME BY M. V. VAN FLEET The selection of floors for sunrooms, breakfast rooms, kitchens, bathrooms and certain other areas in houses and apartments presents a problem of a peculiarly difficult nature. Wood floors are not satisfactory since they absorb water and grease, stain easily, are decidedly slippery when polished, and require frequent refinishing where there is much passing to and fro. Furthermore, from the decorative standpoint, wood floors are merely neutral backgrounds. They do not present the bright, cheerful appearance so essential in rooms such as these. Apparently, tile floors should offer the logical solution. They are nonabsorbent, sanitary, easy to clean and are pleasing in appearance. But floors made of ordinary tile have a number of serious disadvantages. They are cold, noisy, slippery and decidedly uncomfortable to those who must walk or stand on their hard, unyielding surfaces. Happily, however, there is a tile which has none of these disadvantages. It is Linotile—a composition of clean powdered cork, wood flour, oxidized linseed oil and suitable pigments. These ingredients are mixed together, compressed into sheets one-fourth inch thick, thoroughly seasoned, and then cut into tile of several sizes and shapes. Linotile is a tough, elastic material which has given exceptional service in stores, theatres and office buildings, establishing its durability to be beyond question. Its structure is resilient and yielding to the tread, making floors that are warm, comfortable, non-slippery and practically noiseless. Furthermore, Linotile has all the good qualities of ordinary tile in that it is non-absorbent of water or grease, and presents a smooth surface that is thoroughly sanitary and easy to clean and keep clean. Linotile is manufactured in eleven standard colors, all of which are clear and soft in tone: Light Green, Dark Blue, Light Gray, Dark Green, Light Brown, Dark Gray, Light Blue, Dark Brown, Red, Black, White. This wide assortment of colors and the various shapes and sizes in which Linotile is supplied provide ample facilities for the construction of floors which not only harmonize perfectly with the other decorations, but contribute positively to the beauty of the rooms in which they are installed. Linotile floors are laid piece by piece, according to the designs selected by the architect or owner. Consequently, each one has that distinctive and individual appearance attainable only in a floor that is “custom-built" to fit the room. Linotile is supplied in squares ranging from 2x2 inches to 16 x 16 inches, in oblongs ranging from 2x4 inches to 18 x 36 inches, and in strips for borders and for interlining between square or oblong tile. Sanitary cove and base— 6 inches high—is supplied in all standard colors. Linotile floors may be installed over any smooth, dry base — wood, concrete, tile or metal. In laying, each piece of Linotile is cemented down firmly with waterproof cement and all joints are sealed tightly with the same compound. The surface of a Linotile floor is, therefore, smooth and even, and presents no open cracks in which dust and germs may lodge. (ADVERTISEMENT) Page Thirty-oneHERZOG SASH & DOOR CO. Specialists in SASH and DOORS, PORCH COLUMNS GARAGE DOORS, HARDWOOD FLOORS BREAKFAST NOOKS and IRONING BOARDS Page Thirty-twoHOW TO PREVENT OAK FLOORS FROM CUPPING OR BUCKLING The purpose of this article is to give information as to how to prepare a house to receive a properly manufactured oak floor and keep it from cupping or buckling. This is the condition which has given the builder in this territory the greatest amount of difficulty and by the layman has been attributed to faulty kiln-drying and manufacture, while the true cause has been completely overlooked; consequently, many owners of new homes are disappointed in the appearance of their floors. It is well known that wet wood will give off moisture under ordinary atmospheric conditions and that dry wood will take on moisture in damp weather. In fact, thoroughly seasoned wood, under ordinary conditions, daily takes on or gives off moisture to accommodate itself to changing atmospheric conditions. This causes a corresponding shrinking and swelling commonly known as working. It is quite obvious that the swelling or cupping which takes place after the floor is laid must be due to some condition that increases the moisture content of the flooring. The Section of Timber Physics of the United States Forest Products Laboratory advises the shrinkage of quarter-sawed oak lumber in drying, from 25% moisture content to thorough oven dryness where it contains no moisture whatsoever, is from 3.7% to 8% of its width, depending upon species and individual characteristics. Plain-sawed boards will likewise shrink from about 8.3% to 10.8%. This information will establish the fact that it is, therefore, better to use quarter-sawed oak flooring instead of plain-sawed oak flooring, a point that should not be overlooked by the prospective builder. For ordinary purposes it is accurate enough to assume that 10% is the amount of shrinkage that takes place in drying from the 25% moisture stated above. Using these figures as a basis, it will be found an increase of 4° in moisture will cause one foot of oak flooring, very closely and tightly nailed together, to swell 3-16 of an inch. Therefore, do not insist on having floor driven up too close. The reasons for the presence of moisture are many, but the most common are wet soil, improper ventilation under the house and green lumber supplied by the average dealer for subfloor. To air-dry green lumber requires from six months to a year and then the moisture contents of the lumber would be in proportion to humidity of atmosphere which, in case of green lumber being placed a foot or eighteen inches above wet ground under a house without ventilation, when used as a subfloor for oak flooring, is too awful to contemplate. It is bad enough and has caused sufficient trouble, when used on the second floor. The moisture from the green subfloor is absorbed by the lower portion of the oak, causing it to swell, resulting in the floor being cupped, often in a day or two after it is laid. The builder will do well to place large ventilators under the house, eliminating the lattice work so generally used and insist on kiln-dried lumber for subfloor, which should cost but a trifle more. 1 Page Thirty-threeYour Home—and Your Heater ONE of the most important, and con-stantly used, adjuncts of any home is the Hot Water Heater! Efficiency, Dependability and Economy are absolute requisites in a heater and unless you secure this combination you are due for an amazing lot of grief and trouble. The Thermo Storage Automatic Hot Water heater is all three. It not only heats water but stores it; there are no coils to burn out or intricate parts to get out of order —it is always dependable. It requires less gas than any known heater and its first cost is saved many times in its absolute efficiency. Furthermore it is the only boiler made that bears a— GUARANTEE OF FIVE YEARS To overlook an inspection of the THERMO STORAGE Heater is to neglect your own protection in Hot Water Needs. ASK YOUR PLUMBER See working exhibit at 354 So. Los Angeles Street. It will convince you. Federal Water Heater Co We also manufacture and are sole agents for L. A. County of the LEWIS ELECTRIC HEATER 354 SO. LOS ANGELES STREET Page Thirty-fourEVOLUTION OF THE WATER HEATER By Aaron F. Norton Not so long ago the tea-kettle reigned supreme as the heating unit. Even to this day, where families are economical, the kettle is used instead of the regular heater, because they find that heating small quantities of water is quite expensive in that particular water heater they are using. After the tea-kettle came the range-boiler, connected to the stove with wood or coal as fuel, the water being heated in pipes in the fire box and from there passing to the boiler. The coming of gas displaced the range boiler, because the coal range was succeeded by the gas stove. Then appeared the gas water heater that nestled up close to the tank, like a calf to the mother cow, useful in a way, even if unsightly, yet always in the way. Afterwards, inventors devised the boiler with a heating unit and gas burner underneath, called the “combination.” You lighted the gas, sat down and waited for the water. Sometimes when you were busy you forgot to turn it off. This pleased the neighbors, for they had hot water at your expense. Then came the “instantaneous” heater, heating the water as it passed through small copper tubes. On account of this type of heater all water heaters have been expelled from our bathrooms by city ordinance, considering them dangerous. Large quantities of gas must be used to make this type of heater useful. The turning on of the gas is done by water pressure, therefore, water pressure as well as gas pressure control the instantaneous type. The flow of water is also limited to the size of the heater, the larger the flow of water the more numerous the burners and larger consumption of gas. All hotels and other large institutions heat the water and store it in a large boiler, usually insulated, holding hundreds and sometimes thousands of gallons, the fuel being mostly coal or oil. Being operated manually, these heaters must be constantly watched. Then came the improved type of water heater, known as the “thermo storage” type, being a small plant like the hotel heater, but automatically, not manually, operated. The boiler is usually insulated so that after the water is heated, no gas is needed to keep it hot. It is not economical to have the storage type without the insulation. Nearly all large hotel plants are insulated. When the water is heated to about 150 degrees the thermostat automatically turns the gas out. Cold water enters the boiler when hot water is drawn off. This cold water as it enters the boiler chills the thermostat and turns the gas on. Only a very small quantity of gas is used to heat the water that replaced the hot water drawn off. The use of a storage type of too small a capacity is a mistake. A twenty-gallon size is as small as should be used. Page Thirty-fiveFURNISHING THE HOME To some folks, the furnishing of the home presents a problem that is contemplated with a good deal of anxiety. It is no small task to select the many articles of furniture to be used in the home, but if a few simple rules are kept in mind, it becomes a most delightful undertaking. The furnishings of the home should be Appropriate, Beautiful and Comfortable—these requirements may well be called the A B C of furniture selection. It is not difficult to understand that the surroundings and furnishings in our rooms contribute greatly to our attitude of mind and mood. Certainly our comfort depends upon the character of chairs, settees or other seating arrangements of the room. The colors, styles and designs of materials used must harmonize with each other, or the result will be a hodge-podge collection, distracting and unrestful to sensitive souls. Beauty is often a difficult thing to analyze. It is usually a combination or fine adjustment of many elements into a design that pleases—we know not exactly why. Most people have an instinctive appreciation of good proportions, but are unable to exercise judgment in selection except through comparison. Others, with more experience and training, know why certain designs are pleasing and others are not. Most of us select the furnishings for our homes, however, for their utilitarian rather than artistic features. Every chair, dresser, table or bed is selected to suit the physical requirements of the people who are to use them. The furnishings of every room must be considered in relation to its size, character and decoration. The living room of today is exactly that—the room in which we live. It is the room we like to linger in, to be comfortable in, to be happy in. Comfort and attractiveness are, therefore, the essential requisites for this room. Easy chairs, a comfortable davenport, a softly-shaded floor lamp, a cozy fireplace—these are suggestive of the character of furnishings to be selected for the ideal living room. The dining room, on the other hand, may express a more formal hospitality. It is usually advisable to select the entire dining suite, or such part as is required, of the same pattern. The regulation pieces are, of course, the table, six chairs, and buffet. Other pieces of practical value, such as the serving table, silver cabinet, tea wagon and fernery can be added as desired. In the bed rooms, more latitude is given for the exercise of individual choice. The children’s room may be furnished in gaily decorated pieces, just suited to their size; that of the young lady in dainty style; while the man’s room may be furnished with sturdy pieces of distinctively masculine character. Dressers, chiffoniers, dressing tables, beds and a chair or two, are the regulation requirements. You can build a house, but a home must grow, says an appropriate adage. What makes your home grow into the haven you would have it become? Your Personality, as expressed in the selection and arrangement of its furnishings. Your home can breathe an air of originality, cordiality and individualism, if you but use a little judgment and care in its furnishing and decoration. Page Thirty-sixPLANNING THE ROOMS of THE HOME The Living Room The possibilities in the planning and arrangement of the rooms of the home are beyond the conception of anyone who has not delved into the subject. It is not money alone which makes a beautiful home. It is no more expensive to have one’s home well thought out, attractive and inviting, than to have it ill-considered and unattractive. The difference is chiefly in knowing how— good taste in arrangement and furnishing. The living room is a product of the present generation, an outgrowth of the old-time “parlor.” The parlor was not in any sense a living room, for it was kept sacred for special occasions. It was kept prim and precise. No one dared to be comfortable. The living room today is exactly that—the room we live in. It is undeniably the heart of the home. It is the room we love to linger in, to be comfortable in, to be happy in. This is the common room for the social life of the family. Though not usually occupied a great deal before mid-day, the mistress may perhaps receive a few intimate morning callers there. It may be used for morning music practice, and aged members of the family may give it constant morning use. During the afternoon, however, the mistress will use it for herself and callers, and the whole family will use it as a gathering place during the late afternoon and evenings and all day upon Sundays. Because of the importance of this room in the daily life of its occupants, it should have the finest view and the most favorable afternoon sun. It should be planned to be interesting, yet peaceful; jolly, yet thoughtful; cheery, yet restful— a room to Live in. Wide, low windows in the living room offer the opportunity o f built-i n window seats with soft, upholstered cushions. This may be used as a resting place, and for reading and sewing. Drawers or boxes may be built beneath the window seat. The average home will be doubly attractive if French doors are used between some of the rooms. The doors are attractive in themselves, and in addition provide a wide opening. Page Thirty-seven.Music Makes the Home MUSIC is the finishing touch — the crowning achievement of the perfect home. A musical instrument of some kind should occupy a prominent position in every American household. Here in this pioneer music house will be found only those musical instruments that are of national reputation and are the acknowledged leaders in their respective price classes, including— Steinway Weber Kurtzmann Steck Steinert Krakauer Laffargue Haines & Co. Brinkerhoff and other PIANOS The Duo-Art Reproducing Piano in the Steinway — Weber — Steck — Wheelock & Stroud VICTROLAS AND BRUNSWICK PHONOGRAPHS CONN BAND INSTRUMENTS and Many Other Equally Famous Orchestra and String Instruments Terms to suit your convenience. The BIRKEL COMPANY 446 448 Broadway The Steinway House K-I2 Page Thirty-eightPLANNING THE ROOMS OF THE HOME The Living Room—Continued A glowing log in the fireplace, a great big armchair, your favorite book, and the soft light of the reading lamp by your shoulder—who could ask for more for a long, pleasant evening? The fireplace adds a friendly and homey atmosphere to the room, and provides a center of interest around which a large circle may be grouped. The evening fire upon the hearth creates a warm and hospitable sociability, removing the necessity of any unnatural or forced conversations. The fireplace should be in the center of the long side of the room so that a person seated in any part of the room may feel within reach of the fire. In the planning of the modern living room, allowance of space should be made for a piano, perhaps a grand piano. Of all the beautiful things in the home, none are so indicative of culture and musical taste as the grand piano. In architectural form it typifies the acme of elegance. It is the badge of exclusiveness—nothing ever fills its place. Even a comparatively small living room can be arranged to conveniently receive a small size grand piano, if not the full size grand. The baby grand piano occupies no more usable space when located in a corner than that of an upright. If you would make your house a home in which weary body and nerves may find complete rejuvenation, look well to the planning of the Living Room! Make the home more than just a place to eat and sleep, a place to store furniture, or a museum of rare and costly things. Make it a place to live in, to rest in, to be happy in, to which we cling for its associations with those we hold dear; so that the little ones who are growing up around us may be rightly influenced thereby and may look back, when they are full-grown, with loving thoughts and memories to the happy days spent there. Successful home building is one of life’s most delightful experiences. Pa¿e Thirty-ninePLANNING THE ROOMS of THE HOME The Dining Room Eat, Drink — and be Merry! Why shouldn’t we? Eating continues to be a popular indoor pastime. There is no reason why this room should not be the most pleasant one in the home. Certainly the room in which we take our meab three hundred and sixty-five days in the year has a lot to do with our peace and happiness—perhaps with our health. We are told that our moods affect the digestive organs and our appetites. The room itself—the arrangement, the color scheme, the light—these influence our moods tc a larger extent than perhaps we think. Let the sunshine in! Make the room cheery. Make it more than just an eating room. Give it the best view and sunshine possible without infringing upon the first claims of the living room. It is in the dining room that guests receive their deepest impressions of the home. It is the throne room of the mistress. What woman is there who does not take the greatest pride in her dining room? She likes to display her culinary abilities—and she knows that a tastefully planned and furnished dining room adds to the pleasure of the feast. The illustrations on this page show two dining rooms that have been made attractive at a nominal expenditure. The one is finished in dark wood, with furniture to match. An attractive sun room opens from the dining room. White enamel woodwork, as in the other illustration, makes a neat and pleasant room of one that would otherwise be quite plain. Wonderful effects are possible in the use of panels in the dining room. This can be accomplished by using Veneered Wood panels with appropriate grain, or by dividing the wall space below the plate rail with perpendicular strips. The division, whether it be a plate rail or merely a moulding separating the wall colors, should be approximately two-thirds of the height of the wall. When a plate rail is used, this serves as an appropriate setting for rare pieces of china, etc. Built-in features, such as buffet and china closet, delight the heart of the housewife, and save a great deal of expense in furnishing. Page FortyPLANNING THE ROOMS of THE HOME The Bedrooms The Room of sweet Dreams! The innermost sanctuary of the house. The room for confidences. The bedrooms should be planned for sleep, yet more then merely a place to sleep. They should have generous provisions for natural light and good ventilation. The sleeper’s eyes should not face the windows. The person using a dressing table should have direct light on the face, either from both sides or an artificial light from the front. A light from the rear is almost worse than no light at all. There should be nothing glaring or dazzling. Superficiality is particularly out of place here. Emphasis should be laid upon providing every comfort for the occupants of the room. Every bedroom should be provided with spacious wardrobe closets, with shalves and drawers and hooks. A convenient feature of such a closet is a pole or rod upon which to hang clothes hangers.Our skilled service enters heartily into the plans of your new home, and is appreciated by hundreds of patrons among architects, contractors and private builders. INTERIOR TRIM, DOORS, SASH, MILL WORK We have the finest equipped mill in California for its size. Facilities for handling the most intricate work, such as stairs and built-in fixtures. We also handle all kinds of Art and Leaded Glass, Mirrors and Prisms. Crown Sash, Door & Mill Co 840-60 West Slauson Avenue Telephone Vermont 9700 Page Forty-twoPLANNING THE ROOMS of THE HOME The Entrance Hallway Here is the room where first impressions are made. We cannot spend too much thought and care to make it as attractive and inviting as possible. The entrance hallway should beckon the guests to the hospitality within. It should give them a little space of time to “get their bearings’’ before being ushered into the living room. The ideal hallway in a two-story home is one which forms an imposing unit with the staircase. Too many stairways appear to have been designed merely as a means of ascending to the upper story, without much regard to appropriate beauty. The stairway may be—and should be—one of the interesting features of the home. The plan of the stairway is, of course, controlled by the plan of the house. It should be built for convenience. There is no better-looking or convenient stairway than the one that is merely a straight flight of steps from one floor to another. An elaborate stairway is as out-of-place in a modest house as a simple one is in an elaborate house. The stairway should be planned and built to harmonize with the other portions of the home. One important point to remember is that the most satisfactory stairways are built with wide treads and low risers, forming what is known as “shallow" stairs. The effort of ascending is lessened as the height of the riser decreases. The Front Door Perhaps a word or two ought to be said about the front door—the entrance to the home—that feature which gives the arriving guests their very first impression. A beautiful doorway speaks its welcome and tells its own tale of the hospitality within. Make the front doorway wide. We all want our homes to express bigness— wide-open hospitality—and what could do this better than a hospitable looking front door ? Narrowness has no place in such a spirit. A wide front door will help to convey the fact that here is a home, not merely a place where people stay. It adds an air of spaciousness, attractiveness and “homeyness’’ that is felt by everyone entering. Page Forty-threeSelect Your New Range From the Largest and Finest Display in Los Angeles and SAVE THE MIDDLEMAN’S PROFIT Why Pay More Than Our Prices ? When you may choose here from the very finest Ranges manufactured: Acorns, Detroit Jewels, Bucks, Garlands, Welfares, Westways, Direct Actions, Favorites, Round Oaks, Benefits, Leaders, Perfects, and the famous Ange-lus Range. FREE Delivery—FREE Connection Call at our display room, 3025-27-29 South Vermont, and investigate our Factory-to-You selling plan—compare our prices with any in Los Angeles—compare our huge selection of all the leading makes of Ranges—and you will satisfy yourself that this is the place to buy. Then, too, our EASY PAYMENT PLAN will prove another reason why you should make your purchase here. You are always welcome to come to our salesroom, whether you are ready to buy or not. Courteous salesmen always glad to show you. Los Angeles' Lowest-Priced Stove Dealers ANGELUS STOVE & RANGE WORKS 3025-27-29 South Vermont Phone Beacon 6221 RAY-GLO HEATERS—ALL SIZES Page Forty-fourPLANNING THE ROOMS of THE HOME The Modern Kitchen The fundamental requisite, to be kept in mind when planning the kitchen, is convenience for food preparation and serving. Housekeeping is a business. System and efficiency should be planned just as thoroughly as in the office or workshop. In the well-planned kitchen, everything should be right at hand, ready for instant use. There should be no aimless running around. No retracing of steps. Proper placing of the cabinet in its relationship to sink and range will save hundreds of steps in the course of a day’s work. All the products and utensils needed in the preparation of food should be easily accessible on convenient shelves or in handy drawers. Of these there cannot easily be too many. The sink can be a thing of beauty as well as utility. It should be planned to make bending of the back unnecessary in working before it. A comfortable high stool should be a part of every kitchen equipment, for one should “never stand when one can sit,” a rule which every woman who would preserve her youth and good looks would do well to remember. The floor of the modern kitchen is constructed of tile or special composition, or covered with a good linoleum. This gives an air of spotless cleanliness and is easily kept clean. So many electrical devices have been perfected for use in the kitchen that the modern kitchen is almost run by electricity. Electrical refrigerators, dishwashers, percolators, toasters and other devices run by motors, have removed much of the drudgery of kitchen work and made it pleasant and easy instead. Page Forty-fivePLANNING THE ROOMS of THE HOME The Bath Room In the planning of many homes, the bath room receives but small consideration. It is given a corner somewhere that cannot well be used for anything else, without consideration to its convenience and accessibility. This should not be so. The modern bath roc n represents the highest sai i-tary efficiency. With its spotless white enamel and tile-work, its beautiful fixtures, it is really one of trie most attractive rooms in the house. The bath room shown above, with its large mirror and handy dressing cabinet, will appeal especially to “Milady.” When a fresh towel is needed, it will be found neatly folded away in one of the handy cabinets. The built-in tub is lower than the old pattern on feet, consequently easier .0 get into and out of. Shower bath units are a necessary part of the equipment 0׳ a complete bath room. What refreshing and exhilarating pleasure to jump under the shower “first thing in the morning” ! Only those who have tried—and kept it up—can tell how good it makes them feel. The pedestal lavatories are becoming popular. Where space does not permit their use, however, lavatories of the wall hanging type can be procured. A medicine cabinet or wall mirror adds to the attractiveness and convenience of the bath room. Glass shelves, towel bars, tumbler holders and soap holders add to the immaculate appearance of the room. Tiled walls and floors are desirable, since no amount of splashing will injure them. Special composition materials are also being used for bathroom floors and walls. One point that is often overlooked in planning the bathroom is the matter of heat. Even in balmy California the air is cool and chilly at the hours one usually bathes. When the heating system is installed, provision should be made for heating the bathroom also. Or facilities for using either gas or electric heaters should be provided. These latter are, in fact, most convenient, for they heat quickly and eliminate the necessity of starting up the heating system. Page Forty-sixPLANNING THE ROOMS of THE HOME The Breakfast Nook You will never regret including a breakfast nook in your plans. This device is becoming more popular in these servantless days. Both breakfast and luncheon may be served here. What a saving in time and work, not to have to set the dining room table for the quick breakfast or for the cup of tea when the neighbor steps in around four o’clock. The breakfast nook should be bright, sunny and cheerful. It may be just wide enough to hold a long, narrow table and two seats. An alcove near the kitchen will save many tiresome trips to the dining room. Tablecloths may be dispensed with, if desired; it is so delightfully informal. Early and late risers can be accommodated without special inconvenience. White enamel is always appropriate, sanitary and easy to keep clean. The finish should be selected, however, to harmonize with the finish in the adjoining room. The Sun Room No other room in the house offers more opportunities for freshness and originality of treatment than a Sun Room. Here one may indulge his love of joyous, riotous colors to the fullest extent. Here, upon a cool day, one may bask in the warm sunlight, oblivious to the chilly breeze without. The walls will be constructed almost entirely of windows, in order to capitalize the warming rays of sunlight. Wicker furniture finds an appropriate setting here. The Linen Closets After all the thought which has been given to the planning of their home, many move into that home to find they have neglected to provide sufficient room for linen, bedding, towels and garments of daily use. They probably take it for granted that their furniture will provide a place for these, but dressers and chiffoniers are sadly inadequate. Of one thing you may be certain—you cannot plan too many closets, drawers and shelves in which to put things away. Build them in convenient corners near the bedrooms, bathroom and kitchen. I he shelves should preferably be narrow, set close together, so that each article may be easily found and removed without disturbing a dozen others in the search. Provide a place for everything, and it will be easy to keep everything in its place. PagFForty-sevenPLANNING THE ROOMS of THE HOME The Kitchen Porch We cannot understand just why it is, but the back porch in the average home suffers -■׳ sadly from neglect in planning. Perhaps so much thought has been given to the other features of the house that this loses importance by comparison, but the back porch can be such a wonderful convenience if it is rightly planned. The average house pirn shows a little back porch about five feet by six. Anyone who has tried to make use of this cubby hole knows that it is good for nothing at a'l. The space is wasted. If a tiltle more space is allowed, however, the porch can be utilized for a great many purposes. Laundry tubs in the back porch are a great convenience. Space should also be allowed for the electric washer and working space around it. By placing the refrigerator in the porch, a great deal of mess can be avoided. Ice men are often careless about spilling. Perhaps a permanent drain can be arranged, eliminating the necessity of emptying the drip pan. A great many other conveniences can be arranged here, making the back porch a pleasant and convenient place to work. The Garage This country of ours is fast approaching the day when most families will be the possessors of a motor car of some kind. A good garage is as necess sary as the car itself. It protects the investment in the car, and is a decided asset and selling advantage for any property. The style of the garage will, of course, conform to that of the house itself. May we suggest, however, that in the construction of the garage, sufficient space be allowed to provide working space around the car, a work bench, and plenty of light? A concrete floor is essential. If a drain is provided, this will facilitate washing and cleaning of the car. Page Forty-eightLos Angeles Sunlight Dial Showing the direction and duration of the sun’s rays during the day and the relation of the weather to the points of the compass. Consider the Sunshine, Wind and Rain courses when you build. This Chart will help you. It is of utmost importance, when building, to consider the relation of the house to the sun. You have certain rooms in which you especially want the sun, morning or afternoon; or a porch that should be as shady as possible. A little forethought and planning, based upon the chart shown above, will eliminate any possibility of disappointment after the home is completed. In the illustration above, the inner circle of the dial represents the summer course of the sun, the light portion being the hours of sunlight, the dark portion being night. Reference to the hours of the dial will show the time of sunrise and sunset, and the direction of the sun’s rays during each hour of the day. The Sunlight Diagram on the left shows the amount of sunlight the windows on the various sides of the house receive, both summer and winter. Prevailing storms and rains come from the north, with easterly winds accompanying rains. Page Forty-nineLos Angeles Building Ordinances DEPARTMENT OF BUILDINGS Condensed Room 35, City Hall, J. J. BACKUS Requirements Los Angeles, Calif. Chief Inspector of Buildings DWELLING HOUSE REQUIREMENTS Caution—Read Carefully: Get building or plumbing permit before starting any work. Do not depend upon this slip to give you all the requirements of the Building Ordinance and State Laws. In case there is any doubt as to whether a proposed building, or any particular feature thereof, or any alteration or addition to any existing building, conforms to the law, or any question as to the requirements for foundations, mudsills, sizes of floor joists, studding and other timbers, chimneys, mantels, gas water heaters, floor and other furnaces, etc., etc., will comply, be sure to take the particular points up with the Department of Buildings. Dwelling Defined: A “dwelling” is any building, or any portion thereof, which is intended or designed to be used or occupied, or which is used or occupied, for living or sleeping purposes, other than an apartment house or hotel. A one-roc m dwelling can only be used for sleeping purposes, as cooking and sleeping in the same room is unlawful. An “apartment house” is any building, or any portion thereof, more than one story in height, which is intended or designed to be used or occupied, or which is used or occupied by three or more families, or which contains three or more apartments or housekeeping rooms. A “hotel” is any building, or any portion thereof, one or more stories in height, containing six (6) or more guest rooms (bedrooms for guests, roomers, lodgers, boarders, employees, etc.) A dwelling may contain not to exceed two apartments and five guest rooms. Location of Dwelling on Lot: Every dwelling must be located upon the lot so as to provide on unoccupied, uncovered ground area (window court) in front of all required windows, or in front of porches when required windows open onto porches, unless such required windows front upon a public street or alley dedicated to the city. “Required windows” are those which are at least equal to one-eighth (j/g) of the floor area of the room in which they are located, and any other windows not needed to make up this area are not required windows. A “window court” must be at least four (4) feet in its least dimension, and have an area of sixty (60) sq. ft., unless one entire side or end is bounded by a public street or alley, or by a front, side or rear yard at least four (4) feet in width, in which case the least dimension of a window court must be four (4) feet, but its area need not be 60 sq. ft. All yards must extend the entire width or length of the building, as the case may be, and have a width of at least four (4) feet; provided, however, that where a side yard is provided on each side of the building extending from a front yard or public street to a rear yard, each side yard may have a width of three (3) feet, but front and rear yards must be four (4) feet in width. Every such window court or yard must be located on the same lot as the dwelling. A public street, alley or park, dedicated to the city and adjoining lot lines, takes the place of a front, side or rear yard or window court. Eaves or cornices may project or extend into any front, side or rear yard or window court not to exceed two (2) inches for each foot in width thereof. Where a greater projection is desired the width of yard or court must be increased as much as such projection is increased. Every building must have its own window courts, and cannot take advantage of any vacant ground on an adjoining lot or ground required for any building on the same lot. One four-foot court will not serve two buildings. Dwellings may be built on the lot line when there are no required windows on the side next to the lot line, or when the proper court is provided for all required Page Fiftywindows on that side. Windows may be placed on the lot line if other windows are provided for each room having the proper area and proper window courts. Windows in bath and toilet rooms may, however, open into a vent shaft, at least 18 inches by 18 inches, either with or without walls. Such vent shaft must extend from the lower sill of the window through the roof and not be covered or roofed over in any manner, and where surrounded by four walls must be drained. No window can open onto a porch unless constructed as specified under ‘-Porches,” and unless the proper window court is also provided in front of porch. Height of Building above Ground: There must be a clear space of at least 12 inches between the lower edge of all floor joists and the ground under the same; except where there are masonry floors. Such space shall be enclosed and be provided with screen or lattice vents for each 25 feet around’the building. Windows Required: Every room must be provided with windows having a .otal area at least equal to one-eighth (j/g) of the floor area of the given room, except that bath and toilet room windows need not exceed an area of three (3) square feet. Windows shall be measured to outside of sash, but only four (4) inches of ash shall be included with French windows or doors, and be arranged so as to ■ ,pen unobstructedly in one-half of their area, and must open onto a window ourt (unobstructed ground area) as specified under “Location of Building.” Rooms, Size and Height of: Every room used or intended for use for sleeping purposes in any dwelling must have a floor area of at least eighty (80) sq. ft. Other rooms and screened-in sleeping porches, without windows, may be of any size. Any toilet room, or the space where a water-closet is located, must be thirty (30) inches in its least dimension. Every bedroom and every other room must have a finished ceiling height of .,ight (8) feet, except that attic and other rooms with sloping ceilings need be 8 feet in only one-half of their area; and except that closets, bath and toilet rooms leed be only 7 ft. 6 in. All porches projecting over required windows must have a finished ceiling height of 7 ft. Every bedroom must contain 630 cubic feet of air space, and if occupied by over two persons must contain an additional 500 cubic feet for each additional person. Porches: Roofed porches constructed over “required” windows cannot project more than seven (7) feet, and the side or end opposite the window must be open and unobstructed in 50% of its entire area; provided, however, that a porch ¡nay extend any distance over required windows if open and unobstructed on one side and one end, in case such side and end are 65% open for first story porches and 90% open for porches above the first story. All such porches must have a ceiling height of seven (7) feet, and abut on a street, yard or court, as specified under “Location of Building.” Basement Rooms: Basement rooms, for living or sleeping purposes, must conform to other requirements, and also have the ceilings thereof at least 7 ft. above adjoining ground level, and have all walls below ground waterproofed. Water-Closets: A separate water-closet must be provided for each family or apartment, located in the dwelling or on the same lot, and connected to a street sewer or regulation cesspool. Cooking and Sleeping in Same Room: It is unlawful to cook and sleep in the same room, and any room or space for cooking must be separated from any sleeping room by a tight partition with door. Construction: Every dwelling must be substantially constructed, and provide shelter against the elements. Penalty: The State Dwelling House Act of 1923 (which see) provides severe penalties for violation of the foregoing and all other provisions of said act. READ CAREFULLY BEFORE STARTING TO WORK. CONSTRUCTION OF 1, 1^, and 2-STORY FRAME AND PLASTERED BUILDINGS Note: For complete requirements see BUILDING ORDINANCE, as this specification covers only the more important features. Permits: A building permit is required for every new building, addition, Page Fifty-onealteration, moving, etc., whenever the entire work to be clone exceeds a value of $75. This’value must be ascertained by including all material of every description and all labor of any kind performed in making the said improvements. (This limit of $75 does not apply to the Fire Limits, where a permit is required if the value exceeds $20.) Further, permits are required by the State Apartment and Hotel Acts for any new work, or changes made, to any flat, apartment or hotel building, irrespective of the value thereof, and for the construction or alteration of exits, stairways, fire equipment, fire escapes, roof signs, etc. Permits must be obtained before work is started, and any person, firm or corporation violating this provision is liable to prosecution therefor. Plans and Specifications are required for residences costing over $7500; for flats; for house courts (3 or more families on one lot); for apartment houses; for hotels or lodging houses (6 or more rooms rented or intended to be rented out); for buildings where roofs span over 24 ft., or contain post and girder construction; for stores, mercantile buildings, factories, workshops, etc.; for any other construction work out of the ordinary; and for any alteration or addition to the above classes of buildings, with the exception of minor alterations and additions to private residences. Also, plans are required for all brick, hollow brick, concrete, stone, reinforced concrete, tile, concrete block, or other masonry construction; and this applie to parts or portions of buildings, additions or alterations, as well as to entire buildings. Two complete sets of plans and specifications must be filed, showing all construction, etc. One of these sets will be stamped and approved when perm¡:: is •issued, and this set must be kept on job at all times until work is completed. Foundations: For 1-story buildings the footings or base must be at least 12 inches in width, and at least 6 inches below the surface of the ground at all points, and the wall must be 6 inches in width across the top, if of concrete, and 8 inches in width, if of brick. For F/¿ and 2-story buildings the footings or base must be at least 16 inches in width, and at least 12 inches below the surface of the ground at all points, and the wall must be at least 8 inches in width across the top. Brick footings or rectangular concrete footings must be at least 5 inches in depth or thickness (this is not sufficient for masonry or heavy construction). The exterior foundation walls must be continuous,—pier construction not allowed. Piers may be used to support girders under first floor joists (spaced as given under “Girders”), but continuous walls should preferably be used under main bearing partitions, and are necessary in 1^ and 2-story construction unless very heavy girders are used. Hollow tile or hollow concrete blocks are not allowed for foundations. For mudsill foundations only (for 1-story buildings), see “Mudsills.” Foundation walls over 7 ft. in height must be increased in thickness 4 inches for each additional 7 feet, or fraction, of height, and the footings must be increased in proportion. Foundations are not required for 1-story buildings, or for ljT- and 2-story barns, sheds and outbuildings where the second floor is to be used for storage only, but such buildings must have a mudsill of the required size and material (see “Mudsills”); if masonry foundations are used, however, they must conform to the foregoing requirements for 1-story buildings. Concrete Mix: Must be not less than 1 part of Portland cement, 3 parts sand, and M/2 parts crushed rock; or may be 1 part Portland cement and 7 parts bank or river sand and gravel containing at least 50% by volume of rock over X inc^ in size. Sand shall not contain more than 5% of loam, silt and organic matter. No rock shall be used which will not pass through a 2)2׳-inch ring. Concrete shall be mixed twice dry and twice wet, and shall be mixed in a “Batch Mixer” where the required total for one building exceeds 100 cu. yds. Concrete shall be kept thoroughly wetted down. Mudsills: A mudsill is any plate or timber resting upon the ground, and used to support a building or portion thereof; or is the plate or timber placed upon a masonry foundation, the top of which is not more than 6 inches above the ground. Page Fifty-twoMudsills are required for all structures unless the masonry foundation supporting them extends over 6 inches above the gorund; in which case Oregon pine or Douglas fir plates may be used. Mudsills must be of redwood or Western red cedar, and be at least 2 in. by 6 in. or 3 in. by 4 in. in cross section. Mudsills for 1-story buildings, or for 1 and 2-story barns, private garages, sheds and outbuildings where the second floor is to be used for storage only, must be of the size and material above specified, and must rest directly on the ground; provided, however, that not to exceed one (1) course of dry brick only may be laid on the ground under such mudsill, or the mudsill may be laid on a cement or concrete floor. Basement and Cellar Walls: Must be at least 6 inches (8 inches if of brick or stone) in thickness for 1-story buildings, and 8 inches in thickness for lj¿- and 2-story buildings; and, if such walls are over 7 feet in height, they must be increased 4 inches for each additional 7 feet, or fraction, of height. All such walls must have footings as above specified for foundation. Girders and Underpinning: Girders supporting first floor joists must not be :;paced over 8 feet on centers, unless floor joints are cross bridged with 2 in. by in. bridging and joists are sufficiently strong to carry all floor, partition, roof and other loads coming upon them. For 1 p2- and 2-story buildings the girders under the first floor joists must be Luge enough to carry all first and second floor and roof loads, including concen-bated loads due to bearing partitions, coming upon them (Consult Bldg. Dept. or Inspector.) For 1-story dwellings, sheds and barns, of the usual construction, the girders !pporting floor joists shall be not over 8 feet on centers, except as above speci-i. d, and shall be supported by piers or posts spaced (span) not more than that given in the following table: SIZE OF GIRDERS SPAN OF GIRDERS OR SPACING OF SUPPORTS UNDER GIRDERS Joists Not Carrying Partition or Roof Loads Joists Carrying Partition or Roof Loads 3״x4" "0-׳4 (Not allowed) 4"x4" 5-0" 3-0" 4"x6" "0-׳7 5-0" Note: This table applies only to 1-story dwellings, sheds and barns, and for girders spaced not over 8 feet apart. Girders for other 1-story buildings must be designed to carry actual loads (Consult Bldg. Dept., or Inspector). Girders and beams, other than those specified, shall be designed for actual loads (including live and dead load). Underpinning, or cripple studding, for plates or girders supporting 1st floor joists, must be not over 2 ft. O. C. All underpinning shall be diagonally braced at corners, and at other points where necessary. Joists: 1st floor joists shall not be less than 2 in. by 6 in. for any building whatsoever (this includes sheds, barns, private garages, temporary buildings, etc.). Joists carrying cross partitions (those running at right angles to joists) must be designed for actual loads, or be supported directly under the partition with a girder, underpinning or dwarf walls. 2-in. by 6-in. joists not carrying partitions, or other loads except flooring, may span 10 feet if 24 inches on centers, or may span 12 feet if 16 inches on centers, but such joists shall be cross-bridged, as herein specified. 2nd floor joists shall not be less than 2 in. by 8 in. for any building, except that for private garages, sheds and barns, where the 2nd floor is used for storage only, 2-in. by 6-in. joists may be used if they do not carry partitions, or other loads than flooring, provided the spans are the same as given above for 1st floor Page Fifty-threejoists. All joists not carrying partitions, or other loads than flooring, may span 16 feet on centers, or may span 18 feet if 12 inches on centers. For plastered ceilings these spans should be reduced approximately 4 feet to avoid excessive deflection. (For other spacing, spans and loads, consult Bldg. Dept., or Inspector.) Joists supporting partitions running same direction as joists should be doubled. All joists must have one row of 2-in. by 3-in. cross-bridging for spans of 6 feet to 12 feet, and an additional row for each additional 12 feet, or fraction, over 12 feet of span; except that 1st floor joists, having supporting girders or walls every 8 feet or less need not be cross-bridged. No 1-in. by 3-in. bridging allowed. Solid bridging or blocking between 2nd floor joists, the full depth of the joists, must be provided at all bearing partitions and exterior walls. Joists shall not be cut or notched for plumbing pipes, electric conduits, or for any other purpose, unless joists of greater depth are used than would be required if joists were not cut. Studding: Studding for 1-story buildings shall be not less than 2 in. by 3 n. (1^8״x2%", if sized); and no such studding shall be over 12 feet between fl. or and ceiling or between lower and top plates. Studding for ljA- and 2-story buildings shall be not less than 2 in. by 4 n. (I%"x3%", if sized) for all exterior or outside walls, and for all bearing partitio is; 2-in. by 3-in. studding may be used for non-bearing partitions. Single plates at bottom and top may be used. Joists may be supported on 1-in. ribbons notched into studding, providing fire stops are used as herein specified. Diagonal bracing must be provided at all corners, and for each additional 25 feet of wall. Fire stops, 2 inches thick and the full width of the studding, must be provided halfway between floor and ceiling; and also at floor and ceiling unless 2-in. plates are used. Openings over 3 feet in width must be trussed. Roof Construction: Rafters must be not less than 2 in. by 3 in. (I^"x2f׳ g״, if sized) for any building. The span for 2-in. by 3-in. rafters, 32-in. O. C., must not exceed 6 feet; and bracing must be used where necessary to divide such rafters into 6-ft. spans. The span for 2-in. by 4-in. (15״8/׳x3^//, if sized) rafters, 32 in. O. C., shall not exceed 8 feet; and bracing must be used where necessary to divide such rafters into 8-ft. spans. Provided, however, that for single and double dwellings, private garages and sheds, 2-in. by 3-in. rafters, 32 in. O. C., may span 7 feet, and 2-in. by 4-in. rafters, 32 in. O. C., may span 9 feet, without bracing. Braces may be 1 in. by 4 in., or 1 in. by 6 in., if not over 5 feet long between nailing points; otherwide, 2-in. timber must be used. Braces must be placed so as to divide rafters into spans above mentioned. (For other spacing and spans consult Bldg. Dept. or Inspector.) Roof space (attic) between ceiling and roof must be divided with tight redwood or metal partitions, with automatic doors, if area of building exceeds 2,500 sq. ft. Stairways: For single and double dwellings, small sheds and private garages may be of any width and number desired. For all other buildings they must be at least 4 feet in width between finished walls, and be of the number and construction required by the BUILDING ORDINANCE and STATE LAWS. Chimneys: False or imitation chimneys cannot be constructed in connection with any false or brick fireplace, and when constructed separately therefrom, must be solidly closed at top, bottom and sides, and shall not have any vent flue of any kind therein. All other chimneys must have solid brick or artificial stone walls at least 4 inches thick, and for all buildings, other than dwellings and flats, such walls must be 8 inches thick or be lined with X in. thick terra cotta tile. Also chimneys for dwellings and flats, where oil is burned, must be 8 inches thick, or he lined. Page Fifty-fourChimneys must be built from the ground up, must not increase in size, and must not be supported on wood framing or brackets. Chimneys must not be offset or drawn over for more than 1-3 of their width or thickness. Unlined chimneys must be plastered from bottom to top on the inside, and plastered on the outside where not exposed to the weather. No smoke flue shall be less than 7 in. by 7 in., clear inside dimensions, and only one thimble or inlet is allowed to any such flue. For two inlets the flue must be 7 in. by 11 in. inside. Only two inlets are allowed to any flue, no matter how large. Thimbles must be in. terra cotta, and be surrounded with 4 inches of masonry brought flush with the furring or inside of studding. Thimbles must be 6 inches from any woodwork. Masonry chimneys must project 5 ft. above the roof or 2 ft. above the ridge, for pitched roofs, and 4 ft. above flat roofs; and must be braced if they project more than six times their least dimension. Terra cotta pipe chimneys may be erected on buildings outside of the Fire I istricts. Such chimneys must be erected on a bracket placed on the outside of the building so that the chimney will be completely exposed to the weather, e cept where it projects through the eaves or cornice, and through the wall of the 1 oilding. Such chimneys must be attached to the building with iron straps, and ; I portions of the pipe must be kept two inches away from all wood. Such (?־iimneys must be X in. terra cotta pipe, without checks or cracks, have six inches of concrete in the bottom of the pipe resting on bracket, and must project imree feet or more above the roof. Metal thimbles or flashing must be used at roof and wall to keep pipe two inches from wood. Fireplaces: Must have 8 inches of common brickwork for sides, back and top, ,,!־id have a 2-in. lining of firebrick, filled in solid with masonry to brickwork. For is grates and logs the lining and filling in may be omitted. An arch bar of 2jT i¡־!. by p2 in. or a 2-in. by 2-in. angle must be used to support brickwork over opening. The hearth must be 20 inches in width, measured from the rough face of the chimney breast, and be as long as the chimney breast. Hearths must be of masonry and be supported by a masonry trimmer arch. All wood framing for the construction of said trimmer arch must be entirely removed from under same after arch has set properly. False or imitation mantels must not have a reveal or be recessed into wall or partition more than 6 inches, and must not be constructed in connection with any chimney (either false or of masonry). Gas grates and gas logs must be installed in a fireplace and be vented as required for “Gas Water Heaters,” except that vent must be not less than 3 in. by 12 in. in size for concrete and galvanized iron pipes. Gas Water Heaters: No gas water heater shall be installed in any bedroom, bath or shower room, nor shall an old heater in any such room be replaced with a new heater. Such heaters shall not be placed nearer than 6 inches to any wood or wood lath and plaster, unless such wood or wood lath and plaster is fire-protected with three thicknesses of asbestos covered with galvanized iron or tin, or is protected with metal or button lath and plaster, and even then the heater must be kept 3 inches or more away from all walls other than those constructed of masonry. And if such heaters are placed in a closet, or alcove, all portions of same, including the floor, ceiling, walls, door and casings that come within 12 inches of the heater in any direction must be fire protected as above specified. Any such heater closet must also have an air inlet in the floor and an air outlet in the ceiling of at least 36 sq. in. Vent pipes for gas water heaters may be of terra cotta, concrete, galvanized iron, or be 7 in. by 7 in. brick flues, as specified herein under Chimneys. No vent pipe shall be less than 3 inches in diameter, nor shall it be less in size than the outlet on the heater. If vent pipe is of terra cotta or concrete pipe, the joints shall be securely cemented together, and the ends so constructed as to fit into each other. If vent pipe is of galvanized iron, it shall consist of two pipes, one to be inside of the other, except where the vent pipe is exposed to view in the room Page Fifty-fivewhere the heater stands. (This requires a double pipe in all attic and concealed spaces and underneath the building.) Such double pipes must be of such a size as to allow a X־in• &ir space between the two pipes, and they must be kept separated by metal lugs. The outer pipe or sleeve must be wrapped with three thicknesses of asbestos paper, and must not be nearer than 3 inches to any wood or wood lath and plaster. Vent pipes must go through the roof, and should be covered with a cap or cowl. 1 Gas water heaters shall not be vented into any smoke flue. Gas Heating Appliances: (See also Gas Water Heaters and Gas Furnaces.) Gas grates "and gas logs must be installed as specified under “Fireplaces." Any other gas heating appliance, for heating rooms, which is recessed into or attached to any wall, partition or floor, shall be constructed as required by the Building Ordinance, and shall be installed so that no portion of same, except the flanges, will be nearer than one inch to any woodwork; and between the flange and woodwork there shall be a j^-in. thick sheet of asbestos board. Also any woodwork within 12 inches of the gas burners shall be protected by %-in. thick asbestos, or the exterior of such heater may be covered with such asbestos; except that for heaters having a cast iron combustion chamber, with two air spaces between the chamber and the outer jacket, the %-in. asbestos may be reduced to 1-16 in. thick. Gas appliances shall not be vented into any smoke flue. Hot Air Furnaces: Hot air furnaces, other than gas furnaces, if set in brick, shall be covered by a layer of sheet iron supported by iron bars or angles, and on top of this sheet iron there shall be a layer of brick covered with at least two inches of sand, all constructed so as to make a perfectly tight top. Portable hot air furnaces, other than gas furnaces, shall be so installed that no portion of the furnace or the smoke pipe from same shall be nearer than two feet to any woodwork or wood lath and plaster, unless such woodwork or lath and plaster is protected by lX־in• metal furring strips covered with sheet metal, in which case the furnace or smoke pipe may come within 1 5 inches of said sheet metal. Where petroleum or other oil is used for fuel the furnace must be sunk in a concrete pit at least six inches below the floor, and said pit shall extend two feet beyond the furnace on all sides. No furnace, other than gas furnaces, shall be vented into a gas flue or vent. Every such furnace shall be set on a masonry floor. Gas Heating Furnaces: No gas furnace shall be set on a wood floor unless such floor be protected with brick, concrete, or with three thicknesses of asbestos paper covered with galvanized iron. Every gas heating furnace must be vented as specified under “Gas Water Heaters.” Gas Cooking Ranges: These are not required to be vented, but, if vented, they should preferably be provided with vents constructed as specified under “Gas Water Heaters.” Stresses Allowed in Timber Design: The stresses allowed in designing all wood or timber construction shall not exceed the following for Oregon pine or Douglas fir: Compression, parallel with grain................. 1200—20 L-D lbs. per sq. in. and must never exceed 1000 lbs. per sq. in. (See note.) Tension, on net section...................'................. 1500 lbs. per sq. in. Fibre stress or cross bending............................... 1620 lbs. per sq. in. Combined cross bending and tension or compression............1620 lbs. per sq. in. Compression, perpendicular to grain.......................... 400 lbs. per sq. in. Sheer, perpendicular to grain................................ 400 lbs. per sq. in. Sheer, parallel to grain..................................... 150 lbs. per sq. in. End bearing..................................................1350 lbs. per sq. in. For other woods than Oregon pine or Douglas fir see Building Ordinance. Designs must be for the full live loads required by the Building Ordinance, and for all dead loads. Note: L equals unsupported length in inches, and D equals least side in inches. Page Fifty-six,Suggestions for Financial Safety to Those Who Expect to Build One of the good effects of the Mechanic’s Lien Law is that it makes it urgent for the owner to insist upon dealing only with reputable, high-class contractors; because bills for construction labor and construction material can be filed against the property where used, and made a lien and foreclosed the same as a mortgage, if those bills are not paid by the contractor, even though you have previously paid the contractor in full. Suggestion No. 1. Investigate thoroughly your contractor's reputation and financial standing. You can get information through your bank, your lawyer or through first-class building material dealers. There are plenty of contractors with a reputation for good building, square dealing and prompt payment of bills. You need not take any chances. The law provides that you may demand from the contractor a bond to protect ;¿ourself, if there is any doubt in your mind about his responsibility. Such a bond can provide for faithful performance (satisfactory completion at the contract price, according to plans and specifications), and for the full payment of any mechanic’s liens which may lawfully be filed against the property. Do not make payments to contractors ahead of time, or violate the contract or bond in any way, without written permission of the bond surety. Suggestion No. 2. Have the contract and specifications in writing. You can get standard blank forms for building contracts at ten cents each, from the Building Material Dealers Credit Association, 815 Hill St., Los Angeles, California. Payments are made to the contractor as the work progresses, usually about as follows: The first 20% when the first floor joists are in place and rough lumber is on the job. The second 20% when the roof is on. The third 20% when the building is plastered. The fourth 20% when the building is completed. The fifth 20% after the time has elapsed for filing mechanic’s liens. Suggestion No. 3. Finance your building project completely before beginning work. If an owner will require a loan for this purpose, he should make advance arrangements with a responsible Loan Association, Mortgage Company or bank. They will require that the mortgage be recorded before the building contract is recorded, and before any work is done or any material delivered upon the property. They will require that the title be examined down to date, thus safeguarding the owner himself by revealing any hidden defects. You cannot get a building loan after the building is started. You must record your loan papers in advance, or wait until lien rights have lapsed after completion. It is advisable to establish definitely the boundary lines of your property by a survey, so that you are sure your building will be all on your own lot. To correct a mistake of a few inches has often been an enormous expense. Before you begin spending your money, be sure your building plans comply with the building laws and ordinances, and with the restrictions on your lot. Page Fifty-sevenSuggestion No. 4. Record your building contract. This is clone at the County Recorder's Office in the Court House and costs only one or two dollars. This is not absolutely necessary, but the law gives the original contractor sixty days to file mechanic’s lien, and material men and laborers thirty days, after notice of completion is recorded. If you are getting a building loan, the fact that you have recorded the contract legally establishes the name of the original contractor, so the Loan Company is willing to pay out the money thirty-five days after recording notice of completion, by getting a release from the original contractor. If you do not record the contract, then they may hold the money for over sixty days in order to be sure that nobody claiming to be an original contractor will file a lien within the sixty days allowed. Suggestion No. 5. Insure your building in full against fire during the construction period. It is good business also to insist that the contractor carry public liability and workingmen’s compensation insurance, since it strengthens his financial position. Suggestion No. 6. As you pay your contractor, have him furnish you wifi receipted bills (showing the address of your job) from every material dealer; also from sub-contractors, and from the dealers who supply sub-contractors materials. In this way you can make sure that the money you are paying him goes to settle the bills on your own work and not the bills against a building he is putting up for some other man. You can get a complete list of the items entering into construction, and the contractor can tell you from whom each item came; then you can check this with each dealer, or with the receipted bills showing the address of your building. Suggestion No. 7. File a notice of completion. First agree thoroughly with your contractor that the building is completed, which will constitute final acceptance of his construction work; then within ten days after completion, record a regular legal form of “notice of completion’’ in the County Recorder’s Office. Within thirty days after you do this, any material man, laborer or sub-contractor must file his lien or it will not hold against the property. It is thus a very simple thing to assure yourself that there are no unpaid claims on the building which will be held against your property. If you do not record a notice of completion, then ninety days are allowed after completion for filing liens. Completion dates from the last work done. The greatest financial instrument in the up-building of our communities has been the Mechanic’s Lien Law. It provides a quick, just and satisfactory basis for credit for any owner of good reputation. Without it the small owner could not construct a house or other building unless he had every dollar in the bank in advance covering the highest possible amount the building could cost. The contractor and the material dealer would insist upon legal protection with the red tape of orders upon loans and upon bank accounts and acceptances of the orders by the mortgagees and the banks. The Loan Company would be reluctant to make a building loan in advance of completion because the small owner would have no means of getting credit for additional material in case it cost more than anticipated to complete the house. In fact, building permits ivould probably be reduced one-fourth to one-half below present figures. As it is now, the Loan Company will advance money before completion, knowing that the owner can obtain credit on the basis of the security that his equity in the property offers through lien rights. A comparatively poor man can, therefore, build for himself a home representing a value of much more than the lot and the cash he has, because he can get a building loan in advance. Page Fifty-eightTHE RIGHT USE OF PAINT Good results in painting depend to a large extent upon the proper condition of the surface, correct application of the paint, and weather conditions. The surface to be painted should be thoroughly dry and free from dust, dirt or grease. All knots and pitchy places should be brushed with shellac shortly before being painted to prevent the pitch coming through the paint later. Nail holes and cracks should be filled with putty after the priming coat has been applied. Paint should be thoroughly mixed in the can and thoroughly brushed upon the surface in order to penetrate well into the pores of the material. If spread on loo thick, the paint is likely to crack and peel.. Don’t paint over old blistered surfaces without first scraping or burning off the old finish. For best results do not apply fresh paint on hot surfaces. Follow the shade. Three coats of paint should be used on all outside surfaces, one priming coat Allowed by two other coats. HELPFUL SUGGESTIONS TO REMOVE PAINT FROM WINDOWS To remove paint and varnish from window panes or other glass surfaces, use hot acid vinegar, or for a more simple method apply a good paint and varnish emover, to soften the paint, then scrape or wipe it off. It may also be scraped off with a safety razor blade without the application •f any softening agent. HOW TO GET PAINT OR VARNISH OUT OF CLOTHING Fresh paint, varnish or enamel may be removed from clothing or rugs with benzine, turpentine or gasoline. Saturate a cloth and rub the spot hard. It is a good plan, wherever possible, to place a piece of blotting paper under the spot— it will absorb the fluid and prevent it from spreading beyond the spot. For very fine garments it is generally best to use alcohol. If the paint or varnish has become dry, soften it with a good paint and varnish remover which will not injure clothing. After softening, remove the paint with one of the fluids indicated above. CARE OF THE HANDS Housewives will find it a good idea to rub a little vaseline on the hands before starting to paint. The vaseline keeps the paint or finishing material from penetrating the skin. After painting, any paint on the hands may be very quickly removed by washing the hands with turpentine, then washing with soap and water. In planning the new home, avoid freak features that are built just because they are odd and “different.” Most of these features are not worth the investment they represent. The curious holds one’s interest for a short time; then it becomes loathsome. Once up, a building stands for years, a monument to good taste—or to bad. A little careful thought and analysis given to the consideration of this angle, will perhaps save regrets and losses after the building is complete. Looking-glasses are quickly cleaned with a soft, wet chamois and may be easily polished with wads of tissue paper. We need not wait for the regular cleaning day, for at odd moments much may be accomplished. A number of mirrors can be cleaned in a half hour. If the silver is cleaned thoroughly every other week, it may be washed the off week with silver soap and polished with dry, soft cloths. A little piece of camphor gum put into the silver closet will help keep silver bright. Page Fifty-ninePAINTS For Every Purpose FOR downright service and protection—for decorative effect— for Uniform Quality and reliability—our Paints are established as the most truly economical. WALL PAPERS WINDOWSHADES LINOLEUMS ROOFING MATERIALS WALLBOARD IN THESE lines we excel. Direct factory representation, -־״ an efficient organization and a desire to serve, have made this establishment a place to be depended upon for the RIGHT kind of merchandise, responsible service and fair prices. SEND for our complete catalog and descriptive circulars. We maintain a free service bureau and if you are unable to locate a competent painter or decorator we will obtain one for you. DUNN PAINT CO. 820 South San Pedro St. PHONES: 877-378 and 821-681 “An Established Refutation For Quality and Fair Dealing" Page SixtyPAINTING SUGGESTIONS HOW TO FIGURE PAINT REQUIRED It is impossible to estimate exactly the amount of paint required, allowance having to be made for a varying number of openings and projections, also for the difference in absorption of various surfaces, as well as how thick or thin the paint is applied. A gallon of good house paint, however, will cover approximately 300 to 350 square feet of surface with two coats. Measure the distance around the house, multiply it by the average height of the walls. This total, divided by 350, will give the number of gallons required for the body of the house. Approximately one-sixth as much will be needed for the cornices and trimmings of the building. Porch paint will cover from 80 to 90 square feet of surface to the quart, two coats. Shingle stain will cover about 150 square feet of shingled surface with one brush coat. Good varnish will cover 550 square feet of surface, one coat. If you use two three coats, divide 550 by number of coats to ascertain covering capacity. Flat Wall Paint will cover 300 square feet of walls (sand finished) two coats, or 200 square feet three coats. If smooth, hard finish, it will cover 350 square feet with two coats or 250 square feet with three coats. Inside floor paint will cover 250 square feet, two coats. VARNISHING LINOLEUM FLOORS Linoleum floors should be varnished occasionally to protect them from destructive wear and prevent effacement of the printed design. Varnish makes either printed or inlaid linoleum much easier to clean; going over it with a mop or damp cloth being sufficient. It is a very simple matter to varnish linoleum and takes but little time. Clean first with soap and water, then wipe. When dry, apply one or two coats of Linoleum Varnish, allowing 48 hours for drying after each coat. VARNISHING OVER OLD SURFACES To refinish old surfaces, either woodwork, floors or furniture that is in fairly good condition, sandpaper thoroughly to remove all rough, uneven spots; then apply two coats of varnish, sanding the first coat lightly. The last coat may be left glossy or rubbed to a dull finish as desired. If you want to change the color or finish entirely, it will be necessary either to clean off all the old finish and start anew, or cover the old finish with a solid color and build the new finish colors upon this. Never apply varnish to any but clean surfaces and only with a clean brush. ENAMELING The process of enameling any surface consists first of building up the foundation with under-coaters and second of applying the enamel finishing coats. Of these, the first is even more important than the second, for unless a perfect foundation is provided to completely hide the wood surface, the effect will be disastrous. Enamel is almost transparent; it does cover. Its purpose is to provide the hard, smooth surface and lustre. For best results, the surface should be given four coats of under-coating and one of enamel. Each coat should be carefully smoothed with 00 sandpaper to remove any brush marks and put the surface in condition for the following coats, never apply one coat until the preceding one is thoroughly dry. Page Sixty-oneBUILDING FOR PROTECTION Against Water, Weather and Fire Shelter is, and always has been, a fundamental need of man. In essential importance, it is ranked only by the hunger instinct. Man s desire for comfort and permanency—to say nothing of attractiveness—has resulted in the wonder buildings which we enjoy today. We are still engaged, however, in the fight to exclude the natural elements from our homes—Water, Cold, Heat, Wind and Fire—which would deprive us of our comfort and influence our efficiency. Careful planning and construction may eliminate these factors without interfering in any way with the convenience or attractiveness of the dwelling. Care should be taken to secure good drainage from the house in all directions. This is doubly essential when basements are constructed. The basement level must also be well above that of the sewer to permit proper drainage. Foundation footings should be widened and proportioned in accordance with the bearing capacity of the ground, to prevent settling and cracking of walls t id plaster. The entire outside of the foundation walls and footings should be coated with two or more coats of good asphalt or other water-proofing material, to prevent dampness and moisture penetrating to the basement. Any sills or wooden supports coming in contact with soil or moisture should be constructed of redwood or some other decay-resisting wood, or thoroughly treated with preservative. Many roofs leak because their pitch or slope is not sufficient for the material used. For each foot of width of the building, a minimum slope of two inches for sheet metal, two to four inches for composition, six inches for wood shingles, and eight inches for slate or clay tile, is required. Proper flashings must also be provided around chimneys, dormers and angles of the roof, where leaks most commonly occur. Sub-floors should be laid close together, and preferably the opposite way from which the flooring runs. It may also be laid diagonally. This adds to the strength and rigidity of the entire house. While the exterior walls may or may not be built of fire-proof materials, the inside partitions, floors and ceilings are almost always framed in wood. A little precaution that adds but a trifle to the cost of construction is the matter of fire stopping. These walls are almost always left with open spaces between the studdings, which in case of fire in the basement or lower part of the house, act as flues, carrying the sparks and flames up to the attic, enveloping the entire house in the blaze. The simple expedient of shutting up these flues—stopping these spaces—would help to prevent the spread of fire, should one occur. It would also obstruct the passage of mice or vermin. Care should be taken to keep wooden joists or supports at least two inches from chimneys, smoke flues or fireplaces. Asbestos, mineral wool or mortar should be placed between the wooden members and the danger points. A little judgment in the selection of weather-resisting material for exterior use will go a long way towards preventing too rapid deterioration of the house. Wooden surfaces should be promptly primed and painted, and repainted at regular intervals as protection against the ravages of the weather. Page Sixty-twoSELECTING THE RIGHT MATERIALS Economy in buying building materials does not mean parsimony or stinginess, but rather making everything count to its full percentage of usefulness. Knowing exactly what kind of lumber to buy, for instance, may add 100% to the value of your purchase—whether you buy a couple of boards, a truck load or a carload. This means nothing more or less than using the ■right wood in the right place, based upon scientific information as to the strength and fitness of the various kinds for specific uses. Every builder knows that certain kinds of material are better suited for certain purposes than others. In some places cheaper grades will do the work ■ ully as well as the more expensive ones; in other places it is the part of economy to use the better grades because they last longer or look better. Three Uses for Lumber In building a house, lumber must be selected for three totally different unctions. First, there is the framework—which requires strength above all else. Then the outside finish—demanding durability under exposure to the weather. And the inside finish—where the need is for a wood properly seasoned and prepared, that will “stay put,’’ and that will be attractive when stained, or will ,ake and hold paint or enamel. A little attention given to the selection of the kind or grade of material to be used will mean a great deal in satisfaction and ultimate economy. It has been only in recent years that much thought has been given to this matter of selection of lumber to fit the use to which it shall be put. In the earlier days the use of lumber was confined largely to one or two kinds, depending upon the proximity of the source of supply—the forest. One species was often used for every purpose of construction from the mudsills and framing to flooring and finishing lumber. This method resulted in a great deal of waste, since the better grades were used indiscriminately for ordinary purposes of construction. Today the scarcity of better grades and their high cost make it necessary for the builder to use cheaper materials whenever possible. The forests do not produce all perfect trees. Nor is it economy to demand clear lumber for all purposes. Sound knots in a board do not in any way impair its strength or usefulness for certain purposes; in other places it might cause considerable damage by weakening a supporting timber. Much of the waste connected with the use of lumber in the past has been caused by its misuse, rather than from any inherent disadvantage in the use of wood construction. Many kinds and grades of materials have been used for purposes for which they were not at all fitted. Today we know which kinds of wood will last longest when exposed to the weather or in contact with the soil or moisture; which are the strongest, toughest or most brittle; how much weight they will bear, etc. We know just about how each species of wood will act under given conditions of service. No attempt is made to name or describe all the kinds of wood used. A few of the principal ones only are mentioned. The characteristics are those of general species, for in the families to which these woods belong are sometimes brothers, sisters and cousins, as it were, who differ only in some small respect from one another. Page Sixty-threeSELECTING THE RIGHT MATERIALS-Continued Douglas Fir At this time there is more lumber cut from Douglas Fir each year than from any other species. This timber is found principally in the states of Oregon and Washington, where it ordinarily reaches a height of 180 to 190 feet and a diameter of 3 to 6 feet. The wood of the Douglas Fir, sometimes called Oregon Pine, varies considerably in character and color, from fairly soft, fine-grained in old, slow-growth trees to hard, coarse-grained, reddish-brown in fast-growing timber. It is readily distinguished by its brownish color. This wood is strong, tough, resilient, straight-grained, resinous and comparatively light. It holds nails firmly and is fairly durable in contact with soil. It is used extensively throughout the country for ordinary building purposes. Owing to the size of this timber, the logs contain a high percentage of clear lumber which adapts this wood for many purposes. Douglas Fir is used quite extensively in the manufacture of sash, doors and interior millwork, and for tanks and silos. When slash cut, this wood offers an attractive grain for interior woodwork that is to be stained or varnished. This wood is not the best, however, for use in contact with extreme heat or dry atmosphere. It is inclined to warp, twist and crack when exposed to the sun and moisture. In its proper place, it is one of the most economical woods to use for ordinary construction work. Douglas Fir, particularly in the “vertical grain" or “quarter-sawn," makes fine flooring material. The uniformity of color gives the floor a pleasing appearance; the ease with which it is nailed appeals to carpenters; its even texture gives it smooth wearing qualities; its ability to absorb oils and to take and retain paint or stain adds to its value; and the fact that it neither shrinks nor swells materially, regardless of moisture conditions, adds greatly to its popularity and value. Yellow Pine The only other wood to enter into active rivalry with Douglas Fir in adaptability for many purposes and for general use throughout the country is the Southern or Yellow Pine. Ten years ago there was more of this wood manufactured and used than any other. The timber supplies of the South, however, are fast being depleted, leaving the only great remaining timber area in the Pacific Northwest. Yellow Pine is scarcely used at all in California. In the more easterly states, however, it has a wide use. It is readily distinguished by its color—yellow—hence its name. Strong, heavy and quite durable, it is in great demand for construction purposes. Yellow Pine makes fine flooring and interior woodwork which is to be stained or varnished. Redwood This is California's own wood, being found almost exclusively along the northern sea coast of this state. Californians quite naturally, therefore, make wide use of this particular kind of wood. This is not due entirely to a loyalty for home products, for the wood is really exceptionally serviceable for certain purposes of construction. The texture of the Redwood is very soft and fine grained. It is exceedingly brittle, d he color is somewhere between purple and reddish-brown. Redwood is noted for its durability in contact with moisture and soil. It also resists fire to a remarkable degree. It is used extensively for tanks, silos, wood pipe, etc., and for mud sills under buildings. Sun and moisture have little effect on Redwood. For this reason it is used for outside work, such as siding, shingled, trimming, pergolas and lattice work. Page Sixty-fourSELECTING THE RIGHT MATERIALS-־־Continued White Pine This wood has always been in great demand because of its soft, white fibre and grain. It does not warp or twist, swell or shrink, even after years of exposure to the elements. Instances have been known where White Pine has endured exposure for more than two hundred years without paint. The Fairbanks House at Dedham, Mass., built in 1636, is the oldest house now standing in America in practically its original condition, with the possible exception of the shell and adobe houses of Florida and California. Because White Pine can be exposed to sun and moisture without shrinking or warping, it is very desirable for use for the outside covering of buildings. It makes excellent material for the manufacture of windows and doors, shelves, drain-boards, and a hundred other purposes requiring a soft, easily worked and durable wood. Most of our laths, matches and toothpicks are made from White Pine. The wood is of a very pale reddish-yellow, soft, very light but fairly tough, and is easily worked. These properties commend it for patterns and model work. It n ;ils readily, does not split and takes paint well. Hemlock This wood is used for many of the ordinary purposes of construction in the territory tributary to its forest. While it is satisfactory for some uses, it has certain limitations that make its use for other purposes entirely impractical. Hemlock is neither very strong nor durable. It splits and twists easily when e. posed to the weather. There is a species of Hemlock, produced in the Western States, however, that partakes of some of the good qualities of Douglas Fir. Because of the absence of resin and odor, and because of its light weight, this wood is valuable for use in making boxes and shipping containers. Western Red Cedar One of the distinguishing features of this wood is the uniform straight grain, the ease with which it splits, and its pale brown color. The best known use of Western Red Cedar is for shingles. Nearly 80% of all shingles made in the United States are from this wood and come from Washington and Oregon. Although extremely brittle, this wood is very durable under exposure to the elements, and is therefore used almost exclusively for the outside of buildings— for siding and shingles. Oak White Oak is at present preferred for most purposes for which oak is now employed. It is tough, durable and susceptible of high finish, making it desirable for furniture, flooring and interior finishing. It is somewhat difficult to nail without splitting, however, and it is often necessary to drill the holes for nailing. Once the oak is thoroughly seasoned, there is little danger of its warping or cracking. Red Oak is usually considered inferior to the White Oak, but the scarcity of the latter has made its use quite general. It is much darker in color, and not quite so tough, since it grows more rapidly than any other oak. Maple This wood is characterized by its appearance, the grain often taking the form of “bird’s-eye,” “blister” and “curly” distortions; and its hard, fine, compact texture. The wood is tough and durable, particularly when thoroughly seasoned, and of a light, ivory-white color. Particularly desirable for furniture, flooring and interior finishing. In spite of its hardness, Maple is quite easily worked. It takes a high polish Page Sixty-JiveYour Home! When the evening twilight softly falls, And the work of the day is o’er, And the loved ones greet you in fond embrace, As you enter your own home door; Then you pull your favorite chair up close To the warmth of the fire’s bright beams And under the spell of your cozy nest You lose yourself in dreams. And you dream of the little home you planned, With the roses round the door, And the girl of your heart close by your side, On love’s entrancing shore. Then isn’t it sweet to wake and find— As you always love to do— That you sit in that little home you planned, And your dream of dreams is true? When planning your home, plan to build with GOOD Lumber, making your dream a permanent reality. E. K. WOOD LUMBER COMPANY Los Angeles—Oakland—Huntington Beach Santa Ana—San Pedro Los Angeles Office 310 Pacific Finance Bldg. Phone 874-131 Page Sixty-sixHOW TO FIGURE LUMBER The following table gives the number of feet in each piece of lumber of the common standard sizes: Length 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 Number of Feet in each Piece 1 x 3 2 2% 3 3% 4 4% 5 6 1 x 4 2% 3% 4 4% 3% 6 6% 8 2x3) 1x6/ 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 2x4 1 1x8/ 5% 6% 8 9% 10% 12 13% 16 1 x 10 6% 8% 10 11% 13% 15 16% 20 2x6 1 1 x 12/ 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 4x4 ) 2x8 / 10% 13% 16 18% 21% 24 26% 32 2 x 10 13% 16% 20 23% 26% 30 33% 40 4x6 ) 2 x 12/ 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 48 6x6 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 72 From this you can determine how many feet of lumber there are in the quantities you want. For instance: 10 — 2x4 — 14. Scale above shows 9^ feet in each 10 x 9% — total feet. 93 feet at.........per thousand —...........Total Cost. HOW TO FIGURE SHINGLES Find the square surface area of the roof, which is determined by multiplying the length of the roof by the length of the rafters, as: 30 feet (length of roof) x 12 feet (length of rafter)—360 square feet. Multiply this by TWO if a two-way roof, which makes a total of 720 square feet. In each bunch of shingles there are 250 standard shingles, averaging 4 inches in width. FOUR of these bunches make a THOUSAND. The number of shingles required varies according to the inches laid “to the weather.” 1,000 shingles will cover 100 feet laid 4 inches to weather. 1,000 shingles will cover 111 feet laid 4% inches to weather. 1,000 shingles will cover 125 feet laid 5 inches to weather. Another method of determining the number of shingles required is to multiply the total square feet, as: 720 feet (above) x 10 when laid 4 inches to weather 720 feet x 9 when laid 4% inches to weather. 720 feet x 8 when laid 5 inches to weather 4% inches to the weather is the usual method of laying. 720 square feet x 9 (see rule above)—6,480 shingles. 6,480 -F- 250 (No. in bunch) = 26 bunches required. Page Sixty-sevenUSEFUL BUILDING INFORMATION New Shingle Pack A new method of packing shingles has recently been adapted by many shingle manufacturers, in which just sufficient shingles to cover 25 square feet are put in each bunch. If laid according to the standard usage (4j׳£ inches to weather) 1,000 shingles will cover just exactly 100 square feet. This method makes it much easier to figure the number of shingles needed for any particular job. How to Figure Nails The builder is always interested in knowing how many nails it takes for certain work. To case and hang a door....................lib, 8d. finish For dimension framing.................lOlbs per 1,000 feet For sheathing, flooring, etc..........153bs per 1,000 feet For shingles...............................41bs per 1,000 For lathing................................lOlbs per 1,000 How to Figure Length of Rafters Here is a simple rule for determining the length of rafters to be used for different widths of buildings: If Yz pitch, multiply the span of the building by 6—add the projection. For instance: Supposing your building is 14 feet across. Multiply 14 x 6, which makes 84—which in this instance means 8 feet and 4 inches. Add the projection, which is usually about a foot, and you have 9 feet and 4 inches, or it will require a 10-foot piece. Rule for determining length of rafters: For Y pitch, multiply span by 6, add projection. For y2 pitch, multiply span by 7, add projection. For X pitch, multiply span by 5X> add projection. X pitch is raised one-fourth as high as entire span. Y pitch is raised one-third as high as entire span. Y pitch is raised one-half as high as entire span. How to Figure Cement For ordinary cement work, the mixture should be in the proportions of one part of cement to five or six of sand and gravel. For surfacing, where it will be subjected to hard wear, make the top coat 2 to 1. In figuring large jobs of cement work, the usual way is to count a bag of cement as a cubic foot. How Much Does Lumber Weigh? Ordinary dry lumber weighs from 2 to 2jT pounds to the board foot. If wet, it will probably weigh 3 pounds. Shingles weigh about 40 pounds to the bundle, and lath about 20 pounds to the bundle of 50. Plaster Board weighs about a pound to the square foot. How to Figure Plaster One bag of plaster (95 pounds) mixed with sand in the proper proportions, will cover from 8 to 10 square yards—70 to 90 square feet—on lathed walls. In estimating, do not deduct for openings. How to Figure Lath It requires 15 lath to the square yard of wall and ceiling surface, in estimating do not deduct for doors or windows, as the wastage in cutting around these makes up for the material not actually used. Page Sixty-eightUSEFUL BUILDING INFORMATION “Material Required to Cover Certain Space" Many people think that if they have a space 10 feet x 10 feet to cover with flooring 100 feet will be needed. They order this amount. They run short about one-fourth. They sometimes accuse the lumberman of “short-changing" them. As a matter of fact, if they were using 4-inch flooring they should have ordered 125 feet to cover this space. For a 4-inch flooring board, when dressed and grooved, actually lays only 3X inches. When estimating the amount of material required to cover a certain space, add the following percentages to the square feet to be covered: To 1 x 4 flooring, add % to square area. To 1 x 3 flooring, add to square area. To 1 x 6 flooring, add 1-5 to square area. To 1 x 6 drop siding, add 1-5 to square area. To 1 x 6 lap siding laid 4j4 inches to weather, add X to square area. To 1 x 8 ship lap, add 1-7 to square area. To common boards rough on edges, add nothing. Use of Cement In the making of concrete, four materials are necessary: (1) Cement; (2) Sand; (3) Gravel or Crushed Rock; and (4) Water. These, mixed together in the proper proportion, and thoroughly seasoned, make an unusually strong and durable construction material, one that in many respects has proven superior to umber, brick or other materials in ordinary building work. Moreover, it is fireproof and easy to use. Prior to its use, cement must be kept in a dry place. It absorbs moisture from the atmosphere with great readiness, and when kept in a damp place, soon becomes lumpy or even a solid mass. In this condition it is useless and should be thrown away. Sand and rock used in making concrete must be clean and free from dirt and foreign substances, in order to utilize to the fullest extent the adhesive properties of the cement. Upon the addition of water to the dry cement mixture, it becomes soft and sticky, and will remain so for about one-half hour, after which it begins to harden or “set." To disturb the concrete after this initial set has started means a decided loss of strength, while to disturb it after the set is well under way means to destroy the concrete. It should be remembered, therefore, that concrete mixtures must be used and placed in position within 20 or 30 minutes from the time it is first wet. For four or five days the concrete should be kept moist, and protected from hot sun. Drying too rapidly causes the concrete to become brittle and crumby. The usual proportion of materials for ordinary work is 1:2:4—that is, one part of cement; two parts of sand; four parts of gravel of crushed stone. This is used for reinforced concrete floors, beams and columns, large engine foundations, building walls and sidewalk bases. Where unusual strength is required, the proportion of 1:2:3 is advisable. Also, if the sand is very fine, the proportion of cement should be increased 10 or 15 percent. For the top coat of floors or sidewalks, and for mortar, etc., a mixture of 1:2 —one part of cement to two parts of fine, clean sand—is advisable. This mixture must be thoroughly “floated” with a wooden trowel until the setting process begins. It can then be trowelled smooth or allowed to remain with a rough finish. One of the fundamental requirements of good concrete is thorough and careful mixing of the ingredients. Without this, even a strong mixture will be weak and undependable. Page Sixty-nineYou never saw a Wooden Chimney FROM the beginning of time chimneys have been built of brick—because brick is the one building material that is totally unaffected by fire. Furthermore, brick is absolutely immune to the ravages of time or the corrosion of the elements. Because it is built of a mult iple of small units, a brick structure absorbs the shock of vibration and impact when less enduring construction cracks and falls. The scene of the recent Berkeley fire is today marked by a forest of brick chimneys, piers and walls—standing amid the charred ruins of less resisting materials. It is precisely these virtues of brick in emergencies that make brick the one ideal material in all types of building—from the huge office structure to the modest bungalow. When you build you owe it to yourself to learn the facts about brick—consult a reputable brick manufacturer—let him tell you of the advantages, the economies and the possibilities of brick—let him prove to you that you can build with brick and still keep within your appropriation. BUILD with BRICK Safety — Beauty — Economy — Permanence California Common Brick Manufacturers Association 342 Douglas Bldg., Los Angeles Page SeventyHOMES OF BRICK By Phillip J. Meany A beautiful house is not necessarily a home. A home can be found only in a house that is also substantial and affords protection to the family living within its walls. Brick combines both of these essentials to a much greater extent than does any other building material. Brick affords the architect full play in designing attractive and “homey” residences, both modest and pretentious. Houses have been erected throughout California in types particularly adapted to brick construction, and in every instance they have aroused favorable comment by everyone. Brick houses, in addition to lending themselves to such a great variety of attractive styles of architecture, immediately provide a home atmosphere of the sort that is found in houses which have been lived in for generations. Happily for the beauty and permanence of our residential sections, brick is b oming recognized as the most economical building material. For brick is absolutely fireproof. That is why it is used to extensively for building chimneys and fireplaces. There need be no fear of fire when a house is built of brick. A house built of brick is a safe investment which will last for more than a century. Brick houses stand the test of time and the strain of climatic changes. There is no depreciation whatsoever on a brick house during the first five years. After that the rate of depreciation is but 1% a year. There is an erroneous impression that brick is more expensive than other building materials. The initial cost of building a brick house is slightly higher than a house of cheaper material, but the savings afforded by a brick house more than overbalance the increased initial cost. There are no repairs on a brick house, and such a home eliminates also the expensive necessity of painting. The rental and resale prices on brick houses are considerably higher than those on houses of other types of construction. The fire resistance and endurance of brick are recognized by the insurance companies, and a brick house, therefore, secures a lower rate than a house built of inflammable or less substantial materials. It is a pleasure to live in a brick house in any climate, for it adjusts itself to summer weather, keeping cool on the warmest days, and in winter is exceptionally easy to heat. The strong walls retain the heat from fuel that is burned indoors in winter and in summer are equally successful in keeping the sun s heat from penetrating and making the rooms uncomfortable. Frequently the most distressing thing about a house after it is built is that a door or a window is found to be not so convenient as it seemed on the plans. Making an alteration in the wall of a house is usually an expensive, difficult, and unsatisfactory thing to do. But in a brick house it is a simple matter to fill in a door or a window or make a new door or window in another place in the wall, and it is not expensive. There is a best way to do everything. When you build with brick, you select the best way. A brick house is economical, beautiful, adaptable, fireproof, and is in every way a safe and wise investment which can be continually enjoyed. Page Seventy-oneCORNELIUS & BL AISDELL Designers and Builders of Beautiful Homes A new home, to be satisfactory, must fulfil the needs and expectations of the family for which it is built. The job of the builder is to translate the “dream home’’ into one built of wood and stone or brick that satisfies in every detail the requirements of the owners. Surely this is no small task. If you would have a beautiful and satisfactory home, choose carefully the men who would build it. “A Hammer Used in the Right Way Worketh Wonders” Our experience in the building business enables us to offer worthwhile suggestions and effect economies to your advantage. An interview will prove our helpfulness and place you under no obligation. OFFICE: Corner Wilshire Boulevard and Canon Drive TELEPHONE: 559-285 Page Seventy-twoA Distinctive Two-Story Home This plan shows not only a home that is built and arranged for comfortable living, but indicates in detail the electrical wiring layout that makes possible all the labor-saving and comfort-creating devices incorporated into this home. Note particularly the use of wall switches to control the lights in all the rooms, including porch, den, service porch and bathroom; the numerous convenience outlets for connecting electrical appliances in all rooms; the switch near the kitchen controlling the electric lights in the tennis courts; and the burglar lighting system, lighting ceiling lamps throughout the first and second floors, controlled from bed-side switches in each of the principal sleeping rooms. It would be difficult indeed to add any features to this elegantly constructed home. Approximate cost oj construction, $24,000.The Last Touch of Beauty -IN YOUR FINE NEW HOME: WINDOW SHADES OF INDIVIDUAL BEAUTY AND DISTINCTION —AND, of Course, FROM SWEM, The Shade Man! HOW do your windows appear from the out-side? That’s the question! Regardless of how beautiful your windows may be on the inside of the rooms, the outside view may create an offsetting effect to visitors or passersby. Inasmuch as the Window Shades form the background for your drapes, they are the most conspicuous elements in the room and the center of your artistic arrangement. The Shades are the last articles to complete the new home, but of utmost importance. EXCLUSIVE DESIGNS; DURABLE; DEPENDABLE PERMANENCE OF COLOR. 1519 South Grand Avenue Phone 281-371 The Shade Man Page Seventy-fourA Serviceable Six-Room Home This charming little brick home illustrates well the elegance of simplicity, for there is nothing elaborate or complicated in its design. Yet it is not difficult to produce a phasing wall surface by a variation in the brick work. Depreciation is practically nil in a home of brick. It is as sound in twenty years as the day it was built. Where the materials are readily accessible, there is no reason why homes should not be built of this substantial product. Perhaps you've got into the habit of thinking that a brick house, however desirable it might be, is too costly for your purse, but this is largely a misconception. Comparison of costs, especially with a view to ultimate costs, shows the fallacy of this idea. A glance at the floor plan of this home shows equal care in serviceable arrangement. A large comfortable living room, a projecting dining room, a convenient kitchen, two large bedrooms connected by hallway and bath. Note the roomy closet provided in the front bedroom. Built-in features abound, making this home particularly attractive to those seeking a practical and serviceable home. The approximate cost of construction of this home would be $6,000.00.Your Neio Home Needs Good Aivnings— You will find that good awnings will not only add a much appreciated touch of distinction to your home exterior, but will afford a much needed all-weather protection—winter, spring, summer and autumn. More than that, they add materially to the value of the home—not only in your own eyes but in the eyes of the prospective purchaser. Always a good point to remember in the event that you ever plan to sell. In the minds of discriminating homebuilders throughout Southern California, Swanfeldt Awnings have come to be identified with the very ultimate in awning quality and awning style. Whether for the windows, for the patio, for the terrace or for the sleeping porch—whether for the bungalow or for the mansion, Swanfeldt Awnings are available in just the design and color that will harmonize best with the particular style of architecture you have in mind. Phone for our representative who will gladly advise with you as to the Swanfeldt Awnings most applicable for your new home. Swanfeldt Awnings 224 SO. MAIN STREET LOS ANGELES Long Beach Branch Phone 870-859 Pasadena Branch 237 East 4th Street 39 East Union St. 629-44 Fair Oaks 2146 Page Seventy-sixA Unique Six-Room Home This home, with its suggestions of the Mission type of architecture in its arched windows and doorways and tiled roof, breathes an air of variety and distinction that is decidedly refreshing. And yet it is neither large nor expensive. The arrangement of the rooms in relation to each other and the lay of the lot is ideal. Two bedrooms are provided, with additional sleeping facilities in the den, if needed. A large, comfortable living room, with a cozy fireplace at one end, offers an enticing spot for the social activities of the family. And on pleasant afternoons there is the cool shadiness of the cement terrace to attract one out of doors. A cement terrace opens off the driveway, directly to the dining room. The kitchen is conveniently arranged, with breakfast nook, and built-in features. Spacious closets and linen drawers are provided in the hall and bedrooms. This delightful home can be built for perhaps a trifle less than $6,000.00.---the Ideal Stucco --for Your New Home HOMEBUILDERS who during the past six years have used Hoffite Stucco, will ALL tell you the same story. HOFFITE STUCCO is manufactured entirely of mineral subjects, principally asbestos and magnesite. It does not contain cement, lime, gypsum or plaster of Paris. It sets compact and dense, becom-ing hard as granite. Moisture cannot 100% SATISFACTION penetrate Hoffite. It is also more durable than any other stucco. Neither frost, water, fire, nor time will destroy this wonderful product. You may choose from various natural-colored dashes. HOFFITE FLOORING! OSTS little more than good linoleum or rooms—warm, resilient, crack-proof, easy hardwood, less than marble or tile, and to keep clean. Hoffite Flooring should not is superior in many instances. Any color be overlooked in your home plans. Write desired. It is ideal for kitchens and bath- for pamphlets. Manufactured by HOFF MAGNESITE COMPANY Los Angeles Factory: 2191 51st Street MILLER & ALF GENERAL AGENTS Los Angeles Branch: 1040 So. Broadway Phone 878-531 Home Pictured on Page 79 Finished in Hoffite Stucco Page Seventy-eightAn Interesting Triplex House This three-apartment house will appeal to the home builder who wants an income-pi oducing property. The first floor is divided equally between two five-room apartments, while the second floor contains one four-room plan. The arrangement of the rooms is ideal. Note the abundance of closet and storage space along the hallways on first floor. A practical investment that will pay good dividends. Approximate cost of construction, $15,000.00.A Cozy Six-Room Home Building a home means creating a spot around which will center the chief events of your life and the lives of your children. In order to be entirely satisfactory, that home should be built especially for you—no “second-hand” house ever fills the need like one that is built just exactly as you want it. This home is one that meets the requirements of the average family. The kitchen, dining room and living room are arranged on one side of the house—preferably the one with the best outlook or aspect—while the two bedrooms, sleeping porch and bath are conveniently arranged on the other half of the house. Abundant provision has been made for the storage of clothing, linen and household articles in closets and drawers—something every housekeeper will fully appreciate. A real kitchen porch has been provided, one that is roomy enough to serve as a laundry if desired. Stationary tubs are located here. There is also sufficient space for an electric washer and other devices in daily use. Just off the kitchen is a cozy breakfast nook, where many of the light lunches and breakfasts are served, eliminating the necessity of setting a formal dining service. Special attention has been given to the kitchen and bathroom finishing and the plumbing fixtures, making these two spots unusually attractive. Hardwood floors throughout. Walls are prettily finished. In every respect a most delightful and complete home. Approximate cost of construction, $6,000.00A 4 ATTRACTIVE FIVE-ROOM BUNGALOW The typical California Bungalow will always be a favorite with many people. This home, with a suggestion of the Swiss chalet in the roof lines, has a charm of its own. You really need to visit this home to appreciate the attractive features embodied in its construction. Facing the west, as this home does, the open porch provides a comfortable place to read or visit on a warm summer after noon. The living room is roomy and comfortable, with plenty of light and ventilation. The big fireplace at the end of the room adds a touch of warmth whether the fire is lit or not. French doors open from the front porch to both the living and dining rooms. The dining room has built-in features that appeal to every housewife. Two bedrooms are arranged with ample closets, and the bathroom is on the passageway between the bedrooms and the kitchen. The kitchen is planned to make housework easy. Laundry tubs and a cooler are features of the screen porch. Approximate cost oj construction, \V,500.—an investment in comfort which no homebuilder should overlook— Figure 1—Central Plant. Can be made any size required. SIMPLE DURABLE ODORLESS Controls can be Electric, Thermostatic or Manual The Perfection Gas Furnace The Standard for Eighteen Years Guaranteed for Five Years A Furnace That Is All Its Name Implies L. H. FREYMUTH, Jr. Patentee and Manufacturer 311 East Pico Los Angeles Phone 288-845 Home Illustrated on Page 83 Heated by Perfection Unit System Page Eighty-twoA Dignified Ten-Room Home it is impossible to describe in this limited space the elegance and comfort incorporated into :his beautiful ten-room home. Stately in its exterior appearance, it still has an inviting and welcoming air. The irregular brick-work around the windows and doors and at the corners is an illustration of what a discriminating artistic touch can do toward improving what would otherwise be a somewhat cold and stern appearance. Che interior is comfortably arranged to meet the requirements of a family of means. Entrance is through a large hallway leading either to the large living room or the dining room opposite. On the second floor are master’s bedroom, with private bath, guest room, daughter’s room and boy’s room, with another bathroom. There is also a sewing room overlooking the entrance. Generous provision has been made for clothes and linen closets on the second floor, and on the first floor are found a cozy breakfast room, sun room, and covered brick porch. The suburban setting, with a background of beautiful hills, adds to the attractiveness of this fine home.Lasting Satisfaction Beauty, Comfort and Quality BE SURE The American Floor Co. Inc. Gets Your Flooring Contract THERE’S not one argument against Hardwood Floors, but there are many for them. Do you want to know their advantages? Then get in touch with the American Floor Co. Inc. 3445 So. Hill Phone Humboldt 6496 and a representative of our firm will call and give you an estimate. Many years of satisfactory service to contractors and homebuilders qualifies us to serve you. Home illustrated on page 85 finished with Oak Floors by our firm. Page Eighty-fourA Well Arranged Six-Room Home Here's a pleasing little home that would bring joy to a weary rent-payer. Imagine coming home from work to such an adorable place—meeting the wife or the kiddies on the walk—and then going in together for an honest-to-goodness supper and a pleasant evening. It doesn’t look so very big, but the arrangement of the rooms takes care of three bedrooms, to say nothing of a large, comfortable living room, dining room, and kitchen, with a nook and laundry in the back porch. The bathroom opens into a hallway leading to the two rear bedrooms. Entrance to the front bedroom is either from the living room or the adjoining bedroom. Built-in features and closets abound, something greatly appreciated by the discriminating housekeeper. The approximate cost of construction, of this home is $5,700.00.A COZY LITTLE HOME OF BRICK “Home” affords not only the simple creature comforts of food, shelter, and warmth, with a sense of security and well-being, but it is a refuge from the toil and worry of the great outside, headlong, jostling world, and the center and source of all those dear affections of sympathy, kindliness and mutual service which give to life its true meaning. This little home of brick invites one to be “at home" with oneself—to enjoy life as we always dream we shall some day. Alternate plans are shown, with slight changes in the arrangement. In the large plan, two bedrooms are provided, each having spacious closets, and connected by a hallway, which also leads to the dining and living rooms. The kitchen is conveniently arranged with built-in features, and a cozy nook for breakfasts and light lunches. The 4-room plan at the left will cost approximately $5,000.00 The 5-room plan at the right will cost approximately $5,700.00AN ARTISTIC BUNGALOW OF BRICK One is at once struck by the homelike and inviting charm of this little brick bungalow. There is something about brick homes that carries value that cannot be put into figures. Sentimental, perhaps, but it carries a good deal of weight with the normal man and woman. This home gives structural values of permanence, fire-safety, comfort and health— plus the artistic value of beauty. Certainly it ought to give genuine satisfaction to its owner. Alternate plans are shown, one having three bedrooms. The whole house is compactly, yet conveniently, arranged. The plan at the left, with five rooms and a screen porch, will cost approximately $6,850.00 The plan at the right, with 260 square feet of additional space, will cost about $8,000 A Seven-Room Brick Bungalow With Alternate Five-Room Plan There are few, if any, other kinds of building material that will combine so many merits of quality and style, strength and beauty, in your home as brick. Could the permanence, solid comfort and beauty of this home be expressed in anything but brick? The seven-room plan shown below at the left is admirably suited to the needs of a family of six or more, for the den can also be pressed into service as a sleeping room. The living room is spacious and comfortable, with the large fireplace at one end—a real living room. The 7-room plan at the left contains 1,550 square feet of floor space. It can be built for about $7,000.00 The 5-room plan at the right, with 185 square feet less space, would cost about $6,500.00A Fashionable Seven-Room Home Think of the comfort and convenience—and pride of possession—of having a home ike this, all your own. Done with crowded, stuffy rooms and apartments! Done with the everlasting rent problem! On the road to Saving and Independence at last! Here is a beautifully planned modern home of the latest fashionable design. It breathes an air of dignity and worth belying its actual cost, which is not excessive. The walls are constructed of hollow tile, beautifully finished with stucco. Everything about the exterior, from the concrete work to the lines of the roof, combines to make a most pleasing appearance. Stepping inside the home, we find the same air of quiet dignity and attractiveness carried out in the arrangement and furnishing of the interior rooms. Hardwood flooring has been used throughout, a feature of special attractiveness to the women. Built-in features, cupboards, drawers, linen closets, abound. The two bedrooms are connected by a hallway, which also leads to the bath room, beautifully tiled and enameled, and equipped with modern fixtures. Approximate cost of construction, $,9000.00An Unusually Attractive Design Some men think their duty is done when they provide a living. They are vitally wrong! A man has not fulfilled his duty as father or husband until he has provided his family with a suitable and comfortable place to live. A good home is their inheritance. Truest Happiness and Contentment cannot come without it. This home appeals to the would-be homebuilder. It breathes an air of distinction and charm—every line and proportion adds to the perfect ensemble. The interior of this home is a revelation as to what can be accomplished in exquisite finishing. The walls and ceilings are tastefully decorated; convenient built-in features abound; many handy utility devices are provided to make home-keeping pleasant and happy. Study of the floor plan arrangement will show infinite care in planning. Every part of the home is nicely correlated and adjusted to the needs of the occupants. Note the large, comfortable living room, with the fireplace in the center, providing a natural center of interest. No doubt the den has been planned to give the man of the house a corner “all his own.” This is one of the very best types of moderate sized homes in this city. Approximate Cost $8,000.00A Five-Room Spanish Type Most men are satisfied when they have a good place to eat, a comfortable place to sleep, and a convenient place to hang their hat. They live in their business world. With women, however, the home is their environment—their life, d hey want a place of their own, a place over which they can fuss and fix and in which they can take just pride. This home would delight the heart of any woman—or man. Of marked Spanish and Italian design, it expresses the new tendency and development in architectural designing in this city. The walls are of hollow tile construction, finished in a soft colored stucco, which together with the tiled roof, give the home an air of distinction and charm. The living and sleeping rooms are all of generous proportions, while the kitchen is compactly arranged. No unnecessary steps need be taken in the preparation or serving of food in this household. An attractive little nook, just off the kitchen, permits the serving of light breakfasts in an informal and convenient manner. The kitchen porch is splendidly equipped as a workroom, having built-in laundry tubs, ironing board, and all the latest modern features. Hardwood flooring has been used throughout. Altogether this is a most unusually well-designed homeA Well Balanced Six-Room Design Here is a cozy home for the average family of five or six, not so large as to make too much work for the housewife, but just large enough to be comfortable and convenient. It is a practical home that anyone could be proud to own. This home is constructed of hollow tile walls, with a beautiful exterior stucco finish. This gives it a clean-cut and substantial appearance. The interior arrangement has been planned to make housekeeping easy.Five-Room Colonial Cottage There is nothing more essential to real happiness than a good home. Can’t you just see how comfortably happy this woman is, enjoying the fresh air and sunshine—and watching the children at their play? If you don’t own a home of your own, you are missing half the joy of living. Perhaps this is the one you have been looking for. While devoid of extraneous frills, this home is pleasingly neat and attractive. The sharp lines of the roof gables are softened by the short hips, which give the house a distinctive Colonial touch. The columns of the porch and pergola carry out the suggestion. The interior arrangement is well suited to the requirements of an average small family. The living room is comfortably roomy, with a large open fireplace in the center. Here one can imagine the entire family gathering for an evening of reading or social activities. Two bedrooms, with bath and closets adjoining, provide comfortable sleeping quarters for the family. Hardwood floors have been laid throughout the house, and many built-in features have been incorporated. An ideal home for those seeking one of moderate cost. Approximate cost of construction, $5,000.00A Well Arranged Seven-Room Bungalow The description we are able to give of this home, and the floor plan drawing shown herewith, cannot do justice to the beauty and comfort built into this design. Although built of reinforced concrete, there is nothing about it suggestive of cold or lifelessness. The exterior breathes a spirit of warmth and hospitality that is fully justified upon entrance into the home. The living room is spacious and comfortable, and well lighted from the front and side. A large fireplace creates a friendly, hospitable atmosphere. Both this room and the dining room are finished in gum with panelled wainscoting. A small side porch opens off the dining room. There are three bedrooms, conveniently arranged, each having spacious closet room. The bathroom is tiled, and has separate shower alcove. Built-in features are incorporated into nearly all the rooms. A cozy breakfast nook provides a convenient place to serve light breakfasts and lunches. French doors have been put to good use between the living room and dining room, admitting additional light and permitting the two rooms to be thrown together or separated at will. French doors in an attractive design enhance the appearance of any home interior. Although this home has been built upon a 50-foot lot, there is ample room for a driveway to the garage from the front. In every respect this is a most desirable home. Cost of construction, $5,500.h Cozy Three-Room Bungalow Here is a suggestion for the little home you have been contemplating building. The ex erior is neat and attractive, the interior is well arranged, yet the cost is within reach of dmost any family’s purse. When a beautiful little home like this can be built for the small sum named, why should you continue to pay rent? Rent receipts are valueless. Rent payments applied upon a home of this kind will soon put you upon an independent footing. one in a home of this size. This one is roomy and comfortable, with built-in writing desk and book-cases. There is one bedroom, with bath adjoining. Spacious closet room is provided. You will note that the dining room has been eliminated, saving considerable floor space. This idea is becoming ,very popular in small homes, as the breakfast nook will meet requirements of the average small family and the living room can be used in emergency. The kitchen is compact, yet arranged for efficient work in the preparation of food. Built-in features add to its attractiveness and convenience. This is in every respect a home of which one could be proud. The approximate cost of construction is $2,000.A UNIQUE FIVE-ROOM STUCCO HOME This English stucco bungalow is one of the very latest ideas in modern architecture, and one that will be in vogue for many years to come. It has an air of distinctiveness that would be hard to improve upon. The small window panes, the iron grating, the shingle design and the mottled stucco effect are all features that enhance the attractiveness of this home. Careful thought has been given to the arrangement, of the rooms, permitting maximum comfort and convenience at the lowest possible cost. The large living room with open fireplace bespeaks comfort beyond comparison. French doors open to the dining room. Both of these rooms are well lighted. There are two bedrooms, each having a large, spacious closet. Linen closets are also provided in the hallway on each side of the bathroom. The kitchen is conveniently arranged, as a careful study of the floor plan will show, for food preparation and serving. A small rear porch contains laundry trays for convenience in doing light laundry work. Good judgment is displayed in every detail of arrangement and construction of this home, both inside and out. The close-cropped eaves, the vari-colored composition shingles, and the very rough stucco finish all combine to make a very picturesque and unique home. In every respect a home of character. Approximate cost of construction, $7,200.A Six-Room Brick Bungalow This home illustrates the adaptability of brick to bungalow construction. To many people, this type of home will always be in favor. Brick adds an air of permanence and stability to the bungalow type. The arrangement of the rooms provides three bed-Irooms, making this home practical for occupation by a good-sized family. These bedrooms occupy the entire right half of the plan, a larger percentage of floor space than is usually given to sleeping quarters. As a consequence, the living portion of the home is a trifle crowded. The living and dining rooms are practically one, however, being separated only by a colonnade. The room really appears to be large, and can be used conveniently upon social occasions and for every-day family use. The kitchen is provided with modern built-in features, and a cozy breakfast nook, where many of the light meals of the home may be served. The entire six rooms occupy but 1,535 square feet of floor space, and can be built for a trifle over $6,000.A Home of Exquisite Taste There is little left to be desired in the home illustrated on this page. The development of the exterior indicates extreme care in planning and an exquisite taste of just what looks right. One little suspects the ample proportions of this home until he is inside; then he wonders how a home could be built so spacious and elaborate at so reasonable a cost. For space is not skimped anywhere. You find hallways, closets, dressing rooms and nooks in the most convenient—though somewhat unexpected—places. And what could be more delightful than the view of the cobblestone patio with its refreshing pool in the center, greeting one from either the living room, dining room or bedroom ? An ideal home, expressing taste and refinement.A SUBSTANTIAL COLONIAL TYPE With Alternate Floor Plan This home, the exterior walls of which are constructed of brick, carries a suggestion of stability and permanence not found in many modern homes. And, after all, you really do want your home to be permanent—you want it to last a good many years. The short hip roofs, breaking the otherwise plain lines of the house, add to its attractiveness. Inside the house, too, you will find evidences of extreme care and thoughtfulness in planning. Alternate floor plan suggestions are given below, either one of which would be suited to the home illustrated above.An Interesting Four-Room Plan With Alternate Floor Plan Space does not permit calling attention to any of the interesting and practical features of this home of brick, with its alternate floor plan suggestions, but neither is this necessary. A careful study of this plan will convince you of its merits as a home for a small family. The plan at the left, containing 1253 square feet of floor space, can be built for about $5,600.00. The one at the right, with a trifle more floor space, would cost about $5,800 or $6,000.A TWO-STORY BRICK HOME There is something distinctive and attractive about a brick home—a warmth of feeling—that is absent in most dwellings built of “cold” materials. Perhaps this is because the broad, solid spaces are broken up into small units. Certainly, this home has a charm that would be impossible were it built of any other kind of material. The lower floor is devoted entirely to living and eating quarters. The spacious living room needs no comment. Lighted as it is with four sets of quadruplet casements, this is a most pleasant and comfortable room. There are three bedrooms upstairs, with an extra screened sleeping porch. The bathroom is situated at the end of the hall at the head of the stairs. For those who are planning a roomy and imposing home, this design should prove particularly desirable. Approximate cost of construction, $7,500.AN ATTRACTIVE SIX-ROOM BUNGALOW Here is a well-planned bungalow of attractive design that will come within the limits of the average homebuilder’s pocketbook. A unique feature of this home is the combination living room and dining room, with fireplace. This is a serviceable and economical arrangement. There are two bedrooms, with spacious closets, connected by a short hallway leading to the bathroom. A screen porch at the upper right corner of the plan can be used for sleeping quarters, if desired. The kitchen is planned for convenience in the preparation and serving of food. Many modern built-in features are incorporated. A cozy breakfast room offers a place to serve light meals without the trouble of “setting table.” The bathroom floor and drainboards in the kitchen are made of special composition, making them easy to keep clean. Approximate cost of construction, $4,800.A Beautiful Town or Country Residence For those who are interested in a more elaborate and distinctive residence than those illustrated in the rest of this book, this elegant home should offer worthwhile suggestions. Built largely of brick, it expresses a dignity, permanence and beauty of its own, offering a range of artistic effects that could scarcely be duplicated except in a house of this size. The floor plan arrangement shows a liberality of space that is characteristic of a rich man’s home. A commodious living room, dining room, morning room and kitchen, with their various accessory nooks, hallways and closets, comprise the first floor. On the second floor is a master’s bedroom, two guest chambers, and servants’ quarters. A distinctive residence, that will appeal to those seeking suggestions for a home of this size.A CONVENIENT FOUR-ROOM HOME It is usually hard to find a four-room home that is not too small and crowded to be practical or desirable. This home presents a sizable exterior, comparing favorably with most five-room houses. And while the interior is roomy enough for a small family, it does not require an extra amount of work to keep it up. This is a feature that appeals to the thrifty housewife. • 17^0 *.0 FT. The living room extends across the entire front of the house, and is large enough for any emergency of entertaining friends or “company.” The arrangement of the dining room and kitchen ,in their relation to each other and to the rooms at the rear of the house, is exceedingly practical. A corner of the kitchen provides a cozy little nook where many of the light meals of the home may be served without “setting table” in the dining room. A large bedroom is located at the rear corner of the house, where it gets the full benefit of fresh air, and cool breezes, according to the direction it faces. Stationary tubs are provided in the screen porch, which can be converted into a small laundry as occasion requires. A most desirable little home, that can be built for $5000 or thereabouts.A Five-Room Brick Bungalow This little brick home, nestling among the trees, suggests more than just a house that someone might want to buy or build. It doesn t look as if it were for sale. It is somebody's happy home. Perhaps it has a suggestion for you. Alternate floor plan arrangements are shown, giving the prospective home builder the choice of two exceedingly well-designed layouts. The difference in arrangement makes practically no difference in the total cost of the building, either plan costing approximately $6,000.00.A Modern California Bungalow Type WITH A TOUCH OF MISSION EFFECT IN THE EXTERIOR OF THE DINING ROOM We believe the real reason for the popularity of this home lies in the ideal room arrangement—the living room being entirely separated from the rest of the house, as is also the dining room. The large loggia is a special feature, acting as a sort of civic center to every part of the house. The bedrooms are conveniently connected by a hallway to the bathroom. Note the pass pantry from the kitchen to the dining room, a feature that will appeal to the mistress. Large closets are found in every bedroom. You will probably think the cost of this home beyond the reach of your funds, but the cost is only about $9,000.00A Cozy Little Home This cozy little bungalow of four rooms is just the right size for the adoring husband and his newly acquired bride. Not so large as to make too much work for HER, but just large enough to be comfortable and convenient. A dainty kitchenette, with all the built-in features, and with a convenient breakfast nook adjoining, a comfortable living room, two bedrooms, lots of closets and drawers, are features of this attractive little home. The screen porch at the rear is large enough to serve as a laundry and workroom, having stationary tubs installed and facilities for using electrical devices. The kitchen and bath room are equipped with modern plumbing fixtures. Added distinction and durability are given through the use of hardwood floors in all the rooms. This is a feature that will be appreciated by the “particular” housewife. If you are thinking of building, you will find many suggestions in this practical little plan. It is, furthermore, well within the reach of the average purse. Approximate cost of construction, $4,300.00.A Comfortable Eight-Room Home A beautiful home is a joy forever. What man or woman doesn’t love to own one and live in it? 'Tis home and family that makes life worth while—that binds a man with chains of love to the place where he lives. There is a distinct joy in owning a home, unlike that which we have in money, automobiles, or anything else that men have devised. This home is particularly adapted to the needs of a family of seven or eight. Four bedrooms—three of them upstairs—■provide comfortable sleeping quarters for the family and visitors. The bathroom on the second floor is augmented by a lavatory just off the kitchen on the first floor. Special features of this plan are the cozy breakfast room, the large, conveniently arranged and equipped kitchen, and the large, comfortable living room. The French windows and doors add a touch of distinction to this home, as does also the tiled roof, giving a touch of Mission effect. Approximate Cost of Construction $15,000.A Six-Room California Bungalow HAVING A SLIGHT SWISS INFLUENCE Surely this bungalow, with its suggestion of the Swiss Chalet, will be a favorite with home builders. The broad, sweeping lines, the wide open terrace, the ideal ventilation and sunlight—these appeal to the discriminating householder. What could be more comfortable on a warm summer day than this living room, with direct ventilation through the room. This arrangement also permits free circulation of air through the sleeping rooms and the dining room. This particular style permits the use of a variety of materials and finishes in the construction of the exterior—siding, shingles, stucco, brick or hollow tile, anything to suit the individual taste of the builder. A roomy screen porch has been planned just off the kitchen. Here is space for a couple of laundry tubs and electric washer, if the mistress wishes to do a bit of washing. Most porches are too small to be useful. This one has been planned for a purpose. A wonderful home for the Price Ahfiroximale cost of onstruction $8,500.00.A Dandy Five-Room Bungalow Somehow the Spanish type of architecture carries with it a soft, homey feeling. This little five-room bungalow certainly invites happy occupants. It is particularly adaptable to California climate. It should preferably be constructed of hollow tile or stucco, with a roof of Mission tile. In an appropriate setting, this home would be a jewel. The arrangement of the rooms is as unique and distinctive as the outward appearance—and as inviting. From a cozy little porch, we are ushered into the large combined living and dining room. A set of four windows at the extreme left end of this room brings in a cheerful light. But what could be more comfortable and inviting than the little Ingle Nook, just off the big room? Here the chairs can be drawn up close to the fireplace for a long evening of reading or chatting. And if the occasion required it, one could sleep here, by pulling out the disappearing bed. An adorable tiled breakfast porch opens off the kitchen and leads into the dining room, if one must serve here. But the majority of the meals are served in the porch. Certainly we would prefer to eat there. The bedrooms are well arranged, with bathroom adjoining. Large roomy closets are provided in the bedrooms and also “wardrobe built-in” closets in the hallway. All late built-in conveniences are provided in the kitchen. And to think that all this can be secured for approximately $7,500!An Attractive Six-Room Home The difference between “homes” and “houses” is not one of price, primarily, but of intelligent planning—of finished skill in adapting modern materials, methods and arrangements to today’s standard of living. The method of shingling this home, giving it a thatched effect, breaks the hard, sharp lines and gives the whole house a soft, homey atmosphere. In this plan, the three sleeping rooms are grouped and connected by hallway to bathroom. A special feature, also, is the easy access to and from the front entrance to any room. A wide terrace adds to the apparent size of this home, which is, however, a very economical one. Approximate cost of construction $5,500. Can be built of Holloiv Tile, Brick or Wood.A Charming Five-Room Bungalow Building a home is for most of us an event that ranks of first importance in our lives. We know the opportunity does not come often. So we want to be sure that the home we build represents the acme of our needs and desires. The arrangement of this home is one frequently used because of its very efficiency. Living room and dining room are connected by a colonnade, making really one large room. This is often quite convenient upon social occasions in a home of this size. Bedrooms are conveniently connected by a hallway leading to the bath. This plan provides a convenient breakfast nook just off the kitchen, and a screen porch equipped with laundry trays. These two features alone are sufficiently attractive to tempt any thoughtful home builder. While you may not plan to sell your home, its sales value must be considered. This is a home that any average family would be eager to buy. The pleasing lines of the exterior, added to the practical arrangement of the interior, make this home one of universal appeal. The cost of construction is about $4,500.00.A Cozy Spanish Type Bungalow Doesn’t this little home just appeal to your sense of comfort? Both the exterior and the interior arrangements are decidedly novel and interesting. A corner lot would be just the thing for this home, for the entrance is from the side rather than from the front. This entrance ought to face the south, for then the living and dining rooms could secure the full_benefit of the sunlight. A cunning reception hall leads us into the large, comfortable living room. Here is home comfort de luxe. The big fireplace at the end of the room warms the heart as well as the body. One cannot help but be happy in this friendly atmosphere. The sleeping compartments are entirely separated from the rest of the house, one entrance from the reception hall being the only communication. The spare room at the extreme left would make a splendid sun room, and can be instantly converted into a sleeping room by the use of the disappearing bed.A COZY FOUR-ROOM MISSION HOME The family with a home is independent. They fear no tyrannical landlord. They can arrange things about the home to suit themselves. They have a sense of security that folks living in rented houses cannot have. Visualizing the ideal home is the starting point to securing that home. Knowing what you want, it is easy to plan to acquire it. This little home is not expensive, but it represents maximum comfort and convenience. It is not the amount you spend for a home that determines its value to you, but how well it meets all the special requirements of the family. The living room is roomy and comfortable, with the fireplace at the end of the room. The two bedrooms are connected by a short hallway leading to the bathroom. The kitchen is well arranged. A breakfast nook and screen porch with laundry tubs adds to the convenience of the housewife. A most serviceable and convenient home. Approximate cost of construction, $5,000.SIX-ROOM SPANISH TYPE For those who are attracted by the Spanish type of architecture, so popular and appropriate in Southern California, this adaptation of the Mexican adobe dwelling, with its patio, is especially desirable. Entrance is from the patio to either living room, bedroom or breakfast room. The breakfast room is a special feature that will be appreciated. This opens from the kitchen, making serving convenient. The bedrooms are roomy and well provided with facilities for ventilation. The tiled bathroom opens into a short hallway connecting the two sleeping rooms. This home can be built of Hollow ' Tile, Brick, Wood with Tile Veneer, Metal Lath and Plaster or any other form of construction admitting a plaster exterior. The cost of construction is low, considering the fine appearance of this home and the roomy interior. Approximate cost, $6,000.A COZY FIVE-ROOM HOME of Modernized Mexican Type You’ll have to look a long way to find a classier home than this one. The exterior appearance is in every way worthy of the elegant interior. It would be hard, indeed, to add any features to this plan. The large living room is really a combination living and dining room. Beamed ceilings add to the attractiveness of a room that is already everything that could be desired. Note the cozy little lunch nook in front of the fireplace, built into an alcove. Each bedroom is provided with spacious closets and separate bathrooms. This is a feature that will appeal to the discriminating mistress. The kitchen is arranged with every modern convenience. A breakfast alcove is provided, just off the kitchen, where informal meals may be served. The screen porch has two laundry tubs, where light washing may be done. A careful study of this floor plan will reveal other features designed for the comfort and convenience of the occupants. Cost of construction, approximately $6,000.A SEVEN-ROOM COLONIAL BUNGALOW Here is a most popular and practical Colonial bungalow home. The exterior reflects distinctiveness that is so desirable in an ideal home. The wide, open terrace gives a feeling of being in the home before the door is opened. Those who appreciate homey comfort will be thrilled by the suggestion of so many conveniences embodied under one roof. The house is not large, but it seems roomy. That’s because of the careful arrangement. The influence of a woman’s hand is plainly seen in the arrangement of the workshop and serving rooms. A dainty little breakfast nook invites one to eat a bite without the formality of setting table. Laundry tubs in the rear porch will save a lot of work and expense. WTiere could you find a home so suitable for $5, 500.001 AN ELEGANT SIX-ROOM HOME There is something extremely imposing about the appearance of this Mission home. The design reflects permanency and durability. This type of home is particularly appropriate and popular in California, because of its resemblance to the early Mission style of architecture. The living room is large and comfortable, and well lighted. A large patio in the center of the building, with a fountain and pool, is a special feature of this plan. The house is really built around this patio. The living quarters of the family are grouped at the extreme right of the plan. Servants quarters are provided just back of the kitchen. The kitchen is well arranged, with all the modern conveniences. A breakfast nook offers the opportunity of serving informal meals without fixing up the table in the dining room. This home is worthy of the most aristocratic family. The approximate cost of construction is $12,500.AN IDEAL EIGHT-ROOM HOME Isn’t this a real homelike dwelling? The shingles are laid in an irregular fashion to represent an Irish thatched roof. Somehow, this carries a suggestion of real hospitality. This method of laying the shingles and rounding the eaves is not expensive, but it presents a homelike and artistic effect, a reminder of the “ould counthry.” While retaining the quaint design, the floor plan arrangement has been worked out to meet all modern requirements of comfort and convenience. Various modifications, to meet individual requirements, can be made if desired. The plan shows an entrance with a hall leading into each room, a very serviceable arrangement. There are three bedrooms, with an additional porch that could easily be converted into sleeping quarters. Note also the large, comfortable living room, with cased opening or colonnade leading to the dining room. This arrangement is convenient when entertaining a number of friends, if the capacity of the living room is taxed. The outside finish should preferably be Rough Stucco or Pebble Dash finish. Approximate cost of construction, $7,500.A CHOICE SIX-ROOM BUNGALOW This home makes its appeal to those who love a plain, clean-cut appearance. There are no superfluous frills here. Just a neat and attractive home. Perhaps the plainness of the exterior is intended to aid in giving a pleasant surprise when one enters the home. For with this ideal floor arrangement, one certainly could do wonders with the inside. What a lovely big living room! This would be the heart of the home. The big fireplace would attract folks for a quiet evening of reading or visiting. Three bedrooms, each with a nice big closet, provide sleeping quarters for a large family. Kitchen and dining room are conveniently arranged to save steps in the preparation and serving of food. This will appeal to every housewife. Careful study has been given to every detail of this home, and you will agree that it is one of the most practical home plans you have ever had the pleasure of giving consideration to. There is not a foot of waste space in the plan, every inch has been utilized to give the most home for the money expended. Are you fighting the battle against high rents? Here is a weapon that will win for you, and at the same time add infinite happiness to your lot. This home can be built for approximately $6,000.AN INTERESTING SIX-ROOM BUNGALOW For those who are attracted by the typical California bungalow—(and who is not?)—this home is everything that could be desired. Not alone in the beautiful simplicity of its exterior, but in the sensible, well-planned arrangement of its interior. It provides a spacious living room, with a large fireplace. Just off this room is a delightful solarium. The dining room also faces this side, which should preferably be the south, making all the living rooms of the house sunny and cheery. The kitchen and kitchen porch are unusually well arranged for convenient household work. The bedrooms are provided with spacious closets, and a hallway to the bath. This desirable home can be built for approximately $6,000.Buy Your Home For All Cash “All-Cash" purchasers benefit in many ways. In buying your home it is not necessary to deny yourself the privileges of the all-cash method. THE financing of your home building is more important than many people realize. It requires a knowledge of technical and legal facts that the inexperienced homebuilder usually overlooks. The Security Plan provides for expert supervision of every step. - Under its method you are guarded against the hazards and pitfalls of building. You will be interested in the application of this Plan to your problem. Send for a copy of “You Can Build Your Home Now.” There is no obligation. Security Housing Corporation 728 Pacific Mutual Bldg. Sixth and Grand Los Angeles Page One Hundred Twenty-twoLook Well Into the Standing of the Concern That Offers to Finance You By Harry F. Hossack There is so much said about care in dealing with the irresponsible contractor, that the prospective home builder is apt to overlook the care needed in dealing with the concern or the individual from whom he is expecting to get the money to pay the contractor. If he is fortunate enough to have a loan that comes within the province and good favor of a bank or a building and loan association, he need not worry, the money will be forthcoming according to agreement. If, however, he cannot get his money from one of these sources, and he is obliged to go to a broker for "first and second" money, or he expects a contractor to "place" the first mortgage and take the second himself,—then Mr. Homebuilder must remember that "all is not gold that glitters," and he should apply the acid test. If there is any doubt about the broker at all, name and bank of the payee on both first and second papers should be ascertained, and the prospective borrower should not hesitate to go to the bank or banks and ask, point-blank, if it would be safe for him to rely on the money being paid, if he did sign the papers. Some mortgage brokers will accept a loan, without having either funds or credit to cover, have the papers executed in their favor and then rely on selling them to their "clientele" before the borrowers begin to need much if any money on account of construction. Many a contractor, also, after arranging for a first mortgage with a perfectly responsible lender, will agree to take a "second" or trust deed for the balance of the contract price, relying on his ability to trade the "second" at a discount for building materials, or to carry it until the house is completed and he can find a buyer for cash, also at a discount. Needless to say, enough has been added to the contract price of the house, in advance, to cover the risk in such transactions and also the discount, but the irony of it lies in the fact that it is the owner who runs the risk, pays for it, and also pays for the discount. When dealing with a contractor who is to take a substantial part of his pay in second paper, by all means obtain the statutory bond from a good SURETY COMPANY. It is wise, if not imperative, to insist on such bond in any case, second paper or no second paper. It may be that a bonding company will not bond the contractor BECAUSE he IS taking second paper on the job, in which case ignore any alibis, take warning and seek another contractor, for it is the bonding company’s business to know when a contractor is safe and when he is not safe. And if he offers a personal bond, take care again, because personal bonds are largely procured through personal friendship with no thought of monetary loss, and you may find that the bigger the bondsman the more he will resist paying a contractor’s losses. Always remember that "shoe-string" financing costs money. The wise builder will confine his financing to financiers. There are plenty of reliable institutions in the field, from those which like to keep their loans below forty-five percent to those which will go much higher, in some cases to sixty, and in one case, to seventy percent. Try to keep your building problem within their reach, make sure of the responsibility of the one you select, and then buy your home for all cash. Page One Hundred Twenty-threeDOES IT PAY TO RENT? This schedule shows what your RENT PAYMENTS would total in ten and fifteen years, with interest at 6% compounded annually. Rent per Month In 10 Years In 15 Years $20.00 $3,353.28 $5,921.52 30.00 5,029.92 8,882.28 35.00 5,868.24 10,362.66 40.00 6,706.56 1 1,843.04 50.00 8,383.20 14,803.80 Here is the most convincing answer to the query above. It does not pay to pay rent! You pay for the house you rent approximately every ten years. “But,” you say, “we don’t have the funds with which to build.” Most people do not. The building that is fully paid for in cash at the time of construction is the exception. Financial institutions and loan associations are eager to assist the homebuilder and offer very liberal loans for long periods at low rates of interest. “But,” you say, “we don’t like to be in debt.” This attitude is commendable in theory, but as a matter of fact is very short-sighted. There is nothing more commendable than to assume the obligation of paying for a home. Payments may be arranged in a convenient manner, on a monthly basis, just like rent except that when you have completed the contract the home is YOURS, not the landlord’s. Renting does not pay from a financial standpoint. Much less from a satisfaction standpoint. It does all right as a temporary convenience, but as a permanent thing it is all wrong. Home ownership is conducive to Happiness and Thrift. It furnishes the incentive for industry and ambition. It provides the atmosphere necessary for comfort and relaxation. It gives the owner a standing in the community. The Building and Loan system is the accepted method of financing the construction of a home. The family that waits until they can save enough cash to pay for a home, waits in vain. For in the meantime their rent payments are eating up the savings that should be accumulated. It were far better to live in a modest little HOME OF YOUR OWN near the outskirts of the city than to rent one of the fashionable and expensive houses or apartments closer in. Page One Hundred Twenty-fourPLANTING SCHEDULE FOR CALIFORNIA Name of Vegetable Artichoke............. Asparagus............. Beans, Bush........... Beans, Pole........... Beet, Table........... Beet, Mangel.......... Beet, Sugar........... Brussels Sprouts...... Cabbage, Early........ Cabbate, Late......... Carrot................ Cauliflower, Early.... Cauliflower, Late..... Celery................ Corn, Salad........... Corn, Sweet........... Cress................. *Cucumber............. *Egg-Plant............ Endive................ Herbs................. Kale.................. Kohlrabi.............. Leek.................. Lettuce............... Melons, Musk.......... Melons, Water......... Okra.................. Onion................. Onion Sets............ Parsley............... Parsnip............... Peas.................. *Pepper............... Potato, cut........... Pumpkin............... Radish................ Rhubarb............... Salsify............... Spinach............... Squash, Bush.......... Squash, Late.......... Swiss Chard........... *Tomato............... Turnip................ Time to Sow March to May inclusive............. March to May inclusive............. March to August, inclusive......... March to August, inclusive......... Any time........................... Any time........................... Any time. . . . •.................. April to August, inclusive......... August to March, inclusive......... March to May, inclusive............ September to May, inclusive........ August and September............... April to June, inclusive........... March and April.................... September to June, inclusive....... March to June, inclusive........... Any time........................... March to July, inclusive........... March to June...................... Any time........................... Any time........................... July to March, inclusive........... July to April, inclusive........... September to April, inclusive...... Any time........................... March to June, inclusive........... March to June, inclusive........... March to July, inclusive........... September to April, inclusive...... Any time........................... Any time........................... September to May, inclusive........ Any time........................... March to June, inclusive........... January to September, inclusive. . . April to July, inclusive........... Any time........................... February to April, inclusive....... February to May, inclusive......... Any time........................... March to July, inclusive........... March to June, inclusive........... Any time........................... March to June, inclusive........... October to May, inclusive........... . Ready for use in about 12 mos. 3 to 4 yrs. 45 to 65 days 65 to 90 “ 90 to 120 “ 150 “ 90 to 120 “ 120 to 150 “ 100 to 120 “ 125 to 180 “ 75 to 120 “ 100 to 135 " 150 to 180 ״ 125 to 150 “ 65 *• 50 to 100 ״ 30 “ 60 to 85 150 to 160 ״ 50 to 75 “ 60 to 100 100 to 120 “ 90 to 120 “ 120 to 160 “ 60 to 100 115 to 140 “ 120 to 140 “ 90 to 125 “ 135 to 150 “ 60 to 120 100 “ 125 to 150 “ 60 to 90 100 to 150 “ 80 to 140 100 to 120 “ 20 to 50 1 yr. and 60 125 to 150 “ 30 to 60 60 to 75 “ 100 to 125 “ 60 to 75 “ 100 to 125 “ 90 to 120 “ Those marked with a (*) may be started in a hot-bed or small paper pots four or five weeks earlier and transplanted outdoors when safe. We recommend paper pots, as they are very cheap and lessen the danger of losing plants in transplanting. Page One Hundred Tiventy-fiveARTS & CRAFTS PUBLISHING COMPANY TJRINTING 1 UBLISHING ADVERTISING OFFICES ROOM 324 315 SOUTH BROADWAY LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA R. A. Kinney, Mgr. Telephone Broadway 1517 P. S. PACKARD, President CHAS. L. KESSLER, Secretary Page One Hundred Twenty-SixTAX RECORD Legal Description of Property__________________________________________ Lot________________________________Block_______________________________ Assessed Valuation of Real Estate $____________________________________ Improvements $__________________________________________ City Tax Rate $____________________________ County and State Tax Rate $__________ RECORD OF TAXES PAID First Half Last Half Date Paid Amount Date Paid Amount 19 City County and State 19. City County and State 19. City County and State 19. City County and State 19. City County and State 19 City County and State 19 City County and State 19. City County and State 19. City County and State 19. City County and State Page One Hundred. Twenty-seven ־FURNITURE INVENTORY A Great Convenience in Case of Loss or Sale Date Purchased ITEMS Amount Living Room— Dining Room— Kitchen— Bedrooms— Miscellaneous— Total Page One Hundred Twenty-eightTHE ELECTRICAL REFRIGERATOR FOR MODERN HOMES Eliminates Ice Man—There is no ice sign to hang up, no daily worry about ice, no floors to clean after the visit of the ice man. Works Automatically—Frigidaire is independent of evçrything and everybody. It automatically makes and maintains its own even low temperature. Makes Ice Cubes for Table Use—Frigidaire manufactures convenient little cubes of crystal-pure ice for table use. These cubes are as pure as your drinking water. Makes Frozen Dainties—Sherbets, cream and other dainty and tasteful desserts can be frozen in the freezing compartment of Frigidaire. Frigidaire mechanism can be installed in any good ice box. You can have a year to pay for Frigidaire Keeps Food Pure—The circulating air in Frigidaire is cold and dry, and food which would go to waste in the ordinary ice box is kept pure indefinitely. The Finest Washers Ever Built! Washes and dries without a wringer. No hand rinsing — No hand bluing—No buttons broken—No hooks bent—No fasteners jammed—No red hands — No hard-to-iron creases—No wringer —No extra tubs. The Laun-dry-ette The Delco-Light The Delco-Light Washing Machine is the oscillator type, has two separate motors, one for the wringer and one for the tub. Conveyor on wringer prevents clothes wrapping around rollers. The ONLY SAFE wringer machine made. The Delco-Light IVAN L. de JONGH DISTRIBUTOR ־ 1518 West Seventh St. Los Angeles Telephone 525-64 Z׳"From Forest to Builder” Hammond LUMBER CO־ Main Office and Yards: 2010 South Alameda Street Los Angeles Rough Lumber Finish Lumber Rough Hardware Finish Hardware Paints and Oils Roofing (Applied or in Rolls) Hardwood Flooring (Laid and Finished) Sash and Doors Glass, Mill Work Composition Wall Board Plaster Board and Stucco Lime, Cement, Plaster Flaxlinum Telephones: Humbolt 1591 BRANCHES: Calipatria Colton Highlands Holtville Long Beach Newhall Ontario Orange¡¡ Owensmouth Pasadena Pomona Redlands Riverside San Bernardino Van Nuys Zelzah Kingman, Arizona WHOLESALE YARDS, Terminal, Cal.