ivs rum 
 
 
 UC-NRLF 
 
 1DM 
 
 T 
 
 gfi 
 
 
 I. ill ; (-I 3 \ I. 
 
 
 
 CD 
 
 QC 
 

 
 " 
 
 
 
 i 
 

 !%?;. 
 ^ s% 
 
 -., ..\\ 
 srH-.. , - 
 
 ?f A 
 
 !S 
 
 LIEUT. GEN L Jl BAL A. KARLY 
 
SIIYS i 
 
 .1.1! l\ 
 
 !\ Al (.1 - 
 
 ADDRKSS 
 
 Lieut, licnl JUBAL A. EARLY 
 
 FIRST ANXtTAI. MKETINd 
 
 I III 
 
 Association of the Maryland Line, 
 
 PROCEEDINGS AT THE THIRD ANNUAL BANQUET 
 
 OF THE AW AND JIAV? OF THE COVFEDE&ATE STATES, 
 
47 
 
 t 
 
 
A \M\I MKETIXG OF THK ASSOCIATION OF THK 
 MVKNI \M. LINE. AT THK At ADF.MY OF Mrsic. BALTIMORE 
 
 i \ k \ j ? : 
 
 The meeting was called to order by Maj. Gen l I. R. Trimble, 
 the senior Governor of the Association, who introduced General 
 Bradley T. Johnson, the President, who he said would bring to 
 their attention matters of deep interest to all Marylanders and to 
 which he invoked their serious consideration. 
 
 General Johnson said : 
 
 Ladies and Gentlemen : We welcome you with pleasure to this 
 first annual meeting of the Association of the Maryland Line, and 
 we thank you for the cordial greeting you have given us. We 
 have organized ourselves for the purj>ose of collecting materials 
 for the history of the battles and the bivouacs, the marches and 
 the campaigns of Maryland men in the Confederate Army, and 
 of trying to make some provision for our infirm, disabled and 
 broken comrades, disabled by wounds or broken by the hard 
 ships of fortune and of time. We have succeeded greatly in the 
 first object of our endeavors, for we have collected copies of the 
 muster rolls of every Regiment. Battalion and Battery, and art- 
 engaged in gathering those of Maryland companies which served 
 in South Carolina and Virginia regiments. Our record is approach 
 ing completion. 
 
 The pious lalxjr ol caring lor our comrades still presses us. As 
 the march lengthens, more and more of them fall out of ranks. 
 We have neither pensions or bounties to hope for, nor to rely on. 
 Maryland has given ten millions in bounties to soldiers who 
 enlisted in Maryland regiments on the Union side, and the L nion 
 has bestowed two hundred millions in pensions for its defenders. 
 We can only look to ourselves, and to that kind-hearted sympathy 
 and love, which in Maryland has never failed the unfortunate. 
 We hope in time to found a home in which old and infirm Con 
 federate soldiers may Ix- tenderly and respectfully sheltered, and 
 that their old age and honorable scars may be spared at least the 
 
 M189324 
 
pYiblic poorhousV. * We ask alms from no OIK- ; we U^ no (.bolus 
 tor Kelisarius. \Ve do desire the aid of s\ mpathi/inii hearts and 
 ^enerous hands. \\V will t niitiniu- mir efforts with faith in our 
 success. After this brief e\planatin of the objects of our orjran- 
 ixation, I perform a duty incumbent on me. which IN alike a pleas 
 ure and an honor, of introducing to you a soldier whose genius 
 and courage have won for him an illustrious place in the annals of 
 the art of war, and his devotion, sincerity and patriotism the 
 innermost one in the hearts of his countrymen. 1 introduce to 
 you Lieut, (ien. Jubal A. Marly, late commander o| the second 
 corps of the Army of Northern Virginia. 
 
Mi:. FKIMM \i \\i- < ,i NTI.FMI N >! i HK MARYLAND LINE; 
 
 MY 1 tK ADES OF THE AkMV AND NAVY OF THE 
 
 - i \ i ES ; Ladies and Gentlemen :- 
 
 \Vln-n I ri.nxrnu-d t<> deliver an address before this Association, 
 and M -K , t -d tin- Mil.jrrt of that address, I had no thought that the 
 campaign t August, 1862, in Northern Virginia, would, in any 
 way, be involved in any question or discussion that might arise in 
 Congress, during its present session. It was, therefore, with no 
 reference whatever to the questions which have arisen before that 
 body that I selected my subject. I have long thought the cam 
 paign I refer to was not fully appreciated, even by many Confed 
 erate officers who participated in it ; and I know that some have 
 entertained very erroneous views and made very inaccurate state 
 ments in regard to it 
 
 It was my fortune to bear a more active part in that campaign, 
 from its beginning to its close, than any officer, now surviving, 
 who was engaged in it on our side ; and I think I know more in 
 respect to its operations, especially those conducted by him whose 
 command bore the most conspicuous part, than any man now liv 
 ing. Hence it was that I selected that campaign as the subject of 
 my address ; and I bespeak your indulgence while I attempt to 
 describe it to you. As a matter of necessity, I shall be compelled 
 to omit, or notice very briefly, many interesting events, by reason 
 of the limited time and space which I feel warranted in devoting to 
 the subject on this ocaisjon. 
 
 Campaign against fope in ^tigugt, 1862. 
 
 The operations of the Army of Northern Virginia, under Gen 
 eral Lee, at the close of June and beginning of July, 1862, against 
 the forces under McClellan, generally known as the "Seven days 
 Battles," had resulted in relieving Richmond of the siege threaten 
 ing that City, and forced McClellan to take refuge at his "new base" 
 on James River, where it was impracticable to attack him except at 
 great disadvantage. The Army then returned to the vicinity of 
 Richmond, for the purpose of repose after its arduous and harrass- 
 ing struggle, and to be convenient to the needed supplies. 
 
A now commander. Major general John Pope, had now appeared 
 in Northern Virginia, Hast of the Blue Ridge and North of the 
 Rapidan, at the head <f an army styled the "Army of Virginia." 
 and composed of the corps of McDowell, Hanks, and Fremont 
 the latter then commanded by Sigel. 
 
 General Pope, on assuming his new command, had gone to it on 
 a train decked with banners and living streamers, and had issued a 
 bombastic and vain-glorious address to his troops, in which he said : 
 ( l have come to you from the West, where we have- always seen 
 the backs of our enemies from an army u hose business it has been 
 to seek the adversary and beat him when found whose policy- 
 has been attack, not defence. 1 presume I have been 
 called here to pursue the same system, and to lead you against the 
 enemy." 
 
 He said further to his troops: "1 desire you to dismiss from 
 vour minds certain phrases which 1 am sorry to find much in 
 vogue among you. I hear constantly ol taking .strong positions 
 and holding them --of lines ol retreat and basis ot supplies. Let 
 us discard such ideas. The strongest position \\hich a soldier 
 should desire to occupy is the one li om which he can most 
 easily advance upon the en-my. I .et us study the probable 
 lines of retreat ot our opponents, and leave our own to take 
 can- ot themselves. Let us look bciore and not behind. Suc 
 cess and gloryare in the advance. Disaster and shame lurk in 
 the- rear." 
 
 He also proclaimed that his head-<juarters would be in the 
 saddle." 
 
 He subsequently issued an ord< : . in \\hich he directed that his 
 troops should subsist upon the i onntry in which their operations 
 were carried on; and t\\o others ot a more barbarous character, 
 whose atrocities it is needless to specify, lie was certainly pro 
 ducing a great commotion in the poultry yards ot" the worthy ma 
 trons ot that region, whose husbands or sons were absent in the 
 service ot their state and country, when General Lee sent Stone 
 wall Jackson to look after this redoubtable warrior. 
 
 General Jackson s command, at that time, -onsisted of his own 
 division ot" tour brigades, Lawton s, Winder s. Taliaterro s, and 
 
I R I i ,-H s division of three brigades. Trimble s, Hays s, 
 
 and my own. and twelve batteries of artillery of about four guns 
 each. 
 
 Division, which was in the advance, reached Gordonsville 
 about the middle of July. Jackson s division soon followed, and 
 General Jackson himself arrived on the 191!!. Robertson s brigade 
 of cavalry, of four regiments, and Captain Elijah White s indepen 
 dent company of cavalry, reached the vicinity about the time of 
 K well s arrival. 
 
 About the last of July, General A. P. Hill s division arrived, it 
 having been ordered to re-inforce General Jackson. In the mean 
 time, there had been several small skirmishes and rights with por 
 tions of the enemy s cavalry, which crossed the Rapidan on recon 
 noitring expeditions and advanced to Orange C. H., and on one 
 or two occasions towards ( iordons\ ille ; but of these it is not ne 
 cessary to speak more particularly. 
 
 On the 30th of July, General Hulleck. who had been appointed 
 (leneral in chief of the U. S. Army, with his residence at Wash 
 ington, telegraphed McClcllan : "A dispatch just received from 
 General Pope says that deserters report that the eniemy is moving 
 south of James River, and that the force in Richmond is very small. 
 I suggest he be pressed in that direction, so as to ascertain the 
 facts of the case." 
 
 On the 3 ist, he again telegraphed McClellan : "General Pope 
 again telegraphs that the enemy is reported to be evacuating Rich 
 mond and tailing back on Danville and Lynchburg." 
 
 On the ist of August, ( icneral Jackson s whole command, exclu 
 sive of the cavalry, but including the artillery, could not have ex 
 ceeded 20,000 officers and men. lor duty. 
 
 I have in my possession, now. the original monthly returns of 
 the brigades of Kwell s division for the month of July, and the 
 office copy of the consolidated returns for the division, all dated 
 the 3ist of the month, and these show present for duty on that day, 
 in the infantry and artillery of the division, 4,801 officers and men, 
 including among the officers all general and star!" officers, and even 
 
 *NOTK. Thi.H brigade i* mil*-*! "CampMPs brigade" in Jem-mi .hukson s 
 r IH.IM. from the fuct tliat it had ln-en commanded by .lin-l ( ampln-ll during 
 the Valley Campaign of 1H02; hut liem-nil .1. K. .lout s had lieen assigned lo 
 it, and wan in cuininand of it during a portion of the Heven days battles He 
 wa* now alwent si-k. In -OHU- of the iejK>its it i <-:il!e<l the *2nd brigade.** 
 
the surgeons and chaplains. I have also the original return of 
 Law-ton s brigade for the ijth of August, when it was transferred 
 to Kwell s division, and that shows present fr duty in tin- infantry 
 and artillery of the brigade. 2,099 officers and men. This brigade 
 had not been engaged in the battle of Cedar Run. and the return 
 fully covers its strength on the rst of the month. The other three 
 brigades of Jackson s division were very small, and 3,000 would 
 probably cover their whole strength. The whole command, there- 
 lore, did not exceed 9.900, exclusive of the cavalry, before the ar 
 rival of \\\\\ > division. That division, as shown by the returns 
 given by Colonel Walter H. Taylor, in his "Four years with C.en- 
 eral Lee," had. on the Jth of July, tin- date of the last return given 
 before the campaign against Pope, for duty. 519 officers and 10,104 
 enlisted men -in all 10,623. Jackson s whole command, therefore, 
 after Hill s arrival, exclusive of the cavalry, could not have much 
 exceeded 2o,<x>o officers and men for duty, and its effective force, 
 which embraces only enlisted men lor duty, was considerably less. 
 The cavalry could not have reached i.5<*>. 
 
 Pope, in his testimony before the Committee on the conduct of the 
 war. on the Sth of July, iSoj.said: "1 have a movable force, aside 
 from the few troop.s that arc- h-rc around Washington and in the 
 intrenchments. of about 4.v*x> men." 
 
 He further .said : "1 have no apprehension, with my troops sta 
 tioned in that position, [that is, oft on the tlanks of any opposing 
 force. J although I have but 4.V** men, that even 8o,oooofthe 
 enemy would be able to get to Washington at .ill." 
 
 In his official report, dated January Jjth, 1*03. speaking of the 
 strength of his three corps at the time he was assigned to the com 
 mand, i June jnth.i lie says. "Their effective strength of infantry 
 and artillery. a> reported to me. was as follows: Fremont s corps, 
 eleven thousand ti\e hundred strong; Hanks s corps reported at 
 fourteen thousand li\e hundred but in reality only about eight 
 thousand; McPoweH s corps eighteen thousand four hundred, 
 making a total of thirty -eight thousand men. The cavalry num 
 bered about live thousand, but most of it was badly mounted and 
 armed, and in poor condition lor service." 
 
 Thus he estimates hi> available effective strength at 43,000 men, 
 by deducting (1,400 from Hanks s official return count that and there 
 would be: 49,41 x>. It must be borne in mind that the effective 
 strength < if an army, embraces only the enlisted men for duty who 
 bear arms. 
 
The Muter,) lli.it most < >1 hi> cavalry "u.i* badly 
 
 mounted and .mm-d. and in poor condition for service," is calcu- 
 
 i it a Miiile from the survivors of our cavalry, when they 
 
 recollect that they had to furnish their own horses, and that nearly 
 
 all their ,mn> \\ere captured from the enemy. 
 
 On the 6th of August, Halleck telegraphed McClellan : "You 
 will immediately send a regiment of cavalry and several batteries 
 of artillery to Burnside s command at Aquia Creek. It is reported 
 that Jackson is moving North with a very large force." 
 
 Pope was now calling lustily for re-inforcements, and they were 
 getting badly scared at Washington. 
 
 BATTLE OF CKDAR RUN OR SLAUGHTER S MOUNTAIN. 
 
 Having been informed that a portion of Pope s force was at 
 Culpeper C. H., on the 6th of August, General Jackson determined 
 to advance against it, with the hope of defeating it before re-inforce 
 ments could arrive, and orders were given for that purpose. At 
 this time Ewell s division was encamped near Liberty Mills, on the 
 road to Madison C. H., Hill s at Orange C. H., and Jackson s in 
 the vicinity of (iordonsvillc, while the cavalry watched the cross 
 ings of the Rapidan. Kwell s division moved first and crossed 
 the Rapidan, at Liberty Mills, early on the morning of the 7th, 
 In-ing preceded by the 6th Virginia cavalry, under Colonel T. S. 
 HOurnoy, and White s company. The cavalry moved out in 
 the direction of Madison C. H.. while Kwell turned to the right 
 and moved to the vicinity of Barnett s Ford, where a road to 
 Culpeper C. H. crosses the Rapidan, and bivouacked for the night. 
 The other divisions were to cross at this ford on the 8th and follow 
 Kwell s. Early on the morning of the Sth Kwell s division moved 
 past Barnett s Ford, and drove a cavalry picket from it. Robert 
 son then crossed at that ford with three of his regiments, and, 
 passing to the front, encountered a considerable force of the 
 enemy s cavalry, which he drove across Robertson River, on the 
 road to Culpeper C. H., pursuing it some three or four miles 
 beyond that river. E well s division crossed Robertson River 
 early in the day, and bivouacked on its north bank, to await the 
 arrival of the other divisions to within supporting distance. Jack 
 son s division crossed at Barnett s Ford late in the day, but no 
 part of Hill s crossed until the morning of the gth. 
 
On the morning of that day, Ewell s division moved to the front 
 with my brigade in advance, until we reached the point to which 
 Robertson had advanced with his cavalry, and we found it about 
 eight or nine miles from Culpeper C. H.. confronted by a consid 
 erable force of the enemy s cavalry in some fields between the 
 Culpeper road and Slaughter s .Mountain on the right. 
 
 Between the Culpeper road and and tilt base <>\ the mountain, 
 there is a valley, on a branch ol Cedar Run, in which are the 
 large fields of several adjacent larms. the valley as well a* the 
 mountain being entirely on the Mast or right of the road. The 
 country on the West or left of the road, .it this point, is mostly 
 wooded, and the road crosses one or two small streams or rivulets 
 running from the Wc>t. leaving narrow .strips of woodland on the 
 side next the valley, which is otherwise cleared of timber to and 
 beyond the northern end ol tin- mount. tin: on the northern slope 
 of which is the farm and dwelling of the Rev. Mr. Slaughter. 
 Cedar Run flows beyond, in a south-easterly direction, past the 
 base ol the northern end >! the mountain. 
 
 After a reconnoi.ssance ol the eneinv s cavalry, some pieces of 
 artillery opened fire on it. causing it !< retire; but some of the 
 enemy s pieces, which were concealed irom our \ iew. soon re 
 sponded, and the cavalry returned to it> former position. 
 
 My brigade was now moved out on the Culpeper road, to its 
 intersection with a road irom Madi^m C. H. about a mile from the 
 point at which we found Robertson. It was here concealed from 
 the v.iew ot the enemy by the woods, and his t av airy was con 
 cealed from my view by an intervening ridge in the field where 
 it was posted. Trimble * brigade was moved t< . the right into a 
 body of pines near the base of the mountain. I lays s brigade, under 
 Colonel l- orno. being in the rear, near a house at which we found 
 Robertson. 
 
 About one o clock, in the afternoon, I received an order from 
 General Jackson, through a staff ofiicer. to advance with my brigade 
 
 on the road to Culpeper C. H.. with the inform. lion that ( ieneral 
 Kwell would advance, . u the rioht. over the northern slope of the 
 mountain, with his other two brigades, and that I would be- followed 
 and supported by General Winder with three bri-ades of Jackson s 
 division. Lawton s bein-. m the rear -uardin- the trains; but I 
 was directed not to begin the movement until Winder was in reach 
 and ready to follow me. 
 
1 1 
 
 While \\.iitinv: to hear trom Winde: ;t son and 
 
 mvM-lt i <U- out into the ti-kl> on my right, to ascertain the exact 
 
 portion of tin- enemy s cavalry. The road, a short distance in 
 
 mv t! a small stream running from the left, ami then 
 
 :i a large body of woods, leaving a long narrow strip 
 
 on the side next the enemy s cavalry. 1 ronld not therefore move 
 
 the road by Hank in safety, and determined to move obliquely 
 
 across the road U|KIII the enemy, and then through the fields in 
 
 line. 
 
 On my return to my command. 1 found a messenger from Winder, 
 with the information that he was ready. 
 
 The brigade, \\hich had been diminished on the advance, in the 
 morning, by a regiment and six companies of another detached to 
 picket some side roads, was then moved into a meadow on the 
 stream in my front, on the right of the road, and from that point 
 advanced against the enemy, with the i^th Virginia, under Colonel 
 James A. Walker, deployed as skirmishers to cover my left Hank. 
 Colonel Walker was ordered to advance to the front through the 
 woods, clear the road, and gradually oblique to the right, so as to 
 rejoin the brigade on its left, as it moved to the front through tin- 
 fields. The left of Colonel Walker s skirmish line encountered 
 alniut a squadron of cavalry, on moving forward, which uAs driven 
 orfby a fire from that Hank, and when the brigade reached tin- 
 crest of the ridge, behind which the main l>ody of the cavalry was 
 posted, the latter was found mounted with the vedettes dra\\n in. 
 the alarm of approaching danger having been given by the firing 
 on Walker s left. A few shots from the brigade, and from tin- 
 right of Walker s skirmishers, sent the enemy scampering to tin 
 rear. The brigade then wheeled to the left and moved forward 
 through the fields, until it came to a farm road leading from Mrs. 
 Crittenden s house, on the right, to and across the Cul|>e|>er road. 
 
 At the point where the farm road crossed the Culpcper road, 
 the latter emerged from the woods, and. running for alxwt three 
 hundred yards, with a prolongation of the main body of woods 
 on the left and a field on its right, passed lietween a whcatfield on 
 the left and a cornfield wn the right, and then crossed a ridge. 
 
 Walker had continued to cover my left with his skirmishers, 
 but he now rejoined the brigade and formed his regiment on its 
 left Hank. 
 
Tin- brigade had advanced al)otit a half or three quarters of a 
 mile \ery rapidly, after coining upon the enemy s cavalry, and time 
 was given it to breathe a few minutes. 
 
 A fence enclosing the field in our front, and beside which the 
 larm road ran. was then pulled down, and the brigade advanced 
 into the held to the crest o| a low ridge, when a considerable bodv 
 of the ememy s cavalry was discovered drawn ii|> on the ridge on 
 the opposite .side of the \\he.ittield. in front of a body of woods on 
 that ridge ; and at the same time three batteries of artillery opened 
 from behind the crest of the same rid^c. ami in our front. 
 
 No mlantry had yet been seen, but it uas manifest, from the 
 boldness with which the cavalry confronted us. and the opening ot 
 the batteries, that there must rn- a heavy force of infantry concealed 
 by the rid^e in our front, and I then-fop- halted the brigade, and 
 made the men rover themselves as well as they could. 1>\- moving 
 a tew steps to the rear and lyinjj d<>\\n. I then sent a request to 
 ( ieneral Winder to move up. 
 
 The position \\hich I now occupied, uas in an uncultivated field 
 in Mrs. Oittcndcn s farm. Immediately on my rij^ht. but a little 
 advanced. uas a clump of cedars, on the most elevated part of the 
 ground, from \\hieh point there was a slope, to the ri^ht. to lo\\ 
 fields or bottoms on the branch of Cedar Run. all the country be 
 tween us and the l.,ts<- ot the mountain, the northern extremity ot 
 which wa.s opposite my rijjit. consisting of cleared fields. ( )n my 
 left was the body of woods beside which the road ran. and in front 
 ot this \\oods \\.is the \\heatticld. with the shock.s of wheat still 
 standing, in the hollow between the two ridges and at the upper 
 nd o! that hollow. Immediately in my front the ground sloped 
 down to ,i small drain running from the wheattield a< ross the road, 
 and beyond that drain was the cornfield. 
 
 On the left ot the road, \\here it crossed the rid^e in my front, 
 was the body of woods in front of which the eavalry was dra\\ n up. 
 but there uas none on the ri^ht of the road. 
 
 Immediately after sending back for \\ inder, I sent for some ar 
 tillery, but my request had been anticipated, and Captain Brown 
 of the Chesapeake Artillery, with one ^ un from his battery, and 
 Captain Dement of the 1st Maryland Battery, with three ^uns. soon 
 came dashing up through the fields, and were posted near the 
 clump ot cedars. They immediately opened on the enemy s cav- 
 
3 
 
 airy .uul artil .- -ing tin- former t retire >peedily. through 
 
 tin- ridge. (ieneral Wiiuier, moving l>v think along 
 
 rame up with his advance, and some of the guns of 
 
 Hi s di\i>ion were brought into action, near the point where 
 
 .id t -nit Tges from the woods, under the supervision of Major 
 
 Andreu-v chief of artillery for the division. Kwell had by this 
 
 time readied the plateau on the northern slope of the mountain, 
 
 and raiiM-d two batteries with him lo open also on the enemy. 
 
 I had posted a regiment, the 12th (ieorgia, on the right of 
 Hn .\\n s and Dement s guns to protect them, as there was a wide 
 -red space between them and Ewell s position on the moim- 
 
 
 cannonade hail now lx-eome very brisk, anil I discovered 
 that line of the enemy s batteries had been compelled to change 
 it> position. 
 
 As the brigades under Winder came up. they were moved into 
 the woods confronting the wheatfield on the left of the road. Heing 
 in a |Msition to observe the nature of the ground in front, I sent 
 the information to (ieneral Winder that, by moving a force around 
 the upper end of the wheatfield. and through the woods on the 
 opposite ridge, he could get on the rlank ol the enemy s batteries. 
 In a few moments, however, I discovered, by the glistening of the 
 muskets and bayonets in that wood, though the men could nt be 
 seen, that the enemy was stealthily sending an infantry force to our 
 left, and I immediately sent a start officer to inform (ieneral Win 
 der of the fact, and caution him to look out for his lefrrlank. My 
 messenger found that that gallant officer had just been mortally 
 wounded by a shell, and tin- message was delivered to ( ieneral 
 Jackson in IKTSOII, he having arrived on the field. 
 
 (ieneral Win. H. Taliaferro now succeeded to the command of 
 the three brigades of Jackson s division that were up. Taliaferro s 
 own brigade, now commanded by Colonel Taliaferro, was imme 
 diately on my leftJones s brigade, under Colonel (iarnett. was 
 on the left of Taliaferro s, facing the wheatfield. with its left extend 
 ing to another narrow field running back from the wheatfield. 
 Winder s brigade, the .Stonewall, under Colonel Ronald, was in 
 reserve in rear of Garnett s left. 
 
 When the artillery fire had continued about two hours after tin 
 enemy s batteries first opened on my brigade, I discovered his in 
 
fantry advancing in line through t ho rorn field, preceded by a line 
 of skirmishers, hut it halted and Liy down before >etlinj; within 
 musket ranije. beinii partially mm ealcd by tin- jLn\\ini corn 
 which was iimn- than head hiih. This line of infantry overlapped 
 
 my ri^ht flank, and I sent a request to < iencral lackson for a bri 
 gade to post on that flank, and it was promised. Melon- it arrived, 
 however, two batteries attached to Hill s divison. IVin ram s and 
 ! leet s, which eaine upon the IK -Id in ad\ anee <>t the di\ ision. sud 
 denly da>hed t<> tht In. nt of the left of my brigade, and commen- 
 eed imlimherinjr \vithin musket ran^e ni the enemy s skirmishers, 
 which, with the line in rc.tr. immediately arose and ad\aneed firing. 
 Seeing th.it the 541 ins \\onld IK captured or disabled, unless sup 
 ported immediately. 1 ordi-ivd my brigade t >r\v.ird at a doiible- 
 (juiek, and it ai i i\ --d just in time ti> sa\ e the ^mis. About this time. 
 Major Snowden .\ndre\\s. while mo\ inj^ sme if the yuns of |aek- 
 soii s di\ ision to an ad \ a need j iositn in. rvri\ d a Iri^ htful \\ omul 
 li om ,i bursting shell, \\hirh th< >III^CMH-, jui mounted mortal, but 
 the Major determined t<> li\e. and did live and re< n\cr in spite oi" 
 
 As soon as tht safety of Hill s batteries was seeured. the r Jth 
 < .eor-ia was mo\ed up. and posted on the crest of a small ridj^e 
 leading out troin th-- main one and around in front of .he clump of 
 cedars, s< as to ha\<- an i>li(|u< flank lire <n the nem\ immedi 
 ately in trout of the brigade. l.ari<- bi.cli-s i| intantrv had n.w 
 advanced through the \\ heatfield. anl ayain^t < .ainett s extreme 
 left, nnd t!ie ( -n^avM uit-ut berame yenei-al alon^ the fmnt. and ra^ed 
 with vjreat fury. Just as I had posted th- I Jth < .ct.r^ia on the ri^ht 
 of my bri-ade. Th- .m.,s s ( , -,., bri-ade of Hill s di\ ision. having 
 arrived in advance of the div ision, , auu to my assistance, by ( ,111- 
 t-ral Jackson s order as promised, and I pr-.t ceded to post it m 
 the n^ht of the i jth ( ,eor-ia. on the extension of tin- same rid^e. 
 so as to confront the force overlapping my ri-ht. While doiu^ 
 tiiis the left and centre of my o\\ n brigade \\ercconcealed from 
 my view, and .m riding ba. k I found that the batteries of Hill s 
 division to th<- support of which niv brigade had ^one. were mov 
 ing to the rear, and the left and centre- r<--iments \\ ,-re lallin- back 
 obliquely from the woods on their left. 1 at once ordered a staff 
 officer to -allop t, the retiring regiments and brin-. them back. 
 
Thr i -tli . lM ,i a p ()I 
 
 tinii .! the 5*th Vir-inia \\n Mill holding tlu-ir position ,n th- 
 .ind I rod<- to them ami urged their eomm.mders to hold 
 11 haxards, as other troops would soon come to 
 our i- Captain Win. F. Brown, commanding the i2th 
 
 plied very promptly : "General, my ammunition is near- 
 ly exhausted, don t you think I had better charge them ?" I could 
 but IK: struck with admiration at the coolness and determination of 
 the old man. for he was then sixty five years of age, but I said to 
 him : "Captain, it" we Gin hold on until other troops come up we 
 will do very well." And here I must relate something of the his 
 tory of Captain Brown. He had been with General Ned Johnson 
 at Alleghany Mountains, and with General Jackson in his Valley 
 campaign, from McDowell to Port Republic, but he had then re 
 signed. A few days before the battle of Cedar Run. he reported 
 for duty, and told me that, after the termination of the- Val 
 ley campaign, he had concluded that, as he was old and had a son 
 who was first Lieutenant of his company, it was his duty to go 
 home and look after the old woman (as he termed her) and Un 
 rest of the children so he had sent in his resignation and got a 
 leave of absence. 
 
 He then went home and stayed about two weeks, but, IK- said : 
 "General. I saw so many young men lying around doing nothing. 
 
 when they ought to be in the army, that I swore, I d be,d d it 
 
 I would stay among them so I came back to Richmond, withdrew 
 my resignation, and I have come to report to you for duty." 
 
 There being no field -officer present with the regiment, he, being 
 the senior captain, was put in command of the i 2th Georgia. If 
 I had given the word he would have charged the whole force in 
 our front, and tin- I2th Georgia would promptly have obeyed his 
 order, for it never did know how to refuse to fight. I will add 
 that his regiment was not long afterwards transferred to Trimble s 
 brigade, and when General Trimble was wounded on the 2<jth ot 
 August, Captain Brown, as the senior officer present, succeeded to 
 the command of the brigade, though only a captain : and he was 
 killed at Ox Hill in command of it, on the ist of September- 
 No braver or truer man fell during the entire war. 
 
 Returning from this episode to the battle I was describing, 1 will 
 state that my brigade, with the assistance of the guns of Brown and 
 Dement as well as those of Pcgram and Fleet, which rendered very 
 
efficient service with cannister, had kept the enemy .it bay in the 
 cornfield ; bill, further t<> the lelt. the enemy hud attacked very 
 fiercely (iarnett s front, while u heavy lone \\.is thrown upon Ins 
 left, compelling it to give way. The enemy then got in his rear, 
 and the whole brigade was toned to retire, when the attacking 
 force assailed the left and re.ir of Tuliaferro s brigade in the woods, 
 which likewise gave way. but n<t until Colonel Tuliuferro had made 
 an obstinate resistunc- with the regiments on the right of the bri 
 gade. He was, however, compelled to order those regiments to 
 tall back also. The enemy, now having possession of the woods 
 on the lelt ol my brigade, opened tin- on thai Hank, while it was 
 exposed to another in ironi. 1 he centre regiments tir>t ga\c 
 way, but Colonel \\ alker still maintained his position, with his own 
 regiment and a portion ol the :, i M Virginia, in support of the but 
 teries, until all the piece> were carried off solely, and the enemy 
 had penetrated into the field in his rear. 1 le then ordered his reg 
 iment and the portion ol the .}IM with him. to lall back obliquely 
 Ironi the woods. It was ]iist at this crisis that I came in \ iew of 
 that part ol tin- field alter porting Thomas. 
 
 The latter held his position firmly on the right, keeping the 
 enemy s 1 elt in du-ck. \\ hil pouring u lest IIK ti\ e lire into its ranks. 
 The uth ( ieoi-oia. the lour companies < ! tlu sjnd. und the portion 
 ol the S S tli,snl] held then ^r"uud. |{i i>\\n s ,md I )ement s i>uns 
 continuing a deslnu li\<- tin- ol < .innistcr into \\}<- enenu in lf<mt 
 ol those commands ( apt.uu^ I )i >\\ u and 1 ^enuiit themseKcs ser 
 ving their pieces when l!)en men were exhausted. Yerv so(.n, 
 Branch s, Archer s and I Vnder s brigades <,f 1 \\}\\ di\ ision arrived. 
 and were mo\ ed loi ward "ii tin- lett <; the i..id. spct-dily clearing 
 the woods ot thceneim \\ mdei s brigade. nnd-r Colonel Ronald, 
 gallantly and etticiently co opei atin^. Then-tiring regiments ol 
 my brigade wen- >< < MI rallied and n-t urned ii iln I rout, as w as t In 
 case also with 1 aliaterro s bi i^ade. 
 
 Just as Hill s brigades had reudud tlie rd^e of the \\heuilield. 
 in the pursuit ot tin in w retreating enemy, and Taliah-rro -, bi igad- 
 and my regiments were pressing ! >rw anl . >n tin u right, tin -m-my 
 made a desperate effort to retrieve the toi times of the day by a 
 cavalry charge. Siuldenly a body of cavalry came charging over 
 the ridge and along the road, getting ;<. within Sorty or titty steps 
 ot ( ieiu-ral I aliaterro and my sell, who were directing our respective 
 commands, when the men. without attempting anv formation, pour- 
 
ed a M.lley into the head i.| tin- barging column, \vhirli raused it 
 to turn abruptly t its right, through the wheatiield. \\hen it re 
 ived rakin^ volleys from HiH s brigades, as it ran the gauntlet, 
 
 \vhirh many >addle> \\ere emptied. This ended the r mtest and 
 i >ed on in pursuit. The troops in in.nt of Thomas 
 
 were tin- last to give way, but they >,MMI followed the K treating 
 ma 
 lt was now nearly flight, but our troops ctmtiniied to pursue the 
 my. Field s Louisiana brigade, under Colonel 
 
 Stafford, of Hill s di\ i>ion. \\ hi, h arrived just as the action cloeed, 
 taking the It- 
 
 The pursuit \\as i .-nt in ued al>out a mile and a hall", when fresh 
 
 troops of encountered, which had just arrived. 
 
 There \\a> BOOM artillery firing ^ at this point, but the pursuit now 
 
 :t had become dark, and Colonel \Vm. E. Jones, in 
 
 th fr..nt with his regiment, the ;th Virginia Cavalry, 
 
 had raptured the negro sen-ant of a Federal officer, from whom it 
 
 wa^ ued that Sigel s corps had arrived. There was there- 
 
 .1 halt for the night. 
 
 Trimble s and Hays s brigades had not been engaged, but the 
 two batteries, which Ewell had on the plateau on the mountain, 
 and were supported by those brigades, had rendered efficient 
 service. 
 
 General Kwell had not Ix-en able to advance against the enemy 
 during the engagement, by reason of the artillery fire from our 
 batteries, which swept the valley in his front ; but when the retreat 
 of the enemy began, he moved down and joined the main column 
 before the pursuit ended. 
 
 The troops we had engaged and defeated were those of Banks s 
 corps mainly, but l>efore the action or rather the pursuit closed. 
 Pope arrived with Rickett s division of McDowell s corps, which. 
 he says, "just at dusk, came up and joined in the engagement. 
 Rickett s division numbered over 8,000 men. Sigel s corps arrived 
 subsequently. 
 
 We had only eight brigades actually engaged, to wit : three of 
 Jackson s division, four of Hill s, and my own. Kwell, however, 
 was within supporting distance with two others. Lawton s brigade 
 of Jackson s division and Gregg s brigade of Hill s division were 
 in the rear guarding the trains, which the enemy s cavalry was re- 
 
Ift 
 
 ported to be threatening. Field s and Stafford s brigades did not 
 arrive until the close of the action, and a part ot "my brigade was 
 absent on picket duty as before stated. 
 
 A reconnoissance made next morning by the cavalry, under the 
 charge of General Stuart, who had arrived on a tour of inspection, 
 disclosed the tact that the greater part ot Pope s army had arrived, 
 and the rest was coming up. 
 
 General |ackson. therefore, did not deem it prudent to push on. 
 There was some artillery tiring that morning at long range, but in 
 the afteriuion we tell back to the vicinity of the battlefield. On the 
 next day. Pope sent a flag of truce, requesting permission to bury 
 his dead, and carry otl his wounded, and it was granted until two 
 o clock, P. M., but subsequently extended, until all his dead were 
 buried. 
 
 I \\ason the field in person during the existence ot the truce, 
 and the greater part ol the enemy s dead \\eiv taken from the 
 cornfield in front of the positions occupied by my brigade and 
 Thomas s. 1 had. on that day. with details from my own brigade, 
 ninety-eight ol our dead buried, which were found in the woods 
 where Jackson s division had fought, and had been overlooked by 
 their proper commands. I also had MX wagon loads ot small 
 arms, that the enemy had left on the field, carried to the rear. 
 They had been stacked by the command assigned to that duty, 
 the clay before, but had not been carried off. though a larger 
 number had been sent to the rear. The eneim on this day. 
 buried something over six hundred dead that were lying on the field. 
 
 On the night of the nth. \\e began retiring t< the rear, ami 
 returned to our former positions near Gordonsville, on the i^th. 
 \Ve captured one piece of artillery, .md something over ti\ e 
 thousand stand of small arms. 
 
 Our loss was, in killed 22$, wounded i.o(x>. and missing" ^i- in 
 all 1-^14. 
 
 Pope does not give in numbers his lo>s. but says it was heavy. 
 He had now seen something more of the "rebels" than their 
 backs, and was destined soon to behold other new and more 
 startling sights. 
 
 In his official report, he says: 
 
 "The consolidated report of Gr-neral Bar.ks s "orps, reo. vi d 
 some days previously, exhibited an effective force of something 
 over fourteen thousand men. Appended herewith will be found 
 
the i<-tuin in question. It appeau jiienlly. however. that. 
 
 I irneral Hank- at that time did not exceed eight thousand 
 
 nu-ii. Hut although I several times called General Hanks s atten 
 
 tion to the tlix Tepancy between this return and the force he 
 
 .ittet \\.mU Mated to me he had led to front, that discrepancy has 
 
 ; explained and I do not yet understand ho\v General 
 
 Hank* could have been so greatly mistaken as to the forces under 
 
 minaml." 
 
 Th-n follows the return, as follows : 
 
 INFANTRY. ARTILLERY. CAVALRY. TOTAL. 
 
 "ist Army Corps [Sigel s] 10.550 948 1.730 13.228 
 
 2(1 Army Corps [Hanks s] 13.343 .224 4.104 18.671 
 
 3d Army Corps [Me Powell s] 17,604 971 2,904 21,479 
 
 Total. 41.497 3!43 *.73* 
 
 Deduct infantry brigade stationed at Winchester, 2.500 
 Deduct regiment and battery at 1-mnt Royal, 
 Deduct cavalry unfit for sen ice, 
 
 53.37 s 
 
 6,500 
 
 Total. 47.* S 7* 
 
 I certify that this is a true copy of the consolidated morning 
 report of the Army of Virginia, dated July 3ist. 1862, com 
 manded by Major < ieneral Pope." 
 
 MYKR ASCH. Captain and Aide-de-Camf" 
 
 Pope seems to be surprised that Hanks could not explain the 
 discrepancy alxmt his strength, between his official return and his 
 statement after he had fought Jackson at Cedar Run. The fact is 
 that Hanks s mind always did become confused when Stonewall 
 Jackson was aUuit. In his report. Po|>e further says: The day 
 of the loth was intensely hot. and the troops on both sides were 
 too much fatigued to renew the action. My whole effective force 
 on that day, exclusive of Hanks s corps, which was in no condition 
 for sen-ice, was about twenty thousand artillery and infantry, and 
 about two thousand cavalry ; General Huford with the cavalry force 
 under his command, not yet having been able to join the main 
 body." 
 
20 
 
 King s division of McDowell s corps came up on the evening of 
 the 1 1 th. and Pope then had his entire army concentrated. It will 
 thus be seen that it was a very prudent step on General Jackson s 
 part to retire on the night of the i ith. 
 
 It is hard to tell what it was that prevented Buford from joining 
 the main body. ( >n the 8th. lie sent a dispatch, by signal, from 
 Madison C. H.. to Banks, which is given by Pope as follows: "All 
 of my force is withdrawn from Madison Court House, and is in re 
 treat toward Sperryx ille. The enemy is in torce on both my right 
 and left, and in my rear. I may be cut oft." 
 
 1 can t conceive what it was that scared him so badly. Robert 
 son, with all his brigade except one regiment, was driving another 
 body of the enemy s cavalry across Robertson River on the 8th. 
 The 6th Virginia Cavalry and White s company moved in the 
 direction ol Madison C. H. on the jth. and separately encountered 
 portions ol the enemy s cavalry which they drove before them. 
 Perhaps, ii was this regiment and company which alarnied Bulord. 
 
 The very presence ot ( ieiieral |ai kson in the \ icinity of ( iordons- 
 ville had bewildered the minds, and excited anew the tears of the 
 authorities at Washington : and on the ^d ot August the peremptory 
 order was given tor the evacuation ot Harrison s Landing, and the 
 re-inforcement ol Pope by McClellan s army. In his reply to some 
 questions propounded by the committee on the conduct of the 
 war. in May iN^s. Pope said : 
 
 "Jackson \\.is at Gordonsville on the 41)1 ot August, the day 
 
 that General McClellan recei\ed orders to \\itluiraw from the 
 Peninsula; and the battle of Cedar Mountain was fought on the 
 ijth of August, by the three corps under Jack-on his own. Kwell s 
 and A. P. Hill s, supported by I.ongMreet s corps behind the 
 Rapidan." 
 
 ( )n the 6th of August. Hal! -ck. in a letter to McClellan. said: 
 "Nou and your officers at our interview estimated the enemy s 
 forces in and around Richmond at two hundred thousand men. 
 Since then, you and others report that they have received and are 
 receiving large re-inforcements from the South. General Pope s 
 army, covering Wash ngion is only about forty thousand. Your 
 effective torce is only about ninety thousand. You are thirty miles 
 trom Richmond, and ( ieneral Pope eighty or ninety, with the enemy 
 
ly I- .on ready to fall \\itli hi* superior numbers upon 
 
 one MI- the other as he may elect: neither can re-imi.ive tin- other 
 
 Midi an attack." i 
 
 On the gth he telegraphed McClellan : 
 
 n ot the opinion the enemy is massing his forces in front of 
 t ieiier.il> I ope and Burnside, and that he expects to crush them 
 and move forward to the Potomac. You must send re-inforce- 
 nients instantly to Acjuia Creek" 
 
 Alter the battle of Cedar Run, the spectre of "overwhelming 
 numbers" at Richmond, and a speedy advance on Washington, 
 assumed a fearful shape, and Halleck became frantic in his direc 
 tions to McClellan to hasten the evacuation, and send forward 
 re-inforcements to avert the threatened disaster. Burnside, with 
 13.000 men from the coast of North Carolina, on his way to join 
 McClellan. had previously been diverted from that destination 
 and sent to the vicinity of Fredericksburg. 
 
 On the I4th in response to Halleck, McClellan telegraphed : 
 
 "Movement has commenced by land and water. All sick will be 
 away to-morrow night. Kvery thing done to carry out your 
 orders. I don t like Jackson s movements; he will suddenly 
 appear when least expected." 
 
 There were none on that side who did like Jackson s movements 
 when he was on the war-path ; and on this occasion he certainly 
 caused Richmond to be entirely relieved of the danger of a 
 threatened siege, not to be renewed for the period of two years, 
 and until he himself was in his grave. 
 
 On the 1 4th of August, Reno, with S.ooo men of Burnside s 
 corps joined Po|>e s army. 
 
 ADVANCE AGAINST POPE. 
 
 Having ascertained that McClellan was sending troops to re 
 inforce Pope, General Lee. on the i^th, ordered General Long- 
 street, with his division, I). R. Jones s division, two brigades under 
 (General Hood, and Evans s brigade to Gordonsville. General 
 Stuart was ordered to the same vicinity with Fit/ Lee s brigade 
 of cavalry, and General R. H. Anderson was ordered to follow 
 Longstreet with his division. Longstreet having arrived, General 
 Jackson s command was moved in the direction of Somerville Ford 
 on the Rapidan, on the I5th, and camped three or four miles from 
 
the ford. The command had not been increased since the battle 
 of Cedar Run. but Laxx ton s brigade had been transferred to Kxx ell s 
 division, and the Louisiana brigade, previously under Colonel Staf 
 ford but now under ( ieneral Starke, had been transferred from Hill s 
 division to Jackson s. A day or two before the joth. the 49th Vir 
 ginia, under Colonel \Ym. Smith, joined my brigade, and this con 
 stituted the sole accession to (ieneral Jackson s command; but it 
 did not number one-third of the loss at Cedar Run. 
 
 (ieneral Lee having arrived and assumed command, a forward 
 movement was commenced on the 2<>th. which xx as to haxe begun 
 on the i Nth; but I ope. having learned the intended movement from 
 a dispatch to Stuart, which was captured by a party ol the enemy s 
 cavalry, hastily retired across the Rappahannock. ( )n the 2oth. 
 (ieneral Jackson crossed at Sonu-rv ille Kord. and bivouacked for 
 the night near Stexensburg in Culp -per County. He was preced 
 ed by three regiments ol Robertson s cavalry brigade, aeeom 
 panied by ( ieneral Stuart in person. ( >n the same day Longstreet. 
 preceded by 1-it/. Lees brigade ol cavalrv. crossed lower doxx n at 
 Raccoon I ord. and moved to the vicuutv ot Kelley s Lord on the 
 Rappahannock. Robertson s cavalry eneoiinteivd a superior force 
 ot the enemy s cavalry near Br.mdv Station. v\ hich was drixen 
 across the Rappahannock. after a sharp engagement. Kit/ Lee 
 also encountered a force ot cavalrv at Kelley .s l- ord. and drove it 
 across the river. 
 
 On the _MM. ( icneral Jackson ino\ed past Brandy Station to 
 Beverly s !-ord on the Rappahannock. at which point. Stuart, xx ho 
 preceded the infantry column with Robertson s brigade and txvo 
 regiments of Kit/ Lee s, under Colonel Rosser. sent Rosser across 
 with his two regiments, ami Robertson crossed subsequently at a 
 lord farther up. There was he, ivy artillerv tiring here across the 
 river from both sides, but the enemy appealing on the oj>posite 
 bink in large force, it xvas determined to seek a crossing farther to 
 our left Rosser and Robertson having been withdrawn on the ap 
 proach ot the enemy in force. 
 
 ( )n the next day. the JJnd. ( ieneral Jackson crossed Ha/el River 
 and moved to a point opposite the Kauquicr Sulphur Springs, 
 KwelTs division being in the advance: but Trimble s brigade was 
 left near the crossing of Ha/el River to protect the trains as they 
 passed. In the meantime Longstreet had moved up from Kelley s 
 n order to cover the ford at the rail-road bridge and the 
 
to ma^k ( "inn-Mi Jackson -* movrnirnt t- the 
 left. Taliafrn-o had been Irtt with Jackson s division to COVCT IMA 
 
 i until relieved, and there was again some cannonading at 
 that point across the river in the morning. In die afternoon, a con 
 siderable force i tin- ninny which had crossed at I- reeman s Ford, 
 thr iuiH-iion of the two streams, was attacked by Trimble s 
 brigade, support* <1 bv Hood s two brigades, which had arrived to 
 relieve it. and, after a severe conflict. Trimble succeeded in driving 
 the enemy across the river with severe loss. 
 
 Late in the afternoon, the i^th (Georgia regiment of Lawton s 
 brigade, ami Brown s and Dement s batteries were crossed over the 
 river at the Sulphur Springs, a small force of cavalry having retired 
 on our advance, after destroying the bridge. My own brigade was 
 crossed over about a mile lower down, and moved to the front, 
 where I took |>osition in a body of pine woods. I was told that 
 I-awton would cross with his whole brigade at the Springs, and 1 
 was directed to communicate with him. It was intended that 1 lavs s 
 brigade should cross at the same point at which I crossed, but be 
 fore I got over it was nearly night, and the crossing of that brigade 
 was deferred until the- next morning. It was dark before my bri 
 gade was in position and pickets thrown out. I found on my left 
 a road leading through the woods from Rappahannock Station to 
 the Springs, and as soon as my dispositions were made I sent a 
 volunteer aide. Major A. L. Pit/er. to rind General I.awton at the 
 Springs. It was now quite dark ; there had been a heavy shower 
 in the afternoon, and the muttering of thunder and flashing of light 
 ning foretold a storm. On re-aching the vicinity of the Springs, 
 the Major came upon a party of cavalry -men, a sergeant and five 
 privates, to whom his presence was disclosed by the flash of the 
 lightning. He was immediately made a prisoner and disarmed, 
 when this party, which passed up the road just l>cfore my arrival, 
 started back with him; but he so worked upon their tears that he 
 brought in the whole party as prisoners, with their horses, arms 
 and equipments. This incident prevented any further effort to 
 communicate with General Lawton that night. 
 
 During the night, the threatened storm burst upon us. and tin- 
 rain poured down in torrents. At light next morning I discovered 
 ihe Rappahannock out of its banks, and I found myself cut off 
 from the rest of the army except the force at the Springs. In a 
 
short time I received a verbal message from General Jackson, by 
 a sergeant of one of the batteries at the Springs, which had Ix-en 
 communicated across the river ; and by this I was directed to 
 move up to the Springs, take command of all the forces there, and 
 make preparations lor defence-. I was also informed that only the 
 i }th Georgia, under Colonel Douglas, of Lawton s brigade, had 
 crossed over at the Springs : and that ( ieneral Jackson was having 
 the bridge repaired, and would have it in condition for infantry to 
 pass over as soon as possible. 
 
 I had previously sent a note to General Kwell or General Jack 
 son, whichever should be first met with, suggesting that my 
 brigade and the force at the Springs be moved up the river to 
 Waterloo bridge, to escape capture, which seemed to be inevitable 
 under the circumstances. This had been sent by a messenger 
 with directions to him to swim the river, and. alter the delivery ol 
 the verbal message. I received a note from General Jackson, in 
 reply to mine, in which the verbal instructions wen.- repeated, and 
 1 was further directed, if the enemy appeared in too heavy force for 
 me, to move up the river along the bank to Waterloo bridge, with 
 the assurance that he would follow on tin- other side with his whole 
 force and protect me with his artillery. I moved up to the Springs 
 as soon as practicable, and posted my brigade in a woods, a short 
 distance be-low, near which Colonel Douglas had already posted 
 his regiment and the battcrie*. I found, north of the Springs, a 
 stream called Great Run. which emptied into the Rappahannock 
 below my position of the night before, and that \\.ts also impassi 
 ble, it being fortunately between us and the enemy. A bridge 
 over it, which was partially flooded, had been destroyed by 
 Colonel Douglas, and we were >ate tor a time at lea>t. Only a 
 small body of cavalry had at that time made its appearance on the 
 opposite side of this stream. In order to prevent surprise from 
 below, two regiments wore posted on the road from that direction, 
 and we awaited events with great anxiety. a> a matter of course. 
 My greatest apprehension was of a movement of the enemy from 
 the direction of Warrenton, but fortunately he had no force there 
 at that juncture. It took longer to repair the bridge than had 
 been expected, and in the meantime Great Run had fallen rapidly, 
 and in the afternoon was in a condition to be crossed. The enemv 
 was now moving up from below in heavy force, on a road that 
 ran beyond Great Run towards Warrenton. his trains and troops 
 
being partially visible t> uv M\ , < unmand ua> entirely concealni 
 fnnn tin- enemy by tlu- \\inuU in which it ua> pMcd. hut it \va> 
 evident tli.it In \\a^ a\\aiv >l the tail that a t> tin that Mde 
 
 of the n\er. and IPMII the caution with which lu- moved he must 
 have thought it very much larger than it really was. 
 
 The day before, Stuart, with his cavalry, had crossed at Watcr- 
 ridge above, and made a raid at night into Pope s head-quar 
 ter train near Catlett s Station he did not however get into his 
 addle. 
 
 He captured wh.it \\a> Mipposed to be Pope s uniform, and his 
 dispatch book, besides making captures of horses and prisoners, 
 and then retired in safety alter having created great dismay and 
 confusion. Fortunately for us, he did not capture General Pope 
 himself. The consternation produced by this raid doubtless con- 
 tributed \ IA ^i atly to the safety of mv command in its isolated 
 on. 
 
 I .ate ii the afternoon, a heavy column of infantry, accompanied 
 by artillery, made its appearance on the heights opposite my right 
 Hank. About this time, (fener.il Rol>ertson, who had Ijeen on the 
 raid with Stuart, arrived with two or three of his regiments and two 
 pieces of artillery, from the direction ot "Warrenton. and his pieces 
 were posted on a ridge north of the Springs, and opened on the 
 enemy. This tire was res|x>nded to by some of the enemy s guns, 
 and 1 had two Parrot guns of Brown s battery sent to the assist 
 ance ol Robertson s guns, when a brisk cannonade ensued which 
 lasted until near sunset. Care had been taken to post these guns 
 so far to my left, that the fire directed at them could not affect my 
 infantry. 
 
 After this artillery firing ceased, a column of the enemy s infant 
 ry advanced to the bank of Great Run, just in front of the right 
 of the woods in which my brigade was posted, and other bodies of 
 infantry were discovered moving around to the left, though bare 
 ly visible through the mist and approaching darkness. 
 
 The column that had reached Great Run, moved up and formed 
 line in front of the woods where my brigade was, and after giving 
 three cheers and a tiger in regular style, poured a volley into the 
 woods. Two of Dement s Napoleons were immediately run out 
 beyond my left, and opened with cannister on the enemy, causing 
 him to change his tune very suddenly. The fire from Dement s 
 
2h 
 
 guns had to be directed by tin- noise flie runny made, as the at 
 mosphere was ha/y and it was getting (lark. It was so well direc 
 ted, however, that the torn- that made the advance was thrown into 
 confusion, and soon retired. It w;s now evident that my command 
 was confronted by a .very heavy force, and that preparations were 
 bring made to surround it. 
 
 Another of Lawton s regiments had by this time crossed over on 
 the bridge, which had been partially repaired. I sent a messenger 
 to r.enerals Kwell and Jackson t<> inlonn them of the condition of 
 things, and the rest of Lawton s brigade was crossed over alter 
 n ght. \\ hen ( ienerai Lawlon himself arrived, about I o clock at 
 night, he inlonncd me that General Jackson had instructed ( icne- 
 ral Kwell to cross over him- elf at daylight, and it it was evident 
 that a heavy force was confronting me. to withdraw tin- two bri 
 gades, as it was not desired to ha\e a geneial engagement at that 
 place. ( )n hearing this. I immediately dispatched .1 messenger to 
 Kwell, to inform him that there was no doubt about the si/e ol the 
 enemv s force, and it we were to be withdraw n. the withdrawal had 
 better begin at once, as by dav break the nieiny would, in all prob 
 ability, have artillerv in- position to command the bridge, the 
 sound ol moving \\heels around to my left indicating some such 
 purpose. A little alter three o clock. ( ienerai Kwell cameoxer. 
 and after consultation with ( ienei aN I.awtn and mysell. gave the 
 necessary orders tor our withdrawal, though \ery reluctantly, as 
 he insisted the enemy was retreating. I .aw I mi s brigade went tirst, 
 carrying over the artillery bv hand, and my brigade followed just 
 as it became fairly light. 
 
 As Lwell and mvself rode ot! ;u rear ot iu\ brigade, the enemy s 
 infantr\ was discovered ad\ aneing in line, with skirmishers in trout, 
 and the < < >rps < >t Sigel. Hanks, and I\eu > ion passed over the \ ery 
 ground we had occupied, and tok posit. on near the Springs. A 
 heavv artillery duel then ensued betwt-en the hatterie- ol the enemy 
 and those of Hill s division nlii- h continued tor Nome hours. In 
 the atu-rnoon. Sigel pursued an imaginary foe in the directicm ol 
 Waterloo Bridge, as all of our cavalry as well as the iulaiitry and 
 artillery had recrossed the river in ^aletv. 
 
 ( )n the 2ist, Halleck telegraphed Tope : 
 
 "1 have just sent < ienerai Burn side s reply. < ienerai Cox s t a i es 
 are coming in from I arkersburg, and will be- here to-moirou and 
 
27 
 
 re\t day. I >is|>nte every inch of Around, and light like tin- devil 
 until we can re inforce you. Forts -right hours mon- and u 
 m.ik- s on strong enough. Don t yield an inrh if \ on ran In-lp it." 
 
 the 23d Pope telegraphed Hal leek : 
 
 I lie enemy s forces on this side, which have crossed at Sulphur 
 
 Springs and Hedgeman s river, are cut off from those on the other 
 
 I march at once with my whole force on Sulphur Springs. 
 
 Waterloo bridge, and Warrenton. ssith the hope to destroy these 
 
 forces before the river runs down." 
 
 On the 24th, at 3.45 P. M.. he wrote Halleck: 
 
 "I arrived in Warrenton last night; the enemy had left two 
 hours previously. Milroy s brigade, the advance of Sigel s corps, 
 came upon the enemy late yesterday afternoon near (ireat Run 
 about four miles from Warrenton Sulphur Springs, and near the 
 mouth of it. A sharp action took place, which lasted till dark, 
 the enemy being driven across (ireat Run. but destroying tin- 
 bridge behind him. Sigel s forces advanced again on tin- 
 left this morning, and when last heard Irom was pursuing tin- 
 enemy in the direction of Waterloo bridge. No force 
 of the enemy has yet Ix-cn able to cross, except that now enclosed 
 by our forces lx?twecn Sulphur Springs and Waterloo bridge, 
 which svill no doubt lx- captured, unless they Hiui some means, of 
 which I know nothing, of escaping across the river between these 
 places. 
 
 From these extracts, it svill bo seen in what a critical position 
 I had been, and how well Pope understood the condition of things. 
 
 On the 23d, some of Longstreet s batteries, supported by two 
 brigades of infantry, had forced a body of the enemy that were 
 across the river at Rappahannock Station, to recross at that point 
 over a pontoon bridge, which was destroyed by the enemy : and 
 on the 24th. the river still being impassable. Longstreet s whole 
 force had moved up to the support of (ieneral Jackson s command. 
 
 The dispatch book captured by Stuart disclosed the fact that 
 McClellan s army had evacuated Harrison s Landing, that a por 
 tion of it had already joint d Pope, that the remainder was being 
 s nt to him over the Orange and Alexandria rail-road, and that 
 Cox s troops from the Kanawha Valley were being brought over 
 the Baltimore and Oiiio rail-road for the same purpose, (ieneral 
 Lee, thereto. e, dcU rinined to send (ieneral Jackson to the rear of 
 

 28 
 
 Pope, to break the rail-road and thus separate him from tin .j 
 proaching re-inforcements, and to lollow with Longstreet : 
 mand as soon as General Jackson- was well on his way. 
 
 M<>\ LM1AT T( ) I ol LS Rl.AK. 
 
 The necessary orders having been given the !ay before, early 
 on the morning of the 2 % sih. < icncral Jackson mo\ed with his com 
 mand to Hinson s Mill, some miles above Waterloo Bridge, and 
 crossed the river, called hen- Hedgeman s River. Then moving 
 by Orlean, the command reached the vicinity ol Salem in Fauquier 
 County, and bivouacked tor the night. All baggage \vag<>ns had 
 been left behind, and n<> vehicles were allowed except ordnance 
 and hospital wagons, and ambulances, the men carrying three 
 days cooked rations in their haversacks. The jd Virginia 
 cavalry, under Colonel Muntord, preceded the command, picket 
 ing the side roads as the column passed on. Resuming the march 
 early on the 2Mb, we passed White Plains, moved through 
 Thoroughfare < iap in the Hull Run Mountain, and passing Hay- 
 market, reached iamesv illc, where the Manassas (iap rail-road 
 crosses the Warrenton turnpike. Stuart, witn the rest ot the 
 cavalry <>t I*it/ Lee s and Robertsons brigades, overtook us here 
 in the afternoon, having \<-ry earlx that morning left the south 
 bank of the Rappahannock. and followed ( ieneral Jackson s route. 
 From this point, tin- column mo\ed to\\ard> Hri>toe Station on 
 the rail-road, preceded by Muntord > regiment, which was fol 
 lowed by Hays s brigacie. ICwell s (iivision being in the advance. 
 Stuart s cavalry moved on the Hank >o a> to protect the column 
 from surprise or attack from the direction of the Rappahannock 
 or Warrcnton. Munford n-ached tln->tation near night and found 
 it guarded by a company of cavalry and a company of infantry. 
 The cavalry galloped off. but the inlantry took to the houses, and 
 while Munford s command \\.t> .skirmishing with it. a train ap 
 proached from the direction of the Kappahannock. which he 
 endeavored to stop or throw from the track by placing cross-ties 
 in tront. but the train ran over all obstacles, and escaped in the 
 direction of Manassas. Hays s brigade, under Colonel I- orno.soon 
 arrived, and two other trains that were following were stopped 
 and captured by it. Muntord captured some prisoners and horses. 
 The attention ol (ieneral Jackson was now directed to the stores 
 
-" 
 
 and monitions at Ma: .i><m four miles from Bristoe. where 
 
 :ud a large supply had been collected. In regard to 
 its capture. I ; nil lark- .. :i \\ords 11- Not 
 
 withstanding tin- darkness of tin- night, and the fatiguing inarch 
 whicli \\mild. MIU < d.i\\n. be over thirty mile>. before reaching the 
 Junction. 1 neral Trimble volunteered to proceed there 
 
 forthwith, with the 2ist Ni.rtli Carolina (Lieutenant Colonel Fulton 
 commanding and 2 1 st Georgia (Major Glover commanding), in 
 all. about 500 men, and capture the place. I accepted the gallant 
 him orders to move without delay. In order to 
 inspect of success. Major General Stuart, with a por- 
 ivalry, was subsequently directed to move forward. 
 and. a> the ranking officer, to take command of the expedition. 
 This duty was cheerfully undertaken by all who were assigned to 
 i moxt promptly and successfully executed. Notwithstand 
 ing tl al fire of musketry and artillery, our infantry dis- 
 <ps placed there lor the defense of the place, and 
 aptir it guns, with seventy-two horses, equipments, and 
 ammunition complete, immense supplies of commissary and quar 
 termaster stores, upwards of two hundred tents: and General 
 Trimble also reports the rapture of over three hundred prisoners, 
 and one hundred and seventy-five horses, exclusive of those be 
 longing to the artillery, l>esides recovering over two hundred 
 negroes. On the next day. the 27th, General Trimble occupied, 
 with his brigade, the works constructed by our troops the year 
 before. 
 
 Kwell s ciivision had reached Hristoe Station very late, and as 
 soon as the place was secured and the trains captured, the three 
 brigades left after Trimble was detached, were posted so as to 
 cover the approaches along the rail -road from the direction oi 
 Warrenton Junction. The other divisions, Hill s and Jackson s, 
 bivouacked in the vicinity, and next morning were moved to the 
 Junction. Soon after their arrival, a body of the enemy s infantry 
 arrived on a train from Alexandria, and having gotten off the 
 train, moved towards the Junction for the purpose of driving orT 
 the "raiding party." It was met by the fire oi twci batteries and 
 several brigades of Hill s division, and driven back and pursued 
 for some d. stance, the train on which it arrived being captured 
 and destroyed, as was the rail -road bridge over Bull Run. 
 
3 
 
 Kwell had been left at Bristoe Sution. with Lawtun s. Hays s, 
 and my brigades, to guard the approach from the direction of 
 \Yarrenton Junction; but with instructions to retire in the direc 
 tion of Manassas it a superior force advanced against him, as it 
 was not desired to bring on a general engagement at that point. 
 Lawtun s brigade was posted on the left of the rail-road in advance 
 of the station, Hays s on the right of it, and mine to the right of 
 Hays s, but retired so as to be in echelon with it. The batteries 
 were posted so as to command the front and Hanks. Rosser, with 
 his regiment of cavalry, was on out-post duty on our right Hank. 
 Colonel Korno, with SOUK- of his regiments, was sent on the morn 
 ing of this day, to destroy the bridge over Kettle Run and tear 
 up the rail-road back towards the Station. He found a train ol 
 cars beyond Kettle Run. which had just brought up a body ot 
 infantry, but a tew shots from a piece of artillery he had with him. 
 soon sent the train back. He then left one regiment on picket in 
 front, and set another to tearing up the track of the rail-road. 
 
 It was thus that, while Pope had been resolutely looking to the 
 trout, without thought tor his line of retreat or base of supplies, 
 General Jackson had suddenly got on his line of retreat and cut 
 him oft from his base of supplies. As may \\ell be conceived, this 
 state ot things created great confusion at Pope s head -quarters, 
 and great consternation and dismay at Washington. 
 
 Pope at first supposed it was a mere cavalry raid in small force, 
 and caused one ot his aides to send to Heint/elman, who had now 
 joined him. the ioll\\ing order: " The Major General command 
 ing the army ot Virginia directs me to send yon the enclosed 
 communication, and to request that you put a regiment on a train 
 ot cars and send it down immediately to Manassas, to ascertain 
 what lias occurred, repair the telegraph wires, and protect the 
 rail-road there until further orders." 
 
 He was, however, soon undeceived, and thought perhaps it 
 would be well to pay some attention to ///\ own line ot retreat, and 
 leave ours to take can- of itself. He had now a very forcible illus 
 tration of the truth of his own declaration, that "disaster and 
 shame lurk in the re.tr." 
 
 Reynolds s division of Pennsylvania Reserves, and Heint/el- 
 man s and Porter s corps from McClellan s army, and Piatt s 
 brigade of Sturgis s division from Washington, had joined Pope 
 
re tins time. Othei trmps had evidmtlx arrixed. tor in a 
 : to 1 lailrck. dated tlu- 25th. 1 ope >aid : "The troops aiming 
 here o.me in travimentN. .Am 1 to assign tlu-in to brigades and 
 1 Ufiild suppoM- not. a- ^-M-ral ol the nexx regiments 
 have been assigned to army corps directlv irom your 
 
 In his official report, he says: 
 
 * As was to be expected, under such riivuinManrrs. the num 
 bers of the army under mv command hail been greatly reduced 
 by death, by wound- is, and by fatigue, so that, on the 
 
 morning of the 271! ^ust. I estimated my whole effective 
 
 force (,and I think the estimate was large) as follows: Sigel s 
 corps, nine thousand Banks * corps, five thousand; McDowell s 
 corps, i Deluding Reynolds"* division, fifteen thousand live him 
 divd : Krij. x .-orps, seven thousand: the corps of Heint/elman 
 and Porte tlie freshest, by far, in that army.) about eighteen 
 thousand men; making in all fifty-four thousand five hundred 
 men. Our cavalry numbered, on paper, about four thousand ; 
 but their horses were completely broken down, and there \\ere 
 not five hundred men. all told, capable of doing such service as 
 should IK- expected from cavalry," 
 
 His own official return of the 3ist of July had shown 41,140 in 
 fantry and artillery present for duty on that day, after the deduc 
 tion for the troops at Winchester and Front Royal, and Reno had 
 joined him with 8,000 men. making 49,140. Piatt s brigade num 
 bered 3.500, according to Pope s testimony on the trial of General 
 Porter; Reynolds s division numbered 2,500 when it joined him ; 
 and putting Heint/elman s and Porter s corps at 18,000 though. 
 on the 20th of July, according to McClellan s official return of that 
 day. they numbered 37,353 aggregate for duty and Pope s force 
 of infantry and artillery should have been 73,140 effectives, with 
 out counting the new regiments he mentions. There must, there 
 fore, have been a loss of 18,640. Of that loss, 6,400 may be attri 
 buted to the confused state of Banks s mind, and. I presume, 3,000 
 more to the loss at Cedar Run. What became of the balance? 
 
 His cavalry, on the 3ist of July, numbered 8,738, with 3,000 
 unfit for service ; but it now numbered only 4,000 on paper, with 
 3,500 unfit for cavalry service. What had become of the other 
 4,738? 
 
1 can t understand ho\v the Federal armies always numbered so 
 large on paper, and so small in the field, as was generally the case 
 according to their commanders. 
 
 In the afternoon of the 27th. a considerable force, which came 
 up from the direction of Warrenton Junction, anil proved to be 
 Hooker s division of Heintzelman s corps, moved across Kettle 
 Run against our advanced regiments at Bristoe. One or two 
 columns, apparently of brigades, were driven back, when the enemy 
 commenced moving towards our right, over open ground beyond 
 the range of our guns, and the force which came in view was 
 evidently much larger than the force F.wcll then had. 
 
 He, therefore, in accordance with his instructions, ordered a with 
 drawal, and directed me to cover that withdrawal with my brigade. 
 Lawton s and Hays s brigades were successively withdrawn in good 
 order, and then my brigade was withdrawn, taking successive lines 
 of battle back to the ford on Broad Run near the rail-road bridge- 
 Kawton s brigade had first crossed the Run and formed line of 
 battle on the north bank, \\ith some batteries in position, and then 
 Hays s brigade crossed and uas ordered to Manassas. 
 
 All the artillery was safely withdrawn, a part crossing at a ford 
 several hundred yards above the bridge, where also one of mv 
 regiments crossed. My brigade uas then crossed, its rear being 
 covered by Colonel Walker s regiment deployed as skirmishers. 
 
 As soon as my brigade was over, it was moved about a mile 
 towards Manassas, by ol order < ieneral Kwell, and formed in line of 
 battle across the road, on high ground, in full view of the enemy, 
 whose advance had no\\ reached the station, (ieneral Kwell then 
 moved back through my line with Ka\\ ton s brigade, and directed 
 me to remain in position until orders were sent to me to retire, and 
 to move one or two <f my regiments from the flanks alternately 
 with colors elevated, so as to present the appearance of the arrival 
 of re-inforcements. 
 
 This was clone, and the enemy did not advance farther. Tin 
 rail-road bridge and the captured trains had been destroyed in the 
 morning. 
 
 Shortly after dark, under orders from (ieneral Kwell, I moved 
 to Manassas to re-join the division. 
 
 Our loss in this affair was light : and this is the occasion on 
 which Pope elaims that Hooker s division drove K well s back along 
 the rail-road. 
 
33 
 
 at the Junction, my men tilled their haversacks with 
 hard bread and salt meat, the other troops having appropriated 
 the p: of a more enticing character. After broiling enough 
 
 of the salt meat to satisfy the hunger with which the men were 
 oppressed, the brigade was moved out on the plains towards Black 
 burn s Ford on Bull Run, and bivouacked. The other brigades 
 ked at intervals on the road to the same ford. 
 
 I hiring the night Stuart set tire to the cars and the stores that 
 could not be carried off, and they were destroyed, amid a terrible 
 n of shells that were in some of the cars. 
 
 In the early part of the night, General Taliaferro moved with 
 Jackson s division and all the trains of the command on the 
 Smiley road, across the Warrenton turnpike to the vicinity of the 
 battlefield of first Manassas, and at one o clock at night General 
 Hill moved with his division to Centreville. Very early on the 
 morning of the 28th, General Kwell moved with his division across 
 Bull Run at Blackburn s Ford, and then up the Run to the vicinity 
 of Stone Bridge, and there crossed over and joined Jackson s 
 division. Hill s division subsequently came up from Centreville. 
 and the whole command was re-united north of the Warrenton 
 turnpike, and facing it. These movements had been covered by 
 portions of the cavalry, and were designed to mislead the enemy, 
 in which object there was perfect success, 
 
 On the 2jth, Fitz Lee. with three regiments of his brigade, 
 went on a raid around by Fairfax C. H. to Burke s Station on the 
 rail-road, and did not return until the afternoon of the 29th. 
 
 On the 27th, Pope commenced the movement of his troops to 
 the rear, for the purpose of looking after his line of communica 
 tions. McDowell s and Sigel s corps moved along the Warrenton 
 turnpike in the direction of Gainesville, while the other corps 
 moved on his right towards Manassas and Bristoe. In the mean 
 time, Longstreet had crossed the river at Hinson s mill on the 26th, 
 and was following the same route taken by General Jackson, An 
 derson, who had arrived with his division, having relieved Long- 
 street on the south bank of the Rappahannock. Longstreet reach 
 ed White Plains on the 2;th. and on the morning of the 28th his 
 advance reached Thoroughfare Gap, where a part of McDowell s 
 force was posted to dispute his passage. 
 
He succeeded, however, in forcing a passage, by sending a force 
 directly on the road through the Gap, while other troops were 
 p.issed over the Mountain on the north or left of the Gap, so as to 
 turn the flank of the enemy : and a part of his command passed 
 through the Gap that evening. 
 
 Rosser, with his regiment, was on the south of the turnpike, 
 watching the enemy from the direction of Manassas, and Colonel 
 Brien with the ist Virginia Cavalry was on the turnpike watching 
 in the direction oi Gainesville, while Colonel Bradley T. Johnson, 
 in command ot Jones s brigade oi Jackson s division, was near 
 Groveton with the brigade, picketing the turnpike in the direction 
 of Gainesville, and a road leading from Bristoe Station across the 
 turnpike towards Sudley. Stuart, with portions of Robertson s and 
 Fit/ Lee s brigades, this day moved to our right to Haymarket. 
 where he had a skirmish with a body of the enemy while Long- 
 street s troops were engaged in Thoroughfare Gap. 
 
 1 he main body ot Popes troops \\ere now converging on 
 Manassas. where he expected to find General Jackson s force and 
 destroy it. Here is what he says in his report : " At ^ o clock <>n 
 the night of the 2;th, satisfied of Jackson s position. 1 sent orders 
 to General McDowell to push forward .it the very earliest dawn ot 
 day towards Manassas Junction from Gainesville, resting his right 
 on the Manassas Gup rail-road, and throning his left well to tin- 
 east. 1 directed General Reno to march at the .same hour from 
 Greenwich, direct upon Manassas Junction, and Knrnes to march 
 at the same hour upon Bristow. This hitter order was sent to 
 Kearney to render my right at Bristow perfectly set HIT against the 
 probable movement of Jackson in that direction. Kearney arrived 
 at Bristow about S o clock in the morning. Reno being oil the left, 
 and marching direct upon Manassas Junction. 1 immediately pushed 
 Kearney forward in pursuit of Kwell. towards Manassas. followed 
 by Hooker." 
 
 But the bird he expected to trap had flown, and Pope ther. 
 directed his troops to move on Centre ville. 
 
 McDowell in moving towards Manassas had his left on the turn 
 pike, and in the forenoon the advance on that flank appeared in 
 front of Johnson, when there was some skirmishing and fighting 
 with it, in which artillery was used. Rosser also had some skir 
 mishing, and used some artillery borrowed from Johnson on some- 
 trains that wen discovered moving in the direction of Manassas. 
 
Tin- approach of tht- eiu-my having ix-cn report^ sieral 
 
 n. he made preparations lor attacking him. upon the sup 
 position that he would move along the turnpike in the direction of 
 C entreville. but discovering, late in the afternoon, that the enemy 
 irning off in the direction of Manassas before reaching our 
 front, three brigades of Jackson s division were moved to the right. 
 through a body of woods and across a track that had been graded 
 and excavated for a rail-road, into some fields beyond, near Braw- 
 ner s house. These brigades were closely followed by Ewell s 
 division, Lawton s and Trimble s brigades being moved, under 
 General Ewell s immediate command, out into the fields and form 
 ed on the left of the brigades of Jackson s division, while my own 
 brigade and Hays s were held in reserve, under my command, in 
 the edge of the woods, with the left ol each brigade near the rail 
 road grade, Hays s being in the rear of mine. Johnson hail retired 
 from his position near Groveton, but had not rejoined Jackson s 
 division. The line, as now formed, was parallel to the turnpike, 
 and just before sunset a column of the enemy commenced moving 
 past, when the three brigades of Jackson s division and the two 
 with Ewell advanced to the attack. And obstinate and sanguina 
 ry engagement ensued, which lasted until after dark, artillery as 
 well as infantry being used on both sides. 
 
 At the close of the engagement, both sides maintained their 
 ground, the enemy consisting of King s division of McDowell s 
 corps which was bringing up the rear of McDowell s left, having 
 been heavily re-inforced. An artillery fire was kept up for some 
 time, but during the night King s division retired. The loss was 
 heavy on both sides. The two brigades with me were not engaged, 
 but were ordered to advance by (ieneral Jackson just before the 
 close of the action, and my own brigade was exposed to a severe- 
 shelling as it moved into position near the left of Trimble s brigade. 
 The advance on our part had ceased by this time, as the darkness, 
 coupled with the nature of the ground in front, rendered such ad 
 vance very hazardous. Rosser had taken position on Talialerro s 
 right, with his cavalry regiment, and rendered very efficient service. 
 Stuart had returned from Haymarket, but did not reach the right 
 of the line until the fighting was over. None of Hill s troops wen- 
 engaged, but some of his brigades were moved up to the vicinity 
 of the battlefield, though they did not arrive to within supporting 
 distance until alter the close of the engagement. Generals Kwi-11 
 
and Taliaferro were wounded, the former having to suffer amputa 
 tion ot a leg. (ieneral Lawton now succeeded to the command of 
 Kwell s divisiun. and General Starke to the command of Jackson s 
 
 Division. 
 
 Karly on the morning of the 2o,th. the enemy began to approach 
 in heavy force from the direction of Manassa> and Centreville, it 
 having been discovered that General Jackson was not to be found 
 at either point. To meet the approaching forces, our troops were 
 at first moved from the positions they occupied at the close oi tin- 
 action the night before, and formed in line on a ridge which the 
 rail-road grade crossed, with Kwcll s division on the right. Hill s 
 on the left, and [ackson s in the centre. In this position our line 
 crossed the rail-road grade, with the right resting near the turnpike- 
 and the left extending towards Sudley. Then- was some artillery 
 tiring from the enemy, at long range, at this time. Stuart again 
 moved out in the direction of Haymarket and Gainesville with the 
 cavalry. As soon as the enemy s movements began to be devel 
 oped, Cieneral Jackson re-arranged his line so as to conform to 
 them. Jackson s division, under Starke. was formed on the right 
 in the woods through which the rail-road grade ran. a little in rear 
 of that grade. Mill s division on the left, with the brigades of Fit-Id. 
 Thomas and Gregg in the front line on the rail-mad grade, and 
 Archer s. Fender s and Branch s in their rear as supports, and 
 Lawton s and Trimble s brigades of Kwell s division in the centre. 
 Trimble s brigade taking position on the rail -road grade, while 
 Lawton s. under Colonel Douglas, was in the rear in the \\oods. 
 My own and Hays s brigades, under my command, \\ere moved 
 about a mile to the rear of the right of the line, and posted on a 
 ridge on the west side of a road called the Pageland road, which 
 crosses the \\ arrenton turnpike. This position commanded a \ ieu 
 of the turnpike in In nt and large fields between it and the turnpike 
 as well as the Pageland road on the left. A considerable force ol 
 the enemy had been reported by the cavalry to be advancing on 
 the road from Manassas towards Gainesville, thus threatening our 
 right Hank and rear, and my orders were to watch that force and 
 hold it in check. A battery of artillery had accompanied my com 
 mand, and was posted so as to command the ground in front, the 
 1 3th and ;,ist Virginia regiments being posted by General fackson. 
 in person, beyond the turnpike in my form, in order to apprise me 
 of the approach of the enemy. 
 
- command was now known to be approaching from 
 tin direction of Thoroughfare Gap, and the object of posting me 
 in thi.s position was to keep open communication with him, as well 
 as to protect our right and rear. 
 
 Several batteries irom E well s and Jackson s divisions were post 
 ed behind the crest of the ridge, in the fields on the right of the 
 line, and the batteries of Hill s division were posted on a ridge in 
 some fields in rear of the left of his front line of infantry, the na 
 ture of the ground beyond that flank over which the rail-road grade 
 ran, rendering that grade an unsafe line to occupy, as the slope 
 was towards Hill s position, and the grade here ran through 
 fields. 
 
 The manoeuvring of General Jackson, after he got upon Pojje s 
 line of communications to the rear, upon the approach of the 
 enemy, furnishes an exhibition of what is known as "Grand Tactics" 
 which is unsurpassed in the annals of war. By his movements, he 
 had completely baffled Pope s eflforts to crush him with a vastly 
 superior force, and bewildered him as to his own locality, until he 
 had placed his command in a strong position, where it could be 
 joined by Longstreet s approaching forces, and the army be thus 
 re-united under General Lee. 
 
 But Pope was not the only one that General Jackson had mysti 
 fied on this occasion, and to show the bewilderment of the author 
 ities in and about Washington, a few extracts from the official dis 
 patches are given. 
 
 McClellan had arrived at Alexandria on the night of the 26th, 
 and on the 2jth he telegraphed Heintzelman and Porter, though 
 the telegram was not received, perhaps : 
 
 "Where are you, and what is the state of affairs what troops 
 in your front, right and left ? Sumner is now landing at Aquia. 
 Where is Pope s left, and what of enemy ? Enemy burned Bull 
 Run bridge last night with cavalry force." 
 
 On the 28th. Halleck telegraphed McClellan : 
 
 "I think you had better place Sumner s corps, as it arrives, near 
 the guns, and particularly at the Chain Bridge. The principal 
 thing to be feared now is a cavalry raid into this city, especially in 
 the night time. Use Cox s and Tyler s brigades, and the new 
 troops for the same object, if you need them." 
 
On the 29th, he telegraphed McClellan : 
 
 "Meagher s brigade ordered up yesterday. Fitzhugh Lee was, 
 it is said on good authority, in Alexandria on Sunday last lor 
 three hours." 
 
 On same day, Mr. Lincoln telegraphed McClellan : 
 
 "What news from direction of Manassas Junction ? What gen 
 erally ?" 
 
 On same day, McClellan telegraphed Halleck : 
 
 "Colonel \\"agner, 2nd New York artillery, has just come in 
 from the front. He reports infantry and cavalry force of rebels 
 near Fairfax Court House. Reports rumors from various sources 
 that Lee and Stuart, with large forces, are.it Manass.i.s. That the 
 enemy, with i20,(xx> men intend advancing on the lorts near 
 Arlington and Chain Bridge, with a view of attacking Washing 
 ton and Baltimore. 
 
 Kven Burnside, down at Falmouth opposite Fredericksburg, 
 had got badly scared, and at 1*. M. on the 2gth, telegraphed 
 Halleck : 
 
 "A large body of the enemy reported opposite. I am prepar 
 ing, and will hold the place until the last. The only lear 1 have, 
 is a lorce coming from Manassas [unction." 
 
 SFCONI) BATTLK OF MANASSAS. 
 
 Karly in the day. on the 29th, the enemy opened a heavy fire 
 of artillery on ( ieneral Jackson s right, and it was vigorously 
 responded to by our batteries on that Hank, which were moved to 
 the trout tor tlu; purpose, when a fierce cannonade ensued that 
 lasted for several hours. The enemy also pushed forward col 
 umns <>! infantry, on our left, into a body of woods that bordered 
 on thc> rail-road grade all along the front of that portion occupied 
 by our troops. There ensued a good deal of desultory fighting on 
 that part of the line, in which the brigades of Thomas. Gregg 
 and Branch were principally engaged on our side, and Sigel s 
 corps on the other side -the latter being finally driven from our 
 iront about noon. 
 
 In tin- meantime, about or a little before n A. M. the head ol 
 Long-street s command, composed of Hood s two brigades, was 
 seen advancing along the turnpike in my front, in line of battle, 
 
and the rest of the command soon came following close in the 
 IT, when the whole commenced taking position on both sides of 
 the turnpike, and to the rear of Jackson s right. 
 
 It was very apparent to me now, that the purpose for which I 
 had been posted at the point I occupied had been completely sub 
 served by the interposition of Longstreet s forces between me and 
 the force of the enemy reported to be advancing in that direction 
 from Manassas, and that there was no further need for my pres 
 ence there. I therefore determined to withdraw, without waiting 
 for orders, and move to the left, where 1 was satisfied there was 
 need for the two brigades under me. Hays s brigade was at once 
 sent to the left to rejoin the division, and I proceeded to withdraw 
 my two regiments from the front, which had been skirmishing, 
 during the morning, with small bodies of the enemy that approach 
 ed them. As soon as they arrived, I moved the brigade to the 
 woods in rear of the centre of our line on the rail -road grade, 
 and reported to General Lawton. The brigade was here held 
 in reserve for some time, having been joined on its left by the 8th 
 Louisiana regiment of Hays s brigade, which had not been with 
 its brigade during the morning. 
 
 In the afternoon, the enemy concentrated large bodies of infantry 
 in the woods in front of Hill s position, and after a fierce artillery 
 tire from numerous batteries on that flank, which was responded 
 to with effect by Hill s batteries, the enemy s columns of infantry 
 advanced against the |>osition on the rail -road grade occupied by 
 Hill s brigades, when a fierce and obstinate engagement, or rather 
 series of engagements ensued, which lasted until very late in the 
 afternoon. The troops most .heavily engaged on this part of the 
 line, were the brigades of Gregg. Thomas, and Field, but the other 
 brigades of Hill s division went to their support and became also 
 heavily engaged at different periods. The attacks of the enemy 
 were persistent and repeated several times, new columns moving 
 forward when others had been repulsed. General McGowan. who 
 subsequently succeeded to the command of Gregg s brigade, and 
 General Hill, report that there were seven separate and distinct 
 attacks made at this point. In one of these attacks, a force of the 
 enemy succeeded in penetrating a short uncovered interval between 
 < Gregg s right and Thomas s left, but was repulsed after a fierce 
 struggle, in which at one time the fire of the opposing forces was 
 delivered at ten paces. Hays s brigade, under Colonel Forno, 
 
4 
 
 went to the assistance of Hill s brigades soon after its arrival from 
 the right and aided nio^t gallantly in repulsing the enemy. Far 
 ther to the right, the enemy at another time succeeded in cross 
 ing the rail-road grade, when the brigades under Johnson and 
 Stafford, respectively, moved forward to the attack, drove this 
 force back and crossed the- grade in pursuit. The brigade under 
 Johnson captured a piece of artillery and the two then returned 
 to their former positions. 
 
 About or a little alter 4 P. M.,the enemy made his seventh and 
 last assault upon Gregg and Thomas with great lurv. when, after 
 a fierce struggle, their ammunition having become exhausted, they 
 retired a short distance to the rear \\ith the determination of using 
 the bayonet. The enemy then crossed the rail-road grade, which 
 at this point had a very deep cut. and occupied a skirt ol woods 
 adjoining it. Just at this time, one ol ( ,cncral Hill s couriers 
 came to me, \\ith the information that the two brigades had been 
 compelled to tall back from want of ammunition, and that the 
 enemy was in possession ot the rut. and requested me to go to 
 the support ol Gregg and Thomas and recover their position, at 
 the same- time informing me thai the orders \veic n<>t to cross the 
 line of the grade, but to hold that line. 
 
 I immediately moved forward \\ith my brigade and the Sth 
 Louisiana, through an open field in front, and. being joined by the 
 1 3th Georgia on mv right, which was preparing to move forward, 
 passed the brigades of ( iregg and Thomas, and attacked the enemy. 
 After a very brief struggle the enemy was driven across the cut. 
 and the brigade, without having halted, followed in pursuit some 
 two hundred yards beyond the grade, before I succeeded in stop 
 ping it. It was then moved back and occupied the position from 
 which Gregg and Thomas had retired. The i;,th Georgia on my 
 right and the Sth Louisiana on my left, had crossed at the same 
 time with my brigade. Alter our return, the enemy opened a furi 
 ous tire from the front with cannister. but made no further advance 
 with infantry. 
 
 This was the last attack on Jackson s line on the 291)1. and the 
 enemy had been defeated and foiled in all of his attacks. His 
 troops engaged in these assaults in the afternoon, were the corps 
 oi Heintzelman and Reno, supported by Reynolds s division on 
 their left Sigel s corps had been so badly worsted m the forenoon 
 that it was not able to unite in these attacks. 
 
41 
 
 Lee had ordered 1 ..m^treet to attack the eneim > left, 
 on his arrival on the held about noon, but the latter, according to 
 his <>\\n statements of recent date, had inM>ted mi taking time to 
 nnoitre. 
 
 S. une of his batteries, however, were placed in position, and 
 opened on the enemy, who withdrew from his immediate front. 
 Hood s brigades then took position across the Warrenton turnpike, 
 west of Groveton, and were supported by Evans s brigade. YVil- 
 cox, with three brigades under him. took position on the north of 
 the turnpike, in rear of Hood s left, and Kemper, with three other 
 brigades, took position on the south of the turnpike, in rear of 
 Hood s right, while D. R. Jones, with three other brigades, was 
 posted on the Manassas Gap rail-road, to the right of Kemper, and 
 in echelon with respect to him. A number of Longstreet s batter 
 ies were now posted on a commanding position between General 
 Jackson s right and Longstreet s line, and engaged in the pending 
 artillery duel with those of the enemy. The advance of the enemy 
 on the right from the direction of Manassas. which was made by 
 Porter s corps, having been reported. Wilcox s brigades were sent 
 to re-inforce Jones, but the enemy retired after firing a few shots, 
 and Wilcox returned to his former position. Stuart, who confront 
 ed Porter s corps with his cavalry, on the road from Manassas to 
 Gainesville, had amused himself by having brush dragged up and 
 down the road from the direction of Gainesville, to raise a dust, 
 occasionally varying the amusement by firing a shot or two from 
 his artillery in the direction of the enemy. Fitz Lee returned in 
 the afternoon from his raid on the enemy s communications in the 
 direction of Alexandria, and took position on our left near Sudlcy 
 Mills, to protect the trains, which had been endangered during the 
 day. 
 
 About sunset. General Longstreet ordered Hood to advance 
 with his two brigades, supported by Evans s, along the turnpike 
 and attack the enemy, but before Hood moved he was himself at 
 tacked by a column of the enemy which was moving along the 
 turnpike in the direction of Gainesville. 
 
 McDowell s corps, which had been with Porter s on the road 
 from Manassas to Gainesville, had moved to the right and taken 
 position on Pope s left. and. about sunset, Pope ordered McDowell 
 to push out on the turnpike towards Gainesville and cut off Jack 
 son s retreat, under the hallucination that the latter had been de- 
 
42 
 
 feated Kind s division, being in the advance, encountered Hood 
 just as he was about to move forward, and a sharp action ensued, 
 the enemy being driven back and pursued for some distance until 
 the darkness compelled Hood to halt. At 12 o clock at night he 
 returned to his former position, and thus ended the fighting on the 
 29th, our troops remaining masters of the field on every part of it. 
 
 It is rather amusing to read sonic of 1 ope s statements about the 
 fighting on this day. In his report, hr says : 
 
 "Sigel attacked the enemy about daylight on the morning of the 
 29th, a mile or two east of Groveton, where he was soon joined by 
 the divisions of Kearney and Hooker. Jackson fell back several 
 miles, but was so closely pressed by these forces that he was com 
 pelled to make a stand, and to make the best defence possible. 
 
 Speaking of the attack by Heint/elman and Reno in the after 
 noon, he says : 
 
 "The attack was made with great gallantry, and the whole of 
 the left of the enemy was doubled back towards his centre, and 
 our own forces, after a sharp conflict of an hour and half, occupied 
 the field of battle, with the dead and wounded of the enemy in our 
 hands." 
 
 At 5 A. M.. on the ;,oth. ho telegraphed Halleck in regard to 
 the battle of the day before: 
 
 "\Ve have lost not less than eight thousand men killed and 
 wounded; but from the appearance of the field the enemy lost at 
 least two to one." 
 
 General Jackson s force must have been wiped out. then. 
 
 In the same dispatch he further says : 
 
 "The news just reaches me from the trout that the enemy is re 
 tiring towards the mountains ; I go forward at once to see. We 
 have made great captures, but I am not able yet to form an idea 
 ot their extent." 
 
 He had certainly caught a Tartar. 
 
 In his report, he says: 
 
 "Every indication, during the night of the 2oth. and up to 10 
 o clock on the morning of the joth. pointed to the retreat of the 
 enemy from our front. Paroled prisoners of our own. taken on 
 the evening of the 2 9 th. and who came into our lines on the morn 
 ing of the ^oth, reported the enemy retreating during the whole 
 
43 
 
 night in the direction of and along the W.umuon turnpike: 
 Generals McDowell and Heintzelman. who reconnoitred the posi- 
 ield by the enemy s left on the evening of the 2Qth, confirming 
 Mtement." 
 
 \Vhy were we parolling prisoners ? The most remarkable thing, 
 however, connected with the battle of the 29th, is, perhaps, the fact 
 that one of Pope s corps commanders. General Porter, was court- 
 martialed and cashiered, for not marching over Longstreet s whole 
 command, and cutting off Jackson s retreat, after the latter had 
 defeated and repulsed three corps of Pope s army that largely more 
 than doubled Porter s entire force. 
 
 On the morning of the ^oth, our troops occupied the positions 
 they held at the close of the battle the day before, with some slight 
 shifting of the brigades on the rail -road grade, not necessary to 
 mention. There was some heavy skirmishing in the forenoon 
 along Jackson s line on the rail-road grade, especially on the left, 
 but there was no assault at that time, the enemy being kept at bay. 
 There was also some artillery firing on the right, which continued 
 until the afternoon. 
 
 At noon Pope issued the following order to his troops : 
 
 "August ^oth, 1862, 12 M. 
 
 " The following forces will be immediately thrown forward in 
 pursuit of the enemy, and press him vigorously during the whole 
 day. Major-General Mel )owell is assigned to the command of the 
 pursuit. 
 
 Major-General Porter s corps will push forward on the Warren - 
 ton turnpike, followed by the divisions of Brigadier- (enerals King 
 and Reynolds. 
 
 The division of Brigadier- General Ricketts will pursue the Hay- 
 market road, followed by the corps of Major -General Heintzelman ; 
 the necessary cavalry will be assigned to these columns by Major- 
 General McDowell, to whom regular and frequent reports will be 
 made. The general head-quarters will be somewhere on the 
 Warrenton turnpike." 
 
 In the afternoon, there was a slight change in the programme, 
 and Porter s corps supported by King s division advanced against 
 Jackson s right and Heintzelman s and Reno s corps supported, 
 for a time by Ricketts s division, advanced against our left. The 
 
44 
 
 assaults began about 3 P. M.. and were very tierce and determined, 
 especially on tin- right where Jackson s division was posted but 
 were met with equal determination. 
 
 There were at least three assaults on Jackson s division, follow 
 ing each other in succession, which were repulsed, some of the 
 men of the brigades commanded by Stafford and Johnson, using 
 stones when their ammunition was exhausted. Longstreet s bat 
 teries, by a well directed tire from the right on the Hank of the 
 attacking columns, contributed largely to their repulse. The as 
 saults on the left were also fierce, but were successfully resisted by 
 the brigades of Archer and Thomas, supported by those of Ponder 
 and Fields. There was no serious attack on the centre occupied 
 by Ewell s division, but as one of the attacking columns was retir 
 ing from the right past our front, one or two heavy volleys were 
 poured into it. and three of my regiments that were on the rail 
 road grade, suddenly dashed across it, in pursuit . without orders, 
 but were soon brought back. 
 
 R. H. Anderson s division had arrived during the forenoon, and 
 joined Longstreet s command ; and finally, about 4 P. M.. after tin- 
 last attack on Jackson s right had been repulsed. Longstreet order 
 ed his infantry to attack the enemv s left, and his troops moved 
 forward, with Hood in the lead elosely followed l>v Kvans. They 
 were rapidly supported by Anderson ** division, and the brigades 
 under Kemper, IX R. Jones, and \Vilcox. The enemy was assail 
 ed with great vigor, and he was steadily driven belore Longstreet s 
 advancing lines, from successive positions which he occupied, 
 though at some points the assaults wen- stubbornly resisted for a 
 time. Cieneral Jackson s command had also advanced at the same 
 time in pursuit of the troops that had been repulsed, and some of 
 Hill s brigades encountered and engaged a part of the retreating 
 forces on the left, which they pursued to Hull Run. capturing a 
 number of pieces of artillery. Jackson s and KwcH s divisions did 
 did not become engaged with the enemy in the pursuit. Long- 
 street s command continued to press the enemy on the right until 
 his whole army was driven across Hull Run, when darkness put 
 an end to the pursuit. This command captured several batteries 
 of artillery. 
 
 Near the close of the battle on this day. General Robertson, with 
 a portion of his cavalry, attacked and routed a body of the enemy s 
 cavalry on the extreme right. 
 
45 
 
 At the close of the battle we were masters of the entire field ; 
 and. in the series of engagements on the plains of Manassas, we 
 had captured more than 7.000 prisoners, besides 2.000 wounded 
 left on our hands, thirty pieces of artillery, upwards of twenty 
 thousand stand of small arms, a number of regimental colors, and 
 a considerable amount of stores. Our own loss in killed and 
 wounded was 7.224. including a number of valuable officers, some 
 of them of high rank. 
 
 Pope s army retired to Centreville that night, where it was re 
 inforced by Sumner s and Franklin s corps of McClellan s army. 
 
 In his report, after having previously stated that : "Even* indi 
 cation during the night of the 29th, and up to 10 o clock on the 
 morning of the ^oth. pointed to the retreat of the enemy from our 
 front ;" he says, two pages further on : 
 
 "During the whole night of the 29th. and the morning of the 
 50th, the advance of the main army, under Lee. was arriving on 
 the field to re-inforce Jackson, so that by 12 or i o clock in the 
 day we were confronted by forces greatly sujxTior to our own ; 
 and these forces were being every moment largely increased 
 by fresh arrivals of the enemy from the direction of Thoroughfare 
 Gap." 
 
 The Confederate soldier, though ragged, nearly ban-tooted, and 
 often hungry, had a wonderful faculty of multiplying himself on the 
 field of battle, so as to present the appearance of "overwhelming 
 numbers" to a frightened enemy. 
 
 On the night of the .y>th, at 9.45 P. M.. Pope telegraphed Haileck . 
 
 "We have had a terrific battle again to-day. The nieir.y, largely 
 re-inforced, assaulted our position early to-day. We held our 
 ground firmly until 6 o clock P. M. when the enemy m;Lving very 
 heavy forces on our left, forced back that wing about half a mile 
 At dark we held that position. L nder all circumstances both 
 horses and men having been two days without food, and tin- 
 enemy greatly outnumbering us 1 thought it best to move back 
 to this place at dark. The movement has been made in perfect 
 order and without loss. The troops are in good heart, and 
 marched off the field without the least hurry or contusion. Their 
 conduct was very fine. The battle was most furious for hours 
 without cessation, and the losses on both sides very heavy. The- 
 enemy is badly whipped, and we shall do well enough. Do not be 
 uneasy. We will hold our own here." 
 
46 
 
 At n A. M. next day. Halleck telegraphed Pope: 
 "My Dear Gent-nil: You have done nobly. Don t yield 
 another inch it" you can avoid it. All reserves are being sent 
 forward." 
 
 Before this, at 10.45 ^- ^-- 1 J(J ! )( - na d telegraphed Halleck: 
 "Our troops are all here, and in position, though much used up 
 and worn out. 1 think perhaps it would have been greatly better 
 if Suinner and Franklin had been here three or four days ago ; 
 but you may rely upon our giving them as desperate a fight as I 
 can force our men to stand up to. I should like to know whether 
 you feel secure about Washington, should this army be destroyed. 
 I shall right it as long as a man will stand up to the work." 
 
 What a wonderful collapse from the tone of his salutatory ad 
 dress to his troops is here exhibited. He had by this time learned 
 a thing or two: but his mind seems to have become as confused 
 by this newly acquired knowledge as Banks s. 
 
 On the 3ist. Longstreet, with his command including Ander 
 son s division, was left on the battlefield to engage the attention ol 
 the enemy, and cover the burial ol the dead and the removal ot the 
 wounded, while General Jackson moved his command across Bull 
 Run at and below Smiley Ford, tor the purpose ol turning the 
 enemy s right and intercepting his retreat. Moving to the lett over 
 country roads, we reached the Little River turnpike, leading from 
 Aldic past Germantown and Fairfax (*. II. to Alexandria, late in 
 the afternoon; and after moving on that road for a short distance 
 we bivouacked for the night. On the next morning i 1st ot Sep 
 tember) the inarch was resinned, Hill s division being in the ad 
 vance. At Ox Hill, near Chantilly, a large force of the enemy \\as 
 encountered, in the afternoon, which had been moved out in that 
 direction to cover Pope s retreat along the turnpike from Centre 
 ville to Fairfax C. H. He had now ascertained that it uas very 
 necessary to look out for his line of retreat, as well as his base of 
 supplies. Hill at once attacked the enemy with a part of his divi 
 sion, and EwelPs division also moved up and became engaged. 
 
 There was a sharp conflict which lasted until near night, in which 
 the elements took part with a severe- thunder storm ; and two of 
 the Federal Generals, Kearney and Stevens, were killed. At the 
 close of the fight, we held possession ol the held, and the enemy 
 
ivtiivl during the night. The troops encountered on this occasion 
 belonged to McDowell s and Reno s corps, and Kearney s division, 
 there being also some troops newly arrived from Alexandria and 
 Washington, of which Hooker had command. Longst reel s com 
 mand came up at night alter the action had closed. 
 
 The next morning it was discovered that Pope had now learned 
 the art of retreating so well, that it was impracticable to intercept 
 him, and he was permitted to take refuge in the lortihcations ol 
 Washington, without further molestation. 
 
 Thus ended the campaign of August, 1X62. 
 
 In a few days Pope was relieved from his command, and sent to 
 the Northwest to look alter the Indians in that quarter, so that he 
 never again had the opportunity to look at the backs or laces of 
 the "rebels." 
 
 Sitting Hull had not then made his appearance on the theatre of 
 war, or we might never more have heard ol Major General John 
 Pope. 
 
 RESUME OK THK CAMPAIGN 
 
 It Ls imjxjssible at this day to give the exact strength of the lorces 
 engaged on our side in this campaign, from the Rapidan to Ox 
 Hill, as the returns, it regularly made, have been lost or destroyed. 
 I have given the estimate of General Jackson s strength at the bat 
 tle of Cedar Run. and in the subsequent campaign it could not have- 
 exceeded that estimate- -that is, about 20,000 officers and men for 
 duty, in his infantry and artillery. His effective strength, that is, 
 enlisted men for duty who bear arms, was probably about 18,500. 
 General Longstieet s command consisted of his own division of six 
 brigades, divided into two sub-divisions of three brigades each, D. 
 R. Jones s division ol three brigades, Hood s division of two bri 
 gades, and Evans s brigade. 
 
 On the 2oth of July, according to the official returns as given by 
 Colonel Walter H. Taylor, in the work I have referred to. the 
 strength of that command, with the exception of Drayton s brigade 
 which had been added to lone*, s division, and Kvans s brigade, 
 
both of whirl, arrived Iron, tin- South :.lt-r tl- --tli ,,t July, wa.s 
 
 asfoll WS: OFFCERS. ENUSTWMEN. 
 
 Longstreet s division. 
 D. R. Jones s division. 
 Hood s [Whiting s] division. 
 
 Total. i-~ ! > U2 9 
 
 General Evans, in his report, ssiys that his brigade had an aggre 
 gate for duty, on the 3<>th of July, of 1.862. which was subsequently 
 increased to" 2.200 by the addition of the 23rd South Carolina reg 
 iment. There is no return of the strength of Drayton s brigade. 
 but Colonel Taylor, on the authority of the Adjutant C.eneral ol 
 the brigade, puts the aggregate- lor duty of that brigade and Lvans s 
 at 4,600* Of which at least 350 must have been officers. Long- 
 street s strength, therefore, before the arrival of Anderson s division, 
 was about 1.372 officers and 19.279 enlisted men. or an aggregate 
 of 2o.6si. Anderson s division, according to the return oi July 
 2oth. was }57 officers and 5.700 enlisted men lor duty, which would 
 give Longstrcet, with Anderson s division added to his command, 
 1,729 officers and 25.039 enlisted men, or an aggregate ol 20. 70^ 
 lor duty. Colonel Taylor estimates the artillery at 2.51*) ami the 
 cavalry at the same number, which would give an aggregate ol the 
 entire force of 5 1, /OS, and an etlective force of less than 49,000, 
 without making any deduction lor losses. 
 
 The divisions of 1). H. Hill and Mrl.aws. two brigades under 
 |. (i. Walker, and Hampton s brigade of cavalry. T which had been 
 left near Richmond, and wen- ordered up after the entire evacua 
 tion of Harrison s Landing, did not join us until alter the fight at 
 Ox Hill, and Pope had taken refuge und-r the fortifications of 
 Washington. 
 
 *NOTE. This must ho an over-estimate, as Drayton s hri^adt- had only three 
 regiments and a batallion. Tin- estimate would give that hripade li,400, or an 
 average of (>00 for tle three regiments and one hatallion. leather t(K> much 
 tor Confederate regiments at that day. The hrigade was so small after Sharps- 
 burg, though its losses had not leen M-vere in the campaign, that the regiments 
 and batallion of which it wa> composed weiv distributed among other brigades. 
 
 fXOTE. Cieneral Hamj)ton has informed me that his brigade was up by the 
 1st of September ; but it had not arrived in time to take part in any of the pre 
 vious actions, and the other commands, being infantry, did not arrive until the 
 2nd. 
 
49 i 
 
 McClellan, in his official report, shows that, by the ist 
 1862, he had organized an army of 193,142 men for duty, 
 who were in and about Washington, or within easy reach thereof 
 He had carried largely more than 1 00,000 of that army to the 
 Peninsula, leaving the rest to defend the Federal Capital. Fre 
 mont had brought his corps, which was largely from Missouri and 
 the West, to the Valley in the month of May, and his corps num 
 bered 15,000 or 20,000. Burnside, in July, had brought about 
 13,000 men from North Carolina to the vicinity of Fredericksburg, 
 3,000 of which had been sent to Pope on the I4th of August. The 
 whole of McClellan s army, which he had at Harrison s Landing, 
 except one division of Keys s corps, had been sent to Pope, though 
 Stunner s and Franklin s corps did not reach him until the 3ist ol 
 August, and Couch s division of Keys s corps joined him at Fairfax 
 C. H. on the ist of September, the day of the fight at Ox Hill. 
 Moreover, Cox had arrived from the Kanawha Valley with 7,000 
 men. It was then what was left of some 220,000 or 230,000 men, 
 that General Lee s army of about 50,000 men had forced to take 
 refuge in the* defences of Washington to escape destruction.* 
 
 What had become of the balince ? 
 
 It may be said that a great many had been lost in the previous 
 campaigns, in the Valley and around Richmond. Hut McCIellan .s 
 official return of the 2oth of July shows more than 90,000 men for 
 duty, exclusive of Dix s corps at Fortress Monroe. Pope acknowl 
 edges that he had 43,000 in the- ln-g nning, after striking 0^6,400 
 men for Banks s corps from his own official return, and he had 
 been joined by 8,000 men under Reno and 3,500 under Piatt. 
 Here then were at least 1 40.000, after making an allowance for 
 Keys s absent division, and not counting Cox s 7,000, the balance 
 of Sturgis s command, or the new troops mentioned by Halleck 
 and Pope. But Pope says his men and horses \\ere much used up 
 and worn out, and without food. Well, I suppose the poor "rebels" 
 were living in clover all this time. There is one advantage we 
 
 NOTE. The army of General Lee in the campaign again-t McClellan did 
 not exceed 80,000 officers and men, at I have demonstrated on another occasion. 
 The only re inforuvmenti he nivived from the South, or any other quarter, 
 after that r:mi| :iiL:n and previous to the campaign against Pope, constated of 
 the brigade* of Kvans and Urayton, ami j>erhai* two Alabama regimenta. Some 
 of the troops engaged in the" "Seven Days Battles," besides the division!* of 
 I). II. Hill, Mt-I>aw>, ami J. <i. Walker, were lelt near Richmond, and did not 
 |Kirticipate at all in the campaign against 1 jpc, or that into Maryland. 
 
5 
 
 had over Pope very certainly we had nothing for him to capture, 
 
 and we g- t into his supply train .it Manassas : l>ut cv n that did 
 not last very lmg. ( ) n the- night ot tlu- ist of September, at Ox 
 Hill, I mack- my dinner and my -upper <>n two cars o! ^reeii corn, 
 which I roasted by the lire while sitting on the damp ground ; ami 
 on the next day, while pass ng through my brigade, I saw the 
 ration^ being issued to my men. and they consisted exclusively <>1" 
 cold boiled fresh beet, without salt or bread. I helped myself to a 
 small chunk, whirh I munched to -till the cravings of hunger. 
 There were few, if any. in our army, from the hi-hesl to the lou e-t. 
 any better oft" than 1 was. 
 
 I will give you OIK- mi ire and the last <\\i< >tatioii from Popes 
 otficial report. He h id said in his address ! his troops ; "1 ha\ c 
 come to y< >u troni the \\Y-t. wheiv \\ < ha\ e always seen the barks 
 of our enemies - In >m an army win >se bu.-in ss it ha- been to seek 
 the adversary ,md beat him when found, whose policy has been 
 attack and not del nee;" and in a disp itch to Kearrey at ^ P. M . 
 on the j;th: "Jackson. A. 1 . Hi ! and I- . well an- in front <f u-. 
 Hooker ha- had a s n re ti-ht with th m today- MrI)..wIl 
 marches upon Manas-a- Junction fn.m ( ".aim s\ i .I.- to mo; r, ,\ v at 
 day-break. K-n - up-.n tin- same plaee at the same hour. I uant 
 you here at day-dawn, il possible, and we \\ill ba- the wh< ! en .\\ d." 
 N et he lias ih.- f..l!o\\in- doleful lellections in iln r.,ur!udin^ part 
 1 >t" \}\> < ttirial repi >i t : 
 
 1 o conlnuU, \\ ith a small army. \ a-t!\" -upi rior t< >; c s : to fi^ht 
 battles without hope . -f \ ictory, luit >nl\ t.. -ain time, and t cin- 
 birrass and delay the foruard mnvenient ..! th<- enemy, is of all 
 duties, the most lia/anlous and the m.st ditli u t ;hat ran b. im- 
 ;" sed up ii any ( ieiu-ral . r any army. \\ hi!- siirh >perati< >n> re 
 quire the highest courage and t lid ura nee , ,n the part o! tJ K . t,-, , ( ,j, s> 
 they are, perhaps, unl k* Iv to be understo -d ,,r appreciated, and 
 ^he result.-, howe\< r successful, have littl.- in them to attract popu 
 lar attention ami applause. A\ no time could 1 have hoped to ii-ht 
 a successful battle with the immensi ly superior force (1 the < lu-my 
 which conlronted me, and which was able at any time to out flank 
 me and bear my small army to the dust." 
 
 "O, what a tall was there, my countrymen!" 
 
 The result of this campai-n was that Virginia was cleared of the 
 invading army, except at Fortress Monroe and its vicinity, Norfolk 
 
where the enemy s men-of-war and gun-boats enabled him to hold 
 lion, the fortifications covering Washington on the South, 
 and North-western Virginia, where traitors and renegades, under 
 the protection of Federal bayonets, had established a bastard State 
 Government. Even the Kanawha Valley had been cleared of the 
 enemy, as the withdrawal of troops from that quarter, for the 
 defence of Washington, had enabled Loring to penetrate into the 
 Valley and drive the enemy from it. 
 
 There have been criticisms of the strategy employed by General 
 Lee in sending Jackson to the rear of Pope, thus dividing his army 
 and placing the smaller portion between two hostile forces of supe 
 rior numbers. This is said by some to have been in violation of 
 the established rules of war. Genius is trammelled by no arbitrary 
 rules, but is able to burst the fetters which bind ordinary intellects. 
 With vastly inferior forces and resources, if General Lee liad 
 conformed to the ordinary rules of war, he would, perhaps, have 
 taken some defensive position and waited until the enemy had 
 accumulated forces sufficient to overwhelm him, or retired before 
 the enemy s superior numbers, thus giving up the whole country 
 his troops were fighting for, and gradually losing his army by 
 exhaustion and desertion. But he knew that it was necessary to 
 make up for the deficiency in other respects by activity, energy, 
 
 IS. 
 
 We are told that, when the young Napoleon made his first cam 
 paign in Italy, he startled the European Generals of the old school 
 by his disregard of the recognized tactics and science of war, and 
 they thought him wild and crazy, but he defeated his opponents 
 nevertheless. And so some military critics, of the red tape order, 
 may think General Lee committed a jjreat blunder on this occasion, 
 but it was a very successful blunder, 
 
 A General should be able to understand his opponent, as well 
 as the instruments he himself employs. 
 
 General Lee thoroughly understood Pope, and he knew, and 
 fully appreciated General Jackson. In a letter lo General Porter, 
 written in July, 1870, General Lee. in a very lew plain words, ex 
 pressed volumes he said : 
 
 " I had no anxiety for Jackson at 2nd Manassas. I knew he 
 could hold on till we came, and that we should be in position in 
 
There was no man in .ill our armies \vh<> uas so bold and daring 
 in his strategy and his operations a.s ( ieneral Lee, and the difficulty 
 
 he- labored under was to find agents to carry out the plans he 
 designed. General Jackson was just the man he u anted. \Vhat- 
 ever General Lee devised or suggested, General Jackson \\asivadv 
 to carry out promptly and without question or cavil as to its feasi 
 bility. 1 he- confidence they had in each other was mutual, and 
 there was no man in all the South, \\hether in or out ot" the arm\ , 
 upon whom the loss of ( ii neral Jackson fell so In a\ ily as uj)on 
 deiieral Lee. In this campaign against 1 ope, ( iener.il Jackson 
 displayed greater al iiht \ - and resources than on an v ot IK r < >ccasi< n, 
 because the circumstances bv which he uas suriound<l ie(juired 
 surh display; and lie tully juslit nd the cuntidence reposed in him 
 by ( ieneral Lee. 
 
 And now, my coinradc-s, \\lu-n calK-d up- n lor a defence or 
 justification oi the cause in which you were enlist* d. yon can poim 
 proudly and confidently to the characters ot ilu- vjvat k-aders 
 .whom you foll<>\\( -d -Lee and Ja. ks.-n- f.ir ytur omj,], te \ indi 
 cation. 
 
 \\hen the caj)tive Israelites sat lov\n by the ri\crs of Babylon 
 and wept, the sacred psalmist put into then- m.-uihs the t .]! ,\\ in^ 
 language : 
 
 "If 1 forget thee, O. Jerusalem, let my ri-ht hand f,,r-et her 
 cunning ." 
 
 " ]1 J cl(l not remember thee, 1,-t my tmi-ui- cleave to the n.nf oi 
 my mouth; if J prefer not Jerusalem abo\ ( mv , hi. t j,,y." 
 
 1 lni ^ that c\-ery faithful soldier ol the Army ..I Northern \ ir- 
 ginia is ready to e\< laim \\ ith me : 
 
 "Ileverl disown, repudiate, or apol. .-i/ r f, , r , the cause for which 
 Lee fought and Jackson died, K-t the li-h;nin-> ol I leaven blast me, 
 and the scorn of all g,,,>d Ilu . n ;11K 1 tnu . U()!m . n ] H . in (( lu , n / 
 

TflE T^D J\N|IUJ\L BANQUET 
 
 )! THK- 
 
 >0riettt of tfo Irmjj and ft 
 
 . *j 
 
 OF THK 
 
 IN THK STATK OF MARYLAND 
 
 HK.I.n AT 
 
 THE CARROLLTON 1IOTHI 
 
 FEBRUARY S3, 1SS3. 
 
The {Society of the ^mij \ Navy of the Confederate $tate$ 
 
 IN THK STATK OK MARYLAND. 
 
 The Society of the Army and Navy of the Confederate States 
 in the State of Maryland is the Maryland Division of the Associa 
 tion of the Army of Northern Virginia, formed at Richmond. 
 Virginia, in 1870. of which the Division of Louisiana, at New 
 Orleans is a strong and enthusiastic auxiliary. 
 
 The Society in Maryland was organized so as to embrace all 
 Confederates, without regard to the branch or locality of service. 
 
 It has recently added a Beneficial Society to its machinery, and 
 an awakening enthusiasm, and interest, has been aroused, which 
 will largely increase its membership and consequent usefulness. 
 
 The Third Annual Banquet of the Society took place at the 
 Carrollton Hotel, after the conclusion of (k?ncral Karly s address 
 and was attended by a large and enthusiastic assemblage about 
 one hundred and seventy five gentlemen sat down to the entertain 
 ment. 
 
 It was presided over by General Bradley T. Johnson, the Pres 
 ident, with General Early on his right. General Wade Hampton 
 on his lelt. General Trimble. General Stuart, Lt. Col. J. R. Her 
 bert, Captain Waddell, Colonel Herbert, late of the 8th Alabama. 
 now Member of Congress from that State, Rev. VV. M. Dame, 
 Hon. J. K. C. Talbott. late private 2nd Maryland Cavalry, now 
 Member of Congress from Maryland, Major H. Kyd Douglas, 
 Colonel J. Lyle Clarke, Captain McHenry Howard and many other 
 prominent Confederates from the State. 
 
 After an earnest discussion of the Bill of Kare, the President 
 
 &c and called the meeting to order and read the Toasts. 
 
(Ouv 2nfuutvy. 
 
 \\ ith heart.- a- li.u r ln a- their ha\ er>ack>, Inn a- true and tead- 
 
 last as the barrel.^ of their mn-ket-, the\ fought hunger, hard 
 
 ship ami overwhelming n HIM I XT- tor lour \ ears ; t lit* sim 
 
 ple recital of their dee* I- i- iheir highest eiiconiiiim. 
 
 in.-l oMH .! in UN 
 
 TRIMBLE S DIVISION. A. N. VA 
 
 (Ouv <TtUiulvii. 
 
 Fir>t in the front, la-t in the rear. The Artillerv re-ted 
 time-; the Intantrv raivlv : ihc ( avalrv, ne\ ei . 
 
 I . C o I . C UM to M I ^ 1 1 1 i ua 11 c , 
 
 A A. G. CUSTIS LEE S DIVISION. A. N. VA. 
 
 (Our ArtUlcx*iv 
 
 Though oeea.-ionallv their room wa- lietter than their ei>mpanv. 
 hv reason of the marked attention which the\ attracted lr<nii 
 the enemy, a.- a ride (hey were verv \\elc.im.- 
 
 MclNTosH-s BATTALION ARTILLERY, A N. VA. 
 
 (Otxv 2\;unv 
 
 Ready for service wherever dutv ralh-d ; in thr hattcrir.- at Ar<fiiia 
 
 ( reek, or in the hreast-works at I etei>huri: ; from Hampton 
 
 Roads to Mol.ih- May. in tin- hour ot di>a>trr not h- than 
 
 in tin- day of victory ; thry added IIMIV to the can-. 
 
 they loved : they made all -e;f> acquainted with 
 
 onr tla- : they hoiv it tarthe>t and tlu-% 
 
 fiirle^l it la-t. 
 
 RKSI OVDKH Tn BY 
 
 C. S. S. S. SHENANDOAH. 
 
 OUR DEAD. 
 
 RKSPOM>K1> To m 
 
 PRIVATE 1ST RICHMOND HOWITZERS, A. N. VA. 
 Mr. Dame made a telling speech, Imt it was not reported. 
 
"OUR INFANTRY." 
 
 " With hearts as light as their haversacks, but as true and 
 
 steadfast as the barrels of their muskets, they fought 
 
 hunger, hardships and overu helmi*g mumbcrs for four 
 
 years ; the simpU recital of their deeds is their 
 
 highest encomium" 
 
 MR. PRESIDENT, COMRADES AND FRIENDS. 
 
 I was at a loss at tirst, to understand why the Committee 
 selectee! me a mounted officer to speak for the Infantry. For 
 tn o out of four years of the war. I had but one foot I could call 
 my own ; the other being in the hands of the manufacturers. Hut 
 I discovered the delicate irony intended to cover my defect ; that 
 being literally a foot soldier it was appropriate that I should speak 
 for the Infantry. 
 
 Our Infantry ! What a theme for the orator, the historian and 
 the poet ! No one has done nor for a long time can do it justice. 
 
 From the igth of April. 1861, when volunteers began singly 
 and in squads to cross that River, which only divides, hut does 
 not separate Maryland from grand, glorious Old Virginia ; and to 
 hasten from the Ranches of Texas ; the glades of Louisiana ; the 
 cotton fields of Mississippi and Alabama, of Georgia, of Florida, 
 and South Carolina, and from the dark mountains and sombre 
 pines of the "Old North State ; " to the day they laid down their 
 arms under the apple tree at Appomattox ; the exploits of the 
 Infantry surpassed in heroism and endurance those of any record 
 ed in the history of modern warfare. 
 
 What marching and fighting! What privations in food and 
 clothing ! What sublime endurance in unprotected camps and in 
 long marches in drenching rains, in winter s cold and in summer s 
 
heat! What enthusiasm exhibited as engagements with the enemy 
 approached and with what intrepid valor in the shock ol conflict! 
 
 These deeds have given tin- Infantry of the South, a name not 
 inferior to any of modern times, and that will live in history and 
 verse, as long as chivalrie deeds shall excite the admiration ot 
 mankind. 
 
 No voice nor pen ran do justice to the wonderful exploits ot 
 the Southern Soldier; to brave, patient, indomitable "Johnny Reb." 
 
 I know that I am no orator, but why should I not // T to extol 
 his prowess ? We marched together; we fought together: we 
 starved together. That superb Brigade .the 7th) composed ot 
 the 2ist Georgia, 2 ist Xorth Carolina, isth Alabama and ifSth 
 Mississippi, with that unmatched battery of the "boy" Latimer 
 the peer of any in the service all by their splendid fighting, made 
 me a Major General. I therefore owe them something. 
 
 From the day I first led them into battle in Jackson s glorious 
 campaign and only left them when wounded at ^d Manasses ; it 
 was their splendid behavior there, and in alter battles, which 
 promoted from their officcr>, - Ilyigadit rs and ft Major ( irnt rals. 
 Yes my comrades; but it was not the ;th Brigade alone which 
 conferred such honors. It was the m, n of the Brigades cvcr\- 
 n hcre. ; who by their courage and "dash" marie all our command 
 ers in the Army of Northern Virginia and in the South and West, 
 save Lee and Jackson. They were Nature s Heroes. They were 
 made by the hand of the Great Father above, who commands 
 the Armies in Heaven and on Farth. 
 
 Yes, although able chieftains planned campaigns and directed 
 skillful manoeuvres in the field, it was "fohnny Reb" who icon the 
 battles, and yet was nrrrr promoted. I think I will attempt this 
 evening to do him tardy justice, and appoint him, over all grades, 
 to the rank &{ * General Johnny /\V/>." He was as great as any of 
 our chieftains; and if then- was any one grratrr than he, it was 
 "Johnny Reh s" wife. Did not she enlist nearly all our soldiers, 
 without paving one dollar of "bounty" and send them to the field 
 to join hands and hearts with the sons of glorious Old Virginia? 
 And if they had not "marched pretty quick," there would have been 
 fought more domestic "scrimmages" "away down South in Dixie." 
 than Lee and Jackson fought in Virginia. Well ! they did "obey 
 orders." and come. And who of us here, my comrades, would 
 not have done the same, and freely shed the last drop of his blood 
 
for woman s protection and a mother s approving smile. Yes ! 
 they came with high resolve to defend a cause which they believed 
 to be right. How many of them came too, to fill "unnamed" 
 graves ? 
 
 Hut what a picture, in general, did they present when first 
 among us in Richmond? No gay uniforms; no martial step; no 
 florid faces ; no erect forms ; true some from cities did come 
 "bedecked in all the panoply of war." Who that had seen the 
 gaudy splendor of "trained armies," could suppose that these half 
 bent, lounging forms would ever make good soldiers. 1 confess 
 1 had my doubts and only hoped for success in their proverbial 
 bravery and their sure skill with the musket. "Johnny" could 
 shoot deer and squirrels at home with the rifle, then why could 
 he not hit a Federal Soldier ? 
 
 How were we all mistaken in their fighting and marching qual 
 ities, and in their almost sublime patience under bitter hardships 
 of all kinds ? 
 
 In after days when they won battles, well might Swinton, a 
 Northern historian, call them "that incomparable Infantry with 
 bright muskets and ragged jackets." 
 
 Well ! so "our Johnny Rebs" were drilled in haste and formed 
 into Regiments and Brigades, the greater number armed with 
 old flint-lock muskets, converted into percussion locks ; but in 
 every battle he picked up better arms, dropped in a hurry, by 
 Yankee "braves." 
 
 The Brigades of the Army were the proper nucleus of its 
 organization and strength; of its "Esprit de Corps"; its reliance 
 in the stern conflict and for the dashing charges that won the day. 
 
 
 
 Brigades were handled with more facility and expedition on the 
 march and in the battle. The men knew well their Brigade com 
 manders who were ever present with them, to share the toils and 
 exposures of the service, as well as the perils of battle. And if 
 "Johnny" had faith in his Brigadier; could hear his voice, or see 
 his form ; things always "went right." 
 
 I have said the men of Brigades made all our Generals. They 
 also did some discourteous things in another u ay. They cashiered 
 in a very reckless manner ; without intending to hurt their feelings, 
 some six or seven commanding Generals on the /V^ra/side, and 
 made "Old Joe Hooker" and others of that sort "get out of the 
 way." 
 
When was it that some Brigade was not called on to repel an 
 advance? or by a charge to end a battle? and where was it that 
 with such officers as Taylor, Gordon. Winder, Hoke, Wilcox. 
 Lane, Early, Hampton, Johnson and Herbert, and a score of 
 others like them; that the Infantry ever tailed to win the day? 
 How was it at the/irst and second Manassas ? How in Jackson s 
 Valley Campaign? How at Coal Harbor:* How at Kredericks- 
 burg ? How at Chancellorsville ? And how in that indomitable 
 struggle in the wilderness and at Spottsylvania Court House against 
 odds of 3 to i ? How everywhere in a charge, save at Malvern Hill 
 and Gettysburg, where impossibilities were attempted, but where 
 the "boys" could show how they scorned death if they could not 
 conquer? And how was it my comrades, when that Brigade 
 cheer "that appalling rebel yell" as Yankees called it once heard, 
 never forgotten which for four years of bloody strife sent back its 
 echos to every battlefield in "Old Virginia?" 
 
 There is no need to answer these questions. Time and just his 
 tory have answered them all ; and told that this triumphant cheer 
 was everywhere the harbinger of victory ; and when heard afar 
 amid the discords of battle, "wc-uns" knew that "you-uns" had 
 finished the work in hand. 
 
 THK YALLKY CAMPAIGN. 
 
 Some of us Marylanders were in that brilliant campaign of Jack 
 son, and we knew that some "pretty tall" marching as well as 
 righting was done there. It was there that the Southern Soldier, 
 unused at home to walking any distance, or "toating" any burden, 
 (always choosing to saddle his horse lor a long ride of half a mile. 
 to visit a neighbor,) first exhibited his wonderful powers of endur 
 ance and resolution. Such marching qualities introduced that 
 new feature in the organization of an army. The Koot Cavalry. 
 
 DISTANCE MARCHED BY JACKSON. 
 
 On a fair computation of the distances marched from the battle 
 of Kearnstown to McDowell and thence back and forth to the 
 end of the campaign at Port Republic; over 500 miles were made 
 in 90 days, inclusive of time given to battles and reorganization of 
 forces at Conrad s store. Deducting for battles and imperative 
 halts, these troops marched an average of 12 miles a day. many 
 days 30 miles in spite of heat, rains and bad roads. 
 
In this period they fought five decisive battles, winning all but 
 one, (and that not a defeat) against adversaries all around them, 
 numbering in the aggregate four men to Jackson s one. When 
 escaping from the snares that beset his path and reaching Stras- 
 burg on the evening of May 3ist ; McDowell on his left, was near 
 Front Royal with 30,000 men, only 12 miles from Strasburg. 
 Fremont was at Wardensville on his right, 20 miles from Strasburg; 
 with 14,600 men both together numbering near 45,000 men ; 
 while Banks, south of the Potomac and but 50 miles from Stras 
 burg, had 14,000 men, (but Jackson never took much account of 
 Banks, save for his commissary stores.) Thus making four times 
 the force of Jackson s 15,000. And yet the Federal forces missed 
 their prey. Jackson was out of their toils and the "Foot Cavalry" 
 did it. Winder had marcher over 50 miles in 30 hours. Is it 
 surprising that Lincoln was scared and that the World gazed in 
 wonder? Or that another small batch of 100,000 men was 
 called for to defend Washington ? Such marching and lighting 
 has no example in military history since the conquest of Gaul by 
 Caesar. 
 
 The only occasions when our Infantry could not surpass the 
 Federals in marching, were those when the latter were "going to 
 the rear." 1 have often wondered at the surprising "nack" they 
 had in getting away from us. I suppose it was because they went 
 "in light marching order," without knapsack, musket or overcoat 
 
 "STAYING." 
 
 Of all the soldier-like qualities of "Johnny Reb," the most 
 conspicuous was what is known on "the turf," as the "staying" 
 quality, as well illustrated in the "Old North State," as in any 
 other. If hungry, he staved hungry with a patience beyond belief. 
 If eating, by chance, a good supper ; he stayed at it a long time. 
 If ordered to march, he stayed struggling on the best he could. 
 If ordered to hold a position, he stayed there. If ordered to a 
 charge, he stayed "agoing" until the enemy were out of sight. It 
 is true "Johnny did sometimes stay behind not to "skulk," but 
 to drag his weary body along with all the strength left in him. 
 And when a tight was on hand, he happened somehow to be there. 
 
 It was General Lee s profound confidence in the steady valor 
 and "staying" quality of his troops that made him boldly encounter 
 on all occasions, the great odds against him. As at Fredericksburg 
 
10 
 
 and Chancellorsville, two to one. In the Wilderness, three to 
 one. General ( irant had 1 43 ,000 men. Lee but 43.000 the first 
 day, (and at no time after, more than 54.000 men) and these, 
 fighting the first day tor the most part in Brigades against over- 
 welming odds: at one time, against odds ol ten to one. Be it 
 always remembered that from the beginning of that tierce struggle 
 in the Wilderness to the end of the contest at Coal Harbor that 
 is, from the 5th of May to the 3d of June. General Grant s losses 
 in killed and wounded were more in numbers, than General Lee s 
 entire Army, causing General Grant to send on the ;th of May 
 for reinforcements, at Washington and from other points.* 
 
 For the two first years of the War. victory perched on the ban 
 ners of the Southern Army. Everywhere in Virginia, at Bull Run 
 and Manassas ; in Jackson s Valley Campaign against Banks, at 
 McDowell, Winchester, Cross Keys and Port Republic ; in the 
 seven days around Richmond at Games Mill, Coal Harbor, 
 Savage Station, Kraser s Farm, ami Malxern Hill. Hvc battles 
 in 7 days. Then again, at Slaughter s Mountain, and at second 
 Manassas where there were 3 days fighting and 3 victories. Then 
 at Fredericksburg and at Chancellorsville. Yes my comrades, 
 continuous victories for t\\o vears. 
 
 Well appointed Federal Armies failed in five attempts to march 
 on Richmond and w-r- driven out of Virginia by Confederate 
 forces, never more than one halt ot those opposed to them, and 
 often less than one-third; and all the time with inferior arms, 
 clothing and equipments: and \a>tly. interior Commissary and 
 Quarter Master s and medical stores, hospital supplies. \:c.. c\:c. 
 
 : <TiMKT:il (Jntiit enteied il,,. \Vildi-nu- uith 1 J;,.(MHI mm ..| .-ill arm-. 
 
 Miave the until. >rit\ i.| C..i,mel ( harh- Mughal!. !< ,r Mat in- that (ieiieral 
 Lee s force when he l,.|t \Iin, Kim \\u- nut ii\vr |::.IMMI men \\ ith part ! 
 Swell s o.rps. ). |H., (V |\ addled tin- Federal advamv ..ii tin- .".th Max and 
 drove hack part- \ tin ...! -|,s 
 
 < )u the 7th at noun, I. .n-_:-ttv.-t arri\.-<| \\ith 1 l.unn ,,.,,. ;m ,l ,|,-,,\,. h; ir k th< 
 Federal ^rijf lit, with i;ivat -lanuhti i-. :.,,-, amrn-u:iir tln-n iiunilK-ml . i4.(MMi 
 nun. The foiitfst \\ a- tii-n--l\ \\a-c.l. .lailv. inn i I t h.- ] .",t h \\ lu-n < .rant - f<.n-- 
 wiM-t- everywlierc ivpnU-d. II, ,h,-n ,-ali-.l tur ivinti.r(vnuMit> frmn W:.-.!,- 
 m^tcn: and did not ivsnnu tlu- nlK-nsivt- until the l^th H.vk.-nrid^- and 
 Hoke joined Ltv uith li .dOti .. j UM |,,.f, ir ,. j},,. |,] 1(0( | N t -,, n t,.xi at < .al 
 Harbor, hy which time (.rant |,ad received n-int. .. .vnieiil ^ aiiiMiimini: tn i.\(MMi 
 men, making his si^ivjfati; tonvs.that dossed the HappahaniUK-k I .m.iKXi mm. 
 general Lee , a^re-ate. inclusive ,,i Hreckenridjrc- and H-.kr did nut .-xcr^l 
 It is a significant fact. that, m.twithstandiiitr the ample appliaucrs,,t 
 the Federal army, their dead, in th.^e hattlev Wt , n . left m.hnried and the 
 woundi-d left <m the lield uncaie.l liu- 
 
II 
 
 It is well known that ample and regular supplies of food and 
 clothing contribute greatly to the good discipline, high spirits 
 and morale of an army the best assurance of victories. Their 
 deficiency ; to its discontent, depression of spirits, and that absence 
 of enthusiasm, which is often -times the precursor of defeat. 
 
 Now it is beyond dispute that no armies since the beginning 
 of this century were so completely equipped as were those of the 
 Federal Government ; while it is equally indisputable that those 
 of the South were as signally deficient in all these essential requi 
 sites. Hence to great inferiority of numbers might be added the 
 supposed disheartening influence of scanty and irregular supplies 
 of all kinds, to impair the efficiency of the Southern Soldier. 
 But in such a cause and with such leaders, these privations, but 
 added to their strength ; ami it was found to be true of the South 
 ern Infantry, as of Soldiers in all armies that "poverty, privation 
 and want are the school of tin- good soldier." If these could 
 make soldiers, then Lee s army was the best training school the 
 world has ever known. 
 
 To truly describe the general condition of our men seems now 
 like gross exaggeration. In my brigade when marching on Win 
 chester, May 24th, twenty five per cent, of the men were bare footed 
 and the rest with shoes, only in name. It was a rare thing to see 
 a soldier with overcoat, or blanket, or knapsack. Next day how 
 ever. General Banks s stores in Winchester supplied them with all 
 these most needed wants as well as abundant rations. 
 
 I once heard of a man in the West, who had invented a boat to 
 run in very low water, to keep open the navigation of the Ohio in 
 summer months. It would run in hco feet, one foot, six inches of 
 water : in fact, if no water could be found, he said it would run 
 where the ground was only a little moist. 
 
 I think "Johnny Reb s " appetite much resembles the wonder 
 ful performance of that western lx>at. It would carry him along 
 with only a little bacon grease, or even with the smell of Banks s 
 commissary stores Hams all cooked ready for us. 
 
 If any one doubts the superiority of the Southern Soldier, let 
 him suppose the relative numbers in battles reversed, and then ask 
 what would have been the result ? 
 
 Would the ablest and boldest of the Federal ( ienerals have 
 been rash enough to hurl 50,000 of their best men against Lee in 
 
command of 100.000 Southern Infantry If they had done so. 
 who can doubt what the result would have been .-* 
 
 It was often said by Yankee Soldiers in siH ial fvmrrst on tin- 
 picket line. "Oh ! if we had such generals as Lee and Jackson, we 
 could whip you." Docs not this idea admit the superiority ot 
 our soldiers and generals as fully as any one can expect." 
 
 DESERTION. 
 
 1 would like, if time permitted, to sav a \\ord about desertions. 
 
 "Johnny" did not understand the meaning of "desertion," as 
 defined by "the Articles of \Yar." He probably never taxed him 
 self with reading such "heavy stuff", and 1 don t think they were 
 ever read to him on "parade inspection. 
 
 He thought it no harm to go home alter a hard campaign, tell 
 his story of battles, see "the old folks at home" and return in time 
 for another tight. 
 
 1 well remember, after our battles around Richmond, when \\ e 
 were recuperating our exhausted strength at Liberty Mills; that 
 the Colonel of the 2ist North Carolina regiment came to my tent 
 one morning and reported that /< /7r men. the night before, had 
 left his command. 1 said "Colonel this is a \ery serious matter 
 and must be promptly attended to : can t these men be pursued 
 and arrested ? 1 le "thought they c< mid not be, until they reached 
 their homes, but the effect of arresting them, and of trying them 
 
 *NOTK. The Southern Soldier ua- full of expedients for In-tiering hi- 
 condition: hy mititratini; the pani^ of hunger; h\ -upplying deficiency in 
 clothin.tr. and hy re-tori ULT the frequently e \haii-ted ammunition. Hi- ingenuity 
 invented "Stone Soap" and rau hide -Inn - : and the appropriation of the arms. 
 ammunition, knapsacks. i\c.. of dead or defeated enemies, often restored his 
 exhauMed -upplie- of tln-e article-. Hi- conlidencc. coolnes- and hravery 
 never forsook him on the march, or in the conflict ; and his propensity tor tun 
 and jest hroke out in the midst of dangers in the heat of hattle. Said a Sol 
 dier to his comrade, in a lull of hattle in tin "Wildcrne : "Taint no use 
 to shoot these Yankee-, if you kill ten of em. twenty step- into their places- 
 hut the dead un- act fair, they leave u- their loaded muskets." "Come out of 
 these hoot-, mv friend/ a- a Soldier -aid when taking that article from a dead 
 enemy. 
 
 It is a well authenticated fact, that in the -evere and Moody conflict in the 
 
 Wildenu -**, atrainst numher-. which would have heen overwhelming on open 
 ground, our men ingenuously supplemented their deficiency of numbers, hy 
 collecting on manv occasions, arm--fiill of muskets and cartridge hoxes from 
 dead or defeated enemies, carrying them to the rear; ready tor the next on- 
 slaught of Grant s forces. Savinir "lt> a pitv to wa.-te so much tine amuni- 
 tion. and 1 reckon Ifmr is no order- <t(/in shooting Yankee- \sith their own 
 
 trims. It saves taking prisoners/ 
 
and sentencing them to be shot would have a bad effect and 
 deter effectually, other citizens from that State from entering the 
 Army." "Hut Colonel that matter is not for us to consider: 
 desertion in this wholesale way must be stopped." "But," he 
 rejoined, "( ieneral these men are not really deserters, they will 
 come back again in two weeks or so, if let alone ; and if I am 
 not much mistaken, will bring more men with them." I was 
 so much impressed by what he said, that I concluded to try 
 the experiment and say no more about it. Before the expiration 
 of the three weeks, the Colonel appeared one morning with a 
 cheerful face, and said "Well (k-neral my deserters have all 
 come back." "Forty of them." I replied, "this is good news." 
 "Yes" he said, "but the best news is. that they have brought back 
 with them thirty cnie new recruits." 
 
 This presented certainly, a novel condition of things, and 
 might well call for some modification of the "Articles of War" in 
 relation to "desertion." 
 
 In calling up these men, I delivered, with as much gravity as I 
 could assume, a lecture on the* evil of desertion, which might, as 
 practiced by them, disband the whole army, at a crisis in military 
 movements. I then dismissed them with what I thought the keen 
 est reproach I could utter, viz: "How would you have felt, men, 
 if we had fought a battle when you were away?" One of them 
 replied without any tears in his eye too, "Oh ! we knew that Old 
 Stonewall had to rest his men ; but General if a battle had come 
 off, we would have been thar somehow." 
 
 Knowing the temper, and child-like simplicity, yet the true loy 
 alty of the Southern Soldier: and that they all, in the beginning. 
 had been volunteers ; I was always opposed to shooting, what 
 were called "deserters." 
 
 If any of these 40 men had been arrested and tried, they would 
 have been condemned and shot, and yet they were innocent of 
 the crime of desertion. 
 
 Jackson, with his stern, rigid sense of duty, felt differently and 
 would not condone any violation of rules. 
 
 (ieneral Lee sanctioned the shooting of three men convicted of 
 desertion, in the winter of 1862-63, but never afterward. 
 
 He knew that in an army, composed as ours was, of true men, 
 it would be a cruel sacrifice of lives a two edged sword which 
 would, while striking at a crime, wound our cause in a vital point. 
 
The feelings of the Army were against it. Almost the univer 
 sal sentiment of the South was opposed to such rigorous construc 
 tion of martial law. 
 
 In very truth, we- know that the Southern Armies were com 
 posed of men, such as filled the ranks of no others since the days 
 of Caesar, and he -that greatest of all generals and of all men, did 
 not punish soldiers even when guilty of mutinous revolt. He 
 only told them to "go home 1 that they should not serve in 
 Caesar s Army." That was to them the bitterest condemnation 
 and they sought forgiveness on bended knee>. 
 
 Suppose tor one- moment that (ieneral Lee had called before 
 him a brigade or a regiment from which men had deserted and 
 said to them "some ol your men have tarnished the good name 
 ot this Army by deserting its rank* and our cause, go home, if 
 you will ; but if you stay your color* shall be taken from you." 
 Does not every one of us know that that condemned Brigade 
 would, in the very next battle, have sought death in the foremost 
 ranks to win back the favor ot a beloved rhirf. 
 
 MARYLAND MKV 
 
 I must here say a word or two of the Maryland men. ( ieneral 
 S. Cooper. Adjutant (ieneral of our < iovrrmnent. told me in 
 Richmond, that over 21.000 Marylander* had entered the South 
 ern Armies. Very unfortunately I think for the good name of 
 our State, and for the success ot the cause espoused, these soldiers 
 were never organi/ed into Brigades or Divisions. There were 
 enough to make a corps, and what a corps it would have been : 
 what deeds performed ! 
 
 (ieneral Lee- often told me that he had much at heart, the sep 
 arate organi/ation of the Marylanders. "They are. he said, un 
 rivalled soldiers and if brought together we may get many other 
 Marylanders to join us." 
 
 In a letter ot May isr^. when I applied after sickness, to join 
 him, lu- wrote : "I have something better for you. I wish you 
 to take command of the Shenandoah Valley your headquarters 
 at Staunton. You will have all the Maryland troops, which I 
 hope you will be able to organize and build up into something 
 respectable-. \<n\ can give general supervision of operations 
 there, and form the left wing of tin- Army. Let me know your 
 decision and I will issue the necessary orders." 
 
15 
 
 Before I.was well enough to reach Staunton, the move into 
 Pennsylvania had begun, and I was swept along with it. And so 
 the collection of Maryland men into Brigades, &c., was never 
 accomplished. 
 
 And now my friends, I shall trespass on your patience but a 
 moment longer. 
 
 At first we had but one regiment of Marylanders, the gallant 
 ist. How shall I speak of that ? Every one in Lee s and Jack 
 son s Armies admitted the superiority of its martial bearing ; its 
 unquestioned bravery and its unequalled discipline. On a march- 
 not hobbling along in broken ranks, but proud and erec^ in neat 
 fitting uniforms, they "swung on" in platoons of fours, "right 
 shoulder shift," keeping step, "with flag to the breeze." How 
 superb they looked ; no "straggling" there ; on they swept, 
 "dauntless and fearless and free," always welcomed with a cheer 
 as they passed by other troops. They could march better, fight 
 better, make better biscuits than any soldiers of the Army. 
 
 Oh ! if we could have had a Division or Corps of such Soldiers ; 
 some of us would have seen more of Maryland and Pennsylvania 
 and stayed there longer I think. I once said to General Lee after 
 the battles around Richmond, when urging the collection of 
 Marylanders together ; that with 20,000 such men, he could march 
 to New York. That was "tall bragging." But who can say it 
 might not have been done? The ist were the "dandies" of 
 the Army ; better dressed ; better shod ; better drilled and in 
 gayer spirits than any in thr whole Army, and never one 
 deserter. 
 
 Who that has stood on some battlefield of the war made 
 memorable by heroic deeds and dauntless bravery that was not 
 impressed with deep solemnity in gazing over its features ? I have 
 done so, but one year after the war was over, and surveyed with 
 overpowering emotions the plain where 
 
 Bright sword and gle.uuing bayonet flashed 
 
 In the light of mid-day where serried host* 
 
 Were shivered ; and the grew green from the soil 
 
 Of carnage ; then waved above the crushed 
 
 And mouldering skeleton where plats of broken soil 
 
 Still warned the plain showing where "unnamed" 
 
 Graven entoml>ed the fallen dead "names unknown 
 
 To all, but heroes mill." 
 
1 6 
 
 And as my eve tell on these humble hillocks, and my stops pro 
 faned not their hallowed earth ; I stood with uncovered boat! and 
 bowed in homage to the heroes who had passed to silence and 
 patriotic dust. And as the glance tell on the undulating surface 
 ot that held its bordering woods; it.s fences and tangled under 
 growth : what sight did memory picture nn>st \i\idly in the con 
 rlict that ragod there 3 \\ as it that noble chieftain, who so much 
 won our love and admiration . Seated calmly, with majestic 
 grandeur, on the old 14 ivy horse, and who only loved better the 
 eause he served than the lives ol his "boys in gray." The lilting of 
 whose arm made a nation tremble, and whose presence was ever, 
 the inspiration ot victory \o it was not him. 
 
 \Yas it the boom ot the 14 real guns < >n yonder hill sending and 
 receiving death at every roar and covering the field with that 
 sulphureous canopy the battle shn.wd < >l those who die No! 
 it was not the cannon s roar, nor the wild shriek ot" shot and shell. 
 Then what was it ! I ll tell you mv comrades. 
 
 It was that //v/i, line n\ t jnsk\- forms and flashing bayonets which 
 moves with silent, steady tread across \-on open field and towards 
 yonder woods, from which the menu has. for one hour, sent 
 sheets of leaden hail and from which a fiercer tempest is poured, 
 as those intrepid men advance. The plain is dotted behind them 
 thick with fallen forms. The line gj-o\\x ragged under this relent 
 less deluge ot death Hags go down: but float again : Still on 
 they go ; on: on: on! The wood is near, we hold our breath, 
 and then, above the mad roar ot the conflict, there swells upon the 
 air that "Rebel cheer" before uhich n> hostile forces ever stood - 
 and the day is won. 
 
 \ es : my comrades; another victory victrv after victorv : 
 why my friends, we were tS ""X > </ with victories, and we begun to 
 loathe them. They were too dearly paid tor. by the blood of our 
 brave men. not the hirelings of foreign lands) and the tears wrung 
 from broken hearts in far-off southern homes. 
 
 VICTORY. 
 
 It is said that a victory is sadder even than a defeat. In the 
 latter, we do not ivali/e at once our loss. In the former, we are face 
 to face with the ghastly wounds of the fallen, hear the heart-rend 
 mg moans of the wounded, and we must perform the saddest <>f all 
 
luties, the task oi" hunting tor and interring our dead comrades. 
 Then the triumphant cheer is changed to subdued tones, as the 
 dead are thrown into hastily made grave*. There they repose ; 
 no name, nor stone to mark the spot. Yes ; they will march no 
 more hunger no more tight no more but sleep undisturbed 
 until the "Great Reveille" shall wake them to a better life : where 
 wars are not, where no tears are shed nor weariness is known. 
 Yes ; there they slumber ; tar away from their homes of sunny 
 childhood. The wild Mowers of summer are all that deck these 
 humble mounds. 
 
 -Which tell of hearts that are wailing in vain 
 For tlu we wlu shall never wine home again ; 
 CM" the willow s moan ami the orphan s ery 
 Ami the mother s s|iewhless agony. 
 
 Ah ! no : humble , enduring ; patriotic ; brave ; unselfish ; 
 glorious! "Johnny Reb." you will never be forgotten; you need 
 no sculptured stone, nor classic epitaph to tell of your deeds. 
 They will be sung in verse and told in story. 
 
 "When marlile wear* away. 
 
 Ami monument.* are dust." 
 
 But 1 have detained you too long \\ith this feeble tribute to tin- 
 valor and prowess of the Southern infantry and will close by words 
 from the verse of our sweetest Southern Poet 
 "Kinn as the firmest win-re duty led 
 
 He hurried without a falter; 
 
 Bold a* the Utldot )u- fought and l>lfd 
 
 Ami the day was won hut the Held was re<l, 
 
 And the Mood of hi> fre>h young heart wan shed 
 
 For his fountr\ hallowed altar. 
 
 Hut ih ir memories e er shall remain, to us 
 
 Their names hright names without stain, for us ; 
 
 The glory they won shall not wane, for us ; 
 
 In legend and lay. our heroes i i gray 
 
 Shall forever live over again for us." 
 

"OUR CAVALRY." 
 
 First in the front, last in the rear. The Artillery rested 
 sometimes; the Infantry rarely; the Cavalry never. 
 
 KKSPOM>1.1) TO BY 
 
 LT. COL. CI.KMKNT St 1. 1 VANE, 
 
 A. ,\. <;. ITSTIS I.KK S DIVISION. A. N. VA. 
 
MR. PRESIDENT AND MY OLD COMRADES: 
 
 There is some indefiniteness about this sentiment which I am 
 called on to respond to, that tends to further embarrass the well 
 known modesty of a cavalry-man. "Always" first in the front 
 and last in the rear." Front of what and rear of what ? If it be 
 intended to insinuate that they are always first to sit down at a 
 well spread table, "with concomitants accordin ," and the last to 
 leave* it, in allusion to the well known slur of the other corps of the 
 service on the Confederate cavalry, that they were always first in 
 the front to attack the turnip patches and such like other objects 
 of a soldier s love, gracefully retired to the rear at the first sound 
 of heavy guns, and there pertinaciously remained to supply them 
 selves with the debris of battle before expeditiously following the 
 infantry and artillery in advance or retreat, then fellow soldiers, I 
 repel the same with indignation. 
 
 Hut the second sub-division of this sentiment seems to forbid 
 the idea of any such intention. "The Artillery sometimes rested, 
 the Infantry rarely, the Cavalry never." Being in the past tense it 
 cannot refer to the present, and can mean but one thing, viz : that 
 the Artillery sometimes rested from marching and fighting, the 
 Infantry rarely, and the Cavalry nci er. And taking the two 
 together, especially in view of this so happy an occasion that 
 brings so many of us old soldiers together once more, I can but 
 conclude that it is designed as a compliment, and in reply to it on 
 part of my cavalry comrades, will say that we are as happy to 
 meet our old comrades of the Infantry and Artillery on this fes 
 tive occasion, as (and many a time it has been) we were in the 
 stern days of yore, after weary hours of "holding the situation," 
 to see the long lines of bayonets of the one wheeling into line 
 behind us. and tin- other unlimbering their cannon in hot haste on 
 the adjacent hill tops. Then indeed "there was music in the air." 
 
 But the fact is, Mr. President, it was my fate to serve in all three 
 wings of that famous army, that even in defeat, has added fresh 
 glory to the annals of war, and I think I can speak impartially. 
 Being not much more than an infant, naturally I first served in 
 the Infantry and graduated in that renowned corps under then 
 Capt. (since Colonel) J. Lyle Clark, here present, ably assisted in 
 
his tutcla^f by Unit. Steuart Symington, seated at my side, who 
 was the "pretty lad" >f <mr company- - and I believe the ladies 
 maintain it to this day. Certainly it is not I who will say them 
 nay. Then, like- my friend. Col. Jack Wharton, of celebrated 
 memory. being of a somewhat adventurous turn in those days ol 
 youth, glory and hope, and having always heard that "it you 
 want to catch h-11 just jine the cavalry. "I attached myself to that 
 celebrated corps and had full opportunity f>i" <i year and a halt 
 to experience the full benefit of the situation. And then 1 went 
 back to my first love, there to remain until the last guns but those 
 of Appomattox resounded over desolated but e\ er glorious Vir 
 ginia. I refer of course to "Sailor s Creek." My experience 
 with my friends, the Artillerists, so handsomely represented hen- 
 to-night by Lieut. Col. Mclntosh. was indeed but brief, being in 
 point of tact confined to the \olunteer service oj a single day. 
 when I became entangled and somewhat mashed up in one ol 
 their rascally caissons on that day ol blood when, in one broad 
 wave of fiery valor. Infantry. Artillery and Cavalry rolled over the 
 ramparts of Corinth, where -inextricably intermingled) the red, 
 the yellow, and the blue c-nsi^ns of the service fell together, and 
 
 "Kvcli a- llu-\ t t II ill tilt- thr\ l:t\ . 
 I, ike the iiiM\vrr - L r ra ai th< <!< - <( <la\ 
 When hi- work i- linr <>n tin lr\vll-<l plain. 
 Such was the tail "(the t <>tvmi>-t -lain." 
 
 and cavalry, infantry, and artillery wen- all alike, the "first in the 
 front and the last in the rear at the storming of Corinth. 
 
 Mr. President. I served during our memorable and disastrous 
 civil struggle from the Kast to the \\Yst and back again to the 
 Kast, and wherever I \\ent. in >:>iv branch of the service, I met 
 with Marylanders. And why is it. I will ask. why is it that every 
 Marylander tin-ills <t t the name ot Maryland;* It is because he 
 feels a just pride in his State and of the people of whom he is a 
 unit. It is because he glories in the valor of her sons in the times 
 of war. their enterprise and law-abiding disposition in the days of 
 peace. Because from the commencement of the national history 
 to the present hour all over the globe- -from the icy wastes of 
 ( anada tar away to the South when- the bright green terraces and 
 ever flowering gardens of Mexico, bloom forever beneath the sky 
 ot the tropics. ( )n the trackless ocean, where the very war of tin- 
 elements has been drowned in the thunder of American cannon. 
 
f(7/<-/r:rr the American flag is flung to the breeze, there have- 
 throbbed, and still throb, Maryland hearts beneath the uniform of 
 their country. Wherever America has waged war. by land or sea-, 
 in protection of the rights, the dignity, and the interests of her 
 people, the children ol Maryland have crowded "foremost in the 
 front" and fallen in heaps beneath the banner of the Republic. 
 And as for the rear ! who was it that in our last and greatest war 
 got so "full of right," that seven months after our own Generals 
 told the ragged remnants of us to quit fighting and go home and 
 be as good citizens as we had been soldiers, and that was all they 
 wished of us, and we never quit until then our distinguished 
 guest, the famous Lieutenant General of the army of North Vir 
 ginia, the most honored as the most renowned of tiring Virginians, 
 exclaims "not by mv orders" and I yield to the accuracy of hisstate- 
 ment but it was by order of him who unc^er God commanded us 
 all, Robert K. Lee. I ask you. who was it that aroused the echoes 
 of the deep blue Pacific with Confederate cannon? It was the 
 Captain of the Shenand oah, and he was a Mary lander, and his name 
 was Waddell, and he sits by my side. And his guns were the 
 re-echoing of echoes that were sounding over the stormy Atlantic, 
 and thc\ were those of a Marylander and his name was Semmes. 
 I tell you, gentlemen, that practically Marylanders began that 
 war; the first blood was shed in your own streets of Baltimore, and 
 they certainly ended it. That i> to say, and to be entirely accurate, 
 it was a Maryland gun that was rired on the Shenandoah by a 
 South Carolinian whose name was Grimble, a compatriot and friend 
 of the famous Carolinian whom all Maryland delights to honor, 
 the last commander of the cavalry of the army of North Virginia 
 another distinguished guest who graces us with his presence on 
 this occasion. I can but refer to Lieut. General Wade Hampton 
 of South Carolina. The blood of the sons of Maryland crim 
 soned the snows of Quebec in the early dawn of the revolution. 
 It was poured out as free as a gushing torrent on the melancholy- 
 plains of disastrous Camden. where a Maryland brigade perished 
 well nigh to a man in protecting the retreat of their defeated com 
 rades. And tardy justice is now about to be done, mainly through 
 the instrumentality of the distinguished soldier who presides over 
 this Association, to that renowned foreign soldier who there led 
 our ancestors to battle. Maryland blood reddened the fortifica 
 tions of Monterey, stained the hoary ramparts of Chapultepec, 
 and rained a ghastly clew on the hill slopes of Gettysburg. 
 
24 
 
 Mr. President, it is not tin- Confederate survivors of the late 
 desperate simple between the States who arc- ashamed of their 
 sleeping comrades. <>r of the cause in which they fell. Theirs were 
 acts not to be excused but applauded not to be pardoned but 
 admired. And it is not in this company that 1 will condescend to 
 vindicate deeds that history will teach the remotest posterity to 
 revere, and which are calculated to enkindle in the heart" of un 
 born millions tin- holy enthusiasm ot freedom. //< have already 
 placed their names- side by side with the heroes ot the revolution. 
 ol the war ot iSu. and ot Mexico, and garlanded with the immor 
 telles that belong t, , the fallen brave, in that niche in the Temple of 
 Fame where they \\ill be preserved s.iered and inviolate through 
 all the atje.-v At least, while liberty remains a name upon earth 
 and selt sacrificing patriotism and unflinching courage are honored 
 ainono men. \\ e revere their memory, we justify the cause in 
 which they have fallen, and I trust I may hope and say in conclu 
 sion. Gentlemen of Maryland, that >hould any proper occasion 
 arise, we ol this ^eiieration may be lound c(jual t< the task <>J 
 emulating their example. 
 
"OUR ARTILLERY." 
 
 Though occasionally their roinn was better than their coin 
 
 pany, by reason ol the marked attention which they 
 
 attract ttl from the enemy, as a rule they were very 
 
 welcome except to the people opposite. 
 
 RKSl ONDKl) TO HY 
 
 COL. DAVID <i. Me 1NTOSH. 
 
 MiINTOSH s BATTALION AKTII.I.KKY. A. N. YA. 
 
MR. PRESIDENT AND FELLOW COMRADES: 
 
 It is such a very long while since I have had anything to do 
 with trailing a gun, or handling a battery ; I am afraid, in endeav 
 oring to respond to this toast to the "Artillery," 1 shall rind I have 
 almost forgotten how to "unlimber" and come into "action front." 
 
 I congratulate myself however, that on this occasion, I need be 
 in no hurry to get the range of an enemy; that there is no bother 
 ation about ascertaining the true difference between the "line of 
 sight" and the "line of tire;" that I have no "Hausses" to look 
 through, and no "Horses" to look after; and that I can quietly 
 throw a harmless shell, only taking care that my fuse be not cut 
 too long. 
 
 I am reminded by the terms in which you have been pleased to 
 convey this toast, that there were times, when our room was pre 
 ferred to our company, and our brothers of the Cavalry and the 
 Infantry did nt care to haxe the Artillery as near neighbors, by 
 reason of the attention bestowed upon them by the other side. 
 
 I cannot undertake to speak for those branches of the service, 
 but speaking for the Artillery. I think I am safe in saying that- 
 such a feeling was never reciprocated on their side. They may 
 have been a little exclusive about the matter of camps ; and I 
 think I have heard of their anxiety to get as far away to them 
 selves as possible: because perhaps of an impression which gen 
 erally prevailed, l hat Hardee s tactics didn t lay sufficient stress on 
 the distinction between meunt and tuum. 
 
 Hut whenever then- was a tight on hand, we were as social as 
 possible; we always loved company then ; and we were ready to 
 embrace our Infantry Brothers, and be embraced by them even to 
 two or three lines deep. 1 think about the lonesomest feeling in 
 the world, certainly the lonesomest to an Artilleryman, is to be 
 expecting a charge every moment and not be able to see any 
 support around. 
 
 One of the lonesomest experiences of that sort which came to my 
 knowledge, happened during that campaign about which we have 
 been so elcxjuently entertained by the distinguished speaker of 
 the evening. 
 
2$ 
 
 While- tlu- famished men and horses uere lu.xuratin^ on tin- 
 stores raptured at Manassas [unction, a battery was ordei cd to 
 take position upon the- crest of a hill some distance to the south 
 to meet an apprehended attack from the direction ol Bristow Sta 
 tion. \Yhich they proceeded t d<> icithout their stores. 
 
 The afternoon su\v all the troops m the neighborhood m>\c oil 
 to the north, and ni^ht came on. l>nt no u < >rd to the Battery. 
 The hours ^ivu longer as the darkness increased, and an occa 
 sional scout sent out reported nothing behind but the smoking 
 ruins at the (unction, and nothing in tr<nt bin the ominous rum 
 blin^ ol moving trams, l.on^ after midnight a Mjiiad of passing 
 cavalry gave the -oothin^ intelligence that th<-y brought uj> tin- 
 rear vjuard of the . rmy. and that the t iicmy wasn t tar oft. 
 You ve heard of the buy that stood , ,n the burning deck: but 
 there wasn t any ( asabianca in that Battei v on that ni^ht. Those 
 boys didn t want to be burned up or Cobbled up : they coin hided it 
 was too utterly lonesome, and day li^ht next morning tound them 
 .it Centreville behind as many lines o( Infantry as they could find. 
 
 But Mr. President, in responding to a sentiment, offered as this 
 is, to a branch ot the service representing s< . main braxe and dis 
 tinguished men, I am afraid 1 should .ippear u anting in proper 
 respect, if I allowed m\ remarks to be made altogether in the 
 spirit < t levitx . 
 
 It has its painful reimudeis. but it has also much that none ol 
 us would be \\illiniLi t> blot out or extinguish. 
 
 It is not eas\ to speak ot the past JUM as ..m teels. ( r as one 
 would like. 
 
 1 hen- is something in the discipline .md the danger and priva 
 tions of a soldier s lite, which always make its n trospect the ten 
 derest spot in his life. He nurses its irenn.ry with tender solici 
 tude, and no matter how rich or how poor, he esteems it amoiuj the 
 costliest ot Ins earthly possessions. 
 
 \\hen these ot us therefore who km.u something of what th.it 
 experience means, meet together m these annual reunions, the 
 world outside may well excuse us it we pause tor a moment attain 
 to look each other in the face, and briefly renew the associations 
 begotten in the past. There isn t a true soldier to-day, on either 
 side who would exchange his armv experience tor any period of 
 his life of e<|ual durati* >n. 
 
29 
 
 I take it therefore there is no arrogance or conceit, no, nor dis- 
 Ity either in saying I am proud of my association with the 
 Artillery of the Army of Northern Virginia. 
 
 ;e of us can be insensible to the impressions which the last 
 twenty years have made ; we are all of us to some extent moulded 
 by events. 
 
 Perhaps few, if any of those who fought the stoutest, would 
 now wish to change the final issue of the struggle. The thing 
 which most concerns us, and that which must assuredly be 
 accorded to us by History, is that in doing what we did, we did 
 under a solemn sense of duty. It was the sense of duty and the 
 supreme conviction that right was on our side, which made us the 
 soldiers that we were. 
 
 It would be envidious. Mr. President, and perhaps in bad taste 
 for me to allude specially on this occasion to the part which the 
 Artillery bore in our memorable struggle. 
 
 For myself, I have always concluded that to the Infantry man 
 in the ranks, belongs the first place of Honor. And I remember 
 that when I was accustomed to see those little squads mustered at 
 nightfall from their respective regiments and detailed to creep out 
 to the trenches on the picket line, there to lie for twenty four 
 hours in the mud and ice. between the lines of opposing forces 
 only a few hundred yards apart. I always felt like lifting my hat 
 to them as par excellence, the heroes of our army. 
 
 But while the Artillery had little opportunity for the display of 
 dash, and were denied the thrill of that exulting joy which runs 
 along the line of a victorious charge ; and while their chief merit 
 lay in the exercise of passive obedience and dogged resistance, 
 there was now and then an exhibition of their daring temper as 
 well as their stubborn courage. 
 
 I trust you will pardon my recalling an instance. I accom 
 panied Dement s Maryland Battery when a division of our Army 
 attacked the left flank of the enemy, near the Weldon railroad, in 
 front of Petersburg. The movement was quick and rapid, but 
 the battery moving thro an open space on the edge of the wood, 
 kept abreast of our front line of battle, firing as it advanced, and 
 when the battle was over, and while we were gathering in the 
 captured guns and prisoners, a section of the battery commanded 
 by the gallant soldier who now sits near me. Lieutenant Hill, tak- 
 
ing nut their horses ran their guns by hand in front of our pickets, 
 and within 2<x> yards of the enemy s works, firing several rounds 
 of cannister in the very lace of the enemy and getting off without 
 a scratch. 
 
 Amid all the glorious achievements ot our army in every 
 branch, there isn t a more brilliant episode than the defense of 
 Fort ( iregg, garrisoned by the Chesapeake Artillery and the 
 "Sups" from the battalion, armed with muskets, and nicknamed 
 "Walker s mules." The proper history of that defence has yet 
 to be written. 1 saw column after column of heavv black masses 
 of troops broken and shattered by the tire from the guns in the 
 works, and when after repeated efforts the enemy succeeded in 
 crossing the moat and scaling the rampart. 1 could see the flash 
 of the 4ims, with the enemy at their mn/./les. and the gunners 
 bayoneted at their p< >sts. 
 
 I cannot. Mr. President, in the .short spare ot time within which 
 I am cautioned to burn mv tnse, venture- to allude to the person 
 nel ot the Artillery. Hut I must be permitted to offer a single 
 word by way of tribute to that ^ood man and distinguished sol 
 dier, who was the Chief ot Artillerv t the Army of Northern 
 \ irgmia and whose death has been recorded sinre our last meet 
 ing. 
 
 He first saw .service as Captain ot a battery with Colonel, 
 afterwards ( ieneral Stonewall Jackson: was conspicuous with his 
 smooth brass guns at the first Manassas. and was made Chief of 
 Artillerv first under < ien l Johnson, ami then under ( ien l Lee. 
 It was in the last capacity that I knew him. 
 
 Phe organization of the Artillerv was such that it could never 
 be handled as a whole, and there was little opportunity for tin- 
 display of ability on the part of a Chief, except in the general 
 efficiency of that arm of the service. In this respect, (ieneral 
 Pendleton displayed the most excellent judgment, and his direc 
 tions and suggestions on the field were always marked by great 
 prudence and sagacity. < )ne had only to see and speak with him 
 a moment, to discover that he was not only the educated, but the 
 Christian soldier. He often received honorable mention in the 
 official reports of the Campaign, and he possesed. I believe, the 
 entire confidence- of that great leader, whom we all trusted and 
 delighted to follow. His great and beloved commander went 
 
3 
 
 before him, and now, he too has crossed over that river, upon thr 
 banks of which, we still pitch our tents, and has passed to the 
 other shore. 
 
 If we carry with us aught of the human into that spirit-land. 
 we may well believe, he rejoices in communion with those illustri 
 ous shadows, by whom on earth he was loved and esteemed. 
 
 In conclusion, let me say, Mr. President, that if as a rule, we 
 were welcome to our side, we did our level best to make our 
 selves unwelcome to the other side. They beat us in the amount 
 of ammunition burned ; and until we had captured sufficient to 
 make up a fair average, they excelled us in the character of our 
 ordnance ; but when it came to the point of markmanship and 
 execution, I believe our gunners always held their own. 
 
"OUR NAVY" 
 
 Ready lor service wherever duty called ; in the batteries at 
 
 Acquia Creek. <>r in the breast-works at Petersburg ; 
 
 from Hampton Roads to Mobile Hay, in the hour of 
 
 disaster not less than in the day of victory; 
 
 they added lustre to the cause they loved ; 
 
 they made all seas acquainted with 
 
 our fla^ : they bore it farthest and 
 
 they lurled it last. 
 
 RKSI ONDKD TO BY 
 
 CAPT. JAMKS |. WAIODHLL. 
 
 C. S. S. S. SHKXAXDOAH. 
 
MR. PRKSIDENT AND GENTLEMEN: 
 
 Your honorable committee have paid me the distinguished 
 compliment, by request, to respond to that sentiment, "Our 
 Navy." To me, as with all of us, it is an interesting feature to 
 this evening s entertainment. A sailor, with his opportunities, 
 hesitates to fulfill the duty he has undertaken to perform, in 
 addressing an audience cultured in all those branches of educa 
 tional refinement which develop and embellish the intellectual 
 attributes of man. Mr. President, the theme of this response, 
 like the flag it bore, though dead, yet will live; and I shall talk 
 about these things which occupied the thoughts of my boyhood, 
 grew with my growth into manhood, and have ever fascinated my 
 understanding. 
 
 The jjersonnel of the "Navy <>! the Confederate States" has 
 written its history in human gore. And I need here not des 
 cant on the odds it met. the places where conflicts and results 
 occurred, but like its heroism, so has it become history ; that it 
 gave to the Naval powers of the World, the armour plated fight 
 ing ships. All the powers of Kurope, if they would do the hon 
 est thing, would pay Captain Brooke a royalty, to say nothing of 
 the Government under whose flag we must feel privileged to live, 
 and Ix- content. The illustrious names of "Buchanan" and ot 
 "Semmcs" in themselves constitute a Navy. Without such spirits. 
 iron and wooden ships of war mean nothing : it is the inspiration 
 ol the God-like soul which throws light into such material, and 
 those names go down to coming generations, a people s pride, 
 a people s glory, a people s history. And Mr. President, their 
 memories leave emulation panting behind. The cruising vessels 
 of the Confederate States were- intended to operate against the 
 enemy s commerce, they were few. slightly built and swift, and 
 those vessels took absolute possession of the waters of the world, 
 driving without opposition the enemy s mercantile marine from 
 the ocean that were so fortunate as to escape capture into port 
 and even there, the "Gallant Read" chased and captured them. 
 
 As champions of a cause which commended itself, even to those 
 whose political instincts it offended, tribute has been offered to 
 
their patriotism and to their country s chivalry. No greater com- 
 plimc-nt could be paid them than the enemy s running abuse for 
 twenty years. It has been charged them th.it they were content 
 with burning merchantmen and destroying the commerce ot 
 the enemy, and as they did only what every belligerent povver 
 is most aml)itious ot doin^ to its opponent, the charge is a (csti- 
 wonv to then actiritv mui *kill. They may well be excused 
 tor usinii a weapon that then ( ncmv had furnished them ; if />/ /- 
 ;<//<</ ///(, as they still :/// hare it was the vice ol the Confed 
 erates, then the "federals" are responsible tor having sanctioned 
 it : it it was the one engine of war. which harras-ed them most, 
 then they reaped the penalty < <\ having labricated it. It is well 
 known that when Kurope conspired t" put down the system. 
 America refused to divest warlare <t i>ne < i it-- most cruel acces 
 sions. Sum up the offense-, against civili/ation. ol which both 
 sides were miiUv. and tin n see which is the greater criminal. 
 Have the people, w h< --peak < >! the ( uptauis ol those cruisers as 
 "Pirates." ever heard ot the ////// ot the "Florida ? The led 
 eral ( iov eminent distinguished it sell !orm-i l v in this class oj trans 
 actions. but did never suppress the outrages m the Hra/ilhan 
 waters, on the 41)1 d ( ) tober. 1*04. I>!<i it (vcr ^i\<- .1 more 
 consjiicui MIS e\hibiti<-n ot the ( < ide . .1 law and honor which 
 ruled it. and which its apoh.^isN att- < t <i to di-pise in then oj>po 
 nents \\ e all recollect the tal< ot treachery. The "Florida" 
 arriv ed .it Hahia San Salv ador. < n the 41)1 ol ( )< tober, 1.^04. she put 
 in tor a supply < >t stor-s and i<>al and t<> repair her machinery. 
 Soon alter she anchored, a boat tame alongside and asked her 
 name. The Confederate ^ave hi> rej)l_v in all liouesty. A j>erson 
 in the boat responded, "this boat is Inun Her Britannic Majesty s 
 Steamer Curlew." The thiu^ ;.</> ioit> u< . tor no British man-ol 
 war w .is in port at that tune. 1 he "Honda w as disco\ ered, and in 
 a lew hours, m the dead >t m^ht, s< historv ^oes. her crew was 
 butchered and the vessel towed out ot port and taken to Hamp 
 ton Roads, where, we all know how and by whom, she was des 
 troyed that destruction was made to avoid an honest restitution. 
 The commander ot the "\Yashusetts" was made a commodore lor 
 his sei/ure of the "Florida" in neutral waters. I do not think it 
 would have occurred in a British or a French port. It has been 
 said it the Conk-derate < Government had bought more cruisers 
 and let the buildin of costlv tihtini shis alone, a different 
 
result may have been reached ; that I think questionable. To build 
 fighting ships abroad was an easy task, but to get them to sea and 
 i them was a difficult one. Sailors are like other men, they 
 do not relish the thought o!" having their brains knocked out in 
 another man s tight. We depended on foreign sailors, and they 
 felt no interest in our war ; a thirst for gain allured a few to 
 enlist in our Ocean service, and prize money was the inducement. 
 A sailor s devotion while serving in a ship grows, and at mention 
 of her name his heart warms, and he is ever ready to defend her 
 honor, hence the restless impatience of the "Alabama s" crew to 
 engage the "Kearsarge." 
 
 What else, except the sailor s Ix-liel, in the life of ships, makes 
 the parallel between ship s lives and men s life, so pleasant and 
 constant a fable ? as on land, so on sea. you have them of all sorts. 
 There is the national ship, proud, stately, warlike. There is tin 
 great merchantman, rich, solid, busy. There is the fat. bustling 
 trader, toiling up and down the coast with coals or cattle or pro 
 duce. There are the graceful, lively, gaily dressed pleasure craft, 
 yachts and dispatch boats, tht ladies of the sea. There are the 
 industrious, disregarded "smacks" and "pungies" working hard for 
 every inch of luck they get and taking the weather pretty much 
 as it comes, which nobody counts, and nobody cares for. And 
 the reason why a ship s fate affects you so much, is always the 
 sailor s reason. When we see a great vessel rolling lonely at sea, 
 her mast gone, her gear loose and adrift, and sheets of foaming sea 
 pouring in and out of her helpless sides; who wants the fable ex 
 plained? Many such a < ratt. once proud and capable, wallows 
 among the screaming sea birds of destiny, upon the waters of life. 
 
 Practical and imaginative people may say what difference does 
 it make to the ship ? but no sailor will listen to that. Loquacious 
 theorists have declared, that naval supremacy is due to a pronoun, 
 we call the ship "the" and other tongues call a ship "//." "She" 
 implies that the ship "carries us" and in some manner, alive, as a 
 sailor in his heart privately believes or why does he talk about 
 her foot, her waist, her head, her dimity, as the graceful thing 
 floats on the surface of the wean ? There is life in the craft, from 
 the time she leaves the "ways" into the tide, to the hour when her 
 timbers are laid on the sand or rocks, or the saddest of all, in the 
 ship breaker s yard. The most of the iron plated vessel is, that 
 the black, ugly armour has no such vitality, and cannot be 
 
christened with the pretty old fashioned names which helped the 
 
 sailor s superstition out. \Ve cannot ans\\er lor such hideous 
 monsters, they are created out ot dull mineral, which came from 
 the bowels of the earth, and should they not all come to jjriel 
 like the "Monitor? The "Blacksmith." u ill some day have toturn 
 them into, /My iiHi//>aMs, iron railings and /><////. v. but Mr. Presi 
 dent, the timber of the wooden ship i;reu in the sunlight, it waved 
 in the forest and heard the \\ inds sin^. before bending to the breeze 
 under topsails. 
 
14 DAY USE 
 
 RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED 
 
 This book is due on the last date stamped below, or 
 
 on the date to which renewed. 
 Renewed books are subject to immediate recall. 
 
 17Apr 59AJ 
 RBC*D LD 
 
 
 LD 21-50m-8. 57 
 (C8481slO)47G 
 
 General Library 
 
 University of California 
 
 Berkeley 
 
YB 2022 r 
 
 .7 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY OF CAUFORNIA LIBRARY