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 ^ 6
 
 A SHOET ANALYSIS 
 
 or 
 
 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY, 
 
 WITH QUESTIONS FOR SCHOOLS. 
 
 BY TUB 
 
 REV. W. H. PINNOCK, LL.D. 
 
 OF CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE, CAMBBIDGB. 
 
 Author of the Analysis of ' New Testament History,' 'The Reformation,' 
 ' Eccletiastical History,' 'Laws and Usages of the Church,' ^-e. ^c. 
 
 CAMBHIDGE :-J. HALL & SON 
 
 : CO. ; Sin: 
 '. oxFo: 
 
 1869. 
 
 LONDON :-WHITTAKEE & CO. ; SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & CO. 
 AND BELL & DALDY. OXFORD; -J. H. PARKER.
 
 \
 
 a^,^C/4^ 
 
 SRLF /^ 
 
 URL OC/52.1C77ZO 
 
 PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. 
 
 These Pages are but an Abbreviation of 
 the Author's larger 'Analysis of Scripture 
 History,' and are intended more for storing the 
 memory with Bible facts, than for supplying argu- 
 ments or elucidations. It is hoped, therefore, that 
 it will prove adequate to the end designed. 
 
 January, 1859.
 
 A SHORT 
 
 I 
 
 rriptiire JBistnnj. 
 
 THE OLD TESTAMENT. 
 
 INTEODUCTION. 
 
 1. "The Bible" is a name given to the Holy 
 Scriptures to mark their pre-eminence and worth. It is 
 from the Greek word, Biblos, meaning " The Book." 
 
 2. In the Bible are the Old Testament, and the 
 New Testament; the former contains thirty-nine Books, 
 and the latter ttoenty-seven. 
 
 3. The Books of the Old Testament are further 
 divided into/ot«?' classes, viz. 
 
 1. The Books of the Law. 
 
 2. The Historical Books. 
 
 3. The Holy Writings or Poetical Books. 
 
 4. The Prophetical Books. 
 
 4. The Books of the Lain, five in number, were 
 written by Moses, and are also called the Pentateucli, 
 from two Greek words 'pente' Jive^ and 'teuchos' a 
 volume, or book. 
 
 5. They are 
 
 Genesis. I Leviticus. I -n^,,^- ^., 
 
 Exodus. Numbers. Deuteronomy. 
 
 1. What is the meaning of the word " Bible ? " 
 2. How many Books are in the Old Testament ? how 
 many, in the New? 3. Into what four classes are the 
 Books of the Old Testament divided? 4. Who wrote 
 the Books of the Law, and what is the meaning of Penta- 
 teuch ? 5. What are the names of these Books ? 
 
 2n:P,v'fi2Q
 
 2 Samuel. 
 
 2 Chronicles. 
 
 1 Kings. 
 
 Ezra, 
 
 2 Kings. 
 
 Nehemiah. 
 
 1 Chronicles. 
 
 Esther. 
 
 2 INTR OD UCTION, 
 
 6. The Historical Books are Twelve : viz. 
 
 Joshua. 
 Judges. 
 Euth. 
 J2\ 1 Samuel. 
 
 7. The Hohj Writings, or Poetical Books, some- 
 times called the Doctrinal Boolcs^ comprise Jive books, 
 viz. 
 
 Job. I Psalms, | Proverbs. | Ecclesiastes. 
 The Song of Solomon. 
 
 8. The Prophetical Books are divided into those 
 of the Greater Prophets, and the Lesser or Minor Pro- 
 phets, so called from the extent of their writings, 
 
 9. The Writings of the four Greater Prophets, 
 with the addition of the Lametitations of Jeremiah, are 
 those of 
 
 4, Isaiah. I (Lamentations.) 
 
 9. Jeremiah. | 13. Ezekiel. 
 
 10. The Minor Prophets, and their writings, are 
 these twelve : 
 
 11. Daniel. 
 
 3. Hosea. 
 
 1. Jonah. 
 
 8. Zephaniah. 
 
 5. Joel. 
 
 6. Micah. 
 
 14. Haggai. 
 
 2, Amos. 
 
 7. Nahum. 
 
 15. Zechariah. 
 
 L2. Obadiah. 
 
 10, Habakkuk. 
 
 IG, Malachi. 
 
 *^t* '\1\\Q figures denote the order of their appearance. 
 
 11. The Apocrypha, — In addition to these Books, 
 there are what are termed the Apocryphal Books, so 
 named from a Greek word 'apocrupto' to hide. They 
 are of doubtful origin, and are not written by inspired 
 writers ; yet they are useful for our edification. 
 
 12, The first English Bible was that made by 
 Wickliffe, about A, D, 1380-90, After the invention of 
 Printing (1411), the first entire Bible was the one by 
 Myles Coverdalcy A. D. 1535. 
 
 6. Which are the Historical Books ? 7. What are 
 the Holy Writings ? 8, Into what two classes are the 
 Prophetical Books divided ? 9. What are the Greater 
 Prophets? 10. What are the Minor Prophets? 11. 
 What are the Apocrj'phal Books, and whence is the 
 term derived? 12. When was the first English Bible 
 printed?
 
 B.C.4004.] OIINESIS. 3 
 
 13. The Authorized Version. — The Bible now in 
 use was translated into English by forty-seven persons 
 eminent far their piety and learning, by order of James I, 
 They began their task in a. d. 1607, and completed it 
 in A. D. 1611. This is called the 'Authorized English 
 Version* 
 
 14. When the Holy Scriptures were first divided 
 into Chapters, and Verses, is not known : the Chapters 
 are thought to have been introduced about a. d. 1240. 
 Verses are said to have been introduced in a. d. 1445, 
 but the first English Version of the New Testament with 
 Verses appeared in A. D. 1557. 
 
 1. A. M. 4004 B. C. 
 
 15. The Book of Genesis is the first of the 
 Books of Moses, and also in the Bible, and takes its 
 name from a Greek word, signifying a birth: and 
 is the Book describing ^' the birth, or production " 
 of all things. It comprises a period of about 2369 
 years. 
 
 16. The principal events recorded in it are the 
 Creation ; the original state, and the fall of man ; 
 the history of Adam, and his descendants ; the 
 deluge : the re-peopling of the earth ; the building 
 of Babel ; and the lives of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, 
 and Joseph. 
 
 17. The Creation. — The world was created by 
 the word of God, 4004 years before the birth of 
 Christ. 
 
 13. When was the present Authorized Version com- 
 pleted ? 14. When was the Eible first divided into 
 Chapters, and Verses? 15. What is the Book of 
 Genesis ? and whence is its name ? What period of 
 time does its history embrace ? 16. What are the 
 principal events recorded in Genesis? 17. How many 
 years was the Creation before the birth of Christ ?
 
 4 GXJNESIS. [Gen.ii. 
 
 18. 'In the heginning,^ in so far as relates to 
 this world, 'God created the heavens and the earth,' 
 out of nothing ; (Hcb. xi. 3. ) And, it is said, the 
 Sinrit of God for this great purpose ' moved upon 
 the face of the waters. ' 
 
 19. The Creation occupied six days ; on the 
 First day was created Light. Ge7i. i. 1 — 5. 
 Second day, the firmament or Air. 6 — 8. 
 Third day, the earth or dry Land was separated 
 
 from the Sea ; and Herbs and Trees were 
 made. 9—13. 
 Fourth day, the Sun, Moon, and Stars. 34— 19. 
 Fifth day, Fishes, and Birds. 20—23. 
 Sixth day. Animals, and Man. 24 — 31. 
 On the Seventh, God rested, and sanctified it. — ii. 2. 
 ^20. Plurality of Persons. — At the creation of man, 
 *God said, Let ^ls make man in our image after our 
 Mikene.ss.' These expressions, 'us' and 'our,' teach us 
 that there are more persons than one ; that is, a plurality 
 of persons in the Godhead : yet, there is but o)ie God. — • 
 (Deut. vi. 4.) 
 
 21. The Blessing. — 'So God created Man, male 
 and female ; and God hhssed them saying ; Be fruitful, 
 and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it, 
 and have dominion over every living thing that moveth 
 upon the earth; and God gave them every herb, and 
 every tree for meat.' Gen, i. 27. 30. 
 
 22. The work of Creation ended, God rested on 
 the seventh day ; and sanctified it as a Sabbath of 
 holy rest. Gen. ii. 1 — 3. 
 
 23. Adam and Eve. — 'And God formed man of 
 'the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the 
 ' breath of life, and man became a living soul. And God 
 
 18. Describe the work of the Creation. 19. Specify 
 the work of each day. 20. In whose likcnsss and 
 image was man made? How is it that a plurality of 
 persons is said to have been engaged in the Creation of 
 the world. 21. What blessing did God pronounce on 
 man immediately after his creation? What was their 
 Food? 22. What did God do on the seventh day ? 
 23. Of what was man made ?
 
 B. c. 4004.] GENESIS. 5 
 
 * planted a Garden eastward in Eden •/ which had two im- 
 portant trees in the midst ; the ' Tree of the knowledge of 
 ' Good and Evil,' and the ' Tree of Life;' and this Garden 
 was watered by fonr rivers. — 1- 
 
 24. Adam was placed * in the Garden of Eden 
 to dress it, and keep it ; ' and was allowed the free 
 nse of every thing around him, wdth the exception 
 of one tree, ' tJie Tree of Knowledge of Good and 
 Evil ' — of the fruit of which, if he should eat, he 
 should surely die. Gen. ii. 7 — 17. 
 
 25. Adam now gave names to all living crea- 
 tures : but being without a suitable companion, 
 and as it was not fit that he should be alone, ' God 
 
 * caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam,^ and then 
 took from him a rib, and ' closed up the flesh 
 
 * instead thereof,' and formed it into a Woman, 
 whom He presented to him as his wife or helpmate. 
 
 * Adam called his wife's name Eve, because she waa 
 
 * the mother of all living. ' Gen. iii. 20. 
 
 26. Sabbath and Marriage. — In the time of the 
 innocence of our first parents were instituted, as 
 we have seen, the Sabbath and Marriage: the 
 former was necessary for man to bring continually 
 to his mind his relation to God : and is a ' type 
 
 * of the rest we shall have when we have done our 
 
 * work faithfully. ' And Marriage having been thu3 
 instituted, is considered a religious contract. Matt. 
 xix. 6 ; E2Jh. v. 31, 32. ^-^^ 
 
 27. The Fall — The happiness of Adam and Eve 
 was soon interrupted by the subtlety of Satan, 
 who, under the disguise of a Serpent, tempted Eve 
 to eat of the forbidden fruit ; telling her that by so 
 doing they would become as gods, and not die ; 
 
 24. Where was Adam placed ? What was his employ- 
 ment? and what privileges were allowed him ? 25. How 
 did God provide man with a suitable companion ? 26. 
 What two ordinances were instituted by God in the time 
 of man's innocence? 27. How was the happiness of 
 Adam and Eve interrupted ? 
 
 A2
 
 P GUNi:SIS. [Gen. iii. 
 
 Eve yielded, and prevailed also upon lier husband 
 to transgress. Immediately shame overwhelmed 
 them both ; and they in vain endeavoured to hide 
 themselves from the all-seeing God. Sin and 
 misery then entered into the world, {Gen. iii. 1 — 8.) ; 
 and pain, sickness, want, and death. 
 
 28. The Curse. — In punishment God said to the 
 Serpent; — ' Because thou hast done this, thou art cursed 
 
 * above all cattle, and above every beast of the field ; upon 
 ' thy belly shalt thou go, and dust shalt thou eat all the 
 'days of thy life.' — Gen. iii. 14. 
 
 29. God said unto the Woman, — *I will greatly 
 ' multiply thy sorrow and thy conception : in sorrow thou 
 ' shalt bring forth children ; and thy desire shall be to thy 
 
 * husband, and he shall rule over thee.'— Gen. iii. 10. 
 
 30. God said to Adam : — ' Cursed is the ground 
 
 * for thy sake, in sorrow shalt thou eat of it all the days 
 ' of thy life. Thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth 
 
 * to thee, and thou shalt eat of the herb of the field. In 
 *the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread till thou 
 'return unto the ground.'— G^ew. iii. 17—19. 
 
 31. Expelled. — God now sent Adam and Eve 
 forth from Paradise ' lest he put forth his hand, and take 
 'also of the Tree of Life, and eat, and live for ever; and 
 
 * the Almighty placed at the east of the Garden of Eden 
 ' Cheruhims and a flaming sword, to keep the way of the 
 'Tree of Life.'— G'ew. iii. 22—24. 
 
 32. Clothed. — After they were expelled from 
 Paradise, ' Unto Adam, and to his wife did the 
 ' Lord God make coats of skins, and clothed them.' 
 They were doubtlessly the skins of the beasts that 
 were slain and offered up in sacrifice before tho 
 Cherubim. 
 
 33. The Promise. — But in His abundant mercy, 
 the Almighty gave intimation of the future re- 
 demjjtion of mankind by proclaiming also to the 
 
 28. What punishment did God denounce upon tho 
 Serpent? 2<). Upon the Woman ? 30. Upon Adam ? 
 
 31. Why did God send Adam and Eve from Paradise ? 
 
 32. How were our first i)arcnts clothed after the fall ? 
 
 33. What intimation did God give of the future redemp- 
 tion of mankind.'
 
 B. C. 4004.] GEXESIS. 7 
 
 Serpent: — ' I mil put enmity hettoeeti thee and the looman, 
 ' and between thy seed and her seed : it shall bruise thy 
 
 * head, and thou shall brtdse his heel^ — Geyi. iii. 15. V 
 
 34. The Prophecy. — The jird projjliecy mentioned 
 in Scripture was this momentous Promise of a 
 Bedeemer : ' that the Seed of the Woman should 
 
 * bruise the Serpent's head.' — How it has been ful- 
 filled, we read in Gal. iv. 4. 'When the fulness of 
 ' time was come, God sent forth His Son, made of 
 ' a woman. ' 
 
 35. By the 'Seed of the Woman,^ is meant the 
 Lord Jesus Clirist, the Son of God, born of a 
 Virgin : and by ' bruising tJie Serpenfs head,' is 
 implied, that Christ would destroy the works and 
 power of the Devil and thereby save mankind from 
 sin, and death. 
 
 36. Type. — Adam was a type of Christ ; for 
 by the first Adam sin came into the world, and by 
 the second Adam came righteousness. — Rom. v. 
 14 ; 1 Cor. XV. 21, 22. 45—47. 
 
 37. Eden. — The garden of Eden is generally 
 believed to have been in Armenia, near the sources 
 of the Tigris, and the Euphrates, rivers. It was 
 watered by the four rivers, the Tigiis, the Euphrates, 
 the Pison, and the Gihon. These are by some 
 considered to be branches of one great stream. But 
 the whole earth was watered by a mist; for there 
 was probably no rain before the Flood. 
 
 38. After the Fall only three of the descendants 
 of Adam and Eve are mentioned in Scripture ; viz. 
 Cain, ' a tiller of the ground ; ' Abel^ 'a keeper of 
 sheep ; ' and Seth. Hm», . 
 
 39. Cain, the eldest, was. the first to introduce 
 death into the world by murdering his brother Abel. 
 
 34. Is this the first prophecy mentioned in Scripture ? 
 How is it fulfilled ? 35. How is it to be explained ? 
 36. How is Adam a type of Christ ? 37. AVhere was 
 the Garden of Eden ? How is it probable the earth was 
 watered before the flood ? 38. Who were the children 
 of Adam ? / 39. What can you say of Cain ? and of the 
 death of Abel ?
 
 8 GI:NI:SIS. [Gen. iv. 
 
 It appears that tliey had both brought offerings 
 unto the Lord ; Cain^ of the fruits of the ground, 
 and Abel of the firstlings of his flock : Abel's 
 ofiering was accompanied by faith and sacrifice, and 
 therefore was accepted by God. This provoked the 
 jealous anger of Cain, who ' rose up against Abel 
 his brother, and slew him.' — Gen. iv. 8. 
 
 40. The Almighty in wrath then denounced a 
 curse upon Cahi saying : — ' When thou tillest the ground, 
 
 * it shall not henceforth yield unto thee her strength; a 
 
 * fugitive and a vagabond shalt thou be in the earth.' To 
 prevent however his meeting with an untimely end, the 
 Lord set a mark upon Cain, lest any finding him should 
 kill him. Gen. iv. 12. 
 
 41. Cain's posterity. — Cain having married, re- 
 tired to the land of Nod, and had many descend- 
 ants, who were famous for their inventions in the 
 arts, and for their manufactures : the name of his 
 son Enoch gave name to the first city that was 
 built. Laniech was the first to transgress the 
 divine institution of matrimony by taking two 
 wives, Adah and Zillah : by Adah he had Jabal, 
 and Juhal : and by Zillah Tuhal-Cain ; and a 
 daughter Naamah. Jabal was celebrated for tent- 
 making, and grazing flocks {Gen. iv. 20.). Juhal 
 was the inventor of musical instruments {ib. 21.). 
 Tuhal-Cain discovered the art of melting metals, 
 and making instruments of brass and iron. But 
 these all neglected the worship of God, indulged L^ 
 in every sin, and the earth was filled witli violence. ^ 
 
 42. Seth, and his descendants, abode near Eden, 
 and for many generations preserved the knowledge 
 of the true God : they were distinguished as the 
 
 * Sons of God, ' in centra-distinction to the posterity 
 
 40. AVliat was the curse on Cain ? 41. Who were 
 his children ? who was celebrated for tent-making? 
 grazing ? who invented musical instruments ? Who 
 discovered the art of melting and working metals ? 
 42. Why do the Scriptures speak only of the descend- 
 ants of Seth ?
 
 B. c. 3017.] GENIJSIS. 9 
 
 of Cain-, who were called the wicked ' So7is of Men. ' 
 Placing the posterity of Cain aside, the Scriptures 
 proceed solely with the history of the descendants 
 of Seth, as being the chosen instruments for main- 
 taining the knowledge of God, and eventually 
 giving birth to the promised Messiah, 
 
 43. Seth's posterity. — Of the posterity of Seth^ 
 only eight names occur in Scripture ; viz. — Enos, 
 Cainan, Mahalaleel, Jared, Enoch, Methuselah, La- 
 mech, and Noah : of these, the most important are 
 the last four. Enoch, and Lamech were like names 
 with two of the posterity of Cain. 
 
 44. Enoch, the son of Jared, was a man who so 
 walked with God, and pleased Him, that when 
 365 years of age he was taken up to heaven with- 
 out dying, b. c. 3017. Thus proving a future state, 
 and the immortality of the soul. Enoch left many 
 children ; among whom was Methuselah. "T' 
 
 45. Methuselah, the son of Enoch, is noted for 
 his great age, attaining to 969 years, which is the 
 oldest age recorded. Lamech, his son, was the father 
 of Noah ; and he predicted the blessing that was 
 about to come on the earth in the days of his son : 
 he died, aged 777 years. 
 
 46. Noah, was the tenth patriarch before the 
 flood, and was born when his father Lamech was 
 in his 182nd year, b. c. 2984. a. m. 1056. 
 
 47. It was now ' that God saw that the wicked- 
 •ness of man was great in the earth, and that every 
 
 * imagination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil 
 'continually The earth also was corrupt before God, 
 
 * and the earth was filled with violence.' To prove the 
 certain punishment of sin, and maintain the justice 
 
 43. "Who descended from Seth ? 44. What is f^aid 
 of Enoch in the Old Testament ? Who was his father ? 
 What was his end, and his age ? | 45. For what is Me- 
 thuselah noted ? and Lamech ? 4r>. AYhen was Noah 
 born ? Of whom was Noah the son ? From which of 
 Adam's sons was Noah descended ? 47. Give some 
 account of the then condition of mankind.
 
 10 OUN^SIS. [Gen. viii. 
 
 of God, the Almighty determined to destroy man, 
 and all created beings upon the earth. But ' Noah 
 
 * was a jnst man, perfect in his generation, and 
 
 * walked with God.' The Almighty therefore com- 
 manded him to build an Ark to save himself and 
 family from the coming Deluge. — Gen. vi. '**" 
 
 48. The Ark was of gopher wood, pitched within 
 and without ; about 550/^. long; 90 ft. wide; 50 ft. high, 
 and had three floors or stories. 
 
 49. Noah was 120 years in building the Arkj 
 during which he continued to preach to mankind 'repent- 
 ance,' in the hope of their averting the Divine judgment; 
 but it was in vain. At last by command of God, and with 
 but 7 days notice, Noah entered the Ark with his wife, 
 and his three sons, Sh-ern, Ham, and Japheth, with their 
 wives ; and likewise two, male and female, of every species 
 of animals ; but of clean animals by * sevens ;' and the 
 Lord shut him in. The clean animals were those fitted 
 for sacrifice, and for food. 
 
 50. The Deluge. — It rained incessantly for forty 
 days and forty nights, till the waters had risen above the 
 highest mountains ; and every living substance was de- 
 stroyed, excepting Noah, and those with him in the Ark. 
 Noah was now 600 years old. 
 
 61. After 'the waters had prevailed upon the 
 earth 150 days,' they began to abate (Gen. vii.) ; 
 and the ark rested on Mount Ararat, in Armenia, 
 between the Black and Caspian seas, near the orig- 
 inal Paradise; (Gen. viii. 4.) here it remained 
 almost three months before the tops of the moun- 
 tains appeared : after 40 days more a raven and a 
 dove were sent foi-th ; the former was not seen 
 again ; but the dove finding no resting place, came 
 back : after the lapse of a week, the dove was 
 desi^atched again, and returned with an olive leaf 
 
 48. What were the dimensions of the ark ? 49. How 
 long was Noah building the ark ? What did he during 
 this period? Who, and what were saved with him in the 
 ark ? Who were Noah's three sons ? 50. How long 
 did it rain ? 51. How long did the waters continue ou 
 the earth? On what mountain did the ark rest? lu 
 what part of the globe is Ararat situated ?
 
 4- 
 
 B.C.2348.] GENESIS. II 
 
 it had plucked ; after another week, the dove was 
 once more sent forth, but never returned. 
 
 52. Noah, and all with him, at the command of 
 God, now left the Ark, having been in it about 
 one year and seventeen days ; and immediately he 
 offered up a sacrifice unto the Lord for their deliver- 
 ance. 
 
 53. After this proof of faith, God promised, — 
 
 * I will not again curse the ground any more for man's 
 
 *sake While the earth remaineth, seed time and har- 
 
 *vest, and cold and heat, and summer and winter, and 
 *day and night, shall not cease.' God also blessed Noah, 
 and his sons, saying— 'Be fruitful and multiply, and 
 
 * replenish the earth : and the fear of you shall be upon 
 
 * every living creature : every moving thing that liveth 
 
 * shall be meat for you ; but the flesh with the blood 
 
 * thereof, which is the life thereof, shall ye not eat.' — 
 Gen. ix. 1—7. 
 
 54. God then gave a command for the prevention 
 of murder ; saying : — 'Whoso sheddeth man's blood, 
 
 * by man shall his blood be shed j for in the image 
 
 * of God made He man.' 
 
 55. God having promised that he would bring 
 no more a Deluge over the earth, He gave in token 
 thereof to Noah the sign of the Rainbow. 'Neither 
 
 * shall there any more be a flood to destroy the earth 
 
 *and I do set my botv in the cloud, and it shall be for 
 
 * a token of a covenant between me and the earth.' ( Gen. 
 ix.). The Deluge occurred b. C. 2348. 
 
 56. Noah was a husbandman, and the first who 
 planted a vineyard, invented wine presses, and 
 made wine ; He once happened to drink so freely 
 
 52. How long were they in the ark? 53, What 
 blessing and promise, did God make to Noah after the 
 flood ? When was man permitted to eat flesh, and with 
 what restriction ? 54. When, aud what was the first 
 command given for the prevention of murder ? 55. By 
 what token was God's promise confirmed? What is the 
 date of the Deluge ? / 56. Of what was Noah the first 
 planter, and inventor ? How was Noah treated by his 
 sons when intoxicated ?
 
 12 GI:N^SIS. [Gen.ix. 
 
 as to become intoxicated : his son Ham, the father 
 of Canaan, treated him with indignity ; but Shem 
 and Japlieth moved with filial regard protected 
 their father from their brother's mockery. 
 
 57. Noah's prophecy. — When Noah awoke to con- 
 sciousness, in punishment of Ham he pronounced 
 the doom of slavery upon Canaan and his posterity; 
 but his two other sons he blessed. 
 
 Of Cayman he said, ' Cursed be Canaan, a servant of 
 
 * servants shall he be unto his brethren.' Oen. ix. 25. 
 
 Of Shem, ' Blessed be the Lord God of Shem ; and 
 
 * Canaan shall be his servant.' — 26. 
 
 Of Japheth, ' God shall enlarge Japheth, and he shall 
 
 * dwell in the tents of Shem ; and Canaan shall be his 
 
 * servant.'— 27. 
 
 58. The fulfilment — B'am's posterity, the Egyp- 
 tians were afflicted with various plagues, and the land of 
 Canaan eight hundred years afterwards was delivered by- 
 God into the hands of the Israelites under Joshua ; and 
 their present condition in Africa we know. 
 
 Japheth possessed all the isles, and countries westward ; 
 his descendants, the Greeks and Romans, subdued Asia 
 and Africa, which were originally the dwelling places of 
 Shem, and of Canaan. 
 
 From Shem sprung the Messiah; and the worship 
 of the true God was preserved among his posterity, the 
 Jews. 
 
 59. Noah lived 350 years after the Deluge ; and 
 died at the age of 950, and nothing further of 
 his history is recorded in Scripture. Noali's Ark 
 is a type or fiijiire of our salvation by Jesus Christ. 
 Christ is our only Ark, the only means of our 
 Salvation ; and if we can but enter in, we shall be 
 safe ; like Noah also, Christ was a ' preacher of 
 righteousness.' -[ — 
 
 GO. Confusion of Tongues. — Noah left only 
 three sons, iShem, Ham, and Japheth, with their 
 
 57. Quot« the prophecy Noah uttered respecting the 
 fortunes of his sons. What was the curse upon Canaan ? 
 58. Shew the fuKilnicnt; and say from which of Noah's 
 sons came Christ ? and the Jews ? 69. How long did Noah 
 live ? Of what is Noah's Ark a type or figure?/ 60. Who
 
 B.C. 1921.] GUNFSIS. 13 
 
 wives ; and they and their children were all ' of 
 one speech.' They removed from Armenia to the 
 land of Shinar, near the Euphrates, with the view 
 of separating as God had designed ; but instead 
 of this, under the influence of Nimrod, the son of 
 Cush, and grandson of Ham, they built the tower 
 of Babel, 'whose top might reach to heaven,' so 
 that they should not be scattered. It may have 
 been also for purposes of idolatry, or that they 
 might not be drowned again. Gen. xi. 
 
 61. But God confounded the language of those 
 who were engaged in it : and ' scattered them abroad 
 * from thence upon the face of all the earth; therefore is 
 *the name of it called Bahel.' The word Babel means 
 confusion; this 'Confusion of Tongues' happened 2234. 
 B. c. Near Babel arose afterwards the city of Babylon. 
 
 62. Japheth, the eldest son of Noah, and his 
 posterity, inhabited Europe, the north of Asia, Asia 
 Minor, and America; Shem, central Asia; Ham, the 
 youngest, Africa, and certain parts of Asia. 
 
 63. From Shem sprang Heber or Eber, whence 
 came the name of Hehreivs. From Heber came 
 Peleg, and Joktan the father of Jobab, the Job 
 of Scripture, 
 
 64. Fifth in descent from Heber, and ninth from 
 Shem, came Terah the father of Nahor, Haran, and 
 Abram: they dwelt in Ur of Chaldsea the birthplace 
 of Abram, who was bom two years after the death 
 of Noah, in 1996. b. c, Haran died at Ur, and left 
 one son. Lot, and two daughters, Milcah, the wife 
 of Nahor, and Sarai, the wife of Abram. ^V 
 
 65. Call of Abram.— Z7r of Chald^a was the 
 country whence Abram was called by God : — ' The 
 
 were the sons of Noah? why did they not separate? 
 61. What happened at the building of the Tower of 
 Babel? 62. What countries were occupied by the sons 
 of Noah? 63. Who were the descendants of Shem? 
 
 64. Who sprung from Heber? when and where was 
 Abram born? AVho were the descendants of Haran ?X 
 
 65. How was Abram called? when? What did God 
 promise to Abram? 
 
 B
 
 14 GUNUSIS. [Gen. xii. 
 
 * Lord said unto Abram, get thee out of thy country, and 
 ' from thy kindred, and from thy father's house, unto a 
 
 Mand that I will sliow thee, and in thee shall all the 
 
 'families of the earth be blessed.'— G^ew. xii. 1—4. This 
 departure happened 1921. b, c. 
 
 66. Abram, at the age of 75, departed by Divine 
 direction into the land of Canaan, with Sarai his 
 wife, Lot his nephew, and all their substance. 
 From Ur they went first to Haran (Charran), where 
 Terah, Abram's father, died ; thence towards 
 Bethel, where God renewed His promises, adding ; 
 — unto 'thy seed will I give this land,' In his 
 journeyings he maintained the public worship of 
 the one true God : at length a famine compelled 
 him to retire with his family into Egypt. 
 
 67. Abram, and Lot. — At the command of Pharaoh, 
 the Egyptian king, they eventually returned again 
 to Canaan, having acquired a considerable increase 
 of their sul3stance ; but the servants of Abram, and 
 Lot, quarrelling among themselves for the most 
 eligible pasturage, the two patriarchs thought it 
 best to separate. Lot journeyed to the east, and 
 dwelt in Sodom ; Abram remained in Canaan, and 
 lived at Mamre near Hebron, b. c. 1920. ; when 
 God renewed His promises. 
 
 68. Lot rescued.— About 8 years after this separa- 
 tion. Lot and his family, with the inhabitants of 
 Sodom, and the other cities in the plain, were carried 
 away captive in an attack made by the confederate 
 kings, headed by Chedorlaomer, kings of Elam. 
 Abram, hearing of the disaster, immediately armed 
 his servants, 318 in number, and went in pursuit ; 
 he rescued Lot, and the other captives ; and re- 
 gained possession of their plunder, y- 
 
 66. "Whither did Abram go? and by whom was he 
 accommnied ? What was Abram's relationship to Lot? 
 67. What happened to Abram, and Lot, on their return 
 from Egypt ? 68. What calamity befel Lot when at 
 Sodom ? and what did Abram on this occasion?
 
 B. C. I9I2.] GJENJESIJS. 15 
 
 . 69. Melchizedek.— As Abram was returning, he 
 was met by Melchizedek king of Salem (Jerusalem), 
 the priest of the Most High God, who brought him 
 bread and wine, and for his noble conduct pro- 
 nounced a blessing upon him. Abram, being de- 
 sirous of acknowledging Melchizedek as priest of the 
 Lord, and paying him due honour, ' ' gave him tithes 
 of all,'' i. e. a tenth part of the spoils. Gen, xiv. 
 18—20. 
 
 70. Who this Melchizedek was it not known ; all 
 that Scripture tell us is, that he was king of Salem, 
 and priest of the Most High God, and that he lived 
 at the same time with Abram. Nothing is said of 
 his father, or mother, or of his ancestors, or of 
 his birth, or death. 
 
 71. Type. — St Paul declared Melchizedek to be a 
 type ov figure of Jesus Christ, our Saviour, who is a 
 
 * priest for ever according to the order of Melchi- 
 zedek ; ' and not according to the order of Aaron, 
 whose origin, consecration, life, and death are 
 known. Beh. v. 6 ; vi. 20 ; vii. 17—21. 
 
 72. Tlie Affliction. — Abram being still childless, 
 looked on his steward, JEliezer of Damascus, as his heir, 
 yet God promised to Abram a numerous posterity ; 'as 
 
 * the stars, so shall thy seed be.' Shortly after, when Abram 
 was in a deep sleep, God, to try his faith, foretold the 
 affliction of his posterity 400 years, and their subsequent 
 possession of the promised Land. Qen. xv. 5. 13, 14. — - 
 
 73. This affliction was partly in Canaan, and 
 partly in Egypt, neighbouring countries, and both 
 inhabited by the descendants of Ham. It began 
 
 69. Who met Abram on his return, and blessed him? 
 What honour did Abram pay Melchizedek? Where is 
 the first mention of tithes in Scripture? 70, What 
 account is given us of Melchizedek ? and with whom was 
 he contemporary? 71. How does St Paul consider 
 him a figure of Jesus Christ? 72. What posterity 
 was promised to Abram ; and what affliction was foretold 
 to his posterity ? 73. Where was this affliction?
 
 1 6 GUJS'SSIS. [Gen.xvi 
 
 with the birth of Isaac, and ended at the deliver- 
 ance from Egyptian bondage. Exod. xii. 40 ; Gal. 
 iii. 17. 
 
 74. Ishmael born. — Abram, still having no child- 
 ren, he took, according to a Chaldean custom, 
 Hagar, the handmaid of Sarai, and had a son called 
 Ishinael: Abram was then 86 years old, 1910. b. c. 
 2094. A. M. Gen. xvi. 
 
 75. Promises renewed. — A few years after, when 
 Abram was 99 years of age, and Ishmael 13 years, 
 God renewed His promises to Abram ; viz. ^ 
 
 1. That he should have a son hy Sarai his wife. 
 
 2. That his offspring should be numerous as the 
 
 stars, and possess the land of Canaan. 
 
 3. That in his seed should all the nations of the 
 
 earth he Messed. — Gen. xvii. 
 
 76. These were fulfilled, (1) in the birth of Isaac. 
 Gen. xxi. 2. — (2) in the possession of Canaan by the 
 Israelites under Joshua, David, and Solomon ; and in his 
 having a numerous seed, literally, in the number of 
 Israelites, Ishmaelites, and Edomites; but spiritually, in 
 the believers of all nations, {Acts iii. 25 ; Rom. iv. 12 — 17). 
 —(3) in the birth of the Messiah. Matt. i. 1. 
 
 77. Abram while believing in the child of 
 promise, and that ' in him and in his seed all the families 
 ' of the earth should be blessed,' looked also to the coming 
 of the Messiah, [John viii. 56; Gal. iii. 8. IG.); and this 
 faith ' was imputed to him for righteousness.' {Rom. iv. 
 22.). Hence he was called the ' Father of the faithful^ 
 ( Gal. iii. 7.), and the ' Friend of God ; ' James ii. 23. 
 
 78. Circumcision. — God next instituted the rite 
 of circnmcisioii, as a sign of the covenant between 
 Himself, and tlie seed of Abram. He commanded 
 
 74. Who was Abram's first son? of whom was he 
 born ? and how old was Abram at the birth of Ishmael? 
 75. What wore the three principal ])romises which God 
 made to Abram .^ and when were they renewed? 76. 
 How was o;ich fulfilled? 77. Did Abram believe in 
 Jesus Christ? What peculiar apiiellations did Abram 
 receive? 78. AV hat sign of a covenant did God insti- 
 tute between Himself and Abram ?
 
 B.C. 1897.] GUNIJSIS. 17 
 
 that on the eighth clay every male-child should be 
 circumcised ; and to this day, all Jews observe this 
 rite. 
 
 79. Names changed. — At this time also, on God 
 renewing His promise with him of a numerous posterity, 
 Abram's name was changed to Abraham .- the former of 
 which means a " high fatlier;" and tiie letter, Abraham, 
 "a father of a great muhitude." His wife's name, Sarai, 
 * my princess,' was also changed to Sarah ' the princess.' 
 Gen. xvii. 5. 15. 
 
 80. Divine Visit. — Shortly after, Abraham had 
 a remarkable visitation ; three Angels in human form 
 came to him as he sat at the door of his tent; and after 
 he had entertained them, one assumed the Divine charac- 
 ter, and renewed to Abraham and Sarah the promise of 
 a son: but at this prediction Sarah could not forbear 
 laughing : the other two Angels now went on to Sodom, 
 while this one remained, and informed Abraham of his 
 design to destroy Sodom on account of its wickedness. 
 The patriarch pleaded for the city ; and had their been 
 found ffty, nay, but ten righteous men in it, it would 
 have been saved. Gen. xviu. 
 
 81. Sodom and Gomorrah. — Lot had returned to 
 Sodom, but the great iniquity of that city, and of 
 Gomorrah, now brought down fire from heaven, 
 which destroyed them. b. c, 1897. Lot with his 
 family, however, escaped the destruction : for the 
 two Angels sent by the Almighty, led Lot, his wife, 
 and two daughters, out of the city ; Lot's sons-in- 
 law refused to leave, and even his wife could not 
 refrain from looking back on the burning cities with 
 regret at quitting them, whence she was struck 
 dead, and turned into a pillar of salt. Gen. xix. 26. 
 Lot retired with his two daughters to a cave near 
 Zoar, and soon after had two sons, Moah and Ben- 
 Ammi, who became the fathers of the Moabites, and 
 the Ammonites, great enemies of God's people. 
 
 79. When were Abram's and Sarai's names changed.' 
 Explain their meaning. 80. What three persons visited 
 Abraham? what was threatened? 81. What was the 
 fate of Sodom? and of Lot's family? Who were the 
 Moabites, and Ammonites ? 
 
 B2
 
 1 8 GENESIS. [Gen. xviii. 
 
 82, The Dead Sea, — Sodom, and Gomorrah, Admah, 
 and Zeboim, the four cities, destroyed by fire from 
 heaven (1897- b. c, 2107. a. m,) stood in the Plain 
 of Siddim, which was a pleasant and fertile country, 
 but full of bitumenous 'slime pits' (Gen. xiv, 10.), 
 so that it readily caught fire ; and when consumed, 
 the land was depressed, and became a receptable 
 for the waters overflowing the Jordan, and formed, 
 w^hat is now called the 'Dead Sea.' From its 
 mixture with the sulphur and bitumen of the soil 
 it acquired the name of the ' Lacus Asphaltites.' 
 
 83, At Gerar, — Soon after the destruction of 
 Sodom, Abraham removed six miles southward to 
 Gerar, Ahi7nelech, king of Gerar, made a covenant 
 with him at Beersheba, and permitted him to pas- 
 ture his flocks, and 'to dig a well,' 
 
 84, Isaac born, — At the appointed time, when 
 Abraham was 100 years old, Sarah gave birth to a 
 son, called Isaac, the child of promise, 180G, b. c. 
 2108, A, M. He was so named because when the 
 Angel promised Sarah she should become a mother 
 in her old age, she privately lamjhed at the predic- 
 tion ; wlience Isaac, (laughter, joy). Gen. xviii, 13 ; 
 xxi. 6, As Isaac grew up, he became exposed to 
 the mockery of Tshmael ; till the latter, with his 
 mother Hagar were at the command of God ex- 
 pelled from the house of Abraham. 
 
 85, Hagar was an Egyptian servant of Sarah's ; 
 but when her mistress became ' despised in her ej'es,' she 
 incurred such severe treatment, that she fled into the 
 wilderness. Here an angel of the Lord found her, and 
 commanded her to return, adding this promise : — ' I will 
 * multiply thy seed exceedingly, that it shall not be num- 
 
 82. "When did the destruction of Sodom, and Gomor- 
 rah take place? what occu])ics the sights of those cities at 
 the present day? 83. Whither did Abraham next 
 proceed? 84. When was Isaac born? who was the 
 child of promise? and why were Ilagar, and Ishmael 
 ca"<t out? 85. What became of Hagar, and Ishmael, 
 What did God foretel to llagar respecting Ishmael?
 
 B.C. 1871.] o:enesis. 19 
 
 *bered for multitude.— Behold thou shalt bear a son, 
 ' and shalt call his name Ishmael {heard of God) ; 
 
 • because the Lord hath heard thy affliction ; and he will 
 *be a wild man, his hand will be against every man and 
 
 * every man's hand against him/ Gen. xvi. 10—13. Hagar 
 obeyed, and soon after begat Ishmael unto Abraham. 
 1910. B. c. 
 
 86. Hagar expelled. — On the birth of Isaac 
 however, Abraham expelled Hagar, and her son Ishmael 
 from the house ; and they wandered into the wilderness 
 of Beersheba. {Gen. xxi.) They were reduced to the 
 greatest distress, when a voice from heaven cried out 
 — 'Fear not! for God hath heard the voice of the lad;' 
 and the means of support were pointed out to them. 
 
 87. Ishmael became a great archer, and dwelt 
 in the wilderness of Paran, {Gen. xxi. 21.), He married, 
 and had twelve sons, ( Gen. xxv. 16.), the progenitors or 
 the twelve tribes of Arabians still existing. His posterity 
 are usually mentioned under the name of Arabians, or 
 IshmaeUtes ; so that Ishmael is the great progenitor of the 
 Mahomedan dynasties. Ishmael died in the presence of 
 all his brethren, aged about 137 years. {Gen. xxv. 18.). 
 
 88. Isaac Offered. — Wiien Isaac grew up to 25 
 years of age, God made a severe trial of Abraham's 
 faith, and obedience. He commanded him to take 
 his son Isaac, and offer him for a burnt offering on 
 Mount Muriah. Gen. xxii. 2. 
 
 89. Mount Moriah is the same as that whereon 
 stood the threshing-floor of Araunah, in the time of 
 David ; also that on which the Temple of Solomon 
 was afterwards built ; and it is included in the 
 same range as the mount on which Christ was 
 crucified. 
 
 90. Abraham, in opposition to his parental feel- 
 ings, as well as apparent interest, did as God com- 
 manded : he set out on his joiu-ney with his son 
 Isaac, two servants, and the wood for the burnt- 
 
 86. What remarkable deliverance was vouchsafed 
 unto them? 87- Who are Ishmael's posterity? 88. 
 What trial did God make of Abraham's faith and obe- 
 dience? 89. In what place was Abraham commanded 
 to slay his son ? 90. Eelate the circumstance.
 
 20 GI:NI:SIS. [Gen. xxu. 
 
 offering. After three days lie reached the Mount, 
 and ascended with his son, and the wood, leaving 
 the servants at the foot of the hill. While proceed- 
 ing, Isaac said — 'My father, behold the fire, and 
 
 * the wood ; but where is the lamb for a burnt 
 
 * offering ? ' Gen. xxii. 7. Abraham under a pro- 
 phetic impulse, replied — ' My son,' ' God will provide 
 'himself a lamb for a burnt- offering.' Gen. xxii. 8. 
 
 91. On arriving at the appointed spot Abraham 
 built an altar, placed the wood in order, bound his 
 son Isaac, and laid him on the wood on the altar ; 
 and while in the act of slaying him, an Angel stayed 
 his hand, and pointed to a ram caught in a thicket, 
 ■which was offered and accepted as a substitute for 
 Isaac. This act of faith brought a repetition of 
 God's promises to the patriarch ; and they returned 
 all to Beersheba. 1871. b. c. 2133. a. m. 
 
 92. This transaction is considered typical of the 
 sacrifice of Christ. The birth of Isaac was miraculous, as 
 was that of Christ : he disputed not his father's will 
 though it cost him his life. Isaac and Jesus were both 
 obedient unto death. Isaac carried the wood on which 
 he was to be sacrificed ; Christ carried the Cross on which 
 He was to be sacrificed: they both proceeded to the 
 same place, Mount Moriah. Isaac laid down his life of 
 himself, and so did Christ. The lamb too that Abraham 
 said 'God would provide,' directs our thoughts to the 
 'Lamb of God;' and the ram that was substituted, points 
 to the temple sacrifices of animals, types of Christ's 
 atonement. 
 
 93. Type. — The word typical, or type, means 
 literally a resemblance ; but in a Scripture sense, a 
 Tyjye may be defined to bo a symbol of something 
 future, and distant ; or an example prepared, and 
 evidently designed by God to j^refiguro that future 
 thing : the thing so prefigured is called the anti- 
 type. 
 
 91. What prevented the sacrifice? What is the date 
 of these transactions? 92. In what particular may 
 Isaac be regarded as a typo of Christ? 93. What is 
 the meaning of a type ? Of an Antitype ?
 
 B.C. 1836.] GENESIS. 21 
 
 94. Machpelah. — In commemoration of that event 
 Abraham called the place Jehovah-jireh, (the Lord 
 will provide. ). Sarah lived to the age of 127 years, 
 and died at Mamre, 1859. b. c. , on which occasion 
 Abraham purchased of Ephron the Hittite, of the 
 tribe of Heth, the cave of Machpelah, as a burying 
 place, ' for 400 shekels of silver, current money with 
 
 * the merchant. ' Gen. xxiii. 6, 
 
 95. Isaac marries. — Soon after this, Isaac, when 
 40 years old, having been prohibited by his father 
 from marrying a Canaanitish woman who might 
 not worship the one true and living God, married 
 Rebekah, daughter of Bethuel the son of Nahor^ 
 Abraham's brother, 1858. b. c. 2146. a. m. which, 
 was effected through the instrumentality of Eliezer, 
 Abraham's steward. 
 
 96. Keturah. — After the death of Sarah, Abra- 
 ham, now 140 years old, married Keturah. He 
 had several children by her (Gen. xxv. 1.), among 
 whom was Midian, father of the Midianites. At 
 length the patriarch Abraham, distinguished for 
 his faith in the promises of God, died, aged 175 
 years, 1818. B. c. ; and was buried in the cave of 
 Machpelah. 
 
 97. Esau, and Jacob. — From Isaac's marriage 
 with Rebekah, sprung twenty years after two sons, 
 Esau and Jacob, who were twins, 1836. b. c. 2168. 
 A. M. Esau ' was a cunning hunter,' and the favour- 
 ite of his father ; Jacob was a shepherd, ' a plain 
 
 * man dwelling in tents,' and was the favourite of 
 his mother. Gen. xxv. 25, 26. 
 
 98. Esau was the first born, and when 40 yeara 
 
 94. At what age, and when did Sarah die? what 
 burying-place did Abraham provide ? 95. Whom did 
 Isaac marry ? when ? 96. Whom did Abraham marry 
 after the death of Sarah? when did he die? AYhat 
 was the distinguishing feature of his character. 97. 
 What children had Isaac by Rebekah ? 98. Who was 
 Isaac's first born ? What is the first-born of the family
 
 22 GUNUSIS. [Gen. xxvii. 
 
 old (1796. B. c.) he married two Canaanitish women 
 named Judith and Adah, mucL to the grief of his 
 parents ; but eventually, in b. c. 1760. he wedded 
 Mahalath the daughter of Ishmael, Being the eldest 
 of the family he was considered both king and priest ^ 
 a governor by God's appointment, as well as by 
 bii-th-right. This high and sacred distmction, how- 
 ever, Esau held in mean estimation ; for, returning 
 from hunting faint with hunger, he sold his birth- 
 right to his brother Jacob for a mess of red pottage 
 made of lentiles. Gen. xxv. 29 — 34. 
 
 99. Promises. — Soon after, a famine in Canaan 
 compelled Isaac to retire from Mamre to Gerar, 
 where he made a covenant with Abimelech, and re- 
 opened the wells dug by Abraham. God now 
 blessed Isaac, and renewed to him the promises 
 made to his father Abraham, and he took up his 
 abode at Beersheba. Gen. xxvi. 
 
 100. Jacob's deception, — Wlien Isaac grew old, 
 Bebekah, impelled by the word of God spoken to 
 her during her conception, saying, ' the elder, (of 
 her offspring) shall serve the younger ; ' and too 
 impatient to wait for the working of God's provi- 
 dence, — by artifice procured for Jacob to the detri- 
 ment of Esau, the blessing of liis father. When 
 Isaac desired JEsau to fetch him venison, and come 
 to receive his blessing before he died, Rebekah 
 induced Jacob to fetch two kids, which she hastily 
 dressed, and urged him to assume his brother's 
 raiment, and * to put the skins of the kids of the 
 * goats up(m his hands, and upon the smooth of 
 ' his neck,' in order to deceive his father ; for Esau 
 was a hairy man, and Jacob a smooth man. She then 
 sent him in to the aged Isaac with the * savoury 
 meat and the bread.' By many falsehoods, Jacob 
 
 considered; and how did Esau esteem this distinction? 
 99. What occurred at Gerar? 100. How, and why, 
 did liebckah obtain Isaac's blessing for Jacob? What
 
 B. C. 1759.J GEKESIS. 23 
 
 ultimately succeeded in deceiving his father, and 
 obtained the patriarchal blessing of plenty, domin- 
 ion, and pre-eminence. Gen. xxvii. 1759. b. c. 
 
 101. Jacob's fLight— Esau on his return discover- 
 ing the conduct of Jacob, with tears entreated the 
 blessing of his father ; the aged patriarch distressed 
 at the lamentations of his first-bom, acceded to 
 his wishes, yet he could not but confirm the bene- 
 diction given to Jacob, and he therefore bestowed 
 on Esau an inferior blessing. Esau then retired in 
 anger, and resolved at the first opportunity to take 
 his brother's life. Rebekah hearing of this threat 
 prevailed on Isaac to send Jacob to her brother, 
 Laban, in Padan-aram in Mesopotamia, 400 miles 
 off, under the pretext of seeking a wife among her 
 own family rather than in the family of Canaan. 
 
 102. Jacob's Ladder. — On his journey to Padan- 
 Aram (or Haran) Jacob, when he arrived at Bethel, 
 (Luz), 40 miles on the road, laid down to sleep 
 with nothing but the stones for his pillow. He 
 here had a vision of angels ascending and descending 
 a ladder reacliing from the earth to heaven, and at 
 the tof) the Lord Jehovah standing ; who proclaimed 
 Himself the God of his fathers, and now established 
 a covenant with Jacob, as He had done previously 
 with Abraham, and Isaac ; saying ' the land where- 
 ' on thou liest to thee will I give it, and to thy seed 
 ' .. .and in thee, and in thy seed shall all the families 
 'of the earth be blessed.' {Gen. xxviii. 13, 14) 
 
 103. Bethel. — Jacob awaking from his vision, 
 struck with religious awe, and conscious of his utter 
 dependence upon Divine providence, ' took the stone that 
 * he had put for his pillow, and set it up for a pillar, and 
 'poured oil upon it; and he called the name of the place 
 ' Bethel ' {Rouse of God). 
 
 deception was practised by Jacob? 101. What resulted 
 from Esau being deceived? whither was Jacob sent? 
 What was the relationship of Laban ? 102. What was 
 Jacob's vision at Bethel on his way to Padan-aram? 
 103. ELow did he act when he awoke out of his sleep ?
 
 24 GENUSIS. [Gen. xxviii. 
 
 104. Jacob's Vow. — He also made a vow, saying, 
 'If God will be with me, and give me bread to eat, and 
 
 * raiment to put on, so that I come to my father's house 
 'in peace;' then, 'shall the Lord be my God; and this 
 
 * stone which I have set up for a pillar shall be God's 
 ' House, and of all that thou shalt give me, I will surely 
 
 * give the tenth unto thee.' ib. 15—22. 
 
 105. Laban's fraud. — Jacob at the close of his 
 journey met Racliel the daughter of his uncle Laban, 
 tending her father's sheep at a well adjoining Harau; 
 making his relationship known to her, he accompanied 
 her home. After a short stay, Jacob becoming attached 
 to Rachel, he proposed to her father Laban to serve him 
 seven years on condition of his uncle giving him his 
 cousin Rachel in marriage at the expiration of that 
 period. The terms were ageeed to, but when the time 
 arrived Laban deceived him ; for covering the bride with 
 a veil he substituted his elder daughter Leah for Rachel. 
 
 106. Marries Rachel. — On the discovery of the 
 fraud, Laban pleaded in excuse the custom of the country, 
 and promised Jacob, if he would serve seven more years, 
 that he should have his favourite Rachel. Jacob con- 
 sented, and the contract was at length fulfilled, and the 
 heautiful Rachel became his wife. The handmaid of 
 Rachel was Bilhah; Leah's handmaid was Zilpah. 
 
 107. Jacob's Sons. — Jacob remained in Padan- 
 aram some time, during which, he had several 
 children : he had twelve sons, who were called the 
 twelve patriarchs^ because they were the fathers of tho 
 twelve tribes of Israel : they were all born in Padan- 
 aram with the exception of Benjamin ; and were — 
 
 By Leah: By Rachel: 
 
 1. Reuben, b. c. 1752. 11. Joseph. 1745. 
 
 2. Simeon. 1751. 12. Benjamin. 1729. 
 
 3. Levi. 1750. By Bilhah: 
 
 4. Judah. 1749. 5. Dan. 1748. 
 
 9. Issachar. 1747. 7. Naphtali. 1747. 
 
 10. Zcbulun. 1710. By Zilpah: 
 
 Dinahy a daughter. fi. Gad. 1718. 
 
 8. Asher. 1747. 
 
 •»• Tlic order of their birth is noted by the fib'ureg. 
 
 104. What was his vow? 105. Whom did Jacob first 
 marry? lOG. How does he obtain Rachel? 107. 
 How many sons had Jacob? Name them ? Which was 
 tho eldest ? Which wore the Children of Rachel ?
 
 B.C. 1739-] GUNIJSIS. 25 
 
 108. Jacob leaves Laban. — WTien Jacob had been 
 with his uncle 14 years, he contemplated returning to the 
 home of his fathers. Lahan, however, finding how God 
 had x)rospered him during Jacob's sojourn, persuaded 
 him to remain a few years longer, by promising him as a 
 remuneration all the cattle bearing particular marks; 
 such as the speckled and the ring-streaked. Jacob by his 
 ingenuity became in 6 years possessed of immense flocks, 
 (Gen. XXX. 43.) : this incurred the jealousy of Laban and 
 his sons, who charged him with dishonesty, and he there- 
 fore determined to make a hasty leave; a step to which 
 he was also prom])ted by the Almighty. He accordingly 
 seized an opportunity afforded by his uncle's absence at 
 the sheep-shearing to quit Padan-aram privately with 
 his family and possessions, after having been witli his 
 uncle 20 years, b. c. 1739. 
 
 109. Laban pursues — Lahan on his return hear- 
 ing of Jacob's departure went in pursuit, and after 7 days 
 overtook him at Mount Gilead. He charged Jacob with 
 stealing his gods (Teraphim), but refrained from violence 
 by a warning from the Almighty in a dream. Jacob 
 indignantly denied the accusation, and after a fruitless 
 search for the lost images, which it appeared afterwards 
 JRachel had brought away with her, a covenant of friend- 
 ship was made between Jacoh and Laban; and a heap 
 of stones set up as a memorial, which each swore not to 
 pass over to do injury either to other. Jacob now offered 
 up sacrifice, and Laban returned to Padan-aram, while 
 Jacob proceeded towards Beersheba. {Gen. xxxi. 51). 
 
 110. Esau reconciled. — During the absence of 
 Jacob in Mesopotamia, Esau had established him- 
 self at Mount Seir, south-west of the Dead Sea ; 
 and Jacob in his journey home having to pass 
 through this country, recollected his conduct to- 
 wards Esau, and dreaded his resentment ; on ar- 
 riving at Mahanaim, w^here the angels of God com- 
 forted him, he sent forward a messenger to Esau to 
 
 108. How came Jacob to leave Laban ? Eel ate the 
 facts. 109. AV hat did Laban ? 110. Where had Esau 
 established himself? \A'hen, and how did Jacob become 
 reconciled to Esau? What were the fears entertained 
 by him at this time ? 
 
 c
 
 26 GUN:ESIS. [Gen. xxxii. 
 
 solicit his favour and friendship. The servant 
 having brought word back, that Esau 'was coming 
 to meet him, and 400 men with him,' Jacob, un- 
 certain whether time had assuaged his brother's 
 anger, became alarmed, and earnestly prayed for 
 the protection of God ; he then with the view of 
 appeasing Esau, sent him valuable presents of 
 many droves of cattle. For greater security he 
 also despatched his family over the brook Jabbok ; 
 and arranged his company into two divisions, so 
 that if one was attacked the other might escape. 
 
 111. Jacob— Israel. — Night came on, and 'Jacob 
 *was now alone, and there wrestled a man (an 
 ' angel) with him until the breaking of the day ;' 
 Jacob refused to release him, saying ' I will not let 
 *thee go, except thou bless me:' Jacob prevailed 
 with the angel, and was blessed ; and he received 
 the name of 'Israel,' meaning 'a prevailer with 
 * God ;' and from this name his posterity were 
 called Israelites ; and Jacob called the place Penuel 
 (or Feniel), ' the face of God. ' In the conflict, the 
 sinew of Jacob's thigh was touched by the angel, 
 and it shrank ; the Israelites as a memorial of 
 which to this day forbear to eat of that part of any 
 animal. Gen. xxxii. 
 
 112. Esau retires to Mount Seir. — Inspired with 
 confidence by this mysterious wrestling, Jacob be- 
 held his brother advancing, and immediately went 
 forward bowing himself seven times to the ground. 
 Esau on seeing Jacob, ran to meet him, and affec- 
 tionately embracing him, they became perfectly 
 
 111. How did Jacob acquire the name of Israel? 
 How was his prayer answered ? What is the meaning 
 of the term Israel? What happened to him in this 
 conflict? 112. How did the brothers meet? after their 
 reconciliation whither did the brothers proceed? From 
 whom were the Edomites descended; and where did they 
 dwell ? Where is Edom ?
 
 B. C. 1739.] GENJESIS, 27 
 
 reconciled. Jacob then insisted on Esau accepting 
 presents from his hand : and after interchanging 
 various good offices, they parted. Esau returned 
 to the neighbourhood of Mount Seir, south of 
 Judaea and the Red Sea ; a country now called 
 Edom, and his descendants Edomites, from his 
 other name of Edom. But of the time, and manner 
 of his death nothing certain is known. Jacob 
 with his family and household journeyed on to 
 Succoth. 
 
 113. Dinah. — Jacob, after a stay of two years 
 at Succoth, removed to Shechem where he pur- 
 chased a small piece of land from Hamor the prince 
 of the country, pitched his tent thereon, and built 
 an altar. While here his daughter Dinah receiving 
 insult from Shechem, the son of Hamor, Simeon 
 and Levi her brothers treacherously took vengeance 
 on the entire people. Shechem endeavoured to 
 atone for his error by offering marriage to Dinahs 
 but his suit was rejected, and he and his father fell 
 among the slain. Gen. xxxiv. 
 
 114. Jacob was angry at this cruelty, which he 
 remembered on his dying bed, when he pronounced 
 a curse upon Simeon and Levi and added ; — 'I will 
 ' divide them in Jacob, and scatter them in Israel ;' 
 whence the Simeonites, and Levites, in the division 
 of Canaan, had not equal and distinct portions 
 allotted to them. Geji. xlix, 5 — 7. 
 
 115. Jacob at Bethel — Soon after, Jacob having 
 first collected the strange gods that were among 
 his people, and hid them under an oak at Shechem, 
 proceeded by the command of God to Bethel, where 
 at a former period he had a vision of a Ladder. 
 
 113. What occurred to Jacob's daughter Dinah at 
 Shechem? what was the sin of Simeon and Levi? 
 
 114. How did Jacob reprove them for this cruelty? 
 
 115. Whither did he next proceed? What did he at 
 Bethel ?
 
 28 Gi:]!fJ<:SIS. [Gen. xxxviii. 
 
 On liis arrival, Dehorah,t]ie nurse of Rebekah, died : 
 lie stayed a short time at Bethel, built an altar 
 to the Lord, who again renewed His promises of a 
 numerous i^osterity, and of their possessing Canaan ; 
 and directed him to be called Israel. 
 
 116. Rachel's death. — Jacob then went on to 
 Ephrath, subsequently called Bethlehem, where 
 Rachel died in giving birth to a son, whom she 
 named Benoni, {the son of my sorrow). Jacob, 
 not wishing to renew the sorrowful remembrance 
 of RacheVs death by the use of Benoni, changed it 
 to Benjamin (the son of my right hand). Bacliel 
 he buried in Ephrath (Bethlehem), and set a pillar 
 upon her grave, b. c. 1732. Gen. xxxv. 18, 
 
 117. Reuben. — Israel, as Jacob is now for the 
 first time called, proceeded on his journey to his 
 father Isaac at Mamre, and when at Edar, Reuben 
 became guilty of the grossest immorality (Gen. 
 xxxv. 21 — 26.); for this misconduct he was de- 
 prived of the privilege of the first-born ; and hia 
 tribe was neither numerous, nor famous in Israel. 
 
 118. Isaac's death. — After arriving at Mamre, 
 Jacob resided near the residence of his father Isaac 
 for about 13 years, when at last Isaac died, aged 
 180 years : and was buried by Eso,u and Jacobj 
 with Abraham in the cave of Machpelah. 1716. B.C. 
 2288. A. M. 
 
 110. Jacob, after the death of his father, con- 
 tinued with liis sons in Canaan ; but the bright 
 prf)mises of the future began to be interrupted by 
 a ch)ud of trouble and of sorrow, arising from 
 the trials wldch befel liis favourite son Joseph. — 
 Gen. xxxvii. 
 
 110. "What happened to Eachel on his way to visit 
 Isaac? What was the name of the new-born-son? 
 Why did Jacob chant^e it? 117. What happened to 
 Reuben in this journey? AVhat was his punishment? 
 118. When did Isaac die? 119. How was Jacob's 
 happiness interrupted ?
 
 B. c. 1728.] g:eni:sis, 29 
 
 120. Joseph was the e]der son of Rachel, born 
 B. c. 1745., and was so beloved and preferred by his father 
 Jacoh as to receive from him many especial favours, 
 which were acknowledged by a return of the most filial 
 regard and affection. Joseph, ever jealous for tbe honour 
 of his father and his family, would occasionally tell Jacoh 
 of the misconduct of his brothers ; this brought upon 
 him their bitter hatred. Jacoh also, as a token of his 
 great regard, gave Joseph a coat of many colours, which 
 increased the antipathy already excited. 
 
 121. Joseph's dreams. — Joseph also now dreamed 
 two Dreams in which his condition was set forth as far 
 superior to those of his brothers: that they hated him 
 yet the more, and even determined to put him to death. 
 His dreams were: 1st. 'Behold we were binding sheaves 
 ' in the field, and, lo, my sheaf arose and also stood up- 
 
 • right ; and behold, your sheaves stood round about, and 
 'made obeisance to my sheaf. ^ (G^e«. xxxvii. 7.) — 2ndly. 
 'Behold I have dreamed a dream more; and behold the 
 
 * sun, and the moon, and the eleven stars, made obeisance 
 *tome.' (f5. 9.). 
 
 122. Joseph sold. — Shortly after Joseph was des- 
 patched by his father to Shechem to enquire after his 
 brethren, who were tending his flocks in that neighbour- 
 hood; finding they had gone on to Dothan, he went 
 thither. They however no sooner saw Joseph approach- 
 ing than they conspired to kill him. Reuhen interceded 
 for his hfe, recommended that he should be put down 
 into a dry well, intending to rescue him privately, and 
 return him to Jacob : but a caravan of Midianite (Ish- 
 maelite) merchants passing by at this moment on their 
 way to Egypt, during Reuben's temporary absence, the 
 ten brethren at the instance of Judah sold him for 
 twenty pieces of silver, as a slave, being at the age of 
 17 years, 1728. B. C. Eenhen hearing of this proceeding, 
 rent his clothes with grief. The others however took 
 Joseph's coat which they had stripped from him, and 
 dipping it in the blood of a kid, cruelly showed it to their 
 father as having found it in that state. Jacoh imagining 
 his favourite son had been devoured by wild beasts, 
 mourned his death, and refused to be comforted. 
 
 120. How did Joseph oSend his brothers? 121. 
 What were Joseph's dreams ? 122. What befel Joseph ? 
 Who of his brothers interceded for his life? 
 
 c2
 
 30 GJENi:SIS. [Gen. xl. 
 
 123. Joseph in Prison. — On liis arrival in Egypt, 
 Joseph was bought by an officer of distinction under 
 Pharaoh, named JPotiphar, who ' made him overseer over 
 his house;' and ' the Lord blessed the Egyptian's house 
 for Joseph's sake,' and ' made all that he did to prosper:' 
 eventually, however, having offended the wicked wife of 
 Potiphar by his high sense of honour and integrity, 
 he was falsely accused, and cast into prison. Here the 
 Lord was still with Joseph, and the Keeper of the prison 
 committed every thing to Joseph's hand. 
 
 124. Joseph Interprets Dreams. — While in prison 
 Joseph inter])reted the dreams of Pharaoh's Butler, and 
 Baker, his fellow prisoners : prophesying freedom to the 
 one, and punishment to the other. 1720. B. c. 
 
 125. The Butler's Dream.— The Dream of Pharaoh's 
 Butler was : — ' Behold a vine was before me ; and in the 
 ' vine were three branches : and it was as though it 
 
 * budded, and her blossoms shot forth; and the clusters 
 
 * thereof brought forth ripe grapes; and Pharaoh's cup 
 
 * was in my hand, and I took the grapes, and pressed 
 'them into Pharaoh's cup, and I gave the cup into 
 ' Pharaoh's hand.' — Joseph said, ' this is the interpre- 
 tation of it: — The three branches are three days; yet 
 ' within three days shall Pharaoh lift up thine head, 
 ' and restore thee unto thy place ; and thou shalt deliver 
 ' Pharaoh's oup into his hand, after the former manner 
 ' when thou wast his butler.' ( Gen. xl. 9 — 13.). 
 
 126. The Baker's Dream.— The dream of Pharaoh's 
 Baker was : — ' Behold I had three white baskets on my 
 ' head ; and in the uppermost basket there was of all 
 
 * manner of bake-meats for Pharaoh : and the birds did 
 ' eat them out of the basket upon my head.' — Joseph 
 said, 'this is the interprelatiou thereof: — 'The three 
 ' baskets are three days ; yet within three days shall 
 
 * Pharaoh lift up thy head from oiF thee, and shall haug 
 
 * thee on a tree : and the birds shall eat thy flesh from off 
 *thee." {Gen. xl. 10— 19.). These two dreams came to 
 pass according to Joseph's interpretation. 
 
 123. What happened to him on reaching Egypt? 
 124.. What dreams did Joseph interpret? 125. What 
 was the dream of Pharaohs butler, and Joseph's inter- 
 pretation ? 12G. What was the dream of Pharaoh's 
 baker? and Joseph's interpretation?
 
 B. c. 1706.] GUNUSIS. 3 1 
 
 127. Pharaoh's Dream — Joseph was next, at the 
 recommendation of the chief Butler, brought before the 
 king for the purpose of interpreting Fharaoh's dreams, 
 1715. B. c. ; which the Egyptian magicians had failed to 
 do. 'Pharaoh dreamed, and behold, he stood by the 
 ' river ; and, behold, there came up out of the river seven 
 ' well favoured kine dindi fat fleshed ; and they fed in a 
 ' meadow : and, behold, seven other kine came up after 
 ' them out of the river, ill favoured, and lean-fleshed ; and 
 ' stood by the other kine upon the brink of the river. 
 ' And the ill favoured, and lean-fleshed kine did eat up 
 'the seven well favoured and fat kine. So Phaeaoh 
 'awoke — And he slept and dreamed the second time; 
 
 * and, behold, seven ears of corn came up upon one stalk, 
 ' rank and good : and, behold, seven thin ears and Masted 
 ' with the east wind sprung up after them ; and the 
 
 * seven thin ears devoured the seven rank and full ears.* 
 ( Geyi. xli. 1 — 7 ; 17 — 24.). Joseph's interpretation was, — 
 that the dream of Pharaoh is one: and that the seven 
 good kine, and the seven good ears were seven years of 
 plenty; and the seven thin and ill favoured kine that 
 came up after them, and the seven empty ears blasted 
 with the east wind, were to be seven years of famine. — • 
 'And the famine shall consume the laud ; — and the dream 
 
 * was doubled unto Pharaoh twice, because the thing was 
 
 * established by God, and God will shortly bring it to 
 
 * pass." {ib. 25—32.). 
 
 128. Joseph's advancement. — From suggesting the 
 proper course to be pursued with regard to the Famine, 
 Pharaoh set Joseph over all the land of Egypt : put his 
 own ring on Joseph's hand, and arrayed him in vestures 
 of fine linen, and put a gold chain about his neck; and. 
 he made him to ride in the second chariot which he 
 had; and they cried before him "Bow the Knee;" and 
 Pharaoh called Joseph Zaphnath-paaneah ; and gave him 
 to wife Asenath, the daughter of Poti-pherah, priest of 
 On. Joseph was now 30 years of age, and he applied 
 himself to the storing of the granaries of the kingdom. 
 During the seven years of plenty he had two sons, 
 Manasseh and Ephraim. 
 
 129. The Famine. — In the time of the famine, 
 which now followed, buyers of corn came from all parts ; 
 
 127. What were Pharaoh's dreams, and Joseph's in- 
 terpretation ? 128. How came Joseph promoted over 
 the land of Egypt? 129. What did Joseph's brethren 
 during the Pamiuei'
 
 32 GJENBSm [Gen.xlv. 
 
 and among them ten of his brethren from Mamre in 
 Canaan, 1706. B. c. These Joseph quickly recognized; and 
 at first treated them roughly, and imprisoned them as 
 spies; but after three days he desired them to depart, and 
 bring their younger brother benjamin, retaining Simeon 
 as a pledge of their return ; he also ordered their money 
 to be put back in their sacks' mouths. On discovering 
 this they became alarmed : Heuben now upbraided his 
 brethren for their cruelty to their younger brother Joseph ; 
 adding, ' therefore is this distress come upon us.' When 
 they reached home, and related the circumstances to their 
 father Jacob, he refused to allow Benjamin to leave him. 
 Persuaded however by Reuben, who offered his own child- 
 ren as a security, they soon returned accompanied by 
 Benjamin. 
 
 130. Joseph's Brethren. — On arriving in Egypt, 
 their alarm respecting the money in their sacks' mouths 
 was quickly removed by the steward, and Simeon was 
 restored to them. Josepli now ordered a repast for his 
 new visitors, who to their surprise were arranged accord- 
 ing to their ages, and a fivefold portion awarded to Ben- 
 jamin. On their departure the next morning the money 
 was again put into their sacks, and a silver cup of Joseph's 
 was stealthily placed in Benjamin's sack ; and before they 
 had advanced far on their road home the steward came 
 in pursuit of them, and charged them with the robbery; 
 notwithstanding the strongest protestations of innocence 
 they Avere searched, and the cup found in Benjamin's 
 possession. The brethren were now brought back to the 
 Egyptian ruler, when Judah, stung with remorse for his 
 past conduct with respect to the injured Joseph, gave an 
 affecting history of that transaction and of their present 
 circumstances, and in pity to their aged father supplicated 
 of the ruler the release of Benjamin. 
 
 131. Joseph reveals himself. — Joseph could refrain 
 no longer from disclosing himself to them : and having 
 heartily forgiven them, he added, ' be not grieved nor 
 'angry with yourselves that ye sold me hither, for God did 
 'send me before you to preserve life:' he now directed 
 them to go bacik, and fetch their father Jacob, and settle 
 in the land of Egyi)t. 
 
 132. Journey to Egjrpt. — When the ten brethren 
 returned to Jacob bearing the intelligence of Joseph's 
 
 130. "What occasioned Joseph's brethren much dis- 
 tress ? 131. Did Joseph at last forgive them ? 132. When 
 Jacob heard of Joseph's safety what did he resolve to do?
 
 B.C. 1689.] GJENIJSIS. 33 
 
 existence and exaltation, and bringing the invitation of 
 Pharaoh and his lost son, that he should come and dwell 
 in Egypt, the aged patriarch could hardly believe the in- 
 telligence, and was only assured when he saw the wagons 
 and provisions for the way;. he then exclaimed ^Joseph 
 ' my son is yet alive, I will go and see him before I die.' 
 He now set out for Egy])t with his C4 sons, and grand- 
 sons; one grand-daughter Sarah; and one daughter, 
 Dinah; and settled in the land of Rameses (Goshen), 
 where with Joseph and his two sons, his family amounted 
 to 70 persons. 1706. b. C. 2298. a. m. Gen. xlvi. 1—21. 
 
 133. Egyptians reduced: — The famine continued, 
 but Joseph's prudent management preserved the country 
 from starvation. After the people's money had been ex- 
 pended, he took in exchange for corn, — first, their cattle, 
 and then their land ; afterwards the Egyptians were 
 compelled to sell themselves unto the king, and become 
 Pharaoh's bondmen. JOSEPH now established ' a law over 
 *the land of Egypt, which existed in the time of Moses, 
 ' that Pharaoh should have the ffth part' of the produce 
 of the land as a rent-charge, 'except the land of the priests 
 'only, which became not Pharaoh's;' and who were ex- 
 empted from servitude. Gen, xli. 34; xlvii. 26. 
 
 134. Jacob's death. — After remaining in Egypt 
 17 years, during which the Israelites multiplied exceed- 
 ingly, Jacob fell sick, and having called his sons around 
 him, he blessed them one by one. He adopted also the 
 two children of Joseph, named Manasseh and Ephraim : 
 At length Jacob, after enjoining them to bury him in 
 the cave of Machpelah with his fathers, died, aged 147 years, 
 1G89. b. c. 2315. A. M, Joseph directed his father's body 
 to be embalmed after the manner of the Egyptians ; and 
 there was a general mourning for him in Egypt 70 days; 
 after which, Joseph and his brethren, and the chief men 
 of Egypt carried him to the burying place of his fathers, 
 Machpelah in Canaan. Gen. xlix. 30. 
 
 where did they settle, and how many were there in family ? 
 What w^as the date of Jacob's departure into Egypt.' 
 133. Under what circumstances and conditions did Joseph 
 reduce the Egyptians to be Pharaoh's servants? who 
 were exempt? What proportion of the produce of the 
 land in Egypt was the King entitled to : and by whom 
 was the law established ? was it in force at the time of 
 Moses ? 134. How long did Jacob live in Egypt ? what 
 did he on his death bed ? when did he die ?
 
 34 GJSNUSIS. [Gen. xlix. 
 
 135. Blessing of Jacob. — The most important of 
 the hlessings of Jacob, which he bestowed upon his sons, 
 the 12 patriarchs, was that of Judah, in which the time 
 of the coming of the Messiah is distinctly foretold : — 
 
 ' T7ie sceptre shall not depart from Judah nor a law- 
 
 * giver from between his feet, until Shiloh come, and unto 
 
 * him shall the gathering of the people ie. Sec. See. Gen. 
 xlix. 8—12. 
 
 136. Joseph's death. — Joseph now re-assured his 
 brethren of his forgiveness, and at length, 54 years after 
 the death of Jacob, he also died in Egypt, aged 110 years, 
 16.35. B. c. 2369. A. M. With the view of keeping up the 
 faith and interest of the Israelites in the promise of God 
 that they should possess Canaan, Joseph directed that 
 they should carry his bones with them, which was punc- 
 tually performed by Moses ; for Joseph's body was em- 
 balmed and placed in a coflin, which was carried by the 
 Israelites in their journeyings ( Uxod. xiii. 19.); and when 
 the promise of God was fulfilled, the bones were deposited 
 in the burial-place which Jacob bought of the sons of 
 Hamor, the father of Shechem ; which was Jacob's first 
 possession, as Machpelah had been Abraham's. {Josh. 
 xxiv. 32 ; Oen. xxiii. 19 ; Acts vii. 16.). 
 
 137. Typical of Christ. — The whole life of Joseph 
 is eminently typical of our Saviour: — He was a dearly 
 beloved son ; was hated by his brethren ; was a sojourner 
 in Egypt : a firm resister of temptation ; an inspired in- 
 terpreter, and prophet ; a patient sutFerer of many trials, 
 and afllictions, through which he became pre-eminently 
 exalted and blessed; he was also a preserver of nations; 
 the promoter of his master's kingdom ; and the support 
 of his father's family. 
 
 138. Tlie Prophetical intimations of the Messiah 
 in the Book of Genesis are : — 1. When Ood said to the 
 Serpent "It (the seed of the woman) shall bruise thy 
 "head, and thou shalt bruise his heel." Oen. iii. 15. 
 
 135. Which was the most important of Jacob's bless- 
 ings? 13G. In what year did Joseph die? what (com- 
 mand of Joseph was observed by Moses Jind the Israelites? 
 Where were his bones finally doi)osited? 137. How is 
 Joseph a typo of Christ? 138. State the Prophetical 
 intimations of the Messiah, contained in the book of 
 Genesis.
 
 B.C. 1635.] GENUSIS. 35- 
 
 2. WTiere God sat/s to Abraham .—"And in thee shall 
 "all the families of the earth be blessed." <?ew. xii. 3; 
 xviii. 18 ; xxii. 18 ; and the same to Isaac, xxvi. 4, and to 
 Jacob, xxviii. 14 
 
 3. Where Jacob says to Judah, — "The sceptre shall 
 "not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between 
 "his feet, until Shiloh come, and unto him shaE the 
 "gathering of the people be." Gen. xlix, 10. 
 
 139. The rulfilment of the Prophecies axe thus 
 recorded : 
 
 The 1st, — " When the fulness of time was come God 
 "sent forth his son, made of a woman." Gal. iv. 4. " The 
 " God of peace shall bruise Satan under your feet shortly." 
 Mom. xvi. 20. " The Son of God was manifested, that he 
 " might destroy the works of the Devil." 1 John iiL 8. 
 " That old Serpent.'^ {Rev. xii. 9.). 
 
 The2nd, — "I bring you good tidings of great joy, 
 "which shall be to all people." {LuJce ii. 10.). 
 
 " The covenant which God made with our fathers, 
 "saying unto Abraham, and in thy seed shall all the 
 " nations of the earth be blessed." Acts iii. 25 ; Matt, i, 1 ; 
 Gal. iii. 8. 16. 29. " It is evident that our Lord sprang 
 "outof Judah." ^e5. vii. U. 
 
 The 3rd,— When the Messiah came, the sceptre had 
 departed from Judah, for the Jews were subject to the 
 authority of the Romans; they submitted to the enrol- 
 ment of Augustus, payed tribute to Caesar, and had not 
 the power of life and death. See Luke ii. 1. 3—5 ; Matt. 
 xxiL 20, 21, and parallel passages ; and John xix. 10—15. 
 
 2369. A. M. 1635. B.C. 
 
 140. This book is called *' Exodus ;" because it 
 records the departure of the Israelites out of Egypt ; 
 the word is derived from the Greek (ex) out, and 
 (odos) a ivay. It embraces a period of about 145 
 years ; namely from the death of Joseph, 1635. b. c. 
 to the erection of the Tabernacle, 1490. b. c. 
 
 139. Wherein have these prophecies been fulfilled? 
 140. Why is this book called Exodus ? whence is the 
 word derived ? what length of time does it embrace ?
 
 36 
 
 GUNHSIS. [Exod. i. 
 
 141. Transactions omitted. — There is no record 
 in Scripture of the transactions between the deatli 
 of Joseph, 1635. b. c. a space of 54 years ; nor 
 of those between the death of Joseph, and the 
 birth of Moses in 1571. b. c, a space of 64 years : 
 and but very little is recorded of the first forty 
 years of Moses' life, which were sj^ent in Egypt, 
 and likewise of the second forty years spent in 
 Midi an. 
 
 142. Its contents. — The chief things recorded in 
 this Book are the sufferings and bondage of the 
 Israelites in Egypt ; their miraculous deliverance 
 by the hand of Moses ; the institution of the Pass- 
 over ; the passage of the Hcd Sea; the entrance 
 into the wiklerness of Sinai ; the promulgation of 
 the Law ; and the building of the Tabernacle. 
 
 143. Israelites afflicted. — About sixty years after 
 the death of Josejjh, and when anotlier Pharaoh, 
 who knew not Joseph's eminent services, was on 
 the throne of Egypt, the Israelites had increased 
 to such numbers, that they excited the fear and 
 jealousy of the Egyptian monarch : he therefore, 
 to check their increase, imposed heavy tasks upon 
 them, and reduced them to a state of abject slavery. 
 1573. B. c. 2431. A. M. 
 
 144. Pharaoh *made them build cities, and to 
 
 * serve with rigour :' 'he made their lives bitter with 
 
 * hard bondage, in mortar, and in brick, and in all 
 'manner of service in the field :' (Exod. i. 11. 13, 14.) 
 Notwithstanding these exactions, they continued to 
 
 141. What transactions are omitted in Scripture 
 about the time of Joseph, and Mo<es? 142, What are 
 the chief matters recorded in the book of Exodus? 
 143. AVhat cx(;itcd t he fear and jealousy of the Egyptian 
 monarch? Ml. What were the services exacted from 
 the Israelites during the latter period of their stay in 
 Egypt?
 
 B.C. 157 1.] UXODUS. 37 
 
 145. Male Infants destroyed. — Finding this in- 
 eflfectual, the king ordered Shq^hrah and Puah 
 the chief nurses of the Israelites to destroy all the 
 new-born male children of the Hebrews ; but they 
 neglecting to do so, Pharaoh commanded his people 
 to throw the Hebrew infants into the river Nile. 
 Mxod. i. 22. 
 
 146. Moses preserved. — One woman, Jochehed, 
 the wife of Amram of the tribe of Levi, concealed 
 her child three months, but was forced at last to 
 expose him in a basket of bull-rushes on the river 
 Nile ; here he was discovered by the king's daugh- 
 ter, wlio took compassion on him, and adopted 
 him ; and unknowingly gave him to the child's 
 mother to nurse. 1571. b. c. 
 
 147. Pharaoh's daughter gave him the name 
 of Moses (saved from the vmter) ; and had him 
 educated ' in all the learning of the Egyptians, 
 and introduced him to the court of Egypt ' (Exod. 
 ii. 1 — 10. ) ; this well titted him for the purposes 
 he had to fulfil, and he became ' mighty in words, 
 and in deeds.' (Acts vii. 22.). 
 
 148. Moses's flight. — When 40 years of age, 
 and aware of the circumstances of his birth, and 
 sufferings of his brethren, he happened to see an 
 Egyptian beating a Hebrew : on which he slew the 
 Egyptian. Pharaoh in his wrath sought the life 
 of Moses, but he iied into the land of Midian, 
 (a people descended from Midian a son of Abraham 
 and Keturah. — Gen. xxv. 2.). 
 
 149. Zipporah. — Here while sitting on a well, 
 
 145. What did Pharaoh command respecting the 
 infant children of the Hebrews ? 146. How did Joche- 
 bed save her child from the cruel order of Pharaoh? 
 Of whom was Moses the son ? 147. What did Pharaoh's 
 daughter with the Hebrew child she had adopted ? 
 What did Moses when forty years old to an Esyptian? 
 
 148. Whither did Moses flee from the wrath of Pharaoh? 
 
 149. What did he in Midian? and how long did he 
 dwell there ? D
 
 38 EXODUS. [Exod.iii. 
 
 he beheld the seven daughters of Reuel, (Ragiiel, 
 or Jethro,) the priest of that country, come to 
 water then- father's flocks. Moses assisted them, 
 and for his kindness was invited to the liouse of 
 Jethro, who soon after gave to him in marriage his 
 daughter Zipporah. Moses remained 40 years in 
 Midian, keeping the sheep of Jethro. 1531. b. c. 
 2473. A. M. 
 
 150. Burning bush. — Wliilst watching his flocks 
 near Mount Horeb a part of the range of Mount 
 Sinai, the Lord appeared to Moses in a burning 
 bush, and after directing him — ' Put oft' thy shoes 
 'from off thy feet for the place whereon thou 
 
 * standest is holy ground,' God commanded him to 
 go to Pharaoh, and demand the release of Israel, 
 His people : and then lead them to the Promised 
 land. 1491. b. c. 2513. a. m. To strengthen the 
 belief of the Israelites, God said to Moses — ' Thou 
 ' shalt say unto the children of Israel I AM hath 
 
 * sent me unto you.^ Exod. iii. 14. 
 
 15] . Moses confirmed. — Moses having hesitated ; 
 God condescended to perform a miracle to prove 
 that he was the God of Abraham, and of Isaac, and 
 of Jacob, ' He first changed Moses' rod into a serpent, and 
 *back again into a rod. God then smote his hand with 
 
 * leprosy and immediately restored it again.' These 
 wonders MosES was himself permitted to do before the 
 children of Israel, and before Pharaoh, 'And if they will 
 'not believe these,' the Lord directed him to turn the 
 tcaler of the river into blood. God further promised 
 Moses, on account of his being an indifferent 
 sjieaker, that his brother Aaron, should accompany 
 him as his spokesman. Tlie power of working 
 other miracles was also granted him. Exod. iv. 
 
 150. Where, and how did God first appear to Moses ? 
 What did God command Moses to do whilst tending the 
 sheep of Jethro? 151. IJy what signs was Moses ordered 
 to convince the Israelites, and Pharaoh, that he was sent 
 by God? What assistance did God give to Moses? 
 What relation was Moses to Aaron ?
 
 B.C. I49I.] EXODUS. 39 
 
 152. Moses and Koxon proceed. — Moses returned 
 home, and having informed Jethro of the duty 
 imposed upon him, immediately set forth for 
 Egypt with his wife and two sons : but Zipporah 
 soon returned with her sons to Midian. Aaron by 
 direction of God met his brother in the wilderness ; 
 and they proceeded together to the court of Pharaoh 
 and asked permission for the Israelites to go a 
 three day's journey into the wilderness to sacrifice 
 to the Lord. The king refused, and laid heavier 
 burdens on the people ; compelling them to gather 
 stubble instead of straw to make their bricks with, 
 and yet to complete as many as before. (Exod. v.) 
 Moses and Aarozs" again renewed their application 
 to Pharaoh ; and to convince them of their power, 
 Aaron's rod was changed into a serpent : the 
 Magicians of Egypt were permitted by God to per- 
 form a similar miracle ' but Aaron's rod swallowed 
 'up their rods.' {Exod. vii. 1 — 13.). Thus showing 
 the superior power of the God of the Hebrews to 
 the serpent god which the EgyjDtians worshipped. 
 Moses was now 80 years old, and Aaron 83 years. 
 1491. B. c. 
 
 163. The Ten Plagues. — PharaoKs heart was 
 hardened, and he continued to oppress the Israelites 
 and to refuse to let them go ; God in consequence 
 inflicted on the Egyptians by the hand of Moses, 
 ten successive plagues : all of which were aimed 
 especially against the idolatay of the Egyptians, 
 and to reveal the power of the Most High God. 
 
 154. I. All the Water in the land was turned 
 into Blood : — This would prove that there was a 
 
 152. How did Pharaoh receive the application of 
 Moses and Aaron ? AV'hat miracle was performed before 
 Pharaoh? How old were Moses and Aaron when be- 
 ginning their ministration ? 153. How many plagues 
 did God inflict on the Egyptians, and for what reason ? 
 Name them. How did these plagues bear upon the 
 idolatrous worship of Egypt. 154. What plague was
 
 40 UXODUS. [Exod.ix. 
 
 greater fertilizer than the Waters of the Nile which 
 the Egyptians worshipped as a god : — even the 
 Great Jehovah, The magicians of Egypt however 
 imitated this miracle, consequently Pharaoh con- 
 tinued hardened. Exod. vii. 17. 
 
 155. II. Frogs covered the land. — This visitation 
 was calculated to lessen the attachment of the 
 Egyptians to the worship of Reptiles. This miracle 
 was also imitated by the magicians of Egypt. But 
 the Frogs still remaining, Pharaoh relented, and 
 promised to let the Israelites go : yet no sooner was 
 the plague removed at the prayer of Moses than 
 the king revoked his consent, (viii. 2.) 
 
 156. III. Lice formed of the dust, and clung to 
 man and beast. This struck at tlie pretended jDurity 
 of the Egyptian priests : they attempted to imitate 
 this miracle but failed ; and they consequently ad- 
 mitted that the God of the Israelites was Almighty 
 and Supreme, (ib. 16.) 
 
 157. IV. Flies swarmed throughout the land. — 
 This, and the plagues following, showed the impo- 
 tency of their false gods. The visitation of Flies 
 put to shame their insect worship ; for Flies were 
 considered by the Egyptians and the neighbouring 
 people of Ekron as deities. Baalzehub was their 
 god of flies ; but he could not prevent tliem from 
 tilling their houses, and worrying their cattle. 
 Pharaoh seeing that the Hebrews were exempt 
 from this calamity now submitted ; but no sooner 
 were the Flies removed, than he again refused to 
 part with the Hebrew people, (ib. 21.). 
 
 158. V. Murrain destroyed their Cattle. — This 
 was aimed against their animal worship ; but Pha- 
 raoh continued still hardened. Exod. ix. 3. 
 
 aimed against the idolatroui5 worship of the river Nile ? 
 15.5. What applied to their Reptile worship? 156. 
 What affected the external purity of the Ef^yptian 
 priests? 157. Wiiat was the object of the plague of 
 Flics? 158. What plague aimed against their animal 
 worship ?
 
 B.C. I49I.] JSXODUS, 41 
 
 159. VI. Boils and Blains on man and heast. 
 This plague aflfected the idolatrous worshippers 
 themselves, who used to burn men alive and scatter 
 their ashes in the air, as an offering to the evil 
 principle, which they called Trypho. In tliis plague 
 the magicians of Egypt especially suffered, {ib. 9.). 
 
 160. YII. Thunder, Lightning, Hail, and Rain. 
 This plague destroyed all the Trees and Plants; 
 these also were with the Egyptians objects of idola- 
 trous worship, {ih. 18.). 
 
 161. VIII. Locusts covered the land, and de- 
 voured all that the fire and hail had left. This was 
 aimed against their idol Serains, whom they wor- 
 shipped as the protector of their country from 
 these insects. {Exod. x. 4.) Pharaoh once more 
 promised to allow the departure of the Israelites, 
 but again broke his word. Exod. x. 20. 
 
 162. IX. Darkness came over the land, except 
 at Goshen. This shut away from the Egjrptians the 
 Sun and Moon, which they worshipped as gods ; 
 under the names of Isis, and Osiris. This plague, 
 however, did not avail, although Pharaoh was 
 alarmed at the desolate state of the country, and 
 at the troubles of his people. He even threatened 
 Moses and Aaron with death if they should again 
 enter his presence, {ih. 21.). At last 
 
 163. X. All the First-horn of the Egyptians 
 were slain. — The infliction of this calamity was 
 such that 'there was not a house where there 
 ' was not one dead. ' By these successive calamities 
 the Egj^tians were goaded to distraction, and they 
 urged with one voice the release of the Israelites : 
 Pharaoh at length yielded, and freely allowed their 
 unconditional departure. 
 
 159. What plague affected the worshippers them- 
 selves ? 160, 161. What two plagues affected the vege- 
 tation of Egypt? 162. What was the effect of the 
 plague of Darkness ? 163. What was the last plague? 
 
 d2
 
 42 JEXODUS. [Exod. xii. 
 
 164, The Passover instituted. — The Israelites 
 were commanded four days before this affliction, to 
 prepare a Feast unto the Lord, and to ' take every man a 
 lamh, without spot or blemish, and to kill it in the 
 evening of the 14th day of the month ; not a bone vv^as to 
 be broken ; and to take a bunch of hyssop and dip it in 
 the blood, and sprinkle the blood on the door posts of 
 their houses: and eat the flesh that night, roast w^ith fire, 
 with unleavened bread, and bitter herbs, with their loins 
 girded, their shoes on their feet, and their staff in their 
 hand : and to eat it in haste : it is the Lord^s Passover.^ — 
 And the Lord said ; 'the blood shall be a token upon the 
 ' houses where ye are ; and when I see the blood, I will 
 ^pass over you, and the plague shall not be upon you, to 
 'destroy you when I smite the land of Egypt.' Exod. xii. 
 3—14. This feast of the Passover was ordained by God 
 to be kept yearly by every Israelite as a memorial, on 
 the 14th day of the month Alih or Nisan (March), in 
 commemoration of His having passed over the houses of 
 the children of Israel, and dehvered them from the 
 Egyptians. 
 
 165. On the seven days following the day of the 
 Passover, the Israelites were (jommandcd to eat no leaven- 
 ed hread ; {Exod. xii. 19.). This was called the Feast of 
 Unleavened Bread: and as it followed close upon the 
 feast of the Passover, the two formed one continued 
 festival of eight days, so that the name of either of them 
 came to be used for both. The unleavened bread indicated 
 ther heavy bondage in Egypt, and was a mark of haste 
 from their not having time to leaven it ; the hitter herbs 
 were also to remind them of their bitter slavery. 
 
 166. A Tjrpe of Clirid. — The Lamb sacrificed 
 at the feast of the Passover is typical of the sacrifice of 
 Christ, the Lamb of God without blemish, ' who is our 
 Passover;' (1 Cor. v. 7-); not a bone of him was broken, 
 and who by the shedding of His blood was our great 
 deliverer from more than Egyptian bondage: from the 
 
 1G4. What institution commemorated the last plague? 
 Describe the Passover. On what day was the lamb slain ? 
 How wore their houses to be marked? In commemora- 
 tion of what event? 1()5. What was forbidden on the 
 seven days following the Passover? What was this feast 
 called ? 100. Of what was the Paschal Lamb typical? 
 What is the meaning of Paschal ?
 
 B.C. I49I-] UXODUS. 43 
 
 bondage of sin, and Satan. Jesus Christ was crucified 
 in the same month, on the same day, and hour, at which 
 the Israehtes were ordered to kill the paschal lamb : it is 
 called the Paschal Lamb from pascha, denoting passover. 
 
 167. The Christian Passover. — Like as the Israel- 
 ites were commanded to keep the Passover in remem- 
 brance of their escape from Egyptian bondage, so are we 
 required to keep the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper in 
 memory of our deliverance from the yoke of sin : and 
 this Christian Sacrament answers to the institution of 
 the Jewish Passover. We commemorate likewise for 
 seven days the passion, crucifixion, and resurrection of 
 our Blessed Lord. 
 
 168. The Borrowing. — While the Israelites were 
 standing eating the Paschal Lamb as God had 
 commanded them, at midnight the Lord smote all 
 the first-born of Egypt, man and beast. Fharaoh, 
 and his people, in great terror immediately called 
 for Moses and Aauon, and urged them to hasten 
 with the Israelites out of Egypt, and take their 
 flocks and herds, for 'we be all dead men.' Moses 
 directed the Israelites to borrow of the Egyptians 
 jewels of silver, and jewels of gold, and raiment ; 
 and these gladly gave them whatever they required, 
 in order to hasten their departure. Exod. xii. 35, 
 36. B. c. 1491. 
 
 169. The Number. — About two or three millions 
 of Hebrew souls, with their flocks, and herds, and 
 all their property, quitted Egypt for Canaan. Of 
 this number there were 600,000 men capable of 
 bearing arms. 
 
 170. This departure of the Israelites is caUed the 
 Exodus, and they had remained in Egypt 215 years; 
 namely, from the arrival of Jacob in b. c. 1706, to this 
 time, B. c. 1491. They did not proceed in the direct road 
 
 167. What answers to it under the Christian dispen- 
 sation? 168. What were the Israelites directed to 
 borrow of the Egyptians? 169. How many Israelites 
 quitted Egypt ? 170. When did the Exodus take place ? 
 How long did the Israelites stay in Egypt ? Whither did 
 the Israelites proceed ? and Avhy?
 
 44 UXODUS. [Exod.xv. 
 
 to Palestine, which was but a few days march; but 
 it pleased God to conduct them by a circuitous route 
 through the vast wilderness of Arabia, between the two 
 arms of the Bed Sea. They journeyed from Eameses 
 (Goshen) to Succoth, thence to Etham, and round to 
 Pihahiroth by the E»ed Sea, where God commanded them, 
 to encamp. 
 
 171. God, to assure them of His guidance and 
 protection, preceded them in their march * by day 
 ' in a pillar of a cloud,' and by 'nio^ht in a pillar of 
 'fire to give them light,' {Exod. xiii. 21.). When 
 encamped at Pi-hahiruth, the Israelites were alarmed 
 at seeing the Egyptians following them ; Pharaoh, 
 having immediately they had departed, repented of 
 his permission, and gone in pursuit. The Israelites 
 now reproached Moses, saying — ' Because there 
 *were no graves in Egypt hast thou taken us away 
 * to die in the wilderness.' Moses appeased their 
 fears by telling them ' the Lord shall tight for you :' 
 and God removed the pillar of the cloud from the 
 front of the Israelites, and placed it between them 
 and the Egyptians ; where it afforded light to the 
 former, and was darkness to the latter. 
 
 172. Passage of the lied Sea. — Moses now stret- 
 ched out his hand at the command of God, when a 
 strong east wind divided the Red Sea, and he led 
 over the Israelites on dry land ; but while Pharaoh 
 and his host were in the midst, Moses closed the 
 waters, and the EgyjDtian armies were drowned in 
 the roaring waves. Immediately after this, Moses 
 and the children of Israel sang their celebrated 
 Song of Thanksgiving. Miriam and the women of 
 Israel accompanjdng it with timbrels, and with 
 dances. Exod. xv ; Mev. xv. 3. 
 
 173. The Israelites now proceeded through the 
 wilderness of Shur, and were three days before 
 
 171. What preceded the Israelites by day, and night? 
 172. How were they rescued from Pharaoh at the JRed 
 Sea ? 173. What occurred at Marah?
 
 B.C. I49I.] EXODUS, 45 
 
 finding water, which they at last discovered at 
 Marah, but this was bitter till sweetened by Moses 
 throwing in a tree pointed out by God. 
 
 174. Quails. — After leaving Marah, the Israel- 
 ites were led to EUm, and thence into the wilder- 
 ness of Sin. Here their provisions becoming ex- 
 hausted, they again murmured against Moses and 
 Aaron, Moses invoked the Lord, who, to impress 
 them with confidence in the Divine protection, sup- 
 plied them with Quails that evening, and an abun- 
 dance of Manna every morning. {Exod. xvi. 15.). 
 
 175. Manna, was a small white round grain, 
 and of the size of coriander seed; {Exod. xvi. 14.). It 
 fell six days in the week, and not on the sabbath : and in 
 double quantity on the sixth day, to be a supply for the 
 seventh, ' the holy Sabbath.' What fell on the Jtrst Jive 
 days, if kept beyond the day, became putrid, and bred 
 worms; but what fell on the .sixth day, kept two days: 
 and it fell in such quantities as to sustain above a million 
 of souls. 
 
 176. Rephidim. — From Siri they advanced to 
 Hephidim where they were again distressed for Water. 
 Here also they showed their want of faith in God's provi- 
 dence, and even threatened to stone their leader. Moses 
 supplicated God in their behalf, and was directed to strike 
 with his rod the Eock in Horeh, whence flowed a stream 
 of water, which ran down to the encampment at Rephidim. 
 
 177. The Israelites were now attacked by the 
 AmaleJcites. JosHUA was ordered by Moses to choose 
 a body of men, and go against Amalek ; and so long 
 as Moses upheld his hands in supplication for God's 
 assistance, so long only they prevailed: when therefore 
 the aged man grew weary Aaron and Hur supported his 
 arms in the same attitude till nightfall, when Joshua 
 proved successful. Exod. xvii. 13. 
 
 178. Jethro. — Before quitting Rephidim, Jethro, 
 Moses' father-in-law, brought to him from Midian, 
 
 174. How were the Israelites fed during their stay in 
 the wilderness ? 175. Relate the extraordinary proper- 
 ties of Manna. 176. What occurred at Rephidim ? 
 How did they obtain water here? 177. How were 
 the Amalekites defeated ? 1/8. Who was Moses' father- 
 in-law"? Whom did he bring with him on his arrival at
 
 4<5 JEXOBUS. [Exod.xix. 
 
 his wife Zipporah, and his two sons, Gershom, and 
 Eliezar. After offering sacrifices to the Almighty 
 and joining in a solemn feast, Moses sat to judge 
 the people, from morning to evening. Jethro, ob- 
 serving tlie laboriousness of this duty, recom- 
 mended Moses to appoint a Council to assist him, 
 composed of the 'rulers of Thousands, and of 
 'Hundreds, of Fifties, and of Tens; who should judge in 
 * ordinary matters; while he should decide in all great 
 ' causes.' Uxod. xviii. 21, 22. Jetheo, (who is also called 
 Beuel, and Eaguel, the Keniie), now returned to his 
 own country; leaving his son Hobab with Moses. 
 
 179. Sinai. — Leaving Rephidim on the 45th day 
 after they left Egypt, the Israelites arrived in the 
 wilderness of Sinai at the foot of Mount Sinai, a 
 part of the Horeb range, in Arabia Petrsea, between 
 the two northern arms of the Red Sea ; where they 
 encamped above a year, while Moses delivered to 
 them the commands of God. 
 
 180. Preparation of the People. — Moses was now 
 called up Mount Sinai by the Almighty, and com- 
 manded to propose terms of covenant to the Israel- 
 ites, who were to pledge themselves to be obedient 
 to the Divine government. (Exod. xix, 3.) They 
 were ordered to purify themselves by the third 
 day, and to wash their clothes, and to approach tho 
 Mount, but not to touch it under pain of instant 
 death to man or beast. 
 
 181. Delivery of the Law. — On the third day, 
 being the 50th from their leaving Egypt, ^ Mount 
 * Sinai was on a smoke, because tho Lord descended 
 *upon it in fire, and the whole Mcnmt quaked 
 ^greatly,' {Exod. xix. 18.). The Almighty God 
 
 Mount Sinai? Who advised Moses to procure assistance 
 in judging the people? What plan was adopted? 179. 
 Where is Mount Sinai situated ? How long did they 
 tarry there ? 180. How were the people prepared ? 
 181. On what Mount were the Ten Coinniandmcnts 
 given ? How long was Moses ou the Mount communing 
 with God ?
 
 B.C. 1491-] UXODUS. 47 
 
 then proclaimed with a loud and appalling voice to the 
 terror-stricken people from the midst of the fire the Ten 
 Commandments {ib. xx.); but the people were so alarmed 
 that they supplicated Jehovah to communicate His will 
 no more personally, but through 3Ioses (Exod. xx — xxiii.) 
 After this, the people covenanted with God, saying, — 'All 
 * the words which the Lord hath said we will do/ 
 
 182. Moses then offered iij) a sacrifice, and 
 accompanied by Aaeon with his two sons, Nadab, Abihu, 
 and the 70 elders who had been called up the Mount, 
 they beheld a resplendent vision of God. Moses was then 
 summoned alone further up the Mount into the presence 
 of God, where he remained 40 days and nights {ib. xxiv.); 
 during which he received the instructions necessary for 
 the construction of the Tabernacle, and the establish- 
 ment of the Jewish ceremonial and civil polity. He 
 then descended, taking with him the Two Tables op 
 Testimony, Tables of Stone, written with the finger of 
 God. {Exod. XXV — xxxi.). 
 
 183. While Moses was detained on Mount Sinai, 
 the people despairing of his return, had persuaded Aaron 
 to make them out of their golden ear-rings a molten calf: 
 which the people worshipped, and danced, and sang be- 
 fore it. In the midst of their idolatrous revelry Moses 
 and Joshua appeared. Moses incensed at these infamous 
 proceedings, dashed to pieces the Tables of the Law, 
 seized the golden calf; and having burnt it in the fire, 
 and ground it to powder, he mingled the ashes with 
 water, and made the Israelites drink of it. He then 
 summoned those who were on the Lord's vside ; and the 
 tribe of Levi having responded to the call, put to death 
 3000 of the people ; and for this service the tribe of Levi 
 was consecrated to minister henceforth unto the Lord. 
 The Almighty then smote them with a plague; but 
 Moses having interceded for them, God pardoned them. 
 — ^i. xxxii, xxxiii. 
 
 184. Moses was once more summoned up the 
 Mount, and received various other laws from the Al- 
 mighty, and ^orote the "Ten Commandments" on two 
 new Tables : after staying 40 days and nights as before, he 
 
 182. What did he receive from God? 183. How did 
 Moses find the Israelites employed on coming down from 
 Mount Sinai ? how did he punish them ? Why were the 
 Levites selected to minister unto the Lord ? iS4. Why- 
 did Moses put on a veil ?
 
 48 UXODUS. [Exod.xxvii. 
 
 returned ; but his countenance was of sucli vivid bril- 
 liancy that the Israehtes could not look on him : for a 
 time therefore, he was compelled to communicate to 
 them the commands of God through a veil. {ib. xxxiv.) 
 Moses, after this, proceeded to carry into effect the 
 statutes and the ordinances he had received. And the 
 whole economy is known as the ' Zaiv of 3Ioses,' or the 
 * Mosaic Dispensation.' 
 
 185. The Laws that had been thus delivered by 
 God were of three kinds: (1) the Moral; (2) the Cere- 
 monial; and the (3) Civil Latv. The Moral Law is 
 comprised in the ' Ten Commandments,' written by the 
 finger of God for the use of all future times. The 
 Ceremonial Law relates to the Priests, the Tabernacle, 
 the Sacrifices, and other religious rites. The Civil Law 
 has respect to the civil government of the Israelites, 
 to punishments, marriages, estates, and possessions. 
 
 186. Levitical Laiv. — Those who were to be 
 employed about the Tabernacle, and in the offices of 
 public worship, were commanded by God to be of the 
 posterity of Levi : hence the Ceremonial Laio is some- 
 times called the Levitical Law. 
 
 187. The Tabernacle. — Moses now called upon 
 the people to contribute towards the erection of the 
 Tabernacle. The sums received, added to the poll-tax of 
 half a shekel on every male above 20 years of age, proved 
 more than sufficient. This Tabernacle commanded by 
 God to be made for His 'dwelling-place,' and for the 
 Israelites to worship in, was a tent, or moveable structure, 
 made of the most costly materials, and covered with 
 canopies of blue, purple, and scarlet cloth, and skins. It 
 was about GO feet long, 20 broad, and 20 high; made of 
 acacia wood, fastened together by grooves and clasps, 
 and overlaid with plates of gold and silver ; it was most 
 splendidly ornamented, and rested upon 100 sockets of 
 solid silver, each weighing a talent (one cwt.). 
 
 188. It stood in a large space of ground, called 
 the ' Court of the Tabernacle' about 200 feet long, and 200 
 feet broad ; enclosed by a row of 20 pillars on each side, 
 10 feet high, and 10 feet apart ; there were also 10 pillars 
 
 185. Explain the difTcrcnce between the Moral, Cere- 
 monial, and Civil Law, 180. "Why is the Ceremonial 
 Law also called the Levitical Law? 187. ])escribo the 
 Tabornaclo made by Moses. 188. AVhere did it stand ?
 
 B.C.I49I.] :exo2)us. 49 
 
 on the western side, and 6 on the eastern ; overlaid with 
 silver, and curtains from pillar to pillar. J^xod. xx vii . 9—18, 
 
 189. The Tabernacle was divided into two un- 
 equal parts by a richly embroidered curtain, hung on four 
 acacia piUars overlaid with gold ; — the first called the 
 ^ Sanctuarj/' or ^ Holy place,' was 40 feet long, and 20 
 wide ; and the second, the ' 3Iost Holy ' or ' Holy of 
 Holies' 20 feet square. Exod. xxvi. 31—34. 
 
 190. The principal Vessels of the Taberxacle 
 used for the service of God, were the Ark, and Merct- 
 SEA.T, in the ' Holy of Holies ;' — the Table of Shew 
 Bread, Altar of Incense, and the Golden Candle- 
 stick, in the ''Holy Place;' — the Altar of Burnt- 
 OFFERiNa, and the Brazen Layer, in the ' Court of the 
 Tabernacle? 
 
 191. The Ark was made of acacia (shittim) wood, 
 about 5 feet long, 3 broad, and 3 deep ; it was plated over 
 with gold, within and without, and its lid, called the 
 * Mercy seat, was of pure gold.' Exod. xxv. 10. 
 
 192. In the Arh were deposited the two Tables 
 of Stone, whence it is frequently called the ' ArJc of the 
 Covenant;' and sometimes the 'Ark of the Testimony ;' 
 and hkewise Aaron's Rod, which budded; and the golden 
 pot containing an Omer of Manna, to remind the Israel- 
 ites what thev lived on in the wilderness. 
 
 193. The Mercy-Seat, or Fropitiatonj, was so called, 
 because God was propitiated by the blood of the sacrifices 
 sprinkled on it, on the Eay of Atonement ; and because 
 God dv/elt upon it in a body of light (Shechinah) as a God 
 of mercy. At each end was the figure of a Cherub formed 
 of gold, Exod. xxv. 22 ; xxxvii. 6. 
 
 194. The Cherubim faced each other, and covered 
 the Mercy-Seat with their wings ; between them was the 
 Shechinah, or miraculous light, a visible token of the 
 presence of God in this Holy Place. 
 
 189. Into how many places was the tabernacle 
 divided? What was the Holy of Holies? 190. Men- 
 tion the principal vessels of the Tabernacle used in the 
 service of God. What were those belonging to the " Holy," 
 and " Most Holy " place. In what part of the Tabernacle 
 was the "Ark" placed? 191. Describe the "Ark." 
 192. What did the " Ark " contain ? 193. Describe the 
 Mercy-seat, and why so called? 194. Describe the 
 Cherubim, and the Shechinah. 
 
 E
 
 50 UXOBUS. [Exod.xxvii. 
 
 195. The Table of Shew-Bread was made of acacia 
 wood, 4 feet long, 2 broad, 3 high, covered with gold, and 
 having a golden border round it : upon it were constantly 
 kept twelve loaves of unleavened bread, called Shew~ 
 Bread, which were offered one for each tribe, and renewed 
 every Sabbath ; the Priest alone eating those that were 
 removed, Exod. xxv. 23—30. 
 
 196. The Altar of Incense was a small table of 
 acacia wood, 2 feet square, and 4 high, overlaid with gold, 
 and carved round the top. Every morning and evening 
 the Priest burnt a fragrant perfume, called hicense, upon 
 it to the Lord ; and it was also sprinkled with the blood 
 of the sacrifices that were offered for sins of ignorance. 
 Exod. XXX. 1 ; xxxvii. 2.5. 
 
 197. The Golden Candlestick was made of solid 
 gold, and weighed one talent {one cict.). It had seven 
 lights ; six branching out from the stem, and one on the 
 top of the stem. (E'.rofZ. xxv. 31, 32.) These lights were 
 dressed every morning and evening with pure oil, to burn 
 always before the Lord. Exod. xxvii, 20. 
 
 198. The Altar of Burnt-offering, the ordinary 
 Jewish Altar was of acacia wood, plated with brass, 
 10 feet square, and G high, at each of the four corners 
 projected a horn; and to these corners were attached 
 the chains, which suspended a square grate on which to 
 consume the victims ; upon this was the holij fire, which 
 first descended from heaven, and was never suffered to go 
 out. 
 
 199. The Brazen-laver, made of the brass mirrors 
 of the Israelitish women, contained water for the neces- 
 sary ablutions of the Priests in the course of their minis- 
 trations. 
 
 200. High-Priest. — After the Tabernacle Wiis 
 finished, Moses anointed Aaron to be High-Priest, and 
 his sons to be Priests, as directed by God. {Exod. xxviii. 1.). 
 The High-Priest's garments were (1) a Breast-plate, 
 (2) an Ephod, (3) a Pobe, (4) a Broidered Coat, (5) a 
 Mitre, (G) and a ' Girdle.' Also the ' Golden Plate,' and 
 the * Linen Drawers' 
 
 195. Describe the Table of Shew-bread. 196. De- 
 scribe the Altar of Incense. 197. Describe the Golden 
 Candlestick. 198. The Altar of Burnt-offering. 199. 
 "What was the use of the Brazen-laver ? 200. Who 
 were appointed to the Pricstliood, and Iligh-Priesthood, 
 by Moses ? What were the High-Priest's garments ?
 
 B.C. 1491.] SZODUS. 51 
 
 201. The Ephod was either a kind of girdle 'made 
 *of gold, blue, purple, and scarlet, and fine-twined 
 *hnen,' {JExod. xxix. 2.): or the outward ornamental 
 garment fastened by a girdle, and having on the shoulders 
 two large precious stones, on which were engraven the 
 names of the Twelve Tribes of Israel, six on each. Exod* 
 xxxix. 6, 7. 
 
 202. The Robe of the Ephod was of deep blue, hav- 
 ing on the hems pomegranates of blue, and purple, and 
 scarlet, and tmned linen, alternately with bells of gold. 
 (Exod. xxxix. 22—26.) The embroidered Coat was of fine 
 white linen. Exod. xxviii. 39. 
 
 203. The Breast-plate was of the same work as 
 the Ephod, a span square, mth Uvelve jetvels set in 
 gold, four in a row, on wbich were engraven the names 
 of the Twelve Tribes of Israel, and was fastened by 
 golden chains to the Ephod. Exod. xxxix. 8—21. 
 
 204. The Mitre was of fine linen, having in front 
 the golden plate, on which was engraven ' Holiness to 
 THE LoED.' Exod. xxxix. 30. 
 
 205. The ' Urim and Thummim, ' from two words sig- 
 nifying Uffht and perfection, was a miraculous ornament 
 worn on the breast-plate of the High-Priest, when he 
 went into the ' Holy of Holies' to consult God on special 
 occasions ; and by which, in a way unknown to us, he 
 was enabled to ascertain the Divine Will for his guidance 
 and direction. Exod. xxviii. 30. 
 
 206. Tabernacle completed. — The materials for the 
 Tabernacle being prepared, Moses, with the assistance 
 of two inspired architects, JBezaleel and Aholiab, now 
 completed its erection in the midst of the camp (Exod. 
 xxxi. XXXV.) : when ' a cloud covered the tent of the con- 
 ' gregation, and the glory of the Lord filled the Taber- 
 * nacle.' Exod. xl. 34 1490. B. C. 
 
 207. The Types in the Book of Exodus are these : — 
 Of the Church. — In the servitude of Israel are typified 
 
 the suflerings of the Church ; in their deliverance from 
 Egypt, its redemption {Luke i. 68—79.) ; in the journey 
 
 201. Describe the Ephod. 202. Describe the Robe 
 of the Ephod ; and the Embroidered Coat. 203. Describe 
 the Breast-plate. 20i. The Mitre, and the Golden Plate. 
 205. What was the ' Urim and Thummim ? ' 206. Who 
 were Bezaleel, and Aholiab ? What filled the Tabernacle 
 after Moses had erected it? 207. What types of the
 
 52 LJEVITICUS. [Lev. 
 
 through the wilderness, a Christian's pilgrimage through 
 life till his entrance into the heavenly Canaan. 
 
 208. Of the Messiah — Moses typified the captain of 
 our salvation {Ileh. ii. 10.); Aaron the true High-priest 
 and Prophet of the Church {Heb. iv. 14.) ; the JPaschal 
 lamb, the sacrifice for sin (1 Cor. v. 7.); Manna, the 
 .Bread of Life {John vi. 33—38; 1 Cor. x. 3 ; Hev. ii. 17.) ; 
 the liock in Horeb, the giver of the Holy Spirit, who is 
 the living water (1 Cor. x. 1—4.) ; the Tabernacle, and 
 Holy of Holies, the incarnate Lord, in whose human 
 nature (the true tahernacle) dwelt the fulness of the God- 
 head bodily ; and the Mercy-seat^ the real Propitiatory 
 {lioni. iii. 25.). 
 
 2514. A. M. 1490. B. c. 
 
 209. The book of Leviticus derives its name from 
 describing the Services committed to tlie Lent iced 
 priesthood. It comi^rises a period of about a month ; 
 viz. from the erection of the Tabernacle to the 
 numherhuj of the people. 
 
 210. In it are described the different Sacrifices, 
 and Oblations : the consecration of the Priests ; the 
 various kinds of Uncleanness, and their Purification ; 
 the Festivals ; Vows ; Tithes ; and devoted things. 
 
 211. Sacrifices involved the shedding of blood, as 
 of Jinimals ; Avhence they were called Blood-offerings ; 
 tliey were these four — (a) Burnt- ofierings ; (6) Sin- 
 offerings ; (c) Tresx^ass- offerings ; and {d) Peace- 
 otferinga. 
 
 Church. 208. and of the Messiah, are to be found in 
 Exodus? 209. Why is the name of Leviticus applied 
 to this book? What period of time does it com])ri,se? 
 210. AVhat arc described in Leviticus? 211. What 
 were the various kinds of sacrifices prescribed by 
 Moses ?
 
 B.C.I490.] LBYITICTJS. 53 
 
 212. Oblations were without the shedding of 
 hlood; such as vegetables, and fruits ; whence they 
 were termed Unbloody Offerings. There were also 
 DmxK Offerings and Meat Offerings. 
 
 213. Blood-sacrifices required the infliction of 
 death upon a hving creature, by the eflfusion of whose 
 blood, pardon for sin might be obtained. The victims 
 were to be ' without spot or blemish : ' and either a bul- 
 lock, sheep, goat, turtle-dove, or pigeon. Lev. i. 3—14. X 
 
 214. The Burnt-offering, or Holocaust , was a free- 
 will offering for sin, and the whole of it devoted to 
 God. The offerer took one of the five animals accord- 
 ing to his ability, led it to the altar, and laid his hands 
 upon its head ; thus confessing the Sacrifice to be his own, 
 and offered as an atonement for his sins, by which he had 
 forfeited his life to the violated law of God ; and praying 
 this might be accepted in his stead. Lev. i. 4 ; ii. 13. The 
 Burnt-offering was a very expressive type of the sacrifice 
 of Christ, as nothing less than His complete and full 
 sacrifice could make atonement for the sins of the world. 
 Heh. ix. 26 ; x. 14. 
 
 215. Peace-offerings were free-will offerings made 
 in token of peace with God; or as a thanksgiving for 
 blessings received : they consisted of animals, and were 
 often accompanied with cakes, and unleavened bread. 
 Lei\ vii. 11. 
 
 216. Sin-offerings were for sins committed, which 
 were always punished unless expiated, and formed a 
 purification from, sin or uncleanness. Lev. v. 2 — 19 ; 
 ti. 1-7. 
 
 217. Trespass-offerings were made when doubt 
 existed as to whether the law of God had been violated, 
 or not; they differed very little from the Sin-Offering. 
 Lev. V. 15—18 ; vi ; vii. 
 
 218. In addition to these, there were the regular 
 Daily, Weekly, Monthly, and Yearly sacrifices, and the 
 National sacrifices. — The Daily Sacrifice comprised two 
 
 212. What were oblations ? 213. Blood Sacrifices ? 
 214. Describe the Burnt-offering. Of what is the Burnt- 
 offering an expressive tvpe ? 215. What were Peace- 
 offerings ? 216. What were Sin-offerings ? 217. What 
 were Trespass-offerings ? What were the regular Jewish 
 sacrifices ? 218. What was the Daily Sacrifice ? 
 
 e2
 
 54 LBVITICUS. [Lev.vi. 
 
 lambs offered upon the altar, one in the Morning at the 
 3rd hour, and one in the Evening at the 9th hour, as a 
 continual Burnt-offering for the sins of the people. There 
 were also a Meat-offering, and a Drink-offering in addi- 
 tion. Lei\ vi. 9 — 18. 
 
 219. The Weekly Sacrijice or Sabbath was in- 
 tended as a memorial of the Israelites' deliverance from 
 Egypt, and was kept every Sabbath-day. Beut. v. 15. The 
 Sabbath-Day itself was a day of rest and hoi// exercises ; 
 and all cessation from labour was rigidly enjoined. 
 Kindling a fire, and preparing food, were proliibited 
 {Exod. xvi. 23; xxxv. 3.) : even gathering sticks incurred 
 death {Numb. xv. 35.) ; and all buying and selhng were 
 forbidden {Neh. x. 31.) ; as well as travelling beyond a 
 certain distance. 
 
 220. The Monthly sacrifice was proclaimed with 
 sound of trumpets at every neio moon, or beginning of 
 each Month ; it consisted of two young bullocks, a ram, 
 and seven lambs of a year old, with a kid for a Sin- 
 offering, and a suitable Meat, and Drink-offering. Numb. 
 xxviii. 11. 
 
 221. The Yearly Sacrifices were offered on the 
 great Annual Festivals: viz. — 
 
 1. The Feast of the Passovee ; 
 
 2. The Feast of Pentecost ; 
 
 3. The Feast of Tabernacles ; 
 
 4. Tlie Feast of Trumpets ; 
 
 5. The Fast of Expiation or Day of Atonement i 
 
 6. The Feast of Pi«-im; 
 
 7. The Feast of Dedication. 
 
 222. Of these Annual Feasts, the three principal 
 were the feast of the Passover, or Pentecost, and of Taber- 
 nacles ; at all which, every male who could travel, ' was to 
 'appear before God, at the place where he should choose/ 
 for the residence of the Ark, and the Tabernacle. (Deut. 
 xvi. 1().) At which time of their absence from home, God 
 promised that none of their enemies should molest their 
 dwellings, or even ' desire their lands.' Exod. xxxiv. 24. 
 
 219. What, the weekly ? 220. Describe the monthly 
 sacrifice. 221. Mention the yearly sacrifices of the Jews. 
 Besides the three principal festivals what others were 
 kept by them? 222. AVhat wore the three principal 
 annual feasts of the Jews? How many times a year 
 were the Israelites bound to appear before the Lord, and 
 on what occasions?
 
 B. c. 1490.] LEVITICUS. 5 5 
 
 223. The Feast of the Passover was instituted the 
 night before the IsraeUtes departed from Egypt, as a 
 perpetual memorial of the favour which God shewed them 
 in pas-sing over, and sparing their first-born, when he slew 
 the first-born of the Egyptians. It began on the 14th 
 of the month Nisan, or Abih, and lasted 7 days; and was 
 also called the Feast of Unleavened Eeead, because 
 none other was then to be eaten. The great feature was 
 the sacrifice of the Paschal Lamb. See par. 164. 
 
 224. The Feast of Pentecost w^as so called from 
 being celebrated//;'// days after the Feast of the Passover, 
 taking its name from the Greek, ' pentecoste' the fiftieth ; 
 it was at first called the Feast of Weeks, because it was 
 kept seven weeks, or a Week of JVeeks after the Passover. 
 It was instituted in order that the Israelites should ac- 
 knowledge the goodness of the Lord, and offer Him in 
 His Temple 2 loaves made of the new corn as the first- 
 fruits of the ivheat Harvest, and also to commemorate the 
 giving of the Law from Mount Sinai, which happened on 
 the 50th day after the departure out of Egypt ; it lasted 
 one day. 
 
 225. On this day in a later age the Holy fJnosr 
 descended on the Apostles in the shape of clove.i fiery 
 tongues, enabling them to speak variov.s languages, and 
 work miracles. Acts ii. Christians keep it as a Feast on 
 Whit-Sunday, fifty days after Easter, or the Resurrection 
 of Christ. 
 
 226. The Feast of Tabernacles was kept on the 
 fifteenth of the month Tisri (September), and lasted 
 8 days; during w^hich the people dwelt in Tents or 
 Tabernacles made of the branches of trees. It was in- 
 stituted to commemorate the dwelling of the Israelites in 
 Tents during their sojourn in the Wilderness. Lev. xxiii. 
 34—43. It was also termed the Feast of In-gatherings : 
 {Exod. xxiii. 16; xxxiv. 22.); being intended as an ofier- 
 ing of thanks to the Almighty for the fruits of the vine 
 and of other trees, which were now gathered in. 
 
 223. Why was the Feast of the Passover instituted? 
 224. What was the reason of the Feast of Pentecost, and 
 when did it take place.' By what other name was it 
 designated? What was the Feast of Weeks.' 225 
 With what event in subsequent times do we find it 
 connected ? To what Festival does it correspond in the 
 Church of England? 226. Describe the Feast of Ta- 
 bernacles, and of Ingatherings.
 
 5^ LEVITICUS. [Lev.xxiu. 
 
 227. Types. — These three great Feasts prefigure 
 the principal events of our Saviour's hfe: — The Passover 
 prefigures His ' death and passion ; ' the Feast of Pentecost 
 commemorates the ' first fruits' of His Spirit being sent; 
 and the Feast of Tabernacles prefigures His ' incarnation 
 and birth,' when the ' Word was made flesh, and taber- 
 nacled with us.' {John i. 14). 
 
 228. The Feast of Trumpets, held on the first and 
 second days of the mouth Tisri (September), the com- 
 mencement of the Civil year of the Hebrews, derives its 
 name from the blowing of Trumpets in the Temple 
 with more than usual solemnity. Lev, xxiii. 24; Numb. 
 xxix. 1. 
 
 229. Next is the Fast of Expiation, or Day of 
 Atonement, which of all the sacrifices of the Mosaic law 
 was the most solemn and important ; it was kept on the 
 10th day of the month Tisri (yS'f^piJem&er), just after the 
 Feast of Trumpets; it was offered by the High-Priest 
 alone, for the sins of the whole nation. It was observed 
 as a most strict fast, the Jews abstaining from all servile 
 work, taking no food, and afflicting their souls. (Lev. 
 
 j.^" 27—30.) The services of this day pourtrayed the 
 ''reat /"^^^P^® of the scheme of our Redemption ; viz. a 
 vicdrouus sacrijli^c procuring the pardon of sin. 
 
 230. The Feast of Unleavened Bread was a con- 
 tinuation of that of the Passover, and lasted seven days; 
 from these two Feasts being so closely united into one 
 coniinued festival of eight days, they have been considered 
 as one, and the name of cither has been used for both ; 
 at the close of this Feast, a wheat-sheaf of the, first fruits 
 of the harvest was offered up as a grateful acknowledge- 
 ment of God's goodness in sending the fruits of the earth. 
 
 231 . The Sabbatical Year.— The feast of the Sab- 
 hatical Year was a time of rest to the land; which 
 during its continuance, was to lay fallow; — and man and 
 brute wore to subsist in common, on that * which grew of 
 its own accord.' It took place every seventh year, and to 
 
 227. What is the tj^ical import of the three great 
 Jewish festivals? 228. I)escribe the Feast of Trumpets? 
 221). What was the great day of Atonement? 230. 
 What is the feast of Unleavened bread ? 231. Relate 
 the particulars respecting the Sabbatical year? How 
 oftcu did it occur ?
 
 B.C. I490.] LJEVITICUS. 57 
 
 compensate for it, God promised to bless every sixth year 
 with a superabundant crop. {Lev. xxv. 21.). It was also 
 the 'Year of Release/ there being a remission of personal 
 Slaveey {Exod. xxi. 2.), and of all Debts due from one 
 Israelite to another {Deut. xv. 1 — 3.); and there was a 
 public reading of the Law at the ITeast of Tabernacles. 
 iBeut. xxxi. 11.) 
 
 232. The Year of Jubilee was a grand Sabbatical 
 year held every fiftieth year. It was a year of rest to the 
 land— all Debts were cancelled — all Slaves set free— and 
 all Estates reverted to their original proprietors. {Lev. 
 xxv, 13.) The design of this appointment was to prevent 
 the perpetual slavery of the poor, and the accumulation 
 of lands by the rich ; as well as to preserve the distinction 
 of the tribes, and of their respective possessions. It takes 
 its name from the Hebrew word Jobel, ' the blast of a 
 trumpet;' being proclaimed throughout the whole land 
 by the sound of trumpets. Lev. xxv. 9. 
 
 233. Wave-Offerings. — When the Offerings were 
 placed by the priest in the Offerer's hand, and the 
 Priest then put his hands under those of the Offerer, 
 and moved them to and fro, to indicate that the 
 Lord was possessor of heaven and earth, the Offer- 
 ing was termed a JFave-Offerlng. {Exod. xxix. 24 ; 
 Lev. viii. 27.) 
 
 234. Oblations were either ordinary, or voluntary, 
 or prescribed. Of the first class were the Shcw- 
 hread and Incense; of the 2nd, the fruits of Vovjs, 
 or Promises; and of the 3rd, First-Fruits, the First- 
 horn and Tithes. 
 
 235. The Shew-bread consisted of twelve Loaves 
 corresponding with the number of the tribes of 
 Israel. They were placed hot every Sabbath-day 
 by the Priests upon the golden Table of the Sanc- 
 tuary before the Lord ; and the stale loaves, were 
 then removed, and eaten, but by none but the 
 Priests. 
 
 232. How often did the year of Jubilee occur? and 
 what then took place? 233. What was a Wave-offer- 
 ing ? 234. What were the Oblations offered in addition 
 to the sacrifices? 235. AVhat was the Shew-bread?
 
 SS LEVITICUS. [Lev.xxiv. 
 
 236. The Incense was composed of fragrant spices ; 
 and was offered twice, daily, by the officiating 
 Priest, except on the day of Atonement, when it 
 was offered by the High-j^riest. During the offer- 
 ing, the people silently prayed. Luke i. 10 ; Rev. 
 viii. 3. 
 
 237. Vows were solemn promises voluntarily made 
 to consecrate some thiug or person to God, or to do 
 something to His honour and service. They were obliga- 
 tory. {Deut. xxiii. 21—24.). Although in some cases they 
 might be redeemed. Lev. xxvii. 1 — 5. 
 
 238. Nazaritism was a voiv to abstain from wine, 
 vinegar, and all inebriating drinks ; to eat no grapes ; to 
 avoid contamination from dead bodies, bones, and sepul- 
 chres, and to let the hair grow ; and not mourn the dead. 
 A parent could devote a child as a Nazarite even before 
 its birth, as did the parents of Samson, {Judg. xiii.) and 
 of John the Baptist. {L^ike i. 13—15.). 
 
 239. Cherem {Anathema) was a voio of execrationy 
 an irrevocable curse, by which a person or thing was 
 accursed, and devoted to destruction ; as the vow against 
 Arad, Jericho, Jepthah's daughter, &c. (Numb. xxi. 
 1—3; Josh, vi.; Judg. xi. 30.) 
 
 240. All First-fruits were consecrated to God 
 (Exod. xxii. 29 ; Numh. xviii. 12. ). Before the 
 Jews had offered the new sheaf, or omer, they were 
 prohibited from gathering the Harvest ; nor were 
 they allowed to make bread from new corn before 
 the new loaves had been offered on the altar at 
 the day of Pentecost, as a thanksgiving to God 
 for the bounties of the Harvest. (See Rom. xi. 16 ; 
 1 Gov. XV. 20—23.). 
 
 241. The First-bom males of men and animals 
 were always dedicated to God, and therefore could 
 not be vowed ; those of clean animals were unre- 
 deemable, and must be sacriliced ; those of man, and 
 
 230. What was the Incense ? 237. What were vows ? 
 238. What was the Nazarite Vow ? and the particular 
 rules of life? 239. What was the Ciicrcra? 240. 
 W hat were the First-fruits ? 241. The First-born ?
 
 B.C. I490.] LMYITICTJS. S9 
 
 unclean animals, were redeemable by the payment 
 of 5 shekels. 
 
 242. Tithes were the tenth part of everything 
 the Jews possessed, and were generally collected 
 from the fruits of the earth ; such as com, wine, 
 oil &c. ; Tithes were rendered every year, except 
 the Sabbatical year. 
 
 243. Meat-offerings (Mincha), or Unbloody Sacri- 
 fices, were composed of wheaten, or barley flour, 
 or parched grain, and frankincense, mixed with oil, 
 and with or without wine. They were to be free 
 from leaven and honey, but must have a portion of 
 pure salt. Lev. ii. 1 — 16. 
 
 244. Drink-offerings were the constant accompani- 
 ments of Sacrifices. They were never used sepa- 
 rately ; and consisted of wine ; jDart was poured 
 upon the offering to consecrate it, and the remaining 
 part allotted to the priests. 
 
 245. The Fire for the service of the Tabernacle 
 came down from heaven in the 'pillar of fire,' and 
 was to be kept perpetually burning on the altar, no 
 other fire was to be used by the Israelites in their 
 worship. Lev. ix. 23, 24 ; vi. 13. 
 
 246. Nadab and Abihu the two elder sons of 
 Aaronsoon after their appointment to the priesthood, 
 presumed to use other fire than that commanded by 
 God, and they were immediately struck dead by fire 
 from heaven (Lev. x. 1, 2.) ; thus shewing that the 
 Almighty would not permit any human alteration or 
 intrusion in the Divine arrangements. 
 
 247. Uncleanness, or Levitical Defilements, which 
 debarred persons from officiating in the holy offices and 
 
 242. What were Tithes ? 243. Describe the Meat- 
 offerings. 244. What were Drink-offerings? 245. What 
 fire was employed in the service of the Tabernacle? 246. 
 Who were the two elder sons of Aaron ? What was their 
 transgression ? What, their punishment ? 247. AVhat 
 was Uncleanness in the Levitical Law ?
 
 6o LEVITICVS. [Lev. xiv. 
 
 from attending tbe religious sacrifices, were (1) Leprosy 
 {Lev. xiii.): — (2) certain Issues running from the flesh 
 \ih. XV.) : (3) the touch of a Dead Body, or a Sepulchre^ 
 or being in the house of the dying, or the dead &c; 
 '—{Numb. V. 2.) And whatever thing an unclean person 
 touched, or that came in contact with him, was held to be 
 unclean. Priests were unclean moreover by wearing any 
 marks of onouming. All unclean ]3ersons were separated 
 from the congregation, and could only be purified by the 
 sprinkling of the Water of Separation ; and in cases of 
 Lepros}/,\y the performance of certain sacrifices and 
 ceremonies. 
 
 248. Purification. — The ceremony of Purification 
 from Lersonal Uticleanness consisted in the individual 
 being sprinkled with hyssop, dipped in water mixed with 
 the ashes of a Eed Heifer. The ashes of the Heifer were 
 collected in a vessel, and running spring water poured on 
 them ; this was called the Water of Separation for 
 sprinkling the nnclean, whether persons or things. In 
 some cases Purification was effected by simply sprinkling 
 the persons or things with lloody or anointing them with 
 oil. 
 
 249. Leprosy was a most loathsome, and gene- 
 rally infectious, disease of the skin, which shut out the 
 suffbrer from society, and from all participation in public 
 religious worship. It affected (1) Man; (2) Houses; and 
 (3) Clothes : and the determination of its character, and 
 cure was part of the Priestly office. 
 
 250. In Man, Leprosy was of two kinds, the 
 White and the P/acJc LErROSY. The skin was covered 
 with scales and ulcerated patches. 
 
 251. In Houses — The Leprosy developed itself 
 in green and red spots and patches on the walls. The 
 house was kept shut up : if the spots ultimately dis- 
 appeared the parts were scraped and repaired : if not, it 
 was pulled down and removed to an unclean place. Lev. xiii. 
 
 252. In Clothes. — The Lejrrosy exhibited fjreen 
 and reddish spots on tvearing apparel^ and could not 
 readily be taken out by washing: if perfectly irremove- 
 able, they were ordered to l)c burnt. Lev. xiii. xiv. 
 
 248. What was the method of Purification? What 
 other method was there ? 219. What were tlio kinds of 
 Leprosy? 250. What was the Leprosy in man? 251. 
 What was the Leprosy in Houses? 252. In clothes?
 
 B. C. 1490.] LEVITICUS. 6 1 
 
 253. The Holy Persons employed in the service 
 of the Tabernacle were the Hlgli- Priest, the 
 Priests, the Levites, and the Nethinim. The High- 
 priest alone could enter the Holy of Holies : he 
 was the chief man in Israel, and exercised supreme 
 authority. {Lev. xvi.). He held his office until 
 incapacitated by age, or by crime. He was a 
 great type of our spiritual High-priest, Christ, the 
 Lord. 
 
 254. The Priests, who were exclusively of the 
 family of Aaron, served at the Altar, prepared the 
 victims, and offered the sacrifices ; kej)t a perpetual 
 fire on the Altar of Burnt-sacrifices, and attended to 
 everything directly connected with the sendee of 
 God. They also judged, instructed, and offered up 
 prayers for the people. 
 
 255. The Levites, or whole tribe of Levi, were 
 the ministers, and servants of the Priests ; it was 
 their duty to open, close, and guard the Temple, 
 cleanse the sacred vessels, have charge of the sacred 
 loaves, (fee. (fee. ; and they were also the Singers, and 
 Musicians. They were eventually allowed 48 Cities 
 to dwell in, and the Tithes of the whole of Canaan 
 for a maintenance, 
 
 256. The Nethinim were persons given, as the 
 name implies, to the Priests and Levites, for per- 
 forming the servile offices of the Tabernacle, and 
 the Temple, such as carrying wood, and water. 
 The Griheonites were the first of this class of 
 assistants. 
 
 257. The Nazarites, from the Hebrew nazar 
 *to separate,' were those who by a vow either con- 
 
 253. Who were the Holy persons employed in the 
 service of the Tabernacle ? What was the office of the 
 High-priest ? 254. Of the Priests ? And to what family 
 were they confined? 255. What were the duties of 
 the Levites ? What provision was made for them ? 256. 
 Who were the Nethinim ? 257. What is the meaning 
 of Nazarite ? Who were the Nazarites ? 
 
 F
 
 62 IfUMBERS. [Numb. 
 
 secrated themselves to the Lord for a certain niim- 
 ber of days, or a month : or were consecrated by 
 their parents for life. 
 
 258. Types. — In the book of Leviticus, com- 
 parison may be made of the High-Priest of the 
 Jewish, with the High-Priest of the Christian dis- 
 pensation : and the sacrifices offered on the Jewish 
 altar, with the one sacrifice of Christ upon the cross. 
 
 Itumb^r^. 
 
 A. M. 2514. 1490. B. C. 
 
 259. This Book is called "Numbers" from 
 containing an account of the ^numbering,' of the 
 Israelites : and comprises a period of about 38 years ; 
 — from leaving Sinai, to their arrival in the plains 
 of Moab ; the events refer rather to the first^ and 
 last years of this period. 
 
 2G0. This Book describes chiefly the numbering 
 of the Israelites ; the appointment, and consecration 
 of the Levites to the service of the Tabernacle ; the 
 institution of certain Ceremonies, and Offerings ; 
 and the marching to the land of Moab. 
 
 201. Numbering the People. — On the 1st day of 
 the second month Moses numbered the people as 
 God had commanded him, and found they amounted 
 to 003,550 men above 20 years of age, fit for war, 
 exclusive of the Levites. He then arranged them 
 
 258. What comparisons may be made in the book 
 of Leviticus? 259. Why is the book of Numbers so 
 called? AVhat period of time docs it comprise? 260. 
 "What is described in the book of Numbers ? 261. What 
 was the immber of the people ? Whither did they pro- 
 ceed from Mount Sinai ?
 
 B.C. 1490.] THTMBEES. ^3 
 
 according to their several tribes and families, and 
 ai3pointed a 'Prince' to rule over each ; with a 
 particular standard for every division. They now 
 left Mount Sinai on the 20th of the 2nd month of 
 the 2nd year after leaving Egypt, and proceeded 
 towards Kadesh-barnea in the wilderness of Paran, 
 near Canaan. The sons of Gershom, and Merari, 
 bore the Tabernacle ; and the Kohathites carried 
 the Sanctuary. 
 
 262. Pillar of Fire, and of the Cloud.— The whole 
 march of the Israelites was directed by a Pillar 
 as of fire by night, and a Pillar of a cloud by 
 day ; when the Cloud rested upon the Tabernacle 
 they stopped ; when it rose up and moved onward, 
 they proceeded. Niunh. x. 35, 36. 
 
 263. Sins, and Murmurings. — During their journey- 
 ings in the Wilderness of Sin, and Paran, the 
 Israelites committed many sins against God. After 
 leaving Mount Sinai their principal murmurings 
 up to their arrival at Kadesh-Barnea, were : — 
 
 26J.. First. At Taberah.— Here they murmured against 
 the fatigues of their journey. {JS'innb. xi. 1—3.) This 
 God punished by sending forth Jire from heaven, which 
 destroyed great numbers of the people, and the visitation 
 was only stayed by the prayers of Moses. This place was 
 called Taberah. 
 
 265. Second. At Kibroth-Hattaavah. — Here they 
 loathed the Manna supplied them by God, and lusted 
 for flesh (Numb. xi. 4). God by a strong wind sent 
 them quails from the sea in abundance ; but their abuse 
 of this bounty brought down a pestilence among them, 
 which destroyed vast numbers, including the ring-leaders 
 of the tumult : whence the place where they buried 
 them was called Kibroth-hattaavah (the 'graves of lust.') 
 Numb. xi. 31 — 34. 
 
 263. What directed the march of the Israelites? 
 
 263. What were the chief sins and rebellions com- 
 mitted by the Children of Israel, and their punishment? 
 
 264. What did they at Taberah? 265. At Kibroth- 
 hattaavah?
 
 ^4 NUMBEBS. [Numb. xiii. 
 
 266. Seventy Elders. — Moses, experiencing great 
 diificulty in managing the people, the Almighty 
 allowed him to elect Sevanty Elders, to assist 
 him in the government. This is supposed to have 
 been the origin of the great national Council of 
 the Jews, called in futnre times the ^ Sanhedrim.^ 
 The names of two only of this Council are men- 
 tioned, viz. Eldad, and Medad, who although 
 refusing to attend the summons of Moses yet 
 received with the rest the gift of prophecy. Numb. 
 xi. 16, 27 ; Beut. i. 
 
 267. Third. Miriam's Sedition. — Aaron^ and 
 Miriam his sister, on the IsraeUles arriving at Kazeroth^ 
 envied the superiority of Moses in malignant murmur^ 
 ings ; {Numb. ii. 1.); The Lord came down in the 
 'pillar of the cloud;' and after summoning Moses^ 
 Aaron, and Miriam, to the door of the Tabernacle, 
 Miriam, the author of the mischief, was struck with 
 leprosy, and expelled from the camp ; Aaron repented 
 of his folly ; and by the intercession of Moses, God also 
 pardoned Miriam, who was restored after seven days. 
 Numb. xii. 15. 
 
 268. The Land espied. — On aiTiving at Rithmah, 
 or Kadesh-harnea, in the Wilderness of Paran, and 
 close to the soutliern border of Canaan, Moses sent 
 twelve men, one from each tribe, ' to search the 
 land,' and report upon its strength and riches. 
 After forty days they returned, and all confessed 
 to its being a land 'flowing with milk and honey.' 
 But ten of the twelve gave so formidable an ac- 
 count of its giant inhabitants, that the Israelites 
 refused to march into it, and murmured at Moses, 
 and at God. Numb. xiii. 2, 3. 
 
 266. What is supposed to have been the origin of 
 the Jewish "Sanhedrim?" and when was this council 
 appointed ? Which of the elders are specified by name ? 
 2()7. Who was INIiriam ? Of what sin were Aaron, and 
 Miriam guilty ; and what was the consequence ? 208. 
 AVhere was Kadesh-barnca? How many ])crsons were 
 sent to espy the laud of Canaan ? What report did they 
 make?
 
 B.C. 1490.J NUMBERS. 65 
 
 269. Forty-years Wanderings. — Fourth Murmur- 
 ing. God in punishment for this ingratitude determined 
 to exterminate the whole nation : but upon the inter- 
 cession of Moses, He destroyed the ten rebelhous spies 
 with a plague, and condemned the Israelites to wander 
 fort?/ years in the Wilderness, till all above 20 years of 
 age, amounting to 603,550 fit for war, should be dead. 
 Joshua and Caleb the two faithful Spies, who urged the 
 Israelites to make the attempt upon the land, were ex- 
 cepted. Numb, xiv, 29—37. 
 
 270. Fifth Murmuring. Tlie Israelites now re- 
 fused to turn back, and in defiance of God said, ' No, we 
 'loill go up into the land which the Lord hath promised.' 
 A multitude of them set out on the expedition, and as 
 the Lord left them, a body of Amalekites and Canaanites 
 fell upon them, and 'smote them even unto Hormah.' 
 Numb. xiv. 40—45. 
 
 271. Korah's Rebellion. — Sixth Murmuring. 
 KoRAH, Dathain, and Abieam, next excited a rebellion 
 against jNIoses, and Aaron. Korah's party said that all 
 Israel were as holy as Aaeon, and had as much right 
 to the priesthood as he, and his family: while Batlian^ 
 and Ahiram contended that they had a better right than 
 Moses to the leadership of the people. {Numb, xvi.) 
 Moses on hearing this, suppHcated the Almighty to 
 decide these questions. Immediately after, God caused 
 the earth to open and swallow up Dathan, and Abiram^ 
 their company, their tents, and all that they had; while 
 Korah, and the 250 conspirators who bore the censers, 
 were consumed by fire from the Lord. 
 
 272. Seventh Mui^muring. The people on the 
 next day murmured against this punishment; {Numb. 
 xvi. 41.) ; upon which God sent a plague amongst them. 
 Aaron made an atonement before the Lord, and stood 
 between the living and the dead, and the plague was 
 stayed ; yet there perished 14,700 men. 
 
 269. How did God punish the Israelites for refusing 
 to march into Canaan ? How long, and for what reason, 
 were the Jews compelled to wander in the wilderness ? 
 Who were the two faithful spies? 270. With what 
 people did the Israelites first engage in battle? 271. 
 Describe the nature, and consequences of the rebellion 
 of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram ? 272. What were the 
 consequences of this retribution ? 
 
 f2
 
 ^ NUMBI:RS. [Numb. xx. 
 
 273. Aaron's rod budded. — The Almiglity now 
 determined to set at rest the appomtment of the 
 family of Aaron to the priesthood. He commanded 
 a prince of every tribe to cut a rod from a tree, 
 and write upon it the name of his tribe : and 
 these were to be deposited in the Tabernacle until 
 the morrow ; and the Lord said ' the man's rod, 
 whom I shall choose, shall blossom.' On the 
 morrow, Aaron's rod was found to have budded, 
 while the other rods were unaltered ; Aaron'' s rod 
 was then laid up in the 'Ark,' as a memorial of the 
 election of the family of Aaron to the priesthood. 
 B. c. 1471. Numb. xvii. 
 
 274. Miriam's death. — At length after 38 years 
 wandering in the deserts of Arabia Petraea, and 
 Idumcea, the Israelites came to Kadesh in the wil- 
 derness of Zin, near to Edom, where Miriam died, 
 and was buried. She was older than Moses and 
 Aaron ; and was the means of 3foses being nursed 
 by his mother when discovered by Pharaoh's 
 daughter, b. c. 1453. 
 
 275. Rock of Meribah. Eighth Murmuring. — 
 While at Kadesh, the people murmured again for 
 water. Moses was commanded to ' speah unto the 
 rock ;' but thinking possibly that ' speaking ' would 
 not be sufficient, Moses, without direction, ^ smote 
 * the rock, and water came out abundantly.' It was 
 called the water of Meribah (strife), because they 
 'strove with the Lord :' but as Moses, and Aaron 
 assumed to themselves the honour of procuring it 
 from the rock, rather than give the glory to God, 
 they were not permitted to enter the land of 
 Canaan. A similar miracle occurred in Iloreb. 
 Numb. XX. 8 — 12 ; Beut. xxxii. 51 ; Fsal. cvi. 32. 
 
 273. What miracle was performed! on Aaron's rod 
 to confirm his authority? 274. Wlicre were they en- 
 camjjed in the last year of their wanderings? When did 
 Miriam die? 275. Por wliat did they nmrmur at Kadesh? 
 What miracle was performed there ? Why were Moses 
 and Aaron not permitted to enter Canaan? Where had 
 a similar miracle been wrought before?
 
 B.C. 1451.] NUMBERS. 6/ 
 
 276. At Edom. — The Israelites in their march 
 were ordered by God not to disturb the possessions ' of 
 their brethren,' the children of Edom, who were de- 
 scended from EsAU; nor the Moabites, and Ammonifef!, 
 the descendants of Lot, whatever provocation they might 
 give; wherefore, being now in the last year of their 
 wanderings, Moses left Kadesh, and on arriving at Edotn 
 to the south of Palestine, he requested of the king of 
 Edom a peaceable passage through his land; the king 
 refused, and they were therefore compelled to take a 
 tedious circuit, which produced a considerable dissatis- 
 faction. Numb. XX, 14—21. 
 
 277. Aaron's death. — On arriving at Mount Hor 
 in Moab, Aabon by command of God was to be 
 gathered unto his people. Moses having taken off 
 his sacerdotal robes, he put them on Eleazae, the 
 son of Aaron, and invested him with the High- 
 priesthood, as successor to his father; immediately 
 afterwards, Aaeon died, aged 122 years, and Israel 
 mourned for him thirty days. {Numh. xx. 25 — 29.) 
 1451. B. c. 2553. A. M. He had married Elisheba, 
 daughter of Aminadab, by whom he had four sona, 
 Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar. 
 
 278. Israelites attacked. — After the death of 
 Aaron, the Israelites proceeded towards Zalmonah ; 
 were they encountered the Canaanites under Arad^ 
 their king, whom they defeated, and destroyed 
 their cities ; whence the place was called ' HormaW 
 (tUter destruction.) 
 
 279. Ninth Murmuring. Fiery Serpents. — The 
 people now began to murmur because of the length of 
 the loay, as well as from want of better food than manna. 
 {Numb. xxi. 4, 5.) God therefore sent among them fieri/ 
 Serpents which 'bit the people, and much people of 
 * Israel died ;' but having repented and confessed their 
 sin, Moses was commanded to make a Serpent of brass, 
 
 276. What did they at Edom ? 277. What is the 
 manner of Aaron's death ? When did it take place ? and 
 where ? 278. What occurred to the Israelites on their 
 way to Zalmonah ? 279. On what occasion was Moses 
 ordered to make a brazen serpent.' What became of the 
 brazen serpent ?
 
 68 NUMBHES. [Numb. xxii. 
 
 and fix it on a pole, and every sufferer that looked 
 upon it was healed. {Numb. xxi. 4—9.) This brazen 
 Serpent was kept many years, till the people began to 
 worship it; whence Hezekiah destroyed it. (2 Kings 
 xviii. 4.) 
 
 280. A Type. — The healing of their wounds by 
 looking at the Brazen Serpent upon the pole, represents 
 our looking by faith to that Redeemer, who was lifted 
 up on the Cross. This is subsequently mentioned by our 
 Saviour as typical of His crucifixion, when conversing 
 with Nicodemus, {Johnui. 14.) saying, 'And as Moses hfted 
 ' up the Serpent in the Wilderness, even so must the son 
 * of man be lifted up.' 
 
 ^81. Sihon, and Og. — Leaving Zalmonah the 
 Israelites passed through various districts, till they 
 reached the country of Moah ; whence they passed 
 on till they arrived on the other side of the Arnon, 
 on the borders of the Amorites ; here Sihon king 
 of the Amorites made an attack on the Israelites, 
 who repulsed him with much slaughter, and took 
 possession of his territory ; and so likewise did Og, 
 the giant king of Bashan, wdio shared a similar 
 fate : his bedstead was 4| yards long, and 2 yards 
 broad. {Deut. iii.) 
 
 282, Balak, the liing of Moah, with the princes 
 of Midian, alarmed at the progress and power of 
 Israel sent for Balaam the son of Bear, living at 
 Pethor, to curse this people, and he should receive 
 great reward. (Numb, xxii.) b. c. 1452. Balaam^ 
 though forbidden by God, yet was tempted to pro- 
 ceed on his ass, when the angel of the Lord stood 
 in the way, and turned aside the ass, which now 
 miraculously spoke, rebuking his master ; and the 
 Angel said to Balaam, ' Only the word that I shall 
 'speak unto thee, that thou shalt speak.' Numb. 
 xxii. 35. 
 
 280. IIow was the brazen serpent a type of the 
 Messiah? Where is the brazen Serpent subsequently 
 mentioned ? 281. What befel Sihon king of the Amor- 
 ites, and Og king of Bashan ? 282. What is related in 
 Scripture about Balaam, and Balak ?
 
 B. c. 145 1.] NUMBERS. 69 
 
 283. Balaam's prophecy. — Balaam after offering 
 up sacrifices, instead of cursing, blessed the people of 
 Israel ; and prophesied, ' There shall come a star out of 
 'Jacob, and a sceptre shall rise out of Israel, and shall 
 * smite the corners of Moab, and destroy all the childrea 
 'of Sheth.' [Numh. xxiv. 17.) Balaam, however, advised 
 Balak to seduce the people of Israel by means of the 
 women of Moab, and Midian; which succeeded for a 
 short time : but eventually Balaam and Balak perished 
 in battle. 
 
 284. Phineas or Phinehas. — Tenth, and last Mur- 
 muring. — The Israelites were tempted by the Moahitish 
 and Midianitish tvomen into fornication, and idolatry/. 
 {Numh. XXV. 1, 2.) God interposed, and sent a pkgue 
 among them, which destroyed 24,000 souls {ib. 4—9.); 
 and which was only stayed by the pious zeal of Phineas 
 the son of Eleazar, the High-priest, who put to death two 
 of the offenders with his own_ hand {ib. 8.) ; viz. Zimri. 
 a prince of Israel and a Midianitish princess named 
 Cozbi. 
 
 285. People Numbered. — The Israelites were now 
 on the banks of the Jordan, and Moses and Eleazar 
 by the direction of God numbered the people from 
 20 years old, and upwards, and found 601,730 
 capable of bearing arms ; there were none among 
 them that were in the former numbering at Mount 
 Sinai, except Joshua and Caleb ; all the rest hav- 
 ing died in the wilderness, as God had decreed. 
 Numb. xxxi. 
 
 286. Last acts of Moses. — Moses now informed 
 by God of his approaching death, ascended Moiuit 
 Abarim that he might view the Promised Land. 
 He then appointed Joshua to be the future leader 
 of the Israelites. Moses was next directed to ex- 
 tirpate the Midianites : 1000 Israelites from each 
 
 2S3. Quote his prophecy of the star of Jacob, What 
 advice did he give to Balak ? 284. How were the 
 Israelites punished for yielding to the seductions of the 
 Midianitish women ? What did Phineas? 285. What 
 did Moses, and Eleazar on arriving at the banks of the 
 Jordan ? 286. What were the last acts of Moses' life ? 
 What became of Balaam, and Balak? and the Midianites ?
 
 70 NUMBEES. [Numb, xxxl 
 
 tribe under the command of Joshua, marched 
 against them, and 'slew the kings of Midian,' 
 Balak amongst the number ; and Balaam also, the 
 son of Beor, b. c. 1451-2. (Numb. xxxi. 8.) They 
 gained an immense booty, and took possession of 
 the land of Gilead, on the east bank of the Jordan. 
 
 287. land Apportioned. — Moses now apportioned 
 to the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and half of Manasseh, 
 the whole of the eastern side of the Jordan, 
 {Numb, xxxii.), but on condition that they should 
 assist the other tribes in conquering the land of 
 Canaan. Moses then gave additional instructions, 
 and directed how the Canaanites were to be de- 
 stroyed, and the country divided. After this, he 
 gave to the Levites, instead of land, Forty-eight 
 Cities; six of which were to be Cities of Refuge. 
 And lastly, repeated the laws, which he had before 
 delivered, and which compose the following Book 
 of Deuteronomy. 
 
 288. The six Cities of Refuge were apportioned to 
 protect those who accidentally killed a man, so that they 
 might have time to prepare their defence, and be brought 
 legally to trial before the kinsmen of the deceased should 
 pursue and kill them. (Numb. xxxv. 2. 12.) The roads to 
 these Cities were kept in good repair ; and all cross-roads 
 had a directing post on which was written, '■Refuge' so 
 large, * that they who run might read.' There were iJiree 
 on each side of the river Jordan :— 
 
 On the JEast side .— Bezer, Golan, Ramoth-Gilead. 
 
 On the West side : — Kadesh, Hebron, formerly Kirjath- 
 
 arha, and Shechem, Josh. xx. 7, 8. 
 
 289. Book of the Wars. — In the course of the 
 Book of Numbers, Moses makes allusion to ' The Book 
 of the Wars of the Lord' (in Numb. xxi. 14.). Many 
 think it implies cither the Book of Numbers^ or of 
 
 287. Why did Beuben and Gad have the eastern side 
 of Jordan? and on what conditions? What cities were 
 given to the tribe of Levi? 288. What was the object 
 of the Cities of Refuge? How many were there? 289. 
 What is ' The Book of the Wars of the Lord/ alluded to 
 by Moses in the Book of Numbers?
 
 B.C. I45I.] 2^umbi:es. 71 
 
 Joshua, or of ihe Judges ; or a Book written by Moses, 
 giving private directions to Joshua how he was to proceed 
 in the Wars of the Lord, when he conquered Canaan ; 
 and which is referred to in Exod. xvii. 14. 
 
 2553. A. M. 1451. B. C. 
 
 290. The Book of Deuteronomy. — This is the 
 fifth, and last book of the Pentateuch, and takes it 
 name from two Greek words, 'deuteros' Second, and 
 ' nomos ' a Laio, denoting a repetition of the Law made 
 by Moses to the new generation of Israehtes. It com- 
 prises a period of nearly two months. 
 
 291. Its contents. — This Book was written by 
 Moses in the plains of Moab, a short time before his 
 death ; and contains a narrative of the promises and 
 providences of God, with a brief recapitulation of the 
 general history related in the preceding books ; — also 
 a repetition of the chief parts of the Law ; and the con- 
 cluding daJ^s of Moses. 
 
 292. Christ predicted. — After referring to 'past 
 transactions, and exhorting the Israelites to bear in 
 memory God's merciful dealings with them, and to be 
 henceforward obedient to his commands, Moses utters 
 a most remarkable prediction of Christ {chap, xviii. 
 15—18.). The Lord God said to 3Ioses 'I will raise 
 *them up a Prophet from among their brethren like 
 •unto thee, and will put my words in his mouth; and 
 * he shall speak unto them all that I shall command him.' 
 Moses then re-iterated the most important portions of 
 the Law, and made such alterations and additions as 
 their change of cir(mmstances required ; he predicted also 
 the corruptions of the people ; the subsequent calamities 
 
 290. Wliy is this Book called Deuteronomy ? What 
 period of time does it embrace? 291. When was it 
 written ? and what does it contain ? 292. What most 
 remarkable prediction occurs in Deuteronomy respect- 
 ing Christ ? What did Moses predict respecting the 
 Israehtes ?
 
 72 di:uti:ronomt, [Deut?. 
 
 on account of their disobedience and infidelity: and 
 the horrors of the Assyrian, Babylonian, and Roman 
 captivities. Beiit. xxviii. 
 
 293. The Law, and the Song of Moses. — Moses 
 also delivered the ' Book of the Law ' he had written to 
 the Levites, oommanding them to place it in the side of 
 the Ark of the Covenant, and that it should be publicly 
 read every seventh, or Sabbatical Year, at the Feast of 
 Tabernacles : after which, he wrote the memorable Sonff, 
 composing the >xxii. chapter, which he directed to 'be 
 taught to all Israel.' 
 
 294. Death of Moses. — Moses now delivered a 
 farewell address, and, after blessing the people, was per- 
 mitted by God to take a view of the Land of Canaan from 
 Mount Nebo, even the top of Pisriah {Dent, xxxii. 52.) ; 
 this was denied to Aaron on account of his seconding the 
 rebellion o? Miriam. Here 3Ioses soon after died, at the 
 age of 120 years ; and the children of Israel mourned 
 for him thirti/ daps ; (Bent, xxxiv. 7» 8. 10.)— 1451. B.C. 
 2553. A. M. ' And God buried him in a valley in the land 
 of Moab, over against Bethpeor but no man knoweth of 
 his sepulchre unto this day.' Deut. xxxiv. 6. 
 
 295. Type. — Moses in some measure was a 
 type of the lledeemer. As a leader, he delivered the 
 Israelites from Egyi)tian s^lavery, as Christ delivers his 
 people from the bondage of Satan : as a legislator he gave 
 them laws for their comfort and well-being, as the Gospel 
 is for our eternal happiness ; and as a 'prophet, he fore- 
 shadowed the Promised Land, as our Lord points out the 
 Heavenly Canaan. 
 
 %\t Ipbtekul §0.oIiS. 
 
 296. The Historical Books are twelve in number, 
 extending from Joshua to Esther inclusive, and 
 comprise a period of 103] years, viz. — from the 
 death of Mosc6l451. b, c. to the reformation effected 
 
 293. Where did Moses deposit the ' Law ? ' and what 
 did he command rcsiiccting it ? 294. Where, and when, 
 and at what age, did Moses die ? From what point did he 
 pce the Promised land ? why was this denied to Aaron ? 
 295. In what way is Moses typical of our Lord ? 296. What
 
 B. c. 1451.] HISTORICAL BOOKS. 73 
 
 by Nehemiah, after the return from Babylon ; 
 about 420. b. c. 
 
 297. Their contents. — Tliey give a history of 
 the Israelites under Judges ; under Kings as an 
 united nation ; under Kings as a divided nation, 
 2 tribes forming the kingdom of Judah, and 10 
 tribes, that of Israel ; and likewise, the Captivity 
 of Babylon ; and their subsequent restoration. 
 
 298. The Judges. — There were 14 Judges, who 
 were raised up under extraordinary circumstances 
 to govern the Israelites, after the death of Joshua, 
 1443. B. c. 
 
 Of these Judges, the chief were : 
 
 1. Othniel, who delivered the Israelites from 
 their servitude under Cushan. 
 
 2. Ehud, who delivered them from the Moo- 
 bites. 
 
 3. Shamgar, who kiUed 600 Philistines with 
 an ox goad. 
 
 4. Deborah, and Barak, who conquered 
 Sisera, and the Canaanites. 
 
 5. Gideon, who slew the Midianites. 
 
 6. Jephthah, who conquered the Ammonites, 
 and made the rash vow. 
 
 7. Samson, distinguished for his strength, and 
 his victories over the Philistines. 
 
 8. Eli, who was punished for the wickedness 
 of his sons. 
 
 9. Samuel, who was the last and most up- 
 right of the judges. 
 
 299. Kings. — After the Judges, the nation 
 continued united under three Kings, who each 
 reigned 40 years. 
 
 period do the Historical Books comprise ? 297. What 
 varied circumstances of the Israelites are detailed in the 
 Historical Books ? 298. How many Judges were there ? 
 "Who were the most distinguished Judges ; and on what 
 account? 299. Under what kings did the nation remain
 
 74 JOSHUA. ' [Josh. 
 
 1095. B, c. Saul, king, reigned 40 years. 
 
 1055. B. c, David, king, 40 — 
 
 1015. B. c. Solomon, king, 40 
 
 300. Kingdom Divided.— After the death of Solo- 
 mon, ten tribes revolted, and formed the Kingdom 
 of Israel, which had 19 kings, and the tivo remain- 
 ing tribes formed the Kingdon of Judah, which 
 had 20 kings. Israel lasted 254 years, from 975. b. c. 
 to 721. B. c. ; and Judah lasted 388 years, from 
 975. B. c. to 588. B. c. 
 
 I S Ij It a, 
 2553. A. M. 1451. B. C. 
 
 301. The Book of ' Joshua ' is so called, because 
 it narrates the acts of Joshua, the successor of Moses : 
 it comprises a period of about 20 or 30 years. 
 
 302. This I3ook describes the occupation of Canaan 
 by the IsraeUtes; the division of the conquered land; 
 and Joshua's death and burial. 
 
 303. Joshua was the son of Nun, and of the tribe 
 of Ephraira, born about B.C. 1536.; his name originally 
 was Rosea or Oshea, 'a saviour,' which Moses changed to 
 Jekoshuah, the 'salvation of God,' hence Joshua, and 
 * Jesus.' Wlien in the wilderness, he routed the army of 
 the Amalekites {Exod. xvii. 9.) ; and was one of the 
 Deputies sent to view tlie Promised Land : Ms and Caleb's 
 confidence in the promises of God permitted them alone 
 
 undivided ? What was the duration of each reign ? 
 300. After the death of Solomon how was the kingdom 
 divided ? How long did the kingdom of Judah, and 
 Israel last ? 301. Why is the book of Joshua so called? 
 What period is included in the book of Joshua ? 302. 
 What IS described in the book of Joshua? 303. What 
 is known of the early life of the successor of Moses?
 
 B.C. 1451.] JOSEUA, 75 
 
 to outlive the 40 years wanderings, and enter Canaan. 
 At the death of Moses, Joshua was appointed by Divine 
 direction his successor. {Numb, xxvii. 18.) ; Josh. i. 5. 
 
 304, Jericho espied. — Joshua began by leading 
 the IsraeUtes to the shores of the Jordan, on the eastern 
 side of Canaan ; where God promised him that in three 
 days he should pass the river. He sent two spies into 
 Jericho to ascertain the strength of the city: but they 
 were discovered, and escaped only by Eahab concealing 
 them on the roof of her house and covering them with 
 the stalks of flax, and afterwards letting them down from 
 a window over the city walls ; in return for the woman's 
 kindness, they directed her 'to bind a line of scarlet 
 'thread in the window' that they might recognize the 
 house, and protect her and her family. Josh. ii. 18 ; 
 Jas. ii, 25. 
 
 305, Passage of the Jordan. — Joshua now com- 
 manded the Priests bearing the ' Ar/c of the Covenant to 
 go m advance of the whole body, and the people to follow 
 at about 1000 yards distance : as soon as the feet of the 
 Priests bearing the Ark touched the water, the Jordan 
 separated, and left a dry passage for the people to pass. 
 The Priests remained with the Ark in the middle of the 
 river, till all had gone over ; a man from each tribe then 
 took a stone from the place where the Priests' feet stood, 
 and set it up at Gilgal, where they lodged that night, ' as 
 a memorial unto the children of Israel for ever.' JosHUA. 
 also set up twelve stones in the midst of Jordan, where 
 the feet of the Priests stood : and they are there unto 
 this day. The 'Ark of the Lord' was the last to pass 
 over : and immediately afterwards the waters of the river 
 rolled on in their usual course. The Israelites encamped 
 in Gilgal, opposite Jericho. This event occurred 1451. 
 B, C. 2553. A. M. Josh, iv, 19. 
 
 306, While at Gilgal, God commanded the rite of 
 Circumcision to be renewed ; the Passover also, which had 
 been omitted from the day when it was performed the 
 second time at Sinai, was likewise kept. On the following 
 
 304. On what side of Canaan did the IsraeHtes enter ? 
 "Who led them ? Through what river, and opposite to 
 what city did the Israelites enter Canaan ? Who con- 
 cealed the spies sent by Joshua, where were they hidden, 
 and by what token was the house to be known when 
 the city was taken ? 305. Describe the passage of the 
 Israelites over Jordan. When was it effected? 306. 
 What did the Israelites at Gilgal? and what supply ceased ?
 
 1^ JOSHUA. [Josh. vi. 
 
 day, the supply of Manna ceased, and the people obtained 
 food from the ordinary sources. Shortly after, the Divine 
 Being in the form of an Angel appeared to JosMa, de- 
 claring himself ' Captain of the Host of the Lord ;' and 
 after reassuring him of the protection of God, directed 
 him in what way the city of Jericho was to be assaulted. 
 {ib. V. 13.). 
 
 307. Jericho taken. — The first city attacked by 
 Joshua was JericJw, situated about 20 miles N. e. from 
 Jerusalem, and 6 from the Jordan {Josh, xviii. 21.) ; it 
 was taken by the intervention of God, who commanded 
 them once a day for six days to march with the Ark com- 
 pletely round the city, preceded by seven Priests, bearing 
 seven trumpets of rams' horns ; and on the seventh day, 
 to march round seven times, blowing the trumpets. 
 While the trumpets were sounding, and the people 
 shouting, the walls fell flat down, and every man entered 
 the city ' straight before him.' Josh. vi. 20. 
 
 308. Jericho destroyed. — The city with its in- 
 habitants and treasures (except the ^old, silver, iron, and 
 brass, which were to be consecrated to the Lord), were 
 utterly destroyed ; Bahab, and her family, were excepted, 
 because she had at the hazard of her life, protected the 
 messengers sent by Joshua to view the city. {Josh. vi. 
 21—26.). 1451. B.C. 
 
 309. The Curse. — Jericho was forbidden to be 
 rebuilt, for Joshua said, — 'Cursed be the man before the 
 'Lord that riseth up, and buildeth this city Jericho : he 
 ' shall lay the foundation thereof in his first-born, and in 
 ' his youngest son shall he set up the gates of it.' {Josh. 
 vi. 26.). This denunciation was fulfilled in the reign of 
 Ahab, (about 900. B. c.) upon Hiel, the Bethel -ite, who 
 ventured to rebuild it. (1 Kiugs xvi. 34.). He lost his 
 first-born, Abiram, at the beginning of the work, the rest 
 of the children during the progress of it, and the young- 
 est, Segub, when he had finished it. 
 
 310. Achan. — The Israelites next marched against 
 Ai, a city near Bethel, Joshua sent 3000 men ; but 
 
 307. What city was taken first by the Israelites on 
 their entrance into Canaan, and by what means ? and 
 where was it situated? 308. AVhat befel the city and 
 its inhabitants? 309. When, and in whom, was the 
 curse pronounced on him who should rebuild Jericho 
 fulfilled ? 310. Account for the reverses Israel met with 
 at the siege of Ai?
 
 B.C. 145 1.] JOSHUA. 77 
 
 God suffered 36 of them to be slain, and the rest to be put 
 to flight. Joshua and the elders of Israel supplicated 
 God, who graciously answered that one of the people had 
 sinned by taking of the spoil of Jericho, and till he 
 should be discovered and punished the Almighty would 
 abandon them. Joshua proceeded instantly to investigate 
 the matter by casting lots; the offender was discovered 
 in the person of Achan, who had taken a Babylonish 
 garment, 200 shekels of silver, and a wedge of gold, which 
 he confessed to have concealed in his tent. Achan and 
 his family were immediately put to death, upon which 
 God pardoned the Israelites, and Joshua proceeded once 
 more against Ai. 
 
 311. Ai taken. — Joshua now sent a much larger 
 force, with an additional 5,000 to lay in ambush. Joshua 
 counterfeiting a flight, drew the men of Ai out of the 
 city; upon which the Israelites in ambush rushed in, and 
 burnt the city to the ground : 12,000 men of Ai were slain, 
 and the King hanged, but the cattle and the spoil were 
 apportioned amongst the Israelites. After the victory, 
 Joshua retired to Mount I^hal, where he raised an altar 
 unto the Lord. Deut. xxvii. 4, 5. 26 ; Josh, vii. ; viii. 1 — 32. 
 
 312. The Gibeonites. — The Ccmaanites now united 
 together against the Israelites, but the Gibeonites, a tribe 
 of the Hivites, refused to join them. They deceived 
 Joshua into a private treaty of peace, as a people dwelling 
 heyond Canaan ; they came to him with ' old sacks upon 
 
 • their asses, and wine bottles, old and rent, and bound 
 
 • up ; and old shoes upon their feet, and old garments upon 
 
 • them ; and all the bread of their provision was dry and 
 
 • mouldy,' all which had arisen 'by reason of their long 
 •journey.' Joshua, not staying to ask counsel of God, 
 immediately granted them their lives; but when the 
 falsehood of their story was discovered, Joshua kept his 
 promise, yet confiscated their possessions, and made them 
 heioers of wood, and drawers of xcater for the Congrega- 
 tion, and for the House of the Lord. {Josh. ix.). 
 
 313. The Confederate Kings. — Adonizedeh, king 
 of Jerusalem, and his four allies, immediately afterwards 
 
 311. By what stratagem did Joshua take Ai? 312. 
 By what stratagem did the Gibeonites escape destruction, 
 and what was the fate eventually decreed to them ? 
 313. How were the king of Jerusalem, and his four alhes 
 overcome? VVhit Miracle was performed on this day ? 
 
 G2
 
 7^ JOSHUA. [Josh. XV. 
 
 made an attack on the Gileonites. Joshua hastened to 
 their relief, and received miraculous assistance from God, 
 \vho cast great hailstones from heaven against the Canaan- 
 ite army ; by which a larger number died than by the 
 sword of the Israelites. {Josh. x. 10, 11.). And to enable 
 Joshua to continue in pursuit, the Sun and Moon mira- 
 culously stood still for 12 or li hours, till the Israelites 
 overcame their enemies, and took them prisoners. 
 
 314. The five Kings fled, and were discovered 
 concealed in a cave at Makkedah. Joshua, and the 
 captains of Israel, led them forth, and having put their 
 feet on their necks, slew them, and hanged them on five 
 trees before the Lord. Josh. x. 12—26. 
 
 315. Further Conquests. — Joshua after this 
 brilliant victory, took possession of Libnah, Lachish, 
 Gezer, Eglon, Hebron, and Debir, and became master of 
 the whole of the south of Canaan from Gibeon to Kadesh- 
 barnea. He next marched against the countries in the 
 north to oppose a more formidable combination of those 
 ■who were united under Jabin, King of Hazor. Joshua 
 proved successful; and in seven years he had subdued 
 31 kings, ruling over the seven nations of Canaan west of 
 Jordan; viz: — 
 
 The Amoeites. Hivites, or Rephaims. 
 
 Canaanites. Jebusites. 
 
 GlEGASHITES. PeEIZZITES. 
 
 HiTTiTES. See Josh. xii. 
 
 316. After these conquests, Joshua with Eleazar 
 the High Priest, and the Princes of the Twelve Tribes, 
 get about the ' Division of the Land' by lot among the 
 nine and a half Tribes not yet a])portioned. (Josh. xiv. 1.) 
 
 SIT. Caleb, the son of Jephunneh of the tribe of 
 Judah, now applied to Joshua for the fulfilment of the 
 ))romise of Moses, that he should have the territory of 
 Hebron as his inheritance; this was immediately granted 
 to him, and he at once i)rocccded to eject its present 
 occupiers. He overcame the three sons of Anak, then 
 
 314. What befel the conquered kings? 315. How 
 long was Joshua conquering the nations of Canaan ? 
 How many, and what, were the nations of Canaan ? 
 31(). "Who set about dividing the land? 317. What was 
 Caleb's portion ? Who, and what, wore the sons of 
 Anak ? What were the nations east of Jordan ?
 
 B. c. 1450.] JOSHUA. 79 
 
 living in Hebron, men of immense stature and prowess, 
 and held in great terror by their neighbours. After this, 
 Caleb oflfered his daughter Achsah to him who would 
 smite Kirjath-sepher (Debir) ; Othniel, the son of 
 Kenaz his brother, at once assaulted the city, captured it, 
 and obtained the proffered reward. {Josh. xv. 16, 17.). 
 The possessions of Caleb were within the limits of the 
 tribe of Judah, whose lot was now apportioned ; and then 
 the inheritance of the tribe of Mphraim, and of the 
 remaining half of Manasseh, the sons of Joseph. {Josh, 
 xvi; xvii.). 
 
 318. Tabernacle set up. — The Tabernacle was now 
 set up in Shiloh as a sign of rest to the people, 1445. B.C. 
 {Josh, xviii.); which was in accordance with the com- 
 mand of God {Deut. xii. 10, 11.). This proceeding was in 
 honor of Joshua, and partly for the convenience of the 
 several tribes; being in the centre of them. Here the 
 * Ark' remained 350 years till it was taken by the Philis- 
 tines in the time of Eli. (1 Sam. iv. 11.). 
 
 319. Land divided. — Seven tribes were still un- 
 provided for; yet they were allotted to portions of the 
 country not yet conquered. The tribe of Levi, having 
 been appropriated to the service of religion, had no land 
 assigned to them ; but 48 cities were granted them to 
 dwell in, with the tithes of the whole land for a mainten- 
 ance. {Numb, xviii.). The entire country was divided 
 among the twelve tribes in twelve lots, the descendants of 
 Joseph forming the two tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh, 
 who had each a portion. The twelve Divisions were as 
 follow. On the Eastern side of the Jordan, were the 
 tribes of Reuben on the south. Gad, in the middle. 
 Half of Manasseh, on the north. 
 
 On the Westeen side of the Jordan were— 
 
 Judah, to the south of the Dead Sea. 
 
 Si^neon, to the south also, with the Mediterranean 
 Sea on the west, and Judah on the east. 
 
 Dan to the north of Simeon, but subsequently when 
 dispossessed of a portion by the Amorites, this tribe 
 seized Leshem (Laish), called Dan, and afterwards Faneas, 
 and Ccesarea Fhilippi. Josh. xix. 47. 
 
 318. Where, and by whose authority, was the Taber- 
 nacle set up at Shiloh ? How long did it remain at 
 Shiloh ? 319. Which tribe had a peculiar and distinct 
 inheritance ? What provision was made for the Levites ? 
 Into how many portions was the Land of Canaan divided ?
 
 80 JOSHUA. [Josh. xiii. 
 
 Benjamin to the north of Judah. 
 
 Ephraim, north of the two last, and extending from 
 the Mediterranean to the Jordan. 
 
 Half of Manasseh (the second) north of Ephraim. 
 
 Issachar, to the north and east of the half of 
 Manasseh, along the Jordan. 
 
 Zebulun north of Issachar, with a part of Asher on 
 the west, 
 
 Asher along the Mediterranean, and the most north- 
 ern of the twelve portions, having Naphtali on the east, 
 
 Naphtali, having Asher on the west, and the little 
 Jordan on the east. Josh, x, 
 
 320. Unconquered Portions, — Joshua had for his 
 inheritance the city of Timnaili-Serah (or Heres) in 
 Monnt Ephraim, {Josh. xix. 60.). But parts of the 
 country were allowed by the Almighty to remain un- 
 conquered^ in order to prove the Israelites, ' whether they 
 would hearken to the commandments of the Lord,' such 
 as the countries of the Philistines, Geshurites, Canaanites, 
 Sidoniaus, and others, with the five lords of the Philis- 
 tines, the Gazathites, Ashdothites, Ashkalonites, Gittites, 
 Ekronites. {Josh, xiii, 26.). 
 
 321. The Eastern Tribes dismissed. — Joshua now 
 summoned the Reubenites^ Gadites, and half tribe of 
 Manasseh, whose portions were on the Eastern side of 
 the Jordan; and after commending their integrity in 
 fulfilling the pledge they had given to assist their brethren 
 in the war, he blessed them, and sent them home to their 
 families with a share of the spoils. 
 
 322. Joshua's Death, — Joshua now assembled 
 the chief men of Israel, exhorting them to a faithful 
 obedience to the Divine will so as to merit his protection 
 and support. After a short period he again addressed 
 them at Shechem, and spoke more at large of the past 
 mercies and deliverances of Jehovah, The people having 
 pledged themselves to a strict obedience, Joshua dis- 
 missed them, and shortly after died, aged 110 years. 
 (1443. B.C.; some say in 142G,). He appointed no suc- 
 
 Account for the number. How was the divisions of the 
 Land of Canaan made among the Children of Israel ? 
 Give the names of the tribes, 320. Why were they not 
 allowed to drive out all the inhabitants? Who were 
 left ? 321, Which of the tribes were on the East of 
 Jordan ? 322. When did Joshua die ?
 
 B. c. 1443-26.] JUDGES. 8 1 
 
 cesser ; and he was buried in his inheritance on Mount 
 Ephraim. (Josh, xxiii. xxiv.). 
 
 323. Eleazar, the son of Aaron, also died about 
 this time, and was buried in the portion of Phinehas his 
 son in Mount Ephraim. And the io7ies of Joseph, 
 which the children of Israel had brought up out of Egypt, 
 were buried in the parcel of ground which Jacob bought 
 of the sons of Haraor, the father of Shechem. (Josh, xxiv.) 
 
 324. Joshua's Miracles. — During the command 
 of Joshua, the Miracles performed by the Almighty in 
 behalf of the Israelites were : — 
 
 1. A dry passage through the Jordan. Josh. iii. 16. 
 
 2. The fall of the walls of Jericho, ib. vi. 20. 
 
 3. The hail stones against the five kings, ib. x. 11. 
 
 4. The sun and moon stand still, ib. x, 12. 
 
 5. The hornets against the Canaanites. ib. xxiv. 12. 
 
 325. Princes of the people. — After Joshua's death, 
 each tribe chose a Prince or J^lder to govern them, 
 according to the appointment of Moses, {Exod. xviii.; 
 Beut. i. 13; Josh, xxiv.); and they formed separate com- 
 munities independent of each other. 
 
 326. Type. — Joshua must be considered as a 
 prominent type of Christ : he was originally named Osea^ 
 or Eosea, which denotes a ' Saviour ' in hope, — but Moses, 
 adding to it the name of God, Jah, changed it to Jehosua^ 
 or Joshua, which denotes a 'Saviour' in assurance; — 
 and he is called by St Luke, and in Ecclesiasticus, 'Jesus;* 
 a name of the same meaning. 
 
 2578. A. M. 1426. B. c. 
 
 32V. Judges. — This book derives its name from 
 the account it gives of the Israelites under the govern- 
 ment of 13 Judges, after the death of Joshua; from 
 1426. B.C. to 1117. B.C. 
 
 323. When Eleazar ? 324. What Miracles attended 
 the Israelites under Joshua ? 325. By whom were the 
 people of Israel governed after the death of Joshua? 
 326. How is Joshua a type of Christ? 327. Whence 
 does the book of Judges derive its name ? What period 
 of time is included in the book of Judges ?
 
 82 JUDGES. [Judg. iii. 
 
 328. The authority of the Judges did not extend 
 over all Israel, but was limited to a certain district or 
 country : and the Lord ' ^cas toith the Judge.' 
 
 329. Contents. — The prophet Samuel is said to 
 have written this Book. It contains the history of the 
 Israelites after the death of Joshua, and while under the 
 government of Elders; and relates the introduction of 
 Idolatry among the Israelites; their consequent oppres- 
 sions as a punishment; and their deliverance by the 
 Judfies. 
 
 330. First Proceedings. — After the death of 
 Joshua, the Israelites in separate tribes ; each under its 
 individual head, or ' Prince of the people,' prosecuted the 
 conquest of Canaan. Their first proceeding was to en- 
 quire of the Lord at Shiloh — ' Who shall go up for us 
 against the Canaanites first?' The Lord by Urini and 
 Thummim answered, — ' Judah shall go up, behold I have 
 * delivered the land into his hand,' {Judg. i. 2.) Judah 
 however distrusting the promise united with Simeon^ 
 and began by advancing against Adoni-hezek, whom 
 they pursued to Jerusalem ; burnt the city, and de- 
 prived Adoni-hezek of his thumbs and great toes, by 
 way of punishment for having done the same to 70 
 petty Kings that had fallen under his power. Judah's 
 successes were confined to the mountain districts; the 
 Canaanites in the valley were too strong for him. The 
 tribe then assisted Simeon. The other tribes also went 
 to war, but they obtained so little success, that instead 
 of driving out the Canaanites, they preferred the easier 
 task of making them tributary. Tliis brought a rebuke 
 from the Lord at Bochim^ which led the Israelites to 
 repent, yet they soon relapsed into their former negli- 
 gence; and even 'forsook the Lord, and served Baal and 
 Ashtaroth? 
 
 331. Baal, Bal^ Bel, Belus, <fec. signifies 'Lord,* 
 or * Master,' and was a term applied generally by the 
 heathens to the 'SuN;' while the 'Moon' was known 
 under the name of ' Ashtarolh.' They worshipped these 
 deities in shady groves, which gave rise to the expression 
 — 'serving Balaam and the groves.' Judg. iii. ?•). 
 
 328. What was the authority of the Judges? 329. 
 Who is the author of this book ? What docs it contain ? 
 ^30. What events immediately succeeded the death of 
 Joshua ? 33L What do you know of Baal ?
 
 B.C.I406.] JUDGES. 83 
 
 332. Micah's Idolatry. — After the division of the 
 Land, the first departure of the IsraeUtes from the correct 
 worship of God was when Micah of Mount Ephraim (as 
 related at the end of the Book o{ Judges — Judg. xvii — xxi.) 
 made an image of silver in order to establish worship at 
 home, so as to be saved the trouble of visiting the Taber- 
 nacle at Shiloh at the times required by the Law; he had 
 an ei)hod and teraphim, as representations of the Ark 
 and the Cherubim, and consecrated one of his sons, who 
 became his priest. {Judg. xvii. 5.) But it is not said that 
 Micah. actually abandoned the worship of the true God. 
 Shortly after, Micah appointed a Levite, named Jonathan, 
 to officiate as his priest {ib. 10), who subsequently was 
 compelled by the Danites to carry off unknown to Micah 
 'the ephod, the teraphim, and the graven images,' and go 
 with them to Laish, which they rebuilt, and called it 
 Dan; where they worshipped God afler their own idola- 
 trous fashion for many generations, independently of the 
 Tabernacle at Shiloh. {Judg. xviii.) 
 
 333. Teraphim were a kind of images, and are 
 thought to have resembled the Cherubim at the entrance 
 of the Garden of Eden, or those of the Mercy-seat. But 
 the subject is involved in great obscurity. We read of 
 Laban's Teraphim ( Gen. xxxi ; xxxv. 2.) ; of those of 
 Micah {Judg. xvii; xviii.), and of Michal, David's wife 
 (1 Sam.xvs.. 13; see also EzeJc. xxi. 21;) as memorials of 
 deceased ancestors ; and they were everywhere stepping 
 stones to idolatry. 
 
 334. The Levite's wrong. — The next proceeding 
 indicative of the growing degeneracy of the Israelites was 
 the case of the Levite of Mount Ephraim. The wife of 
 this Levite, after behaving with gross impropriety, had 
 returned to her father's house in Bethlehem-judah, and 
 her husband went to bring her home. But night over- 
 taking them, they stayed at Gibeah of Benjamin. Here 
 they had scarcely found a lodging, before the people 
 assaulted the house, and dragged the woman away. After 
 the most disgraceful ill-treatment, she escaped, and ou 
 reaching the house wiiere her husband lodged, she fell 
 dead on the threshold. The Levite deeply afflicted placed 
 the dead-body on his ass, and hastened home. {Judg. xix.) 
 
 332. What was the idolatry of Micah.' 333. What 
 were the Teraphim ? 334. What was the Levite's 
 wrong related in Judges ?
 
 ^4 JUDG:ES. [Judg. iii. 
 
 335. The Benjamites' punishment. — The Levite 
 impelled by revenge sent a part of the corpse of his wife 
 to each tribe, accompanied by an exciting tale of his 
 wrongs. All Israel assembled at Mizpeh; and after hear- 
 ing a full account of the circumstances, they required the 
 Benjamites to deliver up the offenders to punishment; 
 but they refused, upon which the Tribes immediately 
 attacked and slew 25,000 Benjamites with the women and 
 children : leaving but 600 men alive, so that the tribe of 
 Benjamin was almost extirpated. {Judg. xx ; xxi.). 
 
 336. First oppression. — The Israelites began now 
 to form the most intimate alliances with the surrounding 
 nations, and to prefer the filthy abominations of their 
 idolatry to the pure worship of the great Jehovah : so 
 that * The anger of the Lord was hot against Israel, and 
 *he delivered them into the hands of spoilers that spoiled 
 'them.' The first affliction was under Cushan-rishathaim^ 
 king of Mesopotamia, who enslaved them for 8 years ; but 
 from their earnest prayers, God raised up Othniel son of 
 Kenaz, Caleb's younger brother, to be their leader. He 
 was the first of the Judges {Judg. iii. 9 — 11.), and restored 
 the Israelites to liberty, and established peace for forty 
 years. 1405. b. c. 
 
 337. One or other of the tribes of Israel fre- 
 quently relapsed into the grossest wickedness and idolatry, 
 and were as often oppressed by the neighbouring nations, 
 whom God strengthened for the purpose of their punish- 
 ment. On the death of Othniel the eastern tribes trans- 
 gressed, when ' the Lord strengthened Eglon the king 
 *'of Moab against Israel.' B. c. 1343. 
 
 338. This Second oppression, under Eglon king of 
 Moab, lasted 18 years, and was very severe. Israel, 
 humbled and afflicted, cried unto God, who raised up 
 Ehud, a Beujamite, to be their Judge. He was a left- 
 handed man, and availing himself of this circumstance 
 when taking the usual tribute to Eglon, he slew the king, 
 and hastily gathering his forces, put to slaughter 10,000 
 Moabites. Thus rescued, Israel enjoyed 80 years repose. 
 {Judy. iii. 12—30.). 
 
 335. "What was the punishment of the Benjamites? 
 330. Who first in Canaan enslaved the Israelites ia 
 
 Sunishment for their idolatry ? Who was the first of the 
 udges to restore them to liberty ? Who was Othniel ? 
 337. Bid the Israelites often fall into Idolatry ? 338. 
 W hat was their second oppression, and who relieved them ?
 
 B.C. 1285.] JUDGES. 85 
 
 339. Shamgar, — During the time of Ehud, the 
 southern Tribes suffered irom the incursions of the 
 Philistines. God raised up a dehverer in the person of 
 Shamgar, the son of Anath, who drove out these op- 
 pressors, and slew 600 men with an ox-goad. B. c. 1325. 
 {Jud'j. iii. 31). 
 
 340. The Philistines were a people from Egypt, 
 who settled themselves along the sea-coast, after driving 
 out the Avims, the original possessors; their territory 
 comprised five lordships, called after their chief towns; — 
 Ekron, Oath, AsJcelon, Ashdocl, and Gaza. From them 
 the country acquired the Greek name of Palestine. 
 
 341. The Third oppression. — After the death of 
 Ehud, the Israelites again relapsing into idolatry, Jabin 
 king of the Canaanites about Hazor, was permitted to 
 afflict them 20 years. B. c. 1305. Deborah a prophetess, 
 the wife of Lapidoth, now arose as Judge. She sent for 
 Barak, the son of Abinoam, out of Kadesh-naphtali : and 
 directed him to march against the enemy; but he refused 
 to go unless Deborah would accompany him. Deborah 
 assented, but declared that the honour of the victory 
 would be taken from him ; for that Sisera would fall by 
 the hand of Jael, the wife of Heber, the Kenite, of the 
 posterity of Jethro. 
 
 342. Barak collected 10,000 men of the tribes 
 of Zebulun and Naphtali, and marched to Mount Tabor 
 against Sisera, the commander of the forces of Jabin. 
 After a fierce encounter, the Canaanites were driven into 
 the brook Kishon, and Sisera fled, and hid himself in 
 the tent of Heber; here falling asleep, Jael drove a tent- 
 nail through his temples into the ground, and killed him. 
 Judff. iv. 
 
 343. Song of Thanksgiving. — After the victory, 
 Deborah composed a song of Thanksgiving, which was 
 sung by the Children of Israel to the praise of God, in 
 commemoration of so signal a deliverance {ch. v. 24). The 
 land now had rest for 40 years. B. c. 1285. 
 
 339. What befel the southern tribes at this time? 
 What did Shamgar? 340. Who were the Philistines ? 
 Where did they dwell, and what were their chief towns? 
 
 341. Who was Jabin? Give a short account of Deborah. 
 
 342. Who was Barak? Sisera? Jael? AVho were the 
 Kenites ? 343. What song did Deborah compose ? 
 
 H
 
 ^^ JUDGES. [Judg.vi. 
 
 344, The Fourth oppression. — The people again, 
 *did evil in the sight of the Lord,' who now dehvered 
 them over to the Midianites for chastisement. Por seven 
 years these people swept off the produce of the land, car- 
 ried away the flocks and herds, and drove the inhabitants 
 into ' dens and caves.' During this affliction, EUmelech 
 and his wife Naomi with their two sons, sought safety in 
 the land of Moab, as recorded in the Book of Ruth. The 
 Israelites in this calamity once more cried unto the Lord. 
 God perceiving their penitence, an angel appeared to 
 Gideon the son of Joash, the Abiezrite, who lived iu 
 Ophrah in Manasseh; and was at the time secretly 
 threshing corn in a wine-press from fear of the Midian- 
 ites. B, c. 1252. 
 
 345. Gideon's Call. — Gideon, informed of the 
 Divine purpose requested a sign, and hastened home to 
 procure some refreshment for the mysterious visitor. On 
 his return the Angel touched the food with a staff, and it 
 was immediately consumed by fire. Gideon was alarmed, 
 but encouraged by a voice from heaven, he proceeded to 
 throw down the altar of Baal, and destroy the grove, and 
 afterwards offered a r.acrifice unto Jehovah. GiDEON was 
 now called Jenihbaal, ' Baal's adversary/ 
 
 34G. Gideon's sign. — Soon after, the Midianites 
 came down upon Israel, when Gideon quickly collected 
 an army of 32,000 men, yet his heart failing him, he again 
 supplicated a sign from God. This was granted as Gideon 
 requested : a Jleece of ivool became wet with dew while 
 the contiguous ground was dry ; then the fleece remained 
 dry while the adjoining earth was covered with dew; his 
 fears being now dissipated, he advanced to the attack. 
 {Jiidg. vi.) 
 
 347. Gideon's victory. — Lest the army of Gideon 
 should assign the victory to their own prowess instead 
 of Divine interposition, the Almighty culled on Gideon 
 to reduce his army. He accordingly permitted all having 
 the least fear to return home ; 22,000 quitted the field : 
 yet the remaining 10,000 were too many. By the direc- 
 tion of God these were led to the water-side ; and such, 
 
 344 How were the Israelites relieved from the Midian- 
 ites? Who was Gideon ? 345. IIow was Gideon called? 
 346. AVhat were the two signs given to him in token that 
 he should succeed ? 347. Uow was his army reduced? 
 By what means did he subdue his enemies?
 
 B. c. 1245.] JUDGES. ^7 
 
 as 'lapped of the water with his tongue as a dog lappeth* 
 were to be selected for the battle ; while those who ' bowed 
 down upon their knees to drink,' were to be set aside. 
 This reduced Gideon's army to but 300 men. He then 
 with his servant Phurah, secretly visited the Midianite 
 camp. His faith being confirmed, Gideon divided his 
 little army in three bands, giving each man a lighted 
 lamp within a pitcher in his right hand, and a trumpet in 
 the other ; then in the darkness of the night he stealthily 
 approached the camp of the enemy, and at a pre-con- 
 certed signal every man having blown his trumpet, and 
 broken his pitcher ; they all, in the midst of the sudden 
 glare of blazing torches, rushed upon the Midianites, 
 shouting ' The sword of the Lord and of Gideon.' The 
 enemy thrown into the most frightful disorder slew 
 friends for foes. 
 
 348. Oreb, Zeeb, Zebah, Zalmunna. — The EjDhraim- 
 ites at the command of Gideon pursued Oreh and Zeeb, 
 two of the Midianite princes, whom they overtook and 
 beheaded, while Gideon went in pursuit of Zebah and 
 Zalmunna, who had escaped with 15,000 men : {Judg. vii.). 
 Passing Succoth with his weary followers Gideon re- 
 quested of its princes some refreshment, but they refused 
 him ; the men of Penuel treated him in a similar manner; 
 he at length came up with the Midianite kings at Kar- 
 Kor, where he captured both Zebah and Zalmunna; and 
 afterwards slew them with his own hand, and took posses- 
 sion of the ornaments they wore ; and thus ended the war 
 with Midian, {Judg. viii,). (b. C. 1245.) 
 
 349. Gideon's Ephod. — On the return of Gideon 
 to Ophrah, the Israelites urged him to assume the 
 supreme authority over the country: but he declined, 
 {Judg. viii. 23.) : yet he requested that he might have the 
 golden ear-rings taken from the Midianites. Of these and 
 other ornaments which they conferred upon him, 'he 
 ' made an ephod thereof, and put it in his city, even in 
 * Ophrah.' * But it became a snare unto Gideon.' He at 
 length died, and the country had rest 40 years. {Judg. 
 viii.). Naomi, who had lost her husband while in Moab, 
 is thought to have returned during this period of repose 
 with Ruth her daughter-in-law, and taken up her abode 
 at Bethlehem- Judah. 
 
 348. What occurred to Oreb, Zeeb, Zebah, and Zal- 
 munna? 349. Explain Gideon's Ephod.
 
 SS JUDGES. [Judg. X. 
 
 350. Jotham. — Gideon left a family of 70 sons ; 
 together with one other named Abimelech. This man 
 aimed at being king; and aided by the Shecheraites he 
 
 Sut to death his seventy brothers with the exception of 
 OTHAM, the youngest, who escaped; and thus acquired 
 the chief authority. Jotham reproved the Shechemites 
 for their treachery, and foretold their ruin in a kind of 
 parable or Apologue in which ' Trees chose a king over 
 them: first the Olive-tree, who having declined; they 
 'elected the Fig-tree, then the Vine^ and lastly the 
 * Bramble' — Judg. ix. 8 — 15. 
 
 351. After this, Jotham fled to Beer but what 
 became of him is not known. Abimelech reigned 
 three years; but his cruelty led the Shechemites to 
 revolt, these were defeated, and some escaped to the 
 hou^e of their idol Berith ; which was set on fire, and 
 1000 perished in the flames. Abimelech then attacked 
 the tower of Thebez, when ' a woman cast a piece of a 
 ' mill-stone on Abimelech's head,' ' and fractured his 
 'skull; he then desired his armour bearer to kill him 
 ' with his sword, that it should not be said that he was slain 
 ' by a woman.' {Judg. ix. 54.) Abimelech was not one 
 of the Judges. B. C 1236. 
 
 352. Tola— Jair. — The next judge of Israel was 
 Tola of the tribe of Issachar; nothing is recorded of 
 his exploits. B.C. 1233. He judged 23 years. The next 
 Judge was Jaik, a Gilcadite, B.C. 1210: and nothing is 
 known of him, except that he judged 22 years. 
 
 353. Jephthah. — The next oppression of the 
 Israelites was of a severer character on account of their 
 increased wickedness. The Almighty abandoned them to 
 the Ammonites and the Philistines B. c. 1206. Wanting a 
 leader, the Israelites turned their thoughts to Jephthah, 
 the son of Gilead ; God, at the prayers of the Israelites, 
 sanctioned his appointment by an outpouring of the Spirit 
 upon him, and he at once marched against the enemy, 
 solemnly vowing that if successful, whatever he first met 
 on his return should be dedicated to the Lord. He was 
 victorious, and the Ammonites were utterly subdued. 
 
 350. Who was Jotham? Who was Abimelech? 
 What became of the sons of Gideon? How did Jotham 
 reprove the Shechemites ? 35 1. AVhat became of Jotham ? 
 What was the end of Abimelech ? 352. Who were Tola, 
 and Jair ? 353. What was Jephthah's rash vow, and the 
 cause of it?
 
 B.C. iii6.] JUDGES. 89 
 
 But on returning home he was met by his only daughter, 
 who had come out to welcome him : his rash vow came 
 to his recollection, and he felt bound to fulfil it. Jephthah 
 therefore gave her up as an offering to the Lord. Judg. xi. 
 B.C. 1188. 
 
 354. Shibboleth. — The JEphraimites not having 
 been invited to join in the war, threatened to destroy 
 Jephthah. The conqueror immediately marched against 
 them, and taking possession of the fords of the Jordan, 
 stopped all who attempted to pass, and made them pro- 
 nounce the word Shibboleth: {Judg. xii. 5, 6.). An im- 
 pediment in their speech discovered the Ephrahnites, who 
 called it Sibboleth, and 42,000 were slain. Jephthah 
 judged 6 years. B.C. 1182, 
 
 355. The next judge was Ibzan, of Bethlehem, 
 who judged 7 years ; B. c. 1175. Then Elon of Zebulun, 
 who judged 10 years ; B. c. 1165. After him Abdon, the 
 son of Hillel, who judged 8 years. B. c. 1156. They lived 
 in the northern parts of Israel, and none of their deeds 
 are recorded. {Judg. xii. 1.) 
 
 35G. Samson. — Afterwards, when enslaved by 
 the Philistines 40 years, God raised up Samson, a man of 
 prodigious strength, to deliver the Israelites from their 
 troubles. An angel of God appeared unto the wife of 
 Manoah, and promised her a son ; who was to be con- 
 secrated to God from his birth, as a Nazarite, and not let 
 a razor come upon his head. When the child was born, 
 he was called Samson, and the Spirit of the Lord was upon 
 him. AVhen 20 years of age, he became attached to a 
 woman of Timnath, a Philistine city ; and one day journey- 
 ing thither, he met a lion, which he seized and slew ; he 
 shortly after, married this Philistine woman, but event- 
 ually for her misconduct he parted from her ; her father 
 then married her to some one else, when Samson, much 
 irritated, caught 300 foxes, and tying them in pairs, with 
 a fire-brand between them, he turned .them among the 
 corn-fields of the Philistines, where the flames made great 
 havoc. The PhiUstines immediately burnt to death Sam- 
 son's wife, and her father, as the cause of the mischief; 
 upon which Samson in revenge smote the Philistines * hip 
 and thigh with a great slaughter.' B. c. 1116. 
 
 354. What tribe quarrelled with Jephthah? Wliat 
 peculiarity of pronunciation belonged to the Ephraimites ? 
 355. Who succeeded Jephthah? 356. Give a brief account 
 of Samson, and of the deliverance he wrought for Israel?
 
 90 JVBGUS. [Judg. xvi. 
 
 357. Samson at Gaza. — Samson some time after 
 allowed himself to be bound with cords, and to be de- 
 livered to the Philistines, and was no sooner in the midst 
 of them than he broke his bonds, and with a jaw-bone he 
 found in his way, slew one thousand of the enemy. Be- 
 coming oppressed with thirst, he cried unto the Lord. 
 God at his prayer, supplied him with w^ater from a hollow 
 close by in Lehi, as is stated in the margin ; not ' in the 
 jaw,' as said in the text. {Maktesh). He next went to 
 Gaza, where the enemy set a watch upon him ; but SamsoN" 
 escaped at midnight by carrying away the gates of the city. 
 
 358. Delilah. — He next became attached to 
 Delilah, who was bribed by the Philistines to obtain from 
 him the secret of his strength. She tried the most seduc- 
 tive arts, but Samson repeatedly deceived her ; at length, 
 wearied with her importunities, he confessed his vow of 
 Is'azaritism, and said, 'if I be shaven, then my strength 
 will go from me,' Seizing the opportunity when Samson 
 lay asleep upon her lap, Delilah caused his hair to be 
 shaven oif. The Lord therefore left him, and his strength 
 failed; the Philistines seized him, and putting out his 
 eyes, brought him to Gaza, where they bound him with 
 fetters of brass, and made him grinder for the prison. 
 
 359. His death. — While in prison, his hair grevir, 
 and shortly after, when all the princes of the Philistines 
 had met at a feast in the temple of their god, Dagon, they 
 sent for Samson to make sport of him; after enduring 
 their insults a short time, he prayed to God, who restored 
 to him his strength; when he seized the pillars that sup- 
 
 1)orted the temple, and shook them till the building fell, 
 Lilling himself, and all the lords of the Philistines, with 
 about 3000 persons. Samson lived 33 years, but was judge 
 of Israel about 20 years. Judges xvi, — 1117. B. c. 2887. A. M. 
 
 nvii\i 
 
 2GSG. a. m, 1318. B. c. (or 1245. B. c.) 
 
 360, The Book of Ruth gives the history of Rut\ 
 a pious woman of Moab, who probably lived in the 
 
 357. What did Samson at Gaza ? 358. How came 
 his strength to fail ? 359. How came he by his death ? 
 300. What is described in the Book of Ruth ? By whom 
 was it written ?
 
 B.C. i3i8.] RUTH. 91 
 
 time of the Judge, Shamgar, or Gideon. 1318. B. c, or 
 1245. B. c. It was written either by Samuel, Hezekiah, 
 or Ezra. 
 
 361. Reference to Christ. — The Book of Ruth 
 is particularly valuable in handing down to us the genea- 
 logy of Christ; and proving the descent of David in the 
 line of Judah, to which tribe the promise of the Messiah 
 belonged. This history also exhibits the great providence 
 of God over them that fear Him. 
 
 362. Ruth was a Moabitess, of the race that 
 had descended from Lot ; she had married Mahlon, 
 one of the two sons of Elimelech of Bethlehem-Judah. 
 Elimelech, although a man of great wealth, retired 
 with his wife Naomi, and his two sons Mahlon, and 
 Chilion, during the great scarcity, into the land of Moab 
 east of the Dead-Sea to escape its pressure. Not long 
 2i^iev Elimelech died; and his two sons, who had trans- 
 gressed the commandment of the Lord by taking to 
 them strange wives, died also. They had married two 
 of the women of Moab ; Mahlon had married Ruth, and 
 Chilion had allied himself to Orpah. Naomi being thus 
 alone in the land of strangers determined to return to 
 Bethlehem-Judah. She urged her two daughters-in-law 
 to go back to their own friends; Orpah did so, but Ruth^ 
 from her attachment to Naomi, begged to accompany 
 lier. This was allowed her, so Naomi and Ruth came to 
 Bethlehem, {ch. i.). 
 
 363. Boaz. — Soon after their arrival, Ruth went 
 to glean in the fields of Boaz, her kinsman, a rich citizen 
 of Bethlehem, who treated her with great kindness. 
 Ich. ii.). At last, introduced by Naomi, Ruth made 
 known to Boaz her relationship to him: which event- 
 ually led to Boaz, in accordance with the Levitical law, 
 taking Ruth to be his wife. By this union with Boaz^ 
 Ruth had a son named Ohed, who was the father of 
 Jesse, and therefore grandfather to David, from whose 
 descent sprang the Messiah, {ch. iv.). See Matt. i. 5. 
 
 361. For what is the Book of Ruth particularly 
 valuable? 362. Give some account of Ruth, and the 
 family of Elimelech. How was she connected with any 
 of the kings of Israel ? 363. Who was Boaz? Of what 
 tribe was he ? Who was Obed ?
 
 92 I. SAMUEL. [1 Sam. ii. 
 
 I. Samix;el. 
 
 2849. A. M. 1155. B. C. 
 
 364. The two Books of Samuel derive their name 
 from having beea chiefly written by the prophet Samuel. 
 He wrote the first 24 chapters of the first Book ; the 
 remainder is supposed to have been supphed by the 
 prophets Gad, and Nathan; the 25th and remaining 
 Chapters of the first Book, and the whole of the second 
 Book describe events which occurred after Samuel'a 
 death. 
 
 305. Contents. — The First Booh of Samuel con- 
 tains a space of about 100 years, namely, from the birth of 
 Samuel, about 1155. B. C. to the death of Saul, 1055. B. C. ; 
 and comprises the transactions under Eli, and Samuel, 
 and under Saul the first king ; as well as the acts of David 
 during the life-time of Saul. 
 
 366. Elkanah— Hannah. — Hannah, the wife of 
 Elkanah, being without child, prayed to God that she 
 might have a son, and engaged faithfully to devote him as 
 a Nazarite to the service of God. Her peculiar earnestness 
 in the Tabernacle at Shiloh, led Eli the priest at first to 
 reprove her; but he afterwards joined in her supplications, 
 and eventually a child was born: from these circum- 
 stances, the name Samuel, ' asked of God,' was given to 
 the infant. Hannah brought Samuel to the Tabernacle 
 at Shiloh, and left him in charge of Eli to be devoted to 
 the Divine Services, and the pious mother poured forth 
 her gratitude in a sublime Hymn of Thanksgiving. 
 (1 Sam. ii. 1—10.). 
 
 367. Eli. — On the death of Samson, Eli, the 
 High-priest, had for some years governed Israel, and now 
 continued to exercise the same civil and priestly functions. 
 
 361. "Whence do the Books of Samuel derive their 
 name ? Who was the author of them ? How do we know 
 that Samuel was not the author of the whole of the two 
 Books <;alled after his name ? 3G5. What period of time 
 is contained in the First Book of Samuel? What trans- 
 actions are comprised in this Book ? 366. Who were 
 Elkanah, and Hannah? Relate the birth of Samuel, 
 307. Give a short account of Eli. What was his crime?
 
 p.c. iii6.] i.SAMUHZ. 93 
 
 He was descended from' ItTiamar, fourth son of Aaron, 
 Eli becoming aged, administered public affairs with, 
 negligence, and with too much indulgence to his un- 
 worthy sous; whose conduct not only reflected great 
 dishonour upon God, and brought contempt upon the 
 priestly office : but the vices of their private life were so 
 infamous as to pollute the very Tabernacle, disgrace the 
 worshippers, and demorahze the whole people (L Sam. ii.) 
 
 368. Eli warned. — Eli, instead of punishing 
 them, admini'riered only mild and gentle reproofs. (Deut. 
 xxi, 21.). God therefore sent a prophet to remind Eli of 
 his duties, impress him with the awful extent of the 
 prevailing corruptions; the Almighty then denounced the 
 ruiii of his family, and that he should not only see the 
 affliction of the Tabernacle ; but his two sons Sopkni, and 
 
 'Fhinehas should both die in one day (1 Sam. ii. 30—34.). 
 The warning was ineffectual. God in mercy repeated it 
 through the child Samuel, who now ministered in the 
 Tabernacle in Shiloh, and was about 12 years of age. 
 
 369. Eli's punishment. — The day of punishment 
 at length came. The Philistines renewed their assaults 
 upon Israel, when 4000 perished in battle at Eben-ezer, 
 As a last effort they sent for the 'Ark of God,' t9 be 
 brought into the camp, which revived their broken spirits. 
 But the Philistines again prevailed : and the two sons of 
 Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, were slain by the enemy, who 
 also took possession of the * Ark of the Lord,' and 30,000 
 Israelites were destroyed. The blind and aged Eli, who 
 sat by the way anxiou''. to learn the issue of the contest, 
 on hearing of this terrible calamity, fell backward from 
 his seat, 'his neck brake and he died.' He was succeeded 
 in the priesthood by his third son Ahituh or Ahiah; and 
 in the government by Samuel. 1116. B. c. 2888. a. M. He 
 was 98 years old ; and ' had judged Israel forty years.' 
 1 Sam., iv. 12—18. These sad tidings coming to the ears 
 of Phinehas's luife, she prematurely brought forth a son, 
 and named him Ichahod, saying, 'the glory is departed 
 from Israel.' (iv. 20.) 
 
 370. The Ark — The Philistines on gaining pos- 
 session of the ' ArJc,' took it from Ehen-ezer to A^hhod, 
 
 368. What punishment was inflicted upon Eli? 369. 
 What befel the Ark ? How did the two sons of Eli die ? 
 Of what were they to be the sign ? What were their 
 names? Who succeeded Eh? 370. What circumstances 
 attended the possession of the Ark by the Philistines? 
 How long did they keep it ?
 
 ^4 I. SAMUEL. [1 Sam. viii. 
 
 and placed it in the temple of their idol Dagon but his 
 image immediately fell down, and was broken. They 
 carried it about to other places ; but it was so continued 
 a source of affliction to them, that after seven months they 
 restored it to the Israelites. When the ' Ark ' was at 
 JBethshemesh, the Id habit ants with irreverent curiosity 
 looked into it; upon which they were afflicted with a 
 plague, that took off above 50,000 people. The Ark was 
 afterwards removed to Kirjath-jearim. 1 Sam. vi. 19 — 21. 
 
 371. Samuel. — The prophet Samuel succeeded to 
 the government a few years after the death of JS/.i, and 
 was the last of the Judges of Israel ; he was the son of 
 Elkajiah and Hannah; and was devoted to the service of 
 God as a Nazaritc from his infancy. Having been brought 
 up at the Tabernacle in Shiloh, under 'Eli. 
 
 372. The Philistines cigavn. — The Philistines had 
 not since made any assault upon Israel; but after the 
 lapse of about 20 years they again marched against the 
 Israelites at Mizpeh. Samuel prayed and offered sacri- 
 fices for the people. God heard them, and dispersed the 
 Philistines by means of a violent thunder storm. (1 Sam. 
 vii. 13.) Samuel then proceeded to improve the moral and 
 social condition of the Israelites, making yearly journeys 
 for the purpose to Bethel, Gilgal, and Mizpeh: he also 
 provided for their education by maintaining the ' Schools 
 of the Prophets ;' and brought prosperity and happiness 
 on the people. Age, relaxing the vigour of his adminis- 
 tration, he appointed his two sons Joel and Abia, to assist 
 him. 
 
 373. Saul made king. — But the two sons of 
 Samuel,^ took bribes, and perverted judgment,' (1 Sam. 
 viii. 3.) Wherefore the elders of Israel foreseeing the evils 
 they thought would be likely to follow the death of 
 Samuel, besought him to appoint them a King. (1 Sam. 
 viii. 5.). Samuel grieved at their rejection of God's own 
 government, prayed unto the Lord; Jehovah, although 
 (iliarging tliera with unfaithfulness, permitted him to 
 accede to their request. Samuel then anointed Said of 
 the tribe of Benjamin, as the King of Israel. 1095 b. c. 
 This monarch, some years afterwards disobeyed God, 
 
 371. What circumstances attended Samuel's early life? 
 Who was his mother ? Who was the last of the Judges ? 
 
 372. How were the Philistines the next time defeated? 
 
 373. AVhat causes led to the establishment of monarchy 
 among the Uebrews? and when?
 
 B. c. 109.5.] I. SAMUEL, 95 
 
 when Samuel was directed by the Almighty to anoint 
 David to be Saul's successor (1 Sam. xvi. 13.) A few 
 years after this event, Samuel died, 1057. b. c, about two 
 years before Saul, at the age of 98 years, deeply lamented 
 by the ^vhole nation: and having judged Israel fortij 
 years. He was buried at Eamah, the place of his usual 
 residence. (1 Sam. xxv. 1.) 
 
 374. Saul, the son of Kish, was the first king 
 of the entire tribes of Israel. He had been sent to look 
 for his father's asses, and when at Eamah, making en- 
 quiries of Samuel respecting them, the prophet foretold 
 to him his high destiny, and privately anointed him King, 
 1095. B, c. He confirmed his election by predicting three 
 events that would happen to him on one day : 1^^, two 
 men would inform him that his father's asses were found: 
 2dly, three others would meet him, and provide him with 
 refreshment : Mly, he would meet a company of prophets, 
 when the Spirit of God would come upon him, and he 
 would prophesy with them, and be turned into another 
 man. (1 Sam. x. 2 — /•) These events occurred as foretold. 
 Samuel then directed the Israelites to choose by lot who 
 should reign over them : when the lot fell to Satd. The 
 people then shouted ''God save the King'' {May the 
 King live.) 
 
 375. SmcVs first exploit was to oppose Nahash 
 the Ammonite King, who had surrounded Jabesh-Gilead 
 with a vast army : Saul collected 300,000 Israelites, and 
 30,000 men of Judah, and by hasty marches surprised 
 Nahash, and completely routed his forces. Samuel then, 
 confirmed the kingdom to Said with sacrifices, and festi- 
 vities : but at the same time he spoke of God's past provi- 
 dences in their behalf, and of their sinfulness in preferring 
 a King to the government of Jehovah; and to prove the 
 truth of his words, Samuel brought down storms of 
 thunder and rain upon their wheat-harvest. But he 
 comforted the terror-stricken people by declaring that 
 ' if they followed the Lord, the Lord would not forsake 
 *them ;' B. c. 1095. (1 Sam. xi. xii.) 
 
 376. Saul's first error. — After a lapse of two years 
 Said, being anxious to relieve Israel from the oppression 
 of the Philistines, collected his forces first at Michma^h, 
 * and then at Gilgal, where Samuel had promised to meet 
 
 "When did Samuel die ? 374 Give a brief account of 
 Saul's election. 375. When was the Kingdom confirmed 
 to Saul ? 376. What was his first error ?
 
 1. SAMUEL. [1. Sam. xvi. 
 
 him in 7 days. The people becoming alarmed at th6 
 numbers of the Philistines continued deserting the King's 
 standard till only 600 men were left. Saul growing im- 
 patient at the delay of Samuel, presumed to offer the 
 sacrifices. In the midst of this proceeding Samuel 
 arrived, and after denouncing Saul's unfaithfulness, in- 
 formed him that the Lord had determined that the 
 Kingdom should not continue in his family. 
 
 377. Saul in dismay went to Gibeah to watch 
 the enemy; but his son Jonathan, full of faith in God. 
 encountered the Philistines. God miraculously aided 
 him; and the panic-stricken host fled in all directions; 
 Saul quickly led on the pursuit, and Israel was delivered. 
 The King's hastiness now almost sacrificed his valorous 
 son ; for keeping up the pursuit he had proclaimed, 
 ' Cursed be the man that eateth before the evening.' 
 Jonathan, unaware of this prohibition, being exhausted 
 with exertion, tasted a little honey. Saul condemned him 
 to instant death: but the people resisted, and 'rescued 
 Jonathan, that he died not.' b. c. 1093. (1 Sam. xiv.) 
 Saul continued his successes defeating the Ammonites, 
 
 • Philistines, Moabites, and Amalekites. 
 
 378. Saul's rejection. — The Almighty had now 
 determined on the extirpation of the Amalekites. Samuel 
 directed Saul therefore to march against them, and de- 
 stroy them utterly, without exception or reserve of per- 
 sons, cattle or property. The King, with a large army, 
 advanced to the task, and overwhelmed them : but he was 
 tempted to save Ayag, the King of Amalek, and the best 
 of the spoil, under a pretence of sacrificing to the Lord. 
 Samuel, apprized by God of this disobedience, rebuked 
 Saul for his sinfulness, adding * The Lord hath rejected 
 'thee from being King over Israel.' Agag was then slain 
 by the proi)het, who returned to Ramah, and came no 
 'more to see Saul.' B.C. 1079. (1 Sain, xv.) 
 
 379. Saul, and David. — Samuel waa then com- 
 manded by Jehovah to anoint David as the successor of 
 Sard, and ' the Spirit of the Lord now departed from the 
 * King,' (1 Sam. xvi. l^). This produced a state of melan- 
 choly, which found relief only in the music of David, 
 
 377. What happened to Jonathan at Michmash? 
 378. What caused Saul's rejection? 379. Who was 
 elected to sneered him? VVhat occasioned the ill-will 
 of Saul against David ?
 
 B.C.1063.] 1. SAMITEL. 97 
 
 whose skill upon the harp led to his introduction to the 
 King. Saul having recovered was so pleased with David, 
 that he appointed him his armour-bearer. Soon after, 
 the Philistines having renewed their attacks on Israel, 
 Saul collected his forces to oppose them : but his people 
 were terrified at the appearance of the giant Goliath. 
 
 380. Goliath of Gath, a descendant of the Re- 
 phaim ; was 6 cubits and a span high, and the staff of his 
 spear like a weaver's beam : his armour weighed 5000 
 shekels of brass, and his spear's head, 600 shekels of iron. 
 This Philistine challenged the Israelites to single-combat: 
 none dared to meet him. David hearing of it, accepted 
 the challenge : and took only his sling and a few smooth 
 stones, and advancing towards the giant, he exclaimed — 
 
 * I come to thee in the name of the Lord of hosts, the 
 
 * God of the armies of Israel, whom thou hast defied,' and 
 immediately slang a stone into the forehead of Goliath^ 
 which felled him to the ground. David then cut ofi" his 
 head, and the Philistines immediately fled, and were 
 routed with immense slaughter, b. c. 1064. (1 Sam. xvii.). 
 This action obtained for David a captaincj% and the 
 friendship also of Jonathan ; but the praises of the people 
 excited the bitter jealousy of the monarch. B. c. 1063. 
 (1 Sam. xviii.). 
 
 381. Saul persecutes David. — Saul twice attempted 
 David's life with a javelin, but ashamed of his treatment, 
 he promised him his daughter, Michal, in marriage, if he 
 would slaughter 100 Philistines; David was successful, 
 and received the King's daughter. But Saul was deter- 
 mined to get rid of David. Jonathan tried to appease his 
 father, and a pretended reconciliation was effected, but 
 David was soon after obliged to escape for his life. He 
 hastened to Samuel, and shortly after secretly returned 
 home ; but the day approaching when it was usual for 
 him to sit at meat with the King, he had an interview 
 with Jonathan, who endeavoured to effect a reconciliation 
 with his father, but in vain ; so that David was obliged to 
 flee once more. b. c. 1062. (1 Sam. xx.), 
 
 382. David flies to Nob. — David hurried to Noh, 
 where he obtained some refreshment from Abimelech (or 
 
 380. Who was Goliath of Gath ? 381. Did David 
 marry Saul's daughter? "What befel him soon after- 
 wards? 382. What did David at Nob ? Why did he 
 counterfeit madness? Why did Saul destroy Abimelech, 
 and the priests of Nob ? who escaped ?
 
 QS I. SAMUEL. [1 Sam. xxiv. 
 
 AlimelecTi), the priest, who having no other than the 
 shew-bread, gave him the hallowed loaves {Mark ii. 26.) ; 
 and likewise the sword of Goliath. Abimelech however 
 was not aware of Saul's ill-will. David then fled to AcMsh^ 
 King of Gath, where he was obliged to feign madness, and 
 * scrabbled on the doors of the gate, and let his spittle fall 
 *down upon his beard.' {I Sam., xxi.). David then escaped 
 to the cave of Adullam, near Bethlehem, where he obtain- 
 ed 400 followers. Saul now sent for Abimelech, and the 
 rest of the priests, and charging them with treason in 
 succouring David, he ordered them to be put to death : 
 and there fell 'three score and five ' priests ; the city of 
 Noh also, with its inhabitants, cattle, and property, Saul 
 utterly destroyed. Ahiathar, one of the sons of Abimelech, 
 alone escaped, and fled to David. B.C. lOGl. (1 Sam. xxii.). 
 
 383. Saul pursues David. — Directed by the pro- 
 phet Gad, David left AduUam, and marched against the 
 Philistines ; he rescued Keilah, which they had attacked, 
 and obtained considerable booty. Saul advanced against 
 David, who retired with about GOO followers into the 
 wilderness of Ziph, where Jonathan secretly visited him. 
 Saul followed him to the hill of Hachilah, and thence to 
 Maon; but the King being called away by an invasion 
 of the Philistines, David retired to Engedi. 1061. B. C. 
 (1 Sam. xxiii.) 
 
 384. Saul in David's power. — After repelling the 
 Philistines, Saul renewed his pursuit after David : the 
 King retired to sleep in a cave, in the interior of which 
 David and his men liad previously concealed themselves ; 
 David cut ott'the skirt of the King's robe ; and when at 
 a distance, exhibited it to the monarch, and reproached 
 him with his relentless hatred. 1061. B. c. (1 Sam. xxiv.). 
 
 385. Nabal and David. — Samuel now died, and 
 was buried at Ramah, 1060. B. c. David went into the 
 wilderness of Paran, where his provisions failing him, he 
 applied in his distress to Nahal, a rich man of Carmel. 
 whose immense flocks of sheep and goats David had 
 protected whilst in the neighbourhood. It being shearing 
 time, Nahal kei)t open house; but he was of a churlish 
 and coarse disposition, and insolently refused David's 
 request. David determined to put Nabal and his family 
 
 383. What happened to David at Keilah ? 384. On 
 what occasion did he spare the life of Saul? 886. Who 
 was Nabal, and under what circumstances did David 
 marry Abigail ? What does Nabal signify ?
 
 B. C. 1058.] I. SAMUEL. ■ 99 
 
 to the sword, but Abigail, the wife of Nabal, loaded 
 several asses with provisions, and unknown to her hus- 
 band went forth to appease the wrath of David. Her 
 presents were received, and being assured of forgiveness, 
 Abigail, returned home. Finding her husband drunk, 
 she deferred telling him till the morning. Nabal hearing 
 what had occurred fainted with emotion, and ' 10 days 
 * after the Lord smote Nabal that he died,' David imme- 
 diately after married Abigail; his former wife Michal^ 
 the King's daughter, having married another. B. c. 1060. 
 (1 Sam. XXV.) 
 
 386. Saul in David's power agram. — David, once 
 more came to the hill of Haohilah. Saul, informed of 
 his retreat, went in search of him with Abner his general, 
 and 3000 chosen men. David accompanied by Abishai 
 stole down into the camp where Said slept, and took 
 away the King's spear from his bolster, and a cruse of 
 water from his side ; then returning to the opposite hill, 
 he again reproached Saul's inflexible enmity, (1 Sam. 
 xxvi.). David now retired with his €00 followers to his 
 heathen friend, Achish at Gath, with whom he continued 
 at Ziklag, a year and 5 months. During which, David 
 made several successful inroads upon the Geshurites, 
 Gezrites, and Amalekites. b. c, 105S. (1 Sam. xxvii.) 
 
 387. David at Ziklag. — Achish now united his 
 forces with the Philistine lords in an invasion of Israel, 
 taking David and his band with him. But the friends of 
 Achish mistrusting David's fidelity insisted on his being 
 sent back. David returned to Ziklag, and found it had 
 been plundered during his absence by the Amalekites. 
 David went in pursuit of them, and regained the whole 
 of the persons and property they had taken, with immense 
 booty besides, (1 Sam. xxix. xxx.) 
 
 388. The Witch of Endor. — In the mean time, 
 Saul becoming alarmed at the formidable array of the 
 Philistines, and being from his wickedness shut off from 
 the privileged means of access to God, he sought advice 
 from a woman ' familiar with spirits ' hving at Endor; the 
 'witcli' enquired whom she should bring before him. 
 Saul answered ' Bring me up Samuel.' Tlie witch pro- 
 ceeding with her sorceries, Samuel, by God's permission, 
 presently stood before them. Saul addressing the prophet, 
 
 386. What did David at Ziph? At Ziklag? 387. 
 What befel Ziklag ? 388. What are the circumstances 
 connected with the witch of Endor ?
 
 100 I. SAMUHL. [1 Sam. xxxl 
 
 bemoaned his miserable condition, and begged Samuel to 
 tell him what to do. The prophet informed him, that — 
 ' The Lord will deliver Israel with thee into the hand of 
 ' the Philistines : and to-morrow shalt thou and thy sons 
 I be with me.' The unhappy King fell prostrate at this 
 intelligence, and immediately after returned to his army 
 at Gilboa, b. c. 1056. (1 Sam. xxviii.) 
 
 389. Saul's Death. — On the next day, the Philis- 
 tines attacked the Israelites, who fled in all directions : 
 Jonathan, Aminadab and Malcliishua, three sons of Saul, 
 were slain, and the king himself dangerously wounded. 
 Saul immediately ordered his armour-bearer to kill him ; 
 who refusing, ' he fell on his own sword, and his armour- 
 ' bearer fell likewise upon his sword, and died with him ; * 
 (1 Sam. xxxi. 3—7.) 1055. B. c. Thus died Saul after a reign 
 of 40 years. (1 Sam. xxxi. 2—4.). Some time after Saul's 
 death, seven of his sons were destroyed by the Gibeonites^ 
 as an atonement for his slaughter of their people. (2 Sam, 
 xxi. 6.). 
 
 390. The * Land of Canaan ' was originally peopled 
 by the posterity of Canaan, the son of Ham {Gen. x. 15.) ; 
 and from having been promised to the seed of Abraham, 
 by the Almighty, {Gen. xii. 7 ; xiii. 15.), it acquired the 
 appellation of the ' Land of Promise^ {Reb. xi. 9.). It 
 took the name of the ' Land of Israel' from the Israelites, 
 the descendants of Jacob, having settled themselves 
 there ; and subsequently it gained the name of the 'Land 
 of Judah' from the superior influence of that tribe. 
 After the Babylonish Captivity it was called by Zechariah 
 ' The Holy Land,' (ch. ii. 12.). Prom the Philistines, who 
 dwelt along the Mediterranean Coast, it acquired the 
 name of 'Palestine' {Exod. xv. 14.) ; but by heathen 
 writers it was known as Syrian Palestine^ Syria^ and 
 Phoenicia. 
 
 391. Its extent. — It was about 170 miles long, 
 and 80 broad, and extended according to the promise of 
 God from 'the river of Egypt' (Nahal or Nile) unto the 
 ' Great River,' the river Euphrates. {Gen. xv. 18.) MosES 
 defines it, as bounded on the north by Lebanon and Syria ; 
 
 389. How came Saul by his end ? What four persons 
 died with him? Which of his misdeeds involved his 
 family in great calamity after his decease ? 390. What 
 several appellations have been given to the land of 
 (Ja-naan ? 391. How far did it extend to the north, and 
 to the south ? and to the east, and to tho west ?
 
 B.C. 10.55.] 1. SAMTTEL. lOI 
 
 on the south, by the river of Egypt, the desert of Zin, 
 the southern coast of the Dead Sea, and the river Arnon ; 
 on the east by Arabia Deserta, and the lands of the 
 Ammonites, Moabites, and Midianites; and on the u-est 
 by the Mediterranean or 'Geeat Sea.' {Numb, xxxiv.) 
 Near the northern extremity of .the land stood the city of 
 Dan, and near the southern, the city of Beersheha; hence 
 the expression, 'from Dan to Beersheba,' to denote the 
 whole length of the Land of Canaan. 
 
 392. Its conquest was commenced by Moses, 
 who took possession of the lands of Sihon king of the 
 Ammorites, and of Og king of Bashan, on the eastern 
 coast of Jordan ; and gave them to the tribes of Reuhen^ 
 Gad, and half of Manasseh ( Numb, xxi ; Josh. xii. 2—6.). 
 Joshua divided the rest of the country among the 
 remaining nine and a half tribes {Josh. xii.). On the 
 accession of David, that monarch drove the Jebusites 
 out of Jerusalem, (2 Sam. v. 6.), and conquered the Phil- 
 istines and Moabites, (viii. 1, 2 ; xxi. 22.), and Ammonites 
 (xii. 31.) ; but it was not till the reign of Solomon that the 
 Israelites were in full possession of the Fromised Land. 
 That king 'reigned over all kingdoms from the river 
 
 * (Euphrates) unto the land of the Philistines, and unto 
 
 * the border of Egypt.' 1 Kings iv. 21. 24. 
 
 393. The Tabernacle. — The religious services of 
 the Israelites were still performed in the Tabeenacle of 
 Moses; which, after they had taken possession of the 
 Land, was first set up at Gilgal, ^nd then at Shiloh {Josh. 
 xviii. 1 ; Jer. vii. 12.) in the tribe of Ephraim. But when 
 the 'Ark of God,' was removed from the Tabernacle 
 by the sons of Eli, it fell into the hands of the Philistines, 
 and the Ark was never afterwards restored to the Mosaic 
 Tabernacle. Eventually, when God rejected Ephraim, 
 Shiloh was abandoned {Ps, Ixxviii. 60. 67.), and the 
 Tabernacle removed to Gibeon, (1 Chron. xvi. 39; xxi. 29; 
 2 Chron. i. 3.), where it remained till the erection of the 
 
 * Temple^' within which all its materials were deposited. 
 
 393. What portion was conquered under Moses ? and 
 under Joshua? What were the conquests of David? 
 What was the extent of their possessions in the time of 
 Solomon ? 393. Where were the religious Services 
 performed ? 
 
 12
 
 102 11. SAMUEL. [2Sam.ii. 
 
 II. SamxteL 
 
 2949. A. M. 1055. B. C. 
 
 394. The Second Book of Samuel is supposed to 
 have been written by the prophets Gad and Nathan, and 
 contains the history of David, the second king of Israel, 
 during a period of nearly forty years, from 1055. B. c. to 
 1017. B.C. 
 
 395. David chosen. — David was the son of Jesse, 
 of the tribe of Judah, of the town of Bethlehem, and was 
 born 1085. B. c. ; he was anointed king by Samuel at the 
 direction of God, in preference to his seven brothers, at 
 the age of about 15 years, for said Samuel ' the Lord seeth 
 ' not as man seeth ; for man looketh on the outward ap- 
 'pearance but the Lord looketh on the heart.' (1 Sam. 
 xvi. 7.). God chose David to be His servant, and took 
 him from the sheepfolds to be king over Israel. (1 Sam. 
 xvi. 11—13 ; Tsal. Ixviii. 71.). 
 
 396. While King-elect, — After being anointed, on 
 account of his skill in music he was chosen to play before 
 Saul when in a state of deep melancholy. After a few 
 years, David went forth and slew the giant Goliath (1064. 
 B. c.) ; but the praises of the people excited the jealousy of 
 Saul. (1063. B. c.) David, on the return of the king's 
 malady, again played before him, and twice Saul attempted 
 his life. He also refused David his daughter unless he 
 slew 100 Philistines ; but having accomplished this, he re- 
 ceived Michal in marriage ; but Satil continuing to seek 
 his life he fled, first to the higb-priest Abimelech at Nob, 
 where he eat the shew-bread ; and thence he retired to 
 Achish king of Gath (1002. B. c). Here to save his life, he 
 was obliged to feign madness. He then went to Adullam^ 
 where he gathered 400 men, and T)roceeded afterwards to 
 Maon, and thence to Engedi, ( 1060. B. C.) whither Saul 
 
 394. Who were the authors of the Second Book of 
 Samuel ? what does it contain ? 395. Who was the 
 father of David, and where did he dwell ? Of what tribe 
 was he? When and by whom was David anointed king ? 
 390. Give the life of David up to his accession. What 
 was his character, and for what were his early years 
 distinguished?
 
 B.C. 1048.] u. SAMTTEL. I03 
 
 followed him with 3000 men. The king entered a cave ia 
 which David was secreted, who cut off the skirt of Saul's 
 rohe unperceived. David next threatened the life oiNabal 
 for refusing him sustenance, but he died a few days after, 
 when David married his widow, Abigail (1059. B. c). 
 After this, while concealed in the hill of Hachilah, David 
 by night got into Saul's camp, and took away his spear 
 and cruse of water unperceived. David sought shelter 
 again with AeMsh king of Gath ; who gave him Ziklag to 
 reside in. The Philistines now renewed their attack on 
 Saul at Gilboa ; when the Israehtes were worsted, and 
 Saul and his three sons slain. (1055. B. c). David 
 lamented the death of Saul, and Jonathan (2 Sam. i.), 
 and directed by God, he proceeded to Hebron, where the 
 tribe of Judah acknowledged him king. (2. Sam. ii.). 
 
 397. Ishbosheth. — The 11 other Tribes by the 
 advice and assistance of Abner, Saul's general, raised Ish- 
 bosheth, the only son of Saul, to the throne; he reigned 
 at Mahanaim ; Abner some time after marrying Rispah^ 
 a concubine of Saul's, brought down upon him the anger 
 of Ishbosheth. Abner eventually deserted to David ; but 
 he soon fell by the hand of Joab (1048. B. c.) in revenge 
 for his slaying Joab's brother, AsaJiel. Ishbosheth him- 
 self was murdered not long afterwards by two of his 
 captains, Baanah, and Rechab. David punished the as- 
 sassins, and was now proclaimed at Hebron king over all 
 Israel, at the age of 37 years. 1048. b. c. (2 Sam. v. 1—3.). 
 
 398. Jerusalem iakeyi. — David now marched 
 against Jerusalem, which was in the possession of the 
 Jebusites. {Judg. i. 8. 21.) Jerusalem comprised the four 
 hills of Zion, Acra, Moriah and Bezetha. The strong- 
 hold of Zion was well fortified by nature, so that David 
 promised that he who would first storm its walls should 
 be chief-captain of his armies. Joab performed the ex- 
 ploit, and became the chief-captain. David made Jeru- 
 salem the capital of his kingdom, and Hiram king of 
 Tyre, having supplied him with workmen and materials, 
 he built a royal residence on Mount Zion, whence it was 
 called the ' City of David.' He next prepared for the 
 performance of religious services within it by bringing 
 the Ark from Kirjath-jearim. 
 
 397. Who was Ishbosheth, and what befel him? 
 What side did Abner take ? 398. Give an account of 
 Jerusalem ? when did it become a royal residence ?
 
 104 11. SAMUEL. [2Sam.viii. 
 
 399. TJzzah, and the Ark. — After two successful 
 eugagemeiits with the Philistines at Eephaim (1043. b. c.) 
 David now attempted to bring the ' Aek' to Jerusalem, 
 from Kirjath-jearim ; where it had remained in the house 
 of ^ii«af/ai, under the care of his son Eleazar (1 Sam. 
 vii. 1.) But instead of having it carried on the shoulders 
 of the KohathUes as directed in the Law, he had it placed 
 on a new cart under the care of Uzzah and Ahio, sons 
 of Abinadab, The movement of the vehicle causing it 
 to be shaken, Zhzah put forth his hand to steady it, when 
 lie immediately fell dead. (1 Chron. xiii. 9.). David 
 alarmed, directly ordered the ' Ark ' to be placed in the 
 house of Obed-Eclom. But while here it t3rought such 
 blessings and prosperity to that family, that after three 
 months, David following the requirements of the Law, 
 put it under the care of the Levites, and brought it safely 
 to the Tabernacle which he had prepared on Mount Zion. 
 (2 Sam. vi ; 1 Chron. xv.) 1042. B. C. 
 
 400. The king now proposed to Nathan, the 
 prophet, to build a Temple for the Ark of the Lord : but 
 this was forbidden, and the honour transferred to his son, 
 because David 'had shed blood abundantly, and made 
 ' great wars.' Yet God promised — ' I will raise up thy 
 ' seed after thee, which shall be of thy sons ; and I will 
 * establish his kingdom. He shall build me an house, and 
 *1 will establish his throne for ever.' 
 
 401. David's successes. — The king now subdued 
 the Philistines, and the Moalites, and Hadadezer, king 
 of Zobah, submitted to him. David then chastised the 
 Syrians and made Damascus tributary : and returned to 
 Jerusalem with immense booty. In his march he en- 
 countered the IJdomites, and made them tributary. 
 (1010. B. c.) 2 Sam. viii ; 1 Chron. xiv. xviii. 
 
 402. Mephibosheth. — David remembering his 
 pledge to the aH'octionate Jonafha7i, discovered that he 
 had a son named Mephibosiieth, so called from being 
 lame in both his feet. (2 Sam. iv. 4.) He placed him 
 under the care of Ziba, an old servant of the late king ; ap- 
 pointed him a seat at the royal table, and restored to him 
 the property of Saul. (ih. ix.) 1010. B. c. Subsequently, 
 at the time of the rebellion of Absalom, Ziba having 
 
 399. AVhat occurred to Uzzah ? to Obed-Edom ? 
 
 400. Why was not David allowed to build the Temple ? 
 
 401. Relate some of David's successes. 402. AVho was 
 Mephibosheth ? what befel him ?
 
 B.C. 1034.] n. SAMUEL. 105 
 
 represented MepMlosTieth as taking part in that revolt, 
 David transferred to Ziba all the property {ib. xvi.) ; but 
 eventually, discovering the deception of Ziba, the king 
 restored to MepMhoslieth half of the possessions, {ib. xix.) 
 There was another Mephibosheth, a son of Saul by Rizpah^ 
 who was sacrificed to the vengeance of the Gibeonites. 
 {ib. xxi. 7, 8.). 
 
 403. Ammonite War. — On the death of Nahas\ 
 the Ammonite king, Dayid sent a message of condolence 
 to the young king Hanan ; but his servants being treated 
 with indignity, he despatched a large army under the 
 command of Joab to punish the Ammonites. They hired 
 an immense body of Syrian soldiers, and Joah sending his 
 brother Abishai against the Ammonite division of the 
 enemy, he himself fell upon the Syrian alli-es. The Israel- 
 ites were victorious. (1037. B. C.) But Hadadezer the 
 Syrian king, sent Shohach to redeem their defeat. David 
 went in person to oppose the Syrians, who were com- 
 pletely subdued, and the country made tributary. 1036. B.C. 
 
 404. Uriali slain. — Joab was next sent to complete 
 the subjugation of the Ammonites ; and he began by be- 
 sieging Eabbah. David was in Jerusalem, and was now 
 tempted to commit the sin of his life. He took Bafhsheba^ 
 the wife of Uriah tbe Hittite, a captain of the army before 
 Rabbah, and to conceal the infamy, David summoned 
 Uriah hoine ; and sent him back to Joab with a letter in 
 which he wrote — ' Set ye Uriah in the forefront of the 
 ' hottest battle, and retire ye from him that he may be 
 'smitten and die.' JbaS obeyed, and t^riaA fell a sacrifice 
 to the wickedness of the king. 2 Sam. xi. 1034. B. C. 
 
 405. Bathsheba. — The mourning for her husband 
 was scarcely passed, when Bathsheba was married to 
 David ; ' but the thing that David had done displeased 
 * the Lord ' ; and Nathan was sent to reprove the king. 
 The prophet laid before David in a parable the wrongs 
 of a poor man robbed of his ewe lamb by a rich, cruel, 
 and licentious neighbour. David indignant at the in- 
 justice, exclaimed, ' as the Lord hveth the man that hath 
 'done this thing shall surely die.' Nathan astounded the 
 king with the reply, ' Thou art the man ' ; and proceeded 
 to declare ' The sword shall never depart from thine 
 
 403. Eelate David's war with the Ammonites. 404 
 How came Uriah by his death ? 405. Who was Bath- 
 sheba? How did Nathan reprove David ?
 
 I06 „. SAMUEL. [2 Sam. xiii. 
 
 ' bouse ; I will raise up evil against thee out of thine own 
 * house. David's repentance however obtained for him 
 personal forgiveness ; and Batlisheba subsequently begat 
 Solomon (1033. B. c), called also Jedidiah. David now 
 assaulted Rabhah in person, took an immense amount of 
 booty, and completed the subjugation of the Ammonites. 
 2 Sam. xiii. 
 
 406. David's sons. — David had 15 sons, six born 
 in Hebron, and nine in Jerusalem; with some others. 
 (1 Chron. iii.). The most noted were the/owr following — 
 Amnon, Absalom, Adonijah, and Solomon. 
 
 407. Amnon was the eldest son of David, born of 
 Ahinoam ; he became deeply attached to his sister Tamar^ 
 which ended in her ruin. 1032. B. c. Absalom determined 
 to revenge her injury. After the lapse of two years, he 
 invited his brothers to an entertainment. During the 
 festival, Amnon was assassinated by order of his brother. 
 1030. B. c. when Absalom hastily fled to Geshur. 2 Sam. xiii. 
 
 408. Absalom, the second son of David, was born 
 of Maacah, the daughter of Talmai,^^?, of Geshur; he 
 was the handsomest man in Israel, and possessed of the 
 finest head of hair (2 Sam. xiv. 25.). He stayed three 
 years at Geshur under the protection of Talmai, his 
 grandfather, (2 Sam. xiii.) when by the interest of Joab^ 
 and the widow of Tekoa, who had worked upon the King's 
 paternal feelings, he was allowed to return to Jerusalem, 
 (1027. B. c.) and ultimately was received again into favour. 
 {ib. xiv.). But fearing he might be set aside on account 
 of his wicked conduct, he aspired to the government; and 
 even proclaimed himself king ,• David took alarm, and 
 fled from Jerusalem. (1023. B.C.). Absalom immediately 
 went to Jerusalem, where he was also received as king. 
 Ahiihophel, ui'ged Absalom to pursue his father imme- 
 diately with 12,000 men ; but this pursuit was over-ruled 
 by the council of Hushai, who had been sent by David 
 to counteract the intrigues of Ahiihophel. Ahithophel 
 foreseeing the result of Hnshai's advice retired to Giloh, 
 and there hanged himself (2 Sam. xv ; xvii. 23.). Absalom, 
 however marched against David ; an engagement ensued 
 at Mahanaim, in which the rebel army lost 20,000 killed. 
 Absalom fled through the forest of Ephraim, where his 
 
 406, AVho were the four most noted sons of David? 
 407. What was the fate of Amnon? 408. Give an 
 account of Absalom, his wicked conduct towards his 
 father, and his punishment. How did David receive the 
 tidings of his death ? Who was Ahithophel ?
 
 B.C. 1022,] II. SAMUEL. 107 
 
 hair becoming entangled in the branches of an oak, his 
 mule went from under him, and left him suspended from 
 the tree. Joah hastened after him and pierced him 
 through the heart: his body was cast into a pit, and 
 covered with a heap of stones. (2 Sam. xviii.). Dayid 
 was deeply grieved at the death of Absalom, and wept for 
 him. {ver. 33.) 
 
 409. Absalom's rebellion. — When David retired 
 from Jerusalem before Ab^^alom, he crossed Mount Olivet, 
 where Ziba treacherously misrepresented the conduct of 
 Mephibosheth ; and on arriving at Bahurim, Shimei of 
 the family of Saul cursed David, and threw stones at the 
 King and his followers. Abishai the brother of Joab 
 would have slain Shimei, but was forbidden by David ; 
 and he ultimately received the King's pardon. (2 Sam. 
 xvi. 5; xix. 18.). When David reached Mahanaim, 
 Barzillai the Gileadite of Rogelim brought provisions for 
 him and his forces : and after the defeat of Absalom, 
 David rewarded Barzillai' s kindness by offering him a 
 residence in his palace : but on account of his great age 
 and infirmity, being 80 years old, Barzillai requested the 
 honour to be given to his son Chimham. (2 Sam. xvi — 
 xix.) B.C. 1023. 
 
 410. Shaba's rebellion. — No sooner was the insur- 
 rection of Absalom quelled than the zeal of the tribe of 
 Judah in conducting David back to Jerusalem excited 
 the bitter jealousy of the other Tribes, and prompted 
 Sheba son of Bichri, a Benjamite, to revolt. Amasa, the 
 King's nephew who had been general of Absalom's forces, 
 but was now pardoned, was ordered to proceed against 
 Sheba; but not being punctual in obeying, Abishai was 
 despatched to stop the rebellion. Joab accompanied his 
 brother Abishai, and instigated by revenge assassinated 
 Amasa, and then pushed on to the city of Abel ; the 
 inhabitants to save themselves cut off the head of Sheba 
 and threw it over the wall into the midst of Joab's forces : 
 thus putting an end to the revolt. (2 Sam. xx. 6—20.). 
 B. c. 1022. 
 
 411. Three Years' Famine. — Shortly after 2i famine 
 for three successive years oppressed the Land of Israel. 
 David enquired of the Lord, and discovered that it was 
 an infliction on account of Saul's slaughter of the Gibeon- 
 ites. This was an act of cruelty, as well as a pubho 
 
 409. What befel David in his flight ? 410. What did 
 Sheba ? 411. How were the Gibeonites appeased ?
 
 I08 n. SAMUEL. [2 Sam. xxiv. 
 
 violation of that solemn oath of security given to them by 
 Joshua, and the princes of Israel. {Josh. ix.). David 
 asked the Gibeonites what would satisfy them, and they 
 demanded seven men of the family of Saul to be hung up 
 before the Lord in Gibeon (Gibeah). David surrendered 
 them, and when they were executed, the famine ceased. 
 1019. B. c. Eizpah's maternal affection led her to watch 
 the bodies of her sons day and night, to keep off birds and 
 beasts. (2 Sam. xxi. 1—14). 
 
 412. Numbering the people. — David after all 
 these successes was tempted to commit another transgres- 
 sion by numbering the people ; which was in opposition to 
 the Divine will. The prophet Gad came to the King by 
 the command of God, and denounced punishment on 
 David for his transgression. He offered him the choice 
 of three visitations — a 7 years' famine (3 years', in 1 Chr. 
 xxi. 12.) — a 3 months' defeat in war — or a 3 days' pesti- 
 lence. The King preferred trusting to the mercy of God, 
 and therefore chose the last. But after 70,000 of his 
 people had perished, with a penitent heart he bought the 
 threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite for 50 shekels of 
 silver, and there built an altar, and prayed that the 
 plague might be stayed. The Almighty heard him, and 
 the plagued ceased. 2 Sam. xxiv.; 1 Chron. xxiv. 1017. B. C. 
 
 413. David's declining days. — David's life now 
 drawing to a close, he collected the materials for building 
 the Temple; and remembering the predictions o{ Nathan 
 he appointed Solomon to succeed him ; and after inform- 
 ing him of the divine election, instructed him in the 
 details of his duty. 1 Chiton, xxii. lOlG. B.C. 
 
 414. Adonijah, the son of David by Haggith, 
 aimed at su])erseding Solomon, and obtaining the govern- 
 ment before David's death. He bought over Joab the 
 captain general, and Abiathar the chief-priest, and at 
 once assumed the state and privileges of sovereignty. 
 But David directed 2^dok, Nathan, and Benaiah, to 
 conduct Solomon to Gihon, and there proclaim him 
 King. The party of Adonijah was in consequence broken 
 up. Solomon forgave Adonijah, in this matter ; but his 
 intrigues at a subsequent period caused Solomon to order 
 him to be put to death. (1 Kings i. ii.) 
 
 412. How was David punished for numbering the 
 people? Where was the pestilence .sent upon David 
 stayed? 41.3. Who was to succeed him? 414. What 
 was the conduct of Adonijah ?
 
 B.C. I0I5.] 11. SAMUEL. 109 
 
 415. David's death. — David now oppressed with 
 the infirmities of age, and decHning health, summoned all 
 his counsellors and officers. He then directed the ar- 
 rangements of the service for the House of the Lord — 
 gave orders for the management of the mihtary depart- 
 ment, and of the royal domains (1 Chron. xxiii— xxvii.), 
 and aftervrards died, aged 71 years, (1 Kings ii. 1 — 11.), 
 after a reign of 7 years at Hebron, and 33 at Jerusalem, 
 making altogether 40 years. 1015. B. C. 2939. A. M. He 
 was buried in that part of Jerusalem called the ' City 
 of David: 
 
 416. Music, Singing, and Public Offices. — David 
 ordered the various services of the Levites, adding music, 
 and singing, to the appointed service of God. (1 Chron. 
 xvi. 37—42; xxv.) He ornamented and fortified Jerusa- 
 lem (2 Sam. V. 4 — 11.) ; and made preferment in the 
 army dependent upon valour. (2 Sam. xxiii. 8—13; 
 1 Chron. xi. 20—47.). He also estabhshed different de- 
 partments of public aflairs : a commander-in-chief; a 
 recorder, or public historian ; and a King's secretary. 
 (2 Sam. viii. 16, 17.) 
 
 417. Joab exercised great influence over David, 
 and being a popular man with the army the King dared 
 not call him to account for acts of disobedience ; neither 
 for the murders of Abner, and Amasa; nor for the death 
 of Absalom. Jbafi was cruel, revengeful, and imperious; 
 and on the rebellion of Adonijah in David's old age, Joab 
 having sided with him, David on his death-bed counselled 
 Solomon to punish him for his crimes; and he was 
 eventually put to death. 
 
 418. David's character. — David was a prophet, 
 and an eminent type of our Saviour; he composed the 
 greater part of the Psalms, which were written by Divine 
 inspiration, and foretold many things concerning Christ. 
 {Lv.Jce xxiv. 44 ; Acts h. 29, 30.) The chief blemishes 
 of David's life were his conduct to Bathsheha, his effect- 
 ing the death of Uriah, and his pride in numbering the 
 people. 
 
 415. When did David die? 416. What addition did 
 David make to the appointed service of God? 417. 
 AVhence arose the influence of Joab with David ? What 
 was the end of Joab? By whose orders was he put to 
 death? 418. What was the character of David? What 
 were his writings ? what Avere his chief sins? 
 
 K
 
 no I. ElIfGS. [1 Kings u. 
 
 I. fXinp. 
 
 2989. A. M. 1015. B. a 
 
 419. The turn Books of Kings are supposed to 
 have been written by Ezra, although some have ascribed 
 them to Jeremiah ; and some, to Isaiah. 
 
 420. The First Book of Kings embraces a period 
 of 126 years, from the last year of David's reign 1015. B. c. 
 to the death of Jehoshaphat, 889. B.C.; it describes the 
 conspiracy of Adonijah; the death of David; the reign of 
 Solomon ; the revolt of the Ten Tribes, and formation of 
 the two Kingdoms of Israel and Judah j and the reigns 
 of their Kings down to Jehoshaphat. 
 
 421. Solomon. — On the death of David, 1015. B. c. 
 Solomon by the express declaration of God succeeded 
 to the throne ; among his first acts was the putting of his 
 brother Adonijah to death for rebellion. 
 
 422. Joab, and Shimei likewise vrere condemned 
 to lose their lives. Joab hastened the day of punishment 
 by plotting with Adonijah against Solomon ; he was 
 slain by Benaiah, the son of Jehoiada, at the command 
 of the King. {\ Kings u. 'i^.) -R. C. \0U. 
 
 423. Tiie high-priest Abiathar having also abet- 
 ted the conspiracy of Adonijah ; he was banished by 
 Solomon to his native city Anathoth, his life being 
 spared for the services he had rendered David. Zadok 
 succeeded him in the priesthood. 
 
 424. Solomon's power. — Wlien at Gibeon, sacri- 
 ficing to the Lord, God said to Solomon in a dream 'Ask 
 what 1 shall give thee.' The King immediately desired 
 'wisdom and knowledge' (2 Chron. i. 7—10.); 'an under- 
 * standing heart to judge Thy people, that I may discern 
 
 419. Who was the author of the Books of Kings? 
 420. What period is embraced in the first Book of Kings ? 
 AVhat docs it describe ? 421. "What was one of the first 
 acts of Solomon on coming to the throne ? 422. How 
 did Joab hasten the day of his punishment? 423. What 
 befel Abiathar ? 424. What did God say to Solomon in 
 a dream when at Gibeon, and what was the king's reply ?
 
 B.C. ion.] 1. KINGS. Ill 
 
 * between good and bad.' This was granted to him; and 
 as he had not requested worldly and selfish advantages, 
 the Almighty super-added riches and honor far beyond 
 what all his predecessors had possessed, or any successor 
 would enjoy. 1 Kings iii. 5—14, 
 
 His wisdom. — Solomon became the wisest of 
 mankind. The first display of his wisdom occurred in a 
 claim which was set up by two women to an infant child. 
 Each asserted to be the mother of the child brought 
 before him. Solomon ordered the child to be cut in two, 
 and be divided between them; whence the solicitude of 
 the real mother gave up her claim, rather than her child 
 should be injured, (ib. 16—28.). 
 
 425. SMmei, who had cursed David when at 
 Mahanaim (2 Sam. xvi. 7, 8.), had been pardoned by the 
 late king; yet David said to Solomon ' hold him not guilt- 
 ' less, for thou art a wise man, and knowest what thou 
 ' oughtest to do unto him ; but his hoar head bring thou 
 •down to the grave with blood.' (1 Kings ii. 8, 9.). So 
 SMmei was ordered by SoLOiioN to take up his abode in 
 Jerusalem, where he was to reside under penalty of death. 
 SMmei obeyed three years, when two of his servants 
 running away, he pursued them to Gath, Solomon imme- 
 diately ordered him to be put to death for transgressing 
 his command. (1 Kings ii. 36—46.). B.C. 1011. 
 
 426. Extent of his kingdom. — Peace now pre- 
 vailed, and the kingdom of Israel attained its greatest 
 extent. Solomon ruled over all the countries from beyond 
 the Euphrates to the Nile ; and his neighbours either 
 paid him tribute, or were his allies ; and he had horses, 
 and chariots of war in abundance. Hiram kiiig of Tyre, 
 congratulated him on his accession, and sub.^eqr.ently 
 assisted him with ilien and materials for building the 
 Temple of the Lord. The king of Tyre also sent builders, 
 and masons, and skilful workers in metal, wood, and 
 linen, and in dyeing, and carving. 1 Kings v. 8—12; 
 2 Chron. ii. 7—15. 
 
 427. The Temple. — Solomon now laid tlie founda- 
 
 425. What became of Shimei? ■'42r>. '^Vuatwasthe 
 extent, and condition of Solomon's kingdom just before 
 building the Temple? To what king was Solomon in- 
 debted for assistance in the erection of the Temple? To 
 what nation had Solomon recourse for builders, and 
 wood-carvers? 427. By whom, when, and where, was 
 the Temple built? On what Mount ?
 
 112 I. KINGS. [1 Kings vi. 
 
 tioTi of the Temple with great map;iiificeiiee. 1012. b. c. 
 2992, A. M. He spent neaVly four j^ears in getting to- 
 gether the materials, and he completed it in seven and a 
 half years, (1 Kings vi, 38.) 1004, B.C. 3000. A.M. He 
 erected it on Mount lloriah, near Mount Zion, in Jeru- 
 salem, where Abraham had offered Isaac {Gen. xxii.), 
 and where the angel had appeared to David over the 
 threshing-floor of Araunah when the pestilence was 
 stayed. (2 Sam. xxiv. 18; 1 Chron. xxi. 15.), The form of 
 the building, and the treasure and materials, had been 
 supplied by David : who obtained the pattern through 
 Divine teaching 'by the Spirit'— (1 Chron. xxviii. 12. 19.). 
 and the 'stone was made ready beforehand, so that there 
 ' was neither hammer, nor axe, nor any tool of iron heard 
 'in the House while it was in building.' (1 Kings vi. 7.). 
 
 428. Who employed. — In the construction of thi3 
 great building, there were employed 70,000 Canaanites, 
 in carrying burdens; 80,000 in cutting stone out of the 
 quarries, and wood in the mountains ; 3,G0O overseers of 
 the works ; 30,000 Israehtes in the quarries and forests of 
 Libanus. 
 
 429. Its Dedication. — In the dedication of the 
 Temple in the following year, (1003. B. c. 3001. A. M.) 
 there were sacrificed 22,000 oxen, and 120,000 sheep, for 
 peace-olfe rings. The 'Ark' was deposited in the Most 
 Holy place; and tire coming down from heaven, con- 
 sumed the sacrifices, and the glory of the Lord filled the 
 whole Tem])le. (2 Chron. v. 11—14; vii. 1.) The Mosaic 
 Tabernacle at Gibeon was taken down, and stowed away 
 among the treasures of the Temple. The Tabernacle of 
 David remained, and its spiritual worship, is supposed to 
 have given rise to Synagogues. 
 
 430. Its Extent. — The portion of the Temple 
 devoted to Divine Service was similar in form to the 
 Tabernacle, but much larger : the Temple is supposed to 
 have been about 140ft, long: the Porch 20 ft, (1 Kings 
 vi. 3.); the Holy-place 80 ft. {ib. 17.); and the Most 
 Iloly-placc 40 ft. (2 Chron. iii. 8.); the width was 40 ft. 
 (2 Chron. iii. 3,), and the height 00 ft, (1 Kings vi. 2.) the 
 Porch, however, was 210 ft, high (2 Chron. iii. 4.). 
 
 428, How many men were employed in the construc- 
 tion of the Temple ? 429. Give the date of the dedica- 
 tion of the Temi)le? What were the sacrifices at its 
 dedication? 430. What was the form, and what were 
 the dimensions of the Temple?
 
 B.C. I003.] 1. KIXGS. 113 
 
 431. Its destruction. — This Temple continued 
 33 years, when it was plundered by Shishak^ king of 
 J^gypt, 971. B.C. (1 Kings xiv. 25, 26; 2 Chron, xii. 0.). 
 King Joash put it in repair. B. C. 856. (2 Kinrjs xii. 11.) 
 But Ahaz plundered it to satisfy the demands of Tiglath- 
 Pileser, b. C. 740 : HezeJciah also, to bribe Sennacherib. 
 B. c. 726. But the greatest spoliator was Nebuchadnezzar 
 inB. c. 606; and again in B.C. 599: at last he utterly- 
 destroyed it in the reign of Zedekiah, 588. B. C. : having 
 stood, about 424 years, 3 months, and 8 days. 
 
 432. The Second Temple. — After laying in ruins 
 52 years, the foundation of the Second Temple was laid 
 by Zerubhahel, JesJina, the High-priest, and the Jews, by- 
 permission of Cjjrus, 536. B.C. {Ezra i. 1 — 4; ii. 1; iii. 
 8—10.) ; but they were interrupted 15 years through the 
 misrepresentations of the Samaritans, {Ezra iv. 1 — 24.). 
 They resumed their task in the second year of Darius, 
 and in the sixth, it was completed, and dedicated, {Ezra 
 vi. 15, 16.), after having been begun 21 years. 515. B. c. 
 3489. A. M. 
 
 433. The Second Temple was in breadth, and 
 height, twice as large as that of Solomon's, but it was 
 inferior in glory; wanting j^ue principal things: viz. (1) 
 the Ark, the Mercy-seat; (2) the Divine presence, the 
 visible glory of the Shechinah; (3) the holy fire of the 
 altar ; (4) the Urim and Thummim ; and (5) the spirit of 
 prophecy. 
 
 434. The Second Temple was plundered and 
 profaned by Aniiochus Epipkanes (170. B. c), when the 
 worship of God was suspended for 3 years, (1 3Ia€. iv. 
 52.), but it was restored by Judas Maccabeus. In the 
 time of Herod it was almost rebuilt. (17. b. c). 
 
 435. The Temple of Herod. — Herod employed 
 2 years in preparing the materials. (B.C. 17.) and it 
 was fit for Divine Service in 9i years, yet not quite com- 
 
 431. When, and by whom was Solomon's Temple de- 
 stroyed ? 432. When, and by whom was the second 
 Temple begun ? When was it finished ? 433. In what 
 respects was it different from the first ? , 434. What 
 was the fate of the Second Temple ? How many Temples 
 were there at Jerusalem, and who built them? 435. 
 Describe Herod's Temple. AVhen, and by whom was it 
 destroyed ? 
 
 K2
 
 114 I. EINGS. [1 Kings xl 
 
 pleted in the time of our Saviour; it became the admira- 
 tion and envy of the world ; but, as our Saviour predicted 
 {3Iark xiii. 2.), it was demolished by Titus, 70. a. d. on 
 the same day of the same month, on which Solomon's 
 Temple had been destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar. 
 
 436. It w^as the personal presence of Christ in 
 the Temple built by Zerubbabel, and from whence issued 
 in later years the 'Gospel of Peace,' that verified the 
 prophecy of Haggai, that ' the glory of this latter house 
 ' shall be greater than of the former.' {Hagg. ii. 9.). 
 
 437. Solomon's fame. — After the erection of the 
 Temple, Solomon built costly palaces for himself, and his 
 queens ; fortified many cities', and extended the commerce 
 of his country. Solomon also had a navy of ships at 
 JEziongeher, at the head of the eastern arm of the Ked- 
 Sea ; whence he traded largely with Ophir, in southern 
 Arabia, and with Tarshish (or Tartessus) in the south of 
 Si)ain, and also along the shores of the Mediterranean. 
 Adjoining Ophir was Sheha, whose Queen being informed 
 of the wealth, power, magnificeDce, and wisdom of Solo- 
 mon, came with valuable presents to satisfy her mind that 
 all that had been reported was true. (1 Kings x. G, 7; 
 J/a/^. xii. 42 ; lAikexi. 31.). The gold trade with Oi)Mr 
 was such that ' all the drinking vessels, and the vessels of 
 ' the house were of pure gold,' (1 Kings x. 21.) ; ' and the 
 ' King made silver to be in Jerusalem as stones,' {ih. 27.) ; 
 a vast trade was also carried on in corn, wine, oil, timber, 
 gems, and spices, besides gold and silver. 
 
 438. His errors. — This wonderful prosperity, in- 
 stead of warming his heart with gratitude and thankful- 
 ness, led Solomon to turn aside from the Divine Law, 
 and forget God. He had also numerous wives (1 Kings 
 xi. 3.), who turned his heart from Jehovah and induced 
 him to worship other gods, and even to build temples for 
 them on the Mount of Olives opposite to the Temple of 
 Jehovah. He worshipped AsJdoreth, of the Zidonians, 
 and Moloch (or Mileoni), of the Ammonites, and Chemosh 
 of the Moabites. The Ijord then said to him in a dream 
 —'as thou hast not kei)t My covenant and My statutes, 
 ' which I have commanded thee, I will surely rend the 
 'kingdom from thee, aud will give it to thy servants.' 
 1 Kings xi. 11. 
 
 430. How was the prophecy fulfilled that the Second 
 Temi»lc should excel the first? 437. What was the famo 
 of Solomon ? 438. What were Solomon's errors 'i
 
 B.C. 975.] 1, KINGS. 115 
 
 439. Solomon's troubles, and death.— The enormous 
 expences incurred in building the Temple, the. Royal 
 Palaces, and other public works, together with the ex- 
 travagant expenditure of the King, forced him to impose 
 oppressive taxes on the people. Hadacl, a young prince 
 of Edom, now attempted to regain his paternal posses- 
 sions, by allying himself to a powerful free-booter named 
 Sezon, who'had revolted from Hadade^er King of Zobah; 
 and the two succeeded in taking from Solomon, Syria, 
 Damascus, and part of Edora. 
 
 440. Jeroboam, Solomon's commissioner of taxes 
 over the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh, was at this 
 time met by the prophet Akijah, who taking a new 
 garment from off the shoulders of Jeroboam, rent it into 
 twelve pieces, saying, — 'Take thee ten i^ieces ; for thus 
 *saith the Lord, the God of Israel, Behold I will rend the 
 ' Kingdom out of the hand of Solomon, and will give ten 
 ' tribes to thee because they have forsaken me, and have 
 
 * worshipped Ashtoreth, kc ' But Jeroboam being too 
 
 impatient to wait Solomon's death, excited a revolt; 
 which ended in his flying to Egypt, and seeking the pro- 
 tection of ShisJiak its King. SoLOMON at length died 
 at the age of 58 years, after a reign of 40 years, 975. B. c; 
 and he was buried in the city of David. (1 Kings xi-^ 
 2 Chron. ix.). 
 
 441. Solomon's Writings. — Of all the works 
 written by Solomon, three only exist : viz. the Book§ of 
 JProverbs, Kcclesiastes, and the Canticles or Solomon's 
 Song : 1004 of his poems are said to have perished. Some 
 have thought he wrote the ' £ooJc of Wisdom,' and of 
 
 * Kcclesiasticus.' 
 
 442. Eehoboam. — On the death of Solomon, his 
 son JReJioboam succeeded to the throne at the age of 41 
 years. The people supplicated a remission of their enor- 
 mous burdens : the King consulted the aged counsellors 
 of his father, who recommended him to conciliate the 
 people. Kehoboam also conferred with his young com- 
 panions, who urged a very opposite course. The King 
 
 439. What were Solomon*s troubles ? 440. What 
 occurred to Jeroboam? AYhen did Solomon die ? 441. 
 What Books of the Old Testament were written by 
 Solomon ? 442. Who succeeded Solomon ? Who was 
 Rehoboam ? What was the occasion of the revolt of the 
 Ten Tribes ?
 
 II 6 I.KINGS. [1 Kings xii. 
 
 preferring the counsel of the latter, answered — ' My 
 * father did lade you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your 
 ' yoke : my Father hath chastised you with whips, but I 
 ' will chastise you with scorpions.' (1 Kinffs xii. 11.). 
 
 443. The Revolt. — Ten Tribes immediately in- 
 vited Jeroboam to return from Egypt, and elected him 
 King. Rehohoam, collected an army of 180,000 men in 
 order to bring back the Ten Tribes to their obedience; 
 but God by the niouth of the prophet Shemaiah forbid 
 the people of Judah to war against their brethren the 
 children of Israel : Rehoboam was therefore compelled 
 to submit to be King of the two tribes of Judah and 
 Benjamin ; Avhile Jeroboam reigned over the Ten Tribes. 
 
 444. Two Nations. — The nation was thus divided 
 into two Kingdoms, b. c. 975. (1 Kings xii ; 2 Chron. x.) : 
 the Two Tribes forming the Kingdom of Judah under 
 Eehoboam ; and the Ten Tribes the Kingdom of Israel 
 under J eroboam. 
 
 445. Jerusalem. — Shechem. — Rehoboam made 
 Jeriisalem the capital of his kingdom; it was in the tribe 
 of Benjamin, 25 miles west of the Jordan ; in the time of 
 Abraham it was called Salem; and when the Israelites 
 took possession of Canaan it was called Jebus, whence 
 Jebus-salem^ or Jerusalem. Jeroboam made ShecJiem in 
 the tribe of Benjamin, the capital of his kingdom. 
 
 ISEAEL, 
 
 446. Jeroboam was the son of Nebat, an Eph- 
 raimite, and fearing that the Ten Tribes by going to offer 
 sacrifices at the Temple of Jerusalem, might return to 
 their obedience to Rehoboam, set up ttvo golden calves 
 and altars at Dan and Bethel, the two extremities of his 
 kingdom, where sacrifices were to be offered to prevent 
 
 443. At the revolt of the Ten Tribes whom did they 
 make their king? Give the date B.C. of the revolt of 
 the Ten Tribes? 441. What were the two nations? 
 445. What towns were the capitals of the two respective 
 Kingdoms ? In what tribe was Jerusalem situated ? 
 What was the name of Jerusalem previous to its capture 
 by Joshua ? 44G. Who was Jeroboam ? What means 
 were cmi)loyed by Jeroboam to prevent the Ten Tribes 
 from returning to the house of David ? Why were the 
 two calves of gold set up ? What was Jeroboam's sin ?
 
 B. c. 954.] I. KTtsQS. I ^ 7 
 
 them going to Jerusalem ; he also made priests ( j,,„^g7 
 from the lowest of the people. This sin was his ( 
 ruin. (1 Kings xii.). 
 
 447. Jerohoam also instituted a Feast in imita- 
 tion of the Peast of Tabernacles, and took upon himself 
 the office of high-priest and offered the sacrifices. God. 
 sent to him a prophet from Judah, who cried out against 
 the altar : ' O altar ! behold a child shall be born unto 
 'the house of David, Josiah by name, and upon thee 
 'shall he offer the priests of the high places that burn 
 
 * incense upon thee, and men's bones shall be burnt upon 
 'thee: — and he gave a sign, saying, the altar shall be 
 
 * rent, and the ashes that are upon it shall be poured out.' 
 1 Kings xiii. 
 
 448. Jerohoam attempted to seize the prophet, 
 but his hand withered ; the altar also was rent, and the 
 ashes poured out as predicted ; but the prophet, by God's 
 permission, restored his hand to him again (1 Kings xiii.) : 
 and, as foretold, the altar was destroyed 350 years after by 
 Josiah, king of Judah. Jerohoam, invited the prophet 
 home, but he replied 'it was charged me by the word 
 of the Lord, saying — eat no bread, nor drink water, 
 ' nor turn again by the same way that thou camest ;' so 
 he returned by another way. 
 
 449. The Prophet disobedient. — An old prophet 
 of Bethel hastened after the young prophet, and begged 
 him to return, telling him that an angel had sent him to 
 bring him back. Upon this the prophet of Judah turned 
 back with him. The Lord now reproved the prophet of 
 Judah for his disobedience, and declared — 'thy carcase 
 'shall not come into the sepulchre of thy fathers.' On 
 renewing his journey, the disohedient prophet was met by 
 a lion, and slain, and his body taken back to Bethel, and 
 buried by the old prophet. 1 Kings xiii. 
 
 450. His Son's illness. — Notwithstanding this, 
 Jerohoam continued his idolatrous practices, and God 
 
 447. TVhat manifestation of God's displeasure hap- 
 pened to Jeroboam w^hen sacrificing at Bethel? What 
 did the prophet who came to Jeroboam at Bethel pro- 
 phecy? 448. What king of Judah is connected with 
 the transaction ? How ^^■as it fulfilled ? By whom was 
 the altar at Bethel afterwards destroyed? 449. What 
 is related about the disobedient prophet ? 450. What 
 other warning was given to Jeroboam ?
 
 1 1 8 I. Kiyas. [1 Kings XV. 
 
 in meroy gave him another -warning. His son ( j„„_g7 
 Ahijah being dangerously ill, he sent his wife in ( 
 disguise to consult the prophet Ahijah, who was blind. 
 On the arrival of the Queen, the prophet by divine 
 inspiration exclaimed 'Come in thou wife of Jeroboam; 
 'why feignest thou thj^self to be another? for I am sent 
 'to thee with heavy tidings.' He then predicted the 
 death of the king's son, and that he alone of the house of 
 Jeroboam would die a natural death. The Queen had no 
 sooner returned than Ahijah died, according to the word 
 of God. (1 Kings xiv. 1—18.). 
 
 451. His Death. — Jerohoam at length died, 
 after a reign of 22 years, (954. b. c), and the memory of 
 his iniquity is perpetuated by the title of 'who made 
 Israel io sin,' which always follows the mention of his 
 name ; he was succeeded by his son Nadab. 
 
 452. Nadab reigned nearly two years, walking in 
 the sin of his father : he was killed by Baasha, his 
 general ; who usurped the kingdom, and destroyed the 
 whole race of Jeroboam, as Ahijah had prophesied. 
 (1 Kings xv. 29.) B. C. 953. 
 
 453. Baasha reigned over Israel 23 years, as 
 wickedly as his predecessors. He made war with Judah, 
 in which he was successful : but Asa king of Judah, 
 having subsidized Benhadad, the Syrian, to make an 
 incursion on the north of Israel, Baasha recalled his 
 forces from Judah. At length, the prophet Jehu, was 
 sent by the Almighty to warn him of his wicked course, 
 and to foretell the destruction of his house. He died at 
 Tirzah, now the royal city instead of Shechem, and was 
 succeeded by his son Elah. 955—930. B. c. 
 
 454. Elah, after a reign of nearly two years, was 
 assassinated by one of his ollio^rs named Ziniri, ' while he 
 • was in Tirzah drinking himself drunk in the house of 
 ' Arza his steward.' B. c. 930—929. 
 
 455. Zimri attempted to occupy the vacant 
 throne ; and put to death the whole family of Baasha, 
 
 451. When did Jeroboam die ? how long did he 
 reign ? What is the title by which the memory of his 
 conduct is perpetuated ? 452. By whom was ho suc- 
 ceeded ? 4.53. What was done by Baasha? 454. Who 
 succeeded Baasha in Israel? What became of Elah? 
 <l5y. What was Zimri'a end ?
 
 B.C. 910.] I.KINGS. 119 
 
 thus fulfilling the prediction of the prophet JeTiu. C t.^^^j 
 But the army at Gibbethon elected Omri, the \ -'*^^^^' 
 captain of the host, to fill the throne. Omri hastened to 
 Tirzah, when Zlmri despairing of success set fire to his 
 palace, and was burnt in the midst, (1 Kings xvi. 15—22.;, 
 after reigning but seven days. B. c. 929. 
 
 456. Omri, on acquiring the crown, founded the 
 city of Samaria, in the tribe of Ephraim, which now 
 became the capital of the kingdom of Israel; it was 
 about 40 miles north of Jerusalem, situated on a hill, 
 which derived its name from Shemer or Shomer, of whom 
 it was purchased by Omri. 
 
 457. Tibni. — Omri was opposed by Tibni six 
 years, when the latter dying, Omri reigned over all 
 Israel ] 2 years ; — six at 1 irzah, and six at Samaria. He 
 was succeeded by his son, the notorious Ahab. 929—918. 
 B.c.^ 
 
 458. Ahab, son of Omri, exceeded the wicked- 
 ness of his predecessors, (1 Kings xvi. 29.) : he married 
 Jezebel, the daughter of Eth-Eaal, the king of the Zido- 
 nians, who introduced the idols of Baal, (the Sun), and 
 Astarte, (Ashtaroth, the Moon), into Israel, and engaged 
 Ahab and the people in their worship. 
 
 459. Jericho rebuilt. — In the midst of this 
 impiety [Hielihe Bethelite rebuilt Jericho; he laid the 
 ' foundation thereof in Abiram his first-born, and set up 
 ' the gates thereof in his youngest son Segub.' 1 Kings xvi. 
 34. Thus fulfilling the curse pronounced by Joshua. 
 
 460. Elijah — Obadiah. — It was now that God 
 sent Elijah the prophet, to reprove Ahab, and punish him 
 with a three years' famine. B. c. 910. Elijah retired to 
 the brook Cherith, where he was miraculously fed by 
 Havens bringing him bread and flesh morning and even- 
 ing, and he drank of the brook. When the water failed 
 in consequence of the great drought, he went by Divine 
 guidance to the house of a poor wicloio of Sarephath (or 
 Sarepta) near Sidon, who had an only son. Here he 
 
 456. "Who was the founder of Samaria ? "Where is it 
 situated ? 457. Who reigned over part of Israel during 
 the time of Omri ? How long did Omri reign ? by whom 
 was he succeeded ? 458. Give a short account of Ahab ? 
 Who was Jezebel ? 459. What was fulfilled at the re- 
 building of Jericho ? 460. What remarkable prophet 
 arose in the time of Ahab ? How was Elijah sustained ?
 
 1 20 I. KINGS. [1 Kings xix. 
 
 lived upon tlie woman's larrel of meal, and cruse ( Tg^„„i 
 of oil, which miraculously failed not in their 1 
 supply: and when the widow's son died Elijah raised 
 him to life. 
 
 461. Jezebel put to death all the prophets of the 
 Lord she could find ; and there was believed to be but 
 one living, although the Almighty knew of 7000 men 
 who had not bowed the knee to Baal. Ohadiah also, the 
 governor of Ahab's house, had concealed 'a hundred 
 ' prophets by fifty in a cave, and fed them with bread and 
 * water.' (xviii. 4—19.). 
 
 462. The Prophets of Baal. — At the end of 
 three years, Elijah by Divine direction appeared before 
 Ahab, 90G. B. c. He requested the king to gather all 
 the prophets of Baal, and the people of Israel on Mount 
 Carrael, there to be convinced whether Jehovah was God. 
 or Baal ? — each party offered a sacrifice ; that of Baal 
 remained unchanged, while that of Elijah, though water 
 was thrice poured over it, was consumed by fire from 
 heaven. At the command of Elijah, the prophets of Baal 
 were then immediately slain at the brook Kishon ; and at 
 the praver of the i)rophet rain fell, and the famine ceased 
 B.C. 90G, (1 Kings ^V\\\.). 
 
 463. Elijah escapes. — Immediately after, 
 Jezebel sought the life of Elijah, who fled into Arabia, 
 where an angel fiirnished him with ' a cake baken on the 
 coals and a cruse -rf vvater at his head,' in the strength of 
 which he was sustained 40 days and 40 nights. He then 
 went to Ilurch, vvhcre he was impressed with the appear- 
 ance of a stni.ig Wind, an earthquake, and then fire; but 
 the Lord was present in a 'still small voice,' and the 
 prophet was directed to return and anoint Hazael as the 
 future hlier of Syria, Jehu as king of Israel, and Elisha 
 to succeed him as the prophet of the Lord. 
 
 464. SviiiAN Invasion. — Benhadad, king of 
 Syria, next entered Israel, with a large army, and de- 
 manded of Ahab everything he possessed. The king of 
 Israel seeing no possibility of resisting, offered to hold the 
 kingdom as a dependency of Syria, Benhadad then de- 
 manded that his servants should plunder the land. Ahab 
 
 4G1. What did Obadiah? 402. ITow did Elijah de- 
 stroy the idolatrous priests? 4G3. What occurred to 
 Elijah when hiding from Jezebel? 4G4. How did Ahab 
 overcome Benhadad ?
 
 B.C.900.1 1. KINGS. 12 T 
 
 resisted this degradation, and under the direction f t ^^ j 
 of God, he sent 7000 men against the Syrian ( -^^^"^'" 
 forces, who taken by surprise fled in dismay, and JBenha- 
 dad had a narrow escape of his hfe B. c. 901. 
 
 465. In the following year, the Syrian king 
 renewed his invasion; and Ahab again counselled by a 
 *man of God,' attacked the Syrians, and Benhadad him- 
 self surrendered to the king of Israel. Ahah however 
 entered into a covenant with him, and suffered hira to 
 depart: all which was contrary to the Divine will; and 
 the lives of Aliah and his people were in consequence to 
 be forfeited, b. c. 900. 1 Kings xx. 
 
 466. ISTaboth's Vineyard. — In the following 
 year, Ahah offered to purchase the vineyard of Nahoth of 
 Jezreel, who having refused, Jezebel, unknown to Ahab, 
 had him put to death under a false accusation of blasphe- 
 ming God, and of treason to the king. Ahab now took 
 possession of the vineyard ; Elijah then declared ' Hast 
 
 thou killed and also taken possession ; in the place where 
 'dogs licked the blood of Naboth shall dogs lick thy 
 * blood ;' and ' I will take away thy posterity ;' he also 
 added ' the dogs shall eat Jezebel by the wall of Jezreel/ 
 899. B. C. 1 Kings xxi. 19- 23. 
 
 467. Ahab's death. — The terrified Ahah, now 
 became deeply humbled, and with fasting and in sack- 
 cloth sincerely repented of his misdeeds; wherefore the 
 Almighty graciously deferred the punishment to his son's 
 days. 1 Kings xxi. About three years afterwards, Ahah 
 prepared to attack Benhadad. At this juncture, Jehosha- 
 phat King of Judah was in Samaria on a visit to the 
 King of Israel. Ahab, having pointed out to him the 
 justice of the war, solicited Jehoshaphat to join him 
 against Benhadad. The King of Judah consented, but 
 recommended that inquiry should first be made of the 
 Lord. The false prophets of Ahah promised him success ; 
 but this not satisfying Jehoshaphat, AJiah sent for Micaiah 
 the son of Imlah, a true prophet of the Lord, who 
 however foretold the contrary. Ahah in anger committed 
 Micaiah to prison, and the two Kings marched to the 
 attack of Hamoth Gilead. Ahah although disguised was 
 
 465. "What happened at the second invasion? 46G. 
 How did Ahab obtain the possession of Naboth's vine- 
 yard? What prophet foretold the death of Ahab, and 
 his wife? 467. How were his predictions fulfilled? 
 AYhy was Jezebel condemned to so ignominious an end ? 
 
 L
 
 ^22 t. KINGS. [1 Kings xxii. 
 
 mortally wounded by an arrow shot 'at a '^en- fj^^; 
 ture/ and died at even, and the blood ran out of ( 
 the wound into the midst of the chariot. B. c. 897. Ahah 
 was brought to Samaria, and his chariot and harness 
 were washed in the pool of Samaria; and there the 
 dogs licked up his blood, as the prophet Elijah had pre- 
 dicted. (1 Kings xxii.). He was succeeded by his son 
 Ahaziah. 
 
 468. Jezebel, according to the prediction of Elijah 
 a few years after met a violent death : she was thrown 
 out of a window in Jezreel at the command of Jehu, 
 a subsequent King, and was trampled to death under the 
 horses' feet; when they returned to bury her, 'they 
 
 * found no more of her than the scull, and the feet, and 
 
 * the palms of her hands;' the dogs having eaten her flesh, 
 so that they could not say, this is Jezebel. 2 Kings ix. 
 30-37. 
 
 469. Ahaziah followed the impiety of his father 
 Ahab, and reigned nearly two years: and attempted in 
 conjunction with JeJioshaphat King of Judah, to re-estab- 
 lish commerce with Ophir, as in the days of Solomon : but 
 God forbid this alliance, and the ships were all wrecked. 
 (2 Chron. xx, 35 — 7.) Ahaziah soon after fell through the 
 lattice of an upper chamber; upon which he consulted 
 the oracilc of Baalzebub concerning his indisposition. 
 Elijah reproved him for applying to a heathen God, and 
 assured him that his illness was fatal. Ahaziah enraged 
 sent oilicers and men to apprehend Elijah; but they 
 were all destroyed by fire from heaven. Elijah at last ap- 
 peared before the King, and announced his speedy death. 
 Ahaziah died, 890, B. c, and was succeeded by his brothei? 
 Jehoram, (1 Kings xxii. 51—53 ; 2 Kings i.) 
 
 JUDAH. 
 
 ("We now return to the Kingdom of Judah). 
 
 470. Rehoboam, after the secession of the ^j^^ 
 Ten Tribes, was not long before he and his people \ '^ ^ ' 
 ' did evil in the sight of the Lord,' and sank into idolatry, 
 God therefore by way of punishment sent against 
 Judah, Shishak kmg of Egypt, (970. B. c), who took the 
 
 408. What was the end of Jezebel? 409. What oc- 
 curred in the short reign of Ahaziah? when did he die? 
 470. What strengthened Rehoboam's Kingdom? Did
 
 B.C. 915] 1. KINGS. 123 
 
 strong cities and arrived before the walls of ( j^^aTi 
 Jerusalem. Eehohoam and the people having re- ( 
 pented and humbled themselves, Sliemaiali the prophet 
 announced that they should not be destroyed. Shi- 
 shaJc however plundered the Temple, and the king's 
 treasures, and laid waste the country. (1 Kings xiv. 
 25, 26.). 
 
 471. Behohoam at last, after a reign of 17 years, 
 died ; and was buried in Jerusalem ; he left a numerous 
 family. 958. B. c. (1 Kings xii. xiv; 2 Chron. xi. xii.). 
 He was succeeded by his son Abijam. 2 Sam. vii. 12. 
 
 472. Abijam, or Ahijah went to war with Jero- 
 boam in order to recover the Ten Tribes : defeated him, 
 and extended his kingdom beyond Bethel. (2 Chron. xii.). 
 Abijam after a reign of 3 i/ears died, B. c. 955 ; and was 
 succeeded by Asa his son. 
 
 473. Asa was one of the most pious and successful 
 of the Kings of Judah ; he reformed the religious prac- 
 tices of his people; fortified numerous cities; and 
 strengthened his army. Not long after this, Zerah the 
 king of Ethiopia, advanced against Judah with an im- 
 mense army. Asa called upon the Lord, and gained a 
 complete victory, (b. c. 942.) Asa encouraged by the 
 prophet Azariah, proceeded to revive the w^orship of 
 Jehovah in all its glory; he held a great and solemn 
 sacrifice, and the people entered into a new covenant ' to 
 serve the Lord.' 
 
 474. Ten years of peace followed ; when Baasha^ 
 King of Israel, invaded Judah. Asa at this crisis, instead 
 of trusting to the Lord as heretofore, purchased the aid 
 of BenTiadad, King of Syria, (1 Kings xv.) ; but Hanani 
 the prophet, severely reproved him for his unfaithfulness 
 to God, and proclaimed that he should in consequence 
 have wars to the end of his life. The King becoming 
 enraged ordered the prophet to be cast into prison. Asa 
 at last was attacked with a disease in his feet, and putting 
 more trust in the skill of his physician than in the help 
 
 Eehoboam attempt to bring the revolted tribes again into 
 subjection ? How long did Rehoboam continue faithful 
 to God? who was sent against him for his wickedness? 
 471. How long did lieholDoam reign ? By whom was he 
 succeeded 472. How long did Abijam reign? Who 
 succeeded Abijam? 473. In vrhat manner did Asa 
 reign ? What was his death ?
 
 124 I. KINGS. [1 Kings XV. 
 
 of God it hastened his death : which occurred ( t^ j^z 
 B, c. 915. after a prosperous reign of 41 ^ears. \ '^^^"'"'• 
 
 475. Jehoshaphat succeeded his father J.s«, and 
 set about improving the kingdom; he sent 16 Commis- 
 sioners through all the cities of Judah to teacli the people 
 according to " the Book of the Law of the Lord." Jehos- 
 liapliat also strengthened his fortified cities, and improved 
 the condition of the army ; but he committed a serious 
 error in suflering his son Jehoram to marry Athaliah, the 
 daughter of the infamous Ahab and Jezebel; as well as 
 in joining Aliab in his expedition against Ramoth Oilead, 
 contrary to the advice of a prophet of God : and he 
 almost lost his life in the battle. Jehu, the prophet the 
 son of Hanani, severely reproved him for his ungodly 
 alliance. 
 
 476. Jehoshaphat next appointed Judges in every 
 city; and established an Ecclesiastical Court in Jerusa- 
 lem for the settlement of all religious matters. But he 
 was interrupted by Moab, Ammon,and Edom, combining 
 their forces to invade Judah. Jehoshaphat at once sought 
 the protection of the Lord, and instituted a solemn fast 
 throughout the whole land. (2 Chron. xx. 5—13.). God 
 answered him by the mouth of Jahazlel, a Levite, and 
 assured him of success. The Almighty set the invading 
 host one part against another, and Judah had only to 
 collect the spoil, and return home; on arriving at Jeru- 
 salem, their first act was to go up to the House of the 
 Lord to praise Him for His goodness and mercy. (i3. c. 
 89C.). Jehoshaphat, after a vain attempt to revive the 
 ancient commerce of the kingdom by building a fleet at 
 Ezion-Geber, united with Jehoram, king of Israel, in a 
 war with Moab. By the miraculous interference of 
 Elisha, the armies were supplied with water, and they 
 obtained a victory. B. C. 895. At length Jehoshaphat died, 
 after a reign of 25 years, b. c. 889. (1 Kings xv. 2-4; xxii; 
 2 Kings iii ; 2 Chron. xvii. — xx.). 
 
 475. "Who was Jehoshaphat, and how long and in 
 what manner did he reign? 170. Describe his municipal 
 .•i])pointmonts, and his victory over the Moabitcs, &c.? 
 Was he successful in his attempt to revive the ancient 
 commerce of the Kingdom?
 
 B.C. 896.] u. KINGS. 125 
 
 II. lixngs* 
 
 3115. A. M. 889. B. C. 
 
 47T. The Second Book of Kings embraces f 7- 7 t 
 a period of about 300 years, from the death of I ^^'«^^- 
 Jehoshapliat to the destruction of Jerusalem ; and com- 
 prises, the translation of Elijah ; the acts of Elisha ; the 
 continuation of the reis^ns of the kings of Israel, and 
 Judah ; the captivity of Israel into Assyria; the captivity 
 of Judah into Babylon ; and the destruction of Jerusalem, 
 and the Temple. 
 
 ISRAEL. 
 
 478. Jehoram. — Upon the death offj , 
 AliaziaJi king of Israel, Jehoram or Joram { *^*^ * 
 his brother, succeeded him on the throne, and like his 
 predecessor Jerohoam^ did evil in the sight of the Lord. 
 B. c. 896. 
 
 479. Elijah's Translation. — In the first year of 
 his reign, Elijah, the prophet, was miraculously con- 
 veyed to heaven in a chariot of fire, his prophetic mantle 
 descending upon Elisha with the gift of a double portion 
 of his spirit. The two prophets were walking together 
 from Gilgal towards the Jordan: (2 Kings ii. 11.) and 
 when ElijaKs mantle fell from him, Elisha took it up, 
 and went back to the Jordan, where he smote the river 
 with the mantle, and the water parted, and he passed over 
 on dry ground; Elisha afterward sweetened the waters 
 of Jericho by throwing in salt, in order to convince the 
 Sons of the Prophets, who had witnessed these proceed- 
 ings, that God was with him. B. c. 896. 
 
 480. MoABiTE War. — Jehoram to enforce the 
 payment of their usual tribute — having obtained the 
 
 477. What period of time does the Second Book of 
 Kings embra(!e? What transactions does it comprise? 
 
 478. Who succeeded Ahaziah on the throne of Israel ? 
 
 479. What occurred to Elijah in the first year of Je- 
 horam's reign? What were the circumstances of Elijah's 
 end ? 480. How did Jehoram prosper in his war with 
 Moab? 
 
 L2
 
 1 26 II. KINGS. [2 Kings v. 
 
 assistance of the king of Edom, and of Jehosha- C j^^„-l 
 pliat king of Judah, — soon after liis accession (. ' 
 
 engaged in a war with the Moabites, and had it not been 
 for the miraculous aid of Eliska, the army would have 
 perished from want of water. The Moabites commenced 
 the attack, but were repelled with immense slaughter: 
 Mesha, the king of Moab, despairing of success, offered 
 up his son as a burnt-offering upon the walls of the city 
 to propitiate his gods. At the sight of this cruelty the 
 Israehtes retired. B. c. 895. 
 
 481. Naaman. — About this time B. c. 894. Naaman 
 a general in the army of Benhadad, king of Syria, being 
 afflicted with leprosy; and learning from an Israelitish 
 captive, who was handmaid to his wife, ' that the prophet 
 ' in Samaria, would cure him,' (2 Kings v. 3.), Benhadad 
 sent Naaman with presents to the king of Israel, that he 
 might be cured; Je^omm, was surprised, and alarmed at 
 the application (2 Kings v. 7-)- But Elisha desired the 
 king to direct the Syrian to him ; and on his approach 
 Elisha sent a message to Naaman, saying — 'Go, and wash 
 'in Jordan seven times, and thy flesh shall come again 
 'to thee, and thou shalt be clean.' (2 Kings v. 10.). 
 Naaman at first refused ; but at last he did as Elisha had 
 ordered him, and he was cured of his leprosy. Naaman^ 
 grateful for the blessing, offered presents to the prophet, 
 which were refused. 
 
 482. When he had departed, Gehazi, Elisha's 
 servant, hastened after him, and falsely said to Naaman, 
 that his master had sent him to request of him a talent 
 of silver, and two changes of garments, for two sons of the 
 prophets. Naaman readily gave him what he solicited ; 
 but when Elisha discovered the fraud, he inflicted on 
 Gehazi as a punishment the leprosy of Naaman, and ' on 
 ' his seed for ever.' B. c. 81)4. 
 
 483. Elisha, and the iron axe. — After tho 
 cure of Naaman, the sons of the prophets obtained Elisha's 
 (jonsent to enlarge their residences; and while cleaving 
 timber on the banks of the Jordan, the iron axe used 
 by one of tlie men flew off into the river. Elisha, to 
 strengthen their confidence in his mission, by a miracle 
 
 481. What is the story of Naaman the Syrian ? Who 
 liealed liim? 482. What was the conduct of Gehazi? 
 483. AVhat miracle did Elisha perform with tho iron 
 axe?
 
 3.C. 885.] U. KINGS. 127 
 
 caused it to swim to the surface, and attach itself ( 7^ j z 
 to the wooden handle he had thrown upon the ( *^^"'"^"" 
 
 water, b. c. 893. 
 
 484. Elisha, AND Benhadad. — Benhadadking 
 of Sjria now renewed his war with Israel, but by means 
 of Elisha all his plans were known at Samaria, he there- 
 fore sent a body of troops to Dotkan, to seize the prophet. 
 At the prayer of Elisha, God interceded for him, and his 
 servant beheld the adjoining mountain covered with 
 horses and chariots of fire. Elisha then smote the Syrians 
 with blindness, and leading them into Samaria, he re- 
 stored their sight, and shewed them to be at the mercy 
 of the Israelites. But he directed Jehoram to refresh 
 them, and let them return unmolested. 
 
 485. Samaria besieged. — Benhadad now laid 
 siege to Samaria, the inhabitants soon began to suffer 
 from the scarcity of provisions; and at last so severe 
 was the famine that women eat their own children. 
 (2 Kings vi.). Jehoram threatened Elisha with death if 
 he did not obtain relief from God. Elisha declared that 
 the morrow would bring with it provisions in abundance. 
 An officer thought it impossible, but the Almighty 
 alarmed the Syrians by strange noises, at which they 
 fled, and abandoned their camp, property, and provisions. 
 The prediction of Elisha was thus verified; and the 
 unbelieving officer was trodden to death at the gate of 
 the city by the pressure of the crowd rushing out to 
 seize the booty. B. c. 892. 
 
 486. Bexhadad's Death, — Benhadad was now 
 taken ill, and sent his captain Hazael with presents of 40 
 camel's burden to the prophet to enquire respecting his 
 disease. Elisha after predicting its fatal termination; 
 informed Bazael that he would succeed him ; Hazael 
 could not wait for his master's death, and therefore stifled 
 Benhadad with a wet cloth, and thus gained possession 
 of the kingdom. B. c. 885. 
 
 487. Jehoram's death. — On the death of Ben- 
 hadad, Jehoeam renewed his attack upon Eamoth- 
 Gilead: but being wounded, he returned to Jezreel, 
 leaving Jehu his captain to prosecute the war. Ahaziah 
 
 484. How did he astonish Benhadad? 485. How 
 were the Israelites relieved at the siege of Samaria.' 
 486. How came Benhadad by his death? 487. How 
 came Jehoram by his death ?
 
 128 II. KINGS. [2 Kings X. 
 
 king of Judah visited Jehoram at Jezreel ; in the f r^^^i 
 meanwliile Elisha sent a propliet to anoint Jehu \ 
 king over Israel. (2 Kings ix, 11 — 13.) 
 
 488. Jehu hastened to Jezreel to secure the 
 throne, and met Jehoram, and Ahaziah coming to meet 
 him. After reproaching Jehoram with his wickedness 
 Jehu shot him dead with an arrow, and the king's body- 
 was thrown into Nabotli's vineyard, in fulfilment of the 
 prophecy of Elijah (2 Kings ix. 25.). Ahaziah king of 
 Judah, who was on a visit at the time, fled, but was 
 overtaken at Our, and shared the same fate, and his body 
 was taken to Jerusalem. Jehu, seeing J ezebel at a win- 
 dow, (1 Kings ix. 27. 33.) commanded her to be thrown 
 down, and her body was devoured by dogs, as before 
 related. Jehoram reigned 12 years, and was slain, 
 B. c. 884. 
 
 489. Jehu was the son of Jehoshaphat, the son 
 of Nimshi, and he now put to death the whole posterity 
 of Ahab : afterwards he slew the priests and prophets of 
 Baal, and destroyed the statues and the houses of Baal, 
 (2 Kings ix. x.) He also put to death 42 of the relatives 
 of Ahaziah king of Judah. In reward for his zeal, God 
 promised Jehu that his children should sit on the throne 
 of Israel to the fourth generation, but no longer, as he still 
 maintained the idolatry of Jeroboam. After a reign of 
 28 years, he was succeeded by his son Jehoahaz. 856. b. C 
 There was a prophet also of the name of Jehu. 
 
 490. The Kechabites take their origin from Je- 
 honadah, the son of Jiechab a man of eminent piety, who 
 assisted Jehu in destroying the house of Ahab, and the 
 worshippers of Baal. He directed his posterity (Jer. 
 XXXV.).— (1) to drink no wine: (2) neither to possess nor 
 occupy any houses, fields, or vineyards : (3) but to dwell 
 in tents. They gained their livelihood by being Scribes. 
 
 491. Jehoahaz did evil in the sight of the Lord ; 
 and in punishment, during his reign Israel became a prey 
 to the Syrians. Little however is known of his career. 
 After reigning 17 years, he died, and was succeeded by 
 his son Jehoash. 841. B. C. (2 Kings xiii.) 
 
 488. By what means did Jehu come to the throne? 
 How came Jezebel by her death ? 489. How did Jehu 
 destroy the worship of Baal? What was his character? 
 490. Who wore the llcchabites? 491. Describe the 
 reign of Jehoahaz over Israel ?
 
 B.C. 784.] n. KINGS. 129 
 
 492. Jehoash, or Joash, for two years ^ j ■, j^ 
 shared in the government of his father, as welll '^^'^^'*- 
 as in his sins, and aUogether reigned 16 years. The aged 
 iiLiSHA was at this time on his death-bed; Joash went 
 to visit hira, when Elisha uttered his last prophecy ; he 
 commanded the King to shoot with his arrows from the 
 window, and smite the ground, and ' he smote thrice, and 
 ^stayed:' Elisha told him he 'should have smitten five 
 
 or six times, whereas now thou shalt smite Syria but 
 thrice.' (2 Kings xiii. 17—20.). B. c. 838. 
 
 493. Jehoash attacked the Syrians, and obtained 
 three signal victories, according to the prediction oi Elisha, 
 B. c. 836, Amaziah, king of Judah, now marched against 
 Jehoash, who rebuked him in a kind of parable, or apo- 
 logue of the thistle, and the cedar, (2 Kings xiv. 9, 10.) 
 But Amaziah, would not forbear : a battle was fought and 
 Amaziah taken prisoner. Jehoash then seized Jerusalem, 
 broke down part of the wall of the city, and plundered the 
 Temple. Shortly after, Jehoash died in peace, and was 
 succeeded by Jerohoom II. 825. B. c. 2 Kings xiii. 10. 
 
 494. After the death of Elisha, some Israelites 
 went to bury a man in a field, but seeing a band of 
 Moabites approachhig, they hastily threw the body into 
 Elisha's grave, and when it touched the prophet's remains 
 it came to life again. 2 Kings xiii. 20, 21. 
 
 495. Jeroboam II. succeeded his father Joash, and 
 though by his great talents and energy he restored the 
 kingdom to the highest prosperity, yet he walked in evil 
 ways; he continued the Syrian war, regained the district 
 east of the Jordan, and took Damascus. (2 Kings xiv. 25.). 
 Jotiah, Amos, and Hosea, prophesied during his reign; the 
 two latter especially warned the Israelites of the conse- 
 quences of their wickedness, but it was in vain. After 
 reigning 41 years^ Jeroboam II. died. (2 Kings xiv. 23.) 
 B. c. 784. 
 
 496. An Interregmcm for 11 years followed the 
 death of Jeroboam II,, b. c. 784-773. which was succeeded 
 
 492. Describe the reign of Jehoash. What prophecy 
 did Elisha utter on his death-bed? By what sign did he 
 give an assurance to the king of Israel that he should 
 conquer the Syrians ? 493. How did Jehoash succeed 
 against Judah ? 494. What miracle was performed by the 
 dead body of Elisha ? 495. Describe the reign of Jero- 
 boam II. over Israel: what pro])hets flourished in his 
 reign ? 496. W hat followed the death of Jeroboam II. ?
 
 1 30 II. KINGS. [2 Kings, xv. 
 
 by the accession of Zachariah, Bon of the late ( t„^^x 
 king. After a short reign of six months, follow- ( * 
 
 ing in the evil footsteps of his predecessors, he was killed 
 by Shallum, who thus became the executioner of the 
 threateuings of the Lord against the house of Jehu. 
 2 Kings xv. 
 
 497. Shallum, son of Jabesh, reigned over Israel 
 but one month, for Menahem one of the generals of 
 Zachariah, marched his troops to Samaria, and there slew 
 him. (2 Kings xv.) B. C, 772. 
 
 498. Menahem, son of Gadi, succeeded, but he 
 followed the conduct of his predecessors ; in his capture 
 of Tiphsah he committed the grossest barbarities. Soon 
 after, Ful, (or Sardanapalus) king of Assyria, attacked 
 his dominions, and made him a tributary prince. Ho 
 reigned 10 years, and died 761. B. c. (2 Kings xv.) 
 
 499. Pekahiah, the son of Menahem, succeeded ; 
 but after a wicked reign of 2 years, he was murdered by 
 his general PeJcah, son of Kemaliah. 759. B. C. 
 
 500. Pekah ascended the throne of Israel, and 
 like his predecessors ' did evil in the sight of the Lord.' 
 He combined with Rezin king of Syria, against Judah. 
 At first they were successful : (b. c. 742.) but on the 
 accession of the wicked Ahaz to the throne of Judah, 
 they proved victorious, and took an immense multitude 
 of prisoners to Samaria. (2 Chron. xxviii. G — 8.). Oded, 
 a prophet of the Lord, remonstrated against their taking 
 captive their brethren of J udah ; consequently, after being 
 fed and clothed, they were sent back with the spoil to their 
 own land. The allied kings now aimed at placing the son 
 of Taheal upon the throne of Judah, but the latter {Isa. 
 vii.) called to his aid Tiglath-Pileser (or Arbaces), king of 
 Assyria; who slew liesin, and carried away many of the 
 inhabitants into Assyria. B. C. 740. At length Hoshea^ 
 (or Hosea) son of Elah, conspired against Fekah, and 
 slew him, and ultimately reigned in his stead, b. c. 739. 
 (2 Kings xv.) 
 
 ,501. Hoshea. — Upon the death of Pekah, an 
 Interregnum of nine years took place ^before the accession 
 
 How came Zachariah by his death? 497. How long did 
 Shallum roign, who succeeded him? 498. AV hat occurred 
 to Israel under IMenahem? 499. How long did Pekahiah 
 reign? how did he die? 500. How long did rckahlrcign? 
 "What occurred to Israel in his reign ? 501. What took 
 place on the death of Tekah ? What occurred in the early
 
 B.C. 721.] II. KINGS. 131 
 
 of HosTiea (b. C. 739—730.) ; but soon after ascend- f r „„„; 
 ing the throne, Shalmaneser, the son and sue- \ ^^'^"■^'" 
 cesser of Tiglath-Pileser, invaded Israel, and obhged 
 Hoshea to become tributary, (b. c. 728.) After a few 
 years, Hoshea attempted to throw off the Assyrian yoke 
 by forming an alhance with So, king of Egypt, (b. c. 725.) 
 Shalmaneser marched against him, and besieged Samaria ; 
 which was taken, and reduced to a heap of ruins, in the 
 9th year of Hoshea's reign. (721. b. c.) Hoshea was de- 
 throned, and the kingdom of Israel subverted. Hoshea 
 was the last King of Israel. 
 
 502. Captivity of Israel. — Shalmaneser now took 
 the ' Ten Tribes,' Hoshea, and most of the Israelites, 
 captives into Media; whence they never more returned. 
 3283. A. M. 721. B. C. Thus putting an end to the Kingdom 
 of Israel, after it had lasted 254 years, as a separate 
 monarchy (2 Kings xvii. xviii.). The depopulated cities 
 were now occupied by people sent from the Assyrian 
 dominions. 
 
 503. Esar-haddon, the grandson of Shalmaneser, 
 44 years afterwards (G78 b. c.) took away 'the remnant 
 * that still remained in the land,' and sent colonies from 
 Cuthan to inhabit Samaria, who took the name of 
 Samaritans, and sometimes Cuthceans, (2 Kings xvii. 6. 
 24. 30.). 
 
 JTJDAH. 
 
 504. Jehotanl. — On the death of Jehoshaphat, 
 Jehoram, his son of like name with the king of Israel, 
 succeeded to the throne of Judah. He married Athaliah, 
 the daughter of Ahab king of Israel, (2 Chron. xxii.) ; and 
 at her instigation murdered all his brothers, and intro- 
 duced idolatry. In punishment of his wickedness, he was 
 
 part of the reign of Hoshea ? What events attended the 
 destruction of the kingdom of Israel ? ^Vho conquered 
 Hoshea ; and when ? Who was the last king of Israel ? 
 502. By whom, when, and where, were Hoshea, and the 
 Ten Tribes of Israel taken captive ? Did the Israelites 
 ever return from captivity ? How long did the kingdom 
 of Israel last ? 503. What became of " the remnant " 
 left in Israel by Shalmaneser ? AVho inhabited Samaria 
 after the captivity of the Israelites ? AVhence originated 
 the Samaritans ? 504. Who succeeded Jehoshaphat on 
 the throne of Judah ? What was the character of his 
 reign ?
 
 132 II. KINGS. [2 Kings xii. 
 
 unfortunate in his wars, and lost all his family ^ -r j j, 
 except the youngest son; at last, God afflicted ( '^^^^'^• 
 him with the disease predicted by Elijah, and which after 
 two years produced his death. He reigned about 8 years : 
 and on account of his vices, the people refused to bury 
 him as a King. b. c. 885. 
 
 505. Ahaziah, the son of Jehoram, succeeded (lie 
 is sometimes called Jehoahaz, or Azariah) ; he followed 
 the wickedness of his father, and reigned but one year. 
 When at Jezreel visiting his relative Jehoram, king of 
 Israel, Jehu,, being an instrument of God's wrath, after 
 putting to death the king of Israel, pursued Akaziah, and 
 slew him at Megiddo. B. c. 884. (2 Kings viii — x.) 
 
 506. Athaliah. — After the death of Ahaziah, 
 Athaliah his mother, the daughter of Ahab king of Israel, 
 usurped the throne, and destroyed all the royal princes, 
 (2 Kings xi. 1.) except Joash, who was secretly preserved 
 by Jehoshebah his aunt, the wife of the High-priest 
 Jehoiada. After Athaliah had reigned 6 years, Jehoiada^ 
 wearied with her abominations, took the young prince 
 into the Temple, and anointed Joash king, though only 
 7 years old. Athaliah, coming thither, was slain just 
 without the Temple. (2 Ki7igs xi.) b. c. 878. 
 
 507. Joaslij wliile under the guidance of Jehoiada^ 
 governed with justice and piety. He began by restoring 
 the dilapidations that had befallen the Temple, and the 
 Divine Services were properly resumed, yet the high- 
 places were not removed; at length the good Jehoiada 
 died at the age of 130 years. B. c. 810. (2 Kings xii. 6; 
 2 Chron. xxiv. 16.) 
 
 508. Hi.s EVIL DAYS. — Joash now listened to 
 evil counsel, and began to re-estabUsh the idolatry of Baal, 
 even in the House of the Lord. Zechariah the high- 
 priest, son of Jehoiada, remonstrated against this iniquity ; 
 upon which the King commanded him to be stoned to 
 death. The Almighty in anger caused Hazael, the Syrian 
 king to come down against Judah, who carried an im- 
 mense amount of property to Damascus, (b. c. 840.). Soon 
 after the King was afflicted with disease, when two of his 
 
 50.5. Who succeeded Jehoram on the throne of Judah? 
 How came the kings of Judah, and Israel by their deaths ? 
 ,50(5. Who succoodcd Ahaziah, kitigof Judali? How long 
 did Athaliah reign? 507. Describe the reign of Joash? 
 503. What happened after the death of Jehoiada?
 
 B.C. 758.] U.KINGS. 133 
 
 servants murdered him in his hed ; and Amaziah, ( jj,Jr.% 
 his son, reigued in his stead, b. c. 839. (2 Kings \ 
 xii ; 2 Chron. xxiv.). Joash reigned 40 years. 
 
 509. Amaziah on coming to the throne put to 
 death the assassins of his father, and hegan by doing that 
 ' which was right in the sight of the Lord : ' but he did 
 not remove the high places, and the groves. After a few 
 years he attempted the subjection of Edom, and gained a 
 complete victory; but he was tempted to introduce the 
 worship of the gods of Edom into Judah ; which brought 
 down the anger of Jehovah, (b. C. 827.) Amaziah then 
 marched against Joash king of Israel, but he was defeated, 
 and made prisoner, and the city of Jerusalem, and the 
 Temple sacked, (b. C. 826.) Amaziah was released, but 
 after some years a conspiracy compelled him to flee to 
 Lachish, where he was overtaken and slain. B. c. 810. 
 (2 Kings xiv ; 2 Chron. xxv.). 
 
 510. Uzziah (called also Azariah), succeeded his 
 father on the throne of Judah, at 16 years of age : being 
 religiously inclined, the beginning of his reign was marked 
 by prosperity and happiness. He obtained many successes 
 over his enemies : reformed the administration of public 
 affairs : repaired the fortifications of Jerusalem, and the 
 most important cities ; constructed watch towers for the 
 protection of agriculture ; and greatly improved the army. 
 B. C.800. (2 Chron. xxvi. 15.) But having presumed to go 
 into the Temple of the Lord and burn incense ' upon the 
 
 • altar of incense ' {ib.lQ.), Azariah, the high-priest, op- 
 posed him, saying : 'it appertaineth not unto thee, Uzziah, 
 ' to burn incense unto the Lord, but to the priests, the 
 
 * sons of Aaron : ' (2 Chron. xxvi. 18.). ZJzsia^ persisted ; 
 and immeaiately God smote him with leprosy (b. c. 705.), 
 of which he died six years afterwards ; having reigned 52 
 years. B. C. 758. (2 Kings xv; 2 Chron. xxvi.) During the 
 latter years of the reiga of Uzziah, Isatah began his min- 
 istry. Amos and Hosea also prophesied at this period. 
 
 511. Jotham succeeded his father Uzziah, and did 
 right in the sight of the Lord ; although he also suffered 
 the idolatrous groves to remain, aud Baal-worship still to 
 be practised. He had a prosperous reign of 10 years. 
 isamA continued his prophetic office; and the first two 
 
 509. Describe the reign of Amaziah. 510. Describe 
 the reign of Uzziah. 511. Describe the reign of Jo- 
 tham. 
 
 M
 
 1 34 II. KINGS. [2 Kings xviii. 
 
 chapters ofMioaTi's prophecy were now deUvered. ( jj,j„j. 
 Jotham died B, c. 742 ; and was succeeded by his ( '^^^"'"" 
 son Ahaz. (2 Kings xv ; 2 Chron. xx\ii.) 
 
 512. Ahaz succeeded his father at the age of 
 20 years, and began by indulging in every iniquity. He 
 even sacrificed his own children to Baal, and to Moloch. 
 God in consequence suffered his kingdom to be devastated 
 by the Israelites, the Syrians, and others, and multitudes 
 were carried captive to Damascus, and to Samaria. Those 
 at Samaria were however sent back by the interposition 
 of Oded, a prophet of the Lord. (b. c. 741.) Isaiah was 
 now sent to Akaz to announce his deliverance from these 
 invaders ; and he urged the king to ask a sign, in token 
 of the preservation of the line of David, Ahaz refused ; 
 upon which Isaiah, after reprimanding his obstinacy, 
 uttered the memorable prophecy — ' Behold, a Virgin shall 
 ^conceive and hear a Son, and shall call Jus name 
 'Immanuel.' ( Jsai. vii. 14.). But Ahaz preferred pur- 
 chasing the aid of the Assyrian monarch, Tiglath-Pileser. 
 In reward for his services, Ahaz was compelled to take 
 the silver and gold from the Temple, and from his palace. 
 He forbid all worship to the great Jehovah, and erected 
 altars throughout the land for the service of the gods of 
 Damascus, b. c. 740. (2 Chron. xxviii.) At length the 
 wicked Ahaz died, (2 Kings xvi. 20.) 727. B. C. 
 
 513. In this reign is the first mention of Dials 
 for measuring time (2 Kings xx. 11.), but it is uncertain 
 whether after this period the Jews divided time into 
 hours ; the first mention of hour as a part of the day is 
 in Daniel iv, 19. 
 
 514. Hezekiah succeeded his father on the throne 
 of Judah at the age of 25 years, he began his reign with 
 purifying the Temple, and reviving the worship of 
 Jehovah, and the duties of the Priesthood : and adopted 
 the most energetic measures for the extirpation of idol- 
 atry. (2 Kings xviii. 4.) He also demolished the brazen- 
 serpent of Moses, because the people burnt incense to it, 
 and paid it the most idolatrous worship, b. c, 72G. 
 
 515. Shortly after, lio refused to send to Shal- 
 maneser the usual tribute. B. c. 725. But when Sen- 
 
 612. Describe the reign of Ahaz. 513. "What men- 
 tion is there in the Old Testament of contrivances for 
 measuring time ? 514. Who was Ilezekiah ? Mention 
 the chief particulars recorded of the reign of Hezekiah. 
 What did he with the Brazen Serpent ? 515. Who
 
 B.C. 698.] 11. KINGS. 135 
 
 nacherih had succeeded his father Shalmaneser f t.j z 
 on the throne of Assyria, that king invaded Judah, ( '^^'«^^- 
 and came within 20 miles of Jerusalem. HezeJciah from 
 sudden alarm wavered in his dependence upon God, and 
 bought off Sennacherib from his purpose. But to furnish 
 the enormous sum required, llezekiah had to take the 
 treasures of the Temple, (b. c. 713.) SennacTierib soou 
 after sent to demand the surrender of Jerusalem, ridicu- 
 ling in blasphemous terms any reliance on Egypt, or on 
 the great Jehovah. The king applied to Isaiah, who stated 
 that the Assyrians would be diverted from their purpose, 
 and their king be put to death. Sennacherib hearing that 
 Tirhakah the king of Ethiopia was coming to attack him, 
 he abandoned his present design and carried the war into 
 that country. B. C. 713. Soon after this Hezekiah fell ill ; 
 but the Almighty allowed him 15 years longer to live, 
 and to be delivered from the Assyrians, As a sign that 
 the Lord would heal him, the shadow of the dial of 
 Ahaz was to go back 10 degrees : and it did so. (2 Kings 
 XX. 2.) 
 
 516. Merodach king of Babylon, hearing of 
 these miraculous interpositions, sent Hezekiah presents, 
 in order to gain his esteem, b. c. 712. But the king of 
 Judah showed the messengers all his riches ; which 
 brought a reproof from Isaiah, who foretold that his 
 treasures should be carried into Babylon, w^hich was 
 fulfilled 125 years after by the 'Babylonish Captivity' 
 (2 Kings xx. 17 ; 2 Chron. xxxii. 2. 25, 26.) 
 
 517. Shortly after, Sennacherib, once more ad- 
 vanced to Jerusalem. B. c. 710. But according to the 
 promise of God, an angel came upon the Assyrian camp, 
 and destroyed 185,000 men, and compelled Sennacherib to 
 return to Nineveh ; where his two sons, Adrammelech 
 and Sharezer, murdered him, as he was worshipping in 
 the house of Nisroch his god. Hezekiah thus relieved, 
 passed the latter years of his life in tranquilhty ; brought 
 
 invaded Judah in his reign? Wherein did he in con- 
 sequence show his piety? What miraculous interference 
 took place for his deliverance ? What promise did the 
 Almighty make to him after his sickness ? To what 
 sufierings w^as he subject ? And what miracle did God 
 perform for him ? 516. By whom, and on what occasion 
 was the Babylonish captivity first foretold? 517. When 
 did he die ? What prophets lived in his time ?
 
 136 II. KIXGS. [2 Kings xxiii. 
 
 water into the city by means of reservoirs, and C t,,j^t, 
 conduits ; and died, G98. b. c, after a reign of 29 I '^^^^"'• 
 pears. {2 Kings xv\\\—iix\ 2 Chron. xxix— xxxii.) ISAIAH, 
 and MicAH prophesied in this reign. 
 
 518. Manasseh the next king of Jiidah, began 
 to reign when 12 years old. Tlirough the influence of 
 evil advisers, he completely changed the religious policy 
 of his fathei', and the idolatrous worship of every heathen 
 god was celebrated within tlie very Temple. Isaiah re- 
 proved him for his wickedness, and Esarhaddon, king of 
 Assyria, marched against Manasseh, seized him as he lay 
 concealed among briars and brambles, and having bound 
 him hand and foot with chains, took him captive to Baby- 
 lon, which was now united to the Assyrian Monarchy, 
 6/7. B. c. (2 Chron. xxxiii. 11.). JfaMaiseZ^ having humbled 
 himself before God, he was restored to his throne; when 
 he reinstated the worship of the Lord. He also repaired 
 the strong places of Judah, and died at Jerusalem in 
 peace, after a reign of 55 years. (2 Kings xxi, 2 ; 2 Chron. 
 xxxiii.). G43. B.C. 
 
 519. Amon succeeded his father at the age of 
 22 years; he followed in his evil ways, but not in bis 
 repentance ; worshipiiing idols, and forsaking Jehovah. 
 His servants slew him after reigning 2 years ; and his son 
 Josiah was raised to the throne, (2 Kings xxi ; 2 Chron. 
 xxxiii.) 641. B.C. 
 
 520. Josiah began to reign when only 8 years of 
 age : religion grew with his growth, and at the age of 16 
 years he had a confiding tru.st in the good providence of 
 God. B. c. 635. After the lapse of four years more he took 
 the most energetic steps for the restoration of the worship 
 of Jehovah, and (b. c. G30.), set about clearing his kingdom 
 of idolatry. Josiak repaired the Temi)le, commanded the 
 Book>of the Law to be read in a .solemn assembly ; and 
 called on the people to renew their covenant with the 
 Lord to keo]) his statutes and commandments. B.C. 624. 
 
 521. Tlic Altar at ]5uthel, * ho brake down, and 
 * burnt the high place, and stamped it small to powder, 
 •and burned the grove.' (2 Kings xxiii. 15.) He also 'sent 
 
 518. Describe the reign of Manas.seh? 519. Describe 
 the reign of Amon. 520. J)cscribe the reign of Josiah. 
 How old was ho when he began to reign ? AVhat steps 
 did he take for the restoration of the worship of God .' 
 521. Of what prophecy waa he the object ?
 
 B.C.6IO.] 11. KINGS. \Z7 
 
 ' and took the bones out of the sepulchres, and f 7- ^ x 
 ' burned them upon the altar, and polluted it,' \ 'J^^^"" 
 (2 Kings xxiii. 15, IG.) ; thus fulfilling the prophecy given 
 360 years before in the days of Jerohoam, ' that a child 
 'should be born unto the house of David, Josiah by 
 ' name,'— who should do what has been here related. (See 
 
 1 Kings x\\\. 2.). 
 
 522. He next commanded the people to keep the 
 Passover, ' and there was not holden such a passover from 
 ' the days of the Judges,' He likewise ' put away witches, 
 ' and all abominations.' Some years after, Pharaoh- Necho^ 
 king of Egypt, attempted to take Carchemish, a town on 
 the Euphrates, belonging to the king of Assyria, Josiah 
 opposed him, but was dangerously wounded, and when 
 taken to Jerusalem, he died. He reigned 31 years, and 
 his death was deeply lamented : (2 Kings xxii, xxiii ; 
 
 2 Chron. xxxiv.) 610. B. c. He left three sons, who all 
 succeeded him on the throne. In this reign lived the 
 prophets Jeremiah, Baruch, Joel, Zephaniah ; and the 
 prophetess Hiildah. Jeremiah commenced his office in 
 the 13th year of Josiah. 
 
 523. Jehoahaz (or Shallum\ the second son of 
 Josiah, succeeded before his elder brother : but he did evil 
 in the sight of the Lord, and in three months Pkaraoh- 
 iVec^o, king of Egypt, entered Judtea, deposed the king, 
 and loading him with chains, sent him into Egypt, where 
 he died, as foretold by Jeremiah {Jer. xxii. 10.) The 
 country of Judah, Pharaoh now made tributary to Egypt 
 (2 Kings xxiii. 31 — 36; 2 Chron. xxxvi.), placing EliaJcim, 
 the elder brother of the king upon the throne ; changing 
 his name to Jehoiakim. B. C. 610. 
 
 524. Jehoiakim reigned wickedly 11 years, and 
 vrith little concern for the welfare of the people. Jeremiah 
 upbraided his iniquity, and foretold that his people ' should 
 ' serve the king of Babylon 70 years.' Jer. xxii. 18, 19 ; 
 XXV. 11.). Jeremiah was apprehended, and only escaped 
 death from fear of the retribution that would follow. But 
 another prophet, Urijah, having confirmed the threaten- 
 in gs of Jeremiah, he w^as put to death by order of Jehoia- 
 kim {Jer. xxvi.). 
 
 522. "What kind of Passover did he keep ? How came 
 he by his death? 523. Describe the misfortunes of the 
 reign of Jehoahaz. 524. Describe the reign of Jehoiakim, 
 and the circumstances that led to the seventy years cap- 
 tivity. 
 
 m2
 
 •138 II. KINGS, [2 Kings xxv. 
 
 525. In the 4tli year of this reign | 7- , ^ 
 Nebuchadnezzar, tlie son of Nahopolassar \ *'^^*^- 
 king of Babylon, attacked Judoea. Jerusalem, after a 
 short siege, surrendered ; and JehoiaJcim was about to be 
 carried to Babylon ; but be was restored, on condition of 
 paying tribute. Nebuchadnezzar took away the treasures 
 of the Temple, and many captives into Babylon, among 
 whom were Daniel, and his three companions. G06. B. c. 
 
 526. From this time is to be dated the Babylon- 
 ish Captivity, which Jeremiah prophesied would last 70 
 years. Three years after, Jehoiakim rebelled against Nebu- 
 chadnezzar, who defeated him, and carried 3320 Jews into 
 Babylon. B. c. GOO. In the following year Jerusalem was 
 assaulted ; Jehoiakim was taken and slain, and his body- 
 thrown into the common sewer : 599. B. c. (2 Kings xxiu. 
 36. xxiv; 2 Chron. xxxvi; Jer. xxh. 19.). 
 
 52V. Jehoiachin (sometimes called Jeconias, and 
 Coniah), followed the wicked example of his father, and 
 reigned but thi-ee months. Nebuchadnezzar again entered 
 Jerusalem, and took away with him to Babylon, the 
 remaining gold and silver vessels of the Temple, King Je- 
 Iwiachin, and the chief inhabitants, among whom were 
 Ezekiel, and Mordecai : and placed Mataniah, the uncle 
 of the king, upon the throne, under the name oi Zedekiah, 
 as his vassal. 698. B. C. It was foretold that Jehoiachin 
 should be taken to Babylon {Jer. xxii. 25.) ; and he was a 
 captive there 37 years : after which he was released, and 
 raised to dignity. (2 Kings xxiv ; 2 Chron. xxxvi. 9, 10 ; 
 Jer. lii. 31.). 
 
 528. Zedekiah, the third son of Josiali, was the 
 last king of Judah ; ho conducted himself towards God 
 as badly as his predecessors ; and in the 7th year of his 
 reign, he revolted against Nebuchadnezzar, B. C. 593. The 
 Chaldean monarch, i)rovol<ed by Zcdckiah's ingratitude, 
 once more entered Jerusalem, b. C. .589. Zedekiah lied, 
 but was taken, and brought before Nebuchadnezzar, who 
 ordered all his children to be slain in his presence, the 
 king's eyes to be put out; and then loading him with 
 
 525. Who plundered Judsca in his reign, and carried 
 some of the Jews captive into Babylon ? 520. What 
 is the date b. c. of the beginning of "the Babylonish Cap- 
 tivity ? 527. What hai)pened in the reign of Jehoia- 
 chin? AV ho was Zedekiah? 528. Describe his reign, and 
 the provocation he gave to Nebuchadnezzar. What was 
 his fate? What cliief events attended the dissolution 
 of the kingdom of Judah? AVho was the last king of
 
 B.C. 588.] u. KINGS. 139 
 
 chains of brass, he sent him to Babylon, where he ( t j % 
 died in prison (2 Kings xxv; Jer. xxii. Hi.), after '( '^^"'^"■• 
 reigning 11 years. The walls of Jerusalem were now broken 
 down, and the citj^, and Temple sacked, and completely 
 destroyed by fire ; it became a heap of ruins, and nearly 
 the whole nation was sent captive to Babylon. 588. B. c. 
 
 529. Thus was fjut an end to the Kingdom 
 of JiidaJi, which had lasted 388 years from the death of 
 Solomon, and 134 years from the captivity of the Ten. 
 Tribes. Many false prophets had charged Jeremiah with 
 falsehood, and said that the Captivity would be only of 
 2 or 3 years' duration ; Jeremiah was consequently seized 
 and imprisoned in the house of Jonathan the scribe. 
 
 530. In respect of Zedekiah, two contradictory 
 prophecies were fulfilled in the losing of his eyes : one of 
 Jeremiah, who said that Zedekiah should see, and yet 
 not see Babylon {Jer xxxii. 4—5 ; xxxiv. 3.) ; and the 
 other of Kzelciel, which intimated that he should not see 
 Babylon, though he should die there. {KzeTc. xii. 13.). 
 
 531. Jeremiah. — "\\Tien tlie city was taken, J'ere- 
 miah was well treated by the conqueror ; during the siege 
 he had been imprisoned by Zedekiah on account of his 
 predictions, although the king had taken care that he 
 should be provided wilh bread. {Jer. xxxvii. 21.). But 
 the princes of the people seized him, and cast him into a 
 dungeon, where he almost died from hunger, and from the 
 filthiness of the place, (xxxviii. 6.). From this dungeon, 
 Zedekiah procured his release, but the prophet was still 
 kept under restraint, till Nebuchadnezzae gave orders 
 to his captain Nebuzar-adan, to ' take Jeremiah, and do 
 ' unto him even as he shall say unto thee.' {Jer. xxxix. 
 12.). He was taken to E-amah, and allowed the choice 
 either to go to Babylon, or remain in Judaea ; he chose 
 the latter, and went to Gedaliah at Mizpah. 
 
 532. Gedaliah. — Over the remnant of the people 
 of Judsea, who were but a few husbandmen and vine- 
 
 Judah ? By whom was the temple destroyed ? 529. How 
 long did the kingdom of Judah exist? When, whither, 
 and by whom were the people of Judah taken captive ? 
 
 530. What two prophecies were fulfilled in respect of 
 Zedekiah ? What remarkable prophecy was uttered re- 
 specting him by Ezekiel ? Eeconcile these prophecies. 
 
 531. How was J eremiah treated by Zedekiah ? and by 
 Nebuchadnezzar? 532. W'hom did Nebuchadnezzar 
 appoint governor over the remnant of the people? What
 
 I40 I, II. CEBONICLES. 
 
 Nebuchadnezzar appointed Gedaliah f t„ j^i 
 3or ; but he was treacherously slain at a ( 
 
 dressers, 
 as governor : 
 
 feast by Ishnael, who intended to take the people as 
 captives among the Ammonites. Johanan rescued his 
 brethren, and they nearly all fled to Egypt, and compelled 
 Jeremiah, and JBarnch to accompany them. A few of 
 them afterwards returned, but they were removed by 
 Nebuzar-adan into Chaldea. And as no colonies were 
 sent to occupy the country, the land lay desolate the 
 allotted time. Jer. xl, 7 ; xli. 2. 
 
 533. The Kings of Syria mentioned in the books 
 of Kings, and Cheonicles, are the following:— 
 
 B.C. 
 
 Hadadezer (2 Sam. viii. 3.) or) ^f 7,nV,„Vi 1040 
 
 Hadarezer(lC/^T0Jz.xviii.3.).i ^1 Zoban 1U40 
 
 Eezon (1 Kings xi. 23.) or) nf "nnnntipns! 100^^ 
 
 Hezion (*5.xv. 18.) } ^^ l^amascus 1UU5 
 
 Tabrimon (i6. xvi. 8.) of Syeia 960 
 
 Benhadad I. {ib. xv. 18; 2 Chron. xvi. 2.) 941 
 
 Benhadad II. (1 Khigs xx. 2G.) 910 
 
 Hazael (2 A7«(/5 viii. 28.) 885 
 
 Benhadad III. (z5. xiii. 24.) 839 
 
 Eezin (i5. XV. 37 ; i^«. vii. 1.) 742 
 
 I, II. Cljromclijs, 
 
 534. The two Books of Chronicles are considered 
 a kind of Stqjplement to the preceding Books of Scripture, 
 supplying important particulars that had been omitted ; 
 and relate the same history as the Books of Samuel. 
 and of Kings. Their compilation has been attributed 
 to Ezra. 
 
 535, The Contents. — The tivo Books of CJironicles 
 comprehend a period of 3408 years; 2988 in the First 
 
 befel him, and the country ? What became of the Jewish 
 people after the conquest of Jerusalem by Nebuchad- 
 nezzar ? 533. Name the several Kings of Syria. 634. 
 "What are the Books of Chronicles considered.? To whom 
 are they attributed ? 535. What periods of time do 
 the events recorded in the First and Second Books of 
 Chronicles comprehend ?
 
 BABYLONISB CAPTIVITY. H^ 
 
 Book, and 480 in the Second. The First Boole contains 
 a short account of the whole of Sacred History to the 
 time it was written: and embraces genealogical tables 
 from Adam to Ezra, and the histories of Saul and David. 
 The Second Book continues the history of Solomon, and 
 of the Kings of Judah down to the captivity ; very little 
 is said of those of Israel. 
 
 Babylonish Captiyity. 
 
 536. The remnant destroyed. — After the. assassina- 
 tion of GedaliaJi, and the flight of the remaining Jews 
 into Egypt, Jeremiah, who had accompanied him, pre- 
 dicted their early destruction by Nebuchadnezzar in an 
 invasion of Egypt. This so exasperated the people that 
 they stoned the prophet to death, and cast his body into a 
 pit ; soon after, the prophecy was fulfilled. 
 
 637. The Babylonian captives were not reduced 
 to a state of abject slavery, but appeared to be more like 
 colonists. Daniel, and liis three companions, Shadrach^ 
 Meshachy and Abednego^ were instructed in the Chaldean 
 learning in order to fit them for important posts in the 
 government ; and after three years they exceeded ' all the 
 ' Magicians and Astrologers that were in all the realm.' 
 {Dan. i. 17 — 20.). The Scripture narrative is now con- 
 tinued in the writings of Daniel. 
 
 638. Nebuchadnezzar's Dream. — The first circum- 
 stance of importance was Daniel's recovering the dreaon 
 of Nebughadnezzae, which the monarch had forgotten; 
 and giving an exposition of it;, which none of the Chal- 
 deans could accomplish. The first dream was that of a 
 bright and huge image, with a head of gold, breast and 
 arms of silver, belly and thighs of brass, legs of iron, and 
 feet partly iron, and partly clay, which was dashed to 
 pieces by a stone ; and the stone became a mountain, and 
 filled the Vv'hole earth {Dan. ii. 31 — 35.). The interpretation 
 of Daniel was — that it signified the- four great monarchies 
 of the world, the Assyrian, Persian, Grecian, and Roman, 
 which would destroy one another in succession, and the 
 last of them should be destroyed by a stone, the kingdom 
 
 536. What became of Jeremiah? 537. AYhat was the 
 condition of the Babylonian Captives ? 538. What were 
 Nebuchadnezzar's two dreams, and Daniel's interpretation 
 of them ?
 
 142 BABTLONISE CAPTIVITY. 
 
 of Christ, which should spread through the earth, and 
 remain for ever. Ban. ii. 37—45. 
 
 639. His idolatry. — After this Nebuchadnezzar 
 glorified the God of Daniel, and exalted him, and his 
 companions over the province of Babylon, But the 
 king shortly after erected from the spoils of his wars, a 
 golden statue, 120 feet high, on the plain of Dura, (587. 
 B. c.) and he commanded every one to fall down and 
 worship it, under penalty of being cast into a burning 
 fiery furnace. IShadrach, Meshach, and Ahednego, would 
 not bend the knee to the image ; and they were therefore 
 bound, and cast into the fiery furnace : the flames con- 
 sumed the men who thrust them in, but the three Jews 
 were miraculously preserved. The king then gave glory- 
 to the God of the Hebrews, and exalted ShadracJi, Me- 
 shach and Ahednego to great dignity. Dan. iii. 1. 
 
 540. Nebuchadnezzar's Second Dream. — Shortly 
 after, Nebuchadnezzar dreamed a second dream ; which 
 was that of a tall and spreading tree that was cut down, 
 and the stump of it was left in the earth ; and it was to 
 have a beast's heart given to it instead of a man's for 
 seven years, until it should acknowledge the omnipotence 
 of God. Dan. iv. 1 — 16. This was Daniel's interpretation 
 — that Nebuchadnezzar on account of his pride should 
 become mad, and dwell seven years with the beasts of the 
 earth, and be restored to his reason and his kingdom again, 
 when he should confess to the infinite power of God over 
 the affairs of men. (19—27.)- This was fulfilled in the 
 following year. B, C. 5G9 — G3. Nehiichadnezzar's reason 
 having at the end of seven years returned to him, he 'be- 
 gan to praise and extol the King of Heaven ;' {Dan. iv.) 
 and at length after a reign of 43 years he died. 5G2. B.C. 
 
 541. Evil-Merodach. — Nebuchadnezzar was suc- 
 ceeded by his son EvU-Merodach, who had governed the 
 kingdom during the indisposition of his father. On his 
 accession, ho released Jehoiachin^ king of Judah from im- 
 
 530. What other Jewish captives besides Daniel did 
 Nebuchadnezzar promote? What happened to Shadrach, 
 Meshach, and Abednego in Babylon ? How did it affect 
 the king? Who was Nebuchadnezzar ? 510. What was 
 Nebuchadnezzar's second dream, and Daniel's interpre- 
 tation of it? What was his sin, and its punishment? 
 641. Who succeeded Nebuchadnezzar ? Who was Bel- 
 shazzar ? When did ho live ?
 
 BABYLONISH CAPTIVITT. 143 
 
 prisonment, where he had been pining 36 years, and had 
 nim treated with honor and respect. JEvil-MerodacJi 
 reigned about one year, or two years, and was followed by 
 his son Belshazzar, the grandson of Nebuchadnezzar, 
 560. B. c. : the last of the Babylonian monarchs. Darius 
 the Mede at the same time succeeded Astyages on the 
 throne of Media, as Cyaxeres II. 
 
 542. Belshazzar in the fourth year of his reign 
 made a great entertainment for a thousand of his court- 
 iers, and their wives; and when excited with wine he 
 ordered the gold and silver vessels taken from the Temple 
 of Jerusalem, to be brought to the feast for himself and 
 courtiers to drink from, to the honour of their idols. 
 During this impious act, he with horror perceived as it 
 were a man's finger writing upon the wall : he com- 
 manded immediately all the diviners and astrologers of 
 Babylon to be sent for to expound the writing ; but they 
 could not. Ban. v. 
 
 543. The Hand-writing.— DajiieZ wa^ at last called 
 upon to interpret the words there ^vritten ; viz. Ileney 
 
 * Mene, teheU upliarsin! He gave this interpretation : — 
 * Mene — God hath numbered thy kingdom and finished 
 *it. Tekel—HhoM art weighed in the balances, and art 
 'found wanting. Peres* — Thy kingdom is divided, and 
 
 * given to the Medes and Persians.' {Dan. v. 26—28.). It 
 was thus fulfilled : ' In that night was Belshazzar, the 
 *king of the Chaldfeans, slain, and Darius the Median 
 *took the kingdom.' {Dan. v. 30, 31.) B.C. 539. 
 
 544. Darius the Mede. — The Babylonian Empire 
 now became subject to Darius the Mede, the son of Aha- 
 snerus {Dan. ix, 1.) : and consequently the Median laws 
 were introduced as the rule of government. This Daeifs 
 is considered by some the same as Cyaxeres II. the son 
 of Astyages : he was also the uncle of Cyrus : still there is 
 much doubt respecting who this Darius the Mede, was. 
 Some say that Cteus took Babylon, as his general ; and 
 that on his uncle's death two years after, he succeeded 
 
 542. In what consisted the impiety of Belshazzar's 
 feast? And relate what happened during its celebration ? 
 543. Relate the interpretation given by Daniel. And 
 how it was accomplished. 544. Give the date of the 
 last king. To what monarch did it then become subject ? 
 
 • Peres, from the verb Paras, signifies, " to divide or break ; " upharsin Is 
 a particle of the verb paras, signifying, " and they divide it." — Loxcth.
 
 144 
 
 BABYLONISH CAPTIVITY. 
 
 bim; and made Babylon bis residence.— Cyrus after tbe 
 deatb of Darius the Mede, reigned about eigbt years over 
 Babylon, and was succeeded by Cambyses, called Abas- 
 uerus in Ezra iv. 
 
 545. The Monarchs of tbe Assfi^rian, and Baby- 
 lonian Empires since the deatb of Solomon were : — 
 
 ASSYBIAir. 
 
 Babylonian. 
 
 B.C. 
 
 Tul (2 Kings xv. 19. 
 
 1 Chr. V. 26.) ante 769 
 TiglatJi-Pileser ante 738 
 
 (2 Kings xv.^d.) 747 
 
 Shalmaneser (ib. xvii.) 729 
 Sennacherib (2 Kings 
 xviii. xix. ; 2 Chron. 
 xxxii. 
 
 Sargon, (Isai xx.) 713 
 JEsar-haddon (2 Kings 
 
 xix. 37.) 711 
 
 or Sardanapalus, 
 or Asnapper (Kzra), 
 or Sarchedonus 
 (Tobit) 
 Asordanes (Nergilus) G93 
 Adrameles(Sammughes) 691 
 
 Axerdis 670 
 
 Nabucbodonosor 050 
 
 (or Sardanapalus) 
 Saraciis (Ninus II. G30 
 
 or Sardanapalus) 
 
 B.C. 
 
 Nabonassar 
 
 747 
 
 Nadius 
 
 733 
 
 Cbinzirus and Porus... 
 
 731 
 
 Jugseus 
 
 7^6 
 
 Mardocempadus 
 
 721 
 
 (Merodach Bala dan) 
 
 
 (2 Kings xx. 12 ; Isai 
 
 
 xxxix. 1 ; Jer. i. 2.) 
 
 
 Arcbianus 
 
 709 
 
 Hagisa 
 
 703 
 
 Baldanes 
 
 703 
 
 Belibus 
 
 702 
 
 Asordanes 
 
 699 
 
 llegibalus 
 
 693 
 
 Mcsesimordacluis 
 
 692 
 
 {Interregnum 688.) 
 
 
 Asaridinus 
 
 680 
 
 Saosducbinus 
 
 6()7 
 
 Clunaladanus 
 
 , 647 
 
 Nabopolassar 
 
 , 625 
 
 
 B.C. 
 
 
 . 604 
 
 Nebuchadnezzar (alone) 
 
 (2 Chron. xxxvi ; Jer. xxvii ; JSzek. xxi ; 
 Dan. ii — iv.) 
 
 'Evil-Merodach 
 
 (2 Kings xxv. 27.) 
 
 Neriglissar 
 
 Laborosoarcbod 
 
 Belshazzar {Dan. v.) 
 
 561 
 
 559 
 556 
 556 
 
 545. "Wbo were the monarchs of Assyria and Babylon 
 from the time of Solomon ?
 
 B.C. 53^-] EZHA. 145 
 
 (S^ra. 
 
 3468. A. M. 536. B. c. 
 
 546. This Book was ■written by Ezra, and em- 
 braces a period of 79 years, commencing from the Edict of 
 Cyrus, 536. B. C. ; This Book relates the return of the 
 Jews under Zeriibbabel ; their re-estabhshment in 
 Juda:a; the rebuilding of the Temple: and Ezra's ap- 
 pointment to the governorship of Judsea. 
 
 547. Ezra was a descendant of Seraiah in a right 
 line from Aaron, and of the tribe of Levi : he succeeded 
 Zeruhhahel as governor of Jud?ea by a commission from 
 Artaxeexes, king of Persia, which lasted 13 years. The 
 King besides giving him a magnificent donation towards 
 the support of the Temple, permitted him to obtain 
 contributions: he procured ministers for the Divine 
 Services, committed the gold and silver offerings and ves- 
 sels for the Temple unto the priests : and then offered 
 burnt-offerings unto the God of Israel. {Ezra viii.) 
 
 548. Ezra's death. — Ezra is said to have died in 
 the 120th year of his age, and to have been buried in 
 Jerusalem : some said he died in Persia, and was buried 
 on the banks of the Samura. He is also called Esdras. 
 
 549. His Writings. — He was well skilled in the 
 Law, and in the Scriptures, and in their interpretation. 
 It was believed that he was chiefly concerned in arranging 
 the Books of Scripture ; and in addition to writing the 
 EooJc of Ezra, to have assisted also in compiling the 
 Books of Chronicles, and to have added to other Books 
 what seemed necessary for completing them. 
 
 546. Who was the author of the Book of Ezra? At 
 what time did he live ? What period of time does its his- 
 tory embrace ? What does it relate ? 547. Who was 
 Ezra ? to what tribe did he belong ? and what was his 
 office ? How long was he governor of Judsea? Who ap- 
 pointed him? What did he in respect of the Temple? 
 548. When did he die? and by what other names has he 
 been called ? 549. Give some account of his writings 
 and of his labours in respect of the Sacred Scriptures. 
 
 N
 
 14^ i:ZEA. [Ezra iv. 
 
 550. Duration of the Captivity. — From the taking 
 of the Jews captive into Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar in 
 the fourth year of the reign of Jehoiakim, 606. b. c, to 
 the establishment of the Persian empire by Cyrus 536. 
 B. C. was a period of 70 years ; during which time it had 
 been prophesied by Jeremiah that the Jews should remain 
 in captivity.— (Jer. xxv. 11, 12 ; xxix. 10.) 
 
 551. C3n:us. — Cyrus had now b. c. 539. united 
 the Babylonian, Median, and Persian Monarchies in his 
 own person, by succeeding his uncle Darius. In the first 
 year of his reign, Daniel made Cyrus acquainted with 
 those prophecies oi Isaiah (xliv. 28; xlv. 1—4.), in which 
 the King was described as the instrument of God for 
 restoring the Jewish nation to their Temple, and their 
 ancient land. {Jer. xxv. 12 ; xxix. 10.) The Monarch was 
 so affected with the intelligence, that he immediately 
 issued a decree, permitting all Jews and Israelites to 
 return to their own country, and rebuild their Temple at 
 Jerusalem. Ezra i. 1. 536. B. C. 3468. A. M. 
 
 552. Departure /rom Captivity. — Accordingly "up- 
 wards of 59,000, composed chiefly of the tribes of Judah, 
 and Benjamin, left for Judsea under Zerubbabel, and 
 Jeshua the high-priest, bringing with them the gold and 
 silver vessels of the Temple that had been taken away by 
 Nebuchadnezzar; together with the donations of the 
 Jews who remained behind. {Ezra i.) 536. B.C. 
 
 553. Zerubbabel, called also Sheshazzar, was the 
 son of Shealtiel, one of the tribe of Judah. He was also 
 the grandson of king Jeconias (Jehoiachin), and conse- 
 quently descended from David. He was a 'Prince of 
 Judah,' and was appointed Governor by Cyrus. Jeshua (or 
 Joshua) a Levite, was the High-priest ; he was the son of 
 Josedeoh, and grandson of Seraiah, when Jerusalem and 
 
 550. How long were the Jews in captivity at Babylon ? 
 By whom was its duration prophesied ? 551. Who re- 
 leased Ihe Jews from Captivity at Babylon ? What events 
 in the East contributed to this release ? Under what cir- 
 cumstances did Cyrus issue a proclamation for the build- 
 ing of the Temple ? 552. Under whom did the tribes of 
 Judah return to Jerusalem ? To what tribes did they 
 chiefly belong ? Give the date B. c. 553. Who were the 
 chief i)crsons concerned in the restoration of the Jews, 
 and in the rebuilding of the Temple ? Who were 2^rub- 
 babcl and Jeshua ? Of what tribes were they ?
 
 B.C. 522.1 EZRA. H7 
 
 the Temple were destroyed. In about 6 months they 
 arrived in Jerusalem ; and set up an altar of Burnt- 
 offering ; and in the 7th month celebrated the Feast of 
 Tabernacles, and commenced the daily Sacrifices. They 
 then made every preparation for their important work. 
 {Ezra iii.) 
 
 554. Samaritans' aid refused. — In the year after 
 their arrival in Jerusalem, Zeruhhahel laid the foundation 
 of the Second Temple, B. C. 535. The Samaritans prof- 
 fered their assistance ; but Zeruhhahel rejected their 
 oflfers, because they were not true descendants of Abra- 
 ham, and were also addicted to idolatry. The Samaritans 
 on receiving this repulse, threw every possible obstruction 
 in the way of rebuilding the Temple, and restoring the 
 prosperity of the Jews, so that during the life-time of 
 Cteus little progress was made. He died b. c, 530. and 
 was succeeded by his son Camhyses, called in Scripture 
 Ahasuerus : and even during the reign of this prince, 
 which lasted 8 years, no great advance was made. He 
 was succeeded in b. C. 522. by Smerdis, called Artaxerxes, 
 {Ezra iv. 7.). 
 
 655. The Jews had not proceeded far in their 
 work before an order came from Artaxerxes (Smerdis), 
 through the misrepresentations of the Samaritans, who 
 Baid the Jews were fortifying Jerusalem in order to resist 
 paying tribute, for them to desist, b. c. 522. AV hence 
 sprung up a mutual hatred between the two nations; 
 which was increased by the erection of a rival temple on 
 Motint Gerizim. Artaxerxes reigned but 7 mouths, and 
 was succeeded by Darius Hystaspes. 
 
 556. Mount Gerizim. — It appears that when 
 Nehemiah was recalled by Aetaxeexes, during his ab- 
 sence Eliashih, the high-priest, married his grandson 
 Manasseh, son of Joiada, to a daughter of Sanhallat, and 
 allowed Tohiah, a kinsman of Sanhallat, an apartment in 
 the Temple. Nehemiah, on his return rejected Tohiah; 
 and compelled Manasseh to quit the city. Sanhallat^ in 
 
 554 Who laid the foundation of the Second Temple ? 
 Who offered their assistance to the Jews to rebuild the 
 Temple ? Was it accepted ? 555. What interruption 
 did they offer in consequence ? What was the cause of 
 hatred between the Samaritans and the Jews ? How 
 did they behave to the Jews ? 556. Who was Sanhallat, 
 and on what occasion is his name mentioned? Where did 
 the Samaritans worship ? Who was their first high-priest ?
 
 148 EZRA. [Ezravi. 
 
 order to support ManasseJi his son-in-law, obtained per- 
 mission from Darius Nothus (b. c. 410.), to build a temple 
 on Mount Oerizim where ManasseJi might perform his 
 priestly functions. After this event, the Jews were in- 
 flamed with the most bitter hatred against their neigh- 
 bours, and would have ' no dealings with the Samaritans.* 
 John iv. 9. 
 
 557. The Temple completed. — Soon after the ac- 
 cession of Darius Hystaspes, the inspired prophets 
 Hagffai and Zechariah in S'^.O. B. c. successfully urged 
 the Jews to their task. At last, after many delays and 
 obstructions, Zeruhbabel and Jeshiia roused by these 
 prophets pushed on the work, and the Temple was com- 
 pleted in tlie 6th or 7th year of Darius, 515. B. C, 21 years 
 after it had been begun. 
 
 558. The Dedication.— At the feast of the Dedi- 
 caiion, offerings were made for the Twelve Tribes : but 
 as the greater number were of the tribe of Judah, the 
 Israelites from this period were called Jews, and their 
 country Judcea. Among them returned the prophets 
 Haggai and Zechariah, sent by God to urge on the re- 
 building of the Temple : Ezra v. 1, 2. At this part of 
 Ezra (between chs. vi. and vii.), the Book of Esther may- 
 be introduced. 
 
 559. Esther,''queen, — Artaxerxcs LongimamiSj 
 who is known in Scripture under the name o{ Ahasuerus, 
 in the 3rd year of his reign put away his queen Vashti^ 
 because she refused to api^ear in her royal apparel at a 
 national banquet. This ultimately led to the election of 
 Esther, one of the Jewish captives, to supply her place ; 
 which occurred about the 7th year of his reign. 574. B. c. 
 
 5G0. Ezra appointed. — Aboiit tlie same period the 
 pious Ezra was appointed governor of Jerusalem, and 
 received great encouragement from the King and court. 
 Numbers of his countrymen (about GOOO) accompanied 
 him into Juda,'a ; and he was invested with authority 
 to demand supplies from the Syrian governors ; and to 
 
 557. When was the Second Temple built? 558. 
 What were the Israelites and the country called after 
 their return from captivity ? and why ? What pro])hets 
 left Babylon with Zeruhbabel on the release of the Jews 
 from captivity, and encouraged them in rebuilding the 
 Temple? 559. Who supplanted Vashti? By what 
 name is Ahasuerus known in profane history ? 560. 
 Who was appointed governor of the Jews ?
 
 B. C. 446.] NEEEMIAH. 1 49 
 
 appoint judges, and magistrates. After a journey of 4 
 months Ezra arrived in Jerusalem (b. C. 458.) ; and de- 
 posited in the hands of the principal priests, the con- 
 tributions, and the vessels he had brought for the 
 Temple. {Ezra vii. viii.), 
 
 561. Ezra resigns. — Ezra effected many reforms, 
 {Neh. viii. 14.), and revived the Feast of Tabernacles^ 
 {Ezra ix. x. ; iVe/i. viii. 17.)- At last, he resigned his 
 office, after holding it 12 years ; and applied himself to 
 arranging the Scriptures, and providing for the true 
 Worship of God : but vehether he returned to Babylon 
 or not, is not known. He was succeeded by Nehemiah^ 
 (445. B. C.) 
 
 3558. A. M, 446. B. C. 
 
 562. This book is a history of the government of 
 Nehemiah, and a continuation of the history in the Book 
 of Ezra. It was written by Nehemiali ; and embraces a 
 period of about 36 years, at the end of which time the 
 Scripture History closes. Wherefore from the Book of 
 Joshua, or death of Moses, 1451. B. c. to the reformation 
 effected by Nehemiah, is comprised a period of 1031 years. 
 
 563. Nehemiah was the son of Hachaliah, of tho 
 tribe of Judah, and was born at Babylon during the 
 Captivity. He held the office of Cup-bearer, termed in 
 Scripture Tlrshatha, (a word meaning also a governor)^ 
 to Aetaxeexes Loxgimanus, king of Persia. Having 
 heard of the miserable condition of the city, and sepul- 
 chres of his fathers, he obtained permission of Artaxerxes 
 to go to Jerusalem, and rebuild its walls, its towers, and 
 its gates. The King consented, and by a decree made 
 
 561. How long did Ezra hold his office, and by whom 
 •was he succeeded ? What festival was revived by Ezra ? 
 562. What is contained in the book of Nehemiah? What 
 period does it embrace ? What period is embraced from 
 the book of Joshua to Nehemiah? 563. Who was 
 Nehemiah ; of what tribe was he ; and what office did 
 he hold in the Persian court ? When did he live ? What 
 request did Nehemiah make of the king of Persia? What 
 was the object of his mission ? 
 
 N2
 
 I50 NEEEMIAH. [Neh. xiii. 
 
 him governor of Judaea, appointed him a military escort, 
 and gave him authority to obtain materials for his under- 
 taking. {Neh. ii. 1—7.) 446. B. C. This Nehemiah must 
 not be confounded with another Nehemiah^ who came 
 from Babylon with Zerubbabel. 
 
 564. Reforms. — On his arrival in Judaea, Nehe- 
 miah made a secret inspection of Jerusalem, and imme- 
 diately exhorted the Jews to set aboutrepairing the walls, 
 and gates of the city. Their enemies, the Samaritans, 
 adopted every stratagem to defeat their intentions; but 
 Nehemiah armed the workmen, so that they might be 
 ready for any emergency ; after fifty-two days the walls 
 and towers were completed. Nehemiah then vvith solemn 
 services dedicated the whole to God. He directed the 
 rulers of the people to reside in Jerusalem, and one in 
 every ten of the people to dwell in the holy city ; while 
 the remaining nine were to occupy the towns. {Neh. xii. 
 27—43. 
 
 6G5. He also effected many oivil and religious 
 improvements ; — (1) He forbid usury, and oppression, and 
 enforced restitution; — (2) He dissolved the marriages of 
 the Jews with heathen women, whom he expelled from 
 the country.— (3) Enjoined a strict observance of the 
 Sabbath ; — (4) also the observance of the Sabbatical year, 
 — (5) and the annual 'payment of the third of a shekel for 
 the service of the Temple. — (0) The first fruits of the 
 ground, of their sons, and of their cattle were to be 
 brojight to the House of God.— (7) and Tithe of all the 
 produce of the land was to be given to the Priests and 
 Lovites. {Neh. x. 29—37.). After being governor about 
 12 years, Nehemiah returned, as he had promised, to the 
 court of Persia, (b. c. 44.5 — 133.). 
 
 .506. Nehemiah's last days. — In the course of a 
 few years Nehemiah revisited Jerusalem, and corrected 
 the irregularities and abuses which had crept in during 
 his absence ; and soon after died, having governed Judaea 
 about 25 or 30 years. 3584. a. m. 420. B. n. {Neh. xiii.). 
 About this time (420. B.C.) the prophet Malachi exercised 
 his ministerial functions : and pave great strength and efli- 
 ciency to the injunctions of Nehemiah, by reproving the 
 priests and people for their scandalous lives. 
 
 5<)4. "What circumstance attended the accomplishment 
 of this design ? AVhat proportion of the peoi)le were to 
 dwell in Jerusalem? 505. What reforms did Nehemiah 
 otl'ect? Ilowlong was he governor of J udtea? 500. What 
 happened at Jerusalem during Nehemiah's absence?
 
 B, c. 420.] ESTEEB. 1 5 1 
 
 567. His writings. — Nehemiah is tliouglit to have 
 written an account of his governmeDt, (2 Mace. ii. 13.), 
 from which this Book is said to be extracted ; and Hkewise 
 to have assisted Ezra in the revisal of the Scriptures. 
 
 568. The Historical Scriptures end. — As the Scrip- 
 TUEE HiSTOEY closes with this Book, recourse must be 
 had to the Books of the Maccabees, and to Josephus, for 
 the particulars of the Jewish history from B. C 420. to 
 the destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans, a. d. 70. 
 
 569. Judaea, a province of Persia. — Jucea con- 
 tinued subject to the kings of Persia about 200 years; 
 the High-priest holding the chief authority under the 
 governors of Syria, in which it was henceforth included. 
 
 o 
 
 3544. A. M. About 460. B. c. 
 
 570. The Book of Esther contains the history 
 of a Jewish captive of that name, who was raised by 
 marriage with Ahasuerus (Aetaxeexes Longimanus) 
 to the throne of Persia. The author of it is not known, 
 and it embraces a period of about 20 years, coming in 
 between the 6th and 7th chapters of the Book of Ezra. 
 
 571. Its contents. — In this Book are detailed — 
 the elevation of Esther to the throne, and the discovery 
 by Mordecai of a plot against the king; the promotion of 
 Haman, and his designs against the Jews ; the conduct 
 of Esther, who defeated Haman's plot, and procured his 
 death : the advancement of Mordecai'; the deliverance of 
 the Jews; the institution of the Feast of Purim; and the 
 promotion of Mordecai. 
 
 567. Give some account of his writings. 568. What 
 prophet lived at this time, and assisted Nehemiah in his 
 labours? At what year B. c. does the Scripture History 
 end.' To what books must recourse be had for further 
 particulars of the Jewish history? 569. How was Judsea 
 g9verned after the death of Nehemiah? 570. What 
 history is comprised in the Book of Esther? What period 
 of time does it embrace ? 571. Give an abstract of the 
 Book of Esther.
 
 1 5 2 H STEER, [Esther vii. 
 
 572. Esther, or according to her Hebrew name, 
 Sadassah, was of the tribe of Benjamin, and daughter of 
 Abihail. Her parents dying during her early years, she 
 was brought up under the care of her cousin Mordecai 
 (some say her uncle) ; and when Ahasuerus had divorced 
 VasMi in the 3rd year of his reign (b. c, 402.), a iQVf 
 years after he married Esthee, and made her his queen. 
 B. c. 458. 
 
 573. Hainan's revenge. — Raman, the favourite 
 of Ahasuerus, not receiving the accustomed obeisance 
 from Mordecai, burned with indignation against him, and 
 determined to procure the destruction of all the Jews in 
 Persia. He artfully obtained from the King permission 
 to exterminate the whole race on a certain day. Ahas- 
 uerus was probably not then aware of Esther's Jewish 
 extraction. Haman also prepared a lofty gallows for the 
 hanging of Mordecai. 
 
 574. The Queen hearing of these proceedings, 
 appointed a fast, and at the risk of her life interceded 
 with the King for her country-people. The King being 
 that evening reminded of the conspiracy of the two 
 chamberlains, which had been frustrated by the discovery 
 of Mordecai, whose service in this matter had not yet 
 been requited, on the following morning commanded 
 Haman to clothe Mordecai in royal apparel, and lead him 
 on horseback through the city ; proclaiming—' Thus shall 
 ' it be done unto the man whom the King delighteth to 
 'honour.' Immediately after this, Esther invited the 
 King and Raman, to a banquet, when she denounced 
 Haman's treacherous purpose, begged for her own life 
 and that of her people. Ahasuerus immediately ordered 
 that Haman should be hanged on the very gallows he 
 had prepared for Mordecai, and his sons with him : and 
 that Mordecai should be advanced in his place. This 
 occurred in the 12th year of the king's reign, and five 
 years after Ezra's appointment. 
 
 \^ 575. Feast of Purim. — In commemoration of the 
 deliverance of the Jews from the plot of Saman. the 
 Feast of Furitn, or of Lots, were celebrated annually on 
 
 572. By whom was Esther brought up ? 573. What 
 gave rise to Haman's hatred of the Jews? How did he 
 plot their destruction ? 574. How was the plot frus- 
 trated ? What was his end ? 575. What was the occasion 
 and date of the Feast of Purim? What is the signifi- 
 cation of the word Purim?
 
 B.C. 453-] JOB. 153 
 
 the 14th and loth of the month Adar (Pebruary), {JEsth. 
 iii.— ix.) : because Haman by the casting of lots, called 
 Furim, from Pur, a lot, had decided on this day. On 
 this occasion every Jew was required to attend the Syna- 
 gogues, and join in the reading of the Book of Esther, 
 after which they were allowed to indulge in festivities at 
 their own houses. The exact date of this transaction is 
 uncertain. Some say 509. b. C. ; others, 453. B. c, 
 
 576. Mordecai was the son of Jair of the race of* 
 Saul, and a chief of the tribe of Benjamin ; he was carried 
 to Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar with Jehoiachim, king of 
 Judah; after which he settled at Shushan. He adopted 
 his cousin Hadassah (Esther), bringing her up as his own 
 daughter; and on her becoming Queen of Persia, he 
 made repeated visits to the palace to enquire after her 
 health, and happiness. During one of these visits he 
 discovered a conspiracy formed by two eunuchs, to kill 
 the King. His service was registered, but not rewarded 
 till the time just mentioned. 3Ionlecai was at length 
 advanced to high honour and dignity, and subsequently 
 went to Jerusalem. (Ezra ii. 2; I^^eh. vii. 7.). 
 
 577. The Poetical Books are so called because 
 they are generally composed in measured periods, and 
 have the characteristic features of Hebrew poetry : they 
 comprise the^re books of 
 
 JOB, PSALMS, PROVEEBS, ECCLESIASTES, 
 SOLOMON'S SONG. 
 
 JOB. 
 
 578. The Book of Job is supposed to have been 
 written by Job himself, and subsequently copied by 
 
 576. Who was Mordecai? 577. Why are certain 
 of the Books called Poetical Books ? 578. Who wrote 
 the Book of Job, and what does it record?
 
 154 JOB. [Jobii. 
 
 Moses : it describes the early prosperity of that venerable 
 patriarch : his unequalled patience under various calami- 
 ties and afflictions : and his ultimate restoration to better 
 circumstances, 
 
 579. The ^ra of Job. — Job is said to have lived 
 prior to, or about the time of Moses, b. c. 1520. Many 
 consider him to be the same with Johab the son of Joktan, 
 the brother of Peleg, and consequently grandson of Eber. 
 Others affirm that he is descended from Uz, the son of 
 Nahor, the brother of Abraham. The actual time of Joh's 
 existence is a matter of great obscurity. 
 
 580. His Life, and trials. — Job was probably the 
 great teacher of righteousness between the times of Noah 
 and Abraham; about 400 years after the dispersion at 
 Babel. He was possessed of considerable riches both in 
 cattle and slaves, and had a numerous family. When 
 about GO years of age, (or according to the SeptuaginL 
 260 years), and his 7 sons had been all married and settled 
 in life, it pleased the Almighty, in order to try his faith 
 in the existence and providence of God, to permit Satan, 
 to afflict him : saying, " behold all that he hath is in thy 
 " power : only upon himself put not forth thine hand.'* 
 {Job i. 12.). 
 
 581. Firsts his oxen, and asses were all stolen, 
 and his servants slain {ib. 15.). Secondly all his sheep, 
 and their shepherds were destroyed, {ib. 16.). Thirdly ^ 
 his camels were taken and the servants killed, {ib. 17.). 
 Fourthly, his sons and daughters were crushed beneath 
 the ruins of their house {ib. 19.) Job exclaimed, 'the Lord 
 ' gave, and the Lord hath taken away ; blessed be the name 
 'of the Lord.' {ib. 21.) Satan was next suffered to afflict 
 his person, ' but to save his life.' The Devil now smote 
 him 'with sore boils from the sole of his foot unto his 
 'crown.' {ib. ii. 7.). His wife prompted him to 'curse 
 'God and die; but Job answered 'shall we receive good 
 'at the hand of God, and shall we not receive evil.' 
 {ib. 9, 10.). 
 
 582. Hia three friends. — During these afflictions 
 three friends of Job came to visit him, viz. Fliphaz, the 
 Temauite, Bildad the Shuhile, and Zophar, the Naama- 
 
 579. Who was Job ? 580. At what time, and where 
 is Job supposed to have lived? 581. How far was Satan 
 permitted to try Job ? 682. Who were the three friends 
 that came to comfort Job 7 What sacrifice did God re-
 
 B.C. I003.] FSALM8. 155 
 
 thite, there was also Elihu, the Buzite. These were so 
 struck with his misfortunes, that they thought Job had 
 been guilty of some great impiety, and was suffering 
 according to his deserts; and therefore added reproaches 
 to his trials, {ih. xxxii— xli.). The Almighty condemned 
 the judgment of Job's friends, and required of them an 
 expiatory sacrifice, {ib. xlii. 8.). To Job the Lord now 
 •gave twice as much property as he had before.' And ' he 
 
 * had also seven sons, and three daughters.' {ib. 10. 13.) 
 
 583. His character. — Job was a truly good and 
 pious man, and not only endeavoured to bring up his 
 children in the fear of the Lord; but was ever anxious 
 for their eternal salvation, and continually offered burnt- 
 offerings in their behalf; for Job said, ' it may be that my 
 ' sons have sinned, and cursed God in their hearts. Thus 
 
 * did Job continuallv.' Job i. 4, 5. 
 
 584. The Doctrine.— The Book of Job teaches the 
 great duty of submission to the will of God ; and appears 
 to have been designed to shew to future generations, that 
 God often permits the best of men to be afflicted to prove 
 their faith, patience, and humble resignation to His will : 
 and that this world is not a perfect state of retribution 
 for vice and virtue; but that the good aud bad will 
 receive their due in the world to come. 
 
 585. Job uttered an important prophecy in re- 
 spect of our Saviour, which shewed his beUef in the 
 resurrection, and in the coming of the Messiah: — 
 
 'For I know that my Redeemer liveth, and that he 
 
 * shall stand at the latter day upon the earth.' Job xix. 25. 
 
 PSALMS. 
 
 586. The Book of Psalms is a collection of Hymns, 
 and sacred Songs, the most important of which were 
 composed by David; whence they have acquired the 
 name of the " Psalms of David ; " and he himself is 
 known as the ' Royal Psalmist/ 
 
 quire of his three friends? "What children had Job after 
 his afflictions ? 583. What steps did Job take for the 
 salvation of his children ? 584. What is the design of 
 the Book of Job? 585. What remarkable prophecy 
 did he utter regarding the Messiah? 586. Describe 
 the Book of Psahns.
 
 T56 
 
 PEOTEEBS. ECCLESIASTES. 
 
 587. Vvlio tlie several authors were, and the 
 precise occasion for whicll^eacli Psalm was composed, 
 cannot now be accurately ascertained; they are full of 
 inspiration, and prophecy ; prayer, and thanksgiving ; and 
 their sacredness is established by our Saviour, and His 
 apostles. 
 
 588. Their Division. — Tlie Psahns are 150 in 
 number, and have been usually divided into Jive portions, 
 or books ; they were collected together at different times ; 
 and finally by Ezra ; and are acknowledged by our Saviour 
 {lAike xxiv. 44.). The first four Books terminate with 
 • Amen,' and the last with ' IlaUeh'.jah.' 
 
 689. Their Subjects. — According to their subjects, 
 the Psalms have been classed into 
 
 I. Historical. IV. Prayer. 
 
 II. Instructive. V. Prophetical. 
 
 III. Praise. VI. Thanksgiving. 
 
 PROVEEBS. 
 
 590. The Book of Proverbs was written by Solo- 
 mon, the son of David. They are supposed to have been 
 gathered from the collection of 3000 that have been as- 
 cribed to him : their object is to inspire a deep reverence 
 for God, a fear of His judgments, and an ardent love 
 for wi.'^dom, and virtue; they are applicable to every 
 individual, and abound in precepts for the education of 
 children, and for the government of families, cities, and 
 states. 1 Kings iv. 33, 33. 
 
 ECCLESIASTES. 
 
 591. The Book of Ecclesiastes, or the ^ Preacher,^ 
 was also written by Solomon towards the close of his life, 
 and after his reformation from those evil practices to 
 which he had been tempted by his idolatrous wives. It 
 is a penitential discourse ; and Solomon endeavours from 
 
 587. What do the Psalms contain ? 588. How have 
 the Psalms been classed? 589. Specify their subjects. 
 500. Describe the Book of Proverbs. Who wrote this 
 Book ? and with what object? 591. Describe the Book 
 of Ecclesiastes.
 
 PJB OPEETICAL B OKS. I 5 7 
 
 sad experience, to show the vanity of all worldly pursuits, 
 and the insufficiency of earthly enjoyment. Practical 
 rehgiou is the leading truth of this Book. 
 
 THE SONG OF SOLOMON. 
 
 592. The Song of Solomon is the last of the 
 writings of that great man. It is thought to have been 
 composed by Solomon on the celebration of his Marriage 
 with the beautiful ' SJmlamite' the daughter of Pharaoh. 
 Some authors think be designed to render a ceremonial 
 appointment descriptive of a spiritual concern ; and this 
 Song is also supposed to shadow the future intimate 
 connexion between Christ and his Church, under the 
 endearing relation of a bridegroom and his bride. 
 {Eph. V. 23, 24. 32; Rev. xxi. 2. 9.). It is also called 
 * The Canticles: 
 
 ^r0pljrfkal §iD0lis, 
 
 593. The Prophetical Books form the last portion 
 into which the Bible is divided ; and they are so termed 
 from consisting chiefly of predictions of future events, 
 though many Historical and Doctrinal passages may be 
 found in them. The authors of these Books are by way 
 of eminence termed Prophets, that is divinely inspired 
 persons, raised up to be ministers of God's dispensation, 
 and to foretell events to come. 
 
 594. Their division. — The Prophetical Books are 
 16 in number, the 'Lamentations' of Jeremiah being a 
 kind of supplement to his predictions ; they are usually 
 divided into two classes, namely — the Greater Prophets, 
 and the Minor Prophets ; not from the one class possess- 
 ing more authority than the other, but from the greater 
 extent of their writings. 
 
 595. The writings of the Minor Prophets are 
 particularly valuable in explaining the reigns of the kings 
 
 592. The Song of Solomon. 593. What are the 
 Prophetical Books, and why so termed ? 594. Into 
 what classes are they divided, and why? 595. What 
 Is the character of the writings of the Minor Prophets ? 
 
 o
 
 IS8 FEOFEJETICAL BOOKS. 
 
 of Israel, and Judali; They also relate many most 
 important predictions relative to the birth, death, and 
 resurrection of our Saviour ; the call of the Gentiles ; 
 abandonment of the Jews ; the destruction of Jerusalem ; 
 and the dispensing with the ceremonies of the Mosaic 
 Law, 
 
 596, Their order. — The arrangement in the Bible 
 does not accord with the order of time in which the 
 JPropliets uttered their predictions. The following table 
 will with considerable accuracy exhibit them in three 
 distinct periods ; 
 
 1st. Those lefore the Captivity; 
 2nd. Those during the Captivity ; 
 3rd. Those after the Captivity; 
 
 596. What prophets lived before the Babylonish cap- 
 tivity? and what kings of Israel and Judah were con- 
 temporary with each of them? What prophets lived 
 during the Babylonish captivity? What prophets lived 
 after the return from the Babylonish captivity ? Who 
 were the earliest, and latest of the Prophets ? When did 
 they live ?
 
 PROPEETICAL BOOKS. 
 
 159 
 
 I. BEFOEE THE BABYLONISH CAPTIYITY. 
 
 {Those in capitals are the Greater Prophets.) 
 
 Peophets 
 Jonah 
 
 Amos 
 
 Sosea 
 
 Isaiah 
 
 Joel 
 
 Micah 
 
 Nahum 
 
 Zephaniah 
 
 Jeremiah 
 
 B C 
 ( from 856 ] 
 \ to 784 ' 
 ( from 810 ] 
 \ to 785 \ 
 
 (from 810 ' 
 "5 to 725 
 
 (from 810 ' 
 \ to 698 
 ( from 810 ^ 
 \ to 680 
 ( from 758 ] 
 \ to 699 ' 
 ( from 720 : 
 ( to 698 
 ( from 640 
 1 to 609 
 ( from 640 
 1 to 586 
 
 JUDAH ISEAEL. 
 
 ( Jehu and Jehoahaz. {Lloijd) 
 \ Joash Sf Jeroboam II. {Blair) 
 
 Uzziah, j Jeroboam II. 
 
 Uzziali, Jotliam, f 
 Ahaz, Zrd of < Jeroboam II. 
 Hezekiah. C 
 
 Uzziali, Jotliam, Aliaz, Heze- 
 kiah, perhaps Manasseh. 
 
 Uzziah, or Manasseh. 
 
 Jotliam, Ahaz, and ( Pekah, and 
 Hezekiah, ( Hoshea. 
 
 End of SezeJciaK 
 
 Josiah. 
 
 13^yio/Josiah. 
 
 II. DURING THE CAPTIVITY. 
 
 SahaTcJcuTc 
 
 Daniel 
 
 Ohadiah 
 
 ( from 612 \ Jehoiakim, and to near the end of 
 \ to 598 1 ^Ae Captivity. 
 
 1 ^To^S*" 1 -^"^"'^ ^^^ ^^^ Captivittj. 
 
 I from 588 \ From the talcing of Jerusalem to 
 
 \ to 583 S the destruction of the Edomites, 
 
 EZEKIEL I ^t^^lg^ I During part of the Captivity. 
 III. APTER THE CAPTIYITY. 
 
 Saggai ( ^^tTsil ^ } ^^^^^ ^^ return from Captivity. 
 
 y from 436) 
 
 Malachi 
 
 X to 420 3
 
 l6o TRE GREATER FSOFRETS. 
 
 ISAIAH. 
 
 From 8io. B.C. to 698. B.C. 
 
 597. The prophet Isaiah, who is the author of 
 this Book, 1 rophesied during ' the days of Uzziah, Jotham, 
 Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah ;' he was the son of 
 Amoz and died about 698. b. c, he is thought to have 
 prophesied 60 years. Some say but 45 years. 
 
 598. The Evangelical Prophet. — So much more 
 copiously, and more clearly than any other prophet, does 
 Isaiah predict the Messiah, and characterize His king- 
 dom, that he has been styled the 'Evangelical Frophet.' 
 
 599. His Prophecies. — The chief prophecies of 
 Isaiah are the Captivities of Israel, and of Judah (xxxix. 
 6, 7.) ; the ruin of Assyria, Babylon, Tyre, DamascuSy 
 Egypt, and other nations, (xiii. 19—22; xiv. 22—24; xlvii.). 
 He threatens the destruction of Syria, Damascus, and 
 of Israel [Ephraim), for confederating against Judah; 
 (vii. 1, 2; xvii.); which was accomplished by the king of 
 Assyria (viii. 4.), Tiglath-Fileser (2 Kings xv. 29.). He 
 also calls Cyrus by name, and describes his conquests, and 
 conduct towards the Jews, nearly 200 years before his 
 birth (xliv. 28; xlv. 1—5.). But he foretells the greatest 
 variety of events in respect of the Messiah. 
 
 GOO. Of Christ. — The particular prophecies in 
 respect of our Saviour were : 
 
 (a) His Forerunner. — ' The voice of him that crieth 
 'in the wilderne.-s, Prepare ye the way of the Lord; 
 'make straight in the desert a highway for our God.* 
 Isai. xl. 3. 
 
 597. Who was Isaiah ? When and how did he die ? 
 About how long B.C. did Isaiah prophecy? and under 
 what kings ? 598. Which of the prophets foretels the 
 greatest number of events relating to the Messiah ? 
 599. Mention some of the prophecies delivered by 
 Isaiah ? How was the prophecy in respect of the de- 
 struction of Syria and Israel accomplished ? COO. What
 
 isAiAm i6i 
 
 (5) His Family. — That lie shall be of the family of 
 Jesse or David — 'la that day there shall be a root of 
 ' Jesse which shall stand for an ensign of the people ; to 
 ' it shall the Gentiles seek.' Isai. xi. 10. 
 
 (c) His Birth. — That he shall be born of a virgin — 
 
 * A virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call 
 
 * his name Immanuel.' Isai. vii. 14. 
 
 {d) His Name and Kingdom. — His name shall be the 
 mighty God, and His kingdom shall stand for ever — 
 ' Unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given ; and the 
 
 * government shall be upon his shoulder; and his name 
 'shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, the mighty God, 
 'the everlasting Father, the Prince of Peace. Of the 
 
 * increase of His government and peace there shall be no 
 ' end, upon the throne of David and upon his Kingdom, 
 'to order it, and to establish it vrith judgment and with 
 'justice, from henceforth even for esier.'—Isai. ix. 6, 7. 
 
 (e) His Preaching, and Miracles. — His 'preaching of 
 the Gospel — ' He shall smite the earth with the rod of 
 ' his mouth, and with the breath of his lips shall he slay 
 ' the wicked.' Isai. xi. 4. ' The Spirit of the Lord God is 
 
 * upon me, because the Lord hath anointed me to preach 
 *good tidings unto the meek.' Isai. Ixi. 1 — 3. That ho 
 shall work Miracles — ' Then the eyes of the blind shall be 
 'opened, and the ears of the deaf shall be unstopped, 
 
 * then shall the lame man leap as an hart, and the tongue 
 
 * of the dumb shall sing. Isai. xxxv. 4. 
 
 (/) His Sufferings. — In Isaiah liii. 
 {g) His Eejection by the Jews. — 'He shall be for a 
 'sanctuary; but for a stone of stumbling, and for a rock 
 
 * of offence to both the houses of Israel ; for a gin and for 
 
 * a snare to the inhabitants of Jerusalem.' Isai. viii. 14. 
 0( the Jetvs tvho rejected Christ, he says that — 'Ye shall 
 ' leave your name for a curse to my chosen, for the Lord 
 
 * God shall slay thee, and shall call his servants by an- 
 
 * other name.' Isai. Ixv. 15. 
 
 (h) His Eeception by the Gentiles.— ^Q shall be a 
 light to the Gentiles, and salvation to the ends of the 
 earth. Isai. xlix. 6, 7. 
 
 are the particular prophecies of Isaiah in respect of 
 our Saviour? 
 
 o2
 
 1 62 EZEKIEL. 
 
 JEREMIAH. 
 
 From 62S. B. c. to 586. b. C. 
 
 601. The proj)het Jeremiah was a native of 
 Anathoth, of the priestly race, and. son of Hilkiah, and 
 began to prophesy when very young; he Uved nearly at 
 the same time with Zephaniah in the 13th year of the 
 reign of Josiah, son of Anion ; continuing to prophecy 
 upwards of 40 years, from 628. B. c. to 586. B. C, 
 
 602. Jeremiah followed the remnant of the Jews 
 into Egypt after the murder of Gedaliah, who was made 
 governor of Judea by Nebuchadnezzar in the place of 
 Zedekiah ; and in that country he was stoned to death by 
 his wiciked countrymen for his bold reproof of their 
 iniquities. 
 
 603. His prophecies. — His chief prophecies were 
 the fate of Jehoiakim, and Zedekiah (xxxiv. 2. 5.) : the 
 Babylonish Captixnty, the precise time of its duration, 
 and the return of the Jews (xxiii; xxv. 11, 12.); he 
 described also the downfall of several nations; and the 
 final destruction of Babylon; (ix. 26; xxv. 12—25; xlii. 
 10—18; xlvi— li. 63.) He foreshadowed the miraculous 
 conception of the Messiah, (xxxi. 22.) ; the virtue of His 
 atonement, His covenant, and His laws (xxxi. xxxiii.). 
 Besides his prophecies, there are his Lamentaiions, 
 
 LAMENTATIONS. 
 
 604. These Lamentations were composed by Jere- 
 miah, and are supposed to have been written in metre. 
 Though referring to calamities then present, they may be 
 considered applicable to the future miseries of the Jews. 
 
 EZEKIEL. 
 
 From 595. B. c. to 536. b. c. 
 
 605. The prophet Ezekiel was the son of Buzi a 
 descendant of Aaron, and of the tribe of Levi : he was 
 
 601. Who was Jeremiah ? Under what king did he 
 prophesy? 602. What was his end ? 603. Mention 
 some of his prophecies. What of his writings are extant? 
 
 604. What were the Lamentations, and by whom written ? 
 
 605. Who was the prophet Ezekiel? About how long 
 B. c. did Ezekiel prophecy ?
 
 DANITiL. 163 
 
 carried away captive to Babylon, and began to prophesy 
 eight or ten years after Daniel, in the fifth year of 
 Jehoiachin's captivity; and flourished 21 years from 
 595. B. c. "While with other Jewish captives on the banks 
 of the Chebar 400 miles above Babylon, he had an extra- 
 ordiTiary vi'^ion. 
 
 606. His prophecies The chief of EzekieVs pro- 
 phecies are — the calamities of Judsea, and the total 
 destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans ; the conquest 
 and ruin of the Moabites, Ammonites, Edomites, and 
 Philistines, and of Tyre, {Ezek. xxv — xxviii.) — of Sidon, 
 and of Egypt (xxix; xxx.). He also predicted the final 
 return of the Jews from their dispersion; and their 
 deliverance under Cyrus ; {Ezek. xxxix.) : and gives clear 
 intimations of the far more glorious redemption under 
 the Messiah, {Ezek. xxxiv. ; xxxvi.). 
 
 DANIEL. 
 
 From 606. B. c. to 534. B. c. 
 
 607. The prophet Daniel -was of the tribe of 
 Judah, and descended from the royal family of David. 
 He was carried captive to Babylon with other Jewish 
 princes in the reign of Jelioiachin, king of Judah, 606. B. C. 
 when about 20 years old; he resided in the court of 
 Nebuchadnezzar with his three companions, Hananiah^ 
 Mishael, and Azariah, who were called by the Chaldseans 
 Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, and Daniel was 
 called Belteshazzar. 
 
 608. At Babylon they acquired a suitable educa- 
 tion, and became of the first rank and importance in the 
 courts of Babylon and Persia; piety, wisdom, courage, 
 and fidelity, strongly marked their character; and God 
 was with them. As Daniel was 90 years old at the end of 
 the Captivity, it is probable he did not return to Judsea, 
 but died at Susa. 
 
 609. Its contents. — The Book of Daniel is a 
 mixture of history, and prophecy ; in the first six chapters 
 is recorded a variety of events which occurred in the 
 
 606. Mention some of his prophecies. 607. Who was 
 Daniel ? Of what tribe was he ? And when did he 
 prophesy? What other name was given to him ? 608. 
 \Yhat was his condition in Babylon? 609. Give a short 
 account of the contents of the Book of Daniel ?
 
 1 64 danijel. 
 
 reigns of Nebuchadnezzar. BelsTiazzar^ and Darius, 
 (already related) ; and in the last six Cliapters is a series 
 of prophecies, revealed at different times, and extending 
 from the days of Daniel to the general resurrection. 
 
 610. His prosperity. — Daniel met with great 
 favour and kindness from Nebuchadnezzar; and on 
 his discovering and interpreting that king's dreams, 
 (b. c. G03-1.), he was rewarded with the government of 
 the province of Babylon. {Dan. iii.). A few years after 
 he was again called upon to interpret another dream of 
 Nebuchadnezzar's, which was fulfilled in the following 
 year, 569—503. b. C. {Dan. iv,). 
 
 Gil, His visions. — Subsequently, in the first year 
 of the reign of Belshazzar (b. C. 555.), Daniel had a vision, 
 in which he saw among other things, a lion with eagles' 
 wings (Babylon), which were plucked, and the Lion made 
 to stand upon the feet as a man, and to possess a man's 
 heart: (its power restrained by Cyrus and Darius, and 
 Cyaxares).— The 2nd was a Bear (Persia) with three ribs 
 between its teeth (Babylon, Lydia and Egypt). — The 3rc2 
 was a Leopard with four wings of a fowl, and four heads 
 (Alexander the great, and his four successors). — The Uh 
 with a dreadful Beast, with iron teeth (Roman Empire), 
 and ten horns (separated into ten kingdoms), and a little 
 horn in the midst (Papal Rome), thrones cast down 'and 
 ' the Ancient of Days did sit ' upon a throne of fire, 
 and 'the judgment was set, and the Books were opened. 
 Then one like the Son of Man came with everlasting 
 power and dominion, and a kingdom imperishable and to 
 endure for ever, and which should be the inheritance of 
 the saints. {Dan. vii.). In the 3rd year of the reign of 
 Belshazzae, Daniel, had a second Vision of a similar 
 import. 
 
 C12. Belshazzar's Feast. — Daniel was next called 
 upon to interpret the handwriting upon the wall — Mcne, 
 Mene, TeJcel, UpJiarsin — which appeared during the im- 
 pious feast of Belshazzar (b. c. 538.). The prophet an- 
 nounced it to imply the death of the monarch, and the 
 destruction of the kingdom : and on that night Babylon 
 was taken, and Belshazzar slain: and the kingdom 
 transferred by the victory of Cyrus to Darius the Mode. 
 {Dan. v.). 
 
 610. How was Daniel treated by Nebuchadnezzar? 
 611. Describe his visions. 612. What occurred at Bel- 
 shazzar's Feast ?
 
 DANIEL. l^S 
 
 613. Daniel in the Lion's Den. — Darius so exalted 
 Daniel on account of his integrity as to excite the jealousy 
 of the court; these induced the King, in order to ensnare 
 Daniel, to command that no man should ask any petition 
 of God, or man, for thirty days, except of the King him- 
 eelf, under penalty of being cast into the lion's den. 
 Daniel prayed to God as usual, 'kneeling upon his knees 
 three times a day,' and was therefore found guilty of 
 transgressing the decree, upon which he was cast into 
 the den. 
 
 614. This was contrary to the wdsh of the 
 monarch, who held him in the highest esteem. Here 
 however he was miraculously preserved ; and the King 
 immediately ordered the enemies of Daniel to be thrown 
 to the lions, who devoured them immediately. {Dan. vi.) 
 B.C. 538. Darius shortly after died, and left his vast 
 kingdom to his nephew Cteus. 
 
 615. Daniel's prophecies. — After the prophecies 
 concerning the fall of the Assyrian, Persian, Grecian, and 
 Roman Empires ; — Daniel predicted the future restora- 
 tion of the Jews; and the exact time of the coming, and 
 death of the Messiah ; which were revealed to him by the 
 Angel Gabriel. ' Prom the going forth of the command- 
 * ment to restore and to build Jerusalem unto the Messiah 
 *the Prince shall be seven weeks, and three score, and 
 
 'two weeks: And after three score and two weeks 
 
 'shall the Messiah be cut oS.'—iDan. ix. 25, 26.). 
 
 616. Daniel's last vision. — The prophet had an- 
 other vision (cir. 534. B. c), in which were revealed among 
 other things, the troubles of the Christian Church ; the 
 resurrection of the dead ; the restoration of the Jews ; 
 the destruction of Antichrist ; the Millenium ; eternal 
 life; and everlasting punishment. {Dan. xi. xii.). 
 
 617. His writings. — Daniel is thought to have 
 died in Chaldea: and besides his prophecy, to have 
 written ' The History of Susanna,' and ' Bel and the 
 Dragon,' found in the Apocrypha; but there is some 
 question respecting their authenticity. 
 
 613. Why was Daniel cast into the lion's den ? And 
 by whose order ? 614. And what was the consequence? 
 615. Mention some of the prophecies of Daniel. What 
 was his prophecy in respect of the Messiah ? 616. What 
 was Daniel's last vision ? 617. Where did Daniel die ? 
 Are any of the writings of the prophets during the 
 Babylonish Captivity extant ?
 
 l66 MOSEA. JOEL. 
 
 €h Mmox f ropljrfs. 
 
 618. The writings of the twelve Minor Prophets, 
 who are so called not from any supposed inferiority in 
 their writings, but in reference to the brevity of tlieir 
 works, provide us with many particulars relative to the 
 histories of Judah, and Israel, and other kingdoms ; and 
 predict also the fate of Babylon, Nineveh, Tyre, Sidon, 
 and Damascus; they describe hkewise the advent and 
 character of the Messiah. 
 
 HOSEA. 
 
 From 8 10. b. c. to 725. B. C. 
 
 619. Hosea was the son of Been, and of the tribe 
 of Judah ; he prophesied against Israel for about 60 
 years, during the reigns of Jeroboam II. and his succes- 
 sors to the sixth year of king EosJiea, above 800. B.C. 
 He resided in Samaria, and was the first that predicted 
 the destruction of his country. 
 
 620. His prophecies. — Hosea chiefly prophesied 
 the sufferings of Israel, on account of their idolatry ; the 
 punishment of Judah; the congregation of the Gentile 
 converts ; the future restoration of the Jews ; the calling 
 of our Saviour out of Egypt; His resurrection on the 
 third day ; and the terrors of the last judgment. 
 
 JOEL. 
 From 810. B.C. to 660. B.C. or later. 
 
 621. Joel. — The time when Joel prophesied is 
 uncertain, but he is thought to have lived in the reigns 
 of Uzziah king of Judah, and Jeroboam II. king of 
 Israel, 8U0. B.C.; ho was the son of Pelhuel, or Bethuel, 
 and of the tribe of lleubeu. 
 
 GIB. How many Minor Prophets were there? Why 
 are tlioy so styled ? AVith what particulars do they 
 furnish us? Ol'j. Who was Ilosea? and when did ho 
 prophesy ? G20. Mention the chief prophecies of Hosea, 
 621. Who was Joel, and when did ho prophesy ?
 
 AMOS. OBADIAR. JONAH. 1^7 
 
 622. His prophecies. — Joel predicted the Chal- 
 dsean invasion ; the fall of Jerusalem ; and the coming 
 of the day of the Lord. 
 
 AMOS. 
 
 From 8io. b. C to 785. B.C. 
 
 623. Amos was a herdsman, aiid gatherer of 
 sycamore fruit, and a native of Tekoah, in Judah, near 
 Jerusalem; he prophesied about the time of Uzziah of 
 Judah, and Jeroboam II. of Israel, 800. B.C.; the object 
 of his Prophecy seems to have been to rouse the Israelites 
 from their idolatry, avarice, and impiety. 
 
 624. His prophecies. — The chief of Amos's pro- 
 phecies were against the neighbouring Gentile nations, 
 in order to show to Judah, and Israel that all fortunes 
 and states depended upon the will of God alone. He 
 foretold particularly the misfortunes of Israel, and their 
 captivity, (vii. 17.) 
 
 OBADIAH. 
 
 From 588. B. c. to 583. B.C. 
 
 625. Obadiah is supposed to have prophesied 
 B15". B. c, a little after the destruction of Jerusalem by 
 Nebuchadnezzar; he denounced dreadful judgments on 
 the Edomites in punishment for their cruel insultings 
 over the Jews after the destruction of their city. He 
 predicted also the restoration of the Jews. 
 
 JONAH. 
 
 From 856. B. c. to 784. b. C. 
 
 626. The prophet Jonah was the son of Amittai, 
 of Gath-hepher (Jotapata) in Galilee, and of the tribe 
 of Zebulun, and is supposed to have prophesied 810. b. c. 
 The object of this Book is to show, as in the case of the 
 
 622. What are the chief prophecies of Joel ? 623. 
 Who was Amos ? What was the object of the prophecies 
 of Amos ? 624. Mention the chief prophecies of Amos ? 
 
 625. When did Obadiah prophesy, and on what occasion ? 
 
 626. Who was Jonah ? About what time B. c. did he 
 live, and prophesy ?
 
 1 68 
 
 JONAE. 
 
 Ifinevites, God's forbearance and long-suflfering towards 
 sinners, who are spared on their sincere repentance. 
 
 627. Nineveh. — Jonah was sent by God to 
 Nineveh, to pronounce destruction against that city for 
 its wickedness; but being afraid to encounter the task, he 
 fled to Tarshish : in his journey a storm arose, and the 
 terrified sailors casting lots to discover the cause of their 
 danger, the lot fell to Jonah, whom they threw over- 
 board, when he was immediately swallowed by a large 
 fish ; he continued in the bowels of the fish three days 
 and three nights, and there repenting of his weakness, he 
 prayed to God, and he was again cast forth on dry land. 
 \jonah ii.) 
 
 628. He was sent a second time to Nineveh ; 
 and he announced their destruction within forty days, 
 but they repented, and were saved for that time. Jonah, 
 fearing he should be called a false prophet, murmured 
 against God's forbearance; upon which the Almighty 
 caused a gourd to grow up in one night, to shelter Jonah 
 from the sun's rays ; yet to wither the following day, in 
 gentle reproof of the prophet's unjust complaint; — 
 Jonah would have spared the gourd, why should not God 
 therefore have spared Nineveh containing more than 
 'six-score thousand persons ? ' Jonah iv. 
 
 629. Type. — JonaWs preservation in the belly of 
 the fish is considered typical of Christ ; he was swallowed 
 up by a great fish, as our Saviour was admitted into the 
 jaws of death, and for a similar space of time. 'An evil 
 ' and adulterous generation seeketh after a sign : and 
 
 * there shall no sign be given to it, but the sign of the 
 
 * prophet Jonas : for as Jonas was three days and three 
 'nights in the whale's belly; so shall the Son of man be 
 
 * three days and three nights in the heart of the earth. 
 *The men of Nineveh shall rise in judgment with this 
 'generation, and shall condemn it : because they repented 
 •at the preaching of Jonas : and, behold, a greater than 
 
 * Jonas is here.' Matt. xii. 39—41 ; xvi. 4; Luke xi. 29—32. 
 
 627. To whom was ho sent to preach? What was 
 the result of his preaching ? Give a brief account of his 
 life, and the writing that bears his name. 628. What 
 was his reproof from God ? 629. Of what is Jonah's 
 preservation in the bolly of the fish typical? What is 
 said of Jonah in the New Testament ?
 
 MICAU. NAEUM. EABAKKUK, 1^9 
 
 MICAH. 
 From 758. B. c. to 699. B. c. 
 
 630. The prophet Micah was born at Morastlii, 
 in the southern part of Judsea; he flourished about 
 750. B. c. ; and speaks only of the kings of Judah ; he 
 prophesied in the days of Jothara, Ahaz, and Hezekiah. 
 
 631. His prophecies. — His chief predictions are 
 the sufFering>: of Israel and Judah; and the birth of the 
 Everlasting Ruler at Bethlehem-Ephratah ; — 'but thou 
 
 * Bethleheni-Ephratah, though thou be little among the 
 'thousands of Judah, yet out of thee shall he come forth 
 *unto me, that is to be ruler in Israel : whose goings forth 
 
 * have been from of old, from everlasting.' {ch. v. 2.) Also 
 the exaltation of Christ's kingdom over all nations ; the 
 influence of the Gospel ; and. the destruction of Jeru- 
 salem. 
 
 NAHUM. 
 
 From 720. B. c. to 698. b. C. 
 
 632. The prophet Nahum was bom at Elkosha, 
 in Galilee, and was of the tribe of Simeon : he flourished 
 probably about 715. B. c, and his prophecies relate solely 
 to the fall of Sennacherib, and destruction of Nineveh by 
 the Babylonians and Medes. 
 
 HABAKKUK. 
 
 From 612. B. C. to 598. B. c. 
 
 633. The prophet Habakkuk, is supposed to have 
 flourished about 605. B. c, and to have been alive at the 
 final destruction of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar: he 
 died in Judsea. 
 
 634. His prophecies. — This prophet predicts the 
 destruction of Jerusalem, and the captivity of the Jews 
 by the Babylonians, and their deliverance. The promise 
 of the Messiah is also distinctly confirmed. 
 
 630. When did Micah prophecy? 631. Mention 
 the chief of his predictions. In what words did Micah 
 predict the birth of Christ ? 632. When did Nahum 
 prophecy, and against whom ? 633. When did Habak- 
 kuk flourish? 634. What does he predict ? 
 
 p
 
 I/O ZEPEAmAE. EAGGAI. ZECEAHIAE. 
 ZEPHAJS^IAH. 
 
 From 640. B. C. to 609. B. C. 
 
 635. Zephaniah was the son of Cushi, and of the 
 tribe of Simeon ; he prophesied in the reigu of Joash, 
 king of Judah ; about G30. B. c. 
 
 636. His prophecies. — He denounced the judg- 
 ments of God against the Phihstines, and other nations ; 
 predicted by the Babylonian Captivity, in consequence of 
 the sins of Judah ; the restoration of the Jews ; and the 
 future glory of the Church. 
 
 HAGGAI. 
 
 From 520. B. C. to 518. B. C. or longer. 
 
 637. The prophet Haggai is supposed to have 
 been born during the Captivity, and to have returned 
 with Zerubhahel to Jerusalem : he flourished about 
 520. B, c, and began to prophesy about 15 years after 
 the foundation of the Temple was laid. 
 
 638. His prophecies. — This projDhet seems to 
 have been raised up by God to exhort Zerubbabel, and 
 the Jews to complete the building of the Temple, which 
 had been interrupted by the Samaritans. Ho also pre- 
 dicted that the glory of the Second Temple should exceed 
 that of the first; which prophecy was fulfilled when 
 Christ entered it. 
 
 ZECHARIAH. 
 
 From 520. B. c. to 518. b. c. or longer. 
 
 639. The prophet Zechariah was the son of 
 Berechiah, and grandson of Iddo ;* ho was born during 
 
 035. Who was Zephaniah, and when did he prophesy ? 
 636. What does he predict? G37. AVho was Haggai, 
 and when did he prophesy ? 038. What does he predict? 
 639. Who was Zechariah, and when did he prophesy ? 
 
 • Thora are four Zerhnriuhs mnntioned in Scripture, who must be tlistin- 
 Rulshcd one from another ;— 1. Zechariah k\na ol' Israel, the fourth descendant 
 from Jehu, and who was cut off by Slialliim. — 2, Zechariah, a prophet 
 murdered by Joash.— 3. Zechariah, the prophet who was raised up to en- 
 courajfe the .Tews to rebuild the Temple, and whose writinfjs form a portion 
 of our Scriptures: and 4. Zecharias, (the same at* Zechariah) tho father of 
 John tho Baptist. Luke i. Q.
 
 MAZACRI. 171 
 
 the Captivity, and returned with Zerubbabel, and the 
 rest of the Jews; he prophesied two months later than 
 Haggai, and flourished two years, 520. B. c. : in the second 
 year of Darius Hystaspes. 
 
 640. His prophecies. — The prophet exhorted the 
 Jews to rebuild the Temple; and predicted many par- 
 ticulars respecting our Saviour and His Kingdom, and 
 the future eondition of the Jews; he described their 
 bitter grief for having pierced the Messiah; their ad- 
 mission by baptism to the privileges of the Gospel 
 covenant ; the destruction of Jerusalem by the Eomans ; 
 and the final establishment of Christ's kingdom. 
 
 641. Respecting Christ. — Zechariah predicts re- 
 specting our Saviour three important particulars, — viz. 
 the entrance of Christ into Jerusalem riding on an ass, 
 (^Zech. ix. 9; Matt. xxi. 2—9.); the selling of our Lord, 
 and the fate of the money, (chap. xi. 12, 13 ; Matt. xxvi. 15 ; 
 xxvii. 3—10.), also the piercing of our blessed Lord's side. 
 {Chaj^. xii. 10; John xix. 34—37.). 
 
 MALACHI. 
 
 From 436. B. c. to 420. b. C. 
 
 642. Malachi was the last of the Prophets who 
 flourished before the Gospel Dispensation, 420. b. c. He 
 is thought to have been of the tribe of Zebulun, and a 
 native of Sapha, and prophesied during the governorship 
 of Nehemiah ; he closes Old Testament History about 420 
 years before the birth of Christ; at which period he died. 
 
 643. His prophecies. — Malaclii prophesied the 
 rejection of the Jews, and calling of the Gentiles (ch. i.) ; 
 the coming of Christ, and the ministry of His forerunner, 
 John the Baptist {Mai. iii. 1,) ; " Behold I will send my 
 "messenger, and he shall prepare the way before me: 
 " and the Lord, whom ye seeJc, shall suddenly come to his 
 " temple even the messenger of the covenant xohom ye delight 
 *'i7i: behold he shall come, saith the Lord of Hosts." 
 
 640. Mention his chief predictions. 641. THiat 
 predictions of Zechariah have especial reference to our 
 Saviour .5' 642. AVho was Malachi? 643. Mention 
 some of the predictions of Malachi: especially of (1) the 
 Christian Church, and of (2) John the Baptist, Whose 
 coming does Malachi foretell in the beginning of the 
 third chapter ?
 
 1/2 PEEDICTIONS 
 
 And again,—" Behold I will send you Elijah the prophet, 
 "before the coining of the great and dreadful day of the 
 " Lord :" {ch. iv. 5.)— John the Baptist, was " the Elias 
 "which was for to come;" {Matt, xi. 14; xvii. 11; Mark 
 ix. 11; Zukei. 17.). 
 
 Predictions of the Slessiali. 
 
 644. Throughout the Old Testament, the few- 
 passages following may be gathered as exhibiting 
 clear predictions of the Messiah : — 
 
 God said to the Serpent : " the seed of the woman 
 "shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel." 
 Gen. iii. 15. {fulfilled, GaLiwA\ 1 Johnii\.Q\ £eu. xii. 9; 
 Heb. ii. 14; Luke xxii. 53. 
 
 645. God tells Abraham — ''that in him, and in 
 " his seed shall shall all the nations of the earth be blessed." 
 Gen. xii. 3; xviii. 18; xxii. 18; Acts iii. 25. {Gal. iii. 8. 16; 
 
 Matt.i. 1.) and Isaac, Gen. xxi. 12; xxvi. 4; Heb. 
 
 xi. 18; and Jacob, Gen. xxviii. 14; Jacob says to 
 
 Judah— " The sceptre shall not depart from Judah, nor 
 " a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh come, 
 "and unto him shall the gathering of the people be." 
 Gen. xlix. 10. {John x. 36; viii. 42 ; xvii. 18. 21. 23.). 
 
 646. Balaam says: — "there shall come a star 
 "out of Jacob, and a sceptre shall rise out of Israel." 
 Numb, xxiv, 17. " Out of Ja(;ob shall come he that shall 
 "have dominion." (19.) {Rev. xxii. 16.) Matt. ii. 2; 
 Eph. i. 21 ; Col. i. 16. 
 
 647. Moses says — ''the Lord thy God shall raise 
 " up unto thee a prophet from the midst of thee, of thy 
 "brethren, like unto me; unto him ye shall hearken." 
 Beut. xviii. 15—18. {Acts vii. 37.) Heb. iii. 5, 6. 
 
 648. Job says : — "For I know that my Redeemer 
 "liveth, and that he shall stand at the latter day upon 
 " the earth." Job xix. 25—27. (1 Thess. iv. 16, 17 ; 1 Cor. 
 XV. 24-26; 2 Cor. v. 10; 1 Tim. iii. 16.). 
 
 Gil. Give the substance of a few passages from the 
 Old Testament, which contain clear predictions relating 
 to the Messiah. Mention the prophecies relating to our 
 Saviour in the Pentateuch. 645. What is foretold to 
 Abraham? 646. What does Balaam say? 617. What, 
 Moses? 648. What, Job?
 
 OF TEE MESSIAH. 173 
 
 649, God said to David — ** I will set np thy seed 
 *' after thee, which shall proceed out of thy bowels, and I 
 " will establish his kingdom. He shall build an house for 
 " my name, and I will establish the throne of his kingdom 
 "for ever." 2 Sain. vii. 12, 13. {Jlait. ll.). And "The 
 
 "Lord," &c Fs. cxxxii. 11. 17. {Acts ii. 30; Luke 
 
 i. 68—70.). 
 
 650. David says — "Sacrifices and offering thou 
 " didst not desire ; mine ears hast thou opened ; burnt- 
 " oflFering and sin-oflfering hast thou not required. Then 
 " said I, lo, I come ; in the volume of the book it is written 
 " of me; I dehght to do thy will, O my God ; yea, thy law 
 "is within my heart." Psal. xl. 6, 7, 8. {Seb. x. 5—7.). 
 " Yea, my own famihar friend, in whom I trusted, which 
 "did eat of my bread, hath lifted up his heel against 
 "me." Fsal. xli. 9. {Matt xxvi. 47; John xiii. 18.). 
 
 "The stone which the builders refused has become 
 "the head stone of the corner. Blessed be he that 
 " cometh in the name of the Lord." Fsal. cxviii. 22—26. 
 {Malt. xxi. 9. 42 ; i:ph. ii. 20 ; 1 Fet. ii. 7.). 
 
 Resurrection. " For thou wilt not leave my soul in 
 "hell: neither wilt thou suffer thine Holy One to see 
 "corruption." Fsal. xvi. 8. 10, 11. {Acts ii. 27. 31; xiii. 
 33—37; 1 Con XV. 44.). 
 
 " Thy seed will I establish for ever, and build up thy 
 "throne to all generations." Fsal. Ixxxix. 4. {Matt. i. 1.). 
 Exaltation. " The Lord said unto my Lord, sit thou 
 "at my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy 
 "footstool." Fsal. ex. 1. {Matt. xxii. 42—44; Mark^\ 
 Luke XX ; Acts ii. 34 ; Seh. v. 6 ; vii. 2, 3. 17.). 
 
 Sufferings, Fsal. xxii ; Ixix. 21. {Matt, xxvii. 43 ; 
 John xix. 29.). 
 
 Opposed. Fs. ii. 1, 2. {Acts iv. 25.). 
 
 Fraise. Fs. vui. 2. {Matt. xxi. 16.). 
 
 Ascen^on. Fs. Ixviii. 18. {Acts ii. 33 ; EpK iv. 8.), 
 
 Sis kingdom. Fs. xlv. 6, 7. {Heh. i. 8.). 
 
 His poioer. Fs. ii. 8. {Acts ii. 9 ; x. 35 ; xi. 18.). 
 
 Sis death. Fs. xxxi. .5. {Luke xxiii. 46.). 
 
 The Creator. Fs. cii. {Heh. i. 1, 2.). 
 
 "Yet I have set my king upon my holy hill of Zion. 
 " I will declare the decree : The Lord hath said unto me, 
 " thou art my son : this day have I begotten thee." Fsal. 
 ii. 6, 7. {Acts xiii. 33 ; Seh. i. 5. 8 ; v. 5 ; Rev. ii. 27.). 
 
 649. What does God say to David ? 650. What does 
 David foretell?
 
 174 PRJEDICTIONS 
 
 651. Isaiah says — ''Behold a virgin shall con- 
 " ceive and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel." 
 Isai. vii. 14. {Matt. i. 18. 20. 23.). 
 
 " The people that walked in darkness have seen a great 
 "light: they that dwell in the land of the shadow of 
 "death, upon them hath the light shined."— " Unto us 
 " a child is born, unto us a son is given." Isai. ix. 2. 6, 7. 
 {Matt. iv. 14—16; xxviii, 18 ; Luke i. 32 ; ii. 11.). 
 
 " And in that day there shall be a root of Jesse, which 
 " shall stand for an ensign of the people ; to it shall the 
 " Gentiles seek ; and his rest shall be glorious." Isai. 
 xi. 1, 2. 10. {Rom. ix. 33; xv. 12 ; 1 Pet. ii. 8 ; John i. 32 ; 
 iii. 34 ; Col. ii. 3 ; Acts iii. 22 ; Matt. iii. 16.). Isai. xxviii. 16. 
 (1 Pet.'\\.Q>\ Rom.ix. 33.). 
 
 " Then the eyes of the blind shall be opened, and the 
 " ears of the deaf shall be unstopped: then shall the lame 
 " man leap as an hart, and the tongue of the dumb sing.'* 
 Isai. XXXV. 5, 6. {Matt. xi. 5.) Isai. xxv. 8. (1 Cor. xv. 54.). 
 
 "The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness, 
 " prepare ye the way of the Lord, make straight in the 
 "desert, a highway for our God." Isai. xl. 3. {Matt. iii. 
 1, 2, 3 ; Luke iii. 4 ) Isai. xlii. 1, &o. {Matt. xii. 17—20.). 
 
 " He is despised and rejected of men ; a man of sorrows 
 " and acquainted with grief. But he was wounded for our 
 "transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities; the 
 " chastisement of our peace was upon him ; and with his 
 "stripes we are healed." Isai. 1. 6 ; liii. 5., and to the end 
 of the chapter {Matt. xxiv. xxvi. xxvii.) 
 
 " The Lord hath anointed me to preach good tidings 
 " unto the meek; he hath sent me to bind up the broken- 
 " hearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives ; and the 
 "opening of the prison to them that are bound; to pro- 
 " claim the acceptable year of the Lord." Isai. Ixi. 1, 2 ; 
 {Luke iv. 16. 18. 21, 22.) Isai. xl. 11. {Joh7i x. 11—14.). 
 
 652. Jeremiah says— "I will raise unto David a 
 " righteous branch, and a king shall reign and prosper, and 
 "shall execute judgment and justice in the earth. And 
 " this is his name whereby he shall be called, the Loed 
 "our eigiiteousness." Jer. xxiii. 5, 6. {Luke i. 32, 33; 
 1 Cor. i. 30.) Isai. xlix. 7. (^c^.yxiii.47.). 
 
 65.3. Ezekiel says — ' ' And will set up one shepherd 
 "over them, and he shall feed them, even my servant 
 " David." Ezek. xxxiv. 23; xxxvii. 24. {John\.4>\i\ x. 11. 16 ; 
 xix. 19. 21 ; Luke i. 32.). 
 
 6.51. What does Isaiah predict ? 652. What, Jere- 
 miah ? 653. What, Ezekiel ?
 
 OF TEE MESSIAH. 17 S 
 
 654. Daniel says — ^'I saw in the night visions, 
 "and behold one hke the Son of man came with the clouds 
 " of heaven, and came to the ancient of days, and 
 '• they brought him near before him. And his dominion 
 " is an everlasting dominion, which shall not pass away, 
 "and his kingdom that which shall not be destroyed." 
 Dan. vii. 13, 14. {Matt xxiv. 30; xxvi. 64; xxviii. 18.) 
 Isai. liii. 11, 12. {Phil. ii. 9; Rom. vui. 34.). 
 
 " Seventy weeTcs are determined upon thy people, and 
 " upon thy holy city, to finish the transgression, and to 
 "make an end of sins, and to make reconciliation for 
 " iniquity, and to bring in everlasting righteousness, and 
 " to seal up the vision and prophecy, and to anoint the 
 " most holy." Ban. ix. 24. {Reh. ix. 12. 26 ; John i. 41.) 
 Isai. viii. 14. 
 
 655. Hosea says — ''Wlien Israel was a child 
 "then I loved him, and called my son out of Egypt.'* 
 Sos. xi. 1 ; {Matt. ii. 15. 19, 20.) Jer. xxxi. 15. {Matt. ii. 16 
 —18.) {Rom. ix. 25, 26.) Kos xiii. 14. (1 Cor. xv. 55.). 
 
 656. Micah says — " But thou Bethlehem-Ephra- 
 " tab, though thou be little among the thousands of Judah, 
 "yet out of thee shall he come forth unto me that is 
 "to be ruler in Israel; whose goings forth have been 
 "from of old, from everlasting." Mic. v. 2. {Matt. ii. 1. 6; 
 Lulce ii. 4, 5.) Joel ii. 28, 29. {Acts ii. 16—18.) Amos ix. 11. 
 {Acts XV. 16.) Rag. ii. 7—9. 
 
 657. Zechariah says — ''Behold the man whose 
 " name is the Branch ; and he shall grow up out of his 
 ".place, and he shall build the temple of the Lord." 
 Zech. vi. 12. {Lulce i. 78, 79.). 
 
 "Bejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion; shout, O 
 " daughter of Jerusalem. Behold, thy king cometh unto 
 " thee; he is just, and having salvation ; lowly and riding 
 " upon an ass, and upon a colt the foal of an ass." Zech. 
 ix. 9. {Matt. xxi. 5 ; John xii. 15, 16.) 
 
 "So they weighed for my price 30 pieces of silver; 
 "and the Lord said unto me, cast it unto the potter; 
 "a goodly price that I was prized at of them." Zech. 
 xi. 12, 13. {Matt. xxvi. 15; xxvii. 9, 10.). 
 
 654. What does Daniel predict? 655. What, Hosea? 
 666. What, Micah? 657. What, Zechariah?
 
 1/6 pujebictions of tee me s si Am 
 
 "And they shall look upon me whom they have 
 "pierced, and they shall mourn for him, as one mourneth 
 " for his only son." Zech. xii. 10. {John xix. 34. 37 ; Acts 
 ii. 23.). 
 
 658. Malachi says — ''Behold I will send my 
 " messenger, and he shall prepare the way before me, and 
 "the Lord whom ye seek shall suddenly come to his 
 " temple, even the messenger of the covenant." Mai. iii. 1. 
 (Matt. xi. 10; iii. 1. 3 ; Mark i. 3 ; Luke iii. 4.) Zech. xiii. 7. 
 (Matt xxvi. 31. 56.) Mai iv. 5, 6. {Luke i. 17.)- 
 
 G59. Types. — The following are a few of the 
 persons and things typical of events connected with the 
 Messiah ; Adam, Noah, Abraham, Isaac, Melchizedek, 
 Jacob, Joseph, Moses, Aaron, Joshua, David, Solomon, 
 Zerubbabel, &c. 
 
 660. Likewise, — Noah's Ark, the Manna, the 
 Rock in Horeb, the Brazen Serpent, the Passover, the 
 Paschal -Lamb, Circumcision, the Ark of the Covenant, 
 the Golden Candlestick, the Tabernacle, the Mercy-seat, 
 the Temple, &o. 
 
 658. What does Malachi predict? 659. Mention a 
 few of the persons and things in the Old Testament, 
 which are typical of events connected with the Messiah? 
 660. Mention a few of the things which are typical? 
 
 I
 
 CHEONOLOGICAL TABLE* 
 
 CHIEF EVENTS IN SCEIPTURE HISTORY. 
 
 •»• To get the date a.m. subtract the known date b.c. from the year of the 
 Creation 4004. B.C.: and conversely: to get the date b.c. subtract the 
 known date a.m. from 4004. b.c, which will give the date required. 
 
 The Creation, 4004 
 
 Abel died, aged 128 years, 3876 
 
 Adam died, aged 930 years, 3074 
 
 Enoch translated to heaven, aged 365 years 3017 
 
 Seth died, aged 912 years, 2962 
 
 Noah born, 2948 
 
 Enos died, aged 905 years, 2864 
 
 Cainan died, aged 910 years, 2769 
 
 Laraech died, aged 777 years, ... 2353 
 
 Methuseleh died, aged 969 years, 2349 
 
 The Deluge, 2348 
 
 The Confusion of Tongues, 2234 
 
 Noah died, aged 950, (350 after the Elood,) 1998 
 
 Abram born, 1996 
 
 Call of Abram, 1921 
 
 Ishmael born, 1910 
 
 Sodom and Gomorrah destroyed, 1897 
 
 • There is much difficulty in settling the Clironology of Scripture events: 
 especiaUy during the period of the Judges, and the Kings of Israel, and Judah. 
 Doubts exist respecting the beginning, and ending of some of the Reigns, 
 owing chiefly to the circumstance of the succeeding Kings being frequently 
 associated in the kingdom before the death of their predecessors: and in 
 referring to existing authorities very few are found to agree. 
 
 The above "Table" is abridged from Abp. V»her, and Calmet; whera 
 Calmet differs is pointed out.
 
 178 CESONOLOGT. 
 
 B.C. 
 
 Isaac born (Calmet so^js 1SS9) 1896 
 
 Isaac offered by Abraham, 1871 
 
 Isaac married Eebekah, ( Calmet says 1856) 1858 
 
 Esau and Jacob born, 1836 
 
 Abraham died, aged 175, {Calmet says 1821) 1818 
 
 Jacob went to Padan-aram, 1759 
 
 Joseph born, 1745 
 
 Jacob prevailed with God, and called Iseael, 1739 
 
 Joseph sold by his brethren, 1728 
 
 Isaac died, aged 180, 1716 
 
 Joseph interpreted Pharaoh's dream, 1715 
 
 Jacob sent his sons to buy corn, in 1707, and 1706 
 
 Jacob went to Egypt, 1706 
 
 Jacob died, aged 147, ( Ca^we^ says 1699) 1689 
 
 Joseph died, aged 110, , 1635 
 
 Aaron born, 1574 
 
 Moses born, 1571 
 
 Moses fled to Midian, 1531 
 
 The Exodus of the Israelites from Egypt, 1491 
 
 Tabernacle erected in the Wilderness, 1490 
 
 Aaron, died, aged 123, {Calmet says 1452) 1451 
 
 Moses died, aged 120, 1451 
 
 The passage of the Jordan under Joshua 1451 
 
 Canaan divided among the Tribes by Joshua, 1445 
 
 Joshua died, aged 110, 1443 
 
 Israelites enslaved by Cushan, 1413 
 
 Othniel, the first Judge, 1405 
 
 Eli, High-Priest and Judge, died, 1116 
 
 Samuel last Judge, 1116 
 
 Saul anointed first king, (some say 1259) 1095 
 
 David succeeded as king, (some say 1219) 1055 
 
 Solomon succeeded David, (some say 1179) 1015 
 
 The Temple built, 1004 
 
 The Temple dedicated, 1003 
 
 llchoboam succeeded, and revolt of the Ten Tribes, 
 
 (971 or) 975 
 
 Jonah prophesied about, 840 
 
 Amos and llosca prophesied about, 800 
 
 Micah prophesied about, 750 
 
 Israelites taken captive by Arbaces, 740 
 
 Israelites taken captive by Shalmaneser, 721 
 
 Nahum prophesied, 715 
 
 Isaiah prophesied, about, 698 
 
 Jeremiah, and Zephaniah prophesied, 620 
 
 Nobuchadnczzar took Jerusalem in the reign of 
 Jehoiakim, (from which some date the 
 
 beginning of the Captivity,) 606
 
 CERONOLOQY, 179 
 
 B.C. 
 
 Habakkuk prophesied, 605 
 
 Daniel interpreted Nebuchadnezzar's first dream ... 603 
 Nebuchadnezzar besieged Jerusalem in the reign of 
 
 Jehoiachin, or Jeconias, 598 
 
 Jerusalem and the Temple taken, and burnt to the 
 
 f round, and the people sent captive to 
 
 labylon, 588 
 
 Cyrus's decree, and Jews return from Captivity, 536 
 
 The Second Temple begun, 535 
 
 The Second Temple finished, 515 
 
 Ezra, governor of the Jews, 467 
 
 Nehemiah succeeded as governor, 446 
 
 Malachi prophesied about, 420 
 
 Old Testament History ends, 420 
 
 Alexander the Great proceeded against Jerusalem, 332 
 
 Alexander died, 323 
 
 The Septuagint Translation made, 285 
 
 Antiochus Epiphanes plundered Jerusalem and the 
 
 Temple, 170 
 
 Mattathias excited a revolt, 167 
 
 Judas Maccabseus succeeded, 166 
 
 Feast of Dedication instituted, 165 
 
 Jonathan Maccabseus succeeded, 153 
 
 The history of the Apocrypha ends, 135 
 
 Samaritan Temple on Mount Gerizim destroyed by 
 
 Hyrcanus, 129 
 
 Aristobulus succeeded Hjrrcanus, and assumed the 
 
 title of King, 107 
 
 Judaea subjected to the Romans by Pompey, 63 
 
 Crassus plundered the Temple, 54 
 
 Antigonus revolted against his uncle Hyrcanus, 41 
 
 Herod went to Rome for aid, 40 
 
 Herod returned, and put to death Antigonus, and 
 
 reigned as king, 37 
 
 Herod rebuilt the Temple at Jerusalem, 17 
 
 Jesus Cheist born, 4 
 
 Herod died, A. D. 2 
 
 Herod Archelaas deposed, 6 
 
 Cheist, 12 years of age, disputed with the doctors, 9 
 
 Caiaphas, high priest, 14 
 
 John the Baptist began his ministry, 29 
 
 John the Baptist beheaded, 33 
 
 Jesus Cheist, crMci^ec?, 33 
 
 Ananias, and Sapphira struck dead, 33 
 
 Saul of Tarsus converted, 31
 
 I8# CERONOLO&T. 
 
 A.D. 
 
 St Matthew wrote his Gospel, 38 
 
 Agrippa, grandson of Herod, king, 38 
 
 St James put to death, and Peter imprisoned by 
 
 Herod Agrippa, 43 
 
 Herod Agrippa died. ( Acts x\\. 2'i.) 44 
 
 St Paul pleaded before Felix, 59 
 
 St Paul pleaded before Feslus, and before Agrippa, 60 
 
 St Paul sent in bonds to Rome, 62 
 
 St Mark wrote his Gospel, 63 
 
 St Luke wrote his Gospel, and the Acts of the 
 
 Apostles, 63 
 
 History contained in the Acts ends, 63 
 
 St Peter, and St Paul martyred, 66 
 
 Jews revolted under Plorus, and war began under 
 
 Vespasian 67 
 
 Titus destroyed Jerusalem and the Temple, S9ld 
 
 Judsea, and put an end to the Jewish 
 
 nation, 70 
 
 St John wrote his Gospel, and the Eevelation, 97 
 
 St John died, 100 
 
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 Eev. B. W. Beatson, M.A., Fellow of Pembroke 
 College, Cambridge. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. Hmp. 2/- 
 
 A Short Basy Guide to Cambridg'e, 
 
 arranged as a AYalk through the Univeesity 
 and Town, with an ILLUSTRATED MAP. 1/- 
 
 TJie above may he had likewise of "VVhittaker & Ob.. 
 SiMPKiN & Mahshall, or Bell & Dale^ 
 London,
 
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 CTambritige. 
 
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