East Technical High School CLEVELAND, OHIO CATALOGUE THE EAST TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL PRESS CLEVELAND, OHIO 1916 East Technical High School CLEVELAND. OHIO CATALOGUE THE EAST TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL PRESS CLEVELAND, OHIO 1916 TABLE OF CONTENTS DIRECTORY Page V GENERAL INFORMATION 1 Historical statement, equipment, aims, methods and courses of study. ACADEMIC DEPARTMENTS 10 English, German, History, Geography, Physiology, Botany, Mathematics, Chemistry and Physics. TECHNICAL DEPARTMENTS FOR BOYS 21 Drawing, Cabinet Making, Pattern Making, Forge Shop, Sheet Metal Work, Machine Shop, Shop Mathe- matics, Electrical Construction, Printing, Agriculture. TECHNICAL DEPARTMENTS FOR GIRLS 33 Foods and Household Management, Vocational Cooking, Sewing, Millinery. ART DEPARTMENT 39 Applied Art, Costume Design, Arts and Crafts. PHYSICAL EDUCATION 42 VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE AND EMPLOYMENT DEPARTMENT 44 ORGANIZATONS 44 NIGHT SCHOOL 45 INDEX .47 2O65686 THE BOARD OF EDUCATION ORGANIZATION FOR JANUARY, 1916 Members Edward Bushnell Virginia D. Green Emma M. Perkins Bertram D. Quarrie F. W. Steffen Mark L. Thomsen E. M. Williams Officers Edward Bushnell, President J. M. H. Frederick, Superintendent of Schools Edward L. Harris, District Superintendent Frank G. Hogen, Director of Schools Address all communications in regard to East Technical High School to James F. Barker. Principal, Cleveland, O. East L ecnnical ilign ocnool GENERAL INFORMATION HISTORICAL STATEMENT The Cleveland East Technical High School was built as a result of a survey by a commission appointed by the Cleveland Board of Education, February 29, 1905. The findings of the Educational Commission were embodied in a series of reports submitted to the Board of Education during the years 1905 and 1906. On September 26, 1905, the following resolution was adopted : "That the Educational Committee of this Board be hereby instructed to investigate the advisability of establishing a Manual Training High School in this city and that it be empowered to extend its investigation to other cities as it may deem wise and that the expense of such investigation be and is hereby authorized by this Board." On Monday, March 5, 1906, the Board of Education unan- imously adopted a resolution authorizing the issue of bonds for $350,000 for the purpose of erecting a Manual Training High School. A marked change as to what should be the policy of the school subsequently led to a change from the name as above proposed to the present one, The East Technical High School of Cleveland. The selection of a site was definitely agreed upon Aug. 13, 1906. Its location on East 55th Street at the corner of Scovill Avenue places the school within easy access from all parts of the city. It may be reached by the East 55th Street car line from the South Side direct and from the East and West Sides by transfer from the various lines. The Scovill Avenue line connects directly with the business district. The neighborhood is ideal for such a school, being on the edge of a great manufacturing district and yet not actually within the smoke and grime of such localities. Active operation was begun on the building Aug. 30, 1907. The building was opened for the enrollment of pupils and the organization of classes promptly on the date of the beginning of the Fall Quarter, Oct. 5, 1908. One week later, Oct. 12, 2 GENERAL INFORMATION regular class work began in all departments with an attendance of over seven hundred pupils. Within three years the enroll- ment had increased to 1,500, requiring an additional school of similar nature west of the river. The total enrollment for this \ cur is over 2,300. BUILDING AND EQUIPMENT The style of the building is English Gothic and in its harmoni- ous proportions and adaptation to its purpose it reflects great credit upon its designer, Architect F. S. Barnum. The dark reddish brown superstructure with terra cotta trimming upon a heavy stone water table gives an effect of strength and massive- ness well calculated to offset the unusual amount of wall space sacrificed to ample lighting ; while the imposing eastern facade is divided by the projections of the end wings and of the central pavilion into a most pleasing symmetry of line and color. The plan of the building is like the letter "E" in form, there being three wings abutting Irom the west upon the main por- tion which extends north-and-south between Scovill and Port- land Avenues, fronting on East 55th Street. The main entrance is approached on East 55th Street by a flight of granite steps. There are two other entrances on Portland and Scovill Ave- nues, respectively. Upon entering the building from the front one finds at the right a study for men teachers and at the left the offices of administration. Directly opposite across the main corridor which connects the north and south wings, is the spacious auditorium with a seating capacity, including the balcony, of thirteen hundred. Flights of stairs to the right and left of the auditorium entrances lead down into the basement. Here the central space is occupied by the ventilating apparatus. The lecture rooms and laboratories for physics and chemistry are at each end. In the north wing the entire area is devoted to a lunch room, with the necessary kitchen and serving rooms. Directly under the auditorium are the gymnasium, encircled by its elevated cork running track, the showers and locker rooms. The entire south wing of this as well as of the first floor is occupied by the shops. The pottery department is well equipped with potter's wheels, lathes for turning models, a slip house and glaze room set, kilns, etc. Adjacent to this is the forge shop with provisions for a blacksmith class of thirty-six. The forges have down draft and the entire equipment is thoroughly modern. The next room is the machine shop with heavy equipment suitable for EAST '1T.CHX1CAL MKiH SCHOOL 3 the very best of trade instruction. At the end of the corridor is a foundry with a cupola for the melting of iron, a brass furnace, suitable core ovens, etc. At the extreme rear of the building the heating and power plant is installed. This furnishes heat, electric light and power, and lias a capacity of over four hundred horse- power. On the first and second floors, the main part of the building and the Scovill Avenue wing are occupied by recitation rooms. Three large rooms at the Portland and Scovill Avenue corners, with a seating capacity of one hundred and fifty, are reserved as study halls. In the Portland Avenue wing are seven wood- working rooms, including joinery, turning, cabinet making and pattern-making shops. At the end of the wing corridor is a room for re-sawing and storing. In addition to the usual hand tools in these rooms, suitable woodworking machinery has been installed to meet the requirements of modern methods of manu- facture. Opposite the entrance to this corridor is a drafting room for the preparation of designs for shop problems. This is easily accessible to all pupils in the woodworking department. There is also a room for varnishing and finishing woodwork. On the second floor are additional recitation rooms, the school library and mechanical drawing rooms. On the third floor the Scovill Avenue wing is entirely devoted to the girls' departments. Here are located the kitchen for instruction in cookery, the dining room for lessons in table service, and the laundry. Rooms for instruction in plain sewing, dressmaking and millinery are situated in the corner of the building. Additional mechanical and freehand drawing, applied art and recitation rooms occupy the remaining floor space. A rest room is also provided for girls and \vomen teachers. The fourth floor is occupied by additional rooms of the depart- ment of applied arts and by the printing shop. Across the street from the main building stands a two-story annex providing complete facilities for 250 girls. Instead of cloak rooms, individual steel lockers are built into the walls of the corridors on each floor, each locker being separately ventilated by the vacuum system. Each student *s assigned one of these lockers, also a shop and a gymnasium locker, and is provided with an individual key to each. LIBRARY This was organized as a branch of the Cleveland Public Library in 1909 for the purpose of supplying books and other 4 ( ;KX KRAL ix FORMATK >x material of a technical nature for school use rather than to serve as a library for the general public. There are about 3,600 books in the library, one half furnished by the Public Library, the other half being supplied by the Board of Education. The Board of Education also furnishes the room, heat, light, equipment and janitor service. In addition, it supplies all of the magazines, reference books and supplementary reading sets. The Public Library furnishes and pays for the services of a library staff and provides all circulating books and clerical sup- plies, besides loaning about 2,000 books each year for temporary use. The library is open to teachers and pupils of the school during week days from 7 : 30 A. M. to 4: 00 P. M. AIMS AND METHODS The Cleveland East Technical High School has two immediate ends in view : ( 1 ) To prepare youth of both sexes for a definite vocation and for efficient industrial citizenship; (2) to help men and women already engaged in a vocation to better their condition by increasing their technical skill. To such as may desire to pursue their studies still further it also offers the opportunity to prepare for entrance to technical schools of college rank. Such students at the close of the second year consult the Principal in the arrangement of their courses for the particular school for which they are preparing. A proper function of this school is the extending of an oppor- tunity for specialization down into the period of secondary education. This specialization of the secondary school is no untried experiment in the older industrial communities. It is, in fact, an inevitable result of the constant tendency to higher specialization which marks all growth and progress. It finds its economical justification in the bringing of greater industrial efficiency within reach of the ninety six per cent of our popula tion who never find beyond the high school an opportunity to fit themselves for a specific place and service in our increasingly complex civilization. The East Technical High School is in fact but one part of a well defined plan of the Board of Education to provide for the vocational needs of different classes of pupils in the city. SEGREGATION In most classes the nature of the studies and the purpose in EAST TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL 5 view are so different as to demand a separation of the boys from the girls. There is, therefore, organized within the one building a boys' school and a girls' school. TERRITORY The school is open to students living in that part of the city east of the Cuyahoga River. The long distances from which many students come and the length of the daily session have made it necessary to provide a lunch room where a warm noon meal may be enjoyed. This service is conducted as nearly as possible on a no-profit basis. Ten cents will obtain a substan- tial lunch. Pupils may also bring all or part of their luncheon from home if they so prefer. DAILY SESSION ( hving to the crowded condition of the school, the pupils are divided into two groups with different hours of attendance. The first group has a nine-period day from 8:00 to 3:15; the second from 8 : 45 to 4 : 00. The schedule of technical and laboratory work is arranged in double periods. Ordinarily each student is expected to carry three academic and two technical or laboratory subjects. SCHOOL YEAR The school is in session the year round. The year is divided into two semesters of nineteen weeks each, and a summer session of nine weeks. By thus eliminating the long summer vacation a saving of an entire year in the usual high school course is made possible to those who desire it. This is of great advantage to the student who for any reason may wish to secure a maximum of education in a minimum of time. Those who do not wish to avail themselves of this advantage or whose physical condition does not permit of the strain of continuous study, still have the opportunity of devoting four full years to their high school course. The plan of a continuous session broken up into short terms is also of advantage to the student who from any cause fails in some part of his work, since by these frequent opportunities for re adjustment he is given a chance to "catch step" again and go on with his work in a new class with comparatively little loss of time. PURPOSE OF THE SCHOOL The school is not primarily a college preparatory school. Pupils wishing to carry their technical education further are not 6 GENERAL INFORMATION limited in their outlook when they enter this school. Therefore the course has been so arranged that a differentiation may take place at the end of the second year and the pupils intending to enter a technical college can secure the proper preparation. Thus far graduates from this school have been accepted upon certificate at Case School of Applied Science, Columbia University, Purdue University, Ohio State University, Carnegie Technical Schools, University of Michigan, College for Women of Western Reserve University and several other institutions having technical courses. The preparation of girls for normal work in Domestic Science and Art, such as is offered at the College for Women, is usually well adapted to the requirements of the courses of these institu- tions. The school does not prepare for courses in classical or literary colleges. GENERAL STATEMENT OF THE COURSE The aim of this school is to give the pupils a good, general education, with emphasis upon the study of sciences, at the same time that they are acquiring technical training. Courses are so arranged that the pupil has the greatest possible earning power, no matter when he finds it necessary to leave school. An inspection of the course of study shows that, in addition to the technical subjects required for graduation, boys recite daily for three years in English, three years in mathematics, three years in science and one year in American history and civics. Girls recite daily for three years in English, two years in mathematics, three years in science and two years in history. During the first and second years, in addition to the academic studies, four forty- five minute periods are devoted daily to manual work. In technical branches the work approaches shop conditions and the pupil is trained to secure both accuracy and speed. In addition to academic studies every boy takes work in drafting, pattern making, forging, foundry, and machine shop practice. He may specialize in any of these lines, also in chemistry, elec- trical construction, printing, gymnasium, design and cartooning. Boys preparing for an engineering college must elect German or French the last two years. Specialization occurs only in the last two years of the four year course. This serves a twofold purpose. The pupil has time to find himself and it enables the teachers to determine what kind EAST TI-X'IINICAL HIGH SCHOOL 7 of work he should take up. And since technical lines are closely allied each boy has a knowledge of the fundamentals of manu- facture before he begins to specialize. In the girls' courses emphasis is laid upon the household arts and the duties of home-making. Cooking, sewing and costume design are given in addition to the girls' courses in English, mathematics and science. At the beginning of the third year, girls may either select a general course in household economy or they may specialize. Girls are admitted to the Normal School from the Technical High Schools upon attaining the required standing at graduation. Those desiring to teach domestic science or domestic art receive the preparation required by colleges that fit teachers for these branches. The course of study for boys and girls may be found on the following pages. 8 C.KXKRAL INFORMATION COURSE OF STUDY FOR BOYS FIRST YEAR Periods Subjects Per week English 5 Mathematics 5 Industrial Geography 5 Mechanical Drawing 6 Woodworking 10 Physical Training 4 or 3 Study 10 or 11 SECOND YEAR English 5 Mathematics 5 Chemistry 6 Mechanical Drawing 4 Shop 10 Physical Training 4 or 3 Study 11 or 12 THIRD YEAR English 5 Physics 6 German or French or Industrial History 5 or Elective Technical 10 Mechanical Drawing one semester 4 Shop one semester 10 Elective Technical one semester 14 Study IS FOURTH YEAR Advanced Mathematics 5 American History and Civics 5 German or French, or Elective Academic 5 or Elective Technical 10 Elective Technical 15 Study IS or 10 In the third and fourth years pupils may elect three or four periods -of Physical Training. In the fourth year pupils may elect two periods of Sex Hygiene in place of two periods of Physical Training. EAST TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL 9 COURSE OF STUDY FOR GIRLS FIRST YEAR Periods Subjects per week English 5 Mathematics 5 Botany and Physiology 5 Cooking 6 Sewing 4 Applied Arts 6 Physical Training 4 or 3 Study 10 or 11 SECOND YEAR English 5 Mathematics 5 Chemistry 6 Cooking 4 Sewing 6 Applied Arts 4 Physical Training 4 or 3 Study 11 or 12 THIRD YEAR English 5 M. and M. History 5 Physics or German or French 6 or 5 Elective Technical IS Study 14 or 15 FOURTH YEAR Art History and Civics 5 Science or German or French 5 Elective Academic 5 or Elective Technical 10 Elective Technical 15 Study 10 or 15 In the first and second years the fourteen or sixteen periods assigned to Technical training may be sub-divided as follows : Cooking or Sewing 4, Applied Arts 10 periods. In the third and fourth years pupils may elect two or three periods of Physical Training. In the fourth year pupils may elect two periods of Sex Hygiene in place of two periods of Physical Training. Pupils selecting a foreign language in the Junior and Senior Years will take Physics in the Senior year. 10 ACADEMIC DEPARTMENTS ACADEMIC DEPARTMENTS ENGLISH BOYS AND GIRLS The object of the course in English is twofold; first, to enable the pupil to write and speak clearly, correctly, convincingly, and in such a manner as to awaken interest ; second, to teach him to read literature understandingly and appreciatively, and to judge its value. CLASSICS Year I Semester 1 : Rip Van Winkle, The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, Sohrab and Rustum, Enoch Arden, The Christmas Carol, The Cricket on the Hearth. Semester 2: Ivanhoe, The Iliad (4 books, Bryant's translation), A Midsummer-Night's Dream. Year II Semester 1 : Silas Marner, The Idylls of the King, The Ancient Mariner, Treasure Island. Semester 2: Poe's Tales, A Tale of Two Cities, Macbeth. Year III Semester 1: The Life of Johnson (Macaulay), Hamlet or The House of Seven Gables, Halleck's History of English Literature, first six chapters. Semester 2 : Burke's Speech on Conciliation, Halleck's History of English Literature, last four chapters. SUPPLEMENTARY TEXTS One or two recitations are spent on the opening chapters of the books named below, after which the pupils finish the books by themselves and make reports on characterization, plot and purpose. There are thirty copies of each in the library, and they are used as follows : Year I Semester 1 : Captains Courageous ; Caleb West. Semester 2 : Capt. Thos. A. Scott ; Careers of Danger and Daring. Year II Semester 1 : The Day's Work. Semester 2 : The Mysterious Island. HOME READING - ' , One book a month is required for home reading. These books are chosen from a list prepared by a Special Committee of the National Council of Teachers of English ; also from two lists of EAST TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL 11 fiction prepared by Miss McKitrick, one graded according to the age of the pupils, the other classified as to subject matter. Mr. G. O. Ward, of the city library, has prepared a list of books in general literature, classified as to form. These lists will help the teacher to select reading for the pupils. Conference with pupils to find individual tastes is necessary. Mr. Ward has prepared bibliographies on Machine Tools, Gas Engines, Foundry Practice and Pattern Making, Electricity, Furniture, Carpentry, House- keeping and Home Economics. Pupils specializing in any of these subjects are encouraged to read books from these lists. Reports, chiefly oral, are required once a month. COMPOSITION RHETORIC BOYS AND GIRLS Text : Blaisdell's Composition-Rhetoric. COMPOSITION One short theme a week required for one year and a half ; longer themes at longer intervals in the latter part of the course, where the emphasis is placed on the short story, dramatization, the essay, and the debate. Besides the compositions based on the text, themes, chiefly expository, on work done in the shops are required once a month. Typical subjects are: Laying out mortise and tenon joints ; How to make a split pattern ; The process of welding ; The use of the engine lathe ; A comparison of the nutritive value of veal and lamb with that of beef and mutton ; How to furnish a dining room. RHETORIC One lesson a week is given to this course, which includes punctuation, clearness, purity, precision, unity and force. The emphasis is placed, not on rules, but on the correction and improve- ment of sentences. The aim is to leave with the pupil a sense of good sentence structure, rather than a knowledge of rules. ORAL EXPRESSION Emphasis is put on oral composition as a basis for the written work, and as a training in oral expression. Outlines for themes and the best methods of presentation of subjects are discussed in class. The pupils get the benefit of the general criticism as to 12 ACADEMIC DEPARTMENTS development and arrangement of material, sentence structure, use of words, unity and clearness. The greatest value is the training in sustained thinking. LIBRARY WORK Most of this work is given in the first year and is based on the hrst six chapters of Ward's Practical Use of Books and Libraries. There are one hundred copies in the library for the use of pupils. Four lessons are spent on the text, and one recita- tion period with the librarian who explains where to find books and how to use the card catalogue. Written tests are given by the librarian on the use of the dictionary and encyclopedia Chapter seven of Mr. Ward's book is studied in connection witn the work in argumentation. SPELLING Fifteen minutes a week for three years is devoted to this work; words are taken from Sandwick and Bacon's School Speller. PUBLICATIONS The best compositions in the English classes are published in a monthly school magazine and an Annual. GERMAN BOYS AND GIRLS A college preparatory course in German is offered as an elective in the third and fourth years. Students not preparing for college omit this course. Juniors are expected to acquire a ready knowledge of the essentials of German grammar, which are applied in reading, translation, writing and conversation. Facility in using the language is gained by the use of conversational exercises, the reading and discussion of German life, its thought, manners and customs. Seniors review the grammar constantly by incidental exercise in composition and reading throughout the course. The text-books in use at present are: First Year: Bier- wirth's "German Grammar." Guerber's "Maerchen und Er- zaehlungen." Bacon's "Im Vaterland." Second Year: Pope's "German Prose and Composition." Hillern's "Hoeher als die Kirche." Von Moser's "Der Bibliothekar." HISTORY BOYS AND GIRLS The aim of the courses is to assist the pupils to understand tbe basis of our industrial, political and social life, and also, in a EAST TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL 13 measure to perceive the trend of these same phases in our national life. To emphasize this aim, one recitation a week is devoted to the study and discussion of current events and ten- dencies. Boys are required to take one year, and girls two years of history. CURRENT HISTORY Current history is elective for both boys and girls. Each pupil has for his regular assignment the editorials in one of the Cleveland daily papers ; usually he chooses the one that comes regularly to his home. In addition, many articles in the leading magazines are received and discussed. The object of the course is to make the student familiar with the latest important events in the city, state, and nation. AMERICAN HISTORY AND CIVICS A half year each of American history and civics is required of all students in the fourth year. The aim in the history course i? to trace the industrial and political development of our country in order that present day conditions may be better understood. The course in civics treats of the organization of the various units of our government. The problems and tendencies of our times also receive much attention. MEDIEVAL AND MODERN HISTORY In the third year a course in medieval and modern European history with the history of painting- is given. This course is required for the girls and may be elected by the boys. In the first semester after a very brief outline of ancient history to give the proper setting for the medieval, life in its various aspects in the middle ages is taken up. The last few weeks are devoted to the Renaissance and the great artists of this period are studied by means of pictures and supplementary reading with class reports. The second semester is spent in tracing the changes which have taken place along the lines of religious toleration and forms of government. Emphasis is laid upon the correlation of history and geography and the connection between current historv and that of the past. The history of painting is taken up with the regular history, so that each artist's work is shown in relation to his country and time. An effort is made to train the pupils to understand and enjoy pictures and so to create a permanent interest. In order to become better acquainted with the art in Cleveland a club with voluntary membership makes frequent visits to exhibits in the city and gives occasional reports to the class. 14 ACADEMIC DEPARTMENTS INDUSTRIAL GEOGRAPHY BOYS A year's course in industrial geography is given as a require- ment for all boys during their first year in the school. This work is intended to give the student an introduction to the other sciences. During the first semester the time is devoted chiefly to the physical side of geography. A brief review of elementary geography is made, followed by a somewhat detailed study of those factors of meteorology, which have a direct bearing on the industrial, social and economic life of a people. The weather and climatic conditions of the various countries, together with the causes which govern these conditions, are considered. Daily local weather reports of the temperature, direction and velocity of the wind, precipitation, and cloudiness, are made by each student. From these reports a study of storm movements and weather changes is made. Rainfall maps are constructed and causes of difference in amount of precipitation are discussed. The processes of weathering, erosion and glaciation, and the resultant land forms are studied in some detail. A laboratory and field acquaintance with the common rocks, together with some knowledge of their structure and formation, is acquired. The second semester is spent in studying the industries of the various sections of the United States, and of the principal foreign countries, in their relations to climatic and physiographic condi- tions. The localization of industries, and the causes for such localization is worked out in a large measure. Also, the location and growth of cities and the causes which govern their location and growth are taken up. Detailed reports on many topics of economic interest are made by the individual students and dis- cussed by the class. Excursions to various factories and other points of interest in Cleveland and vicinity are made whenever deemed profitable. Altogether the course is expected to give the student an acquaintance with the physical environment in so far as it governs the conditions under which he lives. ICAST TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL 15 PHYSIOLOGY AND BOTANY GIRLS The course in science for the girls for the first year consists of botany and physiology. Nominally they are separate, but virtually the botany and physiology are closely related parts of the same course a course in the study of life. Botany precedes physiology because a knowledge of the study of the processes of life may be more easily approached through a study of plants. For example, after the study of cell-breathing in plants, the pupil easily gets the idea that respiration in the human organism is not simply inhalation and exhalation, but is essentially the interchange of gases in every living cell in the body, and that the lungs and circulatory systems are necessary to breathing only because the body is such a complicated organism. The knowledge of sex is taught in the botany. The subject is introduced with the algae. The value of beginning this work with botany is in the repetition of the fundamental facts of reproduction as the pupil passes from the algae to the higher forms. As the essential facts in reproduction are repeated in the tracing of the evolution of plants the scientific terms necessary for personal physiology become commonplaces. The school owns a papier mache figure which i^ dissectible. The function of each organ of thorax, abdomen and pelvis is carefully explained. After the study of physiology and anatomy is com- pleted, hygiene is given careful consideration. A purely scientific atmosphere is kept in the class room. Emphasis is laid on the vital processes of digestion, nutrition and respiration so that the subject of reproduction is not gi\ai an exaggerated prominence in the course. The field work in botany is given to enable the pupils to recognize the native trees. MATHEMATICS BOYS AND GIRLS An elementary course of two years is required of both boys and girls. The boys articulate their course with the work in the drafting room and shop ; the girls, with the work in household art. The teachers in the mathematics department anticipate the work 16 ACADEMIC DEPARTMENTS on the technical side, by a week or two, placing emphasis on the principles to be met and on practical problems which apply those principles. Arithmetic, algebra, and geometry are taught in combination. As soon as the pupil is able to generalize, he is prepared to use general symbols to represent numbers, and to employ those sym- bols in the solution of problems. When he has learned a truth in geometry, he applies that truth to the work in hand by the use both of arithmetic and of algebraic symbols. The difficulties in the transition from arithmetic to algebra, and from algebra to geometry, are avoided by thus treating the subjects in combination. Each pupil has a daily exercise during the first two years. When he has completed his second year he should be thoroughly familiar with fundamentals and should have acquired facility in the manipulation of numbers. In the third year, an elective course in the more formal study of plain geometry and algebra is offered to prospective college preparatory students. This course is open to both boys and girls. An advanced course is required of all senior boys, election being made of either the college preparatory course or the course in applied mathematics. The college preparatory students devote the first twenty-five weeks of the senior year to a thorough review of secondary school algebra, with emphasis on theory. The rest of the year is devoted to demonstrative and applied solid and spherical geometry. An elective course in trigonometry is offered to advanced students. The college preparatory course meets the requirements of such institutions as Case, Ohio State, Michigan, and Cornell. For the course in applied mathematics see page 29. CHEMISTRY BOYS The principles of general chemistry are required of the boys in the second year. This course is elected in the fourth year by the girls who wish to enter college. The course is presented strictly along utilitarian lines ; the aim being not to make chemists of the pupils, but to give them a clear understanding of general chemistry and of the widespread applications of chemistry in industry. The pupil spends four forty-five minute periods in the recitation-demonstration room, and one ninety minute period in the laboratory, per week. EAST TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL 17 The laboratory has accommodations for twenty-seven pupils working at individual desks. The experiments performed by the pupils are very closely correlated with the recitations. Whenever possible the experimental slightly precedes the class-room work. The individual work in the laboratory is carefully supervised by the instructor, so that the pupils learn to observe closely and accurately. They are required to write down their observations at the time of performing the experi- ment. The industrial applications, the properties, and the methods of preparation for the common elements and inorganic com- pounds are discussed in the recitations. Special emphasis is given to the metallurgy of the common metals. A great many experiments, the nature of which prohibits the performance by pupils, are demonstrated by the instructor. The classes visit a number of manufacturing plants during the year. These trips give to the pupils the best tvne of illustration of practical chemical operations. The recitations are further supplemented along industrial lines by assigned readings, (with mimeographed questions), in Duncan's Chemistry of Commerce, of which twenty-five copies have been placed in the library. After completing the general course, the student, if he so desires, may specialize. This course consists of two years work in analytical chemistry. Eifteen forty-five minute periods per week are spent in the laboratory and five periods in the recitation room where the theory of the work is discussed. Qualitative analysis is studied during one year, the work covering detailed analyses of about thirty of the more common elements both in the wet and dry way. The student not only becomes familiar with the chemical changes which these ele- ments and their compounds undergo when brought together with other elements or compounds (reagents), but also the physical properties of the elements and their compounds. After learning the analysis for the metals, tests for the acids are carried out. Following this some time is spent on dry analysis, after which a series of simple, and later, complex "unknowns" are analyzed. After completing the qualitative course the element of measurement is introduced and the work becomes quantitative. The student becomes thoroughly acquainted with the quanti- tative balance, so that he can adiu c t it. and weigh rapidly and 18 ACADEMIC DEPARTMENTS accurately. The course as planned involves the principles of gravimetric and volumetric analysis. The experiments are graded, involving easy methods at first and gradually working up to those that are more difficult, each assignment involving new points in procedure. The intention has been to make the exercises practical. Excepting the first two, each consists of the analysis of some natural or artificial compound coming in the daily round of work in the commercial laboratory. The same time is given to the quantitative as to the qualitative course. The student is also required to spend some time in the library doing reference work. A number of the best texts and reference books on both qualitative and quantitative analysis have been placed in the school library. The two years course will prepare the student for work in the various chemical laboratories of the industrial world. Thus prepared he is able to grasp quickly the details of analysis in any line, and is enabled very soon to become a regular analyst. DOMESTIC CHEMISTRY GIRLS A course in domestic chemistry is required of all girls in the second year science work. As the name implies, this course teaches chemistry from the point of view of its value in the home. It is closely correlated with the course in cookery, work in the same foods being carried on in both departments at the same time. A thorough study of the five food principles is made, start- ing with water; carbonhydrates, fats, proteins, and mineral matter follow in order. Then the source, production, manu- facture, adulteration, preservation and digestion of all foods are considered, and experiments with them are performed. Food accessories, such as spices, condiments, beverages, and flavoring extracts, all receive special attention, as well as the metals used for cooking utensils and the effect produced upon them in cooking by acids and alkalis. The Pure Food Law is studied at length. Trips are made to various factories to inspect methods of manufacture of such foods as flour, candies, etc. The aim of the course is not only to prepare the girl for EAST TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL 19 college, but to give her such information as will be of practical use in home life in years to come. Some study is also made of the principles of general chemistry. PHYSICS BOYS The first aim of the boys' course in physics is to give the pupil a knowledge and understanding of the laws, principles, and facts relating to the natural things about him ; the second is to develop his ability to apply this knowledge to his every- day life. Incidentally, in acquiring these facts and principles he will be given an excellent training in logical things. The course includes both recitation and laboratory work. The recitations take one period a day for four days a week, while two periods are spent the fifth day in laboratory. In the recitation the subject matter assigned in the text, and any other related subject the student or instructor may suggest, are demonstrated by the aid of simple apparatus ; supplementary problems are solved. The two periods spent in the laboratory are used in dis- cussing the method of performing the experiment in hand, in doing the work, and in taking necessary data. The experiment is written up outside the laboratory and is then approved by the teacher. The text used is "Applied Physics for Secondary Schools," a text designed to supplement as much as possible the work in physics with that of the shops. The subject matter deals with the subjects of mechanics, sound, light, heat and electricity. In mechanics especial emphasis is laid on machines, general dynamics, mechanics of fluids, and strength of materials. The treatment of electricity is quite a departure from the usual high school method, the course being made practical. Instead of spending much time on static it deals almost entirely with current electricity. The most common modern electrical instruments and machines are used and explained. Each boy is expected to get a working knowledge of most of the modern electrical equipment of a city. 20 ACADEMIC DEPARTMENTS PHYSICS GIRLS This branch of science is a required subject for girls in the third year. The course is designed to give an understanding of the laws of nature as applied in the home. The classes are segregated and the study based upon the experience of the average high school girl. The first half-year opens with a study of heat. Efficiency and cost of different methods of heating and ventilating, both for homes and other buildings, are explained. The heat values of coal and gas are found. Cooking temperatures and methods, and the heat value, or nutritive value, of many different kinds of foods are' studied. Much of the cost in the home is connected with food and fuel ; therefore it is important that every girl learn the scientific principles which will help her to use coal, gas, and other fuels to the best advantage. With the study of heat are taken up the subjects of refrigeration, the dew point, gas meters, and government food charts. A few lessons are devoted to sound, studying the nature of sound, how it travels, and the physical basis for music. The second term opens with the study of electricity. The girl is taught how electricity is generated and how it is used in the many electrical appliances found in the modern city home. Each student is expected to study and test electric bells, lamps, irons, toasters, etc. A brief study of mechanics is made, especially the mechanics of such machines as are used in the home. Also consideration is given to the mechanics of fluids, including the home water supply. The year's work closes with the subject of light. Special attention is given to the nature of light, color, and illumination. Each week throughout the year four single periods are devoted to recitation and one double period to laboratory work. Abundant use is made of simple apparatus to demonstrate the principles discussed. EAST TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL 21 TECHNICAL DEPARTMENTS 1 he general purpose of the shop and drawing courses is to prepare pupils for some one of the skilled trades, or to continue their studies in higher technical institutions. Since the fundamental principles underlying all art are identical, during the first two and a half years a definitely pre- scribed outline of instruction is laid down. The shop work of these two years is therefore a general course in manual training. The use and care of the various tools and machines, a study of materials and the processes of their distribution and prepara- tion and the facility in applying the fundamental principles of construction are the chief ends sought. Within due limits en- couragement is given to the originality of the pupil in making designs. When the design or drawing is completed, the pupil is held to accuracy and workmanship in its executions. This work is intended to be educative and creative as well as technically constructive. From elements and principles taught in the mechanical drawing and shop classes each pupil makes his own designs, which, when approved by the instruc- tors, he executes from working drawings. Within due limita- tions as to practicability and suitabi'ity of form and material, free scope is given to his inventive talent in the making of his design ; but this once decided upon, he is held to strict accuracy and workmanship in its execution. Throughout the prescribed course the importance and neces- sity of an especially close correlation between the shop and the drawing department is emphasized. Each pupil devotes fifteen or sixteen periods a week to technical work. Four to six periods are spent in the drafting room working out and perfecting designs, while ten periods a week are spent in the shop putting the designs into concrete form. Ample arrange- ments are made to accommodate numbers as well as to offer a variety of technical subjects. The equipment consists of five cabinet shops, two pattern shops, a foundry, forge shop, two machine shops, sheet metal shop, green house, electrical shop, print shop and six mechanical drawing rooms. Fach depart- ment is fitted with equipment suitable for trade instruction. During the first two years, the pupil takes a prescribed course in various departments, and is thus able to select a 22 TECHNICAL DEPARTMENTS FOR BOYS vocation for which he seems best fitted and has the greatest liking. Trade work begins with the third year. Correlated instruction is discontinued when the pupil enters a trade class. For two years the pupil spends twenty-five periods a week at his chosen work. A further knowledge of commercial processes and methods of manufacture is gained by occasional trips to factories and shops which have a direct relation to the special trade course. Upon completing the trade work pupils are qualified to enter the trades as advanced apprentices. Experi- ence in a commercial shop is usually required before the boy is accepted as a journeyman. Boys who are schooled in the trades receive fair wages at the start. Careful training insures rapid advancement both in position and wages, and eventually places the trade class boy far beyond the shop trained man. Pupils intending to continue their technical studies in the colleges take advanced drawing and machine shop work, devoting fifteen periods a week to technical subjects. Unlike the trade work this course is not intended to develop skill in any one kind of work, but offers a broader knowledge of machine construction and gives a better foundation for those entering the engineering professions. MECHANICAL DRAWING The course in mechanical drawing is directly related to the work in the shops. During the first two and a half years the pupil makes designs and drawings of work which he is to con- struct in the shops. Each pupil works from his own drawing, this affording him an opportunity to observe and correct his deficiencies as a draftsman. By this means he is enabled to read intelligently the draw- ings w r hich he is to use later in his shop practice. Training is given in the accurate use of the various instruments with which the pupil should become familiar. In addition to carefully constructed working drawings, free-hand sketches and views are made for the purpose of giving clear mental conceptions of the object and to teach the appearance and relation of the different views to each other, as well as to show the proper position of each on the drawing plate. In this way a greater portion of the first year is spent making designs and drawings of furniture to be constructed later in the cabinet shops. One half of the second year is devoted to the design of machine parts for the pattern shop and foundry. The remain- EAST TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL 23 ing half year is given to the design of cabinet sets, fire sets, lamps, umbrella stands, and other pieces of wrought metal to be worked out in the forge shop. The first half of the third year is combined with machine shop practice, although not so closely correlated to shop work as the drawing of the first two years. During this term atten- tion is given to the study of various mechanical motions found in machines, such as crank and link motions, eccentric and ratchet movements, and the use of cams and gears. With the close of the first term in the third year, three courses in drawing are open to the pupil. First, trade machine drawing, second, trade architectural drawing, and third, college preparatory drawing. TRADE DRAWING The work in machine drawing consists in making drawings of apparatus, equipment and machines. This requires a large number of details, assembled drawings, tracings and blue prints. All of these are of a constructural nature ; they are neither copies of other drawings, nor drawings of objects already built. Thus it is necessary for the pupil to get a clear conception of the object he is to draw, to understand its construction, to become familiar with its details, and to know the reason why its parts should have the forms adopted. The trade work in machine drawing includes practical designs such as bench hand planer; 8-inch wood-turning lathe with friction drive from below ; 24-inch band saw ; swinging cut-off saw; bench grinder; milling attachment for 8-inch speed lathe ; small hand punch ; hand punch and shear ; 4-inch and 5-inch vertical gas engine; foundry crane; shop truck; bench vise : stationary cabinet for office ; booth for moving picture machine ; and various models and instruction sheets for the shops and other drawing rooms. Instruction in architectural drawing comprises special problems in projections and developments ; constructional details of buildings ; the orders of architecture ; projection of shadows ; architectural perspective ; original designs of three or more houses or buildings. Floor plans, framing plans, eleva- tions, perspectives, and specifications are included in all designs. As steel forms an important part in modern building con- struction, the architectural course includes a sufficient number 24 TECHNICAL DEPARTMENTS FOR BOYS of structural design problems to familiarize pupils with condi- tions met with in everyday practice. In connection with this course in the drawing room, the pupil receives instruction in design and decoration in the art department. College preparatory work in mechanical drawing, includes the study of mechanism, such as crank and link movements, eccentric motions, uniform and variable motion cams, spur gears, bevel gears, and worm gears. One semester is devoted to perspective sketching of machine parts, both from detail drawings and also from the object. The last semester of the senior year is devoted to making special drawings for use in the school, or in working out problems in machine construction. CABINET MAKING Throughout the first year the pupil works two periods every day in the cabinet shop. In this department the first knowledge of tools, their proper use and care is learned. The rule, square, knife, marking gauge, saws, chisels, etc., are described and their purposes explained. Lumber terms and measurements are taught, together with the growth, struc- ture, moisture, use and value of woods. The use of various devices for fastening wood together, such as joints, glue, screws, nails, etc., is taken up. The finishing of wood is studied with regard to sand paper- ing, staining, filling and varnishing. The conduct becoming a workman and the proper care of shop equipment are brought to the pupil's attention. As a means of bringing the essentials of furniture-making clearly to the pupil's mind he is required to build a certain number of prescribed pieces. For example, a book rack, foot stool, tabouret, umbrella stand, etc., are among the articles designed and made during the first year. Before a piece of furniture is started in the shop the pupil must complete a working drawing of the piece he intends to build. In this manner he is taught to read drawings and blue prints as well as to learn the vaUie of accurate drawings. The cabinet course is arranged to include a limited amount of wood turning only, sufficient time being devoted to this branch of work to prepare nuoils for the lathe work commonly met with in pattern-making. EAST TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL 25 TRADE FURNITURE MAKING The course in trade cabinet making includes wood carving, special designing, and cabinet furniture drawing. The work is elective in the junior and senior years and is so arranged that five or more periods a day may be devoted to practical and theoretical instruction in cabinet making. In these classes the boys receive a more complete training in design, construc- tion, and finishing than would be gained in a modern furniture factory where the work is divided into departments with little opportunity to learn the trade completely. By cultivating ability and industrial efficiency this department fits boys to become workmen of ability. The work is also of great value to boys who intend to become manual training teachers, as the training received enables the student to complete the usual two years normal course in one year. Several students of this department are now teaching in the public schools of Cleveland and of other cities. PATTERN SHOP AND FOUNDRY WORK Pattern-making and foundry work are taken up at the beginning of the second year in the shops. In these depart- ments the student receives his first definite knowledge of machine construction. The close relationship existing between the work in the various shops is brought clearly to his atten- tion. The necessity of doing dependable work is thus learned early in the course, as well as the need of cooperation between departments. The work of the pattern shop is closely related to that of the foundry and offers a good example of correlated departments. The pupil in the elementary work of this department brings his own blue print from the drafting room and from this makes his pattern which he later uses in the foundry. In the ele- mentary course such instruction is given as will bring to the student's attention the most important points of pattern-mak- ing and foundry practice. For example, the pupil before making his first pattern is taken to the foundry and by prac- tical demonstration shown the significance of the terms shrink- age and draft, which points are brought out in the first pattern 26 TECHNICAL DEPARTMENTS FOR BOYS together with a knowledge of the methods he must pursue, and why. The relation between pattern-making and foundry practice is so close that in this school \ve have found it the most efficient plan to have the same teacher give instruction in both subjects, his classes reporting to him on alternate days in the pattern shop and foundry. In this manner patterns are made and molded which embody the essential principles of pattern-making and foundry practice. The patterns made in this course are largely taken from various parts of machines built in the school shops. These parts are arranged or graded so as to fit in with the pupils' knowledge of machinery and with his ability as a workman to properly make them. Throughout the course each pattern is preceded by an explanation covering the importance of machine finish, green and dry sand coring, and the correct methods of molding. The pupil learns also the names and uses of the too's of both pattern shop and foundry, and makes molds and castings from his own patterns. Finally at the completion of his course, a foundation has been laid for specializing in the trade of pattern- making. TRADE PATTERN-MAKING The object of this course is to prepare boys for the pattern- making trade. Twenty-five periods per week are given to trade instruction, the pupil thereby receiving a thorough and com- plete training in the principles of pattern-making. As the pat- tern-maker's work results directly in castings for the machine shop each pupil is required to take one term of machine shop practice before specializing in pattern-making. The knowledge of machine shop methods thus gained enables the pupil to construct his patterns with a good understanding of their ultimate purpose. A careful study is made of the various woods suitable for pattern-making. The ability to read drawings and lay out work is developed. Through continued practice, skill is acquired in the handling of tools. The use of patterns and core boxes in foundry work is studied, with a view of overcoming the difficulties of molding. The principles of pattern-making and foundry work are thus learned and applied. Starting with simple patterns the pupil progresses to advanced work such as lathes, with hot and cold water. Physical training is compulsory for the first two years and excuses demanding exemption are received only from the family physician. At present there are 1,100 boys enrolled. On entering every boy is examined and wherever physical abnormalities are discovered, carefully chosen exercises are prescribed to relieve and possibly eliminate such conditions. EAST TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL 43 Besides the regular work in physical training, a number of other physical activities are taken up by special groups of pupils, such as tennis, golf, swimming, football, baseball, track athletics and basketball. Inter-class track meets are held and much atten- tion is given to plays and games. During the baseball and basket- ball seasons, teams are organized and home room leagues are formed, mainly, for the encouragement and promotion of athletic sports of interest to the great masses of young men. The pupils are constantly urged to assist and advise one another both at the games and during the exercises on the apparatus. Nothing will develop and promote good fellowship better than mutual assistance. Friendship thus sealed by physical assistance and cooperation in the gymnasium and on the play- ground is lasting. The standards to be striven for are, to educate the youth to strong efficient citizenship ; to strengthen the body so as to best serve the mind in daily toil ; to teach fairness to all, consideration for others, and personal sacrifice for the good of the greatest number ; and to encourage a true spirit of democracy. PHYSICAL EDUCATION GIRLS Physical education is required the first two years, and elec- tive the last two years of the school course. Two double periods per week are devoted to it, the double period being more advan- tageous than the single, in that it allows time for showerbaths. Credit is given for this work equal to that given for the same amount of time spent in any technical subject. Work for the girls consists of games, simple exercises on the apparatus, folk and aesthetic dancing, and athletics. Enough formal gymnastics are given to afford some little skill, and to help in the management and control of the class. Special emphasis is placed on games and activities which will create in the girl a desire for outdoor exercises and furnish her with the means of expressing this desire in some popular form of activity, such as tennis, baseball, skating, swimming, and walking. Supplementing the class work in physical education for girls are home room basket-ball, volley ball, and indoor track leagues ; and various school clubs such as tennis clubs, hikers clubs, bird clubs, etc., all tending to induce the girls to be out of doors as much as possible. Through our home room leagues we are able 44 VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE to reach a large number of girls and give them an opportunity to play in an interesting series of games and take part in various forms of athletics. These activities appeal so strongly to the girls that it is always possible to secure a team from each home room to take part in any form of games or athletics for which we have facilities. VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE AND EMPLOYMENT DEPARTMENT In the organization of the school, each teacher is assigned a group of from twenty to thirty pupils, distribution being upon a geographical basis in the city. This group is known as a home room. These pupils report each day of the four years to the same home room teacher, who studies the tastes and special abilities of each, and investigates the home conditions. This gives every pupil an adviser through and after the four years in school. During the first two years each pupil is given some experience in each of several kinds of work: drawing, cabinet making, turning, pattern making, foundry, forging, and machine work. During this time the home room teacher watches the growth of the pupil and keeps a record of his progress. By the end of the second year the school adviser or home room teacher is able to offer valuable suggestions as to the line of work for which the pupil seems best adapted. This information, together with the advice of tl ; e parent, the opinion of the shop teachers, and the wishes of the boy, all combine to determine the line of specialization for the last two years. The same plan is followed for the girls. When the pupil is ready to leave his school work, the voca- tional guidance department acts as a clearing house to bring together the boy and the job where he will have a chance to do the work which natural ability and training best fit him. ORGANIZATIONS The different organizations, athletic, literary, etc., play an important part in the life of the school. Pupils are encouraged to join at least one of these organizations, the purpose being to control and develop the hea'tl y and normal activities of the boys and girls. EAST TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL 45 The athletic association, to which all pupils are eligible, is organized for the purpose of supporting the athletic teams, who enter contests in foot ball, base ball, basket ball, track, tennis, and swimming, with other schools in the city. The athletic activities of the school are not confined to these teams, however. There are sixty-five rooms, with thirty pupils in each room, and each room, including the girls, has a base ball team. Games are played between the home room teams. Basket ball and tennis teams are organized in the same way. There are four class track teams as well as a number of home room track teams. The purpose of athletics in the school is not to train excellent teams for outside contests but to give as many as pos- sible the opportunity of enjoying the normal healthy school sports. Another general school organization is the Congress of Home Rooms. This consists of a representative from each room and is constituted for the purpose of working out a system of self gov- ernment for the school. There are five musical clubs : an orchestra, a band, a mandolii club, a boys' glee club, and a girls' glee club. There is a dramatic club, including boys and girls, which gives a play once a year ; two boys' debating societies from the mem- bership of which the contestants in the interscholastic debates are chosen ; a girls' literary society, for the purpose of doing work in the modern drama and novel. Eligibility to the literary clubs is based on scholarship. Interest in scientific study is encouraged by the organization of such societies as The \Yireless, and The Engineers, The Gar- goyle (architectural), and The Agricultural Club. Once a year, during the Christmas recess, the Alumni Associa- tion meets socially in the gymnasium. NIGHT SCHOOL One of the most important missions which this school can fulfill is the betterment of people already engaged in a given occupation. The abolishment of the apprenticeship system in the subdivision of manufacturing processes has made it practi- cally impossible for mechanics to secure any general training which will increase their efficiency and consequently their earning power in their present positions or enable them to fit themselves for a better position. There is a need among semi-skilled working 46 XKillT SCHOOL classes of an opportunity for industrial education, and to meet this need the East Technical High School offers trade courses during the evening to men and women already employed during the day. The entire equipment used for technical instruction in the day school is available for the evening classes. Instruction is offered to men in carpentry, cabinet making, pattern making, foundry practice, tool forging, sheet metal work, machine shop practice, electrical construction, printing, industrial chemistry and agriculture. Instruction is also offered in allied subjects, such as machine drawing, architectural drafting, sheet metal drawing, applied mechanics, shop mathematics, business English and physical training. Complete courses in hand sewing, machine sewing, spring and fall millinery, and plain cooking are available to women. Courses in industrial arts and crafts are open to men and women ; instruction is offered in free hand drawing, charcoal and water color rendering. Opportunity is offered to work out designs in pottery, leather work, art metal work, wood block and stencil. Evening sessions are from 5 : 00 to 7 : 00 and from 7:15 to 9: 15 p. m. The classes are divided into two sections, one meet- ing Monday and Thursday evenings, another meeting Tuesday and Friday evenings. Pupils may attend one or more nights a week. The school year consists of three terms of ten weeks, or twenty lessons each, with the opportunity of taking allied work without additional charge. A fee of $5.00 per term for tuition and incidental expenses is charged each member of any class ; $3.50 of the fee is returned to all members who attain an average attendance of 75 per cent. Those wishing to acquire skill in any one phase of a course or upon any one machine will receive a recommendation card as evidence of their training in that particular work. A completion of the full course of four terms warrants the issuing of a cer- tificate of proficiency, and as a high standard of work is required such a certificate is of distinct value to the holder. It means the placing in the hands of graduates of the night classes of the East Technical High School a certificate of character, workmanship and industrial intelligence. INDEX Academic Departments, 10 Agriculture, 32 Aims and Methods, 4 Art Department, 39 Art, Applied, 39; Domestic, 37 Arts and Crafts, 41 Botany, Agriculture, 32; for Girls, 15 Building and Equipment, 2 Cabinet Making, 24 Chemistry for Boys, 16; for Girls, 18 Civics, 13 Clubs, 44 Composition and Rhetoric, 11 Cooking, Vocational, 36 Costume Design, 40 Course of Study, General State- ment of, 6; for Boys, 8; for Girls, 9 Daily Session, 5 Design, Costume, 40 Domestic Art, 37 Domestic Science, 33 Drawing, Mechanical, 22; Trade, 23 Dressmaking, 37 Electrical Construction, 30 Employment Department, 44 English, 10 Equipment of Building, 2 Foods and Household Manage- ment, 33 Forge Shop Practice, 27 Foundry, 25 Furniture Making, 24; Trade, 25 Geography, Industrial, 14 German, 12 History, 12 Historical Statement, 1 Household Management, 33 Library, 3 Machine Shop Practice, 28 Trade, 28 Mathematics, General, 15; Shop, 29 Mechanical Drawing, 22 Millinery, 38 Night School, 45 Organizations, 44 Pattern Making, 25; Trade, 26 Physical Education, Boys, 42; Girls, 43 Physiology and Botany, 15 Physics, for Boys, 19, Girls, 20 Printing, 31 Purpose of the School, 5 Rhetoric, 11 School Year, 5 Segregation, 4 Sewing, 37; Trade, 38 Sheet Metal Work, 27 Shop Mathematics, 29 Technical Departments, 21 Territory, 5 Vocational Guidance, 44