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 JAPAN. MOMBUSHO. 
 
 A Catalogue with Exclanatory Notes of the 
 Exhibits from the Department of Education. 
 
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 A CATALOGUE 
 
 WITH 
 
 EXPLANATORY NOTES of the EXHIBITS 
 
 FRO^I TTIK 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, 
 
 EMPIKE OF JAPAN, 
 
 1\ TUT. 
 
 INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AND EDUCATION EXHIBITION. 
 HELD IN LONDON, 1884. 
 
 LONDON: 
 WII.LTAM CLOWKS AND SONS, Lnnrri.. 
 
 INTKRXATIONAt- HEAI/n[ EXIIlhri'IOX. 
 AND 1.!. CHARI\(; rU()>4S. 
 
 18.S1.
 
 
 
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 d' 
 
 A CATALOGUE 
 
 EXPLANATORY NOTES of the EXHIBITS 
 
 FliOM THK 
 
 DEPAETMENT OF EDUCATION, 
 
 3 
 
 EMPIRE OE JAPAN, 
 
 IX THE 
 
 Ji\TERNATIONAL HEALTH AND EDUCATION EXHIBITION, 
 HELD IN LONDON, 18S4, 
 
 LONDON: 
 WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, Limited, 
 
 INTERNATIONAI. HEALTH EXHIBITION, 
 AND 13, CHAKING CROSS. 
 
 1884. 
 
 ?
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The official communication fi-om the English Government requesting 
 the Japanese Government to partake in the International Health 
 Exhibition, to be opened in London in May of the present year, was 
 received by our Department of Education only in the middle of 
 February last. The actual work of collecting exhibits was not 
 therefore begun until the consent of the English Government was 
 obtained, through its Minister resident in Japan, to the necessary 
 delay there would be in completely arranging our section. The 
 interval of time thus allowed us — the exhibits were shipped on 
 May 11th — was too short to enable us to make a collection such as 
 would fairly represent our educational system. Especially is it to be 
 regretted, and we ask therefore the visitors' indulgence, that the 
 exhibits on Technical Education, to which special attention was to be 
 paid in this Exhibition, are very incomplete, for though this is no 
 doubt due partly to the very recent introduction of Systematic 
 Technical Education into our country, it is also in a large measure 
 owing to the lack of necessary time. 
 
 The exhibits brought togetlier are apparatus, instruments, and 
 text-books in actual use, resTilts of pupils' work, etc. Articles that 
 are not attractive in appearance have been carefully left as they are, 
 and not been purposely embellished for the Exhibition. 
 
 Although visitors would be able to understand the nature of each 
 
 exhibit from the label accompanying it, the following catalogue with 
 
 B 2
 
 Introduction. 
 
 explanatory notes on more important articles, is published with the 
 hope that it may not be nuwelcome to persons specially interested ia 
 educational matters. Those who are desirous of obtaining further 
 information in regard to our educational s^^stem are referred to 
 another publication : " General Outlines of Education in Japan," 
 which can be obtained in the Japanese Section. 
 
 By order of the Minister of Education, 
 
 SEICHI TEJIMA, Commissioner, 
 
 Director of Tokio Educational Museum and Attache 
 Superieur of the Department of Agriculture 
 and Commerce. 
 
 Department of Education, Toldo, Japan. 
 
 XoTE.— This Catalogue was prepared before leaving Japan, but on arrival of the 
 exhiljits, it was found that many of those with which most pains had been taken had 
 been spoiled by sea water on the passage, owing to the occurrence of tire on tlie 
 steamer — such as the appliances, designs, works, &c., relating to art education, silk 
 weaving and embroidery works by girls of the industrial school, and bronze works by 
 the deaf and dumb boys, together with the articles and specimens sliowing ditferont 
 stages of the process of teaching — and as there is too little time to rearrange this 
 catalogue, those which are not exhibited on this account have been marked with an 
 asterisk [*]. 
 
 S. T. 
 LoN-DON-, Sept., 1884.
 
 CATALOGUE 
 
 WITH EXPLANATORY NOTES OF THE EXHIBITS 
 
 FROM THE 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, 
 EMPIRE OF JAPAN, 
 
 IN THE 
 
 INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AND EDUCATION EXHIBITION, 
 
 Hi:i.D IN 
 
 LONDON, 1884. 
 
 DIVISION l.-HEALTH. 
 
 GROUP IV.— SCHOOLS. 
 
 Class XXXIV. 
 
 Designs and Models of Improved Buildings for Elementary Schools, 
 Infant Schools and Creches. 
 
 From the days of the feudal system, schools were established in each olan for 
 both litemry iiiid military training. Buildings used tor tliis puriK)se were totally 
 different in style from those of to-day, and only very few of tlicm are now left. 
 Bciiool-buildings at present in use have been built mostly within the last ten years, 
 and in many cases special attention was paid to the requirements of liygiene and school 
 management. Models of two or three school-buihlings of later construction are 
 given as examples. In districts where no special school-building lias yet been 
 built, temples or private dwelliugs are being iiaed temporarily. 
 
 (1.) Model of Elejientauy School attached to Tokio Normal School. 
 
 This elementary school, which is attached to, and stands within f lie grounds of the 
 Tokio Normal School, under tlie immediate control of the Department of Education, 
 is intended to serve as the model for echools of the same grade throughout the 
 oonntry, both as regards the methods of instruction and the construction of the 
 IjiiiMing. To normal schools of all the Fn (municipalities) and Ken (i)refectures) 
 similar elementary schools are attached, to enable students to go through practical 
 exercises in methods of instruction, and also to serve as models within their 
 respective jurisdictions.
 
 International Health Exldhition. 
 
 (2.) Gkound Plan of Elejientary School attached to Tokio Normal School. 
 
 (3.) Photograph of School Kooji, with Boys at Eecitation. Elementary School 
 attached to Tokio Normal School. 
 
 (4.) Model of Kiogoku Public Elementary School, Kiyoto. 
 
 This model represents only one of tlie blocks of buildings belonging to tlie 
 school — the plan of the whole being given in No. 5. This school has been built in 
 accordance with the directions for constructing school buildings issued by the 
 Kiyoto Fucho (City Government) for its own jurisdiction, and may be said to be 
 a typical specimen of the Japanese mode of construction. Many elementaiy schools 
 have lately been built upon this model. 
 
 (5.) Ground Plan of Kiogoku Public Elementary School, Kiyoto. 
 
 (6.) Model of Hongo Public Elementary School, Tokio. 
 
 (7.) Ground Plan op Hongo Public Elementary School, Tokio. 
 
 (8.) Model of Bancho Public Elementary School, Tokio. 
 
 (9.) Ground Plan of Bancho Public Elementary School, Tokio. 
 
 Tlie Tokio Fucho (City Government) has not issued any directions for school 
 construction. The above two models will, however, suffice as examples of schooS- 
 buildiugs in Tokio. 
 
 (10.) Directions for Construction of School-Buildings, and of Desks and Chairs 
 for Use in Elementary Schools. Issued by Kiyoto Fucho (City Government). 
 
 (11.) Plan op Tokio Female Normal School Grounds. 
 
 (12.) Photograph of Tokio Female Normal School, with its adjuncts: Girls* 
 Elementary School and Kindergarten. 
 
 Class XXXVII. 
 
 School Kitchens and Arrangements for School Canteens. Methods 
 of "Warming Children's Meals, etc. 
 
 (1.) Model of Students' Quarters, Tokio Female Normal School. 
 
 For the sake of female students who come from distant parts of the Empire, and 
 also for convenience in instruction and administration, means are provided for 
 lodging students within the grounds of the Normal School. The building used for 
 this purpose, as shown in the model, contains not only sleeping-rooms but apart- 
 ments for other purposes, as kitchens, bath-rooms, rooms for i) air-dressing, etc. 
 Students are required to do tlieir own cooking, washing, etc., thus early accustoming 
 themselves to household duties. It should be remarked that rooms in this building 
 are made small on purpose ; for instance, instead of one vast kitchen, which would 
 be necessary if it were for the use of all, several small ones are provided. This 
 system has been adopted in order to give home-like appearances to the building, 
 and to give students the feeling of being in a private family as much as circumstances 
 will allow. To this building, not only students supported by public expenses, 
 but those studying by private means are admitted if they desire it. There are 
 similar provisions made for the accommodation of students in some of the Female 
 Normal Schools established by Fu and Ken. (Munici]jalities and Prefectm-es.) 
 
 (2.) Ground Plan op Students' Quarters, Tokio Female Normal School. 
 
 (3.) Models op Kitchen Utensils, in Use in Tokio Female Normal School. 
 These may serve as the specimens of utensils used in every Japanese kitchen.
 
 Japan. — Education Qtfalogue. 
 
 (4.) LuxcH-BOXES FOB SCHOOL Childken, Wrapped in Cloth. 3 forms. 
 
 The prineipnl food of our people being rice, lunch-boxes differ naturally from 
 Ihoso in use in other countries. Books are done up in cloth and curried about in 
 the same way as lunch-boxes. 
 
 Class XXXVIIL 
 
 Precautions in Schools for Preventing the Spread of Infectious 
 Diseases, School Sanitaria, Infirmaries, etc. 
 
 (1.) DiRECTioN.s to be followed in case Inmates of Students' Quarters are taken 
 with Infectious Disease, witli an account of Precautionarj' Measures adojtted 
 <luring recent Cholem Epidemics in Tokio. University of Tokio. (In Japanese 
 and English). 
 
 Class XXXIX. 
 
 Special Apparatus for Physical Training in Schools, Gsnnnasia, 
 Apparatus for Exercise, Drill, etc. 
 
 (1). ;Model of Governmekt School fou Physical TR.\iNnfG. 
 
 This school is under tlie immediate jurisdiction of the Department of Education, 
 and is establislied to teacli gymnastics, physical education, and infantry manoeuvres 
 as !i<lopted in our army. Its students consist of (1) Tiacliers of normal and other 
 .scliools sent from various Fu (cities), and Ken (prefectures), at public expense to 
 learn gymnastics, and (2) Students of institutions in Tokio under the direct control 
 of tiie Department of Education. (For further details see Class LYI. No. 31. 
 Pvxplanatory remarks on Exhibits from Government School for Physical Training). 
 As most of those who liave finished their course here liave become teachers in 
 institutions established by Fu and Ken, as well as in village and ward schools, 
 g}-nmastics have gradually come to be taught very widely. No. 10 of the present 
 clads is tlie set of gymnastic apparatus used in this school. 
 
 (2.) Photograi'H of Students going through Gymnastic Exercises, Government 
 School for Physical Training. 
 
 (3.) PH0T0(;i!Arn of Boys going through Gymnastic Exercises, Elementary 
 School attached to Tokio Normal School. 
 
 (4.) Photocuaph of Boys at various Sports, Elementary School attached to 
 Tokio Normal School. 
 
 (').) Sketch representing Girls at I'lay with various Toys. 
 
 For toys see Division II. Group \T. Class 47 No. I. 
 
 (tJ.) Book on Gymnastic Exercises. 
 
 (7.) Ditto. 
 
 (S.) SiMOMETKr;. 
 
 (9.) Dynamometer. 
 
 (10.) Set of Gymnastic ArPAUATus. 
 
 One of these apparatus — the canvas bag holding beans — is intended only for the 
 use of young women. 
 
 ♦ 
 (11.) Set of Apparatls isep ix Game oi- " Dakii." 
 
 " Dakiu " (somewhat resembling the game of Polo) has come down from olden 
 times, and may be said to be a national game of Japan. It is played both on foot 
 and on horseback, school boys generally adopting the former course. See Nos. 12, 
 13, and 14.
 
 International Health Exhtbition. 
 
 (12.) Model of Game of "Dakiu" as played on Horseback. 
 
 (13.) Painting, representing game of "Dakiu" as played by feudal vassals 
 of the Tokugawas, during the supremacy of that family. 
 
 (14.) Painting, representing game of " Dakiu," as played by school boys of 
 the present day. 
 
 (15.) Set of Fencing AppARATrs. 
 
 (16.) Sketch, representing Fencing Exercises. 
 
 (17.) Set of Apparatus for Archery Practice, 
 
 (18.) Sketch, representing Archery Practice. 
 
 (19.) Sketch, representing Exercises in " Jiujitsn " (kind of wrestling). 
 
 These arts (Fencing, Archery and Jiujitsu) were considered as an essential part 
 of military training for a samurai (knight). As they afford opportunities tor 
 splendid physical exercises, they have been revived in some schools. See Nos. 16, 
 18, and 19, to get an idea of exercises in these arts. No. 18 represents the Archery 
 practice of olden times. 
 
 Class XL. 
 
 Literature relating to Classes XXXIV-XXXIX. Models, Statistics, 
 
 Diagrams, &c. 
 (1.) Chart containing : — 
 
 (1.) Table of Health Statistics in Students' Quarters. 
 (2.) Table of Ages for Admission and of Length of each Course. 
 (3.) Table of Average Number of Hours for Study and Recreation for 
 those in Students' Quarters. University of Tokio (in Japanese). 
 
 (2.) Tlie same Chart (in English). 
 
 (3.) Table of Measurements of Twenty Individuals aged between 18 and 23, 
 showing Rate of Growth and Development of Physical Powers within Fixed 
 Periods under Systematic Exercises in Government School for Physical Training. 
 
 (4.) Health Register of Students, Tokio Female Normal School.
 
 Japan. — Education Catalogice. 
 
 DIVISION ll.-EDUCATION. 
 
 GROUP VI.— EDUCATIONAL WORKS AND 
 APPLIANCES. 
 
 Class XLVII. 
 Kindergarten. 
 
 Owing to the recent introduction ot" the Kindergavtcu system into our eountiy, 
 there are as yet only very few of them. Of these, the most completely ecjuippL-d is 
 tliat attached to the Tokio Female Normal Sciiool under the direct control of the 
 Department of Education. It was established in order to give students in the latter 
 institution a practical acquaintance with Kindergarten methods, and is also intended 
 as the model for the wliole country. Tlie numlua- of Kindergarten will jirobably 
 be considerably increased hereafter," as the Jlinister of Education has lately issued 
 an order to the etFect that children in Elementary Schools, when under six, should 
 be taught according to Kindergarten methods. 
 
 A. — No apparatus or fittings for Creches are exliibited. 
 
 B.— Games, Toys and Kindergarten Amusements- 
 
 (1.) Toys used in Girls' Elementary Scliool and Kindergarten attaciied to Tokio 
 Female Normal School. 
 
 Tlieso toys used both in the Girls' Elementary School and Kindergarten are calcu- 
 lated to help the development of the mind and body of cliildren. {See No. .) of th>'. 
 present Class and also No. 5 of Class 3U.) 
 
 (2.) CoMMOX Toys axp Picturk Books (.■')4 articles). Japanese toys, of which 
 jipecimens given liere will give an idea, are often instructive in tliat they illustrate 
 pliysical laws, and can be utilized for teaching the rudiments of science. In village- 
 schofds wiiicli cannot afford to buy physical apparatus, &c , teachers sometimes 
 resort to tliese toys to impress more vividly what they are teaching. 
 
 (;!.) Fancy I'AriMts. 
 
 (4.) Foi.DKD Fancy PArEU Figires (10 articles). Fancy papers have been 
 common from olden times, and arc extensively used by children to ornament boxes, 
 Sic. They are also cut and folded into various ligures representing common animals, 
 jilants and utensils. This exercises children's ingenuity, and helps to make tlieir 
 iingers nimble. 
 
 (5.) Skktch, representing Kindergarten Cliildren at Flay with Various Toys, 
 Tokio Female Normal School. 
 
 C— Models and Appliances for Teaching. 
 
 (6.) BlackbOAKD for use in Kindergarten attached to Tokio Female Normal 
 ■School. 
 
 (7.) Ditto. 
 
 (8.) KiNDiitr.AnTKN Gifts. Kindergarten attached to Tokio Female Normal 
 i>chool(16artiel.;s). 
 
 As Froebel's methods are adopted in our Iviiulergarten, the gifts devised by him 
 ;ire used. 
 
 B 3
 
 10 International Health E.rltihition. 
 
 (9.) Charts for Moral and Object Teaching, Kindergarten attached to Tokio 
 Female Normal School. 
 
 Tliese are specimens of charts nsed to illustrate, and thus to impress more 
 vividly, stories which are calculated either to arouse children's moral feelings, or to 
 add to their store of positive knowledge. Thus, the first chart illustrates the story 
 of certain monkeys in the 2>i"ovince of Shinano wlio were very affectionate to their 
 mother-monkey, and is intended to bring out the duty of filial piety. The second 
 chart gives the story of the famous penman, Ono-uo-Tofoo. Having been greatly 
 impressed by seeing a frog after repeated faihn-es, and by jiersistent efforts, succeed in 
 jumping up to a willow branch, this person took to studying writing, and by 
 applying himself strenuously, became finally to be one of the three best penmen 
 Japan has ever known. This, it need liardly be said, is intended to impress the 
 necessity of patience and diligence. While these illustrate moral stories, the third 
 and fourth charts represent respectively the rearing of silk-worms and the process of 
 weaving, and are used to teach the first rudiments of Domestic Economy and 
 Natural History. 
 
 D. — Specimens of Work done in Kindergarten. 
 
 (10-11.) Specimens of Wokk done in Kindergarten attached to Tokio Female 
 Normal School. (1 Bos and 1 Framed Piece.) 
 
 These have been devised more or less by the children themselves. 
 
 (12-13.) Specimens of Work done in Kindergarten attached to Sakurai 
 Female School (private), Tokio. (1 Box and 1 Portfolio.) 
 
 (14-15.) Specimens of Woek done in Kindergarten attached to Kutu Public 
 Female School, Tokio. (2 Portfolios.) 
 
 Class XLYIII. 
 
 Elementary Schools. 
 
 In schools of feudal times no chairs were used, scholars squatted on the matted 
 floor and used very low tables. As desks and chairs are to be preferred, from the 
 point of hygiene and school-management, they have now replaced the low tables in 
 almost every school, and considerable attention is also being paid to their improve- 
 ments. The courses of study have undergone equally great changes. While morals- 
 and writing were the chief topics of study, there are taught now, besides morals, 
 reading, writing, and arithmetic, other branches like geography, physics, chemistry, 
 and n.itural history even in Elementary Schools. This has naturally greatly 
 increased the number of school text-books. The exhibits placed in this class will 
 give an idea of the apparatus, fittings, text -books, &c., now in use in om- Elementary 
 Schools. 
 
 A. — Apparatus and Fittings. 
 (1.) Dess for use in Elementary School attached to Tokio Normal School. 
 
 (2.) Outfit of Elementary School Pupil, Elementary School attached to- 
 Tokio Normal School. (8 articles.) 
 
 An abacus is here included, as rapid methods of calculation by that instrument 
 are taught. The copy-book that requires no ink but water only is one of the most 
 convenient of recent inventions. As our children have to acquire difficult Chinese 
 characters besides the forty-eiglit letters of the Japanese syllabary, the task before- 
 them is not to be compared with the comparatively easy one of learning an alphabet 
 of only twenty-six letters. On this account, more hours are given to writing in our 
 schools than is the case in those of Europe or America. Several exhibits following: 
 are apparatus for writing. 
 
 (3.) Box of Ink-stone for Indian Ink with Accessories, Elementary School 
 attached to Tokio Noi-mal School.
 
 Japan. — Education Catalogue^ 11 
 
 (4.) Box OF In-k-stoxe for Re.l Ink with Accessories for Use of Teachers. 
 Eleineiitary Scliool attached to Tokio Normal School. 
 
 After pupils have tiioroughly mastered a certain numher of characters, tliev 
 write them out on clean paper. In correctinj^ and marking these, teachers invariubiy 
 use the red colour, and thus a stone for red ink becomes necessary. 
 
 (5.) Model op Adjvstable BL.\cKnoAi!U used in Elementary Scliool attachctl 
 to Tokio Normal School. 
 
 This model is one-third of tlie original article. It consists of two parts, placed 
 one in front of the otlier, which can l)e slid uji and down past each otlier Ijy means 
 of pulleys at the side, and be thus adjusted to tlie height of each child. 'What h 
 scholar lias put down below can then be easily pulled up for the inspection of the 
 whole class. 
 
 (G-7.) School Room Abaci (2). 
 
 These are intended for use only in teaching. In all abaci, a bead above the 
 cross-bar represents 5, wliile each of the five lower ones placed on a line stands for 
 1, thus making it possilile to count 10 on every vertical line. These arbitrnrv 
 values are rather hard to comprehend by children, and eaoii bead, in No. G hns 
 therefore its value marked on it with dots. AViien these relations have been well 
 grasped, No. 7 is used. 
 
 (8.) Apparatus for Teaching Fractious, GirL' Elementary Scliool attached to 
 Tokio Female Normal School. 
 
 This apparatus makes the relations of fractions comparatively simple ami ea«v 
 to comprehend by chiklren. For the mode of using it, see Explanatory Remarks 
 accompanying it. 
 
 (9.) Slate for Use in Schools. 
 
 (10.) Slate-Wipers (large and small). 
 
 (11.) Slate-Pencils (3 kinds), 
 
 (12.) Paper-Slate. 
 
 (13.) Papku Tablet-Slate. 
 
 (14.) Chalk. 
 
 (lo.) Water-Colours. 
 
 (16.) Cube. 
 
 All these are necessary articles in every Elementary Sihool. 
 
 (17, 18.) Desks for Elementary Schools (2). 
 
 These are intended for Elementary Schools which have no six?cial desks ft r 
 writing exeici.ses. The upper surface of the desks, it will Lo seen, is ma le Hut as 
 otherwise water in the iuk-stoue will spill over. 
 
 (19.) Model op Desk with two Boys skated. ^lade by Deaf- Mutes of 
 Institution for the Blind and the Deaf-Mute, Kiyoto. 
 
 The desks and stools of this description are in use in the Institution for the 
 Blind and the Deaf-Mute, and in Elementary Schools, in Kiyoto. It is claimed by 
 the Director of the al)ovr institution that wiien scholars are 'made to sit with their 
 body and liands arrange.l as in the model, their attention is fixed better on the 
 thing before them, and that they moreover do not feel the cold as much as if thev 
 were in other positions. The same Director has also his own views in re"-ard to 
 desks, stools, and the modes of arranging them, for which gee Class 54, No. IS. 
 
 B 4
 
 12 International Health Exhibition. 
 
 (20.) Figure of Boy, illustrating laws of determining maximum slope of back 
 of stools. 
 
 This has also been devised by the Director of the Institution for the Blind and 
 the Deaf-Mute, and been made by scholars of the same institution. 
 
 B.— Models and Appliances for Teaching, Text-Books, Diagrams 
 and Examples. 
 (21.) Model of Clock. 
 
 (22.) Cabinet of Objects for Object-Lessons. Prepared by the Tokio Educa- 
 tional Museum. 
 
 This is a collection of nearly 200 common objects, and is used for Object-Teaching. 
 
 (23.) Apparatus for Teaching Spelling. 
 
 (24.) Numeral Frame. 
 
 (25.) Models of Geometrical Figures. (1 Box.) 
 
 (26.) Cabinet op Common Japanese Weights axd Measures for use in 
 Elementary Schools. 
 
 (27.) Geared Tellurian. 
 
 (28-74.) Set of Text-Books in use in Elementary School (for Boys) attacliod 
 to Tokio Normal School. (47 works with 156 volumes, 26 charts and 5 rolls.) 
 
 These text-books relate to a number of subjects as Morals, Readhig, Writing, 
 Arithmetic, Geography, History, Drawing, Natural History, Physics, Chemistry, &c., 
 but instead of referring each to its own class, they are all placed here as a set to 
 five a general idea of text-books in use in Elementary Schools. 
 
 (7.5-109.) Set of Text-Books in use in Girls' Elementary School attached to 
 Tokio Female Normal School. (33 works with 129 volumes, 2 portfolios, 7 charts.) 
 
 This set is essentially the same as that from Boys' Elementary School, with the 
 only difference that books on Sewing and Etiquette — the subjects taught only to 
 girls — are added here. 
 
 (110-135.) Text-Books for Elementary Schools, edited by Department of Edu- 
 cation. (26 works, with 74 volumes, 38 maps and charts, and 2 rolls.) 
 
 To replace objectionable text-books published by private persons, or to supply a 
 want of text-books on certain subjects, the Bureau of Compilation in the Depart- 
 ment of Education undertakes to issue from time to time model text-books, a set of 
 which is here brought together. These are very extensively used in Elementary 
 Schools, throughout the whole country. 
 
 C. — Specimens of Work done in Elementary Schools. 
 
 (130-141.) Specimens of Work done in Elementary School (for Boys) attached 
 to Tokio Normal School. Dictation Exercises, IMap Drawings, Writings (witli 
 Teachers' Corrections), Musical Notes, Drawings, Examination Pajiers, »tc. (24 
 volumes.) 
 
 (142-144.) Spectsiens of Work done in Girls' Elementary School attaclied to 
 Tokio Female Normal School. Examination Papers, Compositions, Writings, &c 
 (3 volumes.) 
 
 (145.) Examination Papers by Children of Elementary School attached to 
 Tokio-Fu Normal School. (8 volumes.) 
 
 (146-148.) Specimens op Work done in Koto Public Female School, Tokio. 
 Compositions, Writings, Drawings (by children between 10 and 13), &c. (3 volumes.)
 
 Japan. — Education Catalogue. 13 
 
 (149-150.) Specimens of Wohk done in Sakurada Public Female School, Tokio. 
 Compositions, Drawings. (2 volumes.) 
 
 (151-154.) Si'ECiMEN.s OF WonK done in Meirin Female School (private), Tokio. 
 Original Verses, Writings, Compositions. (2 volumes, 2 framed pieces.) 
 
 (155-160.) Specimkns of Wobk done in Sakurai Female School (private), Tokio. 
 Exiuuiuation Papers, Drawings, Compositions (in English), &c. (G volumes.) 
 
 It is to be regretted that the want of necessary time has not allowed us to 
 collect specimens of school work from other districts besides Tokio — all the above 
 exhibits being from that city only. But those given here will, it is hoped, give a 
 fair idea of work done in our Elementary Schools. It is also unfortunate, though 
 unavoidable, that examination papers," &c., are in a language not understood by 
 Europeans. For specimens of needlework, &c., the visitor is referred to Class 49. 
 
 Class XLIX. 
 Domestic Economy in Schools for Girls. 
 
 A great deal of attention is paid to Domestic Economy in our Schools for Girls. 
 Sewing is taught even in Elementary Schools, but as scholars in them are girls of 
 only 11 or 12 years, nothing bevond the first rudiments is taught. Specimens of 
 work done are shown in Nos. 17-22 of the present Class. In higher schools for 
 girls and female nonnal schools, more advanced domestic arts are taught, and, as can 
 be seen from specimens given in Nos. 14-16, students acquire a skill fully fitted to 
 be turned to practical uses. Moreover, in schools for girls, where means are provided 
 for lodging students, they arc requireil to make themselves practically acquainted 
 with the management of a kitchen, methods of cookery, arrangement of tables, and 
 other useful household arts. In Kiyoto-Fu Female School, besides an advanced 
 course of ordinary studies, special courses, generally extending over three years, are 
 provided in various handiworks, as Sewing, Embroidery, Weaving, Rearing of Silk- 
 Worms, Painting, &c., any one of which may be taken up at the option of students. 
 
 The reason why Sewing is carefully attended to in our schools is because an 
 ordinary housewife in Japan has to do a great deal f)f sewing, in fact, so mut-h, that 
 nearly all clothes and dresses, except of most difficult kinds, are made at home, and 
 there are comparatively few professional tailors and dressmakers. A girl who 
 goes through only an elementary school is expected to have learned enough to 
 make her fairly skilful with her needle with a little additional instruction at home. 
 
 As domestic arts have been taught hitherto mostly at home, text-books on these 
 subjects are comparatively few. 
 
 A.— Models and Apparatus for the Teaching of Cookery, Housework, 
 Washing and Ironing, Needlework and Embroidery, Dress- 
 making, Artificial Flower-making, Painting on Silk, Pottery, &c. 
 
 •(1.) Charts for Teaching Domestic Economy for Use in Elementary Schools (6). 
 These charts have been prepared by Mohan Jiogakko, in the Prefecture of 
 Tochigi, to illustrate terms in Sewing, Weaving and other domestic arts. 
 
 (2.) Charts for Teaching Sewing and Cutting of Cloth, with Handbook. For 
 use in Elementary Schools. (A set.) 
 
 This was published by Fukiokwai (a private school association in Tokio), for the 
 purpose of teaching Sewing. 
 
 (3.) Needle-Box with Necessary Materials, for use in Tokio Female Normal 
 School. (1 Set of 62 Articles.) 
 
 This is the ordinary needle-box used both in school and at home for holding 
 instruments and materials necessary for sewing, as needles, threads, scissors, itc. 
 As sewing is all done l>y hand and not on a machine, this needle-box. with the 
 articles shown in the next exhibit, is all that is necessary for ordinary purposes.
 
 14 International Health JExMhition. 
 
 (4.) Accessory Insteuments for Sewing. For use in Tokio Female Normal 
 School. (1 Box with 9 Articles.) 
 
 These articles comprising; Flat-irou, Smoothing Iron, &c., are also necessary for 
 sewing. As their forms differ from foreign instruments used for tlie same purposes, 
 the methods of using them are also naturally dilferent. 
 
 (5.) Set of iNSTRriiENTS for making Relief Pictures. For use in Tokio Female 
 Normal School. (1 Box with 7 Articles.) 
 
 fllaking Relief Pictures is also adapted to women's nimble fingers, and is taught 
 along with sewing in girls' schools. Specimens of work done are arranged further 
 on with those of Sewing. 
 
 (G.) Sketch representing Girls of Tokio Female Normal School at Sewiug 
 Lessons. 
 
 Although chairs and desks are almost universally used in schools, Sewing and 
 Etiquette are taught, sitting in the Japanese fa»liion on tlie matted floor. 
 
 *(7.) Model of Apparatus used in Weaving Ornamental Designs by Tsuzureori 
 Process. Kiyoto-Fu Female School. (1 Set of G Articles.) 
 
 This model shows the essential parts of the loom for weaving small jjieces of 
 ornamental cloth for portes-monnaie, &c., by the Tsuzureori process. (1) is the 
 design to be worked out ; (2) is the shuttle for woofs ; (3) are the bamboo sticks to 
 which are fastened (-1) threads arranged in two sets, each set holding alternate 
 warp-threads together ; (5) are the reeds through which warp threads are passed to 
 keep tliem sei^arate ; (G) is the comb for bringing woofs close to one another. For 
 the whole of a loom, and the process of weaving, see the Explanatory Notes from 
 the Sciiool. In teaching this art, the following order is observed : — First, weaving 
 of small pieces for portes-monnaie, &c., without any ornamental designs ; second, 
 weaving of similar small pieces, with designs and copying of such designs ; finally, 
 weaving of large pieces as wmdow curtains, table covers, with fine and elaborate 
 designs of animals, flowers, &c., and copying of such designs. For specimens of 
 small pieces, see the fourth and fifth pieces in the Portfolio, No. 23 ; for large 
 pieces see the table covers, Nos. 24 and 25. 
 
 *(8.) Set of Instrl'Mexts for making Relief Pictures. Kiyoto-Fu Female 
 School (1 Box with 5 Articles). 
 
 These instruments are essentially the same as those shown in No. 5. A design 
 with birds and flowers, and the methods for cutting it out — see (6) — are shown in 
 addition here. The order in which this art is taught is as follows : — First, small 
 simple designs are worked out. Then boxes, plants, animals, human figures are 
 attempted ; and finally elaborate pieces for framing, &c., are undertaken. For 
 specimens of work see the 8th, 9th, and 10th jjieces in the Portfolio, No. 23. 
 
 *(9.) iLLrsTKATiONS of Proccss of Embroidery. Kiyoto-Fu Female School. 
 
 This exliibit illustrates the process of embroidery. The instruments used are 
 the frame for keeping the cloth to be worked stretched, spools for gold threads, 
 Ijamboo spools, needles, dish for dissolving white lead, and brushes (the last two 
 for marking out designs on the cloth). In this course is taught at first 
 embroidering of simple designs with gold thread, together with copying of designs 
 and metliods of stretching cloth on the frame ; afterwards embroidering of more 
 and more complex designs with copying of the same, and the laws of distribution of 
 colours. For specimens of work see the 1st to 4th pieces in the Portfolio, No. 23, 
 
 *(10.) iLLrsTRATioNS of Ditfereut Stages in Preparation of Bordered Relief 
 Pictures. Kiyoto-Fu Female School. 
 
 The instruments used in this are the same as those for ordinary relief pictures 
 (see No. 8). In this course are taught first copying of designs, pasting thick paper 
 <m the back of designs, cutting out designs (leaving margins and principal lines, 
 lor instance, if leaves, leaving margins and large veins), pasting pieces of silks or 
 other stutis (m the cut-out j^hices, fixing of gold dust, &c. After these aro 
 mastered, elaborate designs with animals, plants, and characters are attemjited. 
 For specimens of work see the 11th to 14t)i pieces in the Portfolio, No. 23.
 
 Japan. — Education Catalogue. 15 
 
 *(11.) Illustkatioxs of Difforeut Stages in Preparatiou of Patchworks. Kiyoto- 
 Fu Femalo ScluwI. 
 
 In this kind of patcliwoiks, designs arc reproduced by scicukj together pieces of 
 stuft". To i)repare them, tlie figures of animals, plants, or any other designs arc- 
 cut out of tliick paper, and tlien varif)us stut!s are cut to fit tliose, and sewed 
 together so finely with threads of the same colours as tlie pieces, that no stitches 
 are to be seen and tlie designs look as if woven or dyeil out. Tliis art is taught to 
 nil students in sewing, as it is very useful in patching Tip accidiMital tears or holes 
 in costly dresses, &C. For specimens of work see the 15th jiiece in the Portfolio, 
 No. 23. 
 
 *(12.) Illustkatioxs of Difterent Stages in Preparation of Patchworks. Kiyoto- 
 Fu Female Sciiool. 
 
 Tliis kind of jiatchworks is produced by pai^fimj togetlier diflferent pieces, and is 
 therefore only a species of relief jjictures l)efore mentioned (see No. 8). The method 
 of preparation is as follows: — A design is first drawn on thin paper. This, being 
 then placeil on thick jiaper, is trat-ed over with a metal or bandKio spatula. The 
 design thus transferred, has its difierent parts cut out of the thick jjaper, and 
 pieces of various stufls are pasted on them. These are next ]>ut together with 
 absolute exactness, and produce the given design. This art is taught to such of 
 the students in sewing as desire it. For specimens of work see the IGth piece in 
 the I'ortfolio, Xo. 23. 
 
 *(13.) I'nErAKATioN: op Special Kixd op Ejiukoideuy. Kiyoto-Fu Female 
 School. 
 
 This kind of embroidery is taught to all students as the first steps in sewing to 
 give ))iactice in handling needles. Designs are not drawn beforehand on cloth, but 
 are simply worked out at sight. For specimens of work, see the 17th piece in the 
 I'ortfolio, "Xo. 23. 
 
 B. — Specimens of School-Work. 
 
 (14.) Si'ECiJiEXs OP X^KEDLEwouK by Scholars of Higher School for Girls 
 attached to Tokio Female X^'ormal School. (1 Box with 12 Articles.) 
 
 (l.">.) SnxiMEXs OP Kelief Pictvues and Ouxamextal Knots. Higher 
 School for Girls attached to Tokio Female Xormal School. (1 Box with 26 Articles.) 
 
 The methods of tying ornamental knots are taught with sewing. 
 
 (16.) Speci-mexs op Kxittixg and Models in Paper of Various Pieces op 
 Clothing. (1 Box with 23 Articles.) 
 
 Knitting after the European style is taught also witli sewing. Pajwr models 
 will serve to give an idea of what our clothes are like. 
 
 (17.) SrixiMEXs op Needlework l)y Scholars of Girls' Elementary School 
 attached to Tokio Female Xormal School. (1 Box with 20 Articles.) 
 
 (18.) Specimens of Needlework by Scholars of Sakurada Public Female 
 School, Tokio. (2 Boxes with 10 Articles.) 
 
 (19.) Spkcijiexs op Needlework by Scholars of Meirin Private Female School, 
 Tokio. (8 Boxes with 48 Articles.) 
 
 (20.) Specimexs op Needlework by Sciiolars of Koto Public Female School. 
 (1 Box with 6 Articles.) 
 
 (21.) Specimens op Needlework by Scholars of Fukagawa I'ublic Elementary 
 School, Tokio. (1 Box with 4 Articles.) 
 
 (22.) Specimexs of X^eedlework by Sciiolars of Sakumi Female School 
 (private), Tokio. (1 Box with 8 Articles.)
 
 16 International Health JExhihition. 
 
 (23.) Portfolio, with Specimens of Handiworks by Students of Kiyoto-Fii 
 Female School. 
 
 The lst-4th pieces are siiecimens of Embroidery. 
 
 „ 5th-7th „ „ Tsuzureori. 
 
 „ 8th-10th ,, ,, Belief Pictures. 
 
 „ 1 ltli-14th „ „ Bordered Belief Pictures. 
 
 „ 15tli piece is a specimen of Patchworks by Sewing. 
 
 „ IfJth „ „ „ Pasting. 
 
 „ 17tli ., „ Special Kind of Embroider}'. 
 
 „ 18th-22nd pieces are specimens of Painting from Life. 
 
 „ 23rd-24th „ „ Writing. 
 
 *(24.) TsrzuEEoRi Table Covek witli Classical Designs. By two Students- 
 (aged respectively eighteen and nineteen) of Kiyoto-Fu Female School. 
 
 *(25.) Tsuzureori Table Cover with Ornamental Designs. By Students of 
 Kiyoto-Fu Female School. 
 
 In ordinary Tsuzureori pieces, designs are good for one side only. In the 
 present specimen, it ought to be specially noticed that the design is good for both 
 laces, and the work should be appreciated accordingly. 
 
 Class L. 
 No Exhibits. 
 
 Class LI. 
 Science Teaching. 
 
 Eealising the importance of teaching science to our children, the Department of 
 Education has encouraged as much as possible its introduction to schools, and the 
 first rudiments are taught already in Elementary Schools. As instruments, 
 apparatus, and specimens are necessary for this purpose, the Department of 
 Education has given articles of this descrii>tion as prizes, Avhenever any school 
 has merited a special reward. The prizes thus distributed are the same as the sets of 
 instruments and specimens, given in the jiresent class, and are prepared by the 
 Tokio Educational Bluseum. 
 
 Science teaching has so far advanced in our country that in some schools as the 
 Tokio Normal and Tokio Female Normal Schools, scholars have been interested to 
 make their own apparatus for experiments, 
 
 A. — Apparatus and Models for Elementary Science Instruction 
 
 in Schools. 
 
 (1.) Apparatus for Easy Experiments in Physics and Chemistry for use ia 
 Elementary Schools. (40 Articles.) 
 
 (2.) Models of Mechanical Powers for use in Elementary Schools. (6 
 Articles). 
 
 (3.) Set of Zoological Specimexs for use in Elementary Schools. Prepared 
 by the Tokio Educational Museum. (82 Specimens.) 
 
 (4.) Set of Ai'paratis for Collecting and Preserving Insects. Prepared by 
 the Tokio Educational Museum. (1 box.) 
 
 These have been put together as a set for the use of school children. 
 
 (5.) Set of Di!ied Specimens of Japanese Plants for use in Elementary 
 School?, pre^xu-ed by the Tokio Educational Museum. (101 Specimens.)
 
 To Gloucester Rjoa/L StaiioTi' 
 
 l?3 

 
 Japan. — Education Catalogue. IT 
 
 (G) Set op Aitaratus for Colk-cting and Preserving Plants for iisc by School 
 Children, prepared by tlio Tokio Educational Museum. (I Box.) 
 
 (7.) Specimens op Useful Japanese Wood for use of Schools. (100 Specimens.)' 
 
 (8.) Set of Japanese Minerals for use in Schools. I'repared by the Tokia 
 Educational 3Iuseum. (72 Specimens.) 
 
 (9.) Minerals arranged to represent scale of Hardness. 
 
 (10.) Set of Simple Physical Apparatus for use in Elementary Schools^ 
 Tokio Normal School. (38 Articles.) 
 
 These have been prepared by scholars of the Tukio Normal Scliool under the 
 direction of tlie teacher in physics, and are made up entirely of common ever>-dfty 
 articles. It will be seen that bamboo, which is found abundantly everywhere in 
 Japan, is used much. The construction of these apparatus is very useful in making 
 scholars comprehend physical laws, and is moreover likely to be of service to them^ 
 should any of them ever find himself in an out-of-tho-way school which cannot afford 
 to buy a good equipment of apparatus. 
 
 (11.) Photograph of simple Physical Apparatus shown in Xo. 10. Tokio 
 Normal School. 
 
 (12.) Tools used in making simple Phvsical Aj^paratus. Tokio Normal School.. 
 (52 Articles.) 
 
 These were used in constructing the physical apparatus given in No. 10. 
 
 (13.) Set of Si.^iple Chejiical An-ARATis for use in Elementary Schmds. 
 Tokio Female Normal School. (31 Articles.) 
 
 Tliese have been prepared by female students of Tokio Female Normal School 
 under the direction of the teacher in chemistry with exactly the same objects as- 
 tliose given for No. 10. It will be seen that the cheapest and eonnnonest "articles, 
 have been used. Of course, these are inferior to, and do not last as long as more 
 costly chemical apparatus, but in the hand of a good teacher may become very 
 useful. 
 
 B. — Diagrams, Copies, Text-Books, &c. 
 
 (14.) "Easy Experiments iu Pliysical Sciences." (1 Volume.) 
 
 C. — Specimens of School Work. 
 
 (15.) Chemicals prepared by Students of Tokio Female Normal School. (SCV 
 Specimens.) 
 
 Cla.^s LTI. 
 Art Teaching. 
 
 Drawing is taught in Fleinentary Schools, in the case of boys from the inter- 
 mediate grade, in that of girls from the lower grade upward. Ileie they are carried 
 through only slate and pencil drawings, the method of teaching being always from 
 the .simple to the conijihx. In higher schools for girls and in private art scheols*. 
 India-ink Drawing and Painting with colours nre taught. The apparatus u.setl in- 
 these eases are shown in No. 3 of the prcfcnt class. As pupds n.^ually coj)y the- 
 teaclur's own drawings, or draw from nature, there is not much dt'inan<l for i)rinted 
 drawing copies which are on tliis account compaiatively unsatisfactory. 
 
 Tlicre are three or four private schools for i il-painting, but as tliat art is not 
 native to our country and is not taught in ordinary schools, no oil-paintings are- 
 txhibited here.
 
 18 International Health Exhibition. 
 
 In the Kiyoto Art School, one of the most important institutions of its kind, there 
 are two departments, the Art Departaient proper, and the Accessory Department. 
 In the hitter are taught Japanese and Chinese Literature, History, Physics, 
 •Chemistry, Mathematics, Geometry, and otlier studies accessory to art. In the 
 former there are for the present two main branches, one for Fine Arts and the other 
 ■for Industrial Arts. The first includes courses in Japanese, Chinese, and Euroj^ean 
 Painting- ; the second branch comin-ises painting on porcelain and earthenware, on 
 lacquerware, for dyeing, for embroidery and for weaving. Nos. 11-17 illustrate the 
 methods of teaching these arts. 
 
 Tlicre are several scliools of painting prevalent in Japan at the present day. To 
 
 -pamtmg 
 
 same class (representing the gnme of Dakiu), and No. G2 in the jn-esent class are in 
 the Sumiyoshi style, a branch of the Tosa School. No. (J3 is of the Shijo School, 
 and Nos. 17 and G3 belongs to the Southern (Nanshiu) Chinese School. 
 
 A.— Apparatus, Models and Fittings for Elementary Art Instruction 
 
 in Schools. 
 
 (1.) Drawing Desk for use in Elementary School attached to Tokio Normal 
 School. 
 
 (2.) Set of Drawing Ixstrvjients for use in Elementary School attached to 
 Toldo Normal School. (1 set of 5 Articles.) 
 
 The above two exhibits are for pencil drawings. 
 
 *(3) Apparatus and Materials for India-ink and Water-colour Painting. 
 Tokio Female Normal School. (1 set of 13 Articles.) 
 
 These may be taken as fair specimens of a Japanese artist's outfit. 
 
 (4.) Set op Colours and Brushes for Painting on Porcelain and Earthenware. 
 'Department of Industrial Arts, Kiyoto Art School. (1 set of 13 Articles.) 
 
 Of this set, eight articles are colours and five are brushes. For steps, etc. in 
 teaching this art, see the Portfolio, No. 11. 
 
 (5.) Set of Colours, Brushes, and Accessories for Painting on Lacquer-ware. 
 Department of Industrial Arts, Kiyoto Art School. (1 set of 34 Articles.) 
 For the order followed in teaching this art, see the Portfolio, No. 12. 
 
 (G.) Set op Colours. Brushes, and Accessories for Painting Designs for 
 Dyeing. Department of Industrial Arts, Kiyoto Art School. ( 1 set of 2G 
 Articles.) 
 
 This is the art of painting designs on silk or muslin to be dyed. There are 
 two principal styles, Yuzenzome and Chiayazomc. For the method of teaching, see 
 the Portfolio, No. 13, and for designs, tlie work entitled " A Collection of Ancient 
 and Modern Designs," No. 47. In the present set, (1-lG) are the various apparatus 
 for keeping stretched the stufl:"to be painted; (7-15) for mixing colours, and (G-2G) 
 are the colours. 
 
 *(7.) Set op Colours and Brushes for Water-Colour Painting. Fine Arts 
 Department, Kiyoto Art School. (1 Set of 43 Articles). 
 
 This set is used for painting in the Japanese, Chinese, and European styles, and 
 ■consists of colours, and brushes both fiat and round. This is a fair specimen of an 
 artist's outfit, although there may be some sligiit diftcrences, according to the school 
 to which he belongs. The chart placed with this exhibit has three drawings of 
 which the first and second show how to use colours and apparatus, and the third 
 how to spatter gold dust. For steps in teaching Painting, see the Portfolios, Nos. 16 
 and 17.
 
 Japan. — Education Catalogue. 19 
 
 B. — Designs, Copies, Text-Books, etc. 
 
 *(S.) Dkawixg Copy Books for Elementary Schools. 
 
 *(9.) Ditto. 
 
 *(10.) Ditto. 
 
 *(11.) roKTFOLio 01" Typical Designs, etc., for Porcelain and Earthenware. 
 Department of Industrial Arts, Kiyoto Art School. 
 
 *(12.) I'oitTKOLiu OK Typical Designs, etc., for Lacquerware. Department of 
 Industrial Arts, Kiyoto Art School. 
 
 ♦(13.) rouTiOLio OF Typical Diisigns, etc., for Dyeing. Department of Industrial 
 Arts, Kiyoto Art School. 
 
 *(14.) Portfolio of Typical Designs, etc., for Embroidery. Department of 
 Industrial Arts, Kiyoto Art School. 
 
 Tliis shows the art of painting designs on dresses, etc., to bo embroidered. It 
 can be begun only after ordinary painting lias been mastered. 
 
 *(lo.) PoPiTFOLio OP Typical Dksigxs, etc., for Weaving. Department of In- 
 dustrial Arts, Kiyoto Art School. 
 
 (IG.) Portfolio of Typical Designs, Drawings, etc., in Japanese style. Depart- 
 ment of Fine Arts, Kiyoto Art School. 
 
 Altiiough tliero are, as before mentioned, several schools of painting, the methods 
 of teaching in use arc not very different from those shown in this portfolio. 
 
 *(17.) Portfolio of Typical Designs and Paintings in Nanshiu (Soutlicrn) 
 Chinese School. Department of Fine Arts, Kiyoto Art School. 
 
 •(1S-.50.) Cou^ECTioN OK CoPY-BooKS, Text-Books, Books of Paintings, and 
 Drawings, etc. (i{9 Works with 1U8 Volumes.) 
 
 Tliesc contain copy-books, paintings, drawings of various schools, and will there- 
 fore serve to show differences of style among them. Among others. No. 5G (Collection 
 of famous pictures of Japan and China) answers very well for this purpose. These 
 works are also largely used by workers in industrial arts. 
 
 C. — Specimens of Art Work, etc., in Schools. 
 
 *(57.) Drawings and Maps by Students of Tokio Normal School. 
 
 *(58-61.) Drawings, etc., by Students of Tokio Female Normal School and of its 
 Adjuncts: Iliglier Schools for Girls and Girls' Elementary Schools. 
 
 *(G2.) Water Colour Paintings by Scholars of Sumiyoslii Art School (private), 
 Tokio. 
 
 *(63.) Paintings and Writings by Scholars of Atomi Female School (private), 
 Tokio. 
 
 *(G4) Drawings by Scholars of Kiusen Gakko (private), Tokio. 
 
 Cl.vss LIII. 
 Technical and Apprenticeship Schools.' 
 
 Before the Restoration, all handicrafts were taught in our country only by the 
 method of apprenticeship, and this is still the prevalent mode. The apparatus and 
 instruments used in various trades and in tcacliing apprentices are shown in 
 Nos. 1-22. There is, however, at the present day, a tendency to give technical
 
 20 International Health Exliibition. 
 
 education in schools, and the Department of Education lias given it every encourage- 
 ment, well knowing that nobody can become a skilled mechanic or head of a 
 workshop, or teacher of technical education, without being first well-groiunled in 
 fundamental scientific principles, and that well-qualified persons are very much 
 needed in these days, when factories and workshops are springing up on all sides.. 
 For instance, in some districts, it has been lately settled that boys in elementary 
 schocds should be given rudiments of technical education. Again, tiie Department 
 of Education has just organised in Tokio a Technical School under its own jurisdic- 
 tion. It is to be greatly regretted that all these having been but very recently 
 started, no results can as yet be shown of them, and nothing beyond the photograph 
 of tlie Technical School just spoken of, is exhibited here. In regard to other- 
 technical scliools, public and private, sucli as Art Schools, Scliools of Architecture, 
 of Pottery, etc., the lack of time has not enabled us to prepare a large number of 
 exhibits. The only institution tolerably represented being Kaikoshia, a private- 
 school of Japanese Architectiu'e (see No. 23 and Nos. 32-41). Some of the exhibits- 
 from tills school are certainly worth the visitor's attention, although even in this 
 case, the representation is not such as could have been made, if sufficient time had 
 been allowed. 
 
 A. — Apparatus and Reference-Books used in Teaching of Apprentices, 
 and in Schools of Architecture. 
 
 (1.) Blacksmith's Tools and Specimens of Blacksmith's Work. (1 set, with, 
 18 articles.) 
 
 This set not only represents tools used in teaching apprentices, but those in 
 general use by the trade. The same remark holds good of other sets of tools. 
 
 (2.) Metal-worker's Tools. (1 set, 33 Articles.)] 
 
 (3.) Wood-Sawer's Tools. (1 set, 11 Articles.) 
 
 (4.) Carpenter's Tools, (1 set, 93 Articles.) 
 
 (5.) Models of Wood-Joints. (32 Articles.) 
 
 Tliis gives some of the many methods of joining pieces of wood made use of by 
 carpenters. For the practical application of these methods, see tlie Model, No. 33. 
 
 (6.) Joiner's or Door-Maker's Tools. (1 set, 32 Articles.) 
 
 (7.) Models of Joinery and Cabinet-Ware. (8 Articles.) In our country, the 
 trade of " sashimonoya " (cabinet-maker's) is entirely separate from that of " tate- 
 guj'a " (joiners). Of the present set, the first five models show the methods of 
 constructing the cabinet-ware, i.e. of joining pieces of wood in various kinds of dove- 
 tails. The remaining three are specimens of the joiner's work ; sliding doors, &c. 
 For further models of doors, &c., see No. 33. Tools used by cabinet-makers are- 
 taken partly from the carpenters, partly from the joiners, and are not therefore 
 exhibited here. 
 
 (8.) Cooper's Tools and Specimens of Cooper's Work. (1 set, 37 Articles.) 
 
 (9.) Wood-Turner's Tools and Specimens of Wood-Turning. (1 set, 
 26 Articles.) 
 
 (10.) Wood-Carver's Tools and Specimens of Wood-Carving. (1 set,. 
 22 Articles.) 
 
 (11.) Printing-Block Worker's Tools and Specimens of Printing-Block.. 
 (1 set, 25 Articles). 
 
 (12.) Ivory-Carver's Tools and Specimens of Ivory-Carving. (1 set, 
 58 Articles.) 
 
 There are many kinds of carving, such as metal, stone, wood, bamboo, tusk, horn,, 
 and shell carving, but the exhibits from No. 10 do-wnward will give an idea of 
 principal kinds among them. For tools used in metal-engraving, see those for 
 copper-engraving used by the Deaf-Mutes, Class 54, No. 25.
 
 Japan. — Education Catalogue. 21 
 
 (13.) Plasterku's Tools and Spkcimen ok Pla.steking. (1 sot, 21 Articles.) 
 TliC "shiyakuan" or plasterer's business, consists in plastering the walls of 
 Bimises and tire-proof store-houses (■,'0{lo\vns). The specimen civen of the plasterer s 
 work is the motlel of the entrance-»loor to a fire-proof store-house. 
 
 (14.) Stone-Cctter's Tools and Specisiens op Stone-Cutting. (1 set, 20 
 Articles.) 
 
 These are the tools used in cutting atone for houses, walls, or monTunonts. ami in 
 finishinir stone either smooth or rough. To give a polish, the smootlily-linislied 
 siuftiee is rubbed with wlietstones which are not exhibited here. 
 
 (15.) Mat-Makeu's Tools. (1 set, 10 Articles.) 
 
 Tliese are the tools for making mats so universally used in our houses. For 
 modeld of mats see those used in No. '6'S. 
 
 (ir..) "Maoemono" (RovND-Box) Maker's Tools and Specimens of "Mage- 
 BIONO." (1 set, 18 Articles.) Moipmono are round-boxes and other utensils of 
 daily u.se made by bending wood. (1-4) are materials used in this trade ; (a -17) are 
 •the tools, and (18) is a specimen of Mar/emouo. 
 
 (17.) Tools for Shingle-Roofinc, and Model op Shingle-Roofs. (1 set, 
 3 Articles.) 
 
 The roofs of temples, palaces and houses in our country arc all shingled, either 
 -to be left without anv further elaboration or to be covered over with tiles. There 
 are ^everal classes of shingle-roofs, according to the quality nnd mode of arrungeinent. 
 Another mode of rooting is that of covering with pine-bark (Thiii/a ohtu^n. Bv.nii 
 et Hooke). The model given here is that of ordinary tirst-class .shingle-roof. 
 
 (18.) Tools and JIateuials used in making common lacquer and gold lacquer 
 ■ware. (1 set, 78 Articles.) 
 
 Of this set, the first part consisting of tools (1-20), and materials (1-8) relate to 
 common lacquer work. The second part witii tools (1-43) and materials (1-G) 
 belongs to gold-lacquer. 
 
 (IK.) Models illustrating process of making lacquered box. (1 set, 
 10 Articles.) 
 
 This exhibit gives different steps in the manufacture of a lacquer-box beginning 
 •with pieces of wood (1), and ending with a tinished box (10). 
 
 (20.) Illustrations of Different Stages iu Preparation of Gold-Lacquer. 
 
 This gives six different st^iges iu the preparation of tirst-class raised gold lacquer. 
 
 (21.) Specimens showing process of lacquering sword-cases (scabbards). (1 set, 
 -44 Articles.) 
 
 In feudal days, workmen who lacquered eword-cases, formed a class by them- 
 selves distinct from ordinary workers in huvjuer. But since the abolition of the 
 custom of wearing swords, these handicraftsmen have taken to manufactnrir.g 
 household articles, and their work has acquired the reputjitiou of being very durable 
 and strong. In the present exiiibit, arc siiown the following methods of hic(iuering 
 rsword-cases : — 
 
 A. Plack-Iiacquer Process (1-1''») 
 
 IJ. Hemp-Winding Process (1-H) 
 
 C Stanipiwg Process (!-*') 
 
 D. Corrugating Process ('-4) 
 
 E. Pear-(t round Process (1-4) 
 
 F. Shell In-laying Process (1-*) 
 
 (22.) Specimens of Lacquered Swohd-Casks. (1 set, 39 Articles.) 
 
 There are about 80 to 100 different ways of lacquering sword-cases. The thirty- 
 
 mino specimens in the present set will give some idea in regard to the Unish of 
 
 eword-cases.
 
 22 International Health Exiiihition. 
 
 (23.) Drawing Instkuments, Kaikoghia (Private School of Architechire) Tokio. 
 (1 set, 7 Articles.) 
 
 These instruments are used not only in this school, but luiiversally by Japanese 
 architects. 
 
 (24-28.) Eeference-Books. (35 works, 51 volumes.) 
 
 These are a few specimens of works useful as reference-books in teaching 
 technical arts. 
 
 B. — Models, Plans, and Designs for Fitting-up of Workshops and 
 Industrial Schools. 
 
 ♦(29.) Photographs of main building and wood-work Department of Tokio 
 Shokko-Gakko. (Tokio Technical School.) 
 
 C. — Results of "Work done in Industrial Schools. 
 
 *(30-31.) Calendar of Tokio Shokko-Gakko (in English and Japanese). 
 
 This gives the constitution, regulations, courses of instruction, &c., of this 
 institution. 
 
 (32.) Ki'LES OF Kaikoshia (Private School of Architecture), Tokio. 
 
 (33.) Model of Daimio's Palace, Scale 1-25. Made by students of Kailoshia. 
 
 This model, true to the minutest details, represents the part enclosed within red 
 lines in the next Exhibit (Plan No. 34), and contains the Outer Gate, the Inner 
 Gate, the Public Entrance, and that part of the palace devoted to Reception, 
 Audience, &c., the private apartments not being represented. Such a palace 
 as this model or plan (No. 34) exhibits would be adapted to large and powerful 
 daimios, as Owasri, Kii, Mito (tliese three are called the Sanke'), Tayasu, Hitotsu- 
 bashi, Shimidsu (the Sankio), Yetcliizen and others with an income of over 350,000 
 l-ol:us of rice. For details, see the explanatory account (in Japanese) attached to 
 the Exhibit. 
 
 (84.) Plan of Daimio's Palace. KailosMct. 
 
 (35.) Portfolio of Designs for Ornamental Carving, Kaihoslda. 
 
 (3G.) Portfolio, with methods of using carpenter's square. Kailcoshia. 
 
 (37.) Portfolio of Diagrams of caves-construction. Kailoshia. 
 
 (38.) Portfolio of Diagrams for finding jiroportions of different parts of 
 buildings. Kaihoslda. 
 
 (39.) Portfolio of Drawings of Wood-Construction. Kailcoshia. 
 (40.) Portfolio OF Plans and Elevations. Kailcoshia. 
 (41.) Front Elevation of Pagoda. Kailcoshia. 
 
 Class LIV. 
 Schools for the Blind and for the Deaf and Dumb. 
 
 Although the education of the blind and of the deaf-mute has always been 
 carefully attended to in our country, this has been done mostly in private families. 
 There are at present only three public institutions for these unfortunate members of 
 society, viz. : — the institutions for the blind and the deaf-mute in Kiyoto and Osaka, 
 and the Institute for the Blind in Tokio. Of these, the one in Kiyoto, supported by 
 the city government was the first to be established and is the best equipped. The 
 appliances used there for teaching are well represented in this class, and many of
 
 r 
 
 Japan. —Education Catalog ur. ' 2S 
 
 them will l.e fouiul lo have been devi-seil by the director In a.ldition to ordinary 
 brinchLs of instruction various handicrafts and the art of shampooing are taught 
 also, 80 as to enable scholars to earn their own living in after-lite. 
 
 In our country the better classes among the bl.nd learn music and earn the u 
 livin- bv teaching it or bv playing at entertainm-nts. The poorer practice sham- 
 p^ohr- and acupuncture. " Among the deaf-mut.s the lower classes work as co.nmou 
 workmen It will be seen from the exhibits of the Kiyoto Institu lon that both the. 
 blind ami the deaf-mute, when well taught, are fully capable of being made good 
 artisans. 
 
 A.— Apparatus: and Examples for Teaching. 
 
 (1.) Sketch voprcs.-nting teaching of characters to blind pupils by tr.icing them 
 on palm of hand or back. 
 
 (2.) Raised and Depressed Characters for Blin'd Pupils. 
 
 (.S.) Wax-Board for tracing characters for use of Blind Pupils. 
 
 (4.) Apparatus for marking off proper spaces for characters for use of Blind 
 Pupils. 
 
 (.-,.) Appauatvs for tracing characters by puncturing with sharp point. 
 
 (6.) Writing Apparatus for use of Blind Pupils. 
 (7.) Writing Apparatls for use of Blind Pupils. 
 
 (8 ) Writing Appar-'^tis for use of lUind Pupils. 
 
 The above CKhibits are used either fur the purpose of teaching writing to the 
 blind or for writing by the blind. As the label accompanying each exhibit.. 
 S"ains the methods of using it. they are not given l^^^^^V J'u^^^ftTu'htT 
 our educators who think that Chinese characters are toodifiicult to be taught to 
 the Bhnd, and that some reforms ought to be carried out in this respect. 
 
 (0.) Diagrams representing a :Mode of Counting by the Blind. 
 Each position of fingers relatively to the body represents a number. 
 
 (10.) Ab.\ctjs for use of the Blind. ,. , , , , 
 
 The beads are cut across and made flat on one side so as not to be disturbed by 
 accidental touches of fingers. 
 
 (11.) Calculating Bo.\rd for use of the Blind. 
 
 (12.) Compass for use of the Blind (in Wooden Case). 
 
 (13.) Compass for use of the Blind (in Brass Case). 
 
 (14) DiAGR\MS of Visible Speech for Deaf-Mutcs. 
 
 Althou-h deaf-mutes seldom learn to si)eak, they often become able to under- 
 stand what°other people say when well taught from this chart. 
 
 (15.) Diagrams of Signs for Fifty Sounds of Japanese Syllabary. 
 
 (IG.) Diagrams of Signs to be traced on Palm of Hand. 
 
 (17.) Diagrams of Signs for Fifty Sounds of Japanese Syllabary. 
 
 (IS ) Chart representing the Blind ami the Dcaf-Mute at their Lessons. 
 
 Various modes of arranging blind and deaf-mute scholars in class-rooms have 
 been originated by the Director of the Kiyot.. Institution. 1 bus .ketch ho. 1 in 
 {he cki rrepresents the mode of arranging blind pup Is. and sketch No. 2. tha for 
 mute pupils. In the latter, a dull scholar is placed wit !i a bright scholar, thus 
 alternatin- those of high and low standings, and securing a more uniform progress 
 of a whole Class. Sketch No. 3 represents deaf-mute scholars arranged in a semi- 
 circle.
 
 ^4 International Health Exhibition. 
 
 (19.) Model of Chaib for Shampooing with Figured. 
 (20.) Model of Bed for Shampooing with Figures. 
 
 (21.) Set of Shampooing Appaeatus. 
 
 As shampooing is still extensively practised by the hlind in our country, the art 
 is taught in the Kiyoto Institution where the chair and the bed have hmvever, been 
 used for tlie first time. 
 
 (22.) Illustrations of ditferont stages in teaching blind pupils manufacture of 
 twisted paper ware. Institution for the Blind and the Dcaf-]\[ute, Kiyoto. 
 
 This industry consists in making woven goods and household utensils out of 
 different kinds of paper, and is taught in the Kiyoto Institution to both sexes of the 
 blind. Tlie numbers attached to the articles give various steps in teaching it. 
 To state them briefly : (1) Strips of paper are twisted; (2) The result of the first 
 stHge is braided together into larger and compound threads ; (3) these latter are 
 further braided into household utensils, or (4) they are woven. In (5) are shown 
 <liftgriims of various apparatus used in the manufacture. The course of histruction 
 comprises three-and-a-half years, and those who have gone through it become 
 •^competent hands at the trade. For results of work, see Nos. 39-42 in the present 
 class. 
 
 *(23.) Illustrations of diiFerent stages in teaching deaf-mutes embroidery. 
 Institute for the Blind and the Deaf-mutes, Kiyoto. 
 
 The art of embroidering flowers, animals, and other ornamental designs with 
 various coloured threads is taught to mute-girls in the Kiyoto Institution. The 
 fateps in teaching are given in the present series: (1) and (2) goldthread embroidery; 
 (3) Oranda-embroidery (i.e. Dutch embroidery); (4) Flat-thread embroiHery; 
 
 •(5) Sagara embroidery; (6) Yoseito embroidery; (7) Suga embroidery; (8) Keshi 
 embroidery; (9) is the sketch representing the stand for embroidery and other 
 
 :apparatus. The course of instruction occupies four years, and a fifth is given to 
 practice. For results of work see Nos. 3G and 37 in the present class. 
 
 (24.) Illustrations of different stages in teaching deaf-mutes working in wood. 
 Institution for the Blind and the Deaf-mute, Kiyoto. 
 
 This series illustrates steps in teaching cabinet-making and working in Chinese 
 and Japanese wood to male deaf-mutes. The numbers attached to the articles 
 themselves give the order of instruction: — *(1) wooden pegs are made; (2) soft, and 
 then hard wood is sawed ; (3) and (4) sawed pieces are planed ; *(5) and *(6) boxes 
 are made ; (7) and (8) hard wood is carved and maile into furniture or utensils ; 
 *(9) gives sketches of the apparatus used. Instruction extends over three and a 
 half years. 
 
 *(25.) Illustrations of different stages in teaching deaf-mutes copper-engraving. 
 Institution for the Blind and the Deaf-mute, Kiyoto. 
 
 This series gives stages in teaching male deaf-mutes the art of engraving, and 
 inlaying on, copper; (1) gives some of tiie tools employed; (2) the support on 
 ■whicli the copper piece is fastened to be worked; (3) (4) and (5) are specimens of 
 engraving .and in-lajing, beginning with simple designs or figures and gradually 
 becoming more and more complicated. The course of instruction covers a period of 
 five years. For results of work see Nos. 43 and 44. 
 
 (2G.) Sketch representing blind and deaf-mute. Children at play. Institution 
 for the Blind and the Deaf-mutes, Kiyoto. 
 
 The games are intended to cultivate the senses of the children, especially that of 
 direction in the blind. 
 
 (27.) Raised Wooden " Katakana " Letters, Japanned. 
 
 (28.) Raised " Katakana " Letters of Brick. 
 
 (29.) Rules of Japanese Language for Use of Blind Pupils. (Raised character 
 ■on paper.)
 
 Japan. — Edncatlitn Catalogue. 25 
 
 (30.) D1RKCTION8 for Elementary School Children for Use of Blind Pupil-s 
 (Raised characters ou paper.) 
 
 (31.) ScHOOL-REAPEn for Use of Blind Piipil.'s. (Raised characters on paper.) 
 
 (32.) Set of App.\RATrs for ninking Envelopes. For Use of Blind Pupils. 
 
 The exliibits from No. 27 to No. 32 are teachinp^ appliances from the Institute 
 for the Blind (priviito). Tnkio. In tliis ^^cllOol, music and the manufacture of 
 envelopes are taught. For specimens of work see No. 4tj. 
 
 B. — Specimenii of School WnrJ:. 
 
 (33.) CoMrosiTiov and Writivc. by Blind Pupils. Institution for the Blind 
 and the Deaf-mute, Kiyoto. 
 
 (34.) Compositions and Vkrses by Blind Pupils. Institution for the Blind and 
 the Deaf-mute, Kiyoto. 
 
 (35.) DuAwaNGS by Deaf-mute Pupils. Institution for the Blind and the Deaf- 
 mute, Kiyoto. 
 
 (3G.) Piece of Embroidert (Figure of Deer) by Mute Girls. Institution for the 
 Blind and the Deaf-mute, Kiyoto. 
 
 (37.) Piece of Embroidery (Figures of Peony and Birds) by Mute Girls. Insti- 
 tution for tlie Blind and the Deaf-mute, Kiyoto. 
 
 In tlie above two exhibits, the frame and metal-work are by Mute Boys of the 
 Institution. 
 
 (38.) Stand for Tea Utensils, by Mute Boys. Institution for the Blind and 
 the Deaf-mute, Kiyoto. 
 
 (39.) Bag (Vause), of Woven T^\^STED Paper Goods, by Blind Pupils. 
 Institution for the Blind and the Deaf-mute, Kiyoto. 
 Tlio metal work is by Mute Boys of the Institution. 
 
 (40.) Lunch Basket of Twisted Paper, by Blind Pupils. Institution for the 
 Blind and the Deaf-mute, Kiyoto. 
 
 (41.) Tea-Ccp of Twisted Paper, by Biiiul Pujtils. Institution for tho Blind 
 and the Deaf-mute, Kiyoto. 
 
 (42.) Water Pitcher of Twisted Paper, by Blind Pupils. Institution for the 
 Blind and the Deaf-mnte, Kiyoto. 
 
 (43.) Copper Cake Dish, by Mute Pupils. Institution for the Blind and tho 
 Deaf-mute, Kiyoto. 
 
 (44.) Pair of Copper Jars, by Mute Pupils. Institution for the Blind and tho 
 Deaf-mute, Kiyoto. 
 
 (4.1.) Rattan Fi.oweu Baskets, by Mute Puiiils. Institution for the Blind and 
 the Dtaf-mutc, Kiyoto. 
 
 *(4G.) Envelopes made by Pui)ils of Institute for the Blind, Tokio. 
 
 Class LV. 
 
 Literature, Statistics and Designs relating to Group 6 and to the 
 Effects of " Cramming " and Overwork on the Young, &c. 
 
 In the present class there are brought together the literature and statistics con- 
 ceiTiing Ehnientari- Schools such ns Record-Books of the Elementary School 
 altnchfd to Tokio Normal School, Regulations of the Kindergarten attached to 
 Tokio Female Normal School, and of Elementary Schools in other districts. As 
 pjiglish translations are given in many cases, the visitor is referred to them for 
 details.
 
 26 International Health Exhibition. 
 
 (1-15.) Specimens of Kecords, Statistics, axd Eegistebs of Elementary 
 School attached to Tokio Normal School. (14 Volumes and 1 Chart.) 
 
 (16.) Kegulations of Kindergarten attached to Tokio Female Normal Scliool. 
 
 (17.) Ditto (in English). 
 
 (18.) Examination Questions. Elementary School attached to Tokio Normal 
 School. 
 
 (19.) Regulations for Examinations of School Children. Shizuoka Ken (Pre- 
 fecture). 
 
 (20.) Standard Outlines of the Course of Study for Elementary Schools (in 
 English). 
 
 (21.) Directions for Teachers of Elementary Schools (in English). 
 
 (22.) Eegulations of Elementary School attached to Tokio Normal School. 
 
 (23.) Ditto (in English). 
 
 (2i.) Eegulations of Girls' Elementary School attached to Tokio Female Normal 
 School. 
 
 (25.) Ditto (in English). 
 
 (26.) Course of Study for Elementary Schools. Kiyoto Fu (City Government). 
 
 (27.) Course of Study for Girls' Elementary Schools. Kumamoto Ken (Pre- 
 fecture). 
 
 (28.) Eegulations of Sakurai Female School (private), Tokio. 
 
 (29.) Calendar of Sakurai Female School (private), Tokio. 
 
 (30.) Eegulations of Meirin Female School (private), Tokio. 
 
 (31.) Method of Itinerary Instruction. Sappro Ken (Prefecture). 
 
 Class LVI. 
 Collective Displays of School Work and Appliances. 
 
 The exhibits brought together in the present class are Educational Code and 
 Eegulations, Books and Appliances for higher education, &c., and are calculated to 
 give a general idea of the present state of Education in Japan. 
 
 (1.) Code of Education. 
 (2.) Ditto (in English). 
 
 (3.) Notifications issued by Department of Education during years 1881-1884 
 (10 Volmnes). 
 
 (4.) General Outlines of Education in Japan (in Japanese and English). 
 
 (5.) Ninth Eeport of Minister of Education (1881). 
 
 (6.) Eighth Eeport of Minister of Education (in English). 
 
 All the above exhibits relate to the Educational Code, Eegulations and Eeports,. 
 and the visitor is referred to them for a general aspect of Education in Japan. 
 
 (7-19.) Documents relating to Normal Schools (10 Volumes and 3 Charts). 
 These are Eegulations, Eecords, Statistics, Eeports, &c., and will give an idea of 
 the condition of our Normal Schools. 
 
 (20-24.) Documents relating to Middle Schools (5 Volumes and 1 Chart). 
 These are Eegulations, Eeports, &c., relating to Middle Schools and Higher 
 Schools for Girls.
 
 Japan. — Education Catalogue. 2T 
 
 (25-31.) Documents relating to Professional and Special Schools (9 Volumes). 
 
 Nos. 25-28 are fJcneral Itegulutiona for Medical, Pliarinuoeiitlcal, Agricultural 
 and Commercial Schools, issued by the Depurtiiunt of Education. 
 
 Xo. 21) is the Calendar of Tokio Ctaikoku Gogakko (School of Foreign Lan- 
 guages), for the year 1882-83. 
 
 No. 30 is the Eegulations of Government Schools for Physical Training. No. ."1 
 is the same in English. 
 
 (32-36.) Pamphlets and Docvmexts relating to University of Tokio (5 Volumes). 
 
 (37-58.) Regulations, Statistics, ic, relating to General Educational Matters 
 (12 Volumes ami 10 Charts). 
 
 (59.) Papier JIaclie Anatomical Figure (with Explanatory Notes). 
 
 This anatomical figure was made in the Jlcdical Department of the University 
 of Tokio by S. Kitagawa, under the direction of T. Iniada, Assistant Professor in that 
 Institution. In many respects it is superior to such figures hitherto made. Half of 
 it can be opened freely and parts like the brain and eye can be taken apart in many 
 different places. For detailed information, see the Explanatory Notes attached to it. 
 
 (60.) Specimens op Vegetable Poison.s. (1 Case.) These have been prepared 
 from poisonous plants of our country by the Professor of Chemistry and Pharmacy 
 in the jNIedioal Department of the University of Tokio. No. Gl of the present class 
 is the memoir in German on these Poisons. 
 
 All the exhibits from No. 01 to No. 85 inclusive are works published by the 
 University of Tohio. As English translations accomimny many of them, the visitor 
 will be able to gather at once what they treat of. 
 
 (61.) Phytochemischen Notizen iiber einige Japanischc Pflanzen. (In Cferman. 
 1 Volume). 
 
 (02.) Shell ilounds of Omori. (i Volume.) 
 
 (63.) Ditto (in English. 1 Volume; 
 
 (64.) Reports on the Meteorology of Tokio for 1879-80. (2 Volumes.) 
 
 (05.) Ditto (in English. 1 Volume). 
 
 (66.) Geology of the Environs of Tokio. (I Volume.) 
 
 (67.) Ditto (in English. 1 Volume). 
 
 (68.) ^loasurements of the Force of Ciravity at Tokio and the Summit of Fuji 
 (in English. 1 Volume). 
 
 (69.) Chemistry of Sake Brewing. (I Yolinnc.) 
 
 (70.) Ditto (in English. 1 Volume.) 
 
 (71.) "Wave Lengths of some of the Trineipal I'raunhofer Linos of the Solar 
 Spectrum (in Engli.sh. 1 Volume). 
 
 (72.) Earthquake Measurements (in Knglisli. 1 ^'()Iumc). 
 
 (73.) Measurements of the Force of (iravity at Sappro (in English. 1 Volume)- 
 
 (74.) Okadaira Shell Mound in Ilitaehi (in English. 1 Volume). 
 
 (75.) Geology of Northern Hitachi (in English. 1 Volume). 
 
 (76.) Tables for the Detcnnination of Minerals. (1 Volume.) 
 
 (77.) Short Notice of Japanese Minerals. (1 \'nlunie.) 
 
 (78.) Handbook of Metallurgy. (1 Volume.) 
 
 (79.) Dictionary of Philosophical Terms. (1 VoUnue.)
 
 "28 International Health ExJiibition. 
 
 (80.) Gakugei Shirin. A Monthly Journal of Science and Art. (1881-4. 7 
 "Volumes). 
 
 (81.) Comparative Tables of Japanese, English, and French Weights and 
 Measincs. (1 Volume.) 
 
 (82.) Catalogue of Plants in Botanical Garden, University of Tokio. 2nd Part. 
 «(1 Volume.) 
 
 (83.) Table showing Results of Experiments on Japanese Timber. 
 
 (84.) Report on Analysis of Drinking Water of Tokio. (1 Volume.) 
 
 (85.) Table showing Results of Experiments performed on Japanese Timber, 
 Bricks, and Copper Wires by Students ia Engineering (in English. 1 Volume). 
 
 The Exhibits from No. SG to No. 10.3 inclusive are theses or abstracts of theses 
 ■presented by Students in Chemistry to the Rector of the University of Tokio, on 
 their graduation. Only those treating of subjects likely to be of interest to foreigners 
 have been placed here. 
 
 (86.) On Japanese Pigments, by T. Takamatsu. 
 
 <87.) On Shoyu, by T. Isono. 
 
 •■(88.) Chemistry of Copper Smelting in Japan, by T. Nakasawa. 
 
 (89.) Japanese Dyeing and Printing (Abstract), by M. Kuhara. 
 
 «(90.) Japanese Tea and Tobacco (Abstract), by J. Takayama. 
 
 •,(91.) Japanese Starch-giving Materials (Abstract), by S. Ito. 
 
 '(92.) Japanese Indigo (Abstract), by T. Ishido. 
 
 (93.) Soils and Manure (Abstract), by M. Hida. 
 
 (94.) Japanese Method of Sugar-Making (Abstract), by K. Ota. 
 
 (95.) Jai^anese Fuels (Abstract), by Y. Kitamura. 
 
 •(96.) Japanese Tanning Materials (Abstract), by G. Ishikawa, 
 
 '(97.) Japanese Alloys (Abstract), by I. Hisata. 
 
 ■ (98.) Salt Manufacture in Jajian (Abstract), by K. Tachibana. 
 
 (99.) Japanese Materials for Bottle-Glass (Abstract), by Y. Tokoroya. 
 
 (100.) Japanese Camphor Oil (Abstract), by H. Oishi. 
 
 (101.) Japanese Materials for Ultramarine and Prussian Blue (Abstract), by K. 
 Iwabuchi. 
 
 (102.) Japanese Sea-weeds (Abstract), by T. Kato. 
 
 (103.) Banko Wares (Abstract), by T. Uyeda. 
 
 Tlie exhibits from Nos. 104 to 125 inclusive relate to Tokio Normal School and 
 Tokio Female Normal School. Both of tliese institutions have been established by 
 tlie Department of Education. In the first, two courses are provided, the one fitting 
 teachers for Middle Schools, and the otlier for Elementary Schools. In addition, 
 a Boys' Elementary School is attached. In Tokio Female Normal School, pupils are 
 iitted to be teachers in girls' elcmentaiy schools. To the Schools are appended also 
 Higlier School for Girls, Girls' Elementary School, and a Kindergarten. The school 
 exhibits arranged here are apparatiis for teaching, text-books published by these 
 -schools, and specimens of woi'k of the NoiTaal students and those of the Higher 
 Girls' School. 
 
 (104.) Reversible Benches. Tokio Normal School. This .seats two persons in 
 front and two i^ersons behind. When occasion requires it, the front seat can be 
 acversed and gradually brought up in front of the persons in the back seat, making 
 ■desks for those two. This was devised by S. Izawa, formerly Princiiml of Tokio 
 Normal School.
 
 Japan. — Education Catalogue. 29» 
 
 7l05^)~I3ox OF Ink-Stone for India-Ink, with Accessories, for xisc of Students.. 
 Tokio Femule School. 
 
 (lOG.) Box OF Ink-Stonk for Red Ink, with Accessories, for nse of Teachers. 
 Tokio Feuiftle Nonuiil School. 
 
 (107-112.) Textbooks AND Coi'Y-BooKS published by Tokio Normal School (G- 
 Works with l!S Yoluims). 
 
 These have been compiled or translated in Tokio Normal Schoil. and relate to 
 Writing, Arithmetic and History. They are extensively used in other schools. 
 
 (113-125.) Si'KCiMENs OF "Work done by Stndents of Tokio Nonual School and of 
 Tokio Female Normal School (incUuling Higher School for Girls). 
 
 Here are brought together examination papers, maps, compositions and^ other 
 specimens of work^done bv the students of tlie institutions nanud above. No. US 
 i.s i sketch representing female students attending lessons in making tea, arrangmg 
 tlowt rs and playing on Koiu (a musical instrument)— accomplishments taught alou<r 
 with other domestic arts. . , . , . ^ .1 rr , • i-. i *• 1 
 
 The exhibits from Nos. 12(5 to Vi'^ inclusive relate to the Tokio J-Alucational 
 JIuseum, established by the Department of Education to promote facilities of education. 
 The Museum contains collections of Scliool Appliancs and Apparatus, of Physical 
 and Chemical Instruments, of Animals. Plants and Minerals, besides a well-stocked 
 library of literary, scientific and educational works, and is opi-n daily to the public. 
 To mention one or two splieres of usefulness wiiicli tlie institution has marked out 
 for itself, it undertakes, at the request of schools distant from tlic capital, to select 
 • 'ood and reliable phvsical and chemical apparatus, and to send them to the desired 
 focalitv-, for the introduction of such apparatus in teaching is of a recent date and 
 schools would be puzzled to know how to choose. Again the Museum makes up and 
 distributes at tlie lowest prices possible sets of Natural History specimens, as tliis- 
 task involves collecting specimens far and near at various seasons, and cannot be 
 easily undertaken by private individuals. 
 
 (12(5.) Photogkai'U of Tokio Educational McsEisr. 
 
 (127.) PHOToGUArH OF GuouxDs OF ToKio Educational Museum, with Library 
 Building in View. 
 
 (128-133.) Regulations, C.vtalogues, and Guides. Tokio Educational Museum. 
 
 (134-192.) WouKs published by Department of Education. (59 Works with li>(; 
 Yoluiiies.) The Department of Education not only undertakes the publication of 
 elementary text-books as shown in (.'lass 48, Nos. 110-135, but also emidoys. 
 specialists to compile or translate text-books in special branches of higher education 
 or reference-lwoks for the use of the educational profession, as shown in the present 
 series of exhibits. Tlu' number of works thus published now amounts to 1G7 books- 
 (with a total of 740 volumes) and 83 maps and charts. Tliese are distributed gratia 
 to public schools, libraries, and museums, and are also sold to private individuals at 
 low prices, 'i'hus the department hopes to develope gradually higher as well as. 
 elementary education. . 
 
 The exhibits from No. 1'.I3 to No. 205 inclusive relate to the Tmtilute of Mtisic. 
 This is a i)art of the Department of Education established a few years since to- 
 make inquiries into musical matters in general, to select and compile songs and their 
 notes for schools, to examine the methods of teaching them, and to undertake tho 
 improvenu-nts of popular music. To earry out these ol)jects, the Institute has a 
 certain number of students training in various special branches of music, who, it is 
 hoped, will become competent in future to examine into musical matters, and to muk(! 
 improvements in our mubic. The Institute also sends out teachers to Tokio Normal 
 School and Tokio Female Normal Sehool to teach singing and playing on koto,. 
 - organ, &c. On this account, not only European but Japanese musical instrument* 
 shown in Nos. 203 and 204 are usid in the Institute, and difterences in various- 
 musical scales are investigated. For results of such work, see the charts shown lu 
 Nos. 105 and 10(5; also for the history and constitution of tho Institute, see tho 
 calendar (No. 101).
 
 50 International Health Exldhition. 
 
 (193.) Photograph of Institute op Music. 
 
 (194.) Calendar of Institute of Music (in English). 
 
 (195.) Charts showing tuning of classical musical instruments (i rolls). 
 
 (196.) Charts showing tuning of popular musical instruments (4 rolls). 
 
 (197.) Collection of Songs for elementary schools. 
 
 (198.) Charts of Songs for elementary schools. 
 
 (199.) Stand for Charts. 
 
 (200.) Mason's National Music Eeader (in Jajmnese). 
 
 (201.) Callcott's Grammar of Music (in Japanese). 
 
 (202.) Yousses' Catechism of Music (in .Japanese). 
 
 (203.) Classical Musical Instruments. 
 
 These comprise eight instruments : (1) Shu, (2) Hichiriki, (3) Riuteki (a flute), 
 (4) Komabuye (literally, Corean flute), (5) Kagurabuye (literally, flute for sacred 
 music), (6) Wa-gon (literally, Japanese Koto) with Kotoji (bridges) and jjlectrum, (7) 
 Koto with Kotoji (bridges) and nail-ivories, (8) Biwa with plectrum. 
 
 (204.) Popular Musical Instruments. 
 
 These comprise four instruments : (I) Koto witli Kotoji (bridges) and nail-ivorios, 
 4T) Shiamisen with plectrum, (3) Kokiu (violin) Avith bow, (4) Shiakuhachi. 
 
 (205.) Examination Papers by students of Institute of Music. (5 Volumes.)
 
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