ifornia
'n
ty
THE LIBRARY
OF
THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA
LOS ANGELES
GIFT OB
William B. Vasels
THE
ITINERARY
O F
JOHN LE LAND
THE
A N T I CLU ART.
In NINE VOLUMES.
The SECOND EDITION: Collated and Improved
from the Original MS. With the Addition alfb
of a General Index.
OXFORD: Printed at the THEATRE;
For JAMES FLETCHER, Bookfeller in the Tur/,
And JOSEPH POTE, Bookfeller at ETON.
MDCCXLV.
DA
410
Ls-sl
T .
Imprimatur,
tf I SHAM,
Vice-Can. Ox ON,
Sept. 28.
ADVERTISEMENT
Relating to this SECOND EDITION.
OX ON. Sept.$o th . I74J.
MR. THOMAS HEARNE in 1710. and the
following Years, publi/hed at the Prefs of
this Univerfity, One Hundred and Twenty
Copies of the Itinerary of Mr. John Leland, in Nine
fmall Volumes j This Number not being fufficient to
anfwer the Demand of the Curious, has conftantly occa-
(ioned them to be Sold at an exceeding great Price,
and indeed but rarely to be met with at any Rate.
It has been judged proper therefore to reprint this
Edition of Mr. H EARN E'S; and as Omiffions and Mi-
ftakes were known to have efcaped the firft Notice of
that induftrious Editor, the Original MS. has been
re-examined with the moft ftrid Care, and many
Places been fupplied and amended, which in this Edi-
tion will be found at the bottom of each Page, and
diftinguifhed by Numerals.
It is to be remark'd farther, that the firft Part of
Mr. H E A R N E'S Eighth Volume contain'd Supplements to
the firft Seven, and that at the End of the Ninth
Volume, He alfb added a Review of the whole Work,
whereby he rectified fome Miftakes, and fupplied many
Omiflions, which farther Opportunity and his well-
known Induftry furnifhed him with ; Thefe it has been
now judged proper to infert in their refpedive Places,
agreeable to Mr. H EARN E'S intentions, had they came
time enough to his hands, as he exprefTes it in the Preface
to the laft Volume.
In this prefent Edition alfo, are feveral Additions;
viz. An extract fupplied from Mr. Stowe, in the Third
Volume, pag. 119. Another from the fame, in the
Fourth Volume, pag. 1 26. An Account of the Infcrip-
tions ofMelburv &c. in the Eighth Volume, pag. 48.
And at the end of the Ninth Volume, will be found a
i See the Advertifemcn: and Dire&ioni at the beginning of the Eighth
Volume.
fmall
871G4G
fmall Fragment of the Itinerary from the Cotton Library,
which had efcaped Mr. H E A R N E'S knowledge. It
has alfo been judged proper to make One General
Index to the whole Work, believing it will be a pecu-
liar Advantage to this Edition, and a great Eafe and
Benefit to the Learned Reader. Thefe juft and ufeful
Improvements admitted, Mr. HEARNE'S Edition has
been faithfully followed, and as the Undertakers had
pofTeffion alfo of the Original Plates, they cannot but
perfwade Themfelves this prefent Publication will be
moft acceptable to the Curious.
AT. B. The Number of Copies now Printed, is only
Three Hundred and Fifty ; of which, Fifty are Printed
on a Superfine Royal Paper.
OXON. Sept. 30 th . 174?.
This Day is alfo reprinted and publiflied,
JOANNIS ROSSI ANTIQlJARII WARWICENSIS
Hiftoria, Regum Angl'iA. E Codice MS. in Bibliotheca
Bodleiana defcripfit , Notifque & Indice adornavit
THO. HEARNIUS, A. M. Oxonienfis. Accedit
JOANNIS LELANDI Antiquani N&nia in Mortem
Henrici Duddelegi Equitis ; cui praefigitur Teftimo-
nium de LELANDO amplum & prxclarum hadienus
ineditum. E THEATRO SHELDONIANO ; Impenfisy^r.
Fletcher Oxonienfis, & Jof. Pote Etonenfis, Bibliopo-
larum.
N. B. In the Year 1716. Mr. HF.ARNE published
Sixty Copies only of this Author. The Number now
Printed is the fame as Leland, Three Hundred fmall,
and Fifty Royal Paper.
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J,
THE
ITINERARY
JOHN LELAND
THE
A NT I QJJ A R Y.
VOL. THE FIRST.
Publifh'd from the Original MS. in the
BODLEIAN LIBRARY
By THOMAS HEARNE M. A.
To which is prefix'd
M r . L E L A N D'S New-Teafs Gift:
And at the end is fubjoyn'd
A Difcourfe concerning fome Antiquities lately found in
YORK-SHIRE.
The SECOND EDITION.
OXFORD,
'rinted at the T H E A T E R for James Fletcher, Bookfeller
in the Turl ; and Jofeph Pote, Bookfeller at Eaton.
MDCCXL1V.
,:jE -P-ITS E
. <
De illuftribus Anglia fcriptoribus pag. 747.
fub an. MDLII. in vita
J04NNIS LELANDI
A N T I Q_U A R I I.
Quantum Rhenano debet Germanta dodo,
Tantum debebit terra Brit Anna mihi.
Ille fuse gentis ritus & nomina prifca,
Aftivo fecit lucidiora die.
Ipfe antiquarum rerum quoqae magnus amatoi^
Ornabo patris lumina clara meae.
Quae quum prodierint niveis infcripta tabellis,
Turn teftes noftras fedulitatis erunt.
The (aid Ver|es made either by himfelf, as the ftyle
/heweth (faith Pits) or elfe by fome other in his name,
were annex'd to Mr. L E L A N D'S Monument, in the
Church of Sr. Michael in le Querne, London, as Mr.
Wcever (Fun. Mon. p. dp 2.) had it by Tradition.
THE
PREFACE.!
. I. "WF we give ourfehes the trouble ofinfpetting
and examining the federal Catalogues that Qur more ^
J have been made of the Works of our Bntith however induftriom in
"^ Writers, wejhattfnd that notwithjlanding recording the feveral
the great Variety which this Kingdom has in all Ages Tranfatiiont of this
froduc'd, yet very few, If any, took care to give ut 5iiiti7r B ^f. re f
particular Defcriptions of it. They we~e always fun- ^tf us tS.r
ttual tofet down in Books prepard for that purpofe Dtfcriptiom of it.
the feveral Tranfa&ions, both Ecclefiaftical and Ci-
vil , that pafe'd in this Kingdom, as well as in many other
Places ; but then as to a Survey of />, they contented them-
felves with general and loofe Accounts^ fueh as that -which
Jlands at the beginning of Bede's Ecclefiaftical Hiftory j a.
Defcription very flight and mean //' compar'd with the other
Excellent Performances of that Great Man : and yet as flight
and inconfiderable as it /V, it has been made life of by the
Compilers of the Saxon Chronicle, asieeU as by others ; and
I have feen it in fame MSS. by it felf^ -without the leaft
Notice taken that Bede -was the original, true Author of it.
The reafon perhaps -why the Monks -were deficient in this Task
was their Confinement to their refpeclive Societies ; by which
they were incapacitated for travelling and making fuch Obfer-
vations as -were abfolutely neceffary for a juit and faithful
Defcription of the Ifle. Had they been left at liberty , and been
indulged by fame Powerful Patrons, there is no doubt but they
would have p erf or md fuch a Work -with the utmofl exadt-
nefs. We have reafonto think thus of them front what appears
in the Monafticon, and in other Books, -with refpefl to the
Lands belonging to each Religious Houie ; in accounting for
which they us'd a more than ordinary exadlnefs, and were
never been made either by the Kings and Princes to whom at-
tributed^ or by any other Benefactors, for which reafon thofe
a z in
ii THEPREFACE.
in Ingulfus, as well as fevcral others, have been catt'd into
qyeftion and judg'd to he fpurious. But however their Con-
cern and Regard for the Good and Benefit of their Societies,
and the hindering of Enemies from invading their Lands and
infringing their Privileges, might induce and ffur them on to
make Juch unto arr ant ahle Attempts, yet in other Points they
religioufly kcp t to the Rules of Juftice, and as they -were a-
Rainfl breaking in upon /^Territories of their Neighbours.
jo they were very careful to maintain their oven undoubted^
Titles, and for that end kept e\2& Regifters of the federal
Lands, Houfes, Tenements, and of every thing elfe that be-
long' d to each Society ; of which we have an admirable Ex-
ample in the large Book of this kind drawn up for the ufe of
Leycefter Abbey by William Charitee, and intitled by him
Rentale Novum Generale, the Original whereof is now prc-
Jerv'd in the Bodlejan Library^ in which Place I have likewise
feen a Copy of fame fart of it.
. i. It mujl however be acknowledged that Gyral-
what Gyrnidut C*m- dus Cambrenfis made a Defcription not only of Ire-
*?."%. f 1 .*!* of land, whither he was fent over by King Henry II. as
fu, n e d /:i a ,, 8r and Secretary to his Son John, but likewise of his Native
not to be rely'd on. Country c number of the three Diftindions into
FORDM55. Mi/) of which divided] for three Days together before the
Scotland, at the End of Univerfity of OXFORD, with the higheft Applaufe :
a MS of Hardy's after which 'twas differs' d abroad^ and divers Copies
chronicle. v>fe ta j. en ^ t ^ at y e } n g the ufual way of publifking
Books in thofe Times, when none were permitted to be tran-
fcrib'd and exposed 'till they had receiv d, by fitch a publick
Recital, the Approbation of the belt Judges ; muck after the
fame manner that Herodotus'* Hiftory was read publickly at
the Great Olympic Games, where it was fo wellreceivd as to
be calFd by the names of the nine Mufes, not to mention other
Excellent Books that vndtrwent the fame Teft before they
were dijlributed about. But though Gyi aldus mufl be acknow-
ledgd to have done by thefe two Books very eminent Service,
yet his Accounts for the mo ft part are far from being accu-
rate or to be relfd upon. They are full of fabulous and in-
credible Relations, agreeable to the Humour of that Age ; and
to pleafe the Readers the better he took care to infert the
Pictures of the ftrange Animals and Cuftoms^e describes, be-
ing more foUicitous in that Affair, than in the other more ma-
terial and profitable one, the exact Dimenfion of the Coun-
tries and the ftate and ufeful Produces thereof. let even
thefe
THE PREFACE, in
thefe other Accounts had keen much better if they had been left
tedious, and if he had dwelt longer upon the other Part, and
endeavour d to have feparated Truth from Falfhood. But to
make fame amends for this^ it feems he made alfo a Map of
Ireland a. : and perhaps he might do the like for Wales j
which , iffff 9 was a piece of Service equal to the former. But
whether there be any Map in any of the Copys now exftant
done from his Survey, is to me altogether uncertain, hailing
not had f exquifite Learning and clear Judg- ]^S| lV f' J^ a 'J?
ment would have given Sufficient fatisfattion to all ]^urence- waltham"\n
People if a fatal flop had not been put to his further '
Progrefs by a Diftemper God was pleas' d to h '
* De Synedriis lib. III. c. 14. . 9. where the figure of the
Marble is put alfo, and ought to be compar'd with the Ac-
count given of it by the learned Dr. Prideaux in the Marmora
Oxonienjta. In a MS. Letter I have feen of his. In the
common Editions of Hefychius 'tis Tew^n ft*. Nor is this Paf-
fage correded either by Hen. Stephens in the MSS. Notes by his
own Hand in a Copy of Hefychius in the Bodlejan Library^
that came out at Venice in MDXIV. or in Meurfw de Ludis
Graeorum under TATPEJH A A* y Athen. Qxon. Vol. I.
col. 62.
Vol. I, b km
viii THE PREFACE.
him with, -which he was never able to Jhake off, votwithfiand-
ing all the Methods prefirib'd htm by the molt Eminent Phy-
ficians and his beft Friends. I /ball not here fet down the
feveral Titles of thofe large Works he had propos'd, becaufe
that has been done much better by himfelf in a little Difcourfe,
calVd his New- Year's Gift, presented by him to King Henry
VIII. which Ijhall therefore publtjh at the End of this Preface
from the Original MS. and note down fame of the Variations
'that are bet-ween if and the Copy taken by the Care of Mr.
William Burton *, as likewise bet-ween the other Editions of
it that tcere fet out by Mr. John Bale /3, Ralph Brook y and
John Weever ^. Amongft thefe Books we may obferve that
he had made exact Draughts as he travelled of each County,
which he intended to have improved into a moft accurate and
compleat Map of all England ; which as it was to have been
fold leparate, fo it was alfo to have went along, and been
bound up, with his Defcription of England, a Work that
would be of more general Life and of more lafting Honour.
What would have rendered this Defcription more grateful to
Men vers'd in ancient Authors, and inclind to the love of
Antiquities, is this, that he would have reftor'd the corrupted
Names of Places in old Authors, and have fupply'd a great
many Lacunae in them, particularly in Antoninus'* Itinerary,
whereof, 'tis likely, he had procur'd fome very Ancient MSS.
Copies, though lofi foon after, when, at the Diffolution, there
was fuch a ftrange and miferable Havock made of Books.
We cannot but be very fenjible of the ufe fuch old Copies
would be of in rectifying fuch Places , if we do but consider
what has been done by the Help of them by Surita and our
"Learned Country-man Dr. Gale. I cannot however but here
take notice that whereas Dr. Gale hat fpent feveral Words
about the true Reading of this Paflage in the fecond Journey of
Antoninus, A BLATO BULGIO CASTRA EXTLORA-
T o R u M, and gives feveral Conjectures about A BLATO
B u L c I o, I think that there is no reafon to doubt that, with-
* 'Tis prefix'd to the Tranfcript of fome Parts of Mr. Le-
land's Itinerary that he gave to the BodlejanLibrary. ft Lond.
MDXLIX. 8vo. to which Mr. Bale added Annotations, and
ARegifter of the Names of the Englifli Writers that the fecond
Part of his Work, de Scriptohbus Britannise, Jhatt comprehend.
y Printed in MDXCIV. 4-to. at the End or his Difcovery of
certain Errours publifh'd in print in the much commended Bri-
tannia, f In pag. 688. of his excellent "Book call'd, Ancient
funeral Monuments, &c. Lend. MDCXXXI. fol.
out
T H E P R E F A C E. ix
out adding or taking away afmgle Letter, AB LATO BUL-
G i o is the true, genuine Reading. Forfo Ifnd 'twas writ-
ten in an old MS. the Ledtions whereof are fut down by fame
Learned Hand in one of our Bodlejan Copies o/'Surita's Edi-
tion ; yet this Obfervation is unhappily mifs'd in the Improve-
ments that wsre lately made to Dr. Gale's Annotations. The
firft MSS. were written in Capitals, without any Diitinction
of one Word from another^ and there is no wonder that after-
wards^ whenfach Diftindtions came to be made^ divers Mif-
takesjbou/d fall out. What confirms this Ledtion is the Signi-
fication of Bulgium, which is the fame with the Britifh er
Welch t Bwlch, i. e. incile or seftuarium. The Epithet latum
was added to diftinguijh it from other letter ^Eftuaries. The
Romans turnd Bwlch into Bulgium, that it might fuit better
with their Pronunciation. 'Tis what they did in other Words
that were otherwise purely Britifh. That latum was added
for the reafon alledg'd feems alfo evident from the Name
that this Place ( Boulnefs is the modern Name ) goes by in
Anonymus Ravennas, (printed at the End of Dr. Gale's An-
toninus, ) where 'tis catt'd /3 M A G N I s ; though others think
that this has reference rather to Antoninus'* C A s T R A.
Now as from this Inftance corrupted Words in Antoninus
Hamp-
mofl large and mofl considerable Cities of Britain, whilft the
Romans continu'd here , and yet we find it omitted in the
eighth Journey between V E N T A BELGARUM and C A L-
LEVA ATREBATUM, which without queftion was exflant
in the Original, in which none of the chief Places were left
out. Be fides , it occurrs afterwards in the fifteenth Journey ; which
plainly Jhews that 'tis dropp'd in the eighth. Not only Places
of greater moment were Jet down^ but fometimes thofe oflefs
confideration, efpecially if they were Forts and lay convenient
for the Souldiers in their PafTage to the more eminent Stations.
And this gives me occajion to mention a Difcovery in our En-
gliih Antiquities that was made lately. About if or 16 Tears
Jince as they were ploughing in a Field near the Manner of
Feens (in Berk-fliire) jituate and being in the Parifh of White-
Waltham or Abbots- Waltham ( that formerly belong d to the
mofl ancient Benedidtine Abbey of Cnertfey in Surrey ) they
grated upon the Ruines of an old Building ; upon which Per-
fons were imploy'd feveral days to <%, it being thought ( Of
See Dr. DaviSs Welch Dictionary, ft Pag. 146.
b ^ ufual
THE PREFACE.
vfual ufoft fuch Occ ajions] that fome large and valuable Trea-
fures might be found ; but token nothing elfe but Stones, fome
of which were vaftly large, and very artificially laid, appeared,
except a few Brais Pieces, they gave over the Project, and
jince the Place has been almoft if not quite cover' d a^ain with
Earth. Before I came to the Univerfity I view'd the Place
m J fetfy ^ u * being not then in any capacity of framing a "Judg-
ment either of this or any other Antiquities, and having not^
fmce that tim?, had a proper opportunity of viewing it anew,
/ cannot from my own Obfervations pretend to determine whe-
ther or no it be really the Remains of a Roman Monument.
What therefore I have to fay upon this occasion depends upon,
the Information of another Perfon, whom I do and ought al-
ways to hono.-r. Difcourfing with him upon this Subject, he
was pleas'd to ajfure me 'that the Stones I have mention d a-
gree with fuch Artificial Stones as he finds from his Reading
were certainly mads by the Roman c , and the Broken Tiles,
fcatterd i/p and down the Ground in no fmall quantity, he
fays, are like thofe in Weycock, (in the Parifli of Laurence-
Waltham) about a Mile Weftward from this Place, and others
that appear in good plenty alfo in a Clole call'd Berry-Grove,
at a little dijiance from White-Waltham Church. Thefe muft
be allowed to be good Tokens of Antiquity j yet they are not
fufficient Proofs to Jhew either this near Feens or that in
Berry-Grove to have been a Roman Work. That of Weycock
was without difpute fuch a Work , ( and perhaps was once in
Antoninus) there having been ( as there are now continually]
great Numbers of Coyns ploughed up by the Husbandmen to
confirm it j and 'twas from this Evidence that Mr. Camden
hasfa'd^ that 'twas a Roman Fort. Such Evidence Hike-
wife requir'd with refpeft to this Building. Upon which I was
inform 'd from the fame Friend that there had been divers Ro-
man Coyns of Brafs taken up in Feens Ground, bat that the
Workmen, thinking them to be of no moment, either threw
them away, or elfe difpers'd them in obfcure Hands ; fo that
be has not^ after the ftri&eft Inquiry, been able to obtain a
fght of one of them. For which reafon we cannot proceed with
fo much fccurity in laying down opinions about the Antiquity
of the Place, as we mizht, were it certain and without doubt
that there have been fuch Coyns discover d. Such Evidence
vould manifeftly prove that the Bricks lying up and down are
Roman, at likewife it wou j d if the like Evidence could be pro-
due d for Berry-Grove and fome other Places. 'Twould be of
Brit. p. 107. Ed. opt.
THE PREFACE, xi
no fmaU weight too if any of thefe Fragments had any Infcri-
Inforrnadon which came from the Workmen yxmfelvts ) that
feveral Coyns of this nature have been dug up at this Building,
then we may juftly allow that 'tif not o?ily of very great Anti-
quity, hut that 'twas eretfed by the Romans themselves during
their Refidence in the Ifle. It might withal have been a fmaU
Fort, though 0/lefs note than that at Weycock, and been
likew'rfe inserted in Antoninus. Being of lefs Account we
ought not to exjpec~l fuch a number of Coyns to be dug up at
it. For the Romans upon deserting the Kle hid a vaft Quan-
tity of their Treafure under Ground, and 'tis to that Acci-
dent we are partly to attribute the large Numbers that are
feme-times found together in Pots and other Veffels. Of this
we have exprefs Authority from the Saxon Chronicle under
the Tear CCCCXVIII. Hep Romane jeromno&on eal ^
golbhopt) Jc on Bnycene j>aeron.] fume on eop=San ahyb&on.
^ hy raems mon rrS'San pir.&an ne meahce.] jrume mi&
him on Jjallia lae&bon : This was always look'd upon as the
beft Remedy in fuch Calamities, especially if there was any
profpett of a new Revolution ; and the bigger the Towns
were the Treafure was fo much the larger y and they were more
foUicitous about fecur'mg it, and confequently more Coyns are
difcover'd in and about fuch Towns as were of more conjider-
able note. By gcl&hoj)t> in this Pafiage we are probably to un~
derfland their Gold, Silver, and Brafs Money j notwithftand-
ing 'tis commonly reflraind to the firfl. Now Vindomis or
Silchefter, and Calleva or Henly, being both noted Towns
and of great Sway, and fituated at no large Diftance, 'tis no
wonder they had other lefler Towns and Fortifications de-
pending upon them^ which might in time of Neceffity contribute
very much to their Defence. That at Feens lay in the Road
between CALLEVA and P o N T E S, and 'tis likely was one
of the refting Places for the Souldiers in their Travels between
both. P o N T E s is the fame that is now catt'd Colebrooke,
and it receiv'd it's Name from the four Branches of the River
Cole. They alfo ftopp'd Jbmetimes at Weycock, the Road
alfo running by it^ and in all likelyhood the firft Syllable was
occafiond by /?, pas^; fignifytng a Way or Journey amongfl the
Saxons. The latter Syllable is nothing but the Saxon Coppe,
that denotes the Top of any thing, and will well enough an-
Syntagm. Infcript. pag. a8i, 303.
firet
xii T H E P R E F A C E.
fwer to the Hill In this Place. This I take to be a more na-
tural Derivation than fic-rtop, which I pitched upon form-
erly i. Now iftheRozd -scent l>y tkefe Places in this indirect
manner, and not as it lyes at this day, we foall then be able
to account with eafe for the dijlance of Miles between C A L-
L E v A and P o N T E S as represented, in Antoninus. He
reckons them to be xxn. whereas there are only xvm. accord-
ing to the prefent Road ; but if the Way lay indirect ( as the
other Ways amongfl the Romans did} and the Souldiers y?0/tf
at thefe lefler Places, the addition of Miles will be fo confi-
derable as to rife to the full Number in Antoninus, especially
if they likewise calTd ehker at the Town in Berry-Grove, ( if
there really were any fuch Town there , as the name fifeems to
import ) or fame other like Places. But I (hall not infift any
longer upon this j nor had I dwelt on it Jo long, were it not
to fhew by ajt Inftance or two what Improvements we might
have e-xfpetHed from Mr. Leland, had it pleas' d God to con-
tinue his Health 'till fuch time as he had compleated thofe Ex-
cellent Works he had begun ; and I thought that fuch In-
ftances might Cerve a little to evince that Antoninus is very
imperfect and full 0/defects, as may alfo appear from the MS .
that was formerly in pojfejjion of the famous Ifaac Voffius.
. 6. Mr. Leland having ejlablijh'd a lafting Re-
The Ftteof his Pa- putation, as foon as he died (which happen' d the i8th
pa* afcer his Death, O f A {[ in MDLII y ) large Propofals were made by
publilWngTi Hine- fivers learned and curious Men for the Purchafe of
rarj and the Method his Papers , and thofe that could get any of them
obferv'dinir. thought they had obtain 3 d a Treafure. Not only Men
flower Quality, but Persons of the higheft Rank ad-
mir'd his diflfufive Learning, which he knew how to manage to
the beft Advantage, being Matter of an elegant Latin ftyle^ and
endued with an accurate Judgment. Even King Edward VI.
exprefs'd a deep Concern for his Lofs, and to fliew that he
had a true refpeft and value for him^ and for the Collections
be had made, he took all due care that his Papers Jhould be
prefervd and not imploy'd to any bad purpofe. Accordingly his
Majefty commanded his Tutor Sir John Ciieek ( one of the
* In a Letter containing an Account of fome Antiquities
between Windfor and Oxford^ printed in the Memoirs for the
Curious for the Month ot November MDCCVIII. ft Byri, or
Bypig, is the fame with Bup^e, or Bupg, i. e. urbs^ civitas^
a. Fort^ Fortrefs, &c. and thence Bery^ an Habitation, y Athen.
Oxon. Vol. I. col. 70.
greatejl
THE PREFACE. xm
great eft Lights to Learning * that -was ever bred in this Na-
tion ) to take them into his Cuftody. Theft Commands were
moft punctually obferv'd^ and^ I fuppofe, a fuitable Gratuity
teas made for them to his Brother , call'd John Leland Senior,
who had the care of him after he fell into that deplorable
Calamity and Diftemper that I have before fpoke of. By this
mean! Sir John became feiz'd of far the largell Parcel of this
Great Man's Writings, which he carefully read over^ extracted
many things from tkem^ and 'tis likely he would have digefied^
compleated and publffid them had not he been hinder' d by other
important Affairs and the Iniquity of the Times occafwnd by
the untimely Death of King Edward. After Sir John had
made ufe of them, he gave four Volumes in Folio to / Hum-
phrey Purefoy Efa, who was afterwards of ths Privy-Council
to jL^een Elizabeth in the North Parts 0f England. The reft
were in time difpers'd in other Hands, and many of them were
at lafl fortunately procured by that curious and learned Col-
lector of Antiquities, Sir ROBERT Co TT o N, in whofe Li-
brary they now remain. But a much better Parcel of them
fell into the Hands of the celebrated Leycefter-fhire Antiquary
Mr. William Burton , to whom the four Folio Volumes , juft
now mentioned , were given in the Tear MDCXII. by Mr-
Thomas Purefoy of Harwell in Leycefter-fhire, Son to the
forefaid Mr. Humphrey Purefoy. Be fides thefe four Volumes,
which are commonly call'd Mr. Leland's Collectanea, Mr.
Burton procured eight other Volumes, (written, as the others
were, by Mr. Leland's own Hand} call'd his Itinerary, and
they were of wonderful fervice to him when he was compiling
his Excellent Work of the Antiquities of Leycefter-fhire ;
and they have been of as much ufe to fever al other Great Men,
fuch as Mr. Camden and Sir William Dugdale, in the noble
Works that they fet forth concerning our National Antiquities.
Mr. Burton as he was a Man profoundly skill* d in our Anti-
quities, fo he was always very careful to preferve all Papers
that he thought would any ways tend to ittuftrate them. His
thoughts were frequently imploy'd upon Mr. Leland, and he
wot not throughly jatisfy'd about them 'till he had jeen them
difpos'd of in hts Life-time. After he had consider' d of all
things with due Deliberation, he found he could net pitch upon
* fafer or more honourable Place for them than the B o D-
* See his Life written by Dr. Gerard Langbaine, and pre-
fix'd to Sir John's Excellent little Book call'd The Hurt of
Sedition, in the Edition which came out at OXFORD in 410.
in the year MDCXLI. ft Atben. Oxon. Vol. I. col. 69.
LEJAN
THE PREFACE.
L E j A N Library at OXFORD, the Statutes whereof \ which
are very ftrit, were drawn up by the Wife Founder himself.
Here therefore he refolvd to depofite them, and in profecution
of that Reiblution in the Tear MDCXXXII (which -was
thirteen years before his Death & ) he fe?tt to that magnificent
Repofitory/ow? of the Volumes of the Itinerary, together with
a fair.Tranfcript of fame Parts thereof^ all which were imme-
diately faithfully plac'd- in the Archives by the learned Mr.
John Roufe of Oriel College the Worthy Keeper of the Li-
brary at that time. Some time after he fent to the fame Place
the four Folio Volumes of the Collectanea, with fame other
farts of the Itinerary, which were all put by the reft. This
increased the Itinerary to feven Volumes. There was an eighth
Volums in Mr. Burton's Hands , but that being lent out by him^ it
did not come to the Library *tiU long after ^ being given by Mr.
CHARLES KINGV A. M. of CHRIST-CHURCH in this
Univerfity, a mo(l skillful and learned Antiquary. This is all
that we have of this Great Ornament 0/ Learning in this Li-
brary, unlefs it be a thin Folio Tranfcript of fame Part of his
Works, written by his own Hand, and when this Tranfcript
vat made in Po/ejfion of Sir Henry St. George, Clarenceaux
King at Arms. This Tranfcript was taken in the Tear
MDCLXXXII, by the Procurement of the famous Dr. Plot,
who read over all our Books of Mr. Leland with great Dili-
gence, on purpofe that he might extract from thence whatever
he obfervd would be of benefit to him in the worthy Defigns
he had undertaken. "But to return to the Originals under Mr.
Leland's own Hand, by that variety of Accidents, to which
they had been fubjecJ before they came to the Library, they re-
ceivdfo much "Damage^ efpecially the Volumes of the Itinerary,
that feveral Leaves were quite out^ others flrangely mangFd,
and the reft in fuch a flatter' d Condition as that Mr. Burton
vas afraid they would irrecoverably perijh ; which was the
chief Motive that induc'd him to get fame Parts tranfcrib'd.
After they were lodg'd in the Library they were kept dry ; but
the wet they had contracted before was fo conjiderable ^ and
the Damages fo many y as 'twas impojjtble to hinder them from
a continual, vifible Decay ; fo that the Leaves of the Itinerary
fall to pieces every day. This has been much lamented by
learned Men^ particularly by that Excellent Antiquary of
* See Mr. Burtons Letter to Mr. Roufe prefixt to the
Tranfcript he fent of the Itinerary. /8 See Athen. Oxon. Vol.
II. col. 36. v See the firft Part of the Catalogue of MSS.
Pag ' 314 ' Whaddon-Hall
THEPREFACE. xv
Whaddon-Hall in Buckingham- {hire, BROWN WILLIS
JE/j; teho coming to the B o D L E j A N Library / *.,' r R _ E s B Y of Leeds. As I have follow' d Mr. Le-
land's Original with the greatett Fidelity, jo Ijhatt hereafter
be as cautious when I publijh the remaining Volumes, which I
frmly refolve to do, if God grant me Life, and Health, and if
I enjoy the Opportunities 7 have at prefent, I take it to be
the beft and moft fatisfaclory way to follow fuch fort of Ori-
ginals with all pojfible Exa&nefs ; and I have been the rather
inclined to obferve it in this Work, becaufe ( I having printed
only an hundred and twenty Copies ) the Book is like to fall
into the Hands only of curious and learned Men, fuch as are
better able to interpret the Author's meaning than I am, and
ate more capable of correcting and polijhing him as they fee
occafon. "Tts true, this Itinerary, and the greatefl Part of
his Collections (as is wellobferv'd by my late Reverend and
truly learned Friend Dr. THOMAS SMITH ) are imme-
* In vita Camdeni pag. xxx.
thodical,
THE PREFACE. xvn
thodical, and the feve ral Obfervations and Remarks are put
down juft as the Author made them^ without either refining
upon or reducing them into any beautiful Order. But notwith-
flanding this they have been always consulted by our beft An-
tiquaries, and his Authority is look'd upon and cited as equal
if not fuperior to any in Points that concern the Subjeft of
Antiquity.
BODLEJAN Library
July Itfh MpCCX.
* THE
XVTII
-THE
Labonoufe Journey and Serche of
JOHAN LETLdNVE
FOR
ENGLANDES ANTIQJJITEES,
Geven of hym as a Newe Yeares Gyfte to
King HENRY the viii. in the xxxvii
Yeare of his Raygne".
/8 To my Sever aigne Leige King Henry the eight".
WHERE as it pleafid yowr Highnes apon
very jufteconfiderations to encorage me, by
the autorite of yowr mofte gratius commii-
fion yn the y xxv. yere of yowr profperus regne, to
P eru ^ ar >d diligently to ferche al the Libraries of Mo-
nafteries and Collegies of this yowre noble Reaulme, to
the interne that the Monumentes of auncient Writers
as welle of other Nations, as of kingely Patrone of al good Lerning did animate
patriam. me : but alfo confidering and expend inge with my
felf Dow greate a numbre of excellente goodly
Wyttes and Writers, lernid with the befte, as the
Tymes fervid, hath beene yn this your Region, not
only at fuche Tymes as theRomajne Emperours
Themfelves Burt. Brook- & Leaving Bart, y Sic
a manu prima ; fed fupra lin. princely fcripfit Lelandus.
had
L E L A N D'S New-Tears Gift. xxi
had recourfe to it, but alfo yn thofe Dayes that the
Saxons prevailid of the Britannes, and the Normannes
of the S*xons, could not but with a fervente Zele and
an honeile Corage commend them to memory, els alas
like to have been perpetually obfcurid, or to have bene
lightely remembrid as oncerteine fhadowes. Wherfore
I knowing by infinite Variete of Bookes and affiduus
reading of them who hathe beene lernid, and who hath
writen from tyme to tyme in this Reaulme, ahave di-
geftid in to foure Bookes the names of them with theire
Lyves and Monumentes of Lerning, and to them addid
this Title, De vms illuftribus, folowing the profitable Libri qua-
exemple of Hieronyme, Gennadie, Ca/iodore, Severiane, Jfsnfuftr!"
and Trittenrie a late Writer: but alway io handeling bus, five de
the matier that I have more exfpatiatid yn this Campe ^'|JJ[J
then they did, as yn a thing that defired to be fumwhat //' *
at large, and to have ornature. The firfte Booke be-
gynning at the Druides is dedudtid |3 on the tyme of the
cumming of S. Augufi'me yn to Engelande. The fe-
cunde is from the tyme of Aug uft'ine on to the Advente
of the Normans. The thirde from the Normans to the
Ende of the moft honorable Reigne of the mightty, fa-
mofe, and prudent Prince Henry the VII. your Father.
The fourth bcginnith with the name of your Majefte,
whos Glorie in Lerning is to the Worlde fo clerely
knowen, that though emonge the Lyves of other lernid
Menne I have accurately celebratid the Names of Bla- ^principes
dudufy Molmutius, f Conftantinvs Magnus , Sigebertus, cmdtLi "'
Alfridus, Alfrldus Magnus, ALtbelftanus and Henry the
firfte, Kinges and your Progenitors ; and alfo Ethel-
warde, fecunde funne to Alfride the Greate, Hunfride
Duke of Gloceftre, and Tipetote Erie of Worcefter j yec
* I have Bun. & Unto Bal. Brook. & Weever.
y Defunt Bun. S Conftantius Bun. eodem plane modo
quo & in nonnullis Codd. Antorimi Itinerarii fcribitur
Antonius pro Antoninus > quo modo & in Burtom Apo-
grapho legitur infra.
conferrid
ditionis
exercitata
xxrr L E L A N ITS New- far* Gift.
conferrid withe yowrd-ace they feme as fmaule Lighttes,
( if I may frely fay my jtigemente, yowr highe modefte
not offendid,) yn refpe&e of the Day-ftarre.
Now farther to inftnuate to yowr Grace of what ma-
urenia tier $ tnc Writers, whofe Lyves I have congeftid ynto
foure Bokes, hath treatid of, I may right boldely fay,
"omni tnat befide tne Cognition of the thre Tunges, yn the
lereeru- which parte of them hath excellid, that there is no
kinde of liberate Science, or any Feate concerning
Lcrning, yn the which they have not fhewen certeine
Argumentes of greate felicite of Wytte ; yea and con-
cerning the Interpretation of holy Scripture, booth after
the auncient Forme, and fins yn the ScholafHcal Trade,
they have a reignid as in a certeine Excellency.
And as touchinge Hiftorical Knowlege there hath
merus fcri- beene to the numbre of a fulle Hunderith, or mo, that
"from tyme to tyme hath with greate Diligence, and no
Jefle Faith, wold to God with likeEloquens, perfcribid
the Ades of yowr mofte noble PraedeceiTors, and the
Fortunes of this your Realme, fo incredibly greate,
that he that hath not feene and thoroughly redde theyr
Workes can little pronunce yn this parte.
Wherfore after that I had perpend id the honeft and
profitable ftudies of thefe Hiftoriographes, I was totally
enflammid with a love to fee thoroughly al thofe Partes
of this your opulente and ample Reaulme, that I had
redde of yn the aforefaid Writers : yn fo muchc that al
my other Occupations intermittid I have fotravelid yn
yowr Dominions booth by the Se Codes and the midle
Partes, (paring nother Labor nor Coftes, by the fpace of
thefe vi. Yeres pafte, that there is almofte nother Cape,
nor Bay, Haven, Creke or Peere, River or Confluence
of Rivers, Breches, Wafchis, Lakes,. Meres, y Fenny
Waters, Montaynes, Valleis, Mores, Hethes, Foreftes,
Lyved fupra lin. & Defunt Burr, y Semi Waters
Bttrt.
-Chafes",
L E L A N D'S New-Tears Gift. xxin
Chafes", Wooddes, Cities, Burges, Caftelles, princlpale
Manor Placis, Monafteries, and Colleges, but I have
feene them ; and notid yn To doing a hole Worlde of
Thinges very memorable.
Thus inftruded I trufte fhortely to fee the tyme that Defcn'ptfo
like as Carolus Magnus had emonge his Treafburs thre l"^ Br ^
large and notable Tables of Sylver dchely enamelid, one mTin qua
of the Site and Defcription of Canftant inople, another of d a . a
the Site and Figure of the magnificente Cite of Rome, fuS!
and the thirde of the Defcription of theWorlde; fo fhaul
yowr Majeftie have this yowr Worlde and Impery of
Englande fo fette forthe yn a Quadrate Table of Silver,
if God fende me Life to accomplifche my Beginninges,
that yowr Grace (haul have ready Knowlege at the firfte
fighte of many right deledable, fruteful, and neceflfary
Pleafures, by the Contemplation thereof, as often as
occafion maul move yow to the fight of it.
And be caufe that it may be more permanence, and Liber de
farther knowen then to have it engravid in Silver or' ^.'
BrafTe, I entende (by the leave of God) withyn tixtttmi*
fpace of xii. Monethes following, fuch a Defcription to?*'
make of your Reaulme yn writing, that it (haul be no i f
Maftery after for the Graver or Painter to make alike
by a perfede Exemple.
Yea and to wade fartheryn this Matier, wheras now Reftitun
almofte no Man can welle gefle at the Shadow of the ]" !
auncient Names of Havens, Ryvers, Promontories, Britanni*
Hilles, Woddes, Cities, Tounes, Caftelks, and Variete nomina -
of /3 Kindedes of People, that C/ar, Livie, Strabo, Dw-
dorus, Fabius Piftor y Pompomus Mela, PKnius, Cornelius
Tacitus, Ptolem&us, Sextus Rufus, Ammtanus Marcellinus,
Sol'mm, y Antoninus , and diver others make mention
tt This word is added by Mr. Burton over the Line,
with a note of Induction. 'Tis alfo exftant in his Copy,
but wanting in Bale, Brooke and Weever. /3 Sic in Au-
togr. Kindreds in Burtoni Apogr. Sed Kyndes in Baleo,
Brookto & Wievcro. y Vide fupra in Notis ad pag. xxi.
Vol. j. d of,
xxiv " LE LAND'S New-Tears Gift.
of, I trufte fo to open this Wyndow that the Lighte
fhaul be (eene fo longe, that is to fay, by the fpace of a
hole Thoufand Yeres ftoppid up, and the olde Glory
of your renowmid Britainc to reflorifch thorough the
Worlde.
DeAmiqui- This doone I have Matier at plenty al ready preparid
rate *> to this purpofe, that is to fay, to write an Hiftory, to
*SH^- the which I entende to adlcribe this Title, De antiqui-
ri -libri tate Britannica, or els Civilu Hiftoria. And this Worke
* entende to divide yn to fo many Bookes as there be
Shires yn England, and Sheres and greate Dominions yn
Wales. So that I efteme that this Volume wille enclude
a fiftie Bookes, wherof eche one feverally /haul con-
teynethe Beginninges, Encreaces, and memorable Ades
of the chief Tounes and Caftelles of the Province al-
lottjd to hit.
Libri fex Then I entende to diftribute yn to vj. Bokes fuch
de infuhs Matier as I have al ready colledid concerninge the Ifles
SjacenS- a ^j ac ent to your noble Reaulme and under your Sub-
bus. jedion. Wherof thre fhaul be of thele Ifles, Vetta,
Mona and *Mevarii Quene.
f Joannes Lclandius Antiquarius fcripfit.
Defunt Bun. Bal. Brook; & Weever. Reader
Bun. y Sic in Autogr. & Burton, fed Quene Gataryne
in Bal. Brook. & Weever.
CO
THE Folio ;
ITINERARY
O F
JOHN LEILAND ff
THAT FAMOUS ANTIQUARY
Begunne about if 38. 30. H. 8."
^Q* The Number of Folios anfwering the Original
is put in the Margin.
FROM Cambridge to Eltefle Village al by Cham-
peyne counterey 8. Miles. At Eltefle was iumtyme
a Nunnery wher Pandonia the Scottijh Virgine was
buried, and there is a Well of her name yn the
South fide of the Quire. I hard that when this Nun-
nery was deftroyid a new was made at Hinchingbroke by Hun-
tendune.
A Mile from Eltefle towards Neotes is the limes of Cam-
Irldflhire.
r rom Eltefle to S. Neotet 4. Miles. The elder Parte of the
Toune wher the Paroche Chirch ys kepith the * olde name of
i) fo caullid /3 corroptely torEn[ulfhesl>Mry. Ufe River]
Leg. towards. Neotes. /8 corruptely for Enulphesbyri.
The River there hardeby theToitne ftondinge ontheEfleSyde of it
d'w'idithe Huntyndunmire^w Bedfordefhire, and yet a lytle
lower botbe the Ripe* be in Huntendunfhir. The Bridge ofSeint
Neotes is of Tymbar. Stowe.
Vol. i.
a Uanu Burttni,
x old.
LELAND'S ITINERARY.
From S.Neotes to Stoughton Village by fum enclofid ground
a 3. Miles, it is in Huntendunejhir. Ther hard by the Chirch
is a pretty Houfe of OljverLeders^ and pratie i Commodities
about it.
FromStougktoun to ttMertckbourn Village a 4.Miles be much
Pafture, andfumCorne ground. Here is a right fair Place of
SquareStone,ftonding much apon pillered Vaulte of Stone,
and there be goodly Gardeins, Orchards, and Ponds, and a
Parke thereby. The Place felf is of an auncient building.
[Bat] the Lord Weftoun of y S. [Johnes] College in London the
3 [of( that Houfe afore the
Wefon made the [Hall] [Knights and Lord
Prior of S. John's of Jerusalem]
Fol. z. About the Quarters of Mlckbourn, but not hard by it, ryfe
to armes of broks of divers Springs, wherof one cummith
owt of Higheham Parke. Thefe z. cum to one Botom and
Streame, and fo go by Horn Village^ wherof the broke is
3 callid How-water.
At How hath beene a fair Manor Place, fumtyme longging
to the Strikelands of Huntendune-Shire, after to the Bife!des y
and of late it cam ynto Partition of g.Doughtters.
Hon> Water after cummith to StoughtovenVillzge, and thens
about [a] Mile lower then S. Neo[tes in] to Ufe f ryve . .
4 Hig\ham Ferran Market is a 3. Miles from Milchbourne\
So in the Original ; but Mr. Stove hath it
ourn^ as 'tis alfo below in the Original it felf. ft Vaulti\
Read, Vaultes^ as 'tis in Mr. Stowe. Mr. Leland oftentimes
puts e^ made fomewhat bigger than ordinary, for es. y Seint
John'* College in London the 3. Lorde of that Houfe afore the
lafte Wefton made the Hautt newly . There if buried a Knyght
of the Ordar of Seint JohnV in the Norths Syde of the Chapell
there. This Milchburne is in Bedfordefhire almofte in the
Egge of it. Stowe. f Ryve . .] Ryver in Stovei & Galei
exemplarib.
i Commodites. a pillerd. 3 caullid. 4 Higheham Ferrares Market ic
a 3 tnyles from Milcheburne
Welinton Market not far from Avon ryvcr is a vi Myles of
Bedford is . . Myles of, ther is meately plenty of woode about Michelburne,
and Michelburne is countyd for one of the fairefte howfes of that Shire. From
Michelbourne Stowt.
L ELAND'S ITINERARY.
From Milchebourn to Kimoltoun a Market Towne yn the
egge of Huntendunejbire. The Toune it felf is but bare.
The Caftelle is dowble dikid, and the building of it meately
flrong. it longid to the Mandeviles, Erles of Ejfax. Then to
B0J,Erles of Hereford and EJJax. and fins to thefiStrafordf.
Syr Richard Wtngfeld buildid new fair lodgyns and galeries
apon the olde Foundations of the Caftelle. The Priory of
Chanons not [far] out of Kimolton was [as I lear]nid of the
foundation of theB~]igrames. It [was an Houfe] of y vii [Ca-
nons.] By all [like]lihod B\igrame] [noe
great landes] [perfonage]
There lay yn this Priory few Men of Name buried : but of ppl. 3,
the Eigrams and the Comers. The name of the Manor Place
of the Eigrams bering the name of them yet remainith there-
aboutes.
There is a Plotte now clene defolatid not a Mile by Weft
from Kimoltoun, caullid Caftel Hylle, wher appere diches and
tokens of old buildings.
From Kimoltoun to Leightoun on a hille 3. good miles be
plain ground of Pafture and Corne but litle Wood yn fight ;
but whereas theVillages be fett the Soyle betw[ix]t exceeding
good for co[rne] Tne[Lord]fhip[ofJLg;-
ton and Village belongeth to] [one Carn~]
From Leighton to Earnetoel Village a vi miles by exceding
faire Corne and Pafture ground. At this Village remaine yet
4. ftrong Towres parte of Eerengarius Moynes Caftel, after
longging to Ramefey Abbay, and now to Monteacute. Withyn
the Ruines of the Caftell is now a meane Houfe for a fermar.
Eouni] L. Bohuns, ut in St. /3 Strafordi] L. Stafordes^
vel, ut in St. & G. Staffordes. y vii. Chanons : andbetikely-
hode Bygrame gave them no greate Land*. For the Parfonage
of Kymaltoun heynge above XL. //. a fere teas tmprofriate to
the Priorie, ivhos -whole Lands wot but a c. Marks by the fere.
Stowe. & Name buried :'] 'Tis diftinguifhed thus with a Colon
both in the Orig. and in Mr. Stowe. But it fliould be rather
a Comma, or (as in Mon. AngL) without any Point. Mr.
Stotpc hath no mark for a lacuna after Cw^. Then he reads,
The Lordejhife of Laighton Village longithe to a Prebend in
Lincoln. One Carneballe, Prebendarye there, dyd builde a
Peace of a praty Houfe Jlondinge with in a Mote. Smithe, note
Irtccmbent, hathe made a F-re-Schole there.
A * From
4 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
From BameweUe to Oundale a mile.
The Towne ftondith on the farther Ripe as I cam to it
The Bridge over Avon is * of great Arches and fmaul.
Ther is a little gut[ter] or broke /a cumming y apon the
Caufey a xvi. as I enterid, on the lefte Hond into AvoftRyver
[among the Arch]es of [the Bridg.]
The Toune hath a very good Market and is al buildid of
[Stone. The Paroch Church is very faire. J One Robert Viate
a Merchant] [of the towne there, and] . . .
[his Wife made]
Fol. 4 . fide of that Chirch Yarde a praty Almofe Houfe of Squarid
Stone. And a goodly large Haule over it for the Brether-
hodde of the Chyrch.
And at the Weft end of the Chirche Yarde they made
Lodgings for too Cantuarie Preftes, foundid there by them.
The Scripture in BrafTe on the Almofe Houfe Doore berith
the Date of the yere owr Lord 1485. as I remembre.
At the Weft North Weft Ende of Oundale Chirch Yard is
the Ferme or Perfonage Place impropriatid to Petert>orom. it
is 9- a f o//. by Yere. Petertorow was Lord alfo of the Town,
and now the King hath allottid it onto the Quene's Dowre.
There I fawe another Chirch or Chappelle of S. Thomas,
* P/" ? S reat Arches, and treofmall. G. ft cumming apon
the Cavfey &c.] Perhaps it mould be read thus : cumming a
xvi. miles of, as I enterid on the lefte Hond apon the Caufey, into
Avon Ryver &c. But in Mr. Stowe 'tis thus : The Bridge over
Avon is cf gnat Arches and [mall apon the Cawfey a xvi. and
then he begins a new Paragraph in this manner, There is a
little Gut or Broke &c. But 'tis in the Original as I have
printed it. y apon the Caufey a xvi.] So 'tis in the Original ;
but a. xvi. is left out in Mr. Burton's Copy. 9 One Robert
Viate, a Marchaunt of th? Towne there, *WJohan his Wife
made goodly Sototh Porche of the Paroche of S They
made alfo on the South Sydeofthat Churche-Tarde a praty Almofe
HoTffe &c. St. Nor hath Mr. Gale's Copy any Points after
Merchant, i Tere ov>r~\ L,.yere of owr cum Stove o. 1485".]
Sic in Aut. & St. non, ut in G. 1405-. Juft againft thefe
words is the Ferme Mr. Stowe hath put this Note in the Mar-
gin, cav>lyd the Bery-ftede ; for that it -was a beriege in the
tyme ofPeft. Oundall Chunks -was fame tyme a Cell to Petar-
borow. 9- a ?o. //'. hy fere'] Ahout ?o. //. by Teare. G. And
indeed in moft other Places Mr. Gale's Copy bath about for
a, contrary to the Authority of the Original.
now
L ELAND'S ITINERARY.
now of our Ladie, as I enterid into Oundale Toun. The Ry-
ver of Avon fo windeth aboute Oundale Toune that it almoft
i infulatithe it,favyng a litle by Weft North Weft. Going oute
of the Toune end of Oundale towarde Fodringey^^ * 1 rode
over [at a] bridge (thereon] Avon pafs[ith it
to] North bridfg being] lengthe
[Caufy] [when the rime] the
Medowes lying on every fide on a great Leavel thereaboute.
I geffid that there were about a 30 Arches of fmaule and great
that bare up this Cawfey.
From Oundale to Foderingeye a a. Miles by mervelus fair
Corne ground and Pafture, but litle woodde.
King Edward the 4. for the Love that he bare to Foder-
ingeyj had thought to hi
ingey, had thought to have * privelidgid it with aMarket, and
with putting doun Weres and Mills, to have caufid that
fmaul Lightters might 3 have cum thither.
The Toune felf of Foderingeye is but one ftreat, al of
ftone building. The glorie of it ftandith by the Paroche
Chirch of a fair Building and Collegiatid.
/s This Chirch and Place wher the College is now was fum-
tyme a nunnery. Edmunde of Langeley Sun to Edward the 3.
got a Licens as fum faye [to malke a College there ; [but he
did] it not, [being] preventid [by dea]th.
yTheNunnesofthisHoufe tHelefttwo]Sunncs*EAwr
Thens to Thor[fe water mill upon Avon y i a mill] wher I
[faw the Ruines of ^ the wall of WatervlUes Caftle.]
Thens a good Mile to Thrapejlon Village, wher the Lorde
Mordant is Lord by Copartion with Broune the Serinent at
Law and SirWiftanBrounes Sunne as I hard.
Thens a Quarter of a Mile toThrapeflon bridg having an,
8. arches of itone. Avon rennith under this Bridg.
his Familie in Huntendunefliire was birled at Foderingey anno
dom. 1477. The Date is wanting in (7. as are allo thefe
words, of the Book. * Ryfe o/Avon as I enterid into the
Toune ? without any lacuna, both in St. and G. ft Theoldus
presbiter, natione Italus, {cripfit de miraculis veteris tefta-
menti & fabulis poetarum, ^Eglogarum lib. i. floruit an. do.
480. ^Egloga incipiens, ^thiopum terras jam fsrvida torruit
tfjlas. So Burton's Copy, but "wanting in the Original. Theoldus
Sic in Burtono. Sed legend, poems Theodulut. y a mill de-
funt St. f the utter vail St. i Serinent] L. Servient. an%.
arches] About 8. arches G. See what I have faid in my
Note to P. 4. 1. zi. ________________________
i 4 mill) a royle Sf.
From
S LELAND'S ITINERARY.
From foderingey to this Bridge, I left Avon on the right
Hand, and after ftille on to Northampton on the lefte Hand
alofe.
At the very End of Thrapefton Bridge ftand Ruines of a
very large Hermitage andjprincipally welle buildid but a
late difcoverid and fuppremd : and hard by is the Toune
of Ifelef on Avon as upon the farther Ripe. And about
a Mile farther but not apon Avon Ripe is Draiton Village
and Caftelle,Lhe pratiefl Place in thofe Quarters, longging,as
Jjelepe dooth, in copartion onto the Lord Mordant
Staford Erie of Wilefhir^ Uncle to Edward late Duke of
Sokingbam, had Draiton by an Heiregeneral of the Younger
Grene, and kept his Houfliold yn it.
The Great Grene gave to his Eldeft Sunne Grenes Northon,
with a great Portion of Lands : and he gave Draiton with
other Lands to his Younger Sunne.
This Drayton Caftelle was mofte buildid by Grene [that
was] fo great [a Man in King] Richard [the z^.] day[es. his
landes came to x. daughters, and one of thole daughters
partes came to 3. Daughters.]
[Thence] fix good Miles to Finton bridg [of ftone un]der
the which Kete[ring water runneth] having a [pretty ftreame,]
Fol. 7. and a mile lower aboute the botom by Welingborojo Market
goith into Avon. And aboute a five Miles higher is a bridge
of Stone apon Avon caullid ffiebeham-bridge. Higbeham-
Ferrart toune is not far of it, and is * a five Miles from We-
hngkoro.
Welingborov> is a good quik Market Toune buildid of Stone
as almoft al the Tounes be of Northampton-faire. it ftondith
about a quarter of a Mile from Avon River.
From Wel'tngburne to Northampton 8. Miles al be Cham-
paine Corne and pafture ground, but litle wood or none,
even as it is betwixt Oundate and Welingboiow.
I paffid over ^. praty Brokes betwixt Welinglortno and
Northampton defcendingthoroughz.[Val]leis,and foreforting
ynto \Avon.~\ Almoft in the midle way betw[ixt]J>Velirtgl>oro'n>
and Northampton [ft I pafled] Affcheby more then a m[ile of
on the left hand,] wher hath [bene a Caftle]that now is clene
downe, and is made but zfeptum for beftes.
The Toune of Northampton ftondith on the North fide
afaeMilei\ a. 3. Miles St. ft I lefte for 1 pafled in St.
i Hercmitage.
of
L ELAND'S ITINERARY: g
of Avon Ryver, on the Brow of a Meane Hille, and rifith
ftille from the South to the North. Al the old Building of
the Toune was of Stone, the new is of Tymbre.
There be yn the Waulles of Northampton 4. Gates, namid
by Efte, Weft, North and South. The Efte Gate is the
faireft of them alle.
There is a faire Suburbe withoute the Southe Gate : and
another, but leffe, withoute the Welt Gate, yn the wich is
a very pratie Houfe ex lapide folite yiadrato. it longith to
it Mr.
The Caftel ftondith hard by the Weft Gate, and hath a
large Kepe. The Area of the Refidew is very large, and
bullewarkes of Yerth be made afore the Caftelle Gate.
Paroche Chirches in Northampton withyn the Waulles be Fol. 8.
7. wherof the Chirch of Al-Halo-wes is principale, ftonding
yn the Harte of the Toune, and is large and welle buildid.
There be in the Suburbes ^. Paroche Chirches, wherof I
faw one yn the Weft Suburbe as I rode over the Weft Bridge,
fairly archid with Stone, under the which Avon it felf, not
yet augmentid with Wedon Water, doth ren.
Chapelles. ft There is a Chapelle of S. Catar'me fette in a
Cemiterie in the Toune, longging to the Chirche of Al-Ha-
lov>es. Where that paroch dooth byri.
And I faw the Ruines of a large Chapelle withowte the
North gate.
S. Andreas^ the late [Monaftery] of blake Monkes, ftoode
yn the North Parte of the Toune, hard by the North Gate.
Simon Sam&eliz, y the firft beyng Erie of Northampton and
Huntendune made this Houfe : but he is not buried there ;
for he died yn Fraunce, and there buried. -But Erie Simon the
fecunde, and Erie Simon the 3. Sunne to the fecunde, were
booth buried in S. Andreas. There was alfo buried under a
flatte Stone in the Quier an Archebifshop.
There was byried alfo one Verney^ that was made Knight
at the Feeld of Northampton.
S. James ftandith a litle diftant from the extreme Part of
the Weft Suburbe. The Waulle that cumpafith the hole fite
of the Houfe is highe 3 faire, and large, ex lafide quadrate.
De la Pray FoK ,.
Mr."} Sic plane in Autogr. Nee aliter in St. B. & G,
ft Mr. Burton's Copy if thus : There is a Chappell of St. Ca-
therine (longing to the Church of Att-flaUoires^ where that
Paroch doth burie) fet in a Cemitery in the towne. y Being
the firft in Burton,
Vol. i. B There
io LELAND'S ITINERARY.
thiu*- There was a great bataille faught in Henry the vj .Tyme at
feld. Northampton on the Hille withoute the Southe Gate, where
is a right goodly Crofle, caullid, as I remembre, the Quenes
Croffe. and many Walfch men were drounid yn Avon TJyver
at this Conflict. Many of them that were flayn were buried
at de la. Pray: and fum at S.John's Hofpitale.
. Lidui. S. John's Hofpitale was originally foundid by one WilKam
Saintte Ctere t Archidiacon of Northampton^ and brother to
tnu Li- one of the Simons Sainftecleres, as Turn of Sain&e Johns name
. them: but as I have redde alway they were caulid Sainfteliz.
*"*-
This Hofpitale ftondith within the Waulle of the Toune,
a litle above the South Gate.
There is yn the North fide of the Chirch a High Tumbe,
wher is buried the Lady Margaret.
In the South fide lyith buried Elis y Pouger with a French
Ep[itaph.]
S. Thomas Hofpitale is with oute the Toune, and joinith
hard to the Weft Gate, it was erectid within leiTc then a
hunderithYeres pafte, and induid with fum Landes,al by the
Citifens of Northampton.
Fol. io. The Gray-freres Houfe was the befte buildid and largeft
Houfe of all the Places of the Freres, and ftoode a litle be-
yond the chief Market Place almoft by flatte North.
The Site and ground that it ftoode on longid to the Cite,
wherapon the Citizins were taken for founders of [it.]
There lay ij. of the * Salysbiries buried in this Houfe of Gray
Frere. And as I remember it was told me that one of the
Salisbyries Doughtters was Mother to Sir Wyttlam Par and
his Elder Brother.
The Elake-Freres in the Streate where the Horfe Market
is kept ons a Weke.
The White-lireres Houfe ftoode a litle above the Gray
Freres.
The AuguJline-Fre re t Houfe ftoode on the Weft fide of the
Streate by the Southe Gate, hard agayne S.John's Hofpitale.
The Langfelds of "Buckinghamshire were taken as original
Founders of this Houfe, and a late was the olde Langefeld
Knight of the fame Line fo taken. Divers of the Langfelds
were buried in this Chirch. I heer of no Men els of No-
bilite there biried.
Henry the V*'. tyme G. ft Walls G. V Ponget G. but
over the line is written Pougsr*
x Salisbyri.
The
L ELAND'S ITINERARY. ir
The Hedde of^w>Ryver vifitith a litle fidenham of FoUti.
Gilesboroip yillage, and cummith by it there firft receyving a
botom : GiUest>orcv> a vj. Miles almoft plain North from
Northampton : and fo touching by a few Villages cummith
to Northampton.
The Hedde of Wedon Water is, as I could lerne of Wedon
Men, at Faullejle yn Mr. Knightele's Poles, and yn Eadby
Poles be Springges alfo, that reforte to this ftreme : and be-
fide there cummith a litle broke into Wedon ftream, a very
litle beneth Wedon: and as I ftoode it cam yn by the farther
ripe. FauUeJ?e~Poo\es be aboute a Myle
Mr. Knighteley y a man of yfromC*rorth feild, and a Knight in Burton, y Tumbe'] Tombes St.
3" Aid in the North Croffe Ifle a Tombe having the Name of
Roger Poynter armed, o/Leycefter, and another Tombe there
of a Knight without Scripture. G. * Were pulled downe in
Burton. Caftellum in Burton.
i Caftel. % Leircdtria.
Dayes,
L ELAND'S ITINERARY. jj
Dayes, as it apperith by his Workes, was a greate Clerke.'
Befide thisGrave I faw few thinges there of any auncient Me-
niorie within the Chirch.
The Collegiate Chirch of Wetvarke and the Area of it
yoinith to another Peace of the Cailelle Ground.
The College Chirch is not very great, but it is exceding
fair. There lyith on the North fide of the High Altare Henry
Erie of Lancafter, withowt a Crcunet, and z. Men childern
under the Arche next to his Hedde.
On the Southe fide lyith Henry the firft Duke of Lancaster :
and yn the next Arch to his Hedde lyith a Lady, by Likeli-
hod his Wife.
Conftance, Doughtter to Peter , King ofOt/teSe, and Wife
to John of 'Gaunt , liith afore the High Altare in a Tumbe of
Marble with an Image of [Brafle] (like a Quene) on it.
There is a Tumbe of Marble in the Body of the Quire.
They told me that a Countes of Darby lay biried in it, and
they make her, I wot not how, Wire to John of Gaunt or
Henry the 4. Indeade Henry the 4. wille John of Gaunt livid
was caullid Erie of Darby.
In the Chapelle of i St. Mary on the Southe fide of the
Qujrc ly buried to of the Shirley *, Knights, with their Wives;
and one "Brokesly an Efquier. Under a Filler yn a Chapelle
of the South Crofle Ifle lyith the Lady Hungreford^ and Sa-
cheverel her fecund Husbande.
In the Southe fide of the Body of the Chirch lyith one of
the Bluntet, a Knight, with his Wife.
And on the North fide of the Chirch ly 3. Wigeflons^ greate
Benefactors to the College, one of them was a Prebendarie
there, and made the free Grammar Schole.
The C Cloifter on the South Wefte fide of the Chirch is Fol. 18.3
large and faire : and the Hcufes in the Cumpace of the Area
of the College for the Prebendaries be al very praty.
The WauJles and Gates of the College be ftately.
The riche Cardinal of Wmchefler gildid al the Floures and
Knottes in the Voulte of the Chirch.
The large Almofe Houfe ftondith alfo withyn the Qua-
drante of the Area of the College.
A litle above the Weft bridge the Sore caftith oute an
Arme, and fone after it cummith in again, and makith one
ftreame y of Sere. Withyn this Ifle ftandith the Blake-Frerer
tt under the Arches G. f> Cloifters (landing on the In
Burton, y Of Sore are if anting in Burton.
r S. Mary.
Vol. i. C very
18 LE LAND'S ITINERARY.
very pleafauntly. and hard by the Freres is alfo a Bridge of
Stone over this Arme of Sore. And after the hole Water
creping aboute half the Toune cummich thorough the North
Bridge of a vij. or viij. Arches of [Stone.] And there Sore
brekfeth into two] armes againe, wher[of the biggeft] goith
by S. Maries a[bbay Handing] on the farther Ripe ; and the
other, caullid the Bisjhoppes Water^ bycaufe the Bisfhop of
Lincoln 's Tenentes have Privilege on it, and after fone
methith with the bigger Arme, and fo infulatirh a right large
and plefaunt Medow ; wherapon the
Sar* dimming again fhorte- Abbay, as I fuppofe, in fum Writinges
ly to one botom goith a 4. is caullid S. Maria de pratis. Over the
Miles of by the Ruines of Midle Part of this Arme of BisJbopsWa-
the Caftel of Mountfcrelle. ter is a meane Stone bridge : and a litle
beyond it is another Stone bridge,
thorough the which paflit a litle land broke, cumming from
Villages not far of, and fo rennith into Bif/aops Water. And
by Bis/bops Water is a Chapel longging to the Hofpital of S.
John. At this Chapel lyith Mr. Boucher.
S. Margarete's is thereby the faireft Paroche Chirch of
Leircejter, wher ons was Cathedrale Chirch. and therby the
Bisfhop of Lincoln had a Palace, wherof a litle yet ftandith.
John Peny firft Abbate of Leircefter^ then Bisfhop of Ban-
ger and Cairluel [is here buried in] an Alabafter Tumbe.
[This Penny made the new Bricke workes of Leicejler Abby,
and much of the brick walles.]
Fol. 15. From Leircejler to Brodegate by ground welle wooddid
3. Miles. At Brodegate is a fair Parke and a Lodge lately
buildid there by the Lorde Thomas Gray, Marquife of Dor-
fete, Father to Henry that is now Marquife. There is a fair
and plentiful Spring of Water brought by Mafter Brok as a
Man wold juge agayne the Hille thoroug the Lodge, and
thereby it dryvith a Mylle. This Parke was parte of the
plde Erles of Z,emr Chirch.
There is an old Chapelle of Stone yn the South Part of
GainesAorom Toun, wher they of the Toune fay that many
Danes be buried.
There is alfo a Chapelle of Wood on Trent fide by Southe
in Gainesborow : it is now defolatid.
* Raunton Pillage [about a mile byplaine Sandy Ground~\ over
Trent &c. G. without any Authority from the Orig. for
which reafon the Tranfcriber has hooked in the additional
words, ft and ther on the other fide St. On for onto is alfb in
G. y Snape Burt. f Gainsburrowe Burton. The Shore
and upward from Trent St.
t Graundfadcr.
There
LELAND'S ITINERARY. 3?
There is a Parke by Gainesborow longging to the Lord
Borotp.
There is another a Miles of that Mr.Hwzege hath
in keping.
From GainesboroTD over Trent ynto Notinghanr/hire 3 and
fo to Maderfey Village a v. Miles, a. Miles below Medowes
and 3. be corn and pafture Ground.
Or I cam to Maderfey by a a. Miles I left
Parke on the right Hond, and a Mile farther I faw the
Courfe on the lifte hond of P; :/, over the which
I paflid by a Bridge ft of hard at the entering into
Maderfey Village.
Thens 1 roode a Myle yn low y wafch and fiimwhat fenny
Ground, and a mile farther or more by higher Ground to
Scroby in Nottinghamjhir.
In the mene Tounelet of Scroby I markid a. thinges, the Fol. 37,
Paroche Chirch not bigge, but very welle buildid ex laflde
polite quadrato.
The fecond was a great Manor Place {landing withyn a
Mote, and longging to tharchbifliop of Tork^ buildid yn to
Courtes, wherof the firft is very ample, and al buildid of
Tymbre, faving the Front of the Haule, that is of Brike, to
the wich afcenditur per graduf lapideos. The ynner Courte
Building, as far as i markid, was of Tymber Building, and
was not in cumpace paft the 4. parte of the utter Courte.
From Scroby to Bawtre a Mile or more.
Riding a very litle ' beyond Scroby Manor Place, I paflid
by a Forde over the Ryver : And fo betwixt the
Pales of i.. Parkes longging to Scroby I came to Bautre.
Batvtre is very bare ^and poore i and poore" Market Toune
ftanding yn Yorkfhire^ as the Inhabitantes of it told me : fo
that by this it mold feme that Scroby Water in fum partes
devidith the Shires.
From Bautre to Dancajler an vij. Miles by a great Plaine
and Sandy Ground caullid Blithelo, by the name of Blith
Ryver. But or I cam to Dancajter I paffid over the Ford
of a Brooke a 3. Miles of, wher, as I remembre", isRo-
fngton Bridge.
L. be low. ft of hard Stone att G. with points under
Stone. In St. are no points after of. but he hath afmall fpacc
after hard, y marjb for vafch in G. <>[ and a poore Market
Toune G. ~Redunda'Vt. Defunt Burt.
i Byyond.
E a I notid
36 L ELAND'S ITINERARY.
Fol. 38, I notid thefe thinges efpecialiy yn the Towne of Dav-
cafler. The faire and large Paroch Chirche of S. George,
ftanding in the very Area, where ons the Caftelle of the
Toune ftoode, long fins clene decayid. The Dikes partely
yet be feene and foundation of Parte of the Waulles. There
is a likelihod that when this Chirch was eredtid much of
the Ruines of the Caftelle was taken for the Fundation
and the filling of the Waullis of it.
There ftandith an olde Stone Houfe at the Eft Ende of
the Chirch of S. George now ufid for the Town Houfe :
the which, as fum fuppofe, was a pece of the Building of
the old Caftelle or made of the Ruines of it.
There is in the Declining in area Caftelli a prati litle Houfe
buildid of Tymbre as a College for thePreftes of the Toun.
There was another Paroche Chirch yn the Towne yet
{landing, but now it fervith but for a Chapelle of Eafe.
Ther was a right goodly Houfe of White Freres in the
mydle of the Towne now defacid : wher lay buried in a
goodly Tumbe of White Marble a Countes of Weftmerland,
whos name, as one told me, was Margarcte Cobham. The
Image of the Tumbe is tranflatid ynto S. George Chirch,
and by it as the Crcunet is made me mold be aDuches.
There was a Houfe of Gray Freres at the North Ende of
the i Bridge, communely caullid the Freres Bridge^ conteyn-
ing a 3. Arches ot Stone. Here I markid that the North
Parte of Dancafter Toune, yn the which is but litle and
that mene Building, ftandith as an ifle : for Dun Ryver at
the Weft fide of the Towne caftith oute an Arme, and fone
after at the Efte fide of the Town cummith into the princi-
pal Streame of Dun again. There is alfo a great Bridge of
<. Arches of Stone at the North Ende of this Ifle : at the
South Ende of the which Bridg * is a great tournid Gate of
Stone, at the ft Weft fide whereof is a fair Chapelle of our
Lady, and therof it is caullid 5. Mary Gate. At the Eft Ende
of this Bridge be ^. or 3. great Milles as at the Water.
There appere no tokens, as far as I could lerne or fe,
that ever Dancafter was a waullid Toun ; yet there be 3. or
4. gates in it : whereof that in the Weft fide is a praty Tower
of Stone, but S. Marie Gate is the faireft.
Fol. 39. The hole Toune of Dancafter is buildid of Wodde, and
* Leg. is a great tour id Gate, ft Weft End whereof St.
i bridg,
the
L ELAND'S ITINERARY* 37
the Houfes be flacid : yet is there great Plenty of Stone
there about.
The Soile about Dancajler hath very good Medow, Corne,
and fum Wood.
From Dancajler by South Weft to Tikhille a 5-. Miles,
partely by low pafture ground, partly by ftony Grounde
but fruterul of Corne.
The Market Town of Tikhil is very bare : but the Chirch
is fair and large. One Efifelde, Stuard fumtyme of Tikhil
and Heatfi/d, lyith ther in a Tumbe of Stone. Obijt an. D.
1386. The Caftel is well dichid and waullid with a very
hard * fuart Stone hewid. The Dungeon is the faireft part
of the Caftelle. Al the Buildinges withyn the Area be down,
faving an old Haulle. There is a rylle that cummith by the
Towne fetching no far Courfe of and reibrtith toward Ro-
fington Bridge. .
There was a Houfe of Freres a lityl by Weft without
Tikhil^ where lay buried divers of the TfitK-WiUiams ^ as the
Grauntfather and Father to my Lorde Privy Scale : the which
now be tranflatid to the Paroch Chirch of Tikbil. So ys
furefoy alias Clearfoy.
There were alfo buried diverfe ofdareUes in TikhiU Priory.
There ys yet a Place by Tikhil caullid C/arellef Haulle.
There is a Wood by South of Ttkbil caullid Toorne tcod^
and is a v. Miles in Cumpace.
The Lordfliip of Tikhil was yn tyme paft of fuch Eftima-
tion, that it was namid the Honor of Tikhil.
From Tikil to Cunesboro-cp a 4. Miles by ftony way and en-
clo fid Ground.
Wher I faw no notable thing but the Caftel ftonding on a
Rokket of Stone and dichid. The Waulles of it hath be
ftrong and full of Toures. Dunus flu. alluit villam.
From Cunisborow to Dancajler a 3. Miles by fruteful
Ground.
From Dane after to Heathfeld by champayn fandy Ground
a 5. Miles. There is a faire Paroch Chirch in the Village ;
and a Parke therby. The Logge or Manor Place is but meane-
ly buildid of Tymber. Fol, 4*.
The Quarters about Heatfeld be foreft Ground, and though
Wood be fears there yet there is great Plentie of red Deere,
that haunt the Fennes and the great Mores thereabout, as
to Axholm warde and Tburne Village.
Smart /' Burt. ft Clarefoy Brf,
The
?8 L ELAND'S ITINERARY.
The Lordfhip of Heat f eld fumtyme longgid to the Lord
Mojobray.
From Heatfeld to Thurne Village z. Miles paffing over an
Arme of Dune.
By the Chyrch Garth of Thurne is a praty Pile or Caftelet
wel dikid, now ufid for a Prifon for offenders in the Fo-
reftes, but fumtyme longging to the Mulhrays as Thurne did.
The Ground al about Thurne is other Playn,More or Fenne.
From Thttrne by Water to the great lake caullid the Mere,
almoft at a Mile over, /s a Mile" or more. This Mere is fulle
of good Fifch and Foule.
From the Mere by Water to Wrangton Cote a 3. Miles
in a fmaule Gut or Lode. Al this Way from the Mere to
Wrangton the Water berith the Name of the Brier. The
ground there is very fenni on booth fides.
From Wrangton to wher I cam on
land in the Ifle oi Axholm about a Mile : fo that from Wrang-
ton thither the Water is caullid Iditte $ yet is it the very fame
Water that Bryer ys. And of certente Id'tUe is the * auntient
Name.
The Ifle of * Axholm is a x.Miles in lenght by South and
North : and in bredth a vj. Miles by Weft and ft.
From the Weft Point of Bikers Dike up a long to the great
Mere, the Soyle by the Water is Fenny, and Morifche, and
ful of Carres.
The refidew is meately high ground, fertile of Pafture and
Corne.
The Principal Wood of the Ifle is at Bellegreve Park by
Hep-worth^ and at Meteood Park not far from Hep-worth.
There is alfo a praty Wood at Croole^ a Lordfliip a late
longging to Selleby Monafterie.
Fol. 41. In the Ifle be 7. Paroche Cheches.
Hep-north is the beft uplandifch Toun for building in one
Streate in the Ifle.
Axsy is a bigge Paroche, but the Houfes be more fparke-
lid then at Hepworth.
There was a Caftelle at the South fide of the Chirch
Garth of Oxtun^ wherof no peace now ftandith. The Dike
and the Hille wher the arx ftoode yet be feene : it was fum-
* a Mile over or more St. Defunt Burt.
I auncient. z Axholm in the Margin oppofitc to the firft Line.
time
LELAND'S ITINERARY. 39
time caullid Kinard. The Fery over Trent is a Quarter of a
Mile of.
By Hep-worth and joyning to Bellegrcve Parke remaynith
yet a great Farte of the Maner Place of Lord Mulbray of
Axkolm, chief owner ontyl late dayes of the hole Ifle.
By Mil-wood Park fide ftoode the right fair Monailerie of
the Carthufianes^ wher one oft\\eMut>raisDukesofNortb-
folk was buried in a tumbe of Alabafter.
Mr. Candifch hath now turnid the Monafterie to a goodly
Manor Place.
There was many Yeres fins an old Manor Place at Weft-
butter Wlke apon Trent Ripe.
It longid, as I lernid, to a Gentilman caullid Eellethorf ;
to whom cam alfo by heire general Burneham's Lander, a
Gentilman of the fame Ifle.
Belletborp's Landes after defcendid to Shefefeld: yn the
which Name it hath continuid a y. or 6. defcentes. For in
the Chirch Yard of Oxton^ half a Mile from Melteood Park,
I faw a 5. Tumbes of the Sheffeldes. Young Shefelde* Father
is buried in the Chirch of Oxtun
Sheffeld that was Recorder of London is buried in the
Augufl'ine Freres of London, he fett up highly the Name of
the Sheffeldes by Mariage of the Doughter and fole Heyre
of one Delves, to whom befide was defcendid the Landes of
QU>tbort> and EaKngton. This Sheffeld Recorder began to
build ftately at Butterwik^ as it apperith by a greate Tour
of Brike.
In the Ifle be now thefe 4. Gentilmen of Name, Sheffild^ Pol. 41*
Candifch^ Evert and Mounfun. The Landes of one Belle-
toodde be cum by Mariage to this Mounfun^ a younger Sun
to old Mounfun of Linco/n/bire. This old Mounjun is in a
maner thfc firft avauncer of his Family.
The fenny part of Axholm berith much Galle, a low frutex
fwete in burning.
The upper Part of the Ifle hath plentiful Quarres of Ala-
bafter, communely there caullid Plajler : but iuch ftones as
I faw of it were of no great thiknes and fold for a xijV. the
lode. They ly yn the ground lyke a fmothe Table : and be
beddid one flake under another : And at the Bottom of the
ft Bedde of them be roughe Stones to build withal.
From Dancafler to Caufeby lefys a Mile and more, wher
the Rebelles of Yorkfhir a lately aflemblid.
Thens a a. Miles farther I law on the lifte hond an old
Manor Place caullid , ........ wher the King dynid.
o/f^Mulbrais, named Rogar, Dukes 6cc. St. ft
And
40 L ELAND'S ITINERARY.
And fo to Wentkrid a pore thorough fare a 5-. Miles, wher
Wente ryver rennith under a pracy Bridge of v. Arches of
Stone, and fo to Pontefratf a 3. Miles.
The Ground betwixt Dancafter and Pontfrafl in fum
Places meately wooddid and enclofid Grouncf: in al Places
reafonablv fruteful of Pafture an4 Corne.
Tnefe he thinges that I moft notld in Pontefradt.
Sura old People conftantely adfirme that the Rigge of
Watelyng Streate went thorough the Park of Pontfraff. As
far as I can gether this is the Toune caullid Legeolinm. After
it was caullid Brokent>ridg. Ruines of fuch a Bridg yet ys
feene fcanc half a Mile Eft owt of old Pontfraft ; but I can-
not juftely fay that this Bridge ftoode ful on Watheling Streate.
Fol. 43. Pontefratte is a French Name brought yn by the Laceys
Normans for the Engltjh Word of Broketibridge. Wher as
now the faireft Parte of Pontefraft ftondith on the Toppe
of the Hille was after the Conqueft a Chapel with a few
fparkelid Houfes. the Chapel was caullid S. Leonardes in the
Frithe ; and as I can lerne this Part # of * theTown was caullid
Kirkeby.
Edmunde Lacy buildid the College of White Preres in this
Part of Pontefraft.
Syr Robert Knolletj that was the notableWarrior ynFraunce,
buildid in this Part of Pontefraft Trinite College, having an
Holpital /3 yoinid to. In the College is a Mafter and 6. or 7.
Preftes : and yn the Hofpital be i3.Poore Men and Wimen.
Syr Robert Knolles was ons myndid to have made this College
at his Manor of Skouthorp 3. Miles from Walfingham : but at
the Defier of / Conftance his Wife, a Woman of mene birth
and fumtyme of a diflblute lyving afore Mariage, he tumid
his Purpofe, and made it yn the very place ofPontfraft. wher
his Wife was borne, endowing the College with a i8o/?. land
by the Yere.
The Caftelle ofPontfratt, of * fum caullid f Snorre Cajtelle,
conteinith S.Tourres, of the which the Dungeon caft vnco
6. Roundelles, 3. bigge and 3. fmauL is very fair, and hath
a fair Spring. Ther is in the Dike by North the Conefta-
bles Tourre.
King William Conquerour gave the Caftelle with the
L. of the new Town, ft joynid to it St. Joyning to it B*rt.
y Walpngham for Conftanee in G. J" fometyme for of fum inG.
Norre for Snorre in St. K.fupra n. in Autogr.
t che new Town.
Towne
LE LAND'S ITINERARY.
Towne of Brokenbridg^ and very much Land lying thereabout,
to Hilbert de Laceio, a Noble Norman, this Hubert foundid
the College of S. Clements in the Caftelle.
Ther was a College and * Hofpital in BrokeMdg afore the
Conqueft, wher the Monkes lay ontil the Priorie was erectid.
it is yet an Hofpitale.
Robert Sun to Hllbert Lacy impropriate booth this Hofpi-
tal and S. Clementes yn the Caftelle, apon Conditions, to the
new Priorie.
There is a Dene and a 3. Prebendes yet in S. Clementes in
theCaftellc.
The Hofpiral of S. Nicholas of late daycs earn to the Or-
der of the Priory of S. Of-wald.
The Caftel, Town, and Landes about Brokenbridg longgid
afore the Conqueft to one R ichard Afche nald. Richarahzd
Ailrlk^ and he had S-toane^ of whom cam Adam ? of Adam
cam i. Dcughtters, wherof one of them was maried to Gal-
fride Neville^ the other to Thcmas Burge. But nether of thes
a. had any part of the Quarters of Brokenbridg.
Rol>.rt Sun to Hilhert Lade foundid inftigante Thurftivo
the Priori of Pontfraft, fending ft from Monkes ad Fanunt
7 Charitatis filite $ Cluni.
From Pontfraft to SOfwaldes by much enclofid ad meate-
lyWoddy ground a 3. Miles or more. Where the Paroche
Chirch of S. Ofoaldes is now newly buildid, was in Henry
the firft tyme a Houfe and Chirch of Poore heremites, as in
a woddy Cuntery, on tille one Radulphus Aldla-jer^ Confef-
for to Henry the firft, began the new Monafterie of Cha-
nons, and was tirlt Prior of it hymfelf.
The Building of this Houfe is exceding great and fair :
and hath the goodlyeft Fontein of Condtidt Water that is yn
that Quarter of England.
There lyith a praty Pole at the Weft Ende of the Houfe.
Secundys Prior a poftremo fetchid this Condud: a Mile and
above of: and buildid an exceding faire Keching alfo in the
Monafterie.
From S. OjMJet to Sar.don Village about a 3. Miles by
enclofid Ground, fruteful of Wood, Pafture and Corne, as
a very pleafaunt Countrey to fe to.
* Hofpital of S. Nicolas in Brokenbridg St. ft Lege for.
In Bart, firft. -y Charitatis Clar't^ omifIb^?//>, in G. J Clari
Btrt. t Where the nev> Paroche Chirch G. and ib alfo firft of
all in the Grig, but afterwards Mr. Leland ftruck out new.
L. a Mile and a dim. of.
Vol..i. F Mafter
L ELAND'S ITINERARY.
Mafter Waterton^ a Man of fair Landes, hath a praty Ma-
nor Houfe in * Sandong Paroch. The Chirch of Sandon is
appropriate to S. Stefhanes College at Wefiminfter. .
At the Eft ende of this Village is a praty Caftelet on an
Hilling Ground with a Diche afaoute it. it longid to Warms
Erie of Surrey : now to the King.
From Sandon to Wakefeld about a Mile.
Thefe thinges I efpecially notid in WakefeU.
The faire Bridge of Stone of 9. Arches, under the which
rennith the Ryver of Calder. And on the Eft fide of this
Bridge is a right goodly Chapel of our Lady and a. Can-
tuarie Preftes foundid in it, of the fundation of the Townes
Men as Aim fay : but the Dukes of fork were taken as foun-
ders for obteyning the Mortemayn.
I hard one fay that a fervant of King Edwardes (the 4.) fa-
ther, or els of the Erie of Rutheland, brother to King Ed-
warde the 4. was a great doer of it.
Fol. 47 . There was a fore Batell faught in the fouth Feeldes by
this Bridge. And yn the flite of the Duke of Torkes Parte,
other the Duke hymfelf, or his Sun therle of TLutheland^
was flayne a litle above the Barres beyond the Bridge going
up into the Toune of Wakefeld that ftandith ful fairely apon
a * clyving Ground. At this Place is fet up a Croffe in ret
memoriam. The commune faying is there, that the Erie wold
have taken ther a poore Woman's Houfe for focour, and
me for fere met the Dore and ftrait the Erie was killid.
The Lord Clifford Tor killing of Men at this Batail was caullid
the Boucher.
The Principale Chirch that now is yn Wakefeld is but of a
new Work, but it is exceding fair and large. Sum think that
wereas now is a Chapelle of eafe, at the other ende of the
Toune was ons the old Paroch Chirch.
The Vicarage at the Efte ende of the Chirch Garth is larg
and fair. It was the Perfonage Houfe not very many Yeres
fyns : for he that now lyvith is the 4. or 5. Vicare that hath
been there.
Afore the Impropriation of this Benefice to S. Stefhane
College at Wejhninjier^ the Perfonage was a great Lyving ;
ynfo much that one of the Erles #^rr;w, Lordes oiWakefeld^
and much of the Cuntery thereabout did give the Perfonage
Clyming Eurt.
i Sandon.
to
L E L A N D'S I T I N E R A RY. 43
to a Sunne or nere Kinfman of his : and he made the moft
Parte of the Houfe vvher the Vicarage now is.
A Quarter of a Mile withowte Wakefeld apperith an Hille
of Erth cafte up, wher fum fay that one cf Erles Warines be-
gan to build, and as fall as he buildid violence of Winde de-
f acid the Work. This is like a Fable. Sum fay That it was
nothing but a Wind Mille Hille. The Place is now caullid
Lohille.
The Toune of Wakefeld ftreachith out al in lenght by Eft
and Weft, and hath a faire Area for a Market Place. The
Building of the Toune is meately faire, moft of Tymbre but Pol. 4$
fum of Stone. Al the hole prohte of the Toun ftondith by
Courfe Drapery.
There be few Tounes yn the inwarde Partes of Torkjhire
that hath a fairer fite or foile about it.
There be plenty of Veines of Se Cole in the Quarters
about Wakefeld.
From Wakefeld to Pontefratt a vj. Miles, parte by Enclo-
fure, part by Charnpaine, efpecially in the Midle way caullid
as I remembre Wakefeld Moore.
Almoft in the Midle way I lefte Cole Pittes a litle of on
the right Hande. And not far from this Pittes is the Princi-
pale Hedde ofWente Ryver. There is a Hedde or a. befides.
From Pontefratt to CafteUeford Village z. Miles, moft by
enclofid Ground.
One (hoid me there a Garth by the Chirch Yard, where
many ftraung thingges of Fundations hath be found : and he
fayid that ther had beene a Caftelle, but it was rather fum
Manor Place.
Under Caftelleford Bridge of vij. Arches rennith Aire'R.y-
ver, and a [3.] Miles above this Weft up into the Land is
Sroiltrngton Bridg on the fame Ryver, and z. Miles beneth
Caftelforde is Fery Bridge.
From Caftelleford to Whitneood Village a Mile. There I
fawe in an enclofid Pafture Ground the Diches and Hilles of
an old Caftelle hard apon the Ripe of Calder Ryver. It is
now caullid the Caftel 'Hille , and belongith to one Archibald
Gifeland of Lincolwjbire,
Wateling Streate lyith ftraite over Caflelford Bridge.
Thens to Aberforde v. Miles, partely by low Medow, but
moft after by good high plaine Corne Ground.
* and a Mile above this Weft uf G. There is a Space in St.
after and a,
F * Ther
44 L ELAND'S ITINERARY.
Ther ly by Eft of Aberford a. or 3. long Diches as Campes
of Men of Warre.
I never faw yn any Parte of England fo manifeft Tokens as
heere of the large high Creft of the Way of Wateling Streate
made by hand.
Ahertord is a poore thorough fare on Wuteling Strcat.
Cok bek fpringkh about a Mile by Weft of it and fo ren-
nith thorough it, and thens by much Turning to Leade^ an
Hamelet, wher Skargil had a fair Manor Place of Tymber.
Fol.47. Skargtl a late Knight left a. Doughtters to his Heires,
wherof Tunftalle weddid one, and Gajcoyne of Bedefordejbire
the other.
Cok bek after crokith by Saxton and *Touton Villages feldes,
and goith in to Warfe Ryvqr a beneth Tadcafter.
From Leade to Saxton Village a Mile. Wher Mr. Hun-
defgate dwellith. In the Chyich Yard were many of the
Bones of Men that were killid at Pafmefu nday feld buried.
They lay afore in 5. Pittes, yet appering half a Mile of by
North in ft Saxton Feldes.
To-ceton Village is a Mile from Saxton^ wher is a great
Chapell begon > by Richard 3. but not fmiihid. Syr John
Muttons Far her layid the firft Stone of it.
In thisChapelle were buried alfo many of the Men flayn
at Palmefunday Feeld,
This feeld was as much fought in Saxton Paroch as in Tove-
ton, yet it berith the Name of Torvton.
From ToTFton to Vskette Village aboute a Mile : wher is a
goodly Houfe longging to a Prebend yn Tork 3 and a goodly
Orchard with Walkes of ere topiario.
Higden late Deane of Tork buildid much of this Houfe.
The Ground about Uskel felf is fumwhat low and me-
dowifch, as toward the faulle of Waters about Nunafplcton.
The Paroch of Ryder is but a Mile from Uskelle.
From Vskette to Tadcajler a 3. Miles by good Corne and
Pafture Ground and fum Woodde.
Tadcafter ftandith on the hither Ripe of Warfe Ryver.
and is a good thorough fare.
The Bridge at Tadcajler over Warfe hath 8. faire Arches
of Stone.
Sum fay there that it was lafte made of Parte of the Ruines
of the old Caftelle of Tadcafter.
Tonion Village feldes St. & G. ft Saxton Field. G.
< .-.
\ by twice.
A mighty
LELAND'S ITINERARY. 4*
A mighty great Hille, Dikes, and Garth of thisCaftelle on
Warfe be yet feene a litle above the Bridge, it femith by
the Plot that it was a right (lately thing and
more.
Tadcajler ftandith a Mile from Wateling Streate that tendith
more toward Cairhel, and croffith over Warfe at a place
caullid S. Helenesford^ a Mile and a half above Tadcajler: and
on the other Ripe is .9. Helenes Chapelle. Fol. 4?
iij. Miles and a half above S. Helenesford is Wetherby Vil-
lage, and there is a Bridge of Stone over Warfe.
i. Miles above Wetherby ys Haneood Village, and there
is a Ston Bridg over Warf.
vij. Miles above Harwod is Qtely, and there is a bridg of
Stone over Warfe.
From Tadcafter to Helegh Priory about a ^. Miles by en/-
clofid Ground, one Geffray Haget a Noble Man was firft
Founder of it.
In this Priory were buried fum of the Dcpedales and Sta-
fletons Gentilmen : of whom one Sir Brian Stafleton a va-
liant Knight is much fpoken of.
Geffray Haget was owner of Helegh Lordfliip, and befide
a great owner yn Ainfle.
A'mfle ys caullid of the York/hir Men fuch Partes as ly be-
twixt the Ryvers of Ow/e, Nidde, Warfe and A'ire.
From Helegh Priory fcant a Mile to Helege Village, there
I faw great Ruines of an auncient Manor Place of Stone
that longgid with the fair Woddid Park therby to the Erie of
Northumbreland. It was, y as far as I can perceyve", fum-
tyme the Hagetes Lande.
From Helegh Village to Tork a vij. ij. by meatly woddy
and enclofid Ground, and 4. by playn Champaine, fruteful of"
Corn and Grade.
[H -re are three leaves left blank.~\
From York to Kexhy Bridge by Champaine meately fertile Pol. 4
a v. Miles.
This Bridge of 3. fair Arches of Stone ftandith on the
praty Ryver of Dar-a>ent^ that cummith by Malton. and as I
geffe this Bridge is toward theMidle way by twixt Malton and
Wreft&l^ wher about Dartoent goith ynto Ot/fe.
Bridges apon Darveent above Kexby. Staneford Bridge a
i. Miles of. i Bitttcrc h rambrtdge a Mile. Oufehamhridge a z.
b" yet to bee feem G. )8 aMyle and more from St. y De-
{"unt Burr. ^ Add? miles, ut in Burt. Buterhant bridge St.
Miles
46 LE LAND'S ITINERARY.
Miles of. Kirkham az. Miles or more . ^*V0r/Wz. Miles.
and a a. Miles to the Hed. Malton pTeattrngka
7. Miles. Aybridge 3. Miles.
The commune Opinion ys yet that Part otDarwent Water
ran to Scartwrge, but by y excaving of z. fides of Hilles,Stones
and Yerth felle in great Quantite doun and ftoppid that
Courfe.
Bridges on Darwent byneth Kexly be none, but Men ufe
to pafle over by feries. laving only Sutton bridg of Stone z.
Miles lower then Kevfy.
From Kexby to WMerford Village a Mile and a dim. Wher
was a Priory of Nunnes : and on the left hond not far of was
Catton Park, fumtyme the Percy s^ now the Kinges.
Thens to Rarnehy Village a 3. Miles.
And theiis to Haytojt Village a 3. Miles, wher is a praty
Broke rifing a iMile of yn the Hilles, and paffith to Dar-
v>ent^ J[ as I hard".
But or I cam to Hiyton I paffid over Pokelington bek,
lyving t Pokelington about a Mile of oil the lift hond.
Thens to Thorp Village a Mile.
Thens to Sbefton Village a Mile.
Thens to Wighton a gret uplandifch Village a Mile.
Thens to Santon Village, wher Mr. Langdale dwellith,
a Mile.
Thens to Lekenfeld a vj. Miles.
And al this way bytwixt York and the Parke of Lekenfeld
ys meately fruterul of Corn andGrafle,but it hath litleWood.
I lernid that al this Part of the Eft Ryding ys yn a Hundred
or Wapentake caullid Herthil. And fum fay that it cum-
mith one way to WreJIitl^ and of other Partes touchith much
jl. fo, on the poundes of the Wold^ but the Wold felf is no part
of Herthil. Pokelhigton a Market Toun of a furety ys in
* in the Orig. this Mark 4 is made after more t as if fome-
thing fhould come in there ; and I thought here had been
a tranfpofition. But I now perceive that the words are not
tranfpos'd, but that a word or more is wanting, and that it
fliould be read in this manner : Kirkham a T.. Miles or more./f
Malton Yealdingha 7. Miles. Aybridge 3. Miles.
Aiton brid i. Miles : and a z. Miles to the Hcd. ft Yelding-
ham 7. miles in B. y exchange Tor excaving in St. ^ Defunt
Burt. PokeKnton a mile on the left hand. Burton. Stan-
ton Burt.
Herthil'.
^s^if^p
L ELAND'S ITINERARY. 47
Herthil: and fum fay ignorantly that Bever ley ys alfo. But
Eeverley men take them felf * as an ft exept place.
Lekingfeld is a large Houfe, and ftondith withyn a great
Mote yn one very fpatius Courte. 3. Partes of the Houfe,
faving the meane Gate that is made of Brike, is al of tym-
bre. The 4. Parte is fair made of Stone and fum Brike.
I faw in a litle fludiyng Chaumber ther caullid Paradice
the Genealogie of the Percys.
The Park therby is very fair and large and meately
welle woddid.
Ther is a fair tour of Brike for a Logge yn the Park.
From Lekingfeld to Beverle z. Miles,
Thele Thinges I not id yn Btvcrle.
The Collegiate Chirche of 5". John of a fair uniforme
making, wherin, befide theTumbes of Sainctes, be g.Tumbes
moft notable on the North fide of the Quier : yn one of
them with a Chapel archid over it is buried Percy Erl of
Northumberland, and his Sun Father to the laft Erie.
In ano her is buried Eleanor , Wife to one of the Lord
Percys. And yn another of White Alabafter Idonea Lady
Percy , Wife to one of the Lord Percys.
Under Eleanor' 's Tumbe is buried one of the Percys
a Prefte.
The Prebendaries Houfes ftand round aboute .9. Johrft
Chirche Yard. Wherof the Bifliop of Tork hath one motid,
but al yn Ruine.
The faireft Part of the Provo&es Houfe is the Gate and
the Front.
There be befides yn 2 the Chirch of .'
and the Chirch of S. Nicolas by the Holm, wher the Gut
for the y Catchis is Chirch, at the North Ende Fol./i;
oftheToune, is 3 large, and fair, andcrcffe iflid.
In the Toune were of late *L. Houfis of Freres.
The Blak Freres, as fum fay, of one Goldfmithes Funda-
tion, and fo of the Townes : but the Lord Darcy of late
Tyme ftrove for the Patronage of it with the Toun.
The Gray Freres of the Fundation of the Huthomes Gen-
tilmen of Scorburg by Lekingfeld. The lafte Erie of North'
vmhr. fave one ftrave for the Patronage of it.
* As an exempt place. Burt. ft exempt St. & G. y Cat-
this if ofS. MzryCkircb, St.
Chapul. i the twice. 3 lirg,
There
LELAND'S ITINERARY.
There were 4. Hofpitales in the Toun * S. Giles, wherof
one Wulfe^ as it is thought, afore the ft Conqueft was. it was
longging to the Bisihops of Tork ontyl fuch Tyme that Bis-
fhop Giffard intitelid it to Wartre, a Priorie of Chanons in
Torkjhlr. It came a late to the Erie of Rutheland^ and he
fuppreffid it.
Trinlte Hoffital yet ftondith yn the Hart of the Toun :
fum fay one Ake foundid it.
Ther was an Hofpital of S. Nicolas by the Blak Freres,
but it is dekayid.
Ther is an Hofpitale yet ftandying hard without the North
Foundation of x. Ma
Bargate of the Foundation of x. Marchant men,
and Hogekin Qverfhal. As I remembre ther is an Image of
our Lady over this Hofpitale Gate.
Ther is an Houfe alfo of the Trinite aboute the Eft fide
of the Toune : and longgid to the Order of the Knighttes
of S.John's.
The Toune of Beverle is large and welle buildid of Wood.
But the faireft Part of it is by North, and ther is the Mar-
ket kept.
Ther was good Cloth making at Beverle : but that is
nowe much decayid.
The Toune is not waullid : But yet be there thefe many
fair Gates of Brike, y North Barre. New b';gyn Bar by Weft, and
KeUegate Barre by Weft alfo.
Fol. ja. From Sever le to Cotingham a 3. Mile, wherof a. was
welle woddid, and at the a. Miles Ende I lent the great
Park of Beverle on the lift Hond : and fo a Mile by low
Medow grounde to Cotingham. Al the Ground about Co-
tingham up^to Meaufe Abbay, and al that Quarter that
goith ? up" on every fide up to Kingeflon apon Hulle
is low ground very fruteful or Medow and Pafture.
Entering into the South Part of the great Uplandifch Toun
ofCotingham^ I faw vfhtrStutev ; Ues Caftelle, dobill dikid and
motid, ftoode, of the which nothing now remaynith. The
Landes of this Signiorie and Lordlhip greatly privilegid cam
of later tymes by Divifion ynto 4. Partes, wherof now a late
the King had one Part, the Countes of Saresby another, the
* Put a full point after Toun. ft Conaueft -was the Foundar.
it was St. y North barre, Newbigny bar by Weft, and Kel-
legate barre by Weft alfo. From Beverle &c.] So in the Ori-
ginal : but North barre, New Biggen, Barreby by Weft,
and Ketgate. From Beverley in Burton. $ Dclendum.
L ELAND'S ITINERARY. 49
Erl of Wcftmerland the 3. and the Lord Pays the 4. At this
Tyme the King hath al, faving The Lord Pays part. Fol. 73.
At this prefent Tyme be 4. iundry meane fermers Houfes,
as one for eche of the 4. Lordes, withyn the Caftelle Garth.
The lenght of the Toun of Cotingham is by Sought and.
The Paroch Chirch of it is auncient and meatly larg.
ThePerfonage is not very fair forfo great a * Benefice, it
lyyth on the North fide of the Chirch Garth.
The Paroch of Cotingham is very larg.
Ther rennith a bck by the Eft End of Cotingham. it rifith
yn a Wood a a Mile by North, and rennith by Eft a Mile
and 3 a half by neth Cotingham yn to Hulle Ryver at a place,
as I remember", caullid Newfande.
From Cotingham to Kingejlon about a 4. Miles by low
Ground, wherof 2. Miles be caufey way, dikid on booth
fides.
Cotingham ys not even the next Way from Reverie to
Kingfton. for going the /3 next Kingeflon is caullid but 6,
Miles from Sever le.
The Towne of Ktngeflon was in the Tyme of Edward
the 3. bur a meane fifchar Toune, y and longid as a Membre
to HaJiUe Village a 2. or 3* Mile of upper on Humbert
The firft great encreafmg of the Towne was by palling for
fifch into Iceland, from whens they had the hole trade of
Stoke fifch into England, and partly other Fifch. In Richard
+ the 2. Dayes the Town waxid very rich : and Michael
De la Po/
one Rotenhering of the fame Toun, cam into fo high favor
for Wit, A&yvite, and Riches, that he was made Counte of
Soutbfolk) wherapon he got of King Richard the 2. many
. Graunres and Privileges to the Toune. And yn his Tyme
the Toune was wonderfully augmentid yn building, and was
enclofid with Diches, and the Waul begon, and yn conti*
nuance endid and made al of Brike, as moft Part of the
Houfes of the Toun at that tyme was.
In the Walle be 4. principal Gates of Brike. The North
Gate having 4. Wardes, bytwixt the which and Reverie Gate
beix.TouersofBryke. andyn one of themaPoftern. Ther
* Defunt Buit. ft next way Kingefton St. Way addit Burt.
and longed^ AS Men report^ to Hamle G.
t Benifice. a Mile of by. i an h?!f. 4. the a fecundes.
Vol.i. G be
L ELAND'S ITINERARY,
be ?. Toures of Brike and a Poftern in one of them, as I
remember, bytwixt Beverle Gate zndMiton Gate. Ther be
g. Toures of Brike betwixt Miton Gate and HaJfOe Gate of
3. Wardes. And from thens to the Mouth of the Havin
tt Mouth be a ^.Toures of Brik, to the which theHw^r Se
cummith, and in one of thefe is a Pofterne to the Shore.
And becaufe that the Waul from Haftlgate to this Poftern
lyith ftrait as a lyne, ther is muchGabylle making and Wynd-
ingof Hempe for frnaul Cordes.
From the Mouth of Hulle Ryver upper ynto the Haven
ther is no Waulle, but every Marchant hath his Staires even
to the North Gate.
Suburbes in the out Part of theToun be none.
Michael De la Pole buildid a goodly Houfe of Brik again the
Weft end of S. Maries Chirch lyke a palace with goodly
ft Orchard and Gardein at large, enclofid with Brike.
Michael De la Pole buildid alfo 2. Houfes befides in the
Town, wherof every one hath a'Toure of Brike. a. of them
be in the Hart of the Toun. The 3. is apon Hulle Ripe in
the Haven fide.
There be y i. Ghirchis yn theToun, the7r///*, and S.Ma-
ries, f and nother of them by the Name of an Hedde Pa-
rocn Chirche.
The Trinite Chirch moft made of Brike is the larger a gret
deale and the fairer.
Ther ly 4. notable Chapelles on the South fyde of this
Chirch erode iflid.
A Chapel of theFundation otHanby and one Richard ' ^-Han-
fun Marchauntes.
The next is a Chapel made as fum fay* by a Chaun-
celar of Lincoln.
The 3. is a Chapelle of Stone, made by Bisfhop AlcoeJe , .
borne in Beverle : wheryn Gut. Ahok and Johan^ Parentes
[to the Bifliopl be buried, and ther is a Cantuarie.
The loweft Chapelle is caullid the Mariners Chafelle.
Ther is alfo a Chapel in the Body of the Chirch made
by one Rippelingham, Preft, whos Father a Marchaunt of
the Toune lyith there : and ther is a Cantuarie.
* Mouth be a 5-. Toures &c. ] To Mouth redundat.
ft Orchards and a Garden G. 73. Burt. $ and another by
the name of G. And another by the name of B. DefuntB,
i tour. a. Hanfiun.
Ther
LELAND'S ITINERARY. ?i
Ther is a Chapelle alfo on the North fide of the CrofTe
Ifle of one Robert Froft, a Marchaunt Man.
The Tourre in the Crofle Ifle of this Chirch for the Belles
is larg and fair.
In the South fide of this Chirch Yarde is the fre Schole
ere&id by Biiliop Alcock.
In the Weft End of the Chirch Yard is the fair Row of
* Longginges from Preftes of the Toun made by one John
Grigge, Mair of the Toun, and by it is an Hofpitale made by Fol. j6.
the lame John Grigge.
And therby ys the Mariners Hofpital.
Selbys Hofpitale is on the North iide of the Chirch Yard.
Selby is buried yn the South fide of the Waulle of /3 Ifle by
the Quire : and his Wife alfo with very fair Images.
The White Freres College ftode by Beverlegate. The Per-
cys were taken for Founders of it.
The Aueuftine Freres ftode at the Eft Ende of Trinlte
Chirch.
The Toun Haul is therby and a Tour of Brik for aPrifon.
Moft part of the Brik that theWaulles and Houfesof King-
flon v wer buildid was made without theSouth fide of theToun.
the Place is caullid the Tylery.
At fuch tyme as al the Trade of Stokfifch for England
cam from Ifleland to Kingfton, bycaufe the burden of Stok-
fifch was light, the Shipes were baliffid with great coble
Stone brought out of Ifleland^ the which yn continuance pavid
al the Toun of Kingejton thoroughout.
The toune of Ktngejton had firft by Graunt Cuftodem. then
Bailives. then Maire and Bailives : and in King Henry the 6.
tyme a Maire, a Shirive, and the Toun to be Shire ground
by it felf.
One told me that their firft greatCorporation was gratmtid
to Kingetton a iSo.Yere fyns.
The Charter Houfe of the De la Poles fundation. and an
Hofpitale of their Fundation ftonding by it, is without the Fol. r 7.
North Gate. The Hofpitale ftandith. Certein of the De
la Poles wher buried yn this Cartufan Monaftery : and at the
latefupprefling of it were founde dy verfe trowehes of Leade
"Lodgings for Priefts St. G. a B. non variat. Lodginges
for the Priefts B. ft The Ifle B. */ v>er buildid -with wot
made St. & G. } Cole Stones G. but three points are put
under ole, and in the margin is written Coble^ with two
points under b. Cole ftones B. The firft great Corpo-
ration was graunted an 1 80. Yeares fmce B. ^ Troughes B.
G 2, with
LE LAND'S ITINERARY,
with Bones in a Volte under the High Altare ther. Moft
part of this Monaftery was buildid withBrike, as theRefidew
of the Buildinges ofHulte for the moft part be.
The next trajeftus from K'tngfion to the Shore of Hvmbre
in Lincolvjbir is about a 3. Mile to a place caullid Golftete.
Yet the communer trajedt is from Kingefton to Eerton
# apon, and yt is a 7. Miles of : and is countid, by refon of
the violent cafting of the Streme, as good a Paflage as to
Golfiete.
From Kingejlon to Patrington , wher is an Havenet or
Creke for Shipes, a x. Miles, on Hunker y Shore on Torkfiir.
Thens to Ravensburg, the very point on Tork fide of the
Mouth of Hummer , i o. Miles.
Thens to Hornefey fmaul Creke an 18. Miles.
Thens to Bridlington Haven a iz. Miles.
Thens to Flamborow hcd, pointing into the Se, a 3. Miles.
and fo a 9. Miles to Scarborow : and as the next way liyth a
Scarborow is as nere to Bridlington as it is to Flamburg.
Thens an 8. Miles to a Fiicher Tounlet of 2.0. * Bootes
caullid Robyn Huddes Bay , a Dok or Bofom of a Mile yn
lenghth ; and thens 4. Miles to Whiteby^ wher is an havenet
holp with a peere and a great fifcharToune.
Thens to the Mouth of Tcfe a xv. Miles.
ZFromKixge/lontoBeverle a vj. Miles, by the gaineft way
a v. by low Pafture and Marfch Ground, and a Mile by en-*
clofid and fumwhat woddy ground".
From Beverle to Walktngton Village a i. Mile , one by
enclofid, and another by Chaumpain good corne ground.
From Walktngton Village to Northcave Village v. Miles
by fair Champain Corn Ground.
There rennith a Broke by Northcave and fo into Humbre,
From Northcave to Scalby a g. Miles, al by low Marfch
and Medow Ground, leving the Arme of Humbre on the
lift Hond yn fighte.
This Fenne is communely caullid WauUyng Fenne : and
hath many Carres of Waters in it : and is fo bigge that a 58.
Villages ly in and butting of it, wherof the moft part be yn
Hffughden Lordfhip longging to the Bisfhop of Durefme : and
part yn Harthil Hunderhh.
The Fenne is a 16. Miles inCumpace, and is al ofHougfo-
denjhtre.
<* Upon Humber, and is B. /3 L. and that a 7. Miles
tf. */ Shire on TorkjJnr] in is written over on in G. In JS,
* Boates B. Settio if a decfi in B.
From
LELAND'S ITINERARY. ?J
From Walkington to Hoveden a xij. Miles, al yn Have Jen- Fol. jg.
Jbir.
And thens Hovedenjhir goith almoft to the Mouth of Dar-
went, and fo up on Httmber Shore as good as zo. Miles by Wa-
ter at to very Boundes of Ferity.
From Scalfy to Hoveden 4. Miles , fcant one by enclofid
Failure .and 3. by Morifche and Fenny Ground.
The Toun of Howden the only Market of Howdevfloirc is
of no great Reputation. The Colligiate Chirch is auncient
and meatly faire. Ther be 5-. Prebendes by thefe Names,
Hovedene. Thorpe. Saltmarfch. "Barnely and Skelton. In the
Quire lyith one John of Hovedene^ whom they caul a Sainct,
one as they fay of the firft Prebendaries there.
It apperith by Infcription of a very fair Stone varii Mar-
mans that the Bowelles of $ Walter Skerlaw, Bisfhop of Dir-
ham, were biried in Hotvden Chirch.
There is alfo a Tumbe in a Chapel of the Sout Part of
the Croffe Ifle of the Chirch of one of the Metehams.
The Bisfhop of Dirham Palace liyth on the South of the
Chirch, wherof the firft Part at the Entre is of Tymber :
the other 3. moft of Stone and Part of Brike.
Certen Chirchis of Howdenjhir do Homage to Hoveden
Chirch.
There is a Park by Hovedene longging to the Bisfliop of
Durefine yn the way to Wrefehll.
In Hovedenjhir be thefe Gentilmen of moft Fame.
Metekam of Meteham half a Mile from Humberfide.
Mounteton of
Portington of Portington.
From Hovedene to Hemingburge yn the way toward York
y about '' a z. Miles.
There be yn the fmaule Collegiate Chirch QiKemingkurgh
longging to Dyrham $ ^. fmaul Prebendes.
From Hoveden to Wrefehil a 3. Miles al by low Medow Fol. ;j,
and Pafture Ground wherof Part is enclofid with Hegges.
Yet is the Ground that the Caftelle of Wrefehil ftandith
on fumwhat high yn the Refpedt of the very lough Ground
theraboute.
Moft Part of the BaOe Courte of the Caftelle of Wrefebil
is al of Tymbre,
to the very St. To the very B. ft He built the Steeple
and repaired the Church and Hall of the Manner, and dyed
140^, 7. H. 4. add'tt B. in marg. qufe of the Eft
Parte of the Cite of Tork.
Fyrft a great Towre with a Chein of Yren to cafte over
the Oufe : then another Tower, and fo to Boudom Gate :
From Boudom Bar or Gate to Goodrome Gate or Bar ' x.
Toures. Thens 4. Toures to Lay thorp a Pojlerngate : and
fo by the fpace of a a. P flite Shottes the blynde and depe
Water of Fo/e cumming oute of the Foreft of Galtres de-
fendith this Part of the Cyte without Waulle. Then to
Waume Gate 3. Toures, and thens to F/^w Gate ftoppid up
fins the Communes burnid it yn the Tyme of King Heury
the 7. And yn the W^ul by this Gate is a Stone with this
Infcription : LX. Tardes yn lenghth Anno D. 1445. William
Todde Mair of York did this Cofie.
Sum fay that Waume Gate was ered-tid at the flopping up of
Fifchar Gate : but I dout of that.
Thens to the Ripe of Fo/e a 3. Toures, and yn the 3. a Fol. 6ii
Pofterne.
And thens over Fo/e by a Bridge to the Caftel. Fo/e
^Bridge of . . . . Arches above it : * Laithorpfoidge on FoJJe
of 3. Arches. Monke Bridge on Fo/e of 5. Arches withoute
Goodrome Gate.
The Area of the Caftelle is of no very great Quantite.
There be a 5. minus Toures in it.
The arx is al in ruine : and the roote of the Hille that yt
ftondith on is environid with an Arme derivid out of Fo/e
Water.
Thefe be the notable Places withyn the Waul of that Part
of Tork that ftandith on the Eft fide of Ovfe. The Cathe-
drale Chirch with the Palace betwixt Boudom Gate and Go-
drom Gate. S. Leonardes fumtyme a Priory of Chanons.
Defunt B. ft Slite Shootes B.
i Bridge of f , Arches. 2 Laithorpbridg.
There
tf LE LAND'S ITINERARY.
There be viij. Arches yn eche of the fide Ifles of the Body
of the Cathedrale Chirch of Tork^ and 4. on eche Part of
the cros Ifle. and 9. on eche of the Ifles of the fides of the
Eft Part of the Chirch.
The Augujline Freres bytwixt the Toure on Oufe Ripe
and Owfe Bridge having 6. Arches.
The White Freres not very far from Laythorpe Gate.
Ther was a Place of the Bigotes hard withyn Laithorp
Gate"^ and by it an Hofpital of the Bigotes Fundation. Syr
Francis Bigot let booth the Hofpital and his Houie al to
mine.
The Hofpitale of S. Antony foundid about a 100. Yeres
fyns, by a Knight ofTork/hir, caullid John Langtoun. Sum
fay that he was Mair of fork.
The Gray Freres not far from the Caftelle.
The Priori of Blak Cbanons with the Hofpital of S. L,eo~
nardes.
The Hofpitale Northwarde ft above Fojfe Bridge of the
Foundation of the Marchantes of the Toun, and dedicate to
the Trinite.
The Chapelle on Fo/e Bridge.
Ther was a Fundation of an Hofpitale hard without the
very fide ofMichelgate of the erecting of Syr Richard of Tork ^
Mair of Tork^ whom the Communes ofTorkfiir when they
enterid into Tork by brenning of Fiffcher Gate in the Reign
of Henry the 7. woold have behedid. y But the Fundation was
never nnifhid.
S. Marie Abbay without Boudon Gate.
' S. Andreq a Houfe of Chanons Gilbertines by Ov>fe with-
out Fiflchargate.
Ther was a Houfe of Religion about one of the Barres of
Torke, wherby the Burgeges of York and the Hena-wdes that
cam to war in aid of Ed-ward the 5. faute, and divers were
flain. ^ I hard one fajr that it was a Houfe of Whit Monkes"*
A Chapelle and the* Toun Haule above Oufekridg on the
*/4CwV Eft Ripe with a Gild and an Hofpitale.
A Chapelle or Chirch on Oufe bridg.
Oufe Bridg hath 6. Archis.
From Tork to Aire-Mouth apon Oufe by Water a 14. Miles*
Thens to Hulle ^^. Miles.
From Trk to Boro-a> Bridge by Water a 16. Miles.
Fol. 61: The Weft Part of the Cite of Tork is this enclofid : fir ft a
Defunt B. ft about for above in St. About B. v L. But
this Foundation, f Defunt B. ^6> B.
Turret,
L ELAND'S ITINERARY. 5-7
Turret, and fo the Waul rennith over the fide of the Dut>
geon of the Caftelle on the Weft fide ofOufe right agayn the
Caftelle on the Eft Ripe. The Plotte cf this Caftelle is
now caulUd the old Baile and the Area and Diches of it do
* manifefteley appere. Betwixt the Beginning of the firft-e
Part of this Weft Waulle and Michel Gate be ix. Toures :
and betwixt it and the Ripe again of Ov>fe be a xi. Tcures*
and at this lower Tower of the xi. ys a Pofterne Gate : and
the Toure of it is right again the Eft Toure to draw over
the Chaine on Owfe betwixt them.
In this Weft Part was a Priory of Blak Monkes caullid
the tt Tr'tnite.
The Nunnery of Clement Thorpe ftode without the Waul
of the Weft Part right again S Andreas.
Ther was alfo not far from Michel Gate a Houfe of Blake
Freres.
The Fraunches and Liberties of Torke ftreache far aboute
them, /3 efpecial by the Enclofing^s of certeyn Ryvers there-
about. And one way it cummith to the very Bridge of
Taacafler apon Warfe.
From York to Stokton yn the Moore a 3 . Miles by low Pa- Fol. 6 3.
fture and Moorifch Ground.
Thens a 5. Miles by much lyke Ground, and fo paffid over
a Broke cumming from Shirifwottes Caftelle Quarters. The
Place wher I paffid over it is communely caullid the Sfitel^
corruptly for HoffitaLe.
A litle beyond that as about half a Mile is Whitev>eUeV\\-
lage : and a Mile of on the right hond by a Wood ysKirkkam.
Thereabout the Feeldes for a Miles fpace were inclofid,
and fum Woodes therabout.
Thens a a. Miles by Fyrry to a Bek caullid Crambek^ cum-
ming from Hinderskelle Caftelle ftonding yn ground ful of
Springes. This Bek goith into Darwent not far of. Hinder-
fkel is 2. Miles from Malton.
yMalton is z() .Miles from HulleJ xx. to Beverle, vj . to Hulle".
* After Trinite are thefe words added in St. which are
wanting in the Orig. Mauricius Paxiill was Foundar there of
In the 16. Yere o/William Rufus. ft efpecially St. &G. Efpe-
cially B. y Malton is 16. &c. ] This line ftands in the
Marg. of the Orig. f Defvnt B.
'Vol. i. H Thens
5 8 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Thens to Malton a 3. Miles : and the Ground is hilly there
and dalyand plentiful of Corne and Pafture.
Fol. $4. The Toune of Malton flondith as I cam onto it on the
hither fide of Dartpent, and hath a good Market and a. Cha-
pelles in it as Members to the Paroche Chirch of Malton yet
ftonding, where the late Priory yn old Malton was. It is a
Quarter of a Mile above the Toun on the fame fide of Dar-
The Caftel of Malton hath been larg, as it apperith by the
Ruine. There is at this Tyme no habitation yn it, but a
mene Houfe for a Farmer.
Thefe Men * hath the Lordfhip of Malton in Partition.
The Lord Clifford, Tevers, and one of the Comers. But fevers
hath befide the hole Lordfhip of old Malton.
Lord William Vefcy and diverfe of the Tevers wer buried
at Malton. The old Inheritaunce of the Tevers is Wotton Ca-
ttelle /a yn the Bisfhoprik. Tevers hath alfo y a goodly by Mit-
ford in Northumbreland caullid Berwik on theHil.
The Lord Vsfcy left a Doughter that was maried to Alton.
and the Doughter of Alton was maryed to the Lord Brora-
feld: and his 3. Dough ters to Clifford, levers, and Cottiers of
Sokhurne.
Rie cumming out of Blakmore paflith by Rivers Abbay,
and takith in of the lift hand of it RicoUe : then Seven, then
Cofley and Pykering brooke.
Seven rifkh, f as I could eftimate", in the fide of Blake
More, and thens goith by Sinington, wher the Lord Latimer
hath a fair Manor Place a 4. Miles from the Town of Py-
kering : and about a Mile above ...... Bridge on Ry go-
ith ynto Rye Water.
Cofley fpringith in the egge of the very toun of Pykering
a( a place caullid Keldehedde. and goith ynto Rie a ^. Miles
beneth Pyksrtng about Kyrkehy Minfter.
Pykering Water rifith in Blakemore and goith half a Mile
benethe Pikering into Cofley.
Mount Ferrant Caftelle ftoode z. Miles from Malton in the
Lordfliip and Paroche of T Brydejhaul. It is now clerely de-
facid, and buflches grow wher it ftoode. This Caftelle fum-
* Have B. ft yn the Bisjhoprik of Durham. Yeyers hath
alfo a goodly Lordfhip by G. y A goodly Lordfhip by B.
f Defunt B. t The very edge B. L. Byrdejhaul.
i Byrdefeaul.
time
L ELAND'S ITINERARY. 59
time belongid to the Lord Mauttty. of the which ftok ther Petrut **
were 8. yn Succeffion, al by the name of Peter. The lafte M< *'* l * cli -
of thefe Peters left a. Doughters, wherof one was marled to
Bigot , and the other to Sal-waine. * Bigot ' had theDivifion .
Mougreve with S.Tounelettes ther about the Se coft longging
to it, wherof Seton therby was one. he had alfo Mountferrate
with Birdc/jjaal and Suadale Lordfhip in Richemontjhire with
i3 other.
Saultoajne had for his Part yof Mattl-
leyt Landes " the Barony of Eggefton Ther was ens a fair Manor
on Eske not far from Wkitby. alfo frLok- Place of Maulleys at Barugh.
ington, Bariigh^ not far from Watton on Petrus de Malo lacu Dns de
Hulle Ryver. NeJJnplk and the Lord- Dancajfre.
fliip of Dancafler : for the which Dan-
cafter he toolce a Lordfliip caullid ........ of Percy^
the which after by attaindure of one of the Percys cam thus Fol. 6s>
to the Kinges Handes. For though Percys were reftorid to
their Inheritaunce, yet they loft Daneafter as a Peace got by
Exchaung or Byinge.
The only Houfe and Lordfliip of Ceterington was Bigotes
of i Torkejhtr firft Inheritaunce there. For it longid afore to
Bigot Erl Marefcal, and fo cam as Landes entailid to the
Heire Male to a Younger Brother of the Bigotes. Diverfe of
the Bigotes ly buried in the ParochChirch of Ceterington.
Sum fay That Mount Ferrant was thus throuen doune.
The a. or the Bigotes of Ceterington after the Death of Bigot
Marefcal did fecretely woe and wan the Wylle of one of
the Alhemarles Doughters Erie of Holdernes. 3 Whereapon
Alhemarle with great Indignation, Bigot being abfent, af-
faultid Mount Ferrant^ wan it and rulid it : yet Bigot after made
his Peace with Albemarle : and had his Doughtter by meane
of * Interceffor, emong whom the Prior offPatton was chifeft,
to whos HoukBygot after for love impropriatid the Perfonage
of Byrdejhaule. And fum fay that this Bigot made of the
Manor Place of Mougreve a Cartel in Recompence of
Mount Ferrant.
lle ftondith on%apon a Craggy Hille : and
L. Bigot had yn Dhifion Mougreve &c. /3 others G.
y Defunt B. < No ftop after Lokington in G. Lokington
and Barough 9 where was once a fair Manner-Place, not far
from &c. B. Interceffyon St. Deejl B. & quidem redun-
dat. v apon deeft St.
i had yn divifion Mougreve. a Yorkfhir. 3 wherapon.
H ^ on
60 L ELAND'S ITINERARY.
on ech fide of it is an Hille far higher then that whereon the
Caftellc ftondith * on". The North Hille on theToppe of
it hath certen Stones communely caullid J#Wf&f Grave,whom
the Feople there fay to have bene a Gigant and owner of
Mougrs've. ft There is by thefe Stones y a bek yn out of the
Mores by Mougrevc cum doun by many Springes, a. bekkes
one cf * ech fide of the Caftelle, $ and yn the Valeys of the
Fol. 66. z. great Hilles. The one is caullid iSavdtbek, the other Eji-
bek, and ftiortely after goith to the Se that is not far of.
From Malton to Shirburne Villag about an 8. Miles by
ChampaineGround, fruteful of Grafs and Corne, but litle or
no Wood. The Erie of Saresbyrt was Lord of Shirburn : and
King Rkhard had it by Anne his Wife.
From Shirburne by Hilles on the right Hond and low
Ground with Carres on the lift Hond a v. Miles to Semar^
a great Uplandifch Toune, having a greate Lake on the
South Weft fide of it. Whereof the Toun takithe Name.
I faw yn the Quire of the meane Paroch Chirch there a
Playn Marble Stone i yn the Quire, with an Epitaphi yn
French^ wher were buried John Percy and Johan de Aton.
The Manor Place of the Percys at the Weft end of the
Chirch Garth is large but t, [of rfjcheBuilding : the Chapel yn
[it only] ys welle buildid.
Thens a Mile by meatly playn Ground, and fo a. Miles
more yn a vale enclofid with ftepe Hilles on ech fide to
Scardeb:,rg.
Scardeburg Toune though it be privilegid, yet it femith to
be yn Pikering Lithe, tor the Caftelle of Scardeburgh is
countid of the Jurifdiction of Pikerlng, and the Shore from
Scardeburgh to the very Point of Philaw Bridge by the Se
about a vj. Miles from Scardeburgh toward Bridtington is of
Ptkerlng Ltth JurifdidHon. Scardeburg wher it is not de-
fendid by the Warth and the Se is waullid a litle with Ston }
i on deeft G. Deeft B. ft There is by thefe Stones a bekin.
Out of the Mores by Mougreve cum doune by many Springs a.
Bekkss^ one of ech? fide &c. Sr. Mr. Gale's Copy agrees with
the Orig. only it hath points after be k yn. y A beck in . ,
, coming out of the Moores by Moa/grave by
many Springes, two becks &c. B. J all yn the Valeys of i.
great Hilles for and yn the Valeys of the ^. g. H. in G. * yn
the Attire defunt G. { of no riche Building St.
i cche. i Ssndbek.
but
LELAND'S ITINERARY. 61
but moft with Diches and Waulles of Yerth. In theToune
to encre by Land be bur a. Gates : NewburgkGate, meately
good, and Atdeburgh Gate, very bafe. The Tcune ftondith
* hole on a flaty Clife : and flioith very fair to the Se fide.
Ther is but one Paroche Chirch in the Town of our Lady. FoJ. 67.
joyning almoft to the Caftelle : it is very faire and is ifiea
on the tides, and erode iflid, and hath 3. auncientTowres for
Belles with /3 Pyramides of them : Wherof 2.. Toures be at
the Weft End of the Chirch, and one yn the Midle of the
Crofs Hie. There is a great Chapelle y by fide by the Nev-
borotv Gate.
There were yn the Toun 3. Howfis of Freres, Gray,
Blake and White.
At the Eft Ende of the Toune, on the one Poynt of the
Bofom of the Se, where the Harborow for Shippes is, ftond-
idi an exceding goodly larg and ftronge Caftelle on a ftepe
Rok, having but one way by the ftepe flaty Crag to cum to
it. And or ever a Man can entre areant CafteUi ther be ^.
Toures, and betwixt eche of them a Draw Bridg, having
ftepe f Rok on eche fide of them. In the firft Court is the./4r.v
and 3. Toures and row. and then yoinith a Waul to them,
as an Arme * down from the firft Courte to the Point of the
Se Cliffe, conteining in it vj. Toures, wherof the ^. is fquare,
and fulle of Longging, and is caullid the 3 Queens Tovre or
"Lodging.
Without the firft Area is a great Grene, conteyning ( to
reken down to the very more) a xvj. Acres, and yn it is a
Chapelle, and befide olde Waulles of Houfes of Office that
4 ftood there. But of al the Caftelle the Arx is the eldeft and
the ftrongeft Part, the Entery of the /Caftele betwixt the
Draw Bridges is fuch that with u Coftes the Se might cum
round about theCaftelle,the which ftandith as a litleForeland
or Poynt betwixt a. Bayes.
At the South Eft Point of Scarburgh Toun by the Shore is
a Bulwark, now yn Ruine by the Se Rage, made by "Richard
the 3. that lay a while at 5km&rg; Caftelle, and $ befide be- Fol-^r
gan to waul a Pece of the Toun quadratofaxo.
Wholly B. fi Pyramided on them G. y by fide'} befidts
G. ? Roh St. & G. * On a rowe B. Lodgings G.
v Coft G. Coft B. 9- befde began to waul &c. ] G. agrees
with B. Befides beganne a peece of the Tower quadrate
/* * "D
jaxo D.
i Waule*. a downc, 3 Quenes. 4 ftoode, / Caftelle.
Ther
6i L ELAND'S ITINERARY.
Ther cummith by South Efte of the Bulwark a Rill of
Frefch Water, and ib goirh ynto the Se.
I hard there of an old Mariner that Henry the Firft gave
grete Privilege to the Town of Scardeburge.
The Peere wherby focour is made for Shippes is now fore
decayid, and that almoft yn the Midle of * it.
The Toune of Scardeburge is 36. Miles from HuUe. ft 30. to
Reverie and vj. to Hutte.
From Scardcburg to Robyn Hudde; Bay an 8. Miles : and
thens to IVh'itby, wher a new Key and Port is yn making of
Stone faullen down yn the Rokkes thereby : and al this is
cliffy Shore : and fo is the Shore to Tefe Mouth thens juft y 16 .
Miles, faving a 6 . Miles toward the Mouth of Tefe Ry ver.
From Scardekurg to Bridlington 9. Miles al be Cliffes to
UlamboroTD, and fo to the Mouth of Bridlington Haven.
As Flamburgh Point lyith, Bridlington lyith as nere to Scar-
deburgh as Flambttrg doith.
Hamburg is now taken rather for a Maner Place then a
Caftelle.
From Bridlington to ? Hornefey a xij. Miles by i
Shore.
Thens xviij. Miles to Ravenfpurgh, and x. to Patrington,
a Toun of no Market, yet having an Havenet. Thens to
Heddon Haven a 6. Miles, and 4. to Hulls.
Heddon hath beene a fair Haven Toun : it ftandith a Mile
and more withyn the Creke, that cummith out of Humbre
ynto it.
The Se Crekes parting aboute the fayde Toun did infu-
late it, andShippis lay aboute the Toun : but now men cum
Fol. 6?. to it by 3. Bridges, wher it is evident to fe that fum Places
wher theShippes lay be over growen withFlagges andReades :
and the Haven is very forelv decayid.
There were 3. Paroche Chirchis in Tyme of Mynde : but
now ther is but one of S. Auguftine : but that is very fair.
And not far from this Chirch Garth appere tokens of a
Pile or Caftelle that was fumtyme ther for a Defence of the
Town. The Town hath yet greate Privileges with a Mair
and Bailives: but wher it had yn Edrearde the 3. Dayes many
good Shippes and riche Marchaunts, now there be but a few
* After the -word it Mr. Burton' t Copy has feme Points , at if
fomething were -wanting. But there are none in the Original,
ft In G. is ao. for 30. v ^6. in St. for 16. $ Honefey B.
* No points after by in St. Thefe Crekes B.
Botes
LELAND'S ITINERARY. 63
Botes and no Marchauntes of anyEftimation. * Suarning and
choking of the Haven, and Fier defacing much of the Toun
hath beene the Decay of it.
Sum fay That the Staple of Woulle of the North Partcs
was ons rher. Treuth is that when Hulle began to flourifh
Heddon decaied.
The Erie of Albemarle and Holdernes was Lord of Heddon :
and alfo of Skipton yn Craven at the fame Tyme.
This Erie had a great Maner Place at Newton, a Mile by-
neth Hedon^ nerer to Humbre then it. for it ftondith on the
lower fide of the Creke : and Heddon on the upper.
/3 Ther y be a. Cantuarie Preftes foundid by the Albemarlet
at Newton.
The Albemarles had alfo a Caftelle or great Manor Place
at ^ Ski f fey yn Holdernes ^ not far from the Shore, a vj. or vij.
Miles from Bridlington.
The Countery of Holdernes ys thus encludid. Firft by the
i Confines * of the Shore betwixtBnVt^agtoft and Skipfiy. Then
for the Erles Dike, made by one of the Albemarles Erles
of Holdernes : and this Dike ys a 2. or r_ a , , .
4. Miles from Bridlington, and goith , tflouith athighSpnngges
withyn a litle of Frodingham- Bridge of tO *"**&* bridge. Thefe
Tymbre, the only Bridge on HuUe Wa- retdoth exclud it.
And there I lernid of ^Ar. Cone fl able ^ That the Cuntery ly-
ing on the North Eft fide ofDarwent from Shir burn e Paroch
to Stanford Bridg on Dartcent is of an Hunderith, bering the
Name < Hercrofle, and lyith * betwixt the Wcold and Ridate.
Thefe Houfes of Religion were in Pikerhg Lith on Dar-
spent :
Wikeham a Priory of Nunnes, andTeallixgbam, a a. Miles
lower on Darwent, a Priory alfo of Nunnes.
Lancaflars St. /3 Defunt B. v a Brook St. the Brook G.
The Brook B. 4 in compos St. t Lege in cumpace, ut In
Burtoni afografho. Phila . . by the Shore fide about 6.
Miles G. u to the very St. 9- The very JB. Of Her-
crofle B.
i bytwixr,
I There
66 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
There ftode lower on this Ryver, but not mPykering Ljtb y
Malto & Kirkham Priories.
From Pykering to Thornton Bridge on Hie Ryver a 5. Miles.
So that defcending from Py leering Toun I paffid i thorough a
plain low Medow lying in the fame Paroch : and I geffid it
to be in cumpace a 4. Miles.
But or I cam to Rie y I paffid over Cojley Water, that a
Mile lower then Pikering receyvith Pykering Brok, a bigger
Water then it.
Fol. 73. From Rie to Appleton a Mile and more : and thens to Hin-
ntumfon- derskel a i. Miles and a half, part by low but moft by high
ground. There is a fair Quadrant of Stone havingA.Toures
buildid Caftelle like, but it is no ample Thing. The latter
Building of it femith to have bene made by the * Grayftok,
whos Landes the Lord Dacres now hath.
The Park of Hindenkel by myEftimation is a 4. Miles yn
Cumpace, and hath much fair yong Wod yn it.
FromHivderskel to shir hut en Caftelle a 4. Miles moft by
high Ground.
y A Mile a this fide Shirhuten I left on the right hond.^ ....
Mr. Goner's auncient Manor Place".
The Caftelle of Shirhuten, i as I lernid there", was buildid
by Rafe Nevitl of Rafy the a fyrft Erl of Weflmerland of the
Nevilles : and I hard that in his Tyme he buildid or greatly
augmentid or repairid 3. Caftelles by fide".
There is a Bafe Court with Houfes of Office afore the En-
tering of the Caftelle.
The Caftelle felf in the Front is not dichid, but it ftondith
in loco utcunque edito.
I markid yn the fore Front of the firft Area of the Caftelle
felf 3. great and high Toures, of the which the Gate Houfe
was the Midle. In the fecunde Area ther be a 5. or tf.Toures,
* Graves for Grayflok in St. and G. Graves in .Mr.Leland's
Original j bttt Mr. Burton has there made it Grayftok, and in
the Transcript he gave to the Library 'tis Lord Greyftok.
ft Sherif-Hutton B. y 4. Miles of this fyde Sherif-Hutton
I left on the right hand * Tickenham, Mr. Gower's antient
Manner Place B. ^ No points in G. after hond. * Defvnt
n his time builded, augmented, o;
sB.
* for Tickenham (hoald be read Stittnhm.
B. t Who in his time builded, augmented, or repaired
Caftles befides B.
i thorough twyce. a firft.
and
L ELAND'S ITINERARY. 67
and the ftately Staire up to the Haul is very Magnificent, and
io is the Haul it felf, and al the refidew of the Houfe : in
fo much that I faw no Houfe in the North ib like a Princely
Logginges.
I lernidther that the Stone that theCaftel was buildid with
was fetchid from a Quarre at Terlngton a z. Miles of.
There is a Park by the Caftel.
This Caftel was wel maintainid, by reafon that the late
Duke of Nfrtbfolk lay ther x. Yers, and fins the Duk of
Riehemond.
FromSkirhuten toYork vij. Miles, /8 and in theForeft of Gat- Fo1 - 7<
tret, wherof 4. Miles or more was low Medowes and Morifch
Ground ful of Carres, the Refidew by better Ground but
not very high.
Owte of this fide of the Foreft cummith as a Drener of it
fojfe Water to York.
I faw very litle Wood yn this Quarter of the Foreft.
There is a Place in fork caullid David Hc//yftondith on a Hille about
half a Mile from the Toune, almoft on the Ripe of Swale.
The laft Erl of Nor t hum Ireland did coft on this Houfe.
There long x. ^Partes to this Manor, the bigger wherof is a
6. or 7. Miles in Cumpace, and is well wooddid.
From Topdif to Brakenbyri, wher Mafter LaceUes hath
buildid a very praty Houfe, a 4. Miles : and hard therby ren-
nith Wish Ry ver, and devidith the Lordfliipes of Brakenbyri
and i Kirkfy Wisk.
1 faw the fmaul Market Toun of Tresk on the right Hond
about a Mile from Brakenfyri.
At Tresk was a great Caftel of the Lord Mowbrays. And
there is a Park with praty Wood about it.
There is much Land about that Quarter, holden of the
Signiorie of Tresk.
The Broke caullid Coddebek rifmg yn the Browes of Blake
More therby cummith by Tresk^ and after goith into WiUoivs-
hsk Ryver.
From Ktrkeky Wtsk" to Northalv;rton a 4. Miles by Pa-
fture and Corne Ground.
I markid by much of the Way as I roode from Tollerton
onto Wisk Bridg, mofl communely caullid Smithon Bridge,
that I paflid yn a mea:ely fertile Valley bytwixt Blakemore
Hilles by Eft, and Richemontjhlr Hilles by Wefte, a good Di-
ftance being bytwixt them.
The Towne of Northafaerton is yn one fair long Streate
lying by South and North.
The Paroch Chirch of it is large, but in k" I faw no
Tumbes of Noble men yn it.
Fol. 76. Ther was a Houfe of. Freres in the Eft fide of
the Toune.
And yn the fame Cofte but a Mile or I cam ynto the
'Mile for Miles in St. & G. Mile B. ft Defunt B. y ly
a Bridge St. & G. On a Bridge of Tymber B. 4 for Partes
read Parkes. i Kirkby by Wiske B. But afterwards he has
Kirkby Wiske. See a little above. * Delenda.
Towne
LE LAND'S ITINERARY. 69
Towne I fawtheHofpitaleof S foundid by. . . .
Bisfliop of Dyrham.
At the Weft fide of Northdverto* a litle from the Chirch
is the Bisfliop of Dyrhants Palace, ftrong of Building and
welle motid.
And a a. flite Shottes Weft North Weft from it be Diches
and the Dungeon Hille wher the Caftelle of Aherton fum-
tyme ftoode. No part of the Walles ' therof now apperith.
There cummith a very lirle Bek thorough the Toun of
Northalverton as from Eft to Weft, and is communely caul-
lid Sunnebek.
A litle by North without Aherton Toun is a Bridg of one
Arch of Stone, thorough the which cummith a bygger Broke
then Sunnebek, and rifmg partely ft out of cummith
toward the Weft, and pafiith thorough the Medowes bytwixt
the Caftelle y Hilles and the Bisfliopes Palace, and therabout
receyvith Sunnebek into it, and within half a Mile lower go-
ith into Wisk.
Northafoertonjhir is holely of the Dition of the Bisfliop of
Durefme, and fuch Gentilmen as have Landes there be of the
Holde of the Bisfliop.
Thefe Gentilmen be of moft Name in Northalvertonfhirs :
StrangTvatJ'e of Harlefey^ wher Strangwaife the Juge buildid
a praty Caftelle.
Malory.
Comers aC
Vincent in Smithon Paroch * a litle beyond Smithon Bridge.
Thwaites, whofe Houfe I faw on the lift Hond, a litle a
this fide Smithon Bridge.
There is very litle Wood yn Northafoertonjhire : and Fol.7/.
but one Park at Kitten now withoute Deere.
The Shire of Northafoert on ftrechith one way from within
a litle of Rifon nere to Tefe Bank, and on the l Eft is limitid
with Blakewore-HttleSj and on the Weft with Richemontjhire.
The Place caullid CowtonMore, wher, asfumfay, was the
feld of the Standard bytwixt the Englifch Menne and theScot-
tifch, is, ^ as I lernid", a 4. Miles by North Weft from Al-
verton.
e Hoffitale of S . . . .] Hoffitall of St. John in the Mar-
gin of G. by a different Hand, ft out of the Efi cummythe St.
V Hill G. 4 Wefl for Eft in G. Eafl Wefi for Weft in G.
but a ftroak is drawn through Ea. Defunt B.
t thereof, a a lithe.
There
70 L ELAND'S ITINERARY.
There is good Corne in Northalverton, yet a great Peace
of the Ground that I faw at hand bytwixt North silver ton and
Smithon Bridge is lowPafture and Mores, wherof Part beere
fum fyrres.
From ttAlverton to Smithon Bridge a 6. Miles, wher Wuk
rennith cumming a 6. Miles of by Efte from Smithon.
Thens a 3. Miles to the trajeffuf over Tefe to Sokbourne.
Sokburne where as the Eldeft Houfe is of the Coxier* , with
the Demains about it, of a Mile Cumpace of exceding ple-
faunt Ground, is almoft made an Ifle as Tefe Ryver winde-
dith about if.
A litle beneth the Maner Place is a great Were for Fifch.
In the Paroche Chirch of Sokbourn is the Tumbe of Sir
John Comers^ that maried Elifabeth, y Eldeft to Bromflete
Lord S. John, and Bromflet, as I faw ' it writen, was made
Lord Vefcy by King Henry the 6. for he had much of the
Lord Vefcy Land by mariyng the Doughter and Heir of Aton
a Knight, that came lineally of a Doughter.
Anafttfa the ad. Doughter was maried to the Lord Cl'tf-
forde, and Katarine to Eure.
$ The Houfe and Land of Sokburn hath bene of auncient
tyme the very Inheritaunce of the Confers, whos name (as I
lernyd of hymfelf ) is in auncient Writinges Congru's not
Cottiers".
Notable Bridges on Tefe.
fareham Bridg of Stone, a 3. Miles above i Stokton^ made,
5 as I hard ", by Bisftiop Ske>rlaw.
Croft Bridge.
Perfe Bridge.
Fol. 78. From Sokburn to Nifeham apon Tefe a 3. Miles : and then
a v. Miles to vDarington by pure good Corne.
Darington Bridge of Stone is, 9- as I remembre'', of 3.
Arches, it is the beft < Maket Town in the Bisflioprick,faving
Durefme.
There is an exceding long and fair Altare Stone de vario
Northalvertort G. Northalverton B. Stokburne B.
fed max infra habet Sokburne. v Adde daughter, ut in B. qui
& Hen. Bromflet kabet. t Altter coneipitur htcfettio inB.
viz. It hath long bene the Inheritance of the Corners- Stok-
burne B. Defunt B. v Darlington in B. ut & faullo in-
ferius in Autographo. 5 Defunt B. < Leg. Market.
i ons vmen.
L ELAND'S ITINERARY. 71
Marmore^ hoc eft, n'tgro albis maculis diftinfto^ at the high
Altare in the Collegiate Paroche Chirch of Darington.
There is a Dene longging to this College and
Prebendaries.
The Bisfhop of D&refme hath a praty Palace in this Toune.
From Darlington to Acheland 8. good Miles by refon-
able good Corne and Pafture.
A Mile a rhis fide Akeland Caftelle I cam over a Bridg of
one ft great Arch on Gaundeleffe a Praty Ryver rifing a vj.
Miles of by Weft : and renning by the South fide of Akeland
Caftelle goith a litle beneth it to the great ftreame of
Were.
Gaundeles rifing by Weft cummith by Wepakeland, by S.
Helenes Akeland^ by S. Andreas Akeland, and by Bis/hop
Akelande.
The Towne felf of 'Akeland is of no Eftimation, yet is
ther a praty Market of Corne.
It ftandith on a praty hillc bytween x. Ryvers, wherof
yWere lyith on the North fide, and Gattndeleffe on the South,
and a narow ihot or more benethe they meete and make one
Streame, and ren to the Efte. and ech of thefe Rivers hath
an Hille by it. So that i Bisfhops Caftelle Akeland ftandith
on a litle Hille bytwixt i. great.
There was of very auncient a Manor Place 9- logging to
the Bisfhop cfDurefme at Akeland.
< Antonim de Eeke began firft to encaftellate it. he made
the greaut Haulle. there be divers Pillors of Blak Marble
fpekelid with White. and the exceding fair gret Chaumbre
with other there.
He made alfo an exceding goodly Chapelle ther of Stone
welle fquarid, and a College with Dene and P
me and Prebendes yn it.
* Sic in Autographo. Sed fine fpatio in B. ft great Arche
over the f aid Gaundeleffe River ^ rifing about fix Miles G. Thus
in B. viz. great Arch over the faid Gaundeles River, running
by the South fyde of Akeland Caftle, and goith a litle be-
neath it to Were . y One for Were in G. 4 The Bifhop's
Caftle at Akeland B. great Hills St. So in the Original.
But rivers for great in B. There v>as a very auncient Manor
Place longynge St. A very B. 9- Belonging B. * Antonim
Beke '[Btjbop of Durefm] began G . * He made the exceding
B.
i Bifshop
and
7 a LE LAND'S ITINERARY*
and a Quadrant on the South Weft fide of the Caftell for Mi-
nifters of the College.
Sksrlaw^ Bisfliop ot Durefme, made the goodly Gate Houfe
at Entering ynto the Caitelle of Akeland.
Pol. 79. There is a fair Park by the Caftelle having falow Dere,wild
Bulles and Kin.
From Bis/hop Akeland to Wulfmgham a 7- Miles. thens to
Frofterley a. Milys. thens to Stanbof a. Miles, thens to /?-
fats a. Miles, thens to Wejlgate a. Miles, thens to Werdale
Chapel a. Miles, and al thefe Places, favingJflcWrf/eChapell,
be on the North fide of Were.
The Bisfliop of Durefme hath a praty fquare Pile on the
North fide of ffere Ryver caullid the ft Weftgate, and thereby
is a Parke rudely enclofid with Stone of a la. or 14. Miles in
Cumpace : it is 7 xij. Miles up in Were Dale from Akeland
Caftelle.
There be, ^ as I hard ", fum litie ferme holdes in this
Park.
On the fide of * Where River is Stanop.
Stanope is xij. Miles from Akeland: and is the Hedde Pa-
roch u * on Werdale.
SWoulfingham on Were fumtime a fmaul Market, now none,
is a vij. Miles above Akeland''.
The Ryver of Were rifith a 8. Miles above Stanofe t or
more ".
And though the upper Part of Weredale be not very fertile
of Corne j yet ys there very fine grefTe in the Dale felf wher
the Ryver paffith.
The very Hedde ofWtre rifith of i. fmaul Waters, Bvrn-
bof and Kelope. Burnhop cummith by South and Kelktp by
North, they a. joining make Were . Ther cummith alfo Welop
bek in by 3 Kelhcpe.
There reforce many redde Dere ftragelers to the Moun-
taines of Weredale.
Weredale lying as Pece of the Weft Marches of the 4 Bis-
flioprick toward Weflmerland is well wooddid : and fo be the
e thens to Ftf.... a. J&lys G. ft "Yfifra g in Autogr.
y xvi. for xii. in G. 16. Miles B. & (ic in Autcgr. fupra I'm.
J[ Defunt B. i North fyde B. < Where~] Leg. Were, v on
Werdale'] L. of Werdale. $ Def&ratur hy.
And that another ot them was buried at the Freres of
North- Afoer ton.
From Branffeth to Durefme about a 3. Miles.
Or ever I cam nere Durefme by half a Mile and more I
paffid over a Bridge of one great Arche, and another ft fmaul
ftonding on a praty River, caullid DerneJJe alias DeverneJJe,
and a litle above that cam Broune River ynto it.
Bfoune rifith above Refaire Park, and fo cumming by it
4 goith over into Derneffe.
DerneJJe rifith and goith into Ware
at ... i
The Towne felf of Durefme ftondith on a Rokky Hille :
and ftondith asMen cum from theSouth Cuntre y on the Ripe
of Were : the which Water fo with his Courfe naturale in a
Botom windith about, that from Ehet a greate r Stone Bridg
of 14. Arches it crepith about the Tonne to Framagate Bridge
of 3. Arches alfo on Were, that betwixt thes a. Bridges or a
litle lower atS. Nickolat the Toune except the lenght of an
arow fhot is brought /' infulam : And fum hold opinion,
that of auncient tyme Were ran from the Place wher now
So in the Original. In Mr. Burton's Tranfcrift is a lacuna
for the Chriftian Name. /3 fmaul deeft G. fed eft fpatium.
v on the . . . . Rife St. & G. * North Ripe B. Eft fta-
tlum in Autogr.
i Nevile. a take. 3 Chi Idem. 4 goith after into, after for over.
j Scone Bridge.
LELAND'S ITINERARY. 75
Elvet Bridge is ftraite down by S. Nicolas now ftonding on a
Hille : and that the other Courfe part for Pollicy and part
by digging of Stones for Building of the Town and Minftre Fol. 8 A .
was made a Valley, and fo the Water-Courfe was con-
veyid that way , but I approve not tul this conjecture.
The Clofe itfelf of the Minftre on the higheih Part of the
Hille is welle waullid, and hath diverfe fair Gates. The
Chirch felf and the Cloifter be very ftrong and fair : and at
the very Eft End of the Chirch is a Croile lile by fide the
midle Crofife Me the Minftre Chirch.
The Caftelle ftondith ftately on the North Eft fide of the
Minftre, and Were rennith under it.
The Kepe ftondith a loft and is ft ftate buildid of viij.fquare
Fafcion, and 4. highes of Logginges.
Bisfhop Fox did much Reparation of this Dungeon : and
he made befide in the Caftelle a new Kychen with the Of-
fices and many praty Chaumbers.
Tunflal hath alfo done coft on the Dungeon and other
Places of the Caftel, and harh buildid a goodly new Galery
and a ftately Stair to it, and made an exceding ftrong Gate
of Yren to the Caftelle.
In that Part of DurefmeToun that is almoft y exclofid with
Were be 3,. Paroch Chirches and a Chapell. S. Ofwaldes is
countid to be auncient. There be a 3. Paroche Chirches
mo in the Suburbe.
The greateft Suburbe is by Ehet Bridg, and hath certen
fmaul Streates.
The Suburbe over Framagate Bridg hath 3. Partes. the
South Streat on the lift Hand, the CrofleStreate on the midle
toward Akeland, and the 2. on the right Hand, bering the
Name of Framagate^ and leding to Chefter and to New-Ca-
Jtelle.
The Building of D::refme Toun is mcately ftrong, but it Fol. 8j.
is nother high nor of coftely Werke.
There appere fum peaces ofWaullesof the Toune joyn-
ing to aGate of the Palace Waul, but theToun it felf with
yn the Peninfula is but a fmaul thing in refped of Cumpace
of al the ftately Clofe : So that it alonly may be caullid
the Waullid Toune of Durefme.
In the Sanduary or holy Chirch Yard or Sancluane of
Dxrtfme be very many auncient Tumbes. it ftondith on the
* Of the B. State] flately St. & G. Stately B. y en-
(W G. Lege enclofid, ut in B. * Suburb* G. * to the
Gate G, _ ,
7$ LELAND'S ITINERARY.
South fide of the Minfter : and at the Hedde of one of them
is a Crofle of a 7. fote longe, that hath had an Infcriprion
of diverfe Rowes yn it,but theScripture cannot be red. Sum
fay that this Croffe was brought out of the Holy Chirch
Yarde of Lindisfern Ifle.
Weremouth is about an 8. Miles from Durefae, and about a
vj. from Tinemoutk, or rather NetccafteL
There is no Bridge memorable on Were benech Direfme
but Cheftfr Bridge. Were cummith within a Quarter of &
Mile of the Toun felf of Chefler.
From Durefme over Fremagate Bridge to Ckefter in the
Streate^ partely by a litle Corne Ground, but moft by Mon-
lainioufe Pafture and fum Mores and Firres.
Or I cam ft in Ckefler I faw fcant half a Mile of it Lore/ey
Caftel apon an Hil, having praty Wood about it. and about
Cbsfter felf is like wife fum Wodde.
The Toune of Chefler is chiefly one Strcate of very r
Building yn lenght : ther is beiide a fmaul Streat or -2..
meane
about
the y Chirch that is collegiatid, and hath a Dene and Preben-
daries, but it is of a very meane Building and yn the Body
of the Chirch is a Tumbe with the Image of a Bisfliop yn
token that S. Cuthberth ons was buried or remained in his
Feretre there.
At the very Ende of the Tonne I paflid over Conebrooke^
and ther is ^ a fair Stone Bridge of 3. \rches over it.
Thens to Getefktd vij. Miles by ' Montainioufe Ground
v;ith Pafture, Heth, More, and Fyrres. And a litle a this
fide Getehed is a great Cole Pit,
a* Turn to fol. 91.
i Thinges txcerftid out of RoUe that Mr. Brudenel o/Dene
3 jhewid me.
Ivor, Sunne to Cad-walader, went, at his Ccmmaunde-.
ffient, into Wales, and he fuccedid his Father, and e. ver, as
he might, made chalenge to the Saxons : and his Bloode
reignid in Wales onto the Tyme of 'L'Lcwlin , Prince of
Wales, in Edwarde the firft Tyme.
After Yvor reignid Y*e. then Rodirkh. then Aneraugbe.
* Vvtees for Ro&eS in G. To Chefter B. y Church
collegiate, that hath a Denne B. ^ a ve>y favG. t Thz
.following Extratts as far as to FO/.QI . are all wanting inMr. Bur-
ton's Cofy. Hod^rtoa-gh St. Rodcrun G. Roglei wagh fcri-.
tutar fufra'lm*
l tfonuuiouie. z Turnt to :he IX. L-fc folovi ig for fol. ^i. 3 flieuid.
taen
LELAND'S ITINERARY. 7r
then ld-a>altUe, then Joge. then Kanahattgh. then Griffne,
which was i bcheddid. then LLe-a>e/in. then Griffine. then
LLeTPeline^ intheTyme of .EdfoWthefirrt, the which gave
Bataille onto hym tor chalenging of his Corone onto Eng-
land, and kiilidhym, and namid hy mfelf Prince of Wales.
This LLewelin of Wales dyed withoute Iflue.
Then to returne to the next yn Blode to the aforefaide
Yvor, we muft cum to * Tdemalotvitle, of whom defcendid Ro-
dry Malvinek, of whom ft EffillGtguant, of whom Morverine,
of whom Rodry Maur, of whom Cadette, of whom Howeld^
of whom Owe, of whom Reynold, of whom CaJelte, of whom
Thendre Maur of whom Res, of whom y Gu Gue*ellen, of whom
Gregorle Vahetn , of whom Theudre , of whom Gregori , of
whom Tkeudre^ of whom Mereduk alias Moreys^ of whom
Owen^ of whom Edmunde Father to King He nry the j. The
v/hich 4 Owenen maried Quene Catarine, and was Father to
Edmtindf^ Erie of Richemont^ and G<*/fltte St. TdewaU vltte G. ft Ejjill Gignant G.
V Gu deeft St. & G. Gu rsdundat, ni fattor. 4 Dele utttmam
] In
.
. for excufe of her Manage ] In the Marg. of St. is
this Note : 'This is not trev. For fie -was not kno-wne to fa
tnarysd vkitl jhe lyved. % Margarete fvfra UK. * bafiards
G.
i behedid.
Henry
7* LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Henry the vj. fayde that Henry the vij. then beyng ynChilde-
hod fliould obteine the Coroneof England &s his Right.
Thinges excerptid o-a>t of a Rolle that Afr.BrudenelyZ^Tr/V me.
EdmundeotBuUinghrok, eldeft Sun to Henry the 3. refignid
in open Parlamente, by reafon that he was {ore deforrnid by
a crokid Bak, his Title of the Corone to his Brother Ed-
vard, referving to hymfelf and his Heyres the Countes of
I^ancaJteTj Lincoln and Leirccfter.
L'y'and.
In thefe few wordes be divers falfites. Firft Edmunde was
not borne at Bulling&rok. Secundely he was not croke bakkid,
but a ready and a notable Capiraine in Warre. Thirdely
there is no Recorde of any fuch Parlament. And as for the
Countefhippes he refer /id not them to hymfelf, but rather
had them of the Liberalite of Henry the 3. his Father: and
efpecially Leircefter by the Arteindure of Stmon Monteforte.
TkomaftheE\defr*o{Ea'm> yt>* Erie of Rutheland, George, Anne Duches
utr. of Excefter, and Elifabeth.
Thomas Duke of Glocefler the fiveth Sunne of Edward the
2. had by the Erie of Hirefordes Doughter a Doughter and
Heir caullid Anne.
Humfrey Erie of Staford maried Dame Anne, Heir to Tho-
mas Duke of Glocefler, by whom he had Humfre Erie of
Staford and Duke of Bokingham.
There was writen in a Roundel by Humfre Duke of Bok-
ingham thefe Wordes : Benet Duches of i Bokingham.
And under the Roundel of Hnmfred Duke of Bokingham
was another Roundel having this Writing : Humfrei Erie of
Staford reeddid the Duke 0/Scmerfet Doughter.
Dame Anne of Glocefler had to her iecunde Husband Sir
William Boucher , and he had by her Iflue Henry the Lord
Boucher, Erie of E^z.v ; Thomas Archebisfhop of Cante-war-
fyri', Wtl/iamBoucher,zndJobnBoucherKnighttes. ("This John
was Lord Barnes.} and a Doughter Alienor maried to 'John
Duk of Norfolk.
William Bouchier was Lord Fitzguarin , and had a Sun
caullid Ftf/0.
y0 Boucher had a Sunne caullid Humfrede.
Isabel, Doughter to Richard Counte of Camlridg, was ma-
ried to Henry Boucher Counte of" * E/ax, by whom fhe had
William Boucher Knight ; Humfre Boucher Knight, caullid
Lord Crumivel ; John Boucher Knight, and Thomas Boucher
Knight.
Thinges extraftid o-wt of a Rolle tkat Mr.Bmdene\Jhca>ia T me.
Hugo de Mortimer Miles, & Matildis Longefpe confers fua.
Rogerus Mortimer, filius & heres dicli Hugonis & Matildis.
Radulphus Mortimer Miles, & Gladufe
This John GeneviUe had a duy confers ejus, filia & heres Lewehni
Sun caullid John, a Frere of Principisf#^^. Rogerus MortimerMiles,
the Order of S. Dominic. filius & heres Radulphi & Gladufa;. Ds.
Johannes de Genevilla Comes Ultonix.
tf/>fr his Uncle Edward &c. fy Anne his
E. E. o/Marche G. /3 Edward//*vz his
i Bokinham. a Eftsax.
Ds,
LE LAND'S ITINERARY. 83
D?. GuI. de Burgh Miles, & Matildis ejus confers, filia &
heres Joannis de Geneville.
D. Joannes Burgh, Comes Ultont*, primus Hibernix. D.
Joan. Burgh, Comes Ultoni* , & Elizabeth ejus confers.
Leonellus daxC/arenti*, & Elifabeth ejus confers, filia & ' he-
res Joan. Burgh. Ds. Edmundus Laageley dux J0r. & j[/^/
ejus confors r fiha & heres Petri Regis Hifpanl*.
Ds. Edmundus Mortimer, & Philtffa filia Leonelli ejus Fol. 99.
confers.
Rogerus Mortimer, Comes March, Heres Britan. & Fnw.
^wrf filia & heres 0^ */* Ko//^ /^ Genealogie of the Erhs of Weft-
merland.
Gilbert Neville cum yn with KingWilliam Conqueror, and
was his Admirale. Galfredtu was Son and Heire to this
Asketittut Bulmer had a Sun caullid Berthram, and they
were'Lordes of Branfpeth : Berthram had a Dou glitter and
Heire maried to the Heir of the Nevilles, and fo cam Bran-
fpeth to the Nevil/es.
Ther was in the Rolle a Petygre derivid from Qwtrede
Erie of Northumfoeland yn ftrait Line to one Mildreds. This
Mildrede had a 3 Sunne caullid Robert : zndRobert had a Dough-
ter and Heire caullid Emme, by whom the Nevilles had Raby.
Ribaldus frater ^/ / f? Original.
Jtjfjouldbe, Ralph Neville of Raby. y Leg. ty foV J^/w.
Mary, one of the Lady Nevilles o/Kaby, <&c.
,). hseres. z Dok, 3. Sun.
L i and
84 L ELAND'S ITINERARY.
and after fhortely meating makith an Ifle. The firrt Bridg as
I cam over was but of one Arche, the other was of 3. Thens
a Mile and more of I cam over Burne broke that goith ynto
Were therabout. and a litle above on the Hil is Burneham
Cla-xton's Houfe. Burnham is a Man of a Huncierith Mark
Land by the Yere. Then I rode thorough a great Wod ftond-.
ing on a Hille, and fb cam by hilly, morifch and hethy
Ground to S. Andres Akeland 8. Miles from Durefwe : and
left hard on my right Hond one of the Parkes of Akeland
waullid with Stone.
At S. Andres Akeland the Dene of Akeland hath a great
Houfe: efpecially for Barnes and other Houfes of Husbondry.
From S. Andres Akeland to Raby Cartel ?. Miles, part by
Arable but more by Paftures and Morifch Hilly grcund baren
of Wood. Raby is the largeft Cartel of Loggmges in al the
North Cuntery, and is of a ftrong Building, but not fet other
on Hil or very rtrong Ground.
As I enterid by a Caufey into it ther was a litle ftagne on
the right Hond : and in the firft Area were but ^. Toures,
one at ech Ende as Entres, and no other * buildid. yn the 2,
Area as in Entring was a great Gate of Iren with a Tour, and
2. or 3. mo on the right Hond.
Then were al the chief Toures of the 3. Court as in the
Hart of the Cartel. The Haul and al the Houfes of Offices
be large and ftately : and in the Haul I faw an incredible
great Beame of an Hart, The great Chaumber was exceding
large, but now it is fals rofid and devidid into a. or 3. Par:es.
I faw ther a litle Chaumber wherin was in Windowes of co-
lerid Glafle al the Petigre of the Nevilles : but it is now taken
i down and glafid with clere Glafle.
There is a Touer in the Cartel having the Mark of a.Ca-
pitale B from Berthram Bu/mer.
There is another Tower bering the Name of Jane^ Baftard
Sifter to Henry the 4. and Wife to Rafe Nevile the firft Erl
of WJlmerland.
ol. 5 *. Ther long 3. Parkes to Raby wherof 2. be plenifliid with
Dere. The Midle Park hath a Lodge in it.
And thereby is a Chace bering the Name otLangeley^ and
hath falow Dere : it is a 3. Miles in lenght.
The King hath a Foreft of Redde Deere yn the More
building G.
j doun.
Und
LELAND'S ITINERARY. gy
Land at Midleton an viij. Miles Weft from Darafy. Dr.
ft Noteres is Parfon of Midleton.
Stanthorp a fmaul Market Toun is about half a Mile from
Raby. Here is a Collegiate Chirch, having now a body and
i. Itles. I hard that afore y Rafe of RalyTyme ther was that
alonly that now is the South Ifle.
In this South Ifle, as I hard, was buried the Grauntfather
and Grandedam ^ of Rafe Raby^ and they made a Cantuarie
there. In the Waul of this Ifle appere the Tumbes and Images
of 3. Ladys, wherof one hath a Crounet and a Tumbe of a
Man Child, and a flat Tumbe varii Marmorif.
Ther is a flat Tumbe alfo with a playn Image of Brafle
and a Scripture, wher is buried Richard Sun and Heire to
Ed-ward & Lord of Bergevenny.
This Edward was the fift Sun ofDaraly. Johanna Ens-
fort was his Mother. This Ed-ward had another Sun caullid
George, and was Lord after : and he had Georg alfo Lord, and
he left Henry now Lorde of Bergevenny.
John by Rafes firft Wife was Lord Neville. Richard by
Johan his 2,. Wife was Erie of Saresbyri. Robert was Bisfliop
of Dure/me. George was Lord Larimer. Ed-ward was Lord
Bergevenny, and, as I remembre, Rafe had William that was
Lord Falconbridge* . Rafe Neville the firft Erl of Weflmer-
land 9- of that Name" is buried yn a right ftately Tumbe of
Alabafter yn the Quire of Stanthorp College, and Margarete
his firft Wife on the lift Hond of hym : and on the right
Hond lyith the Image of Johan his a.Wife, but (he is buried
at Lincoln by her Mother Catarine Swinesford Duches of Lan- Fol. 9j.
(after.
This Johan ere&id the very Houfe felf of the College of
Stanthorp. it is fet on the North fide of the Collegiate Chirch,
and ; his ftrongly buildid al of Stone.
Ther rennith by the North fide of the College a Bek caullid
LangleyBek. it rifith a * f . of by Weft in the Paroch of Midle-
ton, and cumming thorough Langeley takith the Name of it.
and a Mile or more beneth goith into 71/Jr lower then Salaby
Mr. Brakenbyris place.
From Stanthorp to Barnardes Caftel by meately good
Come and Paftui e 5, Miles. This is a meatly praty Toun,
Darby St. D.e Raby B, ft Noleres B. y Rafe Neviles
time B. * Of the iaid RafeNevile, and they B. f Lord
Abergevenny B. Defunt in B. ufaue WRafe Neville the
'firft rle &c. firft for f ft in St. 9- Defunt B, < is for his
in St. and G, Is B. * Adde Miles,
having
8* LELAND'S ITINERARY.
having a good Market and meatly welle buildid. The Touri
felfis but a part of Gaineford Parcch, wher theHed Chirch
is 6. Miles lower on Tefe and in the Bismoprike. The Ca-
ftelle of Barnard ftondith ftately apon Tefe. The firft Area
hath no very notable Thing yn it, but the fair Chapelle,
wher be z. Cantuaries.
In the Midle of the Body of this Chapel is a fair Marble
Tumbe with an Image and an Infcription about it yn French.
Ther is another in the South Waul of the Body of the Cha-
pelle of fre Stone, with an Image of the fame. Sum fay that
they were of the BaillioUes.
The inner Area is very large, and partely'motid and welle
furnifhid with Toures of great Logging. Ther belong i.
Parkes to this Caftelle ; the one is caullid Marwood^ and
y8 thereby is a Chace that berith alfo the Name of Mar-wood^
and that goith on Tefe Ripe up into Tefedale.
There is but a Hil betwixt the Chaces of Langeley and
Marwod.
This is by a nere Eftimation the Courfe of Tefe :
fade More hath the Hedde of Tefe. then it takith a Courfe
^5, emongRokkes, and refeyving divers other fmaul * Hopes or
s " s/ ^ Bekkes, and cummith much by wild ground for a 8. or x.
Miles to Mglefton Bridge wel archid : then to ~Barnard Caftel
Bridge very fair of 3. Arches : then to a Perfe Bridge fum-
time of ?. Arches, but a late made new y of 3. Arches.
There is a prati Chapel of our Lady hard by Perfe Bridg of
the 3 Foundation J[ of John BaiUiol King of Scottes.
Fol. 9^ Thens to Crofte Bridge ?. Miles ; and fo to Tarham Bridge
a Miles; and thens to Stokton, wher is a fery, 3.
Miles : and fo a 4. Miles to Tefemouth.
From Barnardes Caftelle over the right fair Bridge on Tefe
of 3. Arches I enterid ftraite into Ricberttontj'h're, that ftil
ftreaccith up with that Ripe to the very Hed of Tefe.
From this Bridge I ridde a Mile on the ftony and rokky
Bank of Tefe to the Bek caullid Thurefgytte^ a Mile from Bar-
nardes Caftelle. and there it hath a Bridge of one Arche and
ftraite enterith into Tefe.
The Priory of Egleflon joinith hard to this Bekk and alfo
hanggith over the high bank
of Tefe.
t Lodginges B. ft thereby] there St. 70/3. Arches of
StoneG. *t o/John Bailliol King o/Scottes] of the Bailliols G.
Hopes orBeks in the Margin oppodte to thcxift Line. * Perfe Bride,
Ther
LELAND'S ITINERARY. 87
Ther is meetly good Wood on eche fide of Tefe about
Barnardes Caftel.
I faw in the Body of the Chirch of Eglefton to very fair
Tumbes of Gray Marble. In the greatter was buried, * as
I lernid, one " Syr Rafe Bowes, and yn the lefler one of the
RoMyt.
Hard under the ' Cliff by Egleflon is found on eche fide of
Tefe very fair Marble, wont to be taken up booth by Mar-
belers of Barnardes Caftelle and of Eglejion^ and partly to
have ben wrought by them, and partely fold onwrought to
others.
ft Out of a Books of Mr. Garter's.
One of the Bigottes Erie Marefchal was Founder of Chart"
mail Priory.
One of the Nevilles Lord otMidleham was Founder of Co-
ver ham Priory.
One Theobald was Founder of Camfey in Southfolk: and
by * him Lord WiUoughby.
y Emgerant Lord Coucy was Erie of Bedeford anno D. 1337.
From Egleflon toGritey Bridge of x. or 3. Arches a z. Mile FoL?*.
byPafture, Corn and Woode.
Gretey is a Village ftanding on Watheling-ftreate^ and hath
the Name of Gretey Ry ver that rennith thorough it, and by
Mr. Rokesfy's Place goith ynto Tefe.
There is a Park hard thereby waullid with Stone caullid
BigeneUe Park, it longgith to the Lord Scrape.
There apperith manifeftly in diverfe Places by Gretey . .
From Gretey to Ravenfwath a v. Miles, and ther parting
over the praty River of Ravenfwath I cam to the Village
and Caftelle of Ravenfwath.
ThisRyver rifith a 7. or 8. Miles of the Caftel in theHilles
by Weft North Weft : and patting a 3. Miles lower goith
into Swale, wher the Ry ver ot Swale is nereft to Ravenjwath
Caftel it is a 3. Miles of.
The Caftelle excepting ^. or 3. [fquare towers] and a fair
* Defunt B. ft This E.rtraft, which reacheth to Fat. 95-. it
vanting in B. y Emgerant} Engelramus St. Ingelramus/w-
bitnr fufra lin. ) The Caftle excef tinge ^. or 3. fyware Towret>
and a fair Stable with a Conduft commyng to the Haull SyJe,
hathe no thinge memorable. There is a Parke by . . . 3. Miles
in compafe. From Ravenfwath to Richemount a. longe MUtf 3
ly a Mile whereof I ryd thrwghe &c. St.
^~ i clif, * hyw.
Stable
8& tELAND'S ITINERARY.
Stable . . . [belonging to the Haul . . . ^ > 7 I
* [immovable in it.]
From Ravenjwath to Richemont 3. long Miles, by a Mile
wherof I ridde thorough a greate Woodde on a Hille. and
ther were dyverfe wide brookes renning thorough Stones
and reforting to Swale. The Grounde betwixt Ravenfaath
and Richemont ful of Hilles, fum good Corn, and much More.
I cam thoroug a great long ftrete in Richemont or I cam
to the Top of the Hille, where the beft of the * Town caullid
the Bailly and the & Caftelle. Sum think that the Place 3 where
the Baily is was ons extima area CafteUi^ and fins buildid
with Houfes. waullid it was, but the Waul is now decayid.
The Names and Partes of 4. or f . Gates yet remaine.
There is a Chapel in Riche mont Toune with ftraung Figures
in the Waulles of it. The 4-Peple there dreme that it was ons
[a] y t[empl]e [of] J Idols.
. ing the Lordes . .
[the] Conqueft is a . *
Fol. 9$. From Richemont to Midlcham firft a Mile by ^ ille rokky
Ground, but firft over Richemont Bridge of 4. Arches, and
then vij, Miles al by mory Grounde and litle wood nere in
fight.
A litle or ever I cam to Midleham I paffid over t * We by
a Ford.
Midleham is a praty Market Toun and ftandith on a Rokky
Hille, on the Top wherof is the Caftel meately welle dikid.
Al the utter part of the Caftelle was of the very new
fetting of the Lord Neville caullid Varabi. The Ynner Part
of Midleham Caftel was of an auncient Building of the Fitz-
randolp".
Wild B. ft Caftelle is, for Caftelle at B. v temple of
Tdoles. Gillings, toher fame thinke the Lords Manor was afore
the Conqueft, if a i. Miles from the Towne of Richemount. From
Richemount to Midleham firft a Myle hy ill rokky &c. St.
Hilly reeky for ille rokky in G. ^ Sic in Autografho. Hille
quidem inprimis fcrip/tt auBor ; fed h de'inde delevit. Hilly and
rocky in B. for We is to be read Vre both here and in the
places below where this River is mention'd. Ure JB. & fie
infra. Inftead of this . is no more than this in B. vi-x,. All
the utter part of the building of the Fitz Randolfe.
i cmovable ia it, i toune. 3 wher. 4 People. ; Idoles. 6 Ure.
From
LELAND'S ITINERARY. 89
From Midleham to Wen/law about a Mile up, and ther is a
great Bridge of" Stone over it made many Yere fins by a good
Perfon of Wencela-w^ caullid Al-n'me.
To Bo/ton a 3. Miles. The Toun is very rude : but the
Caftelle, as no great Howfe, is al compadid in 4. or 5-.
Towers, ft Ther is a praty Park hard by it.
[a] Place in a great Rok .:....
". [of] wher my Lord Scrap [for]
Lede to Midleham ....
From Midleham to Gervalx Abbay a ^. Miles, moft by
enclofid Paftures.
A little beneth Midleham I went over Cover Ryver : and
therby on the lift Hond it went into * We.
Thens to Ma/eham, a praty quik Market Town and a
faire Chirch, a 4. Miles, by Wood, Pafture and fum good
Corne.
At the Ende ofMa/eham Townlet I paffid over a fair Ry-
ver caullid Bourne. It goith into * We therby a litle byneth
the 3 Bridge.
The Lordfhip of one of the Aldeborovs lyith agayn the
Mouth v of Burn^ wher it goith into 4 We. Thens to Gruelle
Thorp a 3. or 4. Miles bi hilly, and lingy, and fum morifch
Ground. And thens by much like Ground a 3. Miles to
Ripon. After that I paffid from Thorp half a Mile I left hard
on the lifte Hond KirkebyMalefart^ wher Moulbray had ons
a great Caftelle. This Paroch of Kirkby Malefart is large.
The Lordmip now longith to the Erl of Darby.
The [Countrye thereabout] is welle s woddid, [and good
Paftures un]to Ripon.
The olde Towne of Ripon ftopde much by North and Eft, Fol. 97;
as I could gather by veuing of it.
The beft of the Toune now ftandith by Weft and Southe.
* up deeS^St. ft There if a praty Parke hard by It. Thens
to a place in a great Rok a i. Myles of where my Lorde Scrope
fekethe for Leade. [decayed that Jhuld folow about 2. I^ynes or
more.'} St. y Over the line is written by Mr. Lelana * ovn>
Handy ripa, as I cam, fup : which words are quite omitted in
poft B. addc ^r G.
i Ure. z Ure. 3 Bridg. <- Urc. f wooddyd from MidlebMU to Ripon
and about Ripon,
Vol. i. M The
9 o LELAND'S ITINERARY.
The old Abbay of Ripon ftoode wher now is a Chapelle of
our Lady in a Botom one clofe diftant by from
the new Minftre.
One Marmaduke Abbate of Fountains ^ a man
familiar with Salvage Archebisfhop of York, obteinid this
Chapelle of hym and Prebendaries of Ripon : and having ic
gyven onto hym and to his Abbay pullid down the Eft End
of it, a pece of exceding auncient Wark, and buildid a fair
pece of new Werk with fquarid Stones for it, leving the Weft
Ende of very old Werk ftonding.
He began alfo and finimid a very fair high Waul of fquarid
fton at the Eft End of the Garth, that this Chapel ftondith
yn : * and had thought to have enclofid the hole [building]
with a like Waulle, and [to have] made there a ' Cell of . . .
. . in the
Eft End of this Chapel, and there lyith another of them
yn the Chapelle Garthe. and in the Chapel fmgith a Can-
tuarie Preft.
One thing I much notid, that was 2. Croflis ftanding z in.
row at the Eft Ende of the Chapelle Garth. They were
thinges antiquiffimi operis, and Monumentes of fum notable
men buried there : So that of al the old Monafterie of Ripon
and the Toun I faw no likely tokens left after the Depopula-
tion of the Danes in that place, but only the Waul] es of 3 our
Lady Chapelle and the CrofTes.
The new Minftre is fet v up of the Hille, a fair and bigge
Pece of Work : the body of the Chirch of very late dayes
made of a great Widnefle by theTreafour of the Chirch and
Help of Gentilmen of the Cuntery.
Ther be 3. great old 4 Toures with pyra[mides on] them,
a. at the Weft End, ? [and one in] the midle of [the Church]
Fol. 98. "The commune Opinion is that O<&, Archebisfhop of Can-
tewarfyri, cummingynto the North Partes with King
had pitie of the Defolation of Ripon Chirch, and began or
caumd a new Work to be edified wher the Minftre now is.
* and had thowght to have inclofyd the hole Garth toitb a lyke
WauUe^ and to have made there a Cell of White Monks. There
lyethe one of the Englebys in the Efie End of this Chafell &c.
St. ft in a row St. y upon the G. Upon the B. ? and one
in the midjle of the Croffe Jfle. The comon Opinion &C. St.
t Celle. t in row. ; owr. 4. towrct.
Howbeit
LE LAND'S ITINERARY. 9 t
Howbeit the hole Chirch that now ftandith indubitately
Was made fins the Conqueft.
The Minftre now fervirh for the Paroch Chirch.
* The Prebendaries Houfes be buildid in Places nere to the
Minftre. and emong them the Archebisfhop hath a fair Pa-
lace.
And the Vicars Houfes be by it in a fair Quadrant of fquare
Stone buildid by Henry Bouet Archebisfhop of York.
The Paroch is 0 is much
celebratid [for Cattel and for Horfes.]
- Ripott ftanditn
From Ripon w Weft Tanfeld about a 4. Miles, part by
Wood part by Pafture and Corne.
And as I cam out of Ripon I paffid by a great Park of
thArchbisfliopes of York a vj. Miles in Cumpace.
And or ever I cam to Weft Tanfeld I paffid by Fery for lak
of Bridge.
sTheiounlet otWeftTanfelde ftandith on a clivingGround
hard by \We^ a Ryver of a Colowr for the moft Part of foden
Water, by reafon of the Colowr and the Morifch Nature of
the Soile oiWencedale^ from whens it cummith.
In the Chirch of Weft Tanfelde be dyverfe Tumbes in a
Chapelle on the North fide of the Chircn of the Marmions.
Wherof one is in an Arch of the Waulle, and that femith
moft auncient.
Then lyith [there] alone a Lady t j- [with the]
[raifed] Voues.
s of the Efsjhope of YorkV Foundation St. ft Tenters B.
y the Fea/l of Seint Wolfride at Ripon is muche celebrated for
byenge of Horfes. St. ^ climmg G. Climing B. * -with thaf-
paraitt of a Voues ^ and a nothar Lady with a Crownet on htr
HeddeSt.
i on It. a tht Fair. 3 Tounelet of Weft Tanfeld, 4 Ure, f with
:li[e] place the Crotchet before e.
[And
L ELAND'S ITINERARY. 93
[And another] with a Croun.
Then is there an High Tumbe of Alabafter in the midle Fol.i-.o.
of the Chapel j wher, as I hard fay, lyith one Lorde JohnMar-
mion.
And yn the South fide of the Chapelle is another Tumbe
of the Marmions buried alone.
There is a Matter and i. Cantuarie Preftes at Wcfte Tan-
felcie of the Fundation of one of the Marmions : and there
is another Cantuarie befides thefe.
The Caftelle o{Tanfe/d 3 or rather, as it is now, a meane
Manor Place, ftondith harde on the Ripe of t We. wher I
faw no notable Building but a fair tourid gate Houfe and a
Haule of fquarid Stone.
One Clarsgenet^ Baily or Surveier at Tanfeld^ hath an aun-
cient booke of the Erles of Richemont and the Marmior.s.
There be 2. fairParkes at Tanfeld and meately plenty of
Wood.
Eft Tanfeld lyith about a Mile lower on a ^-Ryver.
I hard fay of one at Weft Tanfeld that " ther were 3.
3 Doughtters Heires to and that Marmion
had one of them.
Lei/and.
But loke wither that Marmton's [Landes] defcendid not to
3. [Doughters as Heires gene]rale, and that the [Lord F/te.-
B*&] were not
Paffing over the Ryver of Skette^ and foone after over +We
at a Forde byneth Hue-mik Bridge, I faw on the one Hand the
Lordfliip of Huten Conycrs now longging to Malory, wher
hath bene aParke but litle Wood in it. This Lordfliip long-
gith to the Territorie and Libertees of Northafoerton. and
yet is it enclofid about with Landes of Rtchemontjhire.
There is a faire Chapel of Freeftone on the farther Ripe
of f We at the very End otHewwik Bridge, made bi an 6 Heer-
mite that was a Mafon : it is not fulle hnifhid.
bre," Gindene. wher is a fair Manor Place of Stone of late J
Tymes longging to the * Wardes, whos 3. Heires General
wer thus maried. one to Mufgrave of Cumbrelandy and iWefl-
Defunt B. j8 Dy Eftima-
tion. St. v Adde them cum B. * Defunt B.
t Ure. a Ure, 3 10 fpr %, &. wt. f trophea. 6 occidente in orien-
tera. 7 Ure.
It
L ELAND'S ITINERARY. 9?
It is now a fmaul Village : and in it a Paroch Chirch, wher
ly buried a. or 3. Knightes of the Aldeburges, dwelling fum- 5 l] d c l " lilim
tyme in thac Paroch, whosHeires yet remaine ther, but now s^ r Srj
men of meane Landes. 3u*igk
There be now large Feeldes, fruteful ,. . T T-,
of Corn, in the very Places wher the f T JJ er ' s * n m ^ fide
Howfmg of the Town was : and in 2 the Feld > S, er the old
thefe Feeldes yereley be tcunde in Toun was caullid /3ft*tf*,
ploughing many Coynes of Sylver and as , lf ^ b l ene the J Ke P e
firafit of Fhe Romaic ftamp. ' of a L Caftle 'l
Th[ere~| hath beene found alfo [Sepulchre]s, aqua Jutlur,
y and [teJJeUat\a pavim\jnta :] alfo
Stones [and]
Gnaresburg is a 3 . or 4. Miles from Aldehrgh^ partely by
Pafture and Corne and fum Wood.
I lefte a Park on the lift Hond a Mile or I cam to Knar-
res burgh.
Ther be i.Parkes befide this that longith to Gnarredurgh.
al be metely welle woddid. The Toune felf of Knarres-
bur&k takith name of the Rokky Ground that it ftondith on.
The Toune is no great Thing and meanely buildid. but
the Market there is quik.
' The Caftel ftondith magnificently and ftrongely on a Rpk,
and hath a very depe diche, hewing out of the Rok,wher it is
not defendid with the Ryver of NitUe, that ther rennith in
a deade ftony Botom.
I numberid a 1 1. or l^. Towres in the J[ Waul of the Ca-
ftelle, and one [very fayre] befide [in the fecond area. iThere
long i. other Lodginges] of Stone
.... upper is
A little above Marche, but on the farther Ripe of Nidde^ Fol. ioj.
as 1 cam, is a welle of a wonderful nature, caulfid Droping
welle. or out of the great Rokkes by it diftillith water con-
tinually into it. This water is fo could, and of fuch a na-
ture, that what thing fo ever faullith oute of the Rokkes ynto
this pitte, or ys cafte in, or growith about the Rokke and is
touchid of this water, growith ynto ftone : or els fum fand,
* Lye buried Sir William and Sir Richard de Aldhorovgh,
lometimes dwelling in t. P. w. H. y. remaine thereabout,
but &c. B. ft Stothart] StutfaU in the Marg. of Mr. Gale's
Copy, y and teflellata Pavimenta : alfo Spurres fjtt -with
Stones and many othar flraunge t kings . St. J\. Walles B.
There longe ^.Bridges of Stone to this Tovne : the upper is &c.
A title above &c. St. Dropping B. u Rokkes St.
9 urg is a ix. Miles from [~forke.~]
p[Nidde] . . goith into i J^corru[ptly there caullidO]/e
at Nunne ..*....
From Gnarresbaroip over NiW Ry ver almoft al by Wood
a Mile to Plunton^ wher is a Park and a fair Houfe of Stone
with ^. 2- Toures longging to the famei Ptuxton is now owner
of it, a man of fair Land : and lately augmentid by wedding
the Doughter and Heir Generale of the Batthorpes.
: From thens paffing a ^. Miles by ftony foile, but fumwhat:
by fruteful of Corn and Graffe, I faw Sf afford half a Mile of
on the lift Hond : wher the Erie of Nort burner e land had a
goodly Lordfhip and Manor Place with a Parke. The Ma-
nor Place was fore defacid in the tyme of the Civile Warre
betwixt Henry the 6. and Ed-ward the 4. by the Erie of War-
nlk^ and Marquife Monteacute his Brother, to whom, y as I
jemember," the Percys Landes were gyven.
Thens to Wetherby a fmaul Market Toun on a Hille,
-5 where I faw crucem [antiqxi op~\erif^ a 3. or 4. Miles [by
Corne,] Pafture, and'fum W[oode.]
Thens over a itone Bridge on Warfe to ....... on Fol. toj.
Walk ding- Sire ate a 6. Miles , and or ever I earn to this
thorough fare I faw by the fpace of a. or 3. Miles the very
playn Creft of Watheling-Streat.
Thens by the ftrait Creft QtWatkeling-Stteat*. 3. Miles or
more, ana then leving it on the righteHond I went to Bro-
therton (wher Thomas^ Sunne to King Edtoard the firft, was
borne, the Quene by chaunce laboring as flie went on Hunt-
ing,) a 3. Miles : and then by a Caufey of Stone with divers
Bridges over it to dreane the low Medow Waters on the
lift Hand into Aire Ryver about a Mile to F^-Bridge, wher
the firft Lord Fitzgua/ter of the Radccliffes was killid, flying
from Ctafr&A-felde.
De eft B. Nidde goithe Into Ure, ccrruftely there caul-
lyd Oufe, at Nunnmonk a 14. Myles, at the Watar rermithe
from Gnarresburgh Towns. Front Knaresbrughe over Nidd
&c. St. v Defut B.
J - " r
t Ure. z tourres. 3 wher.
,-fvfc- 1
Vol. i. N Then
9 g L ELAND'S ITINERARY.
Then over Fery-Bridge of vij. Arches, under the which
rennith Aire. The thorough fare there is no great Thing but
metely wel buildid.
Fery-Bridge about half a Mile from Pontfratfe.
From F[*rry-Bridg]e to Went bridge [Miles, and
foe to] Dancafter [miles.]
LI fawe by certaine m]iles or I cam [to Dancafter the
* very] mayn [Creft]
From Danea/ler to Rofmgtcn Bridge of Tymbre a 3. Miles,
al by Champain Ground.
Ther rennith a praty Broke thorough this Bridge, the
Heddes wherof rifith of divers Springes by Weft.
Rofivgton Chirch and Village is a Quarter of a Mile of apon
an Hillet.
From Rojingtox to Blith moft by woody Ground, part by
Corne, Failure, and Medow, a 5. Miles.
There renne to Brookes as I cam into the very Toun of
Blith. thefirir. that I cam over was the greatter,and cummithe
thither from the Wefte : the other rennith hard by the utter
Houfes of the 'Toune; and this,/3as theytold me,' was namid
Blith. v And, as I remembre", it is the very felf water that
cummith from Werkenfop^ or els Werkenfof-W^tei rennith
into it.
Both thes Waters mete togither * a litle beneth Blithe to
Medowes, and goit[h to Scra]fy Milles a
2. Miles [lower.] Blithe is [but metely builded. At the
Eaft] ende of the [Town is the Church, wherein be noe
tombes of noble-men.]
Jol. 106. I askid of a Caftelle that I hard fay was fumtyme at Blith :
but other anfwer I lernid not but that a litle or I cam ynto
theToun e ther apperith y n a wood fides token of an auncient
Building."
* very mayne Crefte of Wathelynge Strete. St. ft Defunt B.
y Defunt B. ^ a litle benethe Blithe To-wne in the Medo-a>s y
andgoithe by Scroby Mills a a. Mils lower. The Market To-a>ne
of Blithe is fratily buildyd. In the Priory at thefle ent of the
Churche are to be fene Graves of Noble Men. I askyd of a Ca-
Jlette &c. St. Seftio ifla ita fe habet in B. viz. L enquired
a Caftle at Blithe, of which a litle afore I came into the
towne appeared in a wood fyde tokens of an antient build-
ing. ther appeared yn a wood fide tokens G.
t tewac.
About
LELAND'S ITINERARY. 99
About a Mile beyond Btith I pallid by a Park caullid Hod-
fak y wher Matter Clifton hath a fair Houfe.
And a z. Miles farther much by hethy and then woddy
Ground I cam over a fmaul broke with a litle ftone Bridge
over it : and fo ftrait into Werkenfop, a praty market of z.
Streates and merely welle buildid.
There is a fair Park hard by it : and the beginninges of a
fair Manor Place of fquarid Stone yn the fame.
The olde Caftelle on a Hille by theTowne is clene downe
and fcant knowen wher it was.
This Toune, Caftelle and large Park longgid firft to the
Lovetotes, then, as fum fay, to one of the Nevilles.
Then were the ' Furnivaulx of certente owners there : and
after the Talbotes.
The Priorie of the Blak Cha[nons] the[re] was a thing of
ft [great building.]
From Wirkenfope I rode a longe by the Pale that environith
the great Wood, caullid Roome-wood, by the Space of ^.
Miles and more, and there I paffid over a litle Bridge, under
the which rennith Wilebek-Wzter. Wile hath z. Hedde
Springes, whereof the one rifith not very far above Wilebek-
Abbay. The bigger rifith farther of by Weft, and about
IVilebek cum to one botom. The Abbay of IVilebek is aboute
half a Mile on the righteHond above the aforefaide Bridge.
One Waulley hath bought this *Wood of the King, it longgid,
y as I hard," to Werkcnfop Priory.
From this Bridge to Cukeney- Village f about a Mile : and
ther cam doun a Broke from Weft, reforting, as one faide,"
to Wilebek Streme, or Wilebek to it.
Thens a i.Miles byCorne, Wood andPafture toWarfop
Village and there ran a Bek j and this, as the other doith,
refortith to K*JfW-Streame.
Thens to Maunfefeld^ a praty Market Toun of one Pa-
roche, by like ground a 3. Miles : and there rennith in the
midle of it a rille, and in the bottome, as I rode out ....
Weft a 4. Miles [of] andfoit
* Lovetofts, then to Furmvatf, after to the Nevilt. laftly
toTa!bot. The Priory &c. B. great butldmges, and a place
of Sepulture to the afore fayae Noble Men. St. y Defunt B.
3 One Mile JB. Defunt B. J and'm the bottom as I rode
out of the Towne^ a fraty Broke rifynge Weft 4. Miles of, & fo
It goithe &c. St.
^*te ' " i Furnivalx. i Wod.
N i
las LELAND'S ITINERARY.
goith to * Clypeften a 3. [miles lo]wer and [fo to Rufford
Water,] N.B.
Fol. 107. Fundat. monafter. de Kirkham^ Rivaulx 6c Wardona - y
P rrkff-" & fucceffio Dominorum de Ros .
Ds. Walterus Efpek miles Jlrenuus duxit in ax. Adelinanr,
qua! peperit ei unicum #07#meWalterum, (th. Vol. are here inferted
in their proper places. | partit* funt hereditatem. St. 2 Hawifa.
3 Rievalux.
Robertus
LELAND'S ITINERARY. 101
Robertas de Ros dittitf Furfan levavit.caflrum de Helmef- Fol. ioJ.
ley, c^ de Wark, & Tentplariis dedit Ribefton, & poffea di-
mifit terras fuas : & dedit Gul. fiiio fuo caftrum de Helmef.
ley cum psrtinentiis & advocat : monafteriorum de Kirkham,
Rievalx & Warden. Et dedit Roberto fiiio fuo cajirum de
Werk cum pertinentiis & baronia in Scotia ad tenendum deG\\\
fratre & heredib.fuispcrfer'vitiummilitare.
Poftea dittus Robertas Furfanfacfus eft templarius^ & Lon
dimfcpultus.
Gul. de Ros duxit in uxorem Luciam, $" genv.it Rcbertum
de Ros.
Hie Gul. fepultut eft in monafterio de Kirkham coram fum-
mo altari.
Robertas filius Gul. duxit in ux. Ifabellam heredem de Dau-
beney, & genuit Gul. de Ros. Hie Robertas fefu/tus eft afud
Kirkham in tumbamarmorea.
Gul. de Ros duxit in ux. Matildam de i ".
medietatis terrarum
Joannis de Vaulx, <& genuit ex ea Gul. de Ros, & fefultat eft
in monafterio de Kirkham in tuntbamarmorea ex farte boreali.
delef
Gul.jftow Gul. duxit in ux. Marionem de Baldeifmere, &
genuit ev ea GuL Thomam, Margaretam <& Matildam, ^
fepultus eft apud Kirkham in maujoleo lafideo juxta mag. al-
tare ex farte auftrali.
Gul. duxit in ux. Margaretam filiam D'. Radulphi Ne-
ville , qui moriebatur in terra fantta fne herede , & ibidem
fepelitur.
Thomas frater Gul. fucceflit^ & duxit in ux. Beatricem
filiam Radulphi comitis Stafford ; <& genuit ex ea Joannem,
Gul. Thomam, Robertum, Elifabeth & Margaretam,
Hie Thomas obiit />&-^Uffington, &fepultus ^/?Rievalli.
Joannes filius Thomse duxit in ux. Mariam de Orbe, Jtro-
rem comitis Northumbr. thorough fayre fayde St. & G. y Sic ex Autographo, folio
lacerato. Adeo ut non inpromptu ft dicere utrum tare fayde vel
fore faydefcribi debeat. quomodocunque legatur^ vox certe dejide-
rabltur. AtaueiUudfenfitJcriptor exemplarisBmtomzm.Nam iUe^
From the fayd through fare, I rode. 4 DefintB. t Defide-
ranturinft. Mountenanci^ cum fex pundtis, in G. u Cli-
ving B. 9- Paroch Churches, St. Mary, St. Peter, St. Ni-
cholas , St. Mary is excellent B.
t through, a without.
is
lo 4 X ELAND'S ITINERARY.
is excellent," [newe] and uniforme yn Work, andfo [manyj
fair Wyndowes yn it that [no] artificer can imagine to fet mo
Foi. ii i . ther. [South] Ward as to the Water fide be great Clifes and
Rokkes of Srones, that be large and very good to build with,
and many Houfes fette on the Toppes of them : and at the
Botom of them be great Caves wher many Stones hath bene
diggid out for Buildinges yn the Toune, and thefe Caves be
partely for Cellars and Store Houfes.
/8 Ther hath beene g.Houfes of Freres, y as I remembre,"
whereof z. ftoode toward the Weft of the Towne and not far
from the Caftelle.
The Towne hath 4 be meately welle wallid with Stone, and
hath had dyvers Gates, much of the Waul is now down and
the Gates laving a. or 3.
There is no fuburbe over the Stone Bridge of a A rches
Over Line on the South fide of the Toune.
And loke as the Towne and the Ground that it ftondith
on u and .... that is about it by North is highe, fo the
Ground. . . . the South fide w .... ut the t .... is a playn
low med . . . g. . . . . * . . e but litle L ..... "
I have written yn a fmaul peace of Papire certayne other
notable Thingesof iNotingham.
The Caftelle of Notingham ftondith on a rokky Hille as on
the Weft fide of the Towne : and Line Riveret goith by the
Rootes of it.
There is a great likelihod that the Caftelle was buildid of
-Stones taken owt of the 9- Rokke and the great Diches of it.
* Leg. ut in St. & G. and thefe Caves be partly vfyd for
dwellynge HowfeSj and partely for Cellars and Store Howfes.
ft Ther hath heene Sec.] In the Marg. of St. is written : Gray
and White Friars, y Defeat B. ff[ bene St. & G. Againft
. this Paragraph thefe words (viz. John's Hofpitall -was without
the Towne] are written in the Marg. of Mr. Stove's Tranfcript.
t S in the Original ^ with a [pace JJiewing that the number of
Arches if wanting. But in B. 'tis Bridge of Arches. Thh
Paragraph is thus exprefs'd in Mr. Burton's Copy^ viz. As the
North iyde of the towne is high, foe the South fyde is a
plaine lowe medowe ground, that at rene but licle Line* . .
..... 17 and that that is &C. fo all the Growndon the Sowthe
fyde witheout the Towne is a playne lowe Medow Grownd^ where
at renne but litle Lins and Trent Ryver. I have writ en &c. St.
. fr Rockes B.
s Notighzm.
The
LELAND'S ITINERARY. iof
The Bafe Court is large and metly ftronge.
And a ftately Bridge is there with Fillers bering Beftes ,v..i..
and Giantes over theDiche into the fecundWarde : the *fron-
ter of the which Ward in the Entering is exceding ftronge
with Toures and Portecoleces.
Much Part of the Weft fide of this inner Ward as the
Haul and other Thinges be yn Ruines.
The Eft fide is ftronge and well tourrid.
And fo is the South fide. Fol. us.'
But the y mofte bewtifulleft Part and gallant Building for
lodgyng is on the Northe fide, wher Ed-ward t\\Q 4. began a
right fumptuus pece of Stone Work, of the which he clerely
finichid one excellent goodly Toure of 3. Hightes yn Build-
ing, and brought up the other Part likewife from the Foun-
dation with Stone and mervelus fair cumpacid $ Windoes to
layyng of the firft foyle for Chambers and ther lefte.
Then King * Richard his Brother as I hard ther forcid up"
apon that Worke another Peace of one Lofte of Tymber,
making rounde Wyndowes alfo of Tymbre to the Proportion
of the aforefaid Wyndoes of Stone a good Fundation for the
newe Tymbre Wyndowes. So that furely this North Part
is an exceding Pece of Worke.
The Dungeon or Kepe of the Caftel ftondith by South and
Eft, and is exceding ftrong & natura loci & of ere. Ther is
an old fair Chapelle and a Welle of a gret Depthe. And
there is alfo a ' Chochlea with a Turret over it, wher the Ke-
pers of the Caftelle fay Edwarde the thirdes Band cam up
* thorough the Rok and u toke the Erie Mortymer Prifoner .
Ther is yet a fair ftaire to go downe by the Rok to -the Ripe
of Line.
There be diverfe Buildinges bytwixt this Dungeon and the
ynner Court of the Caftelle. and ther goith alfo doune a ftair
ynto the Grounde, 9- wher Davy Kinge of Scottes, ^ as the
Caftellanes fay," was kept as a Prifoner.
I markid in al 3. Chapelles yn the Caftelle and 3. Welles.
J Front for Tronter in G. /3 Portculeces B. y mofle
deeft B. ^ Window a tolaywg thefirfl Scite for Chambers^ and
there left G. R/chard 3. forced up J5. t, excedyngefayre
Ptce Sr. Exceeding faire peice B. Took Mortimer E.
March Prifoner E. "& Here B. Defunt B. ' *O'
x Choclea. a thorocg.
,- <."^^-.'.^U* .:,vT,^ s .^ Paflage al by
1 [Ferries.]
From Notingham to Leircejler xvj. Miles.
'; From Notingham to Sever * a xij. long Miles.
Firft I paflid by low Medowe and mm Morifch Grounde
by the fr>ace of a 3. Miles, and then by other 3. Miles by an
highe foile but not hilly, and about this 3. Miles End I cam
to apratyBrokeorRyveret^caullid iMyte^ that rifith above
that Place a vj. Miles or more by Wefte, and thens goith
an eight Miles lower into Trent not far above Newark-
Towne.
And cumming nere toward Mite Brooke, I lefte about a
Mile on the lifte Honde Ajlatton" Village in Notingham-
fiire, wher Thomas Cranmere, Archebisfhop of Cantorbyri^
was born, and where the Heire of the Cranmers a Man fcant
of XL. 3-4 Marks landes by the Yere now dwellith.
Svaley Ferry G. Sawcley-ferrev B. ft The Bridge B.
f Medowes for rifmg of Trent B. f No points after but in
St. and G. a jixteene long Miles G. fecus ac in Aut. & St.
cattUid Myte Broke G. and fo in the Marg. of the Orig.
n Aflafton G. This word is added by Mr. Burton. But in his
Copy given to the Bodlejan Library the transcriber has written it
Aflacton, both in the Text and Margin. & Pounds for Marks
inG.
t nor none St. i Ft without the Crotchets. Ferris St. 3 Place Mite
6t0ok in th Margin oppofite to My tc in the Text. 4 Mark-Iandc by the Ycre.
Then
LELAND'S ITINERARY. 107
. Then paffing a a. Miles by metely hygh and good foyle I
camtoaVillagcaullid ........ Thens 4. good Miles
to Sever, [pajrtely by Marfch, ' Me[dowe, and Failure, and
Corn gr]ounde.
[From Notingham to Sever all by * Champaine ground.]
The Caftelle of Belltvoire ftandith yn the utter part ySthat Fol. n
way of Leirce/terfiir, on the very Knape of an highe Hille,
flepc up eche way, partely by nature, partely by working of
Mennes Handes, as it may evidently be y perceyvid wither
ther were any Caftelle ther afore the Conqueft or no. I am
not i'urc, but furely I think rather no then ye.
Toterneius was the firftEnhabiter there after the Conqueft.
Then it cam to Albeneius.
And from Albeney to Ros.
* 3 Of this Defcent and of the Foundation of the Priory in
the Village at the Caftelle foote I have writen a Quire fe-
perately.
The Lord Ros toke King Henry the vj. parte agayn King
Edwarde^ wherapon the Lord Rofes Landes as confifcate
King Ed-ward pre . . . . ling',' and Believer Caftelle ....
in keping to the Lord Haf. . . . the which cumming thither
apon a tyme to perufe the Ground, and to lye in the Caftel,
was fodenly repellid by Mr. Harington^ a Man of Poure rher-
about, and frende to the Lord Rofe. Wherapon the Lord
Haflinges cam thither another tyme with a ftrong poure, and
apon a raging wylle fpoilid the Caftelle, defacing theRofes,
caulIM, and thews 4. good Miles St. ft Of that way B.
v It ftiould be diftinguifli'd thus : perceyvid. Wither ther
were any Caftelle ther afore the Conquejl^ or o, I am not fare ;
^ ,
but fur sly &c. ^ Toteneius B. * Of this Defcent &c.] A-
gainft this Paragraph in the Marg. of the Orig. is written :
Lake fol. off. fracedenti. , Landes flode as confifcate King
Edward prevaylynge^ and Believer Caftelle was put in kefing to.
the Lord Haftings, the vhich St. Landes were feix,td and con-
ffcated to Edward the fourth prevailing, and Bellevoir Caftle
teas given in keeping to the Lord Haftiuges, the which G.
Were feifed as confifcate to King E. 4. prevailing, and
Bclvolr Caftle was geven iu keeping to the L.
the which coming B-
i Uey de la Zouche y vfher he much bre of theRofes onkeverid rottid away,
buildid. and the (bile betwene the Waullcs at
the laft grue ful of Elders, and no ha-
bitation was there tyl that of late dayes the Erie of Rutland
hath made it fairer then ever it was. It is a ftraunge fighte 10
fe be how many fteppes of Stone the way goith up from the
Village to the Caftel. In the Caftel be ^. faire Gates. And
the Dungeon is * a fair roundeTour now turnid to pleafure,
as a place to walk yn, and to fe al the Countery aboute, and
raylid about ;he round [wall,] and a garden [plane] in the
midle.
There is a Welle of a grere Depth in the Caftelle, and the
Tol. nt. Spring fherof is very good.
The Lorde Haftingcs likewife fpoiled /3 Stoke-Da-a>l>eney J
a goodly Maner Place of the Lorde Rofes .... Miles from
Stanford^ y as I remembre," yn } Rutheland^ and caryid part
of it alfo to Ajjlheky de la Zouche.
The vale of Sever, baren of Wood, is large and very
plentiful of good Corne and Grafle, and lyith in 3. Shires,
Leyce/rer, Lincoln, and much in Notinghamjhire.
The Erie tfRutheland hath in exchaunge for other Landes
of the Kinges CV0.v?0w-Abbay ^. Miles of. and a Commcmn-
dery that longgid to S.j^/jw* toward Nwark, caullid theEgle,
wher is a very praty manor place. But I geffc that it ftondith
low and foule.
From Beavoire Caftelle to Croxton i. Miles, and from
Croxton I rood a 6. Miles farther into a litle through fare
caullid . by good [Paf]ture and Corn
Groande, i [but] and litle Woode
>fx>iriw [Then] I rode a 6. [Miles farther by]
W,y. J .*' . .Grounde, and there I enterid to the Cawfey oT
Wathtling-StreatejXMt there goith betwixt Anieefter K\6. Stan-
ford* ; and thens a 3. Mile to Caftellefordc-Bridgc ftil apon
a very fair rounde G. /S Sroke de Albanye B. y Defut
B. t Northamptonihire in marg. a manu Burtoni. Et Jic in
Apographo^ quod Bibliotbec t Bodlej. donavit. t tut all Ckam-
faine and litle Wood. Then I rode a 6. Milts farihar by like
Ground^ &c. St.
I takyng.
the
LE LAND'S ITINERARY. 109
the great Crefte of Watheling-Strfate^ by champaine Ground,,
Corrij and Gras, but litle or no Woode.
Under ' Caftelleforde Bridge of 3. Arches of Stone rennith
a praty brooke. I can take it to be no other broke but Wafch^
that cummith oute o{Ruthe!axdJ}jire t a.Uid not far beneihStaun*-
ford goith into Wefand-Ryver.
From Caftetford-Bridge to Stanford ftil on the Creft of
V/a+keling-flrete a Mile.
After that I paffid out of Stanford I could not welle finde
the Creile of Wathfling-Streate : but it went thens to Wedon
in the Streat, * Toucetsr^ and, as I take it, to Stratford, Dun-
(iablew&S.Albanes.
[From] Stanford to Colj-Wefon ^. [Miles] and a half by
champayn Ground.
From Coly-Weflon to Dene mofte by Chaumpaine Ground,
[Corne, ft i and Graffe.'J
From Dene to Foderingty moft by Wood thorough a Parte Fol. nff
of Rokeingkam-Fore&c a 6. Miles.
YromFodtringeyto Undale, a Market Toun, a. Miles.
Thens thorough r/W/>-Watermil to a Village caullid . . .
wher the King dynid in a meane Houfe a 4. or y y ,
al by Chaumpain, good Corn, and Grefle.
Thens a ix. Miles to Layton in Huntingdwfl;ire by like
Grounde.
Thens to Higham-Ferrares by like Grounde an 8. Miles.
And thens by like Grounde a 6. Miles to
wher Mr. S. John dwellith, in a right pratie Manor Place,
motid, wher 1 faw in theParoche Chirch an old Tumbe with
an Image in the Quire Waulle. Sum think that it was one
of the Breuft. for Brev>(is wer ons owners of that Manor.
From thens to Bedford by m[uch] like Ground an 8.
[Miles] [to] Bedford ther was
S. Paules in Bedeford
and was afore the Conq
after ontyl the Foundation ofNewen
* ToTPceJter, Stony-Stratford^ Dunflable and St. Albans B.
/8 andGreffe 6. Miles from Dene St. y Adde Miles cum B.
^ Higham-Ferrers B. Miles, but nere to Bedforde there
was fume good IVbod. Seint Pawls St.
i Cafiel'eford. i and Grat without Crotchets.
bencth
no LELAND'S ITINERARY.
beneth i Bedeford^ on Ufe Ryver. The Prebendaries had
their Howfes ^ aboute theCircuite of the Chirch ofS.Paule :
of the which the Names of 2. Prebendes remayne, and
Houfes longging to them, though theyr Staulles be in Lin-
coln. Roifa y Wife to Paganw de Bella Camfo, tranflatid the
College of the Chanons irregulars onto Nevenham, a Col-
lege of Chanons regular.
Simon de B?llo Campo^ Sonne to Paganus and Rohifia^ con-
firmid and performid the * Ade of hisMother. He lyith afore
the high Altare of S. Faults Chirch in Bedeford with this
Epitaphie graven in Bras and fet on a flat Marble Stone :
De Bel/o Camfo jacet hie fub marmore Simon
Fifitdator de Newenham.
Paganus de ft Bella had the Barony of Bedeford geven onto
hym after the Conquell of King Wylltam.
Roifta^ Wife to Pagane, made the Priorie oiCb'ikfand^ and
there was me buried in the Chapitre Houfe.
Fol. 117. Cawdc-welle-'Priory a 3 litle without Bedeforde, and a litle
louer then it apon Ufe npa y c;t:r. was of the Foundation of
one of the Beauchampes alfo.
And the Barony ofBedforde, with the Caftelle of Bedford,
as the place of the Inhabitation of the Berochaumpes^ re-
maynid in the Name ontylle that Fa/cafius de Brent had the
Cailelle and much Rule there in John Dayes and partely
in Henry the 3. tyme.
And as I remember I redde in one Place that" this 4 Pre-
ferrement cam to Falcafius by a Mariage.
But after that Falcafius and his r Brethren rebbellid again
King Henry the 3. he take the Caftel ofBedforde, and threw
it doun, gyving the foiie therof to one of the Beauchampes^
to whom it appertaynid by inheritaunce.
At the lafte the Beauchampes Landes for lak of Heires
Males i [came] to 5. Doughters one of. ... Beau-^
chaumpes wh t deft was Mary "
* Athe for Atts in St. ft Campo add'tt B. '/ dextra. for
c:ter. in St. and fo above the Line in G. Dextra/cr;'/V*r/0-
pra I'm. & fie quidem in B. f Defunt B. came to ^.Dojpgk-
tars of on? of the Beauchaumps, where of the e'deft TPM maned
tt the Lord Mulbray. The Lord Latimer &c. St. & G.
I Daughters and Heires, whereof the eldeft was married to
the L. MoTel>raye B.
i Bedford, a about 3 litel. 4 Fieferrenoen. ; Brcthern.
The
LELAND'S ITINERARY. m
The l.ordeLatimer *bouth the Landes of the fecund filter.
She lyvid, as fum fay, cxlets.
The thirde was maried to one Straunge. And Straunges
Part, for lak of Heyre Male, cam after onto ^. Doughters,
wherof Pigote maried the one, and PatefiuVethe other.
And a Pece of ' PateJhuFs Parte is fyns cum to S. John, the
beft of that name in * Bedfordjhire.
Boothe the Hojpitales in Bedeforde Town were of the
Fundation of the Townes Men of Bedford.
The Townes Men of late Dayes for bringging their Fee
ferme of Bedforde from XL//', by the Yere to xx//'. gave the
Title and Patronage of one of the Hofrntales to Sir Rcignald
Bray : and now a late by that meanes it is brought into meere
pofleflion of the Lord Bray.
From Bedefordto CafteUe-MiUe a a. Miles, partely by Pa- FoI.nS.
fture and Come, and partely y by.
A litle by Wefte from this Mylle upper on the Ry ver be R>f'zb+*
tokens wher a large Caftelle hath beene but there apperith CaftcU
no maner of Part of Building, but it is eafi to fe wher the
Area of the Caftelle was, and the great round Hille wher
the Keepe or Dungeon ftoode is clene hole, and at this tyme
there grouith many rugh Busfhes on it. and there is a mighty
ftronge and ufid borow for 4 Greys cr Foxes.
And about a Mile from thens, as the Millar fayed, is in a
Champain large Feld toward North a Diche and an Hille,
wher be likelihod was fum Pile or Forterefs. yet, as thePrior
of Newenham told me, it was in the way betwixt Bedford Neidom*!.
and S. Neot;s.
As far as I can lerne this Caftel by CafteUe-Mifle was the
LordeBeauchaumpes, Baron of Bedeford but when it fell to-
tally ine I have not yet lernid.
I now make Conjecture rather that it was Efpeket, founder
of Wardon-hbbzy in BedfordeJJ.nre-^ and Roffef his Heires.
It was a peace of the Landes ofWardon [Abbey.]
Mr. Gofleto'ik is Lorde of the Caftelle-Mylle, and the
Caftelle-Garth. he bought it of the King. It was longging
to the lace fupprelfid Abbay of Wardon in 3 Bedefordjhire.
* Bought B! /3 andfartelyfy defunt St. & G. y Deeft
vox. Nee fufflet B. in -JHO and partely by defiderantur.
t/l Greys and Foxes. St. Leg*, to ruine. Ita Autographon.
Heire in B.
I Fatafhul. i Bedfordefhire. 3 Bedefordefcire.
The
ill LELAND'S ITINERARY.
The Ryver of * Hufe againe the Caftelle brekith into 2,
Partes, and clofmg agayne a litle beneth theMylle makith an
Ifleland.
The leffer ftreame fervith the Mil. I pallid firft by a
Bridge of Wood over this Arme.
And by and by over the mayne Streame of l^-Ry ver by
a Timber Bridg.
And heere I lernid of the Millar that there was but another
Bridge of Tymbre onUfezt betwixt the Mylle
and S. Neotes.
After that I had paflid over bothe thefe Bridges I enterid
onto fumwhat low ground, where were very fair Medowes
and Failures, and fo ft WiUington-Vil\zge diftant about half a
Mile from CafteUe-Mylle.
The Village felf of Willington is commodiufly fet in a fair
gravely Ground and fair Wood in fum Places about it. It
longgid to theBeaucbaumfes Barons of Eedeforde [and] fins it
F1. 1 19. [came] in Partition to the Lorde Moullray of Axholme.
Mr. Goftetolk beyng borne in WiUingtoun boute this Lorde-
fliip of the Duke viNorthfolk now lyving, and hath made a
fumptuus newBuilding of Brike and Tymbre a. fundamentis in
it, with a Condudl of- Water derivid in Leade Pipes.
There was not very far y from the Place v/her now Mr.
GofteTeike hath buildid an old Manor Place, wher in tymes
pafte fum of the Moulbrays lay for a ftar e. Now it is dene
doune : but the Place is i notablely feene whei it was.
Mr. Gofletv'tke hath purchacid there befide Wellington a v. or
vj. Lordemippes mo.
From WlUington to AntehiUe-Cz&elle. a xij. Miles, almofl
al byChaumpaynGrounde, part by Corne, and i part by Pa-
fture, and fum baren hethy and fandy Ground.
About the Caftelle felf and the Toune of AntebtUe'i^ faire
Wood.
The Caftelle and Town of Antekitte with diverfe fair
Lordfliippes th[erea]bout longgid [to the L.Fankofe, a] man
[of great renownein theRaigneofK.H.^. ^ and]
This Lorde Fannope buildid this Caftelle as it is now ftonding
ftately on an Hille, with a 4. or 5. faire Towers of Stone in
*Uf*G. UfeB. /8 To Wellington Villages, y from
the Place (wher now Mr. Goftewike hath buildid] an old 6cc. G.
* and Henry the fyxte. St.
2 parte by Fafture.
the
L ELAND'S ITINERARY. 113
the inner Warde, befide the BaflTe-Courte, of fuch fpoiles as
it is {"aide that he wanne in Fraujtce.
It apperith by the Efte wyndow in the Chapelle withyn
the Caltelle of AnthlUe that he maried yn a Noble Blood :
as I remembre" {he was the Duches of v Exfeftre. it may
chaunce that the mariage of her was a great Caufe of the
fumptuus Building there.
This Lorde Fannofe lyith at the Blake Freres in London^
3 s as I have lernid," and his Wife on the right Hand of hym
and a Childe.
How the Lorde Gray of Rutkin cam to this Caftelle and
Landes i about it, I have hard thefeThingesfolowing told for
a verite.
In the tyme of the Civile War berwixt King Henry the
[vi.l and King Edwarde the [iv. the]re was a [Battailel
taught [hard without the South Suburbes of Northampton^
The Lorde Fannofe tooke totally King Henry's Parte. Fol. 110.
The Lorde Gray ofRutbine did the fame in Countenance.
But a lirle afore the feeld he pra&ifid with King Edward,
other faying that he had a Title to the Lorde Fannofes
Landes at Anteh'd and there aboute, or depraving hym with
falfe Accufations fo wrought with King Edwarde^ that he
with al his ftrong band oflFa/fchemettfelle to King Ed-wardes
Part, apon Promife that tfEdwarde wan the feelde he i {haul
have Anteh'd and fuch Landes as Fannofe had there.
Edwarde wan the Feelde, and Gray opteinid AntehiUe cum
pertinenttts : and ftil encreafmg in * favour with Y^ingEdivarde
was at the lafte made by hym Erie of Rente.
But wither the Lord Fannofe were flayn at [this] feelde or
no I am not fure.
The Market Town of [Ante hiU~\ is prary 3- and wel ....
. . t dift ant from the Caftelle : part of it ftandith
< on n Hille, but the moft and the beft Parte in a Valley.
* Defunt B. /S Deejt B. y E regions hfunt ab Autographo. v Houfe is
newly B.
i which that J ma x the
"Brarini in .$>!* not Better perceive the form of you have been at the
from MSS. o'dkurj in Pains of adding the Draught of one, accurately done
vKumtMin the fame by your felf. From your e xacJ and nice Relation 'tis
m figmficatum with plain that they afe j uft ^Q that we have in thellepo-
M* oxfird- j. ad j oyni CQ the BW /^ Library at Oxford.
This has been kept there for feveral Tears ; but vvh ere
'twas difcover'd there is not the leaft Memorial to infoi m us.
Perhaps it might be procur'd by Dr. Plot when he was writ-
ing the Natural Hijtory of Staffordshire, where he has men-
tion'd feveral Inftruments ot the fame kind dug up in that
County. You have told me that 'tis your opinion that thefe
Inftruments were the Heads of S fears or Walking Staves of
the civilized Brit&ins ; and for confirmation of it you refer me
See Vol. VI- pag. 181. ft See Chap. X. . 19. &c.
to
Antiquities found in York-fhire. iai
to Mr. Sp sett's Hijlory of Great Britain *, where he has pub-
lilh'd the Figures of the aatient Britain! both before and after
they were civiHx.'d. You acknowledge however that the
Toft of the Shears there are fomevhat different from thoie we
are now confidering. And indeed they are not onlyjomewbat
but a/together different, being exa&ly of the fame Make with
thofe we find in the Columna Trajavi and the Bcoh that re-
prefent to us the military Inftruments of the eld Romans,
Greeks, <&c. But had they been of fome Refemblancc, yet 1
cannot fee that thefe Figures in Speed are of any Authority.
For tho* you guefs that they were copied from old MSS. yet
I could never yet meet with any MSS. of our Briti/h Hijtory
that have any fuch Figures. If ever any one had them we
have reafon to prefume that other Books upon the fame Su&-
jeEt would have retain'd them ; at leaft we ought not to
doubt it of Copies of the fame Author. That is the method^
obferv'd in other Sorts of MSS. The Illuminators were ge-
nerally left at liberty as to the ornamental Parts of the Great
Letters ; but when zi\y Figures were to be depitfedthzt fhould
illuftrate and explain the Author, there they were to be exaft
and funffua/, and they had no more allowance to alter them
than they had to alter and interpolate the Text of the Author
himfelf. Hence I am inclin'd to think that thefe Figures are
modern, and are wing to Mr. Speed himfelf. 'Tis what alfo
himfelf infinuates in the fame Chapter, acknowledging that
they were adapted to the Defcriptions given of the Britains in
untient authentick Authors. But not to examin other Parti-
culars, the Form of the Spears in their Hands is not counte-
nanc'd by any Authority of Note. For tho' Herodian has
acquainted us that they us'd Jhort Spears, yet he is filent as
to the make of them. Nor indeed have we anywhere a good
Account of the Military Arms of the Britains. The Authors
tranfmitted to Pofterity by them are modern in comparifon
of the Roman Writers, and are withal Romantick and not to
be rely'd on. And as for the Bards they took no care to
tranfmit to Pofterity thefe Weapons, or to give us nice Rela-
tions of their Countrymen. 'Tis true, there have been and
are ftill found feveral Injfruments made of Flint t which the
beft Judges efteem to be Britijh. The Flint Heads of their
Arrows are commonly call'd in Scotland Elf- Arrows, as being
fuppos'd to have an extraordinary virtue againft the Elves,
and to drop from the Clouds. There are other Flints fome-
what inform of Axes, and thefe Df.Plot calls Britijh Axes ;
L. i. c. 7. ft Loco fupra cit.
Vol. i. CL but
lil A Difcourfe concerning fame
but Dr. Leigh thinks * they are Indian. Sir William Dvgda/e
inclines to the opinion imbrac'd by Dr.PAtf, and he ft acquaints
us with fcveral, of about four Inches and an half in Length,
curioufly wrought by Grinding. But they might as well have
been Roman^ the Romans having us'd Flint Weapons as well
as the Britains^ and 'twas from the Romans that the Britains
learn'd the Art ol -working them. That which alfo feems to
make us believe that they might be Roman is that thole men-
tion'd by Sir William were found at Oldbury^ Aldbury, or
JLaldbury, which was a Roman Fort, and is the fame in Signi-
fication with Alchefter in Oxfordjhire, Alike fler being nothing
but Ealb-cearcep, fo call'd by the Saxons to {hew that 'twas
a Place of Antiquity even in their time : jull as they alfo for
the very fame reaibn call'd the famous Ifurium in Tork-Jhire
(where are often found large Quantities of Roman Medals,
and pavimenta tejfillata) by the Isi ame of Ealb-bupg or Ealb-
bypij;, which name it retains at this day, not to mention
O/d I 6urymG/ouceJler-Jhire,Vfhich'wzs theRoman TRAJECTUS.
And tho' the anonymous Author of the Antiquities of Alchejler
at the End of the Parochial Antiquities otAmbrofden derive
Alchefler from AUetJtus, as if he were the Founder, yet there
is no Authority either from Coyns, Inscriptions, or Books to
countenance the Conjecture.
. 3. Now fmce there are no authentick Authors
The Brit* had by which we may learn what Arms were made ufe
their Origind from o f by t he Britains in their Wars, I can think of no
&fa JS^t P r u P er jr Method for finding this out than by feeing
deriving them from what Arms were in ufe amongft thofe People trom
Brte. The Gault de- whom they immediately had their Original. Mr.Sber-
icended from Comer, ringham^ who was a learned Man and endued with
J h9 A S S th f i
Nat.HiJl. lib.V.c.a?.
Q^ Magog;
^ Difcourfe concerning fome
Magog ; 'tis more probable that Magog feated himfelf in thofe
Countries, near to which 'tis agreed his Brethren fettled, than
that he wandred fo far out of the way from them. Here I
cannot but take notice that the Britains were like the Scythians
a frugal People, and their long Lives ( they often living to the
Age of iao Tears] might in great meafure be afcrib'd to their
Temperance, and their Milk Dyet, juft like the Hippomolgs
mention'd by Homer *. And as &fchylvs tells us that the Scy-
thians were iwrnuuis /Sjarjfit 'Jw^, a juft Nation and fed upon
ft Horfes Milk, in which fort of Creatures they took no fmall
pleafure ; fo the fame might be faid of our antient Britains,
who were very Religions and obferv'd the Rules of their Priefts,
ttv'd much upon Milk and Cheefe, and took extraordinary De-
light in Cattle, whence perhaps they might affe& to have the
Figures of Beafts cut upon their Bodies. From what has been
laid down I hope 'tis plain that the Gauls and Britains were of
the fame Original. What we have next to do is to fee what
Arms were us'd by the Gauls. There are feveral Authors that
have written of the nature of them, and particularly Ctuver
and Bovhorn. Their Names zrefpatka, gejftm, (gefum or g /KS'F> f$ or fts^is y ) thyreos, and
cetrum or cetra. I mall not here infift upon the fignification
or reafon of the Names, but only obferve in general, that the
geffum was a javelin, thefparum, cateia, and mataris were dif-
ferent Sorts of Darts, and that the thyreos was an oblong and
the cetrum was zjhort fort of Shield. So that the fpatha only
remains ( for the nature of the lance is well known ) to be
compar'd with the Weapons we are confidering. 'Tis call'd
by the Italians Efpada. From the Description that Ipdore has
left us of it, we are inform'd that 'twas a two-edged S&ord,
with which they cut and did not thru ft. Whence 'tis plain
thefe Arms had notjharp Tops, agreeable to what Livyi has
related that their gladii were pralougi ac fine mucronihus. Po-
ly bius has the fame reafon why they did not pttjh with them.
Hence it is clear that our Injlruments which have not two
Edges- but are dull like Wedges, were not fpath*, and fmce
they do not anfwer to any of the other GaUick Instruments we
muft carry on cur Inquiry, and examiu whether they agree
with any of the Arms of fome other antient Nation that made
a figure in Britain,
* II. XIII. verf. a. Or Cbeefe made of Horfes Milk.
y See ZJvy lib. VU. c, 14. Edit. Qxou. * Lib, XXII. c. 46.
Edit. Qxon.
4.
Antiquities fognd in York-fhire. iif
. 4. OuTAnceJlort the Saxons will have no The S<, not concern'd
Share in this Inquiry. For 'tis plain from the inthiii*giM>r. The >**
Hi (lory of them given by VerReran- and the F/'- ^ rw ' m "* 1'ke the &*.*.
*m ublifh'd aflb b himthat Setrs Halberds The
publifh'd alb by him,that Sfetrs, , -
Jft/ttt, Cfrtf-*, awr*. (which were 42 SeTfrom
and fMMffj fomewhat in famion of a $rt0r,) *, found in thereof
and Hatchets, which they call'd Bitts, were the ^ 4 " fome f which iccm
-dhw made ufe of by them ; nor did the Wen- to J* *"??* - Acc ? un ' f
f w of the * that fucceeded them much JKL * SH of i
vary, if at all. Coming from thcfameParts they us. Fragment of fww P-
us'd the yiwtf Cujloms in their Military Under- tjhia r . Ritnid
takingt. And thefe continu'd afterwards, even "". fometimes
after the Entrance of the Normaxt. For tho' JJJSaf**
the Normans endeavour'd to make an int'tre Al-
teration^ yet they found the Attempt impracticable, and
they were forc'd to acquiefce, and lay afide their Propofalt,
which thwarted very much thofe antient Cufioias that were
here generally enrertain'd and received. But however not-
withftanding thefe Inpruments do not refemble either the
Saxon or Danijh Military Arm;^ yet I find in Wormius's Mu-
ffunt tt two Cimtric Inftruments with which they have fome
likenefs. Thefe he tells us were of #r/f/>, and he calls them
Wedges. The larger of them was five Inches in Length^ and
three in Breadth. He is of opinion that they were us'd in
the Wart) efpecially when the Armies were very near each
other, and came to Hand-blows . If they had Holes , by which
hey might have been fix'd to Helves, he would have be-
lev'd them to be Battle Axes ; but being neither htUotp
(as ours are) nor having no other way of being faften'd to
oher Inftruments he concluded that the name of Wedges
mght be moft proper. A very ingenious Gentleman forne-
tine fmce inform'd me that much fuch Instruments had been
fouid in the IJle of Man, and that a great many Urns had
bed alfo difcover'd there, as likewife divers Infcn'ptions
wit. Jlrange Cbarafters. I do not queftion but the Infcri-
ftiox are Runick. And 'tis highly probable that the Injlru-
MeMt-were like thofe in Wormius ; but if they agree exaftfy
with-jurs, they will from what I (hall fav by and by appear
to btRoman. For notwithstanding it be commonly held
that ie Romans never were in this Ifle- yet I fee no other
reafon-why it fhould be thought fo, than that the antient
A'ttko* now remaining do not mention it. This is only a
egatn Argument, and what we ought not to lay a very
A Difcourfe concerning fame
great flrcfs upon. The Urns feem clearly to evince that
they were there. They are oftentimes alledg'd to {hew that
the Romans had Stations in other Places than thofe accounted
for in the common Editions of Antoninus' s Itinerary ; even
in thofe whereof there is no mention in the Anonymous Raven-
nas. I know indeed that 'cis faid that thefe Urns muft be
perfectly Danifo, by reafon ofthefmal/6/ack Bones and Aflws
found in them which however is no fure Ground to go
upon. For I have feen in the Bodlejan Repository a piece of
a Roman Urn which was dug up feveral Tears ago at an old
Roman Town in England, with many others, fome of which
were of different Figures. 'Tis now in a Box, and with it
are little black Bones, &c. wrapp'd up in two Pieces of course
Linnen. This Linnen is in the fame Figure with the Urn,
but the Urn for one of the Pieces is wanting. The Smattnefs
of the Bones ihews that they are the Relicks of children. It
was cuftomary among the Romans after the Bodies were burnt
to wafh the Bones with Wine and Milk, and afterwards the
Women wrapt their Children in Linnen, dry'd them in their
Bofoms, and then put them into Urns to be bury'd. This
Cuftom was alfo peculiar to the Danes, who learn'd it from
the Romans, from whom likewife they received Urn-Burial
it felf. Such Urns too are mention'd by the famous Sir Tho-
mas Browne to have been found at old Waljingham a in Tork-
Jbire. And perhaps thofe found fome time ago in the Borough
of Southwark ft ( by London ) were of the fame Sort ; and
others found at Camulodunum, which Dr. Gale reckons y tc
be Walden, and not Maldon according to the common ac-
count. Not to mention thofe found at Durolitum, whici
the fame Author makes i to be Leighton-Stone within fi\e
Miles of London, and not within fifteen Milee, as in the cr-
rupt Copies of Antoninus. Nor is the Roman Hiftory alo-
gether filent of the Ifle of Mans being known to the to-
mans. For Plutarch i exprefsly tells us that one Demerius
fail'd hither, as well as to other Britijk Ifles in the Reig. of
Adrian. I have alfo feen an old Manuscript of Soltnus oly-
hijtor belonging to the Library of GreJham-College, in \nich
there is an intire Chapter relating to Ireland, not exftat ( I
think ) in the common Editions, which, if genuine an not
taken from Gyraldus Cambrenfis, will plainly prove tht Ire-
land was known to and frequented by the Romans^ his
* in York/hire.'] Leg. in Norfolk. See Dr. Gale'spojlhu-
mous Comm. upon Antoninus' 's Itin. pag.^. y Ibid, jig.lii,
nz, 113, 114. ^ Ibid. pag. n<>. i De Orac. def. 4 J 9*
time.
found in York-mire. 117
time. But I have not yet had a proper opportunity of tran-
fcribmg and confidering it. 'Tis no wonder that Runick In-
fcriptions are difcover'd in the Placet where Roman Urns are
found. Thofe Inscriptions might have been made upon other
Occafwns after the Ijle of Man became in future Acs inha-
bited by Danes and Norwegians. The fame Accident has
fometimes happen'd in England. And Mr. Camden particu-
larly relates in the clofe of his Difcourfe concerning Stone-
Henge that in the time of King Henry VIII. was found at
Stone-Henge a Table of mixt Metal, on which were ingrav'd
many Letters, but the Character was fo flrange that neither
Sir Thomas Ely of, nor Mr. Lilly, the famous School-ma fler of
St. Paul's, could tell what to make of them, and fo there
was no care taken to preferve the Monument, the Lofs of
which was afterwards much lamented by O/aus Wormius, who
thought it to be Runick, as without queftion it was : and
yet Stone-Henge it felf is a Roman Work, as has been made
out by Mr. Inigo Jones, who though he was confuted by the
late Learned Dr. Charleton, yet Mr. Jones's opinion was
very well defended by Mr. John Webb, who has in his Book
diftin&ly examin'd the Methods made ufe of both by the Ro-
mans and the Danes in their Buildings.
. <;. Having proceeded thus far in this Inquiry,
and fliew'd that thefe Injlruments were not military Thefi: Wrumnt* are
Arms either of the Britains, or of the Saxons, or of us'TIn 1^1"^'*
the Danes, I mail now carry it on farther and en- p eett nor the Hflijtfd&c.~\ Since thisDifcourfe was pub-
lifli'd my learned Friend ROGER GALE Efq; hath written
me word (in a Letter dated Seft.j^. 1711.) that tho* there
be many Errata in his Antoninus (occafion'd by his Abfence
from the Prefs) yet that the Infcription here quoted is exadt-
ly copy'd in p. 13. of that Work from the Original (which
he hath feen feveral times ) except that the word v o L in
the fecond Line mould have been wrote v o'E, which was
an Omiffion of the Ingravers. And whereas in my Anfwer
to him, I defir'd to know whether Signif. in the fame In-
fcription be cut in the Stone in this manner S I G N i .
(as he hath reprefented it ) or (as I have exactly printed it
in my Livy from Mr. T H o R E s B Y'S Copy ) S I G^p ,
he affur'd me foon after in another moft obliging Letter
(dated Sept.r&h.) that he had compar'd the Infcription fince
Antoninus was publifh'd with the Original, and that I might
depend upon it that he had faithfully and truly reprefented
this Word Signif. adding withal that being very fenfible koto
accurate every one ought to be that takes upon him to copy old In-
fcriptions, he took the greateft care he pofjibh could^ to give us
all 'thofe he hath publijtt d, as exattly as he could by the be ft Informa-
tion he was able to procure., vhere he could not fee them himfelf.
R % .7- Be-
13* A D'fcourfe concerning feme
Such inftrumtntt alfo . 7. Befides the ufes thefe Injiruments were put
sd m akin 6 lh j to in forming the Roman Camps, they were more-
falXji^iS over imploy'd in making and repairing the High-
fenns. Thofe we are voays^ which fwallow'd up a large Quantity of S/0e,
now difcourfing of efpecially in fuch Places as were marfhy and fenny.
perhaps fome of thof e The p^^ ^r/Z^ were vaftly large, and yet at
"L/ L *** ^ uch time as tne w** were too many to be us'd
which time the 'four againft the Enemy , a motion was made that they
Crftif way* were re- fliould be imploy'd to drain them j which was to
pai !&ii - Th l '"" well approved, that the. Senate immediately gave Or-
^/for'dirSion of Jerf f T k > aild the S ' tl WSS f rlch and / CT>/ ' 7 ' that
Traveller, were rjfe ^r^# Numbers came and fettl'd here, infomuch that
and MH/J, and dif- there were no lefs than xxxin. !art *' ftrength again,and 'twas in a manner -wholly drown'd,
which m^dQ Julius C
caus'd a Stone way to be made through them, whereon were
built large Inns and magnificent Bridges for conveyance of
the Water which was in the upper part of the Marjh. For
memory of which he had a monumental Stone eredted with a
proper Infcription, by which it appears that the Way was
xix. Miles in length^ there being plac'd at the End of every
Mile a Mile-ftone^ and from thence the Way it felf was in
Aicceeding times call'd Dectnnoi'ium. I might from hence
take occafion to mention other Works of the Romans in Italy
of this kind, in which Chi/ftls were absolutely nece/ary for
fitting the Stones j but this is necdlefs at prefent, and there-
fore I (hall only remark, that as Trajan was diligent abo:it
the Ways in Italy and other Parts, fo it feems he was no
lefs careful of thefe Affairs in Britain. For notwithstanding
fome tell us, that the four great Ways in Britain are owing
to Molmutius one of the Brit'Jb Kings, and Belinus his Son,
yet Mr. Camdenzftd. others have fhew ? d that they are rather
to be attributed to the Romans^ being repair'd and made as
it were quite anew (whereas before they were very mean)
by Trajan^ after he had reduc'd the Britains to obedience.
Befides which Ways he alfo made divers other leffer ones
here, and 'perhaps thefe Cbijfels that have occafion'd this
Letter may be fome of thofe us'd by the Souldiers in his
jRg, though before his time Afts of this kind were per-
form'd by the Roman Souldicrs^ who alfo forc'd the Britains
to undergo the fame Dritagery^ which occafion'd them to
complain
found in York-fliire. 133
complain to Agricola, as if they were toofeverely and hardly
dealt with. The fame Works were carry'd on alfo after-
wards, particularly by Lettias Urbicus Legate toAntoninusPius.
When thefe Ways were thus repair d, extraordinary Caution
was likewife us'd to diftinguifh difficult Places, and to direct
Travellers- by fetting up Stones in thofe PaJJages that were
croft and lead to feveral diftindt Towns. Thefe Stones were
large and were facred to Hermes or Mercury, who prcfided
over High-Ways. Thence they are call'd alfo tierm* $ but
thefe Stones were not hewcn as the Stones were that pav'd
the Ways., but were left rough, according to the Rules laid
down m the Gromatical Writers : the reafon whereof feems
to have been that they might not by this means offend the
God Mercury ; though methods were contrived to fix In-
fcriptions which were to advertife Travellers : but thefe Stones
were different from the Saxa. milliaria, which were polifh'd
and fbmetimes curioujly wrought, juft like that which was
found at London feveral years ago in Canon Street, and is
look'd upon ft to have been one of the antient Grom ^ they tem"
in former Times thought there was an extraordi- p'd it would en-
nary Virtue in Brafs. Whence it was that they us'd durc ** Stone -
* See the Figures of fome of them in Dr. Gale's Comm.
upon Antoninks's Itln. p. 16. See alfo Hid. pag. 39. & in
pag. 154, 135. Mr. Leland (Vol. primo Itin. Fol. 101. )
takes the Stones defcrib'd by Dr. Gale p. 16. to have been
Trophies of the Romans. Confult alfo for this Subjed Sfon's
Mifcellanea erudita antiquitatis, where is a DifcourJ'e about
thefe Stones, with the forms of divers that he met with.
Others may be feen in Reinefius pag. 295, 196. one of which
is concerning the refloring of the Apfian Way. And Mr.
Camden (pag. 147. Brit. Ed. opt.) mentions fome found near
the River Ifc or Ex in Devonjh. with Anglo-Saxonic^ or ra-
ther Danifh Letters. Which are likewife infifted upon,
with others, by Dr. Childrey, Brit. Bac. p. 24. z8. Yet they
feem originally to have been put to another ufe. ft See
Gale's Comm. upon Axtoninus p. 90. y Pag. 669, & fin- _
foafs
1 34 -A Difcourfe concerning fome
brafs Instruments when the Moon was in an Eclipfe *, think-
ing that by the beating of them {he would the more eafiiy
be recovered from her Labour, which Cuftom almoft univer-
fally prevail'd. And 'twas upon account of this peculiar
Virtue fuppos'd to be in Brafe that the Instruments made ufe
of in the Sacred Offices were in the more early Times all of
Brafs, that the Tufcans us'd Braff -Plough-Scares y when their
Cities were built and that the Priefts of the Sabins were
fhav'd with Brafs Razours . Hefiod himfelf tells -/ us that
the Antients us'd Brafs Injlruments before Iron ones :
At which time not only their Arms $ but their Houfes were
like wife of Brafs :
To/f cT* tun jgtMux j* Tifytt, ^atAXio/ i/V 7t eljce/. s
The Cuftom might prevail as well in Britain as elfewhere,
Iron being not fo very plentiful in the j&y? fr'ww of the .Ro-
?j, however it might increafe afterwards when the Bathe
Forge ^ was eredted, and all proper methods us'd upon that
occafion. Mr. Camden himielf in pag.i 37. of his Brit. (Edit.
opt.} takes notice that the Weapons of the Greeks^ Cimbri arid
Britains were made of Brafs j and he inftances in feveral
that were dug up at Mounts-bay in Corn-wall. And 'tis for
See Livii lib. XXVI. C. y. Edit. O.vow. /3 Rhodigini an-
tiq. Leftt. lib. XIX. c. 10. y E^y. xjci H^. lib. I. v. i^o.
J but theirHoufes were liketpife ofBrafs.'] I might here likewife
have faid fomething of the Brafs Chariots of the Ancients. But
for that I refer you to 1. 1. c. 3. ofScbejfer's excellent Work de
re vehicular!. Utd. v.i4p. t Which I take to have been a
Fabrica Armorum, and not a Fabrica of a (ingle Legion only, as
perhaps fomeLearne d Men may fugged. Every particular Legion
had it's Fabri Ferrarii^ but it does not appear that a diftinct
Fabrica was alotted to each. Nor does an Inscription in
Reinejius (pag. 5:39.) evince the contrary, but rather makes
for this feppojition. C. Ancharivs Eutychus is mention'd there
to have been one of the Fabri Ferrarii of the XXth. Legion-^
and 6j.Anckarius Nteoftratus is call'd FAB. ET PRjEF.
FABR. LEG. XX. But F A BR. in this Place does not
fignify FABRICS, as if there was a diftind Fabrica be-
longing to the XXth. Legion , but Fabrorum 5 and we hence
learn that Nicoftratus was not only one of the Fabri, but the
chief of thofe in the XXth. Legion^ and that though he was
in that refpedt pr*,>. *' a
your Collection, namely a Spur that is no lefs than
61 Inches long from the Heel to the Middle of the Rowel,
which you take to be of a much later date than the other
Monuments, we have one in the Bodleian Rcpojitoty of much
the fame length, of which I have made mention in my Ad-
ditions ft to Sir John Spelmans Life of King JElfred. There
have been feveral others found in England, and you have
juftly guefs'd your's to be more modern than the other In-
jtruments. For thefe Spurrs are certainly Danijb, as appears
from Wormius's Mommenta Danica y, where he has given us
the Figure of one, and there is an account of divers others
towards the latter End of his Mufeum, one of which is a
Foot and fome odd Inches in Length.
. 10. I have been the more particular upon this Sufyeft, conclufioq.
becaufe I do not remember that it has as yet been treated
of by any of our Antiquaries ; and 1 was willing to difcufs
feveral other Points that occasionally offer'd themfelves when
I began to confider it. Conjectures in Affairs of this nature
are allowable, and accordingly I have made ufe of them ;
but I have endeavour'd to keep my felf within the Bounds of
Modejly, and I leave the whole to your better Sagacity. If I
have fuggefted any thing that may be of ufe to you, as well
as ferve to gratify your Curiofty, it will be abundant fatif-
fadionto, S[R>
Oxon. Dec. Your oblig'd humble Servant,
ao th 1700.
THO. HEARNE.
Laurentii Polymathia, pag. 305. col. i. in which Place is
an account of the BuccuU, and of the Crifa plac'd upon the
Helmets of the Antients, whence the modern Crejls . ft Pag.
' " Pag - T - S.NCE
A Difcourfe concerning fome
I N C E the Publication of this Difcourfe I find that
Begerus * hath given fome Account of the fame kind
of Inftruments. He reckons them amongft the ancient
celtesj which were chiefly made ufe of in cutting Infcriptions
upon Sepulchral Monuments. And this Opinion will very
well agree with, and in no fmall meafure confirm, what I
have noted, 'viz. that they are fome of the ancient ChhTels.
And being found in Forreign Countries, as well as Britain,
we may from thence learn that they are not properly Britijh
Weapons, but rather Roman.
Sepulchral Monuments, amongft the Romans, werelook'd
upon as very facred, and fevere Punifhments were inflicted
upon fuch as prefum'd to violate them. Which Mulds were
fbmetimes pecuniary, and Cautions againft their Violation
are frequently given in the Infcriptions themfelves to fuch as
mould view them. Hence in a Monument on the Eait Side
of our Theater Yard at O x F o R D we have a Prohibition a-
gainft the Alienation of it either by Sale or Gift, and a pecu-
niary Penalty of 30. thoufand Seftertii (for H S, or rather
LL S,~XXX. M. N. is the fame as Sejlertii triginta m'tUia
nummum) is injoyn'd to fuch as mould be guilty of this Crime;
which Money was a great Sum, and was immediately to be
lodg'd in the Ark< (not Area, which were lefs confiderable)
of the Pontifices. And the better to fliew the great defire that
the Erectors of it had, that the leaft injury fliould not be done
to it, thefe Letters H. M. D. M. A. (which fignify huic mo-
vumento dolus mains abefto ) were added at the end. The
fame Letters, or others to the fame purpofe, were alfo often
put on other Monuments, and were as well underftood as if
the words had been ingravM at full length. But that thofe
that are curious and exa& in thefe Studies may be the better
fatisfy'd, and may be able the more eafily to make their own
Obfervations, I mall publifh the Infcription at large ; and
efpecially for this reafon, becaufe I find that 'tis not printed
with that due exaftnefs as could have been wifh'd in the
Marmora Qxonienfia /3.
D M
P- AELIO- AVG- LIB-
^ERASING- DVLC1SSIMO
ET PIENTISSIMO
A EM ILIA- HELEN E- .TCOIVNX
* In p. 419. of the Hid. Vol. of the Brandenburg Anti-
quities, ft Pag. 148. v Non ERASINIO. ut in Marm.
Qxon. 9 CONIVNX perperam in Marm. Ox.
ET-
Antiquities found in York-fhire.
ET' P' P- AELlI- AVG- LIB.
MVSICVS- ET- HELENVS- F I L !
FECERVNT- E T' S I B I' E T- SVlS- LIBERTIS' LI3ER
TABVSQ_VE- POSTERISO^VE- E O R V M
I T A- N E L I C E A T- H V N C' M V N I M E N T V M- VEKDERE
VEL DONARE- O^VOD- SIFACTVM' FVERIT'
VTRISQVE- ARk- PONT1F1CVM'
;]*f.' XXX- M- N- yPOENAE NOMINE
I N F E R E T- H- M' D- M" A'
It may be farther noted that not only the Stones, but even
the Ground for fuch a Diftance was efteem'd as holy. For
this reafon we have in old Monuments fo many Feet in agro
& infronte. Since therefore Funeral Monuments were held
fo facred, 'tis no wonder that the moft facred Sort of Metal
was imploy'd in cutting and ingraving the Infcriptions upon
them. The depth of the Letters requir'd no great Force in
the Operation, at leaft not a greater than was confiftent with
the Strength cf.fuch a Metal. But allowing this, wry mould
the Romans ufe it on other occafions, namely in paving the
High-Ways and in forming their Camps, when Iron, a more
proper M~tal, might be fo eafily procur d by them ? Several
curious Observations and Reflections might be made in Re-
ply to this Queftion ; but all I (hall fay in aniwer to it is, that
the Romans were a very Religious People, and they thought
that the more venerable for it's Sacrednefs the Metal they
made ufe of was, fo much the more profperous the Works
they rais'd by the help of it would be. ApoUo^ Mars and
Mercury, as well as the other Gods, appear frequently amongft
thofe Figures on Monuments of Antiquity that are owing to
the Romans. This is wholly to be attributed to theirReligion.
And 'tis a notable inftance of it that we have in the Stunsfeld
teflellated Pavement, where Apollo Sagittarius (who, for the
Affiftance he is fuppos'd to have given in Military Affairs, in
an Infcription in the learned Mr. G A L E'S valuable Edition
of Antoninus f is ftyl'd MARS B E L A T v c A D R v s) is re-
prefented with a Jaculum in one Hand, and a Patera ( made
like a Cantharus] in the other, thereby mewing how necef-
fary it is that even in Matters of War the Offices of Religion
ftiould be ftri&ly obferv'd, and that no Adion of that Kind
Ihould be undertaken without paying the greateft Adoration
to, and having the moft profound Reverence for, the Gods,
. Non HOC- MONVMENTVM- ut in Marm. Oxo*.
fi Sic in lap. non H-S. ut in Marm. O.v. y Non PAENAE,
ut in Marm, O*. * Pag. 34.
Vol. i. S par-
A Difcourfe concerning fome
particularly for fuch as were fiippos'd to intereft themfelves
more nearly upon fuch occafions. It muft indeed be allow'd
that Brafs ( as we ufe it now) was not io fit for cutting and
policing fuch Stones as were of a more hard and firm Sub-
ftance. But then (not to take notice that our Inftrument in
the BODLEJAN Repofitory is very much blunted and bro-
ken in the Operation to which it had been imploy'd ) we are
withal to confider that they had fuch ways of tempering it as
would render it capable of undergoing the utmoft Violence.
This method I mention'd before. 'Tis call'd temferatura du-
rtjjima by Montfaucon *, who gives Inftances of Brafs Inftru-
ments as hard as Iron. And Iceland himfelf mentions ft Axes
for War, and Swords of Copper that had been found at
Gnaverflake Bay in Cornwal, to fay nothing of the Brafs Hel-
met in Lambecius y. This is certain, that had not this way of
tempering it been of old time in very great Perfection, 'tis
not conceiveable how or why all their Arms mould be made
of Brafs, as without doubt they were. The Scripture tells f us
that Go/iah's Helmet, Boots (or Greaves) and Shield were all
of Brafs. Upon which occauon Chiffletius notes that all the
Military Inftruments were of Brafs,at the fame time obferving
that they had a particular way of tempering it,notwithftanding
loft afterwards. And this is confirm'd from the Parian Chro-
nicle in which 'tis noted thatlron was not found out 'till about
1 85. Years before the Trojan War. Upon which Account
'tis that we havefo frequent mention of Brafs Arms and Brafs
Spears in Homer , by whom Vulcan is call'd xAvmfxw, . e.
according to the Scholiaft, fe} tU ^A*^/AcJ wM^. Alc iih f
Cafaubon notes that ia the abovefaid Verfes out of Ah**s
fome read %*.\v&*cu OU-M&M for ^aAwJW r<0/. Which
Emendation he by no means allows. For the Ancients calFd
Inftruments made of Brafs 0/>?r* Ckalc'idha^ becaufe Works of
this kind began rirft to be wrought ztchakis mEulxea^ as 'twas
thought. Thence Stepbanut de Urbibus : Tm X>auhif ai,jacent
in meis sedibus & clyfei occlforum. vel, K^ft 6 7m< "
Ex Alcaeo colligi poteft, cingulum militare ita didum, aut
aliquam aliam armaturae partem. Plura Suidas, apud (juem
fcriptum *****. Cafavb. t Corrigo rtimw, t^ia frimt Jteti-
mus in ea fvgna. Caf.
S a re-
240 A Difcourfe concerning fome
recommended to all young Gentlemen that ftudy the ancient
Greek Clalficks) all I fhall now farther obferve is, that foon
after the Publication of the V th - Volume of this Work, my
honour'd Friend Dr. RICHARD RICHARDSON (an in-
genious, judicious, and learned Phyfician of North Brierly in
the Weft Riding of Torkfhfre^ and formerly a Member of
UNIVERSITY College in Ox F o R D) was pleas'd to fend
me a Letter, in which, amongft other Particulars, he hath
thought fit to give his Opinion about thefe old Inftruments ;
which tho' it be different from mine, yet 'tis deliver'd with
all that Candour and Modefty which becomes a good Chri-
ftian and a good Scholar, as will more evidently appear
from the Letter it felf, which, for the fake of the Publick, I
fhall here fubjoyn.
SIR,
Having read over your elaborate Edition of Leland's Iti-
nerary to the End of the Fifth Vol. (for which the curious,
cfpecially fuch as ftudy our Englifli Antiquities, are much
obliged to you) I find it adorned with a great many learned
Remarks upon the Antiquities of feveral Counties, moft of
your own, and fome communicated to you by Friends, which
add a very great Luftre to the Work. This has induced me to
look over fome difperfed Papers relating to a few of the An-
tiquities that 1 have obferv'd in the Weft-Riding ofYorkihire,
which I had chiefly taken notice of fome Years ago. If they
will be fcrviceable to you in any refped, I give you free li-
berty of making what ufe of them you pleafe tho' I wifli I
had time to reduce them into that agreeable Method, as
might render them fit for the Publick. The Obfervations
are juft, and fuch as you may depend upon. Mr. Camden
has left us a very flight Account of the Weft-Riding of York-
ihire, efpecially of that Part joyning upon Lancafhire, which
^affords as many Curiofities both of Art and Nature as any
Part of England, and doubtlefs would afford as great Satii-
faction to any diligent and learned Inquirer.
Of Britifli Antiquities, that are certainly fuch, I can give
but a very {lender Account, only I .have feveral Heads of
Darts that are Flints of feveral Colours found here by plough-
ing, and are looked upon as Britifli. And I have met with
feveral Britifh Words that are ftill in ufe, fuch as Laghton
for aGarden, which I take to be a Bed, or Hillock, of Leeks ;
Kaumty a barren and fteep piece of waft Ground, which
feems to me to be a Derivative from the Irifh Word Kuanna,
a Mountain ; befides many others, which I cannot now re-
member : tho' I doubt not but a much greater number may
be difcovered by any Perfon skilled in the Britifh Language.
Antiquities found in York- {hire. 141
I have now by me one of thofe Brafs Inftruments found at
Kiddale, and given me by William Ellis Efq; , Proprietor of
the Place, which feems exadlly to agree with the Draught
fent you by Mr. Thoresby, upon which you have with much
Learning and Judgment given us your though, s ; but (with
Submiffion to much better Judges) I am induc'd to think,
that thefe Inftruments did not belong to the Romans, nor
were imployed to any ufe yet afligned them : and that they
were not the Heads of ftaves belonging to the Britains (as
Mr. Thoresby believes) I think you have given full Satif-
faclion.
That thefe Inftruments were caft in a Mould is very evi-
dent, not only by the Seams on the Sides, but by the very
Sand in which they were caft, this of mine being very nign
half filled with it. The Compofition I take to be the fame
with our Brafs Pots, and to confift of two Parts of courfe
Copper, and one of Lead. Thefe Inftruments are alfo too
much hollowed, and too thin, to be imployed for cutting of
Wood or Stone. And withal being fixed to a Handle or
Shaft, they muft be driven into Wood or Stone by the force
of a Hammer ; which great force not only the Brittlenefs
and Softnefs of the Metal doth not admit of, but they muft
alfo by fuch Violence be burft in Pieces. And befides I do
not fee why we mould aflign fuch fervile ufes to a Metal
fo facred to the Romans, when this part of Britain affords
one much fitter for the purpofe you imploy thefe Inftru-
ments to. That Iron was made in this Neighbourhood in
the time of the Remans a late Difcovery has fufficiently
convinced me. Upon removing a heap of Cinders to repair
the High-Ways withal, a good Quantity of Copper Roman
Coyns were difcoverea, fome of which I have now in my
pofleffion. Thefe were of Conftantine, Conftantius, Dio-
cletian, and of the Ufurper Caraufius. This Country a-
bourids with fuch heaps of Cinders, though we have not fo
much as any Tradition that ever Iron was made there.
That the Romans underftood the Tempering of Steel to a
very great Nicety the ftately Monuments of Granate and
Porphyry ftill at Rome are 'Evidence for us. If it be al-
lowed that the Romans made Iron in thefe Parts, and un-
derftood the Tempering of it, I do not fee why a lefs fit
Metal, and alfo of more Value, mould be fubftitute to it.
But I muft ftill own my felf at a lofs to apply a proper
ufe to them, though I am not fatisfyed with any that has
been afligned. The laft Summer 1 met with a MS. Account
de AntiqHitatitus Infvla Men* in the Hands of my worjhy
and learned Friend'Mr. Fowke nigh Ruthin in Denbyfhire,
. lent
141 A Difcourfe concerning fame
fent him to perufe by Mr. Rowland a Clergyman of An-
glcfey, and Author of it, in which I found the defigns of fe-
veral Brafs Inftruments of the fame Form with ours, having
alfo a Loop at the Side, though not a fourth part fo large.
Thefe were found in Anglefey, and by him taken to be the
Heads of Britifli Darts. Though I cannot believe that thefe
of ours were ever imp.oyed to that ufe, yet I am inclinable
to think they are Remains of the fame People. And if li-
berty of Conjecture may be allowed, perhaps they have
been Axes ufed in facrincing fome of tne fmaller Quadru-
peds by the ancient Britains, and might have been fixed to
a crooked Handle after the manner nere meanly defigned,
the Loop on the Side ferving to make the Inftrument more
firm by putting a Wire through it, and tying it to the Shaft j
but this I wholly fubmit to your Judgment.
As for Roman Antiquities, that are certainly fuch, there
have been great Quantities of their Coyn difcovered in this
Neighbourhood within the memory of Man ; but none of
very early Date. The firft I met with was difcovered at
Sowerby within the Parifh of Hallyfax, a little above the
Town, nigh the High-Way, and fome of them were given
me by Mr. John Hargraves of Hallyfax, one of Nerva, one
ofVefpafian, one of Trajan, and one of Hadrian,all of Silver,
and well prefervcd, but nothing material in their Reveries.
About twenty Years agoe were found feveral Hundreds of
Coyns of the following Emperors nigh Heaton within the
Parifti of Burftall, in a Field called Hedlefhaw. Being Pro-
prietor of the Place, great Quantities of them (all of mixt
Metal) came tamy Hands, viz.of Heliogabalus,SeverusA-
lexander,
found in York-fhire.
lexander, Gallienus, Gallus, Philippus, Decius, Gordianus
Pius, the Umrper Poftumus, and of feveral others which I
have not time to look out. Th^re were alfu not long fince
divers large Copper Medals icund at Hoveldge within tne
Townfhip of Hipperholme in a thick Glafs Veiiel. Thoie I
got were of Dioclefian, Alleitus and Caraufius, and dcubtlefs
there were divers others, the' they were difperfed before I
had intelligence of them. Some alfo of later Date I was
mown not long agoe found fallen from a Precipice of Stain-
land, but much defaced by time. Tho' we have many Bar-
rows within the Cumpace of ten Miles from this Place, yet I
dare not affirm any of them to be Roman, no Remains of
that Nation being found nigh them that have come to my
knowledge.
But then there is this to be faid againft it, that tho' I have
made great Inquiries, yet I cannot find that ever any Me-
dals, Urns, or any other Antiquities of that kind have been
difcovered at this Place. So that I began to queftion the
truth of Mr.Camden's Opinion, 'till of late meeting with the
Reverend Mr.Roberts Redtor of Linton in Craven, and in-
quiring whether he had met with any thing remarkable nigh
that Place, he told me he had obferved a paved Way of an
unufual Breadth betwixt Hainworth and Cullingworth in the
Parifh of Bingley, which doubtlefs muft have been a Roman
Way. It appears there bare , being above twelve Feet
broad, and neatly fet of fuch Stones as the Place afforded.
It's Statelinefs fliows it's Original, and you may trace it
where the Ground is pretty hard, a Ridge appearing higher
than the Surface of the Earth in fome Places being only co-
vered with Grafs, tho' I have been informed that it is often
met with at feveral Feet deep upon the Moors in digging for
Piets. It crofles the Height of Harding Moor, where it is
vifible in feveral Places, and points at a Place called the
Moor Houfe above Morton, and appears again, as I have been
told, upon Rumlefsmoore, and thence leads to Ilkley . Nigh
this Way upon the Moor before mentioned are two large
heaps of Stones called Skirts of Stones y one of them ftill of a
Conical Figure, but much the lefler. From the other have
been removed vaft Quantities of Stone imployed in walling
the Neighbouring Inclofures within the memory of Man.
The Remainders are now thrown abroad, and cover a con-
fiderable piece of Ground. If thefe had been heaps of Earth,
or fo much as covered with Earth, being fo nigh the Way.
*
144 -A Difcourfe concerning fame
I fhould have believed them to have been tumuli of the Ro-
mans. But being only heaps of Stones, I mall fufpend my
thoughts till I am informed that the Romans ever erected
fiich Monuments over their Dead. Ilkley now is a very
mean Place.and chiefly famous for a cold Weil which has done
very remarkable Cures in fcrophulous Cafes by bathing in,
and drinking of, it. The laft mows it to be a VitriolikeWa-
ter, tho' I have made no farther Tryal of it. The S,ones
Mr. Camden obferved in the Church- Yard are now broken
down, and much defaced, tho' fome Fragments of them ftill
remain in the adjoyning Walls, and upon one of them is
placed a Dyal, on the Weft Side of which is an human Fi-
gure (tho' much injured by time) with a Glory about hisHead,
which fliows thefe Monuments not to be of that Antiquity
Mr. Camden makes them, and not to claim a farther Date
than that of Chriftianity in Britain. Perhaps this might have
been the Tutelar Saint of :he Place. But I take them to be
of the fame kind, and ^redted upon the fame account with
thofe Dr. Plot has obferved erected in the like Places in
Staffordfhire. Upon the Tops of Harding Moor, not far
from the above mentioned Way, was fhown me by Benja-
min Ferrand Efq; another Skirt of Stones, much lefs than the
two former, and nigh it a Row of Stones placed in a Line
nigh 100. Paces in length ; but few of them appear above
two Feet above the Heath, and fome lye hid under it. That
thefe Stones were placed here by defign no Perfon that fees
them can doubt ; but for what End I cannot conjecture,
having never feen any thing of this kind before. There is no
Tradition of them, oefides being out of all Roads, they are
known to few. 'Tis probable the Way that leads to Ilkley
may be found upon the Moors leading from thence to Ifu-
rium, now Aldburrough, nigh which Place are to be feen
thofe noble Antiquities the Devil's Arrows^ which I have
feveral times beheld with much Admiration, and had lately
an opportunity of taking their exad Dimenfions, which I do
not remember Ihave any where obferved before. The
talleft of them is now ^^. Feet above Ground, and in cir-
cumference at the Bafis about 18. Feet. The fecond about
3. Feet lower, and nigh the Bafis pretty much of the fame
Bignefs. The third, which is much the largeft, tho' lower
than the fecond by 3. Feet, is above 14. Feet in circumfe-
rence at the Bafis. The Form of all thefe is alike from Top
to Bottom, being perfect Parallelograms. The Tops have
fuffered very much by Weather. How thefe came to be
called rude and unpolifhed Stones, I know not. But any
Perfon upon fight of them muft contefs the contrary. That
they
Antiquities found, in York-fliire.
they are artificial Stones muft alfo be acknowledged an Er-
ror, being of the fame fort of Gritt our Mill-Stones are ufual-
ly made of. And indeed of this fort of courfe Stone moft of
the Bafs Relievo's. Altars, and Roman Buildings now ex-
ftant are made. I mppofe the impoflibility of removing thefe
Stones from far was the occafion that they were looked up-
on to be artificial, and made upon the Place, there being no
Quarries of Stone of this kind within ten Miles of the Place
where they are ereded. One of them now ftands in a Gar-
den, and when I took the Dimenfions the Gardener told me
he had dug to the Bottom of it, and faid it was feven Feet
within Ground, not ftanding upon any Pedeftal, but had a
round Bottom. The Ground being then loofe, at my requeft,
he dug three or four Feet deep, where the Stone appeared
wrought by Art, the Impreflion of the Tool being ftill to be
feen. So that I am fatisfied that the Inequalities that appear
upon thefe Monuments are purely the Effe&s of Time. I
could not hear of any Medals, or any other Remains found
nigh them that might give us a clear Infight to what Nation
they belonged ; but being within a Mile of Ifurium (an un-
doubted Roman Colony) and alfo nigh the Watling-Street,
we may reafonably imagin them to be Remains of the
fame People. Againft this there lyes one material Objection,
(viz,.) If thefe be Trophies of the Romans, fet up in memory of
Jome remarkable Victory over the Britains^ vhy foould they not
have endeavoured to perpetuate it by fame inscription^ which
which we cannot allow the Britains to be 'till they became
Scholars to the Romans. And of lower Date no Antiquary
will allow them to be. In Heaton Fields, nigh the Hedle-
fhaw where the Roman Coyns before mentioned were found,
is a high piece of Ground called Stunjleads, where have been
ploughed up feveral Coyns ( one of Septim : Severus, and
one of Pertinax, both of Silver, I have now by me) and alfo
Foundations of Buildings. I have fometime thought this was
Cambodunum, but that the diftance from Calcaria to Cam-
bodunum (which Mr. Camden makes to be Almondbury)
affigned by Antoninus feems more agreeable. But fmce I
have mentioned Almondbury, I will endeavour to give you
a better Idea of the Place than has hitherto been done.
In the Town I never met with any thing remarkable.
Neither upon Inquiry have I heard of any Altars, Urns,
or any kind of vaja, or Medals, that have been found nigh
it, which might farther confirm Mr. Camden's Opinion.
Vol. i. T Caftlc
A Difcourfe concerning fome
Caftle Hill ftands at a good diftance from the Town, and I
believe was the chief motive to fix this Station here. The
Top of the Hill, which feems to contain five, or fix, Acres of
Ground is furrounded with a large Bank of Earth, which re-
mains pretty intire to this Day. The Area, which is of an
oblong Figure, inclines to the Eaft, where it was only ac-
ceffible. This Area is fubdivided into three by two deep
Ditches, that upon any Attack the befieged might retreat
from the firft Area to the fecond,which is higher, and fecured
by a Ditch, and fo, upon Cafe of Neceflity,to the third which
commands both the other, upon.which a Beacon now ftands.
Mr. Camden mentions the Foundation of a Caftle in this
Place ; but I am certain if ever there was one, it muft have
been before the Hill was fecured by this Bank of Earth,
which, as I have faid before, incompafles the whole Hill,
and feems to be it's chief Barrier. There is now in an Inclo-
fure nigh Kirkleys (within four Miles of Almondbury) the
Seat of Sir John Armytage Baronet, a Camp of a fquare
Form containing two, or three Acres of Ground, fecured by
a Bank of Earth and a Ditch, which has given Name to the
Ground, being called Caftle Field^ tho' there was never any
Building in it. Nigh Cullingworth before mentioned there
is a Camp of a circular Form called now Cajlle-ftead^ tho 1
I am fatisfyed there was never any Building there. There is
one of this kind upon Thorton Height, and another upon
Wike More of the fame Form. From whence it appears
that thefe Places of Defence were called Caftles, tho' never
any Building there erected. I am induced to believe that
Caftle Hill was a Fortification of the fame kind, and no-
thing more.
The Cuftom of calling Perfons only by their Chriftian
Names, and the Place of Abode of either Father or Grand-
Father without naming any Sir-Names is much in ufe in the
Parifh of Hallyfax (a Place of great Extent) efpecially nigh
Heptonftall, as v.g. Richard of Chriftophers, of the Green-
wood, Richard of Williams, of Roberts, of the Hcohale.
So that a Perfon may dwell amongft them for fome Years,
and not know their Sir-Names. 1 This feems to me to be
introduced by the Saxons.
This is the Subftance of what I have met with amongft
fome neglected Papers, and alfo what at prefent occurrs to
my memory. If I meet with any thing farther worth your
Notice it fhall be communicated to you by
Your Servant,
Ric, RICHARDSON.
ERRATA.
Pag. ??. 1. 1. Not. after Arches, r. St. pag. 74. 1. 1. Not.
after over, r. St. pag. 89. l.a. Nor. after Ripon, r. /. pag.
90. 1. 1. Not. after row, r. St. pag. 91. 1. 1 . Not. after hille,
r. St. ibid, after othar, r. St. pag. 94. 1.x. No?, after 10 for
a, r. St. ibid, after orientem, r. St.
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