UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO 3 1822 00778 4739 v= :':'7 1 ' i:^^ .("■'" -Q califo ^^iOJlTVo^^ '■iJiiiGO* .OO-^FfTyv.. .O^ -MV.RiJJTv. "'''^^>CAL1F0^^ I UNIVEHSIIY OF CAIIFOHNIA. SAN DIEGO II Hill II mil Hi 111 III 3 1822 00778 4739 MIX What Hampton Graduates Are Doingj A>^7 In Land'buying In Home-making In Business In Teaching In Agriculture In Establishing Schools In the Trades In Church and Missionary Work In the Professions 1868-1904 HAMPTON INSTITUTE PRESS HAMPTON, VA. Foreword HK IIAMI'TON SCHOOL has hecii accustomed tor a number of years to present at the public ^& mcctiiitjs licld in its interest one or more of its former Nctjro anci Indian students, who have told the audiences to which they have spoken the simple sto- ries of what they have done. These young men and women have been chosen because they have had interesting stories to tell and have told them fairly well. In this booklet we present word-pictures and photographs of the work done for their people by certain of our boys and girls, who have been chosen, not because they are unusual ex- amples but because they are representative, and also because they have been able to send us photographs of their homes, schools, or places of business. It is often asked in regard to Hampton's work ; Does it pay? What results can the school show? To these questions this little book is intended to be a partial answer. Hampton has endeavored to train leaders for two races — leaders in agri- culture, in industrial education, in business, in home build- ing, in improving church and home life, in public-school work, in foreign missions, in professional life. That we have met with a measure of success in this endeavor we believe the following pages will show. Mr. Washington, Hampton's most distinguished graduate, who has had more than fifty graduates of this institution as well as representatives of other schools in his corps of instructors, when asked as to the dif- ference between teachers trained at Hampton and elsewhere, said that the graduates of other institutions often excelled in the work of the classroom but that when he wanted to start a new enterprise he looked for a Hampton man or woman. What Hampton Graduates Are Doing Towards Encouraging The Buying of Land and Homes HOMES OF NEGRO GRADUATES IM HAMPTON, VA . What Hampton Graduates Are Doing The Tuskegee Conference ife^ gjjERHAPS no other Hampton graduate has done St' more towards encouraging his people to buy land ^; ^-i 'I'^d homes than Booker T. Washington, LL. D., ^Tij of the Class of 1875, the well-known principal of Tuskegee Institute in Alabama, the first and largest outgrowth of Hampton. The Tuskegee Farmers' Conference had its origin in 1892 through the efforts of Mr. Washington to improve the condition of the Negroes in the neighborhood of his school. It has grown since that time until it is attended each year by hundreds of representative farmers, teachers, and other workers, and has extended its influence to every Southern State, as is shown by the numerous branch conferences that have been organized in various localities. As Mr. Washington says, the aim of this Conference is "not so much to gather scientific information as to encourage and inspire the people to better living". The vital questions of land, homes, and schools are kept con- stantly at the front. The people of this section, the Black Belt cotton district, lived, as a rule, in one-room cabins on rented land. They mortgaged their crops and were constantly in debt for food and clothing. Through the influence of the Confer- ence these conditions were gradually changed, until in 1903, 134 persons reported themselves as owning homes valued at $99,615, and 118 of these owned other land and houses amount- ing to $147,283. Of the whole number of pieces of property owned, only eleven were mortgaged. The latest reports from the field (1904) show "a growing movement among the Negroes of the Black Belt toward land buying in small holdings, the erection of better schoolhouses, homes, and churches, and the lengthening of school terms through community effort. There has also been steady improve- ment in the relations between the races and a decided gain in the hope, self-respect, and aspiration that have come to the many thousands who have been touched by the Conference." I'OUNDEK OF THE TUSKHGEi; lAK.MEUs' CONFERENCE TUSKEGEE CONFERENCE TYPES What Hampton Graduates Are Doing The Calhoun Land Company ^'X m-:- t4 T CALHOUN, ALABAMA, there was started in i'^A^r/-<%vf i ^he oldest organized effort by Hampton gradu- \[f^- ',y,-'^^ '■'■'■ '\' stes to encourage land and home buying among 'i!^i5'^-^^ij Negroes is the People's Building and Loan As- sociation of Hampton. Its president is Rev. Richard Spiller, D. D., pastor of the First Colored Baptist Church, but its secretary, attorney, and five members of its board of direc- tors are men trained at Hampton. Harris Barrett, Class of 1885, has been largely instrumental as secretary in earning for tlie association its reputation as one of the safest financial in- stitutions in Hampton. No other organization in the com- munity has done more to stimulate home building and estab- lish habits of thrift among people of small means. Since its charter was granted in 1889, when it began busi- ness with twelve stockholders and eighteen shares of stock, there has been no violation of trust and every obligation has been promptly met. Now (1904) it has 636 stockholders own- ing 2,212 shares, and a paid-in stock of $105,000, of which the Negroes alone own $75,000. Its business is confined to loan- ing money to stockholders, all loans being secured by first mortgages on real estate or by a lien on the stock. Holding back a reserve fund of $6,000, it has loaned over $200,000 to Negroes of the vicinity and has assisted them in acquiring more than 350 homes. The testimony of a well-known pro- fessional auditor of New York City, who examined its ac- counts, was that he had seen no better evidence of sound and wise management in any similar association anywhere. A large number of the school's graduates and ex-students liave, through the aid of this association, bought land and built upon it houses of from six to twelve rooms, that are most attractive in appearance. It is a rule established by their own custom and seldom broken, that no Hampton man shall marry until he owns a house and lot. HARRIS liARRETT HOME OF WILLIA.M GII;s(jN, AN LX-.^iLDUN 1 Built 7oith the aid of the PecJ>le''s Building and Loan Association What Hampton Graduates Are Doing The Mt. Hermon Settlement V)\ /jlORKING along somewhat different lines from tlie People's Biiilding and Loan Association of Hampton, but accomplistiing similar results, i| is the land company which has developed the Negro settlement of Mt. Hermon, near Portsmouth. The moving spirit in its formation was Rev. Holland Powell, for- merly a member of the Pastor's Class at Hampton, who was its president. Its attorney was Thomas C Walker, Class of 1883, a prominent lawyer of Gloucester County, whose efforts to interest his people in buying homes are equaled only by his energy in the causes of education and temperance. The Company bought between two and three hundred building lots, executing notes for a large per cent, of the pur- chase price, secured them by a deed of trust on the land, and built upon them a number of substantial houses which it sold to members subject to the deed of trust. In 1895, Robert B. Crocker, Class of 1890, came to the settlement and was made secretary. Two years later the Company, having ceased to have much vitality, was bought out and its obligations assum- ed by its president and secretary, who were sincerely inter- ested in the success of the enterprise and willing to make sac- rifices for it. Mr. Powell having been called to a church in Richmond, the management fell to Mr. Crocker, who has con- ducted the affairs of the community with much tact and busi- ness ability. He has been ably assisted by William M. Reid, Class of 1877, who succeeded Mr. Walker as attorney. When the settlement began in 1892, $500 would have bought all the property owned by Negroes in that section. Now (1904) they own over 125 buildings costing from $350 to $2,500 each. Upwards of three hiindred people live there and the morals and general order are as good as in any community in the South. There is no saloon in the place and there has never been an arrest. '4 ROBERT CROCKER AND HIS HOME W 11 I.IAM M. REII) What Hampton Graduates Are Doing An Indian Landholder ||0 other Hampton graduate, and perhaps no other Indian, has had more to do with the surveying and allotting of Indian lands than Thomas Wild- ^ :*-o\Jj,j cat Alford, an Absentee Shawnee of Shawnee, Oklahoma. Beginning his career after graduating from Hamp- ton in 1882 as a government teacher, Mr. Alford has acted suc- cessively as interpreter, surveyor, allotting agent, real estate agent, and farmer, gradually becoming the most influential In- dian ainong the Shawnees. Acting first as axeman in the surveyor's corps, he soon rose to the position of compassman at four dollars a day. He acted as allotment surveyor for the Shawnees, Kickapoos, and Saux and Foxes, being also county surveyor for one year. In 1894 he was appointed Chairman of the Absentee Shawnee Committee which has charge of all negotiations concerning Indian lands. He is also secretary of the General Council ap- pointed to decide questions of importance to the Shawnee na- tion, and has several times visited Washington on business for his people. Although Mr. Alford is at present acting as assistant clerk at the Shawnee agency he manages to cultivate a model farm, where he raises his own vegetables, fruits, and meats. His neat frame house, and his log kitchen, stable, and sheds were built with his own hands. He has sent three sons to Hamp- ton one of whom was graduated in 1903. The two others are still in school. l6 AN AliSl'N TKK-SliA\V.\KE D E L liC A 1' l( )N K) WASHINGTON riir ,-,■ 1,1 ,„l Ihjiire Is riiuiiiii.i irihlr.il Ali',r,l HOME OF THOMAS \V I LDCAT ALFO RD What Hampton Graduates Are Doing A Progressive Pima - A' ^' N 1881 there appeared at Hampton a most unusual student — a bronze-faced man of thirty with his ^^\" little son and nephew and three other children. 1^ He knew but little English, the others none at all. This man was Antonito Azul, son of the chief of the Pima Indians, who, desiring to improve the condition of his people, had come East with the leading young people of his tribe in order to learn how to d it. He himself entered both school and shop as a pupil, working earnestly for a year and a half, not only in the departments of the school but in the community. He then returned home, taking with him speci- mens of work to interest his people, and plans by which he hoped to bring about many improvements. One of his first public acts was to stamp the seal of his disapproval upon polygamy, by honorably divorcing one of his two wives and settling her comfortably in her own home. To replace the rude hut of his earlier days he built himself an adobe house, and began improvements on his land, setting his neighbors an exami le of industry, thrift, and enterprise. The following ds show the estimation in which Antonito was held by the veteran army officer. Gen. O. O. Howard: — "In bearing, in a steady purpose to do right from which he was seldom known to deviate, in courage and straightfor- wardness amid the most unfavorable circumstances, in sup- pressing his natural sentiments of hatred and revenge, and in striving to understand the new conditions of his tribe among our increasing white people, Antonito Azul has been a worthy disciple of Montezuma. His conduct was as good as that of Peter the Great, for he also took a long journey and studied as an apprentice that he might return and lead his people into higher reaches of knowledge." ANTOMTO AZUL, HIS 1 ATIIER, AM) HIS SUN Bl iii Hu,i> AUube HuHst THE EVOLUTION OF ANTONITO'S HOUSE What Hampton Graduates Are Doing *'- , : Toward'^ 'n^ ving '^ Negroes and Indians A COOKING CLASS AT CALHOUN Titiuilit h'j Annie C }■„ irjt:rcl, „ ll,ini,>lin, Kj-stnilent What Hampton Graduates Are Doing A Social -Settlement Worker ^^^^IT^INCE Mrs. Harris Barrett, Class of 1884, began I '01 VS'^^^t;" k * "^^ \^^-i^.' housekeeping fourteen years ago in the town of 7'" :^v. ' y ; Hampton, she has had one definite aim — the \i%^S-:^-,^^^'{\ uplifting of the women and girls of her race and the helping of them to become home makers. She com- menced with a girls' sewing class in which articles were made and sold to help defray the expenses of an annual picnic known as "Baby Day." The girls of the club were frequently invited to Mrs. Barrett's house, but no change was made in the daily routine when they were present; they saw the everyday home life of a refined man and woman anxious to "pass on" the knowledge and culture and kindness they had themselves received. An improvement soon became apparent in neighbors' houses, gardens, and fences. Two years ago a small clubhouse was built which made possible more neighborhood work. Lessons are now given in cooking, sewing, basketry, gardening, and singing. Several young colored teachers, also Hampton grad- uates, volunteer their services and faithfully teach these class- es and a kindergarten, after school hours. On Sunday after- noons the club members meet in one of the churches for a song service; and recently a woman's club has been formed for the discussion of current events. An emergency outfit for the sick poor has been prepared and is loaned when needed. In all these ways the club is touching the life of the community and becoming a real social settlement. As a close observer of this work says, "While it is all far reaching and valuable, the personal influence of both Mr. and Mrs. Barrett counts for much more. The latter is always present, guiding, teaching, and keeping a careful watch over all. With so defi- nite an aim, so vtnselfish a devotion, the personality of these lives cannot fail to give light, happiness, and peace to many in the community. " THE NEKlHnOKlinOT) HOUSE Ki I ciii;n in the n ekui iiorihidd House GARDENING CLASS AT THE N EIGH E(1R HOOD HOUSE What Hampton Graduates Are Doing Home Missionaries HEN Hampton graduates establish liomes of their own these usually become at once centers of '.I'll lisiht and comfort for the neighboring commu- nity. Through their instrumentality thousands of mothers and children have learned to strive for higher ideals in work and condiict and have become better homemak- ers and kinder neighbors. One of the pioneers in such work was Mrs. George Davis, an ex-student and wife of a gradiiate of 1874, who organized a girls' club in Hampton in 1896 whose membership increased in two years to ninety-one. A mothers' club was then start- ed which has reached in all over one thousand mothers. Sew- ing and cooking were taught and Sunshine Bands were formed for children. An interesting result of this latest work was the establishment of a Sunshine Library. A room was rented by the mothers, and though the first one measured only nine feet by seven by seven and a half, its influence was not pro- portioned to its cubic contents. It was light and airy, hav- ing two doors and two windows. It boasted "several hundred books, three clean lamps, a shining little heater, and four chairs." These are now housed in larger quarters adjoining the mothers' cooking-class room, and is still accomplishing its mission of keeping boys and girls off the streets and inter- ested in good literature. Another earnest neighborhood worker is Mrs. Laura Titus, Class of '76, who, after fifteen years of service in the public schools and in the homes of her pupils, settled in Norfolk as the wife of another Hampton graduate. She continued her work for her people, forming a League for the moral improvement of the women and an Old Folks Home for the destitute and decrepit. Mrs. Titus is now a strong and valued helper in the work of the Southern Industrial Classes in Norfolk and vicinity. 24 A mothers' club in NORFOLK, VIRGINIA Ooii.l ,:rUtl hil .!//■.«. I. u it vii Titus I HE SUNSHINE LI BR A RV, HAMPTON, VIRGINIA Supporti'il by t h f yromeii of Mrs. Ceortje Drti'is's ri nh What Hampton Graduates Are Doing Servants to the Lowly Af^^iLONG lines similar to those just described are working scores of other women trained at Hampton to think no service too lowly for them to render. Of this number is Mrs. Sarah Collins Fernandis, Class of '82, who, after many years of missionary work in the far South, married and took up her residence in the slums of Washington, where, under the auspices of the As- sociated Charities, she is doing social settlement work in her own house for the most neglected colored people of the city. The activities of the settlement, carried on with the help of twenty-five volunteer workers, include a day nursery, a kin- dergarten, and clubs for boys, mothers, and young men. An important feature is the stamp saving system which incul- cates in the young, habits of thrift and economy. Mrs. Fer- nandis also has charge of the children's playgrounds in the vicinity. The Washington Post refers to this work in the fol- lowing words: "Mrs. Fernandis has the knack of putting the humblest at perfect ease in her presence. The whole neigh- borhood, under her tactful handling, has been brought into full sympathy and cheerful co-operation with the settlement." Another worker among the lowly is Mrs. Amelia Perry Pride, Class of '76, who, seeing the neglected condition of the old colored women of Lynchburg, asked the co-operation of a few other women in comfortable circumstances and started, in the winter of '97, an Old Folk's Home. As many as one hun- dred women finally became interested in the project and com- mittees were fornisd to provide fuel, food, clothing, and rent, for the inmates of the Home. Through the assistance of North- ern friends a building was finally purchased and named the Dorchester Home. Here destitute old women were taken and tenderly cared for as long as they lived. The Home is now in other hands, and Mrs. Pride is in charge of an indus- trial school in the same city. 26 '•^ DAY NUKSERV (TF THE NKHKO SETT LFM KNT, WASHINGTON, D. C. Mix. Stir.di C„n i „ x Fr r „ ,, „ ,1 i .•^. J! ,' .1 i .1 r n I ll'.-zti-;- OLD folk's home. LYNCHBURG, \IKGl.\iA Esliibl isheil hij .1//-S-, Ji.irlhi /V,-,;, r r I ■! - What Hampton Graduates Are Doing An Indian Field Matron NNA Dawson, a successful field matron among the Indians, came to Hampton when a little girl, was graduated at seventeen and taught at Hampton for over a year. In 1886 she entered the Normal School at Framinghain, Mass, finished her course there in four years, and went out among the Sioux. She taught at the Santee Normal School for three years and then, feeling that her people needed domestic training more than literary culture, she went to Boston and took a course in domestic science. This accomplished, she returned to her own people, the Arickaras, under the Government appointment of field matron, and has ever since been working among the older members of the tribe, caring for the sick, teaching the women to improve their homes, and setting an example of strong and beautiful womanliness that has attracted and held the admi- ration of the people to such an extent that they have been inspired to follow her lead in many ways. Her simple little house, one that any enterprising man can copy, has man' 'uf'icates scattered over the reservation, and her housekec jo simple that the average industri- ous man or woman need not despair of having a home just as good. Thisexampleof everyday "plain living and high think- ing" has done quite as much for the young people of the tribe as for the older ones, and through her influence a large num- ber of boys and girls have come East to Carlisle and Hampton' while others have gone to schools nearer home. In 1902 she married Byron Wilde, who has been a student at Carlisle and at the Fargo Agricultural School. She continues her work as field matron, but has been transferred from the Arickaras to the Gros Ventres, among whom she is much needed. 28 MRS. ANNA DAWSdN WII.UE INTERIOR OF A IIELU MATRdN's HOME What Hampton Graduates Are Doing Towards Creating Good Business Habits 30 TANMlLL l;lil)TllEKb' DRUG STORE, STAUiNTuN, VIRGINIA What Hampton Graduates Are Doing The Hampton Supply Company ,^ HE value of Hampton's training in business habits ^, / may be inferred from the fact that the head tM\'^l tt',>r> bookkeeper and assistant bookkeeper in the [[i_j ^?Y_A' J^*^ school Treasurer's Office are graduates trained in the office. F. D. Banks, Class of '76, and Harris Barrett, Class of '85, have held these positions for twenty-seven and nineteen years respectively. They have the entire confidence of the school's officers and trustees and of other business men with whom they come in contact. In addition to his work in the Treasurer's Office of the Institute, Mr. Banks acts as treasurer and business manager of the Hampton Supply Company, in the town of Hampton. This corporation began business in 1896 with a paid-up capital of §3,500. During its first year its sales aggregated $9,000 ; in 1904 they were $20,000. Each year has shown a steady increase both in extent and in volume of business done until it is now the second largest enterprise of its kind in the town. The Com- pany handles anthracite coal, wood, hay, grain, stock, feed, and mill stuff, in both the wholesale and the retail trade. It has always given satisfactory service and has had increasing patronage from both races. Six men are employed in the yards and two in the office. Four Hampton Institute men besides Mr. Banks serve as officers and directors of the Com- pany. 32 I'KANK I). HANKS ^J9 M.^ H lis iia ^A.T.. ,^ '^f^^W THE HAMPTON SUPPLY CrOMl'ANV S YARDS What Hampton Graduates Are Doing A Navaho Trader ^JN excellent example of what Hampton graduates ?ii!'4<', are doing towards crenting good business habits among Indians may be found in John G. Walk- er, of the Navaho tribe, who returned to his people after completing his training in 1901, and is still carry- ing on among them a business which encourages the Navahos to be thrifty, honest, and businesslike in their habits. Having completed the carpenter's trade and his academic course at Hampton, he took the business course of one year and was employed afterwards for two years in the school Treas- urer's Office. As his people, the Navahos, living on a large barren reservation in Arizona, are dependent for self-support upon their large flocks of sheep whose wool they make into the famous Navaho blankets or exchange for groceries and other goods, Mr. Walker conceived the idea of helping them by es- tablishing a trader's store where the Indians could feel assured that they would "receive the full value of their goods and be treated like men and women." Not having sufficient capital to go into business for himself, he sought the position of clerk with the better class of traders, remaining for various lengths of time at Gallup, New Mexico, and at St. Michael's and Tolchaco, Arizona, at which latter place he is still engaged in encourgaging the Navahos to make the old-style blankets. He refuses to keep Germantown wool or to buy the blankets made from it. At the same time he gives exceptionally good prices for blankets made from pure native wool colored with vegetable dyes. Such a system persisted in by one of their own people can hardly fail to strengthen the Navahos in thrift and business integrity. 34 =f joiiM <;. walker's sruKK at TALCHACO, akizona A "navaho freighter " What Hampton Graduates Are Doing An Indian Man of Affairs HERE appeared several years ago in a special edi- tion of the Pender Times, Pender, Nebraska, an account of a Hampton graduate who was at that time mayor of the little Western city. "Thoinas L. Sloan," says this account, "is a member of the Omaha tribe of Indians. Graduated at Hampton in 1889, he studied law in a private offif e and is to-day recognized as one of Pender's leading lawyers. For four years he was clerk at the Winnebago agency. He was twice elected county surveyor and twice appointed federal court commissioner. He has served several years on the town's board of trustees, and is now its chairman. In 1900 he built a flouring mill with a capacity of seventy-five barrels a day, which has been of great benefit to the community and is still being successfully operated." The Times speaks of Mr. Sloan as "one of Pender's best re- spected and most substantial citizens." Mr. Sloan, when at Hampton, held several positions of re- sponsibility, being captain of the Indian Company and presi- dent of the Indian boys' "Council." He was valedictorian of his class and refused to be "sent through" the Yale Law School because he felt that a law education gained by his own efforts would make him a stronger man. After some years' experi- ence as a successful lawyer in the West, he was admitted to practice before the United States Supreme Court, in January, 1904, and argued a case before that body in behalf of members of his tribe. Although only one-eighth Indian he has always identified himeslf with the Indians and has devoted his le- gal and business ability to their interests. 36 THOMAS I . SLOAX THOMAS L. SH)An'S STUDY What Hampton Graduates Are Doing Hampton Men in Business ROM the large number of Hampton graduates who- are in business for themselves, it is difficult to select illustrations. Perhaps one of the most [|i y^^^-i^'-c,-.'^'>- striking is R. R. Palmer, who was born a slave and obtained an education only with the greatest difficulty. After studying the wheelwright's trade at Hampton he opened a shop in the town, where he makes and i-epairs all kinds of vehicles and does general blacksmithing and wheelwrigliting. He has accumulated considerable property, some of which is invested in one of the most creditable store buildings in the town of Hampton. It was built in 1899 at a cost of $4,000. A successful tailoring business has been carried on for six years by Charles S. Carter of Norfolk, Virginia. He employs twelve journeymen, both whites and Negroes, and is patron- ized by both races. His business amounts to between $6,000 and $8,000 yearly and his work is of excsUent quality. His aim, as he himself puts it, is so to live as "to show men that they can be clean, honest, and God-fearing, and can succeed in business." In 1902 he was made vestryman of the Colored Episcopal Church of Norfolk. William Burgess, a full-blood Otoe, studied the carpenter's trade at Hampton, returning in 1893 to Oklahoma, where he has since worked at his trade. When last heard from he was about to build a new house in place of his three-room house, which had been blown down by a cyclone. He is a remarkably industrious man, especially when it is considered that each member of his tribe receives an annuity of $90 and an allot- ment which can be rented at a fair rate. Some time ago twen- ty-five three-room houses were put up by contract. William Burgess worked on these with white carpenters, earning trom two to two and a half dollars a day, and doing the more dif- ficult work on the windows and doors. 33 R. R. I'AI.MHR S STURl'; AM) \V II EELW R I C H 1' Sllol' HARLES CARTKR IN HIS TAILOR SHOP What Hamptcn Graduates Are Doing Hampton Bookkeepers IwiNG to tlie excellent training given in tlie Treasurer's Office at Hampton Institute by Gen- eral Marshall, its first Treasurer, and his suc- '-Ai cessors, many graduates have been enabled to hold positions of great trust and responsibility. Prominent among these are Warren Logan, of the Class of 1877, who has held the position of Treasurer of Tuskegee Institute since 1883. He has also acted as secretary and treasurer of a successful building and loan association which was started in the town of Tuskegee in 1895. He owns a large amount of land and manages successfully a farm of his own. Associated with him is Charles H. Gibson, who, after his graduation in 1891, served most efficiently as bookkeeper for five years in the Treasurer's Office at Hampton and then ac- cepted the position of head bookkeeper at Tuskegee, where he also acts as Assistant Auditor of Accounts. Both he and Mr. Logan teach in the school and make themselves felt in various ways in the neighboring community, not only in business matters but in everything that affects the welfare of the peo- ple. Several other Hampton men are assistant bookkeepers at Tuskegee, and five, besides Mr. Banks and Mr. Barrett al- ready mentioned, hold similar positiotis at Hampton. Other bookkeepers are Edward DesVerney, of the Class of 1887, who is employed in the office of C. A. Shearson, a cotton broker of Savannah, where he has a salary of $1,200 a year, and Edward Ellis, Jr, an ex-student, who is supervising accountant of the True 'Reformers' Insurance and Banking As- sociation of Richmond. 40 ll.\KI,i:S CIHSOX, IN Ills Ol'l-K K AT TUSKF.CIF.F. WARREN A. LOGAN What Hampton Graduates Are Doing Towards Developing The Public School System COLORED GRADED SCHOOL AT NEWPORT NEWS, VIRGINIA What Hampton Graduates Are Doing An Apostle of Manual Training jN the early days of Hampton Institute, ninety per cent of its graduates became teachers in the pub- lic schools. Although this percentage has de- creased since the establishment of the Trade School, Hampton teachers are still in demand by superintend- ents, not so much perhaps on account of their scholarship as because of their general good character and the missionary spir- it which leads them to exert a wide and helpful influence in the communities to which they go, and also because they inva- riably try to promote friendly relations between the races. In most of the cities of Virginia, Hampton graduates may b2 found acting as principals of graded schools. This is also true in several Western cities. One of these, who was the first man to introduce manual training into the schools of Kan- sas City, is Richard T. Coles, a graduate of the Class of 1878. The first shop built was attached to the Garrison School of w^hich he is principal and where he now has two Hampton men as assistants. A. A. Starnes, Class of 1898, who assisted Mr. Coles for some years, is now in charge of industries at Lincoln Institute, Jefferson City, Mo. Manual training has grown in favor in Kansas City until not only the colored schools are supplied with shops, but also the white schools — a large manual training high school of fifty rooms having re- cently been built for white pupils. Mr. Coles organized the Garrison School in an old Baptist church with an enrollment of 30 in 1886. It was soon neces- sary to liuild, and the first four-room building has been en- larged to one of twelve rooms with a manual training annex, the present attendance being 500. Mr. Coles has twice been elected president of the Missouri State Teachers' Association, and has taken part in every movement for the betterment of his race in Kansas City. He attributes his success to what he calls " the conmon-sense education " he received at Hampton. 44 RirilAKD T. COLES MANUAL TRIANING AT THE GARRISON SCHOOL What Hampton Graduates Are Doing Principals of Graded Schools ^^ ROMINENT among tlie successful principals of % Virginia graded schools is John Riley Dungee, ,^ \tef4- Class of 1884, who began his career as a lawyer, i^5^_ but after two years' experience was convinced of three things : first, that he and his profession were not adapted to each other; second, that the legal profession is not yet a generally profitabls one for men of his race ; and third, that it is not as a lawyer that a colored man can do the most good. He thereupon began teaching again, although up to this time he had felt that to exchange the law for teaching school was to compromise his dignity. He afterwards came to believe that the profession of teaching was equal in dignity to any other and superior to most in its opportunities for use- fulness. Beginning with a private night school, Mr. Dungee was soon offered a position in the public schools of Roanoke, and was later made principal of the colored graded school in that city where he has remained nearly ten years. When he began his work the colored people were hostile to indus- trial education and but few of them had sent their children to Hampton or other schools. As a result of Mr. Dungee's work, there were at one time twenty-five Roanoke young peo- ple at Hampton alone, and all the pupils who finished his course went to some higher school to complete their education Besides being principal of the school, he is elder, clerk, and chorister in his church, as well as superintendent and teacher in his Sunday school, and has become one of Roanoke's most useful and influential citizens. Among other principals of graded schools are Nannie B. Grooms, '77, Baltimore, Md ; and in "Virginia, Oliver J. Derritt, '83, Staunton ; James S. Lee, '88, Newport News ; William F. Grasty, '79, Danville ; Israel C. Nor;um, cx-student, Ports- mouth ; Benjamin E. Tonsler, '71, Charlottesville ; and William H. Johnson, '78, Petersburg. 46 >ll \ I;. DL'NGEE ROANOKE STUDENTS AT HAMPTON What Hampton Graduates Are Doing A Many-sided Hampton Teacher M^/vs^^jS a rule the Hampton country teacher buys land, l^if!w?S3f»^ builds a home, and cultivates a farm, or works at 'v, .'53 -).. '■(; a trade in order to supplement his small salary S^-^,.>-^J-^ i and enable him to remain in the country. In ad- dition he often acts, both in the West and in the South, as gen- eral counselor, lawyer, doctor, or minister for the neighborhood, works in the various temperance and other clubs, and encour- ages the people to buy land and establish and maintain good homes. Of late years, more particularly since the Hampton. Summer School has given to teachers courses in gardening, up- holstery, sewing, and cooking, he has in many cases introduced industrial courses into his school. The work of George D. Wharton, Class of 1880, affords an illustration of the various ways in which a Hampton graduate affects the life of his community. Mr. Wharton is a teacher^ a preacher, a lawyer, a merchant, and a home builder. As a teacher he has reached in twenty-three years at Averett, South- side, Virginia, about one thousand children, many of whom are now heads of families or are teaching in various parts of the South. As a preacher, Mr. Wharton has been instrumental in rais- ing the standard of morality, in coirecting false ideas of reli- gious worship, in organizing a church, and in building a new house of worship. He also preaches in two other parishes and attends all the religious gatherings of his people in Southside, addressing them on industrial education, temperance, and morality. He ministers to his people, also, in material matters, encouraging them to buy land and build houses. He himself sets an example by being the owner of a well-tilled farm of 125 acres, and of a store of general merchandise. Mr. Wharton holds several positions of responsibility, one of them being the presidency of the board of trustees of the Keysville Indus- trial Mission School, which is largely supported by the color- ed people of Southside. 28 A I IIOKINI; CLASS IN A DISTRICT SCHOOL T'l iiilhl hil lltlfll I'oole CHAIR CANING CLASS AT HUN TE R SVILLE, VIRGINIA Tdifjht hij Klizaheth 11 a i a e ,j What Hampton Graduates Are Doing Industrial Training m Public Schools I^HE influence of Hampton graduates in introdu- cing industrial features into the common schools has been marked. Through the Southern and Huntington Industrial Classes, started as phil- anthropic enterprises, but now recognized as part of the pub- lic school systems of Norfolk, Newport News, and neighbor- ring towns, sewing, cooking, gardening, chair caning, and bench work have been taught in nearly all of the colored schools of this section of Virginia. Most of the teachers employed by these Classes have been trained at Hampton. Other graduates have started industrial classes in various parts of the South and West. The work of Judia Jackson, a graduate of Atlanta, who attended one session of Hampton's summer school, is worthy of mention. Wishing to serve her race, she left a lucrative position in the schools of Athens, Georgia, to devote her- self to the people of a neglected rural community near that city, where, with the help of the General Education Board and of the local authorities, she started a model school and is influencing the community for good in many ways. During the first year, Miss Jackson enrolled 225 pupils, who were taught, besides the ordinary English branches, drawing, sewing, dressmaking, chair caning, upholstering, and corn- shuck mat making. Gardening has since been added. Miss Jackson also conducts a month's institute for the teachers of two counties. Since the beginning of this work three other graded schools for colored children have been made possible in the county by the consolidation of small district schools. Besides carrying on this model school. Miss Jackson has or- ganized a Mutual Improvement Society, through which poor farmers, formerly renters, have bought land of their own. 50 *3 :^:i:; SEWING CLASS AT PF.ABODV A( AUEMV, TROV, N.C. ■/■,( II nil I h !l Mil I Kii' II. i: i-,:r II lytilaijr^f ,!i_,ij'Vi'.f^ )M.MLNrrv SCHOOL AT HELICC)N SPRINC;s, CiA. T.l liijll I li (I J ml in r. .I.irkyoii What Hampton Graduates Are Doing School Gardening HE garden at the Whittier practice school of Hampton Institute illustrates what is being done on a smaller scale in an increasing number of public schools. The gardening at the Whittier School IS taught by the grade teachers, most of whom are Hampton graduates, under the supervision of John B. Pierce, a graduate of Hampton's Agricultural Department. The gar- den embraces about two acres and is divided into two hun- dred plots, each planted and cultivated by two children. At its entrance is a T-shaped lawn, extending across the front and about two-thirds the distance down the center of the land allotted to beds. These vary in size from 4x6 feet for the small kindergartners to 11x15 feet for the seventh-grade boys and girls. Between the beds is a one-foot path, and on either side of each section is a walk two feet wide. There are borders of ornamental flowers along the sides and rear of the garden. The ground is prepared for planting both in the fall and in the spring. The fall crops are spinach, radishes, kale, and onions, and those of spring are cabbages, tomatoes, lettuce, marigolds, zinnias, and nasturtiums started in flats in- doors, and radishes, peas, and beans planted in the beds as soon as the weather permits. As a result of this school gardening, the children's pow- ers of observation have been quickened and they have shown themselves mentally more alert; their sense of beauty has_been increased as well as their sense of responsibility for the ap- pearance of the school grounds ; they have gained in gentle- ness, in self-respect, and in regard for others' property and rights. If such qualities can be developed through school gardening, the work that Hampton graduates are doing along this line may be counted among the things that are worth while. 52 GARDENING AT THE WHITTIER SCHOOL, HAMPTON GATHERING CROPS TO C \RRV HOME What Hampton Graduates Are Doing Indian Camp School Teachers XCEPTING only the field matron, probably no one in an Indian community has the opportu- nity to wield so strong an influence over the home life of the people as the camp-school teacher. Coming in contact, as he does, with the little chil- dren in a day school from which they go to their parents at night carrying with them some of his teachings ; aided by his wife in the capacit/ of matron, and, of necessity, united with the community in a common interest, he may, if he choose, be counselor and friend to youth and age, and a light unto the feet of all who are trying to " walk the new trails." This seems an ideal position for the Indian graduate who possesses the necsssary qualifications ; and such a one is Robert P. Higheagle, a full-blood Sioux from Standing Rock Agency, N. D, who was graduated in 1895. For several years he filled the position of camp-school teacher at Bull Head Station, Standing Rock, and later took up similar work at Fort Totten, N. D. In 1898 he married a Sioux girl of much refinement who was ambitious to make for him a home after the manner of the white man's, and therein they have worked together for the training of their pupils. Among the other returned Hampton students engaged in teaching camp schools is Josephine Barnaby, an Omaha, who was graduated in 1887. Better to prepare herself for work among her people she took a partial course in the Training School for Nurses in New Haven, and then went to help in the mission work among the Sioux at Standing Rock. After her maiTiage, she and her husband took a camp school among the Chippewas in Minnesota where they have been since 1896, teaching the children and helping the older Indians in their homes. She says that her training in the hospital has been a great blessing to her in her work for the people. 54 ROBRKT lllCllKAGLIi's IIOM li A \' I ) S( liooIHoUSE JOSEPHINE r.ARNABV AND HER ITPILS What Hampton Graduates Are Doing '" /' . Towards Extending -'. •' The Study of Agriculture ' • A-:! 56 .SMLChlNC- OKN ON THE FARM OF FLIZA V BOLLING What Hampton Graduates are Doing ■armers Institutes ERHAPS the largest farmers' school in the South is the one organized by P. W. Dawkins, Class o£ '86. It consists of over one thousand members liJ^^— ^' '- ^' living on some of the Sea Islands off the coast of South Carolina, and on the adjacent mainland in Beaufort County. Mr. Dawkins accepted in 1901 the position of super- intendent of industries at the Penn School on St. Helena Is- land. After organizing a central farmers' school there, he formed branch associations in five other places. These vari- ous organizations meet four times each year and have regular lessons in agriculture which many of the members put into practice when they return home. Committees have been ap- pointed on forestry, farm products, home products, sanitation, and home decoration. The results of this work are seen in the improved appearance of the homes and in the better culti- vation of the crops. Before being called to the work at St. Helena, Mr. Dawkins had had an experience of seventeen years in teaching and farming in North Carolina, where it was his constant effort to improve agricultural methods in his com- munity, and to encourage the people in the buying of homes. Another Hampton graduate who is influencing his people along agricultural lines is Frank Trigg, Class of '74, who, after teaching for twenty years in the graded schools of Lynchburg, was called to take charge of the Princess Anne Academy, the Eastern Branch of the Maryland Agricultural College. He has a school farm of 125 acres, 75 being under cultivation, and supplying the boarding department with flour, vegetables, and stock feed, as well as producing fruit and early garden truck for shipment to Baltimore. Mr. Trigg organized in 1903 a farmers' institute which has been well attended and which is calculated to do much good in the community, many of the farmers having already put into practice what they have learn- ed at the institutes. 58 mi-:.mi;fks ok rii e iakmf.rs' m im iol on 'i hi-: si;.\ islands THR BARNS OF THE PRINCESS ANNE ACADEMY, M U. What Hampton Graduates Are Doing Some NA/omen Farmers NE of Hampton's most successful farmers is a woman, Eliza W. Boiling, Class of '91, who owns a large tobacco farm near Farmville, Virginia, on which she raises also oats, wheat, corn, and all of her table supplies except tea, coffee, beef, and mutton. She was administratrix of her father's estate of nearly one thousand acres and is recognized as an excellent business woman. She enjoys the respect and confidence of all classes of both races in Farmville. Another woman who is doing much to encourage better methods of agriculture is Georgia Washington, Class of '82, principal of the People's School at Mt. Meigs, Alabama. In 1900, she bought, with the aid of the people of the community and Northern friends, twenty-four acres of land for a school farm. On this, cotton, corn, and truck crops are raised by the older boys of the school. One of these boys, after graduating at Mt. Meigs, took a course at Hampton and went back to put in practice on the school farm some of the principles learned in his agricultural classroom. By following new methods he succeeded in raising better cotton and more to the acre than his neighbor did. " Through our little farm," he says, "people are taught lessons that no amount of writing or talking could effectively teach. Every farmer in the community, white as well as black, has his eyes upon the school farm." Using this as an object lesson and supplementing it with simple experi- ments indoors, this young teacher succeeded in changing the pupils' dislike for farming into genuine enthusiasm. They pre- pared and planted a garden, "opening their eyes with surprise and delight when they saw that seed planted on flat beds sprouted several days earlier than that planted on ridges." Simple lessons were given on selecting, germinating, and test- ing seeds, with special application to the staple crops of the locality. 6o THE FIRST BALE OV COTTON RAISED ON THE SCHOOL FARM AT MT. MEIGS, ALA. AN ACRE OF MULES" AT THE TUSKEGEE CONFERENCE What Hampton Graduates Are Doing Stock Raising [MONG Hampton's Indian graduates are some who are doing an extensive business in stock rais- ing. Of tliese Jolin Downing, Class of 1882, one of tlie first tliree Indian graduates from Hamp- ton, is perhaps the mos*. successful. On his return to In- ', \ I 1 ' I:', h ill \ I I. i\\ \ I NG THE SHELLB\NK.S BARN, HA.MPTON INSTITUTK What Hampton Graduates Are Doing Towards Establishing And Maintaining Industrial Schools 64 HOOKER r. WASHINGTON, L], 1) What Hampton Graduates Are Doing Tuskegee HE most prominent industrial school founded by a Hampton graduate is the Tuskegee Institute I in Alabama, started in 1880 by Booker T. Wash- ^M MlU^M'J}] ington, LL. D, Class of '75. The astonishing growth and development of this school are too well known to need description. The number of boarding pupils is already twice as great as the number at Hampton ; there are nearly twice as many buildings, and more trades are taught. Every year sees new equipment and improvements of all kinds add- ed to the school which has done so much to convince the world of the value of industrial training and of the far seeing wisdom of General Armstrong whose life was Dr. Washing- ton's inspiration. Fourteen of the trades taught at Tuskeges are housed in the Slater-Armstrong Memorial Trade School built in 1899. John H. Washington, Class of '79, an older brother of the founder, who is now superintendent of industries at Tuske- gee, directed the work on this building as he did that on most of the others. He has never been known to disappoint the school by not having a building ready at the appointed time, although when the new chapel was to be dedicated, he worked all night to finish it, and some of the litter of construction was being swept out of the back door as the head of the pro- cession entered at the front. Superintendent Washington has been well named "one of the makers of Tuskegee." Many of the teachers of industries at the school, as well as a number of instructors in other departments, are Hampton graduates. In Dorothy Hall, the domestic science building erected in 1901, the girls are taught ten industries, which include, besides the ordinary branches, the making of mattresses, soap, and brooms. A Tuskegee graduate has in his turn started an industrial school at Utica, Mississippi. Twenty-six others have founded schools, most of which have industrial features. 66 V UOKOTHV HALL, TUSKlClilU: INSTITUTE •fi THE TUSKEGEE TRADE SCHOOL What Hampton Graduates Are Doing A Group of Young Hamptons HE largest outgrowth of Hampton in Virginia is St. Paul's Normal and Industrial School at Lawrenceville, Va, founded in 1888 by Rev. James S. Russell, a Hampton ex-student, now an archdeacon in the Episcopal Church. The plant consists of 1700 acres of land, and nearly thirty buildings, most of which were erected by student labor, the bricks and lumber for thein being also prepared by the students. The contrast between these and the mud cabins of slavery time still standing near by is most suggestive of the progress that the Negro race has made since its emancipation. Sixteen industries are taught at St. Paul's, many of the instructors being Hampton graduates. The school numbers at present nearly five hundred students and has had under its care over two thousand young people who have been trained to self-support and right ways of liv- ing. Another industrial school founded by a Hampton ex- student is the Cappahosic High School on the York River in Gloucester County. It was started in 1888 by William B. Weaver with four pupils who were taught in an old store- house. In less than ten years it owned nearly one hundred and fifty acres of land, with two large buildings and other school property valued at $14,000. In 1891 it became a school of the American Missionary Association with Wm. G. Price, Class of 1890, as principal. The Association considers the class of students at Cappahosic superior to that in many other localities. They do the entire work of the farm and house- hold and their academic work is of excellent grade. The course includes Normal training and some good teachers go out from this school into the rural districts of the State. 68 n I I i iiiii 1 1 1 i%i HI' 1 1.1)1 MIS C II'' I II I IK I N( I ss \ \ .N I .\i \ I II 'r ^:ti .. ^ -V, m.- m;£,. lilKl) S l.VM \ll.\\ Ol SI. i'AULS SI IIUlJl., LA W K liN C l.\ 1 LLE ^¥^'/ THE CAPPAHOSIC HIGH SCHOOL What Hampton Graduates Are Doing The Mt. Meigs People's School ISS WASHINGTON, in her report "Ten Years in the Black Belt " says, "My fifteen years' experi- ence at Hampton Institute was preparation to [ilX^mOZ-Jj| do something ; my ten years' work at Mt. Meigs has been simply an attempt to do something. " That her " at- tempt " has been successful no one doubts who has seen her work. The little settlement — home, school, farm, and church — set down in the midst of an ignorant and shiftless population, has long been like an oasis in the desert. It was in 1893 that Georgia Washington, Class of 1882, was called from Hampton to take charge of a school in Alabama. She found the people picking cotton and no building for a school or for a teacher to live in had been provided. A small cabin was rented for two dollars a month and the school be- gan with four small boys as pupils. But the little cabin was soon crowded, and the children were taught in a huge barn of a church until a schoolhouse could be built. The end of the first year saw one hundred pupils enrolled. After ten years the old plantation on which cotton was being picked when Miss Washington arrived, had become the property of the peo- ple and formed the school grounds and farm. The first school- house is now the "Teacher's Home " ; a new church has been built by the people ; and a large two-story school building, ac- commodating three hundred children, is the "crowning glory" of the settlement. A land company, started through Miss Wash- ington's influence, after paying for the plantation of three hundred and twenty acres, rented it for four years, sharing the proceeds. In 1902 the company disbanded and divided the land, which they are now cultivating. Seventy-five men organized in 1903 a cotton-s^in company and are now not only ginning cotton themselves but are doing it for some of their white neighbors. 70 GKORGIA WASHINlITON THE l'E(.)l'LE S SCHOOL AT MT. .MEIGS What Hampton Graduates Are Doing Instructors in Industrial Schools '!M0NG tlios£ wlio have been in tlie contin- uous service of ttieir people ever since tlieir graduation is Mrs. Dtlla Haydn, Class of 1877. During the fourteen years tliat she taught in the public schools of Southside, Vii-ginia, Mrs. Haydn reached nearly two thousand cliildren, hundreds of whom are now teachers in their turn. For eight of these years she taught a night school attended by over two hundred laboring men. Through the influence of Mrs. Marriage Allen of England she became an enthusiastic temperance worker. In 1888 she organ- ized a State Teachers' Temperance Union now numbering six hundred members, of which she is still president. Mrs. Haydn was asked in 1890 to accept the position of lady principal at the Petersburg Normal School, which she held for thirteen years. Here she was an indefatigable worker and wielded a strong influence, which was always on the side of temperance. In 19C4, she decided to can-y out her heart's desire and start an industrial school for girls at Franklin. To do this she resigned her excellent position at Petersburg and is now struggling to place her school on a permanent basis. Another worker of prominence in an industrial school is Robert R. Moton, Class of 1890, who was made Assistant Com- luandant of Cadets at Hampton immediately upon graduation, and after two years was given the position of Commandant, which he has held ever since. Major Moton is a full-blooded Negro, one of his ancestors having been an African prince who was captured with a number of his own slaves whom he had brought down to the coast to sell. His management of the cadets at Hampton has always been marked by wisdom and tact, and his judgment on race questions is so sane and help- ful that it is sought liy many white men interested in social and economic matters. ''" '"r-//; •*«;sSC THK I'K IKKSIIURC NORMA! AM) INDISIKIAI. COLLEGE MAIOR RdliHUr K. Mil ION What Hampton Graduates Are Doing Towards Training Mechanics and Industrial Instructors -■-fe;^ 7 \ JOHN MILTON'S BLACKSMTTH SHO 1' AT H AM P TON, \A . What Hampton Graduates Are Doing A Change of Ideal ARR Y J. MORTON came to Hampton in 1896 with the ambition of being a champion prize fighter or baseball player. After one year as a laborer in the engineer's department he began the brick- layer's trade, receiving his certificate in 1900. He refused a position at St. Paul's Industrial School at Lawrenceville, Vir- <*inia, in order to complete his academic course. In the mean- time he had united with the school church and had become active in Y. M. C. A. work as well as a devoted missionary to the inmates of the jail. He was " always found loyal if any trouble arose with the students." After receiving his diploma in 1901 he accepted the Law- renceville position as instructor in bricklaying which had been held for him for two years. The first year he put in a brick-making plant that turns out 20,000 bricks per day. He was then engaged to lay a stone foundation — something he had never before attempted. The work was pronounced by a white citizen the best of the kind ever done in the town. During his first two years he built, with the aid of a few ap- prentices, two brick stores, a postoffice, and a bank, each two stories high, in the town of Lawrenceville ; since that time he has done the brick work and plastering on a three-story dor- mitory and dining hall at the school, and is now working on a new brick chapel. At odd times he has built an eight-room brick dwelling house of his own on a lot which he has bought opposite the school grounds. This he rents for twenty dol- lars per month to a white citizen of Lawrenceville. Mr. Mor- ton has also found time to teach evening school and a Sun- day school class of thirty-eight boys. He has no time or de- sire for prize fighting. 76 HARRY 1. MORTON AT WORK EDWARD T. SULLY IN T)IE L A\VR ENCEVILLE HARNESS SHOP What Hampton Graduates Are Doing Hampton Printers NE of Hampton's successful printers is Frank Hubbard, an Indian belonging to the Penobscot tribe of Oldtown, Maine. While in school he worked at the printer's trade and was for a time editor and manager of Talks nncl Thoii^ahts, a small paper published by the Hampton Indians. In 1893 he was graduated and went home, working at first at rafting logs, but afterwards securing work in various printing offices in Oldtown and in Bangor, Maine, his wages being increased from three to ten dollars per week. In 1899, Hubbard accepted a Government position as industrial teacher at Rosebud, South Dakota, and later was transferred to the Oglala Boarding School at Pine Ridge, where a teacher of printing was needed, and where a paper was to be started. In the first issue of the Oglala Light, 1901, his name appears as manager, and he is still at his post, making a useful paper, notable for its good taste. The accom- panying picture shows him at work in his office with his afternoon detail. Among the Negro graduates who are doing good work at the trade of printing may be mentioned Robert B. Miller, who has worked for nine years in the office at Hampton Institute and is now in charge of all the press work. The grade of work done by Mr. Miller may be judged from the appearance of this circular, which he printed. The press is not a half- tone one and the fact that he makes it accomplish as good results as it does, shows his painstaking and thorough work. Four other men trained in this office have worked in it as jobmen or compositors for periods varying from nine to twenty-six years. 78 Ki)i;i;Kr i:. mh.i.ek at his i'ri:.s.s FRANK HUKBARL) IN THE OFFICE OF THE " OGLALA LIGHT' What Hampton Graduates Are Doing Indian Mechanics HARLES DOXSON, Class of 89, was the first'In- dian student to come to Hampton as a regular work student ; that is, a student having no help [gt'^^"^--^' "^r from the Government. He worked in the en- gine room all day and was the only Indian for a long time in the night school. After six years he had not only mastered his trade, but won an academic diploma. The following "sum- mer he found employment at his trade in Syracuse, running a high-speed engine for the Sweet Manufacturing Company. After two years he entered the New York Central Railroad Shops as stationary engineer in the erecting department. Here he found the need of further instruction in mathematics and draughting and began a course of night study which he has never entirely given up. As a result of his faithful work and extra study he was advanced until he was one of the eight highest paid mechanics, and held a position which in- cluded the control of a large body of men. He was elected a member of a New York state labor union, his objection that he was neither a white man nor a citizen being set aside by the vote of a national convention that his life of independent self-support had made him virtually a citizen and given him more right than a white man to every advantage offered by a labor union. Mr. Doxson is an Onondaga Indian. From one of the best homes among the Oneida Indians, Nelson Metoxen came to Hampton in 1889. He studied wheel- wrighting and blacksmithing, and after his return home set up a shop with his brother where they carry on a prosperous business, and at the same time operate successfully a large farm. For a part of the time he has taught these trades in an industrial school at Morris, Minnesota. He has built a good home for his family, a picture of which is shown on the op- posite page. 80 k^Z r% HOMK OF NELSON METOXKN CIIAKLI.S LMiXsQN IN THi; KAILU'i.VU SHOl' .;.:v\. <./ - What Hampton v^iraduate? ;V:ii.!^ct^-A''"^ Doing .^_ ^. . rdsi *■ '^^ ■•*: ^''■ ;.■.■;;,", Establishing Foreign Missions owards Improving '^ ■•*: ^''■ »i ',a<.i.^,* Church Life and A BACK COUNTRY CHl'Ki II I.N ALA1;A.MA What Hampton Graduates Are Doing " Faith without works is dead " I'EV. JOHN B. RANDOLPH, who began studying for the ministry in the Pastor's Class at Hamp- ton, was born of slave parents and was obliged to work hard for an education. He was an en- gineer by trade. After preparing himself for the ministry he had short pas- torates in several cities and was then called to his present charge, the Metropolitan Baptist Church in Philadelphia. At that time the congregation numbered thirty-five and the Sun- day school twenty. The church owned no property and had less than ten dollars in its treasury. In six years Mr. Ran- dolph built up the congregation to five hundred members and the Sunday school to two hundred. Needing a church build- ing of their own and not having funds to let out contracts, the new pastor decided that they would build the church them- selves. Starting with a capital of $300, he called on the me- chanics in the church to join him, and then worked side by side with them as they built ths new church around the old one, never missing a Sunday service during its erection. It was dedicated one year after ground was broken, and two years later a large pipe organ was installed under the direc- tion of the pastor. The church is valued at $15,000. When Mr. Randolph was asked to tell the story of his church, he said that he was glad to tell it if it would help any discouraged Hampton student, "for," he added, "I fully be- lieve that there is success for any one of them who will pull off his coat, roll up his sleeves, and go at his work with the Hampton spirit." 84 METKOl'OI.ITAN HAPTIST CHURCH What Hampton Graduates Are Doing An African Missionary NE of the most useful missionaries in the interior of Africa is Rev. William H. Sheppard, an ex- student of Hampton. He was sent to that country in 1885 by the Presbyterian Church, South, with Rev. Samuel Lapsley, son of Judge Lapsley of Ala- bama, where he was stationed at Luebo, one thousand miles from the west coast of Africa on a branch of the Congo. Mr. Sheppard was from the first, however, much interested in the Bakuba people who lived fifty miles further inland but often passed his house with ivory and rubber for the traders. Al- though the king of these people had forbidden all foreigners to approach his capital, Mr. Sheppard visited him there, over- coming all obstacles by his courage and tact. For his discov- eries on this journey he was made a Fellow of the Royal Geo- graphical Society of London. Obliged for a time to give up his idea of work among the Bakuba, he never lost sight of his purpose and finally suc- ceeded in establishing a station at Ibanj in the Bakuba country where he built a large church in which over sixty converts were baptized on one Sabbath. In a late number of The Missionnry Mr. Sheppard is referred to in the following words: "He not only builds churches and preaches the Gos- pel and beautifies the mission with broad avenues and boule- vards, but, like Luke, he is also the beloved physician. He is known, loved, and reverenced by the natives far and wide." Among the results of his work are 3,000 members of the church at Luebo, and 8,000 natives in the school there. At Ibanj are 1,000 members and 500 in the school. Seventy-five native evangelists go out from the two stations to carry the Gospel into remote districts, and the influence of the mission is widely felt. 86 I lilK llk>r I'K1lM;\ ll-.KIAN < HLKI II AT IIIA.NI PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE, llJANl What Hampton Graduates Are Doing Indian Catechists ERBERT WELSH, of Standing Rock, a full-blood- ed Sioux, is a Hampton ex-student who is doing effective missionary work among his own peo- ple. Before coming East he attended school at St. Paul's School at the Yankton Agency, where he came un- der the influence of Rsv. Charles Cook and received from him his first impulse toward a missionary life. In 1887 he came to Hampton where he spent three years in earnest, faithful work. He then went to Wilder, Minn, attending the agricul- tural school there for one year and also studying the Bible with the rector of the parish. On his return home he began his work as a catechist at a mission station on the Standing Rock reservation. After his ordination as deacon he was put in charge of a small church near St. Elizabeth's School. He has been steadfast and faithful in his work in spite of the trouble and annoyance which his enemies have caused him by charges which have been proven false. At present he is serv- ing as assistant to the Rev. Phillip Deloria, also an Indian, in St. Elizabeth's Church, which is headquarters for the Episco- pal work on the reservation. The church is well attended, and the services, which are carried on entirely in the Dakota language, are reverently and attentively followed by the con- gregation. Hampton graduates and ex-students among the returned Indians are active in promoting the societies known as " Re- turned Students' and Progressive Indians' Associations," the members of which are banded together to help each other in maintaining the ideals that they have set for themselves. Their purpose is not, however, merely their own advancement, but the welfare of the whole people, and their value can hardly be overestimated. 88 MUETING PLACE OK THE RETURNED STUDENTS' ASSOCIATION HERBERT WELSH'S CHURCH What Hampton Graduates Are Doing In Professional Life 90 ARCHDEACON lAMES S. RUSSELL What Hampton Graduates Are Doing Some Hampton Professional Men ||lXTEEN per cent of Hampton's graduates and ten per cent of her ex -students have gone into the professions and are making good records as preachers, doctors, lawyers, editors, writers, art- ists, singers, and trained nurses. Among the prominent preachers who had their early train- ing at Hampton are Thomas Nelson Baker, who has a flourish- ing church at Pittsfield, Mass ; and in Virginia, Archdeacon Russell, principal of St. Paul's School, Lawrenceville ; Rev. George B. Howard of Petersburg, Rev. Thomas H. Shorts of Hampton, and Rev. Henry H. Harris, who has recently ac- cepted a call to Newport News. An interesting incident in connection with his former church at Cincinnati, Ohio, is the raising of his church debt. A mortgage on the church had been running for five years and the amount due was $10,300. The pastor at once set to work to reduce the debt, and after six years of hard and persistent work succeeded in paying it. A number of Indians have done excellent work as cate- chists — among them Herbert Welsh of Standing Rock, Medi- cine Bull of Lower Brule, and Baptiste Lambert of White Swan, S. D. Patient and faithful work such as these men are doing is having its result in the uplifting of the Sioux and their slow but steady growth in the Christian religion. A graduate of the Class of 1877, Robert B. Williams, has been for ten years a barrister and solicitor in Wellington, New Zealand. From his far-away home he writes: "I am satisfied that the education of the people of my race is practicable only along the lines pursued at Hampton. I find human nature the same everywhere. 1 have a white servant in my house and have to defend a white criminal in the court. I am mayor of my town and the only colored man in it. I find that good and evil do not depend upon the color of the skin." 92 JIERBERT WELSH REV. T. H. SHORTS What Hampton Graduates Are Doing An Indian Artist ^JNGEL DECORA, artist and writer, came to Hamp- ton in the fall of '88, a little Winnebago girl witti no education and but a little English. After her graduation in '91 she entered Miss Burnham's school at Nortiianipton, and then the Smith College Art School, from which she was graduated with honors in '96, earning her tuition by her own exertions. After two years under Howard Pyle at the Drexel Institute and a year at the Cowles Art School in Boston she opened a studio in New York. In '97 she published in Harper's Monthly two little stories of Indian life which she illustrated herself. These brought her many friends and abundant opportunities for similar work. Her colored frontispiece for Frank La Flssche's little book " The Middle Five" is perhaps her best known illustration, though her work in Miss Judd's " Wigwam Stories " and Zit- kala-sa's "Old Indian Legends " has been much admired. In '97 she spent the summer among the Arickaras in North Dakota and did some very excellent portrait work in colors. For the Government exhibits at Buffalo and Charles- ton she not only made some unique and interesting designs for furniture, but painted in oils a sunset scene on the prairie, that has received much favorable criticism Alone and almost unaided, Miss de Cora, devoted alike to lier art and her people, has worked out her own problem with a cheerful courage and persistence that does credit to her race. 94 ANC;EL DIXOKA ILI.USTKA 1 ION FKt).M "THE SICK CHILD What Hampton Graduates Are Doing A Successful Physician ^, ■}'. ^)^^^i^ ^ONG the Hampton men who have become suc- •7 = x; ' cessful physicians is Maurice W. Pannill, M. D, of Staunton, Virginia. When he was twenty, he : ij— ^ -' ■_■■' -j: J— IT j\ came to Hampton from a little district school, his father giving him ten dollars and his railroad fare and tell- ing him he must shift for himself. He was a member of "the plucky class," working hard all day at the sawmill and study- ing two hours at night — an experience which he says made a man of him. He was graduated in '88 and after teaching for one year, he began his medical course at Shaw University. He took the winter courses at Shaw and the spring courses at the University of Pennsylvania, at the same time having the benefit of the clinics and lectures at the Blockley Hospital. After receiving his diploma he took the Virginia State ex- amination, passing second of seventy-two candidates. In October '94, he established himself in practice in Staunton, Virginia. With his first earnings he assisted an older brother in buying a home, and helped towards the support of his aged parents. In '96, he bought a house and lot, and having mar- ried, moved his office to his home, from time to time making extensive improvements on his property, which is on one of the principal streets of Staunton. He gradually gained the confidence of the people and of his fellow practitioners, all of whom are white, but who consult with him and show in various ways their confidence and respect. Meantime, one of his brothers, Nathaniel Pannill, also a Hampton man, passed the State examination and became a registered pharmacist. The doctor and druggist rented a store and invested in a complete stock of drugs. The store is kept clean and attractive and the business is conducted on strict business principles, commending itself to both races alike. Dr. Pannill is looking forward to establishing a hospital for his race. 96 I.AVIMA ( OKNELIUS ,1 II I ,1 il i ,1 II r I- II i II -■ (I N II r . THE HOME OF MAURICE W. PANNILL, M. D. What Hampton Graduates Are Doing A Country Lawyer's Work WENTY-SIX years ago, Thomas C. Walker, Class of 1883, now a successful lawyer of Gloucester County, Virginia, was an ignorant country boy in what was called "the plucky class" at Hampton, taught by Booker T. Washington. The boys of this class worked hard at the school sawmill or at other industries during the day and studied for two hours in the evening. At the end of his work year Walker had saved $92, a dollar for every cent he owned when he reached Hampton. After his graduation he taught for six years, sending twenty-six pupils to Hampton during that time. He then began the study of law with an ex-Confederate soldier, was admitted to the bar in three years, and has since practiced in all the courts, has been four times justice of the peace, once county commissioner, once delegate to the National Republican Convention, and in 1896 was appointed Collector of Customs for the port of Rap- pahannock, the only Negro ever given such an appointment in Virginia. Recently Mr. Walker was offered the consulship at Guade- loupe, W. I, at a salary of $1200, but refused it in order to continue in the service of his people in Virginia, for from the first he has interested himself in their betterment. Almost all the colored people in his county were renters. He helped them to build homes and buy land until now ninety per cent own and manage farms. The churches were improved. The migration to Northern cities was stopped, and for a space of five years no Negro was sent from that county to the peni- tentiary. Mr. Walker has also conducted an educational cam- paign which has roused the people to raise money for theim- provement of schools. Through his efforts the colored people in thirteen counties raised $1,685 in one year to lengthen the school term. He has also been a strong temperance worker, and through his influence the saloon has been abolished in many counties. BIRTHPLACE OK THOMAS L. WALKEK THOMAS C. walker's PRESENT HOME '-iiisa'di^' ■% OJEGO < ^■:. i i % <^.' UNivfe"^' .A- .^^' -5 "> ^om\ % "'^^^'i)JEGO- 1 ^£,IEGO-^" .6^ s '!l^ ^ '^^"ffO-.s,. *>•/. OiSiV*'' I '■■y .v^-^' -Oill ^^.