S "- ^ G - "%3AiN(i AttE UNIVERto vV-lOSANGEtfr.. , ^E UNIVERS//, ^I-IIBRAI Attentat du trois Nivose 18 19 4 d 5. - 4 d 5 b Vlll Ordre Chronolopique. e^ignation Deg 3EteDatffe. N ombre de Medailles. Dimension par Centimetres. 1801 . . J 1802 . .^ 1803 . . ^ 1804. .^ Paix de Luneville 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 5 d6. 4. 4 a 5. 4. 4 a 5. 4. 1 a 2. 4. 3 a 4. 4. 3 a 4. 3 a 4. 3 a 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 3 a 4. 2 a 3. 1 cf2. 4. 6d7. 3 a 4. 2 a 3. 4. 4. / 'Paix d' Amiens Autre sur le nietne suiet . j Retablissement du Culte Organisation de I' Instruction pub- ' Negotiations avec I'Angleterre* . La Venus de Medicis* Les Ecoles de Pharmacie* .... ^La Fortune Conservatrice* .... (SaUedeVApollan* Le Musee Napoleon! tSalle du Laocoon.* V LEcole des Mines du Mont- Blanc* Le Catnp de Boulogne* Construction des deux mille Bar- '' Le Couronnement d Paris -/ ^ (*' Le Sacre* Repas donne par la ville de Pari Fetes du Couronnement Distribution des Aigles* La Monnaie des Medailles retablie . Societe Centrals de Vaccine* . . IX Ordre ChroDologiqu 3eicmation Des IBeDarlles. s. Nombre de Med ailles. Dimension par Centimetres. r Visite du Pape Pie VII* . . . 48 4. 1 Cniir(mnf.m.f>nt d Hfilan.* 49 4. 1805 . . / Le Tombeau de Desaix* 50 2 a 3. \ Autre, avec inscription* 51 2 a 3. La Ligvrie reunie d la. France* . 52 4. v Les Ecoles de Medecine* .... 53 4. \ premiere Campape o^iitrirJje. f Levee du Camp de Boulogne* . . 54 4. Allocution sur le Pont du Lech* , 55 4. Capitulation d'Ulm et de Mem minqen* 56 4 Prise de Vienne et de Presbourg 57 4. Reprise des Drapeaujc d Inspruck 58 4. 1805 . . ( Bataille d'Austerlitz* 59 4. Les trois Etnpercurs* ....... 60 4. Entrevue des deux Empereurs* . . 61 4. Deputation des Maires de Paris d Schoenbrunn 62 6 a 7. 63 4. Cathedrale de Vienne* 64 4. 65 4. i Concruete de Ffstrie* 66 4. Conyuete de la Dalmatie* .... 67 4. 1 Conouete de Naples* . 68 4. 1806 . . \ Souverainetes donnees* ...... 69 4. Mariage du Prince de Bade* . . 70 4. Colonne de la gran.de Armee* . . 71 4. V 72 4. X Ordre Chroaologique. N ombre de Medailles. Dimension par Centimetres. Campagneg De $ruge tt de Cologne. Confederation du Rhin* 73 4. Bataille d'Jena* 74 4. Autre sur le meme sujet 75 4. , Entree a Berlin* 76 4. \ Capitulation des quatre Forte- resses de la Prusse* 77 4. Alliance avec la Saxe* 78 4. Occupation de Hambourg* .... 79 4. /Les Aigles Frangaises sur la Vis- tule* 80 4. Bataille d'Eylau* 81 4. Sejour a Osterode* 82 4. Delivrance de Dantzick* 83 4. Bataille de Friedland* 84 4. La Victoire du 14 Juin* 85 4. / Occupation des trois Capitales* . 86 4. ( Conquete de la Silesie* 87 4. Paix da Tilsit* 88 4. Le grand Duche de Varsovie* . . 89 4. Le Royaume de Westphalie* ... 90 4. Mariage du Roi de Westphalie* 91 4. Reunion de FEtrurie d I'Empire* 92 4. Le Simplon* 93 4. Route de Nice d Rome* 94 4. \ L'Aigle couronnee* 95 4. Campagne &'e Catopape fc'autnc^e. - Rupture du TraitedePresbourg, et Batailles d'Abensberg et d'Eck- iniihl* OR Depart de Paris, et entree a C7tJ j Vienne* 99 Bataille d'Essling, et Passage du 100 4. Prise de Raab* 101 4. 1809 . . ( Attaque d'Anvers, et Sejour d \ Schoenbrunn* 102 4. Reunion de VEtat Rom a in d tEmpire* 103 4. Rome seconde Capitate* 104 4. 105 4. 106 4. Paix de Vienne* 107 4. Visite du Roi de Saxe d la Mon- <- naie des Medailles* 108 4. ' "Visite du Roi et de la Reine de Baviere d la Monnaie des Me- dailles* IftQ ** (I J.Utf 110 4. 1810 . J Mariage de I'Empereur ^ ^ (* ' ' 111 112 113 3 a 4. 2 a 3. 1 a 2. L' Amour emportant le Foudre* . 114 la 2. Visite du Grand-Due de Wurtz- bourg d la Monnaie des Me- dailles* -ii s 3 ft 4 Statue de Desaix* . . J.AO lift U> *X 4. V Le Canal de I'Ourcg* . mMAM 4. Xll Ordre Chronologique Designation dc j&e&ailU.s. Nombre de Med.,illes. Dimension par Centimetres. 1810 . . < 1 1811 .. 4 1 1812 . . I 1813 . . J 1814 . . 1815 . . 'Orphelines de la Legion-d'Hon- \ neur* 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 4. 6d7. 4. 6 a 7. 4. 3 a 4. 1 a 2. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 5 a 6. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 1 Pompe Funebre du Due de Mon- tebello Na'issance du Roi de Rome* . . Bapteme du Roi de Rome .... f * Le Roi de Rome ..<*.. (*.... Campagne t>e ftuftit. ' Prise de Wilna* Bataille de la Moskowa* .... Entree d Moscou* Les Aigles Frangaises sur le Bo- rysthene* . . Les Aigles Francoises sur le Wol- ga* . Retraite de FArmee* Fondation de CEcole des Beaux- Arts d Rome Bataille de Lntzen* .... Bataille de Wurtchen* . . . Le Monument du Mont-Cenis* . Fevrier, 1814* .... Retour de I'Empereur* Xlll Ordre Chrooologique. Designation des JEeDatlleS. Kombre de Medailles. Dimension par Centimetres. fL'Imperatrice Marie-Louise* . . 137 2 a 3. = ^ i La Princesse Elisa* . 138 2 a 3. Petites Me. 1 dailies. < La Princesse. Pauline* 139 2 a 3. K La Heine de, Naples* 140 141 2 a 3. 2 a 3. La Reine Hortense* . Nota. Toutes hs Mtdailles marquees d'un Asttrisque ont tie ordonnies par le Gouvernementj compasses ft dirigtes par M. Denon. Dtapoleon No. I. BATAILLE DE MONTENOTTE. Obverse Bust of General Bonaparte, his hair en queue, coat embroidered with oak leaves and acorns ; exergue, GAYRARD F. Reverse Genius of War, flying over that part of the Globe where the arms of the Republic ivere then in the full tide of victory ; in her right hand a drawn sword; in her left, a, laurel crown and palm branches ; the redoubt of Montenotte appears on the left side of the globe. Legend, JEUFFROY F. DENON DIR. Ex- ergue, BATAILLE DE MONTENOTTE, MDCCXCVI. Dimensions, 1-rg inches. B ARRAS being chosen to the office of Director, found it inconvenient to continue his intimacy with Madame Beauharnois, and she agreed to give her hand to Napo- leon Bonaparte, then General of the Interior, if he could be brought to offer her his vows of conjugal affection. At this time the army of Italy had no leader, Garnet had displaced General Scherer for habitual in- toxication ; and Bonaparte having shewed his talents both at Toulon and on the 13th Vendemaire, was re commended by Barras to Carnot, as most likely to serve the Republic faithfully in Italy. Carnot's high opinion of the genius of Bonaparte seconded the nomination. Barras offered the lady and 500,000 livres, and Carnot the army ; and as the terms of the offer signified that neither could be gratified without the other, he did not long hesitate in obliging his friend Barras, and became the husband of Madame Beauharnois, and the comman- der in chief of the army of Italy. Bonaparte arrived at head-quarters early in the spring of 1796 ; his army was very inferior in numbers to that of his enemies : " But if we are vanquished," said he, " I shall have too much ; if conquerors, we stand in need of nothing." The Austrians and Piedmontese occupied all those parts of the Alps which command the shore of Genoa. The French had their right supported by Savona, with their left towards Montenotte, while two demi-brigades were much advanced in front of their right at Voltri. After some time spent in movements, intended to de- ceive the French, hostilities were commenced by the Imperialists. Beaulieu ordered 10,000 men to attack the post of Voltri. General Cervoni, with 3000 men, retreated in the night, in great order, to the church of our Lady of Savona, and Bonaparte covered him with 1500 men, posted expressly in the avenues of Saspello, and on the heights of Veraggio. On the 10th, Beaulieu, with 15,000 men, attacked and drove in all which sup- ported the centre of the French, and at one o'clock of the day was before the redoubt of Montenotte, the last of their entrenchments. In spite of repeated charges, this redoubt arrested the progress of the enemy. The Chief of Brigade, Rampon, who commanded these 1500 men, made his soldiers take an oath to perish in the re- doubt, and for the whole night kept the enemy at the dis- tance of pistol shot. During this time General Laharpe took post behind the redoubt, and Bonaparte, followed by the Generals Berthier and Massena, and the Com- missioner Salicetti, brought up his centre and his left, at one o'clock in the morning, by Altara, on the flank and rear of the Austrians. On the llth, at day-break, Beau- lieu and Laharpe attacked each other with vigour and various success, when Massena appeared dealing death and terror on the Austro-Sardinians, where General Argenteau commanded. The enemy's Generals, Argen- teau and Roccavino, were wounded, and the route was complete. Fifteen hundred men were killed, and 2500 were made prisoners ; of which 60 were officers ; seve- ral standards were taken ; and the French, by gaining the battle of Montenotte, made themselves masters of Carcara on the 12th, and also of Cairo. No. II. BATAILLE DE MILL^SIMO. Obverse Hercules engaged with the Hydra; the flaming torch of ivar lies under his left foot. Legend, BATAILLE DE MILLESIMO . COMBAT DE DEGO. Reverse, within a circle LE PEUPLE FRAN9AIS A L'ARMEE D'lTALIE. Legend, AN 4 ME> DE LA REP. LOI DU 6 FLO- REAL. Size, Ifl inches. THE battle of Millesimo, on account of which victory this medal was struck, being the second in which Bonaparte was engaged after being appointed to the chief command, and being so closely connected with the battle of Montenotte, we conceive we cannot do better than continue the operations of the army after that battle, in explanation of this. Beaulieu was yet able to send assistance from his right wing to the left of the Austro-Sardinian army. Bonaparte changed his head-quarters to Carcara on the 12th, and ordered General Laharpe to march to Sozello, in order to threaten the eight battalions of the enemy stationed there, and on the day following, by a rapid and concealed march, to get to the town of Cairo, while General Massena was to gain the heights of Dego, at the time that the Generals Menaud and Joubert occu- pied one of the heights of Biestro, and the other the position of St. Marguerite. This movement following the battle of Montenotte, placed the French army on the other side of the Alps. General Augereau forced Millesimo, while the Gene- rals Menaud and Joubert drove the enemy from all their posts, and surrounded a corps of 1500 Austrian grena- diers, commanded by Lieut-General Povera, a knight of the order of Maria Theresa, who gallantly retired to the mountain of Cossaria, and entrenched himself in an old castle, extremely strong on account of its position. Augereau ordered his artillery to advance, when a can- nonade was kept up for several hours. In the course of the day, Bonaparte, vexed at finding his march checked by a handful of men, ordered General Povera to be summoned to surrender. He requested to speak with the Commander-in-Chief, but a lively cannonade commencing on the right wing of the French, hindered him from going to Povera, who then entered into treaty with General Augereau, which lasted for several hours without coming to a conclusion : Augereau at length formed his men into four columns, and advanced against the castle. Joubert entered the enemy's works with only seven men; when, being wounded in the head, he fell to the ground : his soldiers thinking him killed, his column relaxed. The second column, under General Banel, advanced in silence, when the General was killed. The third column, under Adjutant-General Quenin, who was also killed, was in like manner disconcerted. Night approaching, Bonaparte fearing the enemy would attempt to make their way sword in hand, made dispositions to prevent them. Next morning the hostile armies faced each other. The French left, under Augereau, kept General Povera blockaded. Several of the enemy's regiments strove to penetrate the center of the French, but were repulsed by General Menaud, who was then ordered to fall back on the right wing. Before noon General Massena ex- tended his line beyond the enemy's left, which occupied the village of Dego, strongly entrenched. The French pushed their light troops as far as the road leading from Dego to Spino. General Laharpe's division marched in three close columns ; the one on his left, under Gene- ral Causse, crossed the Bormida, and attacked the right of the enemy's left wing ; General Cervoni, with the second column, also passed the Bormida, covered by one of the French batteries, and advanced against the enemy ; while the third column, under Adjutant- General Boyer, turned a ravine, and cut off their retreat. The enemy had not time to capitulate ; and the French co- lumns, spreading terror and death, put them to the route. General Povera, with the corps he commanded - 6 at Cossaria, surrendered prisoners of war. By this victory the French acquired from 7 to 9000 prisoners, and the enemy had near 3000 killed on the field. On the 15th, Beaulieu, with the flower of his army, attacked the village of Dego and carried it. Massena, when he had formed part of his troops, began the at- tack, but was repulsed in three attempts. General Causse was not more fortunate ; he attacked the enemy, and was on the point of charging with the bayonet, when he fell, mortally wounded. In this situation, ob- serving General Bonaparte, he collected his strength, and asked him if Dego was retaken ; " The posts are our's," replied the General. Then said Causse, " Vive la Republique ! I die content." The affair, however, was not yet decided, and it was already two o'clock in the afternoon. Bonaparte ordered a demi-brigade to form under General Victor, whilst Adjutant- General Lasnes rallying a demi-brigade of light infantry, threw himself on the enemy's left. These movements carried Dego ; the cavalry completed the route of the enemy, who left 600 dead and 1400 prisoners. General Rusca took the post of San Giovanni, which commands the valley of Bormida. General Augereau, having drove the enemy from the redoubts of Montezemo, commu- nicated with the valley of Tanaro, which the division of Serrurier had already occupied. The Directory, in their dispatches to Bonaparte, ex- pressed themselves thus : " To-day, General," said they, " receive the tribute of national gratitude ; merit it more and more, and prove to Europe, that Beaulieu, by changing the scene of action, has not changed hig opponent ; that, beaten in the North, he shall be con- itantly defeated by the brave Army of Italy ; and that with such defenders, liberty shall triumph over the im- potent efforts of the enemies of the Republic." No. III. BATAILLE DE CASTIGL1ONE. On the field of this medal, are represented three naked Combatants, one of which lies dead on the ground, over the body of ivhich the other two are in close combat. Legend, BATAILLE c? ' DE CASTIGLIONE, COMBAT DE PESCHIERA. Exergue, name of the artist, LAVY. Reverse A laurel wreath, with two antique trumpets saltier; above the tvreath, on the field, A L'ARMEE D'ITALIE : below the wreath, LOI DU 27 THERMIDOR, AN 4 ME> REP. Size, Hi inches. THE accounts of the Battle of Castiglione, which we have met with state?, that the successes of Wurmser, who had succeeded General Beaulieu, had placed the French armies in a very delicate situation. On the 1st August, the army advanced, while the Austrians de- tached a force to Castiglione, where General Valette had been left with 1800 men to defend that important post, and to keep the division of Wurmser at a dis- tance ; but Valette was completely defeated, and es- caped with only half his troops to Monte Chiaro. 8 Bonaparte, vexed by the issue of this affair, instantly suspended General Valette. The two armies faced each other on the morning of the third, the Imperialists, not waiting the attack of the French, surrounded the advanced guard of General Massena, near Castiglione, and took General Pigeon prisoner, with three pieces of flying artillery. The French had hopes of penetrating the Austrian line, and the latter extended it, in order to surround the French; the Imperialists were thrown into disorder, and retreated to Salo; but, that place being then in the hands of the French, they wandered through the mountains, and many of them were taken. Meantime, General Augereau took Castiglione, and, during the day, maintained several obstinate actions with the enemy, who fought with great bravery and courage. Bonaparte, being satisfied of the destruction of all the hostile corps from Gavardo and Salo, on the 5th August, ordered the whole army to make a retrograde movement. 9 No. IV. REDDITION DE MANTOUE. Obverse An armed Warrior in Roman Cos- tume, receiving the keys of Mantua from the Genius of the City, represented allegorically by a female with a turretted Crotvn on her head: in the back-ground, a view of the Aqueduct Bridge, and part of the Citadel of Mantua: under the left foot of the Warrior, the Artist's name, LAVY. Exergue, RED- DITION DE MANTOUE. Reverse on the top of the field a laurel wreath, under which, A L'AKMEE D'ITALIE VICTORIEUSE. Beneath, the thunderbolt of Jove, ivith LOI DU 24 PLUVIOSE, AN 5 ME - R. Size, JH inches. AFTER the action of Borghetto, the passage of the Mincio, the taking of Peschiera, and the flight of the Austrians into the Tyrol, Bonaparte immediately in- vested Mantua, which required from its strength a formal siege, and at that time they had few means wherewith to undertake it ; however, it was warmly pressed forward, the garrison made a most gallant resistance, about 4000 men, on the 16th July, sallied from two of the gates, and drove in all the advanced posts of the French, and retreated into the city. After various successes, General Berthier summoned the governor to surrender, observing, that as he was c 10 attacked on all sides, he could not long defend the town, and, that an ill-judged obstinacy would entirely ruin the unfortunate city ; the laws of war, therefore, prescribed to him to surrender it, and if not done, de- nouncing on him and the garrison all the Republican vengeance. The Count Canto D'Irles, general com- mandant, answered : " That the laws of honour and of duty compelled him to defend the city entrusted to his command." Field Marshal Wurmser directed a column towards Salo, from which place, and from Brescia, he dislodged the French, whilst another division of his army com- pelled them to evacuate Verona, and raise the siege of Mantua; the garrison destroyed the works of the French, and carried into the place 140 pieces of heavy artillery, which they had left in their trenches, with provisions for a considerable period. After some very obstinate encounters, the blockade of Mantua was again commenced by the division of General Sahuguet, and the retreat of the French armies from Germany, left Bonaparte without hope of any movement in his favour in the Tyrol, which he ex- pected from Moreau; having completed his arrange- ments for the campaign in Italy, he prepared to frus- trate the attempts that the Austrians were making to preserve Mantua. After the battle of Arcola, in which the French were victorious, Bonaparte wrote to the director Carnot, and expressed his hope of being able in ten days to address him from Mantua, A sortie was made from Mantua on the 23rd, but General Kilmaine obliged the troops to return, and took 200 men, a howitzer, and two pieces of cannon. 11 Marshal Wurmser commanded in person ; it was the third time he had made a sally, and each time with in- different success. Mantua was now reduced to the last extremity, as the garrison fed only on horse-flesh, whilst Bonaparte, relying on its surrender, was occupied with his corres- pondence, and in preparing for the ensuing campaign. Many attempts were made by the Austrians to relieve Mantua, and favour the escape of Wurmser from the garrison, but the vigilance of Bonaparte frustrated these intentions. The gallant but unfortunate Wurmser had often sal- lied, but had always been overcome; yet his valour gained him the admiration of the enemy he fought with ; the siege which he sustained is said to have cost the Emperor 22,000, and the French 24,000 men, and at last was abandoned through the pressure of famine and disease. On the 2nd of February, 1797, a conference was held between Generals Serrurier and Wurmser to settle the articles of capitulation, when it appeared that the hospitals were crowded with sick, and all the horses were devoured by that part of the garrison who had survived the dreadful conflicts without, and the horrors within the walls. On this occasion, Bonaparte shewed the generosity of a soldier towards Marshal Wurmser, a veteran, seventy years of age, who, after losing the greater part of his army, and the country of the Tyrol, conceived the project of taking refuge in Mantua, though distant from it five days' march, and who at- tained this object in spite of the efforts of Bonaparte to prevent him. The Citadel was taken possession of on the 3rd of February : the Austrians marched out with the honours 12 of war, but became prisoners. General Wurmser was exempted, with his whole suite ; the general officers, the etat-major, and whoever else the brave veteran thought proper to nominate. He was allowed 100 cavalry, six pieces of cannon, with their waggons, and 500 persons of his own chusing : the 700 men who accompanied him were bound not to act in a hostile manner against the French Republic for three months. News of this surrender was heard with the most lively joy at Paris, and the constituted authorities used every means to give eclat to the event. No. V. CAPITULATION DE MANTOUE. The medal commemorating this event, bears on the obverse, the head of Virgil. Legend, VIRGILIUS MARO. Exergue, DENON. D Ti On base of the bust the artist's name, E. GAT- TEAUX F. Reverse A turretted crown, underneath, a Swan, emblematic of the Hard's sweet verse. Legend, CAPITULATION DE MANTOUE, XXX JANVIER MDCCXCVII. Size, If inches. THR Village of Pietola is the ancient spot of Andes, where Virgil was born, and was formerly part of the liberalities of Augustus. It had probably suffered equally during the siege of Mantua, as in the wars of 13 the Triumvirate ; but the conqueror of Italy was no less desirous of fame than Augustus : Virjjil was in his o o recollection ; and Bonaparte gave orders, that the ancient patrimony of the Mantuan bard should be dis- tinguished, and that its inhabitants should be indem- nified for all the losses they had sustained by the war. No. VI. PASSAGE DU TAGLIAMENTO. This medal teas struck on the battle and pas- sage of the river Tagliamento, and taking of Trieste. The obverse represents in the fore- ground a river-god reclining with his urn, allegorical of the spring of the Tagliamento. In the back-ground, the General is seen on horseback, heading a column of troops, who are tvading the ford of the river up to their middle ; before them are seen an army in retreat. On the right the Artist's name, LAVY. Exergue, PASSAGE DU TAGLIAMENTO, PRISE DE TRIESTE. Reverse, ivithin a laurel wreath, A L'ARMEE D'ITALIE. Legend, LOI DU 15 GERMINAL, AN 5 MEl DE LA REP. Size, inches. ON the 16th of March, Bonaparte had united his whole army on the banks of the river Tagliamento, on 14 the opposite side of which the Archduke Charles had posted his army, for the purpose of defending the pas- sage of the river. The position was undoubtedly strong, and it was also well chosen, being the last defence against the advance of the French into an extensive track of level country, which they might overrun with the greatest facility : it is not, therefore, surprising that the possession of this river was an object of the first solicitude to the youthful and rival Generals. By mid-day of the 16th, Napoleon advanced to the attack, heading the centre himself, with the intention of assailing the Austrians in front, whilst his right and left, under the fire of a numerous artillery, should cross on the Austrian flanks, in the hope of attacking and turning them. The Archduke, aware of the intentions of his oppo- nent, had drawn up his small force with great judg- ment, having disposed both his cavalry and infantry in such a manner as mutually to defend and protect each other; but his artillery were few, and totally unequal to the service required : it is not surprising, therefore, although the Austrians fought a long time with the greatest steadiness and resolution, that the French should succeed in passing the river on the various points of attack, though exposed, as they formed, to repeated charges from the Archduke's army ; in fact, it was owing entirely to the superiority of the French artillery, that the Austriaus were so completely beaten, notwithstanding all the exertions of their officers, (upon whom the loss greatly fell,) that when once broken, they could not be rallied again to any purpose; so that, although the Archduke, guarding against the possibility 15 of defeat, had marked out a most advantageous post, at a strong position, where he might maintain his ground for the night, even with a broken army, and perhaps renew the combat, with some probability of success, in the ensuing morning; yet so disheartened were his troops, that they were unable to withstand a second assault, made with unexampled rapidity, on the night of the battle, in a most stormy and tempestuous season, so that the route was so complete, as to put the Archduke himself in some danger for his own personal safety. 16 No. VII. TRAITE DE CAMPO FORMIO. Obverse The head of General Bonaparte; his hair long en queue, his coat embroidered with laurel leaves. Legend, BONAPARTE GEN AL ' EN CHEF DE I/ARMEE FRANC/ 5 *' EN ITALIE. On base of the bust, the name of the Artist, B. DUVIVIER F. Exergue, OFFERT A L'IN- STITUT NATION. PAR B. DUVIVIER, A PARIS. Reverse the General on horseback, head uncovered, holding in his right hand a branch of olive, conducted by the goddesses, Virtus, or Virtue, and Prudence (or Minerva); the latter leads the horse of the General by the reins ; on the right a fortress is seen ; Victory on wing is hovering behind him ; in her right hand a laurel ivreath, which she holds over his head; in her left she carries the statue of the Apollo Belvidere. Legend, LES SCI- ENCES ET LES ARTS RECONNAISSANTS. On the ground, B. DUV. Exergue, PAIX SIGNEE L'AN (5 REP. FR. Size, 2? inches. FROM preliminaries, signed at Leoben, a definitive treaty was ratified between the Emperor and the French Republic, on the 17th of October, at Campo Formio ; the Emperor gave up all claim to the low countries, 17 which were to become a part of France, and to its pos- sessions in Italy, which were to form the Cisalpine Re- public : in return, Bonaparte gave to the Emperor the states lately the Republic of Venice. Many differences yet remained to be adjusted between France and the German princes and states ; and to settle these points, the treaty of Campo Formio provided that a congress should be held at Rastadt, consisting of plenipotentia- ries from the different powers : upon this congress much of the welfare of Europe depended, and moderate men looked up to it with much anxiety. No. VI 1. CONQUETE DE LA BASSE EGYPT. A medal, commemorating the conquest of Lower Egypt. It represents an allegorical figure of the river Nile, ivith its tributary streams, re- presented by children, one of which plays ivith a crocodile: on the right the Sphinx, and the allegorical figure of Fecundity, which he supports in his left arm ; in his right hand he holds a sheaf of corn. On the left the name of the artist, BRENET. Exergue, CONQUETE DE LA BASSE EGYPTE AN VII. Reverse a vietV of the Pyramids. Exergue, DENON DIR. G. DU. MUSEE c. D. ARTS. BRENET. Size, 1 1% inches. THE figure of the Nile on this medal is taken from the beautiful antique in black marble in the Vatican at Rome: in the original there are sixteen children, sup- posed to denote the number of cubits which the Nile rose; but Denon in this medal has reduced them to seven, to denote its tributary streams. No. IX. CONQUETE DE LA HAUTE EGYPT. A Medal struck for commemorating the Con- quest of Upper Egypt. On the obverse, a bust of the antique statue of Memnon. On the top of the head lies a snake uncoiled, erecting his head in the front. Legend, CONQUETE DE LA HAUTE EGYPTE AN VII. Ex- ergue, GALLE F. Reverse a palm tree, with wide spreading branches, to which is chained a crocodile, on the right, GALLE. Exergue, DENON DIREXIT. Size, If inches. 19 No. X. L'EGYPT CONQUISE. A. medal struck to perpetuate the total conquest of Egypt. Obverse bust of General Bona- parte, three-quarter face, crowned ivith a wreath of the flowers of the lotus ; on the base of the neck of the bust, j. JOUANNIN F. DENON D. Reverse a triumphal chariot, on the side of which are suspended two Egyp- tian quivers with arrows ; one full, the other nearly empty. The conqueror stands erect in the chariot, cloathed in Roman costume. Victory on iving, is approaching' with a palm branch in one hand, and in the other an olive wreath, which she holds out towards him. The car is drawn by two camels, richly capa- risoned, with Egyptian ornaments; they ap- pear to be passing between Cleopatra s needle in the fore, and Pompeys pillar in the back-ground. Exergue, L'EGYPTE CONQUISE MDCCXCVIII. BRENET F. DENON D. Size, 1 f inches. THE preceding three medals relating to Bonaparte's expedition to Egypt sufficiently elucidate themselves : the first being struck to commemorate the conquest of Lower Egypt ; the second, the conquest of Upper Egypt: and the third the conquest of the whole country. From 20 our confined limits we can only take a general view of the expedition, and the expected result by the Directory and the French nation. Our territorial and commercial greatness in the East Indies, had long been the envy of France, even during the reign of the Bourbons, and every art had been made use of to entangle the native governments of that country in constant hostilities with Great Britain. In these views Hyder Ally, who had usurped the throne and territory of Mysore, entertained a simi- lar hatred to the English, from obstacles which their power opposed to his enterprising schemes. An alliance between France and Hyder obliged the English to be constantly on the alert in the East Indies ; and though the British arms were triumphant in every contest, the danger increased with the progress of time, inasmuch as the French officers and engineers instructed their allies in all the mysteries of European tactics. Tippoo Saib, son and successor to Hyder, evinced the same dislike and attachment that his father had possess- ed ; and having been severely beaten by the English just before the war, which took place with the Republic of France, thought that likely to afford him an oppor- tunity of gratifying his resentment : mutual convenience drew the two powers together, and the army of Tippoo Sultan was officered by Frenchmen. The designs of Tippoo were not doubted ; but occupied as France was with the combined powers of Europe, she could spare no force to co-operate with him. When the continental war finished, this difficulty WAS removed; but the supe- riority of the British Navy, whose flag now rode trium- phant in every sea, created another. France had resolved to attack the British possessions 21 in India, and the enterprising spirit of Bonaparte was suited to the hazard of the undertaking ; it was resolv- ed to seize upon the territory of Egypt, that by moving the commerce of the East through the Red Sea, the new French colony should become the grand mart, where all Europe might be supplied with Indian articles cheaper than they could be rendered by the English; while as a military post, it could at all times transport auxiliaries to the coast of Coromandel. This plan was imparted to Tippoo, and the government in India knew it nearly as soon as it was known in London. It was the expedition to Egypt that the Directory and General Bonaparte were preparing, whilst they masked their designs under the appearance of organizing an army of England, to co-operate with the united Irish- men ; although the object was concealed with so much address, that it was doubtful, after it was known that Malta had been captured by the expedition, whether the General might not even from thence bend his course for Ireland. When the British Government had most to fear from the Irish Insurrection, and when it was obliged to guard every French port on the Western Ocean, that division of the army of England cantoned in the southern ports, put to sea from the port of Toulon, under the command of Bo- naparte, on the 20th May, 1798, who was on board the 1'Orient of 120 guns, bearing the flag of Admiral Bruyes, who was to take the command of the fleet then assembling from the different Ports of France, which was to consist of thirteen sail of the line, besides four frigates, and near four hundred transports. On board this fleet was an army of 40,000 men, and a vast number of adventurers who associated their fate with this expedition, without 22 knowing more of it than that Bonaparte was at its head. On the first of July, he wrote to the commander of the Caraval at Alexandria, stating : " that the Beys had loaded the French merchants with exactions, and that he was come to demand reparation. I shall be at Alexan- dria to-morrow ; but this ought not to alarm you. You are a subject of our great friend the Sultan ; conduct yourself accordingly ; but, if you commit the slightest act of hostility against the French Army, I shall treat you as an enemy, and you will have no one to blame for it but yourself, for such a thing is far from my intention, and from my heart. Yours, BONAPARTE." The same evening the General-in-chief made arrange- ments for landing, and fixed on the point at Marabou as the spot; he ordered the fleet to anchor as near the point as possible ; but two ships of war in prepar- ing to execute this ran foul of the Admiral's ship, which caused the order to be countermanded, and the arma- ment remained at its then situation. They were at a dis- tance of about three leagues from the shore, the wind was northerly, and blew with violence, and the de- barkation was equally perilous and difficult; the sea was covered with boats, which stemmed the impetuosity of the waves and currents. The pinnace with Bona- parte approached the nearest breakers, whence the entrance to the creek of Marabou was discovered ; he waited for those boats that were to join him, but they did not arrive till after sun-set, and could not therefore during the night penetrate the ledge of breakers. Early 23 in the morning, the general-in-chief landed at the head of the foremost troops, who formed with the greatest promptitude in the desert, about three leagues from Alexandria. After some slight skirmishes, he ad- vanced and invested Alexandria, where he established himself on the evening of the same day, by a capitu- lation of the city and fortress. It was now found necessary to march without delay against the Mamelukes, before they could arrange a system of attack or defence ; and Bonaparte ordered Desaix to take two field-pieces, and proceed immedi- ately towards Cairo. That General accordingly on the 6th, arrived at Demenhur, after being harassed on his march by the Arabs to a great degree ; no one could stir from their columns; Desaix himself was nearly taken prisoner when not more than fifty paces in the rear. The Mamelukes presented themselves in front of the army ; then retired, as certain of victory, and ceased to harass a march which, under a burning sun, gave nothing but hunger and thirst. The soldiers cried for bread, while the dazzling sun-beams playing on a sandy soil, displayed such a resemblance to water, as to deceive, not only the stranger, but those who had before witnessed a similar delusion. Such were the auspices under which the conquest of Upper and Lower Egypt was effected, to commemorate which, these three medals were struck by order of the govern- ment of France. No. XI. RETOUR A FREJUS. A medal commemorating the return of the com- mander-in-chief of the army of Egypt to France; the obverse simply represents the naked Roman Penate, designated Sonus Eventus, or the God of Good Fortune, evi- dently alluding to an expression of Bonaparte, when he addressed himself after his arrival at Frejus, to the Consuls of the Republic, " Though the seas were covered with British cruisers, yet he attributes his escape to his good fortune" Legend, BONUS EVENTUS. Exergue, GALLE F. Reverse the two fri- gates which conducted him and his suite from Egypt, in full sail; at a distance, several cruisers. Legend, DEMON D. GALLE F. Ex- ergue, ARRIVEE A FREJUS, XVII VEND RK ' AN viii. Size, IT* inches. AFTER the battle at Aboukir, in which Mustapha Pacha was taken prisoner, the garrison of Aboukir surrendered at discretion, Bonaparte found himself in a predicament which, with all his foresight, he had not provided for. Though this victory had a direct ten- dency to establish the French dominion in Egypt, 25 by shewing the dreadful consequences of opposing them ; yet the French were rapidly wasting, and as they had no means of recruiting their strength, a vic- tory which cost a few hundreds of men was equal to a defeat ; and he could not strengthen one frontier with- out weakening another. From the prisoners taken at Aboukir, he learned the English had penetrated his design of co-operating with Tippoo, and also the overthrow and death of that monarch, by which the power of France in the East Indies was perfectly annihilated. Egypt now lost its value, and the mind of Bonaparte retired within itself; he looked upon none as friends, but those who soothed him with flat- tery. Berthier and Menou seemed to have most of his confidence. It was easy to see that he was conscious of having failed, and he secretly meditated his return to France : he collected a few of his most obsequious fol- lowers, and quitted Egypt in their company, without giving any notice of his design to the army. When he had finally resolved to return to France, Bonaparte ordered Admiral Ganteaume to get ready for sea the two frigates that lay at Alexandria : General Menou knew the secret just time enough to inform the persons who were to be of the party, to be ready to attend the General ; and on the 23d of August, at one o'clock, says Denon, we were told that Bonaparte waited in the road: an hour after, we were at sea, leaving an address to the army, enclosed in a letter to General Kleber, annexed to which he sends the order for him to take the command, with instructions for his future government. Kleber appears to have felt much indignation that Bonaparte should try to dupe him and the French 26 nation, by ascribing his departure to honourable motives. Kleber's letter is addressed to the Directory, and is an interesting picture at the time of the desertion of Na- poleon. It may appear extraordinary, that when it was sup- posed the British government kept all the ports of Egypt closely blockaded, Bonaparte should have ven- tured upon so dangerous a voyage. It is much more surprising to find, that in such a look out, he could put to sea unobserved, and traverse the Mediterranean without being met by one single vessel belonging to a nation which spent that year an immense sum to pur- chase the sovereignty of the seas : the British Ad- miralty was charged with neglect, on account of hi* escape, but Bonaparte himself attributed it to his good fortune. It is alleged that he sometimes played and laughed with his companions, and also amused himself with geo- metry and chemistry on board ship. On arriving off the coast of Corsica, a storm forced the vessel to enter Ajaccio, the town of his birth, where the reception he met with was precisely what the eclat of his victories was calculated to procure. At Corsica he heard of the calamities that France had suffered, and set sail for the French coast, of which he was within sight, when some English ships were discovered : the topmasts were lowered, to escape observation, and they proposed to return to Corsica ; but Bonaparte insisted upon making for the coast of Provence, where he arrived in the midst of an astonished multitude, who were only convinced of the reality, when they beheld him in the bosom of their encircling crowds. When the di- rectory were informed that he had landed at Frejus 27 from Egypt, they communicated the general's arrival to the two councils, who received the message with cries of Vive la Republique ! He remained at Frejus one hour, waiting only for a carriage to take him to Paris, where he arrived on the 16th October; hailed during his journey, with the cry of peace! peace! as if the nation longed for that blessing only. No. XII. PASSAGE DU GRAND SAINT BER- NARD. Obverse Victory guiding two horses harnessed to a piece of artillery, which they appear to be dragging over the rugged mountain. Ex- ergue, L'ARMEE FRANCHISE PASSE LE ST. BER- NARD, XXVIII FLOREAL, AN VIII. MDCCC. DUBOISF. DENOND. Reverse A ring, on which are suspended eleven keys ; on each side a palm branch encircling them. Legend t BATAILLE DE MARENGO. Exergue, XXV PRAIRIAL, AN viii. MDCCC. Size, l^s inches. WHEN the campaign was opened on the Rhine, the army of reserve began its march from Dijon ; the go- vernment announced it to be at that time 50,000 strong, and receiving reinforcements every day. The chief Consul arrived at Dijon and reviewed the army. He promised his troops at Dijon, that in two decades he would lead them to Milan. He performed his journey 28 from Paris to Dijon in twenty-five hours, and imme- diately sent an account of his arrival to the second and third Consuls at Paris. Before the allies even knew of his departure he was in the Valais, at the house of con- valescence, belonging to the Monks of St. Bernard, there he continued three days, and made himself ac- quainted with all the local obstacles that he had to sur- mount. From mount St. Bernard the army began to meet with difficulties, which might have been thought insur- mountable, but enthusiasm conquered them all. They had to draw their artillery along narrow paths, in many places almost perpendicular ; and over mountains of snow ; a very small force would have arrested their progress, but they met no opposition. They reached St. Peter near the great mountain St. Bernard, on the 15th May, General Berthier acting as Bonaparte's lieutenant. The whole park of artillery was collected there. The mountain they had to pass over was 1800 feet above the level of the sea ; all wild and barren, a vast extent of snow and ice, mingled with a terrific silence. Over this frightful mountain the mind of Bonaparte conceived the possibility of passing his army with all its artillery, baggage, &c. Obstacles almost invincible presented themselves, but all was foreseen by the genius who conceived the enterprise, and contrived every thing to carry it into execution. The cannon, caissons, forges, &c. were immediately dismounted piece-meal ; anumber of trees were hollowed like troughs, in which the pieces of cannon might safely slide, and five or six hundred men drew them up these tremendous heights ; the wheels were carried on poles ; sledges conveyed the axle-trees; and empty caissons 29 and mules were loaded with the ammunition boxes, made of fir. The Consul took no more baggage than was ab- solutely necessary. It took five hours to climb as high as the Monastery of the Bernardines, where every in- dividual was refreshed by a glass of wine; this though frozen, was to them delicious, and no one would have exchanged it for all the gold of Peru. There were still six leagues to go, and the rapidity of the descent made that distance truly terrible; men and horses con- stantly falling, and often recovering with the greatest difficulty. Bonaparte entered the Monastery, and staid about an hour; and on leaving it, exhorted these respectable hermits to continue to deserve well of humanity. His mules and horses were in the train ; he entered a path which some infantry pursued, the descent was so steep, that he was forced to slide down above two hundred feet on his derriere end, and was nearly swallowed up by coming into contact with a collection of thawed snow ; the holes into which the soldiers constantly fell, made this part of the journey worse than the ascend- ing; the march commenced at midnight, and did not finish till about nine o'clock the next evening; for near fourteen leagues the army had scarcely had a meal, or any repose, yet at the end of the journey, exhausted na- ture so overcame even the most robust amongst them, that they quietly resigned themselves into the arms of Mor- pheus, without ever thinking of their evening repast. Before the Consul ascended the mountain steep, he addressed a letter to his brother Lucien, then minister of the int n rior, which reached Paris on the 23rd of May, He there stated, that he was at the foot of the great Alps, in the midstof the Valais. The great Si. Bernard offered many obstacles, but they are surmounted ; the army is descending by forced marches, and in three days all will be over. No. XIII. BATAILLE DE MAKENGO. The great battle of Marengo was perpetuated by this medal. Obverse head of Bonaparte as first Consul. On the margin a laurel wreath encircles the field ; within which the legend, BONAPARTE PREMIER CONSUL DE LA REP. FRANCE. Exergue, BATAILLE DE MARENGO. 25 ET 26 PRAIRIAL, AN 8. H. AUGUSTE. Reverse On the field of the medal, LE PREMIER CONSUL COMMANDANT L'ARMEE DE RESERVE EN PERSONNE. ENFANS RAPELLEZ-VOUS QUE MON HABITUDE EST DE COUCHER SUR LE CHAMP DE BATAILLE. Size, 2 inches. AFTER the capitulation and surrenderor Genoa, by Massena, the Austrian general Melas advanced the di- visions of his army to secure the fortresses not yet sur- rendered : the Austrian head-quarters were at Alexan- dria, and the commandant of Turin was ordered to attack general Turreau. General Kaim was repulsed with loss, and the French general took up a position nearer to Turin. 31 The French head-quarters were removed to Voghera, which the army passed through on its way to Tortona, and took up a position round Tortona to blockade it by divisions; the advance-guard quietly went round the town, and passed without any thing remarkable having taken place. If the Austrian commander was doubtful as to what line of conduct he ought to pursue, this was his time to determine, the possession of Genoa gave him choice either to fight, or shut himself up in the garrison he held ; and he should not have forgotten that so long as he held Genoa, his army had a retreat from the port, and to have kept the communication open with that city should have been his chief concern. The French fought for Genoa from a knowledge of its value, and Bonaparte hastened to derive advantage from the neglect of the Austrians; he ordered the banks of the Po opposite Valenza to be guarded, lest he should escape that way ; and the passes between Pied- mont and Genoa to be gained. Massena and Suchet were rapidly advancing to annoy the rear of the Aus- trians, and the Consul in his letter to the inferior Con- suls, does not seem ignorant of the movements in his favour by the army of Italy. The French army understood that Melas had eva- cuated Turin, and was advancing to meet them with 60,000 men. General Gardanne retired to take post at Marengo, on the plain of which his great body of cavalry would be of much service. The Consul Bonaparte skirted Marengo, and was seen examining the ground with attention, by turns me- ditating and giving orders. The army passed that night at St. Julian's at the entrance of the plain of Marengo : on the morning of 32 the 14th June, some discharges of cannon roused them from their repose; all was soon in readiness. Gardanne was attacked at seven o'clock ; the enemy shewed much vigor of preparation ; a few weak points were touched on, but his intentions were unknown till late in the morning. Berthier was first in the field, and wounded soldiers arriving, owned that the Austrians were in force. General Victor's division was drawn up in order of battle. General Lasnes' division formed the right wing. The French army was in two lines, and the cavalry supported its wings. The Consul Bonaparte, about eleven o'clock, has- tened to the field of battle. General Desaix was ordered to support Victor. The Austrians were careful of their position near the bridge, on the Bormida ; but the principal point of action was at St. Stefano, from hence they could cut off the retreat of the French, and they gave their attention to this point. The division under Victor began to give way, and many corps of cavalry and infantry were drove back. The firing came nearer, and a sudden and dreadful discharge was heard on the Bormida ; the French were soon after seen retreating, carrying the wounded on their shoulders, and the Austrians gained upon them. Bonaparte advanced, and urged all he met with ; his presence encouraged them ; bis own guards no longer continued about his person, but near him shared in the battle. The grenadiers of the consular guard advanced against the enemy : although they were only about 500 men, they still advanced, and forced every thing in their passage ; they were three times charged by the enemies' cavalry ; they surrounded their colours and wounded, 33 and having exhausted all their ammunition, they then slowly fell back, and joined the rear guard. The army fought retreating in all directions ; the Austrians turned the right wing, the garrison of Ton- tona made a sortie, and the French were thus sru> rounded. The Consul, in the centre, encouraged the gallant corps that defended the defile which crossed the road, shut up on one side by a wood, and on the other by some thick vineyards of lofty growth ; the village of Marengo was on the left. The French artillery, the few that remained of them, had but little ammunition left. Thirty pieces of cannon, well served by the enemy, cut up the French army. In the midst of this slaughter, the Consul appeared to brave death. The ground was ploughed up by the enemies shot, even between the legs of his horse ; but undaunted and with the great- est coolness, he gave his orders as events required : he was urged to retire, but discovered no change. Marengo seemed the prize for which both parties contended. Gardanne flanked the corps going to attack it; the Austrians for a moment gave way, but being reinforced, marched on. General Kellerman, the younger, supported the left ; a regiment of dragoons routed a column of Austrian cavalry, but was charged by superior numbers, and was giving way, when two more columns advanced to his as* sistance, and took 100 prisoners. The Consul being informed that the reserve of Ge- neral Desaix was not yet arrived, hastened to the division of General Lasnes to slacken its retreat : he tells them it was his practice to sleep on the field of battle. The enemy, however, advanced; the retreat F 34 was absolutely necessary, which took place in good order, though eighty pieces of cannon were playing on them : this did not annoy the firmness of the French, they manoeuvred as though they were on a parade. At four o'clock in the afternoon, not more than 6000 infantry stood to their colours, and six pieces of cannon only could be made use of; one-third of the army was unable to combat, and more than another third was occu- pied in removing the sick and wounded, owing to the want of carriages. Every circumstance was eminently discouraging to the French army, but their fortitude and courage changed their situation in the course of two hours afterwards. The divisions of Mounier and Desaix shewed them- selves ; they arrived on a gallop, after a forced march of ten leagues, anxious to avenge their fallen comrades. The crowd of dead and wounded might well have damped their ardour, but one opinion only reigned among them, and they rushed on to glory. General Melas, being ignorant of what passed in the French line, and also ignorant of the reinforcements that had timely arrived to their succour, changed that disposition which had given him success, and which it was his interest as well as duty to have followed up. He extended his wings, thinking, by this manoeuvre, to have cut the enemy off, but it only brought on his own disaster. Bonaparte, whom nothing escaped, seized on this favorable opportunity, and altered his plan ac- cordingly. When Desaix reached the heights, the Consul, the Generals, and the Staff went through the ranks in- spiring confidence. This took up near an hour, while the Austrian artillery was bearing upon their ranks, and 35 iBany were thus killed without moving, except to cover their comrades' dead bodies. The signal for charging was at length heard. Desaix, at the head of a light battalion, threw himself upon the Austrians, and charged with the bayonet: all the French were in motion at once, in two lines, their fire carried every thing before it; the enemy were in every position overthrown. The French line now presented a for- midable front ; as quick as the cannon was brought p, they made dreadful havoc among the affrighted Austrians; they fell back, and their cavalry charged with fury ; a powder waggon blew up, and their alarm increased ; in fact, all gave way and fled. The French cavalry rushed into the plain, and ad- vanced towards the enemy. Desaix trampled on all obstacles which opposed him. Victor carried Marengo, and flew towards the Bormida. The centre, under Murat, advanced into the plain; he much annoyed the Austrian centre, and kept a great body of cavalry in check. Desaix cut off the left wing of the Austrians completely, and in the moment of his victory received a mortal wound. General Kellerman made 6000 prisoners, with two Generals and Officers of the Staff. Night coming on, the Austrians were all in disorder ; all crouded together near the centre, and many were thrown into the river, off the bridge ; their artillery intercepted their retreat. The third line of Austrian cavalry wishing to save the infantry, came up ; a ditch separated the combat- ants; the French crossed it, and immediately sur- rounded the two first platoons. The Austrians were thrown into disorder ; the pursuit continued, and they made a great many prisoners ; the Austrian rear guard was cut to pieces. Night setting in, and the extreme fatigue of the horses, made Murat determine not to expose his troops more after so successful a day's work. The armies had been fourteen hours within musket- shot of each other, and wanted rest. Victory waved on each side four times during the day, and sixty pieces of cannon were alternately won and lost. When the battle ended, the French had taken twelve standards, twenty-six pieces of cannon, and 7000 prisoners. The Austrians lost seven generals, 400 officers, and 8000 men killed or wounded. The French lost Generals Desaix and Watrin killed, four Generals of Brigade wounded, and 3000 men killed, wounded, and pri- soners. The French army, when the battle commenced, was reckoned at about 45,000 strong, with about thirty pieces of artillery. The Austrian army was from 55 to 60,000 men, including near 18,000 cavalry, and an immense train of artillery well provided. 37 No. XIV. MORT DU GENERAL DESAIX. Obverse Head of the General; the field en- circled with a laurel wreath round the mar- gin ; within which the Legend, L S- CH. ANT E * DESAIX NE A AYAT EN AOUT, 1768. On the base of the bust, the name of the artist, BRENET. Exergue, BATAILLE DE BIARENGO. 25 PRAIRIAL, AN 8. H. AUGUSTS. Reverse LE GENERAL DESAIX EST BLESSE A MORT : ALLEZ DIRE AU PREMIER CONSUL QUE j'EM- PORTE LE REGRET DE N'AVOIR PAS FAIT ASSEZ POUR VIVRE DANS LA POSTERITE. Size, 2 inches. THE death of this brave general took place at the battle of Marengo. He had, by a judicious manoeuvre, entirely cut off the left wing of the Austrian army ; and, at the instant of his triumph, (after saving the army by a rapid forced march of ten leagues) he fell, mortally wounded by a bullet through his head. When the news of his death was taken to the Consul, in the heat of the action, he exclaimed, " Why have 1 not time to weep ?" His death being universally lamented, gave fresh ardour to the army : to avenge it, they fell on the second line of Austrian infantry, who met them with great steadiness, and the victory was long held again in suspense. In the address of the Republic, sent by Carnot, on the subject of the battle of Ma- rengo, he there says, " All France deplores the loss of General Desaix, who is regretted by every good mind." 38 No. XV. COLONNE DEPARTMENTALE. Obverse Busts of the three Consuls in profile ; Bonaparte, Cambaceres, and Le JBrun. Le- gend, BONAPARTE PREMIER CONSUL. CAM- BACERES SEC D CONS 1 ". LE BRUN TROIS E CONS 1 " Under base of the bust of Napoleon,, the name of the artist, GATTEAUX. Exergue, CONSTI- TUTION DE LA REPUB. FRAN C * AN VIII. Re- verse On the field of the medal, COLONNE DEPARTEMENTALE LUCIEN BONAPARTE ETANT MINISTRE DE L'lNTERIEUR, N. TH. B. FROCHOT, PREFET DU DEP T * DE LA SEINE, A f TIT POSE LA P K " PIERRE LK XXV MESSIDOR, AN VIII. XI ANS APRES LE XIV JUILLET, MDCCLXXXIX. Legend, GUERRE DE LA LI- BERTE, LE DEPARTEMENT DE LA SEINE A SES BRAVES. Size, 2f inches. THIS medal commemorates the event of Lucien Bo- naparte, Prime Minister of the Interior, and N. TH. B. Frochot, prefect of the Department of the Seine, on their laying the foundation-stone of a departmental column sacred to liberty and war, and dedicated to the army. 39 No, XVI. COLONNE NATIONALE. Obverse Bust of the first Consul Bonaparte. Legend, over the head, BONAPARTE PREMIER CONSUL. Under the base of the bust, DUVI- VIER. Exergue, CAJVIBACERES SECOND CON- SUL, LE BRUN TROIS ME> CONSUL DE LA REPUB- LIQUE FRANCHISE. Reverse Legend, on the superior part of the medal, LE PEUPLE FRAN- AIS A SES DEFENSEURS. On the field, PRE- MIERE PIERRE DE LA COLONNE NATION 1 " POSEE PAR LUCIEN BONAPARTE, MINISTRE DE L'INTERIEUR, 25 MESSIDOR, AN 8, 14 JUILLET 1800. Size, THIS medal perpetuates the ceremony of laying the first stone of the national column by Lucien Bonaparte, brother of Napoleon, and president of the council of five hundred. This national column was intended to celebrate the chief epochas of the Revolution, and also the new restoration to order under the benign influence of the first Consul Napoleon Bonaparte and his colleagues. 40 No. XVII. LE QUAI DESAIX. Obverse PREMIER CONSUL BONAPARTE r EME. /-< /~v XT i: I" /i * TTT> A r*Tfct rf a rr JOUR COMPLEMENTAIRE AN 8. I ERE> ANNEE DU CON- SULAT. LUCIEN BONAPARTE M1NISTRE DE L'INTERIEUR. Size, "2 inches. A MEDAL commemorating the inhumation of the body of the great Marshal Turenne, which was solemnly con- veyed to the temple of Mars, and there entombed by order of the first Consul Bonaparte. No. XIX. ATTEJNTAT DU TROIS N1VOSE. Obverse Bust of Bonaparte. Legend, AMOUR DU PEUPLE FRAN^AIS POUR LE PREMIER CON- SUL. Artist's name, H. AUGUSTE, on base of the bust. Exergue, ATTENTAT A LA VIE DE BONAPARTE 3 NIVOSE, AN 9. DE LA REP. Reverse Inscription LES CITOYENS VOLENT EN FOULE VERS LUI . AMIS CE N'fiST PAS A MOI QU'lL FAUT VENIR I QU'ON AILLE QU'ON AILLE AU SECOURS DES MALHEUREUX QUE LA MA- CHINE INFERNALE A PU FRAPPER. Size, 2 inches. A MEDAL commemorating the unsuccessful attempt to destroy Bonaparte at Paris, by means of a machine loaded with combustibles, on the 24th December, in the year 9 of the Republic. He was on his way to the theatre, when a most violent explosion broke the windows of his carriage, and killed several persons, besides many being wounded. It is said that on this occasion, Napo- leon, together with the Generals and his whole suite, escaped death only by a miracle ; and that himself owed his life to a half drunken coachman, who in a most extraordinary manner drove full gallop through the narrow street, which was almost barricaded by the cart which contained the infernal machine. Scarcely was the carriage passed by, when it exploded, killing and wounding a number of people in the street; the 43 neighbouring houses were many of them much shatter- ed and damaged. The plan itself seems to have been ingeniously con- trived, the conspirators having filled a barrel with com- bustibles, and also placed a loaded riffle-gun within side of it; the whole being fixed upon a small carriage was placed in a narrow street, with the intention of ob- structing his passage, and giving a chance, by its ex- plosion at the moment he was passing by, to have de- stroyed a man who was designated by Europe as a public scourge. 44 No. XX. PAIX DE LUNEVILLE. Obverse Bust of Bonaparte. Legend, BONA- PARTE PR. CONSUL DE LA REP. FRAN. Ex- ergue, i. p. DROZ F. AN ix. 1801. Reverse a division of the Globe, on which are depicted France, (with the motto FRANCE,) covered with a laurel branch, and England, (with the motto ANGLETE ;) the last letters are partly enveloped in sulphurous clouds, which are hovering in immense bodies over the kingdom, and ascend high in the air, from which fork- ed lightnings dart. On the left a meridian sun in full splendour, cheering with his emanating rays France and the other parts of Europe there depicted, tvhile scarcely one ray ap- proaches that spot of the Globe on which England is placed. Legend, BONHEUR AU CONTINENT. ExergUC, PAIX DE LUNEVILLE AN ix. J801. Size, Clinches. No. XXI. AUTRE SUR LE MEME Obverse Bust of Bonaparte. On the base of the bust, the artist's name, ANDRIEU F. Le- gend, BONAPARTE PREMIER CONSUL DE LA REPUBLIQUE FRAN SE> Reverse an elegant female figure emblematic of peace, she holds in her right hand, which is extended, an olive branch, in her left a cornucopia filled with fruit and ivheat ears, her liair and costume is ti la grecque, with a laurel wreath round the head. Legend, PAIX DE LUNEVILLE. On the ground whereon she stands, ANDRIEU F. Exergue, LE xx. PLUVIOSE, AN ix. Size, If inches. AFTER several armistices had been entered into be- tween Austria and the French Republic, and as often suffered to expire from the jarring interests of the different powers, Austria at length found it necessary to enter into a treaty for peace, separate and alone, which after many delays, was definitively agreed upon between the first Consul of the French Republic and the Emperor. This treaty was concluded at Lune- ville, in February, 1801. The plenipotentiaries named, were the Count Cobentzel and Joseph Bonaparte. It agreed, first, that there was to be a permanent peace between the French Republic and the Emperor; the Belgic provinces, Falkenstein and its dependencies ; the Frickthal, and all that belongs to the house of Austria on the left bank of the Rhine, between Zurzach and Basle, to be given up to the French. Istria, Dalmatia, and the Venetian Isles dependant on those countries ; the Bocca di Cattaro, the city of Venice, the Adriatic sea, and the Adige from its leaving the Tyrol to the mouth of the said sea, to belong to the Kmperor, the towing path of the Adige, being the line of limitation. Draw-bridges to be established in the middle of the cities of Verona and Porto Legnano, to mark the sepa- ration of this line; the Brisgau to be given to the Duke of Modena ; Tuscany and the Island of Elba to be possessed by the infant Duke of Parma; the grand Duke to obtain a full indemnity in Germany for his Italian States; the French to possess all on the left bank of the Rhine, the towing path of the Rhine to be the limit between the French Republic and the Germa- nic Empire, from where the Rhine leaves Switzerland till it enters the Batavian territory. The French Re- public renounces all possession on the right bank of the Rhine, and restores Dusseldorff, Ehrenbreitstcin, Phi- lipsburg, the Fort of Cassel, the Fort of Khel, and Old Brisach ; these places to remain as they now are, the Emperor to give indemnity to the hereditary princes dispossessed on the left bank of the Rhine ; which shall be taken from all the Empire according to arrange- ments to be determined on, when the ratification is ex- changed ; sequestration of property to be taken off on both sides; this treaty to be common to the Batavian, Helvetic, Cisalpine and Ligurian Republics; the said Republics to be gauranteed by both parties. There were a few other articles, but of no great con- sequence, and thus, after a war which lasted for near ten years this famous treaty ended. 47 No. XXII. PAIX D'AMIENS. Obverse Bust of Bonaparte, with a laurel wreath encircling the head, bound by a fillet behind, the ends of ivhicli fall over the shoulder. Legend, NAPOLEON BONAPARTE, PREMIER CONSUL. Under the bust, DUMA- REST F. Reverse a full length figure stand- ing, presumed to represent Napoleon in the character of Mars ; he is divested of his ar- mour, except his helmet ; a chlamys is clasped on his right shoulder, which falls gracefully behind; the rest of his body is undraped. In his right hand he holds the olive branch of peace ; in his left, the Roman penate of vic- tory on a globe : he appears offering- the branch to a reclining female, in a disconsolate attitude ; she rests against a lion couchant, on whose head she supports her right arm in an erect posture, and inclines her head, which is turrettcd, on her hand : her left arm */ is stretched out totvards the figure before her, in a supplicating attitude. Legend, PAIX D'AMIENS. Hxerguc, LE vi GERMINAL. AN x. xxvu. MARS, MDCCCII. Size, "2 inches. AFTER several months had expired from the sign- ing of preliminaries, the negotiation was at last brought to a conclusion at Amiens, on the 27th of 48 March. The people of Amiens were invited to witness the ceremony of the signatures taking place. The intelligence was announced at Paris next day, by Tal- leyrand, and proclaimed with the firing of cannon, and every demonstration of joy. Mr. Moore, assistant secretary to the mission, arrived in London, on the 29th March, with the news of the treaty being signed by the different plenipotentiaries. The treaty first states, that there shall be peace and good understanding between the King of Spain, the Batavian Republic on the one part, and the King of Great Britain on the other part : all prisoners to be restored within six weeks, on paying whatever debts they may have contracted ; each party to pay whatever advances have been made by others for the support of prisoners ; a commission to be appointed to settle what may be due. The King of England restores all that has been conquered from the Republic of France and her allies, except Trinidad, and the Dutch possessions in Ceylon. The King of Spain gives up the Island of Trinidad to England ; the Dutch all that belonged to them in Ceylon previous to the war; the Cape of Good Hope to be restored to them ; the ships of the different powers to be allowed to enter the said ports, and pur- chase whatever they may stand in need of, without paying any additional duties ; the territories of the Sublime Port to be maintained in their integrity ; the Republic of the Seven Islands recognised ; the Islands of Malta, Gozo, and Comino, to be restored to the order of Saint John of Jerusalem, the knights to be invited to return, and proceed to elect a grand master ; no individual of France or England to be admitted into the order ; the English to evacuate Malta within three 49 months, or, if possible, sooner ; one half of the gar- rison to be native Maltese with Maltese officers ; Si- cily to be invited to furnish 2000 men to garrison the different fortresses of the Island. The French to evacuate Naples and the Roman states; and the English, Porto Ferrajo, and all they hold in the Mediterranean or Adriatic ; all fortifications to be restored in their present state. Three years to be allowed to the inhabitants of any nation to dispose of their properties; no person to be disturbed for his po- litical opinion ; all sequestrations, of whatever nature they may be, to be taken off after the signing of the treaty. The fisheries on the coast of Newfoundland are to be as they were before the war ; the Ambassa- dors, Ministers, and other Agents shall enjoy the same rank and privileges as were enjoyed by the same classes before the war. An equivalent to be procured to the House of Nassau for its losses. This treaty is declared common to the Sublime Porte, the ally of his Britannic Majesty; all persons guilty of murder, forgery, or fraudulent bankruptcy, to be delivered up to .justice, but this not to refer previous to the treaty ; to be rati- fied as soon as possible, and exchanged in due form at Paris. A separate article between France and Holland,, stating that the French were to make good the indem- nification agreed to be furnished to the House of Nassau. The treaty of peace did not satisfy the people of this country, they were very much discontented with it, and it went under a very severe examination in the House of Commons ; it -was considered that the nation had compromised its honour, and had concluded an insecure peace. B 50 No. XXIII. PAIX D'AMIENS. AUTRE SUR LE MEME SUJET. Obverse Head of Bonaparte, executed in mezzo relief. Legend, BONAPARTE PR. CONSUL DE LA REP. FRAN. Under the base of the bust, DROZ F. Reverse The figure of Astrtea descending- on the earth, which is depicted by a portion of t/te globe, on the lower part of the medal. Legend, LE RETOUR D'ASTREE, with a small bunch of icheat ears at the end. On the left of the globe, DROZ. On the edge of the medal, PAIX GENERALE A AMIENS, AN DIX. MDCCCII. Size, l-^s inches. FOR the important event on which this second medal was struck, we refer our readers to the preceding, and shall only notice here the allegorical figure on the reverse. It represents the goddess Astraea ; she was de- signated by the name of J ustice, of which virtue she was the goddess. She lived upon the earth, as men- tioned by the poets, during the golden age, which is often called the age of Astraea ; but the wickedness and depravity of mankind, drove her to heaven, in the brazen and iron ages ; she was there placed among the constellations of the zodiac, under the name of Virgo. We here see the importance with which the peace of 51 Amiens was looked forward to by the French Nation, when they considered the peace of Amiens to have been the commencement of the golden age, as allegorically represented by the return of Astraea to the earth. N. B. This is the only one of the medallic series of Bonaparte, that has been struck in a collar, with a legend on the edge. 52 No. XXIV. RETABL1SSEMENT DU CULTE. Obverse Head of Bonaparte. Legend, NA- POLEON BONAPARTE PREMIER CONSUL. On base of the bust, ANDRIEU FECIT. Reverse Religion sitting in a dejected state in front of a ruined cathedral, by her side a cross, and Bible, or Code of Religion, lays against a shrine; she appears to be reviving from her drooping posture, and throwing back, with her left hand, the veil which has shrouded her head, and presents her right to Prudence, who is assisting her to rise. Prudence holds in her left hand a mirror; a Serpent entwines round the stem, viewing himself in the glass, emble- matic of Experience and Reflection, ivhich she now holds up to the view of Religion. On the left, the beautiful Cathedral of Notre Dame. Near the centre, in the back ground, a fasces, on which is hung a circular shield, with thefulmen of Jove on the field. On the top of the fasces, a cock, the emblem of vigi- lance, and a brazier on a tripod, as belonging to sacred ivorship. Legend, RETABLISSE- MENT DU CULTE. Exergue, LE XVIII GERMI- NAL AN x. ANDRIEU FECIT. Size, 2 inches. AFTER the peace of Amiens, Bonaparte had suffi- 53 cient leisure to pursue those schemes which constantly dawned upon his mind, and extended his hopes. He felt it necessary to his power, to sooth the passions of the parties in France. As yet the people of that country submitted to every party as it prevailed ; but it was well known that the most of them, particularly the peasantry, wished to see their ancient religion restored to its former splendour. He was aware of this, and entered into a convention with the Pope, by which the system of the Gallician Church was settled. This convention, or concordat, as it was named, was settled with the Pope, by three plenipotentiaries named on each side ; and it certainly was of very great im- portance : nothing so good for the benefit of Christi- anity has taken place since the Papacy, and princes governed by it had usurped the rights of conscience. It released the Catholic Clergy from all obedience to the Pope, and placed the obligation in the prince and the people. Till the reign of Bonaparte, no one had power to get the Popes to give up their assumed rights over states. Even Pius VI. when he went into Germany, in 1782, could not be prevailed upon to grant the King of Prussia a recognition of the crown. He politely pro- mised, that when he returned to Rome, he would assemble the Cardinals, without whom he could not deliberate. This was never done, and we have no doubt that, at the time, he never intended to do so. The new religious code was made known to the French people by a proclamation of the First Consul, April 17th, and the event was to be solemnly cele- brated at the Church of Notre Dame, the next day being Sunday. This fete, which proclaimed the Catholic religion's restoration, was the most dazzling that had taken place since the revolution. The procession of the govern- ment of the Republic to the Cathedral had every lux- ury and pomp. At eleven o'clock, the constituted au- thorities were drawn up in the Cathedral, when the pro- cession moved from the Thuilleries : the carriage of the First Consul was drawn by eight horses, each led by a servant in superb livery; the Mamelukes also attended in their richest uniforms ; the family of Bonaparte was seated in the church, above all the other authorities ; the ceremony went on with great pomp ; the anthems and music were by the first composers in France, and their execution was not inferior ; all was profusely lavished on this splendid solemnity ; it pleased the French people, and added much to the popularity of Bonaparte. The Republican party, however, were much displeased ; and many of the military, with the greatest reluctance, obeyed the orders to salute the cross, carried before the procession. 55 No. XXV. ORGANISATION BE L'INSTRUCTION PUBL1QUE. Obverse Bust of Napoleon; under the bust, ANDRIEU F T- no Legend. Reverse a youth seated on a solid cubical seat, on which is in- scribed DENON DIREXIT. ANDRIEU FECIT. He appears intently perusing a Greek MSS. roll ; at his feet is a chest containing several other similar rolls ; over his head a star; on the left, occupying- the place of the Legend, the papyrus plant. Exergue, L'AN iv DE BONAPARTE I/INSTRUCTION PUB. EST ORGANISES. Size, inches. THE policy of Napoleon after again establishing the Catholic Religion throughout the French Republic, ex- tended not only to the souls, but also to the minds of his new subjects, and he adopted a comprehensive, but com- pletely military system of education throughout his do- minions, by the establishment of public schools, to which all parents were obliged to send their children, and where they were not only to be taught what the first Consul directed, but also to be brought up under such a system of regularity and subordination, as to make them soldiers in manner and in principle, almost from their earliest infancy. By these means he foresaw that he was certain of having a new race of soldiers; for being brought up with an evident reference to that profession, 56 and means being likewise taken to check internal com- merce and manufacture, which was the fact, notwith- standing all his boasted decrees, the young men had no employment, and the necessity of finding support being thus added to the natural love of action in young minds, it is not surprising that his ranks should always have been so rapidly filled, particularly when aided by the severe laws of Conscription. No. XXVI. NJEGOCIATIONS AVEC L'ANGLE- TERRE. Obverse a helmeted head; on the skull of the helmet is impressed a figure of peace, bearing on a spear, the arms of Mars, or war. Le- gend, ARME POUR LA PAix. Reverse a stork ; on the left of the bird an olive branch, on the right, the fulmen of Jupiter, under- neath, 1803. Legend, A BONAPARTE DENON DIR. c. D. MUSEE. c. D. ARTE. Size, near | inches. THE negotiations at various times made by Bona- parte with England, and commemorated by this petit medal, we presume is sufficiently intelligible, as to re- quire from us no farther elucidation. 57 No. XXVII. CONQUETE DU HANOVRE. The conquest of Hanover by France occasion- ed this medal to be struck. Obverse an English bull dog in the act of tearing to pieces a scroll, presumed to represent the treaty of Amiens. Legend, LE TRAITE D'A MI- ENS ROMPU PAR L'ANGLETERRE EN MAI DE L'AN 1803. Exergue, DENON DIREXIT JEUF- FROY FECIT. Reverse Victory mounted on a horse at full speed, holding out a laurel wreath with her right hand, her left is clasped round the neck of the horse. Legend, L'HAN- OVRE OCCUPE PAR 1/ARMEE FRAN^AISE EN JUIN DE L'AN 1803. Exergue, FRAPPEE AVEC L'ARGENT DES MINES D'HANOVRE L'AN 4 DE BONAPARTE. Size, If inches. AFTER a peace, which only extended to the short space of one year and sixteen days, during which, the greatest jealousy and mistrust pervaded the councils of both the English and the French courts, war was again proclaimed ; Malta seems to have been the great bone of contention between both countries, and the French government has endeavoured to throw all the odium of the act on the British, but this is easily set aside by taking a slight review of the transaction itself. At the formation of the definitive treaty at Amiens, we i 58 held Malta by conquest. France was unwilling that it should remain with us, and we as unwilling that it should become the property of France. In fact, the arrangements respecting Malta were the only stipula- tions for which England contended with France during the negotiations : every thing else was a surrender on our part. In order therefore that Malta might be, if possible, independent of both parties, it was agreed that it should remain in the hands of the British for a certain period ; after which, it was to be given up to the knights of the order, and to be garrisoned by a Neapo- litan force, until the knights should be able to de- fend it themselves. Now, as the evident spirit, and in- deed letter, of this agreement was, that the knights should be independent of any power, we were not obliged to give the island up, until such an event should take place, but Bonaparte himself had rendered that impossible ; for, under his influence the property of the order in various parts of Europe was seques- trated ; and of course, as he had rendered it impossi- ble that the events which were to happen before we surrendered Malta, could now take place, it naturally followed, that if we were not justified in keeping it, still there existed no reason for giving it up : the failure therefore of the fulfilment of the treaty was on the part of France, not of Great Britain, and Napoleon had no right to avail himself of the error he had committed. Had Malta been given up, it must of course have be- come the property of France, which would have been in direct opposition to the treaty ; so that the calls upon Britain to fulfil the treaty of Amiens, were as futile as they were unjust. It appears also from the report of the mission of 59 General Sebastian i to Egypl, that Napoleon had not even jet forgot that country ; and no doubt looked on Malta as a half-way house to the same. Sebastiani tells the first Consul, that 6000 men were enough to take all Egypt. The irritation of Bonaparte, at seeing himself thus foiled, therefore, cannot be wondered at, and in an unguarded moment he harshly expressed himself to our ambassador (Lord Whitworth) at his court, saying he would rather see the English in possession of the Faux- bourg St. Antoine, than they should retain Malta. On the 16th May, his Britannic Majesty sent a mes- sage to both houses of parliament, that he had recalled his ambassador from Paris, and that the French ambas- sador had left London. Both nations now began to develope their means of attack ; Malta the cause of the war, was so strong and well garrisoned, that France could have had no hope of wresting it from us by any force she could then bring against it : Great Britain would of course direct her efforts against the maritime possessions of France, while the latter powerful by land, would obstruct her com- merce on the continent. General Mortier now summoned the Hanoverian electorate to surrender to his army; but it is plain that Bonaparte wished to leave an opening for peace, as General Mortier stated he only wished to occupy the country as a pledge for Malta, according to the treaty of Amiens, and he had done this only to make the king of England maintain that treaty. The duke of Cambridge was sent over to Hanover, as commander-in chief, and he published proclamations calling on all that were able to bear arms to defend their country, yet the people were too cautious ; in vain the duke told them he was 60 ready to share their dangers ; they rather seemed to listen to General Mortier, who advised them to be careful and not make themselves the victims ; to this the Ha- noverians paid attention, and would not oppose the French. The military made some trifling opposition, which was of no use, and they were forced to capitu- late and engage not to serve against France or her allies till regularly exchanged. On this occasion, Austria and Prussia were content merely to demand an explanation ; when Napoleon answered, that Hanover had nothing to do with the Germanic Empire, nor Germany with it; that it was solely the possessions of the king of England which were attacked, but that in other points the integrity and independence of the Germanic Empire should be re- spected. In one of the exposed now ushered forth to the world, was one of congratulation to the people of France ; wherein he states, that by the occupation of Hanover, he has been enabled to remount and equip the French cavalry at the expense of the king of Great Britain, and by that possession which, of all others, he considered as the dearest to that monarch. N. B. There is another medal struck on this occa- sion, bearing on the obverse, the head of Bonaparte with a laurel wreath encircling his head. Legend, NEA- POLIO IMP. REX. Exergue, j. p. DROZ. F. Reverse similar to the preceding medal. 61 No. XXVIII. LA VENUS DE MED1C1S. Obverse Head of Napoleon. Exergue, JEUF- FROY FECIT 1803. DENON DIR. G. D. MUSEE c. D. ARTS. Reverse the antique statue of the Venus de Medicis. Legend, AUX ARTS LA VICTOIRE . L'AN IV DU CONSULAT DE BO- NAPARTE. Size, 1 ^ inches. AMONGST the various projects of Napoleon to attract the attention of the Parisian populace, and the admira- tion of the world, was that of professing to pay great attention to the arts, and of giving a great facility to the examination of the valuable remnants of antiquity and art which he had possessed himself of from the various European powers ; by this means he amused and de- lighted the Parisians by a pompous arrangement of the pictures and statues, thereby rendering it necessary that all those who wished to examine and study from the chefs d'oeuvre of art, should perform those studies at Paris. See medals, Nos. 31 and 32. Note. This beautiful medal was struck under the direction of M. Denon, keeper of the medals in the Mus6e Franaise, and presented to Bonaparte on his visiting the Museum ; it is engraved in the 4th vol. of the Mus6e Franaise as a vignette to the article Venus de Medicis. 62 No XXIX. LES ECOLES DE PHARMACIE. Obverse an erect cucurbit, round which is entwined the snake of Hygeia; behind, and crossing the cucurbit, a bundle of medicinal plants is seen ; on the right a pile of shattered rocks, or probably that powerful medicine, the ore of antimony. Legend, AU SOULAGE- MENT DE L'HUMANITE. BRENET. Exergue, DENON DIREXIT. Reverse a beautiful wreath, composed of poppy heads, various flowers, and other plants used in medicine ; the field of the medal plain, as if intended for an inscription to be engraved thereon. Size, H inches. A PAPER, under the head internal administration, re- capitulates among other things, that medicine, surgery, and pharmacy, have had new succours : schools for the theory and practice have been opened in Angers, Caen, Marseilles, Nantz, Bourdeaux, Rheims, and Dijon ; and the officers of health, and the midwives, will there re- ceive certain and solid instruction. The free school of Pharmacy established at Paris, is situated in the Rue de 1'Arbaletre, and has a laboratory and a botanic garden : here public instruction is given in chemistry, pharmacy, and natural history. The most diligent students receive prizes annually at the close of the lectures. 63 No. XXX. LA FORTUNE CONSERVATRICE. Obverse Bust of Bonaparte, marked with a strong resemblance to that of Augustus Ccesar as seen on, his coins ; under the head, B RE- NET . DENON DIREXIT. Reverse the alle- gorical figure of Fortune Conservatrix ; she is seated on the aft part of a boat, guiding it with her right hand by a rudder of antique form ; icith her left she holds the corner of the sail, which is attached to a mast of a very simple form, over which is the star of des- tiny so often alluded to by Bonaparte. Le- gend, A LA FORTUNE CONSERVATRICE. Ex- ergue, BRENET L'AN 4. DE BONAPARTE. Size, inches. THIS medal requires no farther elucidation than what it presents on its own face, the evident good fortune that bad attended Napoleon during the first four years of his reign. The resemblance to the head of Augustus which the medal bears, is in allusion to the supposed likeness of that Emperor to Bonaparte. In several of the addresses to the Emperor, this character is re- cognised. No. XXXI. LE MUS&E NAPOLEON, SALLE DE L'APOLLON. Obverse Head of .Bonaparte, encircled with a laurel wreath. Under the head, ANDRIEU F. Reverse a beautiful perspective view of the Hall in the Musee Fran$aise, appropriated for the reception of the Apollo Belvidere and other statues, the spoliation of Italy; over the portal, a small head of Napoleon. On the pediment of the arch of the entrance, SALLE DE L'APOLLON. Exergue, MUSEE NA- POLEON. ANDRIEU F. DENON D. SlZ6, liV inches. THE beauty and correctness of this medal, in repre- senting the antique statues as they are placed in this hall, are above all commendation. Each statue is a perfect gem, and are easily recognised. On the left of the portal, the statue of the Amazon, on the right, Me- leager; within the pillars, the two colossal heads of the Triton or Hermes, and Jupiter. At the end of the hall, in the centre, the Apollo Belvidere ; on one side is the Venus d' Aries, and on the other, Leucothee, the daughter of Cadmus and Hermione, &c. 65 No. XXXII. LE MUSEE NAPOLEON, SALLE DU LAOCOON. Obverse Head, same as the preceding. Re- verse an internal perspective view of the hall appropriated for the reception of the antique statue of the Laocoon and other sta- tues; among which, are easily recognised, from the correctness and delicacy of the work- manship, the statue of Pallas de Velletri, and the colossal Ceres : these are in the front, one on each side ; the bust of Serapis and Minerva, the statue of Bacchus, fyc. and the Laocoon in the centre, at the extremity of the hall. Exergue, MUSEE NAPOLEON. ANDRIEU F. DENON D. Size, \-fs inches. THIS medal will require no farther elucidation than what is to be found in the description of the preceding medal. 60 No. XXXIII. LA LEGION D'HONNEUR. Obverse Head of Bonaparte, encircled by a lau- rel wreath. Exergue, ANDRIEU F. Reverse the cross of the order, in the centre of which the eagle of France stands on thefulmen of Jove, encircled with aflat ring, on which the motto, HONNEUR . ET . PATRIE. is impressed. A. wreath of the branches of oak and laurel, with their fruit, surrounds the cross behind. Legend, AUSPICE . NEAPOLEONE . GALLIA . RENOVATA. Exergue, DENON DIR T JALEY F T> Size, 1A inches. The whole is of ini- mitable workmanship, and highly creditable to the artist. NAPOLEON having been elected First Consul for life, immediately marked this great event by instituting the order of the Legion of Honour, which, by joining per- sonal decoration with pecuniary stipend, answered two purposes, that of reconciling the people of France to the restoration of artificial rank in society, and also of securing to Napoleon himself the personal attachment of all those connected with the institution ; in short it was a cheap, but efficacious mode of giving bribes to all ranks both in military and civil life, and therefore 67 likely to be attended with the best consequences to his own popularity. On this occasion, Joseph Bonaparte, the Consul's brother, was made the grand officer of the order. It was also decreed that the legion should be composed of fifteen cohorts, and a council of administration; that each cohort should consist of seven grand officers, twenty commandants, thirty officers, and 350 legion- aries ; and that the First Consul should always be the chief of the legion, and of the council of administra- tion. The members were to be military men, who had distinguished themselves in the war, or citizens, who, by their knowledge, talents, and virtues, had contri- buted to establish or defend the republic. No. XXXIV. L'^COLE DBS MINES DU MONT- BLANC. Obverse the Head of Napoleon, encircled with a laurel wreath. Legend, NAPOLEON EMPEREUR. Exergue, DENON DIR. ANDRIEU F. Reverse a figure, of colossal size, em- blematically representing the mountain of Mont-Blanc ; he appears as an old man, in a crouching' attitude, blind from age, his head bald, which penetrates, and is capped with clouds, his beard long, andflowing to the base of the mountain, which is washed by the sea, on which his left foot rests ; his right hand grasps a mountain steep, under which appears a cavern, where miners are seen at their various occupations ; his left, in repose, lies across his left thigh. Exergue, BRENET F. DENON D. ECOLE DBS MINES DU MONT- BLANC. Size, l^g inches. THIS medal was struck on the establishment of schools for the instruction of students in the art of mining and mineralogy. The ancients had their mountain gods, and also mountaiii goddesses ; one of these latter, Rhodope, a mountain of Thrace, may be seen on a medal of Anto- ninus Pius, where she appears in a crouching attitude, and almost naked. There is a modern statue, representing the Apen- nine mountains, by John de Bologna, at Florence, designated Father Apenninus ; it represents the. loftiest of the ridge of these mountains, which runs through the middle of Italy, from Liguria to Ariminum and Ancona, and joins the Alps. If standing erect, its pro- portional height would be about sixty feet. We are not quite certain if this is not the representation of this statue, and depicted here as the hoary headed Mont- Blanc, whose bald summit penetrates the clouds. 70 No. XXXV. LE CAMP DE BOULOGNE. Obverse Napoleon, his head laureated, and in the costume of a General, seated on an ele- vated platform, in front of which are two laurel wreaths; he is in the act of distributing the insignia of the Legion of Honour to four soldiers of different corps and ranks in the service; behind the Emperor, two at- tendants, one of which holds in a patera or shield, the crosses of the order to be disposed of. Legend, HONNEUR LEGION- NAIRE. AUX BRAVES DE I/ARMEE. Exergue, A BOULOGNE LE XXVIII. THERM. AN XII. XVI AOUT MDCCCIV. DENON . D. JEUFFROY . F. Reverse represents the formation and distri- bution of the troops, designated by the name of the Army of England, at the grand Fete or Review by the Emperor Napoleon at Bou- logne, on the 16th August, 1804. Exergue, SERMENT . DE L ? ARMEE . D'ANGLETERRE A L'EMPEREUR . NAPOLEON. N 1. CAVALLERIE. 2. INFANTERIE. 3. GENEREAUX. 4. DRA- PEAUX. 5. LEGIONNAIRES. 6. GARDE DE L'EMPER EUR - 7. MUSICI ENS - E T - T BOURS - 8. E T - M OR. D 8. C S. 9 T. M OR. G AL. 1Q L TRQNE . JALEY. F. Size, If inches. NAPOLEON having arranged all his weighty affairs 71 in Italy, he arrived in Paris on the 12th August, from whence he repaired immediately to Boulogne, to orga- nize his army and flotilla, for the intended invasion of England. The Moniteur having given a long account of this interesting spectacle, we shall copy from thence what appears necessary to the elucidation of this medal. Seated on the throne of one of the kings of the first race, the Emperor had on his right Prince Joseph, be- hind him the great officers of the crown ; the Ministers, Marshals of the Empire, and Colonels- General on each side ; in front and on the steps were his Majesty's Aid- du-Camps; and on benches, at the foot of the throne, were the Counsellors of State ; the Generals from the interior on the right ; and on the left, the civil and reli- gious functionaries ; the space in the middle was occupied by the imperial guard, and the musicians on one side, and two thousand drummers on the other; at its extremi- ties were the grand staff of the army, and the general staff officers of the camp. The Emperor saw on his right the two camps and the batteries, the entrance of the port, and part of the roads ; and on his left the port of Vimereux, and the coasts of England. In front of him advanced sixty battalions, formed in twenty columns; still nearer the throne were platoons of legionaries of all ranks ; the heights were occupied by twenty squadrons, in battle array, and were also covered with an immense crowd of spectators, and the tents appointed for the reception of the ladies. At noon the Emperor left his hut, and a salute from all the batteries of the coast announced his arrival. On his appearance the drums began to beat, and shouts of joy from the army and spectators marked his pre- 72 sence ; the two thousand drummers then beat a charge, and the different columns instantly closed their ranks. All those to be distinguished, in their turn received the reward of honour from the hands of Bonaparte; the decorations were held up by several officers, in helmets and bucklers, part of the armour of Dugueslin and Bayard. The Emperor passed the evening in his hut, and all the legionaries were entertained at the tables of Prince Joseph, the Minister of War, the Minister of Marine, Marshal Soult, and Admiral Bruix, in tents decorated in a military style ; where the health of the Emperor was drank with enthusiasm, amidst the roar of the ar- tillery of all the batteries on the coast. No. XXXVI. CONSTRUCTION DES DEUX MTLLE BARQUES. Obverse Head of Napoleon, encircled with a laurel wreath. Legend, NAPOLEON EMPEREUR. Exergue, i. P. DROZ. F. Reverse Hercules strangling the Nemcean lion. Legend, EN L'AN .xii. 2000 BARQUES SONT CONSTRUITES. Exergue, DENON DIREXIT 1804. Size, If inches. AFTER the short peace of scarcely fourteen months which followed the Treaty of Amiens, and which had pro- mised tranquillity to Europe, the renewal of hostilities 73 between France and Great Britain involved in fresh calamities all the nations in this quarter of the globe. The invasion of Great Britain at this time appeared to be the errand object of the first Consul, who, imme- diately on the commencement of hostilities, began to make extensive preparations for that purpose in the ports of the French and Batavian republics. All the ship and boat-builders in France, from the age of 15 to 60, were placed in a state of requisition ; and it was decreed by Napoleon, that 2000 vessels should be im- mediately built, for the purpose of transporting the Army of England to the place of its destination, and he appointed Boulogne as the general rendezvous both for the flotilla and the army. No. XXXVII. LE CODE NAPOLEON. Obverse Whole length figure standing of Napoleon, habited in the imperial paludamen- tum ; his head encircled with a laurel wreath, in his right hand he holds the Code Napoleon; sandals on his feet. Legend, NAPOLEON EM- PEREUR. BRENET F. DENON D. Reverse, a whole length figure of Minerva, the head and bust presumed to be copied from the Antique which was originally in the Vatican. She is represented with the Napoleon Code in her left hand, and with the right supports herself by her hasta or spear. Legend, EN L'AN XII. LE CODE CIVIL EST DECRETE. BRENET F. DENON D. StZC, If inches. ON the 15th January, a New Civil Code, denomi- nated the Code Napoleon, was presented and adopted by the Legislature of France, on which occasion, the French Government ordered that a medal should be struck to perpetuate this epocha. This was executed after the First Consul had abdicated that title and as- sumed the one of Emperor, as appears by the legend on the obverse. 75 No. XXXVIII. LE COURONNEMENT A PARIS. Obverse Head of Napoleon, laureated. Le- gend, NAPOLEON EMPEREUR. ExergUC, DE- NON DIR. ANDRIEU F. Reverse Napoleon, in his imperial robes, holding the staff of royalty, surmounted by the French eagle, in his right hand; he stands on a tablet or shield, which is supported by two men; one of these on the left, represents a Member of the Senate, in his official costume, with a book open behind him, on which is inscribed LOIS. LOIS. ; the other on the right, represents a French soldier, behind him an antique plough- share, it being presumed that he had quitted the plough and became a soldier to preserve the State. Legend, LE SENAT ET LE PEUPLE. Exergue, AN xin. DENON DIR . JEUFFROY F. Size, lj% inches. No. XXXIX. Obverse Type similar to the preceding. Re- verse same, except the word LOI not on the book, which appears more written on. The artist's name on Exergue, ANDRIEU F. Size, 1| inches. 76 No. XL. Obverse Head, similar to the preceding. Le- gend, NAPOLEON EMPEREUR; Exergue, DE- NON D. DROZ F. Reverse similar to the preceding, except the book, which is repre- sented closed, and the name of the artist and director, DENON D. GALLE F. is in addition to the legend, on the Exergue AN xiu. Size, 1 inch. No. XLI. Obverse Head and legend similar to the last, within a dotted circle. Reverse also within a dotted circle, the same as No. 40, except the book being open, with no writing. No name of the director or artist appears on the medal. Exergue, AN xiu. Size, & inch. THESE four medals were struck, by the order of the French Government, to perpetuate the great event of the Coronation of Napoleon to be Emperor of the French. After Bonaparte had arrived to the dignity of First Consul, which he thought proper to have esta- blished by the people, the legislative bodies pointed out to him the necessity for his taking the imperial title. Carnot was the only one who opposed it, as he also did against vesting the Consular power in Bonaparte for life ; but this trifling opposition gave the affair ra- 77 ther the appearance of free debate. The Tribunate of the 5th May passed a vote, that Napoleon Bonaparte, the First Consul, be proclaimed Emperor of the French, and be invested with the government of the French Republic; that the title and the imperial power be made hereditary in his family in the male line ; and the rights of the people to be preserved in all their in- tegrity. This decree was carried by acclamations, with the exception of Carnot. Joseph and Louis Bonaparte were created Princes of France ; the former made Colonel of the 4th regiment of the line, and ordered to Boulogne to join the Army of England. The Consul Cambaceres, President of the Senate, presented the Act to the new Sovereign on the 18th May, at St. Cloud, and addressed him in a long speech, which ended by saying, the Senate entreat his Majesty, that their decree be carried into execution immediately, and that Napoleon be proclaimed Em- peror of the French. The Emperor replied, that all which would contri- bute to the good of the country is closely connected with his happiness : he accepts the title they think ne- cessary to the glory of the nation, and hopes France will never repent surrounding his family with honours. The Senatus Consultum was proclaimed by the Em- peror, and published in Paris next day at noon. His Imperial Majesty made his Highness Prince Joseph Bonaparte, Grand Elector ; Prince Louis Bonaparte, Constable; the Consul Cambaceres, Arch- Chancellor; and the Consul, Le Brun, Arch-Treasurer of the Em- pire. They took the oaths prescribed in presence of the Emperor. Napoleon did not suffer his elevation to pass as a civil ceremony, but strove to give it all the effect he 78 could from the aid of the religious institutions ; his dignity was announced to the French Bishops in a letter, which concludes by desiring the Veni Creator and Te Deum to be sung in all their churches; a new form of prayer was also to be used ; regulations were also laid down for the coronation, and many of the public functionaries and detachments of the different military corps were ordered to attend at Paris on the occasion. The Pope, Pius VII. was also summoned, to preside on the important day, and on the 25th of October he arrived at Fontainbleau, to the great gratification of the Parisian populace. He was met by the Emperor, who was hunting at the time ; they both alighted, and, in the French fashion, embraced each other. His Majesty's carriages then came up ; Napoleon entered one, and placed the Pope on his right ; they arrived at the castle through troops and the loud roar of artillery, and were received at the bottom of the grand staircase by the great officers of the household, and his Holiness was led to the apartments prepared for him. This important ceremony took place on the 2nd day of December, the new Emperor having ordered every preparation to be made which could give eclat to the day. The whole of the streets were strewed with sand? through which the procession was to pass; and the cathedral of Notre Dame, in which the ceremony was to be performed, was decorated for this occasion, both inside and out, with all the sumptuousness and frippery for which the French taste has always been so remark- able. The military escort was numerous in the extreme, and the procession consisted of an immense train of carriages of the most brilliant and showy kind, filled 79 with all the people of consequence belonging to the late Consular Court, in the midst of whom Napoleon and Josephine proceeded, accompanied by the Pope, through immense lines of curious spectators, until they reached the sacred spot where the ceremony itself was to be performed. The Emperor bore a sceptre of silver, around which was twisted a golden serpent, and sur- mounted with a globe, sustaining a figure of Charle- magne. An English authoress observes, that much has been said, and many animadversions made, upon Napoleon's placing the crown upon his own head, and not waiting to receive it from the hands of the Pope, besides his being represented as having snatched it impatiently from the Holy Father; but she asserts, on the authority of eye witnesses, that although he placed the crown on his own head, yet he did not snatch it from the hands of the Pope, for the crowns both for himself and Jose- phine were laid upon the altar; and the Pope having anointed the foreheads of both Napoleon and his spouse with the holy oil which he had consecrated for the purpose, he proceeded to bless and consecrate the crowns, taking them in his hands as he pronounced the benediction. He then replaced them on the altar, and retired to his own seat, when Napoleon advanced, and taking in his hand the crown destined for himself, which was a simple wreath of laurel, made of gold, he pronounced the oath to the nation, which had been decreed by the senate ; and then repeated a declaration, importing, that he acknowledged to hold the crown by the favour of God, and the will of the French people ; after which he placed it upon his own head. Josephine then advanced, when Napoleon taking the crown destined for her, and which was made 80 exactly like those formerly worn by the Queens of France, in his address, he stated, that she held the crown only as his true and lawful wife, but not from any right inherent in herself,' he then placed the crown upon her head. The evening was spent by the populace in plays, singing, dancing, fire-works, illuminations, fountains flowing with wine, and in short with every thing that could divert and amuse an inconsiderate populace. On the 3d of December, early in the morning, He- ralds at Arms marched through all the principal streets, distributing the preceding medals destined to comme- morate the coronation ; and the day passed with fetes in every quarter, and closed with illuminations and fire- works at night. No. XLII. LE SACRE. Obverse Bust of Pope Pius VII. in his Sa- cerdotal habit, the Papal tiara on his head. Legend, PIUS vu. p. M. HOSPES NEAPOLI- ONIS IMP. Exergue, DROZ F. AN. xin. Reverse a view of the Metropolitan Church of Ndtre Dame, at Paris. Legend, IMPERA- TOR SACRATUS. On the field of the medal the monogram, $&. Exergue, PARISIIS.II. DEC . M.DCCCIV . XI . FRIM . AN . XIII . DEN . DIR . JALEY . FEC. Size, If inches. POPE Pius VII. having been ordered from Rome to ; 81 Paris, for the purpose of crowning Bonaparte, now elected, by the decree of the constituted authorities, Emperor of the French, by the title of Napoleon I., he arrived at Fontainbleau, on the 25th of October, where Napoleon met him. On the 2nd of December, he anointed and crowned the Emperor Napoleon, in the Cathedral Church of Notre Dame : at the same time, Madame Bonaparte was inaugurated Empress, and both were formally enthroned. Never before had a Pope been obliged to leave his own dominions for the purpose of crowning either an Emperor or a King. It was reserved to the aspiring Napoleon to outdo all other crowned heads, in causing the Sovereign Pontiff of Rome to repair to Paris, in order to add lustre to his accession. .\r 82 No. XLIII. REPAS DONN PAR LA VILLE DE PARIS. Obverse Head of Napoleon, encircled with a laurel wreath, the end of the fillet which binds it behind, falls over the shoulder. Le- gend, NEAPOLIO IMPERATOR. ExergUC, GAL- LE FECIT. Reverse the Emperor in armour, seated tin an elevated platform, habited in Roman costume ; he holds in his left hand the staff' of royalty, surmounted by the eagle of France; and receives the deputation from the city of Paris, allegorically represented by an elegant female in antique costume, her head turretted, and arms bare ; she is apparently in the act of addressing him : behind her, on the right, an antique ship, with a Cupid row- ing in the prow ; his head is turned, and gazing at a star placed on the upper part of the field of the medal, the centre of which is the letter N, presumed to represent the star of destiny, to which Napoleon, in his addresses, so often vefers. Legend, TVTELA PRAESENS. Exergue, EPVLVM SOLLEMNE IMPERATORIS IN CVRIA VRBANA . FRIM . A . XIII. The names of the artists, PRUDMON DEL. JEUFFROY FEC. are placed on the front basement of the platform. Size, 2H inches. 83 ON the I6th of January, 1804, the city of Paris gave a splendid entertainment, at the Hote d'Ville to the Emperor Napoleon and the Empress Josephine. At this entertainment, Napoleon, in his address to M. Frochet, the Prefect of the City, assured him, " That he had always entertained, and will preserve, a parti- cular affection for his good city of Paris. This medal was struck to perpetuate the event of this grand enter- tainment. No. XLIV. FETES DU COURONNEMENT. Obverse the heads of Napoleon and Josephine combined, the former encircled with a laurel wreath, and Josephine with a diadem, as worn by the Queens of France. Legend, NAPOLEON JOSEPHINE. Exergue, BRENET. Reverse the French eagle crowned with a laurel wreath, seated on branches of oak and laurel placed amongst loose blocks of stone, on one of which, the artist's name, BRENET, appears^ Legend, FIXA PERENNIS IN ALTO SEDES. Exergue, FETES DU COURONNEMENT DONNEES A L'HOTEL DE VILLE AN xiu. Size, If inches. THIS medal was also struck to perpetuate the event described in the preceding medal. 84 No. XLV. DISTRIBUTION DBS AIGLES. Obverse Head of Napoleon encircled with a laurel wreath. Legend, NAPOLEON EMPEREUR. Exergue, DENON D. DROZ F. Reverse the Emperor standing on an elevated platform or tribune, in his imperial robes, an Eagle stand- ard in his hand, which he is presenting to three officers of different corps of his army, who are swearing fidelity to the same ; the other two standards are held by an attendant, who stands on the side of the platform. Le- gend, DRAPEAUX BONNES A I/ARMEE PAR NAPOLEON I ER " Exergue, AU CHAMP DE MARS LE 14 FRIM AN XIII DN. DIR. JE. F. Size, 1 inch. THIS medal, struck by the order of the French govern- ment, commemorates the grand fete held in the Champ de Mars, on the 14 Frimaire, 1804. At which Na- poleon distributed to his army for the first time the new eagle standards. Under which they swore to conquer or die. 85 No. XLVI. LA MONNAIE DES MEDAILLES RE- TABLIE. Obverse represents a fly press used in coining ; on the right, the Goddess Pecunia, or Mo- neta ; she rests her right arm on the fly of the press, and with the left, is presenting medals to History, who is seen on the opposite side recording on a tablet the various events: at the feet of Pecunia are dies, hammer, medals, fyc.: on the base of the press, FACTIS PROROGAT AEVVM. Legend, ANDRIEU F. DENON D. Ex- ergue, MDCCCIV. Reverse a laurel wreath, encircling thefleld, which is plain. Size, 1 inches. THE government of France having established a public mint for the purpose of striking medals, comme- morative of the great events of the French empire, and those of Napoleon the Emperor, also placed under its cognizance a very choice collection of all the punches and dies used in striking of medals ever since Francis I. ascended the throne. The mint is situated at No. 8, Rue Guenegaud, where the medals are sold to the public at a moderate price, for the benefit and support of the establishment. No. XLVII. CENTRALE DE VACCINE. Obverse Head of Napoleon encircled with a laurel wreath; under the base of bust, AN- DRIEU F. Legend, NAPOLEON EMP. ET ROI. Reverse represents the antique statues of Esculapius, and the Venus de Medicis; on the left a cow, and on the right a lancet open, ready for the operative part. Legend, AN- DRIEU F. DENON DIR. Exergue, LA VACCINE MDCCCIV. Size, If inches. THE allegory of this medal is too obvious to require any elucidation here; during the year 1804, the vaccine inoculation was introduced into France, and schools were instituted for the instruction and practice of the art. This medal was struck to commemorate the es- tablishment of the society for the extermination of the small-pox by vaccination; the society's rooms are si- tuated in the Rue du Battoir, St. Andr des Arts, Paris. 87 No. XLVIII. VIS1TE DU PAPE PIE VII. Obverse a bust of Pope Pius VII. on his head the tiara or Papal crown. Legend, PIUS VII P. M. HOSPES NEAPOLIONIS IMP. Ex- v ergue, DROZ F. AN xin. Reverse on the field, in four lines, EN JANVIER MDCCCV . s. S. PIE VII A VISITE LA MONNAIE DES MEDAIL- LES. Over this inscription, the parapluie or umbrella, usually held over the head of the Sovereign Pontiff in his processions, and below, the keys of Saint Peter, saltier. Size, If inches. THIS medal was struck on the visit of Pope Pius VII. to the medal mint, January, 1805. 88 No. XLIX. COURONNEMENT A MILAN. Head of Napoleon encircled with a wreath of laurel. Legend, NAPOLEON EMPEREUR. Ex- ergue, DENON DIR. ANDRIEU P. Reverse the croivn of Agilulfus, King of Lombardy ; round the margin, AGILVLFUS . GRATIA . DEI . GLORIOSUS . REX. Legend, NAPOLEON . ROI . D'ITALIE. Exergue, COURONNE . A . MILAN . LE . XXIII. MAI . M.DCCCV. DENON . D T * JALEY . F T< Size, 1 1 inches. BONAPARTE having assumed the title of Emperor of the Gauls, solicitations were sent from all parts of Italy, entreating him to take upon himself and his heirs the Italian diadem. On the 23rd of May, 1805, he was crowned at Milan with the greatest splendour and mag- nificence. Seated on a superb throne, he had on his right the honours of the empire, on his left, the honours of Italy, before him the honours of Charlemagne ; he was invest- ed with the usual insignia of royalty by the Cardinal Archbishop, and ascending the altar, he took the iron crown, and placing it on his head, exclaimed, being part of the ceremony used at the enthronement of the Lombard kings, " Dieu me la donne, gare a qui la touche ;" God gives it me, beware those who touch it. Being thus invested, he constituted a new order of knighthood by the name of the Iron Crown, and soon 89 completed the organization of the new kingdom, appoint- ing Prince Eugene Beauharnois the first Viceroy. Agilulfus, whose crown is here represented, was crowned King of the Lombards, at Milan, A. D. 591 ; in a great degree the reign of Bonaparte assimilates itself with that of the Lombard King Agilulfus. See Universal History. No. L. LE TOMBEAU DE DESAIX. Obverse Head of Napoleon encircled with a laurel wreath. Legend, NAPOLEON EMPE- REUR. Exergue, DENON DIR. DROZ FECIT. Reverse represents the tomb erected to the memory of General Desaix, the bas relief re- presents the General fallen from his horse to the ground mortally wounded. Legend, NA- POLEON AUX MANES DE DESAIX. On the plinth several allegorical ornaments emblema- tic of his wisdom, foresight, and prudence. BRENET F. DENON D. The names of the artist and director appear on the base of the tomb. Exergue, I ERE< PIERRE POSEE PAR L'EMPE- REUR LE XXIV PRAIRI. AN XIII. Size, inches. 90 No. LI. AUTRE AVEC INSCRIPTION. Obverse similar to the preceding. Reverse within a wreath composed of a laurel branch, and a branch of cypress or yew, encircling the field of the medal, is inscribed LE xxv . PRAI- RIEL AN XIII . XIV . IUIN MDCCCV . NAPOLEON POSE LA I ERE> PIERRE DU TOM BEAU DE DESAIX AU MONT s T - BERNARD. Size, same as the pre- ceding. GENERAL DESAIX, to whose memory these medals were ordered to be struck by the French government, was killed in the moment of victory, at the celebrated battle of Marengo, by a musket ball which struck him in the head. Vide Nos. 13 and 14. 91 No. LII. LA LIGURIE REUNIE A LA FRANCE. Obverse Head of Napoleon encircled ivith a wreath of laurel; under base of the bust, ANDRIEU F. Legend, NAPOLEON EMP. ET ROI. Reverse full length figure of Napoleon, his head laureated, and in the imperial Roman costume, receives a female figure emblematic of the Ligurian Republic; an eagle with expand- ed wings, is on the left of the Emperor ; in the back ground on the right, an antique prow of a vessel. Legend, DENON . D . BRENET. F. Exergue, LA LIGURIE REUNIE A LA FRANCE MDCCCV. Size, If inches. THE people of Genoa having imbibed the principles of democratical liberty, and tumults having arisen be- tween them and the adherents of the old government, and they not being able to stem the torrent, sent deputies to Bonaparte at Montebello, where a convention was concluded on the 6th June, 1805, by which the govern- ment of the Genoese republic acknowledged the sove- reignty to reside in the body of the citizens of its territory. The legislative power was entrusted to two representa- tive councils. Municipalities were established in the communes and districts, on the model of France, and a committee was charged with framing a constitution, and all the laws of the Republic, with a reserve of doing nothing contrary to the Catholic religion. The provi- sional government was to extinguish faction, grant a general amnesty, and unite the people in rallying round the public liberty. France agreed to give her protec- tion, and even the assistance of its armies, to facilitate if necessary the execution of these articles, and maintain the integrity of the territory of the Republic. This new modelled affair was named, " The Ligurian Repub- lic." It is probable the prow of the ship alludes to the ma- ritime port of Leghorn, it being the chief harbour of the republic. No. L1H. LES ^COLES DE M&DECINE. Obverse Head of Napoleon, encircled with a laurel wreath; under the head, the name of the artist, ANDRIEU F. Legend, NAPOLEON BMP. ET ROI. Reverse- JEsculapius resting on his club, round which is entwined the ser- pent : on his left, a dwarf figure enveloped in drapery, probably intended to represent disease or convalescence. Legend, ECOLES DE MEDE- CINE. Exergue, DENON DIREX. JOUANNIN. Size, If inches. THIS medal perpetuates the imperial decree of Na- poleon, for the establishment of schools for instruction 93 in the art of medicine in various cities of the empire of France. The School of Medicine at Paris is situated in the Rue de la Boucherie, and possesses a beautiful and large col- lection of anatomical preparations andchirurgical instru- ments, a large library, a magnificent amphitheatre, and a beautiful chemical laboratory ; there are twenty pro- fessors, two for each branch; also a designer, and a modeller in wax : the students amount generally to above one thousand. No. LIV. LEV^E DU CAMP DE BOULOGNE. Obverse Head of Napoleon, encircled with a laurel wreath. Legend, NAPOLEON EMP. ET ROI. On base of the bust, ANDRIEU F. Re- verse Grand chair of state, over which lies the imperial robe ; the French eagle stands in the front, and the sceptre of royalty reclines on the arm of the chair ; above, the forked fulmen of Jove. Legend, L'EMPEREUR COM- MANDE LA GRANDE ARMEE. On the ground, BRENET F. DENON D. Exergue, LEVEE DU CAMP DE BOULOGNE LE XXIV. AOUT MDCCCV. PASSAGE DU RHIN LE XXV. SEP BRE< MDCCCV. Size, If inches. NAPOLEON, after the grand exhibition at Boulogne, which the medal, No. XXXV, commemorates, found 94 it necessary to transfer the camps from the sea to the banks of the Rhine, the Inn, and the Danube, and the camp of the grand army, designated of Eng- land, consisting of above 200,000 men, which were to be transported over to England in one night, by means of a flotilla of 1500 vessels, escorted by sixty ships of the line, were now destined to other quar- ters ; on the 24th of August, orders were issued for the camp to break up ; and on the 25th of Septem- ber following, they passed the Rhine in six divisions, rapidly advancing towards the scene of action. On the 30th of September, the park of artillery passed the Rhine at Khel, and advanced towards Heilbrun. The main body being on the German side of the Rhine, Napoleon issued a proclamation to the troops, in which he says that the Austrians have passed the Inn, and driven his ally from his capital : that they have passed the Rhine, and will not again make peace without a sufficient guarantee. Their Emperor is in the midst of them, they are only the advanced guard of a great people, who, if it were necessary, would all rise at his voice to dissolve this new league ; they have much to do, but they will take no rest till they have planted their eagles on the territories of their enemies. In a note of Talleyrand to the Count Cobentzel, he says that his Majesty hoped that Austria would observe the strictest neutrality; but that the movements of troops, and other hostile dispositions, make him de- mand a speedy explanation. He is compelled to post- pone his projects against England ; and thus Austria had made a great diversion in favour of that kingdom. No. LV. ALLOCUTION SUR LE PONT DU LECH. Obverse Head of Napoleon laureated. Under the head, or exergue, ANDRIEU F. DENON DIR T Legend, NAPOLEON BMP. ET ROI. Re- verse Napoleon on horseback, in Roman armour, his head laureated, addressing his army on the wooden bridge of the Lech, who swear to conquer or die. In the air Vic- tory is approaching, with a laurel wreath in one hand, and a palm branch in the other: on the left side, under the bridge, is seen the god of the river, seated on a rock, pouring water from an urn, on which is inscribed, LECH. Exergue, ALLOCUTION A L'AKMEE. L'ARMEE FAIT SERMENT DE VAINCRE xn oc- TOBRE MDCCCV. DENON DIREC. Size, If inches. THIS medal records the act of the Emperor Napo- leon, who having addressed his army at the passage of the river Lech, they all enthusiastically swore to con- quer or die in the cause. 96 No. LVI. CAPITULATION DULM ET DE MEM- M1NGEN. Obverse Head and legend similar to the pre- ceding ; under base of the bust, ANDRIEU F. Reverse the Emperor Napoleon in Roman costume, his head laureated, standing in a quadriga, drawn by two horses in full speed; he holds the reins with both hands, with which he guides them; probably intended to repre- sent Mars, the God of War, in his chariot, drawn by his two horses, named by the poets Flight and Terror. Victory in the air, ap- proaches towards him, bearing in one hand a laurel wreath, and in the other, the palm branch of peace ; under the belly of the horses, in the back-ground, are seen two small figures with the turreted crown on their heads, in the act of supplication to him. Exergue, xvi i . oc- TOBRE . MDCCCV . CAPITULATION D'ULM . DE MEMMINGEN. LX MILLE PRISONNIERS. JALEY F T- DEN. DIR. Size, If inches. As this medal embraces two different scenes of action, we shall but briefly mention the capitulation of Mem- mingen, which took place on the 14th October. On the 97 13tb, Soult appeared before Memmingen, and on the day following it capitulated ; the terms of which were generally considered as a proof of treachery on the part of the Austrian general in command. By the various movements which had previously taken place, General Mack had most injudiciously diminish* ed his army to little better than 40,000 men opposed to now nearly 140,000, and he had now no chance to escape except that of cutting his way through some part of the line that surrounded him. It is indeed impossible without having recourse to the idea of treachery, to ac- count for that absolute stupidity with which Mack had all along clung to this position at Ulna, and he now found himself cooped up in a town, but little capable of defence, whilst the whole of his outworks and the heights that commanded the place itself, were in the occupation of Napoleon, who now on the 15th of Oc- tober seemed anxious to avail himself of his positions, and accordingly, as if to hasten the final surrender of the Austrian army, made every preparation for storming the place. Napoleon having made these preparations, he sent in a summons to General Mack, in which he called upon him to capitulate instantly, or to abide the event of a storm ; these demands having been received by Mack, he, after the appearance of a short hesitation, agreed to all the terms proposed, which were, that Ulm should be surrendered, with all its magazines and artillery; the garrison, to the number of 30,000 men, being allowed to march out with the honours of war ; then to lay down their arms, whilst the principal officers should be allow- ed to return to Austria upon parole; the Subalterns o 98 however and privates were all to be sent prisoners to France. This took place on the 17th, but Mack stipulated for delay to the 25th of the month, and Napoleon agreed, that if either an Austrian or Russian force should arrive before midnight of that day, sufficiently strong to blockade Ulm, than the capitulation was to be of no effect. Anxious to lose no time, Bonaparte invited General Mack to an interview on the 19th, and on the assurance that no succour could possibly arrive, he signed an ad- ditional article, by which he agreed to evacuate the place, and surrender the army the next day, the 20th, on the condition, that the corps of Marshal Ney should not advance more than ten leagues from Ulm before the 25th at midnight. 99 No. LVI1. PRISE DE VIENNE ET DE PRES- BOURG. Obverse similar to the preceding. Reverse Napoleon standing full to the front, in the character of Hercules, in a state of repose, resting on his club, his head laureated, and the lion's skin over his shoulder, which falls behind ; on each side, on their knees, two fe- males draped, the Genii of the cities of Vien- na and Presbourg, are presenting the keys of their respective cities to the conqueror; their heads are turretted and veiled. Ex- ergue, PRISE DE VIENNE ET DE PRESBOURG MDCCCV. DENON D. GALLE F. SlZ, If inches. AFTER the capture of Ulm, the Austrians and Rus- sians, finding themselves unable to make any opposition, retreated towards Vienna; all the citizens capable of bearing arms, were embodied, and a proclamation issued, in which the Emperor of Austria " trusted in the justice of his cause, and in the love and energy of 25 millions of people aided by his Russian auxiliaries." Napoleon arrived at Brannau on the 30th; this was a place of great strength, with magazines of artillery, powder, and military stores ; which proved a seasonable supply to the French army. Murat with his cavalry attacked the Austrian rear- 100 guard, charged them, and forced them to give way : they rallied, but after an obstinate conflict were put to flight with great loss. The different generals of division took other places from the Austrians, whom they drove before them. Napoleon made arrangements for forcing the enemy from the Ems, being the last line of defence which remained between that river and Vienna, to- wards which place the Austrians slowly retired; the French army crossed this river, and eagerly pressed forward towards the Austrian capital, which at this time was in a state of great confusion, and their only hopes rested upon a Russian division of the allied .array, which had taken a position on the heights of Amstettin, where a most tremendous conflict ensued, in consequence of their being attacked not only by the cavalry under M urat, but also by the grenadiers of the French corps, all of whom were now in advance, and formed a strong body under the command of Oudinot. The Russians, after a gallant resistance were obliged to retire, and they marched slowly upon a strong position not more than ten leagues from the capital, called St. Polten, having first destroyed the bridges over the river Ips, which gave a temporary check to their pursuers. The Austrian cabinet, alarmed at Napoleon's rapid advance, his head-quarters on the 7th November being at Lintz, instantly dispatched the Count Guilay in the name of the Emperor, and of the Russian commander- in-chief to request an armistice, in order that such a measure might prepare the way for preliminary negotia- tions leading to a general pacification. Napoleon expressed the greatest readiness to grant the armistice; but then this was upon conditions as humiliating to Austria as if he had already been in pos- 101 session of the capital. The envoy returned with a heavy heart, and Napoleon made not the slightest alteration in his military objects. All the troops which the Emperor of Germany could now collect were ordered to push forward for the defence of the capital, and General Meerfeldt with considerable force was advancing on the side of Neustadt ; but whilst a few miles from Meminzel, he was attacked by Davoust's corps on the 8th November; when an obstinate and bloody action took place, ending in the total defeat of the Austrians. After this affair, Davoust pushed on for Vienna with every facility, being now in the great road for that capital. On the 9th November, th Russians finding the posi- tion of St. Polten no longer tenable, they determined to cross the Danube, which manoeuvre they put in execu- tion, destroying the bridge of Krems as soon as they had passed over. Napoleon now advanced to Murat's head-quarters at Moelk, from whence his road to Vienna was open ; and there he received a deputation of the citizens of Vienna, who humbly prayed that he would treat their unfortu- nate city with lenity, as they were not the cause of the war. The only answer they received was, they must open their gates only to the French army. The Austrian Emperor now found it expedient to retire from a defenceless city to Brunn in Moravia, and the French took possession of the city without firing a shot. The main body of the French arrived at Vienna on the 12th, and were lodged in the suburbs, they entered the city on the 13th, when they found the in- habitants doing the duty of the military, who had totally evacuated it. 102 Bonaparte entered Vienna on the 14th, and chose the imperial palace of Schoenbrunn for his residence. Immediately after the capture of the Austrian capital, the corps of Davoust was detached towards Presburg, which it took possession of, and from which place Da- voust commenced a negotiation with the Archduke Pa- latine, the object of which was to free Napoleon from part of his opponents, by establishing the neutrality of Hungary. No. LVI1I. REPRISE DES DRAPEAUX A IN- SPRUCK. Obverse similar to the preceding. Reverse full length figure of Napoleon standing in armour, of Roman costume, his head lau- reated ; on his right hand, he supports a small Jigure of Victory on a globe, ivhich he is earnestly looking" at ; and in his left, he holds a standard, on which are the letters R. F. On the left of tJie field of the medal, LES AUTRICHIENS VAINCUS. On the right, LES DRAPEAUX FRAN9AIS. REPRIS. BRENET F. DENON D. Exergue, INSPRUCK LE xvi BRUM RE> AN xiv. MDCCCV. Size, 1 1 inches. THE Austrians having been defeated in all their battles with Napoleon, the conqueror took possession 103 of Vienna, and the other capitals of that kingdom, where he discovered the several flags and standards which had been taken from his own army and from those of former wars; these he sent with triumph, as part of the spoils, to Paris. To commemorate this epocha of his history, the government of France ordered this medal to be struck and distributed. No. LIX. BATAILLE D'AUSTERLITZ. Obverse Head and Legend similar to the pre- ceding. Reverse a thunderbolt winged, the centre of which represents the sceptre of state, on the top of which, a figure of Charlemagne seated. Legend, BATAILLE D'AUSTERLITZ. II. DEC. M.DCCCV. XI. FRIM. AN. XIV. Ex- ergue, IALEY. F. Size, If inches. THE Russian army, on the first of December, made a movement to turn the right of the French ; his dispo- sitions for battle were made, and the different general officers posted in their proper places. The Emperor Napoleon, with Marshal Berthier, his first aid du camp, Colonel Junot, and his etat major, was in reserve, with ten battalions of his guards, and ten battalions of grenadiers, with forty pieces of cannon; this he meant to push forward wherever he found it necessary. At one in the morning, he mounted to visit 104 the posts, and learn the movements of the Russians ; he had been told they had spent the night in noise and drunkenness. Day dawned, the sun rose bright, and the day was very fine. The battle, which the soldiers called " the day of the three Emperors," and which Napoleon named " the battle of Austerlitz," will be ever memorable in the annals of the French nation. The attack was begun by the Russians ; a dreadful can- nonade took place along the line ; 200 pieces of cannon, and near 200.000 men, made a dreadful noise : in less than an hour, the Russian left was cut off; innu- merable acts of bravery were performed ; a body of Russians were driven into a lake near the place ; their loss in killed, wounded, and prisoners was immense ; the French say they had but 800 killed, and 15 or 1600 wounded. This however we should be inclined to think an error, from the immense loss of the Rus- sians; several French generals were wounded, among them Sebastiani ; there were 80,000 Russians and 25,000 Austrians ; and the French say, that half of that number was destroyed, and many threw away their arms. It was admitted generally, that the battle of Auster- litz had confounded all speculation ; no talents, power, or combination, opposed to Bonaparte checked his pro- gress, but swelled his career with fresh victories ; his wisdom in council, greatness of enterprise, and prompt- ness in action, put it almost beyond the reach of credi- bility, that he should have a reverse of fortune. So it was judged after the battle of Austerlitz. 105 No. LX. LES TR01S EMPEREURS. Qbverse Head of Napoleon, encircled with a wreath of laurel. On the base of the bust, ANDRIEU F. Legend, BATAILLE D'AUSTER- LITZ. Exergue, n DECEMBRE MDCCCV. Re- verse the head of the Emperors, Alexander I. and Francis II., vis a vis, both laureated. Legend, ALEXANDRE i. FRANCOIS n. Ex- <3 ergue, ANDRIEU F. DENON D. Size, If inches. THIS medal alludes to the presence of the three Em- perors at the battle of Austerlitz. See preceding medal. No. LX1. ENTREVUE DES DEUX EMPE- REURS. Obverse Head of Napoleon encircled with a laurel wreath. Legend, NAPOLEON EM p. ET ROI. Under base of the bust the artist's name, ANDRIEU F. Reverse two figures, one of which habited in armour of Roman Costume, represents Napoleon; he rests his left hand on his parazonium, his right arm is stretched out in the attitude of dictating-; the other figure represents Francis II., he appears in the attitude of supplication : between them, on the ground, are two fiags lying crossways, over which is planted the Eagle standard of France. Exergue, ENTREVUE DE L'EMP. NA- POLEON ET DE L'EMP. FRANCOIS II A URCHITZ LE IV . DECEMBRE MDCCCV . ANDRIEU F. DE- NON D. Size, If inches. AFTER the fatal battle of Austerlitz, the thirty-first bulletin stated, that the day after the battle, the Empe- ror of Austria visited the French Emperor at the out- posts ; he wished to include the Emperor of Russia in an armistice, which was at length acceded to ; and in the evening, the Emperor Francis dispatched an Austrian General with the result to the Emperor Alexander. 107 No. LXTI. DEPUTATION DES MAIRES DE PARIS A SCHOENBRUNN. Obverse Napoleon in armour, head laureated, standing on a platform, an olive branch in his right hand, the left grasps his sword. Behind him, one of his generals, probably in- tended to represent Murat, to whom it bears a likeness ; he holds in his right hand his baton, and is also in armour, which is more deco- rated than that of the Emperor: over the shoulders of Napoleon is thrown the imperial paludamentum. On the side of the platform is a female figure reclined, slightly draped; she rests her left arm on a mortar, on the edge of its mouth is inscribed, SCHOENBRUNN. On the left, is seen approaching two of the constituted bodies of Paris, one of which presents a scroll, legend, PANNONIA . SVBACTA. On the base of the ground, GALLE. F. Exergue, AEDILES . PARIS . IMP . NEAPOLIONI . A VICTORIA . RE- DVCI . IN SVBVRBANO . CAESARVM GRATES . AGVNT . PR . ID . DECEMBR . MDCCCV. Re- verse Fame sounding her trumpet, advancing in quick motion, and looking back, a scroll in her right hand, on which is inscribed IMP. 108 VRBI SVAE. On the ground, emblems of war, as various standards, artillery, drums, casques, shot, fyc. Legend, DE . GERM AN is . BRENET F. Exergue, PRIMITIAE . BELLI . ARM A . ET . SIGNA MILITARIA . E . MANVBIIS . VERTIN- GENS CIVITATI . DONATA VI . ID . OCT. MDCCCV. Size, 2| inches. THIS classical medal commemorates the conquest of Germany, (Pannonia Subacta, Pannonia, or Modern Germany, conquered). It was anciently a large country of Europe, bounded on the east by Upper Mcesia, south by Dalmatia, west by Noricicum, and on the north by the Danube. The ancients divided it into Lower and Upper Pannonia. The inhabitants were of Celtic origin, and were first invaded by Julius Caesar, and conquered in the reign of Tiberius. Philip, and his son Alexander, some ages after, had successively conquered it. Sirmium was the ancient capital of all Pannonia, which contains the modern Provinces of Croatia, Car- niola, Sclavonia, Bosnia, Windisch, March, with part of Servia, and of the kingdoms of Hungary and Austria. Napoleon, while at Vienna, occupied the palace of Schoenbrunn. On his return to Paris, he was met in the suburbs of the city by the chief magistrate and the constituted bodies of Paris, who offered to him the thanks of the city, and conducted him in the style of the Romans in triumph to the capital. He appropriated a share of the Germanic spoils, as arms, military standards, &c., as represented on the reverse of the medal, to the good city of Paris. 109 No. LXIII. PA1X DE PRESBOURG. Obverse Head of Napoleon laureated. Under . the base of the head, ANDRIEU F. Legend, NAPOLEON . BMP . ET KOI. Reverse a view of the Temple of Janus Quadriformis, on the Attic, TEMPLUM JAN i. Exergue, PAIX DE PRESBOURG XXVI . DECEMBRE MDCCCV. AN- DRIEU F T> DENON D T> Size, If inches. AFTER the fatal battle of Austerlitz, an armistice was concluded between Napoleon and the Emperor of Austria, which led to a peace between these two powers, the principal articles were : The Emperor of Germany and Austria acknowledged the Emperor of the French as king of Italy ; but it was agreed, that in conformity with the declaration of Napoleon when he took the crown of Italy, that as soon as the parties named in that declaration had fulfilled the conditions therein expressed, the imperial and regal crowns of France and Italy should be for ever separated, and, in no case, united on the same head. On this condition, the Emperor of Germany and Austria bound himself to acknowledge, on the separation, the successor which the Emperor of France should appoint as king of Italy. The Emperor of Austria also ceded to the Emperor of France and king of Italy, the city of Venice, and all the Venetian territory in Istria and Dalmatia, with the islands in the Adriatic, &c. to be united in perpetuity to 110 the Italian kingdom. He also acknowledged the elec- tors of Wirtemberg and Bavaria, as kings of Wirtera- berg and Bavaria, titles which they had assumed under the sanction and protection of the Emperor of France, and ceded to them and to the elector of Baden, in full and perpetual sovereignty, certain principalities, do- mains, and territories, specified in the treaty. On these conditions, the Emperor of the French guaranteed the in- tegrity of the Austrian Empire in the state in which it was to be placed in consequence of the treaty of peace. The high contracting powers also acknowledged the in- dependence of the Batavian and Helvetic Republics. These articles were adjusted at an interview which the Archduke Charles of Austria had with the French Em- peror. The treaty was signed at Presburg, the capital of Hungary, by M. Talleyrand on the part of France, and Prince John of Lichtenstein on the part of Austria, December 26th, 1805, and was ratified on the follow- ing day, at the imperial palace of Schoenbrunn. Thus, the finishing blow was given to Austrian greatness : and Germany was laid at the feet of France. Ill No. LXIV. CATHEDRAL DE VIENNE. Obverse Head and legend similar to the pre- ceding. Reverse a beautiful view of the Cathedral Church of St. Stephens at Vienna. Legend, ACTIONS DE GRACES POUR LA PAIX. On the ground, ANDRIEU F. DENON D. Ex- ergue, ORDONNEES A VIENNE PAR L'fiMPE- REUR NAPOLEON LE XXVIII. DECEMBRE MDCCCV. Size, If inches. ON taking possession of Vienna, after the fatal surrender of Ulra, and the array of General Mack, and the signing of the treaty of peace at Presburg, Napoleon ordered a public thanksgiving to take place in the metropolitan church at Vienna, for the comme- moration of which, the government of France ordered this medal to be struck. 112 No. LXV. ONQUETE DE VENISE. Obverse Head of Napoleon, encircled with a laurel wreath. Legend, NAPOLEON EMP. ET ROI. On base of the head, ANDRIEU F. Re- verse the Rialto Bridge at Venice. Above the bridge, on the upper part of the field of the medal, a small Gondola, a Dolphin, and a Hydrus or Water Serpent, emblematic of the Adriatic sea, and the numerous canals intersecting Venice. Exergue, VENISE REN- DUE A L'ITALIE xxvi. DECEMBRE MDCCCV. BRENET F. DENON D. Size, If inches. AT Leoben, to induce Austria to treat for peace without the intervention of Great Britain, Bonaparte then offered her the possession of the Venetian domi- nions as an equivalent for the Netherlands, which Bo* naparte had wrested from her ; this she eagerly accepted, tempted by the hopes of thereby becoming a commer- cial, perhaps a naval power, in consequence of this accession of maritime territory. It will therefore appear, whilst Napoleon was signing the peace of Leoben, that he was actually engaged in planning the destruction of Venice, one of the most ancient republics in the world, and Augereau was fixed on to carry this into effect. To bring about some excuse for this premeditated attack, a few inhabitants 113 of the Venetian terra-firma, seduced by French emis- saries, and no doubt irritated by French oppression, had been reduced to oppose resistance to the marauding parties of republican troops then desolating their hitherto peaceable homes : the opposition, however, soon became more formidable, and 40,000 peasants were not only in arms, but might also have cut off the retreat of the whole French army from Carinthia, if it had not been for the unfortunate treaty just concluded. At this period, General Augereau commanded that part of the army between the Piave and the Adige ; and as he was not in sufficient force openly to oppose the insurrection which was making considerable pro- gress, he found it necessary to publish a most deceitful proclamation, promising redress for all grievances, and offering general amnesty and oblivion with respect to hostilities. He partly succeeded in his intentions, which were merely intended to gain time, to suspend the activity of the insurgents, and also to divide their opinions until Bonaparte himself should arrive ; nor was he disap- pointed, for Bonaparte having collected a part of his army, early in May, immediately published a decla- ration of war against Venice ; and without the slight- est resistance, he instantly took possession of the Vene- tian dominions upon the main land, permitting his troops to live there, for some time, uncontroled. Au- gereau was now ordered to march a column of 25,000 men to the sea-coast, opposite to the numerous islands on which the city of Venice is situated ; and though its natural defences would have served to defend it against an attack, yet there, as in other places, he had by plots and intrigues paved the way, by dividing the people, Q 114 that no resistance was offered ; and Augereau took pos- session of the city on the 12th of May. In furtherance of Napoleon's plans, his first object was to seize the arsenal, and to occupy the military works ; after which he established a municipality, im- prisoning and shooting several of the most eminent nobles of the state, plundering private property as well as the public establishments. In this system of plunder he was greatly assisted by the savans, who always accompanied his army ; but so extensive was the city, and so great its wealth, that it took him eight weeks to complete its destruction. This Bonaparte denominated " The regeneration of Venice." Amongst other things which Napoleon took from the state, were six ships of the line completely equipped ; forty paintings, to be chosen by his savans or commis- sioners ; the most precious monuments of the library of St. Mark ; the four famous horses, said to have been the work of Lysippus, and the two lions of gilt bronze, which had been brought from Constantinople; all of which were packed up, and sent off to ornament the National Museum and the city of Paris. J15 No. LXVI. CONQUETE DE L'ISTRIE. Obverse similar to the preceding. Reverse the portal of the Temple of Augustus at Pola. Legend, TEMPLE D'AUGUSTE A POLA. BRENET F. DENON D. Exergue, L'ISTRIE CONQUISE AN MDCCCVI. Size, IT* inches. THIS medal was struck, and ordered to be distri- buted by the French government after the conquest of Istria, by the French arms, whereby the Austrian government lost a great revenue, from the quicksilver mines situated in that district. No. LXVI1. CONQUETE DE LA DALMATIE. Obverse similar to the preceding. Reverse View of the Temple of Jupiter at Spalatro. Legend, TEMPLE DE JUPITER A SPALATRO. BRENET F. DENON D. Exergue, LA DAL- MATIE CONQUISE EN M.DCCCVI. PAR LA PAIX DE PRESBOURG. SlZ, ll% indies. THE conquest of Dalmatia, by the arms of France, under Napoleon, being considered of great importance towards the plans meditated by Bonaparte, this medal was ordered to be struck to commemorate the same. 116 No. LXVIII. CONQUETE DE NAPLES. Head of Napoleon encircled with a laurel tvreath. Legend, NAPOLEON BMP. ET ROI. On the base of the neck of the bust, ANDRIEU F. Reverse Victory on wing crowning with laurel a Minotaur ; under the belly of the mon- ster is a small bust, probably designed for Socrates, being emblematic of wisdom, as the animal is of strength. Legend, the names of the artist and director of the mint. BRENET F. DENON D. Exergue, CONQUETE DE NA- PLES M.DCCCVI. Size, ITS inches. BONAPARTE being highly irritated against the Queen of Naples, for the protection she gave to the English commerce, &c. did not let his vengeance sleep against her; and in a bulletin declared that the Queen, of Naples had ceased to reign; it also stated that General St. Cyr was hastily advancing to Naples, to punish the perfidy of the Queen. He next published a proclamation to his army, defending his conduct against Naples ; he there stated his kind attention to that power, and that three times he forgave it, but that he would not do so the fourth : the Neapolitan dynasty had ceased to reign ; his brother will lead them on, who has all his confidence ; soon after Joseph Bonaparte was proclaimed King of Naples. 117 No. LXIX. SOUVERAINETES DONN^ES. Obverse Head of Napoleon encircled with a wreath of laurel. On base of the head, DROZ FECIT. Legend, within a dotted circle, NA- POLEON EMP. ET ROI. Exergue, DENON DI- REX. MDCCCVI. Reverse a chair of state, the uprights ornamented with bees, and sur- mounted ivith globes ; over the back is thrown a loose drapery, two eagles with expanded wings, form the sides and arms, over one of which reclines, to the front, the sceptre of state, with Charlemagne on the top ; before the chair stands a table of elegant workman- ship, on which are placed a number of crowns and sceptres; on the ground lie two crowns with the Doge's cap, in disorder, as if thrown from the table ; on the superior part of the field of the medal, an eagle with expanded wings, standing on a fasces, which is bound round the French sceptre of state. Exergue, SOU- VERAINETES DONNEES MDCCCVI. ANDRIEU F. DENON D. Size, 1 f inches, WHEN we recollect the many and great alterations in the sovereignties on the continent of Europe, during the dynasty of Napoleon, we are not surprized at the 118 flattery here displayed by this medal. The electors of Wirteraberg and Bavaria were elevated to kingly dignities; his brother Louis, king of Holland; Jo- seph was crowned king of Naples ; and Jerome, king of Westphalia : the sovereignty of Neuffchatel was trans- ferred to Marshal Berthier, and the principality of Guastalla to the Princess Paulina, and her husband the Prince of Borghese ; while the crowns on the floor are emblematic of those states overthrown by the power of his arms, or the crooked policy of their own govern- ments. No. LXX. MAR1AGE DU PRINCE DE BADE. Obverse Head of Napoleon encircled ivith a laurel wreath; under neck of the bust, AN- DRIEU F. Legend, NAPOLEON EMP. ET ROI. Reverse two whole length figures represent- ing the Prince of Baden and Stephanie Na- poleon, vis a vis, joining hands ; over their heads, in a center of rays, the letter N. Le- gend, C. F. LOUIS DE BADE . STEPHANIE NA- POLEON. Exergue, ALLIANCE MDCCCVI. AN- DRIEU F. DENON D T< SlZC, If inches. THIS medal was struck on the marriage of the Prince of Baden with Stephanie Napoleon, by order of the government of France. No. LXX1. COLONNE DE LA GRANDE ARM^E. Obverse Head and legend similar to the pre- ceding. Reverse the bronze column erected at Paris in the Place Vendome. Legend, COLONNE DE LA GRANDE ARMEE. CAMPAGNE DE MDCCCV BRENET F. DENON D. Size, If inches* THE President of the Legislative Body having pro- nounced aneulogy on the splendid qualities of Bonaparte, thus explains the column which this medal was meant to commemorate : he says, " a column has been erected in one of the most magnificent of our squares (Place Vendome) ; on the bronzes, which are to cover this, our exploits will be engraven ; Victory will point to Italy twice subdued ; to Vienna, to Berlin, and Warsaw, opening their gates. Frenchmen will view this monu- ment with pride. Let there be engraven on it these memorable words of the Emperor : " I have felt, that in order to be happy, it was necessary for me first to be assured of the happiness of France." This column, intended to be similar to that erect- ed at Rome, to the honor of Trajan, was ordered to be two metres and seventy-three centimetres in dia- meter, and twenty metres, seventy-pight centimetres in height ; in English measure, the elevation is 123 feet, including the pedestal, which is about twenty-two feet, and from seventeen to twenty in breadth, corresponding with the cornice; the base of the shaft is about twelve 120 feet in diameter; the shaft to be adorned with 108 allegorical figures in bronze, representing the depart- ments of the Republic. On a pedestal at top, is to be placed a pedestrian statue of the Emperor Napoleon ; this statue was eleven feet high, and weighed 51l2lbs. ; it is now in London. This superb pillar was construct- ed under the direction of M. Denon, according to the design of M. Lepere the architect: it was begun in the month of August, 1807, and completed in August, 1810. Over the entrance was a tablet with this inscription : Napoleo . Imp. Aug. Monument urn belli Germanici, Anno MDCCCV. Trimestri spatio, ducto suo profligati ex aere capto, Glorias exercitus maximi dicavit. " Napoleon, the august Emperor, has consecrated this pillar to the honour of the grand army : a monu- ment composed of brass, conquered from the enemy during the war in Germany, in 1805; a war which, under his command, was terminated in the space of three months." A succession of bets reliefs engraved upon brass plates, commences from the bottom of the shaft, which retrace in chronological order the principal actions of the campaign of 1805 ; the first plate begins in a point or apex, and represents the sea bounded by the horizon ; ascending in a spiral form, it then takes the figure of an elongated triangle, exhibiting the small and then the larger waves, and lastly, the flotilla at Dunkirk ; then the passage of the Rhine at various points, by the whole army, on the 25th, 26th, and 27th of September, 121 1805 ; a little upon the turn of the pillar, Napoleon and the king of Wirtemberg are seen in interview. On the left, is seen Virtue and Merit in the act of being re- warded, and a dragoon receives the cross of the Legion of Honour from the hands of Napoleon : then appears the representation of the different battles. The 16th plate represents young Dubois, a celebrated fifer; he is seen at the head of his corps. These bas reliefs are divided into compartments, about three feet in length, by three feet eight in breadth, a cordon or spiral garter runs be- tween each of the bas reliefs, and bears the inscription of the action they represent. No LXXII. L'ARC DE TRIOMPHE. Obverse, similar to the preceding. Reverse a triumphal arch, surmounted by a chariot, in which stands the Emperor drawn by four horses ; on the pediment over the centre arch, a tablet with the inscription, NAPOLEON EMP. ET ROI, fyc. fyc. ; on each side of the tablet a bas relief: over the arches NAPOLEON , i . EM- PEREUR DES FRANCIS ROI D'ITALIE, under- neath bas reliefs. Exergue, AUX ARMES MDCCCVI. BRENET F. FONTAINE ARC. DENON D. Size, IT* inches. THIS medal commemorates the erection of the trium- R 122 phal arch in the place de Carousel, , at Paris : it is modelled after the antique arch of Septimius Severus. It consists of three arches, crossed by a transverse arch; its altitude is about 45 feet, breadth 60 feet, and its thickness 28 feet; the area of the centre arch is near 14 feet, that of the others about 8* feet; the whole is formed of hard Italian sand-stone of a very fine grain. Eight columns of the red marble of Languedoc em- bellish the two principal fronts, and support a project- ing entablature; the frieze is composed of Italian griote, upon which are placed as many statues as represent the costume of the infantry and cavalry, which compose the French army ; these columns are of the Corinthian order, and have their bases and capitals of bronze ; the concaves over the lateral portals are decorated with thunderbolts, branches of laurel and palms, and also with various bas reliefs representing the principal events of the reign of Napoleon, all of excellent workmanship ; the four ce- lebrated horses of Lysippus, brought from Venice, are attached to the car, which surmounts the whole. The same orator, as mentioned in the preceding medal, says : " This triumphal arch will be ever beheld with emotions of love. Here every heart will praise him, who was the author of so much good ; let us render our homage, by wishing that his talents as a warrior may be- come useless ; he will always find within himself our springs of greatness ; his renown as a conqueror, will be but the weakest part of his glory." 123 No. LXXIII. CONFEDERATION DU RHIN. Obverse Head of Napoleon, encircled with a laurel wreath. Legend, NAPOLEON EMP. ET ROI. Exergue, ANDRIEU F. DENON DIR T; Reverse a group of warriors armed with spear and shield, swearing fidelity to each other, and to the cause in which they are engaged; the shields of those in front have their arms emblazoned on them ; in the centre of the group is seen Cardinal Fesch, he being nominated primate of the confederation, with his Car dinaV s hat, cross, fyc.; they are arrang- ed around a fasces, the centre of which is the eagle standard of France. Exergue, CON- FEDERATION DU RHIN MDCCCVI. BRENET F. DENON D. Size, If e inches. THE fatal battle of Austerlitz, as we have before ob- served, put an end to the greatness of Austria, and vir- tually subverted the substance of the Germanic Con- stitution ; its form was not suffered long to remain. The Emperor Napoleon having determined that there should not exist on the continent, any power that might be capable of opposing his designs, artfully contrived to dismember the German Empire, dissolve the Germanic union, and induce the Emperor to resign his office and 124 dignity, which ever since the days of Charles the Great or Charlemagne, had been preserved inviolate amidst the revolutions of kingdoms and states, and the general convulsions of Europe. In pursuance of these views, a new sort of union was formed among several of the German Princes, under the name of the confederation of the Rhine. The kings of Bavaria and Wirtemberg, the Arch- Chancellor, the Elector of Baden, the Duke of Berg, the Landgrave of Hesse Darmstadt, the Princes of Nassau Weilbourg, and Nassau Usingen, of Hohenzollern, Hechingen, Siegma- ringen, Salm-Salm, Salm-Kyrburg, Isenburg, Birstein, and Lichtenstein, the Duke of Aremberg, and the Count of Leyen, published at Ratisbon, a declaration purporting, that as the Germanic Constitution then existing, could afford no guarantee to the public tran- quillity, the contracting parties had agreed, that their states should be for ever separated from the Germanic body, and united by a particular confederation, under the title of " The Confederate States," of which the Emperor of the French was constituted the head and protector. This treaty of confederation was projected and drawn up at Paris, and ratified at Munich, on the 25th July, 1806 : it consisted of forty articles relative to the territories which each of the contracting power* were to possess, and other important particulars. Every continental war in which either France or any of the confederates should be engaged was to be common to all ; the contingent to be furnished by each of the mem- bers, was determined in the following proportion ; France 200,000 men, Bavaria 30,000, Wirtemberg 12,000, Baden 8,000, Berg 5,000, Darmstadt 4,000, Nassau and the other states 4,000. The king of Bava- 125 ria bound himself to fortify Augsburg and Lindau, and to form and maintain in the first of these places, artillery establishments, and in the latter a depot of small arms and ammunition sufficient for a reserve : he also engaged to institute at Augsburg, a baking es- tablishment sufficient for the immediate supply of the armies in the event of a war. The contingent of the allies was subdivided into four parts, and the assembly was to decide how many of those should be called into action, in the event of any foreign or neighbouring power creating alarm by its warlike preparations; but the armament was to take place only on the summons of the Emperor of the French, as the head and protector of the confederation. The city of Frankfort was fixed on for the meeting of the general assembly of the con- federates ; and the union was to admit of the accession of the other German princes and states, whenever it should be consistent with the general interest. By this confederation the Germanic body was com- pletely dissolved, and a very considerable part of its members ranged themselves under the banners of France. The Emperor, Francis II., in consequence of this dis- organization, resigned his high office of Emperor of Germany, and took that alone of Emperor of Austria. Thus was dissolved the German, or as it was styled in diplomatic language, the holy Roman Empire; 1006 years after Charlemagne received the imperial title and crown from the hands of the Pope at Rome. 126 No. LXXIV. BATAILLE D'JENA. Obverse Head of Napoleon. On base of the bust, ANDRIEU F. Legend, NAPOLEON BMP. ET ROI. Reverse Napoleon, in the cha- racter of Jupiter, seated on his eagle, on wing, in the clouds, hurling his thunderbolts on old and young below, who are lying dead and dying on the rocks. Exergue, BATAILLE D'JENA. M.DCCCVI. DENON D. GALLE F. Size, if inches. THE reverse of this medal bears an allusion to the overthrow of the giants by Jupiter. 127 No. LXXV. AUTRE SUR LE MEME SUJET (BA- TATLLE D'JENA). Obverse, similar to the preceding. Under the head, or exergue, ANDRIEU F. Reverse Napoleon in armour, of Roman costume, on horseback, at full speed; his head laureated, in his right hand he holds a thunderbolt, which he is about to hurl on prostrate warriors beneath; in the air hovers the eagle of France. Legend, BORVSSI DIDICERE NUPER. AN- DRIEU F. Exergue, EXERCITV AD IENAM. DELETO. xiv OCTOB. M.DCCCVi. Size same as the preceding". THESE two medals were struck, under the inspec- tion, and by the order of the government of France, to commemorate the battle of Jena. The night pre- ceding this great event, presented a remarkable spec- tacle : two great armies, one of which extended its front upon a line of six hours march, and illuminated the air with its lights; the other appeared more con- densed, the lights of which seemed to be brought nearly into one point ; in both all was watchfulness and motion. The lights of the two armies were at half cannon shot distance only ; their centinels almost met ; and not a sin- gle motion on either side, but what could be perfectly heard by the other. A thick fog obscured the morning. Napoleon, pass- ing before the different lines, commanded the soldiers to take care of the Prussian cavalry, which was reputed 128 the best in the world ; and stated " that the Prussians at that moment did not fight for glory, but for a retreat, and that the corps of the French army which should let them pass, would lose its honour ;" he also reminded them that a year had not elapsed since Ulm was taken; that the Prussian army, now before them, like the Aus- trians at that period, was surrounded, had been driven from its line of operations, and had lost its magazines. To this military harangue, the soldiers replied " iet us onward." The Prussian army, in the mean while, had no other view than to engage as soon as the fog should clear up. A body of 50,000 men posted itself, to cover the defiles of Naumburg, and to gain possession of the passes of Koesen ; but the design of this movement was frus- trated by Marshal Davoust. The rest of the Prussian force, consisting of about 80,000 strong, was placed opposite to the army of the French, which was opening out from the level height of Jena. The fog continued for the space of two hours, but at last cleared up ; and the hostile armies beheld each other at a distance less than cannon shot. The left wing of the French sup- porting itself against a village, and a wood was com- manded by Marshal Augereau. The imperial guard opened its fire at the centre, which was supported by Marshal Lasnes : the right wing was drawn together out of the corps of Marshal Soult, who had left only a small body of 2,000 men, partly composed of troops which had arrived from his light corps. The Prussian army, which seems to have consisted of about 130,000 men, displayed a fine cavalry, and fought with great bravery. The King of Prussia had two horses shot under him. Their manreuvres were correctly and rapidly executed ; but they were at last 129 thrown into dreadful confusion. The French dra- goons and cuirassiers, with the Duke of Berg at their head, bore the Prussian cavalry and infantry down be- fore them. In vain did the Prussians form themselves into a square ; five of their battalions, cavalry, in- fantry, and artillery, were all taken. On the right wing, Marshal Davoust was completely successful, constantly fighting for the space of three hours; he pursued the great body of the Prussians from the defiles of Koesen. The battle was sanguinary in the extreme, 250,000 or probably 300,000 men, of which the two armies were composed, with 700 or 800 pieces of artillery, scattered death in every direction, and exhibited one of the most awful scenes recorded in history. The result was the most decisive in favour of the French that could be imagined; the loss of the Prussians, according to the bulletins of the French, was above 20,000 killed and wounded, and from 30,000 to 40,000 prisoners, with 300 pieces of can- non, sixty standards, and immense magazines of warlike stores and provisions. The Duke of Brunswick was mortally wounded, and expired a few days afterwards at Altena ; above twenty of the Prussian generals were taken prisoners. Though suspicions may attach to this French account of the battle of Jena, the disastrous and extraordinary consequences of this memorable action were such as to render exaggeration unnecessary, and almost impossi- ble ; the rapid successes of the French, and the accu- mulated misfortunes of the Prussians, are without pre- cedent in military history. The Emperor of the French immediately took possession of Potsdam and Berlin, where he levied vast contributions. 130 No. LXXVI. ENTREE A BERLIN. Obverse Head and legend similar to the pre- ceding. On base of the bust, and under the head, ANDRIEU F. DENON DIR T< Reverse a triumphal arch, surmounted by a figure of Peace (or Victory) in a chariot, drawn by four horses, holding an olive branch in her hand. Legend PORTE DE BRANDEBOURG. Exergue, L'EMPEREUR ENTRE A BERLIN LE XXVII OCTOBRE M.DCCCVI. DENON. D T JALEY. F T - Size, I A inches. AFTER the decisive battle of Jena, the Emperor of the French took possession of Potsdam and Berlin, and sent as trophies of his victory, to Paris, the sword, scarf, and the insignia of the black eagle, which Fre- derick the Great had worn, also all the colours he took in the seven years war, and ordered them to be placed in the Hospital des Invalides. And further, to gratify the long wounded vanity of the French, he took down the monument erected in commemoration of the battle of Rosbach, and ordered it also to be conveyed to Paris, as a proof that the disgrace which that day had brought on the French arms, was at length effaced. On the 28th of October, 1806, he held a court at Berlin, and received and gave audience to many of the inha- bitants of the city. No. LXXVIJ. CAPITULATION DES QUATRE FOR- TERESSES DE LA PRUSSE. Obverse Head and legend similar to the preceding; on base of the bust, ANDRIEU F. Reverse Four female figures ivith turretted crowns on their heads, emblematic of the four fortresses which capitulated to the arms of Napoleon in Prussia ; the keys of the fortres- ses are falling from their hands, on their perceiving the Emperor mounted on the Ea- gle of France, which is hovering over them in the air; in the talons of the Eagle, is thefulmen of flames, denoting his dire venge- ance. Legend, JEUFFROY F. DENON DIR. Exergue, CAPITULATION DE SPANDAU, STET- TIN, MAGDEBOURG ET CUSTRIN. MDCCCVI. Size, If inches. THIS medal is meant to perpetuate part of the severe losses sustained by the king of Prussia, during the un- fortunate campaign of 1806. On the 25th October, the strong fortress of Spandau was obliged to capitulate to the arms of France, with Prince Hohenloe and several thousand men. On the 29th, the town of Stettin sur- rendered to General La Salle. On the 1st November, the fortress of Custrin was reduced ; and on the 8th of the same month, the important fortress of Magdebourg also surrendered by capitulation to the French arms. 132 No. LXXVIII. ALLIANCE AVEC LA SAXE. Obverse The profile heads of Napoleon and Charlemagne combined; the head of Napo- leon encircled with a laurel wreath, that of Charlemagne with a crown. Legend, NA- POLEON . EMP. CHARLEMAGNE. EMP . AN M.DCCCVI. On the base of the bust of Napo- leon, ANDRIEU F. ; and under tJie head, DE- NON DIR. Reverse the heads of Wittekind and Frederick Augustus of Saxony combined; the head of Wittekind crowned, the bust of Au- gustus in scaled armour. Legend, VITIKIND. R. S. FREDERIC . AUG. R. S. AN M.DCCC.VI. T/16 names of the artist and director^ ANDRIEU F. DENON DIR. are in similar situations as on the obverse. Size, 1ft inches. NAPOLEON here identifies himself with Charle- magne, and Frederick Augustus is made to assimilate with Wittekind, the celebrated chief of the Saxons, who for thirty years contended against all the power of Charlemagne ; and who, after his final submission to that conqueror, still retained large territorial posses- sions, together with the ducal title. On the alliance of the Elector of Saxony with Na- poleon, he gained, in addition to the royal title of King, the title of Duke of Warsaw, also large domains taken from Prussia and Germany, which were added to his former states. This medal was ordered to be struck, at the National Mint, by the government of France, to perpetuate this event 133 No. LXX1X. OCCUPATION D'HAMBOURG. Obverse Head of Napoleon laureated. Le- gend, NAPOLEON EMP. ET KOI. On base of the lust, ANDRIEU F. Reversethe city alle- gorically represented by a female full drap- ed, sitting on the side of an antique ship or galley, crowned with turrets, her right hand rests on a rudder or oar, of antique form; and in her left she supports a cor- nucopia filled with wheat ears and fruit, the produce of various climes, emblematic of the riches produced by trade and commerce ; on the right projects the prow or rostrum of the ship, on which appears three naked swords, emblematic of conquest or war; the ornament on the stern or aft part of the ship on the left is formed of the head and neck of an eagle looking inwards. Legend, OCCU- PATION D'HAMBOURG. Exergue, MDCCCVI. DENON DIREC 1 ' GEORGE F. SlZ6, 1A inches. THIS medal records the taking possession of the neutral city of Hamburg, and the seizure of all Bri- tish property that was found there, by the French, in the year 1806 ; a formal notification was first given to the Court of Berlin, that the city of Hamburg, Bre- men, and Lubec would not be permitted to join the Northern Confederation, as the Emperor of the French 134 intended to take them under his own protection, which was accordingly done; and the National Medal Mint wag ordered, by the Government of France, to perpetuate the event, by composing and striking a medal on the occupation of Hamburg. No. LXXX. LES AIGLES FRANCA1SES SUR LA VISTULE. Obverse Head and legend similar to the pre- ceding medal. Reverse a Naide reclining uncloathed, disconsolate, her head droops, her right arm, in repose, rests carelessly on her right thigh, her hair long, which amply flows behind, on her left, and also over Iier right shoulder and hip ; in her left hand a shovel or spade, with which she seems to have opened a passage in the rock, and the water is gushing out, which, by the position of the spade, she wishes to prevent. In the centre, the eagle standard of France is erected; in the back ground, two massy rocks are seen. Legend, DENON D. On the left base of the ground, BRENET. F. Exergue, SIGNIS VLTRA V1STVLAM CONSTITVTIS. MDCCCVII. Size, 1 & inches. AFTER the fatal defeat of the Prussian army at Jena, 135 his Prussian Majesty retired to Koningsberg, where he was actively employed in collecting the scattered and feeble remains of his once formidable force. The French, in the mean while, rapidly advancing, passed the Oder, took all the fortresses in their route, and at last approached the Vistula, on the banks of which they planted their exulting eagle, which event this medal is meant to commemorate. 136 No. LXXXI. BATAILLE D'EYLAU. Obverse similar to the preceding. Reverse the Emperor Napoleon, represented as the genius of War and France, seated on a pile of warlike arms, undraped, the head laureated, a sword in the right hand, and the penate goddess, Victo- ria, standing on a globe, in the other. The idea of this allegory seems to have been derived from a medal of Nero's, indicative of Rome ; u;here her look and posture denote dignity, as her at- tributes do the conquest of the icorld by her achievements in war ; accordingly the poets call her the martial city, the eternal city, the mistress of all cities, and goddess over all nations: no doubt such flattery, attributed to Napoleon and France, fully gratified the ambition of the one and the pride of the other. Legend, VICTORIAE MANENTI. DE- NON D. On the base, the artist's name, B RE- NET. Exergue, BATAILLE DE PREUSS EY- LAU VIII FEVRIER MDCCCVII. Size, ITS m- ches. THE great and sanguinary battle of Eylau began on the 7th of February, about three in the afternoon, and with a short intermission during the night, continued 137 till midnight on the 8th ; during this time, the attacks of the French, under the immediate direction and eye of Napoleon, were incessant and impetuous, and re- pulsed by the Russians with invincible bravery and courage. The loss of men on both sides must there- fore have been exceedingly great. In regard to the final issue of this memorable and sanguinary action, in which both sides claimed the victory, nothing can be more discordant and flatly contradictory than the Rus- sian official accounts, and the French bulletins, which shew that neither have a claim to implicit credit. Sub- sequent circumstances tend to shew that the action, however sanguinary, was indecisive, and that neither party could boast of any great advantage. At mid- night, when the carnage ceased, the Russians remained masters of the field of battle ; but in the morning, they began to retreat, and left the French to take possession of Eylau, on which event this medal was directed to be struck and issued from the National Medallic Mint at Paris. LXXX1I. SEJOUR A OST^RODE. Obverse Head of Napoleon laureated. Under the head, ANDRIEU F. DENON DIR T ' Legend, NAPOLEON A osTERODE. Reverse the head of Fabius. Legend, FABIUS CUNCTATOR. Under the head, or exergue, DENON DIR T> Size, If inches. OF this medal, but little explanation more than is T 138 found on its face, is necessary here. Napoleon having rested at Ostrode, gave rise to its being struck by order of the French government. The head of Fabius on the reverse evidently alludes in a degree to some part of the events in the life of Napo- leon. Q. Maximus Fabius, from a dull and unpromising childhood, burst at once into deeds of valour and he- roism, and was gradually raised by merit to the highest offices of the state. In his first consulship he obtained a victory over Liguria, and the fatal battle of Thrasy- menus occasioned his election to the Dictatorship ; id this important office, he began to oppose Hannibal, not by fighting him in the open field, like his predecessors, but he continually harassed his army by countermarches and ambuscades, for which he received the surname of Cunctator or Delayer. Such operations, for the com- mander of the Roman armies, gave offence to some, and Fabius was even accused of cowardice. He died in his 100th year, after he had been five times Consul, and twice honoured with a triumph. 139 No. LXXXIII. DELIVRANCE DE DANTZIC. Obverse Head similar to foregoing ; on the base of the bust, ANDRIEU F. Legend, NAPO- LEON EMP. ET ROI. Reverse the Emperor; his head laureated, in imperial robes, receiv- ing a female, allegorical of the city of Dant- zic, who is in the act of kneeling; he is raising her with his left hand, and is placing a turret fed crown on her head; behind her, a winged caduceus with entwined serpents ; be- hind the Emperor, the ornamental prow of an antique ship. Legend, ANDRIEU F. DENON DIR. Exergue, LIBERTAS DANTISCO RES- TITVTA. MDCCCVII. SlZC, If WC/lS. AFTER the battle of Eylau, the grand armies of France and Russia remained a considerable time in a state of inactivity. Warlike operations however con- tinued in Swedish Pomerania, under the command of Jerome Bonaparte, where after a number of actions fought with various success, the Swedes were at last driven into Stralsund. In the month of April, a divi- sion of the French army commenced the siege of Dant- zic. The garrison made vigorous sorties, ad several obstinate actions took place in the environs. General Kalkreuth, who commanded in Dantzic, ordered the houses in the suburbs to be destroyed to the value of nine millions of livres, and the damages occasioned in 140 the city itself, by the cannonade and bombardment, were estimated at twelve millions. The Russians, however, notwithstanding their pretended victory at Eylau, could never make an effort for its relief, and Dantzic surrendered by capitulation to the French, on the 28th May, 1807, after the garrison had been re- duced from 16,000 to 9,000 men, of whom not less than 4,000 are said to have deserted. The capture of this city was styled by the French, " the first fruits of their victory of Eylau," so decidedly claimed by General Benningsen ; and it must be allowed, that the surrender of so important a city and fortress, in the very face of a Russian army, was a very unfavorable omen. 141 No. LXXXIV. BATAILLE DE FRIEDLAND. Obverse Head and Legend, similar to the pre- ceding medal. Reverse a full length figure of Napoleon in the character of Mars, in the front he is undraped, the chlamys buckled on his chest falls behind ; his head helmeted, and he appears in the act of sheathing his sword; on the ground, lies dead and wounded, the natural concomitant of ivar; on the right, the olive tree of peace is planted ; on the left, the torch of war appears reversed, and nearly extin- guished. Legend, GALLE F. Exergue, BA- TAILLE DE FRIEDLAND XIV JUIN MDCCCVII. Size, l^t inches. ON the 14th June, the anniversary of the battle of Marengo, the fatal battle of Friedland was fought be- tween the Russians and the French. On the morning of that day, Napoleon reminded his troops of their victory at Marengo. At about half-past five o'clock in the evening of that day, the battle commenced ; Marshal Ney, and General Marchand advanced, and General Bisson's division supported their left. The Russians attempted to turn Marshal Ney with several regiments of cavalry, preceded by a numerous body of cossacks ; but General La Tour Maubeuge immediately formed his division of dragoons, and advancing to the right in full gallop, repelled their charge. In the mean while, 142 General Victor ordered a battery of thirty pieces of artillery to be placed in the front of his centre ; and General Summermont having caused it to be moved about 400 paces forward, the Russians sustained a dreadful loss from its fire. The different movements which they made to effect a diversion were useless : se- veral columns of the Russian infantry attacked the right of Marshal Ney's division, but were charged with the bayonet, and driven into the Alle ; where several thou- sands perished in a watery grave. While Marshal Ney advanced to the ravine, which surrounds the town of Friedland, the Russian imperial guards made an im- petuous attack on his left. This corps was for a moment shaken ; but General Dupont's division, which formed the right of the reserve, marched against the guards, and routed them with a dreadful carnage. The Russians than drew several reinforcements from their centre and other corps of reserve, to defend Friedland; but in spite of their efforts, the town was forced, and the streets covered with dead. At this moment, the centre of the French, commanded by Marshal Lasnes, was attacked ; but the Russians could make no impres- sion. This sanguinary contest was chiefly decided by the bayonet ; and the result of the day was the total de- feat of the Russians. The carnage was dreadful : accord- ing to the French Bulletins, the Russians left from 15 to 18,000 dead on the field. In this disastrous battle and retreat, the Russians lost a great part of their artil- lery, and almost all their magazines and ammunition on a line of 120 miles in extent. And the battle of Fried- land was not less decisive than those of Austerlitz and Jena, nor its consequences less fatal to the independence of Europe. 143 No. LXXXV. LA V1CTOIRE DU 14 JUIN. Obverse, similar to the preceding. Reverse A. winged female draped, representing His- tory, recording on a marble tablet of oval form, the victory of the 14th June, at Maringo and Friedland; on the tablet is inscribed, xiv JUIN MARINGO FRIEDLAND. On the right of the pillar, on which History rests the tablet, is an olive branch. Exergue, BRENET F. DENON D. Size, 1 iV inches. The battle of Friedland having been fought on the anniversary of the battle of Maringo, this Medal was ordered to be struck by the government of France, to perpetuate conjointly these two great events. 144 No. LXXXVI. OCCUPATION DES TROIS CAPI- TALES. Obverse Head and legend similar to the pre- ceding. Reverse three females, with crowns upon their heads, and holding in their hands the keys of the cities which they personify ; they are covered with elegant drapery, the one on the right appears to have been veiled, which she is throwing back, while the other two are intently watching her motions. Legend* BERLIN, VARSOV1E, KOENIGSBERG. Exergue, DENON DIR. GEORGE F. CAMPAGNES DE MDCCCVI ET MDCCCVII. Size, ITS inches. A MEDAL struck to commemorate the taking pos- session of the three cities of Berlin, Warsaw, and Koningsberg. After the fatal battle of Jena, Berlin was immediately occupied by Napoleon, and the city of Warsaw was entered and taken possession of by General Murat, with a division of the French army, and Marshal Soult with his division, took possession of Konings- berg, immediately after the battle of Friedland, where they found 20,000 wounded Russians and Prussians, se- veral hundred thousand quintals of grain, and a vast quantity of warlike stores, with 160,000 muskets, said to have been sent from England. 145 No. LXXXVIT. CONQUETE DE LA SILESIE. Obverse similar to the preceding. Reverse a winged female, allegorical of History, crowned iviih a laurel icreath, partly un- draped, recording with the point of a sword, the conquests of Silesia; on the cubical seat whereon she sits, is a coiled snake ivith the tail in its mouth, emblem of eternity ; at her feet part of a turretted column, inscribed, SILBERBER. Peace, with the olive branch in her hand, is eagerly bending over Victory, and restrains her hand from inserting more. In the back-ground, on the left, a column of seven turrets surmounted by the rounded top of the column; on each of the turrets are ivritten, commencing from the base, G LOG AW . BRESLAW . BRIEG . SCHWE (idnitz.) NEISSE . HOSEL . GLATZ. Legend, ANDRIEU F. DENON DIR. Exergue, CONQUETE DE LA SILESIE MDCCCVII. Size, IT* inches. WHILE the treaty of peace was pending between Prussia and France, the troops of Wirtemberg and Bavaria, under the command of Jerome Bonaparte, undertook the conquest of Silesia, where victory ap- peared to them easy and sure, there being no army to contend with, and the fortified places were destitute of, u 146 as they presumed, the means of any long defence, but the panic which had delivered up so many Prussian fortresses without resistance, had in a degree subsided. Great Glogaw, the capital of Lower Silesia, though in- vested on the 8th of December, and defended by a garrison of only 25,000 men, held out till the 29th ; and Breslau, though bombarded for more than three weeks, did not surrender till the 5th January, follow- ing : an attempt was made to raise the siege by the Prince of Anhalt Pless; but his army drawn from the garrisons in Upper Silesia, after being repeat- edly defeated, was at length dispersed : this disaster finally extinguished all hopes of relief, and Breslau immediately surrendered by capitulation. On the llth January, Brieg surrendered to the French by capitulation. On the 16th February, Schweidnitz was taken possession of. On the 16th May, the town and fort of Neisse was occupied by the French, who found in it 300,000 Ibs. of gunpowder, and 300 pieces of cannon; and on the 19th following, the fortress of Glatz was obliged to capitulate to the French, and lastly, Silverberg, whose emblematic turret at the foot of History, remains to be placed on the summit of the column. The turretted column on the reverse of the medal, points out the several cities and fortresses which thus rapidly fell to the conqueror's power. 147 No. LXXXV11I. PAIX DE TILSIT. Obverse the profile busts of the three Emperors combined, the heads O/'NAPOLEON and ALEXAN- DER are encircled with a laurel wreath ; the head of F. GUILLAUME is encircled with a fillet only. Legend, NAPOLEON, ALEXANDER i., F. GUILLAUME in.; under the heads or exergue, ANDRIEU F. DENON DiR T> Reverse a river- god reclined on his sedgy bed, from his urn the waters rush out, allegorically representing, the Niemen ; in his right hand, he holds a small building, probably intended to represent the temple of Peace; on the left, an olive tree is growing. Legend, N IBM EN. Exergue, PAIX DE TILSIT MDCCCVII. DENON D. DROZ F. Size, If inches. ON the 14th June, 1807, was fought the disastrous and fatal battle of Friedland. See medal 84. On the 9th, at two o'clock, P. M. Bonaparte with his guards entered Tilsit. The Russians were pursued after the battle by the Grand Duke of Berg, at the head of the greater part of the light cavalry, and some divi- sions of dragoons and cuirassiers, the Russians crossed the Niemen, burned the bridge of Tilsit, and continued their retreat eastward. This sanguinary battle was followed by an interview 148 on the 25th June, between the Emperors of France and Russia, and the king of Prussia, on a raft, floated for the purpose on the river Niemen by order of Napoleon ; when an armistice between these powers was entered into, which concluded by a peace signed between France and Russia, on the 7th July, and on the 9th, between France and Prussia ; by which the king of Prussia lost nearly half of his dominions ; the city of Dantzic was declared to be independent ; the greater part of Prus- sian Poland was given, under the title of the Duchy of Warsaw, to the Elector of Saxony, who took the title of king of Saxony ; and Napoleon's brother, Jerome Bona- parte, was recognised by the contracting parties as king of Westphalia. 149 No. LXXX1X. LE GRAND DUCHE DE YARSOVIE. Obverse Head of Napoleon laureated. Le- gend, NAPOLEON EMP. ET ROT. Under base of the head, ANDRIEU F. Reverse a superb chair of state, of a Gothic construction, on which lies a crown; on one side of the chair is the sword, and on the other, the sceptre of state of the Duchy of Warsaw. Legend, PRISCA DECORA RESTITUTA. BRENET F. DE- NON D. Exergue, OTHO in. BOLESLAO . A MI . NEAPOLIO . FRIDERICO AUG. A . MDCCCVII. Size, If inches. A MEDAL struck by order of the French Government on the erection or restitution of the Grand Duchy of Varsovie (or Warsaw,) under the auspices of the Em- peror of the French ; at the peace of Tilsit between France and Prussia, among other domains, the greater part of Prussian Poland was ceded to the French, who gave it, under the title of the Duchy of Warsaw to the elector of Saxony, who then took the title of king of Saxony. The superscription on the exergue of the reverse, alludes to Otho IIL who first made the Empire of Germany elective, A. D. 996, and Boleslaus, who was the first king of the Poles, A. D. 999, and Frederico Augusta, who was now designated by the title of king of Saxony by Napoleon. 150 No. XC. LE ROYAUME DE WESTPHALIE. Obverse similar to the preceding. Reverse a representation of the antique statue, com- monly knoivn by the name of Alexander and Bucephalus, on the Monte Cavallo, at Rome ; the figure of Alexander is here represented with the head of Napoleon, laureated. Le- gend, INJECIT TANDEM FRENA VAGANTI. Ex- ergue, ERECTION DU ROYAUME DE WESTPHA- LIE MDCCCVII. BRENET F. DENON D. Size, If inches. WESTPHALIA having been erected into a kingdom under the auspices of the Emperor Napoleon, he placed his younger brother Jerome upon the throne, with the title of king of Westphalia. This new founded king- dom Napoleon had consolidated from portions of terri- tory and population wrested from Prussia, Hesse, Han- over, Brunswick, and other states, and for which he formed a complete epitome of the French Empire, in the form of its legislation and government. The law of conscription, and the system of commercial ex- clusion prevailed there in full force, and reduced the he- terogeneous mass to a condition purely military. A state so constituted, in the midst of what was denomi- nated the Rhenish confederacy, operated as a powerful check on them, and served as a point of appui to 'France, in the future extension of her conquests. 151 No. XCI. MARIAGE DU RO1 DE WEST- PHALIE. Obverse Head and legend similar to the pre- ceding. Reverse two winged Cupids, one of which is seated on a stone, tveaving a wreath of roses, by his side, burns the torch of Hymen ; the other Cupid with his bow and quiver slung at his back, appears to be culling from a basket the flowers for his companion : on the front margin of the ground, ANDRIEU F. DENON D. Exergue, j. NAPOLEON . c. DE . WURTEMBERG; in the centre, the letter N, emanating rays, which cover part of the inscription and also the date, MDCCCVII. Size, If inches. THIS medal was struck by order of the government of France, to commemorate the marriage of Jerome Bona- parte, king of Westphalia, with Catharine, daughter of the king of Wirtemberg, by his first wife Caroline of Brunswick. 152 No. XC1I. REUNION DE L'ETRURIE A L'EM- P1RE. Obverse Head and legend similar to the pre- ceding. Reverse Napoleon habited in ar- mour of Roman costume ; the imperial robe or paludamentum, fastened by a clasp, over his right shoulder, falls gracefully behind; in his left hand, the imperial staff; his right is stretched out towards a female, who is offer- ing to him various emblems ; as a laurel wreath, globe, compasses, limner's brushes, and a scroll, or code, probably of the laws : in the back-ground an altar, against which rests an antique lyre. Legend, BRENET F. DENON D. Exergue, REUNION DE L'ETRURIE A LA FRANCE MDCCCVIII. Size, If inches. NAPOLEON having issued a decree, stating, that the kingdom of Etruria had ceased to be a kingdom, and that it had become a state of France by right of con- quest and treaty, a medal was directed to be struck and issued from the national medal mint, to commemorate this event ; when Maria Louisa, regent of Etruria, in the name of her infant son, was compelled to announce to her subjects the cession of that kingdom to Bona- parte as the sovereign of Italy; and on the llth De- cember. 1807, the French troops took possession of it. 153 No. XCIII. LE SIMPLON. Obverse Head and legend same as the preced- ing. Reverse a sitting colossal figure of an old man, emblematic of a mountain-god; his right leg is thrown across his left thigh, the foot of which rests on the pinnacle top of a smaller mountain beneath ; his left foot is placed on the fore-ground, at the base of the mountain, wliich is washed by rapid ivaters ; his arms are supported on the tops of lofty mountain peaks ; from the base ascends a wind- ing path, ichereon is seen an army with its whole material ascending the craggy steep, and winding its ivay hy a path, up the right arm of the figure, on which are seen the advanced- guard; on the base of the mountain, 1807. Exergue, SIMPLON. Size, If inches. BY a decree of the 12th November, Napoleon united to the French Empire, the territory of the Valais, under the name of the department of Simplon, a name derived from one of the mountains of the Alps, situate on the side of Great St. Bernard, Mont Blanc is on the other : these three great mountain masses are all recorded by the medals of Napoleon. (See Nos. 12 and 34.) The pretexts for this annexation were, that the Simplon, con- necting France and Italy, had cost both treasuries 154 eighteen millions of livres; that the Valais had not C? * adhered to its engagements; and that it was neces>ary to put an end to the struggles for power among the po- pulation. This annexation was deemed of sufficient im- portance by the French government, for a medal to be struck and issued from the national mint, to perpetuate the event. No. XCIV. ROUTE DE NICE A ROME. Obverse Head and legend similar to the preced- ing. Reverse the Goddess For tuna seated on a rocky shore, half draped, her left arm rests on a wheel; the base of the rock appears washed by a rough sea, on ivhich is ptaced her left foot; her right rests on the land. In the back-ground, a ridge of conical moun- tains, out topping each other, on the highest peak of these, her right hand is placed. Ex- ergue, ROUTE DE NICE A ROME MDCCCVII. GAYRARD F. DENON DIR. SlZ, If inches. THE allegory on the reverse of this medal seems to imply, by the foot of Fortune resting on the sea, that she has conducted him through the passages of the dreary deep ; and, by her right foot being placed on the level of the rocky shore whereon she sits, that by her assistance, he was relanded in safety (atJFcejus) 155 on his return. Her right hand being placed on the mountain top, we presume to think alludes to his good fortune in being enabled, by her assistance, to pass with his army the almost insurmountable obsta- cle, the great St. Gothard, whereby he atchieved that ever renowned battle, Maringo. The exergue denotes the place of his departure (Nice) on his going to Rome, for the purpose of taking possession of that city and the ecclesiastical states ; or the whole of the reverse may probably allude to his route over dreary moun- tains and rapid rivers during this peregrination. We merely hazard the above conjectures from the great difficulty we have met with throughout, in attempting to elucidate the precise meaning of the artist. No. XCV. L'AIGLE COURONNISE. Obverse Head and Legend similar to the pre- ceding. Reverse the Eagle of France erect on the fulminating sceptre. Over the Eagle, a vic- tory on wing, in the act of crowning the bird with a laurel wreath. Exergue, the letter N, from which emanate rays of glory, DENON D T> JALEY F T - 18U7. Size, H inches. THE Eagle of France having been victorious under the guidance of the Emperor Napoleon in all his cam- paigns, a medal was ordered to be struck to perpetuate the same. No. XCVI. BATAILLE DE SOMMO-SIERRA. Obverse Head of Bonaparte laureated. Le- gend, NAPOLEON EMP. ET ROI, iv it /tin a dotted circle. On the base of the neck of the bust, DROZ FECIT. Exergue, DENON DIREX. M.DCCCVI. Reverse the Emperor as Mars, in an antique chariot, with his two horses. Flight and Terror, at full speed, appears to be effecting a passage between two pillars ; he holds the reins in his left hand, and with his right, is about to hurl the fulmen of his ven- geance on a falling figure tcho grasps with his left arm one of the pillars, which appears bro- ken and tottering, while with his right, he strives to oppose the passage with his Jlaming torch ; the other pillar remains firm and erect: round his right thigh is entwined a venomed snake; beneath him, on the ground, instru- ments of torture, fyc., presumed to have been used in the inquisition ; this figure represents one of the Eumenides or Furies. On tfie base of the ground, to the left, JEU. the abbreviated name of the artist, Jeuffroy. Exergue, BA- TAILLEDE SOMMO SIERRA. I/INQUISITION DE- TRUITE MDCCCVIII. Size, If inches. NAPOLEON having entered Spain, in order to con- 157 duct the operations of the war, and the conquest of that kingdom, and the patriotic armies under Generals Belvedere, Blake, and Castanos, having been suc- cessively defeated at Burgos, Espinosa, and Tudela ; the Emperor forced the pass of Somma Sierra, called Puerto, and advanced to Madrid: this important pass lies over the mountains which divide Old and New Castile ; it was defended by 13,000 men of the Spanish army of reserve, under the orders of General San Juan, with sixteen pieces of cannon, and was forced by a divi- sion under the command of the Duke of Belluno, on the 30th November, 1808. No. XCVII. L'ENTREE A MADRID. Head of Bonaparte laureated. On the base of the bust, ANDRIEU F. Legend, NAPOLEON BMP. ET ROI. Obverse View of the beau- tiful gate of Alcala, at Madrid. Legend, PORTE DE ALCALA. Exergue, ENTREE DES FRAN^AIS A MADRID LE IV. DECEMBRE MDCCCVIII. BRENET F. DENON D. Size, If inches. AFTER the battle of Tudela, and forcing the pass of Puerto, the French Emperor advanced towards Ma- drid. On the 1st of December, the French cavalry appeared before the city, and were driven back from 158 the gates several times; but on the 3d they were in possession of the gate of Alcala, and also of the Reteiro. The junta then hoisted a white flag: the people pulled it down, and persisted in their design of defending the city to the last ; but this enthusiasm soon subsided, and when they learnt that the French were fortifying themselves in the Reteiro, they peaceably retired to their respective homes. During the night of December 3d, a Spanish officer, who had been taken prisoner at Puerto, brought a message from General Berthier, summoning, for the second time, Madrid to surrender. The Marquis of Castellar, Captain General of Castile, in answer, demanded a suspension of hosti- lities, for the purpose of consulting the constituted authorities, though these had a secret correspondence with the French, and had already come to a determi- nation on the subject. When intelligence, that the French had forced the pass of Puerto, reached Madrid, a council was held, at which the Honorable Mr. Stuart, the British envoy at. Madrid, was present. Don T. Morla opened the coun- cil, and expatiated, at great length, on the hopeless state of affairs; and urged the necessity of immediately capitulating for the city. When he finished, another of the council arose, and reproaching Morla for his pro- posal, stated, that the advice of Morla was more suited to a minister of Joseph Bonaparte, than to a minister of King Ferdinand. On the morning of the 4th, the Marquis of Castellar sent a letter to Berthier, which produced a peremptory summons to surrender immediately. In the evening of the same day, Don T. Morla with Don Bertrando Yriarte waited on Berthier, who introduced them to 159 Bonaparte, who told them, that if the city did not tender its submission by five or six o'clock the follow- ing morning, he would take it by assault, and every one found with arms in his hands, should be put to the sword. The Spanish troops on this were sent off in the dead of the night, by the gates of Segovia and Tudela, and the capitulation was carried into effect. From Madrid Bonaparte published a manifesto to the Spanish Nation, in which he promised them all good things, if they received with sincerity bis brother Joseph for their king ; if not, he would put the crown on his own head, treat them as a conquered province, and find another kingdom for Joseph. 160 No. XCVIII. RUPTURE DU TRAITfe DE PRES- BOURG ET BATA1LLES D'ABENS- BERG ET DECKMUHL. Obverse Napoleon, full length, standing in armour of Roman costume, head laureated, his arms stretched out to the right and left, towards huge piles of military trophies and paraphernalia. Legend, over his head, ABENS- BERG * ECKMUHL. DENON D. BRENET F. Ex- ergue, BATAILLES DES xx. ET xxn. AVRIL MDCCCIX. XL.M. PRISONNIERS. Reverse a building similar to medal No. LXIII. the portal here is partly destroyed, the ruins of which lie scattered on the steps, alluding to the rupture of the peace of Presbourg ; on the attic, above the entablature, is inscribed, TEM- PLVM. JANI, and surmounted by the bust of Ja- nus Quadriformis. Legend, the artist's and directors name, ANDRIEU F. DENON DIR. Exergue, TRAITE DE PRESBOURG ROMPU PAR L'AUTRICHE ix AVRIL MDCCCIX. Size, If inches. THE Emperor Napoleon having arrived at the army, immediately commenced his operations against the Austrians; and on April 19th, the day he arrived, two 16J actions took place, one at Pfaffenhausen, which was only an affair of posts, the other at Tan, in these the Austrians sustained a considerable loss. The French Emperor, on the 20th of April, attacked and totally defeated the corps of the Archduke Louis and Gene- ral Wibler, at Abensberg. He led on in person the troops of Bavaria and Wurtemberg. The Dukes of Auerstadt, Rivoli, Dantzic, and Montebello at- tacking the left of the Austrians, bore down all before them, and greatly contributed to the victory. The Austrians were defeated, with the loss of eight stand- ards, twelve pieces of cannon, and 18,000 prisoners. Napoleon, without losing a moment of time, advanced to Landshut, which was now left uncovered. The Duke of Jstria overwhelmed the Austrian cavalry, which were drawn up for the defence of the place. Landshut was stormed and carried by General Mouten and the Duke of Rivoli, and 9000 prisoners, with thirty pieces of cannon, 600 caissons, and 3000 baggage wag- gons were taken. On the 22nd, the French Emperor attacked the Austrian Generalissimo, the Archduke Charles, who, with an army of 110.000 men, was posted at Eckmuhl. The Dukes of Montebello, Auerstadt, and Dantzick, and General Mouton, attacked the Austrians at all points, and drove them from their position. They retired in the night, and left all their wounded, a great part of their artillery, and 20,000 prisoners, in the hands of the French, who, without loss of time, marched to Ralisbon, and carried that city by assault. In this battle, the French Eraperor experienced a strik- ing instance of that good fortune by which he had ever been attended, a cannon ball grazed the heel of his boot, without doing him the smallest injury. Y 162 No. XCIX. DEPART DE PARIS, ET ENTREE A VIENNE. Obverse the gate of Saint Martin at Paris, erected in 1764, as a Triumphal Arch. This gate is the grand entrance into Paris from all parts of Flanders. Legend, PORTE S T- MARTIN. ANDRIEU F. DENON DIR. Exergue, L'EMPEREUR PART DE PARIS LE xin AVRIL MDCCCIX. Reverse the gate of Carinthia at Vienna. Above the gate, crossing the field of the medal, PORTE DE CARINTHIE. Over the centre, or principal arch, the Austrian arms ; on each side of which, the inscription L. D. G. R. IS. A. ANNO 1673 G. H. B. R. A. A. Exergue, L'EMPEREUR ENTRE A VIENNE LE XIII MAI MDCCCIX. ANDRIEU F. DENON DIR. Size, If inches. THE prediction of Napoleon, on the commencement of the second Austrian campaign, was fully verified after the disastrous defeat of the Austrians at Abensberg and Eckmuhl. In his proclamation, dated at Hatisbon, April 24th, 1809, he there stated, that before two months should elapse, he would be with his army at Vienna ; subsequent events proved the prediction to be correct. On the 10th of May, his advanced guard appeared before Vienna, and on the 13th, after a feeble resistance, the Austrian capital agreed to a capitula- tion, as the only means of preserving, from destruction, its extensive, magnificent, and opulent city and suburbs. 163 No. C. BATA1LLE D'ESSLING, ET PAS- SAGE DU DANUBE. Obverse Troops passing over a wooden bridge, allegorically representing the army by the various degrees and ranks which are here seen ; these are two pioneers in front, one of which has the initial x marked on his left arm, two standard bearers, with the French eagle standards, two infantry soldiers and four ca- valry, over them hovers the genii of Victory ; her right arm is stretched out, as if directing them onwards ; in her hand the olive wreath, which she holds over the eagle standards ; in her left hand she bears the palm-branch of peace. Legend, ITERVM IBIDEM. BRENET F. DENON D. Exergue, TRAIECTVS v. IULII MDCCCIX. Reverse a River God, allegorical of the Danube, crowned with sedgy reeds, and an ample flowing beard; he appears half sunk in the curling waves, towing boats across the river ; on these are platforms with artillery, and the eagle standard erect. On the right side of the river is seen a wooden bridge, de- molished; and on its banks the eagle standard is erected. Legend, DANVVIVS PONTEM IN- DIGNATVS. Exergue, PROELIVM AD ESLIN- GAM xxn. MAII MDCCCIX. Size, If inches. 164 THIS medal alludes to the destruction of the bridges on the Danube, at the battle of Essling. The Arch- duke had intended to make a grand effort for the pre- servation of Vienna, by suddenly crossing the Danube, and hazarding a battle in front of the capital ; but the rapid operations of Napoleon having frustrated his design, he took a position near the left bank of the river. The French Emperor had taken his position on the right side of the river, and had fixed his head- quarters at Ebersdorff, about six miles below Vienna. Thus the two hostile armies, on the operations of which the fate of Europe was suspended, were posted on the opposite sides of the Danube ; and the passage of such a river, in the face of a formidable enemy, must be considered as one of the most difficult and daring enter- prises recorded in military history. Opposite to Ebersdorff, the head-quarters of Napo- leon, the Danube divides into three branches, formed by two islands. The distance from the right bank to the first island, which is only about ISO toises in cir- cuit, is about 1000 toises. From this island to the larger, which is named Inder Lobau, and is about six English miles in length, and four and a half in breadth, the distance is 120 toises ; in this branch of the river the stream runs with the greatest force. The third branch, which separates Inder Lobau from the left bank, is only seventy toises in breadth (the French toise is about six feet English measure). Napoleon, sensible of the expediency of bringing the contest to a speedy decision, on the 19th of May ordered bridges of pontoons to be constructed over the two first branches. This was speedily effected, and the Emperor having passed over, took possession, on the 20th, of Inder 165 Lobau. He then caused a bridge to be thrown over from that island to the left bank, and this arm of the river requiring only fifteen pontoons, they were fixed in the space of three hours. This work being com- pleted, the French began to pass over in the night; and early in the morning, the Emperor, accompanied by the Prince of Neufchatel and the Dukes of Rivoli and Montebello, arriving on the left bank, examined the localities, and determined the position for waiting the impending attack, posting his right at the village of Essling, and his left at that of Gross Aspern, situated at about four miles to the westward. On the 21st, the Archduke receiving intelligence from the outposts, that a considerable part of the French army had passed the river, and that the rest were rapidly following, judged the moment to be arrived in which an attack might be made with the greatest hope of success. According to the French accounts, his army consisted of 90,000 men, with 200 pieces of artillery : of the number of the French no positive statement has ever appeared, but it is certain that they had got only a small part of their artillery over the river. At four o'clock in the afternoon, the battle commenced, and at night the victory remained undecided ; and the two hostile armies retaining their positions, remained all night under arms, employed in preparations for renewing the combat. During the right, General Oudinot's corps, St. Hilaire's division, two brigades of light cavalry, and the train of artillery, crossed the Danube by the bridges. On the 22d of May, the battle recommenced at four o'clock in the morning ; at seven, intelligence was brought to Napoleon, that a sudden swell of the Da- 166 nube having set afloat a great number of trees which had been cut down near Vienna, the accumulated mass had carried away the bridges thrown over the two first arms of the river. Some of the Austrian accounts say they were destroyed by the means of fire-boats floated down the Danube. All the reserve parks of artillery which were advancing, were, by the loss of the bridges, detained on the right bank, as was also part of the heavy artillery, and the whole of the Duke of Auer- stadt's corps. The cartridges for the artillery and infantry being with the reserve park, could not be brought across the river. These circumstances induced Napoleon to put a stop to the movements in ad- vance, and at length retired, in regular order, to their former position in the island of Inder Lobau. 167 No. CL PRISE DE RAAB. Obverse Head of Napoleon laureated. Under base of the bust, ANDRIEU F. Legend, NA- POLEON EMP. ET ROI. Reverse a reclining figure undraped, his head encircled with sedgy leaves, he rests his left arm on a hogs- head or tun, out ofivhich,from behind, a small figure is escaping; in his right hand he holds a book, or probably an ornamented key- stone ; in the centre of the field, is the eagle standard of France erect. Exergue, LES AIGLES FRANCAISES AU DELA DU RAAB. MDCCCIX. DUBOIS. F. DENON. D. Size, If inches. NAPOLEON having detached the Viceroy of Italy, Eugene Beauharnois, with his army towards Raab, after the disastrous battle of Esslingen, with the double object of concealing his intention in regard to the point which he might choose in crossing the river, and of discovering the sentiments of the Hungarians ; the Archduke John having effected a junction with the Palatine of Hungary, who had furnished a levy of from 18 to 20,000 troops, neither disciplined or at that time organized, were now, for the first time after the junc- tion, brought into actual warfare with the veterans of France. An action took place, in which the French were victorious, and the combined forces retired in disorder towards Comorn and Ofen ; and Raab, after a few days resistance, was obliged to capitulate. 168 No. CII. ATTAQUE D'ANVERS, ET S&JOUR A SCHOENBRUNN. Obverse a representation of Jupiter, from the antique ; he is seated on his golden or ivory throne ; in his right hand he holds his sceptre or staff" of cypress ; in his left, his thunder- bolt, ready to be hurled. The upper parts of his body are undraped, while those below his ivaist are carefully covered to his feet; his looks are expressive of majesty ; his hair and beard is thick and bushy, and apparently neglected; around his head a wreath of olive branches, as represented at Olympia. He was designated the king and father of gods and men ; his power was extended over the deities, and every thing was subservient to his will, except the fates. From him mankind received their blessings and their miseries, and they looked upon him as acquainted with every thing past, present, and to come. Legend, JUPITER STATOR. DE- NON D. DOMARD F. The title Stator was given as a surname to Jupiter, by Romulus, be- cause he arrested the flight of the Romans in a battle against theSabines; and the conquer or y erected him a temple under that name. Ex- 169 ergue, NAPOLEON A SCHOENBRUNN MDCCCIX. Reverse a female, on her head a turret ted crou-n, in her right hand a spear reversed, the point turned downwards in her left, a cadu- ceus, round which is entwined a serpent ; her left foot rests on the prow or rostrum of an an- tique ship or galley : on the field of the medal, an open hand erect, rising from a baltlemented tower. Legend, DENON D. DEPAULIS F. Ex- ergue, ANVERS ATTAQUEE PAR LES ANCLATS MDCCCIX. Size, If inches. THIS medal, was struck by the order of the French government, on the attack of Anvers by the English, and the taking possession of the imperial palace of Schoenbrunn at Vienna, by the Emperor Napoleon, where he established the head-quarters of the French army, and from whence he issued a proclamation ad- dressed to the Hungarian nation. 170 NO. cm. REUNION DE L'ETAT ROMAN A L'EMPIRE. Obverse Head of Napoleon laureated; under the base of the bust, the name of the artist, ANDRIEU F. Legend, NAPOLEON EMP. ET ROI. Reverse the allegorical figure of the river Tiber, taken from the antique statue in the Belvidere, at Rome ; he appears re- clined and leaning on his urn, from ivhich the river issues out. He is crowned with a wreath of bulrushes, and has a venerable look; he holds in his right hand an oar, which lies over his arm; in his left hand, a cornucopia filled with fruit ; on the left, lies the wolf suckling the twin brothers, Re- mus and Romulus, one of the latter only is seen : in the back-ground, a high rock, pro- bably meant to represent the Tarpeian, on which is a small temple of Pax or Peace, near which, hovering in the air, an eagle on wing with the forked fulmen in his talons. Exergue, AQUILA REDUX M.DCCC.IX. SlZ, If inches. ON the 17th May, 1809, Napoleon issued, a decree for uniting the papal states to the French Empire, from the first of June following, and abolished the Pope's 171 temporal power, after having tyrannized over Europe for more than one thousand years. To perpetuate this epocha, the French government directed this medal to be struck. In his speech to the legislative body at its open- ing this year : he says, " History pointed out to me the conduct I ought to pursue towards Rome. The Popes become sovereigns of part of Italy, have con- stantly shewed themselves enemies of every preponde- rating power in the Peninsula ; they have employed their spiritual power to injure it. It was then demon- strated to me, that the spiritual influence exercised in my states by a foreign sovereign, was contrary to the independence of France, and to the dignity and safety of my throne. However, as I acknowledge the neces- sity of the spiritual influence of the descendants of the first of the pastors, I could not conciliate these grand interests, but by annulling the donatives of the French Emperors, my predecessors, and by uniting the Roman states to France." 172 No. CIV. HOME SECONDE CAPITALE. Obverse Head and legend similar to the pre- ceding. Reverse the emblematic heads of Rome and Paris ; on the helmet of the alle- gorical head of Rome, is the wolf suckling the twin brothers, Romulus and Remus, one of them is only here seen ; the head-dress of Paris is composed of an antique armed ship, or galley, with two lateen sails bent, full of warriors armed with their shields, which form a bulwark around the sides of the ship. Le- gend, ROME PARIS DENON D. MDCCCIX ; OH the base of the head of Paris, the name of the artist, DEPAULIS F. BY a decree of the senate which adopted a Senatus Consultum at Paris. Rome was united to the French Empire, (see preceding medal) : the following is an ab- stract of the heads of it, which amount to a deposition of the Pope as a temporal Prince. Title I. Of the Union of Rome to the Empire. I . The state of Rome is united to the French Empire, and forms an integral part thereof. 2. It shall be divided into two departments, Rome and Trasimene. 3. The Department of Rome shall send seven deputies to the legislative body ; Trasimene four. 4. The Department of Rome shall be classed in he first series ; Trasimene in the second. 5. A senatory shall be established in the Departments of Rome and Trasimene. 6. The city of Rome shall be the second in the Empire. The Mayor of Rome shall be present when the Emperor takes the oaths on his accession ; and is to rank, as are also all de- putations from the city on all occasions, immediately after the Mayors or deputations of the city of Paris. 7. The Prince imperial is to assume the title, and re- ceive the honours of king of Rome. 8. A Prince of the blood, or a grand dignitary of the Empire, shall re- side at Rome, who shall hold the Emperor's court. 9. The property which composes the endowments f the imperial crown, shall be regulated by a special Senatus Consultum. 10. After having been crowned in the church of Notre Dame at Paris, the Emperor shall, previous to the tenth year of his reign, be crowned in the church of St. Peter. 11. The city of Rome shall enjoy particular privileges and immunities to be de- termined by the Emperor Napoleon. Title II. Of the Independence of the Imperial Throne of all authority on earth. 12. Every foreign sovereign is incompatible with the exercise of any spiritual autho- rity within the territory of the Empire. 13. The Popes shall at their elevation take an oath never to act contrary to the four propositions of the Galliciau church, adopted in an assembly of the clergy in 1682. 14. The four propositions of the Catholic church are de- clared common to all the Catholic churches of the Em- pire. Title III. Of the Temporal Existence of the Popes. 15. Palaces shall be prepared for the Pope in the dif- ferent parts of the Empire in which he may wish to re- side. He shall necessarily have one at Paris, and 174 another at Rome. 16, Two millions in rural property, free of all imposition, and lying-in different parts of the Empire, shall be assigned to the Pope. 17. The ex- penses of the sacred colleges, and of the Propaganda, shall be declared imperial. 18. The present organic Senatus Consultum, shall be transmitted by a message to His Majesty, the Emperor and King. At the time of publishing the above Senatus Consul- tum, his Holiness the Pope was confined in the castle ef Savona, the second town in the territory of Genoa. His holiness had been offered a considerable stipend for his subsistence from the French court, but he constantly refused to accept of it, and chose rather to subsist on the prison allowance, than to subject himself to the ac* ceptance of any pecuniary aid from one whom he deem- ed as his bitterest enemy, and who was about to despoil him of his states, rank, and titles. N. B. There is another medal commemorating this event. Obverse Head similar to the preceding. Re- verse Head of Rome, nearly similar ; on top of the helmet, the wolf with the two brothers, Romulus and Remus ; the head of Paris is also helmeted : on the side of the crown of the helmet, is represented the antique Roman galley with armed men, and one sail only bent. Legend, ROME, PARIS; on base of the head of Paris, the name of the artist, DEFAULTS F. Exergue, DENON D. MDCC1X. 175 No. CV. CONQUETE DE L'lLLYRIE. Obverse Head and legend similar to the pre- ceding. Reverse a cow suckling a calf; above the animal, on the superior part of the fold of the medal, the club of Hercules. Ex- ergue, CONQUETE DE I/ILLYRIE M.DCCCIX. DEPAULIS F. DENON D. SlZ, If ON the conquest of the Illyrian states, the French government ordered this medal to be struck. The conquest of these provinces having stretched the fron- tiers of France to the Save, as Napoleon expressed himself in his address to the legislative body at its open- ing on the 3rd December, 1809. " He there found him- self" (being contiguous to the Empire of Constantino- ple) " in a situation to watch over the first interests of his commerce in the Mediterranean, the Adriatic, and the Levant." " I will protect the Porte, if the Porte will withdraw herself from the fatal influence of Eng- land. I shall know how to punish her, if she suffer herself to be governed by cunning and perfidious coun- cils." In the expose of Count Montalvet, he says, "the Illy- rian provinces cover Italy, give her a direct commu- nication with Dalmatia, procure us a point of imme- diate contact with the Empire of Constantinople, which it must be the wish and intention of France for BO many reasons to support and protect." 176 No. CVI. BATAILLE DE WAGRAM. Obverse Head and legend similar to the pre- ceding. Reverse Hercules clothed with the lions skin, is aiming a blow with his club, on a fallen warrior, on whom he treads ; the warrior is armed with a shield, and is sup- plicating for mercy. Hercules encircles the ivaist of a winged Victory with his left arm, her head is laureated, and in her right hand, which is elevated over her head, she holds a laurel wreath, ready to encircle the brows of Hercules, as soon as the deadly blow is struck; in her left, she carries the palm branch of peace. Exergue, BATAILLE DE WAGRAM vi JUILLET MDCCCIX. DEMON D. GALLE F. Size, If inches. BY the 4th of July, 1809, the French had completed the new bridge from the Isle of Lobau across a branch of the Danube, in which they were much favoured both by the ground and by an immense number of artillery. The imperial and royal army was drawn up on the eminence behind the rivulet Russ, extending its right wing beyond Sussesbrunn and Kagrau, and its left beyond Markgrafen Neusiedel. The centre was posted near Wagram. The French having, in the night between the 4th and 5th, crossed over to the left 177 bank of the Danube, large masses appeared very early, in the morning in the plain. Not long before noon they attacked the line of the imperial and royal army on all its points; but their greatest exertions were directed against the centre, probably with a view of forcing it. These attacks, though repeated with the greatest impetuosity, and supported by an immense train of artillery, among which were many batteries of the heariest calibre, proved this day abortive. The firing ceased at ten o'clock at night. The imperial and royal army had, on the whole of its line, main- tained its positions, and made a considerable number of prisoners, among whom were many Saxon, Bade- nese, Italian, and Portuguese soldiers. On the 6th, in the morning, at four o'clock, the French renewed their attacks with still larger masses, and greater impetuosity than on the preceding day. Even thus his efforts against the centre and the right wing were attended with so little success, that the latter had even gained such advantages as to justify the expectation of the completest victory, when the French, with fresh divisions, and great superiority, suddenly penetrated the left wing, near Markgrafen Neusiedel, and succeeded, after an obstinate engagement, in com- pelling it to retreat. One of the wings of the royal and imperial army being thereby exposed, his imperial and royal highness the Archduke and Generalissimo directed the army to retreat by the way of Siammers- dorf and the Bisarahill ; in consequence of which, the army now occupied a new position, covering the com- munication with Bohemia. This retreat was made good, in the best order, and without material loss. In the centre, as well as in the right wing, the 2 A 178 French suffered very considerably, 6000 prisoners were taken from him, among- whom were three generals. He likewise lost twelve cannon, with ammunition, and was in every respect so much weakened, that he did riot attempt to pursue the royal and imperial army any farther. General Lasalle was amongst the dead. Though the preceding account of this battle, given officially by the Austrian*, may appear in some degree of a favourable nature, yet the results of that battle" were very humiliating to the Germart Emperor and his dominions. (See account of the treaty of peace in thfr following medal.) 179 No. CVII. PAIX DE VIENNE. Obverse Head and legend similar to the pre- ceding. Reverse Napoleon, as the genius of war or Mars, crowned with a laurel wreath ; in his left hand the blazing torch of war, with which he is setting fire to a pile of tvar- like implements lying on the ground; in his right hand the olive branch of peace, ichich he holds over an altar of antique form, the base of ivhich is composed of two winged lions or chimeras ; on the superior part of the plinth, a small circular rose ornament ; on the pediment, a crouching eagle, to which he ap- parently directs his attention. Legend, AN- DRIEU. F. D. D. Exergue, PAIX DE VIENNE MDCCCIX. Size, If inches. THE decisive battle of Wagrana led to an armistice, which the Empfiror of Germany was compelled to sue for, which, after a protracted negotiation, was followed by a treaty of peace. According to the terms of this treaty, Austria ceded a great portion of her territory ; agreed to a contribution to indemnify France for the expenses of the war, and acknowledged Joseph Bona- parte King of Spain. To the King of Bavaria she gave up Saltzburg, and a tract of country along the banks of the Danube, from Passau to Lintz. To the 180 King of Saxony she yielded the whole of Western Gal- licia. To Russia so much of the eastern part of that province as contained a population of 40,000 souls. To France she ceded Fiume and Trieste, with the whole of the country south of the Saave, to where that river enters Bosnia. She also gave up the inhabitants of the Tyrol, on condition of their receiving from Bonaparte a full and free pardon. Such was the fatal effects of the battle of Wagram, which the Austrians gave so favourable an account of, and claimed as a vic- tory. No. CVIII. VISITE DU ROI DE SAXE A LA MON- NAIE DBS MEDAILLES. Obverse Head of the King. Legend, FRE- DERIC AUGUSTE ROI DE SAXE. ANDRIEU F. DENON D. Reverse Inscription on the field, S. M. LE ROI DE SAXE VISITE LA MONNAIE DBS MEDAILLES EN DECEMBRE MDCCCIX. Size, \ f inches. THE King of Saxony, while on a visit at Paris, having honoured the National Mint with his presence, the government of France gave directions that a medal should be struck on the occasion. 181 No. CIX. V1SITE DU ROI ET DE LA REINE DE B A VIE RE A LA MONNAIE DES MEDAILLES. Obverse Busts of the King and Queen of .Ba- varia, around the head of the Queen is a diadem, and a necklace of jewels round her neck. On base of the bust of the King, AN- DRIEU F. Exergue, DENON DIR. Reverse Inscription on thejield, LL. MM. LE ROI ET LA REINE DE BAVIERE VISITENT LA MONNAIE DES MEDAILLES EN FEVRIER MDCCCX. Size, If inches. THE King and Queen of Bavaria, when at Paris, vi- sited the Medal Mint; in honour of which, and to com- memorate this qpocha, the above medal was struck by order of the government of France. 162 No. CX. MARIAGE DE L'EMPEREUR. Obverse The busts of the Emperor Napoleon laureated, and the Empress Maria Louisa crowned with a diadem. Under the heads, or exergue, ANDRIEU F. DENON D. Reverse Napoleon and Maria Louisa, full lengths, he is habited in the Roman costume, ivith the imperial paludamentum clasped over his right shoulder ; their right hands are joined, and with his left he embraces her shoulder, in the attitude of conducting her to the altar, on which burns the vestal flame: on the plinth of the altar, which is circular, is represented the bow and quiver of arrows of Cupid, crossed, with the torch of Hymen erect. On the base, JOUANNIN F. Legend, NAPOLEON BMP. ET ROI. M. LOUISE D'AUTRICHE. Ex- ergue, i AVRIL MDCCCX. DENON D. Size, If inches. THIS medal has been multiplied by striking both the obverse and reverse with different types. As the reverse of the preceding is seen with a reverse formed of a wreath of lilies and myrtle branches. On the upper part of the field an arrow, below the torch of Hymen, centre plain. Exergue, BRENET. Another, with the two busts. Reverse same as the preceding. 183 No. CXI. Another on same occasion. Obverse The tivo lusts similar to the preceding. Under the head, or exergue, ANDRIEU F. Reverse type and legend similar to the above ; no name on base of the altar. Exergue, MDCCCX. BRENET F. DENON D. SlZC, 1? indies. THIS medal is also multiplied by striking with the reverse of the preceding. A reverse composed of a wreath of lily and myrtle branches, field plain. Another with the busts. Reverse an ornamented border surrounding the margin, field plain. An orna- mented cross bar, with a small head in the centre of the bar, runs across the inferior part of the field, field plain. Another, with the busts. Reverse a wreath of laurel branches, field plain. No. CX1I. Obverse Two busts similar to the preceding the diadem on the head of the Empress plain. Under the bust of the Emperor, or exergue, the name of the artist, GALLE F. Reverse the same type and legend as the preceding. On base of the altar, i. P. DROZ. F. Exergue, I AVRIL M.DCCCX. DENON DI. SlZC, 1 inch. ANOTHER of same size. On the obverse of which, is a wreath of lilies and myrtle branches, the field plain. Reverse similar to the preceding. 184 No. CXI1T. Obverse Two busts as the preceding- ; the dia- dem on head of the Empress ornamented : no legend. Exergue, ANDRIEU. F. Reverse type and legend the same as preceding. On base of the altar, GALLE. F. Exergue, 1810. Size, A inch. THE four preceding medals were ordered to be struck by the government of France, on the marriage of Na- poleon with Maria Louisa, Archduchess of Austria, daughter of the Austrian Emperor. The varieties of all these medals have been struck since, and intended to receive an engraved inscription of the event, at the option of the purchaser. After repudiating his wife Josephine, the Prince of Neufchatel was dispatched to Vienna, to demand the hand of Maria Louisa for the Emperor Napoleon. On the 27th of Fe- bruary, 1810, the Emperor Napoleon notified this event to the Senate, informing them, at the same time, that a contract had already been entered into with her father for that purpose : in fact the business had been so completely arranged, that a very few days after his Ambassador's arrival at Vienna, the usual ceremony was performed, the Archduke Charles being the proxy of Napoleon on the occasion. The ceremony took place on the llth of March, and was followed by many fetes, rejoicings, ^c. ; soon after which the new Empress set off for Paris, by a road literally strewed with flowers, and was met at Com- piegne by the Emperor Napoleon. 160 The marriage took place with the Emperor on the 2nd of April, at Paris, when the train of the Empress was supported by four Queens ; after which the Emperor and his bride set off for St. Cloud. Three days after- wards, they received the congratulations of the Senate, on which occasion Napoleon's answer was short and general; but the Empress, contrary to the practice of her predecessors, made no reply. The general report at this time was, that the marriage of the Archduchess Maria Louisa with the Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, was one of the secret articles of the treaty of Vienna. The author when at Paris, 1816, speaking on this subject, was positively assured by one of the council, that this opinion was groundless, and with- out the least foundation ; that the event was spontaneous and sudden, that it derived in the first instance from the Emperor of Austria himself, who, on hearing that an alliance was about to be formed by Napoleon either with the court of Russia or Saxony, expressed himself somewhat surprised that Napoleon had not wished an alliance with his house ; this was communicated to Na- poleon by dispatches from Vienna, who on receiving these hints, immediately summoned a privy council at the Tuileries, 1st February, 1810; in the council, there was a diversity of opinions, the Russian, the Austrian, and the Saxon alliance, were respectively supported by the members, but Prince Eugene having been the first to decide in favour of the Austrian alliance, the majo- rity of the council followed, it being presumed that this prince had fully known the wishes of the Emperor: though, had the decision been otherwise, whatever might have been Napoleon's feelings on the occasion, he was determined to submit, considering what was done, was 18G intended for the beneficial interest of all France. The council was dissolved at two o'clock in the morning of the following day, and Prince Eugene was authorised immediately to communicate the result to Prince Schwartzenberg, and the farther preliminaries were ordered to be entered on with the ambassador of Austria, then accredited at Napoleon's court; and farther, that no mistake or delay might take place, the minister of foreign relations was empowered to sign, word for word, the same form of contract which had been agreed upon in the marriage of Louis XVI. and the Arch- duchess Maria Antoinetta. Thus this event was begun, discussed, and concluded within the space of twenty- four hours ; and on the 7th February, 1810, the contract of marriage was signed at Paris. By this marriage, Napoleon became related to the Emperor of Austria, as his son-in-law, nephew to the Archduke Charles, great nephew to the Queen of Naples, first cousin to Ferdinand the Vllth of Spain, and to the Prince Regent of Portugal, besides being cousin to the amiable Duchess of Angouleme, as well as related to the present reigning family of France. 187 No. CXIV. L'AMOUR EMPORTANT LE FOUDRE. Obverse Heads of Napoleon and Maria Lou- isa, similar to medal CXI II. Exergue, AN- DRIEU F. Reverse a Cupid bearing off on his shoulders the thunderbolt of Jove. Ex- ergue, MDCCCX. Size, tV inch. A MEDALET, probably struck after the marriage of Napoleon with Maria Loui-a, daughter of the Em- peror of Austria. The allegory of the reverse seems to imply that all-conquering love has divested the great Napoleon of his direful vengeance, which the little god in haste is bearing away on his shoulders. 188 No. CXV. VJSITE DU GRAND-DUG DE WURTZ- BOURG A LA MONNAIE DES ME- DAILLES. Obverse Bust of the Grand Duke of Wurtz- burg ; his hair behind, in long flowing ring-- lets. Exergue, BRENET F. DEN ON D. Re- verse Inscription on the field, s. A. i. LE PRINCE FERDINAND GRAND DUG DE WURTZ- BOURG VISITE LA MONNAIE DES MEDAILLES EN JUIN MDCCCX. Size, If inches. THIS medal was struck by order of the French go- Yernment, in honour of the visit of Prince Ferdinand, Grand Duke of Wurtzburg, to the medal mint, in the year 1810. 189 No. CXVI. STATUE DE DESAIX. Obverse Head of Napoleon laureated. Le- gend, NAPOLEON EMP. ET KOI ; on the base of the bust, ANDRIEU F. Exergue, DENON DIR T - Reverse a full length figure naked, except a chlamys which is clasped to his sword- belt, over his right shoulder, and thrown over the left arm, which is extended ; the sword- belt crosses his chest, to which is suspended the scabbard; his right hand rests on a sword, which is pointed to the ground; on the right, the French eagle-standard erect, and on his left, the head of Memnon, and Cleopatra's Needle, at the base of which, lies a MSS. superscribed ivith hieroglyphicks ; the stone also on which he stands, appears sculptured with similar characters, denoting that he fought under the banners of Napoleon in Egypt. Legend, BRENET F. DENON D. Ex- ergue, A DESAIX XV AOUT MDCCCX. SlZC, If inches. THERE is another medal on this occasion, similar, but wants the artist's name, Denon, on the exergue of the obverse. The government of France decreed, that a statue should be erected to the honour of General Desaix, who fell mortally wounded in the moment of victory, at the battle of Marengo. -(See Nos. 13 and 50,) on which decree this medal was ordered to be struck. 190 No. CXVIT. LE CANAL DE L'OURCQ. Obverse Head and legend similar to the pre- ceding ; under head of the bust, ANDRIEU F. Reverse Paris, allegorically represented as a female, sitting to the front, on the side of an antique vessel, the prow and rudder appears on each side of her ; on her head a turret ted crown; her right arm and hand is stretched . out, a naked Naid is pouring ivater over it from an urn, on which is inscribed, URCA ; on her left arm, she supports a cornucopia filled with fruit and wheat-ears ; another Naid on the left, on one knee, is laving her left foot with water , which she also pours from an urn, on which is inscribed, SEQUANA. Le- gend, ANDRIEU F. DENON D. Exergue, VRCA PARISIOS DEDVCTA XV AUGUSTI MDCCCIX. Size, If inches. THIS medal was struck by order of the government of France, commemorating the event of cutting and open- ing the canal of Ourcq : this canal is upon an elevation considerably above the Seine, and supplies Paris with 972,000 hogsheads of water every twenty-four hours ; the length of this canal from its head to Lizy is near twenty-four leagues, and from the level nature of the ground through which it passes, no sluice is required : in its course it receives the springs Grisette, de May, 191 Terrouane, and Bevronne, and terminates in the great Bason de la Villette; at the same time it is a port for vessels from the Marne, a reservoir for the people of Paris, and a handsome ornament to the Barrier of St. Martin. The borders of the basin near the Barrier of St. Martin are planted with a double row of trees, forming an agreeable promenade in summer; boats are also used on the smooth and glassy surface of this fine sheet of water ; and in winter, when frozen over, it is covered with multitudes of skaiters glancing along on the slippery keel in every direction. Before this fine sheet of water was constructed, the art of skaiting was but little known or practised in the metropolis of France. 192 No. CXVIIf. ORPHELINES DE LA LJEGION D'HONNEUR. Obverse Head and legend similar to the medal preceding. Reverse a young female seated in a pensive attitude at the foot of a Tomb or Mausoleum, on the pediment of which is the insignia of the Legion of Honour ; on her lap lies a book ; over the tomb a laurel tree spreads his branches, from which is sus- pended a ivreath ; in the back-ground a basket with a garment, balls of thread, scissors, tyc. indicative of their mode of instruction. Le- gend, DEN ON D. DEFAULTS F. Exergue, OR PHELINES DE LA LEGION D'HONNEUR MDCCCX. Size, If inches. NAPOLEON having established an Asylum for the female orphans of those who had received the honorable insignia of the Legion of Honour, the establishment was endowed and fixed in the Rue Barbette, No. 2, at Paris, under the name of the Maison Royale des Or- phelines de la L6gion d'Honneur : here 300 girls are educated by the sect of religious women, designated by the name of Dames de la Mere de Dieu. 193 No. CXJX. POMPE FUNEBRE DU DUC DE MONTEBELLO. Obverse Head of Napoleon laureated. Le- gend, NEAPOLIO IMPERATOR ; under the head or exergue, the name of the artist, GALLE FECIT. Reverse inscription on the field: NAPOLEON A LA MEMOIRE DU DUC DE MONTEBELLO MORT GLORIEUSEMENT AUX CHAMPS D'ESSLING LE XXII. MAI M.DCCC.IX. POMPE FUNEBRE DANS LES BASILIQUES DES INVALIDES ET DE S TE- GENEVIEVE ORDONNEE LE III. JANVIER M.DCCC.X. PRESIDEE PAR S. A. S. LE PRINCE ARCHI-CHANCELIER . DE L'EMPIRE DUC DE PARME CELEBREE PAR LES SOINS DE LL. EE. LE DUC DE FELTRE, MINISTRE DE LA GUERRE; LE COMTE BIGOT DE PREAMENEU, MINISTRE DES CULTES ; LE VI. JUILLET M.DCCC.X. Size, 2H inches. 2c 194 THIS medal was struck to perpetuate the funeral of the Duke of Montebello, who was mortally wounded at the battle of Essling. See No. 100. No. CXX. NAISSANCE DU ROT DE ROME. Obverse J3ust of the infant king of Rome ; under the base of the head, ANDRIEU F. Le- gend, NAPOLEON FRANCOIS JOSEPH CHARLES, ROI DE ROME. ExCrgUC, XX MARS MDCCCXI. Reverse a female figure, probably intended to represent Nascio, who was the Deity in Mythology, that presided over the birth of children : she is closely draped, a veil over her head, which she is throwing' back with her right hand ; on her left arm, she supports the infant. Legend, NAISSANCE DU ROI DE ROME. DENON D. JOUANNIN. Exergue, MDCCCXI. Size, If inches. THE birth of this Prince, designated by the title of king of Rome, was announced to the city of Paris by the firing of cannon immediately on the accouchement of the Empress. All Paris was in anxious suspense, it being usual on the birth of a princess to fire a round of 21 guns, and on that of a prince 101 discharges, the anxiety of the populace waiting in silence, and counting the 21 discharges cannot be described : on the report being heard 195 of the twenty-second gun, their rapture knew no bounds, and exclamations of Vive 1'Empereur ! &c. filled the air in all directions ; the promenades, the streets, houses, and public assemblies were all full of people ; in fact, the whole population of Paris were at the moment silent, and absorbed in counting the number of the dis- charges. The powers of Europe on this occasion also sent the most distinguished persons of their courts to compliment the Emperor and Empress. The Emperor of Russia sent his minister of the interior, the Emperor of Austria, the Count Clary, one of the highest officers of the state, who was charged with a present for the young Prince of a diamond collar of all the orders of the Austrian monarchy. This medal was ordered to be struck at the national mint, to commemorate this great event. He was born on the 20th March, 1811. 196 No. CXXI. BAPTEME DU ROI DE ROME. Obverse Napoleon, whole length, standing, his head encircled with a laurel wreath, full dress, richly embroidered, the imperial man- tle over his shoulders; he is holding the in- fant with both hands in an elevated situation, as if about to plunge him in an elegant font below ; on the top of the font is a Capendun- cula, across ivhich lies a branch of myrtle, also a small coffer or acerra, used for holding the incense, surmounted on the top with a cross ; against the plinth of the font rests a large book (the Bible), on the cover of which a cross; behind the Emperor, on the right, a chair of state, the front ornamented with the initial letter N within a laurel wreath. Legend, artist's name, ANDRIEU FECIT. Ex- ergue, BAPTEME DU ROI DE ROME M.DCCCXI. Reverse a double row of turret ted crowns, on each is marked the name of the cities be- longing to the Empire. On the field, A L'EM- PEREUR LES BONNES VILLES DE I/EMPIRE. Size, 2ii inches. THIS medal, commemorative of the baptism of the infant son of the Emperor Napoleon and Maria Louisa, needs no farther elucidation here, but to state the nurn- 197 her of cities and towns on the reverse, which amount to forty-nine, viz. PARIS. ROME. AMSTERDAM. Alexandrie. Gand. Montauban. Aix la Chapelle. Genes. Nancy. Amiens. Geneve. Nantes. Angers. Grenoble. Nice. Anvers. Hambourg. Orleans. Besanon. La Rochelle. Parme. Bordeaux. Liege. Plaisance. Bourges. Lille. Reims. Breme. Livourne. Rennes. Bruxelles. Lubeck. Rouen. Caen. Lyon. Rotterdam. Clermont. Marseille. Strasbourg. Cologne. Mayence. Toulouse. Dijon. Metz. Tours. Florence. Montpellier. Turin. Versailles. 198 No. CXXII. LE ROJ DE ROME. Obverse Profile busts of the Emperor Napo- leon, and the Empress Maria Louisa; the head of the Emperor encircled with a wreath, that of the Empress is adorned with the im- perial diadem as worn by the former Queens of France; under the head of Napoleon or exergue, the name of the artist and designer, ANDRIEU F. DENON D. Reverse Bust of the infant son of Napoleon ; on base of the bust, ANDRIEU F. Legend, NAPOLEON FRANCOIS JOSEPH CHARLES ROI DE ROME. Exergue, xx MARS MDCCCXI. Size, If inches. No. CXX1II. LE ROI DE RQME. A smaller medal bearing a similar type on the obverse. Exergue, ANDRIEU F. Reverse similar to the preceding. Size, I \ inches. 199 No. CXXIV. LE ROI DE ROME. Obverse similar to the preceding. Reverse Bust the same. Legend, NAPOLEON F. I. c. ROI DE ROME. Exergue, XX MARS MDCCCXI. Size, ^ inch. THESE three medals were struck by order of the go- vernment of France, on the birth of the infant son of Napoleon and Maria Louisa. No. CXXV. PRISE DE WILNA. Obverse Head of Napoleon laureated; under base of the bust, ANDRIEU F. Legend, NA- POLEON EMP. ET ROI. Reverse Napoleon in the act of seizing the sword and shield of two warriors, a Russian and a Pole. Le- gend, DENON DIR. ANDRIEU F. Exergue, PRISE DE WILNA XXVIII JUIN MDCCCXII. Size, if inches. N. B. Another, with a slight alteration of the bust on the obverse, and the exergue, ANDRIEU F. DENON D. THIS medal was struck on the taking of Wilna, the capital of Lithuania, and the chief town of ail Polish 200 Russia, at the commencement of the Russian campaign, 1812. It contained from 25,000 to 30,000 inhabitants, with a great number of convents and superb public build- ings : previous to its being taken by the French, the Em- peror of Russia had for some time held his court there. On the 26th June, the Emperor having received intelli- gence that the French had passed the river Wilia (which flows by Wilna,) at Kowno, the Russian court immediately left the place. On the 27th June, the French Emperor arrived at the advanced posts, and put the army in motion for the pur- pose of approaching Wilna, and attacking the Russian army at day-break of the 28th, should it wish to defend Wilna, or retard its capture, in order to save the immense magazines which it had there. At day-break, on the 28th, the king of Naples put himself in motion with the advanced-guard, and the light cavalry of General Count of Bruyeres. The Marshal Prince of Eckmuhl supported him with his corps. The Russians every where retired, after ex- changing some cannon shot ; they crossed the Wilia in haste, burned the wooden bridge of Wilna, and set fire to immense magazines, valued at many millions of rubles : more than 150,000 quintals of flour, an im- mense supply of forage and oats, and a valuable maga- zine of articles of clothing, were destroyed. A great quantity of arms and warlike stores was also destroyed, and thrown into the Wilia. At mid-day, the French Emperor entered Wilna. In the afternoon the bridge over the Wilia was restored, and another constructed. 201 No. CXXVI. BATAILLE DE LA MOSKOWA. Obverse Head and legend similar to the pre- ceding. Reverse French cavalry in pursuit of flying Russian infantry, one of which lies dead on the ground, under the horse ; in the back-ground, battlements with cannon. Le- gend, JEUFFROY F. DENON DIR. ExergUC, BATAILLE DE LA MOSKOWA VII SEPTEMBRE MDCCCXII. Size, If inches. A VARIETY of this medal has a similar head and legend, with ANDRIEU F. DENON Din Tt under the head or exergue. This medal was struck by the order of the French go- vernment, on the battle of Moskwa (or Borodino). We shall here state briefly an account of the same. On the morning of the 5th September, the French army was in motion, and in the afternoon, they perceiv- ed the Russians formed, with their right upon the Moskwa, the left upon the heights, on the left bank of the Kologha. At about twelve hundred toises in ad- vance of the left, the Russians had begun to fortify a height between two woods, where they had placed 9 or 10,000 men. The French Emperor having reconnoiter- ed it, resolved to carry this position. Two hours after- wards, the attack commenced ; in one hour the redoubt was carried ; at seven in the evening the firing ceased. On the 6th, the day was passed in reconnoitering, the Russians were estimated at 120,000, or 130,000 men; 20% the position which they held was exceedingly strong. The French army was estimated at an equal number. On the morning of the 7th, Prince Poniatowski put himself in motion to turn the forest on which the Rus- sians rested their left. The Prince of Eckmuhl march- ed on the skirt of the forest. Two batteries of sixty cannon each, commanding the enemy's position, had been constructed in the night. At six o'clock, General Count Sorbier, who had the armed battery on the right with the artillery of the reserve of the guard, com- menced the fire ; General Pernetty with thirty pieces of cannon skirted the wood, turned the head of the Rus- sian position. At half-past six, General Compans was wounded; at seven, the Prince of Eckmuhl had his horse killed. The attack advanced : the musketry com- menced. The Viceroy who formed the French left, attacked and carried the village of Borodino. At seven, the Marshal Duke of Elchingen put himself in motion, and, under the protection of sixty pieces of cannon, bore upon the centre. A thousand pieces of cannon spread death on all sides. At eight o'clock, the Rus- sian positions were carried, their redoubts taken, and the French artillery crowned his heights. The ad- vantage of position, which the Russian batteries had en- joyed for two hours, now belonged to the French. A part of the Russian artillery was taken ; the rest were withdrawn to their lines in the rear. In this extremity they attempted to restore the combat, and to attack those strong positions which they had lost. Three hundred pieces of French cannon placed on these heights thundered upon their masses, and their soldiers died at the foot of those parapets which they had raised with so much labour as a protecting shelter. The Russians still held their redoubts to the right. 203 General Count Morand marched thither, and carried them : but at nine in the morning attacked on all sides, he was obliged to give way. The Russians attacked the French centre, and for a moment it was feared that they might carry the village, which was burnt ; the division of Friant advanced thither: eighty pieces of French can- non immediately arrested the enemy's columns, which stood for two hours in close order under the fire of chain shot, not daring to advance, and unwilling to retire. The king of Naples decided their uncertainty. He caused the fourtli corps of cavalry to make a charge, who penetrated through the breaches which the cannon shot had made in the condensed masses of the Russians, and the squadrons of their cavalry ; they dispersed on all sides. The general of division, Count Caulincourt, advanced at the head of the fifth regiment of cuirassiers, and entered the redoubt on the left by its gorge. From this moment there was no longer any uncertainty. He turned upon the Russians the twenty-one pieces of cannon which were found in the redoubt. Count Cau- lincourt was killed by a cannon ball. It was now two in the afternoon ; the Russians had lost all hopes ; the battle was ended; but the cannonade still continued; the Russians now fought for retreat and safety, but no longer for victory, and their loss was estimated at from 12 to 13,000 men, and from 8 to 9000 horses were counted on the field of battle ; 60 pieces of cannon, and 5000 prisoners were taken by the French, whose loss was estimated at 10,000 men in killed, wounded, and taken prisoners. Such is a' slight sketch of the battle of Moskwa, fought a few leagues in the rear of Mojaisk, and twenty-five leagues from Moscow, near the little river Moskwa. Sixty thousand cannon shot, it is said, were fired by the French in this battle. 204 No. CXXVII. ENTREE A MOSCOU. Obverse Head and legend similar to the pre- ceding. Reverse View of the fortifications and gateway of Moscow, with part of the city, the Kremlin, fyc. ; on the walls, the eagle-standard of France is planted. Legend, ENTREE A MOSCOU. BR. F. DE. D. Ex- ergue, xiv SEPTEMBRE MDCCCXII. Size, If inches. AFTER the fatal battle which was fought near the little river of Moskwa, on the 7th September, 1812, the French army pursued the Russians upon. Moscow, by the three routes of Mojaisk, Sevenigorod, and Kalouga ; and on the 14th September, at mid-day, the French entered Moscow. The French advanced-guard, arrived in the centre of the city, was received by a fire of musketry, which issued from the Kremlin. The King of Naples or- dered a small battery of cannon to be opened, and soon took possession of it. The French Emperor, on his arrival, took up his abode in the Kremlin ; this building, like a kind of cita- del, was surrounded by high walls. The French found in the hospitals about thirty thousand wounded or sick Russians, which in their bulletins, they announced to have been left without succour, or even nourishment; and, that on the burning of Moscow, thirty thousand of 205 these unfortunate objects were destroyed. Amidst this ocean of flame, the Kremlin was preserved. After having burnt nearly three quarters of the city, with the beautiful palace that was erected by Catharine, which was just finished, the fire began to subside on the 19th, and ou the 23rd it had nearly ceased. No. CXXVIII. LES AIGLES FRANCA1SES SUR LE BORYSTHENE. Obverse Head and legend similar to the pre- ceding. Reverse a River God (allegori- cal of the Borysthenes) seated on rocks, his left arm rests on an urn, from which water is running out ', forming, at the base of the rocks, a river, out of ivhich reeds and bulrushes are growing. ^Behind him is planted the eagle- standard of France. Legend, DEN ON D. BRANDT F. Exergue, L'AIGLE FRANCHISE SUR LE BORYSTHENE MDCCCXII. SlZ6, If inches. THIS medal was struck on the victories obtained by the French during the Russian campaign of 1812, par- ticularly after the battle and capture of Smolensk, the bulwark of Moscow, the French having rapidly fol- lowed up their victories; and on the 19th of August, at "20G day-break, a bridge being finished, the Marshal Duke of Elchingen crossed over to the right bank of the Borysthenes, and pursued the Russians. At one league from the town, he encountered the last column of the Russian rear-guard, it was a division of 5 or 6000 men, stationed on fine heights. Their position was carried, and several hundred prisoners fell into their hands. The Duke of Abrantes passed the Borysthenes at two o'clock, to the right of Smolensk, and soon found himself close upon the rear of the Russians. This movement gave rise to the battle of Valentina, which ended in the retreat of the Russians, who lost about 1500 men killed, and 1000 made prisoners, most of whom were wounded. The standard-eagles of France were now planted on the banks of the Borys- thenes, to which event this medal refers. 207 No. CXXIX. LES AIGLES FRANCAISES SUR LE WOLGA. Obverse Head and legend similar to the prece- ceding. Reverse a Hiver God, allegorical of the Wolga, escaping in amazement from the rocks ; between which the spring of the river issues, and where it may be presumed the God had been quietly seated for ages : in the centre of his sedgy bed, the eagle-standard of Prance is erected ; this it appears has occasioned his affright and rapid retreat to the river, which runs at the base of the rocks ; on the right, an alligator or crocodile pushes his head above the curling ivaves, and appears retreating from his peaceful haunt with the same rapidity as his companion, the genii of the river. Le- gend, MICHAUT F. DENON D. Exergue, L'AI- GLE FRANCHISE SUR LE WOLGA. M.DCCCXII. The successes of the French, during the Russian campaign, were ordered by the government of France, to be farther perpetuated by this medal, which is allego- rically meant for the conquest of Russia, having taken possession of Moscow, and erected the eagle-standard of France on the banks of the Wolga. 208 No. CXXX. RETRAITE DE L'ARMJ^E. Obverse Head and legend similar to the preced- ing. Reverse a warrior or Mars helmeted, in rapid flight, on his countenance horror is depicted, his mantle of shaggy skin, in which he had been enveloped, is nearly blown from his shoulders, by Boreas, icho is represented in the air following close on his heels ; he carries in his arms a large inflated bag, fllled ivith the bleak North winds of the Hyperborean regions, from which he squeezes, with great force, against the flying and affrighted war- rior, the tempest dire, of ivind, hail, and all its other concomitants. On the barren, bleak, and dreary ground, a horse lays dead, cannon dismounted, and the wheels on flre ; on the left, one solitary tree, desolate and bare, mark the inhospitable region and the dreary wild. In the back ground a tumbril inflames. Le- gend, DENON D. GALLE F. ExergUC, RE- TRAITE DE L'ARMEE NOVEMBRE MDCCCXII. Size, If inches. ABOUT the 16th of October, Bonaparte had finally resolved on his retreat from the ruins of Moscow, and had made' preparations accordingly. The conflagra- 209 tion, which had destroyed the greatest part of that fine city, had rendered it untenable either for a desirable or proper military station; it was therefore to be aban- doned, but not with an intention of flying from Russia; a stronger position, and an untouched arid fertile coun- try were to be sought, in which the army might recruit itself, so that the campaign might re-open in the Spring with renewed vigour, and fresh triumphs. To retreat by the route over which the army had advanced towards Moscow, could not with propriety be resorted to ; and the difficulty of fixing a line of march was extremely great and perplexing. Nothing, therefore, we may presume, but the most dire necessity, could compel Bonaparte to retreat by this route ; conse- quently he determined, if possible, to penetrate by the rout of Tula and Kalouga. After fixing on his plan, it became necessary to prepare his army for their long and dreadful march : this now appeared to him, after promising them luxury and ease from their toils, on their arrival at Moscow, more difficult and embarrass- ing ; two long months of the most dreadful season in Russia, was to be looked forwards to; even this time, if all succeeded, they would be on their retreat ; even if the country were not laid waste, and were inhabited by a friendly people, it could scarcely expect, during this period, to receive or collect provisions as it re- treated, because the roads would not permit them to be brought from any distance. To Moscow the army had brought but little provision ; to the cap- ture of it Bonaparte had taught and encouraged them to look forward as the event that would supply them with all in abundance ; but its conflagration had disap- pointed their hopes to such a degree, that some time 2 E 210 before the French began their retreat, they were com- pelled to content themselves with very scanty fare. It has been said that Bonaparte actually entered into con- tracts with Polish Jews to supply his army on the inarch, and that these men, after receiving the stipu- lated money, did not even fulfil a single contract. The route being decided on, he made such prepara- tions as his circumstances would permit ; and as a pre- liminary step, it was necessary to beat and drive back the Russian grand army, which occupied and defended the Kalouga road. Kutusoff was aware of the inten- tions of the French ; and as he knew also that a strong reinforcement was marching from Smolensk, to assist in extricating the main French army, he resolved to at- tack Murat without delay, who commanded the ad- vanced guard, before it arrived. This advanced guard consisted of about forty-five thousand men. On the 18th of October, Kutusoff made the attack, and com- pletely beat it. The result of which was thirty-eight pieces of cannon, which fell into the hands of the Rus- sians, with fifteen hundred prisoners ; and two thou- sand men were left dead and wounded on the field of battle. On the same and subsequent days, an obstinate battle was fought on the banks of the Dwina ; General Steingel proceeded from Riga along the southern bank of that river, while General Wittgenstein moved on the opposite bank; their operations and plans were com- bined with so much judgment, that while the former attacked the corps of Macdonald, the latter attacked that of St. Cyr. Steingel drove the army of Mac- donald within a very few miles of Polotsk ; and Witt- genstein, on the 18th of October, after a sanguinary 211 engagement x>f twelve hours, compelled his adversary to geek safety in his entrenchments. These on the fol- lowing day were carried by storm ; and soon afterwards the town of Polotsk was retaken. St. Cyr was sur- rounded, two thousand prisoners were taken, and the number of killed and wounded was in proportion. As it was evidently the intention of St. Cyr to have marched in such a direction as to have met and given assistance to the main body of the French army in its retreat, and to have covered and assisted, we have thought it necessary to the whole, that these brief par- ticulars should be mentioned here, as well as that General Tchitchagoff, the commander of the division of the Russian army which had arrived from the Da- nube, having attacked and driven back the Austrian general that was opposed to him, and immediately pro- secuted the general plan of the campaign, and arrived at Minsk. The defeat of Murat compelled Bonaparte to aban- don his intention of retreating by the route of Ka- louga; but in order to deceive, if possible, the watchful eye of Kutusoff, he actually commenced his march on that route, and left Moscow on the 19th of October ; having thus attracted the attention of the Russian general to this point, he turned off, by rapid and forced marches, on the road to Smolensk. Kutusoff was soon informed of the route which the French army had taken, and he commenced his march immediately in a parallel line, leaving to the Cossacks and the other divi- sions of his army, to hang on and harass the rear and flanks of the enemy. Bonaparte pursued his march with the van of his army, surrounded by the imperial guards. The Viceroy of Italy brought up the rear, 212 with all his artillery, and other materiel of the army ^ these had to force their way through roads almost impassable, without supply, without resources, and with all the direful elements to contend with. The most dreadful enemy, however, Bonaparte expe- rienced, in his retreat, were the Cossacks, of whom twenty-four additional regiments had joined Kutusoff, about the 24th of October : these hovered on every side; their attacks were without intermission, and these so sudden and impetuous, no rest was allowed by them to the weary and worn-out soldiers, who, during a day's inarch along broken and deep roads, were obliged either to be fighting, or on the alert : and at the end of their day's labour, when lain down on the cold and wet ground, to gain a little strength for the next day's march, the Cossacks rushed in clouds into their camps, before the men had power to prepare themselves for resistance or defence, throwing the whole into con- fusion and dismay, killing many, and carrying off their artillery and stores. About the 8th of November, there were three large Russian armies on the line of Bonaparte's retreat : Kutusoff's at Krasnoi ; Wittgenstein's at Orsha; and Tchitchagoff's at Minsk. The weather was good up to the 6th of November, but on the 7th, the winter set in; hitherto the roads had been only deep and heavy, now they became so exceeding slippery, that the men could scarcely keep their feet. Hitherto the horses necessary both for the artillery, baggage, and for the sustenance of the men, for they now were compelled to feed on horse-flesh, had proceeded feebly and slowly on, these fell dead only a few hundreds in a day : but on the first day of the frost, nearly 213 thirty thousand perished. All possibility of carrying forward their artillery was now at an end. The spirits of the soldiers completely left them, they moved slowly on, exposed to the most dreadful cold, exhausted with fatigue and hunger, emaciated and almost naked. The road was literally blocked up with the dead and dying. They possessed no power, not even to defend them- selves against their inveterate foes, the . Cossacks, who constantly hovered round them. Bonaparte, sensible of the feelings and sentiments of the army towards him, occasioned by this scene of mortality and distress, gathered round his person his principal officers, mounted on almost the only horses left. For some time he rode in his coach, till, as said, the voice of "his soldiers commanded him to head them on foot, and walk, as they were obliged, and share with them their fatigue; this he complied with, but still sheltered himself from the cold with his cloak; " Off with your cloak," was another stern command that he durst not then disobey ; the army had lost all subordination ; in fact the French soldiers could no longer be said to compose an army, they were a strag- gling multitude, anxious indeed to avoid the Cossacks, since from them they experienced only an aggravation of their misery, but not unwilling to fall in with the regular Russian troops, in the sole hope of being taken prisoners, or being laid low in the field of battle. On the 10th of November, before they reached Smolensk, General Augereau, with 2000 men, surrendered them- selves prisoners. This was th6 first instance, during the present war, of a whole French corps laying down their arms. It has been computed that in the three days prior to the above date, they lost no smaller num- 214 her than twenty thousand men, besides above the sam* number that fell in the previous engagements. The Russians were also in possession of near three hundred pieces of cannon, besides what had been spiked and buried by the French. Kutusoff being convinced it was the intention of the enemy to make a movement by Krasnoi, a town to the south-west of Smolensk, pushed forward a strong body for the purpose of intercepting them. The French, aware of their danger, drew together strong masses of troops, under the command of Davoust. The Russians were re-inforced; the French were turned, and their ruin complete ; nearly the whole division, twenty-four thousand strong, were either killed or made prisoners, with ten pieces of cannon. This division of Davoust formed the centre of the French army, and conse- quently connected the advanced guard with the rear, which was under the command of Ney ; therefore this victory was of the greatest moment to the Russians. On the 17th of November, Ney, under cover of a fog, pushed his troops to the very foot of the Russian batteries : the French were desperate, and fought with- out method or judgment. Forty pieces of cannon, and the whole musquetry of the Russian line opened upon them at once, at the distance only of about two hun- dred and fifty paces. Their retreat was cut off, and in this situation a flag of truce was sent out, and at mid- night twelve thousand men laid down their arms. Ney was wounded, and fled from the field across the Nieper on the Dwina. Wittgenstein was equally successful, up- wards of two thousand French being killed or wounded in a battle which took place on the 14th of November. The remaining part of the army at length arrived at 215 Wilna, by forced inarches, after fighting another battle with Wittgenstein and Tchitchagoff, in which it appears the result was more favourable to the French than most of the former actions, as was sufficiently evinced by the circumstance of their proceeding on their route towards Wilna for some time unmolested. Bona- parte assembled his generals, ere the main body arrived at this destination, and appointing Murat to the com- mand of the army, set out for Paris, travelling incog- nito in a sledge, with Caulincourt : he assumed the name of the Duke of Vicenza. His journey was per- formed with almost unparalleled rapidity. He examined the fortifications of Praga, surveyed Warsaw, and remained there several hours unknown. Two hours before his departure, he sent for Count Potocki, and the Minister of Finance of the Grand Duchy, with whom he had a long conference. He arrived, on the 14th, at one o'clock in the morning, at Dresden ; and on the 18th, at half an hour after eleven o'clock at night, he arrived at Paris. It is extremely difficult to form an estimate of the loss of the French in this dreadful campaign. The Russian official accounts state that they took upwards of one hundred and fifty thousand men prisoners ; and it is probable that the number of killed, and those who perished by hunger, fatigue, and cold, amounted nearly to one hundred thousand men ; so that, reckoning that the French army, when it crossed the Niemen, at the commencement of the campaign, amounted to three hundred thousand men, scarcely more than fifty thou- sand escaped out of Russia, and of those a large pro- portion must have suffered so dreadfully, as in a man- ner to render them unfit for future service. However 216 Severe the French army, it is universally allowed, must have suffered, we hope there is a probability, for the sake of humanity, that the above accounts, though derived from the most credible sources, have been greatly exaggerated. So great was the degree of cold this season, we are informed, that at Copenhagen, on the 19th December, Reaumer's thermometer was thir- teen degrees below zero ; and at Wilua, twenty-five degrees below the same point. No. CXXXI. FONDATION DE L'ECOLE DES BEAUX-ARTS A ROME. Obverse Head of Minerva helmeted, ivithin a wreath of laurel branches, and surrounded by emblems of the liberal arts. Legend, ECOLE FRANCHISE DES BEAUX ARTS A ROME RETA- BLIE ET AUGMENTEE PAR NAPOLEON EN 1803. Reverse Napoleon seated in his full robes of state, holding in his right hand a laurel crown. Exergue, the artist's name r E. GATTEAUX. ROME 1812. Size, 2| inches. A MEDAL struck at Rome, by the artist Gatteaux, to commemorate the liberality of Napoleon to the French school of the arts, re-established at Rome, A. D. 1803. 217 No. CXXXII. BATA1LLE DE LUTZEN. Obverse Bust of Napoleon in military costume; over his head a laurel wreath, which forms a division in the legend. Legend, NAPOLEON EMP. ET ROI. Exergue, DENON. D. DEPAULIS F. Reverse a Cossack and a Prussian officer *As of cavalry in rapid Jlight, looking back; under the bellies of the horses, in the back ground, are seen armies engaged; on the right, it is presumed, is represented the small village of Kara, depicted by a small church, with a lofty steeple, which was taken and retaken several times during the course of the day ; on the fore-ground, to the left, the name of the artist, BRENET. Cannon balls lie scat- tered on the ground in the front. Size, If inches. AFTER the distress which overwhelmed the French army on their retreat from Moscow, the Russians ad- vanced, and took possession of Konigsberg, Elbing, Marienberg, and Marienwurder. Continuing to ad- vance, they entered Warsaw, after which they marched towards the Oder, for the purpose of engaging with, and dispersing such French troops as might have been collected in and about Posen. An action of some 2 P 218 importance there took place, in which the Russians, from the great disparity of the French army, were vic- torious ; and on the 20th of February, two days after this affair, they occupied Berlin with 19,000 troops. They then proceeded to Hamburgh, which they entered on the 28th. The occupation of this capital deter- mined the King of Prussia again to veer about, and to enter into an alliance offensive and defensive with the court of Russia. During this time the genius of the French Emperor was on the alert, and by the beginning of April he found himself once more in a situation to cope with the allied armies of Russia and Prussia, bringing into the field an army of nearly one hundred and fifty thousand men. The Russians crossed the Elbe, under Generals Domberg and Tschermcheff, and advanced against General Morand at Luneberg, whom, in a very obsti- nate battle, they overthrew, and the whole of the French force was either killed, wounded, or taken pri- soners. The allies, however, enjoyed their conquest but a short time, for the French sent 10,000 men to retake the town, which they did, putting the Russians to a precipitate flight. Napoleon having joined his army, a partial battle took place, on the 1st May, at Weissenfels, in which the Duke of Istria was killed, and the French advanced upon Lutzen. The Emperor Alexander, and the King of Prussia, learning that the French army had de- bouched from Thuringia, adopted the plan of giving battle in the plains of Lutzen, and put themselves in motion to occupy that position : but they were antici- pated by the rapidity of the movements of the French 219 army; they however persisted in their projects, and resolved to drive the .French army from the position it had taken. The allies debouched, and passed the Elster, at the bridges of Zwenkaw, Pegau, and Zeits. At nine in the morning, on the 3d of May, Napoleon heard a cannonade from the side nearest Leipsig. The allies defended the small village of Tastenau, and the bridges in advance of Leipsig. The French Emperor now waited the moment when these last positions should be carried, to put in motion all his army in that direction, make it pivot on Leipsig, pass to the right bank of the Elster, and take the allies a revers ; but at ten o'clock, the allies debouched towards Kara, upon several columns extremely deep; their numbers ap- peared immense. The battle now became brisk. The allies, who ap- peared certain of success, marched to reach the right of the French, and gain the road of Weissenfels ; but in this they were disappointed, and the field of battle was soon covered with the best of the enemy's cavalry. The great efforts of infantry, cavalry, and artillery, were directed against the centre. The village of Kara was taken and retaken several times. The battle em- braced a line of two leagues, covered with fire, smoke, and a cloud of dust. The allies having thrown their principal force upon the French centre, it gave way ; but General Drouet, with a battery of eighty pieces of artillery, opened 3 dreadful fire upon the allies ; they now gave way on all sides. The duke of Treviso obtained possession of the village of Kara, overthrew the allies, and conti- nued to advance, beating the charge. The cavalry, infantry, and artillery of the allies now retreated on all 220 sides, and were pursued by the French for near a league arid a half, and soon arrived at the heights which had been occupied by the Emperor Alexander, the King of Prussia, and the family of Brandenburgh, during the battle, and made several thousand pri- soners. NO. cxxxm. BATAILLE DE WURTCHEN. Obverse-^-Head, legend, and exergue, same as the preceding. Reverse in the centre of the Jield, arms piled; on the top of the bay- onets, is seen tlie letter N, on a small tablet fringed, and surmounted by a figure of Victory seated, holding in her right hand, which is stretched out, a laurel wreath; in her left, a palm branch ; on each side are two standards, similar in construction, the imperial eagle on the top of each, the whole is bound together on the upper part by sashes ; on the ground behind, lies a horse dead; the whole of the fore-ground is covered ivith helmets, hats, caps, swords, saddles, bugles, saberdashes, and other paraphernalia of cavalry and infantry soldiers. Legend, INFANTERIE FRAN^AISE BATAILLE DE WURTCHEN. Exergue, XXI MAI MDCCCXIII. BRENET F. DENON D. Size, If inches. '221 IN consequence of the battle of Lutzen, the French advanced about eighty miles, though the Prussian ac- count says, that the allies remained masters of the field of battle. Napoleon entered Dresden on the 8th May, and the king of Saxony returned to his capital, which had been occupied by the allies on the 12th following. On the 18th, Bonaparte left Dresden, and arrived before Baut- zen on the 19t!i, at 10 o'clock in the morning; after which, he employed the remainder of the day in re- connoitering the position of the allies. At noon, on the 20th, a brisk cannonade commenced in the neighbour- hood of Bautzen, which lasted six hours; during which, several charges were made by the allies without success : for General Compans took possession of Bautzen ; and General Bonnet, by a running charge, took possession of a plain which rendered him master of the whole centre of the allied forces, and at seven in the evening they were driven back on their second posi- tion. The French Emperor entered Bautzen at night, about 8 o'clock. The battle of Bautzen being the pre- lude to the battle of Wurtschen. On the 21st, Napoleon marched towards the heights, three quarters of a league in advance of Bautzen, at 5 o'clock in the morning. At eleven, the Duke of Tre- viso advanced lOOOtoises from his position, and engaged in a dreadful cannonade before all the redoubts and en- trenchments of the allies, and by the manoeuvres of the French they were kept in a state of uncertainty respect- ing the real point of attack. At length, the allies find- ing that the French had succeeded in turning their right, began to retreat, and this retreat soon became a flight : and at 7 o'clock in the evening, the Prince of Moskwa 222 and General Laureston arrived at Wurtschen. The allies being now forced from all their positions, left the French masters of the field of battle, who found it covered with dead and wounded ; they also took several thousand prisoners. To commemorate this event, the government of France directed a medal to be struck and issued from the national medal mint. No. CXXXIV. LE MONUMENT DU MONT CENIS. Obverse Bust of Napoleon laureated; under the base of the bust, DROZ. F. Exergue, DE- NON DIREX. M.DCCGVI. Legend, NAPOLEON BMP. ET ROI., within a dotted circle. Re- verse a pile of mountains and rocks, nearly filling the field of the medal; overtoping the whole, is represented the monument ordered by Napoleon on the field of Wurtschen, to be erected on the summit of Mount Cents; on the ground, on the right, the name of the artist, BRENET. Legend, CONFIANCE FORCE. Exergue, EN TROIS MOIS LA FRANCE ET L'ITALIE ARMENT DOUZE CENT MILLE HOMMES POUR LA DEFENSE DE L ? EMPIRE MDCCCXIII. Size, If inches. FROM the field of battle of Wurtschen, the Emperor 223 Bonaparte issued the following decree. " A monument shall be erected on Mount Cenis. Upon the front look- ing towards Paris, shall be inscribed the names of all our cantons of departments on this side the Alps. Upon the front, looking towards Milan, shall be inscribed the names of all our cantons of departments beyond the Alps, and of our kingdom of Italy. On the most con- spicuous part of the monument, shall be engraved the following inscription : The Emperor Napoleon upon the field of battle of Wurtschen, ordered the erection of this monument as a proof of his gratitude to his people of France and Italy ; and to transmit to the most distant posterity the remembrance of that celebrated epoch, when in three months, one million, two hundred thousand men ran to arms, to insure the integrity of the empire and of his allies." To hand to posterity this interesting record, the government of France directed the above medal to be struck. 224 . No. CXXXV. FEVRIER, 1814. Obverse Head of Bonaparte, laureated. Un- der the base of the bust, ANDRIEU F. Le- gend, NAPOLEON EMP. ET KOI. Reverse the eagle of France erect, on a thunderbolt ; over his head a star; on the right, a small figure of Victory on wing, holding out a lau- rel wreath ; on the left, two fish, en passant, in different directions. Legend, FEVRIER MDCCCXIV. Exergue, BRENET. F. DENON D. Size, If inches. THE various success that attended the arms of Na- poleon during the month of February, 1814, naturally calls us to a recapitulation of the whole, more particu- larly as the features of the medal now under our view possess no leading clue to any particular event, but generally, as we are of opinion, to the whole, its title being " Fevrier, 1814." We shall therefore, to pre- serve the chain, commence from the 25th of January, 1814, when Bonaparte left Paris to put himself at the head of the grand armies; he arrived on the 27th at St. Dizier, on the Marne, where he immediately directed an attack upon a body of the allies, supposed to be the advanced guard of General Schwartzenberg, who were compelled to retreat ; and in the evening the French army was at Vassy. He then advanced on the rear of the allied army at Brienne, and after an action, on the 225 r 29th, magnified by some of the French accounts to a considerable victory, took possession of that town and its citadel. It being ascertained that Bonaparte was in the field, it drew the allied commanders from the dif- ferent quarters where they had been posted, more im- mediate around his position, which it was naturally concluded would necessarily become the scene of the most important engagements. Blucher, whose head- quarters on the 17th were at Nancy, ordered Toul to be stormed, but the troops posted in it immediately capitulated. That part of his army which consisted of Sacken's division, and part of Langeron's, took a posi- tion, on the 31st, near Trannes, his right being in com- munication with the Prince of Wurtemberg. Schwart- zenberg who, from the borders of Switzerland, had tra- versed all the great defences on that side of France, had formed a junction with Blucher's army; and Guillay, with his division, marched from Bar Sur 1'Aube to support it. General Wrede had advanced to Dour- levent. Napoleon had drawn up his army in two lines, of which the village of La Rothiere was the centre. The force of the allies was between seventy and eighty thousand men, that of the French was estimated some- thing less ; however it appears there were in the field the corps of Marshal Victor, Marmont, and Mortier, besides those immediately attached to the person of Napoleon. At noon, on the 1st February, Marshal Blucher com- menced the attack, by advancing the corps of Guillay towards Dieuville, on the right of the enemy, and form- ing the divisions of his own corps in front of La 2G 226 Rdthiere, nearly at the same time the Prince Royal of Wurtemberg advanced from Maison upon the Village of Giberie, which after a sharp contest, he carried, and afterwards repulsed an attempt of the enemy to regain it. General Wrede, assisted by the Austrian Uhlans, possessed himself of the Village of Tremilly on the enemy's left, and these successes induced General Sacken to attack the enemy's central position of La Rothiere, which he carried, and frustrated all the at- tempts of the French, and of Napoleon in person, to regain it. The allies took thirty-six pieces of cannon, and three thousand prisoners. At night the enemy still held the ground beyond La Rothiere, and were in pos- session of the heights of Brienne ; but before morning he had determined upon a retreat, and gradually abandoned all his positions about Brienne, his whole loss being about seventy-three pieces of cannon, and about four thousand prisoners. His retreat was followed closely by the allies, who obtained some farther ad- vantages over him; but from a heavy fall of snow which took place, prevented any decisive victory. Napoleon continued his retreat on Troyes and Arcis, and thence to Nogent ; and the allies advanced their head-quarters, Schwartzenberg to Bar sur Seine, and Blucher to Planci on the Aube. On February 5th, General D'Yorck made a successful attack upon the rear of Macdonald's army near to Chaussee, between Vitry and Chalons, taking three pieces of cannon, and several hundred prisoners. The consequence of the battle of La Rothiere was the occupation by the allies of the important town of Troyes, the chief city of Champagne, and being the 227 point at which a number of roads to the capital unite, it was taken possession of by the Prince of Wurtem- berg, on the 7th February, who had previously turned the enemy's position near Ruvigni. On the 10th February, Napoleon attacked a Russian division under General Alsufief at Champ-Aubert, and captured or destroyed the whole, taking all their cannon and baggage. On the 12th, the French advancing against the army of Blucher were encountered by Sacken's corps, and three brigades of D'Yorck ; a severe engagement ensued, which lasted several hours; in which Napoleon in person commanded at the head of his old guards and other detached corps. The result was, that both armies retained their positions, and Na- poleon, instead of returning to Montmirail, bivouacked on the ground. On the 13th, General Sacken was at Chateau Thierry, and it appears that he and D'Yorck afterwards quitted that place, and retired behind the Marne; the French bulletin speaks of a great capture of cannon and prisoners by the Emperor, with whom the advantage evidently rested : Blucher was posted at this period at Bergeres, whilst Marmont, with the sixth French corps, had taken the position of Etoges. On 13th February, Blucher determined on attacking Mar- mont, and for that purpose the advanced-guard of Kleist's corps was advanced forwards; but on its approach Marmont gradually retreated, keeping up a brisk fire, and was pursued by the Cossacks beyond the village of Champ-Aubert; Blucher halted there for the night, and the enemy bivouacked in front of Fromentiers. On the morning of the 14th, Blucher, finding that Marraont was still in retreat, resolved on a further pursuit, and with the corps of Kleist and General 223 Kapsiewitz's division of Langeron's corps, being all he had then under his command, he commenced his march. The enemy still continued his retreat till he came near the Village of Janvilliers, where a considerable body of cavalry was posted ; he then rushed suddenly upon six advanced guns, and took possession of them, but soon after they were again recovered by the Prussian cavalry ; the prisoners reported that Napoleon was on the ground with all his guard, and a large body of cavalry, having made a forced march in the night from Chateau Thierry. Blucher's infantry was at this time advancing in columns on the open grounds, on each side of the causeway leading through the villages, when a great mass of the cavalry of the enemy pushed forward, broke through the cavalry of the advanced-guard, and dividing itself, attacked with great fury the columns of infantry; the columns formed into squares, and suc- ceeded in repelling the enemy ; but the numbers of the latter increasing, and bodies of cavalry being seen to move round on each flank, Blucher resolved on a retreat ; he disposed of his troops in the most skilful order for defence against the superior numbers by which they were vigorously assailed, and from Janvilliers to half-way between Champ-Aubert and Etoges, a distance of nearly four leagues, it was a continued retiring combat, the most perfect order, however, was preserved by the retreating troops, and every charge was re- pelled. At sunset, a corps of French cavalry, which had taken a circuit round the flanks, threw themselves into the line of retreat, and formed into a solid mass, with the evident purpose of disputing the passage; Blucher by this movement was entirely surrounded, and nothing was left him but to force a passage through 229 his opponents; with promptitude he decided, and instantly arranged his infantry for the attack. They opened a heavy fire upon the intercepting cavalry, which it was unable to withstand, and the passage was left free ; still the flank and rear of the retreating army were exposed and assailed, but not a square or column was broken. At the approach of night, the enemy's infantry succeed- ed to their cavalry in their attacks, and particularly in the Village of Etoges, threw a severe fire upon both flanks ; General Kleist and Kapsiewitz however, forced the way with their corps, and at length, without further molestation, reached the position of Bergeres, where they bivouacked for the night ; the loss acknowledged on their side, amounted to three thousand five hundred men, and seven pieces of artillery : the French account of this affair boasts of far greater success ; it asserts, that several of the squares of the allies were broken, and makes their loss to ten thousand prisoner?, ten pieces of cannon, ten stands of colours, and an immense number killed. That the check now given to the army of Silesia was a very serious one, appeared from the ne- cessity Blucher found himself under of retiring back as far as Chalons, with the compleat interruption of his communications with the Austrian army. At Chalons he waited for the junction of the dispersed parts of his force, which gradually took place ; so that instead of its annihilation according to the bulletins of the French, it was in a few days again in a condition of marching to renew its connexion with the grand army. In the mean time, General Winzingerode had carried by assault the town of Soissons, in which he made two Generals, and about three thousand men prisoners, with thirteen 230 pieces of cannon ; he then moved to Rheims, from which it was his intention to join Blucher at Chalons. On February llth, the Prince Royal of Wurtemberg summoned the commandant of Sens to surrender, and upon his refusal forced the barricades, and entered the town. Prince Schwartzenberg, in the mean time, was co-operating with the army of Silesia, by an advance upon Paris in the direction of the Seine. Witgen- stein having been directed to the Seine, and Wrede to advance from Nogent towards Bray, the enemy abandon- ed the left bank of the Seine, and destroyed the bridges over that river. Schwartzenberg then determined to push these corps, and that of the Prince of Wurtemberg to Provins and Villenax, ready to advance, if necessary, upon Napoleon's rear, or to protect the movements of that part of the army which was to act on the left bank of the Seine towards Fontainbleau. On the 16th February, the Austrian corps under Hardegg and Thurn, and the Cossacks of Platoff, had succeeded in reducing Fontainbleau, where they captur- ed a general, several cannon, and many prisoners, but the allies on this side were now to experience a reverse. Napoleon having succeeded in driving back Blucher, in pursuance of his plan, turned his force against Schwart- zenberg ; and on the 17th February, with a large body of cavalry, he attacked the advanced-guard of Witgen- stein's corps, which was posted at Nangis, under the command of Count Pahlen, and obliged them to retreat with a considerable loss of men and guns, and Schwart- zenberg deemed it prudent on this check being given to his operations to withdraw the greatest part of his army across the Seine; he still however kept possession of the 231 bridges over that river at Montereau, Bray, and Nogent. On the 18th February, the two former posts were vigorously attacked, but without effect; and the Prince of Wurtemberg, who commanded at Montereau, not only repulsed three attacks, but made some prisoners, and took some artillery. Late in the evening, the French renewed the assault with such an augmented force, that the Prince was driven across the river, and so closely pursued, that he had not time to destroy the bridge, when he found it necessary to retreat toward Bray, and a considerable body of the French passed the river, and followed close after him. The final result was, that Schwartzenberg withdrew the grand army from its position on the Seine, and established his head- quarters at Troyes. The army of Silesia being restored to marching order, advanced on the 21st February, to Meri on the Seine, purposing to form the right wing of the grand army at Troyes. It was there attacked from the left side of the river, by a large force under Marshal Oudinot ; upon which Blucher made immediate preparations to burn the bridge which connects the two parts of the town, and to defend the part on the right bank ; the town however was set on fire, and its defence thereby rendered im- practicable ; and the rapid advance of the French saved the bridge from being so far injured, as to destroy the communication. The party left in the town was obliged, after a firing of some hours, to give way to the French, who crossed the bridge. In the mean time, Blucher had drawn up his army in two lines on a plain, and three battalions of the French having pushed forward to make a passage for the remainder of their troops, they 232 were driven back over the bridge, leaving wounded and many prisoners behind them. Blucher being informed that Marmont was marching in force from Sezanne towards Chalons, he crossed the Aube with his whole army on the 24th, and followed Marmont, who continued his route to Ferte sous Jouarre on the Marne. On arriving at Rebais, Blucher was in- formed that Marshal Mortier with the young guard had marched from Chateau Thierry, to make a junction with Marmont, and it being probable that Napoleon hearing of the march of the army of Silesia in this direction, would detach a force to the rear of it, the passage of the Marne, in face of the united troops of Mortier and Marmont became a matter of extreme delicacy. The plan therefore was adopted, of directing the corps of Sacken and Langeron to march by Coulomiers upon Meaux, whilst those of D'Yorck and Kleist were to pro- ceed to Fert6 sous Jouarre. The result was, that the two French Marshals precipitately quitted that town, and the passage of the Marne was effected without dif- ficulty. Sacken's advanced-guard occupied the suburbs of Meaux, on the left bank of the river. On the 23rd of February, the French troops with Napoleon at their head, invested Troyes on all sides, and a Russian aid-de-camp came to the advanced posts to demand time for evacuating the city, otherwise it would be set on fire. This threat arrested the move- ments of the French, and Troyes was evacuated during the night ; Napoleon entered it in the morning, and there made two thousand prisoners, besides one thousand wounded in the hospitals. This recovery of the capi- tal of Champagne was a cause of no small triumph ; 233 and the spirits of the Parisians were further supported by the presentation in grand procession to the Empress, of the colours taken from the allies. As it is probable this medal was struck on this latter event, we shall not proceed further with the narrative, but to observe the allegory of the fish en passant, evidently alludes to the passing and repassing of rivers (the Seine and Marne). The Victory on the other side of the eagle cannot be mistaken in its allusion. No. CXXXVJ. RETOUR DE L'EMPEREUR. Obverse the Emperor Napoleon full length standing, habited in military costume, re- ceived by two figures, whole lengths, stand- ing ; one of these a peasant or bourgeois, the other a grenadier of the national guards, in inarching order, allegorically representing the army and the people, the former appears to receive the Emperor with great earnestness, and open arms, the soldier at the same time presents arms to him. Legend, DENON DIK. ANDRIEU F. Exergue, RETOUR DE L'EM- PEREUR MARS MDCCCXV, Size, If inches. NOTWITHSTANDING the lenity with which Napo- leon had been treated by those allied sovereigns whose 2 H 234 dominions he had invaded, and whose power he had vainly endeavoured to annihilate; yet no sooner had he arrived at Elba, than he conceived the design of infringing the treaty of Fontainbleau. Owing to the want of requisite precaution, Napo- leon effected his escape from the Isle of Elba, and with a few adherents made good his landing in France. The minds of the French people were already prepared for this event, and in his progress he was joined by great numbers of his partisans, and was every where re- ceived with the loudest demonstrations of joy. At length he was seen descending, with the rapidity of lightning, from the heights of Paris, the King and royal family having not long left the capital ; and Na- poleon again assumed the imperial authority. We were at first disposed to describe the figure by the side of the soldier as an officer of the army, but having seen in the possession of Mr. Forster, St. Martin's Lane, London, the original design made by Dubois, under the direction of M. Denon, we are convinced by the colouring of the costume, that it was intended to represent one of the peasantry of France. 235 No. CXXXVIi. L'lMP^RATRlCE MARIE-LOU[SE. Obverse Bust of Maria Louisa, Empress of France, with the imperial diadem on her head, within a dotted circle. Exergue, AN- DRIEU F. Reverse aJJy press, used in coin- ing, over which a monogram composed of the initial letters, M. L. encircled with a nimbus, which sheds its influence over it; on the up- right supports of the press, on one side, is the figure of Victory, with the laurel wreath and palm branch ; on the other, History en- graving on her tablets the events ; on the cross bar, at top, the letter N with laurel branches. Legend, BRENET F. DENON D. within a dotted circle. Exergue, IMPERATRICE MARIE LOUISE A HONORE DE SA PRESENCE LA M. DBS ME- DAILLES MDCCCXIII. Size, I inch. THIS petite medal was struck by order of the govern- ment of France, to commemorate the visit of the Em- press Maria Louisa to the Medal Mint. 256 No. CXXXVIII. LA PRTNCESSE ELISA. Obverse Head of the Princess, within a dotted circle ; around her head a diadem, no legend. Exergue, ANDRIEU F. Reverse plain. Size, I inch. THIS petite medal, so long a desideratum in every set which has been made up, may now be had of the pub- lisher, price I/. 11s. 6d. in bronze or silver. The original die, for the Princess Eliza, broke, on being proved ; and M. Andrieu received orders to proceed with a second. Before he had finished it, the issue .of the battle of Waterloo led to Bonaparte's second abdi- cation, and the die was in consequence laid aside with- out any reverse being engraved. Upon a recent visit to Paris, by two gentlemen (to whom any person de- siring it will be referred) they called upon M. Andrieu, and in their conversation stated how desirable it would be to have the medal of the Princess Eliza, which was deficient in every collection ; on which he immediately produced the die, the subject of the discourse, in its present state, at the same time offering it for sale ; and it was eventually purchased by them, and from them, at a very great price, by the publisher. 237 No. CXXX1X. LA PRINCESSE PAULINE. Obverse Head of the Princess, her hair ct la grecque. Legend, OAYAINA SEBASTOY AAEA*H ; within a dotted circle ; under the head, a Greek monogram of the artist's name, (AN- DRIEU). Reverse t/iree female figures un- draped, representing the three Graces. Le- gend, HMON KAAH BASiAEYE, surrounded by a dotted circle. Size, I inch. N, B. We have seen in the possession of our pub- lisher this medal struck from a dump without the collar, by which it has all the appearance of a Greek medalet. This medalet was struck on the visit of the Princess Paulina to the National Medal Mint at Paris. 238 No. CXL. LA REINE DE NAPLES. Obverse Head of the Queen of Naples, with a diadem on her head, jewels in her ears, and necklace around her neck; on the right, a rose bud, on the left, behind her head, a sprig of myrtle or jessamine. Legend, BAEIAIEEA KAPOAINH, within a dotted circle. Exergue, initials of the artist's name, B. p. Reverse Victory on wing, crowning the Minotaur ivith a laurel wreath, within a dotted circle. Legend, ASIH, on the superior part of the field; under the belly of the Minotaur , AEN. Exergue, NEonoAiTflN. Size, I inch. STRUCK on the visit of the Queen to the National Medal Mint at Paris. 239 No. CXLT. LA REINE HORTENSE. Obverse Head of the Queen Hor tense, a diadem of myrtle round her head, hair dressed a la grecque. Legend, OPTHSIA BAZIAIZSA, within a dotted circle ; under the head a Greek mo- nogram of the artist's name, (ANDRIEU). Re- verse on the field an inscription, s. M. LA REINE HORTENSE VISITE LA MONNAIE DES MEDAILLES. Size, I inch. THIS petite medal was struck by the order of the French government commemorative of the visit paid to the medal mint by the Queen Hortense. THE END. Printed by J. M'Crery, Black-Hone-Conrt, London. I Si- [ilni 1 "fywHABi .v^lOS-ANC I i I If s Ir" *AaV8fl LI I '-"I/K/' S I A 000358152 7 IBRARY0* <*. V*,'