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 1910. 
 
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 WESTERN AUSTKA El A. 
 
 REPORT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 JIOYAL (X)AIiMI88ION 
 
 ON iiii-; 
 
 "-',::. 
 
 
 KSTAP)LISHMEi\T OF A mfTKKSITY. 
 
 Pretented to loth Houses of Parliament by His Eveellency's Command. 
 
 PERTH : 
 
 HV AUTHOKITT FKKD. WM. SIMPSON, GOVkRNMENT PRINTER. 
 
 1910. 
 


 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. 
 
 ROYAL COMMISSION on the ESTABLISHMENT of a UNIVERSITY. 
 
 REPORT: 
 With Minutes of proceedings, Minutes of Evidence, xnd Appendices. 
 
 ORDER: 
 
 1. Minutes of proceedings of Commission. 
 
 2. Minutes of proceedings of Committee of Commission. 
 
 3. Report. 
 
 4. Appendices : 
 
 1. Examination of Professor McCallum. 
 
 2. Examination of Professor Naylor. 
 
 3. Chairman's Report. 
 
 4. Information received from other Auslralian Universities:*- 
 (a.) Adelaide Univetsitr. 
 
 (b.) Sydney University, 
 (c.) University of Tasmania. 
 
 5. Report of the Rt. Rev. the Bishop of Perth. 
 Report by Dr. Smith on London University. 
 
 7. Draft Bill for the Establishment of the Uni\ersiiy of Western Australia. 
 
C.S.O. 560/08. 
 
 COMMISSION 
 
 Wbstekn Australia, By Hig Excellency Admiral Sir Frederick 
 
 m. TO WIT. George Denh.ini Bedford, Knight Grand 
 
 F Cross of the Most Honourable Order of 
 
 I- RED. G. D. Bedfoku, the Bath, (Jovernor in and over the State 
 
 Governor. of We.stern Australia and it« Depen- 
 
 (l.8.) dencies, etc., etc., in the Commonwealth 
 
 of Australia in the name and on behalf 
 
 of His Majesty King Edward VII., by 
 
 the Grace of Gixl of the United Kingdom 
 
 of Great Britain and Ireland, and of the 
 
 British Dominions beyond the Seas, King, 
 
 Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India. 
 
 To Hon. Dr. Haokett, J. P.. LL.D., .M.L.C. ; the Right 
 Rev. Dr. Riley, Lord Bishop of Perth ; Mr. Cecil 
 Andrews, M.A. ; Sir Walter Janes, K.C. ; Rev. Brother 
 Nunan ; Hon. Henrv Briggs, M.L.C; Mr. Thomas Bath. 
 M.L.A. ; Mr. F. B. Allen, M.A., B.Sc. ; Mr. W. E. Cooke, 
 M.A. ; Dr. Athelstan Saw; Dr. J. W. Smith, K.C, LL.D. 
 
 Greeting : 
 
 WHEREAS, acting with the advice of the Executive Council, 
 I am desirous of appointing Commissioners to inquire into and 
 report to me upon the question whetlier the time is opportune 
 for the establishment of a University in this State ; and if so, 
 then to inquire into and report to me upon the following 
 matters : — 
 
 (a.) As to the constitution and form of government of 
 such University ; 
 
 (b.) The Professors and other University Officers to be 
 appointed at the outset, at what salaries and under 
 what conditions ; 
 
 I'c.) The courses of study to be undertaken ; 
 
 (d.) The fees to be charged to students ; 
 
 (i) The buildings that would be required and the most 
 suitable arrangement with regard thereto. 
 
 (f.) The estimated cost with regard to: — 
 
 (1.) Initial expenditjre, dn(X '>[";';' ', •;'' '• ■*- 
 (2.) Annual expendituie; '',„.',', ',■ l"'. ', "' ',..'''> 
 
 (g.) The estimated revenue, and 
 
 (h.) Generally to make such recommendations as to you 
 may seem fit in connection with the foundation and 
 establishment of a University : 
 
 Now know ve that I do hereby appoint you, the said Hon. 
 Dr. Hackett. J.P., LL.D., M.L.C; the Right Rev. The Lord 
 Bishop of Perth; Mr. Cecil Andrews, M.A. ; Sir Walter 
 James, K.C; Rev. Brother Nunan; Hon. Henry Briggs, 
 M.L.C; Mr. Thomas Bath, M.L.A.; Mr. F. B. Allen, M.A., 
 B.Sc. ; Mr. W. E. Cooke, M.A. ; Dr. Athelstan Saw; Dr. J. 
 W. Smith, K.C, LL.D., to be Commissioners for the purposes 
 aforesaid, and I further appoint you the said Hon. Dr. Hackett, 
 J. P., LL.D., M.L.C, Chairman of the said Commissioners: 
 And 1 direct that at any meeting of the said Commissioners, 
 six Commissioners shall be sufficient to constitute a quorum 
 and may proceed with the inquiry entrusted to you under 
 this Co:nniission notwithstanding the absence of the other 
 Commissioners : And I further direct that, in the absence of 
 Chairman from any meeting of the said Commission, the Cor,-, 
 missioner.s present may appoint one of their number to act 
 as Chairman durine; such absence : And I declare this Com- 
 mission to be a Royal Commission within the meaning of "The 
 Royal Commi.c.sioners' T>cwers Act, 1902." 
 
 And I 00 hereby desire and request that you do, as toon 
 as the same can conveniently be done, report to me in writing 
 your proceedings and the result of your inquiries, and also 
 vour recommendations by virtue of this Commission. 
 
 Given at Perth this 6th day of January, 1909. 
 By His Excellency's Command, 
 
 N. J. MOORE, 
 for Minister for Education. 
 
ROYAL COMMISSION— UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA. 
 
 Minutes of the Proceedings of the Commission. 
 
 THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 1909. 
 
 At the first meeting of the Cominission, held at the 
 office of the Chairman on February 11, there were 
 present : — 
 
 The Hon. John Winthrop Hackett, M.A., LL.D., 
 
 M.L.C., Chairman. 
 The Rt. Rev. Charles O. L. Riley, D.D., V.D., 
 
 Bishop of Perth. 
 The Hon. Henry Briggs, M.L.C., President of the 
 
 Legislative Council. 
 Sir Walter James, K.C. 
 
 Cecil R. P. Andrews, Esq., M.A., Inspector- 
 General of Schools. 
 Thomas H. Bath, Esq., M.L.A., J.P. 
 Frank Bowen Allen, Esq., M.A., B.Sc, Director of 
 
 Technical Education. 
 James Walter Smith, Esq., K.C, B.A., LL.D. 
 William Ernest Cooke, Esq., M.A., Government 
 Astronomer. 
 Apologies were received from : — 
 The Rev. Brother Nunan. 
 Athelstan J. H. Saw, Esq., M.D. 
 The Chairman laid the Gazette notice appointing 
 the Commission upon the table. 
 
 Mr. Jas. S. Battye, B.A., LL.B., was unanimously 
 appointed Honorary Secretary to the Commission. 
 
 The Chairman read to the Commission some notes 
 upon the various matters to be considered by the Com- 
 mission. 
 
 The Chairman stated that he was prepared, so soon 
 as the University was in working order, to find the 
 funds sufficient to provide for the foundation of a Chair 
 of Agriculture. 
 
 The thanks of the Commission were accorded to the 
 Chairman for his munificent offer. 
 
 Leave of absence was granted to the Chairman and 
 Mr. Cooke, who were about to proceed to England, and 
 it was decided that during their absence the remaining 
 members of the Commission should sit as a Committee 
 for the purpose of collecting information. 
 
 The Rt. Rev. the Bishop of Perth was appointed 
 Deputy Chairman. 
 
 It was decided that, in addition to the matters set 
 out in the Commission, inquiries should be made as to 
 the sites available for the purposes of a University. 
 The meeting then adjourned. 
 
 The minutes of the previous meeting were read and 
 confirmed. 
 
 Professor McCallum, M.A., LL.D., of Sydney Uni- 
 versity, was present by request, and was examined by 
 the Commission. 
 
 (See Appendix for full report.) 
 
 The meeting then adjourned. 
 
 MONDAY, MAY 16, 1910. 
 
 Vresent : — 
 
 Hon. Dr. Hackett, Chairman. 
 
 Rt. Rev. Dr. Riley, Bishop of Perth. 
 
 Hon. H. Briggs. 
 
 Mr. Andrews. 
 
 Dr. J. W. Smith. 
 
 Mr. Cooke. 
 
 Mr. Allen. 
 
 Mr. Bath. 
 
 The minutes of the previous meeting were read and 
 confirmed. 
 
 Resignation of Bro. Nunan, who had been trans- 
 ferred to Victoria, was received. 
 
 The Chairman presented a report containing informa- 
 tion relating to the newer English Universities, princi- 
 pally relative to constitution and methods of working. 
 (For full text of report see Appendix.) 
 
 The thanks of the Commission were acco: Jed to the 
 Chairman. 
 
 It was resolved that a sub-committee, consisting of 
 the Chaii-man, the Rt. Rev. Bishop Riley, and the Hon. 
 Secretary, should prepare a draft Bill for the consider- 
 ation of the Commission. 
 
 It was resolved that each member of the Commission 
 should be supplied with a copy of 
 
 (a) Queensland Draft University Bill. 
 
 (b) Queensland University Act. 
 
 (c) Western Australian Draft Bill. 
 
 The meeting then adjourned. 
 
 MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 20, 1909. 
 
 Present : — 
 Hon. Dr. Hackett. Chairman. 
 Rt. Rev. Dr. Riley, Bishop of Perth. 
 Hon. H. Briggs. 
 Dr. J. W. Smith. 
 Mr. Andrews. 
 Bro. Nunan. 
 Dr. Saw. 
 Mr. Allen. 
 
 MONDAY, MAY 30, 1910. 
 Present : — 
 Hon. Dr. Hackett, Chairman. 
 Rt. Rev. Dr. Riley, Bishop of Perth. 
 Hon. H. Briggs. 
 Sir Walter James. 
 Mr. Andrews. 
 Dr. Smith. 
 Mr. Allen. 
 Mr. Bath. 
 
 Apologies were received from Dr. Saw and Mr. 
 Cooke. 
 
The minutes of the previous meeting were read and 
 confirmed. 
 
 The sub-committee appointed at the previous meet- 
 ing presented a Draft Bill for consideration by the 
 Commission. 
 
 Clauses 1 — 12 were considered seriatim, and provi   
 sionally approved with amendments. 
 
 The meeting then adjourned until the following day 
 at 3 p.ini;;' ;:•:;"••■;;:; t j'. ' ;■ 
 
 TUESDAY, MAY 31, 1910. 
 Present : — 
 Hon. Dr. Hackett, Chairman. 
 Rt. Rev. Dr. Riley, Bishop of Perth. 
 Hon. H. Briggs. 
 Mr. Andrews. 
 Mr. Bath. 
 Mr. Allen. 
 
 Consideration of Draft Bill was resumed, and the 
 remaining clauses approved, with amendments. 
 
 The Draft Bill, provisionally approved, was ordered 
 to be sent to the Parliamentary Draftsman for his con- 
 sideration. 
 
 The sub-committee was instructed to prepare a draft 
 of the Commission report for future consideration. 
 
 The Chairman placed before the Commission the 
 following letter, having reference to his offer to found 
 a Chair of Agriculture : — 
 
 Perth, 30th May, 1910. 
 Gentlemen, — 
 
 Y'ou will remember that at our meeting on the lllh 
 February, 1909, I announced that I was prepared to 
 find the funds, as soon as the University is in working 
 order, sufficient to provide for the foundation of a Chair 
 of Agriculture. My offer, you will have noticed, iv 
 conditional on the University being established, when 
 my gift will follow as a natural sequence. For this 
 purpose, I may say ,1 have made provision in my will. 
 At the same time, I desire it to be understood that this 
 offer pre-supposes only a reasonable time should elapse 
 before the University is constituted. I hope you will 
 not consider it an unreasonable condition that two years 
 only should pass before the University attains "working 
 order," in accordance with the terms of my inomise. 
 In other words, the offer will only hold good for two 
 years from the first day of June, 1910. As this offer 
 was made a year ago, this will give it a currency of 
 three years. 1 earnestly hope it will not take the two 
 years to see the University esablished. 
 
 I have the honour to be, 
 
 Faithfully yours, 
 
 (Sgd.) J.W. Hackett. 
 
 The meeting then adjourned. 
 
 MONDAY, AUGUST 1, 1910. 
 
 Present : — 
 Hon. Dr. Hackett, Chairman. 
 Rt. Rev. Dr. Riley, Bishop of Perth. 
 Hon. H. Briggs. 
 Mr. Andrews. 
 Mr. Bath. 
 Dr. Smith. 
 Mr. Allen. 
 Dr. Saw. 
 Mr. Cooke. «- 
 
 The minutes of the previous meeting were read and 
 confirmed. 
 
 The minutes of the meetings of the committee of 
 the Commission held on March 22nd, June 2nd, and 
 August 4th, 1909, were adopted. 
 
 The sub-committee appointed to draft the report 
 presented a series of suggestions for the consideration 
 of the Commission. After discussion, it was re- 
 solved : — 
 
 (1) That, in the best interests of education and of 
 the State, it is advisable that a Western Aus- 
 tralian University should be established with- 
 out delay. 
 
 (2) That the constitution of the University 
 should, as far as possible, conform to the type 
 adopted by the Universities of the Eastern 
 States, but with such amendments as will 
 liring it into full accord with modern and 
 liberal requirements. For the government 
 and regulation of the new University, the 
 Commission recommends the scheme set out 
 in the draft Bill herewith appended. 
 
 (3) That in all respects the members of both sexe» 
 
 shall enjoy equal facilities, rights, and privi- 
 leges. 
 
 (4) The Commission favours the view that teach- 
 
 ing in the University should be free, and 
 suggests that if fees are found necessary that 
 they should be on the lowest possible scale. 
 
 The Commission then adjourned till Friday, August 
 5th. 
 
 FRIDAY, AUGUST 5, 1910. 
 
 Present : — 
 Hon. Dr. Hackett, Chairman. 
 Rt. Rev. Dr. Riley, Bishop of Perth. 
 Hon. H. Briggs. 
 Mr. Andrews. 
 Mr. Bath. 
 Dr. Smith. 
 Mr. Allen. 
 Mr. Cooke. 
 
 Apology was received from Dr. Saw. 
 
 The minutes of the previous meeting were read and 
 confirmed. 
 
 Consideiation of the subcommittee's suggestions 
 was resumed, and it was resolved : — 
 
 (5) That Faculties be formed in Artfi, Science, 
 pure and applied, Law, and perhaps Music, 
 and at a later stage in Medicine. That in 
 the division of Applied Science, courses of 
 
 study in Agriculture and Mining should, in 
 the opinion of the Commission, be made 
 essential at the outset, and that, whilst it 
 may not be possible for some time to provide 
 for a full couise in Medicine, early arrange- 
 ments should be made for Diplomas in 
 Dentistry and Veterinary Science. 
 
 (6) That Parliament be asked to provide the sum 
 
 of £10,000 annually for the purposes of the 
 University, and £2,000 for the purpose of 
 providing scholarships and exhibitions, but if 
 it is decided that te.aching in the University 
 shall bs tree, then Parliament be asked to 
 increase the annual grant to an extent suffi- 
 cient to cover the estimated loss that wouhl 
 accrue through fees not being charged. 
 
9 
 
 The draft Bill, as revised by the Parliamentary 
 Draftsman, was reconsidered, and finally approved for 
 inclusion in the Report. 
 
 The meeting then adjourned. 
 
 WEDNf-SUAY, AUGUiST 24, 1910. 
 
 Present : 
 Hon. Dr. Huckett, Chairman. 
 Rt. Rev. Dr. Riley, Bishop of Perth. 
 Hon. H. Brigg.s. 
 Sir Walter James. 
 Mr. Bath. 
 Mr. Andrews. 
 Dr. Saw. 
 Dr. Smith. 
 Mr. Allen. 
 Mr. Cooke. 
 
 The minnte.s of the previous meeting were read and 
 confirmed. 
 
 It was resolved that a leport or London University 
 by Dr. J. W. Smith should be included as an Appendix 
 lo the Rejjort. 
 
 The draft report of the Conunission, presented by 
 the Sub-Lommittee, was considered, and various amend- 
 ments made. 
 
 The meeting then adjourned till Tuesday, August 
 :50th, at 11.30 a.m., for the consideration <ii amendments 
 suggested by Sir Walter James. 
 
 TUESDAY, AUGUST 30, 1910. 
 Present : — 
 Hon. Dr. Hackett, Chairman. 
 Rt. Rev. Dr. Riley, Bishop of Perth. 
 Hon. H. Briggs. 
 Sir Walter James. 
 Mr. Andrews. 
 Dr. Smith. 
 Mr. Bath. 
 Mr. Allen. 
 Mr. Cooke. 
 
 Apology was received from Dr. Saw. 
 
 In the absence of the Hon. Secretary the minutes 
 were recorded by Mr. Allen. 
 
 It was decided that letters of thanks should be 
 
 forwarded to Professor Stanley Gardiner and to the 
 
 Universities for valuable information supplied to the 
 Commission. 
 
 A letter concerning a site for the University was 
 received from the Leederville Town Council, and the 
 matter wa.s left in the hands of the Chairman for acknow- 
 • ledgment. 
 
 The draft report of the Commission was further con- 
 sidered and amended ; those portions relating to the 
 proposed scheiue, and to the question of site, being 
 particularly discussed. 
 
 On the motion of the Rt. Rev. Dr. Riley, Bishop 
 of Perth, the following resolution was carried and 
 ordered to be inserted at the conclusion of the 
 Report : — 
 
 "That the thanks of the Commission be hereby 
 given to the Chairman, Dr. Hackett, for his 
 splendid example of liberality and citizenship 
 in offering to provide an endowment for a 
 Chair of Agriculture." 
 
 On the motion of the Chairman it was agreed • 
 "That the Report be adopted." 
 
 Mr. Sayer attended and gave the Commission the 
 desired information on the legal aspect of the endow 
 ment clauses in the "University Endowment Act, 1904,'' 
 and the proposed Bill. 
 
 The Hon. Secretary was instructed to present the 
 report, when ready, to each member for signature. 
 
 The meetings of the Commission then concluded. 
 
 MINUTES OF jTHE PROCEEDINGS OFj THE 
 COMMITTEE OF THE COMMISSION. 
 
 MONDAY, MAROH 22, 1909. 
 
 Present : — 
 
 The Right Rev. Bishop Riley, Cairnian. ' 
 
 Hon. H. Briggs. 
 
 Dr. J. W. Smith. 
 
 Dr. Saw. 
 
 Mr. Andrews. 
 
 Mr. Bath. 
 
 Mr. Allen. 
 
 Bro. Nunan. 
 
 The Hon. Secretary was instructed to write to 
 Queensland, asking for 12 copies of the reports, etc., 
 issued by the Royal Conmiission on the University of 
 Queensland. 
 
 The Hon. Secretary presented a draft list of ques- 
 tions for submission to other Universities. After dis- 
 cussion the list was approved in the form printed here- 
 under ; - 
 
 INFORMATION SOUGHT FROM OTHER 
 UNIVERSITIES. 
 
 Note. — The Commission desires that Universities in 
 framing their replies will note the following points : — 
 
 (a) That when established this will bie the only 
 University in the State of Western Australia, 
 the nearest being that of South Australia, over 
 1,000 miles away. 
 
 (b) That owing to limited funds at the disposal of 
 the Government, and the fact that there are 
 no private endowments, strict economy will be 
 necessary in the establishment of the Uni- 
 versity, so that in the beginning the number 
 of Faculties will probably have to be limited 
 to three or four. 
 
 1. In the light of your experience, what Faculties 
 would you suggest as essential at the outset without 
 regard to any local circumstances ! 
 
 2. At the commencement of your University what 
 
 Faculties were established, and what administrative 
 officers were appointed ? 
 
 3. What are the fees charged to each student of 
 each Faculty in each year ? 
 
 4. What ijuildings did you find necessary at the 
 commencement, and what arrangement did you find 
 most satisfactory 1 
 
 5. Please give the following particulars in regard to 
 your University ?— 
 
 (a) Initial capital expenditure on establishment. 
 
 (b) Income during first year of eslahlishment from— 
 (i.) State aid. 
 
 (ii.) Fees from Students. 
 
10 
 
 (iii.) Interest on endowments. 
 
 (c) Expenditure during the sajne period. 
 
 (d) Present annual income and expenditure. 
 
 6. What lands available for University and colle- 
 giate purposes are attached to your University 1 
 
 7. Were they secured by grant from Government, 
 by purchase, or by private endowment? 
 
 8. What special advantages do you consider the 
 form of government in operation at your University 
 possesses ] 
 
 9. To what extent are students who are unable to 
 pay the ordinary fees assisted by — 
 
 (a) State aid, either in the way of scholarships, 
 or by other means. 
 
 (b) Private endowment ? 
 
 10. What conditions of residence, if any exist in 
 the case of students, and is attendance at lectures com 
 pulsory I 
 
 11. What is the average professorial salary, an.l 
 what are the conditions of tenure, particularly from the 
 standpoint of whether the professors are allowed private 
 practice in any way, or are allowed to secure fees apart 
 from their appointment 1 
 
 12. What was the population of your State (or of 
 the district served) at the time of the establishment of 
 your University 1 
 
 13. Can you forward any literature that might assist 
 the Commission in discussing the general question oi 
 the establishment of a University i 
 
 It was decided that the questions should be sent 
 to English, American, and Australian Universities. 
 
 The meeting then adjourned. 
 
 Mr. Andrews. 
 Bro. Nunan. 
 Mr. Allen. 
 
 Minutes of the previous Committee meeting were 
 read and confiimed. 
 
 Professor Darnley Naylor, of Adelaide University, 
 was present by invitation, and was examined by the 
 Committee upon the subjects within the scope of the 
 Commission. Fof full report of examination see Ap- 
 pendix. 
 
 The thanks of the Committee were accorded to 
 Professor Naylor. 
 
 The meeting then adjourned. 
 
 WEDNESDAY, JUNE 2, 1909. 
 
 Present: — 
 The Right Rev. Bishop Riley, Chairman. 
 Hon. li. Briggs. 
 Dr. J. W. Smith. 
 
 WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 4, 1909. 
 Present : — 
 
 The R'ight Rev. Bishop Riley, Chairman. 
 
 Hon. H. Briggs. 
 
 Sir Walter James. 
 
 Mr. Bath. 
 
 Mr. Andrews. 
 
 Dr. Smith. 
 
 Bro. Nunan. 
 
 The minutes of the previous meeting of the Com- 
 mittee were read and confirmed. 
 
 Apologies were received from Dr. Saw and Mr. 
 Allen. 
 
 The Hon. Secretary reported replies to the list ,)1 
 questions sent out had been received from the following 
 Universities : —Adelaide, California, Chicago, Columbia, 
 Cornell, Durham, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Harvard, Leeds, 
 Liverpool, London, Melbourne, Michigan, New Zealand, 
 St. Andrews, Sydney, Tasmania, Wisconsin, and Yale. 
 
 It was decided that these replies should be distri- 
 buted amongst the members of the Committee for sum 
 mary and analysis. 
 
 The meeting then adjourned. 
 
tt 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. 
 
 ROYAL COMMISION ON ESTABLISHMENT OF A UNIVERSITY. 
 
 REPORT 
 
 To His EXCEI.LKNCY, 
 
 SIR GERALD STRICKLAND, K.C.M.G., Count 
 della Catena, Governor in and over the State of 
 Western Australia and its Dependencies, etc., etc. 
 May it Please Yoin- Excellency, — 
 
 In pursuance of a Commission issued on January 
 (itii, 19()9, we have the honour to submit to Your Excel- 
 lency the following report, with evidence given by 
 witnesses and appendices of documents. 
 
 The enquiries of the Commissioners were directed 
 by their Commission towards the following matters: — 
 (a) As to to the constitution and form of government 
 of such University. 
 
 (b) The Professors and other University Officers to 
 be appointed at the outset, at what salaries 
 and under what conditions. 
 
 (c) The courses of study to be undertaken. 
 
 (d) The fees to be charged to students. 
 
 (e) The buildings that would be required, and the 
 most suitable arrangement with regard thereto. 
 
 (f) The estimated cost with regard to: — (1) Initial 
 
 expenditure, and (2) annual expenditure. 
 
 (g) The estimated revenue, and 
 
 (h) Generally to make such recommendations as 
 to you may seem fit in connection with the 
 foundation and establishment of a University. 
 All these questions will be found dealt with in the 
 report. The first meeting of the Commission was held 
 on February U, 1909. Since its appointment the Com- 
 mission has held nine meetings, and has also met na 
 a Committee upon three occasions. The attendances of 
 members have been as under : — 
 
 Committee. Commission. 
 
 Dr. Hackett 9 
 
 Bishop Rdley 3 9 
 
 Mr. Andrews 3 9 
 
 Sir Walter James 1 4 
 
 Bro. Nunan 3 1 
 
 Mr. Briggs 3 9 
 
 Mr. Bath 2 8 
 
 Mr. Allen 2 9 
 
 Mr. Cooke 6 
 
 Dr. Saw 1 3 
 
 Dr. Smith 3 8 
 
 OPINIONS. 
 
 Before proceeding to deal with the matters laid 
 down for their consideration, your Commission desires 
 to place before you some quotations from recent 
 sources of recognised experience showing how great a 
 part a modern University plays in the development of the 
 Community ; and further to give shortly the history of 
 the University movement botli in Australia generally 
 and in tliis State. 
 
 Our conception of a University has changed. Uni- 
 versity education is no longer regarded as the luxury 
 of the rich, which Ooncems only those who can afford 
 to pay heavily for it. . . . Science is now one of 
 
 the greatest necessities of a nation ; and our Universities 
 must become as much the insurers of future progress 
 as battleships are the insurers of the present power 
 of states. In other words, Univ^r^sity competition be- 
 tween states is now as potent as competition in building 
 l)attleships ; and it is on this ground that our University 
 conditions become of the highest national concern. 
 . . . . Men of science, our leaders of industry and 
 the chiefs of our political parties all agree that our pres- 
 ent want of higher education -in other words, properly 
 equipped Universities- is heavily handicapping us in 
 the present race for commercial supremacy, because it 
 provides a relatively inferior brain power, which is lead- 
 ing to a relatively reduced national income.— Sir Norman 
 Lockyer, 1903. 
 
 It is the function of a University to furnish men 
 with the means of becoming what it is their duty and 
 their privilege to be. — Professor Huxley. . 
 
 Universities ought to provide a cheap education. 
 Further, they ought to provide a practical education, 
 that is to say, all sorts of professional and technical 
 as well as general liberal instruction.— Right Hon. 
 James Bryce. 
 
 In order to provide a liberal education the term 
 liberal must apply in the fullest sense to the institution 
 itself. It must afford sucli assistance to poor students 
 of good character and capacity as may enable them to 
 secure a full proportional share of the opportunities it 
 offers, and it must be so amply endowed as to maintain 
 varied, disinterested, and able instruction in every 
 important branch of learning. Moreover, its life mus( 
 be recognised as an integral part of the life of the State. 
 —Professor Charles Eliot Norton, of Harvard Uni- 
 versity. 
 
 A direct connection has been shown to exist be- 
 tween the industrial condition of a country and the 
 attitude of the country towards University work. — 
 Principal Remsen, of John Hopkins University. 
 
 The ground of truth and reason on which all law 
 must rest is not only the business but the one supreme 
 business of a University. Look at the German Uni- 
 versities, which on small endowments have, in every 
 field of human knowledge, done more for the extension 
 of truth and culture during the last hundred years than 
 all other academical institutions put together.— 
 ■.-.'or." 
 
 The rise of these great (the State) Universities is 
 the most epoch-making feature of our American civilisa- 
 tion, and they are to become more and more the leaders, 
 and the makers, of our civilisation. They are of the 
 people. When a State University has gained solid 
 ground, it means that the people of a whole State have 
 turned their faces towards the light., it means that the 
 whole system of State schools has been welded into 
 an efTective agent for civilisation. — By H. S. Pritchett, 
 "Atlantic Monthly," June, 1910. 
 
ii 
 
 The Universities, or establishments in close con- 
 nection with the Universities, ought to be the tnio 
 Iraining places of the teachers. . . . The Universi- 
 ties ought to be the very intellectual centres of the 
 nation, the centres from which emanate light and leading 
 in almost every walk of life, and most of all in our 
 
 educational system The double aim of the 
 
 German University system — pure culture on the one 
 hand, and on the other the application of the highest 
 knowledge to commercial enterprise- is a growing fea- 
 ture of German life. — Rt. Hon. R. B. Haldane. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY MOVEMENT IN 
 AUSTRALIA. 
 
 The history of the University movement in Australia 
 dates from 1849, when, at the instance of W. C. Went- 
 worth, the New South Wales Legislative Council ap- 
 pointed a Select Committee "to consider and report how 
 best to institute a University for the promotion of 
 literature and science." 
 
 This committee recommended the esta,blishment of 
 a University with a permanent annual endowment of 
 £ft,UOO, but no decisive steps were tsiken until the follow- 
 ing year, when the Act of Incorporation of Sydney 
 University was passed and the first Senate was ap- 
 pointed. 
 
 A Royal Charter was granted in 1858, and women 
 students were admitted to certain privileges in 188L 
 The University originally only possessed three professor- 
 ships, but now contains 15 professors, [i assistant pro- 
 fessors, and 80 paid lecturers and demonstrators, in 
 addition to 6 wlio act in an honorary c&pacity. 
 
 Stimulated by the example of the mother colony, 
 Victoria then turned its attention to higher education, 
 and the University of Melbourne was established by 
 Act of Parliament in 1853. A site for buildings was also 
 set aside by the Government, and the foundation stone 
 of the University was laid in July, 1851, the building 
 being formally opened in April, 1855. By Royal Letteis 
 Patent issued in 1859 its degrees are, like those of 
 Sydney, declared of equal status with those of any other 
 University in the British Empire. Women students 
 were admitted to the privileges of the University in 
 1881. The institution, which began in 1855 with only 
 two schools — Arts and Law — has now a staff of 15 pro- 
 fessors and 56 lecturers and demonstrators, exclusive 
 of the Conservatorium of Music, erected through the 
 munificence of the Hon. Francis Ormond, which has a 
 staff numbering 18. 
 
 In the matter of private bequests and donations, 
 Sydney and Melbourne Universities have both been 
 especially fortunate. Some of these have been of 
 almost princely niagnifidence, and have been given both 
 for purposes of building and equipment, and for provid- 
 ing general revenue. In the case of Sydney, mention 
 may be made of the Russell Engineering ijequest of 
 £100,000, the Fisher Library bequest of £30,0iX), and 
 the Challis bequest for general purposes of property 
 now valued at £'268,224. In Melbourne the Wilson 
 Hall was erected by Sir Samuel Wilson at a cost of 
 £30,000, and the Chair of Music endowed with £20,0(K) 
 by the Hon. Francis Ormond, who, in addition, built 
 the Ormond affiliated College at a cost of over £100,001). 
 Besides these there are the Stewart, the Hastie, and 
 the Dixson bequests for scholarships and other purposes, 
 which amount to £55,000. 
 
 The University of Adelaide was established by Aci 
 of Parliament in 1874. Its origin was largely due to 
 the munificence of Sir Waller Watson Huglies and Sir 
 Thomas Elder, the total gifts of the latter amounting 
 to nearly £100,(K)0. The academical work of the insti- 
 tution was commenced in 1876, and the » University 
 
 buildings were opened in 1882. In 1881 Royal Letters 
 Patent were issued placing the degrees of the University 
 upon the same plane as those of other British Universi- 
 ties. The Elder Conservatorium of Music was opened 
 in 1896. 
 
 At first there were only 4 professorships in the 
 University, but the present staff consists of 9 professors 
 and 25 lecturers, exclusive of the staff at the Conserva 
 torium, -vliich numbers 10. At its inception th<; 
 University received an endowment grant of 50,000 acres, 
 but this has recently been repurchased by the State. 
 The Parliamentary grant consists of 5 per cent on the 
 capital value of the endowments, provided that amount 
 does not exceed £10,000 in any one year. 
 
 It is interesting to note that the Adelaide University 
 was the first Australian University to giant degrees 
 to women, the power to do so being conferred by Act 
 ijf Parliament in 1880. 
 
 The Act to establish the University of Tasmania 
 was passed in 1889, and the University wa^ opened in 
 1891. Owing to the lack of funds, the institution has 
 not been able to make as mudh headway as the other 
 Australian Universities, but it at present possesses a 
 staff of 3 professors and 5 lecturers. Since 1906 the 
 Zeehan School of Mines and Metallurgy has been affili- 
 ated with it. 
 
 The latest development of Univeisity education in 
 Australia is the University of Queensland, which was 
 established by Statute of the State Parliament at the 
 end of last year, with an annual grant of £10,000, 
 in addition to a provision of £3,500 yeaily for the 
 purpose of scholarships, and a sum of £50,000 for initial 
 expenditure. Arrangements are now being made so 
 that the actual work of the institution may commence 
 in March of next year. 
 
 The income from all sources -Government grant, 
 fees, and endowment — of each of the Australian Un; 
 versifies at the present time may be approximately 
 summarised as follows : — 
 
 Sydney £53,524 
 
 Melbourne 46,325 
 
 Adelaide 24,230 
 
 Tasmania 5,666 
 
 HISTORY OP THE UNIVERSITY MOVEMENT IN 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. 
 
 The movement in favour of establishing a University 
 in Western Australia may be said to have been in the 
 air for many years past, but the actual steps towards 
 a consummation have until very recently been few. The 
 earliest definite step was taken in February, 1898, when 
 the Adelaide University Extension Committee was 
 formed. From that time until the present Adelaide 
 University in co-operation with this Committee has held 
 examinations regularly for the Junior, Senior, and 
 Higher Public certificates, and for a portion of the 
 degree work in various branches of learning. Adelaide 
 University in this way has done much to bridge the 
 gap that existed in our educational system, so far as 
 the examining Side is concerned, through the ab.<:cnc(' 
 of a local university. But, whilst every credit must be 
 given to Adelaide, to the authorities of which the warm- 
 est thanks of Western Australia are due for tlie assist- 
 ance thus rendered, it is felt that Western Australia 
 has now reached the stage where more is required 
 than examinations the stage where, if education is to 
 be effective, there must be that higher teaching in 
 literature, Science, and Art that a University alone can 
 suiiply. By the affiliation of our Technical f-'chool, 
 Adelaide has in some measure endeavoured to help us 
 
13 
 
 in this (lirei-tion also, Init that help necessarily falls 
 \ ory far short of the full measure of our requirements. 
 
 In ;iddition to the work of carrying out examina 
 tions, the Extension Committee has taken in hand the 
 delivery of jniblie Extension J^ectures, and has succeeded 
 in arranging annually for some j'ears past a series of 
 lectures by Professors and Lecturers of proved ability 
 and standing in Great Britain and the Eastern States. 
 Lectures of a similar cliaraoter have also been arranged 
 by the .Swan River Mechanics' Institute (now the Perth 
 Literary Institute) and other bodies. 
 
 The question seems not to have been mooted in 
 Parliament until 1901, when a motion advocating the 
 cstabLshment of a University was brought forward in 
 the Legislative Council. The motion was discussed 
 at length, and was ultimately, after amendment, 
 itdopted in the following terms : — 
 
 "That this House is of opinion that the advisa 
 bility of at once establishing a University or 
 University Institute demands, in the best 
 interests of the State, the immediate con- 
 sideration of the Government.' 
 
 No further steps were taken until 1904, when Par- 
 liament passed an Act creating a University Endowment 
 Trust, and granted to the Trustees under that Act about 
 4,000 acres of suburban lands, and some other 
 blocks in various parts of the country, as the nucleus 
 of an endowment for a University. 
 
 In 1906 the University Graduates' Union was 
 founded with the object of banding together the Uni- 
 versity men who were resident in Western Australia, 
 and thus in some measure endeavouring to educate 
 public opinion in favour of a University. 
 
 In the same year advantage was taken of the 
 presence of Dr. HiU, Master of Downing College, Cam- 
 bridge, who had come out under engagement to the 
 University Extension Committee, to hold a public meet- 
 ing in Queen's Hall for the purpose of discussing the 
 question of a University. At this meeting, held in Sep- 
 tember, 1908, at which Dr. Hackett presided, the follow- 
 ing resolution was passed on the motion of the Bishop 
 of Perth, seconded by Dr. Hill: — 
 
 "That this meeting records its opinion that the 
 time has come when a University should be 
 established in Western Australia." 
 
 The meeting further pledged itself to support the move- 
 ment, and requested the Endowment Trustees and the 
 Extension Committee to act in conjunction in the 
 matter. 
 
 In June, 1907, a deputation from the University 
 Graduates' Union waited upon the Minister for Educa- 
 tion, and urged that a charter be granted for an examin 
 ing University. The Minister expressed himself as 
 favourable to the idea, but suggested that the Union 
 should consult with the Endowment Trustees. The 
 result of such consultation was that the idea of a 
 merely examining University was abandoned, as it was 
 felt that a teaching institution should be the goal to- 
 wards which all efforts should be primarily directed. 
 
 In the following month, a sub-committee of the 
 University Extension Committee, which had been 
 considering the question, brought in a report advocating 
 as a fundamental principle that the University should be 
 a teaching as well as an examining body. 
 
 Further action was taken in the beginning of 1909, 
 when, on February 5th, the Government appointed a 
 Royal Commission charged to report to His Excellency 
 the Governor "upon the question whether the time is 
 opportune for the establishment of a University in this 
 State," and, if so, upon various matters in connection 
 (herewith. 
 
 INSTRUCTIONS FOR' REPORT. 
 The trend of the delilierations of the Commission 
 and tlie opinion it formed may be best gathered from the 
 instructions which the Sub-Committee received for the 
 preparation of tlieir report. These instructions were 
 as follows : — 
 
 Resolved : — 
 
 No. 1. That in the best interests of education and 
 of the State it is advisable that a Western 
 Australian University should he established 
 without delay. 
 
 No. -2. That the Constitution of the University 
 siiould, as f<ar as possible, conform to the type 
 adopted by the Universities of the Eastern 
 States, but with such amendments as will 
 bring it into full accord with modern and 
 liberal requirements. For the government 
 and regulation of the new University the Com- 
 mission recommends the scheme set cut in t.ie 
 draft bill herewith appended. 
 
 No. 3. That in all respects the members of both 
 sexes shall enjoy equal facilities, rights, and 
 privileges. 
 
 No. 4. The Commission favours the view that the 
 University should be free to all students, and 
 suggests that if fees are found to be necessary 
 these should be on the lowest possible scale. 
 
 No. 5. That Faculties should be f ormed in 
 Arts, Science (pure and applied) Law, 
 and perhaps Music, and at a later 
 stage in Medicine and Surgery. That 
 in the division of Applied Science, courses 
 of study in Agriculture and Mining should b° 
 undertaken at the outset, and that, although 
 it may not be possible for some time to insti- 
 tute a full course in Medicine, early oppor- 
 tunity should be taken to grant diplomas m 
 Dentistry, and Veterinary Science. 
 
 No. 6. That the University should receive the same 
 subsidy as that given to Queensland Uni- 
 versity, viz., £10,000, exclusive of any grant 
 for scholarships. 
 If these instructions are taken and elaborated in 
 their order the various matters which your Commission 
 was charged to enquire into will be found to be more 
 fully dealt with. 
 
 ESTABLISHMENT OF A UNIVERSITY. 
 No. 1. That, in the best interests of education and 
 of the State, it is advisable that a Western 
 Australian University should be established 
 without delay. 
 
 Your Commission is unanimous in this opinion. 
 Western Australia is the only considerable member 
 of the white dominions of the Crown without a 
 University. Indeed, every civilised State in the 
 world save our own can now boast of having 
 some such help for its people. In America it is 
 said that the capitalised funds of the University endow- 
 ments increase by many millions sterling annually. 
 It is looked upon as the fountain of direction and inspira- 
 tion for every national system of education. In the 
 United Kingdom so keenly is the need for University 
 extension realised that there are now close on a score 
 of working Universities, and of these nearly one half 
 are the product of the last few years. For our purpose 
 these latter are every way interesting and instructive. 
 The new British l^niversity and its kin stand high among 
 the educational successes of the present day. Penetrated 
 with the modem spirit, they are achieving a memorable 
 
14 
 
 work in all directions — a 'Work, social, ' commercial, ' 
 industrial, and defensive. No one can fail to' recognise 
 that the world's leaders of the future will come frdni 
 those who ' stand highest in their command of 
 the subjects ' in which the modern University has 
 been established to give advanced instruction. 
 The University should be the natural head and 
 keystone of our educational development. There 
 is scarcely a branch of instruction in the primary schools, 
 and of the secondary scliffols still more is it true, which . 
 ought nol; to lead up to and finally merge into the fuller 
 educational life it is the function of the University to 
 call mto existence. Whether on the side of original 
 enquiry,- or;by spreading the knowledge of the literary 
 stores of past ages, or in familiarising us with the dis- 
 coveries and thoughts of others, the business of the lat- 
 ter day University is to develop the best faculties of the 
 human mind. It is its work to place in the forefront the 
 most thoughtful, the most apt, and the most aspiring of 
 the nations of mankind. 
 
 In Western Australia the argument for the immedi- 
 ate establishment of a national University stands prac- 
 tically without answer. If we compare our own present 
 position with that of the sister States of Australia at 
 the time their Universities were founded, with one ex- 
 ception tKe advantage rests with Western Australia if 
 we take population, revenue, and national development 
 into account. The following are the figure-; : - 
 
 Population. Rtevenue. 
 
 1851. New South Wales 197,000 400,000 
 
 1856. Victoria 338,315 2,728,656 
 
 1870. South Australia 188,915 564,640 
 
 1891. Tasmania 145,290 678,909 
 
 1910. Western Australia 285,000 3,365,000 
 
 To compare the revenue of Western Australia at the 
 present time with the revenues of the Eastern States 
 the time of the establishment of their Universities ;is 
 given above would be to a great extent misleading. 
 Eailway development and other works of a reproductive 
 nature were then in their infancy in Npw South Wales, 
 Victoria, and South Australia, and consequently the 
 gross revenues were not swelled by the earnings of these 
 branches of State industry. If, however, we deduct 
 from the revenue of Western Australia the amount of 
 about £1,800,000, representing the working cost of repro 
 ductive works, such as the Railways, the Goldfields Water 
 Supply, the State Batteries, and the Fremantle Harbour 
 Works, our financial condition will still compare more, 
 than favourably with that of the other States at the 
 time when their Universities were established. 
 
 ACVANTAGES TO WESTERN AUSTRALIA. 
 
 To Western Australia the gain of a University 
 founded on wise lines would be of a special character. 
 The latest of the Australian States to enter upon a 
 career of strenuous clevelopmenl, she finds herself pos- 
 sessed of unusual aclvantages. The natural wealth at 
 the behest of the miner and metallurgist, the farmer, 
 the fruit-grower, the viticulturist, the technologist, and 
 the like is quite immeasurable. But the great bulk 
 of the youth of this State, male or female, cannot afford 
 to leave Western Australia to reach higher grades of 
 instruction in these subjects. The well-to-do can send 
 their sons and daughters either to the Universities of 
 the Motherland, or to those that have risen more recently 
 in the east. The University of this State, however, 
 while admitting all, must have particularly in view to 
 help the sons and daughters of the working man, and 
 of those of limited means wherever these are to be 
 found. 'These students and the teaching in the 
 useful arts form the special considerations in the 
 
 new departure. But at present not only is advanced 
 instruction in practical subjects unprovided for, but the 
 study of ancient and modern tongues and of their match- 
 less contributions to the learning and cultivation of the 
 world, is cut short half way. When a boy leaves the 
 secondary school in Western Australia he has small 
 chance of climbing higher if he elect or is compelled to 
 remain in this State. This state of things presses even 
 more severely upon our girls. Numbers of 
 these in possession of sufficient capacity and 
 leisure would readily further follow up their 
 literary or scientific ' studies if only the way 
 was opened to them. Who can say how much the 
 community has lost by the shutting up of the avenues 
 of higher education to receptive and ambitious spirits 
 who suddenly find themselves before a closed door, 
 where they may knock but will find none to open. 
 
 It may be pointed out that so much has 
 been done already for education in this State by the 
 wisdom of successive Parliaments that the task of 
 founding a University has become a comparatively 
 simple, easy, and inexpensive one. Many of Uiose ad 
 juncts which are necessary for the equipment of a Uni- 
 versity are already in existence. We have secondary 
 schools, technical schools, a mining school, a museum, 
 libraries and art gallery, agricultural and farming 
 schools, zoological gardens, public health laboratories, 
 an observatory, to which may be added an organised 
 system of University examinations throughout the State. 
 It is worth remarking that the absolute gap left by the 
 want of any provision for tlie higher grades of education 
 contrasts singularly with the liberality, enterprise, and 
 success with which the a3mirable system of primary 
 schools have been so long associated in Western Aus- 
 tralia. The foundations having been laid so well, it is 
 remarkable that the higher courses of the educational 
 structure should have been so long left wanting if they 
 have not been wholly forgotten. 
 
 CONSTITUTION. 
 
 No. 2. That the Constitution of the University 
 should, as far as possible, conform to the type 
 adopted by the Universities of the Eastern 
 States, but with such amendments as will 
 bring it into full accord with modern and 
 liberal requirements. For the government 
 and regulation of the new University the Com- 
 mission recommends the scheme set out in the 
 draft bill herewith appended. 
 
 The answers from the American Universities, the 
 constitutions of the modern Universities which are being 
 spread over the United Kingdom, and lastly the con- 
 stitutions of the Universities of the Eastern States were 
 all taken into careful examination. The Commission 
 had no doubt as to the model which should be followed. 
 In combined simplicity, effectiveness, and closeness of 
 touch to ourselves, the Universities of Eastern Austraha 
 stand unexcelled. This is the type of University 
 which is recommended for adoption. In certain respects 
 where the present proposals differ from the pattern so 
 long established in the east, the Commission has adopted 
 for the governing and regulation of the new University 
 the model which is just entering upon its work in 
 Queensland, and which in many ways is the most liberal 
 and most in accord with modern requirements. In 
 adopting a double-chambered constitution the Comm s- 
 sion has followed the example of the older Australian 
 Universities. The primary Chamber- in the draft Bill 
 called the Senate— is like these invested with the execu- 
 tive power and right of initiating legislation, while the 
 secondary Chamber- designated Convocation- forms an 
 electoral constituency for the majority of the members 
 
IS 
 
 of the Senate, and at the same time a Chamber of 
 review for the proposed legislation of the latter. It is 
 suggested that the Senate should consist of 18 member's, 
 one-third to be elected by the State, and two tJiirds by 
 
 'Convocation. A large element of Government nominee." 
 was thought to be fair as well as desirable, but a largrr 
 proportion than one-third it is conceived would tend to 
 lend a political complexion to the Chamber. In addi 
 tion to the ordinary members of the Senate, the Vice- 
 Chancellor is given a seat and voice but no vote, it bein < 
 felt that his presence might be in a high degree useful 
 but tliat as the executive servant of the Senate it would 
 
 'oe a mistake to confuse relationships by giving him 
 voting power. 
 
 Convocation is chiefly fonned from the graduates of 
 the Western Australian and other Universities. But in 
 torming the constituents of this Chamber a new principle 
 was adopted, borrowed from Queensland. In addition 
 to those who have had University and academic experi- 
 ence, it is enacted that commercial, industrial, scientific, 
 or educational societies, institutions, or associations, 
 within the State. which have a^ least fifty 
 bona-fide members, shall be entitled to send each 'i 
 representative to Convocation. It is further provido I 
 that these bodies, to entitle them to representation, 
 must make an annual contribution to the University of 
 not less tiian £10, and shall have made this contribution 
 for two .vears immediately preceding. These provisions 
 were introduced in order to secure Convocation againsi 
 abuses, w-hich would be injurious to the work- 
 ing of the University. It is also provided that 
 any person who contributes at least £lOO to the Uni- 
 • versity shall be a member of Convocation. Il 
 is hoped by these provisions that the interest of these 
 societies and institutions, as well as of men of means, 
 will be secured on behalf of the work of the new body. 
 •It is also enacted that the undergraduates may form 
 a Guild, and this Guild, which should practically 
 include the whole body of undergraduates, shall 
 be entitled to appoint a representative to the secondary 
 Chamber. 
 
 EQUALITY OF SEXES. 
 No. 3. That in all respects the members of both 
 sexes shall enjoy equal facilities, rights, and 
 privileges. 
 The Commission sees no reason for establishing any 
 distinction whatever between the two sexes, either as 
 regards education or the administration of the Uni- 
 versity. For this reason, not only has it interposed no 
 obstacle to both sexes enjoying the full educational 
 privileges of the University, but women are permitted, 
 if occasion should call upon them, to take part in the 
 labours of both Senate and Convocation. 
 
 FEES. 
 No. 4. Your Commission favours the view that 
 teaching in the University should be free, and 
 suggests that, if fees are found to be neces- 
 sary, they should be on the lowest possible 
 scale. 
 The whole question of demanding or of not demand- 
 ing fees for teaching is one of no little difficulty, and 
 in making this recommendation your Commission feels 
 that the matter is one that deals with so important a 
 principle and so closely affects the finances of the Uni- 
 versity and the annual amount that would be required 
 from the Government for upkeep, that the settlement 
 of it ought rather to be left to Parliament. 
 
 Your Commission desires therefore to state the case 
 from both sides, that Parliament may be supplied with 
 the facts necessary for arriving at a decision. 
 
 The main object of the establishment of a University 
 in the State is to raise the standard of education and 
 
 knowledge, and not merely to turn out every year a 
 number of scholars and experts in Literature, Science, 
 Art, or Technology. If the influence of the University 
 is to be far reaching and effective for good it should 
 attract as many students as possible. To attract these 
 students we require good teachers and good apparatus, 
 and, above all, that the University shall be of suoh a. 
 character that its degrees will bring honour to those 
 who win them. 
 
 All this cannot be obtained without money, and fees 
 help to provide the requisite funds. On the other 
 hand, fees may have the effect of keeping out of the 
 classes young men and women of intelligence and ambi- 
 tion who would benefit the State if they could utilise 
 the opportunities for study which a University affords. 
 It is in order to help this class, a large one in the com- 
 munity, who are unable through lack of means to forego 
 the chance of earning money to , support themselves 
 'luring the years they would like to devote to study, 
 that the Commission favours the idea of free teaching, 
 if the funds of the University permit its being given. 
 
 On the other hand it is a well known tiuth that what 
 costs nothing is often valued at that rate and is not 
 sought after. 
 
 But again as regards America, the Director of Edu- 
 cation in N.S.W. in a Report on Education in America, 
 says : '' In America. . . the State Universities charge 
 no tuition fees. A free University is considered essen- 
 tial in a democracy." 
 
 If, unfortunately, the revenues at the disposal of 
 the State should prevent the recommendation of the 
 Commission in favour of free instruction from being 
 carried out, then it is suggested that the fees should 
 be fixed at as low a figure as possible, and some provi- 
 sion made so that those who are unable to pay even 
 a small amount shall not for that reason only bi 
 debarred from the privilege of continuing their studies. 
 
 In advocating free teaching, your Commission 
 is of opinion that there are two phases of tiie 
 queslion that require particularly to be brought befoir 
 you. (a) The fact of fees not being charged would make 
 the financial burden of th'3 University upon the State 
 somewhat heavier. For the first two or three yeais 
 it is not expected that this would amount to much more 
 than £l,000, but it must be recognised that it will 
 repi'esent an ever-increasing sum, and in a few year;- 
 wouTd probably reach many times that amount. (b) Jn 
 the next place it would serve to direct attention to the 
 fact that the ideal coriilition is free education from th.= 
 primary school to th3 University, and would in all 
 probability be the means of creating a demand that 
 teaching in all Continuation Schools, Techncal School •, 
 and Schools of Mines should also be free. In the 
 year 1909 these fees, according to a return supplied by 
 the Director of Technical Education, amounted to 
 £3,840, and it is estimated that for 1910 they will reacli 
 nearly £5,000. While expressing itself, therefore, 'n 
 favour of a free University, your Commission feels that 
 it is compelled to draw attention to the far-reaching 
 results that may follow this suggestion being carried 
 into effect. 
 
 All this concerns only the State's relation to the 
 question. Its probable operation on the non-State 
 Secondary Schools, while of the utmost importance fo 
 the work and even existence of these institutions, lies 
 outside the scope of the labours of your Commission. 
 
 FACULTIES. 
 
 No. 6. That Faculties be foimed in Aits, Science 
 (pure and applied), Law, and perhap-.. Music 
 and at a later stage in Medicine and Surgery. 
 That in the division of Applied Science 
 
Ki 
 
 courses of study in Agriculture, Mining, and 
 Engineering shoxdd, in the oi>inion of your 
 Commission, be undertaken at tlie outset, and, 
 whilst it may not be possible for some time 
 to provide for a full course in Medicine, early 
 arrangements should be made for diplomas in 
 Dentistry and Veterinary Science. 
 
 Your Commission considers that details of subjects 
 may properly be left to the Senate to aiTange by Statute, 
 but urges that instruction should be given at once or 
 in tKe near future, in as many of the subjects set out 
 below as may be found practicable : — 
 
 Agriculture, Architecture, Astronomy, Biology, 
 Botany, Chemistry, Commerce, Dentistry, Edu- 
 cation, P21ectricity and Electrical Engineering, 
 Engineering, Fine Arts, Forestry, Geology and 
 Palaeontology, Greek, History, Latin, Law, 
 Logic, Mathematics, Medicine and Surgery, 
 Mental and Moral Philosophy, Mineralogy, 
 Mining and Metallurgy, Modern Languages 
 and Literature, Music. Pharmacy, Physics, 
 Political Economy, Political Science, Sociol- 
 ogy, Technical Arts, Veterinary Science, and 
 such others as tTie Senate may determine. 
 
 Your Commission suggests that at the establishment 
 of the University four Professors should be appointed, 
 in addition to the Chair of Agriculture which Dr. 
 Hackett has undertaken to endow, and recommends that 
 these should be : — 
 
 Professor of Modem Literature and History. 
 Professor of Mathematics and Physics. 
 Professor of Chemistry. 
 Professor of Engineering and Mining. 
 
 In the opinion of your Commission certain Lecture 
 ships will also be required, in addition to the Professor- 
 ships suggested. Your Commission considers that, in 
 Classics, a Lectureship will at the outset be sufficient for 
 the needs of the State. At first it may not be possible to 
 cope with all the subjects mentionud, but in the early 
 stages of the University these subjects may to a large 
 extent be brought together into groups, with a Lecturer 
 for each group. In this way economy may be secured, 
 and at the same time a wide scope given to the work 
 of the Institution. The number of T>ecturers will depend 
 very much upon the amount of funds at the disposal of 
 the Senate, but in the opinion of your Commission there 
 would need to be at least five of them establisl ed from 
 the beginning. This question needs great c( nsidera- 
 tion before it is dealt with, as it must be, by Ui liversity 
 Statute, and must be subject to suggestions aro advice 
 obtained at a later stage. 
 
 INCOME AND EXPENDITURE. 
 
 No. 6. That Parliament be asked to provide the 
 sum of £10,0(X) annually for the purposes of 
 the University, and an additional £2,000 for 
 the purpose of providing Scholarships and 
 Exhibitions, but that if it is decided that the 
 teaching in the University shall be free, then 
 that Parliament be asked to increase the 
 annual grant to an extent sufficient to cover 
 the estimated loss that would accrue through 
 fees not being charged. 
 
 In making this recommendation, your Commission 
 feels that it is necessary to give some estimate of the 
 probable annual income and expenditure in order to 
 show how the recommendation has been arrived at. The 
 figures, while based upon such information as your 
 Commission has been able to secure, must necessarily 
 be approximate, and in a large measure conjectural. 
 
 INCOME. 
 
 Tho> income of the LTniversity for some time after 
 cslablishnjcnt will, oi course, depend almost wholly 
 upon the grant made by Parliament. The Endowment 
 lands cannot be expected to return large revenues for 
 many years, and jjrivate contriVnitions to the funds will 
 be a matter of very gradral growth. Certain revenue 
 may be secured from class fees, if these are to be charged, 
 l)ut your Commission does not consider that this would 
 average more than £1,000 a year during the early years 
 of the LIniversity's existence. For the purpose of form- 
 ing an estimate fees have been taken into consideration, 
 it being understood that if Parliament decides in favour 
 of a free University that decision should involve an 
 increase in tlie grant. 
 
 Your Commission therefore estimates the initial 
 revenue to be, approximately, as under:- 
 Parliamentary Grant for general purposes ... £10,000* 
 
 Parliamentary Grant for Scholarships 2,000* 
 
 Class Fees from students 1,000 
 
 Income from Endowment Trust 450 
 
 Degrees ad eundem. Fees for 100 
 
 Contributions from Societies, Associations, 
 
 and Institutions 100 
 
 Total £13,6.50 
 
 * Note. — In Queensland the amounts granted are: — 
 
 Parliamentary Grant for general purposes... £10,000 
 Parliamentary Grant for Scholarships 3,500 
 
 and, in addition, the sum of £,50,(X10 was voted for initial 
 
 expenditure. 
 
 EXPENDITURE. 
 
 In estimating the expenditure, the question of the 
 administrative staff needs to be considered. Your Com- 
 mission is of opinion that the following officers would be 
 necessary at the commencement, and suggests the 
 salaries set opposite to them : — 
 
 Vice-Chancellor £800 
 
 Secretary and Accountant 300 
 
 Clerk 180 
 
 Library Assistant 130 
 
 Porter 156 
 
 Messenger 60 
 
 Total £1,676 
 
 As regards the teaching staff, in addition to the 
 Professors and Lecturers, Demonstrators and Attendants 
 woidd be required for laboratory work in Science and 
 Technology, and your Commission therefore suggests t'le 
 following teaching staff, with the salaries set down : — 
 
 4 Professors at £800 £3,200 
 
 5 Lecturers at £i(To to £600 2,200 
 
 3 Demonstrators at £200 600 
 
 3 Ijiiboratory Attendants at £l50 450 
 
 Total ... £6,450 
 
 The total annual cost of the University would •i'erc- 
 fore, in the opinion of yom- Commission, be, approxi 
 mately, as under : — 
 
 £ 
 
 Administrative staff (as above) 1,676 
 
 Teaching staff (as above) 6.450 
 
 Scholarships, Exhibitions, and Prizes (some 
 
 tenable for three years) 2,000 
 
 Rent 750 
 
 Books 750 
 
 f>aboratory appliances and material 750 
 
 Services- Lighting, fuel, water, etc 500 
 
 Incidentals— Examination expenses, printing, 
 stationery, advertising, and unforeseen 
 expenses 1,000 
 
 Total cost 13,876 
 
17 
 
 In connection with these estimates the following 
 points are to be noted : — 
 
 (a) The Chair of Agriculture has not been taken 
 into account in estimating either revenue or 
 sxpenditure. 
 
 (b) In the amount of £2,000 for scholarships is in- 
 
 cluded the sum of £900 at present expended 
 by the Education Department on University 
 Exhibitions, apart from the Rhodes Scholar- 
 ship. 
 
 The sum set down may at first sight seem large, 
 but to show how great a part the question of 
 scholarships plays in Tniversity development, 
 your Commission would point to the evidence 
 of Professor N<aylor, who stated that from 40 
 to. 50 per cent, of the students in his classes 
 held solinlarships or bursaries. 
 
 INITIAL COST. 
 
 This would be determined largely upon the policy 
 of the Government with regard to buildings. 
 
 Even, however, if no permanent buildings should be 
 erected at the outset, it would still be necessary to 
 provide fittings and furniture, to equip laboratories, to 
 procure scientific and technical appliances, and to estab- 
 lish the nucleus of a University Library — all of which 
 would be required at the very commencement of opera- 
 tions. 
 
 BUILDINGS. 
 
 The Commission is not prepared to make a definite 
 recommendation as to its housing. For the present, it 
 is clear. Professors, Lecturers, Examiners, and Students 
 will have to be content with temporarj' and provisional 
 amngemenls, but the allocation of a site and the com- 
 mencement of permanent buildings cannot be too early 
 arranged. A building of the size of the Technical 
 School, in St. George's Terrace, or the Continuation 
 School, in Thomas Street, ought to be sufficient for the 
 earlier stages. Three sites have been suggested to the 
 Commission --Government House, Parliament Buildings, 
 and a site near the Subiaco railway station. Of these, 
 the building ground at Government House, even if it 
 were procurable, is altogether too limited in extent. 
 A narrow strip of clay bank is all that would be avail- 
 able for the University buildings, while the site could 
 only be extended by making use of the swampy and 
 unhealthy flats that extend along the foreshore of the 
 river. As regards the Parliament House site, the pro- 
 posal to utilise it for University purposes only becomes 
 practicable if it should be decided that the cost of com- 
 pleting the Parliament House, and the size of the 
 building would be beyond the means and needs of this 
 State as years go on. The advantages offered bv 
 this site are as obvious as they are numerous and im- 
 portant. If, indeed, within a measurable time a strong 
 likelihood were to arise of a smaller Parliament House 
 being built nearer the centre of the city, the present 
 building could be used with so much advantage for Uni 
 versity purposes that the question of the dedication of 
 this fine and, from the students' point of view, most 
 convenient site, might well be entertained. If this be 
 ruled out as impracticable, the site the Commission is 
 disposed to recommend would be one in close proximitj' 
 to the railway station at Subiaco. One great recom- 
 mendation of this site is that the full amount of land 
 required for the objects of a University, say, 80 to 100 
 acres, could be readily secured. The greatest objec- 
 tion to the Parliament House site is that the area 
 does not exceed 1.3 acres. In this case the remainder 
 
 of the land required for the University as it 
 expands would have to be found elsewhere. The 
 site at Subiaco has many claims to consideration. 
 Not only is a sufficient extent of land available in one 
 block, but the ground is fairly level. It is easily ac- 
 cessible by rail or tram, and those student residents 
 at Fremantle and in the suburbs lying between Fremantle 
 and Perth would be fully accommodated. It is probable 
 Lliat arrangements could be made for reduced fares to 
 University students throughout the State. 
 
 GENERAL. 
 
 .A." regards conditions of appointment and tenure of 
 office of Professors and other officers of the University, 
 your Commission considers that matters of such char- 
 acter may more properly be left to the Senate, when con- 
 stituted, and that not!iing ought to be done at present 
 that would appear to restrict the field of choice or in 
 any way tie the hands of that body. It may be men- 
 tioned here once more that all Statutes of the Senate 
 are subject to the approval of the Governor in Council. 
 
 The Commission recommends that arrangements 
 he made for evening classes in addition to the usual 
 day lectures, so that students precluded from attending 
 lectures in the day time may by this means be enabled 
 to secure the advantages of the University. 
 
 And further, that steps be taken as soon as prac- 
 ticable after the establishment of the University to 
 extend its privileges to those who, by reason of distance 
 or other difficulties, are unable to attend any course of 
 lectures at the University itself. 
 
 CONCLUSION. 
 
 Your Commission desires to record its sense of the 
 work done by the Hon. Secretary, Mr. Battye, to whose 
 willing industry, coupled with his special means of 
 obtaining infonnation, the Commissioners and the report 
 are alike much indebted. 
 
 The thanks of your Commission are also due to 
 those Universities which sent replies to the enquiries 
 addressed to them. Especially does the Commission 
 feel obliged for the ample and interesting information 
 furnished by the Universities of Wisconsin and Cornell. 
 The knowledge and advice of these bodies must prove 
 of much advantage once the Western Australian Uni- 
 versity begins to move in its career. Grateful mention 
 should be made of the services of Professor Stanley 
 Gardiner, as well as of those gentlemen who gave us 
 in person the benefits of their judgment and experience. 
 
 In concluding this report of its work and recom- 
 mendations, your Commission desires to once more 
 emphasise its earnest hope that the result of its labours 
 may be the early establishment of a people's University 
 for the western third of the Commonwealth. We need, 
 no country needs it more, a home of higher learning 
 and instruction which shall respond, so far as its means 
 permit, to the calls of a million square miles of Austra- 
 lian soil. Is it not time to wipe away a reproach 
 which among the progressive self-governing possessions 
 of the Empire can now be levelled at Western Australia 
 alone 1 Your Commission wishes that the gap be closed 
 which divides us in this respect from the rest of the 
 Commonwealth, and the noble primary system of free 
 education we already enjoy extended and perfected, 
 so that our children may be able to gather at will the 
 fruits which grow on the upper branches of the Tree 
 of Knowledge. We cannot aiiford to throw away the 
 opportunity now at our doors which should permit us 
 to develop by the same instrument alike the resources 
 of the State and the faculties of its people. 
 
18 
 
 All the foregoing matters we have the honour to 
 submit for Your Excellency's consideration. 
 
 Given under our hands and seals this 8th day of 
 Septem'ber, 1910. 
 
 J. W.HACKETT. 
 C.O.L., PERTH. 
 CECIL ANDREWS. 
 WALTER JAMES. 
 HENRY BRIGGS. 
 THOMAS H. BATH. 
 F. B. ALLEN. 
 W. ERNEST COOKE. 
 ATHEL. J. H. SAW. 
 JAMES WALTER SMITH. 
 
 Cominlissioners. 
 
 JAS. S. BATTYE, 
 
 Hon. Secretary. 
 
 ADDENDUM. 
 
 On the motion of the Rt. Rev. Dr. Riley, Bishop 
 
 of Perth, the following resolution was agreed to, and 
 
 ordered to be inserted at the conclusion of the Report: - 
 
 "That the thanks of the Commission be hereby 
 
 given to the Chairman, Dr. Hackett, for his 
 
 splendid example and citizenship in offering 
 
 to provide an endowment for a Chair of 
 
 Agriculture." 
 
 C.O.L., PERTH. 
 CECIL ANDREWS. 
 WALTER JAMBS. 
 HENRY BRIGGS. 
 THOMAS H. BATH. 
 F. B. ALLEN. 
 W. ERNEST COOKE. 
 ATHEL. J. H. SAW. 
 JAMES WALTER SMITH. 
 
 Commissioners. 
 
ig 
 
 APPENDIX I. 
 
 University Commission Examination of Professor McCallum, of Sydney. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN . 1 may congratulate myself on 
 being back amongst you once more. The object of this 
 cutlieinng, I take it, is for the purpose of examining Dr. 
 McCalhim, who has been good enough to come hero and 
 give us the information we desire. I want to call your 
 attention to the fact that you authorised me, during 
 this recent trip of mine to England, to investigate as far 
 as i could the Constitution and system generally of tlie 
 I'niversities in England, especially the newer ones, those 
 tliat we hope to take as a type for our own example. 1 
 am sorry to say that I was seized with an attack of 
 gout, and, moreover, my time was so fully occu- 
 pied that but little opportunity was left me to 
 make the inquiries you desired. I was able, however, 
 to make myself personally acquainted with a good deal 
 of what goes on at She£aeld, Manchester, and Belfast, 
 which are three very fair examples of modern Universi- 
 ties. Unfortunately I was not able to go to Birming- 
 ham, having made anangements which occupied my time 
 in another way. But I hope, if you will allow me, to 
 put the results of my inquiries in the shape of a report 
 ' I have not had time to prepare it for this meeting, 
 but I shall do so at an early date. I think we should now 
 take steps to drive the machine ahead and keep it moving 
 until we reach our end, whatever that end may be, for- 
 tunate or unfortunate. I understand that an arrange- 
 ment was made for digesting certain reports and docu- 
 ments that we have received from various universities, 
 and which were distributed. Already two of these hav" 
 been returned. 
 
 Tiie Right Rev. BISHOP RILEY: Mine will be 
 available as soon as it is wanted. On the occasion of 
 my recent visit to England I went through Birmingham, 
 Liverpool and Manchester universities, so I know some- 
 thing about them. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN: I heard of you at Manchester. I 
 could not get to Liverpool, much as I wanted to go. 
 As soon as these documents are received I think tho 
 Commission might be called together, and then I fancy 
 we will be able to make good progress. Mr. McCalluui 
 has been good enough to come here this afternoon to help 
 us on with the object we have in view, by giving what 
 information he may think of value with reference to the 
 Sydney University. 
 
 Dr. McCALLUM : I do not much like making a 
 statement because my information about the circum- 
 stances of Western Australia is necessarily so extremely 
 superficial. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : Perhaps, Doctor, if you will com 
 mence with the genesis of the Sydney University you 
 might then tell us how it started, how it developed, and 
 what you think of the Constitution and of the amend- 
 ments they have made, and what amendments you think 
 would be advisable in our case. 
 
 DR. McCALLUM: With regard to the Sydney 
 University I think the information is of some import- 
 ance to you. You are aware that the Bill for the 
 establishment of the University was introduced in 1849 
 by Wentworth, and at that time the populntion of New 
 South Wales, inclusive of Port Phillip District, was 
 236,000 ; exclusive of the Port Phillip D's'.rict— and I 
 tliink we have a right to exclude that— it was only 187,000. 
 
 When the University was actually begun in 1851 the 
 population of New South Wales was 199,000, that is a 
 smaller population than you have now. I think at the 
 end of 1907 your population was 261,000, and now is 
 271,000. Now you have a considerably greater popula- 
 tion than New South Wales had when it made a start, 
 and then, of course, it is almost impossible to compare 
 revenues ; still, the discrepancy is great. When thit 
 Bill was introduced in 1849 New South Wales had a 
 revenue of £375,000, that was all. When the University 
 was started it was £506,000, that was in 1S.51; at the 
 present time Western Australia has a revenue of 
 £3,376,000. I know your expenditure is far more than 
 the expenditure of New South Wales was at that time ; 
 still, making allowances, the moral seems to be that 
 there is no reason why you should not begin as we 
 began. Admitting your greater expenditure, the fact 
 remains you have rather more than eight times the 
 revenue which New South Wales had when it began. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : You do not remember th« 
 figures published in respect to Victoria and South Aus- 
 tralia. I believe they are even more favourable to us? 
 —No, I had them once and I tried to look them up for 
 you, but was not able to do so ; but I fancy that so far 
 as Victoria is concerned the results were somewhat 
 similar, while South Australia is more in your favour. 
 If I may be allowed to say so, I should rather recommend 
 your beginning at once on a somewhat larger scale than 
 prevails in Tasmania. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN: In respect to the curriculum or 
 the Constitution? — I am speaking of a University basis 
 as such. Tasmania began in too small a way, and the 
 fact has always been prejudicial to it since. To my 
 mind it ought either to have begun with a somewhat 
 bigger vote or else to have waited until it got a bigger 
 vote. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN: What was the vote, £4,000?— 
 It was £3,000, I think. The vote with which we began 
 in New South Wales was £5,000, and I do not see 
 myself how you are to have a satisfactory University 
 with less than that amount. I should have thought 
 that just precisely at the start an extra £1,000 would 
 make all the difference in the world. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : Do you remember what Queens- 
 land proposes?— I do not think that is by any means 
 settled yet. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN: Perhaps not, but the Bill 
 brought forward by the Government suggesci £10,000. 
 
 The Rt. Rev. BISHOP RILEY: What do they 
 get for their £5,000? — Three professorships and some 
 lectureships. I am afraid I cannot say how many 
 lectureships, but the three professorships are classics, 
 mathematics, and physics and chemistry. I myself, for 
 mrious reasons which I am ready to give when asked 
 for, would recommend this. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN: Why?— For one thing, the 
 grrat difference m the condition of things now as com- 
 pared with 1851. At that time Australia was, in a 
 sense, much further from the old country, and the 
 people at Home knew less about it, and it had less of 
 a recognised position. That is to say, in those days, 
 when gentlemen were asked to como out her? to the 
 
so 
 
 Colonies, they were practically asked to expatriate 
 themselves, and not only to break a number of very 
 binding ties, but to give up entirely, or in part, some 
 of the prospects they may have had of pushing their 
 original work ; they had to devote themselves merely 
 to teaching, and, as they anticipated, teaching of an 
 extremely elementary kind. Things are very different 
 now. Australia is nearer Home, more is known about 
 Australia, and it is recognised far more than it used 
 to be, even when I came out, as a desirable place in 
 which to live. The result of this is that nowadays 
 you can look forward to getting at a lower figure men 
 as good as those who used to come out. There is 
 another thing. In Australia itself, and in New Zealand, 
 there are various persons who in various ways are 
 highly eligible for professorships. They are men who 
 have taken very high honours in Universities at Home ; 
 they are attached to the different Universities and col- 
 leges, they are either Australian-bom or British-bom ; 
 they are to be had out here, and have not to be bribed 
 to come out, because they are more or less already at 
 home in Australia. I could give you various examples 
 of Chairs occupied in Australia, and occupied with great 
 credit by men who are already on the spot. I must 
 mention one instance familiar to you all, namely that of 
 Professor Naylor of Adelaide. He was attached as 
 tutor to Trinity College, Melbourne, and was called to 
 the Adelaide Chair. From what I have heard on all 
 sides, from University men in Melbourne and, in par- 
 ticular, from Professor Tucker, it would be hard to get 
 a bett^ir professor than is Professor Naylor. So, on the 
 one hand, it is easier to get men to come out from Home, 
 and on the other it is easier to get candidates highly 
 suitable and who are already in Australia. For these 
 two reasons — I am speaking now somewhat as a black- 
 leg — 1 do not think it necessary to offer such high 
 salaries .as had to be offered fifty years ago, or even 
 twenty years ago. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN: What do you think the range 
 of salaries ought to approximate 1 — There is an old pro- 
 verb about cutting your coat according to your cloth. 
 In tlie first place you ought to decide what professor- 
 ships are essential, and, having settled in your minds 
 what professorships cannot be dispensed with, then 
 you should certainly offer salaries as high as your funds 
 will permit of. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : You may look upon Western 
 Australia as New South Wales in petto ; we are 
 merely a smaller New South Wales with fewer people 
 and less money. That being so, what would you sug- 
 gest — first as to the professorships, and secondly, as to 
 the remuneration? — Well, I should say myself that the 
 nucleus of any University in Australia at least ought to 
 be composed of a certain number of professorships in 
 arts and science — arts and pure science. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN: Two faculties ?— Not neces- 
 sarily ; that is merely a detail whether two or one. But 
 whether two or one, there are certain Chairs that are 
 generally joined to the Faculty of Arts, and certain 
 others to the Faculty of Science. You ought to have 
 as good a centre as possible, in view of any future Uni- 
 versity activity in the way of professional and technical 
 schools. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : Would you name those pro- 
 fessorships 1— That would be difficult indeed, because I 
 think that the order in which they come depends very 
 much upon local conditions ; at the same time, I have 
 drawn up a list which I have here, and which I give 
 for what it is worth. I would not attach much im- 
 portance to it mysslf, nor would 1 expect you to do so. 
 But 1 certainly think that in the Faculty of Arts there 
 are two subjects that must always be represented from 
 
 the very outset here in this country. One of these is 
 classics, and the other English Literature. If you are 
 hampered by funds, I do not say you should have a 
 Professor of both. I think you might very well have 
 say, a Professor of Classics and a Lecturer in English, 
 or you might have, though I do not recommend this so 
 strongly, a Professor of English and a Lecturer in 
 Classics. From my own point of view, I most vigor- 
 ously advocate the form of a Professor of Classics if you 
 cannot afford to have both professors. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : Would you associate modert 
 languages with the English Professor? — No, I would not. 
 From my own experience I would not even suggest a 
 professor in modern literature, and certainly would not 
 suggest a lectureship in modern literature. It is very 
 unusual indeed to find a man capable in regard to 
 formulating elementary instruction to preside over Eng- 
 lish and French and German — the knowledge and the 
 aptitude in the man vary greatly. I may say you will 
 find many a man who has gone in for German and Eng- 
 lish, and others who have gone in for French and Eng- 
 lish, while others have gone in for all three ; but the 
 man who does best in French wiD not be the man who 
 achieves the best results in German. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN: But to fill up the Faculty?— 
 Have at the minimum a professor of Classics and a 
 lecturer in English Literature. I think, though I speak 
 with great hesitation, I think in this State it would be 
 highly advisable to have a lecturer in Philosophy as 
 facing towards education ; because, I suppose a good 
 number of your students, taking the arts curriculum, 
 will be the future teachers of this State ; and they want, 
 in the first place, something of the theory and history 
 of education, and to assimilate these properly they want 
 something of a philosophical paving of the way. So 
 I should say have a lecturer in Philosophy and Educa- 
 tion. I am always putting it at the minimum, you 
 understand. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN: Would you have any other 
 subject taught by that professor? — No, I would not. It 
 is a great pity to be a jack of all trades. In New South 
 Wales we all have to be jacks of all trades, more or 
 less ; but do not make it incumbent from the outset ; 
 that will come soon enough. And the man who 
 has laid himself out for philosophy — especially in 
 its educational aspect — will have quite enough 
 to do. I do not know any other subject that 
 would fall in with it to that extent. I should certainlj 
 choose him with reference to his ability and training 
 in the matter of education. Before leaving the Facultj 
 of Arts I would say that, still in consideration of what 
 seems to me probable, namely, that a number of youi 
 art students will be the future teachers of the State, i) 
 would be highly desirable to have a lectureship or 
 History. 
 
 In addition ? — Yes. History is more and more be 
 coming one of the stock subjects in school courses, anc 
 I think it is of enormous importance to Australia. Hen 
 we are so very apt to believe that the world began whei 
 Cook discovered Australia. 
 
 No doubt since you suggested it is well to give mon 
 attention to the Australian history than would be givei 
 to it in England? — No doubt. 
 
 DR. SAW : Would you suggest a lectureship ii 
 Modem Languages ?— I certainly think it is advisable 
 At any rate I think you might at the start very wel 
 combine French and German. You find nowaday 
 that a great number of men have studied the language 
 thoroughly, both colloquially and scientifically, in Franc 
 and Germany, and I do not think you would have an 
 difficulty in getting a first-rate lecturer in both Frenc 
 
21 
 
 and Gei-naan. You should not gel nativee. If yoii 
 wanted to get a French lecturer in French or a German 
 lecturer in German of course you would need to ha*e 
 'two different lectureships, and if you wanted Univeisity 
 men- and I think that is essential- you would have to 
 pay them a good salary to get them out. But if you 
 were willing to take an English subject with a really 
 sound and colloqu.^il knowledge of both those languages 
 and of a University course it would be well. 
 
 The CHAlRlMAN: You consider that with th;- 
 Chairs and lecturer you suggest the Art Faculty would 
 be fairly furnished !-- I think so. 
 
 Then c(jming to science !- There is an intermediate 
 subject generally reckoned with both faculties. You 
 
 "are bound lo have a professoiship of Mathematics. 
 
 Thai IS the first, and then the next l- Then there are 
 three scientific subjects in which it seems to me very 
 important you should have professorships. One of 
 them, of course, is Chemistry, and the Professor of 
 Chemistry would need to have a demonstrator, but I 
 tlunk you might veiy well, at the outset when the 
 classes are small and the laboratory practise not ex 
 cessive, satisfy him and all the needs with a junior 
 demonstrator. Then 1 think the next scientific subject 
 aciM)rding to my ideas of importance, would be the 
 Biology and Botany, and there again you would prob 
 ably need to have a junior demonstrator to assist the 
 professor. 
 
 A professor and a demonstrator I -Yes, I think, fur- 
 
 . ther, that on the whole though this peihaps is not 
 essential— it is highly desirable you should have a Pro 
 lessor of Physics. Why, I say it is not so essential it 
 that it is possible that if you have a professor of Mathe- 
 
 .niatics with a lecturer who took up the applied depart- 
 ments of mathematics you might dispense with a pro 
 lessor of Physics at the outset, but at the same time 
 there is such a large field of physics that comes in, an'1 
 mathematics is more experimental altogether, 1 sho.ld 
 say that the Chair of Physics should rank of almost equal 
 importiince to those other Chairs. 
 
 Would that be sufficient for your applied science ! 
 For the pure science ; because when you come to the 
 applications of science you are already getting to the 
 professional schools to some extent ; but with such n 
 list of professors and lecturers you would have, it seems 
 to me, a University thoroughly efficient so far as it 
 went ; you would have no serious gap at first, and you 
 would only have to add on to the building as you went 
 on. 
 
 Before we go to some practical subjects would you 
 mention what you think would be a fair remunerafon 
 for professorships and lectureships, acquainted as you 
 are with Australian conditions ?— I should like, if you 
 would allow me, to revise any statement I may make 
 to-day by consultation with the Chancellor and the 
 Registrar of our University who know much more about 
 the financial aspect of a University than I do. The 
 suggestions I am making to-day are extremely rough 
 and ready. They are, to some extent, based on what 
 I have heard and on what I cannot say has been accur- 
 ately told to me of the usage of some of the other Uni 
 versities. So I need hardly say that I want anything 
 1 say to-day to be taken with extreme caution, not only 
 on your own account, but on mine, because I do not 
 want to hazard rash remarks. 
 
 Certainly ? — I think you ought to get very good men 
 for the professorships at a salary of £700 year. 
 
 Without a house ? — Yes ; and if you could see your 
 way to offer them some sort of increment as years go 
 by 80 much the better ; but if you cannot I think you 
 
 would find a large number of able and efficient men who 
 would be willing to accept £700 a year, and who, no 
 doubt, if the University throve, would be considered 
 afterwards. My reason for saying £700 is that' I know 
 the salaries range from £700 in some of the New Zea- 
 land University Colleges, and in Adelaide. I need 
 hardly remind you that in Adelaide they have had and 
 have some highly distinguished men. 
 
 What would you give a good lecturer?— Where a 
 lecturer was in a quasi independent position, as for in- 
 stance a lecturer in English literature or education would 
 be, I would say that a salary of £400 would attract as 
 good men as you could expect to get as lecturers. You 
 would find in many cases very young men would accept 
 that. You could not have them proven at that salary. 
 You would have to take your chance. You would have 
 to depend on the testimony of those who knew them 
 and were in a position to judge ; but that is what we 
 all do. May I tell you how it has been and how it is 
 now in the Sydney University, and you will see my 
 reasons for giving that figure 1 For many years we 
 appointed all our lecturers at a salary of £350, and we 
 have had very satisfactory results ; we have had no rea- 
 sons not to be pleased with the stamp of men we got ; 
 but recently the Senate, finding that these men did not 
 leave the University as it was anticipated they would 
 for other positions, but got so attached to the work that 
 they remained on at the University, adopted a different 
 system of appointing at an initial salary of £250 which 
 goes up by triennial increments to £500 for the lecture- 
 ships. 1 do not think in a new place like this, wheie 
 you are beginning and where you have not the stock of 
 your own more brilliant graduates to draw on, you could 
 afford to offer so small a salary as £250 at the start, but 
 I think you would probably get very good men at £400. 
 
 As it hinges on this question, would you give us your 
 views on the advantages or otherwise of using the Uni- 
 versity to teach practical subjects such as Commerce, in 
 which a degree is given as you know in England, also 
 Mining, Agriculture, and the like ?— I think it is most 
 advisable that the Colonial Universities should take up 
 these practical subjects. I am quite convinced that 
 they can be better managed by the University than im- 
 mediately by the State, and I do not see at all why all 
 these subjects should not be taught in such a way that 
 they have very liberal aspect in education. It seems 
 to me they are quite proper University subjects. In 
 most cases for them to be elevated to the I'ank of liberal 
 subjects they need a certain foundation of more purely 
 scientific subjects. Take, for example, a professional 
 subject that has for many years been recognised as a 
 University subject — the medical It is recognised in 
 medicine that there must be at least a certain scientific 
 foundation. A student must have in most universities 
 a preliminary year, in which he studies physics, chemistry 
 and biology ; while in the second and third years there 
 are physiology, anatomy, and other subjects needed in 
 coimection with his scientific discipline. It is only in 
 the fourth year of a medical student's career that he 
 comes definitely to the professional portions of his sub- 
 jects. Take engineering. A student in that branch 
 has to go through numerous subjects, such as mathe- 
 matics, physics, geology, etcetera, before coming to the 
 technical portions of the course. We are just takin<)! 
 agriculture. Our Chair is established by Parliament, 
 but not yet filled. 
 
 What are you giving him ? — The sum of £900 a year 
 with a retiring pension of £400 a year. We have begun 
 veterinary science in Sydney, and the professor is most 
 emphatic on this, that the subject remains simply em- 
 pirical, and that with it there must be taken a fairly 
 elaborate scientific course including anatomy, biology. 
 
22 
 
 chenlistry and physics. Although it is eminently desir- 
 able to attach to a Colonial University all these prac- 
 tically technical subjects, it is their duty to have them, 
 logically and chronologically, still they come later than 
 the purely theoretical subjects. 
 
 Rev. Bro. NUNAN : Is not £900 a wry 
 large salary ? — One of the reasons for the salary is that 
 the professor is a newcomer. We wished to steal Pro- 
 fessor Lowrie, your man, from you, but he thought he was 
 so bound to the Western Australian Government that he 
 did not even like to ask leave to resign. We tried 
 to bring pressure through our Premier, Mr. Wade, upon 
 your Premier, Mr. Moore, and although Mr. Wade did 
 his best, Mr. Moore did not see it. That is the better 
 for you. There vvas one man in Australia who would 
 have suited our purpose, but we could not get him. We 
 are offering the big salary as the Chair is a new one. 
 
 You spoke of £700 a year as a salary for a professor, 
 did you take into account the higher rate of living here 1 
 — I do not supposs I did. 
 
 Then he would require £800 here? — I do no"; know 
 what the higher rate of living here is. 
 
 It is a good deal higher ?~I based my calculations 
 on what obtains in such States as South Australia. I 
 think £700 gets a good man there. When I mentioneti 
 such a salary as £700 I did not for the moment mean tc 
 say it would not be better to give more if you could ; but 
 if you cannot then you will do well on that. 
 
 What period of appointment do you give the pro- 
 fessors 1 — In every case wc have made the appointment 
 
 for life. I am quite awaie of the objection sometimes 
 urged against that, but all the same I am convinced that 
 
 fixity of terais is far more likely to oret a good man than 
 a tenure of from five to eight years. 
 
 The CHAIKMAN : What is the period for lecture- 
 ships ? — They are supposed to be terminable on six 
 months' notice on either side. As a matter of fact in 
 my experience I do not know of a single case where a 
 lectureship has ever been terminated at the wish of the 
 University. Many lecturers have gone, being promoted 
 either by being appointed to other Universities or to 
 the Government service. 
 
 Mr. ALLEN: Do you think the jirofessors should 
 have the right of private practice 'I — A distinction has to 
 be made between the different schools and subjects. In 
 Sydney we have a rul? that no professor can engage in 
 any remunerative work except with the permission of 
 the Un'versity. It may happen that the Professor of 
 Engineering is asked by the Government to give a re- 
 port on some work. Hs is paid for it, but he cannot do 
 it without the permission of the University. On the 
 other hand, the lecturers in professional subjects general 
 ly have the right of private practice. Medical lecturers 
 in surgery and the like are mostly practising doctors; 
 that is a great advantage. A subject like that one 
 needs to be constantly engaged at in order to ))ccome au 
 fait with the facts. 
 
 Do you consider that, wherever possible, it is a dis- 
 tinct advantage to the professor to have the right of 
 private practice 1— No, it seems to me that as a rule 
 the professor should give h's whole time to the Uni 
 versity. In most of the subjects, so far as we hare 
 'ot hitherto, the fact that he is excluded from private 
 practice does not militate against his eflPicient teachina;. 
 Our Professor of Law is not allowed to practise as a bar 
 rister, hut he deals with Jurispnulence and Roman Law, 
 so that the fact that he is not in the Courts is no dis- 
 a I vantage. 
 
 Tie Ri-ht Rev. BISHOP RILEY: To look at 
 thr; question from our local point of view. It seems to 
 me we want to have a University or a scheme which vfill 
 
 appeal to the people here, or we Bhall not get the money. 
 The future of the country depends on certain industries, 
 including agriculture and mining. As far as law is con- 
 cerned, we shall have a certain number of students, 
 tliere will be a large number in the teaching profession, 
 and others who want general culture. We may, I 
 think, leave medicine entirely out for the present, also 
 commerce, as we have no commerce here at present. 
 We want the usual subjects for general culture. It is 
 necessary, however, that special attention should be 
 paid to mining and agriculture. Of course you know 
 that mining is absolutely scientific here. The men who 
 first came here knew nothing about the science of min 
 ing, but now it is very different. Agriculture also must 
 be scientific in order to pay. There are sure to be a 
 large number of students in both these subjects, and a" 
 large number of law students and those needing generaJ 
 culture. Does your division of the Chairs meet our 
 needs ? — Perhaps, although it does not in some ways. 
 
 1 admit yours is more scientific perhaps than ours, 
 but we want to meet the needs of the State 1 — So far as 
 the teaching profession is concerned my scheme probably 
 tloes meet your needs very well. 
 
 And general culture ? — Yes. Most of the subjects 
 described as pure art subjects are the ones the teachers 
 would be likely to take as being useful to them, either 
 in their own equipment, or afterwards when they have 
 to teach the elementary phases in school — classics, Eng- 
 lish literature, history, philosophy, and educational 
 science, will distinctly help them, so, too, mathematics. 
 More and more will there be a tendanoy to give some" 
 science in the schools, chemistry, physics, biology, and 
 botany will be taken. We find in Sydney that we have 
 a great many teachers as students. They are all dis- 
 posed to take up at least one science. For them and 
 for the general public my scheme would not be unsuii 
 able. As regards law, 1 do not know how it would be 
 here, but in Sydney we did not have a Chair of Law 
 until, 1 think, 1892. Most of the law students went 
 through the Arts course. That was a very good thing 
 for them. It gave them a certain amount of general 
 culture, their minds were awakened, and they gained a 
 certain width of outlook, but the professional subjects of 
 law till then were left for private study and reading. 
 Now, we have one professor and four lecturers, who are 
 barristers in practice, but take up the more professional 
 departments of law. _ I should have thought that pos- 
 sibly in Perth, I speak under correction, some such ar- 
 rangement might be made, which would not put you to 
 any excessive cost. Many banisters in practise are 
 quite willing to give, say, three hours a week for 00 
 weeks a year to teacii the more theoretical knowledge 
 of conveyancing and such things. 
 
 By Dr. SMiITH : What we suffer from is that most 
 of those who enter into articles are imperfectly educated 
 to start with, so that they are learning nothing really in 
 the best way, they are like donkeys turned out to grass, 
 they do not come suffic ently equipped with a knowledge 
 of general literature, h storical knowledge, etcetera, and 
 therefore fail to posses; a logical faculty ?~That is just 
 v.hat I should have expected. The same arrangement 
 exists now in Sydney as in the old days, although it has 
 been continued in p modified form, under which our 
 students, who have La'^on the Arts Degree, or have 
 taken two years in Arts . ere able to present tliemselvrp 
 fnr their law exp-^inations in a somewhat shorter period 
 than was othervvis; necessary. That is a point I am 
 not well fitted to ariuver questions on, but I should cer- 
 tainly have thought it imnortant ; that it is even more 
 important to get the funrlani'ntal sciences on scientific 
 agriculture a= -i basis. I am not saying that you do not 
 want chemistry and botany ; you must have them to be- 
 
23 
 
 gin with. A Chair of agriculture would be all very well, 
 but what chair or lectureship in the list I have proposed 
 would you substitute. At the same time it comes in as 
 an addition, and a highly important addition, but still it 
 comes in subsequent to those we have mentined. Just 
 consider what they are ; you cannot move the Literary 
 Chair in the University because of the school teachers ; 
 you cannot leave out the course of philosophy, nor the 
 course of history ; you cannot leave out mathematics, 
 chemistry, biology, botany or physics, so I should have 
 thought agriculture came in as less important, but still 
 as posterior to these others. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN: The same argument for both 
 agriculture and mining. 
 
 Dr. McCALLUM : That is perfectly true. 
 The CHAIRMAN : The two great subjects that are 
 keeping us goTng at the present time are agriculture and 
 mining, and we wish to get an indication from you whe- 
 ther it would not be posible to work those into a 
 University course without interfering with the others. 
 
 Dr. McCALLUM: I think it would be highly ad- 
 visable to include both agriculture and mining in the 
 list, and in connection with mming to have geology 
 also. That simply means a longer list and a bigger 
 grant. 1 do not see how you can have agriculture and 
 mining at the expense of those things I have mentioned. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : You would not sacrifice either 
 of the others? 
 
 Dr. McOALLUM : I cannot see how it would be ad- 
 visable to do it. Supposing you cut out Literary, you 
 would have a University which would be merely a 
 glorified technical school, and there would be two great 
 disadvantages. One would be that your teachers who, 
 after all, are the persons who are training the future 
 race would not be catered for. Then you would not have 
 the general enlightenment of the community looked after. 
 I do not want to indulge in common-places about lit- 
 terae humaniores, but the fact remains that subjects 
 like literature, philosophy, and history, give support, a 
 nimbleness and a certain width of outlook that the other 
 subjects do not. All that is to be considered in relation 
 to the life of the community. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN: I want now to get to the Con- 
 stitution as the first step to take. 
 
 BISHOP RILEY: May we ask first what buildings 
 are necessary ; whether it is necessary to have any or 
 not? 
 
 Dr. McCALLUM : You must have buildings. I do 
 not know what buildings might possibly at first be made 
 available ; what existing buildings used for other pur- 
 poses migiit be pressed into the service of the Uni- 
 versity for a while. 
 
 BISHOP RILEY : The Technical School would sup- 
 ply chemistry and all sorts of things. 
 
 Dr. McCALLUM : I think one can go on with make- 
 hift arrangements for a few years pretjty well. 
 
 Dr. SMITH : We might hire buildings for a time 
 and alter them to suit our convenience. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : There is a good building going 
 on at the top of the street we might make use of in a 
 few years. 
 
 Dr. McCALLUM : When the Sydney University was 
 started we went on chiefly with school buildings for a 
 time until the Government gave us our central block 
 on which our present buildings are erected. The Govern- 
 ment gave us £50,000 for the erection of buildings ; that 
 was in 18.51. 
 
 BISHOP RILEY: There is no necessity for big 
 buildings 1 
 
 Dr. McCALLUM : I do not think so. It is a great 
 mistake to spend money in stone and mortar. 
 
 Bro. NUNAN : Would you recommend us to use 
 temporary buildings or get on to a site at once ? 
 
 Dr. McCALLUM: Theie is a great difference of opin- 
 ion on that point. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : We should secure a site. 
 
 Dr. McCALLUM: Oh, yes. In New South Wales 
 we always find it is hard to get money from the Govern- 
 ment to establish new Chairs. It is comparatively easy, 
 however, to get money from the Government to put up 
 new buildings. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : Mr. Andrews is the only one in 
 this State who can get all the money he wants for new 
 buildings. Will you please give us your ideas now 
 about the best form of Constitution ? 
 
 Dr. McCALLUM : I do not know whether you are 
 aware of it but in Sydney just now there is a fierce 
 fight over our Constitution. Since I left Sydney we 
 are being reformed. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : Will you just state what the old 
 
 Constitution was 1 
 
 Dr. McCALLUM: Originally the number of the 
 Senate — the Senate is our governing body — 
 
 The CHAIRMAN: What they call the Council in 
 Melbourne. 
 
 Dr. McCALLUM : Yes ; they were nominated by 
 the Governor, and there were, I think, sixteen at first. 
 Then at a subsequent period it was arranged that as 
 these nominees retired or died. Convocation should 
 elect Fellows of the Senate. At about the same time 
 provision was made that there should be certain ex- 
 officio Fellows, members of ithe staff, nominated by the 
 staff, not fewer than three nor more thun six, so that 
 the total number was twenty. 
 
 BISHOP RILEY: Who forms the Convocation? 
 
 Dr. McCALLUM : All the graduates with senior de- 
 grees and also Bachelors with three years' standing. 
 
 BISHOP RILEY: Has Sydney any affiliated institu- 
 tions or not? 
 
 Dr. McCALLUM : We have no affiliated institutions 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : It was practically the same at 
 that stage as Melbourne ? 
 
 Dr. McCALLUM : Yes, and .that is how it has gone 
 on until the present time. The greatest objections to 
 that system is that the Fellowships were for life and not 
 for a number of years. I do not see, when you can 
 start your own University, you can do much otherwise 
 than have a governing body made up of nominees. You 
 might provide for nominees being taken from d'fferenl 
 sections of the community, but at first you see you 
 would have no Convocation at all. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN: The Government represents all 
 sections ; it is a matter of choice by Government or 
 choice by Convocation. How is that worked? You 
 have destroyed the life tenure ? 
 
 Dr. McCALLUM: We are destroying it, or I fancy 
 it will be destroyed by .the time I get back to Sydney. 
 Probably I am a prejudiced party, and my opinion 
 would be attacked by most people in New South Wales, 
 but I think it has worked very well. Most of the Fel- 
 lows have really been very assiduous in their attend- 
 ance, and have taken a deep interest in the University, 
 and the fact that they sit in the Senate for a term oi 
 years allows them to gather a good deal of experience 
 while a good many of them are influential men in high 
 positions who offer themselves for re-election. I ques- 
 tion if under the new system which will probably be in 
 
24 
 
 vogue in the future we should get quite so many leaders 
 o± the (State coming forward to sit in the University. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : Unless you give them a life 
 tenure. How many would you suggest as a good num- 
 ber tor the Council or the Senate 1 
 
 Dr. McCALLUM : I do not see why sixteen should 
 not do very well. You want the various quest. ons 
 pretty well canvassed, and at the same time you uo not 
 want an unmanageable body. If you go beyond |,his 
 number it becomes unwieldy, and if you make it small 
 it is apt to become a mere adjunct. In sixteen or 
 twenty you will have various shades of opinion. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : In that new Constitution will 
 tliey still continue to be elected as membeis ol tne 
 Senate by Convocation. 
 
 Dr. McCALLUM: Yes, but instead of io; life they 
 will be elected for eight years. There is another change ; 
 there are to be four Government nominees. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : Holding office for how long I 
 
 Dr. McCALLUM : That was not decided when I left 
 Sydney. In the original Bill it was proposed to appoint 
 them lor life. That was obviously unsatislactoiy, and 
 i think the Prime Minister had verbally agreed to make 
 liK!U' tenure for eight years. 
 
 BISHOP RILEY : Is the Vice-Chancellor an execu- 
 tive ollice ; has he very large powers, or clots he simply 
 carry out what he is told ito do ? 
 
 Dr. McCALLUM : He is the Chief Executive Officer, 
 and he is chosen by the Senate ; that is to say the 
 governing body. He is not chosen by Convocation. 
 He IS the principal officer, and we have hitherto been 
 tortuna,te with our Chancellors. They have all been 
 men of a certain amount of leisure, and more than 
 average ability, and given all their leisure to the Uni- 
 versity. The only Chancellor in my experience who was 
 there for only a short time was Sir William VVindeyer, 
 and the reason he was not there longer as Chancellor 
 was that he died. 
 
 BISHOP RILEY: Have you a Vice-Chancellor? 
 — Yes, he acts in the absence of the Chancel- 
 lor, and takes some of the administrative duties 
 of the Chancellor off his hands. However, he is very 
 much the second to the Chancellor, in my experience, in 
 practical concerns. Nominally, of course, the Chancel- 
 lor has only the powers of the Chairman of tlie Senate ; 
 but in point of fact, when you get a man ap|)ointed for 
 successive years he becomes very much to the University 
 as a constitutional sovereign. That is what our Chancel- 
 lors have done. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : Does he take a practical interest 1 
   — Oh, yes. 
 
 The CHAIRlMAN: And the Vice-Chancellor 1— 
 Yes, he attends the meetings, and in the absence of the 
 Chancellor lie is Chairman. Occasionally, for some 
 purpOi;e, the Chancellor will leave matters to him, but, 
 as I say, in our experience it is, vulgarly stated, the 
 Chancellor who runs the show. 
 
 Dr. SMITH: That is very different from the 
 older Universities? — Yes, quite different. The Chancel 
 lor is by no means a mere figure-head. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : He is really a fifth wheel to 
 the coach? — Yes, very much so. But occasionally he 
 comes in very usefully. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN: What about the Registrar?— 
 The Registrar acts under the direction of the Chancelloi' 
 and the Senate. In point of fact, in Sydney the Re- 
 gistrar, simply on account of his ability and character 
 and not on account of any definite rights attaching to 
 his otfice, has come to be a most important ofiicial. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN: What do you pay him?— £900 
 a .vear. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN: And the Vice-Chancellor i- 
 We pay neither tlie Chancellor nor the Viee-Chancellor. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN: Then the other man, the Re 
 gistrar, is almost the directing head 1 - in point of fact 
 ill is that. He manages everything, he looks after 
 the arrangements of examinal.ous, he acquaints himseli 
 with all our investments, he is always present as secre- 
 tary at our Board, llie professional board, the Faculties, 
 and so on. Because of his general knowledge, he is 
 always able to give us wise advice. He has no written 
 autnority, no explicit authority. Nominally, he . 
 uieiely the servant of the Senate, but, as I say, he ..', 
 such an able man that he has the greatest influence, and 
 is of considerable help to us. I should think it is one 
 ol the most important things you have to consider, 
 to see that you get hold of a good Registrar. I some- 
 times say that I know many Universities where the pro- 
 fessors and students and governing bodies are better 
 tiian at Sydney, but I do not know any where they hav3 
 so good a Registrar. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : What about the creation of 
 boards and Faculties ? — We have the Professorial Board, 
 made up of professors, and we have different I acuities 
 somewhaJt differently constituted. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN: What is the difference ?- In 
 the Faculties we have the lecturers. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : But who arranges the cur- 
 riculum, the subjects, the examination ? — The Faculty 
 arrange all matters that concern merely the Faculty ; 
 that is to say, the committee recommends certain 
 aiTangements 'to the Senate, and those arrangements 
 have to be adopted by the Senate before they become 
 legal. 
 
 BISHOP RILEY: Where does the Professorial 
 Board come in ? — It has in charge the discipline 
 of the students, and all matters in which the 
 concerns of the Faculties overlap, or matters that con- 
 cern several Faculties. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : But eveiything is subject to 
 appeal to the Senate ( — The Professorial Board, too, has 
 to report to the Senate. The Senate is legally the Uni- 
 versity, and all the committees and boards have to re- 
 port to the Senate before their recommendations have 
 the force of regulations or by-laws. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : Do you advise having repre- 
 sentatives of membeis of the Professorial Board or the 
 Faculties on the Senate ?— That is a subject in respect to 
 which very fierce warfare has gone on in Sydney ever 
 since i first went there some 22 years ago. My first 
 experience was acquired at a Convocation, where mem- 
 bers of the Convocation sent a recommendation to the 
 Senate, that the ex-officio membership, or, in other 
 words, the representation of the staff, should be abo- 
 lished. That was never carried out. A few years 
 later the Convocation went back on that, and recom- 
 mended a continuance of the system, with the mere 
 difference that the professors should not be nominated 
 by the Senate, but chosen by the Faculty. That system 
 prevails to-day. The four staff members are the Deans 
 of the Faculties chosen by the Faculties. That arrange- 
 ment has existed for the last sixteen years or so. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN: Then that makes the Senate 
 a body of 20 members ? — Yes. 
 
 And they have full powers ? — In point of fact, we do 
 not vote on matters either concerning ourselves or con- 
 cerning the financial interests of the staff. Neverthe- 
 less we have the full right to do so. Our refraining 
 from doing so is merely an unwritten custom. The four 
 
26 
 
 Deans are appointed by the Faculties. I happen to 
 be Dean of the Faculty of Arts. It is the Faculty of 
 Arts which nominates me, and sends up my name to the 
 Senate, which reserves to itself the right of approving 
 such nomination. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN: The Senate is the body that 
 appoints ?- At present, in regard to this new Bill before 
 Parliament in New South Wales, one or two people have 
 argued against the representation of the staff, but I 
 think they are in a verj' small mi/iority. The principle 
 of representation has been finally accepted in New 
 Soutli Wales. 1 think it is advantageous. There are 
 some things that can be urged against it, namely that 
 those who are, in a manner the servants of the Uni- 
 versity, sliould not have control of the University. But 
 on the otlier hand, the University is not exactly a busi- 
 ness concern. The members of its staff are not like the 
 employees in a warehouse ; they have identified their 
 interests with the whole institution, and, as a matter of 
 fact, they know far more about the working of the in 
 stitution than does anybody else. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN: That is the point. Is that 
 not the reason of the objection? — Well, the expert after 
 all has to explain to the non-experts. If the non-ex 
 perts cannot keep the experts in check they do not 
 deserve to be there. 
 
 BISHOP RILEY : Is the Vice-Chancellor a professor 
 generally 1 — No ; he is always one of the elected mem- 
 bers, he is not on the staff. 
 
 BISHOP RILEY : That is curious. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : And you think the new Con- 
 stitution a good working Constitution, one that is not 
 too cumbersome ? — 1 think so. I am afraid I am so old 
 fashioned and reactionary as to feel a good deal of at- 
 tachment to the Constitution which is being improved 
 just now, but I think the new Constitution will work 
 very well. I do not th'nk it will involve much of a, 
 change. I think that most of the members of the 
 Senate will be re-elected. 
 
 BISHOP RILEY: I would like to move a 
 hearty vote of thanks to the professor for his kindness 
 in coming here and giving this information. He talks 
 atiout not being a warehouseman, but I think he has 
 plenty of stores. 1 myself am very grateful to him for 
 his kind action, and, I am sure this feeling is shared by 
 us all. 
 
 Tlie CHAIRMAN: The Bishop assuredly voices th« 
 oiJiu;on of everyone here. We are heartily thankful to 
 the p'ofessor for the information he has given, and I 
 am sure it will be of the yreatest advantage to us in our 
 deliberations. 
 
 Dr. McCALLUM : Thank you all. If you think it 
 will be of any service to >ou I shall be very glad to let 
 jou know, after consultation with the Registrar, what 
 they think about these salaries. 
 
 (The Commission then adjourned.) 
 
26 
 
 APPENDIX II. 
 
 Examination of Professor Nay I or. 
 
 AUGUST 4th, 1909. 
 
 A meeting of the committee of the Eoyal Commission 
 appointed to deal with the question of establishing a 
 University for Western Australia was held on Wednesday 
 afternoon, August 4, 1909, at the Church Offices, Perth, 
 for the purpose of hearing the views of Professor Naylor 
 (Professor of Classics in Adelaide University) on the 
 University question generally. The chair was occupied 
 by the Eight Rev. Bishop Riley, there being also 
 present the Hon. H. Briggs, M.L.C., Dr. J. W. Smith, 
 Mr. F. B. Allen, Rev. Brother Nunan, Mr. C. Andrews, 
 and the Hon. Secretary, Mr. J. S. Battye. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN: It was thought wise that thi.s 
 afternoon we should take advantage of the presence of 
 Professor Naylor in the State to catechise a distinguished 
 professor from another University and find out everj'- 
 thing he could possibly tell us to guide us in the com- 
 mencement of our University here. It is very good of 
 the Professor to come, and what we would like him to 
 tell us I think first of all is what is the best way of 
 starting ; next, what professorships we should aim at 
 having to begin with ; and then, if he could tell us 
 something about the way in which they started them- 
 selves, and how they developed, I am sure it would 
 be interesting. If there is any other question you 
 would like to bring forward first, so that he might tackle 
 it in what he is going to say, perhaps it would be just 
 «s well if you would now suggest the line of thought he 
 might speak about. We do not want him to give us 
 statistics, because we shall get those. Brother Nunan, 
 is there any particular subject you would like dealt 
 with? 
 
 Brother NUNAN : No, my Lord, nothing very parti- 
 cular. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : Do you think the points I have 
 referred to are what we particularly want to ask the 
 Professor about 1 
 
 Mr. ANDREWS: Yes. 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, 
 I feel it a great honour that you have asked me to make 
 any statements which occur to me in this matter. I 
 , am sorry to say I can only talk in generalities. I have 
 not, of course, any books with me, nor any documents. 
 There are one or two positions I hold vei^y strongly, and 
 would venture to bring before you. First of all, in 
 my opinion it is very much the wisest thing to begin 
 small, but to begin very good. I believe there to be 
 a great danger that may readily occur. You may have 
 an institution perhaps already existing fairly manned, 
 but not manned up to the standard of what a University 
 should be. Personally I think it would be a grave 
 mistake, supposing you had such an institution, if you 
 took it over and tried by merely changing its name 
 to make it the nucleus of a University. That I believe 
 would be a very serious error. If you wish a University 
 to appeal to the public, to be of a creditable standard 
 which shall make it looked up ^c by other Universities 
 
 in Australia, you must get the very best men you can 
 afford, and knowing, as I do, that your funds are not 
 large, I draw your attention to the fact that the Arts 
 side is always the cheapest side in a University, and 
 i would venture to say to you that the Arts side can 
 be run with the least expense in buildings. I am one 
 who believes that the men are the important thing, 
 and that the buildings can wait ; but, of course, if you 
 intend at the very outset to embark on a fine Science 
 side, then you must remember that you are not only 
 paying for an eminent teacher, but also you will have 
 to pay for a large plant as well, and that has to be 
 seriously considered. While I am on the topic of pro- 
 fessors, may I be allowed to say this, that in my ex- 
 perience a young University requires something more 
 than mere specialist ability in the subject. Unless you 
 can get a man who is going to impress the public as 
 a whole, I do not believe you will be doing the best for 
 yourselves. I have seen several cases of that in other 
 Universities, and I believe that in a colonial University ' 
 certainly you must get a first-class man, but at the same 
 time a type of man who will make the University ac- 
 C3ptable to the public. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : Do you mean as a head or as a 
 professor "i 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : As a professor— I speak simply 
 as a professor — a man who will appeal to the public, 
 and if you get that type of man you will soon find 
 funds will come in in a way that wiU surprise you all. 
 As to schools I speak of course with very great diffidence, 
 but a man naturally has his predilections, and you must 
 bear that in mind when I express my opinion. 1 feel 
 with very great strength that one of the most important 
 Chairs in a young country is the Chair of History on 
 the Arts side, and not only a scrap of modern history, 
 but, above all, ancient history as well as modern. Then 
 1 would say this about the literary side, that the way 
 in which several of our Universities have separated 
 English from classical languages in my opinion is quite 
 wrong. I hold that you can get a splendid man who 
 will be able to take up English and your dead languages 
 too, and if you bear that in mind it will obviously 
 cheapen the initial steps you take. I personally thon 
 would say : Take a literary man who can take history, 
 ancient and modem, and I think Philosophy and Logic. 
 I think those would cover the three important Chairs. 
 On the science side I see no reason why you could not 
 g«t an extremely effective man to take both Chemistry 
 and Physics, and I believe that with those four Chairs 
 you have the nucleus of what could become very soon 
 a very great University. Of course it may be said that 
 I have not mentioned technical professions, but 1 suppose 
 that at present you have no intention of founding a 
 medical school. You are prepared to wait for that, 
 and 1 suppose the same may be said of law ; you will 
 have to wait for that. I believe that in the four Chairs 
 i have mentioned we cover most of the ground that 
 a University in its initial stages could hope to cover. 
 
2f 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : May I ask what you think of the 
 Queensland proposal? Besides determining that pomt 
 the Queensland authorities have decided that a scientific 
 Mining Departmant should be established fiisl instead of 
 an Arts Department. 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : I can only say I do not agree 
 with it at all. > 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : We have more or less a scientific 
 mining department established now, have we not? 
 Mr. ALLEN : To a certain extent. 
 Professor NAYLOR: The question is what is the 
 standard? There, I think, a possible danger lies of 
 being willing to accept that which is not as high a 
 standard as the University ought to be merely because 
 you have an institution already, and I think that has 
 to be avoided, and that it would be a great danger. 
 
 Mr. ANDREWS : There are those who arc in favour 
 of not only mining but agriculture. 
 
 Professor NAYLOR: Agricultuj-e I believe is prac 
 iically provided for, is it not? 
 The CHAIRMAN: Yes. 
 Professor NAYLOR : That is a good thing. 
 The CHAIRMAN : Agriculture would include forestry 
 and that kind of thing, would it ? 
 Professor NAYLOR : Yes. 
 
 Mr. ALLEN : I think any science in a University 
 should be started afresh, as it were, without regard to 
 what we may be doing at the present moment. 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : I certainly agree with you en- 
 tirely. 
 
 Mr. ALLEN : There is work being done at the 
 Technical School very well, but T think you should start 
 afresh in a University with regard to science. 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : Of course I know I am an 
 idealist. I hold the idea that the main function of 
 the University is to tuni out the best type of citizen. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : I suppose you follow the Scotch 
 idea, that even if a man is a ploughman he should learn 
 Latin ? 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : I do. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : You have no idea what it would 
 cost to start with three professors? 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : £3,200 at least, because I think 
 you could not hope to get the type of man you should 
 have under £800 a year. 
 
 Whom would he want under him to start with? 
 Professor NAYLOR : No one to start with, and h3 
 should not want anyone. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : £800 ; and does that include a 
 house as well? 
 
 Professor NAYLOR: No. I suppose for £800 a 
 year you would get the type of man you would wish to 
 have. 
 
 The CHi\IRMAN : And he does not want anyone to 
 start with? 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : Not to start with. He will 
 when the thing grows. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : £3,200 you think would give us 
 four professors? 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : I think so. 
 Th"} CHAIRMAN: Your idea is we should have 
 History, Literature. Philosophy, and Science, Physics 
 and Chemistry? Agriculture wc have. That would be 
 five. 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : That would be five. 
 Mr. ANDREWS: Do you believe. Professor, m 
 having a President of the University, or in what form 
 
 of government, and if a president, should he be one 
 of the professors, or distinct from tnem ? 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : I have no right to have an 
 opinion, perhaps. I can only say this, that in the two 
 Universities in Australia with which I am connected we 
 have no president, and the scheme is reckoned eminently 
 successfuL We have representation on the Council of 
 Professors, and this has been found to go well and run 
 quite smoothly. A president is a very expensive article. 
 i mean you practically have to pay for him, and you 
 cannot afford to do it at the outset. 
 
 Dr. SMITH : There is the Chancellorhood. 
 Professor NAYLOR : The Chancellor performs tlie 
 same functions as a president. 
 
 Mr. ANDREWS : And the Chancellor is not paid? 
 Professor NAYLOR : No. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : Who is the executive officer ? 
 Frofesior NAYLOR : You have your Registrar. He 
 is another you must not forget ; an important one. 
 The CHAIRMAN : What do you pay him ? 
 Professor NAYLOR ; £500 without residence. Ho 
 IS an officer wlTose salary would increase with an increase 
 of the University ; £500 would pay an effective man at 
 the outset. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : Do you charge fees ? 
 Professor NAYLOR: Yes, we charge fees at Adelaide, 
 and they are very low. They work out at about a 
 farthing an hour apiece. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : For each student ? 
 Professor NAYLOR : Yes. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : Is it worth while charging under 
 those circumstances '( 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : That is a matter of opinion. 
 1 hold that a small charge is a good thing. I like it 
 to be small. Of course it is a mere matter of how 
 much work you do. 
 
 Dr. SMITH : A farthing for each man ? 
 Professor NAYLOR : Yes. Then I do a great deal. 
 As a matter of fact it is four guineas a year for each 
 student. I am speaking, of course, offhand. 
 The CHAIRMAN : Four terms ? 
 Professor NAYLOR : Three terms. 
 Mr. ANDREWS: What does that cover? 
 Professor NAYLOR : Everything. 
 Mr. ANDREWS : Is that English Literature as well? 
 Professor NAYLOR : I only take Classics. 
 Brother NUN AN : Are the professors allowed to 
 earn money privately, independent of their official 
 duties ? 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : No, they are not, but of course 
 they do not prevent us from writing books whenever 
 we can ; but we have not very much time for it. I do 
 not want a farthing an hour to pass as gospel, but I 
 know the sum is ridiculously low. The sum of £4 4s. 
 is a low charge, and you can see that it works out at 
 a very small sum when it is stated that there are seven 
 or eight lectures a week and individual attention. 
 The CHAIRMAN : Do you believe in fees ? 
 Professor NAYLOR : I do, just as I believe in a small 
 income tax. 
 
 Dr. SMITH : A man values more what he pays for? 
 Professor NAYLOR: I think so. It has been so 
 in Scotland, and I think it would be so here. A man 
 s'lould pay a little, if possible. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN: Does the Government ofTer any 
 scholarships to be competed for, or anything of that 
 kind? 
 
88 
 
 Professor NATLOR : Oh, yes, a large number 
 
 The CHAIRMAN: They are free, I suppose; 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : Practically free. We havd 
 bursaries open to everyone who can prove to a committee 
 wnich sits m private that lack of means makes it im- 
 possible to paj- any fees, and they get from the Govern- 
 ment something like £10 a year to pay with. 
 
 Brother NUNAN : Do you think that the University 
 should be in the city itself I 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : Provided you have enougli 
 laud, yes. 
 
 Brother NUNAN : And what would be the minimum 
 area you would require for sites i I think you have 
 a dilhculty in Adelaide, have you not, in that conneo 
 bion ? 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : Oh, yes ; we suEer tenibly in 
 Adelaide for want of space. Speaking offhand 1 
 imagine that as much as 100 acres would be a wise 
 provision, if possible, because you have to think a 
 hundred years ahead, otherwise you will find yourselves 
 so cramped that there will lie no opportunity tor ex- 
 pansion. 
 
 Brother NUNAN: 1 suppose you favour affiliated 
 colleges ? 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : I very strongly favour them. 
 
 Brother NUNAN : Denominational colleges ? 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : 1 would prefer them unde- 
 nominational and under Government, but 1 believe very 
 strongly in assistance. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : You do not object to colleges 
 being founded 1 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : Not in the least. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : By men attending the Uni- 
 versity 1 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : No. 
 
 Brother NUNAN : In Sydney and Melbourne all the 
 affiliated colleges are distinctly denominational. You 
 have Presbytei-ian and Anglican. 
 
 Professor NAYLOR: Trinity College and Queen's, 
 1 think Ciueen*8 is Wesleyan. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : Do they work amicably together 
 and without getting in trouble ? 
 
 Professor NAYLOR: Absolutely amicably together. 
 There is no sort of pressure used at all. In fact I 
 would not know it is denominational except for the fact 
 that they have prayers night and morning, and there is 
 no compulsion to attend them. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : And does the fact of having 
 these scholarships open to competition help to spur 
 men on at aU ? 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : 1 believe it does. 1 believe 
 it has been oT immense advantage to Melbourne Uni- 
 versity. 
 
 Brother NUNAN : Who pays the salaries of the 
 rectors of these colleges 1 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : The denomination to whom the 
 block of land belongs. 
 
 Brother NUNAN : I think that in Sydney the Uni- 
 versity pays the salary. 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : They pay the salaries of the 
 Ladies' College, I fancy. One is paid by Presbyterians 
 and the other by the Church of England. 
 
 Mr. ANDREWS : Is the rector of the college an 
 official in any sense ? 
 
 Professor NAYLOR: Not necessarily. He is a 
 member of the Convention. He is always a member of 
 the Council. The rectors are naturally very service- 
 
 able men, and I wish to point this out. The historj 
 of Melbourne should be a warning in some respects 
 1 speak with bated breath in the matter, but you know 
 in the early days of a University there is a certain 
 absence of the public to check tlie procedure of the 
 professors. Nobody knows what they ought to be 
 doing, and the result in Melbourne in the early days 
 was that although one or two men were very good in 
 two or three cases after a few years they cease to do 
 any work whatsoever, and the public did not know any 
 better, and there was no check on them. Directly the 
 colleges started inside the University a University public 
 opinion was formed which kept these men up to their 
 work, and they performed, although the professors 
 would not admit it, a very valuable function in spur- 
 ring them on. Men were brought into the University 
 who were capable of keeping the professois up to the 
 mark, and it was a very important and useful service 
 that was done ; and, of course, although at first the 
 professors did not like it, they now would be the first 
 Lo admit that it had been a very good thing for the 
 University on the whole ; and, peisonally, that is one of 
 the reasons I advocate it. The larger you can get 
 your public your specialist the better for the work of 
 the institution as a whole. 
 
 Dr. SMITH : Would the Professor tell us what the 
 hundred acres would be wanted for I 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : It is wanted for the future. 
 You will always have great expansion on the science 
 side. They always cover a large field. You will, I 
 hope, some day get the full system introduced, and have 
 residential colleges. 
 
 Dr. SMITH : That would be included i 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : Oh, yes. I am preparing for 
 all future eventualities. 
 
 Dr. SMITH : Has the founder of the college to 
 find that land on which any buildingfi could be erected 1 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : The Government presented 
 parcels of land which they had already given on condi- 
 tion that they built and used it for educational purposes. 
 They have absolute control in one sense. That is to 
 say that if we ceased to use the lands on which Ormond 
 stands as a college they would take it away. 
 
 Brother NUNAN : The Catholics have a site in 
 Melbourne. We have just a tenant on it so that we 
 may be legally entitled to hold it. 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : Quite so. 
 
 Dr. SMITH : One's recollection of Oxford is that 
 the University buildings occupy but a very small acre- 
 age ; the buildings necessary for the University itself. 
 
 Professor NAYLOR • That is quite true. It is not 
 so much the case to-day. In Cambridge they have 
 developed the science side, which looms as a much more 
 important domain than it did in my days. The arts 
 side depends not on the buildings but the men. 
 
 Dr. SMITH : The buildings we could start v^ith 
 could be rented for £100 a year or so upwards. 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : I quite agree with you. 
 
 Brother NUNAN : They have 500 acres in Sydney 
 University. 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : I should think it quite likely. 
 
 Brother NUNAN : It is in the suburbs. 
 
 Mr. ANDREWS : Do you think it is an advantage 
 to look to the possibility of having residential houses 
 fairly on the same ground and not scattered about the 
 town I 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : A great advantage. 
 
M 
 
 Mr. ANDREWS: In Oxford and Cambridge they 
 are scattered about the town, but they are small towns. 
 It would be difficult to find a convenient site in a 
 place like Perth if you had not enough room on the 
 central ground. 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : I think it is essential to the 
 success of the system that it should be within the Uni- 
 versity precincts. 
 
 Brother NUNAN : They may go a little out of the 
 city and acquire a good site there. 
 
 Mr. ANDREWS: The site that has been thought 
 of is King's Park Road. With regard to scholarships, 
 1 suppose you are in favour of them 1 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : I am in favour of scholarships 
 decidedly. 
 
 Brother NUNAN : Liberally given by the Govern- 
 ment 1 
 
 Professor NAYLOR: Yes. 
 
 Brother NUNAN : And have them in the University 1 
 Professor NAYLOR : Yes. I think the ideal is that 
 every person born in this State who has the necessary 
 ability should be enabled to go from the bottom to the 
 top ; everyone who has the ability, but I think it is a 
 grave error to think that everybody should go. Some, 
 1 think, are under the impression that it is a good 
 thing to send all and sundry to a University, whether 
 they have the necessary ability and special faculties or 
 not, but I think that is wrong, because it is only a 
 percentage who can make profitable use of the condi- 
 tions, and they should be encouraged in every possiblo 
 way and assisted. 
 
 Brother NUNAN : With regard to those colleges 
 which would feed the University, I presume you would 
 favour the scholarships being tenable not only to 
 secondary schools but denominational schools as well 
 as others ? 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : Oh, certainly. I would make 
 no distinction' myself . 
 
 Brother NUNAN : Anyone who would give the 
 education, provided it is up to the quality ? 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : Without question. 1 would 
 make no exceptions at all. 
 
 The SECRETARY : If you run the Arts side, must 
 you not provide in some way for the teaching of mathe- 
 matics ? 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : Of course when I said Physics 
 1 was including mathematics and arithmatic. Oh, yes. 
 That is obvious. You are quite right. 
 
 Mr. ANDREWS : You mean one would be able to 
 take that matter with the Chemistry and Physics 'I 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : Yes. It is a frequent combina- 
 tion. Pure mathematics is falling very much back 
 nowadays. You can generally get your physicist who 
 18 a sufficiently good mathematician to do all your 
 mathematics. The great thing is to get a man who 
 is a specially good physicist and a fair mathematician, 
 and then, as time goes on, he will turn to physics only. 
 
 The SECRETARY : A separate establ shment for 
 mathematics would not be required until the establish- 
 ment of an engineering school ! 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : You could have mathematics 
 and engineering professorship together then. 
 
 Brot her NUNAN : Have you many scholarships at 
 your university? 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : Do you mean Adelaide or Mel- 
 bourne I 
 
 Brother-NUNAN : Adelaide. 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : We have a very large number. 
 I cannot tell you the percentage, but I think nearly 40 
 to 50 per cent, of my classes are holding scholarships, 
 and some have bursaries. 
 
 Mr. ANDREWS : The bursaries are the £10 ones? 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : Yes. We have scholarships 
 amounting to £25 awarded there at the end of the year 
 on the examination. 
 
 Mr. ANDREWS : Are those the highest ? 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : Oh, no. We have scholarships 
 even up to £150. 
 
 Dr. SMITH : Can a man attend your lectures without 
 being a member of the University ? 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : Yes, I think they can if the 
 professor is satisfied they are able to take advantage 
 of the lecture. 
 
 Dr. SMITH : If a man wants to matriculate and to 
 acquire some knowledge before offering himself for ex- 
 amination he can get leave to attend ? 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : He can. 
 
 Dr. SMITH : On paying the same as a Uni\er8ity 
 student ( 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : Yes. 
 
 Dr. SMITH : Are you in favour of lectures being 
 held in the evening for the benefit of those studious men 
 who are engaged in some occupation and who may wish 
 to pursue the Arts course 1 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : Oh, yes. I am very much in 
 favour of this, and I imagine that at the beginning of 
 your University you would probably have most of your 
 lectures in the evening. 
 
 Dr. SMITH : For science lectures I suppose it would 
 not be 80 good, but for languages and history ? 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : I have not heard any objec- 
 tions to science lectures at night. 
 
 Brother NUNAN : Mr. Allen would not think it ad- 
 visable to have those at night. 
 
 Mr. ALLEN : We have no very great difficulty 
 with the evening lectures. There are a certain 
 number of experiments which are better done in the 
 day time. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : You have a great deal of music 
 in the University at Adelaide? 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : A great deal too much. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : Is there no harmony, or what is 
 it? 
 
 Professor NAYIjOR: There is a certain amount of 
 discord. I personally — I speak as the son of a musi- 
 cian — do not think music is by any means one of the 
 earliest subjtjcts you should teach. You can wait, and 
 1 think we should have been very much better off m 
 Adelaide if we had waited. 
 
 Dr. SMITH : We spend about £4,000 a year here 
 on other Universities and bodies for certificates in 
 music, and it did occur to us we might keep the monfv 
 in our own pocket and spend it on our own meii. 
 
 Professor NAYLOR: That suggests a topic which 1 
 think deserves attention, namely, the danger of de- 
 pending for revenue upon examinations. Reduce that 
 as far as you possibly can. The temptations are ob- 
 vious. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : They are. 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : Without mentioning any name. 
 1 know of an institution which makes a practice of 
 advising its examiners not to reject more than a certa n 
 maximum in order not to make the examination un- 
 popular. Of course they would have the fees. 
 
30 
 
 The CHAIRMAN: It is a very disgraceful thing, 
 but it is done. 
 
 The SECRETARY : Would you make the attendance 
 at lectures compulsory for examination 1 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : I am not in favour of com- 
 pulsory lectures, but in practice if the lectures are 
 worth attending the student will attend them. It is 
 better that they should have attended, and I would 
 never readily excuse them from attendance unless ex- 
 tremely good reasons were given. 
 
 Dr. SMITH : Would you allow a professor to be 
 an examiner in the subjects he taught? 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : I think it is very much better 
 he should. 
 
 The SECRETARY: There may be cases— and it 
 does happen in many Universities — where students going 
 in may not be able to attend lectures. Would you 
 debar them from examination 1 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : Certainly not. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : Then you do not compel them 
 to reside ? 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : I think that is the ideal, but 
 there is no compulsion. Some men have not the 
 money. 
 
 Mr. ANDREWS : Do you admit anyone to the ex- 
 ammation whether they attend University lectures or 
 not?   
 
 Professor NAYLOR : I should do. 
 
 Dr. SMITH : Have free trade in teaching. 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : And in subjects too. I am 
 not a man who wants his own subject bolstered up 
 at all. I do not like compulsory subjects. 
 
 The SECRETARY: The affiliated colleges, for ex- 
 ample, in Melbourne, are under no financial obligation 
 to the University at all. The financial arrangement is 
 totally distinct. 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : Totally distinct, but there is 
 no need for you to follow that way. I would prefer 
 to see it far more under the government of the Uni- 
 versity than they are at Melbourne. I think it would 
 be very much better. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN: I gather that the chief thing 
 you want to impress upon us is that we should begin 
 with a high standard ? 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : Yes ; begin good if you have 
 to begin small. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : Whatever we do you want it 
 goodi 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : Good, so as to give a standard. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : Otherwise a man would not go 
 in for our examination because the benefit would not 
 be valued ? That is what you mean 1 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : That is what I mean. 
 
 Brother NUN AN : The rate of living is a good deal 
 higher here. 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : I have that in mind. 
 
 Dr. SMITH : May we ask the Professor whether 
 he considers that Greek is an essential in the Arts 
 course ? 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : That is rather unfair. I think 
 a great deal more can be said in favour of Greek thni 
 is said, and I have a verv high opinion of it education 
 ally. 
 
 Dr. S,MITH: I am afraid people are under the im- 
 1 r,jssion that the a'equisition of Greek is somethinjj 
 which requires almost .suporhutnan ability. 
 
 . Professor NAYLOR : It is an easier language than 
 Latin, and a much belter language in every way. 
 
 Mr. ANDREWS : Then the Professor said, I think, 
 that he did not believe in compulsory subjects? 
 Professor NAYLOR: I do not. 
 
 Mr. ANDREWS: It is not a question of compul- 
 sion ? 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : Oh, no. I would have it quite 
 free and open, but I would like to see the possibility 
 of a man getting Greek if he wanted to. 
 
 Dr. SMITH : Of course for the Arts Course there 
 must be some language prescribed ? 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : Oh, yes, but I like to reduce 
 the compulsory subjects as far as possible, and I like 
 to give the student as large a course as we can. Of 
 course we must definitely lay down that there is to be 
 a language, ancient and modern, but I would rather 
 leave it to the scholar if I could. 
 
 Brother NUNAN : You feel it is a disadvantage to 
 Adelaide not to have affiliated colleges admitted I 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : I feel that a very grave dis- 
 advantage, and I think that until I see affiliation I 
 shall consider it inferior to other Universities. 
 
 The SECRETARY : The absence of foreign subjects 
 to give a student the opportunity of specialising in any 
 direction might fad? 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : I think so. 
 
 Dr. SMITH : Why should he specialise early 1 Why 
 not take the degree before he begins to specialise ? 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : That is not what we used to 
 do. We specialised when we got through the little go 
 at Oxford or Cambridge ; Dublin the same. 
 
 Professor NAYI^OR : I went through mathematics 
 at school, and as soon as that was. over I did not do 
 any more at the University. 
 
 Dr. SMITH : After acquiring mathematics for the 
 little go you go on without them. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : For entrance to examination you 
 require a certain amount of culture. 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : Of course. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN: If you send a boy to study 
 science and he has no culture you surely are not ful- 
 filling the idea of a University ? 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : No, I do not think you are. 
 We presuppose that one has passed a standard like that 
 of the senior public or our little go and smalls. 
 
 The SECRETARY : That is the general matricula- 
 tion examination ? 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : Yes. When he has got through 
 that I like him to have as much freedom as possible. 
 
 The SECRETARY: Anything that he can get let: 
 tures and examinations on ? 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : Anything he feels he can do 
 well and be interested in. 
 
 Brother NUNAN : All our exhibitioners are taking; 
 up either medicine or law. I suppose we must postpone 
 those subjects for the present ? 
 
 Professor NAYLOR: I think so. The law mpy 
 come fairly early, because it is not dear. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : I do not think law would be 
 an expensive thing. 
 
 Professor NAYf^OR: Not at all. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : But medicine would be; one of 
 the last beoiuse it is one of the most expensive. 
 
 Brother NUNAN: l^aw, then, you think, would 
 cnne in very goon ? 
 
 Professor NA\L()R: 1 think so. 
 
31 
 
 The CHAIRMAN: We might have a lecturer on 
 liivv !it once 1 
 
 J^rofpssor NAYJ.OR : I think so. 
 
 The SECRETARY : An extension of the Ai-ts course 
 would meet the law course I think. 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : I imagine local lawyers coul'.l 
 l>e used to lecture on special propositions of law, and 
 would be gl.ad to do it. 
 
 Dr SMITH: I think so. I am holding a law ex- 
 umination myself to-morrow. They have a bad system 
 at the University of London. At least they have a 
 system which perhaps you do not approve of ; that is, 
 after a man has matriculated he can go into medicine 
 »nd into law without going to any man. He is obliged 
 to have a knowledge of Latjn to matriculate, and one 
 modem language, but he need not know any Greek, and 
 can go there and become a Bachelor of Laws. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : That is the same as Oxford and 
 Cambridge. 
 
 The SECRETARY: That is the same as in most 
 Universities, is it not? 
 
 The CHAIRMAN: After passing the little go you 
 can go in for almost any examination under the sun ; 
 jou can take your M.B. without taking an Arts degree. 
 
 Mr. ANDREWS: You seemed to think that the 
 colleges ought to be more closely affiliated to the Uni- 
 versities, more closely under the thumb of the Universi- 
 ties tlian at Melbourne f 
 
 Professor NAYLOR: Yes. 
 
 Mr. ANDREWS : You would not have them founded 
 practically by outside bodies, religious bodies or any- 
 thing of that kind, and entirely supported by them ? 
 
 Professor NAYLOR: I do not eay that altogether, 
 but I would Lke the University to have more direct 
 control over them than they have in Melbourne, if it 
 were feasible. 
 
 Mr. ANDREWS: Should it be financial control, or 
 biiould it be rather by the appointment of officers ( 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : I think the University Council 
 should have some say in the appomtment of the Master 
 or Rector of the college ; that the Committee of the 
 college should become combined somehow with the 
 Committee of the Council in order that the University 
 siiouid have some control so that undesirable men may 
 not be put in such positions. 
 
 Brother NUNAN : I think that in Sydney the Uni- 
 versity exercises no such control 1 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : They do, I know, in the case 
 of the Ladies' College. That is the only one. Indi- 
 rectly they will be doing in Melbourne before lorg, be- 
 cause they are going to have a system of extra mural 
 teaching to be recognised by the University, and that 
 controls the standard of teaching in the colleges in a 
 very desirable manner. The college that does not 
 possess an extra mural teacher, as it were, licensed by 
 the University, will fall back, and so they exercise an 
 indirect control in that way which is good. 
 
 Mr. ANDREWS: 1 have very much pleasure in 
 moving a vote of thanks to the Professor tor the in- 
 fonnation he has given us this afternoon. 
 
 Dr. SMITH : We will aU second it. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN : We will aU carry it. Mr. Pro- 
 fessor, we are very much obliged to you. We want to 
 find out everything we possibly can before wo begin to 
 make a report to Parliament, and it is far better for us 
 to have someone here who can tell us first hand than 
 to take out pickings. 
 
 Professor NAYLOR : I am very pleased to liave don   
 what 1 could. 
 
 Proceedings then terminated. 
 
92 
 
 APPENDIX III. 
 
 DR. HACKETT'8 REPORT. 
 
 Report to the Commission appointed to consider the question of establishing a University ia 
 
 Western Australia. 
 
 Gentlemen, — 
 
 You will remember on my leaving for England to 
 attend the meetings of the Imperial Press Conference, 
 last March twelve-month, I was requested to enquire 
 into the working of some of the most recently founded 
 English Universities, and to report to the Coramissioi) 
 on my return. The report. I fear, will be neither as 
 informing nor as suggestive as I had hoped to make it. 
 1 was prevented from freely moving about by a crip- 
 pling attack of gout, which, with the claims of the Presf< 
 Conference, combined to curtail the number of Universi- 
 ties 1 found it possible to visit, and. in consequence, 
 limited the information I was able to secure. I speci- 
 ally regretted that a courteous invitation from Dr. 
 Gore, Bishop of Birmingham, to be his guest while ex 
 amining into the working of one of the most successful 
 and original of the new Universities- that of Birming- 
 ham—could not be accepted. But I was able to learn 
 something at first hand from some of the working heads 
 of Manchester, and Sheffield, and, in Ireland, of Bel- 
 fast — one of the very latest. My enquiry did not touch, 
 of course, those older foundations which cannot be re- 
 produced in Western Australia, where the surrounding 
 conditions and historic associations which have shaped 
 their life and influence are essentially and peculiarly 
 their own. I occupied myself with the great modern 
 Universities of England, none of them older than ten 
 years, with the exception of the Victoria University of 
 Manchester, and this although its history dates from 
 1880, was reconstituted as late as 1903. The others, 
 Birmingham (1900), Liverpool (1903), Leeds (1904), Shef- 
 field (1905), and Bristol (1909), are the gift of virtually 
 the first ten years of the present century. These are 
 independent of some half score of University Colleges in 
 England alone, subsidised from the Imperial Exchequer, 
 and some of which are clearly destined to attain full 
 University status before many years are over. 
 
 MODEKN ENGLISH UNIVEESITIES. 
 
 These Universities have been derided as merely 
 glorified technical schools. Everywhere, however, the 
 service is being more fully appreciated which has been 
 and suggested to his mind a complete misapprehension 
 of the University idea. Other Universities need now 
 have no fear of suffering either in credit or influence 
 rendered by these bodies in providing the technical 
 student with advanced courses, and in elevating the cul- 
 tivation of the practical arts of life to the University 
 standard. On the other hand those classical and higher 
 science subjects, which till recently were inseparably 
 bound up in the popular mind with the idea of what a 
 Universitj' should make compulsory in its prescribed 
 courses, are by no means neglected. But, it is not to 
 these that the institutions mentioned owe their popular- 
 
 ity and their distinctive results, though their success all- 
 round has for the most part been brilliant. The note- 
 worthy points are the degree in which the teaching 
 enters mlo the everyday needs of the working life of the 
 community, and the provision made for instruction and 
 research in those material arts which go to make a 
 country progressive, existence easier, toil more honour- 
 able and better rewarded. It is not easy to assess at 
 its full value the courage which, for instance, led Man 
 Chester early to embrace in her University curriculum 
 subjects whose admiss,on must have excited honest 
 laughter in the soul of the typical graduate of the day. 
 Su(!h studies were for him outside the University pale, 
 through following the example of Manchester, or of the 
 great University of the Midlands, in appointing profes- 
 sors and lecturers in such commonplace subjects as com- 
 merce, education, social science, public health, techno- 
 logy, dental surgery — a name of offence to the old medi- 
 cal schools — and offering special instruction in such arts 
 as bleaching, dyeing, paper-making, accounting, brewing, 
 textile manufacture, and the like. 
 
 I dwell upon this because it gives me the oppor- 
 tunity of striking the key-note of this report, and, once 
 more, of insisting that whenever a University is estab- 
 lished in Western Australia it seems clear to me that 
 its chief solicitude must be for those primary arts of 
 production on which the life of the State depends, and 
 that its success should directly flow from the popular 
 instruction it is able to provide. Instead of putting the 
 classics, for example, in the chief rank, we must aim 
 at teaching the living languages. In place of chiefly 
 occupying himself with the more ancient and exalted 
 schools of pure science the student's eye should for pre- 
 ference be generally directed to proficiency in such sub- 
 jects as agriculture, raining, and technical work. Not 
 that the older courses should be shut out of sight, but 
 let the respective positions of the old and the new 
 be revised. Let the latter be called to priority of place 
 -priority which will bear due relation to the actual 
 requirements of our people, and to the income of those 
 who desire to secure for their children or for themselves 
 that more advanced training in practical subjects, which 
 should be offered by the University of Western Australia. 
 There is, moreover, no ground to fear that classics and 
 thg h'gher mathematics will undergo eclipse either in 
 the proposed University or in the Secondary Schools of 
 this State. So long as the Rhodes Scholarships are 
 with us, and the ultimate objective of the successful 
 candidate will be the studies of the historic foundations, 
 so long will it be a matter of material import to main- 
 tain at a sufficient level the teaching in the subjects 
 which still hold pride of place in the older homes of 
 learning in the United K'ngdom. For we cannot doubt 
 that in accordance with the practice of the Eastern 
 States tlie Rhodes prizes will be reserved here, as there, 
 for those who have taken a logical University degree. 
 
33 
 
 SCHEMES OF GOVERNMENT. 
 
 As regards teaching, almost any of the new Uni- 
 > eisities aliord just the example and the help for which 
 1' are looking. They are for the most part in thi.s 
 n spect identical. Manchester, indeed, forms in one 
 Nature an exception to her sister Universities. She 
 has constituted a theological faculty^-a step other found- 
 ations have been too timid to imitate. It is worth 
 noting, however, that Dr. Hopkinson, the Vice-Chancel- 
 lor of Manchester, assured me that the theological was 
 among the most successful of all their faculties in Man- 
 chester. But, if we can safely follow their suggestions 
 in teaching and in internal organisation, it seems other- 
 wise with the constitutional side of the question — the 
 prehniinary problem of all— the case in which I had 
 hoped for most hints of assistance, and in which I ob- 
 tained least. Nothing of value, I submit, can be 
 gleaned from any constitutional pattern supplied by the 
 Universities mentioned. In all directions the govern- 
 ment of the new English University strikes the onlooker 
 as carrying too much top hamper. To Australians who 
 have learned to do things in the way that shall be at 
 once the simplest and the most direct, it may not be 
 easy to explain how so intricate a system of government 
 commended itself to the founders of the new University. 
 Checks are found to clash at innumerable points, powers 
 and authorities overlap, similar or the same work seems 
 entrusted to competing bodies. Under a similar con- 
 dition, in Australia, we should be safe in prophesying a 
 deadlock at almost every movement of the University 
 machine. Take the governing scheme of the Victoria 
 University of Manchester, the elder sister— apparently 
 the pattern and type of all. There is the Chancellor, the 
 "head and chief officer of the University," and who can 
 be a very active officer if he so pleases. There is the 
 Vice-Chancellor— in most Universities the true head of 
 the Executive. When we come to the controlling 
 bodies, if we seek for the executive and legislative 
 powers we find them widely distributed. There is, 
 at the top, an absolute authority, the University Court, 
 \\iiich is "the governing body of the University" witii 
   power to regulate and determine all matters concerning 
 tlie University." Next we meet the University Council, 
 which is not only the executive body of the University, 
 but has also "power to draft statutes and ordinances," 
 for submission to the University Court. After these 
 bodies follows a Senate invested with "the control and 
 general regulation of instruction and education in the 
 University," with "power to discuss and pronounce an 
 opinion on any matter relating to the University." Then 
 we have the bodies "responsible for the courses of 
 study '—subject to the control of the Senate, the facul- 
 ties, and Iheir individual Boards, which can unite in a 
 general Board. Easily Convocation stands behind al) 
 with its rights of election to the Chancellorship and to 
 membership of the Court of Governors. It is endowed 
 with "power to discuss and pronounce opinions on any 
 matter relating to the University," and "may enter into 
 
 ' communication directly with the Court, Council, or 
 Senate, on any matter affecting the University." The 
 Court consists of 92 members— the Council of 24— the 
 Senate of 41~and Convocation of 1,061 members. If 
 they be looked for, a power and opportunity of general 
 interference with each other can certainly be discovered 
 I'.v each and all of these bodies. But this is not all. The 
 i'diculties of these constitutions do not end with the 
 i'lltiplication of autonomous executive and legislative 
 ambers. There is a still greater novelty in their con- 
 itutions. The foimders were careful to secure the 
 goodwill and support of the leading institutions, inter- 
 ests, and individuals in the neighbourhood of the Uni- 
 versity. Take Sheffield. The Court—the governing 
 
 body of the University— contains in addition to its offi- 
 
 cial members the Mayors of eleven cities and towns, the 
 Chairmen of five County Councils, the local members of 
 the House of Commons, the headmasters and mistresses 
 of approved secondary schools in Sheffield, the Recorder 
 and Town Clerk of Sheffield, the Archbishop of York, 
 and five Bishops of the northern province, and some 
 extra clergymen. Nor does it stop here. In addition 
 to these are the members of the Court who represent 
 institutions, education committees, municipalities, com- 
 mercial bodies, and various literary and industrial 
 societies in the vicinity. According to the Imperial 
 Education report there were in 1908, besides officers, 92 
 members for life, 67 members for ten years, 105 ex- 
 officio members, and 104 representative members, or over 
 300 members in all. In Manchester, Convocation had 
 1,061 members. The reason for all this is obvious. The 
 founders sought to enlist the sympathy and the 
 munificence of all who could be brought to acknow- 
 ledge any connection with the University. 
 
 OBJECTIONS TO THESE CONSTITUTIONS. 
 
 But, it is possible that by so doing they gave an 
 unintended but mischievous bent to the constitution. 
 The complexion of the Court becomes strongly local, and 
 among the worst of the mistakes which could be made 
 iu the establishment of a Western Australian University 
 would be to allow the voice of localism to be heard. In 
 the case of our own State the University must be in no 
 sense provincial, but national in the fullest and most 
 pi'egnant meaning of the word. On the other hand, 
 this special appeal to the district itself, directed to the 
 pride and patriotism of those connected with it, has pro- 
 bably made it possible for the dreams of the founders 
 to be realised at a far earlier date and far more effec- 
 tively than could have otherwise been brought about. 
 But to the Australian it is not clear how it is these bodies 
 are not in continual conflict, or how the jars and jea- 
 lousies incidental to such cases allow any business to 
 be done. It assuredly could not work in a land where 
 members of governing boards and committees are accus- 
 tomed not only to ascertain their rights, but to put 
 them to very effective exercise. How, t^lien, are dead 
 locks prevented 1 From a cursory glance all seems to 
 depend on the connecting link between all these powers. 
 Whoever may be the authority who possesses an official 
 seat and voice in the majority of these governing 
 chambers (whether he be Chancellor or Vice-Chancellor, 
 Principal, or Registrar) is the man whose knowledge 
 of the business, tact, and temper are responsible for 
 the smooth and efficient running of this complex machine. 
 In any event, it is obvious that it is not in this direction 
 we ought to seek for the model of the constitution we 
 shall need for the University of Western Australia. 
 There are in all, besides the University Colleges^, 17 
 Universities now at work in the United Kingdom — a 
 noble evidence of the public spirit, generosity, and desire 
 for popular education in that part of the old land. But, 
 there is no need to dwell further on these instances. 
 Plainly their conditions are not ours. On the other 
 hand, we have it in our own power to avoid what may 
 appear to us to be their mistakes. 
 
 CANADA. 
 
 But, before expressing a personal opinion that in 
 plhce of an alien and unsat'sfying adaptation we may get 
 what we want from proved examples nearer home, I ask 
 to be allowed a few words about the collegiate work 
 being done in the Dominion and the United States. 
 There does not seem to be anything in the constitutions 
 of either country which will be of any great help to 
 ourselves, but any remarks on University education 
 
34 
 
 would be imperfect without an allusion, however brief, 
 to what is going on in Northern America. 
 
 In her forward march, Canada has given a leading 
 place to University education. Adopting the best fea 
 tures of the American and English types, in certain 
 directions her collegiate creations have put her ahead of 
 all her sisters throughout the Empire. To her for 
 example the grievance of confining University teaching 
 and training to the town in which the University was 
 situated seemed of such special moment that she has 
 taken active steps to set this wrong right. To a con- 
 siderable extent she is securing what she wants. By 
 establishing a connection between the higher and the 
 subordinate systems of instruction, a serious attempt is 
 being made to fulfil Huxley's definition of what a 
 national system of education should be, "a great ladder 
 with one end in the gutter and the other in the Uni- 
 versity." Her success in this direction has been obtain- 
 ed by her linking up all of her educational grades. 
 Ontario, with her three Universities, is seeking how to 
 make her collegiate education national, and finds a 
 solution possible by the use she makes of the High 
 School system. A number of these schools have been 
 staffed and organised so as to provide practically a first 
 year's University course. By this expedient two 
 advantages liave been gained. The University and its 
 benefits are no longer limited to a single town, but are 
 spread far and wide, while those unable to afford the 
 time and means required for personal attendance at the 
 teaching of the University have their wants sensibly 
 aided and relieved. Ontario works on the maxim that 
 "if the student cannot go to the University, then, at 
 least in tlie earlier years of instruction, the University 
 will endeavour to go to the student." There is an 
 objection on the surface to all this. The work is so 
 costly that, however much it may be desired, it is im- 
 possible yet to experiment on similar lines in this 
 country. But, assuredly somewhere in this direction 
 lies one at least of the roads which will enable us to 
 place the higher education in some measure at the 
 disposal of those who are eager to eat of the fruits of 
 the land of promise, but for whom circumstances fatally 
 bar the door. 
 
 AMEEICAN EXPERIMENTS. 
 
 It is in America that the true collegiate idea has 
 received its highest development: There is nothing of 
 which she can be more justly proud than her University 
 system. Well founded is her boast of Harvard, of Yale, 
 of Columbia. But equal, perhaps more worthy still, is 
 her pride in the modern developments of Cornell and 
 the Universities of the West. One of the shining glories 
 of the United States — her University work — it is difficult 
 to speak of without finding an enthusiasm kindled 
 almost equal to her own. "The University in America," 
 writes Mr. P. Board, Under-Secretary for Education in 
 New South Wales, in his admirable report, presented to 
 the Legislative Assembly of that State, "stands inti- 
 mately related to the people. The son of the farmer 
 as well as of the city man looks forward to entering it." 
 "In some States the University is a public utility, as 
 »re the waterworks and post offices. The American 
 people act as if they believed in their Uiiivei-sities as 
 necessities." "In fact, the Universities fill such a 
 large part in the life of the people and come into such 
 close contact with the practical interests of the people 
 that they are felt to be indispensable. The American 
 University is the biggest expression of the American 
 ideal of democracy." It can almost be said that every 
 class of willing student is provided for; every subject 
 finds an instructor ; every method by which teaching 
 can be conveyed is enlisted in the public service. The 
 
 typical American who pays us a visit speaks with aston- 
 ishment of the fact that Western Australia possesses 
 no University. Mr. Franklin Matthews, of the Nev\ 
 York Sun," who accompanied the United States fleet on 
 tlieir recent visit to Australia, writes in reference to 
 the project of a University for Western Australia : — 
 "Whatever scheme you adopt the best thing you can 
 do is to get a University started. It would be the most 
 magnificent monument you could leave. The time is 
 opportune for a start at least. I hope if you do gat 
 one started along the Cornell lines you will let me 
 come down and help you give it a send-off. I am in- 
 tensely interested in the matter, and will be glad to do 
 all that I can to help." 
 
 It is impossible to estimate the scores of millions 
 sterling in lands and hard cash which have been placed 
 at the disposal of the American Universities within the 
 last fifty years, and this applies to both private founda- 
 tions and State institutions. But, of the two, the 
 State institutions are said to be distinctly outclassing 
 the privately-endowed. Of the State University, Mr. 
 Board tells us, "its field of investigation covers all of 
 the practical problems of the State, agricultural, in- 
 dustrial, political, social, and moral. It aims to be- 
 come the instrument of the State in its up-building." 
 Nor is money stinted. One of the latest and best ex- 
 amples, the State University of Wisconsin, receives a 
 sum annually nearly equal to one-seventh of the revenues 
 of the State. 
 
 CORRESPONDENCE STUDY. 
 
 Confronted by the same problem which Ontario is 
 endeavouring to solve through the elevation of certain 
 of her high schools, the State of Wisconsin is seeking a 
 solution of the same puzzle, but in a different direction. 
 The correspondence course of study, which has only just 
 been put in operation, strikes a new note in University 
 development. It is another instance of the University 
 reaching out its hands to help the country student. 
 It claims that "it adds to the resources of life, of educa- 
 tion, and of industry," that "it gives practical assistance 
 to the farmer and the mechanic, to the professional man 
 and the business man, to the employer and employee, 
 to teacher and student, to housekeeper and homemaker." 
 "The teaching is done by mail, and is personal and in 
 dividual. Every student studies and recites the whole 
 lesson, and comes in contact with the teacher as an 
 individual not as a member of a large class. The 
 method is simple to a degree. The correspondence 
 study department provides advanced courses designed 
 to help persons, graduates and others, in professional 
 or practical life to keep in touch with cei-tain advancing 
 conditions of science and knowledge." The experiment 
 is said to be a thorough success. 
 
 These two elaborations, the utilisation of the high 
 or superior Secondary School to bring advanced 
 instruction into the country districts, and the establish- 
 ment of the correspondence study department, which 
 carries University teaching directly into the home what- 
 ever may be the distance from the central and instructing 
 institution, are among the most important contributions 
 made in the last few years to the reformed science of 
 Unrversity education. The correspondence study de- 
 partment is a development of the ideal of Cornell as 
 a place whore "any peison may find instruction in any 
 study." Especially is this to be remarked by the man- 
 ner in which it has forced the practical and industrial 
 element to the front as subjects for University powers 
 and degrees. In our own arrangements for the future, 
 we cannot do much better when funds permit than keej) 
 a careful and appreciative eye on the wise conceptions 
 now being developed in Wisconsin and CorneD. 
 
35 
 
 As regards her schemes of University government, 
 every description is to be found on trial in America, 
 whether almost autocratic president or principal, noniiii- 
 I ated committee, State Minister, representative board 
 appointed wholly by graduates, or popular election. 
 The forms of control would require a report in them- 
 selves, and the time would hardly be lost which was 
 devoted to an explanation of the advantages of thn 
 presidential type of government. Possibly it may be 
 yet found that the nearer the merits of the head of 
 the executive in ihe Australian University lead him to 
 approximate in power, privileges, work and sense of 
 responsibility to the American collegiate president, if 
 he be the right man in the right place, the better it 
 may l)e to allow him continually larger powers of ad- 
 ministrative control. In any event, I hold the opinion 
 whatever system is adopted that any success a Western 
 Australian University may secure must be the result very 
 largely of the efforts of the executive head working of his 
 o vn initiative, but loyally assisted by the confidence of 
 his fellows 
 
 OUR OWN MODEL. 
 
 It seems impossible, however, in the face of ono 
 objection or another, to recommend the adoption in the 
 State of any one of the English or American schemes 
 of government to which reference has been made. They 
 would be at best experiments in this country, and, 
 while even pure experiment might bo justified if there 
 were no other model, there seems no sound reason for 
 Ignoring the lessons to be learned from a form which 
 has grown up in our midst, and which has weathered 
 the trying experiences of so many years. Certainly it 
 is better to see if something cannot be made of what 
 
 have ourselves in preference to an attempt to accli- 
 natise an exotic in design and working. The Austra- 
 lian type, such as exists in Melbourne, Adelaide, and 
 Hobart— and Sydney may be included though with 
 qualifications— has, with some decided improvements, 
 been lately accepted for the new University of Queens- 
 land. It has its weaknesses, but it also contains fea- 
 tures which distinctly commend it to approval, and 
 would seem to justify its adoption in the one State in 
 the Commonwealth as yet, though we may hope not for 
 long, unprovided with a University. The Australian 
 constitution is simplicity itself. The governing body 
 consists of two Chambers. In what may be called the 
 primary chamber all powers of administration are lodged, 
 and all legislation is initiated at its table. The secondary 
 chamber fulfils several functions. Among others it is 
 the constituency which elects to the primary chamber 
 and, except in Sydney, legislation depends upon its 
 acceptance by both bodies. The primary chamber holds 
 exclusive jurisdiction in matters of finance, in the fram- 
 ing and the carrying out of by-laws and regulations, 
 and generally in the conduct of the administration of 
 the University. Entrance is obtained into this, the 
 executive body, by election from tho other chamber, 
 which for the most part consists of graduates, sometimes 
 graduates of high rank. This form of government has 
 the merit of being simple, direct, effective, and well 
 defined. Such a constitution has done undoubtedly 
 good work, but the imperfections are obvious, and if 
 this is the pattern to be adopted these imperfectiorr= 
 must be guarded against. A body constituted as is the 
 
 secondary chamber is liable to become narrow-minded, 
 and experience has shown is prone to a cautious con- 
 servatism, as was clearly intended by the founders. 
 
 As was clearly intended by the founders, its eyes 
 naturally turn upon the conventions and practice of the 
 more venerable seats of learning. It must lack close con- 
 nection — it may lack sympathy — with the main body ot 
 the community. Its constitution is deficient in breadth 
 and flexibility, nor does it make a suflBcient appeal to 
 popular aspirations. On the contrary, there seems to 
 be a tendency to keep the doors closed against the 
 entrance of any such feeling. Is it a mistake to say 
 that in the inmost hearts of this constituency there 
 exists a belief that the less they hear of popular ideas 
 and movements the more in keeping is it with the true 
 University tradition 1 Spite of many liberalising acts and 
 reforms of later years it is still accused of being blind 
 to the swcip of the developmental forces that should 
 be at work within and without a national Universitj'. 
 The key of the position is the electoral Chamber. The 
 life, teaching, aims, and government will be such as this 
 body desires them to be. But is a close corporation 
 of graduates the best fitted to direct the chief of our 
 educational institutions into the new paths which lead 
 from the stored up treasures of the past to those await- 
 ing exploitation in the future 1 As Mr. Board asks : — 
 "Does the election of Senators by the alunmi not imply 
 that the alumni are the only persons interested in the 
 policy of the University ? Are the students of the past 
 the only persons so interested in what the University 
 does that they should hold a monopoly of electoral 
 rights 1" 
 
 In typical Melbourne the elector must be not merely 
 a graduate, but a graduate of the higher degrees. No 
 one under the rank of Master of Arts has a right to vote. 
 Such a constitution can be hardly intended to carry out 
 later University ideals. But the framework may well 
 be accepted with fitting modifications. Once this is 
 brojght into accord with popular needs, with its atten- 
 tion fixed in the first instance on the practical arts 
 and the applied sciences, as the primary puipose of its 
 mission, the Australian type, reformed and modernised, 
 may well give us the form of government that we desu-e 
 for a national University. 
 
 Before I conclude I ask leave to repeat once more 
 my personal conviction that the success of any University 
 established for this State will be dependent on its con- 
 forming to certain cpnditions. Its constitution must 
 be broad based and free from complexity of action. 
 Its internal organisation must be characteristic of the 
 State, and be in perfect sympathy with the national 
 demands. In its education, the foremost place must 
 be given to modem subjects and to practical work. I 
 trust there will be no iconoclasm discovered in all this. 
 Least of all is there any desire on my part to make light 
 of those ancient studies which have made splendid the 
 learning and teaching of centuries past. We want these 
 also, but they will occupy a less lofty stage. If the 
 old gods be dethroned they will not be dishonoured, but 
 the practical and useful must at all costs be provided for. 
 The rest may keep pace alongside or follow as occasion 
 allows. 
 
 J. W. HACKETT. 
 
 Perth, May, 1910. 
 
36 
 
 APPENDIX IV. 
 
 Information sought from Other Universities, 
 
 Note. — The Commission desires that Universities in 
 framing their replies will note the following points : — 
 
 (a) That when established this will be the only 
 University in the State of Western Australia, 
 the nearest being that of South Australia, over 
 1,000 miles away. 
 
 (b) That owing to limited funds at the disposal of 
 the Government, and the fact that there are 
 no private endowments, strict economy will be 
 necessary in the establishment of the Uni- 
 versity, so that in J;he beginning the number 
 of Faculties will probably have to be limited 
 to three or four. 
 
 1. In the light of your experience, what Faculties 
 would you suggest as essential at the outset without 
 regard to any local circumstances 1 
 
 2. At the commencement of your University what 
 Faculties were established, and what administrative 
 officers were appointed ? 
 
 3. What are the fees charged to each student of 
 each Faculty in each year? 
 
 4. What buildings did you find necessary at the 
 commencement, and what arrangement did you find 
 most satisfactory 1 
 
 5. Please give the following particulars in regard to 
 your University 1 — 
 
 (a) Initial capital expenditure on establishment. 
 
 (b) Income during first year of establishment from — 
 (i.) State aid. 
 
 (ii.) Fees from Students, 
 (iii.) Interest on endowments. 
 
 (c) Expenditure during the same period. 
 
 (d) Present annual income and expenditure. 
 
 6. What lands available for University and colle- 
 giate purposes are attached to your University? 
 
 7. Were they secured by grant from Government, 
 by purchase, or by private endowment? 
 
 8. What special advantages do you consider the 
 form of government in operation at your University 
 possesses 1 
 
 9. To what extent are students who are unable to 
 pay the ordinary fees assisted by — 
 
 (a) State aid, either in the way of scholarships, 
 or by other means. 
 
 (b) Private endowment? 
 
 10. What conditions of residence, if any exist in 
 the case of students, and is attendance at lectures com- 
 pulsory 1 
 
 11. What is the average professorial salary, and 
 what are the conditions of tenure, particularly from the 
 standpoint of whether the professors are allowed private 
 practice in any way, or are allowed to secure fees apart 
 from their appointment ? 
 
 12. What was the population of your State (or of 
 the district served) at the time of the establishment of 
 your University 1 
 
 13. Can you forward any literature that might assist 
 the Commission in discussing the general question of 
 the establishment of a University? 
 
 INFOKMATION SOUGHT FROM THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 Question 1. — In the light of your experience, what 
 faculties would you suggest as essential at the outset 
 without regard to local circumstances ? 
 
 Answer.-— A. First, ARTS. For the reason that 
 general culture is the first essential, and as no labora- 
 tory work is required there would be no large outlay 
 for apparatus, etc. 
 
 B. Secondly, if on the score of economy, LAW. 
 This course could be maintained with one Professor 
 assisted by practising Barristers in practical subjects. 
 Some of the students do not proceed to the degree 
 but only to a eertifleate in the more practical subjects 
 such as, The Law of Property, Law of Contracts, Law 
 of Wrongs, Law of Evidence and Procedure, and Con- 
 stitutional Law. This certificate qualifies them for 
 admission as Practitioners of the Supreme Court. 
 
 This is th3 least expensive school to maintain. 
 The Professorship of Law is an imendowed chair, and 
 students' fees meet about half the disbursements. 
 
 C It would probably be more advantageous to 
 legin with the Faculties of Arts and Science rather than 
 Law. For the following reasons : — 
 
 (a) Several subjects in the curricula might be 
 cbmmon to both degrees, e.g.. Physics, Mathe- 
 matics, and Chemistry. 
 
 (b) Professorial work would be conserved. 
 
 (c) The Technical School in Perth is affiliated with 
 
 the University of Adelaide, and tlie curri- 
 culum in Mathematics, Physics, and Chemis- 
 try, up to the Pass (not Honours) standard 
 for the B.Sc. degree is recognised. 
 
 (d) The School is equipped with laboratories and 
 apparatus so that much of the initial cost in 
 this direction would be avoided. 
 
 (e) The B.Sc. degree, with or without the course 
 in Applied Sdience (see Calendar, page 117) 
 would naturally suit the peculiar needs of a 
 community like Western Australia. 
 
 It may be a matter of surprise that so large a 
 number of women take the B.Sc. degree. Probably 
 this is to avoid Greek, which is not taught at many 
 girls' schools. 
 
 Provision should be made for the early establish- 
 ment of a Faculty of Medicine, and care should be taken 
 that women be admissible as early and as fully as men ; 
 in fact, women should be admitted as freely as men to 
 the various Faculties. 
 
 Question 2. — At the commencement of your Uni- 
 versity, what Faculties were established, and what 
 Administrative officers were appointed ? 
 
 Answer. — (a) The Faculty of Arts only. Then 
 Science, Law, Medicine, and Music, in the order named. 
 
37 
 
 (b)' A Council of twenty members, Chancellor, Vice- 
 incellor, and Registrar. 
 
 Question 3. — What are the fees charged to each 
 ident of each Faculty in each year? 
 
 Answer. — The fees vary so much that you are 
 respectfully referred to the University Calendar, pages 
 101, 105, 110, 111, 115, 116, 119-124, 128, 131, 135, 140, 
 141, 144, 147, 151, 150, 159, and 214. 
 
 Question 4. — What buildings did you find necJessary 
 at the commencement, and what arrangements did you 
 find most satisfactory? 
 
 Answer. — At first rooms were hired, as the teaching 
 was nearly all theoretical. When the University 
 buildings were erected provision was made for a Library 
 (which was also the Assembly Hall) for lecture rooms, 
 a Physical Laboratory, a Chemical Laboratory, Geolo- 
 gical and Botanical Museum, Council Room, Professors' 
 Common Room, and Registrar's Office. 
 
 This arrangement was perfectly satisfactory for 
 many years, until other Faculties were added and 
 students increased in numbers. It would have been 
 more economical and satisfactory if, at the beginning, 
 provision for expansion had been made. 
 
 Question 5.- Please give the following particulars 
 in regard to your University : — 
 
 (a) Initial capital expenditure on establishment, 
 commenced in hired rooms. Our first buildings were 
 erected at a cost of £26,091. The total cost of buildings 
 to date is £9-1,384. 
 
 (b) Income during first year of establishment 
 from — 
 
 (1) State Aid. 
 
 Answer. — Year 1876. Government subsidy of 5 per 
 cent, on endowments (see clause 15 Act of Incorpora- 
 tion, Calendar page 401), £2,400. Rent from lands 
 endowment by Government, £212 lis. 5d. 
 
 (2) Fees from students. 
 Answer.— £198 lis. 6d. 
 
 (3) Interest on endowments. 
 Answer.— £2,505 12s. Id. 
 
 (c) Expenditure during the same period. 
 
 » Answer.— £5,333. 
 (d) Present annual income and expenditure. 
 
 Answer.— Income for 1908, £21,963 19s. 5d. Expendi- 
 ture for 1908, £21,427 19s. 8d., vide Calendar pages 356 
 to 361. 
 
 Question. — What lands available for University and 
 collegiate purposes are attached to your University 1 
 
 Answer. — Five acres in the City for University 
 buildings. Fifty thousand acres of country lands for 
 revenue purposes. The latter have recently been re- 
 purchased by the Government. A sports ground of six 
 and a half acres of the City Park has since been secured 
 on lease. 
 
 If your University is going to have an endowment 
 of country lands it would be well to have some one 
 conversant with the management of such lands, upon 
 your Council. 
 
 A great mistake on the establishment of this Uni- 
 versity was parsimony in the land granted for carrying 
 it on. The five acres are barely sufficient for the 
 buildings required for the practical work of the Uni- 
 versity. No sports ground was provided, and this is 
 an essential requirement. There should also be .space 
 for residential colleges and houses for the Professors. 
 For these purposes a ground of 200 to 250 acres would 
 not be more than adequate. It is necessary to make 
 proper provision for future expansion. 
 
 Question 7. — Were they secured by grant from 
 Government, by purchase, or by private endowment? 
 
 Answer. — By grant from Government. 
 
 Question 8. — What special advantages do you con- 
 sider the form of government in operation at your 
 University possess ? 
 
 Answer.— The University is governed by a Council 
 consisting of 20 members. The members are elected 
 by the Senate. Professors of the University are eligible 
 for seats on the Council. Each member is elected for 
 three years, and on retirement is eligible for re-election. 
 The Senate consists of all graduates of the degree of 
 Master or Doctor, and of all other graduates of three 
 years' standing, including graduates "admitted ad 
 eundem gradum. 
 
 The Council is the administrative body, and is 
 advised by the several Faculties and Committees. No 
 Regulations or Statutes, or alterations in Regulations 
 or Statutes can be made without the approval of the 
 Senate. The Senate does not legislate, but only has 
 the power to veto, approve, or make recommendations 
 to the Council. 
 
 The form of government outlined above is considered 
 of special advantage for the following reasons : — 
 
 (a) Any citizen of good standing is eligible for 
 election to the Council, and need not neces- 
 sarily be a graduate. This provision enables 
 the Council to have the assistance and advice 
 of eminent men in the professions, and in 
 commerce and industry. 
 
 (b) The presence of Professors on the Council 
 brings the purely academic side of University 
 life under direct notice of the Council, and 
 makes intimate contact with the internal 
 administration possible. 
 
 (c) In addition to the Faculties, there is an Educa- 
 
 tion Committee, of which all the Professors 
 are members, together with certain members 
 of Council. 
 
 (d) The Senate's power of veto prevents experi- 
 mental legislation or unwise acts. The Senate 
 also controls the election of members of 
 Council, and therefore makes it its business 
 to see that reputable members   only are 
 returned. ' --'■':•'. 
 
 (e) No religious test is administered to any persbn 
 in order to entitle him to be admitted as a 
 student. 
 
 (f) Women are admitted a» students on an equality 
 
 with men, and have equal privileges..- jr.- q-.o--! 
 
 The liberal legislation of late years has had'^VKraibt 
 beneficial elTect upon the University. '•"■ ''■'^ 4'^'-j;i 
 
 Question 9. — To what extient are students who aire 
 unable to pay the ordinary fees assisted by : — 
 
 (a) State aid, either in the way of Scholarships 
 or by other means. 
 
 (b) Private endowment? 
 
 Answer. — (a) You are respectfully referred to the 
 following pages of the University Calendar — 
 245 to 248. 
 
 (b) Calendar pages 238 and 322. 
 
 There are a number of other Scholarships and Prizes, 
 but they are not exclusively for students who cannot 
 otherwise pay fees. 
 
 Question 10. — What conditions of residencte, if any, 
 exist in the case of students, and is attendance   -at 
 lectures compulsory 1 
 
 Answer. — For reply to the first part of the question 
 please refer to page 401 of the Calendar. The Uni- 
 versity, however, has no affiliated colleges. 
 
38 
 
 .,, , Yes. Attendance at lectures is compulsory, but 
 tHe Council have power to grant, under exceptional 
 circumstances, dispensation from attendance. The 
 Council generally grants exemption from attendance at 
 lectures if withholding it would prevent the student 
 from continuing to earn a livelihood, or if distance 
 makes attendance impracticable. The Council never 
 grants exemption to students living in States where 
 a University is already established so as to avoid intru- 
 sion upon a ten-itoiy for which a University is provided. 
 
 Question 11.— "WTiat is the average professorial 
 salajy, and what are the conditions of tenure, particu- 
 larly from the standpoint of whether the professors are 
 allowed private practice in any way, or are allowed to 
 secure fees apart from their appointment 1 
 
 .: :An8wer.^a) At present the standard salary is £600 
 a year on appointment and £700 a year after 
 five years' tenure of office. 
 ^ (hi) Conditions of tenure. In the first instance 
 
 "   for a term of five years. Subsequently an 
 
 appointment runs on subject to six months' 
 notice on either side expiring on the 31st 
 December in any year. 
 Originally the salaries were £1,000 a year. Until 
 recently each Professor was required, under the terms 
 of his appointment, to examine candidates in his own 
 subject in the Public Examinations, without fee. 
 ...\..: „(e) No Professor, except with the special permis- 
 , "• '   sion of the Council, is allowed to have private 
 practice, or to earn lees. This does not 
 apply to Lecturers. The Professors of 
 Anatomy and Physiology are permitted to act 
 as Consulting Surgeons. 
 Question 12.— What was the population of your State 
 (or of the district served) at the time of the establish 
 ment of your University? 
 
 Answer. — The first academical year was 1876. The 
 •population of the State was 225,677, and of the City of 
 Adelaide 31,573, or, including the suburbs, about 80,000. 
 Question 13.— Can you forward any literature that 
 !might assist the Commission in discussing the general 
 question ol the establishment of a University? 
 
 Answer. — Yes. A copy of the University Calendar. 
 Please refer to the Preface and also to the Letters 
 jPatent, page 395 ; the Act of Incorporation, page 397 ; 
 'jthe. Statutes, pages 70 to 97, and the Begulations of 
 degree courses, pages 98 to 159. 
 
 An Adt of Incorporation would be sufiicient for local 
 purposes, but it is all important to have a Royal 
 Charter. With a Charter the degrees would be recog- 
 nised as academic distinctions and rewards of merit, 
 and be entitled to rank as fully as if the degrees had 
 been granted by any other University in the British 
 Dominions. 
 
 *rr' ' ' CHA8. B. HODGE, Registrar. 
 
 July 14th, 1909. 
 
 ADDENDA. 
 
 The Chancellor. 
 
 The Chancellor regards the Arts Course as essential 
 
 to the existence of the University. Without an Arts 
 
 Course the institution would only be a School of Law, 
 
 'Medicine, or Science. The establishment of these 
 
 courses is a question of demand and of funds. The Law 
 
 Course can be established at the lowest cost, as in 
 
 most places competent Lecturers can be obtained, 
 
 though it is imperative to have a Professor at the head 
 
 of eadh School. The Law Course, in the Chancelloi > 
 opinion, is as deserving of endowment as Science p: 
 Medicine. 
 
 The Vice-Chancellor. 
 
 Law. — There is no doubt that students in Law are 
 immensely benefited. The Faculty of Law in Adelaide 
 has done for its votaries vei-y much more than impart 
 law to them. The whole status of the Profession has 
 been raised, not only in point of learning, but in point 
 of social standing. Now-a-days, the Profession consists 
 almost entirely of gentlemen in the true sense of the 
 word, and these are often cultured men as well as 
 learned in law. 
 
 Divinity. — Power should be obtained to confer 
 degrees in Divinity. If based on the system in Trinity 
 College, Dublin, much opposition will be disarmed. So 
 unsectarian are the Divinity degrees there that a 
 Mohammedan can take one. 
 
 The Council. — There is in the University Act a 
 curious provision to the effect that, in the Council, 
 there shall not at any one time be more tlian four 
 ministers of religion. I think that the fewer clergymen 
 there are in the Council the better, but consider the 
 prohibition is unwise. Constitute wisely the body 
 which is to elect the Executive Council, and then trust 
 to the discretion of the electors, but do not place one 
 entire profession under a ban. Make sure that a 
 goodly proportion of the Council will be business men. 
 
 Buildings. — Consider well, before building, what 
 character of buildings shall be erected. Do not expend 
 too much money on erecting handsome buildings while, 
 in order to afford beauty, the want of funds compels the 
 curtailment of accommodation for Staff and Students. 
 Build as part of a whole upon plans providing for many 
 and larger buildings than you can afford to erect at 
 once. Let your plans be so comprehensive as to 
 prefigure one homogeneous building or group of budd- 
 ings, of which you will at first build only a part. They 
 should be pladed as near as can be to the centre of the 
 City, in order that access to them may be easy. Even- 
 ing lectures require that only short distances should be 
 traversed in order to reach the buildings. Also as the 
 University grows, public lectures are sure to be deliv- 
 ered. The University should certainly provide public 
 lectures as well as lectures for students only. Large 
 audiences will not assemble if the University is situated 
 in some distant suburb. 
 
 CHAS. R. HODGE, Registrar. 
 
 Note.— The term " Council " in the University of 
 Adelaide corresponds to "Senate" in the Western 
 Australia Draft Bill. 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY. 
 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 
 
 1. The Faculty of Arts, including the Ancient 
 Classics, Mathematics, Modern Literature, Philosophy, 
 and the various branches of Natural and Physical 
 Science. 
 
 2. The University of Sydney commenced with the 
 Faculty of Arts. 
 
 Professorships were established in Classics (Latin, 
 Greek, and Logic), Mathematics, and Chemistry and 
 Experimental Physics, and Lectureships were soon after- 
 wards established in Modern Literature, Philosophy, etc. 
 
 A Registrar was appointed who acted as Secretary 
 of the Senate, and generally as administrative officer 
 under the Chancellor and Vice-Chancellor, 
 
39 
 
 3. In the Faculty of Arts, First Year £18 IBs., 
 second and third years £15 15s. 
 
 In the Faculty of Law £25 4s. a year. 
 
 In the Faculty of Medicine, first, fourth and fifth 
 years £25 4s., second and third years £28 7s. 
 
 In the Faculty of Science £22 Is. for eadh year. 
 
 In the Department of Engineering £28 7s. for each 
 year. 
 
 4. The University of Sydney at first occupied a 
 building previously erected by a private company called 
 the Sydney College, which had been used as a Grammar 
 School. That building is at present occupied as the 
 Sydney Grammar School. 
 
 Some eight years after its establishment the Uni- 
 versity was moved into the present main building, 
 which had been erected on ground granted for the 
 purpose in accordance with plans specially prepared. 
 These provided for lecture rooms and Professors' private 
 rooms and offices, as well as for a residence for the 
 Principal, but not for practical laboratory work, which 
 was at that time not considered an essential part of 
 the University course. Laboratories for practical work 
 have since been erected on separate sites on the Uni- 
 versity grounds. No residence is provided except for 
 caretakers. 
 
 5. (a) In 1853 an Act was passed to provide a build- 
 ing fund of £50,(X)0 for the erection of the University, 
 and a sum of £100,000 was added shortly afterwards. 
 
 (b) (i) £5,000 
 
 (ii) A very small amount. 
 
 (iii) There were no private endowments in the first 
 year. 
 
 (c) The Government endowment of the first year 
 was expended chiefly in preliminary expenses, 
 
 ^ and in the purchase of books to form a founda- 
 
 " tion of the University library. 
 
 (d) About £49,000, including the income on private 
 
 benefactions which are held upon trust for 
 specific purposes such as scholarships, prizes, 
 etc. 
 
 6. A grant was made by the Government of about 
 140 acres for University and College purposes. This 
 was to provide for the erection of suitable University 
 buildings, and also for the erection of residential col- 
 leges connected with various religious denominations. 
 One portion of it has also been used as a site for the 
 Prince Alfred Hospital, whieh is the main training 
 hospital for the University medical students. 
 
 7. By grant from the Government. 
 
 8. The government of the University is vested in 
 a Senate consisting of 16 members, elected by the 
 graduates for life, and not fewer than three nor more 
 than six ex-officio members who are Professors of the 
 University in such branches of learning as the Senate 
 from time to time by by-law selects. The subjects 
 selected are the subjects of the Chairs of the Deans 
 of the several Faculties of Arts, Law, Medicine, and 
 Sciende. 
 
 The Chancellor is elected by the Senate for a term 
 of three years, and is the Chief Officer of the University. 
 The Vice-chancellor is elected for a period of one 
 year. 
 
 9. (a) The State grants annually twelve bursaries, 
 consisting of payments to the Bursar of sums 
 varying from £20 to £50 a year according to 
 their place of residende, to enable them to 
 graduate in Arts or in Science. These are 
 tenable for three years, and the University 
 gives remission of fees to the Government 
 bursars. 
 
 The University also grants remission of fetw 
 independently of these bursaries to deserving 
 students who show that their financial circum- 
 stances are such as to preclude their attend- 
 ance without some such concession. 
 
 (b) The University awards eighteen bursaries of 
 sums varying from £20 to £50 per annum 
 with remission of fees in the Faculties of Arts 
 and Scieace, all established by private bene 
 faction. 
 There are also thirty scholarships for which 
 students may compete, and which are awarded 
 without reference to financial needs. 
 
 10. Attendance at lectures is necessary. 
 Students are at liberty to reside in their own homes, 
 
 or in one of the affiliated colleges, or in lodgings at 
 their option. 
 
 11. The appointments of Professors of late years 
 have been made on the following conditions : — 
 
 A Professor receives a salary at the rate of £900 
 per year, and has the right to retire with a pension, 
 at the rate of £400 a year, after twenty years' service, 
 provided that he shall also have attained the age of 
 fifty years ; and provided also that he shall have given 
 six months' notice of his intention to retire, such notice 
 to terminate on the 31st of December. The tenure of 
 office is during good beha^'iour subject to the following 
 limitations: — 
 
 (a) If the Professor shall become, in the opinion 
 of the Senate, incapacitated for performing 
 the duties of his office, the Senate shall be 
 at liberty to appoint a substitute pro tempore, 
 who shall be paid from the Professor's emolu- 
 ments, or to dispense with his services, in 
 which latter case the Professor, if not coming 
 under the provisions of Section 5, will receive 
 such an allowance as the Senate may think 
 proper. 
 
 (b) The Senate shall have an absolute right to 
 determine the Professor's occupation of office, 
 without cause shown, after he shall have 
 attained the age of sixty years, and to place 
 him upon the pension list. 
 
 (c) The Senate shall have power to remove the 
 Professor from his office for misconduct. Such 
 removal will involve forfeiture or reduction of 
 pension at the discretion of the Senate. 
 
 If the Professor shall be removed from office after 
 having served for twenty years, and having attained 
 the age of fifty years, but before attaining the age of 
 sixty years, for incapacity or any cause not involving 
 misconduct, he shall be entitled to his full pension. 
 
 The Professor shall not have power to sell, assign, 
 or commute his pension in any way. Such pension shall, 
 at the option of the Senate cease to be payable in the 
 event of its becoming vested in any other person than 
 the pensioner. 
 
 The Professor shall not be entitled to any partici- 
 pation in the lecture fees. 
 
 Except with the consent of the Senate, the Professor 
 shall not be allowed to engage in private tuition or 
 practice, or in any profession or business. He will not 
 be allowed under any circumstances to enter either 
 House of Parliament, whether State or Federal. 
 
 Before appointment the candidate shall provide a 
 Medical Certificate certifying to his physical fitness. 
 
 12. About 200,000. 
 
 13. A copy of a short Historical Account of the 
 University of Sydney is sent with this jje'ply. 
 
40 
 
 ANSWERS BY THE UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA 
 TO QUESTIONS OF ROYAL COMMISSION, 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. 
 
 1. It is suggested that the first Faculties to be 
 considered should be : — 
 
 (a) Letters. 
 
 This Faculty in the Universit}' of Tasmania is pre- 
 sided over by the Professor of Classics and English 
 Language and Literature, who has an assistant Lecturer 
 in Latin, but the latter also takes some of the History 
 teaching. There is also a Lecturer in French and 
 German. 
 
 (b) Science. 
 
 The Tasmanian staff consists of the Professor of 
 Mathematics and Physics, a Lecturer in Physics, who 
 also gives teaching in Mechanical Engineering, Applied 
 Mechanics and Mechanical Drawing, a Lecturer in 
 Chemistry and Geology, a Lecturer in Surveying, and 
 a Lecturer in Biology. A Chair in Mining Engineering 
 was established, but had to be discontinued on the 
 ground of expense. The subjects of Mechanical En- 
 gineering, Applied Mechanics, Mechanical Drawing and 
 Surveying were then added to the Science Course as 
 optional subjects, so as to enable students to do work 
 in Tasma.nia which will give them the status in Mel- 
 bourne and Sydney of third year students in the 
 Engineering Schools of those Universities. Advantage 
 is being taken of this method, and students are now 
 completing their Engineering Course both in Melbourne 
 and Sydney after taking their Degree in Science in 
 Tasmania. 
 
 If it is not possible to establish a Faculty of En- 
 gineering in Western Australia at present, the establish 
 ment of a Faculty of Science (in which subjects of both 
 Pure and Applied Science are included) is recommended 
 as enabling students to complete part of their course 
 in Engineering at home before going elsewhere to finish 
 their training. 
 
 Attention is called to the Universities of Leeds and 
 Birmingham, in which there is no Faculty of Engineer- 
 ing, but a full course in this subject may be taken for 
 a degree in Science, no degree in Engineering being 
 given ; also the McGill University in Canada, where 
 the same practice obtains. 
 
 The advantage of having a course in Biology haw 
 been before the University of Tasmania for some time, 
 but it has not been possible to establish a lectureship 
 until this year. It is now possible for students in 
 Medicine to complete the fii-st year of that coui-se in 
 Hobart before proceeding to Melbourne or Sydney. 
 
 (c) Engineering. 
 
 This Faculty would appear to be desirable, if not 
 necessai-y, in the special local conditions of West Aus- 
 tralia, but, if sufficient funds are not available, the 
 dourse suggested above for Science is found workable 
 and not unsatisfactory. Before this Faculty is estab- 
 lished very full inquiry is recommended as to capital 
 expenditure and annual cost. 
 
 (d) Law. 
 
 It is a matter for discussion whether Modern History 
 should be included in this Faculty or in that of Letters, 
 but if included in this Faculty one Professor will he 
 physically unable to cover all the ground in both sub- 
 jects, and assistance will be required in one department 
 or the other. 
 
 2. Act of Parliament of the Colony, which was 
 passed on 5th December, 1889, and came into force on 
 1st January, 1890, established a University to consist 
 of a Council of 18 members (nine to be elected by the 
 Senate and nine by both Houses of Parliament). Council 
 
 held first meeting in February, 1890, and appointed a 
 Riegistrar in May. 
 
 In May, 1890, statutes drafted by University CouneiJ 
 and passed by the Governor in Council provided for 
 a "Board of Degrees and Qualifications" consisting oi 
 five of its members with the Vice-Chancellor as member 
 ex-officio, its functions being to prepare schemes fur 
 exams, and report to Council on qualifications of persons 
 applying for admission ad eundem gradum, or to mem- 
 bership of Senate. 
 
 In December, 1891, Statutes and Regulations were 
 issued providing for Courses and Details respectively 
 for Degrees of : — 
 
 Bachelor of Arts, and 
 Bachelor of Science. 
 
 In December, 1892, a First Examination for the 
 Degree of B.A. was held under four Examiners of the 
 Melbourne University Staff, in the absence of provision 
 of teaching staff (Tas.). 
 
 In January, 1893, three Lecturers were appointed in 
 
 (1) Classics and English Literature. 
 
 (2) Mathematics and Physics. 
 
 (3) Law and Modern History. 
 
 with a salary of £500 p. a. each, and fees for acting as 
 Examiners at "Pubhc" and "Degree" Examinations. 
 In May, 1893, were issued : — 
 
 Regulations of the Degree of Bachelor of Laws. 
 In February, 1894, the Statute of "The Board of 
 Degrees and Qualifications" was repealed, and the fol- 
 lowing new statutes passed : — 
 Of the Board of Lecturers, 
 Of the Faculties : — 
 of Letters, Science, and Laws. 
 In December, 1895, the Lecturers were appointed 
 Professors (the salaries and allowances remaining the 
 same) and the "Board of Lecturers" became the "Pro- 
 fessorial Board." Consequently the Instructors m 
 Chemistry, Mathematics, and Modern Languages became 
 Lecturers. , 
 
 3. See Section of Regulations of Terms and Lectures 
 appended. 
 
 4. The University of Tasmania is located in a build- 
 ing erected sixty years ago for a Grammar School, and 
 quite unsuitable for modern educational requirements. 
 A great part of the building was designed for residences 
 for a Warden and Sub-Warden and for accommodation 
 for boarders. A sum of five hundred and fifty pounds 
 had to be spent on the building to fit it, as far as 
 possible, for teaching purposes, and a laboratory for 
 teaching Mathematical Physics was erected at a cost 
 of £850. Since that date a Chemical Laboratory has 
 been built, and a Biological Laboratory is in course of 
 erection, to cost, with fittings, etc., £1,050; accommoda- 
 tion for Geological work is also urgently needed. Whrn 
 a decision has been arrived at as to what Faculties are 
 to be established at present and in the comparatively 
 near future, it is recommended that designs be invited 
 for a complete range of buildings which may be erected 
 as circumstances permit. The University of Tasmania 
 was advised that chemical and biological laboratories 
 should be detached from. the main building. 
 
 5. (a) Initial capital expenditure was exceptionally 
 small owing to the fact that, in consideration of a 
 grant of five acres of land adjoining the Queen's Domain, 
 Hobart, for the purpose of establishing "The High 
 School of Hobart Town," its Council agreed that, in the 
 event of the institution from any cause being dissolved 
 or ceasing to exist, the land and buildings should revert 
 to the Government of the Colony for the purposes for 
 which the Institution was formed and established. 
 
41 
 
 The land and buildings having been by Govemmenl 
 vested in the University in December, 1892, the onij 
 expenditure incuired in order to stait teaching in 189:J 
 was, m round numbers, £1,100, for repairs and alter;! 
 tions to the existing school buildings and the eoiistiuc- 
 tion of a Physical Laboratory and fittings, etc. ^£850), 
 
 A Chemical Laboratory was done without until 1904-. 
 the Technical School Laboratory having been made 
 available for Univeisity classes in the day time. The 
 cost of the Chemical Laboratory buildings was £650, 
 and the fittings £180. 
 
 (b) (i) £3,000 less £1,200 payable for old Tas 
 manian Scholarships, i.e., £l,800, plus balance 
 in hand, from previous years' savings, £2,900 
 Total £4,700. 
 
 (ii) £254. 
 
 (iii) £125 interest on part of above balance, 
 £4,628. 
 
 (c) £750, University Scholarships and Exhibitions. 
 £1,899, Teaching, including Extension Lectures. 
 £l,44o, Building repairs, alterations, and con- 
 struction. 
 
 £288, Exams, and Prizes. 
 £275, Sundry expenses. 
 Total, £4,628. 
 
 (d) Income— 1907, £5,030 15s. Id. ; 1908, £5,749 Is. 
 
 5d. (including £500 special grant for building 
 repairs and new drainage works). Expentli 
 ture 1907, £4,947 19s.; 1908, £5,494 Is. (in- 
 cluding £430 13s. 6d. against special Building 
 Grant). 
 
 6. Five acres, see answer 5. 
 
 7. From Government, see answer 5. 
 
 b. The constitution of the University Council differs 
 from that of any other University in the Commonwealth 
 in that one half of the members are elected by the State 
 Parliament. The history of this peculiar feature of its 
 constitution is that it was introduced into the Bill to 
 ensure its passage through the Legislature, but it is 
 not recommended for adoption. Its result has been 
 to connect the University more closely with politics 
 than is desirable. Attention is called to the Final 
 Report of the Royal Commission on the University of 
 Melbourne, page 16, as to providing for the inclusion in 
 the governing body, or in the Faculties, of prominent 
 men of the community, whether graduates or not, whose 
 special knowledge may be of value, but no suggestion 
 can be offered as to the method of election. 
 
 Care should be given to the question of the eligibility 
 of members of the teaching staff for seats on the govern- 
 ing body. 
 
 In Tasmania the Professors are eligible, but the 
 Lecturers are not. There is a wide divergence of 
 opinion on the subject, and in a small University the 
 desirableness or otherwise may largely depend on the 
 
 al equation of the Professor or Professors w.i 
 have, or are likely to have, seats. 
 
 The constitution of "The Board of Studies" in 
 Tasmania is found to be very satisfactory. The fact 
 of some members of the governing body being joined 
 with the teaching staff on this Board is of assistance 
 to both, not only in discussion and deliberation but, 
 also in the final discussion and action by the govemint' 
 boJy on reports submitted to it by the Board. 
 
 It is most strongly urged that on the foundation of 
 the University of West Australia provision should be 
 made of a capital sum tor developments over and above 
 the sum set apart for building. No sucti sum was 
 provided in Tasmania, and consequently any sum 
 required for capital expenditure, e.g., equipment in 
 laboratories, provision of a library, etc., has to be 
 accumulated by slow savings from a small grant. This 
 has hampered the University greatly. 
 
 It is equally stiongly urged that the State endow- 
 ment should be provided by the setting apart of a 
 capital sum to be vested Ln the University beyond 
 political control. In Tasmania the endowment is an 
 annual grant, which was for seven years persistently 
 ^.J^acked in Parliament, and reduced by special legis- 
 lation. 
 
 Attention should also be given to the question of 
 University Exhibitions (Regulations p. 53 of Calendar) 
 and University Scholarships (p. 54). These in Tasmania 
 involve an expenditure trom the endowment (£4,000) ol 
 a sum of £gOO or £700 a yeax. If such Exhibitions an J 
 Scholarships are founded in West Australia they should 
 not—though properly managed by the University— be 
 provided out of University funds. 
 
 9. (a) Not at all. (b) Not at all. 
 
 There are, however, competitive Scholarships awarded 
 annually by the Council, namely, a "First" Scholarship 
 of £25 a year- and a "Second" Scholarship of £15 to 
 the students standing first and second respectively in 
 each of two lists, one for the "'Langu£ige and Literary" 
 subjects and one for the "'Mathematical and Science" 
 subjects of the University Matriculation Examination. 
 Each scholarship is tenable for thi-ee years, requiring 
 therefore a provision in the estimates of £240 for 
 Scholarships only. Besides this, should any scholar's 
 home be at a greater distance from the University than 
 live miles, a boardiug allowance of £25 p.a., or annual 
 travelling allowance is granted at the discretion of the 
 Council. 
 
 There are also the following competitive scholar- 
 ships:— "'VV. R. Giblin Memorial Scholarship," £15 p.a., 
 awardable every third year; "Tasmanian Operative 
 Lodge" Scholarship, £15 p.a., awardable every third 
 year. 
 
 10. The University is non-residential. 
 
 Attendance at lectures is only compulsory for 
 students taking the course for the LL.B. degree. 
 
 11. £500 salary plus exam, fees; average of three 
 years: Classics, £60. Mathematics, £37. Law, £21. 
 
 Private practice to supplement income barred by 
 terms of agreement. 
 
 The Professor in Law, however, has permission to 
 practise," but it has never been availed of. 
 
 12. The Census Returns for 1891, the year following 
 the establishment of the University, gave population of 
 Hobart 24,905, Launceston 17,208, Newtown 2,288. Only 
 11 towns had more than 1,000, but less than 2,000. 
 
 Total population of Colony : —1891, 146,667: 1901, 
 172,475. 
 
 Note.— The term "Council" in the University of Tas- 
 mania .corresponds to "Senate" in the Western Austra 
 lian Draft Bill. 
 
42 
 
 APPENDIX V. 
 
 UNIVERSITIES. 
 
 The following report has been contributed by the 
 Right Rev. Bishop Riley to the proceedings of the Com- 
 mission : — 
 
 REPORT OF THE RT. RiEV. THE BISHOP OF 
 PERTH. 
 
 When 1 was at home in 1908 I visited the following 
 Universities: Cambridge, Manchester, Liverpool, and 
 Birmingham, and I have pleasure in giving a report of 
 what appear to be the features most interesting to us 
 in Western Australia at each University. 
 
 Cambridge has wonderfully developed during the 
 last 30 years, since I took my degree. I use the word 
 "developed" advisedly, for in my opinion Cambridge; 
 always has been modern, as far as any particular period 
 was concerned. In addition to its being a seal of 
 ancient learning, Cambridge has been long a medical 
 school, and for years has taught pure and applied 
 science. 
 
 There has been a mineralogical museum since 1841. 
 A new engineering laboratory and mechanical workshop 
 was erected in 1894, and a new chemical laboratory in 
 1887. The Cavendish Laboratory, in which every facil 
 ity is furnished for the prosecution of physical research. 
 was the munificent gift of the seventh Duke of Devon- 
 shire. The latest addition to the teaching departments 
 is that of Agricultural Science. It will be useful to 
 us to know what branches of study are included in this 
 department. They are : — Botany, Chemistry, Physics 
 and Mechanics, Geology, Agriculture, Physiology and 
 Uygiene, Entomology, Engineering, Surveying, Forestry, 
 and Bookkeeping, all with special reference to agri- 
 culture. In addition to these opportunities for study, 
 there are lectures in Sanitary Science, Tropical Medi- 
 cine, and Education. 
 
 Oxford and Cambridge have done much to spread 
 the advantages of the Universities all over England in 
 three ways : — 
 
 (1) By holding local examinations in many centres. 
 This has been done for more than 50 years. 
 
 (2) By giving courses of University extension lectures 
 also in many centres. This has been done b.v Cam- 
 bridge for 37 years. Last year the number of students 
 attending the courses was more than 14,000. Examina- 
 tions are held after the completion of each course, and 
 certificates are given to those who pass. 
 
 (3) By holding summer meetings., In 1908 the meet- 
 ing was held at Cambridge, and consisted of two sessions 
 of a fortnight each. There were 676 students attending.', 
 many of them teachers, working men, and, stiange to 
 say, a goodly number of foreigners. I had the honour 
 of preaching to a large gathering of these students at 
 the University Church. The effects of this "extension" 
 work is no doubt to be seen in the establislrment of so 
 many Universities in the Old Country during the la.'?t 
 few years. Englishmen have at length learned the ad- 
 vantages which come from advanced learning, and have 
 determined that their children shall have such ad- 
 vantages. 
 
 This "modernising" of ancient Universities does not 
 please everyone, for Lord Rosebery is reported to have 
 said that it was "no use putting new wine into old bot- 
 tles." 
 
 Unfortunately this spirit actuates the Senate of the 
 University of Cambridge, for, although women are per- 
 mitted to reside and "keep terms" and enter for the 
 same examinations as the men, and, moreover, take very 
 high places in these examinations, they are not per- 
 mitted to take a degree. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER. 
 
 History. — Owens College, Manchester, was founded 
 by the will of a Manchester merchant, John Owens, who 
 died in 1846 leaving £96,000 for the foundation of a col- 
 lege. It began its existence in a modest building in 
 Quay Street, with a staff of five professors and two lec- 
 turers. The first Principal was a distinguished man of 
 letters, Dr. A. J. Scott. The staff included Dr. Edward 
 Frankland, Professor Williamson, and shortly afterwards 
 Sir Henry Roscoe, the great chemist. The college was 
 reorganised under two Acts of Parliament in 1870 and 
 1871. In 1873 it was removed to its present site in 
 Oxford Road. In 1875 steps were taken to form a Uni- 
 versity called the Victoria University, consisting of col- 
 leges in various noi^:hern towns. Owens College was to 
 be the first college, and the seat of the University was 
 to be at Manchester. The charter was granted in 1880. 
 University College, Liverpool, was admitted in 1884, 
 and the Yorkshire College, Leeds, in 1887. In 1903 
 three Universities were formed out of the original 
 Manchester University— Liverpool, Leeds, and Manches- 
 ter. 
 
 Special Features. — The small beginning and the great 
 development into three Universities. The splendid 
 workshops and appliances in the Applied Science De- 
 partment. The great facilities given for advanced studies 
 and for scientific research for students who have taken 
 their degrees. Fees are charged for matriculation, for 
 courses of lectures, for examination, and for degrees. 
 
 The following are the faculties in which teaching is 
 given: — Arts, Science, Law, Music, Commerce, Theo- 
 logy, Medicine, Dental Department, Technology, De- 
 partment of Education, Pharmaceutical Department, 
 Public Health Department, Engineering Department, 
 Mining Department, School of Architecture. Advanced 
 studies in the faculties of Arts, Science, and Technology. 
 
 BIRMINGHAM. 
 Birmingham is the place where I was bom, so 
 naturally I was interested to spend some time there 
 looking over the University. The University is really 
 the outcome of the Mason Science College, which was 
 built and endowed by Sir Josiah Mason, a wealthy 
 Birmingham manufacturer, in 1880. 
 
 Sir Josiah was evidently in grea, Iread of religious 
 difficulties, so he made definite statements that no 
 creed or dogma was to be taught in the college, but 
 that science teaching should be the first consideration. 
 He was, however, persuaded to allow literature and 
 foreign languages to be included in the cun-iculum. 
 
43 
 
 In 1892 the Medical School was absorbed by the 
 Mason College, thus the first step towards a real Uni- 
 versity was taken. 
 
 For the establishment of the University, Birming- 
 ham owes very much to the Right Hon. Joseph Cham- 
 berlain for his untiring efforts and his personal inspira- 
 tion. 
 
 It IS only about twelve years since the inhabitants 
 of the Midlands seriously considered the idea of a 
 local University, and since that time more than £500,000 
 has been subscribed towards the scheme. A charter 
 was granted by the Crown in 1900. 
 
 From its inception the ideal of the University has 
 been that it should be especially prepared to thoroughly 
 educate the leaders of local industrial undertakings 
 (for the rank and file of the industrial army the Tech- 
 nical School was already in existence). This accounts 
 for the prominence given in its syllabus to utilitarian 
 subjects. The study of the humanities is included as 
 at other Universities, but. while at Birmingham a broad 
 in fact a University — education in any subject is ob- 
 tainable, it certainly specialises in Applied Science and 
 Commerce. 
 
 1 give a list of the numbers of students attending 
 the various lectures in 1907. (These do not include the 
 medical students who numbered 170): — 
 
 Mathematics 305 Latin 146 
 
 i'hysics 190 Greek 13 
 
 Chemistry 162 English 256 
 
 Metallurgy 56 Spanish 7 
 
 Zoology 31 Philosophy 50 
 
 Botany 43 French 218 
 
 Physiology (non- German 94 
 
 historical) 5 Italian 3 
 
 Geology and Geo- History 259 
 
 graphy 140 Education 129 
 
 Engineering 200 Commerce 30 
 
 Mining 43 Accounting 43 
 
 Brewing 16 Commercial Law. 2 
 
 Bacteriology (non- 
 medical) 3 
 
 These figures show conclusively that, although a Uni- 
 versity should specialise in those sciences which are 
 more necessary for the place in which it exists, yet it 
 cannot afford to neglect, nor has it in fact any right 
 to neglect the demands of those who wish to obtain, 
 often in addition to scientific knowledge, a general 
 education in the humanities. 
 
 The University buildings have been erected on a 
 site of 25 acres, situated about three miles from tho 
 centre of the city. The income is derived chiefly from 
 (1) Endowments £7,518 
 
 (2) Government grant 11,000 
 
 (3) Local authorities, City of Birmingham 
 
 id. rate 6,049 
 
 County Councils 1,000 
 
 (4) Fees 14,320 
 
 (5) For tra'ning of teachers 2,167 
 
 (6) Fees for work, done in bacteriological 
 departments from public departments 
 
 and medical practitioners 1,255 
 
 The special feature at the University which inter- 
 t^d me most was the Mining Department. There is 
 111 experimental coal mine occupying an acre of ground, 
 u here mining is thoroughly taught. 
 
 Its scheme of instruction in this department is so 
 langed as to nie^t the requirements of those who in 
 tend to become 
 
 (1) Practising and consulting engineers. 
 
 (2) Teachers of mining. 
 
 (3) Colliery managers. 
 
 (4) Managers of metal mines. 
 
 (5) Mining furveyors. 
 
 LIVERPOOL. 
 
 The University of Liverpool began its career as a 
 
 University College in 1881, in 1884 it became part of the 
 Victoria University at Manchester, and in 1904 Liverpool 
 College was separated from Owens College Manchester 
 and became the University of Liverpool. The College 
 began its work in January 1881 with seven endowed 
 professorships and three lectureships, chiefly the gifts 
 of prominent citizens. 
 
 The Endowed Professorships were : — 
 
 1. Modem Literature. 
 
 2. Science pure 
 
 3. Science applied-technology (chemistry). 
 
 4. Philosophy. 
 
 5. Natural History. 
 
 6. Classics. 
 
 7. Art. 
 
 It has attracted men of high distinction to be its 
 professors. Through the kindness of the well known 
 Professor, Sir Rupert Boyce, I had the opportunity of 
 inspecting the buildings, and had the advantage of meet- 
 ing many of the Professors, and gaining from them much 
 valuable information. The chief characteristics of the 
 University appeared to me to be — 
 
 1. The avowed object. "While it has always as- 
 
 serted the value of a broad and sympathetic 
 culture, it has never forgotten that its function 
 is to train its students, both men and women, 
 for the practical work of life in the community 
 which it was established to serve," 
 
 2. The connection with the City. The city looks 
 
 upon the University as part of the city life. It 
 provided a valuable site and gives large sums 
 every year in subsidies and scholarships. All 
 scientific work of the Health Department is done 
 in the University. 
 The Professor of Hygiene is the Medical Officer 
 
 Health. 
 The Professor of Pathology is Bacteriologist lo 
 
 the Municipality. • 
 
 The Professor of Chemistry is one of the City 
 
 Analysts. 
 The Professor of Engineering is Chairman of the 
 
 new Municipal Technical School. 
 
 3. The provision of teaching in the nwo branches 
 
 of technology most requisite for such a centre 
 
 of business is Liverpool. 
 
 (a) Liverpool is a commercial centre, therefore 
 one of the principle schools, established was 
 the School of Commerce, 
 (b) Liverpool is one of the greatest shipping 
 ports of the world, and is in communication 
 with every quarter, so there has been estab- 
 lished a SchooJ of Tropical Medicine, which 
 is already renowned. It also has a Marine 
 Biological Laboratory. 
 
 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS. 
 I would venture to sum up my observations thus : — 
 A modem University must take colour from its en- 
 vironment. "It must," in the words of Mr. Chamber- 
 la n. "not only be a school of general culture, but it 
 must also practically assist the prosperity and welfare 
 of the district in which it is s'.tuated by the exceptional 
 
44 
 
 attention which it would give to the teaching of science kinds, a Tropical School of Medicine comes to the front 
 
 in connection with its application to local industries naturally. So in Western Australia, considering that 
 
 and manufactures." Cambridge developed the teaching f'ur chiel sources of prosperity are mining and agri 
 
 of agriculture because agriculture had been almost cultura (including viniculture and forestry) we too should 
 
 ruined in the Eastern Counties chiefly through want of ive "a Holiool of General Culture," and give exceptional 
 
 scientific knowledge. Manchester made a feature of attention to the Departments of Agriculture and Mining, 
 commerce and textile manufactures. Birmingham of 
 
 mining and mechanical engineering, being the centre of '^'^^ method of government m these four Universities 
 
 a raining district and the "chief town of iron and steel '.^ ^" intricate and cumbersome that there is nothinj< 
 
 manufactures. Liverpool developed like Manchester, *°'" "^ ^ '^am excepting what to avoid, 
 and, in addition, considering that she is one of the 
 
 great ports of the world liable to infection of .^11 (Sgd.) C.O.L., PEBTH. 
 
45 
 
 APPENDIX VI. 
 
 Report by Dr. J. W. Smith on the University ot London. 
 
 The University of London is chieiiy mteiesting to 
 us as heing in its origin wholly, and even now almos'. 
 wholly, a parliamentary institution. It has no land, and, 
 at its coiiiraencenient, had no private endowments. It 
 lived at first on a parliamentary grant of £8,00() a yea,-, 
 and even yet from Parliament receives no more. 
 
 The first Senate, its executive body, was of neces- 
 sity comprised solely of Crown nominees. It had to 
 wait some years before it had a large body of graduate.'* 
 by whose election a certain proportion of vacancies in 
 ilie Senate were filled up. The chief lesson of its con 
 stitutional history to us is the gradual admission to the 
 Senate; of members elected by the Convocation of 
 Graduates and, later on, by the appointments made by 
 public bodies, such as the Inns of Court, the Law 
 Society, the London hospitals and colleges, and the 
 Corporation of London. We in Perth may look for 
 wartl to a similar development. 
 
 On most of the questions which we have addressed 
 to the several Universities, London can give us little 
 aid. It requires no land, it cannot estimate the incomes 
 of its appointed teachers, who are mostly on the staffs 
 of colleges, nor can it tell us what are the students' fees 
 for teaching paid to these colleges. The external stu- 
 dents may, except in medicine and surgery, pick up their 
 learning as they please and may or may not belong 
 to some college beyond the thirty-mile radius which is 
 prescribed for the Internal Students. All that the 
 University can tell us about fees concerns its own fees ; 
 fees paid for examination. These range from £'2 for 
 matriculation to £5 for intermediate examinations, £Si 
 and £6 for Bachelor's examinations ranging to as high 
 as £20 for stjme of the Uoctoi-s. 
 
 To us the University is chiefly instructive in regard 
 to its constitution and machinery. The governing body 
 is the Senate which consists of the Chancellor, t'lic 
 Cluiirman of Convocation, and 54 other persons who 
 are not necessarily graduates. 
 
 Of these 54 members, 16 are elected by the graduates 
 in Convocation, and 16 by the members of the 8 Facul- 
 ties, 18 by various public bodies such as the Inns >t 
 Court and the College of Physicians, and 4 are ap- 
 pointed by the King in Council. 
 
 The 8 Faculties are Theology, Arts, Law, Music, 
 Medicine, Science, Engineering, and Economics. The 
 memljers of the Faculties are the teachers of the Uni- 
 versity, and each Faculty elects its own Dean. 
 
 The Convocation consists of graduates of three 
 years standing. In addition to the right of electina; 
 Senators, the Convocation may accept, with the consent 
 of the Senat«, any new or supplemental charter, and 
 
 may consent to the surrender of a charter, and may dis- 
 cuss any matter i elating to the University, and declare 
 its opinion thereon to tlie Senate. Tlie convocation 
 has also the right to appeal to the Privy Council against 
 any constitutional changes adopted by the Senate. 
 
 The "teachers of the University" are chiefly drawn 
 fiom the professors and other teachers of the "Schools 
 of the University " and of other institutions having re- 
 cognised teachers. 
 
 The Scliools include. University College, King's Col- 
 lege, other colleges for special subjects, such as Divinity, 
 and the jjondon Hospitals. There are some tiiirty in- 
 stitutions having recognised teachers. 
 
 The particulars above set out will, however, fail to 
 give an idea of the way in which the work of the Uni- 
 versity is done, without reference to the "Academic 
 Council'' and the "Council for External Students." 
 
 The Academic Council consists of the Chancellor, 
 the Vice-Chancellor, and the 16 Senators who are ap- 
 pointed by the 8 Faculties, and a member or members 
 elected by the Senate to make the number up to 20. It 
 is from this Council that the Senate invites and receives 
 reports as to the courses of study of the "Internal Stu- 
 dents," that is, of the matriculated students of the Un-.- 
 versity who belong to colleges recognised by the Uni- 
 versity and situated within a thirty-mile radius from the 
 University Building. This Council also reports on the 
 admission of institutions as "Schools of the University,'' 
 the appointment of examiners, the regiilation of the 
 examinations, the recognition of teachers of the colleges 
 within the radius as "teachers of the University," the 
 allocation of funds for teaching equipments, the pay- 
 ment of teachers, and some other matters. 
 
 The "Council for External Students" reports to the 
 Senate on matters relating to the studies and the ex- 
 amination of External Students, and consists of 28 mem- 
 bers, 16 of whom are elected by Convocation, the body 
 which is expressly charged with the protection of the 
 interests of these students, who are very numerous. The 
 class "External Students" consists of all matriculated 
 students of the University who pursue their studies out- 
 side the thirty mile radius above mentioned. Many of 
 them belong to colleges situated beyond the radius, and 
 others pick up their learning as they can — a very meritor- 
 ious class and deserving of every encouragement. 
 
 This distinction is pointed out Vjecause, without it, • 
 the machinery of the University of London as now con 
 stituted cannot be understood, and also because, in a 
 land of long distances like 'Western Australia, if we have 
 a University established here we may be compelled, in 
 a few years' time, to take count of "the external 
 student." 
 
APPENDIX Vn. 
 
 DRAFT OF A 
 
 BILL 
 
 FOR 
 
 AN ACT to Establish, Incorporate, and Endow 
 the University of Western Australia. 
 
 WHEREAS of the States of the Commonwealth Western Aus- 
 tralia alone is unprovided with a University: 
 
 And whereas it is desirable that provision should be made for 
 further instruction in those practical arts and liberal studies 
 5 which are needed to advance the prosperity and welfare of the 
 peoi>Ie : 
 
 And whecejis it is desirable that special encouragement and 
 assistance should be afforded those who may be hindered in the 
 acquisition of sound knowledge and useful learning by lack of 
 10 opportunity or means : 
 
 And whereas for these purjjoses it is expedient to incorporate 
 and endow a University within the State of Western Australia, 
 
 Be it therefore enacted by the King's Most Excellent Majesty, 
 by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council and 
 i5 Legislative Assembly of Western Australia, in this present Par- 
 liament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows : — 
 
 Preliminary. 
 
 1. This Act may be cited as the University of Western Aus- short title. 
 tralia Act, 1910. 
 
 20 2. In this Act. unless the context otherwise indicates, the fol- interpretation, 
 lowing terms have the meanings set against them respectively: — 
 
 " University" 
 
2 
 
 "University" — The University of Western Australia consti- 
 tuted under the authority of this Act ; 
 
 "Senate" — The Senate of the University; 
 "Convocation" — Convocation of the University. 
 "Statutes" — Statutes of the University made under the auth- 5 
 ority of this Act. 
 
 The University of 
 Western Australia. 
 
 The University to 
 consist of Senate, 
 Convocation, and 
 members. 
 
 The governing 
 authority. 
 
 Establishment of the University. 
 
 3. There shall be from henceforth for ever in the State of 
 Western Australia a University to be called "The University of 
 Western Australia" with such Faculties as the Statutes of the 10 
 University may from time to time prescribe. 
 
 4. Tlie University shall consist of a Senate, Convocation, and 
 graduate and imdergraduate members : 
 
 Provided that luitil Convocation is constituted, the University 
 shall consist of a Senate and the members for the time being: 15 
 
 Provided also that on the appointment of the first members of 
 the Senate the University shall be lawfully constituted for the 
 purposes of this Act. 
 
 5. The governing authority of the University shall consist 
 of the Senate and Convocation: 20 
 
 Provided that until Convocation is constituted the governing 
 authoritv of the University shall consist of the Senate only. 
 
 Incorporation. 
 
 Visitor. 
 
 The Senate. 
 
 6. The University shall be a body corporate, with perpetual 
 succession and a common seal, and shall under its name be capable 
 in law of suing and being sued, and of taking, purchasing, holding, 25 
 and alienating all real and personal property whatsoever, whether 
 the same is situated in Western Australia or elsewhere, and of 
 doing and suffering all such acts and things as bodies corporate 
 may by law do and suffer. 
 
 Visitor. 
 
 7. The Governor of the State of Western Australia shall be 
 the Visitor of the University, and shall have authority to do all 
 things which appertain to Visitors as often as to him shall seem 
 meet. 
 
 Senate. 
 
 8. (1.) The Senate shall consist of eighteen persons appointed 
 or elected as hereinafter provided. 
 
 (2.) No person who holds any salaried office in the 
 University as a dean of faculty, professor, lecturer, or 
 examiner shall, on that account only, be incapable of being ap- 
 pointed 
 
 30 
 
 35 
 
 40 
 
pointed or elected or of acting as a member of the Senate, but the 
 number of such officers in the Senate at the same time shall not 
 exceed three. 
 
 (3.) No person who is a Principal of any Secondary, Con- 
 5 tinuation, or Technical School, or School of Mines, or similar 
 educational institution, or is a teacher engaged therein siiall on 
 that account only be incapable of being appointed or elected, or 
 of acting as a member of the Senate, but the number of such per-, 
 sons in the Senate at the same time shall not exceed two. 
 
 10 9. (1.) The first members of the Senate shall be apjjointed bv Appointment of 
 the Governor within six months after the passing of tliis Act. " ^''* "'embers. 
 
 (2.) The names of the persons so appointed shall be pub- 
 lished in the Government Gazette. 
 
 (3.) All the members of the Senate so appointed shall re- 
 
 15 main in office until after the first election of members of the 
 
 Senate to be held on the first Tuesday in March next after the 
 
 date of the constitution of Convocation, or upon such hiter date 
 
 in that month as the Senate may appoint. 
 
 (4.) A vacancy which arises in the Senate at any time prior 
 20 to the last mentioned date shall forthwith be filled by the appoint- 
 ment of a member by the Governor, and every such appointment 
 shall be published in the Government Gazette. 
 
 10. (1.) After the constitution of Convocation the members of Election and ap- 
 the Senate shall be elected and appointed in manner following, pointment of mcm- 
 25 and subject to this Act shall hold office for six years. tution of *'°"* ' 
 
 (2.) As soon as conveniently may be after the constitution 
 of Convocation, and before the first Tuesday in March next there- 
 after the Governor, by notification in the Government GazeUte, 
 shall — 
 
 30 (a.) divide the members of the Senate into six groups, each 
 
 grou]i consisting of three members, and 
 (b.) declare that the meml)ers of one of such groups shall 
 
 go out of office on the said first Tuesday in March, and 
 
 that the members of the remaining groups shall respec- 
 oe tively go out of office by such groups at the first, second, 
 
 third, fourth, and fifth annual election of members of 
 
 the Senate in the next ensuing years. 
 
 (3.) On or before the first Tuesday in March next after the 
 constitution of Convocation and thereafter on or before the first 
 40 Tuesday in March in every year, the Governor shall appoint one 
 person to be a member of the Senate. 
 
 (4.) On the first Tuesday in March next after the constitu- 
 tion of Convocation, or upon such later date in tliat month as the 
 Senate may appoint, and thereafter on the first Tuesday in March 
 
 in 
 
 Convocation. 
 
in every year, or upon sucli later date in that month as the Senate 
 may appoint, Convocatioi! sliall elect two pei'sonw to be niembers of 
 the Senate. 
 
 (5.) At every election held after the tirst appointed mem- 
 bers have gone out of office l)y groups as aforesaid, two elective 5 
 members and one appointtnl uieinber of tJie Senate sliall go out of 
 office by rotation. The members who shall go out of office shall 
 respectively be the elective oi- appointed nieml)ers who have been 
 longest in office without re-election or reappointment. 
 
 (6.) Every member of the Senate going out of office at an 10 
 annual election shall retain his office until the appointment of a 
 member in his place, or imtil the members elected at such election 
 are declared duly elected, as the case may be, and shall thereupon, 
 imless he is reappointed or re-elected, go out of office. 
 
 (7.) Elections of members of the Senate shall be conducted 15 
 by ballot (including postal ballot) in accordance with the Statutes. 
 
 Uisqualifications. H. No perSOn wllO — 
 
 (a.) Is not of the full age of twenty-one years ; 
 
 (b.) Is an undischarged bankrupt; or 
 
 (c.) Has his affairs under liquidation by arrangement with 20 
 his creditors; or 
 
 (d.) Has been convicted of an offence and sentenced to im- 
 prisonment, unless lie has received a free pardon or has 
 undergone the sentence passed upon him; or 
 
 (e.) Is an insane person or patient within the meaning of 25 
 the laws in force for the time being relating to lunacy; 
 shall be capable of being or continuing a member of the Senate. 
 
 Ohaneellor and 
 Pro-Chancellor. 
 
 Appointment of 
 officers and man- 
 agement of 
 affairs. 
 
 Chancellor and Pro-Chancellor. 
 
 12. At its first meeting held after the date of its constitution, 
 and thereafter at its first meeting held after the first Tuesday 30 
 in March in every year, the Senate shall elect two of its members 
 
 to be respectively Chancellor and Pro-Chancellor of the Univer- 
 sity. 
 
 Powers of Senate. 
 
 13. Subject to this Act and the Statutes, the Senate may from 35 
 time to time appoint deans, i)rofessors, lecturers, examiners, and 
 other officers and servants of the University, and shall have the 
 entire control and management of the affairs and concerns of the 
 University, and may act in all matters concerning the University 
 
 in such manner as appeals to it b"st calculated to promote the in- 40 
 terests of the University. 
 
 14. 
 
14. Tlie Senate shall have the ooiitn^l and management of all control and man- 
 real and personal i)ro[)erty at any time vested in or acquired by ag«"nent of pro- 
 tlie University; and may set out roads, streets, and open ^spaces, s*?e^i904 No. 6 
 and erect and maintain buildinjijs up<m and otherwise imjirove any «• 6. 
 land or other i)ropeity as in their absolute discretion they may 
 think fit. and may ajjply any trust funds of the University to any 
 such purposes. 
 
 See 1904, No. U, 
 7. 
 
 15. The Senate, in tlie name and on behalf of the University, power to leas. 
 may grant leases of any lands veste<l in the University for any la""^ 
 
 10 term not exceeding twenty-one years, and, with the approval of 
 the Governor, but not othei-wise, may grant building leases for any 
 term not exceeding ninety-nine years, and may, with the like ap- 
 ])roval, mortgage sncli lands. 
 
 16. The Senate, in the name and on behalf of the University, p^^er to dispose 
 15 may dispose of any real or i)ersonal i)ro])erty acquired by gift, of land acquired 
 
 devise, or bequest as they may think fit, subject only to the express / ^' *' '^*';' 
 trusts of any deed, will, or instrument imder which such property s. 8. ' 
 
 is acquired. 
 
 Convocation. 
 
 '20 17. (1.) Convocation shall consist of— Convocation. 
 
 (a.) All members and )>ast members of the Senate; 
 
 (b.) All graduates of the University of the degree of Master 
 or Doctor; 
 
 (c.) All other graduates of the University of three years' 
 26 standing ; 
 
 (d.) All graduates of other Universities of three years' stand- 
 ing who have been admitted to degrees in the Univer- 
 sity, provided that the standing of such graduate shall 
 be I'eckoned fi'om the date of his graduation in such 
 OA other University; 
 
 (e.) Such fellows, members, licentiates, and associates of 
 Colleges or Institutions outside the State, duly author- 
 ised to grant degrees, diplomas, licenses, or certificates 
 as shall under the statutes be admitted to be members 
 35 of Convocation. 
 
 (f.) The representative for the time being of any commercial, 
 industrial, .scientific, or educational society, institution, 
 or association within the State having not fewer than 
 fifty (wild fide members, and which makes an annual 
 ^Q contribution to the University of not less than ten 
 
 pounds, and has made such contribution for two years 
 immediately preceding that for which the said I'epre- 
 sentative claims to be a]ipointed; provided that such 
 
 representative 
 
 ^ 
 
6 
 
 representative shall be appointed by the members of 
 such society, institution or association, and shall hold 
 , office for one year, but shall be eligible for reappoint- 
 ment, 
 (g.) All individual persons who have made any gift or dona- 
 tion, whether by instalments or otherwise, to the Uni- 
 versity amounting in money or value in the aggregate 
 to not less than one hundred pounds, 
 (h.) The duly appointed representative of the Guild of Under- 
 graduates. 
 (2.) Until Convocation is constituted the Senate shall 
 cause to be kept a roll of all persons who are entitled to become 
 members of Convocation, and thereafter shall cause to be kept a 
 roll of all members of Convocation. 
 
 (3.) When the number of persons so enrolled amoimts to 
 sixty, the Senate shall report the fact to the Governor. 
 
 The report shall be published in the Government Gazette, and 
 Convocation shall be deemed to be constituted on the date of such 
 publication, and its first meeting shall be convened by the Vice- 
 Chancellor, and shall be held within sixty days thereafter. 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 20 
 
 The Warden. 
 
 Uesignation. 
 
 Vacancies. 
 
 or 
 
 (c.) Upon death or resignation. 
 
 30 
 
 Warden. 
 
 18. Convocation shall at its first meeting held after the date of 
 its constitution, and thereafter at its first meeting held after the 
 first Tuesday in March in every year, elect one of its members to 
 
 be its Warden. 26 
 
 Vacancies. 
 
 19. (1.) A member of the Senate may resign his office by 
 writing under his hand addressed to the Chancellor. 
 
 (2.) The Chancellor or Pro-Chancellor may resign his office 
 by writing under his hand, addressed to the Pro-Chancellor or 
 Chancellor, as the case may be. 
 
 (3.) The Warden of Convocation may resign his office by 
 writing under his hand, addressed to the Chancellor. 
 
 (4.) Every such resignation shall be complete, and shall take 
 effect from the time when it is received at the office of the Univer- 
 sity. 
 
 20. The office of member of the Senate shall be vacated— 
 (a.) If he is or has become disqualified under the provisions 
 
 of this Act ; or 
 (b.) If, without leave obtained from the Senate in that bc^Z, 
 he has been absent from all meetings of the Senate 
 held during a consecutive period of at least six months ; 
 
 35 
 
 40 
 
 31. 
 
21. Any vacancy which occurs in the office of Chancellor, Pro- Vacancy in office 
 Chancellor or Warden from any cause whatsoever, except annual pro-chanceiio'r or 
 I'etireraent, shall he filled as it occurs, l)y election, and if any such Warden— how 
 vacancy is not so filled within three months after it occurred, then *''' 
 
 ;j it shall be filled by the Governor by the appointment of some quali- 
 fied person to the office. 
 
 22. After the date of the constitution of Convocation any Vacancy after 
 vacancy which occurs in the Senate, from any cause whatsoever, ctmvocation— how 
 except annual retirement, shall be filled in the case of an appointed filled. 
 
 10 member by the appointment by the Governor of another member, 
 or in the case of an elected member by the election by Convocation 
 of another member, and if in the latter case any such vacancy is 
 not so filled within three months after it occurred, then it shall be 
 filled by the Governor by the appointment of a member. 
 
 15 Upon the occurrence of a vacancy to which this section ap- 
 
 plies, the person appointed or elected to fill such vacancy shall be 
 deemed to have been appointed or elected at the same time as the 
 per.son whom he succeeds in office. 
 
 23. Nothing herein contained shall prevent any person from Ee-appointment. 
 20 being immediately, or at any time, re-appointed or re-elected to 
 
 the office of Chancellor, Pro-Chancellor, Warden, or member of 
 the Senate, if he is capable for the time being, under the provisions 
 of this Act, of holding such office. 
 
 Proceedings. 
 
 25 24. (1.) At every meeting of the Senate the Chancellor, or in chairman, 
 his absence, the Pro-Chancellor, .shall, except as hereinafter ))ro- 
 vided, preside as chainnan. 
 
 (2.) At every meeting of Convocation the Warden shall, 
 except as hereinafter provided, preside as chairman. 
 
 30 (3-) In the absence of the Chancellor and Pro-Chancellor 
 
 the members of the Senate present, and in the absence of the 
 Warden the members of Convocation present, shall elect a chair- 
 man of the meeting. 
 
 25. No business shall be transacted at any meeting of the Quorum. 
 35 Senate unless eight members, or of Convocation unless twenty- 
 five members, are present. 
 
 _-. No proceedings of the Senate or Convocation, or of any Proceedings not 
 committee thereof, or of any person acting as member or as Chan 
 cellor or Pro-Chancellor or Warden, shall be invalidated by reason stanees 
 40 of any defect in the appointment or of any disqualification of any 
 such person or by reason of there being any vacancy in the number 
 of members of the Senate at the time of .such proceedings. 
 
 Vice- Chancellor. 
 
 invalidated in 
 
 certain circum- 
 
8 
 
 The Vice-chan- 
 cellor. 
 
 The Guild of 
 Undergraduaics. 
 
 Instruction, de- 
 grees, etc. 
 
 Vice-Chancellor. 
 
 27. (1.) At the first meeting of the Senate held after the pass- 
 ing of this Act or as soon thereafter as may be possible the Senate 
 shall proceed to appoint a Vice-Chancellor, who shall, subject to 
 the statutes, hold office for a period not exceeding ten years, but 5 
 who shall be eligible for re-appointment for such further period 
 
 as the Senate may deem fit. 
 
 (2.) The Vice-Chancellor sliall be the executive officer of 
 the University, and shall })ossess such powers and perform such 
 duties q,s may by statute bo prescribed. 10 
 
 (3.) Tlie A'ice-Cliancellor may be present at any meeting of 
 the Seriate or Convocation, and shall have the right to speak there- 
 at, but .shall not be entitled to vote. 
 
 (inild of Undergraduates. 
 
 28. (1.) There shall be a Guild of Undergraduates. 15 
 (2.) Subject to the conditions of membership prescribed by 
 
 Statute, all undei-graduate students of the University shall be 
 members of tiie (Juild. 
 
 (.3.) The Guild shall be an organised association of such 
 undergraduates for the furthering of their common interests, and 20 
 shall be the recognised means of communication between the 
 undergraduates and the governing authority of the University in 
 accordance with such Statutes as the governing authority may pre- 
 scribe. 
 
 Instruction, Degrees, Examination. '35 
 
 29. Subject to this Act and the Statutes tlie Senate may cause 
 instruction to be given to students, whether matriculated or not^ 
 and may grant degrees, diplomas, and certificates, in any branch 
 of knowledge in which degrees, diplomas, and certificates are 
 granted in the United Kingdom, and may also confer honorary 30 
 degrees or o-ther distinctions on approved persons : 
 
 Provided that all degrees and other distinctions shall be con- 
 ferred and held subject to any provisions which may be made in 
 reference thereto by the Statutes. 
 
 Examination*. 30. (1.) Subject to this x\ct and the Statutes the Senate may 35 
 
 cause public examinations to be held for testing the proficiency of 
 such candidates as may present themselves for examination in any 
 branch or branches of knowledge, and may grant certificates of 
 proficiency to candidates who successfully jiass such examinations. 
 
 (2.) When any public authority is empowered by law to 40 
 require any person to submit to an examination as to his pro- 
 ficiency in any branch or branches of knowledge, or to ])roduce 
 evidence of such proficiency as a condition of obtaining any 
 
 appointment 
 
9 
 
 i 
 
 appointment or any scholarship, or other reward of merit, «>r of 
 being admitted to any profession, calliniif, or office, the GovA-nor 
 may re(iuire tlie Senate to undertai<e the examinations of ]iepsons 
 desiring to submit themselves for examination in such branqh or 
 branches of knowledge, and the Senate shall cause such ex 
 atioTi^ 1(1 1)-' li(>Id a'V'ordingly. 
 
 m- 
 
 l 
 
 ■- % 
 
 Statutes. V 
 
 ,.. 31. (1.) The governing authority may from time to time'inaKe, 
 
 alter, and repeal Statutes with respect to all or any of the fWlqw- 
 
 10 ing matters, that is to say — ' ^ 
 
 (a.) The management, good government, and disciplii^ejof 
 the University; 
 
 ( b. ) The use and custody of the common seal ; 
 
 (c.) The admission as raembei's of Convocation of anv fcfc^Avs, 
 
 • • • * \ 
 
 15 members, licentiates, or associates of Colleges o/.- In- 
 
 stitutions outside the State duly authorised to graj ^ de- 
 grees, diyjlomas, licenses, or certificates ; 
 
 (d.) The method of election of members of the Senate by Con- 
 vocation; t—s 
 
 20 (e.) The manner and time of convening, holding, and adjourn- 
 
 ing the meetings of the Senate and Convocation; the 
 method of voting at such meetings; the powers and 
 duties of the Chairman thereof; the conduct and re- 
 cord of the business; the appointment of Committees 
 
 25 of the Senate and Convocation, and the quorum, powers, 
 
 and duties of such Committees ; 
 
 (f.) The tenure of office, stipend, and powers and duties of 
 the Vice-Chancellor ; 
 
 (g.) The number, stii)end, manner of appointment and dis- 
 ;^Q missal of deans, professors, lecturers, examiners, and 
 
 other officers and servants of the University; 
 
 (h.) The matriculation of students; 
 
 (i.) The times, phices, and manner of holding lectures, classes, 
 and examinations, and the number and character of 
 35 such lectures, classes, and examinations; 
 
 (j.) The promotion and extension of University teaching; 
 
 (k.) The granting of degrees, diplomas, certificates, and 
 honours ; 
 
 (1.) The conditions upon which degrees, diplomas, certificates, 
 40 and honours may be granted to non-resident students; 
 
 (m.) The granting of fellowships, scholarships, exhibitions, 
 bursaries, and prizes ; 
 
 (n.) 
 
 Power to make 
 Statutes. 
 
16 
 
 ^.) The admission of students of other Universities to any 
 *' corresponding status or of graduates of other llniver- 
 
 ' sities to any corresponding degree or diploma without 
 
 examination ; 
 i\}.) The admission to any degree of any woman who lias in 5 
 any University passed such examinations as persons 
 admitted to a corresponding degree in such University 
 would be required to pass, if such University does not, 
 or at the time of passing the examinations did not, grant 
 ; degrees to women ; 10 
 
 (p,) the fees, if any, to ba paid for examinations, for the 
 , granting of degrees, diplomas, and certificates, and for 
 
 attendance at the lectures and classes of the Univer- 
 
 5 « sity ; 
 
 (J.) The establishment, management, and control of libraries 15. 
 and museums in connection with the University; 
 
 v^.) The licensing and supervision of boarding-houses in- 
 tended for the reception of students, and the suspen- 
 sion or revocation of such licenses ; 
 
 i(if5.) The affiliation to or connection with the University of 20 
 any College, whether incorporated or not, or any Edu- 
 ' cational Establishment wheresoever situated, to which 
 the governing body of such College or Educational 
 Establishment may consent, and the fees payable there- 
 on; 25 
 
 ("t "t Providing for a scheme of superannuation for the sal- 
 aried teachers and officers upon retirement. 
 
 (u.) The control and investment of the property of the Uni- 
 versity ; 
 
 h ' rii   Guild of undergraduates, and the condition of mem- 30 
 bership ; 
 
 (w.) Academical costume'; and 
 
 (x.) Generally all other matters not inconsistent with the pro- 
 visions of this Act. 
 
 (2.) The draft of every proposed statute as passed by the 35 
 Senate shall be submitted to Convocation for its consideration, 
 and if Convocation does not within three months thereafter dis- 
 allow the same, such statute shall be deemed to be approved. 
 
 (3.) Within the time aforesaid Convocation may amend 
 any such proposed statute and return the same as amended to the 40 
 Senate for its consideration, whereupon, if the Senate agrees to 
 such amendment, such statute as amended shall be deemed to be 
 approved. 
 
 (4.) Save as aforesaid no proposed statute shall be deemed 
 to be approved. 46 
 
 (5.) 
 
iX 
 
 (5.) Convocation shall have uo power to originate 
 statute. 
 
 (6.) Until Convocation is constituted, the draft of c 
 statute proposed to be made by the Senate shall be publislic 
 3 ♦^he Government Gazette at least one month before it is fin 
 adopted an 1 approved by the Senate. 
 
 32. (1.) Every statute when ai>proved shall be sealed wi 
 common seal, and shall be transmitted by the Chancellor fo 
 approval of the Governor, and upon being so approved sh;i. 
 
 10 published in the Government Gazette, and shall thereupon 
 the force of law. 
 
 (2.) Copies of every such statute shall be laid before 
 liament forthwith, if then sitting, and if not then sitting, w ' 
 fourteen days after the commencement of the next en- 
 15 session. 
 
 If either House of Parliament within the next subsci] 
 thirty days resolves that any such statute ought to be annul Ic 
 whole or in part, such statute or part thereof shall, after the > 
 of such resolution, be of no effect, without prejudice to the vali 
 $JQ of anything done in the meantime under the provisions of 
 statute. 
 
 (3.) The production of a co])y of a statute under the 
 mon seal, or of the Goi>ernment Gazette, containing a qo\> 
 tlie same, shall, in all proceedings, be sufficient evidence ol 
 26 statute. 
 
 Affiliated Institutions. 
 
 33. Tt shall be lawful for the governing authority ol 
 University to make statutes upon such terms, conditions, and 
 ment of fees as the said governing authority may deem fit f( > 
 
 30 affiliation to or connection with the said University of any en 
 or educational establishment to which the governing body of 
 college or educational establishment may consent, and for 
 licensing and supervision of boarding-hoxises intended for lli 
 ception of students and the revocation of such licenses: 
 
 35 Provided always that no such statutes shall affect the i   
 
 ous observances or regulations enforced in such colleges or c 
 tional establishments or boarding-houses. 
 
 Endoivment and Revenue. 
 
 34. (1.) By way of permanent endowment, the Governor 
 40 grant or demise to the University such lands of the Crown a 
 
 may think fit. 
 
i^ 
 
 and personal property, whatsoever at the com- 
 
 .\.t vested in "Tlie Trustees of the University 
 
 i>y force of this Act, and without any convey- 
 
 -..signment, vest in and become tlie property of 
 
 9 shall be charged or levied upon any property 
 ity; but the benefit of such exemption shall 
 r person who may become the owner of any 
 ■h property, whether as purchaser, lessee, or 
 hstandiug such exemption, such property |q 
 the same is leased or occupied for any pri- 
 
 There shall be paid to the Senate out of the Consolidated 
 nit less than thirteen thousand five hundred 
 i.> ,11 every y;ur ?or the purpose of defraying the charges and 15 
 Ises connect- ■! vnth the establishment, management, and 
 <)1 of the U y. 
 
 )r()visions of 1' 
 1e solelv f: 
 
 ^ther moneys received by the Senate under 
 Act or otherwise shall be applied by the 
 arposes of the University. 30 
 
 General Provisions. 
 
 ' No religious lest shall be administered to any person in 
 ;-to entitle him lu 1)8 admitted as a student of the University, 
 /hold office thrrciri, or to graduate thereat, or to enjoy any 
 It, advantage, r '"•ivilege thereof. 25 
 
 The provisiui'- this Act, and all the benefits, advantages, 
 irivi)f>?,'es of iUi' ( Diversity, shall extend to women equally 
 
 Sen a I 
 
 and 
 
 alio 
 
 any 
 Sen; 
 such 
 appi 
 
 to bi 
 
 The Senate >^ba' 
 'niversity > ^ 
 a proceedings 
 xeport shall < 
 
 and expewjitur 
 
 , within three months from the close of 
 icember transmit to the Governor a report 
 University during the previous year, and 
 1 a true and detailed account of the in- 
 of the University during such period. 
 
 30 
 
 ;ed in such manner as the Governor may direct. 
 
 k copy of ever 
 irl lament. 
 
 . Th. ..•■,."•■' 
 '' is iii')ci)\ I 
 name are di • 
 '»iivers(ty '' 
 
 •t) to accoui 
 
 leb trusts. 
 
 1 report shall be laid before both Houses 35 
 
 !• I L the "Trustees of the University Endow- 
 
 M;i\ed, and the trustees incorj^orated under 
 
 lariced from the trusts imposed upon them by 
 
 nt Act, 1904, except as regards any obli- 40 
 ■)rt in respect of the past administration 
 
 If'BBn. Wm. EJIMPHON, Oovemment Hriotep Perth. 
 
1