THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES
 
 De. Arne, by Dunkarton. 
 
 Frontispiece,
 
 DR. ARN E 
 
 AND 
 
 RULE, BRITANNIA 
 
 BY 
 
 WILLIAM HAYMAN CUMMINGS, 
 
 Mus. Doc, F.S.A., Hon. R.A.M. 
 Author of "The Origin and History of 'God Save the King.'" 
 
 London: NOVELLO AND COMPANY, Limited. 
 New York: THE H. W. GRAY CO., Sole Agents iok U.S.A. 
 
 1912.
 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 The s'lorioiis National Soiij^-. TJiilc. Britainiia," is 
 familiar to the whole British race; nevertheless very 
 few men and women are acquainted with the histoiy 
 of its liirtli and parentagre. 
 
 In the following- pag-es I have endeavoured to 
 
 chronicle all the facts which are discoverahle by 
 
 dilig-ent research, and to present them in an 
 attractive and entertaining- manner. 
 
 The life of Dr. Arne, the composer of Rule, 
 Britannia/' offers to the reader and to the musie 
 student an interesting- and instructive stoiy, showing- 
 that natural al>ility, even when combined with 
 genius, is not sutticient to ensure a triumi)hant 
 and successful career. Morality and conscientious 
 rectitude in the affairs of life are essential, and 
 ha<l Arne exercised these, his exceptional g-ifts 
 might have enabled him to surpass his g-reat 
 contemporary, Handel . 
 
 It only remains to be noted that many letters 
 and documents are here printed for the first time, 
 some of them copied from the original autographs 
 in my possession. They illuminate much which has 
 bitherto been obseure and um-ertain in the career of 
 a famous composer. 
 
 William H. Cumminos. 
 
 7r 0361
 
 ILLISTIJAIIONS. 
 
 I'Af.K. 
 ArNE, by DuNKARTON - - -Frontlsjjlcrr 
 
 Arne, by Gainsborough - - - 7 
 
 Mrs, Cibbek - - - - - 1"2 
 
 Cervetto — ' Old Nosey*' — By Zoffany - Hi 
 
 Music Hall, Fishamble Street, Dublin - 1!' 
 
 Arne, by Bartolozzi - - - - Ki 
 
 CovENT Garden Theatre. Rioting during 
 Arne's Artaxerxes" - - - ()1 
 
 Facsimile of Autograph Letter by Arne - OU 
 Arne, by Zoffany - - - - 1>4 
 
 View of Cliefden House - - - 1 1 1 
 
 Facsimile of Rule, Britannia " - - 1 2^>
 
 DR. ARN E.
 
 y
 
 DR. ARNE. 
 
 Much confusion has arison ccMiconiinu' the t:iiiiil\ of 
 Arnc; tliis is not siirprisini'-, s('(Mii<i' thai thiTc 
 g-eneratiims of the same family were named Thomas, 
 and that all resided in the parish of St. Paul, Covent 
 Garden. On the 14th of F<'hruary, 1680, the Bisliop 
 of London granted a marriaj^e Hcenee to Thoiiuis 
 Arne, of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, Baeheloi-, 
 27 and upwards, and Mary Thursfield, (»f St. 
 Martin's-in-Fields, Spinster, 20, with her father's 
 consent at St. Peter's, Cornhill, or elsewhere in 
 Diocese." A son l)orn to this e<ni])le was l)aptized in 
 St. Paul, Covent Garden, on the ;}rd of Deeemher, 
 1682; the church reg-ister records 'Thomas, son of 
 Thomas Arne hy ^lary his wife." In due time, when 
 twenty-five years of ag-e, this second Thomas nuirried 
 Anne Wheeler in the Mercers' Chapel, Cheapside, 
 April, 1707.* Three years later a son was l>orn, who 
 also was named Thonuis, and <luly Itaptized in St. 
 Paul, Covent Garden. The ceremony is recorded in the 
 church register on the 28th of May. 1710, "Thomas, 
 son of Thomas Arne hy Ann his wife." This was the 
 future musician and composer; the date (»f his hirth 
 cannot he verified by documentary evidence, liut 
 tradition has given the 12th (»f March, and this has 
 g-enerally been accepted as correct. It is noteworthy 
 that Arne received oidy one Christian name in 
 baptism, and that in after life he ad«led an()ther, 
 
 * The register does not specify the (lay of the month. 
 
 ( 1 )
 
 DR. A RNK. 
 
 Ang'ustiiie. It has been siig-g-ested that at some 
 period he was received into the Roman CathoHc 
 Church, and then took the additional name ; hut 
 diHgent inquiry at the Sardinian Chapel, Lincoln's 
 Inn Fields, a place of worship he frequented, has failed 
 to discover any evidence of the alleged ceremony. A 
 letter wi-itten hy Dr. Burney (Arne's pupil) to Sir 
 Joseph Banks in July, 1806, described Old Mrs. 
 Arne, the mother of Dr. Arne and Mrs. Cibber, as a 
 big-otted Roman Catholic." Surely natural affection 
 would suffice to induce a mother to instruct her 
 children in her own relig-ious faith, and there was no 
 reason why her son should not have been baptized with 
 both names had the parents wished it. It seems quite 
 clear that the adoption of the second name became a 
 necessity to disting-uish the composer from his father. 
 
 Thomas Arne, m. 1680, 
 d. 1713. 
 
 Mary Thursfield. 
 
 Thomas Arne, h. 1682, 
 m. 1707, d. 1736. 
 
 Anne Wheeler. 
 
 Thomas Arne, h. 1710, 
 m. 1736, d. 1778. 
 
 Cecilia Young, 
 h. 1711, f^. 1789. 
 
 The last-named was born in his father's house. 
 King- Street, Covent Garden, now No. 34, but in 1710 
 disting-uished by the sig-n of The Crown and 
 Cushion." It was notable as the residence for a time 
 
 * The autograph in my possession. — W. H. C. 
 
 ( 2 )
 
 I'll. AJiSK. 
 
 of the North Aincricaii chieftains, who created a 
 considerable sensation whilst in l^ondon, and were 
 popularly called the Indian King-s. Bancroft's 
 " United States " describes them : " Five Sachems 
 from the Iroquois sailed with Schayler for En«iland. 
 They appeared amidst the graze of crowds, dressed in 
 Eng-lish small-clothes of black, with scarlet iu<^rain 
 cloth mantles, edg-ed with ffohl, for their blankets ; 
 they were conducted in coaches to an audience with 
 Queen Anne, and giving- her belts of wampum they 
 avowed their readiness to take up the hatchet and 
 aid her in the reduction of Canada." Arne, senior, the 
 father of the composer, carried on the business of an 
 upholsterer, which included that of an undertaker. 
 He paid for his house the consideral)le rental of ^'75 
 per annum, and for a time he tilled the responsil)le 
 office of parish overseer. There is every indication that 
 he was a prosperous tradesnuin, so well to do that he 
 was able to send his sou at a suitable ag-e to Eton 
 Colleg-e to be educated. Unfortunately the records of 
 that ancient foundation afford no information as to 
 the date of Arne's admission to the colleg-e, nor of the 
 leng-th of his residence there : he was not admitted 
 as a foundation scholar, but as an Oppidan, and 
 as such would live as a boarder in one of the masters' 
 houses. 
 
 Many errors have been printed respecting- the status 
 and career of Arne's father. Probably they all 
 orig-inated from the statements made in a letter ot 
 Addis(ui's which appeared in the Ttitlcr in 1710; a 
 certain Mr. Arne is there described as an Upludd* r of 
 Covent (iarden, a rabid p(»liticiau, nei.'-lectful of home 
 and family, and in conseiiuence a bankruj)!. It is 
 
 ( -i )
 
 DR. ARNE. 
 
 certain that the iiuui thus described was the composer's 
 g-raiidtather, who died in the Marshalsea debtors' 
 prison and was buried in the graveyard of St. Paul, 
 Covent Garden, as is recorded in the church register, 
 24 December, 1713, Thomas Arne from the 
 Marchelsea." Commentators on Addison's letter 
 evolved a story that Arne's father died in prison 
 under very cruel conditions ; but investig-ation shows 
 that the Arne who was murdered in the Fleet prison 
 was Edward Arne, probably an uncle of the composer. 
 The House of Commons Beports published in 1729 
 states that ' it appeared to the Committee that in the 
 year 1725, one Mr. Arne an Upholder was carried 
 into a stable which stood where the Strong- Room on 
 the Master's side now is, and was there confined (being- 
 a place of cold restraint) till he died, and that he was 
 in a g-ood state of health before he was confined to 
 that room." The Prison Committee further inquired 
 into the case, and presented a detailed statement as 
 follows : Mr. Arne, mentioned in the said former 
 reports, whilst he was in the Tap-House of the said 
 Fleet prison, during- the wardership of John Hug-g-ins, 
 Esq., and behaving- himself quietly, was suddenly 
 seized by James Barnes (ag-ent for Hug-gins,) and 
 without any reason g-iven, was forced into the Strong- 
 Room, or Dungeon on the Master's side; which dung-eon 
 being- then but lately built, and so damp that the drops 
 hung- upon the walls, was very nauseous and unwhole- 
 some. In this place was the unfortunate man locked 
 up, and never once permitted to go out ; But by an 
 accident on a Sunday, the door being- opened, he ran 
 into the parlour adjoining' to the ChoppeU, during- the 
 Time of Divine Service ; he had no covering- upon his 
 
 ( 4 )
 
 i>i;. M;yi:. 
 
 Hody, but the Fcatliers (►f a Ik'<I (which l{('<| was 
 thrown to him hy a Prisoner,) into which he crept, to 
 <let'('n(l himself from the Cohl, and the Feathers stuck 
 and were chdted upon him, hy his own Excrements, 
 and the dirt which covered liis slcin. He was 
 immediately seized and carried hack into the sai<l 
 dunjreon, where thro' cold and the Kestraint. and. 
 for want of food, he lost his senses, languished and 
 perished. Xotwithstandinji' the miserable condition (»f 
 this man, and the applications were made to Mr. 
 Huffffins, the said Hufr^ins had no compassion on liiiii. 
 but caused the door to be closed upon him."* 
 
 The unhappy victim of tyi'annic cruelty was buried 
 in the precincts of St. Paul, Covent (iarden, as is 
 r«'corded in the church rejrister, 23 of October, 
 ]7'25, Edward Arne, from the Fleet Prison." 
 
 The most reliable account of Arne's early years is 
 to 1)6 found in Dr. IJurney's History of ]Music." 
 Burney, when a youth, was sent to Chester to l>e 
 educated in the Free School. In 1 744 he was 
 introduced to ]\Ir. Arne, who was passing throujrh the 
 City on his j<uirney from Ireland to Lomhm. and 
 this most popular of Ensflish vocal comjiosers >inie 
 the days of Purcell was so pleased with the talents of 
 this nearly self-instructed perfoinici-. as to make an 
 otter to Mr. Hurney, senior, upon sncli conditi<»n> :i>- 
 are usual t<> such s(n*t of patronaue. to coniplctc the 
 
 * On the Report of this Connnittee, .Jnliii lliiyi^iii^. ilic 
 AVjirdcii of <Ih' Fled was (ricd for inunlfr, luil ;if(|iii(h>(l. 
 James Hnriics, liis nycn), hy wliom this oiiirM^rt' ".'is coui- 
 iiiiKcd, II<mI, and was lU'vcr li-icd. Ilowovcr, l.oi-d (hicl" 
 Juslicc Hayniond was of oiiiiiioii, tli.il iiad lie Im'cu on hi~ (ri;d, 
 and the I'acf proved ayainsl hini, he \\niiid iiiidniil>itill\ h.nc 
 hecii found tzuilty of iiiiirder. 
 
 . -. )
 
 DR. ARNE. 
 
 education of this lively and aspiring- young- man ; and to 
 bring- him forth to the world as his favourite and most 
 promising- pupil. To the proposal Mr. Burney, 
 senior, was induced to consent ; and at the ag-e of 
 seventeen, the eag-er young- candidate for fame 
 rapturously set off, in company with Dr. Arne, for the 
 metropolis." * Arne was a man of pleasure, and seems 
 to have done little to further the serious studies of his 
 articled pupil ; Burney's daughter said that the master 
 constantly employed the pupil in copying- music. It 
 is therefore not surprising- that the latter eag-erly 
 embraced an opportunity of emancipation from 
 drudgery (which was afforded throug-h the recom- 
 mendation of Kirkman, the harpsichord maker), and 
 accepted the appointment of performer and teacher to 
 the fashionable Fulk Greville. The apprenticeship 
 articles, however, presented a difficulty, and Greville 
 called on Arne to inquire on what terms he would 
 cancel the bond. "Arne at first would listen to no 
 proposition, protesting- that a youth of such promise 
 was beyond all equivalent ; But no sooner was a round 
 sum mentioned, than Arne, who, in common with all 
 the dupes of extravagance, was evermore needy, could 
 not disg-uise from himself that he was dolorously 
 out of cash ; and the dazzling- glare of three hundred 
 pounds could not l)ut play most temptingly in his 
 sight. The articles, therefore, were cancelled." 
 
 We now return to the early days of Arne. Burney 
 writes, "Arne had a good school education, having 
 been sent to Eton by his father, who inteiuled him for 
 the law. But I have been assured by several of his 
 
 * Mrs. Arne rode on a pillion, behind Burney, on liorse- 
 ))at'k, from Chester to London. 
 
 ( 6 )
 
 ARNE, 15V (Jaixsboik^uoh. 
 
 Face, p, 7.
 
 DR. AJiXE. 
 
 sehool-fcllows, that his love for iiuisie operate*! iipoii 
 liiiti too powerfully, even wliih' lu- was at Eton, for iiis 
 own peace, or that of his companions ; for with a 
 miserable, eraeked common-flute he used to torment 
 them ni^lit ami day when not oldifjt'd to atten<l the 
 school." Buriiey's description of the flute must be 
 regarded as somewhat exagrgrerated if we may Judg-e 
 fnnn the instrument depicted in the portrait of 
 Arne painted by Gainsborou8-h,and here reproduced. 
 15uniey's narrative continues, He told me himself 
 that when he left Eton, such was his passion for 
 Music, that he used to avail himself of the privilege 
 of a servant, by borrowing- a livery and going- into 
 the upper gallery of the Opera, which was then 
 appropriated to domestics." Arne's father, having- 
 decided that the young- man should be brought up 
 to the profession of the law, articled him to an 
 attorney for three years, but this compulsory legal 
 study did not prevent him secretly and assiduously 
 practising- on a spinet, which he luul smuggled into 
 his bedroom ; using- a silk handkerchief, he contrived 
 to muffle the s(unids (►f the instrument, and could 
 indulge in play when the other members of the 
 household were asleep. This he did with fear and 
 trembling-, well-knowing- that if discovered by his 
 father, l)oth he and the musical instrument ran the 
 risk of violent expulsion through the window. He 
 further managed to ac(iuire some proficiency (Ui the 
 violin, and soon contrived to g-et some lessons fntm 
 th«' accomplished and eminent vi(dinist, .Micliael 
 Kesting-. His natural talent en:ibled him to make 
 rapid prog-ress, and sh(»rtly after the e\i)iry of bis 
 articles, an incident occui-red w bicli haijpily detei'iniued 
 
 ( 7 •
 
 DR. ARNE. 
 
 liis future career. His father, oue day calling" at a 
 g"entleniau''s house in the neig-hbourhood upon business, 
 found that he was eng-ag-ed, but sending- in his name, 
 Arne's father was invited upstairs, where there was a 
 larg-e company and a concert in progress, and, to his 
 astonishment, his son in the very act of leading" as 
 first fiddle. This convincing- proof that his son was 
 more successful w\W\ music than law, caused him to 
 relent, and he offered no further opposition to his 
 adopting- the former as a means of livelihood. Arne 
 was now able to pursue his musical studies without 
 restraint, and he soon bewitched all the family by his 
 enthusiasm and ability. He discovered that his sister, 
 Susanna, possessed a beautiful and sympathetic voice, 
 which by his instruction rapidly developed. Festing- 
 still continued to g-ive him lessons on the violin, and 
 calling- in King- Street one day for this purpose, he 
 found Arne diligently practising- with his music 
 supported on the lid of a coflSn. Horrified with the 
 sight, he declared he could not play under such 
 circumstances, as he would be constantly imag-ining- 
 there mig-ht be a corpse in the coffin beneath. So 
 there is," said Arne, and g-ave proof by removing- the lid. 
 In 1732, Arne's father dabbled in music as a 
 business speculation ; induced to do so, perhaps, by 
 the remarkable talent of his children. He and others, 
 without permission, and without consulting- Handel, 
 announced performances of that composer's works at 
 the theatre in the Haymarket. An advertisement of 
 May the 10th reads: At the theatre in the Hay- 
 market on Thursday the 12th inst. Acis and Galatea, 
 a pastoral drama set by Mr. Handel will be performed, 
 with all the choruses, song-s, machines and other 
 
 ( 8 )
 
 hit. m;.\e. 
 
 <leeoniti(ms: Itciny- tlic first time it evor was pert<»niu'<l 
 in a theatrical way. The part of Aeis hy Mr. 
 Mountier, being the first time of liis appearin«- in 
 cluiraeter on any stay-e. (Jalatea l>y Miss Arne. Pit 
 and boxes at five shillings. Sul)seriptions are only takm 
 in by Mr. Arne at the Crown and Cnshion. Kinu- 
 Street, Covent (larden." 
 
 For some reason the performance did not taUe 
 place on the 12th, l)nt on the ITtli. Dr. IJnrney says 
 that tlie adventnrers, or partners, in the speenlation 
 included Arne and his son, and the periorniers. 
 Miss Arne and Miss Cecilia Young-, afterward yoinm 
 Arne's wife. Arne now res(dved to essay his p(»wers 
 in conipositi(m, by settin<>- t<> music the libretto of 
 Rosamond, written by Addison. The nnisic of the 
 chief character he designed for his sister, and the 
 part of the Paye for his young- brother Michael. The 
 work when completed was presented to the puldic at 
 the theatre in Lincoln's Inn Fields on the 7th of 
 March, 1733. In addition to his sister and bndher. 
 the performers were Mrs. Barbier ; Leveridiufe, the 
 veteran bass, Mr. Corfe, Mrs. .Tones and Miss 
 Chambers. The first performance proved a yreat 
 success and was followed by ten others; the last wa> 
 announced for the benefit of " 3//-. Arm-, juti'mr,"^ 
 evidently to distinguish the composer from the father. 
 Thus encouraged Arne now determined to try his hand 
 on a humorons composition, and selected for the 
 purpose Fielding's Hnrletta "Tom Thund)" ; this had 
 been played as a. comedy, with g-reat success, in 1731. 
 under the title " The Tragredy of Tragedies ! " I n its 
 new musical <lress the composer calle(l it The (>i»<'ra 
 of Operas," and it was submitted to tlie Judgment ot 
 
 ( S' >
 
 DR. ARNE. 
 
 the public at the new theatre in the Haymarket on 
 the 31st of May, 1733. The principal character, 
 Tom Thumb, was personated by the composer's brother 
 Michael. The verdict of the audience was hig-hly 
 favourable ; the piece attained great popularity, and a 
 very long- run. The Princess Amelia and the Duke of 
 Cumberland attended the second performance; the 
 Prince of Wales, the sixth, and the younger Princesses 
 the eighth. Arne's next composition was an experiment 
 in another l)ranch of stag-e work; a Masque with 
 Harlequinade entitled, "Dido and ^neas." He was 
 now reg-ularly employed at Drury Lane Theatre as 
 composer. His sister, Susannah Maria, had acquired 
 considerable fame both as singer and actress, and in 
 April, 1734, she married Theophilus Cibber, who 
 became notorious as an evil-doer. He was the son of 
 Colley Cibber, and for about three years husband and 
 wife lived together ; they had two children, who died 
 in infancy- The profligate husband had a friend, a 
 Mr. Sloper, who with ample means frequently relieved 
 Cibber of pecuniary eml)arrassments, but in 1738 the 
 latter absconded to France, and his wife placed herself 
 under the protection of Mr. Sloper, who resided at 
 Burnham in Buckinghamshire. On returning- to 
 England, Cibber broug-ht an action for adultery, laying- 
 the damages at ^5,000 ; the verdict in his favour g-ave 
 him ^10. He then brought a fresh action, claiming- 
 ^10,000 for the loss of his wife's professional services, 
 and obtained a verdict for ^'.500. It appeared that 
 Cibber^ had forcibly broken into his wife's residence, 
 
 * In October, 1758, Cibber was crossing- the sea to fulfil an 
 engagement with Sheridan in Dublin, when the vessel was 
 shipwrecked, and he Avith nearly nil the passengers drowned. 
 
 ( 10 )
 
 DR. ARNE. 
 
 abstracted her Jewellery, and carried her off to the 
 Bull's Head tavern, Clare Mark«'t, where he had hickcd 
 Iier ill an apartment from which she was rescued ]»y her 
 l)i-otlier, Thomas Arne. 
 
 In 1 7r)(>, Arne, in the tw^enty-sixth year i*!' his aye, 
 married Cecilia Youn**-, the charming- sing-er who had 
 appeared with his sister at the ])ert'orniances in the 
 new theatre in the Hayinarket, in \1'.V1. She was 
 the daughter of Charles Young, a performer of g-ood 
 ivpute and organist of All Hallows' Church, Barking. 
 Of three accomplished sisters she was the most 
 gifted ; her natural soprano voice had been well 
 trained hy (ieminiani, and was of unusual compass 
 and flexilnlity, ranging up to E in alt. She was 
 also greatly admired on accf)unt of the accuracy and 
 perfection with which she executed trills and shakes. 
 Dr. Burney said, her style of singing was infinitely 
 superior to that of any other English woman of liei- 
 time." 
 
 Charles Young refused to sancticni his daughter's 
 marriage with Arne on account of the hitter's 
 religious principles. It is said he never t'oi'gave her. 
 In the year of his marriage, Arne wrote the incidental 
 music for Zara," a tragredy produced at Drury 
 Lane Theatre, in which his sister ^Irs. Cihl)er first 
 g'ave proof of her extraordinary ability as a tragic 
 actress as well as singer. She captivated everyone 
 by her native sweetness of voice and powers of 
 expression ; It was difticult to say which of the 
 two received the greater applause, the actress for 
 hei- interesting person, pathetic voice and nianiH'r, 
 or the musician (the composer Arne) for his natui;il 
 * Mrs. Avne soon became a convert to the Roman Chtn-cli. 
 
 ( n )
 
 DR. ARXE. 
 
 and pleasing" strains, particularly the March which 
 was encored every night." Mrs. Cibher's fame 
 became pronounced. Handel thoug-ht so highly of 
 her that he eng-ag-ed her to sing- the contralto part 
 in The Messiah " at its first perforniance, in Dublin. 
 How well she merited his selection was proved at 
 the conclusion of the Air He was despised " ; her 
 sing-ing- was so natural and touching" that the Dean 
 of St. Patrick's, Dr. Delaney, arose from his seat 
 and audil)ly exclaimed. Woman, for this thy sins be 
 forg-iven thee ! " 
 
 Mrs. Gibber was not only a great artist, but also 
 a very accomplishe<l and amiable woman, as is proved 
 by her correspondence with David Garrick. When 
 she died, in 1766, Garrick declared that trag-edy 
 expired with her." 
 
 She was buried in the North Cloister of Westminster 
 Abbey. 
 
 The only other composition of Arne's which can be 
 traced to the year of his marriag-e, 1736, is a Serenata, 
 the words l)y Thomas Phillips, Avritten to commemorate 
 the marriag-e of the Prince of Wales with the beautiful 
 Princess Aug-usta of Saxe Gotlia, which took place in 
 April. The Serenata was performed at Drury Lane 
 Theatre. Arne's connection with the theatre provided 
 him with a splendid opening- for his talent as composer. 
 Dr. John Dalton, a Prebendary of Worcester Cathedral 
 and Rector of St. Mary-at-hill, Loudon, prepared a stag-e 
 version of Milton's Comus." He interpolated verses 
 taken from other works of the poet, and added some 
 song-s of his own, all requiring- music ; and, as the 
 sequel proved, no composer could have carried out the 
 task more efficiently than Arne, who entered upon his 
 
 ( 12 )
 
 Mi!s. CiniiKi;. 
 
 Fiiif f. \1.
 
 hii. arm:. 
 
 welcome labours with real enthusiasm, ami ('a>il\ 
 earned the reputation (tf Ix'ing- the hest En^Mish 
 composer of the day. His music combined g-raceful 
 melody and expressive accent, needing" no extraneous 
 <n*namentation to enhance its beauty. The song's Now 
 Plujebus sinketh in the West," By dimpled hnxdc," 
 How gentle was my Damon's Airs," and Sweet 
 Echo," are among-st the g-ems. The various characters 
 were well represented on the stag^e. C'omus by Mr. 
 (Juin ; the Lady, JMrs. Cibber ; the Brothers, Mr. 
 Milward and 3Ir. Cibber; First Spirit, Mr. Mills; 
 Second Spirit, Mr. Hill; Euphrosyne, ]Mrs. C'live; 
 Sabrina, Mrs. Arne; Attendant Spirit, Mr. Beard. 
 The Masque is preceded by a sprig-htly Overture scored 
 for string's, two flutes, two oboes, two trumpets, and 
 bassoons. The instruments are never employed 
 simultaneously, an orchestral feature peculiar to Arne. 
 The song- Sweet Echo " was sung- behind the 
 scenes " by Mrs. Arne, with an echo played on the 
 flute, and proved very effective. Either from want of 
 time, or some other cause, Arne did not compose 
 chorus music, but adapted several pieces from Handel; 
 the manuscript of these adaptations is in the British 
 Museum. Produced at Urury Lane Theatre in 1738 
 under the composer's direction, the piece had a long- 
 run and was frequently revived. A notable occasion 
 was the performance at Drury Lane on fhe ."ith of 
 April, 1750, when it was g-ivcn for the benefit of the 
 g-rand-daughter of Milton, Mrs. Elizabeth Foster, who 
 was living- in extreme old ag-e and poverty ; for this 
 notable event Dr. Johnson wrote a pndogue wliieh 
 was spoken by (iarriek. It is satisfactory to know thaf 
 the substantial sum of one hundred and tliirfy poun(i^ 
 ( 13 )
 
 DR. AliXK. 
 
 was handed over to the ag"ed lady as a result of the united 
 efforts of the artists who grave their services. 
 
 The popularity of Comus " induced Arne to puldish 
 a score of the music in 1 740. The title-pag-e of the volume 
 reads : The Music in the Masque of Comus. Written 
 by Milton. As it was Perform'd at the Theatre-Royal in 
 Drury-Lane. Composed hy Thomas Augustine Arne. 
 Opera Prima. London. Printed by William Smith, 
 at the musick shop in Middle Row, near Holhorn Bars, 
 and sold hy the Author." The copies were signed hy 
 the composer; we may therefore presume that the 
 puljlication was his own venture, which may account 
 for his calling- it Opera Prima. It certainly was not 
 the first work of his, either composed or printed. He 
 afterwards sold the plates, and the score was published 
 with a new title-pagre bearing* the imprint London. 
 Printed for and sold by J. Simpson in Sweeting-s Alley 
 Royal Exchang-e." Comus" became so popular that 
 the song's were sung- all over the King-dom, and g-ave 
 rise to numerous convivial and musical associations 
 which were convened under the title Comus'' s Court. 
 
 In 1739, a number of eminent musicians residing- 
 iu London united in establishing- a charitable society 
 for the relief of indig-ent musicians and their families. 
 The first steps were taken by Festing-, Handel, 
 Green, Weideman, and nine others ; it was then 
 called The Society of Musicians," and since has 
 become by Charter The Royal Society of Musicians." 
 Among- the first to join the Association and to sig-n 
 the Declaration of Trust " were Thomas Arne and 
 Handel. The former, after some years, neg-lected to 
 pay his subscription, and ceased to be a member ; 
 but the latter retained his membership to the end 
 
 { 14 )
 
 DR. AJiyj-:. 
 
 of his life, and by liis Will bequeathed one thoiisiniil 
 pounds to its funds. 
 
 1740 was a very liusy and prosperous year for 
 Arne. His composition of the * Masque of Alfred " for 
 the Prince of Wales will be found fully discussed 
 in connection with Kule, IJrilannia " ; the other 
 Masque, which was performed at the same celebration, 
 was The Judg-ment of Paris," written by William 
 Congrreve. This author died in 1728, and it is not 
 known who arrang-ed the book as set by Arne ; it 
 contained much more music than Alfred," an<l, 
 with the exception of Rule, Britannia," of g-reater 
 importance. The Overture, composed on the con- 
 ventional pattern of the day, ])eg'inning with a Largo, 
 followed by a spirited fugue, concludes with a iMinuet 
 Andante and a Giga con spirito ; the only instruments 
 employed are strings and oboes. The Recitative, ' O 
 ravishing delight," sung l)y Mr. Beard in the character 
 of Paris, it would be difficult to surpass. Accom- 
 panied by the string quartett, it is full of variety an<l 
 charm, and leads into an Allegro, with bravura 
 passages well written for the voice. If revived to-day 
 by a grood tenor singer it would prove a great success. 
 There is a remarkable Air for Venus, Gentle 
 Swain," which was sung- by Mrs. Arne. In the 
 printed score the composer appends the note. This 
 Air is composed for a Violoncello solo, and a doulde 
 Bassto play with the Harpsichord."* The violoncello 
 had quite recently l)een introduced into Enghnid by 
 Cervetto (Giacobbe Bassevi), who joined the Drury 
 Lane Theatre orchestra in 1738; by his skill he soon 
 
 * These are puhli.slu'd by Novello & Co., Ltd. 
 
 ( 15 )
 
 DR. ARNE. 
 
 made the instrument popular. Both Arne and Handel 
 wrote special ol)bligato parts for him. His personality 
 and manners were very marked, and he l^ecame a pet 
 of the gods in the g-allery of the theatre, who, when 
 he appeared in the orchestra, w ould call out play up. 
 Nosey." He became manager of Drury Lane Theatre, 
 and died on the 14th of January, 1783, over one 
 hundred years of ag-e, leaving" his son a fortune of 
 i'20,000. He sig-ned the admission book of the 
 
 Society of Musicians"' on the 14tli of April, 1742. 
 An amusing- story is told of an encounter Cervetto 
 had with Garrick ; the latter had been absent from 
 Drury Lane Theatre for two years, and on his return he 
 prepared an address to speak previous to the play. 
 When the applause which greeted him had subsided, 
 the house became silent in expectation of the speech. 
 At this crucial moment, Cervetto anticipated the first 
 word l)y a tremendous yawn, which caused the 
 audience to burst into convulsive laug-hter, and 
 several minutes elapsed Ijefore quiet was restored. 
 When the curtain dropped, Garrick rushed to the 
 music-room and seized Cervetto by the shoulders, 
 calling- him a scoundrel, and a base- viol, and demanded 
 what he meant by his conduct. The poor man could 
 only reply that when he had a g-reat rapture" he 
 always did yawn that way." 
 
 The Air Gentle sw^ain," sung- l)y Mrs. Arne, in 
 which Cervetto accompanied, is veiy melodious vocally 
 and instrumentally : it was followed by a Trio for 
 three soprano voices, sung- by Mrs. Arne, Mrs. 
 Clive, and Miss Edwards, representing- Venus, 
 Pallas, and Juno. The music is admirable, in spite 
 of the words, which cannot be described as poetry. 
 
 ( 16 )
 
 CeKVKI r(», liV /OKIANY. 
 
 Fare j>. 16.
 
 At'ttT :m invitation from oiitli of tlio thicc »li\ initio's : 
 
 llitlici" turn tliei' geiille swain, 
 
 Hither \y\vn to nu' ag-ain : 
 She will deceive thee, 
 
 I'll never leave thee— 
 
 Paris, represented by Mr. Beard, replied : 
 
 Apart let me view Ihen each heav'nly tair. 
 
 For three a< a time no mortal ean hear; 
 
 And sinee a ^ay rol>e an ill shai)e may disg-nise. 
 
 When eaeh is undrest 
 
 I'll judge of (he best. 
 
 For 'tis not a face that must cari-y the pri/.e. 
 
 AVe liave no record how they niana^-ed tlie stujie 
 business at Clieveden, but it must have presented 
 some difficulty. A Recitative for Pallas is remarkalde 
 for the vigour of the instrumental accompaniment, 
 an<l the Air 'The glorious voice it was" is very 
 spiritedly supported by string's, oboes, trumpets and 
 drums. A fine Recitative, Stay, lovely youth," 
 sung- by Mrs. Arne is also worthy of nuMition. At 
 the close of the year 1740, on the 20th of December, 
 Shakespeare's ' As you like it " was played at Drury 
 Lane Theatre, the first time for forty years, (ireat 
 interest was excited by the revival, more especially 
 on account of the fact that Arne had prepared new 
 music for the songs. These included When daisies 
 pied," sung- by Kitty C'live, " Under the g-reenwood 
 tree" and ' Blow, thou winter wind." sung" by Air. 
 Thonuis Lowe. They all captivated the public taste, 
 who found Shakespeare's poetry admirably framed in 
 Arne's melodies. The immediate poi)ularity of the 
 music attracted the attention of several uns(rni)nlous 
 publishers of the day. To protect hiinsclf a^ain'^t 
 ( 17 )
 
 DR. ARNE. 
 
 their nefarious depredations, Arne obtained a Royal 
 license, dated 'iOtli of Jannaiy, 1741. Georg-e, the 
 Second, by the Grace of God, Kino- of Great Britain, 
 France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, etc. 
 To all to whom these Presents shall come, Greeting-. 
 Whereas Thomas Augustine Arne, of Craven Buildings, 
 near Drnry Lane, in our Count}' of Middlesc.v, Gent. 
 Hath humbly represented unto US, That he hath 
 with g"reat Study, Labour and Expence, composed 
 several works, consisting- of Vocal and histrumental 
 Musick, in order to be printed and published ; and 
 hath Therefore humbly besoug-ht US to g-rant him 
 Our Koyal Privileg-e and License, for the sole 
 printing- and publishing- thereof, for the term of 
 Fourteen Years. We being- willing- to g-ive all due* 
 Encouragement to works of this Nature, are g-raciously 
 pleased to condescend to his Request : and We do 
 therefore, by these Presents, so far as may be 
 ag"reeable to the Statute in that behalf made and 
 provided, grant unto the said Thomas Augustine Arne, 
 his Executors, Administrators and Assig-ns, Our 
 License for the sole Printing- and Publishing- the 
 said Works, for the Term of Fourteen Years, to be 
 computed from the Date hereof ; strictly forbidding- 
 all our Subjects within our King-dom and Dominions, 
 to Reprint or Abridg-e the same, either in the like, 
 or any other Volume or Volumes whatsoever ; or 
 import, buy, vend, utter, or distribute any Copies 
 thereof reprinte<l beyond the Seas, during- the 
 aforesaid Term of Fourteen years, without the 
 Consent or Approl)ation of the said Tliomas Augustine 
 Arne, his Heirs, Executors, and Assigns, as they 
 
 will answer the contrary at their Peril. Whereof 
 
 ( IS )
 
 The Great Room, 
 
 FiSHAMULE StKEP:T, T)UI5LIN. 
 
 Fare ^.19.
 
 DR. ARNE. 
 
 the Coininissioiiers and other Oftieers of our Customs, 
 the Muster, Wardens an<l Company of Stationers, 
 are to take Notice, that due Obedience may be 
 rendered to our Pleasure lierein declared, (iiven at 
 our Court St. James's, the Twenty-Ninth Day of 
 January, 1740-1. in the Fourteenth Year of Our 
 Kei^n. By His Majesty's Command. 
 
 " HoLLis Newcastle.'' 
 
 In 1741, Ai'ne and his wife made their first united 
 visit to Ireland; from Finilkiier\s Diihh'n Jonnnil of 
 June 29-July 3, we learn that: Last AVednesday 
 (June 30th) the ing-enious Mr. Arne, brother to 
 Mrs. Cibber, and Composer of the Alusick of Comus, 
 toj^rether with his \\\U\ (the celebrated Sinyer,) 
 arrived here from London." This notice is interesting' 
 as evidence that Comus " had already been performed 
 in Dublin ; Mrs. C'il)ber and .lames (^uin, the 
 orig-inal exponents of the Lady, and C(mius, were 
 two of the actors eng-a^ed in the Dul)lin production; 
 we nuiy therefore reasonably suppose that they had 
 introduced some of Arne's music. Mrs. Cibber had 
 also won a hig-h place in the estimation of the public 
 by her exquisite siug-ing- in the first performance 
 of the Messiah " Oratorio when conducted l)y 
 Handel on the 13th of April preceding'. Xo time 
 was lost by Arne and his wife in nuiking' a venture 
 for public favour. Fn>(lkner\s Joiiriidl, July 13-17, 
 exhibited the following- advertisement: At the 
 particular Desire of several Persons of Q^uility, for 
 the Benefit of Mrs. Arne, at the Ureat Rocun in 
 Fishamble-street, on Wednesday, the 'list Inst., will 
 be performed a grand Entertainment of Musick, to 
 
 ( 19 )
 
 DR. A liXK. 
 
 be divided into tliree Interludes; wherein several 
 favourite Song's and Duetto will be performed by 
 Mrs. Arne and Mrs. Cibber. In the first Interlude 
 (after an Overture of Mr. HandeVs) a Scene from 
 Mr. Arne's Opera of Rosamund, by Mrs. Arne ; 
 beauteous Queen, from Mr. Handel's Oratorio 
 Esther^ by Mrs. Cibber; Non chiamarmi, from an 
 Opera of Signor Hasse's by Mrs. Arne ; and fairest 
 of ten thousand Fair, a Duetto, from Mr. Handel's 
 Oratorio of Saul, by Mrs. Arne and Mrs. Cibber. 
 In the second Interlude (after an Overture of Mr. 
 Arne's) Lascia cadermi in Volto, a Song- of Farinelli's 
 Singing-, by Mrs. Arne ; Chi scherza colle fU)se, 
 from Mr. Handel's Opera of Hymen, by Mrs. Cil)ber ; 
 Yo solcando, a song- of Sig-nor Vinci's by Mrs. Arne ; 
 and Yado e vido, a Duetto of Mr. Handel's in 
 Faramond l)y Mrs. Arne and Mrs. Cibljer. In 
 the third Interlude (after an Overture of ]Mr. 
 Arne's), peace, thou fairest Child of Heaven, from 
 Mr. Arne's Masque of Alfred, by Mrs. Arne; Un 
 Guardo Solo from Mr. Handel's Opera of Hymen, by 
 Mrs. Cibber ; (by particular Desire) Sweet Bird, from 
 Mr. Handel's Alleg-ro, by Mrs. Arne ; and Per le Porte 
 del Tormento, a favourite Duetto of Mr. Handel's 
 in Sosarmes, by Mrs. Arne and Mrs. Cibber.— Mrs. 
 Arne, being- a Strang-er in this King-dom, humbly 
 hopes the Nobility and Gentry will excuse her personal 
 Application, and to prevent Their being- detained at 
 the Doors of the Hall, while Tickets are delivered 
 them, that they will send for their Tickets to Mrs. 
 Cil>l)er's House in Aungier-street, where Places 
 may be taken. — And, to prevent mistakes, they are 
 desired to send their Servants to Keep Places before 
 
 ( 20 )
 
 I Hi. .\i:.\H. 
 
 five o'clock, To bej,nii exactly at 7 o'clock. N.B. This 
 Pei-forniance (iiiteiided for the Theatre) is at the 
 Kequest of several (Jentlemeii and Ladies altered to 
 the <ireat Hooin alxtve inentioiied," 
 
 It will be noticed that the pn><,'-nunnie contains eij^ht 
 
 pieces composed by Handel, and only fonr by Arne. 
 
 Handel was residin*-- in Dnblin, and it is (inite likely 
 
 that he exten<led his friendly patronage to Mrs. Arne 
 
 and attended the concert. In any ease Handel's 
 
 mnsic was nn<lonbtedly an attraction tor the fashi<»nable 
 
 world of Dnblin ; and it is satisfactory to read that 
 
 the concert was so iiivawi a snecess that At the 
 
 particnlar Desire of several Persons of (^nality a 
 
 repeat was jrranted on the following- Wednesday, the 
 
 •28th of .Inly. N'ery soon after the latter pei-forniance, 
 
 the Dublin musical season came to an end and the 
 
 many artists who had bi'en making- hay in that city 
 
 transferred their personalities to Eng-land. '" The 
 
 celebrated Mr. Handel" left Dublin on the l:Jth of 
 
 Aug-nst, and on Monday, the 'i^rd of the same month, 
 
 was followed by Mrs. ('i))ber, Mr. Arne and David 
 
 Garrick. Mrs. Arne remained in Duldin ; probably 
 
 her husband only went to London to make preparations 
 
 for an extended campaign in Dublin. In a month's 
 
 time he returned, and resided with his wife at a house 
 
 " over against the Ham in Aungier-street " near the 
 
 Theatre. We obtain intelligence of their doings 
 
 from an advertisement in Fnitlkncr'^ Jotirnnl of 
 
 Septemlier ^.V-J.S.— " The Charitable an<l Musical 
 
 Society" announced the commencement of the season 
 
 by a concert to beg-iven on the 8th of October. Special 
 
 attention is directed to the fact that "they have 
 
 provitled a fine Organ, and have eng-aged the celebrated 
 
 , -'1 )
 
 Dll. AliXE. 
 
 Mrs. Arne to sing-"; the clay after the pertorniance 
 the Juunidl reported, " Last Night the Charital)le and 
 Musical Society opened their first Concert to a very 
 nnnierousand polite Assemhly of Ladies and Gentlemen, 
 Avhen Mrs. Arne (tho' extremely ill of a Cold) sang- 
 Avith universal applause." She speedily recovered and 
 Avith her husband guxe a concert in the following- 
 Deceml»er. The Joiinial of November 27-30 
 contained the following announcement : We hear 
 that on Friday next [Dec. 3] being particularly 
 desir'd, at the Great Koom in Fishaml)le Street, 
 Mrs. Arne aWII sing the Song Sweet Bird, accom- 
 panied on the A iolin by IVIr. Arne. And that he 
 intends between the Acts of his Serenatas, Operas, 
 and other Musical Performances, to intermix Connie 
 Interludes (after the Italian ^NFanner), amongst which 
 will ])e pei-fornrd Tom Thuml>, the Original 
 Burlesque Opera composed l)y him, the Dragon of 
 AVantley, IVIiss Lucy in Town, etc. Intended to give 
 Relief to that grave Attention, necessary to be kept 
 up in Serious Performances. Which he intends 
 shall begin in .January next." We learn from this 
 the evident intention of Arne to make a lengthened 
 stay in the city which had received him and his 
 wife with so much favour. It is likewise interesting- 
 to note that hitherfo he had acted as harpsichord 
 accompanist, and uoav proposed exhil)iting- his excellent 
 skill as a solo viohnist. The obbligato to the song- 
 " Sweet Bird," from Handel's " Allegro," was composed 
 for a flute, by no means an easy task for a violin 
 player at that time. The " Charitable Musical 
 Society," evidently satisfied with Mrs. Arne's perfor- 
 mance, on the iTtli of Decemlter engaged her for 
 
 ( 2-2 )
 
 DR. Aitx/:. 
 
 iiiiotlier concert g-iveii 'tor the IJciu'tit aiul Enlargre- 
 meut «>f Prisoners confined for Debt, in the several 
 INIarshulseas in this City." An advertisement 
 annonnced On Tnesday next, heinj-- the 14tii of 
 Decend^er, at 12 o'clock at Noon will l)e the 
 Rehearsal of Acis and Galatea, with the celebrated 
 Coronation Anthem called Zadok the l*riest, composed 
 l>y Mr. Handel. Mr. Dul)our«;- will perform a new 
 S<do, The Pei-formance will be on Friday the 17th. 
 at (> in the Evenins". The (lentlemen of the Choir 
 of each Cathedral will assist,* with Mrs. Arne, Mrs. 
 Storer, Mr. Colg-an, and others. Tickets to be had 
 at half a Gninea each, from Mr. Xeal, at the sai<l 
 Musick Hall. A Rehearsal Ticket will be delivered 
 with the Ticket for the Performance, as it was for the 
 Messiah." "There are g-reat Xnnibers of Tiekets 
 already disposed of for the Mnsical Entertainment 
 of Acis and Galatea; and it is not doubted but the 
 Ladies of this Kingdom who so eminently distinfruish 
 themselves for their great Virtue and Charity, will, 
 upon this Occasion, exert themselves by promoting- 
 
 * The Choir of Christ Church Cathedral, in 1742, consist td 
 of six Vicars C'horal, Messrs. John Warrall, Cliarlcs Taylor, 
 William Jones, John Eusebius Smith, John 3Iason ami 
 ]Mr. John Church; there were also six Stipendiaries, >Iessrs. 
 John Phipps, Janu's Baily, William Lamb, Joseph Ward, 
 'rinu)(hy Carter, John Hill: with six chorister hoys. The 
 Choir of St. I'atrick's Cathedral at the same date included 
 nine Vicars (Ihoi-al, .Messrs. James Baily, William Tavernor. 
 Kol)ert Hall, Robert Wollington, William liamhc, John 
 Euschius Smith, Joseph Ward, John Hill, James Coljjan. 
 There were also six chorister l)()ys, five of these Iteiuii- the same 
 in both Cathedrals. The organist of both Cathedral- uas 
 llalpb Kosenyrave. 
 
 ( 23 )
 
 DR. ARXE. 
 
 this Charity, many of them, of great Quality and 
 Distinction, having- come to a Resohition not to 
 wear any Hoops next Friday, as it will be a Means 
 of admitting- more People into the Hall than usual."' 
 
 In this month, December 11-14, the Jonvnal made 
 an announcement of considerable importance: ' Mr. 
 Swan being- desirous to entertain the Town in the 
 best manner possilde, has contracted with Mr. Arne, 
 for Mrs. Arne, Mrs. Baildon, Mrs. Sybilla, and other 
 singers l)elong-ing- to him, to perform in the Masque 
 of Comus, Avi'itten by Milton, and set to Alusick by 
 Mr. Arne. The Choruses will be properly performed, 
 and AFr. Arne will accompany the Performance, 
 which will be exhibited on Monday next, being- the 
 lOtli inst. Jan. N.B. The Orchestra will be doubled, 
 and there will be a Row at the Pit enclosed for the 
 Musick.'' The same Journal of the 4-8th January, 
 1743, g-ave more details: ' By His Majesty's 
 Company of Comedians, at the Theatre Royal in 
 Aung-ier-street, on ]\Ionday next, being- the 10th 
 inst. Jan. will be performed a Dramatick Masque 
 called Comus, written by Milton. The Musick, vocal 
 and instrumental, composed by Mr. Arne. The Part 
 of Comus, by Mr. Swan ; a pastoral Nymph, and 
 the Part of Sabrina, by Mrs. Arne ; the principal 
 Bacchanal, by Mrs. Baildon, from London; the Lady's 
 Song- (Sweet Echo) by Mrs. Arne, accompany'd by 
 Mr. Neal, from Eng-land, who performed it orig-inally; 
 the second pastoral Nymph by ]Mrs. Syljilla, a Scholar 
 of Mr. Arne's ; the Part of Euphrosyne to be 
 performed by Miss Davis. With all the Choruses 
 performed in Parts, as orig-inally in Eng-land, and 
 never done here before. The orig-inal Prolog-ue to 
 ( -^i )
 
 />/.'. m:xi:. 
 
 be spoke l>y Mr. Swan, ainl the l]i)il()<iii(' l>y Mrs. 
 Furnival. A Kow of tlie Pit will be taken into the 
 Orchestra, there beins" an extraordinary Band ttf 
 ^fusick provided on this occasion. The whole 
 conducted by Mr. Arne, who accompanies the 
 Performance on the Harpsichord. With new Habits, 
 Scenes, Alachines, Hisinys, Sinkin<is, l'Myin<is. and 
 other Decorations. It is hoped it will not be taken 
 ill, that n<me can l)e admitted behind the Scenes. 
 N.B. This IVrfonnance beiny- exhil)ited at a much 
 jrreater Expense than any Theatrical Entertainment 
 in this King-dom, we are oldig-ed to iay the Pit and 
 Boxes tojrether at .^s. .^d. Lattaces, 5s. .5d. (Jallery, 
 2s. <Sd. halfp." The foreycuuK advertisement is 
 brim full of interesting" matter; we see that ]Mr. 
 Arne was a tower of strenii-th : that Mr. Neal was 
 the solo flautist at the first performance of Comus," 
 in Drury Lane Theatre ; the choruses, performed 
 in parts, were taken fnnn Handel, as in London: also 
 that Mr. Arne conducted and accompanied, according- 
 to the fashion of the day, at the harpsichord. The 
 artistic venture of Mr. Swan met with due reward; 
 "Comus" was successfully repeated on the loth, 20th, 
 and 24th of January, and ag-ain on the 8th of 
 February for the benefit of Mr. Swan: finally, on the 
 21st of April, ^Ir. Neal took a benefit at the Smock 
 Alley Theatre on the 1st of February, when he 
 exhibited his versatility ; the Jonnitil announced 
 "Between the Acts, Mr. Neale will perform a Solo 
 and Concerte on the Hautl)oy, with a Piece on the 
 German Flute. Mr. Charles and his Second will 
 perform a Concerto on the French Horn, and Mr. 
 Storer will sing- a favourite Song-. Master Neale, 
 
 ( ■2;-. )
 
 DR. A RNE. 
 
 a chilli of ten Years old, will perform a Concerto on 
 the A'iolin, and Elin a Roon, with all its Variations." 
 This advertisement is of importance, showing- that 
 Arne had excellent orchestral players. Mr. Charles^" 
 was a very skilful performer; possibly he had been 
 one of the Drnry Lane orchestra. On the following- 
 10th of Fel)ruary, Mrs. Arne had a benefit at the 
 Theatre Koyal, Anngier Street, when the prog-ramme 
 consisted of A (xrand Serenata, call'd Love and 
 Glory ; composed My Mr. Arne, in Honour of the 
 Nuptials of His Royal Highness Frederick Prince 
 of Wales, wdth the Princess Augusta. After the 
 Serenata, a new Farce calFd Miss Lucy in Town,t 
 with all the songs composed by Mr. Arne, and 
 performed at the Theatre-Royal in Drury Lane." 
 
 A concert was g-iven at the Music Hall in 
 Fishamble Street, on the 4tli of May, for the 
 benefit of the Charitable Infirmary, when Handel's 
 "Alexander's Feast" was performed. Mr. Arne 
 conducted and Mrs. Arne sang-; 'the Gentlemen of 
 the Choirs of both Cathedrals and several other 
 voices " assisted. On Saturday, the 7th, three days 
 afterwards, Mr. Arne had a benefit at the Theatre 
 Royal in Aung-ier Street, when the bill consisted of 
 "an Opera called Rosamond, Written by the celebrated 
 Mr. Addison, and set to Musick by Mr. Arne: 
 King- Henry, Mr. Baildon ; Sir Trusty, Mr. Layfield; 
 Pag-e, Master Pilking-ton ; being- the first Time of his 
 Appearance on any Stag-e; Rosamond, Mrs. SyhiHa; 
 
 =i: " Twelve Duettos for Tavo French Horns, or Two German 
 Flutes, composed by Mr. Charles," A rare publication. 
 
 ] Written by Fielding-, produced in 1 742. 
 
 ( -26 )
 
 hii. arm:. 
 
 Grideline, Miss Davis; imd tlir part of (2iU'eii Kloaiior 
 to be perfoniH'd by Mrs. Anic, AfttT which will 
 be pei-t'orined the orijrinal comic biirlesqiie Opera 
 culled Tom Thumb. The Part of Tom Thumb by 
 INFaster I'ilkiustou; Kiug, Mr. Baildon; Lord(iri/zel, 
 Mr. Laytiehl ; Queeu Dollallolla, Miss Davis; Princess, 
 Huncamunca, Mrs. Sybilla ; all the otlier characters, 
 as Noodle, Doodle, Foodie, (Jiautess, Conjurer, etc., 
 ]>y a select Company of l)urlesque Opera Sing-ers. 
 To prevent Mistakes. Ladies are desired to take their 
 IMaees in Time, and on the Day of IVrformance to 
 send their Servants to keep Places before five o'clock." 
 The above prog-ramme was announced for repetition 
 on the 27th of May, for the l)eneHt of ]Mr. Baildoii 
 and Mrs. Sybilla, but Mrs. Arne was attacked by 
 (•ne of her frequent illnesses, which on this occasion 
 proved so serious, that her physician forbade her 
 attempting- to pei-form "at the Hazard of her Life." 
 In June she had so far recovered that the deferred 
 benefit was announced for the 11th of dune, "being- 
 positively the last time of JMr. Arne's exhibiting- 
 any l^erfornuiuce this Season." 
 
 Faiillnwr's Jnunuil, Oct. 22-25, announced that 
 "Mr. Dubourg- "' and M r. Arne are to have six Oratorios 
 of Mr. Handel's pei-formed this Season by Subscrip- 
 tion, in which Mr. Lowe, Mrs. Arne, Mr. Colgau, and 
 Mrs. Storer will pei-form the vocal Parts " ; on the 
 folbnving- Nov. 29-Dec. :^, an elal)orate advertisement 
 
 "'^ Dul)(nii'g- a fine violinist and pupil ol' (Jcniiidaiii, was 
 noted for his brilliant technique; on one occasion he 
 indulged in a Cadenza of such length and diffuseness, that 
 at its close Handel, who was conducting-, called out 
 " VVelconu' honu*, Mr. Dubourg-." 
 
 ( -^7 )
 
 DR. ARNE. 
 
 detailed Mr. Ariie's plans : — ' Mr. Ariie proposes 
 to exhibit, at the Theatre-royal in Anngier-street, 
 Four Performances in the manner of the Oratorios 
 in London, viz.: Two Performances of the Distresses 
 and Conquest of King- Alfred, composed by Command 
 of His Royal Highness Frederick Prince of Wales, 
 and performed at his Palace at Cliefden, l)ut never 
 yet exhibited in Publick, and two Performances of 
 a New Oratorio called The Death of Abel: Both 
 composed l)y Mr. Arne. Subscription Three (luineas. 
 Every Subscriber to have three Tickets on each Night 
 of Performance. No Person (not subscribing) will 
 be admitted into Pit, Boxes, or Lattices, under half-a- 
 Guinea a single Ticket. The first Performance to 
 begin as soon as one hundred Subscribers shall be 
 obtained, of which fifty have already subscribed. 
 Subscriptions are taken in l)y Mr. Arne, at his House 
 in Aungier-street, near the Theatre. Mr. Arne has 
 a few Books of the Works he has published, which 
 he will dispose of at the following Prices, viz. : The 
 complete Score of the Overture, Songs and Duettos 
 in the Masque of Conius, 7s. The Songs in As you 
 like it, and Twelfth Night, with the favourite Duetto 
 in the Rival Queens, and other select Airs, 4s. 4d. 
 And the Songs in the Beggar of Bethnel Green, with 
 several new favourite Ballads annexed, 6s. 6d. 
 Likewnse, a curious Harpsichord from London, made 
 by Kirkman, TabelFs Foreman, which he will sell 
 very reasonably." A writer in the Duhlin Jounial 
 at this time (November, 1743), said, "Mr. and Mrs. 
 Arne are beyond comparison, in their way the most 
 extraordinary Persons this Kingdom has seen. The 
 Aungier Street Stage has now the very best Company 
 
 ( -28 )
 
 iJli. ARiSK. 
 
 of Players that ever was in this Kingdom. th«y an* 
 now better than any Company in London, and the 
 Prices (except on very extraordinaiy Occasions) are 
 at the lowest Hate/' 
 
 The Dnke and Dnchess of Devonshire coninianded 
 a performance of '' The Beggar's Opera" on Deceniher 
 the 8th, at the Theatre Royal in Annffier Street, 
 when Arne presided at the harpsichord, and also 
 at seven representations which followed. At a benefit 
 o-iven for Air. Lowe on the 17th, 'Conins" was 
 performed, with Mrs. Arne in the parts of the 
 Pastoral Xymph and Sabrina, singing- also, as 
 nsnal, the Lady's song, " Sweet Echo." She again 
 appeared with Mr. Arne at a benefit concert given 
 for Signor Barbatielli, who had broken his leg. The 
 advertisement annonnced, IMr, Dnbonrg, is so kind 
 as to perform, and will condnct the wlude. assisted 
 by Mr. Arne and Mr. Pasqnalino, the Vocal Parts 
 by Mrs. Arne, Mrs. Storer, ]Mr. Lowe, and Air. 
 Colgan. Tickets to be had at Mr. Barbatielli's 
 Lodgings in George's Lane, opposite to Fade-street, 
 and at the Musick hall, at ."is. ."xl.— X.B. It is hoped 
 that the Gentlemen and Ladies will be so good as 
 to excuse Mr. Barl)atielli's personal Attendance, he 
 lying nnder the Misfortune ()f a bnd<en Leg. Ladies 
 are reciuested to order their Coaches down Fishamble- 
 streetjfor the more easy going in, as at Mr. Handell's." 
 
 Arne's "Oonuis" was again performed on the 
 22nd of December. In 1741, on the Jnd of .lannary, 
 at the Theatre Royal after "Amphitryon," with 
 .singing and dancing between the acts, the farce 
 "Miss Lucy in Town" with Arne's nuisic was per- 
 formed. Special attention was directed to Mr. L<»we's 
 
 ( 2? )
 
 DR. ARNE. 
 
 singing- of the Part of Cantileno" [si Burlesque upon 
 the Itahan Singers]. On the 12th of January Mrs. 
 Arne made her first appearance in Lanipe's burlesque 
 Opera The Drag-on of Wantley." The advertise- 
 ment runs, The Part of Moor-Hall to be performed 
 by Mr. Lowe. The Part of Marg-ery to be performed 
 by Mrs. Arne, being- her first Appearance in any 
 comic Character; and the Part of Mauxalinda to V>e 
 performed by Madam Chateauneuf: Gubbins by ^Nlr. 
 Worsdale; the Drag-on by Mr. Layfield.'" Mr. Arne 
 presided at the harpsichord. 
 
 We have become familiar with Arne's skill as 
 composer, violinist, conductor, and harpsichord player ; 
 we now find an interesting- notice of his first essay, 
 and probably his last, as an actor. The Journal' oi 
 .Jan. 24-28 announced, " By the real and absolute 
 Command of their Graces the Duke and Duchess of 
 Devonshire, for the benefit of Mrs. Arne, at the 
 Theatre-royal in Aung-ier-street, on Saturday, the 
 28th Instant, will he performed the Second Part of 
 Henry IV. With the Humours of Sir John Falstaff. 
 The Part of Henry Prince of Wales by Mr. Arne, 
 being- his First attempt of that Kind." The 
 Shakespeare play was followed by some vocal music 
 by Mrs. Arne and Mr. Lowe, and the whole concluded 
 with Lampe's Drag-on of Wantley." 
 
 We now come to an important event, the perform- 
 ance of the Oratorio, ' The Death of Abel," which 
 was first produced in Dublin, and not in London, as is 
 g-enerally state<l. The following- curious advertisement 
 appeared in the Join-ual. Feb. 11-14, 1744 : "By 
 subscription. At the Theatre-royal in Smock Alley, 
 on Saturday next, being- the 18tli of this Inst. Feb. 
 
 ( 30 )
 
 will be performed A new Oratorio, called The Dnith 
 of Abel. Set to iiuisic l>y Mr. Ariic TIh' rriiniiKil 
 Cliaracters to he pcrfonued l»y .Mr. Lowe, Mrs. Anic, 
 and Mademoiselle Chateauiieuf. The stag-e will he 
 disposed in the same manner as at Mr. Hanilel's 
 Oratorios in London. As hnt 12 more snhscrihers 
 ean l)e admitted, such «,'-entlemen an<l ladies as 
 intend to honour Mr. Ariie hy snbscrihiny, are 
 g-reatly desired immediately to send their names 
 to his hous«' in Annnier-street, where tickets are 
 ready to delivei- to the snhscrihers. X.B. Attendance 
 will he ffiven at the Theati-e on each Day of 
 Performance, when Suhscrihei's, on sending- their 
 Subscription Tickets, will have three delivered 
 on each of the four Xig-hts of Performance. 
 Pit, Boxes, and Lattices, Half a (Juinea. First 
 (iallery, 2s. 8d. half p. I'pper (iallery, 2s. 2<1. 
 liadies are requested to sit in the Pit, as well as 
 Boxes, as is the Custom at the Operas and Oratorios 
 in London, for which purpose the Pit seats wall be 
 made thoroug-hly clean. To begin exactly half an 
 Hour after Six. The Printer made a mistake in the 
 last bills; but the Subscribers may depend that 
 (according- to Mr. Arne's proposal) no Person (except 
 Subscribers) will be admitted into Pit, Boxes, or 
 Lattices under Half a Ouinea. Mr. Anie hegs 
 Leave to acquaint the Public, that he has been 
 credibly informM by several worthy Families that the 
 ( Jentlewomen who keep the Saturday Xig-hts Assembly, 
 or some one concern'd with, or commissionM by them, 
 have made it their business to complain of his per- 
 forming- the Subscription Oratorios on that Nig-ht, 
 alledg-ing- that it was done on purpose to prejudice 
 
 ( 31 )
 
 Dlt. ARXE. 
 
 them. Now, so far was that from ]>eing' thoug'ht of, 
 much less intended, that the Gentlemen Proprietors of 
 the Theatre, as well as Mr. Arne, endeavoured their 
 utmost to fix another Nig-lit, but could not, for the 
 f(dlowing' Reasons : The Mondays and Thursdays are 
 taken up with Benefits for six Weeks. On Tuesdays 
 are Yicars-street Consort, and the Bear on College 
 green, which take up all the best Hands. On 
 Wednesday are the Phil Harmonic Society, and Crow- 
 street, where they are likewise engaged. And on 
 Friday is Fishamble Consort, where they are obliged 
 to perform." " The Death of Abel " was repeated on the 
 25th of February. This early oratorio of Arne's was 
 never published, and no manuscript copy of it is known 
 to exist. One song, however, became very popiflar, 
 and was in g-reat request — The Hymn of Eve " : 
 
 How cheerful along the gay mead, 
 The daisy aud cowslip appear. 
 The Flocks as they carelessly feed, 
 Rejoice in the Spring of the year. 
 The Myrtles that shade the gay bow'rs, 
 The Her))age that springs from the Sod ; 
 Trees, plants, cooling frnits, and sweet fiow'rs 
 All rise to the praise of my God. 
 
 The music, very simple and melodious, but without 
 striking evidence of genius, has been frequently 
 reprinted, and arranged in various forms. 
 
 A comedy, "The Rehearsal," with Arne's music, 
 was played on the 1st of March, at the Theatre in 
 Aungier Street, for the benefit of Mr. Basdin ; the 
 singing parts were performed by Mr. Lowe and Mr. 
 Worsdale. The Journal Feb. 28-March 3, 1744, 
 contained the adverfisement announcing' the first 
 
 ( 32
 
 DR. AltyK. 
 
 public performance of Alfred," and the .Tndg-ment 
 of Paris," which t(K)k place on the lOtli of March; 
 and on the 2yth of the same month Comus" was 
 agrain peHormed, for the last time in the season, 
 Mrs. Arne, as a matter of course, representing- 
 Sabrina and the Pastoral Nymph, and singring- the 
 song- Sweet Echo." Lowe was the Bacchanal and 
 Attendant Spirit; and Miss Davis, Euplirosyne. 
 This performance was g-iven at the Theatre in 
 Aung-ier Street, and shortly afterwards Rosamond" 
 was revived at the Theatre Koyal in Smock Alley. 
 It must have been well received, as there were five 
 performances, on the 2nd, 5th, 9th, 10th, and 19tli 
 of April. Mrs. Arne represented Queen Eleanor; 
 Lowe, King- Henry; Layfield, Sir Trusty; Miss 
 Davis, Grideline ; ^Madame Chateauneuf, Rosamond. 
 On the 2nd 'The Merchant of Venice" was 
 also performed with the song-s proper to the 
 Character," sun«' bv Mr. Lowe. Fanlhnevii Joiivnal, 
 7-10 April, contained a Song-, The Scene a Bower," 
 addressed to Mrs. Arne, which may be taken as 
 evidence of her popularity. There are nine verses, 
 commencing- : 
 
 From yonder Bow'r, where blowing' sweets 
 
 Perfume the vernal Air, 
 I hear the music of a voice 
 
 Peculiar to the tuneful Fair. 
 
 On the 2()th of April a performance was g-iven of 
 the tragedy Theodosius, or the Force of Love." This 
 play, written by Lee, was printed in 1680 with five 
 song-s and two choruses composed by Henry Purcell. 
 The libretto was revised for the Dublin performance. 
 The announcement ran, At the particular Desire of 
 
 ( 33 )
 
 hit. AliXE. 
 
 several Persons of Quality, for the Benefit of Mr. 
 Barry, at the Theatre-royal in Smock-alley on Thursday 
 the 26th Inst, will ])e acted a Trag-edy called 
 Theodosius or the Force of Love. The Part of Varanes 
 to be performed by Mr. Barry, being- the first Time (►f 
 his appearing" in that Character. Tickets to be had at 
 Mr. Barry's in Skinner-Row. — As the orig-inal Song-s, 
 and Chorus's of the Play were never performed in this 
 King-dom, for want of Musick and Performances 
 equal to such an Undertaking-; Mr. Arne has been 
 prevailed upon to set the same to new Musick." 
 Purcell's music was published in 1680; copies of it 
 are now very rare. It consisted of five song-s and two 
 choruses. Arne's music was never printed, and only 
 one manuscript score of it is known.^ An examinafion 
 of that copy shows that Arne wrote music for nine 
 pieces — four airs and five choruses, very short move- 
 ments. The words are not those set by Purcell, 
 excepting- one air and one chorus. The solos 
 are written for soprano and contralto voices ; the 
 orchestration for string-s, two oboes, and two horns. 
 
 The last appearance of Mr. and Mrs. Arne in Dublin, 
 during- the year 1744, was at the Great Room in 
 Fishamble Street on Wednesday, the 30th of May, 
 when The Judg-ment of Paris " and Alfred " were 
 performed for their joint benefits. Particulars respect- 
 ing- this event will be found on pag-e 124. The season 
 being- ended, Arne and his wife returned to Eng-land, by 
 way of Parkgate and Chester. During- their stay in the 
 last named city the youth Charles Bnrney was intro- 
 duced to Arne, and having- exhibited his skill as a 
 
 * In the King's* Library, Buckingham Palace. 
 
 ( 34 )
 
 DR. AJtyK. 
 
 lu'rfoniu'r oii tlic liiirpsiclnn-d iMM-anic :iii iirticled i)iii)i1 
 »)t" tlic popular coniijoscr, with w lioiii lie .j(»unu'y('(| to 
 London. I pon liis anival in the Metropolis, Arne 
 resumed liis connectictn with Dniry Lane Theatre as 
 composer, and ohtained an enjra^ement there for his 
 wife as Serious Sing-er." The year 1745 was a 
 prospercnis one for hotli Arne and his wife — they were 
 in constant employ at the Theatre and in concerts. 
 
 On the "iOth of March, Mrs. Arne had a benefit at 
 Drury Lane Theatre, when AUVed" was iJeHorme*! 
 for the tirst tinu' in Jjondon. The details of this 
 interesting and memorable occasion will be sriven 
 in connection with Rule. liiitannia."* 
 
 On the death of (Gordon, the leader of the 
 orchestra at Drury Lane, Arne accepted the appoint- 
 ment which was virtually that of conductor. This 
 was a welcome addition to his importance and income. 
 
 A letter ^vritten by Mrs. Cibber to Garrick, dated 
 the 1st of May, 1745, yives interesting- evidence of 
 the amicable relations between Arne and Garrick at 
 that time : I am very g-lad to hear you are 
 better, and if you dare venture out, shall be g-lad of 
 your company at dinner. As you are an invalid, 
 pray send nie word what you can eat, and at what 
 hour you will dine. I shall send Tom [Arne] to meet 
 you, and am Sir Da^id, Your most faithful friend 
 and servant, to command till death." 
 
 On Saturday, the 28th of September, 1745, occurre<l 
 a memorable scene in the Theatre Royal. Drniy 
 Lane. The DniJif A(Jveiiisvr |tnl>Iislied on the Monda\ 
 following- describes it thus: "' On Saturday night 
 last, the audience of the Theatre Hoyal. Drury Lane, 
 were ag-reeal)ly surprised l>y the (Gentlemen belonging- 
 
 ( 3:-, )
 
 DR. ARXE. 
 
 to that House perforiniiig" the Aiitliein of God save 
 our noble King-. The universal Applause it met 
 with, being" encored with repeated Huzzas, sufficiently 
 denoted in how just an Abhorrence they hold the 
 arbitrary Schemes of our insidious Enemies, and 
 detest the despotick Attempts of Papal power." 
 The Anthem was repeated nig-htly till nearly the 
 end of November, and the manag"ers of Covent 
 Garden Theatre followed suit. The arrang-ement of 
 the Anthem for Drury Lane was made by Arne, 
 who had for principal singers Mrs. Cibber, Mr. 
 Beard, and Mr. Reinhold. Mrs. Cibber being- a 
 contralto, the music had to be sung in a low key. 
 Arne's autograph manuscript written for the occasion 
 is in the British Museum : it will be interesting to 
 see the melody of God save the King" as then 
 sung : 
 
 ^^^^S^^ 
 
 T2L 
 
 :\=z^. 
 
 Arne's pupil Burney made the arrangement of 
 God save the King" for Covent Garden Theatre; 
 the enthusiasm excited at that theatre fully equalled 
 that of Drury Lane. Benjamin Victor, in a letter he 
 wrote to Garrick on the 10th of October, 1745, said 
 " the stag-e, at both houses, is the most pious, as 
 well as the most loyal place in the three kingdoms. 
 
 ( 36 )
 
 />/.'. ARXK. 
 
 Twenty men appear at the end of every plu} ; uiid 
 one, stepping" forward from the rest, with uplifted 
 hands and eyes, heffins sins-inpr, to an old anthem 
 tune, the following" words — God save the King"." 
 
 In this year, 1745, Arne was appointed composer 
 to Vauxhall (Jardcns. for which fashioiiahle place of 
 amusement he wrote a considerable number of s(»ngs, 
 ballads, and a dialogue Colin and Phojbe," which 
 was sung every evening throughout the season l>y 
 Mrs. Arne and Mr. Lowe. Eng"agements of a similar 
 character at Marylebone Gardens and Ranelagh g"ave 
 great scope for his talents, and nnist have kept liim 
 fully occupied. 
 
 In 1746, on the 17tli of January, a farce, Miss 
 in her Teens," written by (iarrick, with music by 
 Arne, was produced at Covent Garden Theatre. On 
 the 31st of January Shakespeare's Tempest "was 
 revived at Drury Lane Theatre. The General Advertiser 
 announced the perfornninces, " Drury Lane. Xever 
 Acted there before. By His JMajesty's Company of 
 Comedians. At the Theatre lioyal, Drury Lane, this 
 Day will l)e presented a Play call'd The Tempest, 
 as written l)y Shakespeare: with the original 
 Decorations, pai'ticularly the Grand Masque, new 
 set to music by Mr. Arne. The Part of Ariel (with 
 the proper songs) by Mrs. Clive." This was the 
 birthday of the beautiful melody, " Where the bee 
 sucks," a song whose freshness and charm never 
 tire, and a tuneful combination of poetry and music 
 destined to endure so long as the concord of sweet 
 sounds has the power of touching human hearts. 
 
 Another interesting letter fndu Mrs. Cibber to 
 Garrick, dated 8th of Apiil, 174(>, contains several 
 { 37 )
 
 DR. ARXK. 
 
 references to her brother : — My l)rother is to thank 
 you for my playing- for him .... Tom Arne sends 
 his service : he is forced to put his pit and boxes 
 tog-ether, which I reckon will be no advantage to 
 him, ladies' hoops taking" up more room than the 
 difference of price." 
 
 In 1748, Mrs. Ai-ne left Drury Lane Theatre, 
 and went to Dublin with her sister, Mrs. Lampe, a 
 sing-er of repute and wife of the composer of The 
 Drag"on of Wantley.'' Previous reference has been 
 made to Mrs. Arne's frequent attacks of illness ; 
 one of these prevented her undertaking- work in the 
 early part of the Dublin season; and it was not 
 before the 11th of November that she was able to 
 sing- in public. On that day she took part in Handel's 
 
 Esther," being- recovered from her late illness." 
 She next sang- the part of Galatea in Handel's 
 
 Acis" on the 18tli, and at a repetition performance 
 on the 25th. Faulkner's Journal of Nov. 19-22, 
 reported that Mrs. Arne (tho' but just recovered 
 out of a violent Fever) g-ave entire satisfaction." 
 In the following- December (on the 16th) she sang- 
 in Handel's Solomon"; and on the 7th of February, 
 1749, had a benefit concert at the Fishamble Street 
 Music Hall, when she took the part of Galatea 
 in Handel's Acis," and she with her sister, Mrs. 
 Lampe, introduced several favourite Song-s and 
 Duets." 
 
 Arne had a son, born in 1740 or 1741 (Dr. 
 Burney says, he was a natural son"), who inherited 
 some of his father's g-ifts for music. These were 
 encourag-ed and developed, and we find, among-st 
 Arne's compositions, song-s composed for the youth, 
 
 ( 38 )
 
 iJlt. AllM:. 
 
 wIk. was iiitnxlueed to the pii)»lic l)y his father at 
 Marylcbone ( Janlens. Two excelU'iit printed exainpU's 
 are " lanthe and Iphis, snn^'- by Master Arne, at 
 Maryhon (Jardcns' — and "An thon wert mine «nvn 
 Thinj?, snny l»y Master Arne at Marybon Gardens." 
 The youth became well known as a composer and 
 performer in London and Dulthn. One (►f his songrs, 
 popular to-day, ''The lass with a delicate air," is 
 sometimes ascribed in erroi- to his father. 
 
 In 1752 Arne eonipose<l music for " liarletiuin 
 Sorcerer," an old pantomime in which Rich had 
 many years before made a great success. The per- 
 formanee tocdv place at Covent (Jarden Theatre (.n 
 the Utb of February, and there was an overwhelming,'- 
 demand for seats; the doors were therefore opene<l 
 at three o'clock in the afternoon. The performers 
 included :Mrs. Arne, Mrs. Lampe, Mr. Lowe, Mr. 
 Leff|?e, and a Chorus. The nmsic was published by 
 Walsh, who appears to have had a business contract 
 with the composer. The foiliminy- letter, by Arne, 
 addressed to William Sheustone, the poet, throws li^ht 
 on the subject : " Nov. ye 30, 1754. Siu-By the hands 
 of Mr. Dodsley, I receivM your very oblij-inj,'- letter, 
 and wou'd tor my own Pleasure comply ^^^th 
 your Kequest ; but Mr. Dodsley "s interest in this 
 Particular interferes with mine; for if he prints 
 my Music in his Publication, I shall lose the sale of it 
 to Mr. Walsh [the Kinjr's Music- Printer^ who ffives 
 me 20 g-uineas for every Collection I conipose— 
 consisting of eight or nine Songs, and who wou'd 
 not give a shilling for any Thing that another had 
 first publish'd. Of tiiis I acquainted Mr. Dodsley, 
 who did not seem inclinM to make any iJratuity for 
 
 ( 39 )
 
 DR. ARNE. 
 
 the Loss. Any Song-, Cantata, or Dramatic Piece 
 from so delicate a Pen, whereby I should not 
 considerably lose to promote another's Gain, wou'd 
 be the most welcome present I con'd receive, stamp 
 an additional Reputation on my Music, and highly 
 oblig-e. Sr. your most obedt. servt. Thos. Aug-ne. 
 Arne, Charles Street, Covent Garden." 
 
 That Arne's music had obtained repute inEdinburg-h, 
 is shown by an advertisement in the Caledonian 
 Mercnnj of the 6th of March, 1752: "New Musick. 
 Now in the press and will be ready by the beg"inning- 
 of April next, and delivered to subscribers. All the 
 Songs, Duettos, and Trios in the Masque of Comus 
 composed by Thomas Augustine Arne, as adapted 
 to the Harpsichord and Voice, and all the Song-s, 
 Duettos and Trios in the Burlesque Opera, called 
 the Drag-on of Wantley composed by the g-reat 
 John Frederick Lampe, likewise adapted to the 
 Harpsichord and Voice. The above words may 
 occasionally be accompanied with Violin or German 
 Flute and Violoncello. This manner of reducting- 
 them to avoid the Perplexity of the different parts in a 
 score which confound young- practitioners was finished 
 by Mr. Lampe in his lifetime, ' and the proofs of the 
 Plates have been revised and corrected by Mr. Arne." 
 
 In May, 1754, Arne Avent to Edinburgh, possibly 
 on business in connection with the publications 
 announced in the above advertisement. Be that as 
 it may, the Caledonian 3Iercu)-y of the 23rd of 
 May contained the following- notice: — For the 
 benefit of Mr. Arne. At the Assembly Hall on 
 
 * Lampe tiled at Edinburgh in 1751. His wife Mas sister 
 to Mrs. Arne. 
 
 ( 40 )
 
 hi;, arm:. 
 
 Monday, liTtli May, A Concert of Vocal and Instru- 
 mental Miisick. The Vocal part to be pei-tonned l»y 
 Miss Kodburn, and the Instrumental by Mr. Pasquali, 
 Mr. Arne and others. To bejLfin Precisely at (>. 
 Tickets, 2/6. To be had at Mr. Arue's Lodg-ino-s, 
 at Mr. J(dmston's, Wis"maker, head of Chalmer's 
 Close, and at the Old and Jidin's Coffee houses." 
 
 In the autumn of 1755, Arne and his wife ajraiii 
 visited Duldin. They were accompanied by a numlu'r 
 of capable vocalists, Miss Youn«-, Mrs. Arne's sister, 
 her six-year-old niece Miss P(dly Vounjr,* and Miss 
 Charlotte Hrent ; they resided together in Fishamble 
 Street, at the Passag-e Door next the (Jcdden 
 Scales. Arne advertised in Faulkner's Jounuil. (h-i. 
 4-7 : To the Public. Mr. Arne, who is arrived in 
 this Kino-ilom, with several Vocal Pei-formers. haviiiy 
 airreed with .Managers of the Theatre Koyal, Proposes, 
 by Subscription, to entertain the Town Ten Nights, 
 with Three Operas in the English Lang-uage, (viz.^i : 
 A new Opera callM Eliza. An Opera calTd Alfred, 
 and, an Opera call'd the Fairies. The Subscription 
 is, this Day, opened at the Office of the Theatre in 
 Smock Alley, whci-e Attendance will be g-iveii every 
 Day from Twelve to Three. Ten Box Tickets for 
 the ten Performances will be delivered to each 
 Subscriber for two (iuineas. — The first Performanee 
 will be in the Beg-inniug- of Xovember. N.H. The 
 Orchestra will be cousideraltly enlarged, an Additional 
 Nund)er of the best liistrumeutal Performers cimaii'd, 
 and Mr. Arne will accompauy the Ojxmms on ihe 
 Harpsichord." 
 
 '^ Miss Polly Young' was I lie (Ijiiijrliler of Cliarlt'^ Young-, 
 Mrs. Arne's hrotlu'r. 
 
 ( -11 )
 
 DR. ARSE. 
 
 This advertisement was repeated several times, 
 with the additional information that there would he 
 "a fine Org-an put up" and that "Places for the 
 Boxes for the said Nights of Performance, to he 
 taken at the Office of the Theatre from 12 to 3, 
 or of Mr. Neil, at his House in Ahbey-street." In 
 consequence of the illness of Mrs. Arne, the Journal 
 of 8-11 Nov. stated:— "The Opera of Eliza is 
 ohhg-ed to he deferred to the 27th, on Account of 
 the Indisposition of a principal Performer." The 
 opera was again postponed to the 29th, when it 
 was given "By Command of his Excellency the 
 Marquis of Hartington," and the whole House was 
 illuminated with Wax Lights." Printed hooks 
 of the opera were "published and sold by Mr. Hoey, 
 at the Mercury in Skinner-Row, and at the Theatre, 
 at a British Sixpence each. The Journal g-ave a 
 report of the performance: On Saturday last, at 
 the Theatre-Royal in Smock-Alley, was perform'd 
 Mr. Arne's new Opera callM EHza: The noble 
 and splendid Appearance, and the great and just 
 Applause throughout the whole Performance, were 
 strong Indications of the good Taste reigning in 
 this Kingdom, and a generous, though proper 
 Compliment to that great Master of his Science, Mr. 
 Ai-ne, — Mrs. Arne, whose Excellence is well known, 
 had the Misfortune of a violent Hoarseness, and 
 rose from her Bed in a Fever to perform ; Mr. 
 Sadler and Miss Brent, were greatly approv'd ; but 
 Miss Polly Young, a Child of six Years of Age, 
 pleased and astonished the whole Company, having 
 a sweet melodious voice, accenting her Words with 
 g-reat Propriety, and Singing perfectly in Time and 
 
 42
 
 DR. ARXK. 
 
 TuiH'. Tlie Poem is, by all juds-es of g-ood Writinpr, 
 thought excellent ; the Orchestra was full, aud 
 perforiu'd without a Fault ; but the Judgrenient, Taste, 
 Expression, and Variety of the Music would l)e 
 injured in an Attempt to connnend it." The perfor- 
 mance was repeated on Thursday the 4th, and 
 Saturday the -iOth of December. Arne's opera 
 " Hosamon<r' was played (m the 31st, with Mrs. Arne 
 as Queen Eleanor; Miss Brent, Rosamond; Grideline, 
 Miss Young-; Pag-e, Miss Polly Young- ; King- Henry, 
 Mr. Sadler. Mr. Arne con<lucted. The (►pera was 
 repeated with the same east on the 9tli of January, 
 1756; and on the 21st and 20th of the same 
 month C'omus" was performed under the com- 
 poser's conductorship l)y Mrs. Arne, Miss Brent, 
 Miss Spencer, Mr. Sadler and Mr. C(nry. 
 F(iHll-ner\'< Jounud, 20-24 .Jan., 175(>, contained an 
 "Ode to Apollo," without author's name. The 
 following- verses, if written by one of the public, 
 show that Arne and his wife were held in the highest 
 estimation by music-lovers : 
 
 lliii-k! liark ! what iiolcs cnclianl iii.\ Kais, 
 Sweet as the miisieU oi' the Sphere-^ ? 
 'Tis ARNE the (ictds' Vieegercni (•(iiucs. 
 Now vaiiisli Kackels, Houls, and Dniin-: 
 And wiili him eonie <he Muses Hand in Hand, 
 To see fulfilled Apollo's great eonnnand. 
 
 See Taste witli Joy its Head njjrenrs, 
 Kais'd by Arne's lieav'nly Airs; 
 Skill'd Avitli equal INtw^r t' inspire 
 Irene's youlh with niai-tial Fii-e, 
 And lull to Rest, uith Soul-delight iny Sound-, 
 The I'ains of Grief, and heal Love's hleediny- Wimiid-. 
 ( 1-! )
 
 DR. ARXE. 
 
 Not he that chanii'd the Thracians' Plains, 
 E'ei" tun'd his Lyre to softer strains ; 
 Nor does the AvarJiling Bird of Night 
 More than his sweet-song'd Spouse delight. 
 say ! what Price or Gifts can both engage 
 Here to remain, to save a sinking age ? 
 
 Ill the following- February (24-28) the Joiinidl 
 aiiuouiiced : The Play called the Tempest^ or the 
 Inchaiited Island (with all the orig-inal Mnsick) is 
 now in Rehearsal at the Theatre Royal, and ^^ill 
 l)e performed next Week. The Part of Ariel l)y 
 Miss Brent, being her first Appearance in that 
 Character, Neptnne by Mr. Sadler, Aniphitrite by 
 Miss Spencer, and Mr. Arne will accompany the 
 Musick on the Harpischord." Mrs. Arne, Miss 
 Brent and Miss Spencer sang- at a concert g-iven on 
 the l7th March, in aid of the Meatli Hospital, and 
 three days later, the 20th, were engaged in a 
 performance of Comns " for the benefit of Mr. 
 Arne; the Masque of Comus'' was followed by 
 a Farce (never acted before) called, The Pincushion : 
 Being a Manuscript of the celebrated Mr. Gay's, 
 Author of the Beggar's Opera. The Songs 
 adapted to favourite Ballad Airs of Mr. Arne's. 
 The Characters by Mr. Sadler, Mrs. Pye, Miss 
 E. Young, and Miss Brent." The Jounml informed 
 the public that the Masque of Comus will be 
 performed in a most elegant Manner on Mr. Arne's 
 Benefit night next Saturday, that two Rows of the 
 Pit will be taken in to inlarge the Orchestra, and 
 Mr. Arne will accompany the musical Part. We 
 are further assured that the new pastoral ballad 
 Farce called The Pincushion, which will likewise 
 
 ( 44 )
 
 I)l(. ARM-:. 
 
 then be perforino<l, is a real INTamiseript of that 
 celebrated I'oet Mr. (Jay, Author of the IJcti-yarV 
 Opera, and that Soiiy-s arc adapted l»y .Mi-. Anic 
 several of which arc \cw."' 
 
 A benefit for Mrs, Kiiowles, on the 2iid of .\i)ril. 
 was g"iven for which Ariie composed music. The 
 advertisement announced: Act tin? 2n«l, A Duetto 
 between Mr, Sadler and ^Ir, Butler, accompanied 
 with French Horns, etc., called The Death oi the 
 Stay-. The Music composed l»y Mr, Arne ! " At the 
 end of the play ' by particular desire" Miss Hrent 
 sang-, Where the bee sucks." The duet with 
 French horns was doul)tless composed to c.\hil)it 
 the skill of ' Mr, Charles and his Second." On 
 the 5th of May, Miss Spencer had a benefit at the 
 Theatre, when she introduced A new Ballad callM 
 Kitty, or the Fenuile Phaeton ; the woi-ds by Prior, 
 set by Mr, Arne." This song- became a favourite at 
 Kanelayh (iardens. Mrs, Arne contemplated iiiving- 
 a benefit concert and ball in May; the programme 
 was to include music from Arne's Alfred," but 
 after several advertisements and postponements, it 
 was announced that Mrs. Arne is oblig-ed to 
 acquaint the Public that Mr. Arne (by Desire) 
 intending one capital l^erformance of Alfred 
 licfore his Departure from this Kin<irdom, she will 
 make no other I5enefit on her own Account, and 
 those Tickets which are disposed of aniony her 
 Friends will be then taken, on paying- the additional 
 Price." Subsequent advertisement announced: By 
 Special (N)mmand of their Kxcellencies the Lords 
 .lustices. — F(n- the Benefit of Mr. an«l Mrs. Arne. 
 At the Great Music-hall in Fishamble-street, on 
 
 ( 45 )
 
 DR. A HNK. 
 
 Tuesday, the 25th of this Inst., May, will be 
 performed, in the Manner of an Oratorio, Alfred 
 the Great, composed by Mr. Arne, at the special 
 command of His late Koyiil Hig"hness, Frederic, 
 Prince of Wales, and orij^inally performed in his 
 Palace at Cliefdon. Mr. Arne will accompany the 
 Performance on the Harpsichord, and Mr. Walsh 
 will perform a Concerto on the Org-an. The Vocal 
 Parts to be performed by Mrs. Arne, Mr. Sadler, 
 Miss Brent, Miss Spencer, Miss Young- and Miss 
 Polly Young-. Ticket, a British Crown. All out- 
 standing- Tickets, for the Opera of Eliza and the 
 Tickets delivered by Mrs. Arne, will be taken. 
 After the Performance (by Desire) will be a Ball, 
 conducted in the most eleg-ant Manner, on Account 
 of which the Performance will beg-in at Seven. 
 Tickets to be had only of Mr. Arne, at the Passag-e 
 Door next the Golden Scales, in Fishamble-street." 
 After this performance in 1756, Arne appears to 
 have left Dublin, and probably never revisited that 
 city. Mrs. Arne remained in Dublin with her 
 niece. Miss Polly Young-, who had a benefit at the 
 Smock Alley Theatre on the 8th of July, and was 
 assisted by Miss Young- and Miss Brent. The 
 Young-s sang- also at a benefit concert given for 
 Miss Polly Young-, at Marboroug-h Green, on the 
 7th of September. It seems pretty clear that Arne 
 deserted his wife at this time, and that the fact 
 soon became known to many in Dublin. An 
 
 Assembly" was announced for her benefit early in 
 December, but was postponed from time to time ; 
 finally, the Jourmd, March 5-8, 1767, announced : 
 
 Mrs. Arne, having- opened the Music -Hall in 
 
 ( 46 )
 
 Aum:, j;v iJAUTui.uzzi. 
 
 l-\u-c ji, 46.
 
 Iti;. MiXK. 
 
 Fishanible-Street for her Benefit on Saturday 
 the l"2tli of Feb., under «irreat Disadvanta^'-cs, is 
 advise<l by her Friends (who had Notice of that 
 Ni'ii'lit, uu(} (ire senftihle of lur Losses) to h'\ on 
 Thursday, the lOth of Mareh, for her H.'nefit and 
 Miss Young-'s, when the Ladies and (lentlenien who 
 will honour them with their Couipaiiy. may (lepcnd 
 they shall on no Account Ix' disappointed. — N.l». The 
 Tickets jj-iven out for the different Nig-lits she has 
 advertised will be taken, and others had of Mrs. 
 Arne, at her Lodf;;inys in Aunt^ier-street and at the 
 Music-Hall. Price 5s. (Jd." Later in the year 
 (April 24-th) Mrs. Arne and Miss Y(nin<i- «,'-ave a 
 concert. Allusion has already been made to Mrs. 
 Arne's frequent attacks of indisposition, and it is 
 reasonable to think that her husband's conduct would 
 have a iurrave effect on her health and spirits. She 
 seems to have relinquished public performance for a 
 time and retired into private life. A very interesting- 
 glimpse of her is to be found in "The Autobiography 
 and Correspondence of Mary Gran\ille, Mrs. Delany." 
 Writing- to her sister, Mrs. Dewes, frcnn Mount 
 Panther, County Down, on the 8th of August, 1758, 
 she said : Ou Saturday we dined at Mr. Bayly's ; 
 Miss Bayly ha<l g-one (»u a ])arty of pleasure. I was 
 surprised there at meeting- Mrs. Arne (Miss Young- 
 that was) ; they have her in the house io teach 
 Miss Bayly to sing-; she was recomnuMided to Mr. 
 Bayly by Mrs. Berkeley as an object of compassion. 
 She looks, indeed, much humbled, and I hope is as 
 deserving- as they think her to l)e ; gr«'at allowances 
 are to be nuule for the temptations those poor people 
 fall under. She has been severely used by a bad 
 
 ( -17 )
 
 DR. ARNK. 
 
 husband, and suffered to starve, if she had not met with 
 charitable people. She behaves herself very well, and 
 thongh her voice has lost its bloom as well as her 
 face, she sing-s well, and was well taug-ht by Geminiani 
 and Handel, and had she not been idle would have 
 been a charming- sing-er. Mr. Bayly plays on the 
 violin, his curate on the German flute ; Mrs. Arne 
 and Miss Bayly sing-, and a g-irl of nine years old* 
 accompanies them on the harpsichord most sur- 
 prisingly ; she is a niece of Mrs. Arne's ; the race of the 
 Young's are hovn songsters and musicians. It is 
 very ag-reeable to have such an entertainment in 
 our power to g-o to whenever we please." Poor 
 Mrs. Arne! humbled, half-starved, deserted by her 
 husband, losing- her g-ood looks, and the bloom of 
 her voice, sing-s well, and if she had not been idle 
 would have been a charming- sing-er! Mrs. Delany, 
 a g-ifted and kind-hearted woman, was evidently 
 ig-norant of the fact that the lady she criticised 
 was forty-seven years of ag-e, and had been constantly 
 before the public, as a vocalist, for twenty-six years. 
 In the following- January, 1759, Mrs. Arne and 
 Miss Young- were residing- tog-ether in Dublin, at 
 Mrs. Howe's, in Drog-heda Street. A Grand concert 
 of Vocal and Instrumental Musick, followed by a 
 Ball, was given for Mrs. Arne's Benefit at the 
 Fishamble Street Music Hall on the 6th of March, 
 when both appeared and sang-; another benefit 
 performance for Mrs. Arne was g-iven on the 
 I7th of April, when "Much ado about Nothing" 
 was performed. Miss Young-, Mrs. Storer and 
 
 Polly Young. 
 
 ( 48 )
 
 iJli. A USE. 
 
 Mr. Wilder were the vocalists. A Ijeiiefit concert 
 and ball, for Mrs. Ariie, was griven on the 10th (tf 
 Deceniher ; she had then removed to Mrs. Lee's, 
 in AYilliani-street." It is significant that she did 
 not sing- on this occasion, nor is there any evidence 
 of her appean'ng- ag-ain before the Dublin public ; a 
 Grand Ball was announced for the lienetit of Mrs. 
 Arne and Miss Young- at the Fishand>le Street ]Music 
 Hall on the 25th of November, when it was stated : 
 "Before the jNIiuuets IMiss Young- will sing- some 
 capital Songs, accompanied by herself on the 
 Harpsichord." 
 
 Mr. Arne had been fully eng-ag-ed in the 
 various g-ardeus and theatres in London. At 
 Covent Garden Cymbeline" was produced, with 
 song-s by him. His pupil. Miss Brent, had 
 appeared at Drury Lane Theatre, in his opera 
 "Eliza," on jNhirch the 3rd, 1758, and at Covent 
 Garden on the lOtli of October, 1759, as P(dly, in 
 the "Beggar's Opera.'" On the 6th of July, 1759, 
 the University of Oxford conferred upon Arne the 
 deg-ree of "Doctor in Music."* It is said that he 
 composed an Ode which he submitted to the 
 authorities ; but no copy of it is known to exist. 
 
 In 1760, (m the 28th of November. Dr. Arne's 
 musical entertainment " Thonuis and Sally," written 
 by Bickerstaff, was produced at Covent Garden 
 Theatre. INliss Brent nuide a g-reat success both as 
 singer and actress; the other vocalists included 
 Mr. Beard, Mrs. Vernon, and Mr. Mattocks. The 
 piece obtained immediate and lasting- popularity. 
 
 * lie liad been stii(lyin<>- <lie sciciuv of music iiiuler (ht> 
 learned Dr. Pepiiseli. 
 
 ( 49 )
 
 DR. ARXK 
 
 The iniisic was published with the following- title : 
 Thomas and Sally, or the Sailor's Return, a 
 Dramatic Pastoral, with the Overture in score, sougfs, 
 (lialog-ues, duettos and dance tunes, as performed 
 at the Theatre Royal in Covent Garden by Mr. Beard 
 and Miss Brent, Mr. Mattocks, Mrs. Vernon, 
 and chorus. The music compos'd by Doctr. 
 Arne. London Printed for J. Walsh, in Catherine 
 Street, in the Strand. Enter'd at Stationers' Hall." 
 In 1761, on the 27th of February, at Drury Lane 
 Theatre, Arne broug-lit out his oratorio Judith," 
 one of his most important compositions. The Public 
 Advertiser of the above date, announced: "At the 
 Theatre Royal in Drury-Lane, This Day, will be 
 performed a new Sacred Oratorio call'd Judith. 
 The Music composed by Dr. Arne, with a Concerto 
 on the Org-an. Pit and Boxes will be laid tog-ether 
 at Half a Guinea. First Gallery 5s. Upper Gallery 
 3s. 6d. Tickets for the Pit and Boxes may be had 
 of Mr. Varney, at the Stag-e-Door of the Theatre. 
 To l)eg-in at half an hour after Six o'clock." The 
 following- day a brief notice appeared in the same 
 journal, which said: Last Nig-lit the new sacred 
 Oratorio call'd Judith, was performed at the Theatre 
 Royal in Drury Lane, to a most polite Audience, 
 who gave it the g-reatest Approbation and Applause 
 ever known, on the Occasion." Evidence of the 
 success of the oratorio is the repetition of it on the 
 4th and 6th of March. It was also ag-ain performed 
 in Lenten season of 1762 at the theatre. In 1764, 
 on February 29th, it was performed at the Chapel of 
 the Lock Hospital, Grosvenor Place, Pimlico, on 
 behalf of the funds of the charity. A more notable 
 
 ( 50 )
 
 J}H. MiXK. 
 
 ropetitiou took i)laco iit Covoiit (Jardcn Tlioatro on tlio 
 2()tli of l"\'l>riiaiy 177:>, when for the first tiiiic ladit-s 
 formed a part of the chorus ; before this time the 
 treble chorus was coiitiiied to boys' voices. This 
 happy innovation of Dr. Ariie's was well received; the 
 Pithllr Advertiser said: "The Orat<>rio of .hidith, 
 comp(>sed by Dr. Arne, which was performed at the 
 Theatre Royal in Covent (Jarden, yesterday evenin.ii-, 
 was received with uncommon Applause. The principal 
 sing-ers acquitted themselves to the utmost Satisfaction 
 of the Audience. Mr. liarthelemon was greatly 
 admired in his Solo on the Violin, and too much 
 cannot he said of Siynor Spandan's Concerto on the 
 French Horn, as it surpassed any l\'rformauce on that 
 Instrument hitherto heard in this Ccunitry. The 
 strikin<i' Appearance of the Band and Chorus, which 
 were much more numerous than they usually have 
 been, received a most pleasing- Addition from the 
 Female Singers, then first introduced." It is somewhat 
 remarkable that the Pianoforte wa.s first used in puldic 
 as an accompaniment for the voice when a song" from 
 "Judith" was sung- at Covent Garden Theatre by 
 Miss Brickler^ni the 10th of May, 1767. The playbill 
 announced that after the first Act of the ' Beg-g-ar's 
 Opera," " Miss lirickler will sing- a favourite song- from 
 Judith, accompanied by Mr. Dibdiii, on a new instru- 
 ment called Piano Forte." The published score of the 
 music of "Judith "has for title, ".luditli an Oratorio as 
 it is PerformM at the Theatre-Koyal in Drury Lane, 
 Composed by Dr. Arne, London. Printed for J. AValsh 
 in Catherine Street in the Strand." This volume 
 unfortunately does not contain a single chorus. The 
 Overture is scored for String-s, Hautboys, Bassoon 
 ( '.1 )
 
 DR. ARXK. 
 
 and Horns. It opens with a spirited Allegro, followed 
 by a short Andante movement for string's only ; the 
 other instruments resumein the final AUeg-ro Moderato. 
 A solo, " Wake, my harp," which was sung- hy Mrs. 
 Cornelys, is accompanied hy string-s, violins pizzicato, 
 harp and harpsichord in a very effective manner. 
 In an air, "Haste to the g-ardens of delig-ht," sung- 
 by Mr. Tenducci, two flutes are added to the 
 orchestration ; and in another air. With heroes and 
 sages," also snng- by Tenducci, we find the bassoons 
 haA^e parts independent of the basses, a somewhat 
 novel departure at the period when Arne wrote. An 
 air, "No more the Heathen shall blaspheme," sung- 
 by Mr. Fawcett, has the novel accompaniment of 
 two violoncellos and bass; no other instruments 
 until the last four bars of symphony, when the 
 violins are introduced. Fortunately the composer's 
 autog-raph score exists in the British Museum, and 
 in that we find much of interest. It exemplifies in 
 some deg-ree the well-known haste and carelessness 
 of the composer; there are sundry memoi-anda, 
 such as "take care of the Instrumental parts where 
 I have mistaken the lines," "Bassoons in semi- 
 briefs," &c. The choruses are in this case his own; 
 there was no bornmdng- from Handel. The first, 
 "Father of mercies," is short— only thirty-seven bars. 
 The next, "When Israel wept," is also short and 
 good. " Hear, ang-els, hear " extends to one hundred 
 and twenty-six bars ; Hail, immortal Bacchus," 
 eig-hty-five bars; "Prepare the g-enial bower," 
 eig-hty-seven bars ; and the next, a very fine chorus, 
 "who can Jehovah's wi-ath abide," one hundred 
 and eig-ht bars; "Breathe the pipe," sixty-two 
 
 ( 52 )
 
 DR. ARXE. 
 
 bars ; and the last chorus, Here, sons of Jacob," 
 written in five vocal parts for soprano, alto, tenor 
 and bass, sixty-four bars. Dr. Arne was remark- 
 able for his deficient memory respecting" thins-s 
 trifling" in themselves, yet sometimes of considerable 
 consequence as connected with other matters. If 
 he made an appointment to meet a friend, whetiicr 
 for the purpose of business or amusement, he wtuild 
 probably mistake the day; if he wrote an order f(n- the 
 theatre, it was equally probable that the play would 
 be misnamed, or that the frank would bear a wrong- 
 date. On one occasion, when he had prepared an 
 elaborate Ode, he had it rehearsed, and announced the 
 day for its pul>lic performance. The g-reat room at 
 the Crown and Anchor * was crowded with company 
 impatiently waiting- for their expected gratifica- 
 tion. Arne arrived at the tavern-door in a fiacre, 
 leaped out with the score under his arm, and 
 left the parts behind him. When the doctor 
 discovered his neglect, he was in the condition of a 
 madman. Persons were dispatched in all directions 
 in search of the coach, but it could not be found ; 
 and the band and company were subjected to the 
 uu)rtificatiou of l)eing- dismissed — the first without 
 performing-, and the latter without hearing-, a note 
 of the prepared Ode. Could this have been the Ode 
 which, it is said, he composed as an exercise for his 
 deg-ree ? Arne, by his connection with the theatres, 
 had constant opportunities for cultivating- the 
 
 * The Crown and Aiiclior, in the Strand, was a favonrlte 
 I'osori for conccrl-yi vers. In my yctnllifnl (la>s llie "Al)l)ey 
 Glee Club" anil oilier Miisieal Soeielies met (liere.— \V. 11. C. 
 
 ( 03 )
 
 DR. ARNE. 
 
 acquaintance of Italian sinsrers, and of keeping" np 
 his knowledge of the Italian lang-uag-e ; he was 
 evidently influenced in his later compositions by this 
 familiarity. The simplicity of his melodies became 
 disfig^ured by excessive ornamentation, and was the 
 subject of adverse criticism. The scurrilous poet, 
 Churchill, in 1761, published the Rosciad," a satire 
 on actors, in which he violently attacked Arne : 
 
 Let Tommy Arne, Avith usual pomp of style, 
 Whose chief, Avliose only merit 's to compile, 
 Who, meanly pilfering- here and there a ))it, 
 Deals music out, as Murphy deals out wit ; 
 Publish proposals, laws for taste prescribe, 
 And chaunt the praise of an Italian tribe ; 
 Let him reverse Kind Nature's first decrees. 
 And teach e'en Brent a method not to please : 
 But never shall a truly British age 
 Bear a vile race of eunuchs on the stage : 
 The boasted work 's called national in vain, 
 If one Italian voice pollute the strain. 
 Where tyrants rule, and shives Avith joy obey. 
 Let slavish minstrels pour th' enervate lay ; 
 To Britons far more noble pleasures spring- 
 In native note, Avhile Beard and Vincent sing-. 
 
 Arne's Italian proclivities induced him to translate 
 Metastasio's drama Artaserse," and to transform 
 it into an Opera on the accepted Italian mode, 
 without dialogue. This he did successfully ; the 
 recitatives, however, are long- and dreary, and the 
 poetry is by no means of a high order. For instance, 
 a very favourite air reads : 
 
 Water parted from the sea, 
 
 May increase the river's tide ; 
 To the })ubbling fount may flee 
 
 Or thro' fertile valleys glide : 
 
 ( :a )
 
 JjR. A UXE. 
 
 Yet in search of l()s( repose, 
 
 DooiiiM, like me, forlorn fo ro.iiii, 
 
 Still it iniii'imirs as it Hows, 
 Till i( reach i(s native home. 
 
 The Diiisic of Artaxerxes" lias iiiiich clianii, ami 
 presents excellent harmonization in the accom- 
 paniments, which are sc<)re<l tor strings, fiutes, o])oes, 
 clarinets, hassoons, liorns, trnmpets, and <lrums. In 
 two of the pieces the violetta is employed ; there are 
 also two violas ol)blig'ato, but as was usual with 
 Arne there is no instance of a general ensemble of 
 the instruments employed. In the Air O too 
 lovely," sung by Tenducci, the violins and basses 
 are marked " Sordini e Pizzicati/' The vocal 
 music is quite overladen with ornament, and the 
 compass required for the several voice parts is 
 generally excessive. The opera was produced at 
 Covent Garden Theatre on the 2nd of February, 
 1762; the princii)al performers were jMiss Brent, 
 Mr. Beard, Mrs. \'ernon. Miss Thomas, Mr. jMattocks, 
 and Tenducci and Pesetti, both of whom came under 
 the lash of dnirchiirs satire. The part of ^landane 
 was composed to show off the compass and Hexibility 
 of the voices of the composer's celebrated pupil, 
 Miss Brent, who therefore was the first exponent of 
 the martial song, The soldier tired of war's alarms," 
 which for many succeeding years was the prescribed 
 test for every new soprano wh<> courted i)ublic favour 
 on the stage or in the concert room. This liraMira air 
 with its trumpet obbligato still remains a favourite 
 with competent vocalists and discriminating audiences. 
 Arne sold the copyright of his music for sixty 
 guineas, and it was published with the following 
 
 ( 55 )
 
 DR. ARNE. 
 
 title : Artaxerxes An Eng-lish Opera As it is per- 
 formed at the Theatre Royal in Covent Garden Set 
 to Mnsic by Dr. Arne. London, Printed for John 
 Johnson at the Harp and Crown opposite Bow Chnrch 
 C'heapside." Another edition of the full score was 
 published from Johnson's plates, by Authority," 
 by Mr. William Warrell, No. 35 Tavistock Street, 
 Covent Garden. Price 12s. It is ag-ain worthy of 
 note that Arne did not publish the music of the 
 recitatives in Ai-taxerxes," nor of the concluding- 
 chorus. Live to us, to Empire live." Arne's libretto 
 was published by Tonson in 1763, with a preface 
 w^ritten by the composer. A short extract follows : 
 Metastasio, in his Dialect, seems to affect Simplicity; 
 and from his g-reat Experience in ^vi-iting- for music, 
 has g-iven the following- Plan for the Poetry of an 
 Opera, viz., That the Fable, or Recitative, to which 
 fixed Musical Sounds are adapted, should be simple 
 Dialect; hard and dissonant Epithets (thoug-h ever 
 so forcible in other Respects) being- destructive to 
 Music, and, when sung-, for the chief Pait, un- 
 intellig-ible. That the similes be confin'd to the 
 Song-s; and that the Words, which are to express 
 them, be as smooth and sonorous as possible lest 
 the Composer be cramp'd in his Fancy, and the 
 Sing-ers rendered incapal^le of shewing- their 
 Skill, which chiefly consists in openly displaying- 
 the Tones of their Voices or running- executive 
 Passag-es. 
 
 The Translator of this Opera has no Merit, but 
 from his Endeavour to follow the Author in all these 
 Particulars. He therefore submits this first Attempt 
 of the Kind to the Favour and Indulg-ence of 
 
 ( 56 )
 
 DR. A RNK. 
 
 the Publick, not doiibtiiipr that (if tlioy consider 
 the Ditticnlty of writinj,"- nndcr snch Hestrietions. the 
 Necessity of sometimes departing- from tlie Author, 
 on Aeconnt of the different I(h(»ms of our Lanyiiaye; 
 and of leavintr out many IJeauties in the Narrative 
 Part of the Drama, for the sake of Brevity;) they 
 will rather peruse it with an Eye of Favour than 
 Severity." 
 
 "Artaxerxes" Avas played twelve nig-hts at Covent 
 Garden Theatre during- the season 1762-()3, and 
 twelve nights in the succeeding- season, 1703-64. 
 Seven nig-hts in 1704-65, and nine nig-hts, 1768-69. 
 In this latter season, Drury Lane Theatre performed 
 it for four nig-hts with Mrs. Arne as Mandane. 
 In 1791, the rival theatres competed; C'ovent 
 Garden with the part of ]Mandane by Mrs. Billing-ton 
 as a star, and Drury Lane with Madame Mai-a in 
 that character. On the 23rd of September, 1813, 
 it was reproduced at Covent Garden, for the debut 
 of Miss Stephens, afterwards Countess of Essex. 
 The famous tenor, Uraham, after a temporary 
 absence from the theatre stag-e, g-enerally selected 
 
 Ai-taxerxes" for his reappearance. Artaxerxes 
 was performed at the Theatre l\oyal, Edinburgh, in 
 1769, with Mr. Hose as Artaxerxes; Mr. Phillips, 
 Artabanes; Arbaces, Mr. Tenducci ; Pimines. ^Nlrs. 
 Woodman; Semira. Miss IJnnvn ; and Mandaue 
 by Madame Tenducci.^ The curious part of the per- 
 formance was "the addition of three favourite Scots 
 Airs, the words by Mr. I\. Fergusson." The first 
 of these was "By Heav'n's displeasure," to the 
 
 * The name of Madaiiic Tt'iidiicci \\m^ not piiMicl.N 
 iuinounccd. 
 
 ( r.7 )
 
 DR. ARXE. 
 
 tune Braes of Balanseiie"; the second What 
 doubts oppress," to the tune RosHn Castle"; 
 the third, O where shall I wander," to the tune 
 
 Lochal)er no more." The first and last of these 
 interpolations were sung- by Sig-nor Tenducci. 
 
 On the 8th of December, 1762, Love in a villag-e," 
 by BickerstafP, with music by Dr. Arne, and Beard 
 in the principal character, was broug-ht out at 
 Covent Garden Theatre. Arne was at the time 
 not on friendly terms with Garrick, the manager 
 of Drury Lane, to whom he addressed the following- 
 letter : 
 
 ' Sir — The occasion of my troubling- you with this 
 arises from a wicked repoi-t made by some busy 
 Arg-us, who having- an hundred eyes, and but one of 
 them honest, had ninety-nine too many. Mrs. Gibber 
 not a little amazed me, when she told me I was 
 charg-ed by you with hissing- Master Norris, or, at 
 least, with holding- my head down, in an odd 
 position, whenever he was hissed. — Sir, I cannot 
 remember whether my head was up or down, or 
 inclining- to one side or the other, but take upon me 
 positively to swear, that I never was so mean a rascal 
 as to hiss the g-reatest enemy I ever had in the 
 world, much less a young- lad who never offended me ; 
 who, I then thoug-ht, as I now think, deserved the 
 
 * Mastei' Norris bad been a chorister in Salisbury 
 Cathedral; be was born in 17^*1, and seems to have con- 
 tinued singing soprano up to 17*)2. His voice must have 
 been in a transition state. He sang at the Grloucester 
 Festival of 17<><> as a tenor. He became organist of Cbrist 
 Church Cathedral, Oxford ; a 3Ius. Bac, and* a singer of 
 good repute. 
 
 ( -^8 )
 
 DR. ARNE. 
 
 kindest treatment iniaH-insible ; bein<r surprised, ns 
 well as shocked, to hear and see the bestsin«-er in your 
 company (except Mr. Vernon), though with some 
 material defects, treated in so base and undeserving- a 
 manner, I was so far from inclining- to any such 
 unl)ecomin«- behaviour that I was the only advocate 
 he had, and kept all (luiet about me, except a younsr 
 boy of an officer, who said he <li<l not care for the 
 lad's understanding music, that he squalle<l, and he 
 would hiss him. I would not have g-one to the per- 
 formance, for fear of some scandal from these 
 oltserving- Pickthanks, had I not a friendsliip for 
 Mr. Stevens, the lawyer, and an intention to serve 
 the lad ; and was so unhappy, when I came home, 
 that I could not eat my supper on his account. 
 Whoever told you that I showed any sig-ns of dis- 
 approl)ation is a ])usy lying- scoundrel, which I am 
 ready to assert to his face, and answer the eonseiiuence. 
 Yet, thoug-h neither I, nor my small abilities in my 
 professi(m, nor those of any person l)elong-ing- to me, 
 or in my interest, have ever received the smile of 
 your favour, but, on the contrary, have been g-reatly 
 overlooked and discourag-ed upon my account, I have 
 never failed in my respect to you, and still continue 
 (in spite of ill-treatment) an admirer of your extra- 
 ordinary talents, and, SiK, 
 
 Your real humble servant, 
 
 "Thomas Augustine Arne. 
 "Nov. 10th, 1762." 
 
 (iarrick lost no time in replying-. On the same day 
 he wrote to Dr. Arne: " SiE, — There are many 
 mistakes in your letter; and first 1 did not charge you 
 
 ( :•!• )
 
 DR ARXE. 
 
 with liissing" Master Norris ; but Avlien Mrs. Cihber 
 spoke to me about that affair, I tohl her the truth, that 
 yon was charg-ed witli being" in the company of 
 liissers, and tliong-h yon mig-ht not hiss, the persons 
 averred that yon w^ere pleased, and lang"hed at the 
 malcontents abont yon. I thong-ht this affair of so 
 little consequence, and so little willing- am I to hear 
 Pickthanks, as yon politely call them, that I never 
 spoke to the person who accused yon. Mr. Lacy did, 
 and will inform you of the whole. When yon know 
 and see the person in question, you may deliver your 
 own messag-es, for I have too much to do to tronl)le 
 myself about these matters. Your assertion, that 
 neither you nor your abilities, &c., have had a smile 
 of favour from me, has no foundation ; for everybody 
 who knows me, knows that I have always g-iven you 
 your due, as a man of g-enins, but at the same time I 
 had no great reason to applaud your behaviour to me. 
 I never ill-treated a man of g-enius in my life, and I 
 was so far from returning- ill-will tow ards you, that I 
 ag-reed, contrary to my judg-ment, and ag-ainst all 
 rules of reason and policy, that you should make new 
 prices at our theatre for your Oratorio. Therefore 
 you will be much at a loss to particularise the 
 iU-treatment you mentioned ; nor know I of any 
 transactions between us, but your indulg-ing- us 
 wdth an eng-agement with Mr. Fawcett, when 
 you entered into articles with the other house for 
 Miss Brent. 
 
 I am, Sir, 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 " D. Gabrick." 
 
 ( r,o )
 
 DR. arm:. 
 
 In 1750, Ai'Mc and («:in-ick li:i<l some nryotiatidiis in 
 i-et'erence to Miss IJrcnt. Arnc was very aii\i<tiis that 
 Garrick should eng-ajfe her, but t»'nns cnuld not he 
 iiiTiin<'"(Ml . (warrick r('a(hly acciuicsccd in her suix'i-ior 
 merit alleged by Arne, but he told the iJoetor that 
 all his g-eese were swans." Tommy," said he, in 
 his usual familiar way, you should consider that 
 Music is at best )>ut Pickle to my Uoast lieef." — 
 By . . . DaAy," replied the Doctor, your Beef 
 shall be well pickled Itefore I have <lone." Accord- 
 ingly he went to Covent Garden Theatre, and 
 concluded an eng-ag-ement with the manag-er for jNIiss 
 Brent, whose success as Pcdly in the Beg-g-ar's ( )pera " 
 was so tremendous that Drury Lane Theatre was 
 nearly deserted on the nig-hts on which she performed. 
 Arne, of course, transferred his services to Covent 
 Garden, and ' Conius " with his music was played on the 
 8th of October, 1762, with the celel)i-ated Anne Catley 
 in the part of the Pastoral Nymph. In 1703, on the 
 24th of February, Artaxerxes" was again broug-ht 
 forward at Covent Garden, and it was advertised that 
 nothing- under full price would be taken." This was 
 observed l)y Fitzpatrick, the leader of the rioters 
 who had compelled Garrick, at Drury Lane Theatre, 
 to submit to the demand that the public should l)e 
 admitted, as heretofore, to the theatre at half-price 
 after the third act. Accordingly the same nuilcontents 
 attended the performance of Artaxerxes " at Covent 
 Garden, and noisily endeavoured to browbeat the 
 manag-er, ]Mr. Beard. He, however, refused to return 
 to the half-price custom, on the g-round (►f the enormous 
 expenses incurred in the splendid manner in which 
 pieces were g-ot up at Covent (Jarden; he was reuiindcd 
 ( t31 ;
 
 DR. ARNE. 
 
 that Garrick had sul)initte(l after a vain resistance, 
 and he was called on to say whether he would 
 comply with the demand or no ; the answer must 
 he Yes " or No." Beard holdly from the stag-e 
 said, No." The benches, chandeliers, etc., were 
 immediately demolished, and as much injury done 
 as took four or five days to repair." Fitzpatrick 
 and two others were summoned to appear before 
 Lord Mansfield, with the result that the rioting- 
 ceased ; but the actors on the stag-e were nig-htly 
 disturbed by cat-calls and other noises, so that at 
 last Beard was oblig-ed to g-ive way, and resume the 
 long--established custom of half-price. 
 
 In 1764, on December 12th, the oratorio 
 Judith" was repeated, and a new opera mth 
 Arne's music. The Guardian Outwitted," was 
 produced at Covent Garden Theatre. The libretto 
 was also the work of Arne. The music of this 
 opera has disappeared, probably in the fire which 
 consumed the theatre in 1808. His Arcadian 
 Nuptials" — a Masque introduced into Perseus and 
 Andromeda " — was also played, with Mr. Beard and 
 Miss Hallam in the principal parts. In 1765, on 
 the 30th of October, Mr. William Mawhood, an 
 intimate friend of Arne's, proposed him as a member 
 of the Madrigal Society, founded in 1741, a worthy 
 assembly of musicians and amateurs who met 
 reg-ularly to practise the best examples of old 
 Eng-lish and Italian madrig-als. The books of the 
 Society, which still exist, show that Arne paid 
 six shillings and sixpence subscription, and that his 
 son, Michael, was elected a member shortly after. 
 In this year Arne composed an Italian opera, 
 
 ( 62 )
 
 hit. ARSE. 
 
 Olimpiadc,"" to a Illtrctto l>y Alctastasio. with a 
 special part for the male soprano Maiiziioli. This was 
 performed at the King-'s Theatre, in the HayniarUct, 
 twice only; we may therefore conchnle it was 
 not a snccess. Arne composed a consi<lerahle 
 amount of music for male voices, unaccompanied, 
 chiefly Glees and Catches. He obtained three 
 prizes for pieces he sent in competition to the 
 Noblemen and Gentlemen's Catch Club (founded in 
 1761). His Glee, "Come, shepherds, we'll follow 
 the hearse," was for many years sunpr after the 
 announcement of the death of a member. The 
 proceedings of the Society were frecinently of a highly 
 convivial nature, and it is to be feared that Arne 
 found them g-reatly to his liking: ; in one instance he 
 outrag-ed g-ood taste and becoming- reverence by 
 composing- a burlesque on a most solenni religious 
 rite, to the words ' Poculum elevatum." 
 
 He deserves credit for his endeavours to popularise 
 vocal concerted music in the theatre and at 
 g-arden entertainments ; he took care not to present 
 his musical prog-rammes without due rehearsal. 
 A letter of his, without date, probably written 
 about 1766, is evidence of this. Dr. Arne's 
 
 compliments to W. Smith desiring- him not to fail 
 meeting- the other g-entlemen concern 'd in the 
 new Catches and Glees, at the Dr.'s house, on 
 Thursday evening- next, exactly at 7 ; having- reason 
 to hope for some continuance of them ; if perform'd 
 with a requisite spirit and humour; l)esides another 
 material employment for him on the Anvil. (.Tan. 
 y* 2d.) West Street, near Litchtield street, Soho. 
 Pray don't forg-et to bring- the part." It may be 
 
 { 63 )
 
 ]>li. ARXE. 
 
 necessary to explain that the Mr. W. Sniitli to whom 
 the al)Ove reminder was sent was not only a sing*er, 
 hut also the eng-raver of many of Arne's publications, 
 and therefore familiar with the use of the anvil ; 
 evidently the composer had music waiting- publication. 
 
 On the 4th of February, 1767, we learn from a 
 note in a private diary kept by Mr. Mawhood that 
 he caird on Dr. Arne and Mic. Arne, and was at 
 the Madrigal " ; probably the Arnes accompanied 
 him. On the 4th of April Mr. Mawhood attended 
 
 Mrs. Arne's and Mr. Pemberton's Benefit : took 
 3 Pit tickets at 3s. each''; on the 9tli of May he 
 
 was at Dr. Arne's and heard y" Catches per- 
 form'"'; on the 29th of December Perform' 
 Dr. Arne's mass at Church." 
 
 On the 12th of May, 1767, Arne conducted a 
 concert of Catches and Glees at Ranelag-h House, 
 described in the Gentleman'' s Magazine as the fii'st 
 of the kind. In the following- year, 1768, a second 
 vocal concert was given by Arne at Drury Lane 
 Theatre ; for the occasion a book of the words was 
 published, with explanatory notes, probably the 
 earliest example of an annotated programme book. 
 The title is. The words of the favourite Catches 
 and Glees which, with the elegant and humorous 
 music, composed by the most eminent masters of 
 the last and present age, will be performed at the 
 Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, on Tuesday, the 
 twenty-first of this instant June, by a considerable 
 number of the best vocal and instrumental performers. 
 The Choral and Instrumental parts are added, to 
 give the Catches and Glees their proper effect, being 
 composed, for that purpose, by Dr. Arne. This 
 
 ( 64 )
 
 hi:, jnx/:. 
 
 pevformaiiee (tlie second of tlio kind rvcr piildicly 
 exhibited in this en- any lviii^tl<nn) is introduced a1 
 the desire oi many persons of (luality, lovers and 
 encourag-ers of good iiarniony and inoffensive humour. 
 London, printed in tlie year MDCtLXViii." There 
 is a preface to the hook exphiiningr what is a 
 Catch and uliat a (ih'e. Arne wrote, "these kinds 
 of entertainment (in the time of .Air. Henry l*urcell) 
 were so much in fashion, that in most poUte 
 families, after dinner and supper, it was a custcnn 
 to lay the choicest collections of Catches and (Uees 
 on the table, and thoug-ht a deficiency of education 
 in those, wlio could not readily perform a pai-t."" 
 The concert commenced with a New Grand Overture 
 by Dr. Arne, and was succeeded by a Catch of his 
 composition, "The family ([uarrel," which g-ained a 
 g-olden prize-medal in the year 17(>4." Next came 
 a Glee composed by Mr. Norris, an " Eleg-iac on the 
 death of his late Royal Hisrhness the Duke of 
 Cumberland." The words of this are: 
 
 O'er William's toml), with love and grief opprest, 
 Britannia mourns her hero, now at rest : 
 Not tears alone; hnt praises too she g'ives, 
 Due to the guardian of our laws and lives; 
 Nor shall that laurel ever fade Avith years 
 Whose leaves are water'd with a nation's tears. 
 
 Those who are acquainted with Braham's popular 
 song-, "The death of Nelson," will recognize the 
 nnacknowledg-ed annexation of the above lines by 
 Mr. S. J. Arnold, who is credited with the 
 authorship of the words. 
 
 The next item in the programme is a Catch by 
 
 Mr. Henry Purcell, "The Soldier and his friend"; 
 
 ( 0.^' ) 
 I-
 
 DR. ARNE. 
 
 then a Catch by Mr. Giardini, Beviamo tutti tre." 
 The words are printed in Italian and English. A 
 Glee by Mr. Baildon, " Prithee friend, fill t'other 
 pipe," ends "The first Interlude. " The second part 
 opens with a Catch by Mr. Henry Purcell, Jack, 
 thou'rt a toper," to which Arne has appended a 
 note, "The words of this last Catch are said to be 
 written by Mr. Henry Pnrcell, wherein, it is obvious, 
 that he meant no elegance, with reg-ard to the 
 poetry ; l)ut made it entirely subservient to his 
 extream pretty desig-n, in the music." The catch 
 orig-inally was a number in the Trag-edy Bonduca," 
 for w hich Purcell composed the music : it was first 
 published in Deliccc Musiccz, in 1696. Arne was 
 probably correct in ascribing- the words to Purcell. 
 The next piece in the book is called a Glee, but 
 should have been described as a Madrigal — The 
 Nighting-ale," by Weelkes. Arne remarked that 
 "The mastership and g-enius of this production may 
 serve as a specimen of the state of music at that 
 time, 1608." A Glee by Mr. Baildon, "When g-ay 
 Bacchus fills my l)reast," which "g-ained a golden 
 prize-medal in 1766," is followed by a Glee by 
 Arne, "On Clilce sleeping," the favourite song in 
 Artaxerxes 1)eginning, Water parted from the sea'; 
 
 at the Earl of Eg t's particular desire, taken by 
 
 the doctor for the subject of this Glee, and set for 
 different voices, the words being now written to 
 the measure of the music." The 'interlude" con- 
 cluded with Dean Aldrich's Catch, " Hark, the bonny 
 Christ-Church bells." The third part commenced 
 Avith a Catch by Arne, "The street intrigue," the 
 words of which are neither elegant nor decent. A 
 
 ( 66 )
 
 DR. ARNE. 
 
 note iiit'onns us, This last Catch was written and 
 composed in the year 1703, soon after the invitation 
 of the Catch-(Uub, and not put in for a prize-medal; 
 ))ut with humility, presented io the members." Next 
 we find a (ilee by Arne, The love rapture"; then his 
 Catch, ' Which is the properest day to drink?" This 
 g-ained a jfolden prize-medal in the year 1765," and 
 is a clever composition, still occasionally performed. 
 The last piece in the book is a Glee and dlrand Chorus 
 by Arne, Punch, the medium of life." 
 
 In 1769 Arne composed an Ode for the Shakespeare 
 Jul)ilee at Stratford-on-Avon ; the words of tin; Ode 
 were written by (iarrick, who paid the composei- 
 sixty jiruineas for the music, which was published 
 with the following- title: An Ode upon dedicating- a 
 building- to Shakespeare, which was erected by the 
 subscription of the Noblemen and Gentlemen in the 
 neig-hl)ourliood of Stratford upon Avon, the music 
 composed by Dr. Arne. London, Printed and Sold by 
 John Johnston, at No. 11, York Street, Covent 
 Garden." There are nine pieces of music; one Air 
 became popular. Thou soft flowing- Avon," which 
 was sung- by Miss Weller ; the other sing-ers were 
 Mrs. Barthelemon, Mr. Vernon, Mr. Champness, 
 Mrs. Baddeley, and ]M aster Brown. A semi-chorus in 
 the work is entitled A strict Fugc for 4 voices. Chapel 
 Time." This was evidently sung- unaccompanied, 
 and althoug-h short must have made a g-ood effect.* 
 
 * TheaiHlicnccwns iiuicli iiu-oiiunodod by (luMve< ; iiu'oss;iii( 
 Si'ptiMiil)('r rain poured llii'oiigh llie rool, and ronverd-d tlu' 
 floor into a swamp. Eventually <lie four hundred people ulio 
 were present, wet tln-ough, took reCuce on thehenehes and 
 oreliestra. 
 
 ( 67 )
 
 DR. ARXE. 
 
 At the same Jubilee festival, Ariie's oratorio Judith " 
 was performed at the Church. lu 1770, Garriek 
 determiued ou reviving- Dryden's King- Arthur" at 
 Drury Lane Theatre, and eng-aged Arne to superin- 
 tend the musical part of the performance, who seems 
 to have suffered at the time from an overdose of self- 
 importance, and addressed the following letter to : 
 
 David Gaeeick, Esq. Sie, — A due attention to 
 your Commission having- g-one hand in hand with 
 what fancy and judgment I may he thought to possess 
 in my profession, 1 thought it necessary to lay before 
 you a true state of the merits and demerits of the 
 Musical Performance, you are about to exhibit in 
 King Arthur. To attain a certain rectitude, in 
 judging of this matter, I have not only, with the 
 utmost care and candor, inspected the Score of 
 Purcell's composition; but attended two rehearsals 
 of it ; the result of which, is, as follows : 
 
 The long Scene of the Sacrifice, in the 1st Act, 
 necessary to be deliver'd in, as being- written for 
 Music, may have a solemn and noble effect, provided 
 that the last Air and Chorus — I call you all to 
 Woden-hall ' — be perform'd as I have new compos'd 
 it ; the introductory Air to be sung- by Champness, 
 which being highly spirited, will carry off with an 
 eclat, an, (otherwise) dull, tedious, antiquated suite of 
 Chorus : Besides Avhich, that Song, as set by Purcell, 
 is intirely out of Mrs. Baddeley's compass, very 
 indifferent, and no way proper for a woman, where a 
 troop of warriors are assembled, to bribe their idols 
 for a success in battle. 
 
 The following- Song and Chorus, Come, if you 
 dare, our Trumpets sound,' is in Purcell tolerable; 
 
 ( 68 )
 
 
 'JrJ^ 
 
 
 
 Face p. 69.
 
 DH. ARXK. 
 
 but SO very short of tliat Intrepity and Spirited 
 defiance pointed at l)y Dryden's words and senti- 
 ments, tliat, I think, you have only to hear what I 
 have conipos'd on the occasion, U> make \'ou 
 immediately reject the other. The Air ' Let not a 
 Moon-born Elf mislead you,' is, after the two first 
 bars of Purcell, very bad, and out of y\v. Champnes' 
 compass of voice. — Hear mine. All the other Solo 
 Son^s of Purcell are infamously bad; so very bad, 
 that they are privately the objects of sneer and 
 ridicule to the musicians, but, I have not meddled 
 with any, that are not to come from the nu)uths 
 of your principal Performers. 1 wish you wou'd 
 only ^ive me leave to Doctor this perfoiMuance, I 
 would certainly make it pleasing- to the l*ul»lic, 
 which otherwise, may have an obstruction to the 
 success of the Revival. Tt is not iioir my intention 
 to new set numy thinj^s, mentionM in our original 
 plan ; but to put it in the power of your principal 
 perfornu'rs to make a proper fiurure, by openinu- and 
 adorning- the most entertaining- points of view, wherein 
 thei/ are to appear ; consequently, the expeiice will be 
 much short of the Sume proposM; all self-interest 
 subsiding- to the earnest desire I shall ever entertain, 
 of proving- my sincerity, when I stile myself Sir 
 Your devoted humble serv . Tho^ Aug "" Arne."' 
 
 Happily ( Jarrick did not accede to Arne's requests, 
 and much of l^urcelFs music was left in the ^Nlascjue. 
 Arne composed a new Overture in which he introduced 
 an imitation on the flute of the call of the Cuckow." 
 The whole of the first Act, including- the famous 
 
 Come, if you dare," was left with Purceirs music 
 
 f (10 )
 
 DR. ARNE. 
 
 untouched. In the second Act there were several 
 changes; a new recitative, both words and music, 
 "Alas, the horrors of this bloody field," was sung 
 by Mrs. Baddeley. This, and a new air, O peace 
 descend," were composed by Arne; the music ill 
 match'd " that of Purcell. Before the chorus. 
 
 Come follow me," Arne introduced a solo on 
 the subject of Purcell's chorus, in which he took 
 care to write a goodly number of runs to show off 
 Mrs. Baddeley's execution." A new song by Arne, 
 "How blest are the shepherds," was substituted for 
 Purcell's solo and chorus, and Mrs. Baddeley was 
 provided with a recitative. We must work, we 
 must haste," followed by an air. To virtue with 
 rapture," and also ' Thus I infuse these sov'reign 
 dews." Mrs. Wrighteu had new music composed for 
 her, a recitative, "Oh sight," and an air, 'Tis sweet 
 the blushing morn to view." It may be noted that 
 the words of these pieces were written by Garrick. 
 The third Act, with Purcell's masterly ' Frost 
 Scene," was left intact. In the fourth Act Purcell's 
 lovely duet, "Two daughters of this aged stream," 
 also the solo and chorus. How happy the lover," 
 were retained. The music of the fifth Act included 
 Purcell's "Fairest Isle all Isles excelling." The 
 final air and chorus. Saint George the Patron of 
 our Isle," had new music by Arne. 
 
 There are some entries in the Mawhood"^ diary 
 
 *Mi-. William Mawhood, I)orn in 17-3, died in IJi'J, "as 
 a merchant, residing- in West Smithtield, and an accom- 
 plished musical amateur. An accoiuit of him will he found 
 in the Musical Times of January, 1;>1(), written hy Mr. 
 Barclay Squire. 
 
 ( 70 )
 
 DR. ARNE. 
 
 referring- to Dr. Ariie in 1770 : 13 June, Cull', on 
 Dr. Arnc who will compose some music ior .Mr. 
 Pembei-ton's Diurgre." "23". Call', on D^ Arnc li:i<l :i 
 small praettice of the Service, for Mr. lV'mbert(ni." 
 "28'". Was at Churcli, perform' Dr. Arnc and 
 Webb's Burial for my poor friend Franc\ Fembei*ton." 
 A manuscript copy of the Dirjre is to be found in 
 the British Museum. It was presented in the year 
 1849 by Vincent Novello to the Musical Antiquarian 
 Society. His father, (Jiuseppe Xovello, in 177<> 
 resided in Oxford Kcuid, and probaldy worshipped in 
 the Sardinian Chapel, where Vincent, born in 1781, 
 became a chorister boy; this may account for his 
 possessicm of the manuscript of the Dirge. It is in 
 the handwriting- of a copyist, uot an autog-raph, 
 and has many errors. It is not complete ; at the 
 commencement there shouhl have been ten bars of 
 instrumental iutroduction, which are only indicated 
 in the manuscript by rests. The pencil marks of 
 Jigured bass are in the handwriting- of N'incent 
 Novello; there are also pencilled names of scdo 
 sing-ers — Swiney, Fitz, Lanza, (luich', Novelb*. The 
 music is admirable, and opens with a chorus for 
 treble, alto, two tenors, and bass, to the words 
 " Libera nu% Domiius de morte a'terna." The pathos 
 of this quintet, admirably expressive of the text, 
 cannot be praised too hig-hly. The w^ords " Tremens 
 factus sum eg-o " are set as a solo for a bass voice, in 
 the style of many cathedral anthems of the period. 
 The numuscript, evidently intended for the (u-g-anist, 
 g-ives the necessary organ-bass part ; this s(do, in the 
 key of A minor, leads into a short chorus in C major 
 to the words Quando Cceli inorendi sunt." A solo 
 ( 71 )
 
 DR. ARNE. 
 
 for a tenor voice to the words Dies ilia, Dies irsp," 
 exhibits Arne's skill in writing- vocal music, aiid is a 
 very touching- and effective piece of work ; it is 
 followed without a break hy a chorus, Dies 
 Mag-na"; the next movement is a soprano solo, 
 Requiem ;T?ternam," in E major, a charming- melody, 
 with Italian fiorituri. A short chorus, Requiescat 
 in pace," concludes a composition which is a 
 very fine example of Arne's g-enius, quite worthy 
 of publication and performance. The British Museum 
 possesses another manuscript of the composer to 
 Latin words, salutaris hostia," which looks like 
 an exercise in fugue writing-, not intended for 
 Church performance. It may have l)een sent to the 
 Catch Club " in competition for a prize. 
 It has already been stated that Arne deserted his wife 
 in 1756 ; what their relations were in the succeeding- 
 years can only be surmised. She was reg-arded by 
 her contemporaries as a good and injured woman, and 
 her husl)and was notoriously a profligate. Some few 
 years ag-o a number of antog-raph manuscript 
 documents came into the possession of the present 
 writer, which throw a lig-lit on the unhappy condition 
 of thing-s as they existed in 1770. On the 22nd of 
 November in that year, Mrs. Arne's Attorney sent the 
 following- letter to Dr. Arne : 
 
 Sir, — I am employed to institute a Suit in the 
 Commons on the Complaint of your wife ag-ainst you. 
 
 The small pittance you g-ave her for Maintenance 
 falls g-reatly Short of Supplying- her with Common 
 Necessaries, and not only so but this Small allowance 
 which is but ii40 a year is now ^10 in arrear. You 
 must be sensible Mrs. Arne could not Subsist without 
 
 ( 72 )
 
 DR. A A'.VA'. 
 
 Riiiiiiiiig' you in Debt, tliose Debts must l)e paid v«'iy 
 soon by you. Mrs. Arne lias a ri^lit and expects to 
 be maintained by you Suitable to your Circnmstanees. 
 I must request an explicit and ininiediate answer; 
 Or I shall take the necessary Steps to procure 
 Mrs. Arne that justice which she has an L iidoubtcd 
 Hiirht to." 
 
 This called forth the following- reply from Dr. Arne. 
 It will be noted that Arne did not address the 
 Attorney, but wrote direct to his wife : 
 
 "a.ij. 1770. 
 
 Mrs. Arne, — After the affectionate note I sent 
 you yesterday, with 5 Guineas, which was from the 
 first money I reciev'd, liow^ g-reat was my surprize, 
 when I recievM in return a threatening" letter from 
 one Rennett an Attorney, on your account ! 
 
 Cou'd I possil)ly have supposed that after my being- 
 so long- in no way of earning- a dluinea, which (till this 
 Job of Mr. Colman's) was ever since the end of last 
 March, and being- involved in debts on that account 
 that you — my Wife, shouM be the only person who 
 sought to distress me'P If other people had been as 
 inhuman, what must have become of a Man, who is a 
 laborious Slave to support his necessary Depen<lants ; 
 insomuch that he does not enjoy three days' ease and 
 pleasure the whole year round '? 
 
 As peace and quiet are all the enjoyments which a 
 man of my ag-e can hope for, if he is in his senses, 
 which, in spite of base and wicked minded people, I 
 thank God I have not yet lost, I shall not fly in a 
 passion at your very ung-enerous treatment ; but with 
 the temper of a Philosopher explain to you ibc 
 ( 7:} )
 
 DR. ARNK. 
 
 coiisec[iiences of your following- the ill advice, which 
 may have been g-iven you, and I know from whom. 
 
 "when Mr, Tyers refus'd to eng-ag-e Polly Young-, 
 unless you cou'd produce a Bond sig-n'd by me, 
 whereby we were lioth impower'd to live and act 
 seperately, did not I directly on your express 
 solicitation, enter into such Bond, impowering- you 
 to recieve her whole income? Did I ever desire a 
 shilling" of all she g-ot before and after or wish 
 otherwise than that it had been ten times as 
 much for your sake'? 
 
 "Well, after this, you having- married your Niece 
 to Mr. Bartelmon, which threw you out of a g-ood 
 income, having- besides impoverish'd yourself, by 
 lending- your Money in large Sums to an extravag-ant, 
 unprincipled Whore, and to others, who only meant 
 to defraud you of that and other valuables, you 
 applied to me by Mr. Forest, to pay you an annual 
 allowance for your support : I, who was ever desirous 
 and ready to do all within my power, ent'red imme- 
 diately into an Ag-reement to pay you £4<^ a year, 
 thoug-h I had no certain income of my own to do it 
 with, and throug-h years of distress, for want of 
 something- weekly coming- in, made up my payments 
 to you, in one week, fortnig-ht, or month, whenever I 
 cou'd scrape your money tog-ether, till lately, meeting- 
 with no employment for a considerable time, — 
 encumber'd with an expensive house at Chelsea, 
 which I have prudently quitted, and being- robl)'d by 
 an abandon'd infamous Whore and Thief of a Servant, 
 my Necessities oblig-'d me to be behindhand in my 
 payments ; yet you very well know that whenever I 
 had two, three, or five Guineas, I never fail'd to g-ive 
 
 ( 74 )
 
 DR. ARNE. 
 
 them to you, ill part of paynient, im<l tluit h\\\ :i triHc 
 now remains due. 
 
 "is this a Man to recieve the treatment yoii now 
 g-ive me? Fie, fie, Mrs. Arne ! don't (h-ive me t<) 
 resentment, when I am wilHng- to act conformahle to 
 the hiws of reli^'-ion, peace and love; if you do, hy 
 Heaven you'll have terril)ly the Avorst of it ; for I can 
 prove that having- no reg-ular income, whenever I 
 recieve any money, it is always consum'd in dehts, 
 and that I am aetualy not in a capacity to allow 
 you ,i'20 a year. 
 
 "if, on the eoutniry, you cliusc to continue in 
 love and friendship, send a line immediately to 
 Mr. Rennett, that the affair is amicably accom- 
 modated, and thouiih I may he never so distressM, I 
 will cheerfuly pay your allowance, and remain, 
 
 " Your affect**" Husband, 
 
 "Tho^ Aug^' Arne. (Seal.) 
 ' Saturday Morn". 
 One o'clock 
 
 "Nov\-/-23"." 
 
 E\idently Mrs. Arne left the matter in the 
 Attorney's hands; accordingly he wrote a reply as 
 follows : — Mrs. Arne is Extremely sorry to hear 
 of any Distresses of Ur. Arne's and wishes 'twas 
 in her power to Avoid calling- on him, for a 
 subsistance. Her loss of Doctor Ariu''s affections 
 has been a misfortune she has labour'd under too 
 many years and that without doing- him ye least 
 injury but on the Contrary l)eluived with that 
 •affection and .lustice that will g-ive her Satisfaetiou 
 ( "' )
 
 DR. ARNE. 
 
 in her last Moments. She hopes Doctcn* Arne has 
 not so little hnmanity as to add to her Misery by 
 refusing- her a Necessary Subsistance if not Equal 
 to Dr. Arne's wife yet Sufficient to provide her 
 with Common Necessaries which 'tis impossible for 
 her to do for less than a Guinea a week. If that 
 is paid into Mr. Rennett's hands Weekly who will 
 have the Receipts ready Mrs. Arne must Content 
 herself with wefiring- out an Unhappy Life depriv'd 
 of that Comfort wliich She had a rig-ht to expect 
 from her Husban<l. Doctor Arne threatens to 
 proceed to Extremities with his wife she is sorry 
 to hear it But must l)e Contented mth her fate 
 and rely upon the justice of her case." 
 
 No further correspondence is available, nor is 
 there any record of proceedings at common law; 
 it is therefore reasonable to suppose that an 
 arrangement was concluded. {See page 108.) 
 
 In 1772, on the 26th of February, the oratorio 
 Judith " was performed at Covent Garden Theatre, 
 with women in the chorus, for the first time, as 
 has already been narrated. Shortly afterwards Arne 
 had a performance at the Theatre in the Haymarket; 
 the bill of announcement said. By desire, for one 
 night only, under the Direction of Dr. Arne. At 
 the Theatre Royal in the Hay-Market, this present 
 Monday, March 16, 1772, will be performed the 
 celebrated Catches and Glees. With a Concerto on 
 the Violin by Mr. Fisher. After which (by permission) 
 will be performed a New Burletta, called 'Squire 
 Badger. Altered and planned for Music, from a 
 favourite Piece. Written by Henry Fielding Esq.; 
 the Music entirely New Composed by Dr. Arne 
 
 ( 76 )
 
 Dii. arm:. 
 
 & AVith a New Ii-ish and Scotch Medley Overt iiri'. 
 Fairlove l)y Mr. IMiillips, Sii- Tlioiiias Lovi'IhihI I»> 
 Mr. Fox, 'Squire Bads"er by Mr. Smith, Laiidlonl 
 by Mr. Hamilton, C'larinda by Mrs. Jewell, Pei-t 
 by Mrs. Thompson. Boxes 5s. Pit 3s. First 
 Gallery 2s. Upper (iallery Is. To beg-m exactly 
 at Six o'clock. Books of l)oth Performances may 
 be had t(>Hether at the Thcatn' at Is. Od." 
 
 In 1775 Arue wrote the f(>llowin<i- letter to 
 Garrick: Aug-. 21st, 1775. Dr. A rue presents his 
 best compliments to Mr. (ilarrick, heartily returning- 
 thanks for his permission to several of his company 
 to perform in the intended new comedy at the 
 Opera-House, for the Doctor's advantag-e. He is 
 unluckily, and indeed ung-enteelly cut out of, at 
 least, a clear i'lOO, by Mrs. (Jreville's accepting- and 
 promising to perform the principal comic character, 
 and, after keeping it near three weeks when it was 
 too late to substitute aiu)ther, returning- the part 
 with frivolous excuses. The Doctor knows not 
 whether he is rightly informed ; but he has heard 
 that Mr. Garrick discharged Mr. Dilxlin. If (as he 
 has likewise been told, Mr. Garrick has engaged 
 Mr. Arne ^ in the other's place, the Doctor can better 
 reconcile ///.s beini^- neglected; otherwise should have 
 thought himself at least as capable of the business as 
 any other person, and that his name and credit in the 
 profession would have brought no disgrace on his 
 friendly employer. Cannot help regretting likewise 
 that, though he has ever maintained the most cordial 
 respect and reg-ard to Mr. Garrick for many signal 
 
 * MiclincI Ai'iic, his son. 
 
 ( 77 )
 
 DR. ARXE. 
 
 good qualities, as well as for his being- incontestably 
 the first g-enius of this ag-e in all that he professes,) 
 any young person's l)elonging to him, though ever 
 so conspicuous for his abilities, is sufficient cause for 
 his rejection. These unkind prejudices the Doctor 
 can no otherwise account for, than as arising- from an 
 irresistible apathy, to which (thoug-h painfully) he 
 submits ; but will never (notwithstanding-) deviate a 
 tittle from that respect, mtli which he has ever l)een 
 Mr. Garrick's most obedient servant." 
 
 To this letter Garrick replied : Drury Lane 
 Theatre, Aug-. 24, 1775. Dear Sir, — I am very 
 sorry that Mrs. Greville (to whom I gave free 
 leave to assist you) should behave so ill to you, and 
 more so, that your loss will be so great by her 
 ill-behaviour. The managers of Druiy-lane have 
 no intention to employ a constant composer, but to 
 engage with different gentlemen, as business may 
 arise in the theatre. How can you imagine that I 
 have an irresistible apathy to you? I suppose you 
 mean antipathy, my dear Doctor, by the general 
 turn of your letter. Be assured, as my nature is 
 very little inclined to apathy, so it is as far from 
 concei\ing an antipathy to you or any genius in 
 this or any other country. You ask me why I will 
 not make use of your pupils ?— Shall I tell you 
 fairly? because I have not the opinion of them which 
 you have. I tried Mrs. Bradford, Miss Weller, 
 and I have now Mr. Fawcet: the two first (as I in 
 a most friendly manner foretold) did no credit to 
 you or myself by appearing in a piece which you 
 obstinately insisted on bringing out, though you 
 knew it would be the means of making a coolness 
 
 ( 78 )
 
 Dli. MlSJi. 
 
 between us. In shoi-f, <loar sir, your lieart and 
 your jrenius seem nunv inclined to tlie theatre of 
 Covent-drarden than tliat of Drnry-Lane; and when 
 I consider the additional music to 'ivinff Artlinr.' 
 and the music to 'KUriihi,' 1 trust tliat I am 
 justified in my opinion. Whether I am mistaken 
 or not, I have not tlie least antipatliy, I o-ive you 
 my lionour I have not, to Doctor Arne ; hut on the 
 contrary, if I had a work of consequence, I should 
 wish to employ him, notwithstanding- that our 
 theatrical connections have not yet been serviceable 
 to either of us. I am, dear Sir, your very sincere 
 well wisher, and humble Servant. David Gakrick." 
 To this conciliatory epistle Dr. Arne replied in the 
 following- month: "Sept. 3rd 1775. Dear Sir.— I 
 received the favcuir of your reply to my letter, 
 which I could not doubt of, you never being- 
 deficient in politeness. Yon are certainly in the 
 right to suppose that, if I wrote the word apathy, 
 I meant antipathy. Did 1 make the blunder or is 
 it a joke, like Mrs. Cibber's asking you how you 
 could possibly spell King with a Q ? I must beg your 
 permission to assure yon that you are greatly 
 mistaken in two points. First, when yon imagine 
 that I have the least partiality either in favoui- of 
 the other theatre or its patentees : next in saying 
 that the music in Elfrida ' is much superior to 
 the music I composed for you in 'King- Arthur.' 
 The principal songs, which for air and mastership 
 I have never excelled, have not been performed. 
 They were written for the late Mrs. Arne/ and 
 
 * Mrs. Michael Anic, the popular vocjilisi, Eli/altcfli 
 Wright. 
 
 ( 79 )
 
 Dli A nxE. 
 
 fashioned to her sweet voice, and g-laring* abilities. 
 Mr. Arne expected, from the music and her 
 performances of it, that they woukl be productive of 
 the hig-hest pleasure, that a judicious audience ever 
 received from either of our endeavours, and several 
 eminent masters thought as he did : but when those 
 coups de maitre came out of the mouths of persons 
 who could neither sing- in time nor tune, nor turn 
 out one jeii de la voix in them, the result was much 
 the same as if an approved author had Avritten a 
 
 fine part for . I was near hurting" your delicacy, 
 
 in nominating- a g-entleman, with whose acquaintance 
 I am honoured, and this part, throug-h an unfortunate 
 event, should be acted by Jemmy Raftor, or Dag-g-er 
 Marr. Champness's song-s, the chorus in the first 
 scene of Mr. Vernon's Come, if you dare,' and 
 several other thing-s that employed my utmost efforts, 
 were laid aside, in favour of Purcell's music, which 
 (though excellent in its kind) was Cathedral, and not 
 to the taste of a modern theatrical audience. But 
 never was my surprise g-reater than when I perceived 
 that a drama so fertile of invention and eleg-ant in 
 poetry, which broug-ht so much to Harry Gifford, 
 and lately in Dublin should (thoug-h strong-ly per- 
 formed at a vast expense at Drury-lane) fail in 
 making- that impression on the public, which the 
 manag-ers had an undoubted rig-ht to expect. You 
 frankly say that you have not eng-ag-ed any of my 
 pupils, because you have not the same opinion of 
 them that I have. Be pleased to remember that I 
 did not recommend Miss Weller as an accomplished 
 sing-er ; but as a young- g-irl, with a g-ood person, who 
 would be useful in musical pieces ; but whose talents 
 ( so )
 
 />/.'. ahm:. 
 
 in speakinjj- and tictiu|nf, inig-ht, witli your fnemlly 
 encouragement, in a little time bring- so pretty a 
 Hg-ure to be a shining- ol).ject. Had you seen lier i)lay 
 Mrs. Cadwallader in Foote's farce at Covent Cnirden, 
 your candour Avould induce you to think ^\^tll that 
 company, who all <leclared that no young- actress ever 
 did better. When 1 ottered you this g-irl, you wanted 
 an accomplished singer. When I recommended 
 Miss Jameson as such, I was to whistle an ang-el from 
 Heaven, or you were full ; thoug-li you broug-ht out a 
 raw nothing: last year, and have taken Mrs. Jewell 
 and a Jewess^ this season. I hope you will, as you 
 have kindly done, excuse this frankness in me, and 
 g-ive me leave to add that I will positively bet a 
 hundrcMl pounds upon Miss Jameson, agrainst any 
 singer you can name in either theatre — I mig-lit safely 
 a hundred to one. I wish you would ponder on the 
 contents — not now, because your cast is rather 
 overloaded — but hereafter, when it may not be so. 
 And now, Sir, to the last matter I shall at present 
 trouble you with. Bickerstatt' added song-s to the 
 Oracle, and broug-ht it out by the title of "^Daphne 
 and Amintor,' at Drury Lane, which succeeded 
 very well. I remember a piece of Mr. Lloyd's, 
 called the Capricious Lovers,' when performed in 
 dive's time. Every body liked the Burletta, but 
 none were pleased with the music — which has 
 induced me to reset it. Now, Sir, if you think it 
 will (with the addition of my new music) fill up a 
 vacancy, till the town fills, the vocal, instrumentiil, 
 and speaking parts, are reatly drawn out: the 
 
 * Miss Abraiiis. 
 
 ( 81 )
 
 DR. ARXE. 
 
 title may, and should be altered to 'The Country 
 Girl at Court,' being- the orig-inal one, viz.: La 
 Contadina in Cort,' and (for a sixth nig-ht) I will 
 attend the g-etting- up of the musical part, and deliver 
 up the composition to your use. If you don't want it, 
 make no ceremony in saying- so; for it will be of 
 use to me, with my catches and g-lees. Have I 
 been studying- the longitude? Perhaps so; l)ut if I 
 have tired you, it is more than you could do by me, 
 were you to fill a ream of paper. 
 
 " This requires no other answer, than just whether 
 you can, mth advantag-e to your undertaking-, make 
 use of my new composition or not. I am. Sir, 
 with due respects, ever your friend and humble 
 servant, " Thomas Augustine Arne." 
 
 There is another letter from Arne to Garrick, 
 Avithout date ; it reads as follows : 
 
 " Dear Sir,— Mr. Johnston informing- me of your 
 desire to receive my demand for the composition of 
 the music in ' The Little Gipsy, ' I beg- leave to expatiate 
 a little thereon. I think a musician, with reg-ard to 
 theatrical employment, under an unfortunate predica- 
 ment, if comparatively considered with the author 
 of any little piece, for the following- reason. They 
 should both have learning-, invention, and a perfect 
 knowledg-e of effects ; but an author of a petite piece 
 can instantaneously write down his thoug-hts as 
 they arise, whereas, the poor musician, when he has 
 conceived an air, in every respect suitable to the 
 sense, and emphatically expressed in every part, has 
 done but half his business; for he has all the 
 instrumental accompaniments to study and write 
 
 ( 82 )
 
 int. ARXH. 
 
 down; iiisoiiHR'h as, tlmt in a comiHtsition of ten. 
 
 twelve, (n- more difterent parts, when he has written 
 
 a whole side of nuisic paper, he has the mortification 
 
 to have composed hnt one line; all, except the voice 
 
 part, heing- reqnisite to that <me line. And yet an 
 
 author of a farce will frequently make upwards of 
 
 iilOO hy his sixth nig-ht, besides iioO by the sale 
 
 of his copy to the printer; wliile the poor devil of 
 
 a crotchet moufifer is thoug-lit well paid with ii50 
 
 for six times the study and labour. This last 
 
 observation, though strictly just, is not, in me, 
 
 productive of a sing-le complaint or grumble ; 
 
 but ccmvictive that I have taken infinite pains 
 
 to be master of a scurvy profession. As to my 
 
 bill, it amounts, at my constant and reasonable 
 
 rule of charg-ing'. but to ii45 13 (> : If you 
 
 should think I have employed extraordinary time 
 
 and care to make the composition proper and 
 
 perfect in its kind, you will not overpay me with 
 
 ii50. But do as you please ; I shall be satisfied, 
 
 and am, with true respects, Dear Sir, your most 
 
 obedient servant, <-i ,„ 
 
 Thomas Augustine Arne. 
 
 This letter is endorsed by (Jarrick, "Dr. Arne, about 
 l>ill for May Day.' 1 g-ave him the M^O desired." 
 
 May Day, or the Little Gipsy," a musical farce 
 in one act, by David (iarrick, was produced at 
 Drury Lane Theatre on the 28th of Aug-ust, 1775. 
 There is much to be learned from the correspondence 
 which passed ])etween Arne and (Jarrick; the 
 following- letter, undated, is full of interest: 
 
 Dear Sir, — I was never so conceited of any 
 abilities, as non cedere majorihun ; but then I 
 ( 83 )
 
 DR ARNE. 
 
 ever was above servility, and could not pay a 
 compliment to the opinion of Socrates oi- 
 Seneca, at the expense of \\\y reason. Hnnimuiiii 
 est errare, therefore the main study of every 
 wise man is to arrive at rectitude, which cannot 
 possibly he accomplished by giving- an implicit 
 concession to our first determinations. But shall 
 Arne, a musician, have the Uardiesse to dispute 
 with Garriclv, in his own way? — Yes, if Garrick, 
 not g-iving- himself time to debate on the natural 
 effects arising- from their causes, peremptorily 
 gives his ecjo dixi to what does not (to Arne) 
 appear natural. But where Garrick is pleased to 
 exercise his judgment, as in his own parts, by a 
 fair trial of his opinion pro and con ? No, Arne would 
 as soon dispute with Sir Isaac Newton (if living-) on 
 his doctrine of colours, sed ad propositum. 
 
 When Miss Weller rehearsed part of Polly's 
 character in the g-reen-room, I knew it would be in 
 vain to attempt a justification of her manner, at 
 that juncture, and therefore reserved my sentiments 
 for this occasion. I shall only particularize the 
 soliloquy, Now I'm a wretch indeed,' which, in 
 all the Polly's I ever saw, had no effect on the 
 audience, except when Mrs. Cibber played the 
 character, who spoke and acted in the same manner 
 as Miss Weller does ; and Mr. Barry had the same 
 idea of it. In you this position is glaringly 
 illustrated. Now, in reg-ard to Polly's situation, 
 it is this. She has been soliciting- her husband's 
 life with her parents, which, instead of moving- 
 their obdurate hearts, has had no other effect, than 
 her father's leaving- her mother with a determination 
 
 ( 84 )
 
 hit. m:.\e 
 
 to prepare matters at the Old I'ailry tor liis dcMtli. 
 Polly, overheariiig" this, coines on in an a^ronN of 
 •ii'ief, says. Now I'm a wretch indeed!' — thinks 
 she sees him already in tlie cast — that she hears 
 vollies of siyhs from the win<lows in Holhorn — then 
 ahrnptly hrcaks ont — I see him at the tree — the 
 whole circle are in tears — even hutchers weep.' 
 Can it he natnral ihiit the siirht of a Iteloved 
 hnshand at tlw gallows shonhl excite fainter emotions 
 in a doting- wife, than arise in hntcliers exercised 
 in offices of crnelty 'P Wonld not an apple-woman, 
 who slionld see so fine a youth, merely in the cast, 
 naturally clap her hands togretlier, through depth 
 of concern, and exclaim Ah. i)oor soul ! God hless 
 him and take him to his mercy ! ' — perhaps shed 
 tears 9 Certainly: then Polly's emotion on fig-urinjor 
 him at the fatal tree, where the whole circle, thronyh 
 mere humanity, are in tears, can he nothing- short 
 of distraction, and any action, short of the force 
 sheg-aveit, must appeal* trifling", faint, and unfeeling". 
 You are far from having- seen the hest of her in 
 that character, which appears in her scenes of love, 
 fondness, fears, and strokes of tenderness ^^ith 
 ^Nlackheath. But I was not willing- to g-ive >ou 
 too much trouhle, and l>esides, I plainly saw that 
 you could not divest yourself of prepossession ; 
 else, how was it possihle that a fine voice hoth for 
 speaking- and sing-ing-; action open, easy, and g'raceful ; 
 an unexceptionahle person and figure, with a 
 countenance free from the least distortion, could 
 be productive of such faint approbation '? You have 
 often said you reg-arded nu' — but, as in the case of 
 Miss Urent, were I to produce an ang-el, her being- 
 ( sr, )
 
 DR. ARXE. 
 
 ushered by n\e would create coolness and iudift'erence. 
 This observation, which I could more forcibly 
 illustrate, I plainly see has put you out of humour. 
 <Tive me leave to say, so it has me, who am not 
 without my feeling- on so mortifying- an occasion. 
 You are possessed both of fortune and merit ; the 
 one considerable, the other supreme. I pay you no 
 particular respect, on account of the former; but 
 the hig-liest inuig'iuable on account of the latter. 
 Providence, by placing- you in this beneficial situation, 
 meant you as the sun and rain, to cheer and water 
 plants of (jenius. Your own talents, and the just 
 encourag-ement they have met with, demand, as a 
 debt, those beneficent offices from you. The pay 
 g'iven to three notJiings would be a suitable reward 
 to a rising", promising- g-enius, whose industry and 
 advancement could never fail of repaying- you ten 
 fold in return. Having- faithfully kept my promise 
 to take no material step, without first acquainting- 
 you with my design, and therefore g-iven you a 
 fair offer of Miss Weller, I will trouble you with 
 no more letters, or applications on her account ; so 
 shall only add, that if you are inclined to encourag-e 
 and cherish her, as you have done by many others, 
 with much lesser talents and requisites, I am 
 desirous, and immediately ready to g-ive you the 
 preference ; but if otherwise, as I have only my 
 smaJJ merit and hard labour to .subsist on, let it never 
 be a matter of the least difference between us, that 
 
 I have acted like a man of honour, and you 
 
 overlooked a jewel. I am. Sir, as I ever was, your 
 sincere friend, aiul nu)st obedient servant, 
 
 "Tho*' Aug^^ Abne." 
 
 ( 86 )
 
 DR. ARNE. 
 
 No reply to the above can l)e t'ouiMl. Tlic followiiiu 
 letter from Ariie to (iarriek must have been written 
 soon after the al)ove: " Sept. Snl. Dear Sir,— 
 Having- just received a letter from the inffcnicMis 
 autbor <>f the two operas, ami 'Pennyworth of 
 \N it/ under your kind inspection, wherein he bejrs 
 concealment of his name, till the fate of one or 
 other of his pieces is determined." 
 
 Arne enclosed a copy of his uuuanu'd friend's 
 letter, which need not be produced here. He then 
 tinished his own as follows : " Now g-ive me leave 
 to wish yon would consult your assured friend in 
 the musical productions of your theatre, which 
 (waviuR- your own consequence, undeniably the 
 first with the public) miyht produce the best second 
 dish at the feast. Though half a ghost myself, I 
 have more honour than the wlude ghost in Hamlet.' 
 He was forbid to tell the secrets of his prison 
 
 l,ouse I tell them not, through principle; but 
 
 this I n\(i]i say, in conjidetivr. you actually want 
 streug-th for the exhibition of musical perfornuuices 
 — and why should you? — Mr. (Jarrick, though 1 
 wish him immortal, to the grrief of the discerning- 
 world, is not so — sickness, i)ain, mortality may 
 intervene. Let it not be said, that so g-reat a master 
 of his art is deaf or blind to rising- merit. T tell 
 y(m bona JJde, that the young- woman and youug- 
 g-irl [Miss Weller's sister] wdiom I recommended, are 
 real objects of your notice, as handsome wouumi, 
 complete tig-ures, and promising actresses, abstraete<l 
 from their utility as sing-ers. I May be so obliging- 
 as to let me hear from you as soon as ycm c<Mne to 
 town, and be assured that if my skill or ciumexions 
 ( 87 )
 
 DR. ARNE. 
 
 are of any value, they shall be exerted to the 
 utmost, in testimony of the respect with which I 
 am, Dear Sir, your faithful friend, and humble 
 servant, 
 
 "Tho^ Aug^'^ Abne." 
 
 There is yet another letter from Arne to Gari'ick, 
 and a characteristic reply, both undated, but which 
 probably were ^^Titten in 1775: 
 
 "Nov. 17. Sir, — As you have causelessly dropped 
 the friend, I have sense enough to write at a 
 becoming- distance. You will undoubtedly hear, ))y 
 the freshest advice, the tete-d-tete alteration bet^^ een 
 your brother and me. How could it happen otherwise, 
 when the first salutation I receive<l was Dr. Arne, 
 we have considered of the farce, und jn-otest against iV ; 
 which nearly led me into a mistake ; for how' could 
 I suppose he meant the farce you had first promised 
 to do, and after the last rehearsal concluded on? 
 But on his warm repititions, I found that I should 
 have protested against the farce that has been so 
 long- acting- ex-parte nuinagers, and tragedy on the 
 composer's part. I answered, I am not sui-prised, 
 it tallies exactly with the treatment I have all 
 along- received,' (meaning- not only on account of 
 the farce, but the discharg-e of two young- women,^ 
 handsome, perfect figures, and possessed of })etter 
 talents than most on either stag-e have set 
 out ^^^th:) I scorn to retract my words, and 
 think Mr. G. Garrick twill equally scorn to ag-gravate 
 them. The young- women broug-ht three very g-ood 
 
 * Miss Weller and her sister, t David Garrick's brother. 
 
 ( 88 )
 
 DR. AJiyjC. 
 
 housi's tor the opeuinjr <>f a season, and met willi 
 more puMie applause tliaii 1 have ever heard; and 
 tliouyh iiiexperieiiee, mixed with sensibility, mi«-ht 
 intimidate Miss Weller so as sometimes to exceed 
 the exaet somid, it was so little that the audience 
 were not susceptible of it. If you had no intention 
 to retain them, one nijrht's performance had surely 
 been sutticient for their condemnation ; but they had 
 not then been supplanted by my son's application : — 
 permit me to g-ive yon .joy of the acquisition. As 
 to sino-ins" in tune, by my salvation ! not above 
 three in )»oth theatres can do it, thougrh several 
 have had nearly twenty years' experience. I did 
 not, tis Jkis been done to yov more ihan once, impose 
 my young- pupils on you as tinished singrers ; why 
 then should they be discharg-ed for what you knew 
 before their appearance, especially after three warm 
 receptions r* Vour puldic declaration this morning- 
 appeared as meant to complete the many shocks 
 which I and mine have received — it was ineffectual: 
 I shall think myself happy to be mistaken. If you 
 are williujEr to show a friendship which I shall deem 
 an honour to receive, it will not be sufficient that 
 you perform the piece ; I shall have the presumption 
 to hope that you will further its success; thougii I 
 fear that the cold )>reath of the nianag-er, like a 
 wintry blast, has ehilled the hearts of his dependents: 
 it is a distemper as catching- as the itch. There 
 has been but one decent rehearsal which was in 
 your presence ; thoug-h, even then, two principals 
 were absent ; nor can I expect any lietter, till the 
 manager will either graciously appear, or at least 
 send his g-eneral mandate : and, Init for the respeet 
 ( M» )
 
 DR. ARNE. 
 
 due to the author, I had long- since withdra^vu the 
 prettiest music, in the light style, that I ever 
 wrote ; hut I will not, uncompelled, incur the 
 resentment of a gentleman, a man of fortune and a 
 scholar, respected hy the first personages of the 
 University of Oxford, l)y assuring- him, from your 
 promise, that his piece will he performed with all 
 possible expedition ; then, that it is in rehearsal, 
 and now, hy writing- him word that you protest 
 ag-ainst it'? I once had a sparring- of this kind 
 with Mr. Rich; he g-enerously acknowledged that 
 he had not treated me kindly, and misunderstanding- 
 was the cement of our friendship ever after. May 
 this candid explanation prove equally successful! It 
 shall not be my fault if it does not, being- ever 
 desirous of proving- myself, your real humble 
 servant, 
 
 "Tho" Aug^= Arne." 
 
 Garrick's reply is very short and sharp : 
 
 Dear Sir. — I have read your play and rode your 
 horse, and do not approve of either. They both 
 want particular spirit which alone can g-ive pleasure 
 to the reader and the rider. When the one wants 
 wits, and the other the spur, they both jog- on very 
 heavily. I must keep the horse, but I have returned 
 you the play. I pretend to some little knowledg-e 
 of the last; but as I am no jockey, they cannot say 
 that the knowing- one is taken in. I am, 8ir, your 
 most obedient servant. D. G." 
 
 Endorsed Desig-ned for Dr. Arne, who sold me 
 a horse, a very dull one; and sent me a comic 
 opera, ditto." 
 
 ( 90 )
 
 DR. ARSE. 
 
 In 1776, early in the year. Miss Altrams, referred 
 to in a letter from Dr. Arne to (iarrick, made her 
 first appearance on the Drury Lane stajre in (Iarrick 
 and Arne's "^lay-day, or tlie Little (lipsy." She 
 possessed a sweet voice and g-ood taste, which had 
 been excellently cultivated under Arne's tuition. 
 At the last reiiearsal of the piece, which took place 
 on the morniuf:' of the day of performance, (Jarrick 
 suddenly conceived that a dance of rustics would 
 improve the play, and told Dr. Arne of his idea, 
 addiuff, I suppose it would he impossil)le for you 
 to compose a tune for it in timeV" The Doctor, 
 smiling- and ruhl)iu«>- his elhow, accordins- to his 
 usual practice, replied, AVe'll see what can he 
 done," and calling- for pen, ink, and music paper, 
 sat down at the prompter's table, and in less than 
 five minutes produced one of the prettiest dancing- 
 tunes ever heard, which, when played by the band, 
 astonished and delighted dlarrick so much that, 
 forgetting- his age, he ran up to the Doct(M-. and 
 embracing-, took him by the hands and dauce<l with 
 him round the stag-e with much g-race and aninuition, 
 to the admiration of all who witnessed it. 
 
 In 1770, Arne was engaged to compose musii- 
 for the Rev. William Mason's drama, C'aractacus." 
 The orig-iual libretto was written in 1759; but 
 considerably reviseti, altered, and adapted for stagre 
 purposes in 1770 by the author, and this amended 
 version, with Arne's incidental music, was produced 
 at Covent (Jarden Theatre on the 0th of December. 
 That it was a complete success is evident ; the 
 New Mon\in<j Post, or (rciicrfd A<Jrerfisci\ on the day 
 following- the perfornuince, cong-ratulated the town 
 ( 91 •)
 
 DR. ARNE 
 
 on the acquisition of so fine an entertainment 
 as Caractaeus ' where poetry and music unite their 
 fascinating- powers." Dr. Samuel Arnokl, the 
 composer, who was attached to Covent Garden 
 Theatre when Caractaeus" was produced, spoke in 
 th hig-hest terms of Arne's music. Unfortunately 
 every vestig-e of this has disappeared ; according to 
 the testimony of Dr. Arnold and of Dr. Thomas 
 Busby, One of the latest and finest of Dr. Arne's 
 theatrical compositions, was an Opera called 
 
 Caractaeus,' founded on a piece of that name 
 written by Mason. Every portion of the music, as 
 the late Dr. Arnold, who had seen it, informed the 
 compilor of this work, evinced a vigour and warmth 
 of imag-ination worthy of the flower of early 
 manhood. At Dr. Arne's decease, this production 
 came into the possession of his son, Mr. Michael 
 Arne, who unfortunately sold the manuscript to 
 one Harrison, a bookseller in Paternoster-row, who 
 becoming a bankrupt before the piece was published, 
 it was publicly sold together with his other effects, 
 to whom it is not now known, and never has been 
 heard of since." Six years after Dr. Arne's death, 
 in 1784, Tlie Universal Magazine announced that 
 Mr. Michael Arne was intending to publish his 
 father's Death of Abel, Caractaeus, and a Set of 
 Concertos for the Harpsichord or Pianoforte with 
 the Choruses in Judith." Michael Arne died in 
 1786, without having accomplished his desire; in 
 1798 the Concertos appeared, having been edited 
 by Mr. Groombridge, and from the interesting 
 preface to the volume we learn that this was the 
 only piece which had been pul)lished. Quite recently 
 
 ( 92 )
 
 Diu Aityj-:. 
 
 an anonymous publication of music for Mason's 
 "C'araetacus" has been attributed to Dr. Arnc. Imt 
 the ('(unpositicm is so faulty and puei-ile that, even 
 if other evidence were wanting", it would be impossible 
 to suppose it the work of an experienced and 
 accomplished nnisician like Arne. The liook in 
 question has a water-mark in the paper, 17J>4, which 
 was sixteen years after Dr. Arne'sdeath. The author's 
 preface to the publication was evidently written by 
 some one alive at that date ; it is therefore n(»t 
 necessary to waste more space in discussing- it. 
 
 Dr. Arne had a very high opinion of his own 
 talent as a poet, and some of his theatrical pieces 
 are said to have suffered coniparative failure in 
 consequence of the poor quality of the words. But 
 there was one piece of his, never i)erformed nor 
 ever published, which, while exhibiting his skill as a 
 composer of music, shows also that he was at 
 times wholly wanting in good taste and discretion. 
 There are two copies of the libretto in existence, 
 printed by Arne for publication, but never issued: 
 the title-page is: ' Whittington's Feast, a new 
 Parody on Alexander's Feast written by a Colleg-e 
 AVag. The Overture, Songs, &c., with all the grand 
 chorusses, new composed by Thonuis Augustine Arne. 
 Doctor of Music. 
 
 Risuin loiicalis aiiiici ? 
 wliai is 31usic lo the ear llial 's deaf: 
 Oi" a goose pyc to liiiii that has no taste r 
 
 London : Printed for the Author." 
 
 In the preface, Arne says: The fairest apologies 
 I can offer in excuse for this Parody on Alexander's 
 Feast, which, by its ludicrous turn, may be thought 
 ( 93 )
 
 nn. A RXE. 
 
 an attempt to depreciate one of the noblest poems 
 in the Eng-lish, or perhaps any other lang-uag-e, are, 
 First, that the impossibility, in any deg-ree, to lessen 
 the value of so perfect an ode was a capital motive. 
 The second was an irresistible propensity (which 
 perhaps I may have mistaken for g-enius) to the 
 comic muse." The preface ends with an intimation 
 that the author hopes the oddity of the attempt, 
 with the intense application bestowed on the music, 
 and the g-reat expence at which it is performed, 
 will compensate for any defects in the parody, and 
 invite a g-ood-humoured audience to support it." 
 
 April the 10th, 1776. From my Garret, in 
 Cat and Harp Alley."— "The Scribbler." 
 
 The libretto is printed in double columns, the left 
 g-iving- Dryden's text, the rig-ht the Colleg-e Wag-'s 
 parody. It may suffice to say that there are seventeen 
 pag"es of vulg-arity and sometimes indecency. The 
 music, which extends to two hundred and fifty pag-es 
 in the manuscript score, is superior to the poetry. 
 There is no Overture ; the various song-s and choruses 
 are palpably meant to be in imitation of Handel, 
 but like the words they fail to detract from the 
 value of the orig-inals they vainly burlesque. There 
 is evidence that Arne intended to have a 
 pul)lic performance of Whittington's Feast " ; 
 but circumstances, probably indifferent health, 
 prevented it. 
 
 In October, 1777, Arne and his wife met and 
 became ag"ain a united and affectionate pair. This 
 happy reconciliation was broug-ht about by the 
 intervention of their g-rand-niece, Cecilia Maria 
 Barthelemon. A memorandum written by her, still 
 
 { 94 )
 
 Ai;ni:, \:\ 7.n\\\\\. 
 
 /W.v /,. 9-1.
 
 hi:, ahm:. 
 
 preserved by one of her <lescen<l:iiits, is worth (luotiiiL: 
 verbatim: "in toniicr diiys tlir l)(»(t(>r [Arne] had 
 taken yreat ph'asure in licariny- my m()th«'r* siny 
 the s(m<4's tor Mmxhtiic \\\ his ()|>('ni of Artatcrirs, 
 and latterly she nsed to visit him for the piirixtse 
 of receivinjif her Annt's sei)erate maintenance money, 
 and the last time she called for this pnrpose, she 
 took her little dang-hter with her, tlien ahont ten 
 years <dd. The I)oct(n- who was always kind to the 
 child, had her seated on his knee all the time : and 
 when her mother was about to leave, she ventured 
 to say, that she hegran to he tired of calling for 
 this purpose, and thought it would he far better for 
 hun to be reconciled to his good wife, who had 
 always l)een so irreproachable herself. He, however, 
 answered her in a nuiuner so violent and angry, 
 that the child who both loved and revered her g-reat- 
 annt, burst into tears and cried alond: and her 
 mother at once rose to take leave, observing- also that 
 she would never take the trouble to call upon him aifain. 
 A few days after, however, she received a letter 
 from the Doctor, apolog-izing for his conduct, adding- 
 that the tears of the «lear child had affected him more 
 than could a host of men, and that if his dear old 
 wife would be reconcile<l, he would be happy to see 
 her and her niece and nephew IhirthelemcMi. and 
 the d<*ar child also, to dine with him on the following- 
 Sunday. The g-ood Mrs. Arne shed tears of joy, 
 g-ave her ready consent, and loving-ly embrace<l her 
 little g-rand niece." The narrative continues: 'The 
 Doctor and his wife lived happily tog-ether (alas) 
 
 * Mary Barthclenjoii, nee Younjr. 
 
 ( or. )
 
 DR. A IINK. 
 
 only for six months after this long- wished for 
 reconciliation (after a separation of thirty years) — 
 often expressing- the wisli that it liad taken place 
 years, instead of only months hefore." 
 
 We learn from an entry made by Mawhood in 
 his diary, dated the 6th of December, 1777, that he 
 saw Dr. Arne, "who has conformed and is now very 
 ill; he has made his will betwixt Mrs. Arne and 
 Michael . ' ' Another entry in the diary, dated the 1 0th, 
 stated: "Mr. Paxton called, says Dr. Arne is now 
 on the recovery." The improvement in his health, 
 however, proved only temporary, and on the 5th of 
 the following- March, 1778, the diarist wrote, 
 "Dr. Arne died this evening- at eight o'clock." 
 
 The g-rand-niece previously quoted says : Dr. Arne 
 died a sincere penitent, and a firm Catholic. 
 His confessor buried him according- to the 
 ceremony of his Church. A cross was put on 
 his coffin, and he was interred in the burial g-round 
 of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, on the rig-ht hand 
 side g-oing- in." There are two contemporary printed 
 accounts of the last moments of the disting-uished 
 composer ; one from his intimate friend, the popular 
 tenor singer, Vernon, who, at that time engaged in 
 the neighbouring Drury Lane Theatre, was in the 
 habit of visiting Arne daily at his residence in Bow 
 Street. The morning after Arne's decease he told the 
 company assembled in the music-room at the theatre 
 that he "was talking on the subject of music with 
 the Doctor, who suffered much from exhaustion, 
 when, in attempting to illustrate wdiat he had 
 advanced, he in a very feeble and tremulous voice 
 sung part of an air, during which he became 
 
 ( 96 )
 
 jjJt. arm:. 
 
 progressively more faint, until lie l)reathe«l his last, 
 MiakiiiK" as our iuiuiortal SliakesiK'are expresses it, a 
 swan-like eiul fadinji* in uiusic." 
 
 The other aceount says A rue "died of a spasm 
 on his lung-s, retaining his faeulties to the last 
 numient of his existence. He had oris-inally been 
 instructed in the principles of the Homish Church: 
 these however he had for many years wholly ne^'-lcctcd. 
 as inconsistent with a life of ease and gallantry, in 
 which he iuilulpred to the fullest extent of his purse 
 and constitution. in his last staj-e, the dormant 
 seeds of early nuixims and prejudices, as is usually 
 the case, revived in his bosom, too strong- to be 
 checked, or perhaps discriminated by soun<l reason. 
 The complicated train of doubts, hopes, and fears, 
 operate<l so forcibly on the Doctor's feelin|[rs at this 
 awful perio<l, that a priest was sent tor, by whom 
 he was awed into a state of most submissive 
 repentance. In thus renewing the duties of a 
 Christian, those of his professional line were not 
 forgrotten; for about an hour before his <leath he 
 suuff an harmonious Hallelnja, a fli^'-ht (►f fancy, 
 calculated as it were to usher him into the other 
 world." These narratives, thoug-h not precisely 
 similar in detail, leave no doubt in the miml of the 
 reader that Arne died repentant, doubth'ss the 
 happier for having* been reconciled to his wife. 
 Notwithstanding the number and excellence of his 
 publications. Dr. Ariu' left little or no property 
 behind him; a circumstance which will not appear 
 extraordinary to those who consider his real eharacter 
 and life. He was naturally fond of viei(»us pleasure, 
 to which he sacrificed every otlwr consideration." 
 ( 97 ) 
 
 H
 
 DR. MINE. 
 
 The Will he made is at Somerset House, and recites 
 as follows : — In the Name of God Amen — I Thomas 
 Aug-ustine Arne of Bow Street Covent Garden in 
 the County of Middlesex doctor in Music being- of 
 sound mind memory and understanding- hereby 
 make and pronounce this to be my last Will and 
 Testament revoking all former Wills made or 
 pretended to be made whatever Whereas I am 
 possessed of a small Personal Estate consisting- of 
 goods Chattels and Effects most of them now standing- 
 lying or being in the House I rent of Mrs. Woodeville 
 in Bow Street aforesaid and particularized in the 
 Schedule hereto annexed I leave give and bequeath 
 them in manner and form following First to my 
 beloved Avife Cecilia and only son Michael I give 
 and bequeath the sad remains of my once excellent 
 Organ mangled trod to pieces and ruined by and 
 through the Villainy of wicked Servants that they 
 may dispose of the same to the best advantage and 
 share the profits equally between them Secondly 
 I give and bequeath to the said Cecilia and Michael 
 all my Worldly Goods Chattels Estate Personal 
 whatever and wherever to be found (except as 
 hereafter excepted) Books musical and for reading 
 Plate and every other thing now situate standing 
 or lying- in my house in Bow Street aforesaid or in 
 any other place to be found As to all books Musical 
 or Literary and all Manuscripts in either branch 
 written or composed by me or other Persons My 
 Will is that such as may by performance at any 
 time or in any place produce any profit or Benefit 
 to the said Cecilia and Michael The expenses 
 attending such Performances being first paid and 
 
 ( 98 )
 
 DR. ARNK. 
 
 <l»'fraye(l (Miually between thom The Profits or Heiietits 
 ai-isiii^ from the Sale oi- Public Perforinance thereof 
 shall be equally divided between them .share and 
 share alike And the said Property being- liable iu 
 an exception before limited I shall make it here 
 viz. That the share and proportion of the sai<l 
 .Michael is only circumscribed or limited in this 
 particular viz. that when by sale of the Goods or 
 part of them or by Public Pertormance or 
 Pertormances of any of my Works, have received 
 to his share the sum of seventy Pounds that he 
 shall pay or cause to l)e paid to his Daug-hter 
 .lemima the sum of ten (Juineas as a present from 
 uie to his said Daughter for her Love and Kindness 
 to me It is therefore my last will that all my 
 works in particular Shall l)e and remain in the 
 Possession of my said wife Cecilia subject to their 
 being- called forth used and employed for the mutual 
 benefit profit and emolument of my said son as well 
 as my wife, for Security of which to the said 
 Cecilia she has and shall have by virtue hereof 
 (before the delivery of any work) au unquestionable 
 rig-ht to be satisfied As io the Prol)ability of Success 
 in the undertaking- and an equal right to elect a 
 Trustee or Treasurer to sit in the Treasurers OtHcc 
 on all and every Night whereon any of my works 
 are performed And after all the chargres attending- 
 such performance or performances shall be duly 
 deducted to take and receive for an<l to the use of 
 the said Cecilia one clear half or ^Moiety of the 
 M<mies or Profits arising- thercfnuu and then take 
 the Score and Parts of such Work or W(U-ks aud 
 reconvey it or them in Safety to the said Cecilia 
 ( 99 )
 
 DR. ARNE. 
 
 And this same just method of Proceeding- shall duly 
 be observed for the said Cecilia's equal Security in 
 Case that either of the said dramatic Productions 
 shall by their mutual consent be disposed of for 
 their mutual Profits or Advantage to either of the 
 Patent Theatres And in case that the said Cecilia 
 shall depart this Life before the Death of the said 
 Michael in such case the whole Personal Estate 
 and Property above mentioned shall devolve or come 
 down in rig"ht to the said Michael as sole Successor 
 by this my last Will and Testament And lastly I 
 hereby nominate and appoint the said Cecilia and 
 Michael my joint and sole Executors of this my 
 last will and Testament hereby impowering- them to 
 sue for and recover all debts and Demands whatever 
 due to me on any account whatever whether in Law 
 or Equity As Witness my hand and Seal this sixth 
 of December in the seventeenth year of the Reig"n 
 of Our Sovereig-n Lord Georg-e the third and in the 
 year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred and 
 seventy-seven. 
 
 Thqs- Aug^e- Arne. 
 
 Sealed and delivered being- first duly stamp'd in the 
 presence of Stephen Paxton Maria Barthelemon.* 
 On the 6th of March, 1778, the Morning Chronicle 
 had a short parag-raph : yesterday, died Dr. Arne, 
 at his house in Bow-Street, whose musical talents 
 were an honour to himself and this country." 
 
 * Proved. 16 March, 177H, by Cecilia Arne, widow, 
 relict of the deceased, one of the executors Avith power 
 reserved, 21 March, 177H, by Michael Arne, son of the 
 deceased, the other executor named in the will. 
 
 ( 100 )
 
 DR. ARNE. 
 
 Arne was interred in tli«' ])uri:il j^Tound on the 
 north side of St. Paul's Church, Covent Garden, on 
 the 15th of March, and the fact was noted in the 
 Parish Reg-isterjie bcinj,'- descrilu'd simply as ' Thomas 
 Arne." No memorial of him was erected, but his 
 son suggested a scheme for placing- a monument in 
 Westminster Abbey. This, like most of Michael Arne's 
 projects, ended in talk ; indeed, he only survived his 
 father eig-ht years, and died in South Lambeth on 
 the 14th of .January, 1786, leaving- a widow, his 
 second wife, in destitute circumstances. His career 
 had been a varied one. His aunt, Mrs. Cibber, 
 taug-ht him as a child how to act on the stag-e, and 
 he appeared as the Pag-e in Otway's trag-edy "The 
 Orphan." His fatlier g-ave him sing-ing- lessons, 
 and procured him eng-ag-ements at the Marylebone 
 Gardens in 1751. He became a skilled harpsichord 
 player, and made a g-ood reputation as a composer of 
 song-s and ballads. His music to Garrick's romance, 
 
 Cymon," produced at Drury Lane in 1767, was 
 very popular. He married one of his father's pupils, 
 Elizabeth Wrig-ht, in 1766, who became a suc- 
 cessful stag-e - vocalist ; she died in 1774-5. He 
 inherited much of his father's talent, but, infatuated 
 with the determination to discover the mystery of 
 the philosopher's stone, he built a lal)oratory at 
 Chelsea, and ruined himself. Removing- to Ireland, 
 he resumed his profession of music, and revived his 
 fortune; but the old mania returned, and he retired 
 to Clontarf to make experiments which he Indieved 
 would enable him to manufacture g-old, with the 
 result that he ag-ain begg-ared himself, and was 
 arrested and confined in a spong:ing--house in Dublin. 
 
 ( 10] )
 
 DR. ARNE. 
 
 From this, by the exertions of friends, he was 
 released. He retnrned to London, and ag-ain took up 
 work as a teacher and composer, Imt with only 
 moderate success. 
 
 Dr. Arne, as we have seen, died on the 5th of 
 March, and on the 28th of the succeeding- month 
 (April) a performance was g-iven at the Theatre 
 Royal in the Haymarket for the benefit of Mrs. Arne, 
 which was attended by the old family friend Mr. 
 Mawhood, and duly recorded in his diary. The 
 programme included Dr. Arne's Eleg-y Glee, 
 "Come, shepherds, we'll follow the hearse," specially 
 instrumented for the occasion by Dr. Samuel Arnold. 
 
 Previous to the reconciliation with her husljand, 
 Mrs. Arne had resided with Barthelemon and his 
 wife ; after Dr. Arne's death she ag-ain went to live 
 with them at their house in Yauxhall. Here she 
 enjoyed a few years of peaceful happiness, loving- 
 and beloved. An extract from a letter addressed 
 to Mrs. Barthelemon in 1788 by a near relative 
 will be read with interest: "We rest in hope Mrs. 
 Arne continues on the mending- hand, she has been 
 a g-ood woman, and has long- attended to the future 
 rest of her soul, which becomes the most important 
 of all charg-es, thoug-h many of us decline it to a 
 late moment. Mrs. Scott desires to be kindly 
 remembered to Mr. Barthelemon^ Mrs. Lampe, Miss 
 Lampe, and dear Mrs. Arne, Yours affectionately, 
 John Scott." ^ 
 
 "At the advanced ag-e of seventy-nine Mrs. Arne 
 continued to observe the hours of prayer, and the 
 
 * A nephew by marriage of Mrs. Arne. 
 
 ( 102 )
 
 DR. ARM<:. 
 
 usual fast-days of her Cliurch, with a riffour suitable 
 to the austerity of primitive tiuies, althou{,'-h that 
 Church's discipline excused such habits of severe 
 self-denial in its uu-nibers at her time «>f life. Her 
 manners, her haliits, and her person at that great 
 ag-e, were not only inottensive and untroublesome, 
 but edifying, affecting, and affection-moving to those 
 4r<)und her." 
 
 " When she was ill and supposed to be dying, 
 notwithstanding their <liiferent Communions they 
 [the IJartheiemon family] read the Psalms and 
 Lessons together in Mrs. Arne's bedroom, where, 
 at her bed's head, was a Crucifix, at the foot of 
 which was a little vase full of holy water." One 
 day, she was supposed to be dead, and the Doctor, 
 whose name was Carson, being present assured Mrs. 
 Barthelemon that she was gone. She, however, 
 could not resign herself to that belief, although he 
 said he wished he could be as certain of going to 
 heaven as he was that she was already there. ]\Irs. 
 Barthelenion, however, tried to delay his departure, 
 and acc(unpanied him to the house door, when she 
 implored him to look at her aunt once more, and 
 to this he impatiently consented, and almost angrily 
 applied a flanu' to her mouth and nose to show 
 that breathing had ceased, when he suddenly called 
 out for the strongest cordial at hand, the result of 
 which was the revival of the supposed deceased, 
 who soon exclaimed — Oh ! my dears, you have 
 called me back from the glories described in the 
 Te Deum.'" This restoration took place nine months 
 before she eventually expired, on the (Ith of Octolu'r, 
 1789. Her mortal renuiins wen- i)hi('t'(l in the 
 I 10:3 )
 
 DR. A liXE. 
 
 vaults of the church of St. Martin-iii-the-Fields. 
 Ten years hiter her loved niece, Mrs. Barthelenion, 
 was hnried in the same vault, the two coffins being- 
 linked together by a chain." 
 
 The following- interesting- letter addressed to Mr. 
 and Mrs. Barthelenion, written by Dr. Burney on 
 the 21st of October, 1789, throws a flood of light 
 on the life and character of Mrs. Arne : 
 
 Dear Sir and Madam. — Having- been in Norfolk 
 a considerable time, the melancholy news of my old 
 and worthy friend did not arrive at my knowledg-e 
 till a few days ag-o, otherwise we should certainly 
 have been more early in communicating- our 
 condolence. Except yourselves, whose anxious care 
 and benevolence have been so uninterruptedly mani- 
 fested for such a series of years, no one of the 
 friends or acquaintances of the good Mrs. Ante could 
 wish to be of some use to her more heartily than I 
 have constantly done, ever since I first saw her at 
 Chester, on her way from Ireland, in the Autumn 
 of 1744; and it has of late years been a matter of 
 real afliiction to me that it has not been in my 
 power to g-ive more proofs of my zeal. I never had 
 forg-otten the g-ood soul's kindness to me during- my 
 residence with Dr. Arne ; when, it is not too much 
 to say, I profited more in my studies by the 
 advantag-e of accompanying- her in her vocal exercises 
 than by any instructions which the Doctor had 
 leisure to give me. She was indeed, not only 
 desirous of my professional improvement, but had a 
 parental attention to my morals and conduct. As 
 long- as I remained under the same roof, I tried 
 everything- in my power, and not unsuccessfully, to 
 
 ( 104 )
 
 DR. ARNK. 
 
 eontri])ute to domestic liannony. so necessary to 
 the welfare of the whole family, as well as the 
 comfort of individuals ; and I <li<l flatter myself, if 
 I had continued lony-er with tiiem, the union would 
 have been of lonj^er duration. 
 
 The Doctor, rest his soul ! with all his j^enius and 
 ahilities, was too volage at every period of his life, 
 to merit the title of a good family num ; and soon 
 after I (luitted him, I heard with jjrrief that our 
 late clear worth]! friend was no longer under the 
 same roof. Durinjif a residence of nine years in 
 Norfolk, I lost sijjfht of her, )»ut never forjrot the 
 g-oodness of her heart, or the talents and professional 
 merits of her youngrer years. There was a time 
 when her voice, shake and numner of sing-iufr, were 
 superior to those of any tV'uiale performer in the 
 country. 
 
 I always respected that benevolence of heart 
 which inclined you both to afford the poor soul an 
 asylum after ay-e and infirmity had deprived her of 
 those talents, and however inconvenient it may have 
 sometimes been, I am certain you will always think 
 of it with the pleasure which retlectiny upon y-ood 
 actions constantly affords t(> minds capalde of 
 performing- them. 
 
 It gave me great satisfaction to hear that our 
 well disposed and virtuous friend had the comfort 
 of relig'ion in her last moments. She mis nhraiis 
 attentive to the dutien of a sincere and irorfJiji ineiiilnr 
 of her ehnreJi ; a disposition to be honoured and 
 had in reverence among Christians of every denomina- 
 tion. Mrs. Burney sincerely joins in condolence 
 and best compliments, and I beg you will believe 
 
 ( lOn )
 
 DR. ARNE. 
 
 me to be with iiiifeig'iietl reg-ard, dear Sir and Madam, 
 Your affectionate friend and faithful Servant, 
 
 " Chas. Burney. 
 
 (P.S.) I cannot help regarding the loss of 
 Mrs. Arne with a kind of filial sorrow; she was the 
 last survivor among those to whom I attached the 
 idea of a parent. I lost my poor mother about 12 
 years ago, at the great age of 86. This letter must 
 not be sealed before I have added my compliments 
 and good wishes for the health of Miss Cecilia, 
 sincerely hoping she will continue a constant source 
 of comfort to you to your lives' end ! " 
 
 The following is a chronological list of music 
 composed by Dr. Arne. 
 
 1733 Rosamond. Tom Thumb. Dido and iEneas. 
 1736 Zara. Serenata, Love and Glory. The fall 
 of Pha?ton. 
 
 1738 Oonius. 
 
 1739 An Hospital for fools. 
 
 1 740 Alfred. Rule, Britannia. Judgment of Paris. 
 
 As you like it. 
 
 1741 Twelfth Night. The Blind Beggar of Bethnal 
 
 Green. 
 
 1742 Miss Lucy in town. Merchant of Venice. 
 
 1743 Britannia. Eliza. 
 
 1744 The death of Abel. Theodosius. The Rehearsal. 
 
 1745 The Temple of Dulness. King Pepin's 
 
 Campaign. Colin and Phoebe. 
 
 1746 The Tempest. Neptune and Amphitrite. 
 
 Capochio and Dorinna. Miss in her Teens. 
 
 1747 The Tender Husband. Love's Labour 's Lost.* 
 
 ( 106 )
 
 Dli. ARNE. 
 
 1740 Doll Saverio. Much Ado about Notliiiitr. 
 
 The Pn»vokM WitV. ' 
 1750 l)irg"e in Koiiieo and .lulift." Ode i»ii 
 
 Cliocrfuliu'ss. 
 175:2 Harlecxuin Sorcerer. Tli«' Oracle. 
 1750 The Pincu.shiou. The Sacrifice of Iphigreiiia. 
 1759 The Prophetess. The Sultan. Exercise 
 
 ]\Ius.I)oc. Cymheliiie. The She (iallants. 
 
 1700 Tlionias and Sally. The Desert Island. 
 
 1701 Judith. 
 
 1702 Artaxerxes. Love in a A illajje. 
 
 1703 The Birth of Hercules. 
 
 1704 The (iuardiaii Outwitted. Oliinpiade. Perseus 
 
 and Andromeda. Arcadian Nuptials. 
 1709 Shakespeare Ode. The Jovial Crew. 
 
 1770 Dir^-e. Kiuy Arthur. The Ladies' Frolic. 
 
 1771 The Fairy Princei*. 
 
 1772 The Cooper. Trip to Portsmouth. Squire 
 
 Badger. Reffley Spring-. The Rose. 
 Elfrida. 
 1778 Pasticcio. The Contest of Beauty and Nirtue. 
 Achilles in Petticoats. 
 
 1774 The Rival (Queens. 
 
 1775 Caractaeus, 
 
 1770 Little (lipsy. Whittiugtou's Feast. Phoehe 
 at Court. PhilHs. 
 
 Arne composed many pieces for the Nobleman's 
 
 Catch Club"; thirty-seven of these are printed in 
 
 Warren's Collection " and in Vocal Harm(»uy."' 
 
 Fifteen are English and Italian Catches, fourteen 
 
 are Glees, and eig-ht are Canons. There are published 
 
 * The date of production is uncertain. 
 
 ( 107 )
 
 DR. ARXE. 
 
 numerous song-s, coucei-tos, sonatas for harpsichord, 
 and for vioHns and harpsichord. These are not 
 dated in the foreg-oing- list. In his orchestral 
 compositions Arne employed piccolo, flutes, clarinets, 
 hassoons, horns, trumpets and drums in addition 
 to the usual string-s, violins, violas, violetta, 
 violoncelli, douhle-hasses and harp. He used the 
 device of pizzicato and of sordino; he also occasionally 
 labelled imitative passag-es, for example, " The Owl," 
 m Where the bee sucks." He used the abbreviation 
 I* for J J J ; possibly he introduced it. 
 
 Arne was the acknowledg-ed author of the libretti 
 of many stag-e-pieces and wrote the poetry of 
 numerous song-s. His known libretti included 
 "Don Saverio," 1750; " Artaxerxes," 1762; "The 
 Guardian Outwitted," 1764; "The Rose," 1772; 
 "The Cooper," 1772; "The Contest of Beauty and 
 Virtue," 1773; a "Pasticcio," 1773; "Phcebe at 
 Court," 1776; and " Whitting-ton's Feast," 1776. 
 
 NOTE TO PAGE 76. 
 
 *Dr. Anie presents his love to Mis. Arue, desiring to be inform'd 
 of her health, which he sincerely hopes she enjoys. He cou'd not 
 possibly call upon her in the hurry of this new Piece ; but will take 
 a speedy opportunity. Begs the favour of her signing the inclos'd 
 receipt for the money he has paid, which he thinks was sixteen 
 Guineas, and five more, sent herewith, make one and twenty. 
 
 Reciev'd Nov. ye 21st, of Dr. Arne, the sume of twenty-one 
 Guineas, in part of the money due to me, at the rate of forty pounds 
 a year, agreed to be jjaid for my board, lodging and maintenance. 
 
 Dr. Arne' Accot. of Arrears due to Mrs. Arne from the Allowance 
 made to her of 16s. 8d. p. week, which from April 16th, 1771, to 
 Novr. 26th following is Eight Months and two Days and which 
 amountsto 26 18 10| 
 
 Reed, at Sundry times 16 16 
 
 Remaining due 
 
 [* The autograph in my possession. — W. H. 
 
 ( 108 ) 
 
 10 
 5 
 
 2 lOi 
 5 
 
 4 17 lOi 
 
 C]
 
 RULE, BRITANNIA.
 
 RULE, BRITANNIA. 
 
 His Royal Hig-hiiess Frederick Prince of Wales, 
 son of King- Georg-e the Second, was opposed to 
 his father not only in politics, but also in his 
 tastes and amusements. The Kins' had no likiny- 
 for, or appreciation of, British men and thinys ; 
 the Prince, on the contrary, assiduously cultivated 
 a knowledge of the English laws and constitution, 
 and strove to assimilate his tastes and feelings to 
 those of the people he expected one day to rule 
 and govern. He zealously promoted such measures 
 as he thought desirable for the public welfare, and 
 patronized men of eminence connected with arts, 
 science, and literature. His beautiful residence, 
 Cliefden,^ on the banks of the Thames, was the 
 recognized resort of the most distinguished men of 
 letters and art. The under-secretary of the Prince 
 was David Mallet, to whom he paid a stipend of 
 
 * Cllefden House, originally erected for George yilli»'r>, 
 seeoiul Duke of Bufkiuyhinn, Avas ))uih of red brick with 
 stone dressings, having- at eacli end a square Aviiig connected 
 ■with tbe main ))uil«liny by a <-oloiuiade, and fronted by a 
 magnificent terrace four liundred and forty feet long. The 
 Duke expended hirge sums on tiie house and grounds; for 
 the latter, consisting of about one hun(b-ed and tliirty-six 
 acres, he procured, regardh-ss of cost, tiie choicest si)ecimens 
 of trees, shrubs and th)«ers, native and foreign, and so 
 enhanced the natural beauties of the site that it was reputj-d 
 to surpass all other estates in England. At the death of the 
 Duke, Cliefden was purchased by Lord George Hamilton, 
 ( m )
 
 R ULE, BRIT A NNIA . 
 
 two hundred pounds per annum ; Thomson the poet 
 was also one of his proteg-es. A chang-e of g'overn- 
 nient deprived Thomson of a hicrative appointment, 
 and Ijeiny- introduced to the Prince of Wales the 
 latter graily interrog-ated him about the state of his 
 affairs; the poet replied, they were in a more 
 poetical posture than formerly," whereupon the 
 Prince g-ranted him a pension of one hundred 
 pounds a year. 
 
 In 1740 the Prince of Wales resolved to celebrate 
 in a special manner two important events — the 
 Accession of the House of Hanover to the throne 
 of Eng"land, and the anniversary of the birth of his 
 little daug-hter, the Princess Aug-usta, born on the 
 31st of July, 1737. For the occasion the services 
 of Mallet and Thomson were called into requisition. 
 John Rich, the successful actor-manag"er, was also com- 
 missioned to prepare various stag"e performances. Rich 
 had l)ecome popular from his connection with Gay's 
 Beg-g-ar's Opera," which he had the g"ood fortune 
 to produce at the theatre in Lincoln's Inn Fields 
 
 afterwards Earl of Orkney ; lie died Avithoiit male issue, and 
 the property and title passed to his daughter. She leased the 
 estate to the Prince of Wales, who regularly resided there 
 until his death in 17'">1. The splendid mansion Avas destroyed 
 by fire on the 20th of May, 17*«'"n owing to the carelessness 
 of a mnidservant, avIio, whilst reading in bed, was startled by 
 the curtains bursting into flame. With the exception of the 
 wings, the building was entirely ))urnt, together with valuable 
 furniture, tapestry and paintings. Sir George Warrender 
 bought the estate and rebuilt the house in 1 830. At his death 
 it was sold to the Duke of Sutherland, and on the 15th of 
 March, 1841), fli-e again destroyed the building, which was 
 afterwards rebuilt from designs by Barry. 
 ( 112 )
 
 HI LI:. lilUr.WMA. 
 
 ill 1728, and then'J»y iictttMl tour thousand 
 pounds. The author rcceivcMl six iuinch-cd and ninety- 
 three pounds three shillinj,'-s and sixpence. This 
 reniarkahle suceess ciilh'd forth the witty sayinK- 
 that ' the He<i-^ar's Opera ' made (iay rich, and 
 Kieh gray." Rieli was the founder of Covent Garden 
 Theatre, in XIM. and was doul)tless on excellent 
 terms with the aristocratic patrons <)f the stajre, 
 iuclndins- the Prince of Wales. On the 5th of 
 Septemher, 1740, he piloted the I'rince througrli the 
 mazes of Bartludomew Fair, Smithiield. A witness 
 of the scene has described it thus : The multitude 
 behind was impelled violently forwards, a l)roa<l 
 bla/e of red light, issuing- from a score of tlambeaux, 
 streamed into the air; several voices were loudly 
 shouting- ' Room there for Prince (Jeorg-e! make way 
 for the Prince ! ' Presently the pressure became 
 much grreater, the voices louder, the lig-ht strong-er, 
 and as the train came onward it mig-ht be seen 
 that it consisted of a party of yeomen of the g-uard 
 clearing- the way ; then several more of them bearing: 
 tlambeaux and flanking- the procession, while in the 
 midst <»f all appeared a tall, fair and handsome 
 yonng- man, having- something- of a plump, foreig-n 
 visag-e, seeming-ly about four-and -thirty years of 
 age, dressed in a ruby-coloured frock coat, very 
 richly g-uarded wdth g-old lace, and having- his long- 
 flowing- hair curiously curled over his forehead and 
 at the sides, and linished with a very larg-e bag- and 
 courtly queue behind. The air of dig-nity with 
 which he walked, the blue ribbon and star and 
 garter with which he was decctrated. the small 
 three-cornered silk hat which he wore, whilst all 
 ( n.s .) 
 I
 
 RULE, imiTAyyiA. 
 
 around him were uncovered, the numerous suite, 
 iis well of g-entlemen as of g-uards, which nuirshnlled 
 him along, the obsequious attention of a short, stout 
 person, who hy his fiourishius- manner seemed to he 
 a player, — all these particulars indicated that the 
 amiable Frederick Prince of Wales was visiting- 
 Bartholomew Fair by torchlig-ht, and that Manager 
 Rich was introducing- his royal guest to all the 
 entertainments of the place." 
 
 Great preparations were made at Chefden, and on 
 the 1st of August, the Prince of Wales received his 
 guests. An interesting account of the proceedings 
 was printed in the London Daily Post and iieneyal 
 Advertiser of Saturday, the 2nd, in the followiuij;- 
 words : " Last night was performed at the gardens 
 of Cliefden, (in commemoration of the Accession of 
 his late Majesty King George, and in Honour of 
 the Birth of the Princess Augusta; their Royal 
 Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales, with 
 all their Court beiug present,) a new Masque of 
 Two Acts, taken from the various Fortunes of 
 Alfred the Great by Mr. Thomson; and performed 
 by Mr. Quin, Mr. Milward, Mrs. Horton, and 
 others from both Theatres ; — also a Masque of 
 Music, caird 'The Judgement of Paris' wi-it by 
 Mr. Dryden ; * and concluded with several Scenes 
 out of Mr. Rich's Pantomime Entertainment, 
 perform M by himself, and others of his appointing 
 particularly the Skeleton Scene in Merlin's Cave, 
 and the Dwarf' Scene in Orpheus and Euridice. 
 Also the famous Le Barbarini (newly arriv'd with 
 
 * A mistake ; <lie " Judgement of Paris" was written ])y 
 Congreve. 
 
 ( m )
 
 A'/'L/;, r.nnwsMA. 
 
 Mr. Wich from Paris.) pci-t'uriiR'd scvci-al Dainrs, 
 ami so imuli to tlic satisfaction of tln'ir IJnyal 
 Hi<rlinesses, that his |{oyaI Hijirhness was jjIcasM 
 to make lier a very haiidsoiiie l*i-esent. ami the 
 work was eon<hicte«l with tlie utmost .Mag"iiifieriiee 
 ami Decorum." The Fete was repeated on the 
 following- evening', hut unfortunately a violent rain- 
 storn) interiMipted the proeeedinys, and tlie Masque 
 of Alfred had to l)e performed in the house. The 
 IhilJij Post, of Ano-ust the ."ith, reported that " the 
 whole was exhilnted upon a Theatre in the Garden, 
 composed of Veg-etahles and decorated with Festoons 
 of Flowers, at the F]nd (►f which was erected a 
 i^avilion for Their Koyal Highnesses the Prince of 
 Wales, Prince Georg-e, and Princess Aug-usta." 
 
 It is remarkahle that the newspaper report makes 
 no mention of Thomas Arne, who composed the 
 music for hoth Masques, whose work alone has 
 rescued from ol)livion the memory of the proceeding's. 
 One of the songs in 'Alfred " was "Kule, Britannia." 
 The Masque is forg-otten; poet and composer, and 
 they who first heard its thrilling- hurst from chorus 
 and orchestra are mouldering- in their tomhs ; the 
 halls throug-h which the strain resounded have long- 
 since perished ; hut the enthusiasm then awakened 
 still vihrates in the British heart to the sound of 
 the words, 
 
 Knlt». Bi'itnnnia, Britannia rule 1 lie waves. 
 
 Tlunnas Arne resided at Cliefden hefore and 
 during- the Fete ; his wife, who was one of the 
 principal vocalists in l»oth Masques, many years 
 afterwards told her g-rand-niece, Cecilia Mai-ia 
 IJartln'hMuon, that she witnessed a curious scene on 
 ( U'> )
 
 RULE, BRITANNIA. 
 
 one of the lawns : Two men were mowing-, when 
 the hinder man severely cut the calf of the leg" of 
 the other, and the Prince of Wales immediately 
 dipped a camhric handkerchief in some Arqnehusade 
 and himself wrapped it round the man's leg", which 
 needed no other cure." 
 
 Very shortly after the performance, on the 19th of 
 August, Millar, the bookseller and publisher, issued 
 the libretto of Alfred " : the title of the book reads : 
 
 Alfred, a Masque Represented before Their Royal 
 Hig"hnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales, At 
 Clifden, [sic) on the First of August, 1740. London 
 Printed for A. Millar, over ag"ainst St. Clement's Churcii 
 in the Strand MDCCXL." A perusal of the publica- 
 tion shows that Mr. Milward represented King- 
 Alfred ; Mrs. Horton, the King"'s wife, Eltruda ; 
 Mr. Quin, a Hermit ; Mr. Mills, the Earl of Devon ; 
 Mr. Salway, Corin, a Shepherd ; Mrs. Clive, Emma, 
 the Shepherd's wife. Two other characters, a 
 Bard and a Spirit, have no names attached, but 
 we know that the part of the Spirit was sung" l)y 
 Mrs. Arne. The Masque consists almost entirely of 
 speaking" parts ; the first introduction of music is a 
 song" for Emma, the Shepherd's vdfe, who has a 
 delig"htful little ditty to the words: 
 
 O peace ! the fairest child of heaven, 
 
 To whom the sylvan reign was given, 
 
 The vale, the fountain and the gi'ove, 
 
 With every softer scene of love. 
 
 Return, sweet peace, and cheer the weeping s^\ ain : 
 
 Return with ease and pleasure in thy train. 
 
 '■'■'- Arquebnsade water was a concoction of spirits and herbs 
 commonly applied to gunshot wounds. 
 
 ( 116 )
 
 RULE, nniTAXMA. 
 
 This clianiiiiis: song- was <l<Mil>tk'ss well sung" l)y 
 Kitty ('live, wlio, u few years later, was the tirst 
 to warble Arne's exquisite melody. Where the 
 bee siieks." 
 
 The third scene opens with a stag-e direction — 
 Solemn music is heanl at a distance. It comes 
 nearer in full symphony: after which a singfle 
 trumpet sounds a hig-h and awakening- air. Then 
 the following- stanzas are sung- hy two aerial spirits 
 unseen : 
 
 Wviiv, Alfred, lathei- of \\w stale 
 
 Thy geiiius lic-nen's liifj-li will doc-lai-e! 
 
 Whut proves tlie hero Iridy yreal, 
 
 ly never, never to despair : 
 
 Tliy hope awake, lliy liearl expand 
 
 AVith all its vigour, all its Hres. 
 
 Arise I and save a sinking land — 
 
 Thy country calls, and heaven inspires. 
 
 If Anie composed music for the ahove, it was ne\ er 
 published. 
 
 The next air is sung- by Eltruda, the Queen, 
 represented hy Mrs. Horton. It was sung- off the 
 stag-e, and according- to Arne's score was accompanied 
 by harpsichord and Hute, the latter instrument 
 echoing- the voice -part. The libretto has two 
 verses, but only the following- was performed: 
 Sweet valley, say, where, pensive lyin;?. 
 For me, our children, Etiulatid, sighing-. 
 
 The best of mortals leans his head. 
 Ye fountains, dimpled l>y my soi-row, 
 Ye brooks that my complainings ))ori-ow, 
 O lead me to his loiu'ly bed : 
 Or if my lover, 
 Deep woods, you cover. 
 Ah, whisper wlu-rc your shadows o'er him spread I 
 ( 117 )
 
 R ULK, hlilTA XXI A . 
 
 Ill the third scene, second Act, after a dialog-ue 
 between Alfred, Eltruda and the Hermit, the latter 
 summons the "Genius of England." Then the 
 stag-e direction is Music g-rand and awful. The 
 Genius descending- sings the following- song-": 
 
 From these eternal regions bright, 
 Where snns, that never set in night, 
 
 Diffuse the golden day : 
 Where spring unfading pours around. 
 O'er all the dew-impearled ground, 
 
 Her thousand colors gay : 
 whether on the fountain's flowery side, 
 Whence living Avaters glide, 
 
 Or m the fragrant grove 
 
 Whose shade embosoms peace and love, 
 New pleasures all your hours employ. 
 And rapture every sense with every joy ! 
 Great heirs of empire ! yet unborn. 
 Who shall this island late adorn ; 
 A monarch's drooping thought to chear, 
 Appear! Appear! Appear! 
 
 Possibly this song- may have been omitted at the 
 performance. Music for it cannot Ite found. The 
 spirits of Edward the Third, Philipa his Queen, 
 and their son the Black Prince, arise tog-ether ; 
 afterwards Queen Elizabeth, succeeded by William 
 the Third — all are described by the Hermit. The 
 next scene opens with a Symphony of Martial 
 music." The last scene affords an opportunity 
 for Emma, the Shepherd's wife, represented by 
 Kitty Clive, to sing- a brig-ht and sprightly melody, 
 ( ns )
 
 A' /A/;, r.niTAXMA. 
 
 aecompaiiied by tlic string' orclu'stra in yuvotte 
 time to the t'ollowiim' words: 
 
 irtliOM', wlio live ill Slicplu'i-d's hower. 
 Press not the rirh and slatcly lied : 
 The new-mown liay and hivatliiiiji lU)\\i'i- 
 A softer oouc'h beneath them spread. 
 Tl" those, who sH ai Shepherd's hoard, 
 Sootlie iio< < he'll- tasfe hy waiilon art : 
 Tliey take wliat Xature's eil'ls alVord, 
 And take it with a ehearl'iil heart. 
 If those, wlio drain the Shepherd's howl. 
 No high and sparkling- w ines ean boast. 
 With wlioh'some eups they ehear the soul. 
 And erowii them with tlie viHag-e toa-^t. 
 Tf those who join in Shepiierd's sport, 
 fTay-daiK-ing- on tiie dai/y'd jii-oimd. 
 Have not the sph'iidor of a court : 
 Yet Love adorns the merr> round. 
 
 A short dialojiiu' between Alfred and Eltrnda 
 folb»ws, and then tlie Hermit speaks. " Helndd. my 
 Lord, our venerabb' Bard. 
 
 Affed and hiind, him whom the Muses lavour. 
 
 You ere you yo, in our h)v'd eountry's praise. 
 
 That nobh^sl tiieme, hear wliat his rapture ))i-eathes. 
 
 This is immethately siieeeeibMl liy 
 
 AN ODE. 
 
 When lirifdiii lirst at lieaven'^ coiimiaiid. 
 Arose from out tlie azure main : 
 This was the charter of the laud. 
 And guardian Angels sung ////'v stiaiii : 
 " Ride, l>riftniiil<i, rule the \va\es: 
 Britons never will l)c slaves." 
 
 I 11!' )
 
 R VLE, BRIT A SMA . 
 
 The nations, not so blest as thee, 
 Must in their turns, to tyrants fall : 
 While thou shalt flourish great and free. 
 The tli'ead and envy of them all. 
 
 " Rule," etc. 
 
 Still moi'e majestic shalt thou rise, 
 3Iore dreadful, from each foreign stroke : 
 As the loud blast that tears the skies. 
 Serves but to root thy native oak. 
 
 " Rule," etc. 
 
 Thee haughty tyrants ne'er shall tame : 
 All their attempts to bend thee doAvn, 
 Will but arouse thy generous flame ; 
 But work their woe, and thy renoAvn. 
 
 "Rule," etc. 
 
 To thee belongs the rural reign ; 
 Thy cities shall with connnerce shine ; 
 All thine shall be the subject main. 
 And every shore it circles thine. 
 
 "Rule," etc. 
 
 The Muses, still with freedom found. 
 Shall to thy happy coast repair : 
 Blest isle ! with matchless beauty crown'd, 
 And manly hearts to guai-d the fair. 
 " Rule, Br/'fainiia, rule the waves, 
 Britons never will be slaves." 
 
 Each of the foregoing' verses was sung* as a solo with 
 the choral refrain Rule, Britannia." The venerable 
 bard was represented by Mr. Thomas Lowe,* a 
 favourite sing-er who was eng-ag-ed at CHefden, and sang- 
 the tenor solos on that occasion in the Judg-ement 
 of Paris." We know from the report in the Daily 
 Post that there were ''other performers from both 
 
 * Dr. Burney observes, "LoAve had <he finest tenor voice I 
 
 ever heard in my life." 
 
 ( 120
 
 liru:, iiniTAXMA. 
 
 theatres." ' doubtless a yood aiul eni<'ieiit clionis. The 
 Ode wouhl have made a splendid ehmax toihe .Masque.t 
 but the libretto show« that the Heniiit followed with 
 a speeeh wliieh is worthy of reprodiietion ; the last 
 four lines are particularly deservin<i' of attention : 
 
 Alfred, go fortli! lead on tlie radiant y«'ars. 
 
 To thee i-eveal'd in vision. Lo! they i-isc I 
 
 Lo ! patriots, heroes, saffes, ei-owd to Wirtli : 
 
 And l>ards to siny lliein in iiinnoi-tai verst'I 
 I see thy connnerce, l>rlf(iiii, grasj) the world : 
 
 All nations serve thee; every foreign Hood, 
 Snhjeeted, pays its trihnte to the TIkidk-s. 
 
 Thither the golden Sontli o))edient pours 
 His sunny treasures : thither the soft East 
 
 Her spices, delicacies, gentle gifts; 
 And thither his i'(»ugii ti-ade the stoiany North. 
 
 S<'e, where beyond the vast Atlantic surge, 
 Hy boldest keels untouciiM, a dreadful space! 
 
 Shoi-es, yet unfound, arise! in youthful prime. 
 With towering forests, mighty rivers crownM ! 
 
 These stoop to i?;vVr//y/'.v thunder. This new world. 
 Shook to the centre, trenddes at her name : 
 
 And there, her sons with aim exalted, sow 
 The seeds of rising empire, arts, and arms. 
 
 />)•/' f (III f! proceed, the subject Deep command. 
 Awe Avith your navies every hostile land. 
 In vain their threats ; their arnues all in vain: 
 They rule the l)alancM world, who rule the nniin. 
 
 *" This day wasrehear>M a( Drury-Laiu' Theatre a 3ras(|ue 
 entitled 'Alfred,' in order to be re])i'eseiil('d before the Princ«' 
 and Priju-ess, at Cliefdeu House on (lie lirst of August." — 
 {(uiif. Mdf/., July 2Stli, 17 to.' 
 
 t When "Alfred" was performed at Drury Lane Theatre, 
 in 17'>1, <he part for the Ilernnt was deleted and the drama 
 ccnichided Avith the Ode, Avhicli Avas ent doAvn to four verses. 
 The soI(»s Avere sung alternately by Alfred and Elti-uda 
 (3Ir. Beard ami Sigiu)ra Ei-asi .
 
 HULK, liRlTA NNIA . 
 
 Altlioug-li the libretto of Alfred " was published 
 a few days after the perforinaiice at Cliefdeii, the 
 iniisie remained in manuscript ; possibly Arne did 
 not consider the number of pieces, only five, 
 sufiicient to warrant the expense of publication ; it is 
 certain however that the Rule, Britannia" Ode 
 caught the public ear, and became celebrated. 
 When therefore the Judg-ement of Paris " Masque 
 was puljlished, about 1741, the opportunity was 
 taken of printing- the score of Rule, Britannia." 
 The volume consists of sixty-one pag-es, and the 
 title-pag"e reads : The music in the Judg-ement of 
 Paris, consisting- of All the Song-s, Duettos and Trio, 
 with the Overture in Score, as perform'd l)y Mr. 
 Beard, Mr. Lowe, Mrs. Arne, Mrs. Clive, Miss 
 Edwards and others at the Theatre Royal in Drury 
 Lane. To which (by particular Desire of Several 
 Encouragers of the Work) are added the Celebrated 
 Ode, in Honour of Great-Britain caJVd Ride, Britannia, 
 and Sawney and Jenney, a favourite Dialog-ue, in 
 the Scotch Stile. The whole compos'd by Thomas 
 Aug-ustine Arne. Opera Sesta. London Printed 
 for Henry Waylett, at the Black Lyon in Exeter 
 Chang-e in the Strand, and sold by him, and at all 
 the music shops in London and Westminster, where 
 may be had five other volumes of the Author's 
 Works." 
 
 It was not before 1751 tliat the other music of 
 
 Alfred " was puldished. The title-page reads : 
 
 The Masque of Alfred compos'd l)y Mr. Arne. 
 
 Loudon. Printed for L Walsh in Catherine Street 
 
 in the Strand." The volume consists of eig-hty-three 
 
 pages; but the celebrated Ode" is conspicuous by its 
 
 ( ^■2■2 )
 
 
 Facr p. Vll.
 
 Still mart mijtHuc Ih<lt thou rile. 
 More dreadful from e^h fureien Stigktf; 
 As the loud BUft tlut teus the Skiet, 
 ServM but to root thy uitive 0*k: HuU If-C 
 
 Thee hjuohty 'l^rants ne'er ihiU ttar : 
 
 All their Atteiii£t> to bend thee do» n 
 
 Will but jrouie thy generous Flime : 
 
 But work their Woe and thj renown. 11 il- J^f- 
 
 To theeheli-nji the rui.1 Heijn; 
 Tlvy Citit» fhill with Cuuii.ie 
 All rhme Dia:". be the f'lh^ect H*ii 
 Andeveij Sliuie u crile* thi^.t 
 
 The MuTesJIliU wiUi Fieedom found. 
 
 ShiJl to ths hjjv> '• »f' rejmr: 
 
 Bleft ICe '. vi-ji ,ati.hlel» Be»ut;< ciowu'd 
 
 1 tg su.id the F»u. ■HI' ^f-
 
 niLK, liniTA.XMA. 
 
 altseiR-e. No doubt Waylctt, the piililishcr <»f tlu' 
 * .lu(l«renieiit of Paris," was imwilliiiji' to permit its 
 insertion without some adequate recompense. In 
 what way the matter was adjusted we do not know ; 
 hut an arrangement was made, and a second e<Htiou 
 (d "Alfred" issued wliich inehuled the "Celebrated 
 Ode." The phites used were those from which tlu' 
 music was printed in the "Judgement of Paris"; 
 this is evident from the double-pajiing- visilde (»n 
 the pag-es of " Alfred " : G2-84-, 6:3-85, <)4-8t). The 
 first set of numbers belong- to the .ludg-ement of 
 Paris," and the second set to Alfred." 
 
 The first published score of " Pule, Britannia " 
 enabU's us to note tliat both words and music have 
 undergone consideral)U' changes, some of them 
 undoubte<lly improvements and others the reverse. 
 The elimination of the short ritornelles, or symphonies, 
 which A rue wrote between the several lines of the 
 verses, brings the subject-matter closer together 
 and makes it more adaptal)le for a national song-. 
 On the otiier hand, the alteration of the melody in 
 the last bar of the solo cannot be commended, 
 neither can the change of melody and harmony at 
 the end of the Hrst l)ar (►f the chorus. As originally 
 composed it was very strong-, virile, and characteristic 
 of Arne. It would, however, be injudicious now to 
 attempt to restore the original; custom and the 
 popular ear have stereotyped the prevailing- version. 
 It is noteworthy that C'happeirs Popular ]Mnsic of 
 the Olden Time," and also the reprint of that 
 work, g-ive the erroneous version without e<Mnment. 
 The Genflcmoirs Mtifitiziiu' (d" 17.">."). with the 
 exception of some typographical errors, faithfully 
 ( 1-23 )
 
 RULE, BRITAXSIA. 
 
 follows the composer. It would be interesting- to 
 ascertain who first tampered with the Ode. AVilliam 
 Horsley published an edition about 1840, which is 
 correct. The words have also been badly treated. 
 The orio'inal says "g'uardian ang^els amig this strain," 
 and the command " Rule, Britannia, rule the waves '' 
 has been chang-ed to an assertion that ' Britannia 
 rules the waves," This error may without difficulty 
 be avoided in future. 
 
 After the performance of ' Alfred " at Cliefden, we 
 can trace no public representation of any of the 
 music before the 21st July, 1742, when Mrs. Arne 
 sang- the air, ' Peace, thou fairest child of Heaven," 
 at a concert in Dublin. 
 
 The work was advertised for performance in Dublin 
 in 1743, but was not actually produced until the fol- 
 lowing- year. On the 28th of February and 3rd of 
 March an advertisement appeared in F(iulknei'\s 
 JouriiaJ—" The Third Night of the Subscription, at 
 the Theatre-royal in Smock Alley, on Saturday next, 
 being- the 10th of this Inst., March, will be performed 
 the .Tudg-ement of Paris, written by Mr. Cong-reve 
 and set to music by Mr. Arne, with all the Chorusses 
 as performed at the Theatre Eoyal in Drury-Lane; 
 after which will be performed a new Serenata, called 
 Alfred, composed by Mr. Arne, at the special 
 Comnuind of his Royal Highness, Frederick Prince 
 of Wales, and never performed but at his Palace at 
 Cliefden, which concludes with a favourite Ode in 
 Honour of (Ireat Britain, beg-inning-, When Britain 
 first at Heav'n's command. N.B. Attendance will 
 be g-iven at the Theatre on each Day of Performance." 
 In May and June, 1744, for the benefit of the 
 
 ( y^i )
 
 niLE, JilllTAXMA. 
 
 (•(Huposer and his wife, two ])('i-t(»rinaii(('s \v»m-«* yiveii 
 of "Alfn'ir' and flic *' .hKlycmciit of Paris." Tin* 
 Dublin ./(*('r//(»/aim<>iiiH<'(l hyaiKcrtiseiiieut as follows: 
 'Being" particularly dcsii-ed. For tlielRMicfit of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Arne. At Mr. Xealc's great Kooni 
 in Fisluunble street, on Wednesday the 30th 
 of this Tnst. May 1. will l»e performed the Jndg-enient 
 (»f Paris, written by Mr. Congreve, and now set to 
 music l)y INIr. Arne, after which will l)e performed a 
 Serenata, call'd Alfred, composed by Mr. Arne at the 
 special Command of his Hoyal Hig-hness Frederick 
 Prince of Wales, and performed at his Palace at 
 Cliefden, on the Birthday of the young- Princess 
 Augusta. To conclude with the celebrated Ode in 
 Honour of Great Britain, beginning- (AVhen Britain 
 first at Heaven's Command). The principal Parts 
 to be sung- l)y ^Fr. Lowe, Mr. Colog-an, and Mrs. Arne, 
 being- the last Time but one that .Mr. Arne, Mrs. Arne 
 or Mr. Lowe wnll perform in Pnblick this Season. 
 Mr. Arne will accompany the Performance on the 
 Violin, Mr. AVelch on the Org-an, and Sig-nior 
 Pasqualino on the Violoncello. N.B. This Performance 
 will be done to g-reat Advantag-e, on account of the 
 Org-an, and the assistance of Mr. Colog-an, and several 
 (ientlemen in the Chorusses, who could not perform 
 at the Theatre. Ticket a British Crown. To beg-in 
 precisely at half an Hour after t/Clock. Vivat Hex. 
 Tickets to be had at Mr. Arne's in Aungier street." 
 The repeat performance took place on the Othof June. 
 It nuiy be noted that Mr. Cologan (James C<dg-an) 
 was a vicar-choral of St. Patrick's Cathedral ; 
 probably the several g-entlemen in the chorus were 
 also attached to St. Patrick's or Christ Church 
 ( i-^:- )
 
 liiLE, BJtlTA yyiA . 
 
 Cathedrals, and thus preehided tVoiii assisting- in 
 performances on the theatre stage. Mr. Welch Avas 
 Mr. Georg-e Walsh, the organist of St. Ann's Church, 
 Dublin. The next performance of Alfred "took place 
 in London. The General Advertiser of 20th March, 
 1745, printed the following-: for the benefit of 
 Mrs. Arne, an Historical Musical Drama, calFd 
 Alfred the Great, King- of England. The Musick 
 was composed by Command of His Royal Highness 
 the Prince of Wales, and never performed in England, 
 but at His Royal Highnesses Palace at Cliefden. 
 The music by Mr. Arne. To conclude with a celelirated 
 Ode in Honour of Great Britain, in imitation of those 
 formerly sung- at the Banquets of Kings and Heroes : 
 Boxes, 6s. ; Pit, 4s. ; First Galler} ,, 2s. 6d. ; and 
 Upper Gallery, Is. 6d. Mr. Arne huml)ly hoi)es the 
 Town will not l)e offended at the small advance of the 
 Price, this Performance being- exhibited at an Extra 
 Expence, with regard to the Number of Hands, 
 Chorus Singers, building- the stage, and erecting- an 
 Org-an ; besides all other incidents as usual. The 
 Ladies are desir'd to send their Servants^ by Four 
 
 * Commentary on the practice of seenring- seats at Drury 
 Lane Theatre is to he found in the " Private correspondence " 
 addressed to David Garrick : " Sir. — Tlie many proofs yon 
 have given the town of your desire to o))lige them, encourage 
 me to propose to you a scheme no less advantageous than 
 useful to the public, especially the polite part of it. The 
 alterations lately made in your theatre for the convenience 
 of the spectators, naturally suggested to me an inconvenience 
 arising from the servants Avho are sent to keep places. I 
 have, with concern, seen a lady finely dressed forced to sit 
 down by a servant whose clothes and feet have been very dirty, 
 and behaviour extremely otfensive; it has happened, to my 
 ( 126 )
 
 ni'LK, JMtJTASMA. 
 
 i)\'\iwV. Tlic :ilM»ve (lay is fi\M on to iivuid inlfrtriiny 
 with Mr. Ilitiidcl.' t 
 
 For this iH'rtonii:iint' the lihrctlo ii:i<l hct'ii 
 considcrahly altered, n'-wriltcii in fact, and Anie had 
 composed the achUtioiial music reciuired ; the titk'-pag-e 
 of the revise<l hook rends: "Alfred, an Opera. 
 Alter'd from the Play, written l»y Mr. Thomson and 
 Mr. Mallet, in Honour of the liirth-Day of Her Uoyal 
 HiKhuess, The Y(mn^- Princess Augusta. The Musick 
 was composed hy Mr. Arne, and pertormM with the 
 Play at Clitfden in Huckinuhamshire at the Special 
 Command of His Royal Highness, Frederic, Prince of 
 Wales. Loiidon. Printed for A. Millar at TJnchanan's 
 |[ea<l. Opposite Catlierine Street in the Strand. 
 M.DCr.XLX." 
 
 The dramatis personuMvere all siufjers, Mr. Ii(>we, 
 the tenor, represented Alfred, Kin<>' of England; 
 Master Connel, Prince Edward, son of Alfred: Mr. 
 IJaihhm, Earl of Devon; Mr. liaker, C'orin, a shepherd ; 
 Mrs. Arne, Eltruda, Queen of England; :\Hss Y(»unH-, 
 the First Spirit ; Miss Syhilla, the Second Spirit : 
 Miss Young-, a Shepherdess, wife of Corin. 
 
 The first lihretto (1740) of " Alfred " was certainly 
 written hy Thomson. It contained many fine lines 
 which are not to he found in the 1745 hook. Two 
 
 knowledge, that some servants, in oi-der to follow their own 
 ple:isni'('s, have hired conunon porters of the street to keep 
 their plaees, whose company better suited a prison than a 
 place of polite entertainment." 
 
 Signed T. B. \ov. 2."», 1 7«'-. 
 
 t Handel gave a perfornianee of his Oratorio "Joseph" al 
 the King's Theatre, llayniarkel, on the 21stof Mareh, 1 74.'> 
 
 ( vr, )
 
 RULE, nRITANNIA. 
 
 examples will suffice. The Hermit, addressing" Alfred, 
 
 says : 
 
 A vision to my plianlasy appear'd — 
 
 I liv'd thro' future ages; felt tlie virtue, 
 
 The great the glorious passions that will fire 
 
 Distant posterity : when guardian laws 
 
 Are by the patriot, in the glowing senate. 
 
 Won from corruption ; when th' impatient arm 
 
 Of liberty, invincil)le, shall scourge 
 
 The tyrants of mankind, — and Avhen the Deep, 
 
 Through all her swelling Avaves, shall proudly joy 
 
 Beneath the ))oundless empire of thy sons. 
 
 Alfred the King speaks : 
 
 In thoughtless, gay prosperity, when all 
 Attends our wish ; when nought is seen around us 
 But kneeling flattery, and obedient fortune ; 
 Then are blind mortals apt, within themselves 
 To fix their stay, forgetful of the giver. 
 But when thushumliled, Alfred, as thou art, 
 When to their feelde natural poAvers reduc'd, 
 'Tis then they feel this universal truth — 
 That heaven is all — and man is nothing. 
 
 The 1745 hook doubtless owed its rearrangement 
 and some of its lyrics to Mallet ; it provides twenty 
 sets of Avords which require music, hut if these 
 were set hy Arne, eight can no longer be traced. 
 In 1754 a new version of the libretto was published 
 with the title : Alfred the Great, an Oratorio, As 
 it was Represented at the Theatre-Royal in Drury- 
 Lane. The Musick was composed by Mr. Arne. 
 London : Printed for A. Miller, in the Strand. 
 MDCCLIV-" The advertisement, or preface, to the 
 l)ook reads : " This Oratorio is altered from Alfred, 
 
 { 128 )
 
 IICLI-:, lililTAyMA. 
 
 a ^Fasque, representtMl lu'foi'c tlicir Koyal llij^'lnit'sst'^ 
 the Prinec aiul IViiicess of Wales, at ('lit»'(len, 
 Aug-ust 1, 1740; being- the Birth-Day of tlie I'rineess 
 Au<riista, written hy tlie late Mr. Thomson and Mr. 
 Mallet, and afterwards new written by Mr. Mallet, 
 and acted at the Theatre Royal in Drnry Lane,* in 
 1751."" Thomson died in 1748; Mallet had tlu'ref(n-e 
 a free hand, a liberty of whieh he availed himself 
 very fnlly ; lines were altered, new (nies introdnced, 
 and several verses added for songs and for ehorns. 
 The nmsie for all the .songs and solo nuisic is 
 contained in the volnnie published l)y Arne, but the 
 ninsic for the choruses is not given ; proba))ly 
 it no longer exists. Amongst the additions 
 made by Mallet is a Pastoral Invocation, or song-, 
 commencing : 
 
 Xyniplis and shepherds, eome away, 
 
 and he makes the second Act end with a 
 (ri'inid Cltonts : 
 
 How sUh'P tlie Brave, who sink fo Rest, 
 By all their Country's Wishes hU'st ! 
 When Sprinjj-, with dewy Finjici-s cohl, 
 Keturns to (leek their hallow'd 3Iould, 
 She then shall dress a sweeter Sod 
 Tlian Faney's Feet have ever trod. 
 There Honour eomes, a Pilgrim g'rey. 
 To bless the Turf that wraps their clay: 
 And Freedom shall a while ri-pair, 
 To dwell a weeping- Hermit there. 
 By Hands unseen the Knell is run<>'; 
 By Fairy Forms their Dirge is sung. 
 
 "'The singers in 1751 were Mrs. Arne, Signora Galli' 
 Signora Frasi, ^liss Young, Mr. Beard, ^^fr. Baker, Signor 
 (Tuadagni. 
 
 ( VI'.) } 
 K
 
 RULE, JilUTAAWIA. 
 
 Tliese exquisite lines were written by AVillituu 
 Collins in 174G; but when Mallet annexed and printed 
 them, without acknowledg-ment, the unfortunate 
 author was in a lunatic asylum, and therefore quite 
 incapable of protecting- himself. When Mallet 
 produced his version of Alfred " for Garrick in 1751, 
 he endear oured to nuike folk believe that he wrote the 
 Avords of the Ode, Kule, Britannia." They had been 
 printed in Edinburgh in a popular song"-book, The 
 Charmer," with Thomson's initials, J. T., and by the 
 friends of the poet were generally known to be his. 
 Mallet's literary honesty or dishonesty is now 
 generally appreciated, but it must not be forgotten 
 that for years he posed as the author of the ballad 
 
 William and Margaret," and unflinchingly accepted 
 all the encomiums passed upon him in connection 
 with it. In 1880 William Chappell called attention 
 to a folio black-letter sheet in the British Museum, 
 ^^hich, with the exception of the first two lines, was 
 identical with Mallet's print. The date of the 
 publication of the Museum copy was 1711, Mallet's 
 1724, and the ballad is believed to have been popular 
 when quoted by Fletcher in the Knight of the 
 Burning" Pestle," in 1611. 
 
 The celebrity of Rule, Britannia " appears to have 
 been immediate and general. Hanoverians and 
 Jacobites adopted it as a popular ditty ; the latter 
 party produced several parodies, amongst them the 
 chorus : 
 
 Rule, Britannia, Bi-itannia rise and fight, 
 Restore >oiii' injured Monarch's right. 
 
 ( 130 )
 
 RULE, nlllTAS^^IA. 
 
 Tlu' tollowiiiir words in a cnlloction ot soxv^s called 
 The True Hoyalist " aic directed to be suii<r to the 
 tune. When Britain first, at heav'n's conini:iiiil ' : 
 
 Bi'iliiiiiiiji, I'oiisf ji< lieav'ii's c-oiinnniul ! 
 
 And crown <liy unlive Prince njj-idn : 
 
 Then I*c;h-c shall bless thy happy land. 
 
 And Plenty ponr in from the main : 
 
 Then shah tlnni be — Britannia, thou shall \n- 
 
 From home and foreip-n tyrants free. 
 
 Behold gfreat Charles! thy godlike son, 
 AVith majesty and sweetness crown'd ; 
 His worth th' adnnring- world doth own. 
 And fjime's loud trump proclaims the sound. 
 Thy captain hin>, Britannia, him declare. 
 Of kings and heroes he's the heir. 
 
 The second liope yonng Hero claims. 
 Th' extend(>d empii-e of the main ; 
 \\\s breast with lire and courage flames, 
 With Nature's bounds to lix thy reign. 
 He (Neptune-like), Britannia will defy 
 All but the thunder of the sky. 
 
 The happiest states must yield to thee. 
 When free from dire corruption's thrall. 
 Of land and sea, thou'lt Emp'ror be. 
 Britannia, unite! Britannia must prevail. 
 Her powerful h.and must guide the scale. 
 
 Then Britons, rouse ! with trumpets' sound 
 
 Proclaim this solemn, happy day I 
 
 Let ndrtli, with cheerl'ul music crown'd. 
 
 Drive sullen thoughts and cai-es aw.iy ! 
 
 Conu', Briton^, sing! Britannia, draw thy sword. 
 
 And use it for thy rightful lord. 
 
 { 131 )
 
 R VLE, BKITA iVXlA . 
 
 Another exuniple vnW suffice : 
 
 AVhen oui" g'reat Prince, Avith liis choice hand 
 Ai'i'iv'd from o'er the a/ure main, 
 Heav'n smilM with pleasure on the hind, 
 And guardian angels sing this strain : 
 Gro, hrave hero ; brave hero, Ijoldly go, 
 And wrest thy sceptre from thy foe. 
 
 A striking- proof of the g-eneral popularity of the 
 music of the Ode is the quotation made from it by 
 Handel in 1745-6, when he composed the Occasional 
 Oratorio '" to commemorate the suppression of the 
 Rebellion. The words war shall cease, welcome 
 peace " are set to music, evidently intentionally 
 taken from the song- of the day, Rule, Britannia": 
 
 war sliall cease, . . . wel - come peace 
 
 We may note here that the nnisic of the beautiful 
 recitative, Ah me, what fears oppress my throbbing- 
 heart 9"' followed by the air. Guardian angels noAv 
 descend," first printed in the 1754 Alfred" libretto, 
 is modelled on Handel's recitative, worse than 
 death," and air, Angels ever bright and fair," 
 composed in 1749 and performed in March, 1750. 
 
 No doubt Rule, Britannia" was heard in Germany 
 very soon after its first performance at Cliefden. A 
 copy of the Ode in vocal score, with harpsichord 
 accompaniment, was published in Hanover with the 
 brief-title Rule Britannia Frey Uebersetzt, Hanover, 
 (ledruckt bey J. L. Lamminger Hofbuchdrucker." 
 
 ( 132 )
 
 lie Lie, r.ltlTAXXIA. 
 
 The Geriiian words, freely tiaiislatcd fioiii the 
 Engrlish, are as follow : 
 
 Britannia, aiis des Moeres Schoos, 
 stieg aid* des Scluipfers Wink hervor. 
 Dir /ofi- liochahndend dein (xonius das Ijoos, 
 und .inhclnd saiij^' eiii Engclciior: 
 Herrsch " Britannia! der woitc Ocean 
 sey deineni Scepter uuUierthan. 
 
 There are five more verses which need not he 
 reproduced. The publication is undated, and gives 
 no nanu' of poet or ccnnposer. Suhsequently the 
 same publisher issued a more complete edition with 
 the orig-inal Eng-lish words and a German translation. 
 The title-page is ' Rule, Britannia aui Ho'chster- 
 freulichen Geburtsfeste Ihro Majestat der Kbniginn 
 Charlotte den 18. Januar 1799 auf dem Grosser 
 Kiinig-lichen Schlosstheater vom Herrn Schauspiel- 
 Director Ig-naz Walter nacli der von I. (J. F. Hrauer 
 versuchten Uebersetzung- gesungen." 
 
 Beethoven showed his appreciation of the Air of 
 
 Rule, Britannia " by using it not (»nly for a 
 pianoforte piece with variations in 1804, l»ut also 
 V>y incorporating it in the Battle Symphony. 
 ' AVellingtcms Sieg, oder Schlacht hei \'ittoria," 
 which was performed at a concert in Vienna, in 
 1813, given f<u- the henetit of the soldiers w<)uuded 
 at Hanau, and again in 1814 during the Vienna 
 Congress, conducted by the composer. 
 
 W^agner declared that the first eight notes of Rule. 
 Britannia" embodied the whole character of the 
 British people, and as a tribute to the English 
 nation he set himself the task of composing an 
 (Overture with Arue's uuisic as the motif. The 
 ( i:« )
 
 R ULE, BRIT A NNIA . 
 
 history of this interesting composition of Wagner's 
 has never heen accnrately stated. The prehminary 
 sketch of the music was made hy Wagner in 1836, 
 and is still preserved at Bayreuth. The composition 
 was completed and performed in March, 1837, at 
 Konig-sherg', and wtis again played at Riga, <jn each 
 occasion under the direction of Wagner. He sent 
 the score to the Philharmonic Society in London ; 
 hut its receipt was not acknowledged. Therefore, when 
 in 1839 he made his first visit to London, he wrote 
 to the secretary of the Society with the result 
 recorded in the Philharmonic Society's niinute-hook, 
 under date "April 19, 1840. Present, Mr. Neate, 
 in the Chair, Messrs. Potter, F. Cramer, Dance, 
 Anderson, Calkin. Letter from Wagner. Resolved 
 that the score of the Overture l)e returned, with an 
 apology for having kept it so long, and explaining 
 that written upon a theme which is here very 
 commonplace, precludes the performance of it at the 
 Philharmonic Concerts." Wagner resided in London 
 at the King's Arms " l)oarding-house. Great 
 Compton Street, Solio, only eight days, and then 
 went to Paris. Presumably his removal was not 
 known to the Philharmonic secretary, who sent the 
 letter and score to Wagner's London address ; the 
 proprietor of the hotel then forwarded it to Paris, 
 but without defraying tbe carriage. Wagner in his 
 autobiography wrote : One morning, when we had 
 been anxiously consulting as to the possibility of 
 raising our first quarter's rent, a carrier appeare<l 
 with a parcel addressed to me from London. I 
 thought it was an intervention of Providence, and 
 broke open the seal. At the same moment a receipt- 
 
 ( 134 ]
 
 Ri'LE, n/;/TA.\\y/A. 
 
 book wiis thrust into my face tor si<in;itiirL\ in wliirli 
 I at once saw that I had to pay seven francs lor 
 carriage. I recognised, moreover, that the parcel 
 contained my overture, 'Rule, Britannia,' returned to 
 nie from the London I'hilharmonic Society. In my 
 fuiy I told the bearer that I would not take in the 
 parcel, whereupon he remonstrated in the liveliest 
 fashion, as I had already opened it. It was no use; 
 I did not possess seven francs, and told him he should 
 have presented the l)ill for the carriage l»ef<>re I had 
 opened the parcel. So I made him return the <»nly 
 copy of my overture to Messrs. Lafitte & Galliard's 
 firm, to do what they liked with it, and I never 
 cared to inquire what became of that manuscript." 
 Its recovery is a mystery; the conductor of the 
 l)and of the Leicester Opera House, ]Mr. E. W. 
 Thomas, a few years since disposed of his l)elong- 
 ings, including a pile of manuscript music which 
 was purchased by ]\Ir. Cyrus (lamble, who, in 
 May, 1904, looking through the collection, dis- 
 covered the long-lost Wagner autograph, signed 
 and dated "Richard Wagner 1.") March 1837 
 Konigsberg in Prussia." Arne's orchestral score is 
 limited to strings, two oboes, two trumpets, one 
 bassoon, and kettle-drums; AVagner's score requires 
 strings, two piccolos, two tlutes, two oboes, two 
 clarinets, two bassoons, serpent, double-bassoon, four 
 horns, four trumpets, three trombones, ophieleide, 
 side-drum, triangle, grosse caisse, cymbals and 
 kettle-drums. 
 
 Passing notice is all that is necessary of the gross 
 want of reverence and good taste exhibited by the 
 Rev. Rowland Hill, of Surrey Chapel, who wrote a
 
 RULE, BRITAXSIA. 
 
 hymn for the music of " Rule, Britannia," which was 
 sung- on the 4th of December, 1803, by a crowded 
 cong-regation of YoUmteers, and printed in a collection 
 of hymns sung- at Surrey Chapel. 
 
 At the Coronation of William IV., the Sailor 
 King-, at Westminster Abbey, September 8th, 1831, 
 an anthem, Lord, g-rant the King- a long- life," 
 was sung-, having- been composed by Thomas Attwood. 
 The introductory symphony and the concluding- 
 chorus have quotations from the melody of "Rule, 
 Britannia," introduced in a very ing-enious and 
 admirable manner. 
 
 Sir Alexander iVIackenzie has also made masterly 
 use of the tune in his brilliant " Britannia " 
 Overture. 
 
 ( 136 )
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Abbey Glee Club 
 
 Abiams 
 
 Acis and Galatea 
 
 Addison 
 
 Ah me, wliat tears 
 
 Alas, the honors 
 
 Aldrich 
 
 Alexander's Feast 
 
 Alfred 
 
 Alfred, go forth 
 
 Allegro 
 
 Amelia, Princess 
 Amphitryon 
 Anderson ... 
 Angels ever bright 
 Arcadian nuptials 
 Arne— 
 
 Actor 
 
 AtCliefden 
 
 At Eton 
 
 At Stratford-on-Avon 
 
 Birth of composer 
 
 Burial 
 
 Conductor 
 
 Death 
 
 Employs ladies in Choir 
 
 Father of composer 
 
 First composition 
 
 Flautist 
 
 Grandfather of composer 
 
 Harpsichordist 
 
 His will 
 
 In Dublin 
 
 Tn P^dinburgh 
 
 Introdiues P.F. accomii. 
 Leaves wife in Dublin 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 53 
 
 ...81,91 
 
 8,23,28 
 
 .3,4,9 
 
 132 
 
 70 
 
 GG 
 
 93 
 
 15, 20, 33, 41, 46, 114, 116, 122, 124 
 
 121 
 20 
 
 "' '^_ 10 
 
 29 
 134 
 
 132 
 
 62 
 
 30 
 
 114 
 
 3,6 
 
 G7 
 
 1 
 
 101 
 
 35 
 
 96 
 
 51 
 
 1 
 «> 
 
 7 
 
 22 
 
 98 
 19 
 4(.» 
 51 
 46 
 
 ( 137 )
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Abne (continued) — page. 
 
 MaiTiap:e 21 
 
 Member Soc. of Mus. 14 
 
 Mother of composer .2,11,13,15 
 
 Mus. Doe. Oxoii. 49 
 
 Reunited to wife 94 
 
 Son Michael born 38 
 
 Violinist 8,22,125 
 
 Wife of composer 
 
 2, 11, 13, 15, 20, 22, 24, 46, 57, 72, 94, 102, 115, 125, 127 
 
 Arne, Edward 4 
 
 Arne, Michael, bro. of composer 9 
 
 Arne, Michael, Mrs 79 
 
 Arne, Michael, son of composer 38,62,77,92,97,101 
 
 Arne, Susanna, sis. of composer 9 
 
 Arnold 92,102 
 
 Artaxerxes 54, 61 
 
 Asyoulikeit 17,28 
 
 Attwood . 136 
 
 Augusta, Princess 12,112 
 
 Baddelj' 67,70 
 
 Baildon 24.27,66,127 
 
 Baker 127, 129 
 
 Banks 2 
 
 Barbarini 114 
 
 Barbatielli 29 
 
 Bai'bier . 9 
 
 Barnes . . 4 
 
 Barry 34^84 
 
 Barthelemon 50, 74 
 
 Barthelemon, Mrs 67,95,102 
 
 Barthelemon, Cecelia M 94,115 
 
 Bartholomew fair 113 
 
 Battle Sj-niphony 133 
 
 Bayly 47 
 
 Beard 13,15,17,49,55,58,61.121,129 
 
 Beethoven 133 
 
 Beggar's Opera 29,49,61 
 
 Beviamo tutti tre 66 
 
 Bickerstafe 49,58,81 
 
 Billingtou .. ... ... .. ... . 57 
 
 Blow, thou Avinter wind ... ... 17 
 
 Bradford 73 
 
 Braham ... .. .. .. 57 
 
 Breathe the pipe 52 
 
 Brent 41,43,45,49,55,60,85 
 
 ( 138 )
 
 IXhKX. 
 
 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Brickler 
 
 51 
 
 Britauuia, rouse, at heaven's commaud 
 
 131 
 
 Brown 
 
 57,67 
 
 Busby 
 
 92 
 
 Butler 
 
 45 
 
 By dimpled brook 
 
 i:? 
 
 Calkin 
 
 134 
 
 Capricious lovers 
 
 81 
 
 Caractacus 
 
 91 
 
 Catches and Glees 
 
 64, 76 
 
 Cathedrals, Dublin 
 
 23 
 
 Catley 
 
 <;i 
 
 Cervetto 
 
 15 
 
 Chambers 
 
 9 
 
 Chamijness 
 
 07, 80 
 
 Chappell 
 
 130 
 
 Charles 
 
 25 
 
 Cliateauneuf 
 
 30 
 
 Chi scherza coUe rose 
 
 20 
 
 Churchill 
 
 54 
 
 Cibber 
 
 .. 10,13.19,35,58,79,84 
 
 Cliet'den 
 
 Ill 
 
 Clive 
 
 .. 13,16,37,81.116,118 
 
 Colgan 
 
 23, 27, 125 
 
 Colin and Phoebe 
 
 37 
 
 Collins 
 
 129 
 
 Colmau 
 
 73 
 
 Come, follow mc 
 
 70 
 
 Come, if you dare 
 
 68.80 
 
 Come, shepherds, we'll follow 
 
 63, 102 
 
 Comus 
 
 12. 19, 24, 28, 33, 40, 44, 61 
 
 Comus's Court 
 
 14 
 
 Concertos ... 
 
 92 
 
 Cougrfeve 
 
 15,114,124 
 
 Connel 
 
 .. 127 
 
 Corfe 
 
 9 
 
 Cornelys 
 
 52 
 
 Coronation Anthem 
 
 23 
 
 Corry 
 
 43 
 
 Country girl at court 
 
 82 
 
 Covent Garden Theatre riot 
 
 61 
 
 Cramer 
 
 i:u 
 
 Crown and Anchor 
 
 .53 
 
 Cumberland, Duke of 
 
 10 
 
 Cymbeline ... 
 
 19 
 
 ( 139 )
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Dalton 
 
 Dance 
 
 Daphne and Amintor 
 
 Davis 
 
 Death of Abel 
 
 Death of Nelson ... 
 
 Delany 
 
 Delicse Musicae ... 
 
 Dibdin 
 
 Dido and ^neas . . . 
 
 Dirge 
 
 Dodsley 
 
 Dragon of VVantley 
 
 Drury Lane Theatre 
 
 Dry den 
 
 Dubourg 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 12 
 ... 134 
 
 81 
 
 ... 24,27 
 
 28, 31, 92 
 
 65 
 ... 12,47 
 
 66 
 ... 51, 77 
 
 10 
 
 71 
 
 39 
 22, 30, 40 
 10, 35, 61 
 
 68 
 ... 23,27 
 
 Edwards 
 Elfrida 
 Eliza 
 Esther 
 Eton College 
 
 16 
 
 79 
 
 41,49 
 
 20,38 
 
 3,6 
 
 Fairest Isle 
 Fairies 
 
 Faramond 
 
 Fariuelli 
 
 Father of Mercies 
 
 Fawcett 
 
 Fergusson 
 
 Festiug 
 
 Fielding 
 
 Fishamble Street room 
 
 Fisher 
 
 Fitzpatrick 
 
 Fleet prison 
 
 Foote 
 
 Forest 
 
 Foster 
 
 Fox 
 
 Frasi 
 
 Frederick, Prince of Wales 
 From the eternal regions 
 From yonder bower 
 Frost scene 
 
 70 
 
 40 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 52 
 
 52, 60, 73 
 
 51 
 
 ... 7, 14 
 
 ... 9, 76 
 
 69 
 
 76 
 
 62 
 
 4 
 
 81 
 
 74 
 
 13 
 
 77 
 
 121, 129 
 
 111, 116 
 
 ... 118 
 
 33 
 
 70 
 
 ( 140 )
 
 IShKX. 
 
 Giiiiisl)oronfrli 
 
 GalH 
 
 Gamble 
 
 Garrick 
 
 Gaiiick. (i. 
 
 Gay 
 
 Gemiuiaiii 
 
 Gentle swaiii 
 
 Gentleman's Maj?. 
 
 (iiardini 
 
 Gifford 
 
 Glorious voice 
 
 God save the Kinpr 
 
 Gordon 
 
 Green 
 
 Grenville 
 
 Groombridjj-e 
 
 (luadagiii 
 
 Guardian angels 
 
 Guardian outwitted 
 
 Hail, immortal Baeehns 
 
 Hallam 
 
 Hamilton 
 
 Handel 
 
 Hark I the l)onny 
 
 Hark ! what notes enchant 
 
 Harlequin sorcerer 
 
 Hasse 
 
 Haste to the gardens 
 
 Haymarket Theatre 
 
 He was despised ... 
 Hear, Alfred 
 Hear, angels 
 
 Henry IV 
 
 Here, sons of Jacob 
 
 Hill ... 
 
 Hither turn thee 
 
 Horslej- 
 
 Horton 
 
 How blest are the shepherds ... 
 How cheerful along the gay mead 
 How gentle was my Damon's air 
 
 How hai)py the lover 
 
 How sleej) tlie l)rave 
 
 Hugsrins 
 
 12. 1-3, 21.35. 58, 61. (w. 77.82. 
 44. 
 
 8, 12, li», 23. 27. 31, 38, 127 
 
 13, 
 
 114 
 
 ll".! 
 
 i:}5 
 
 12G 
 88 
 
 112 
 27 
 \h 
 
 1-23 
 G6 
 80 
 17 
 36 
 35 
 14 
 
 ;. 77 
 
 92 
 129 
 132 
 
 62 
 
 52 
 62 
 77 
 
 132 
 66 
 43 
 39 
 20 
 52 
 
 . 11 
 12 
 
 117 
 52 
 30 
 53 
 
 135 
 17 
 
 124 
 
 116 
 70 
 32 
 13 
 70 
 
 12!> 
 1 
 
 ( 141 )
 
 IXIjEX. 
 
 Hymen 
 
 Hymn of Eve 
 
 I call you all to Woden-hall . . . 
 If those, who live in Shepherd's 
 In thoughtless gay prosperity 
 lanthe and Ipliis ... 
 Indian Kings 
 
 Jack, thon'rt a toper 
 
 Jameson 
 
 Jewell . . 
 
 Johnson 
 
 Jones 
 
 Joseph 
 
 Judgment of Paris 
 
 Judith 
 
 King Arthur 
 
 Kirkman ... 
 
 Kitty 
 
 Knight of the Burning Pestle 
 
 Knowles 
 
 Lacy 
 
 Ladies' hoops 
 Lafitte and Galliard 
 
 Lampe 
 
 Lampe, Mrs. 
 
 Lascia cadermi 
 
 Lass with the delicate air 
 
 Layfield 
 
 Legge 
 
 Let not a moonbeam 
 
 Leveridge 
 
 Lincoln's Inn Fields theatre 
 
 Little gipsy 
 
 Live to us, to empire 
 
 Lock hospital 
 
 Love in a village 
 
 Love rapture 
 
 Lowe 
 
 3Iackenzie 
 
 Madrigal Society 
 Mallet 
 Mansfield ... 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 20 
 
 6S 
 119 
 128 
 
 39 
 3 
 
 (3(5 
 
 81 
 
 77,81 
 
 13,56,82 
 
 9 
 
 127 
 
 15, 114, 122, 124 
 50, 62, 68, 76 
 
 68, 79 
 
 5 
 
 45 
 
 130 
 
 45 
 
 (30 
 24 
 135 
 40 
 38 
 20 
 39 
 27. 30 
 39 
 (39 
 9 
 9 
 S2-91 
 56 
 50 
 58 
 (37 
 17, 27, 30, 33, 39, 120, 125, 127 
 
 136 
 
 111. 128 
 
 62 
 
 142 )
 
 INJJEX. 
 
 ManziKili 
 
 Mara 
 
 Mason 
 
 Mattocks 
 
 3Iawhoo(l 
 
 May-day 
 
 Mcrcliant of Vciiici' 
 Mctastasio 
 
 Millar 
 
 Mills 
 
 Milton 
 
 Mihvar.l 
 
 Miss in her "teens 
 Miss Lucy in town 
 
 Mountain 
 
 Much Ado about Nothing 
 
 Neal 
 
 Neal, Master 
 
 Neate 
 
 Neil 
 
 NiKhtiiiKalo 
 
 No more the heathen 
 Noblemen s Catch Club 
 
 Non chiamarmi 
 
 Norris 
 
 Novello 
 
 Now Plicebus siuketh . . 
 
 () beauteous Queen 
 
 () fairest 
 
 () Lord, grant the King 
 
 O peace 
 
 O peace, descend ... 
 O ravishing delight 
 
 O sight 
 
 O too lovely 
 
 Oer Williams tomb 
 
 Olimpiade ... 
 
 On Cliloe sleeping 
 
 Orphan, The 
 
 Orpheus and Euridice ... 
 Otway 
 
 Pasquali 
 Pasqtuilino 
 
 
 
 }'A 
 
 «iE. 
 
 
 tUJ 
 
 
 .■)7 
 
 
 91 
 
 ti 
 
 ,55 
 
 02, G4, 7n. IH!. 
 
 102 
 
 
 83 
 
 
 :« 
 
 oA 
 
 , 63 
 
 IK). 
 
 127 
 
 13, 
 
 110 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 
 13. 114, 
 
 IIG 
 37 
 
 
 - 
 
 2-29 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 i8 
 
 
 
 .. 23 
 
 25 
 
 134 
 
 42 
 
 
 
 m 
 
 
 
 h-i 
 
 
 
 (53 
 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 .. 58-65 
 
 
 
 
 71 
 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 
 136 
 
 
 
 2'». 
 
 116 
 70 
 15 
 70 
 55 
 65 
 63 
 66 
 
 
 IHI 
 
 111. 
 
 124 
 
 
 K'l 
 
 
 n 
 
 
 
 
 iL'.'i 
 
 ( 143 )
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Paxton 96,100 
 
 Pembertou . . ... .. . 64-71 
 
 Pennyworth of wit 87 
 
 Pepnscli 49 
 
 Pel' le porte ... ... ... 20 
 
 Perseus and Andromeda 62 
 
 Pesetti 56 
 
 Philharmonic Society ... ... . . 134 
 
 Philharmonic Society, Dublin ... ... . 32 
 
 Phillips 12,57,77 
 
 Pianoforte ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 51 
 
 Pilkington 27 
 
 Pincushion ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 44 
 
 Poculum elevatum . ... ... 63 
 
 Potter 134 
 
 Prepare the genial bowers 52 
 
 Prince of Wales ... ... 12 
 
 Prior 45 
 
 Prithee, friend ... ... ... 66 
 
 Punch, the medium .. ... ... 67 
 
 Purcell 33,65,68 
 
 Pre 44 
 
 Quin 13,19,114 
 
 Rafter 80 
 
 Ranelagh .. 64 
 
 Redburu 41 
 
 Rehearsal . .. ... ... ... 32 
 
 Rennett ... ... 73 
 
 Requiem ... ... 72 
 
 Rich 39,90,112 
 
 Rival Queens 28 
 
 Rosamond 9,20,43 
 
 Rose 57 
 
 Rosengrave ... ... ... ... ... ... 23 
 
 Royal license ... .. . 18 
 
 Royal Society of Musicians 14 
 
 Rule, Britannia 15, 115, 119 
 
 Rule. Britannia, in Germany ... -. 132 
 
 RuU^ Britannia, rise and fight 130 
 
 Sadler 42 
 
 Saint George the patron ... ... 70 
 
 Salway 116 
 
 ( 144 )
 
 IXDE \. 
 
 Sardinian (']ia))rl 
 
 Saul 
 
 Scott 
 
 Sereuata 
 
 Sliakt'spoarc jubilee 
 
 ShcnstoiH' 
 
 Sloper 
 
 Smitli 
 
 Soldier and his frieud ... 
 
 Soldier tired 
 
 Solomon 
 
 Sosarmes 
 
 Spandau 
 
 Spencer 
 
 Squire Badfi^er 
 
 Stephens 
 
 Stevens 
 
 Storer 
 
 Street intrigue 
 
 Swan 
 
 Sweet bird 
 
 Sweet echo 
 
 Sweet valley 
 
 Sybilla 
 
 Tempest 
 
 Tenducci 
 
 Theodosius 
 
 Thomas 
 
 Thomas and Sally 
 
 Thompson ... 
 
 Thomson 
 
 Thou soft flowing Avon 
 
 Thursfield 
 
 Thus I infuse 
 
 ■ Tis sweet the blushing 
 
 To virtue with rapture . . 
 
 Tom Thumb 
 
 Tousou 
 
 Tragedy of tragedies 
 
 Twelfth night 
 
 Two daughters 
 Tyers 
 
 Uu guardo solo 
 
 Under the greenwood tree 
 
 Ml' 
 1:* 
 i'i7 
 :V.i 
 
 10 
 
 23. 
 
 
 
 3S 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 .5(1 
 
 
 
 « 
 
 
 
 70 
 
 
 
 57 
 
 
 
 51) 
 
 25 
 
 .27 
 
 i: 
 
 . 48 
 (J(j 
 •24- 
 20 
 
 , 24 
 
 'i. 
 
 'li . 
 
 117 
 127 
 
 
 . 37 
 
 . U 
 
 52 
 
 , 55 
 
 . 57 
 33 
 
 
 55. 
 
 135 
 49 
 
 
 ( 7. 
 
 130 
 
 112 
 (17 
 1 
 70 
 70 
 70 
 
 ;) 
 
 •)•) 
 
 . 2(j 
 50 
 9 
 28 
 70 
 71 
 
 20 
 17 
 
 { 145 )
 
 IXDKX. 
 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Vado e vido 
 
 20 
 
 Vauxhall gardcus 
 
 37 
 
 Vernou ... 
 
 59-67 
 
 Vei-non, Mrs 
 
 ... 49-55 
 
 Waguer 
 
 133 
 
 Wake, mj- Iiaip . 
 
 52 
 
 Walsh 
 
 .. 39,51,121 
 
 Wari-cll 
 
 5G 
 
 Water ijartod from the sea 
 
 66 
 
 VVaylett 
 
 12 
 
 We must work 
 
 70 
 
 Weelkes 
 
 66 
 
 Weideman 
 
 14 
 
 Welch (Walsh) 
 
 46,125 
 
 Weller 
 
 67,73,80,84,87,89 
 
 Westminster Abbej- 
 
 12 
 
 Wheeler 
 
 1 
 
 When Britain first 
 
 119,124 
 
 When daisies pied 
 
 17 
 
 When gay Bacchus 
 
 m 
 
 When Israel wept 
 
 52 
 
 When our great Prince ... 
 
 132 
 
 Where the bee sucks 
 
 37,117 
 
 Which is the properest day to drink ? 
 
 67 
 
 Wliittington's feast 
 
 93 
 
 William (King) 
 
 136 
 
 William and Margaret ... 
 
 130 
 
 Who can Jehovah's wrath 
 
 52 
 
 With heroes and sages ... 
 
 52 
 
 Woodman 
 
 57 
 
 Worsdale 
 
 30 
 
 Wright 
 
 79,101 
 
 Wrighten, Mrs 
 
 ... 7U 
 
 Young, Cecilia 
 
 2,9,11 
 
 Young, Charles . . 
 
 11,41 
 
 Young, Miss 
 
 41,43 
 
 Young, E 
 
 44 
 
 Young. Polly 
 
 41,43,46,48,74,127 
 
 ( 146 )
 
 COMPOSITIONS BY DR. ARXE. 
 
 SONGS. 
 
 Twcntj- Songs ... 
 Gentle Swain ... 
 Guardian Anf,'els 
 () ravishing; (lelif,'lit 
 "Wlii'ii icicles ... 
 
 PART-SONGS. 
 
 Blow, blow thou wintry wind (Unison Song) 
 Come away, death (s. A. T.B.) 
 Rule. Britannia (s.a.t.b.) 
 
 ^O. (T.T.B.B.) 
 
 Do. (Solo with «(/ h7). Chorus) 
 
 Where the bee sucks (s.a.t.b.) ... 
 Do. (S.S.T.B.) ... 
 
 Do. (Two-part) 
 
 Which is the properest day to sing (s.a.t.b.) 
 
 Do. (S.S.A.) 
 
 It oer the cruel tyrant, love ... ... ... folio 
 
 The Curfew (Round for four voices) 
 I'nder the greenwood tree (Unison Song) 
 
 VIOLIN. 
 
 Trio— Sonata in E minor 
 
 
 d. 
 
 
 (J 
 
 
 
 
 
 c. 
 
 
 r. 
 
 
 i; 
 
 (» 
 
 U 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 U' 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 « 
 
 U 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 II 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 ■) 
 
 II 
 
 1:1; 
 
 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 1.^ 
 
 
 
 li 
 
 3 (I 
 
 ORGAN. 
 
 By the rushy-fringed bank— Air from '• Comus " 
 
 March, " Judith " 
 
 Largo— Overture to "Artaxerxes" ... ... ... i 
 
 1 II 
 
 1 II 
 
 
 
 London: NOVELLO AND COMPANY, Limiteu.
 
 LONDON : 
 
 NeVELLO AND COMPANY, LIMITED, 
 
 PRINTERS.
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 
 Los Angeles 
 This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. 
 
 DEC 2 6 'lie 
 JAN 1 2 '58 
 
 Form L9-100m-9,'52(A3105)444
 
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 A7iiC9 
 
 UCLA ■ Music Library 
 
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