EfBH ^m^^^^^ajjB l^aH ■IK^H ^^B^^^S^^^I ^HCi p«l :=^ ']\V'^(]-\^ Z^ AONAN^ ■^^130NV-S0V^' ^ILIBKAHYQ^ m ^ -^c^OJ ^?V, ■'AiUcx I ■,'\\r\ \C\^ ^OF-CALIF0% ^;OFCALIFO/?^ ^<:?AavHHn#' ^'^omim'\ >^- ^ ^WtlMVtiKVA s^LU5y\,NL[:UJy^ ^Vv W-. ^: ^(J/04iWT.-in>^ ^niinfvv-^m"^ "^/VMiMvn u\\^ %;;/ '^^^ i<; iVHHIH^ \WEUNiVER% v^lOSANGFi^j: '^71]3.N\/-S01^'^ %y^^ '\iN'l]\^V UWi vinS-ANbLLCJ/. ^^l•LIBRr.,u ;y/, -^(yOiMWl -lO"^ ^^ .<^ ^OFlALIF0/?4^ ^^OF-CA[IF0%. THE HOMCEOPATHIC DOMESTIC PHYSICIAN. BY COXSTANTINE .HERING, M. D. THE ONLY AUTHORIZED ENGLISH EDITION, BY THE AUTHOR HIMSELF THOROUGHLY REVISED AjS'D REFORMED FROM THE latest (ierman Sbition. NEW YORK : BOERICKE & TAFEL, l^o. 145 GRAITD STREET. PHILADELPHIA : F. E. BOERICKE, i^o. 635 ARCH STREET. 1872. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 185. by CONSTANTINE BERING, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States, iu and for tbo Eastern District of Pennsylvania. OAXTON PEBB8 OF SHEBMAK * CO.. PHILADELPHIA. liiotnedkaj Libraiy TO HONORARY MEMBER OF THE AMERICAN PKOVERS' UNION, AND OF VARIOUS OTHER MEDICAL SOCIETIES; PRACTISING PHYSICIAN IN BALTIMORE, MD ONE OP THE FEW SURVIVING PERSONAL DISCIPLES OF SAMUEL HAHNEMANN ONE OF THE FIRST PR0VER3 OF OUR MATERIA MEDICA, AND A MEMBER OF OUR MASTER S HOUSEHOLD FOR NEARLY A SCORE OF YEARS, DEDICATED 2i3 q Jokeii of ^iiKsU isfeeh), , By his Friend, CONSTANTINE HEUING. CONTENTS. PA«K. Preface xv Introduction xix Directions for Prescribing xx Aflministration of the Medicines and Repetition of Doses xxii Regimen of the Sick during Homoeopathic Treatment xxiy Instructions for Patients how to communicate their cases to a Physician by letter xxix List of Medicines zxxvi PART FIRST. OF THE MOST COMMON CAUSES OF DISEASE. Chapter I. — Affections of the Mind. Sudden Emotions 1 Grief and Sorrow 4 Vexation 6 Anger 7 Sensitiveness and Irritability 8 Chapter II. — Consequences of Colds. Remarks 9 Catarrh 10 Cough 11 Difficulty of Breathing 11 Diarrhoea 12 Pain in the Bowels 12 (V) VJ CONTENTS. Headache 13 A.ffections of the Eyes 14 A.ffcctions of the Ears 14 Toothache 14 Sore Throat 14 Nausea and Vomiting 15 Rheumatic Pains 15 Chapter III. — Consequences of Overheating, immoderate Exertion and great Exhaustion. Overheating 17 Sun-strokes 18 Headache 19 Diarrhoea 19 ' Fatigne 20 Sitting up at Night 22 Confinement and much mental application 23 Excesses 23 Loss of Fluids 24 Chapter IV. — Consequences of Surfeiting and disordered Stomach. Remarks 25 Overfeeding of Children 27 Headache 27 Vomiting 2S Flatulency 29 Colic 29 Diarrhoea 29 Sleeplessness 29 Nightmare 29 Fever 29 Rash : 29 Indisposition from Ice or Cold Water 30 Chapter V. — Consequences of spirituous Liquors, Coffee, Tea, Tobacco, Acids, &c. Intoxication 32 Effects of Intoxication 35 Delirium Tremens 36 Bad effects of Coffee 37 Effects of Tea Drinking 38 Effects of smoking Tobacco 39 Injurious effects of sour Food 39 CONTE^^TS. VI2 Chapter VI. — Effects of the Medicines hitherto in general use, and Reme- dies to counteract these effects. Remarks 39 Effects of Herb Teas., 40 " Opium or Laudanum 40 " Peruvian Bark or Quinine 40 " other Drugs 41 " Magnesia 41 " Sulphur and Iodine. 42 " Mercury 42 " Lead 44 " Arsenic 44 " Iron 44 Chapter "VII. — Adulterations and Poisons. Remarks ., 45 Adulteration of Wine 45 " Vinegar 47 " Malt Liquors 47 " Brandy • 47 " Sweet Oil 47 « Milk 47 " Butter 48 « Flour 48 " Bread 48 Poisons in the Air 48 Poisons in the Water 49 Milk 49 Meat 50 Vegetables and Fruits 50 Mushrooms 51 Kitchen Salt 51 Kitchen Utensils 51 Paints 52 Cosmetics and Washes 53 Panaceas and Vermifuges 53 Chapter VIII. — Of Poisoning. What is to be done in cases of Poisoning 55 Treatment when the Poison is ascertained 60 Poisonous Gases, Antidotes and Treatment 60 Poisoning by mineral and other strong Acids ; Antidoltes and Treatment 64 VIII CONTENTS. Alkaline Poisons, Antidotes and Treatment 64 Other Substances which have a powerful effect, Antidotes and Treatment 65 Metallic Substances, their Antidotes and Treatment 66 Vegetable Poisons, their Antidotes and Treatment 68 Animal Poisons, their Antidotes and Treatment 69 Poison generated by Disease of any kind 71 Poisoned Wounds 72 Table of Antidotes to the most powerful Poisons 76 Chapter IX. — External Injuries. — Concussion, Bruises, Sprains, Dislo- cations, Fractures, c&c. Concussion of the Brain 77 Overlifting , TS False Steps 78 Bruises (Contused Wounds) 79 Bruises of the Eyes 79 Shocks and Bruises of the Head 79 Sprains 80 Dislocations, Luxations 80 Fractures 81 Wounds 81 Burns and Scalds 87 Chapter X. — Foreign Substances introduced into tlie Human Body. Into the Eye 90 Ear 91 Nose 91 " Throat ((Esophagus) 91 " Larynx or Windpipe 93 " Stomach and Intestines 95^ " Skin 96 CONTENTS. IX PART SECOND. TREATMENT OF DISEASES. ChiVPTkr I. — Affections of the Head. Giddiness, Vertigo 97 Weakness of Memory 98 Determination of Blood to the Head 99 Headache ..." 100 " from Determination of Blood to the Head 100 " " Causes which lie in the Blood lOL " caused by Catarrh 101 " from Rheumatism 102 " " Disordered Stomach and Bowels 103 " " Constipation 103 Sick Headache 104 Nervous Headache 106 Headache caused by Suppression of Rheumatism, Gout, &c 110 Losing the Hair Ill Chapter II. — Diseases of the Ei/es. General Remarks 112 Inflammation and swelling of the Eyelid 112 Stye on the Eyelid.,, 114 Inflammation of the Eyes 114 Rheumatic Ophthalmia 116 Gout affecting the Eyes 117 Eyes affected by Scrofula 118 Weakness of Sight, with Remarks on the Use of Spectacles 121 Short-Sightedness 1 23 Far-Sightedness 123 Attacks of Blindness , 123 Dread of Light 124 Squinting of Children 124 Chapter III. — Affections of the Ears. Eruptions 125 Mumps 125 Inflammation of the Ear 126 Earache 126 Running of the Ears 128 Buzzing in the Ears 130 Hardness of Hearing 131 i CONTENTS Chapter IY. — Affedions of the Nose. Pains and Eriiplions 133 Swelling of the Nose 133 Bleeding of the Nose 1 34 Polypus of the Nose 135 Ozoena 136 Catarrh or Cold in the Head 136 Chapter V. — Ajfedions of the Chest. Hoarseness 138 Cough 140 Hooping Cough 148 Croup 152 Congestion of the Chest 155 Hemorrhage from the Lungs ; Spitting of Blood 156 Chronic Inflammation of the Larynx 160 Bronchitis, including Catarrh on the Breast of Children 161 Palpitation of the Heart ] 64 Asthma 166 Pleurisy, Inflammation of the Lungs and Stitch in the Side 170 False Pleurisy, Stitch in the Side 170 Inflammation of the Lungs 172 Consumption of the Lungs 176 Contusion or Concussion of the Chest 176 Chapter YI. — Affedions oftlie Throat. Sore Throat or Quinsy 177 Chapter YII. — Affedions of the Teeth and the Face. Toothache 182 Swelled Face 202 Faceache, Neuralgia, Tic Douloureux 203 Chapter YIII. — Affedions of the Mouth. Bad Taste in the Mouth 205 Offensive Breath 206 Scurvy in the Mouth, Canker of the Mouth 207 Aflections of the Tongue 208 Chapter IX; — Affedions of the Stomach. Want of Appetite 209 Weakness of the Stomach, Dyspepsia, Indigestion 210 Mucous state of the Stomach 213 CONTENTS. XI Heartbarn, "Water-brash 214 Nausea and Vomiting 215 Sea-Sickness 216 Pains or Spasms in the Stomach 217 Tomiting of Blood 221 Chapter X. — Affections of the Abdomen. Colic 221 Flatulencj 226 Inflammation of the Stomach and Intestines 227 Determination of Blood to the Abdomen 230 Worms 231 Itching of the Anus 233 Prolapsus Ani, Prolapsus of the Rectum 234 Hemorrhoids, or Piles 235 Diarrhoea 239 Dysentery 244 Common Cholera, Cholera Morbus 247 Asiatic (or Epidemic) Cholera 248 Cholerine 249 Constipation 251 Inflammation of the Liver ; Pains in the Liver 254 Jaundice '. 255 Difficulty and Pain in making "Water 2o5 Hernia ; Rupture 257 Chapter XL — Diseases of Women. Menstruation (the Monthly Illness) 259 Tardy Menstruation 260 Suppression of the Menses 262 Too Copious Menstruation 263 Painful Menstruation, Menstrual Colic 264 Chlorosis, Green Sickness 266 Cessation of the Menses 267 Leucorrhoea, "Whites 268 Remarks on Pregnancy 269 Derangements during Pregnancy 270 Menstruation 270 Vertigo and Headache 270 Morning Sickness 272 Constipation 273 Diarrhoea 273 Xn CONTENTS. Derangements daring PVegnancy. Pruritus 274 Fainting and Hysteric Fits 274 Toothache 275 Varicose Veins 275 Hemorrhoids or Piles 276 Pains in the Back and Side during Pregnancy 276 Craraps 276 Incontinence of Urine 277 Depression of Spirits 277 Miscarriage, Abortion 277 Menorrhagia or Flooding 280 Preparation of the Breasts 282 False Pains 282 Labor, Child-Birth 283 Protracted Labor , .-...--.- ...284 Spasmodic Pains, Cramps and Convulsions 285 Treatment after Delivery 286 Flooding after Delivery 286 After-Pains 287 Duration of Confinement 288 Irregularities of the Lochial Discharge 288 Milk Fever. .- 289 Suppressed Secretion of Milk 290 Excessive Secretion of Milk 291 Involuntary Emission of Milk 291 Diarrhoea during confinement 291 Constipation 292 Eetention of Urine 292 Sore Nipples 292 Gathered Breasts 292 Weakness from Nursing 293 Falling off of the Hair 293 Chapter XII. — Treatment of Infants. Reception at Birth 294 Apparent Death 294 Washing the Child 295 Dressing the Navel 295 The Meconium 295 Swelling and Elongation of the Head 296 Putting the Child to the Breast 296 Inflammation of the Eyes 296 CONTENTS. XIII Obstruction of the Nose, "Sniffles" 297 Sore Moath, Thrush 297 Sore Throat 298 Jaundice 298 Excoriation 299 The Gum 299 Eetention of Urine 299 Constipation 299 Diarrhcea 300 Colic 301 Swelling of the Breasts 301 Crying of Infants 302 Restlessness and Wakefulness 302 Hiccough 303 Scurf on the Head 303 Milk-scab, Milk-crust 303 Scald Head, Eingworra of the Scalp 304 Spasms or Convulsions 305 Dentition, Teething 307 Summer Complaint, Cholera Infantum 309 Rupture of the Navel, Umbilical Hernia 312 Heat Spots, "Prickly Heat" 312 Whites or Leucorrhoea of Children 313 Weaning 313 Limping, Lameness 313 Stuttering 314 Squinting 314 Wetting the Bed 314 Vaccination ■ 317 Chapter XIII. — Diseases of the Skin. Rash 321 Nettle Rash, Urticaria 322 Measles 323 Scarlet Fever, Scarlatina 325 Scarlet Rash 327 Chicken-Pox 327 Small-Pox 328 Yarioloid 328 Erysipelas, St. Anthony's Fire, Rose 328 Itching of the Skin 330 Itch, Scabies 330 Boil, Furunculus 331 XIV CONTENTS. Carbuncle, Malignant Furunculus 332 Chilblain, Frost-bite 332 Whitlow, Felon 333 Ulcer 334 Abscess 335 Corns 335 Sore Feet 336 Warts 336 Bed Sores 336 Chapter XIV. — Some General Diseases. Gout 336 Rheumatism with Fever 337 Eheumatism without Fever 339 Lumbago, Pains in the Loius and Back 339 Sciatica 340 Crick in the Neck 340 Cramp in the Limbs 340 Epilepsy, Epileptic Convulsions 341 Night-Mare 341 Sleeplessness 342 Dropsy ^ 343 Ague, Chills and Fever, Fever and Ague 343 Congestive or Pernicious Fever, Remittent or Bilious Fever 354 Yellow Fever 354 Fainting, Swooning 360 Apparent Death 361 " " from Hunger 362 .« " " a Fall 362 " " " Suffocation by Hanging, Pressure, Choking.. 363 " " " Drowning 364 « " " being Frozen 364 «« " " Lightning 365 M u (( Mental Emotion, Bad Gases, and other Causes 366 " " " Apoplexy 366 Tabular Index of the Remedies used, their English Names, and Diseases in which employed 367 P REFAC E. Since the last edition of this work in the English language, (pub- lished in 1851,) had been sold, about four years ago, the Author had refused to allow another one to be made, either by the former pub- lishers or others, and declined a great many offers made to him by those who wished to publish a new edition. The Author found his book, instead of being improved with every new edition, according to his German original work, had by others, trusted with the revision, been altered in direct opposition to his own views ; it had been, as he calls it, more and more spoiled, particularly by the absurd introduction of a poor pathology and the most miserable "diagnosis;" and last of all by a deceptive advice in regard to the "doses." Since the first edition of this book was published, twenty years ago, a host of bookmakers had contrived and published a variety of so-called " domestic books," mostly made after and out of this book as the first. The publishers, one pushing the other in the market, had looked more to their own interest in the sale than to the interest of the cause, and proposed still more of such " improvements," called by the Author " deceptions," while the Author felt more and more disinclined to enter into such disreputable competition. A popular work has to accommodate itself to the position of the people, but ought never submit to popular prejudices or popular errors, and if a medical work, it should not become an advice how to bungle, and at least not sanction such continual blunders. But nothing else is promoted by all such works, if they contain high sounding names of diseases, with a diagnosis and such like, and this is particularly the case in homoeopathy. True homoeopathy ought never to be guided by the name of a disease. And as we may see every day, that even physicians themselves are by far oftener by such names misled than (XV) XVI PREFACE. aided in the selection of the right medicine, how then, can persons, not physicians, and for whom these books are intended, ever learn from a few lines in a book how to distinguish one form of a disease from another, and how to make a true diagnosis ? It is a complete absurdity even to attempt it. Thus it has been done, and is still done, only for the sake of a more learned appearance. To write in technical terms, is a very cheap way of boasting. But as all men of "omraon sense never trust a doctor whose mouth abounds with tech- nicalities, so they will throw aside a book which pretends to be a clear advice for everybody, and in which there is not a page but swarms with technical terms. But the worst of all in such homoeopathic books, is the addition of the doses of the medicine. It has been said " on both sides of the Atlantic, many have felt it to be a very serious defect in the former editions of this domestic guide," that no directions had been given with regard to the strength of the doses, and particularly the repeti- tion of the same medicine. The only advice which can be given at all, had been given in the introduction to the book, but they wanted such a direction in every chapter with regard to the different diseases or different medicines. But all such directions in particular, are nothing but wilful deceptions of the people. There is not the slightest doubt among physicians, however great the difference may be in their general views regarding the doses, that the strength and repetition depend altogether and ex- clusively on the peculiarity of the single case, and not at all on the name of the disease or the drug. How is it possible, that in nearly all such books for family use, a conspicuous part of every chapter is formed by directions, because they are very much liked by the ignorant, whether the medicines are to be taken dry or in water, how often and in how many hours they are to be repeated, &c., if all this depends, never on the disease or the name given to it, but on the character of the case ? A physician has to take into consideration the age of the patient, his constitution, his general disposition, his peculiarities, &c. The homceopathists themselves differ greatly in their views; some cannot get the doses strong enougli, some prefer different medium preparations, and some give higher and the highest potencies ; all these things are still open questions with them ; they differ also with PEEFACE. XVII regard to the rule for the repetitions. But they all do agree that it ought to depend in every single case of a patient, on the nature of the ca e, and not on a name. Hence, all directions given must be general, and can only, in a few instances, be given more in particular. In a domestic work, a selection has to be made of the more common and more frequently used drugs ; the family boxes contain less than one-tenth of the drugs used by homoeopathic physicians. The phy- sician should have at his command, a long series of triturations, dilu- tions and potencies of each of the drugs. For the family box, a selection has also to be made from the most useful gradations of these preparations. Thus, general rules only can be given, and they have to be studied in the introduction, and followed in each case. Every one who " feels this as a very serious defect," has to take another book. The Author of this has never been governed by the rule : " As the world wants to be deceived, it ought to be deceived." His intention was to aid the cause, and this alone has induced him to allow his book again to enter into the arena. CONSTANTINE HERING. Philadelphia, January Isf, 1858. INTRODUCTION. This book is to be a guide, by the aid of which, in many cases of disease, a cure may be effected with homoeopathic medicines. Those whom experience has convinced of the advantages of the system of Hahnemann, will soon learn how to make use of it ; and those who have had no opportunity of testing the merits of homoeopathy, it will give a chance of trying it, instead of the so-called domestic remedies. It is intended to be an adviser to many in cases of indisposition, when one will not or cannot consult a physician. To persons living in the country, it will prove valuable, when medical aid, especially at night, can be had but with much trouble, expense and delay ; but, with this guide at hand, relief may be obtained in many cases of disease. As this work is intended for the great mass of the community, and to make the homoeopathic doctrines intelligible and useful to all, the author has tried to express himself with distinctness and simplicity, in order to be generally comprehended. This common-place, familiar style may, to a certain extent, enable a great many to prescribe for them- selves. But the contents of this book can make no one a homoeopathic physician. It has been said by the opponents of our doctrine, that an acquaintance with the old system of medicine was unnecessary to a homoeopathic physician: but this is a great error. No one can be a successful disciple of Halmemann, who is not well versed, as Hahne- mann himself was, in the learning of the medical schools; and it would be just as impossible for him to act judiciously without a know- ledge of anatomy, physiology, pathology, surgery, and materia medica, together with chemistry and botany, as for a man, ignorant of naviga- tion and seamanship, to carry a vessel with safety into port. If, in giving this work to the public, the author can aid in driving from common use the so-called domestic remedies, such as chamomile, (xi.^) XX DIRECTIONS FOR PRESCRIBING. hoarhound and other teas, paregoric, Epsom-salts, magnesia, and the wliole host of so-called simple remedies, and also all the nostrums or patent medicines, some of which are to be found in almost every nur- sery, and the habitual use of which is such a prolific cause of innumer- able drug-diseases, he will have accomplished the chief object of its publication, and have substituted for an irrational and pernicious practice, a judicious and rational one. Directions for Prescribing. Examine the table of contents, until you find the chapter where the complaint is spoken of for which you wish to have advice. Do not look for the common name only which may be given to such a com- plaint by the Old School Doctors. Most of these names are calculated to mislead ; but look for the principal symptoms of which the patient complains. In order to facilitate this as much as possible the work is divided into two parts ; the first treats of the most common causes of disease ; the second, of diseases occurring most frequently in the different pai'ts of the body. Therefore, when the cause of sickness is obvious, or probable, first examine what is said of it in Part I. ; then see what is said of the disease in Part II. The latter are treated of in regular succession, commencing with the head, neck, breast, and so on downward, enumerating under each head the diseases to which that part is principally subject, and concluding with General Diseases. By bearing this arrangement in mind, the reader will readily find what he may desire. Suppose a case of cold attended with headache and diarrhoea ; look first for '•' Cold" in the first part, cliapter second ; then for " Headache" in the second part, chapter first ; then for " Diarrhoea" in the same, chapter tenth. If a person is taken sick, and the direct cause is not perceptible, but the patient complains of pains in various parts of the body, examine the affections to which these several parts are subject ; thus you will readily find the remedy applicable. There are often several causes, and one remedy is not suitable for them all ; in this case give one remedy after another ; select first one for the worst symptoms, or still better, for the symptoms which appeared last, or the cause which acted last. One, who has taken cold, will easily get his stomach out of order; one, whose stomach is INTRODUCTION. XXI disordered, will easily take cold. Consider then first, the last cause OS the more important one. Always give but one remedy, and only when this does no more good, another one. When the patient appears to suffer from several complaints at the same time, it is well to ascertain and note down all the symptoms, without referring to the book, lest the patient may state something different from what is really the case, and thereby lead to the applica- tion of an improper remedy. Having thus noted accurately the com- plaints of the patient, then inquire minutely into all the attending circumstances. 1st. The precise locality of the pain. 2d. Require of the patient a description of the pain, and to what it may be com- pared — whether tearing, cutting, beating, throbbing, &c. 3d. The occasion of its getting worse or better, according to the time of day — morning, evening or night — to the weather, whether damp, cold or dry — to the position of the body, whether when still, or in motion — whether before or after eating — after sleep, when touched, pressed, &c. 4th. Note the combination of symptoms, if any ; for Instance, when coughing is accompanied with headache ; or headache with inclination to vomit ; or with this inclination, shivering, &c Having written down these observations, then look into the book for the prin- cipal symptoms, and you may find the proper remedy. Examine "Directions for patients to communicate their cases to a homeopathic physician in writing," at the end of this introduction. You will find there a detailed statement of all questions to which answers are required, and upon which the selection of a real homoeo- pathic remedy depends. This is, to be sure, troublesome, but you can have no success without it ; if you succeed without this troublesome examination, it is by chance, not by skill. If a doctor tells you that he is so learned and skilful, that he can prescribe without these ques- tions, that he, for instance, can see by the eyes, tongue, &c., what medicines to give, he is a deceiver, and those who believe in him, show that they know nothing whatever of true homoeopathy. Do not be discouraged because of the difficulties experienced at first in finding a suitable remedy, as these difficulties will vanish as soon as you become familiar with the book. If you give the wrong remedy, the patient will, of course, not get better, but it is not so bad as under the Old School practice. For XXII ADMINISTRATION OF MEDICINES, ETC. homoeopathic medicine will relieve, if it is the right one, but if it is not the right one, it will do no harm. Usually the disease remains as it was, sometimes it changes, you must then look into the book for a more suitable remedy. You can do harm with a homoeopathic remedy only if you give too much of it and too often, or if you give too many of them, one after the other, without waiting for their effects. Let every remedy have its time to act, as often stated in the book, and give con- sistently nothing else, as long as there is the slightest improvement. The greatest improvement will often take place without any other remedies. Administration of the Medicines and Repetition of Doses. The medicines may either be administered dry, by placing them upon the tongue, or dissolved in water. In most cases, two or three globules should be placed dry on the tongue. For infants, one globule will be amply sufficient for a dose ; if the tongue is dry add a few drops of water ; even new-born infants are able to swallow that. Where repeated doses of the medicine at short intervals are required, the appropriate remedies should be administered in solution in water. For this pui'pose take a clean tumbler which has contained nothing but milk or water, else you must rinse it first with cold and afterwards with hot water, dry and heat it on a stove as much as the glass will bear, and then suffer it 1:o cool. Half fill it with water, as pure as you can get it, put six or eight globules — or if a trituration, as much as will lie upon the point of a penknife — of the medicine into the water, and mix it thoroughly ])y repeatedly pouring it from one tumbler into another, or if yon have only one tumbler, by means of a clean spoon. Keep the tumbler containing the medicine, well covered with a saucer or piece of paper, in a cool place, free of odors of any kind. When thus prepared, a tablespoonful to adults, or a teaspoonful to children may be given at a time. In violent cases the medicine may be repeated every one, two or three hours ; but in chronic complaints or those of long standing, not oftener than once or twice a-day. I INTRODUCTION XXIIl After the first dose of every medicine, you should watch closely if, and what changes take place in the patient. In very dangerous and painful cases, wait ten to thirty minutes ; in other bad complaints, one to two hours ; and in chronic cases one to two days. It is then either better, worse, or the same. If better, give nothing more as long as the improvement lasts. If a sudden improvement ceases as suddenly, and the case gets worse, give another dose; this second dose may in some cases be followed at first by an increase of the complaint, but in a short time by a more decided and lasting improvement. If a complaint had got better from a remedy given for its cause, but the same cause has occasioned the same trouble again, give another suitable remedy. For instance, if the bad consequences of a fright had been removed by Opium, but a new fright had caused the same symptoms, give Aconitum. If you had taken Bryonia for the conse- quences of having taken cold, and had been relieved by it, but a fresh cold makes you worse again, take Aconitum. When the patient, after having taken the medicine once, or oftener, begins to feel better, however little, he should discontinue it, lest the healthful progress of the cure be interfered with by taking too much ; but as soon as the iniprovement ceases the same medicine should be taken again ; or in case the symptoms have altered, another more appropriate one. If the patient is worse after the first or second dose, the symptoms are either the same, but worse, or there are new symptoms instead, or in addition to the former ones. If the latter case, give another remedy, but if the former, when the medicine aggravates the symp- toms, and makes the patient temporarily worse, which is, nevertheless, a good sign, the patient should cea^^e taking it, and ivait for the effects. Should the aggravation be violent, it may be relieved by smelling camphor, or sweet spirits of nitre. It happens sometimes, that the most violent pains are increased very much by the smallest dose of the suitable remedy ; in such cases give a spoonful of black coffee, and as soon as the aggravation has ceased, repeat the remedy, if made worse again, repeat the coffee, and so on until the improvement is permanent. A^horaoeopathic physician of the right stamp, a great master, wrote to the author, that he has given in this way with the greatest success, Colocynthis and coffee for colic ; Pulsatilla and Coffea for rheumatic pains in the limbs ; and Mercurius XXIV REGIMEN DURING HOMCBOPATHIC TREATMENT. and coffee for faceache; in the last case the cure was complete and permanent only after the fifteenth dose. In very tedious cases, when the right remedy had been chosen and given in but one dose, and when the patient, after a short aggravation of tRe symptoms, commenced to grow better, he will sometimes, in a few days or a week get worse again ; he who can now wait, and givea nothing more, will witness most remarkable cures, which will be the more permanent and complete, the less they were interfered with. If the beneficial effects of the medicine is interrupted, or ceases entirely, and the patient grows worse in consequence of taking cold, eating improper food, &c., he should take a medicine to counteract the cause which occasioned this interruption, and then again the medicine which he had previously taken. With regard to the external application of the Tinctures of Arnica, Ruta, &c., a lotion of sufficient strength for most purposes may be made by putting five or six drops of the tincture in half a tumbler of water It may be applied to the injured part three or four times a-day, or as often as mentioned under each particular case. While taking homoeopathic medicines, strict attention should be paid to the following rules of diet. Regimen of the Sick during Homoeopathic Treatment. The general rule to be observed is, that patients should partake of light, digestible, nourishing food to satisfy hunger ; and of such drink as nature requires to allay thirst ; and abstain from everything of a medicinal or injurious nature. In acute or febrile diseases, only the lightest and most simple kinds of nutriment are proper, viz. : Pure cold water in preference to all other drinks ; or water with the addition of some sugar, raspberry or strawberry syrups, or quince and apple-jelly prepared without spices. Barley-water, rice-water, thin oatmeal gruel, panada, gum Arabic water, whey, milk and water, preparations of arrow-root, sago, tapioca, semolina, or tous-les-mois, all without any other seasoning than a little salt or loaf sugar, or one of the syrups above-mentioned. Toast-icater ; the toast should be made from stale bread, either home-made or from bakers who make use of neither potash, soda, or INTRODUCTION. XX"V alum ; the slices ought to be thin and thoroughly toasted, but not too brown, and never black. To make a good toast-water, pour boiling wflXQV on the toast while hot and let it stand. Ice-icnfer is often injurious and increases the thirst. The water, after being filtered if impure, should be cooled if possible without putting the ice in it. Put the vessel, containing the water to be cooled, into another larger vessel, a wooden one is preferable, which contains pieces of ice, and let it remain till sufficiently cold. If this cannot be conveniently done, put a lump of ice in the water and take it out again as soon as the water is sufficiently cooled. Most kinds of ripe, succulent fruits, possessing little or no acidity, fresh or prepared by cooking, and eaten in moderate quantities : as ripe grapes, sweet apples, pears, peaches, raspberries. Some kinds of dried fruits : as apples, quinces, peaches, cherries, prunes, dates, figs, &c. All imported dried fruits, raisins, figs, &c., ought to be well washed before they are used, first in cold and afterwards in hot water. Sweet oranges when well ripened are allowed, but all decayed, spotted, and sour ones, ought to be avoided. With regard to apricots, nectarines, plums, gages, watermelons, and cherries, the physician should be consulted. No fruit whatever should be used in cases of colic, diarrhoea, dysen- tery, cholera, and in croup, not even in convalescence. When the more violent symptoms of acute disease have subsided, and the appetite calls for more substa-'tial food, a wider range may be gradually taken in the choice of aliment, and all the articles used which are allowed in chronic or long-continued diseases, viz. : All kinds of light and not too fresh bread, and plain biscuit con- taining no potash, soda, alum or other similar ingredients ; cakes made of meal, eggs, sugar, and a little butter ; arrow-root, rice and other cakes not raised with fermenting powders ; light puddings and dumplings of wheat, rye, Indian meal, rice, tapioca, sago, oatmeal or bread, without wines, spices, or rich sauces ; hominy, rice, groats and pearl barley boiled with water, milk, or soup. Potatoes, turnips, carrots, beets, salsify, artichokes, spinach, cab- bage, cauliflower, green peas, or beans, the green pods of scarlet and French beans ; and in some cases also, asparagus, mushrooms, dried peas, beans, lentils, millet, haricot-beans, &c. XXVI REGIMEN DURING HOMCEOPATHIC TREATMENT. Milk, raw or boiled, fresh buttermilk, whey, milk posset ; but care should be taken not to use milk from unhealthy cows. Ice-creams with the syrup of strawberries and that of other allowed fruits, and not flavored with aromatics nor colored with cochineal or other injurious drugs. Pure, plain chocolate or cocoa, and in some cases weak black tea. Butter, free from any rancid or unusual taste, cream, mild fresh cheese, milk cheese, curds, and other simple preparations of milk ; plain custards, pure sweet olive oil. Raw or boiled eggs and egg-tea, except in diarrhoea. Soups and broths of animal and vegetable substances otherwise allowed, seasoned with a little salt only ; beef tea,* mutton broth, and chicken water, after having been boiled for at least half an hour. Beef, mutton, all kinds of tongues, venison and wild game, the lean part of ham, pigeons, chickens and turkeys ; the latter only in the winter season and not in all cases. Cod, haddock, whiting, sole, turbot, trout, pike, perch, carp, mackerel, herrings. Salt fish may be taken after having been well soaked in cold water before it is used. Oysters, raw, roasted in the shell, or boiled in soup. Salt, and also sugar or molasses, may be used, but always with great moderation. Should any of the allowed articles of diet disagree with the patient, on account of some constitutional peculiarity, or the nature of the disease, they should be avoided by him, though they may be perfectly wholesome for others. The patient should not overload his stomach, nor oppress it with various or incongruous dishes. The demands of the appetite for solids are to be satisfied at stated and not too frequent periods, and at no other time. Regularity in the time of eating is of great importance. The diet of children at the breast should not be changed during their sickness ; but in such cases that of the mother should be regulated according to the preceding rules. * In order to make the best beef-tea, the beef should be cut up into small pieces the jize ol dice and allowed to soak in the cold water for at least twelve hours before it is boiled See page ■ 62. INTRODUCTION. XXVIl ARTICLES FORBIDDEN, Unless esjoecially alloxoed by (he Physician. The flesh of all young animals, and particularly veal ; geese, tame ducks ; the liver, lungs or tripe of animals ; turtles, eels, crabs, old smoked or salt meat, sausages, mince pies, rancid butter, strong oi decayed cheese, lard, fat pork, roast pig, fried and pickled oysters. Food prepared from blood, and much animal fat. All highly seasoned soups, sauces, pepperpot. Cakes prepared with much butter or with aromatics ; pastry, pies ; honey, and all kinds of colored confectionary ; all kinds of candies, excepting rock and barley sugar. All kinds of nuts, and fruits not mentioned amongst the allowed articles. Vinegar of all kinds, salads or cucumbers prepared with it; iDickles prepared with spices or greened with copper ; parsnips, parsley, celery, radishes, horse-radish, garlic, onions ; all kinds of pepper, catsups, mustard, saffron, nutmeg, ginger, lemon or orange peel, vanilla, laurel leaves, bitter almonds, peach kernels or peach leaves, cloves, cinnamon, allspice, fennel, aniseed, sage, thyme, mint, &c. All kinds of distilled and fermented liquors ; coffee and green tea ; lemonade and drinks prepared with acids. All natural and artificial mineral waters. Colored toys, if the colors are not fixed, are on all occasions to be withheld from children, also vulcanised gum elastic toys. All perfumery, particularly musk, hartshorn, camphor, paccioli, Eau de Cologne, Eau de Luce, or other aromatic waters, strong smelling flowers, cosmetics and scented or medicated tooth-powder must be avoided. Tobacco, if used at all, should be used very moderately. Every medicine, excepting those prescribed by the physician, ought to be avoided ; not only all medicines procured at the shops, and all such as are empirical, but every description of domestic medicines, as XXVIII REGIMEN DURING HOMCEOPATHIC TREATMENT. all manner of herb teas, syrups, medicated poultices and irritating ^r medicinal substances applied to the skin. Blood-letting by the lancet, or by leeches and cups, and laxative injections, except of those of cold or lukewarm water, are likewise forbidden. Hot baths are to be strictly avoided, especially baths impregnated with herbs, sulphur, and other medicaments. Tepid or cold sponging baths, or rubbing with a wet towel, may be used, by most patients daily. For other employments of cold water the advice of an expe- rienced physician must be sought. Linen, cotton, silk or leather, worn next the skin is preferable to flannels, excepting for persons much exposed to the weather, or for little children. The patient should, if possible, use moderate exercise, in the open air for an hour or more daily ; and his chamber should be well venti- lated every day. Rooms, papered with yellow paper, or stained or painted yellow, and yellow transparent window-shades or curtains should be avoided, the best color for the walls of a sick room is a light rose-color, pai'ticu- larly alternate stripes of white and light rose-color. The transparent window-shades should be of a grayish or light blue tint. Physical labor, which gives the mind the proper direction to use- fulness, while it exercises the body, should be daily used in chronic dis- eases as far as the strength will allow of it. Homoeopathic medicines should not be taken too soon after eating ; and for abeut an hour after taking them the patient had better abstain from eating or the use of tobacco, and, if possible, from much mental or bodily exertion. INSTRUCTIONS FOR PATIENTS HO^' TO COMMUNICATE THEIR CASES TO A PHYSICIAN BY LETTER. The patient should first describe his complaint in his own way, aa though these instructions were not before him, viz : their commencement, progress and presumptive causes. The age and sex of the patient, and whether he be married or single, should of course be communicated to the physician, if these circumstances be not already known. It would be well to mention whether the patient is of a large or diminutive frame of body, meagre or stout, feeble or robust. Whether he is easy to take cold, and very susceptible to other external impressions. Is the complexion florid, or pale, or dark ? What is the color and condi- tion of the hair, and the color of the eyes ? Concomitant bodily infirmities, as hernia or rupture, prolapsus uteri, curvature of the spine, lameness, &c., should be made known. Is the disposition of the patient mild and placable, or boisterous and violent ? firm or yielding, lively and commnnicative. or reserved and taciturn; anxious, apprehensive, or timorous, or irritable, &c. ? Are his mental emo- tions of long continuance, or are they very transient ? The patient is next required to give an accurate and particular de- scri})tion of the incidents or symptoms of his disease, such as pains and other morbid sensations. He should describe precisely the region or part, and on which side of the body they are seated, and how large is the space they occupy. Whether the pains are obtuse, and may be denominated dull or pressing, or whether they are sticking or piercing, rending, throbbing, perforating, pulling or drawing, pinching, snatch- ing, gnawing, cutting, griping, burning, obtusely prickling or crawling, itching, tickling, numb or as if the part were asleep, as if from a sprain (xxix) XXX INSTRUCTIONS FOR PJiTIENTS, or contusion, or whether they consist of several of these sensations combined, or may be more accurately represented by other terms. — Are the symptoms continued, or do they remit or vary in intensity from time to time ? Do they recur at particular times of day, or at certain intervals of one or more days ? Is their recurrence, aggravation, diminution or cessation connected with the exercise of any bodily function ? Do they arise or disappear, are they increased or dimin- ished by exercise, or during rest, by lying down, or sitting, by stretch- ing out, or bending up the body, by walking, by standing, by warmth or cold, in the open air or within doors, by light, by noises, by talking, by eating, by drinking or swallowing soon after eating, by the motion of the affected part or by touching or pressing it, by mental emotion — fright, anger, during bodily or mental exercise, reading, &c., &c. — Are the symptoms associated with anxiety greater or less ? do they ijnpair the powers of thought or recollection, or the due exercise of the senses ? (seeing, hearing, &c.) — Are the motions or functions of the affected part in any way impaired or disabled ? or is the local disease associated with complaints in other parts, and with what? does it alternate with other complaints ? Is the affected part red or swollen ? Is the swelling hard or soft or painful to the touch, and does it leave an indentation after pressure with the finger ? During the sufferings of individual parts or functions of the body, (even when these functions are not the principal ones) further infor- mation is to be given respecting the state of the patient's mind ; whether he suffers patiently, or is inclined to weep, to be morose, passionate, despairing, greatly anxious or fearful, &c., or whether the mind is remarkably affected in these respects by the disease. Are the intellectual functions, power of thought, memory or desire or ability for mental or bodily exercise weakened ? — Aberrations of mind, morbid affections of the moral and intellectuarfaculties are to be de- scribed by the narrators strictly as they are manifested by the patient's words or conduct. Is there dizziness, or " a dull, heavy sensation" of the head. — Disor- ders of sight ? Does the patient see objects indistinctly as through a veil or mist ? Does he see dark specks floating before the eyes, or sparks, or false colors ? Do objects appear double or quivering ? Is the patient short — or long-sighted ? Is the pupil contracted, dilated or very changeable ? Are the eyes watery, red, inflamed, averse to the HOW TO COMMUNICATE WITH PHYSICIANS. XXXI light? Do the ey«-lids frequently adhere together? Do they open and close properly ? Are they affected by convulsive motions or twitchings, oi beset with sties ? Are there specks upon the cornea ? Disorders of hearing : Is there a roaring, whizzing, or ringing noise in the ears ? Is the ear-wax dry or fluid, oozing from, the ears, or foetid ? Are the nostrils obstructed ? Is there a cold in the head with or without a discharge from the nose? Sneezing? Sense of smell? Soreness and rawness of the nostrils, or a bad smell from them ? Bleed- ing at the nose ? Are the teeth incrusted with tartar, loose, decayed, and have any fallen out or been extracted ? Are the gums pale or red, hard or soft, spongy, swollen, apt to bleed, or retracted from the neck of the teeth ? Is there a dryness of the mouth ? Or excessive flow of saliva ? Is the saliva viscid, slimy, foetid, bloody ? Is the surface of the tongue, tonsils, uvula, palate, fauces or lips affected with blisters, swellings, or ulcers, or covered with mucus ? Is the tongue dry or moist, acutely sensible, chapt, sore or raw, clean or covered with fur (white or yellow)"? — Are the functions of speech, chewing, or motion of the tongue unembarrassed ? Is swallowing performed without difficulty ? (Is the swallowing of fluids or solids or of the spittle attended by no inconvenience ?) Has the patient a bad breath? Is the taste natural or absent, slimy, salt, bitter, sour, foul ? — Have the different articles of food their proper taste, or are they insipid, slimy, bitter, sour, salt, &c.? — How is the appetite and thirst? What articles of food or drink are preferred ? What complaints arise after eating and drinking ? Is the patient troubled with frequent belching of wind, with or with- out taste, — or does it taste of the food just eaten, or of what ? Is there regurgitation of fluids from the stomach, or a confluence of saliva in the mouth ? and of what taste in either case ? Is there vomiting of water, saliva, or mucus, of an acrimonious, acrid or bitter taste, or of a putrid taste and smell, or of a yellow, green or bloody aspect ? Does the patient vomit coagulated blood, or food ? Is the. e sickness or nausea ? Is the abdomen tense, full, hard, or empty and retracted ? In the case of pains or other complaints in the abdomen, the particular region in which they are seated should be accurately defined (for ex- ample : pit of the stomach, region of the navel, immediately below XXXII INSTRUCTIONS FOR PATIENTS, the ribs, in which side, &c.). Is the patient troubled with flatulency? Is there frequent rolling and rumbling in the bowels ? Does the wind readily escape, or is it retained, and what are the complaints which it seems to give rise to ? Are the evacuations from the bowels effected with ease or difficulty? How frequent are they ? what is their con- sistence ? are they faecal or slimy, or bloody, &c. ? What is their color ? Are there any complaints immediately preceding, during or following a stool ? Are there any large or small worms discharged ? Are there abrasions or sore places, warts, or piles in the rectum or anus, and do the latter sometimes protrude or bleed? What com- plaints arise before, or during, or after the urinary discharge ? And is the discharge sparing or copious ? What is the aspect of the urine ? (is it clear, liigh-colored, or turbid ?) Does it soon change after evac- uation and deposit mucus or sand, or a white, or red sediment ? Does it contain blood, pus, or gravel ? Men are to give every information in relation to the sexual functions and the genital organs. Are there any discharges, what, and when ? &c lemales should relate every circumstance in relation to menstruation. At what age did it first appear? And have they been regular ever since ? How are the periods now ; are they regular, too frequent or is the interval too long Too copious or sparing ? How long did they continue while the patient was in health and how long since sh^ be- came diseased ? What complaints jjrecede, exist with or follow men- struation ? What influence upon the discharge has motion or rest, &c. ? Is the discharge red, dark, clotted, foetid ? — Is the patient troubled with the whites ? and how long ? Constantly, or before or after menstruation ? bland or acrimonious ? watery or thick ? white, yellow, or greenish ? foetid ? — Has she ever had the green sickness, or uterine diseases, and in what did they consist ? Finally intimations concerning sexual desire, and its influence upon the health are desirable for the physician. When the patient is or has been married : Has she had children, and has she often conceived ? — Has she ever had a miscarriage, and how often ? How was it occasioned and what were the accompanying symptoms, (for example : great loss of blood) ? — What complaints were there during pregnancy ? — What were the incidents during labor and child-bed ? Were injuries, hremorrhage, or diseases attendant ? or are any complaints remaining therefrom ? — Did the patient nurso HOW TO COMMUNICATE WITH PHYSICIANS. XXXIIl her children at the breast? And was the nursing attended or followed by any complaint ? — Has she suffered with sore nipples, or inflamed breasts ? And from this cause or others, has she indurations of the breasts ? At what age did menstruation cease ? and with what complaints was the cessation accompanied ? or with what effect on the hea th ? Is the breathing short, or otherwise oppressed ? Can the patient ascend a height ? Is the breathing asthmatic, wheezing or rattling ? Does the patient make any comjjlaint on drawing a deep breath ? How is the voice, rough, hoarse, hollow, &c ? Is there a cough ? is it slight and short, or hard and difficult ? does it seem to come deep from the breast ? do the paroxysms of coughing last long, and are they attended by swelling of the face and loss of breath ? How does the cough sound ? Is it dry, or followed by expectoration ? Is expecto- ration easy or difficult, sparing or copious, raucous, purulent, resem- bling saliva, bloody, (interspersed or tinged with blood, and of a bright, or dark color, or is it pure blood ?) white, yellow, green, ash-colored, &c. ? Does it taste salt, sweet, bitter, or what taste has it ? Is there a superabundance of mucus in the larynx or trachea, or does it seem to lie deep in the breast ? In what part of the organs of respiration is seated the irritation to cough ? and from whence proceeds the matter expectorated ? Is there palpitation of the heart? or throbbing in other parts of the body ? Docs the patient suffer from transient flushes of heat ? He can perhaps describe the condition of the pulse. Are the glands under the ear, under the jaw, in the arm-pits, on the head, in the groins, swollen or suppurated ? Is the patient afflicted with goitre, or an enlargement of the gland over the wind pipe. Are there swellings of the bones or joints, are there tubercles or swellings, or swollen or knotted veins ? Are there any parts red, swollen, and painful ? Are the hands or feet swollen ? Is there lameness of one or more of the limbs ? Are there cramps or spasms, tremor, twitching or starting, stupor or falling asleep, or other morbid sensations in any of the limbs ? Is the skin pallid, yellow, &c. ? la ii dry or inclined to sweat, or otherwise in an unhealthy condition ? Is there itching of the skin (tickling, slight prickling, or a sensation of biting, burning, crawling, strcking?) is it relieved by scratching, or is the sensation thereby only changed for another ? The presence iu the skin of wheals, swellings, boils, chilblains and corns is to be men- C XXXIV INSTRUCTIONS FOR PATIENTS. tioned, and the attendant sensations described. Also cutaneous erup- tions, as miliary eruptions or rashes, spots, pimples, vesicles and pustules are to be described, viz : their seat, color, abundance, size ; whether filled with water or pus, whether covered with scabs or crusts, and their duration. Also, tetter, scaliness, scald, brown and blue spots, moles, freckles, cracks or fissures of the skin, blisters with corrosive discharges, ulceration at the angles of the mouth, warts, swellings of the bones, chafing of the skin, malformation of the nails, falling out of the hair, scales or scabs on the head. When there are ulcers, whether they are inflamed, or overgrown with what is called proud flesh, whether their margins are elevated, whether they easily bleed, or their bottom looks red, black, or as if containing a fatty substance ; whether the matter issuing from them is copious, thin, thick, bloody, white, yellow, black, acrimonious, foetid. Is there chilliness, or a feeling of heat ? Chilliness, heat, or sweat of particular parts ? — Sweating of the feet, whether warm, cold or foetid ? When the patient has fever, does the paroxysms consist of a cold, hot and sweating stage ? Do they alternate with or succeed each other ? What is the order of their succession ? With what in- tensity, and how long does each continue ? Are they general, or do they affect particular parts only ? with or without thirst ? with pale- ness or redness of the face and skin ? Are there other symptoms ac- companying the paroxysm of fever (cold, hot and sweating stage)? Particular paroxysms of disease, as swooning, cramps, epilepsy, spasms of the stomach, asthma, &c., are to be accurately described in their commencement, course and termination. Whether they are changed, aggravated or relieved at certain hours of the day, during the performance of any bodily function, or by certain postures of the body. Does the patient sleep long, or is he restless, and is the sleep inter- rupted by frequent waking or startings? Does he talk or moanm his sleep, or has he the night-mare ? Is the sleep disturbed by anxious dreams, and of what character ? In what posture does the patient lie during sleep ? Is he accustomed to sleep with his mouth open ? How is his strength ? Is he obliged to lie down, or can he remain up ? Does he feel languid, weary, or sluggish, &c. ? Is he emaciated ? The patient should relate his previous diseases, — particular cuta- neous diseases, — itch, eruptions of the head, tetter, erysipelas, small- HOW TO COMMUNICATE WITH PHYSICIANS. XXXV pox, measles, pimples on the face or any itching eruption of the skin. — Also, whether he has had scrofula (glandular swellings) rickets, gout, rheumatism, piles, difficult dentition, worms, cramps, epilepsy (convul* sions), hooping-cough, inflammation of the lungs, or other inflamma- tions, intermittent or remittent fever, jaundice, hsemorrhages, diseases of the teeth, apoplexy and palsy, sweating of the feet, ulcers, or other diseases. He relates how long he labored under either of these affec- tions, how long he was under treatment for them, what were the remedies employed, and what he has used for the existing disease. Has he resorted to medicated baths, herb teas of any kind, blood- letting, emetics or cathartics, teas " for purifying the blood," valei'ian tea, "strengthening medicines," Peruvian bark, &c. And is he accus- tomed to the use of either of these remedies ? Is he in the habitual use of distilled or fermented liquors, coffee, tea, much fat victuals, acid, or high-seasoned food ? — Does he partake of much food, and what ? — His manner of living should be described, and whether he is accus- tomed to the use of woolen clothing, and whether his habitation is in a wholesome condition. — "When passions or emotions of the mind re- tard recovery, or have caused and sustained the disease, he should not conceal these circumstances from the physician. For example : disap- pointed love, blighted hopes, grief, domestic unhappiuess, want. Neither should he conceal the fact of former habits of licentiousness, if any such have existed, and whioh may have centributed to his disease. If he has always been of a weakly frame of body, probably his disease is hereditary ; and if when an infant, he did not receive his nourishment at the breast, but was brought up " by hand," the physi- cian should be informed of the fact. LIST OF MEDICINES. Aconitum. A-ntimonium crudum. Apium virus. Arnica. Arsenicum. Belladonna. Bryonia. Calcarea. Capsicum. Carbo vegetabilis. Causticum. Cepa. . . Chamomilla. China. Cina, Cocculus. Coffea. Colocynihis. Crocus. Cuprum metallicura. Drosera. Dulcamara. Euphrasia. Ferrum. Glonoiue. Hepar. Hepar, 3d trituration. Hydrophobium. Hyoscyamus. Ignatia. Ipecacuanha. Lachesis Lycopodium. Mercurius. Natrum muriaticum. Nux moschata. Nux vomica. Opium. Phosphorus. Phosphoric acid. Platinum. Pulsatilla. Rheum. Rhus. Ruta. Sambucus. Sanguinaria. Secale. Silicea. Spigelia. Spongia. Spongia, 3d trituration. Staphysagria. Stramonium. Sulphur. Sulphur, 3d trituration. Tartar emeticus. Tartar emeticus, 3d tn turation. Yariolinum. Veratrum. Arnica. Calendula. TINCTURES FOR EXTERNAL USE. Cantharides. Bata. Hypericum. The medicines should be kept in a dry and not too warm place, free from odors, and excluded from a bright light. (xxxvi) PART FIRST. OF THE MOST COMMON CAUSES OF DISEASE. CHAPTER I. AFFECTIONS OF THE MIND. Sudden Emotions. After an agreeable surprise, if the pleasurable sensations are accompanied by great excitement, trembling, fainting, &c., which may happen to women and children, give Cojfea^ particularly if they cry, weep, or laugh. After a common fright^ caused by a sudden noise, &c., give Opium if it can be given immediately; but if a half hour, or an hour should have elapsed, Aconite is preferable. After a. fright^ with great terror, Opium is the best remedy. Fright with vexation, Aconite ; if followed by sadness or grief, Ignatia. If children after being frightened are still fearful, have great heat in the head and twitching around the mouth, give Opium. If the fright is followed by pains in the forehead, sour vomit- ing or eructation, weakness and cold perspiration, or stupor with internal heat, agitation and heaviness in the abdomen, or coldness of the body, with trembling or nervous twitching, I ^ 2 (1) 2 THE MOST COMMON CAUSES OF DISEASE. oppression of the chest, stiffness of the limbs, unnatural sleep with loud snoring, give Opium in water, every fifteen to twenty minutes a tea-spoonful, if better, less often. ShouM within an hour the difficult breathing be the same, particularly after vomiting or coughing, as if the patient would suftbeate, the face turn bluish, chililren weep much and grasp grown per- sons with their hands, tremble as if in distress, breathing more like whistling than snoring, give Sambticus. If the difficult breathing increases to suffocation, violent pains appear, especially in the pit of the stomach, give Aconitn. If the fright is followed by twitching of the limbs, or convul- sions, insensibility, difficult breathing, involuntary evacuations, give Opium; or, if this should have no effect within half an hour, Ignatia^ or Glonoine. If their sight fails, if they sink down, become pale as death, or alternately pale and red, have sometimes twitchings around the mouth, jerking of the limbs or spreading asunder of the fingers, give Glonoine ; if tl>« back becomes stiff, Ignatia. When children have been frightened into Jits^ and scream, tremble, have twitchings in the arms and legs — if the iiead is hot, with much perspiration and redness of the face, give Opium; if no better in half an hour, Belladojina ; but if they become very pale, Ignatia; if very cold, with involuntary evacuations, Veratrum. In cases of simple vomiting, sickness of the stomach, or pains, caused by a fright, Aconite. For diarrhoea, caused b}'' any sudden mental emotion, give Ojmim ; and if the patient ia excited. Aconite. If this prt^ves ineffectual, Veratrum, or Pul- satilla, according to the symptoms under "Diarrhoea," Part 11. For fainting, after a fright, Opium; if the patient becomes eold, sprinkle his face and bathe his feet with cold water; if it returns, let him smell camphor spirit at short intervals. When, after a fright, there is a rush of blood to the head, give first Opium : if this fails. Aconite, and if it returns within six or eight hours, Belladonna. When, after o. fright, a person continues to be greatly ngitated, CHAP. I. AFFECTIONS OF THE MIND. 3 Belladonna will afford relief; sometimes Mercurius, accordidg to the .symptoms, to be given hereafter. If fright or mortification produces derangement of the mi td, Belladonna is to be given, if the blood rushes to the head, the pupils of the eyes are large, face red, burning hot, nose dry, throat and neck sore to the touch, if the patient cannot hour any thing about the neck, cannot sleep at all, or is raving mad, will run away, or fears what he imagines to see before his eyes. If the throat and neck are very sensible to the slightest touch, if the patient talks incessantly, changing the subject often, give Lachesis. If the patient is very indifferent, or low spirited, alternating with paroxysms of laughter, or if he displays much pride and contempt for others, or fears the approach of death — or when, with females, it is accompanied with a. copious men- strual discharge, give Platinum; should this discharge, howevei, be diminished or suppressed, give Pulsatilla. If Belladonna has given no relief, and the patient remains much agitated, the least exertion producing trembling and rushing of blood to the head, cannot sleep on account of frightful visions, is worse at night, cannot bear the heat of the bed, wishes to escape, or is quarrelsome, or complains of his friends and of all about him, give Mercurius. Fear is frequently combined with fright, and the same reme- dies may be used. When children are timid. Aconite in the evening, or Belladonna in the morning. If children fear to be alone, Arsenicum; if they are afraid of every stranger, Pulsa- tilla. Give these medicines only once, and let several days pass without repeating or giving any other medicine. For diarrhoea, caused by fear, give Veratrum, particularly when they are cold and tremble ; when internally hot and externally cold, or the body hot and the limbs cold, Pulsatilla. if the head is hot, Opium. If the fear continues, if they imagine that they see dead persons, or that thieves are in the house, concealed here or there, give Arsenicum. 4 THE MOST COMMON CAUSES OF DISEASE. When other symptoms appear, particularly stupefaction, difficulty of swallowing, convulsions, laughing when asleep, starting, constant apprehension, or a desire to escape, give Hyos- cyaimis. Grief and Sorrow. The consequences of grief and sorrow, if long continued, are worse than those of other affections ; without the proper moral remedy, medicines are useless. Whoever cannot find the former, need not expect relief from the latter. The first sudden consequences are, however, in most cases soon over- come by medicines. For silent, inward grief, combined with mortification, for sup- pressed vexation which we cannot quiet, for silent grief caused by misplaced affections, or in consequence of losses which we cannot forget — for something continually preying upon the mind, give Ignatic, which, in some cases, may be repeated once O' twice within a day or two. For vomiting, or pains in the stomach, or headache and giddi ness, give also Ljnatia ; and if it fails. Phosphoric acid. Sleeplessness, after depressing events, sorrow or losses of friends, when night after night passes without any sleep, one dose oi Sulphur will often give relief. When fits are caused by grief or mortification, give Ignatia first; if this does not relieve, give Opium during the attack, and after it, Phosphoric acid. When grief is caused by disappointment in love, give Ignatia, particularly if one cheek turns very often red. When the patient is very quiet, taciturn, or has a slow fever, give Phosphoric acid. especially if both cheeks are sometimes red. If the disappointed lover is more mortified, indignant, Staphisagria. If jealous, violent in his motions, quarrelsome or delirious, give Hyoscyamus, which may also be given if lovers quarrel much. If he talks much and disconnectedly, changing the sub- ject of his conversation abruptly, talks to every person about his being jealous, or is peevish and malicious, feels worse when awaking or after eating, Lachesis. When contempt of persons, CHAP. I. AFFECTIONS OF THE MIND. 5 heretofore esteemed or loved, is shown in acts or words, some- iimes with a temptation to kill such persons, give Platinum. After grief and loss of sleep in consequence of watching at the sickbed of dear persons, if headache and nervousness follow, give Gocculus; if there is great exhaustion, the patient scarcely able to speak. Phosphoric acid; if entire sleeplessness, continuing for many nights, Sulphur. "When mortifications have produced a derangement of intellect, give Belladonna, Hyoscyamus^ Mercurius, or Platinum, accord- ing to the symptoms stated above. If all things appear larger, Hyoscyamus ; if much sn:ialler, or very little, like playthings. Platinum ; if dark, black, double, Belladonna or Mercurius; and if Mercurius does not improve any more let it be followed by one dose of Sulphur. When caused by home sickness, and the patient cannot sleep — is hot and flushed in the face, give Hyoscyamus ; and if this should not give relief within a few days, the cheeks only being red, a hot feeling in the back of the throat, GapsicuTn. If followed by a short hacking cough every morning for half an hour, Drosera. If the patient is evidently wasting away, does not tvish to speak, perspires much in the morning, is sleepy and dull, and will not eat, says every thing he eats lies heavily and oppres- sively in the stomach, Phosphoric acid. When the patient is very weak, trembling, uneasy, agitated, particularly during the night, chilly, perspiring much, give Mercurius. If grief, fright, anxiety or fear promote the monthly dis- charge, or increase or check it, or bring on other symptoms with it, give Platinum. For protracted effects of grief and sorrow, when the patient i? irritable, cross, uneasy, fearful, dejected, anticipating danger, dreads the future, frets and grieves constantly, is sleepy during the day, but cannot rest at night, perspires night and day, loses the hair, the voice becomes feeble, give Staphisagria. If he is contemptuous, refuses to speak, is feverish, and loses flesh, give Phosphoric acid. If quarralsome, obstinate, sensitive, and mani- festing great anxiety, give Mercurius, 2* 6 THE MOST COMMON CAUSES OF DISEASE. Vexation. Chamomilla generally answers best when tlie vexation is attended with violent fits of anger. If vexation causes a bitter taste, retching and vomiting of bile. headache, oppression at the pit of the stomach, or stomach, cutting pains in the bowels, diarrhoea, hot fever with thii-st, red- ness of the face and eyes, agitation, bilious fever or jaundice, give Chamomilla^ which may, in some cases, be repeated in from six to twelve hours, according to circumstances. If the patient is cold and chilly, has belching, vomiting or rising of bitter water, has either constipation or diarrhoea, feels better when at rest, give Bryonia, and if it produces no effect in eight hours, give Veratrum. In case of fever with restlessness, pressure in the stomach, like a stone, Aconitum. When food or drink, taken immediately after being vexed, produces bad taste, bitter eructations, vomiting of bile, pain in the bowels, heat of the head, uneasiness, disturbed sleep, &c., give Chamomilla once or twice ; but if this medicine loses its effect, give Pulsatilla, Nux vomica, or Colocynth. 1\ a person had drunk chamomile tea, and had afterwards been vexed, or taken, improperly, chamomile tea f )r the fever following vexation, give Coffea, and if this does not relieve, give Nux vomica. If, after this, the pains still remain, give Colocynth. If the patient is of a mild disposition, and Colocynth does not effect a perfect cure, give Pulsatilla. If grief or shame is the consequence of vexation, give Ignatia. If vexation is followed by coldness or chills, and the patient remains cross, give Bryonia; should Bryonia not sufiBce, the patient being one who is inclined to become very angry, or who has been taking wine or liquor, give Nux vomica. If the vexa- tion is accompanied by just and violent indignation and abhor- rence of the occurrence which induced it, if this is expressed by pushing away things on the table with the hands, give Staphis- agria. When there are pains in the bowels, especially if they occur after meals, or are increased by taking food, Colocynth may be given. CHAP. I. AFFECTIONS OF THE .MIND. 7 Yexation may cause restlessness, want of sleep on account of heat, as if too much blood were in the head, short breathing, palpitation, then give Aconitum. Restlessness and distress, want of sleep from anxiety, cold- ness, fear of being alone, fear of dying, want of sufl&cient breath, Arsenicum. If vexation produces cough, or palpitation of the heart, asthma, spasms in the chest, so that the patient is threatened with suft'o- cation, give ChamomiUa. In this case it will be well also, to put the hands for a short time in cold water; and if this fails, to bathe the arms in warm water until he is better. If worse after midnight, give Arse7ucu7n ,' if worse towards morning, or if the patient seems to lose his reason, Veratrum. Anger. When persons of violent temper feel unwell, after having been in a passion, give Nux vomica; if the cheeks are burning, red, face red, hot, perspiration warm, if disposed to be in motion, Chamomilla ; and if disposed to be quiet, Bryonia. Anger with indignation in persons inclined to much reflec- tion, who complain of soreness all over, are sleepy during the day, and sleepless during the night, Staphisagria ; if chilly and feverish alternately, with thirst and vomiting of bile, generally worse towards morning, Nux vomica. Internal chilliness without chills, worse from afternoon till mid- night, Pulsatilla. If anger and vexation produce mental alienation, fear of death, anxiety or laughing and crying. Platinum. When little chil- dren get into so violent a rage as to lose their breath or fall into convulsions, give Chamomilla; if they lose their breath, appa- rently from phlegm in the throat, with rattling, give Tartar em£tic. If they shriek and weep violently which seems to cause coughing, or if the anger and crying cause a jumping or beating of the heart, give Arnica. Arnica must be given if anger causes blood-spitting or a sen- sation as if beaten all over (like Staphisagria), most in the tack ; 8 THE MOST COMMON CAUSES OF DISEASE. h\ ter taste, foul breath, and if lying there as if stunned by a bl«jw, head liot, feet cold ; or if at first very irritable, afterwards stupid, or if urine and stool pass involuntarily. If they con- tinue to cry and will not be pacified, the blood rushing to the head, they talk confusedly, or are senseless, give Belladonna, and if this fails to relieve, Hepar. Sensitiveness and Irritability Cause indispositions with many persons, who are too much affected by even trifling emotions. If owing to this great sen- sitiveness there should be inward vexation, sleeplessness, and a disposition to shed tears at the most trifling and imaginary causes, give Goffea. The patient must, of course, abstain from drinking coffee. Persons with great irritability of the whole nervous system, particularly the senses, inclination to lie down, aversion to fresa air, a stubborn and refractory disposition, and in females, if the menstrual periods are irregular, give Nux vomica; to persons more tranquil, easily moved to tears, the menstrual period too late and insufficient, or suppressed, Pulsatilla. If more fretful, give Ignatia; if more peevish and still pasc^ionate, give Cho' momilla. If patients are greatly excited, form plans, and are exceedingly lively, particularly in the evening, give China, If the pains are distracting, give Goffea; if the patient has fever with a quick, hard pulse, give Aconitum,; and if three or four doses of this fail to afford relief, Ghamomilla. When persons become flighty or distracted from excessive pain, are subject to its recurrence, are catching cold from every change of weather, and are worse by being touched, give Ghina. Should this prove ineffectual within six hours, Mercurius. If violent pains bring on delirium and madness, Veratrum. If very different mental emotions or mental exertion cause headache, faintness, or determination of the blood to the heart, take Ohnoine, as often as necessary, but if great weakness and fatigue remain, take Cuprum. CHAP. IT. CONSEQUENCES OF COLDS. 9 CHAPTER 11. CONSEQUENCES OP COLDS. The most common results of taking cold are catarrh and cough, sometimes fever, colic, diarrhoea, pains in the teeth, ears, or limbs. When selecting a medicine, it may be necessary to refer to the chapter where these disorders are more fully treated. Here we shall only mention what is to be done in the most common cases. The first rule to be observed, in order to prevent bad effects from catching cold, is to keep warm, and see that the feet are kept dry ; to abstain from the use of spirituous liquors, which in some cases may aggravate the complaint; and eat less animal food and no spices. When you feel that you have caught cold, without any decided consequences having yet manifested themselves, after having been in a cold dry wind, take Aconitum ; drink a large tumbler of cold water before going to bed ; cover yourself well and try to perspire. Either next morning, or before noon, the symptoms will generally have disappeared. If children cannot be induced to drink water, or if you know from expe- rience that it does not produce perspiration, water and milk in equal propor- tion, taken very warm, may cause perspiration. Robust laboring men or women, who, after having overheated themselves, catch cold, may take in the evening, on going to bed, a glass of hot water and sugar, with a small portion of brandy or rum ; intense heat will be relieved by Glonoine. To a person, who in winter has become quite stiff with cold and wet, give a cup of strong coffee, without milk, and if this should prevent sleep at night, Nux vomica. If children have been out in the snow, snow-balling, skating, or playing out-doors in winter, have perspired, perhaps got their feet wet, and taken cold, give Glonoine, especially if the head is hot, face red, pulse very quick, eyes red, and the arteries of the neck beating; also if they hold their head, or want to have the forehead pressed, say the head is too large, or begin to rave. Afterwards it may be necessary to give Belladonna ov Bryonia. When perspiration has been checked by taking cold, and is followed by headache, earache, toothache, or pain in the bowels, give Chamomilla ; by pain in the ears alone, Rhus. 10 THE MOST COMMON CAUSES OF DISEASE. CJiamomilla, given to females in their confinement, often produces perspiration. If they complain of headache, especially on the rii^ht side, occasioned by a draugLt of cold air, — or of pain ill the neck', in consequence of sitting up and the neck having been uncovered, give Belladonna ; if the pain extends to the shoulders, being partly brought on by holding the child, Bhus will remove it; if the pain is more on the left side, is throbbing and shooting, and eflfects the lower jaw, the arms and the chest, Byronia will aftbrd relief; but if mostly confined to the tem- ple, the eye, the upper jaw, or to the chest in the region of tlie heart, Spigelia should be given. When a person, while perspiring freely, gets drenched by a shower of rain, give Rhus, Should no relief be experienced within ten or twelve hours, and if the patient had previously over-exerted himself, give Bryonia. When in the latter part of summer a sudden change takes place in the weather from hot to cold, and almost every body complains of having taken cold. Belladonna; but if the cold, wet weather continues for a long time, give Nux moschata, par- ticularly for children, women and easily affected men. For cold in the head, from wet feet give Cepa ; for cough and pains in the limbs, Rhus. For other complaints, one of the following : Chamomilla, Pulsatilla, Mercurius. For suppressed perspiration of the feet select one of the above remedies, or Cuprum or Silicea. If these give uo relief, heat some bran in an oven, and cover the bottom of a small tub with it to the depth of three or four inches, place your feet upon this and pack the remainder around the legs, so as to cover them over the calves. The bran ought to be as hot as it can be borne. Keep the feet in this bran-hath for half an hour. Checked sweating of the feet, followed by violent pains in the legs, has been cured by putting the soles of the feet upon hot bricks, sprinkled with table salt. If catarrh results from a cold, and the patient can neither smell nor taste, give Pulsatilla. For catarrh, with heat in the eyes and head, soreness of the nose, give Belladonna. If the nose is entirely stopped up, Kux vomica or Ipecacuanha. If northeast wind, blowing from the sea, causes a running CHAP. II. CONSEQUENCES OF COLDS. 11 cold in the head, worse at night and in the room, better in the open air, with headache, running of the eyes, heat and thirst, take Ocpa. If a catarrh has been checked by fresh exposure to cold, the pa- tient is worse in the afternoon, or is dejected and fretful, give Pulsatilla ; if he is worse at night or towards morning, or very cross, sensitive, and excited, China. If an eruption has been checked, give Ipecacuanha^ and if that does not avail. Cuprum. In some cases, Byronia, Pulsa- tilla^ Sulphur^ or Nux moschata may be given, according to the symptoms. If the recovery from catarrh has been impeded by a fresh cold, attended with pain over the eyes, worse on the right side, the face flushed, Belladonna ; if the pain is worse on the left side and the face pale, SjJigelia. Cough. — When catarrh is accompanied by cough, or when a dry cough remains after the first symptoms have disappeared under the action of other medicines, give Nux vomica. If the cough is dry and excites vomiting, Ipecacuanha ; if it is hollow and causes vomiting, Carlo vegetahilis ; if accompanied with tough expectoration, particularly with children in winter, Cha- momilla ; if loose, Dulcamara or Pulsatilla ; (see "Cough," in Part II. ;) if the cough returns with every blast of cold air, give Phosphoric acid ; if it returns every time that a foot or arm is exposed when in bed, and is hollow and fatiguing, give Hepar ; if the cough becomes worse after going to bed, is always worse when getting warm in bed, Nux moschata. When the cough is caused by cold air, is dry and convulsive, with vomiting, or the expectoration is spotted or streaked with blood, if accompanied by a stitch in the side, or by headache, pain under the ribs, or if the cough is caused by a tickling in the throat, and the chest feels sore after it, and when the pulse is hard and quick, giveBryonia; but when the pulse is not very hard, if there is soreness in the chest after or during the cough, not stitches but more a burning sensation in the chest, oppression and palpitation, give Garbo vegetahilis. , Difficulty of Breathing. — When, after taking cold, the 12 THE MOST COMMON CAUSES OF DISEASE. patient appears as if suffocating, give Ipecacuanha^ which may be repeated every half hour or hour if necessary. If not relieved by this, Arsenicum. Sometimes other remedies prescribed for asthma are preferable, viz., Nux vomica^ Cuprum or Sambucus. DiARRHCEA. — When immediately after taking cold diarrhoea appears, give Opium qyqtj time the bowels are moved. If this does no good, or if the diarrhoea does not appear for a day or so afterwards, and is attended with pain in the bowels, or other symptoms, give Dulcamara. In diarrhoea without pain, and commencing during the day, or if worse in the day-time and better at night, give Ferrum; worse after midnight or towards morning, give Phosphoric acid, if produced by eating ice-cream, or drinking ice- water, compare Part I., Chapter IV. If, during warm weather, diarrhoea was caused by taking cold while in perspiration, or by cold bathing, with heat in the head, slight pain in the bowels ; or if the pit of the stomach and the abdomen are sensitive to pressure, or the stools contain undigested food, Bryonia. If discharges of undigested food follow the drinking of bad water, and Bryonia proves ineffectual, give China. For diarrhoea, with flatulency, cutting pains about the navel during the evacuation, straining and great weakness at the same time, discharges of mucus and blood, or if the patient has drunk spirituous liquors, give Nux vom,ica. If there is much blood and mucus discharged, give the reme dies recommended for dysentery. If tedious, but not violent, Sulphur. Pain in the Bowels. — If the pain is violent, spasmodic, pressing, particularly before evacuations; if the latter are acrid, thin, brownish, and produce burning in the rectum, give China. For cramp-like pains under the ribs, moving from right to left, completely prostrating diarrhoea ; in chilly people with white coated tongue, bad smell from the mouth, always headache in the morning, dull and sleepy during the rest of the day, give Nux moschata. CHAP. II. CONSEQUENCES OF COLDS. 1 3 If violent, tearing, twitching, with a sensation as if tlie .ntes- tines were in motion, if the patient cannot remain quiet, but runs about ; if it appears as if a large ball wei'e in the side, or as if the whole abdomen were hollow, with vomiting and retch- ing, the diarrhoea watery, slimy or greenish, with a smell like bad eggs, give Ghamomilla. For diarrhoea from exposure to the night air, greenish and watery, with much pressure before the discharge, a disposition to faint, the pains about the navel pressing, below the navel griping, with a constant uneasy sensation, as if to evacuate, rumbling in the belly, griping in the pit of the stomach, tear- ing pains in the abdomen, which feels cold to the hands, with nausea, shivering and chills, give Mercurius. If partly caused by a disordered stomach, after eating pork, rich pastry, and the like, worse in the afternoon, evening, or during the night, if the wind rolls about in the stomach, or if the belly is sensitive to pressure, give Pulsatilla. The same to pregnant women, when the pains resemble labor pains. For a disposition to cry, pains almost unbearable, great sensitiveness and sleeplessness, Coffea. When the pains are so violent as to drive the patient almost mad, give Ghamomilla ; if the pains are always worse in the open and cold air, but better in warm air, and the patient is very changeable, give Nux moschata. For Headache, from cold, with rush of blood to the head, increased by walking or going up stairs, at every step, or on stooping; worse in the open air, with a feeling as if the head would burst, give Belladonna. If the headache is more a pressure on single small spots, with buzzing in the ears, or difficult hearing, give Dulcamara; if it feels as if the brain was loose, and as if it did strike against the skull when shaking the head ; headache after breakflist, or worse after every meal, with giddiness and sleepiness, give ^«cr moschata. If caused by a draught of air, and merely external, give Nux vomica ; if internal, give Belladonna ; if caused by bathing, 3 14 THE MOST COMMON CAUSES OF DISEASE. and Belladonna does not cure it, if accompanied by nausea, giddiness, disordered stomach, worse when smoking tobacco, give Antimonium crudum, or, according to the symptoms, JBryonia. Affections op the Eyes. — Compare what is recommended for " Diseases of the Ej'es." Dulcamara will often relieve. For much pain, heat, inflammation, acrid tears, and inability to bear the light, give Belladonna, and if this does not cure it, Mercurius ; if this fails, Hepar. In dimness of vision, so that the patient is unable to read, and sees sparks before the eyes, or when the eyes are affected after every cold, give Dulcamara, Sulphur, or Calcarea. Affections of the Ear. — Constant buzzing in the eara and difficult hearing indicate Dulcamara ; if they return again and again. Sulphur or Bryonia. Tearing externally, shooting internally, the ear dry, indicate Chamomilla. Tearing, shooting, aching pains, Nux vomica; great disposition to cry, the ear moist or running, or hot and red, and tearing, twitching pains into the face, Pulsatilla ; when it tears and shoots, with much buzzing, the ear not so hot and red, but excoriated by matter, or blood is discharged, the glands around the ears or of the throat are swelled, give Mercurius ; and if the heat, redness, and pulsating pain remain, if there is shooting when blowing the nose, or buzzing and throbbing, give Hepar. Ear-ache of children, from a cold, is often relieved by Hhus. If a running, with buzzing and burning in the ears, still remain, give Sulphur. Toothache. — Toothache, from cold, usually yields to Oha- momilla, Rhus, or Nux moschata. See " Toothache," Part II. Patients subject to toothache whenever they take cold, should take a dose of China, and- afterwards, Mercurius, or Sulphur. Soke Throat.— Affections of the throat, from cold, will in most cases yield to Belladonna, Dulcamara, Mercurius, or Sul- phur. See Part II. When caused by drinking very cold water, or by exposure CHAP. IT. CONSEQUENCES OF COLDS. 15 of the throat, Belladonna is to be preferred ; when the cold is general, Dulcamara. When the throat is constantly dry and hot, with frequent eflbrts at swallowing, much saliva in the mouth, or the tonsils are swollen; if speaking and swallowing cause shooting pains ; if the patient hawks much, swallows wnth difficulty, is in dread of suffocation, the throat seems too nar row, what he drinks regurgitates through the nose, if he is very hasty, give Belladonna ; and if this affords no relief, Sul2:)hur, "When the pains are less violent, the tongue appears paralyzed, there is much perspiration, sometimes offensive, without giving any relief, the patient is more quarrelsome, give Dulcamara ; if this fails, Mercurius, or one of the other remedies presciibed under " Sore Throat," in Part II. Nausea and Yomiting. — When these symptoms appear after a cold, particularly when a rash or other eruption has been suppressed, the best, is Ipecacuanha. If it does not answer, and the vomiting is sour or bitter, with many empty eructations, give Belladonna ; if nothing but tough phlegm, is thrown up, Dulca mara ; if it returns after exercise, eating, speaking, or when riding, or after sleep, Cocculus. If it returns from every motion of the body, and the patient is, notwithstanding, unable to keep quiet; very weak, thirsty, but every drink makes him worse, give Arsenicum. For spasms, wdth nausea, Cuprum. See Chap- ter IV. Pains in the Limbs.— When the parts affected feel uneasy, so as to require constant change of position, every thing feeling as if too hard to rest upon, and the limbs as if benumbed or strained, the patient complains even when a person is walking across the room, or is approaching him, give Arnica. But if the pains are attended with fever, Aconite, until the fever abates; and then, after several hours, Arnica. In some cases it will be better to give Arnica and Aconite alternately, regulating the length of the intervals by the increase or decrease of the symp- toms. Should they not be sufficient refer to " Eheumatism," Part II. If the pains are w^rse when lying down, and at night, with 16 THE MOST COMMON CAUSES OF DISEASE. lameness or coldness of the limbs, with pale swelling or burning in the feet, or with redness and swelling of the big toe, with a stiff neck, the skin very dry, or offensive perspiration without relief, give Dulcamara or Mercurius. If the same symptoms return after every cold, with uneasi- ness at the approach of other persons, or when attempting to swallow ; worse while sitting or lying, but better when walking about, with a swelling and rending, burning and throbbing pains in the great toe, give Phosphoric acid. For swelling of the knees, lumps on the joints of the hands and fingers, give Sulphur, and later, Calcarea. When taking cold causes /ever, give Aconite. If, after two or three doses, the fever still increases, select one of the following : Nux vomica or Chamomilla ; Belladonna or Dulcamara ; Ignatia or Pulsatilla. In general, the following medicines answer best in complaints from cold ; in acute and inflammatory affections, Coffea, AconHum, Chamovtilla, Rhiis, Niix vomica, Fulsatilla, BcJladonna, Colcynthis. When less violent. Dulcamara and Ipecaaianha. "When tedious and often returning, and the patient has formerly taken too much mercury, Carbo t>egetahiUs, Sulphur, or China. If these do not relieve, Silicea or Hepo.r. If these affections result from bathing, Brj/ouia, Antimonium cnidum. Sulphur, or Nux moschafa, and after a few weeks, Carbo vgetabllis or Calcarea. When the patient cannot perspire, Chamomilla or China, Arsenicum or Silicea. When the perspiration is too copious, Mercurius, Phosphoric acid, Carbo vegetabilis, Sulphur or Hepar. When a person takes cold very easily, he should abstain from the use of coffee and spirituous liquors ; use more cold drinks than warm ; wash himself frequently in cold water, and accustom himself more and more to the air in every kind of weather; this custom will gradually diminish the disposition to take cold, and finally remove it entirely, particularly if the patient takes some of the following medicines : Coffea, Belladonna, Nux moschaia, Nux vomica, China, Dulcamara ; or Silicea, Carbo vegetabilis, Calcarea. The latter three must not be taken too frequently, but only at long intervals. If one is much afraid of the cold air, yet feels worse in the warm room, give Apium virus ; if he has a great desire to go abroad, but takes cold every time he does so, Cepa. If, after using the means recommended above, there should still remain the same susceptibility, and the patient is chilled by every draught of cold air, let him take Nux vomica or Chamomilla. If exposure to cold produces pain, Arsenicum. If the patient has already chilblains, let him take the remedies prescribed under "Chilblains;" if affected by every blast of cold air, Bryonia or Rhus, Nux moschatu, Veralrum, or Mercurius, and if they do not answer, Carbo vegetabilis or Calcarea, according to circumstances. If he cannot bear the wind, Carbo vegetabilis; if not a draught, i^e//ix vomica; better, Pulsatilla. If the headache is worse when walking, with a booming, shaking sensation, give Nux vomica; or if the head feels heavy, as if the patient were intoxicated, with buzzing and heaviness in the forehead, pale, haggard countenance, nausea, chilliness, weakness and crossness, Nux vomica. When the head feels as if empty and light, the patient cannot bear the light, worse when lying down, give Pulsatilla. When the head trembles, is light, the fece flushed blue circles around the eyes, the mouth perfectly dry without fhlrst, loathing of food, nausea to fainting, fulness of the st )m&ch, Oppressed breathing, if worse in the air, from speaking or drink- ing coffee, if the patient is very sad and troubled by f.ightful dreams, give Cocculus. If greatly excited in the evening, does not sleep well, is weary when rising, China; if complaining of feeling sore all over. Arnica. The effects of late hours and late suppers may be coui> CHAP. III. CONSEQUENCES OF OVERHEATING, EVO. 23 teracted by Pulsatilla or Nux vomica^ according to the above indications, or by Carlo vegetabilis; see "Consequences of In- toxication." Confinement and much Mental Application. If the confinement produces symptoms of Dyspepsia, and if the patient has been accustomed to drink coffee or spirituous liquors, Nux vomica, taken in the evening, will often have a good effect; if after four or five days it gets worse again, give Sul- phur, which may be repeated in three or four weeks, if neces- sary. When the head is more affected, Nux vomica is a good remedy, and afterwards Belladonna, sometimes Pulsatilla. See " Headache." If all these medicines prove ineffectual, and if every exertion of the mind causes headache, give Calcarea If there is merely a sensation of giddiness, as if drunken, give, according to the temperament of the persons, Pulsatilla or Nux vomica. Toothache, cough, and other complaints caused by mental application, yield often to Nux vomica. Excesses Injure body and mind more than anything else. If they consist in intem- perance in eating or drinking, apply the remedies prescribed under " Dis- ordered Stomach." But if they are such as waste the very marrow and essence of the constitution, the greatest abstemiousness is a most absolute condition, together with which the following remedies may do much good : The principal remedy, and the one which should be given first, but which may be given repeatedly after other remedies, is China. Afterwards, and when the patient regrets much his vicious conduct, give Phosphoric acid. Look also under the head of the special complaint of the patient, and select in preference such remedies as China, Phosphoric acid, Staphisagria, Nux vomica, or Suljjhur and Dulcamara, the one or the other, which- ever may seem to suit best. The same treatment is recommended when the patient has lost his strength by self-abuse ; give in the beginning China, or Sia- phisagria, or Nux vomica; later Phosphoric acid, Sulphur or Cal- carea. The patient should be persuaded to leave off his bad habits, 24 THE MOST COMMON CAUSES OF DISEASE. and encourageu to constant occupation, or even hard work ; he should eat s{)aringly, take little sleep, abstain from all spirituous liquors, avoid bad company, and abstain from reading books calculated to excite the passions. Should a morbid irritation trouble the patient, which is often the case with children, select in preference among the following medicines: China, Mercu- rius, Carbo veyeiahilis, Nux vomica, Pulacuilla, Slaphinayria or Ai'iimonium crudvin, Sihcea, Platinvvi, Calcarea or Colocynth. Frequently, when China and Carlo vei/efabilis are insufiBcient, Mercurin^ will effect more ; if not, SuU p/itir. Besides these, Coffta, Opium, Aconite, L/nutia, may be indicated. These remedies may all be given dry, or in water, and repeated according to circumstances. All those who have become so much debilitated by excesses, that they are easily affected by every little current of air, or cold, wet weather, or are very peevish and fickle, will be relieved by Nnx moschata. If these vices have so weakened the constitution, that the effects appear even after marriage, although then living moderately, give, if the head is much affected, Calcarea. For great weakness and trembling of the legs, the same; for asthma, Sfaphisa:a(iria. The same remedies may be given for the bad effects of chewing tobacco. Knx vomica, ChamomiUa, Pulsutilla or Coccuius, and sometimes Cxprnm or Arsenicrnn. Tedious consequences of immoderate smoking or chewing, are difficult to cure ; nervousness and weakness of the stomach are generally removed by Nux vomica or Coccuius; habitual constipation by Kux vomica, Slaphisar/ria, Mersurius. The diseases to which those who manufacture tobacco are sub- ject, cannot be removed unless the patient quits his employment. He should apply to a homoeopathic practitioner. The foregoing remedies may, however, be tried. For fJie ivjnriovs effccfs, occasioned by fpices, such as pepper, ginger and the like, give J\'ux vomica ; if from nutmeg or safrou, Ljnatia, or sometimes Opium or Coffea. Injurious Effects of Sour Food. If the bad consequences appear suddenly, they are relieved by i\*i/x vomica, If diarrhoea sets in at night or during the night ; if in the day time, by Anti- mouium crudinn ; with pain in the bowels, by Staphimgria and warm broth; by Belladonna if head and chest are affected ; by Veratmm if accompanied by much coldness ; by Lachesis if fever follows. Red eruptions like scarlatina J CHAP. VI. EFFECTS OF THE MEDICINES HITHERTO, ETC. 39 or rash, with pains in the throat from oi'anges, lemons, or other sour fruits, are cured by Belladonna or Rhus. Lon? lastingr consequences are relieved by Cdlcarea or Caiisiicuni, according to the symptoms. Other symptoms from the use of sour things may yield to Arseninim or Sulphur. Arsenicum for persons who have too much appetite and eat too much ; Sulphur for such who have a constant craving for sweet things. When acids aggravate the symptoms of a case, give Belladonna or Lachenis. If a craving for acids and sour food, Ar.senicuni,. Arnica, Belladonna, China or Lachesis. Arsenicum if there is a loathing of all except sour food. If the craving is merely for sour drinks, give Bryonia; Natrum niuriaticuni. for con- stant sour taste. For heart-burn and vomiting after sour victuals, give Ferrum ; for vomiting of a watery fluid after the use of acids. Phosphorus. For disordered stomach from acids, Arsenicum or Lachesis, in obstinate cases alternately. For diarrhoea from the use of acids and sour fruits, Lachesis ; if from fruits merely, China. See Chapt. lY. Part I. CHAPTER VI, EFFECTS OF THE MEDICINES HITHERTO IN GENERAL USE, AND REMEDIES TO COUNTERACT THESE EFFECTS. When sudden and dangerous symptoms appear after administering a dose of physic, we may take it for granted that the patient is poisoned, and we must look under the head of " Poisoning." There is no poison in the world which, by the old system of medicine, has not been tried on sick persons as a remedy. Vegetable poisons are often more rapid and violent in their action than mineral poisons, and produce the same strong and lasting bad effects. Animal poisons are even more violent than vegetable poisons. The boasts of nostrum venders i-especting the innoxious effect of their alleged vegetable medicines, are nothing but deception and humbug. It is true, there are some herbs which do not produce any dangerous effects, and some medicines are not very injurious ; but even these should not be given without due consideration, nor in large quantities for any length of 'time. For it is certain, that if you give the proper medicine, very Httle will suffice, and if you give an improper one, the larger the dose the more inju- rious it will prove. In large and frequently repeated doses every medicine may, therefore, be considered a poison. Many children have died of chamomile tea; and more people are, even now, killed by quinine than by the fever and ague. Formerly the cause of their death was not known, and the thing was called by a different name. Of a hundred persons who die of dropsy, eighty, at least, have been made dropsical by bleeding and the irrational administering of drugs. Ask only, how often such persons have been bled, or what quantities of medicine they have swallowed, such as calomel, quinine, cathartics, sulphur, iron, laud- anum and other narcotics, and you will see how the dropsy has originated. 40 THE MOST COMMON ' CAUSES OF DISEASE. When a person has taken snch vile ira^^h. or given it to children upon the recommendation of physicians or apothecaries, the evil may be remedied by observing the following directions : Herb Teas As chamomile and similar ones ; if they cause a great deal of pam, or if they increase the jiains, which the patient had before, give Coff-'a, and afterwards, if required, Xux vnnica; for nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea, Pulsatilla; Pul- satilla also if chamomile tea has increased the colic and other pains of females at the commencement of the courses. If it has caused violent fits and con- vulsions in children, give Ljnatia: for fever and heat with great sensibility and excitement, Coffm ; for fever, heat, tearing, drawing pains, less when moving. Aconite. Opium or Laudanum Often produces' dangerous consequences ; — see what is said about it under " Poisons." Results arc produced by it, which were not anticipated, particu- larly when an ignorant practitioner applies it in injections, where its effects are often more powerful than when taken into the stomach. For the linger- ing effects of laudanum, which never fail to appear, sooner or later, ask tho advice of a physician. It will be well to give, from time to time, Coffea and sometimes Merctirius, which should be allowed to operate a week, or longer Sometimes Nux vomica or Belladonna. Peruvian Bark, Quinine, &c., Next to opium and mercury, most frequently undermine the constitutiou, and occasion incurable diseases. Should the patient escape death, he will be troubled for years by the effects of bark. It is more difficult to expel quinine from the system, than mercury ; and he who pretends that this can be effected by cathartics, is utterly ignorant of pliysic. It enters the blood and all the fluids, and no purging in the world will remove it. To relieve the patient from its effects, will require patience, but it may be gradually accomplished by the following means. The chief medicine, in most cases, is Ipecacuanha. For rheumatic pains, heaviness, prostration, soreness- in all the limbs, drawing pain in the bones, great sensitiveness of every part of the body ; when exercise, speaking, blowing the nose or loud sounds aggravate the pains, give Arnica. When the body is cold, with cold perspiration, constipation or diarrhoea, Veratrnm. For consumptive cough and expectoration, let the patient drink an infusion of Iceland moss. For jaundice give Mercurius, and later, perhaps, Belladonna. For heat in the face, determination of blood to the head, much pain in the head, face and teeth, give Belladonna. For earache, Pidsatilla. For swelling of the feet Ferrum. For ulcers on the legs, dropsy, short cough and short- ness of breath, Arxenicum. For dropsy and other swellings, Rhus. If there are other complaints, look under the respective heads, and select the medicine accordingly; the following will in many cases be found pre- ferable : Sulphur, Calcarea, Carho rcgelabtlis, China. When bark has been given in intermi'tent fever, and the disease has been CHAP. VI. EFFECTS OF THE MEDICINES HITHERTO, ETC. 41 bungled, another and worse complaint than the fever makes its appearance ; or the fever remains, and is now more difficult to cure. If the fever has been suppressed, and earache, toothache, headache and pains in the limbs make their appearance, give Fulsati/la, and if this fails, Calcarea. For affections of the stomach give Ipecacuanha or PuIsailUa ; for swelling, Arnica, Arsenicum or Fernnn, and select, according to circumstances one of the remedies recommended above. If the intermittent fever continues, as it often does, notv,-ithstanding large quantities of bark or quinine may have been taken, give first Ipecacuan/ni, which will mostly prove efficacious : afterwards, if required, Arsenicum or Carbo vegi'tabilis ; sometimes Cliina, Veratrum, Arnica; and sometimes Bel- ladonna, Mercurius, Sulphur and Culcarea will efJ'ect a cure. Other Drugs. When the mixtures which the unfortunate patient had to swallow, con- 'tained Conium or Cicuta, Digitalis, Laurocerasus or Acidum Hydrocyanicum, it is sometimes scarcely possible to save him, unless a good constitution throws it off, assisted by proper living, fresh air and the drinking of much water. After taking Digitalis, even in small doses, if continued for a time, danger- ous symptoms very often follow suddenly, which are generally relieved by repeated smelling of camphor, sometimes by vinegar or wine in drop doses. Smelling of ether or chloroform makes them worse. Later, according to circumstances, Glonoine, Opium, Nux vomica or Ignalia. Be careful not to give China. Persons who have swallowed much Assafcetida, or much Valerian and other drugs which enter largely into the composition of some quack pills, are generally in a very critical situation. China or Mercurius sometimes oun- teracts the effects of Assafcetida ; Coffea, Nux vomica, Chamomilla or Sulphur those of Valerian ; Pulsatilla and Nux vomica those of Colchicum ; the very dangerous diarrhoea from large doses of this so-called remedy for the gout, will be relieved by a few drops of the tincture of opium, one drop to be taken every half hour, five or six times. Belladonna, Bri/onia and Arnica those of Senega ; Mercurius or Belladonna those of Sarsaparilla. If a person feels bad effects soon after the application of a blister of spurge- laurel (mezereum,) let him first smell camphor, and afterwards, if these effects appear in the mouth or in the bones, give Mercurius; and if they appear more in the limbs, Bryonia or Rhus. If the application of Spanish-flies produces bad symptoms, let the patient smell camphor frequently, and, if this does not counteract them, give Acoiiite or Pulsatilla. When children have taken much rhubarb, and are consequently troubled with much flatulency and slimy diarrhoea, give Nux vomica; if they have sour vomitings during the night, clayey stools and diarrhoea, Pulsatilla; if they have sour stools, green or mixed with blood, Mercurius ; bad colic and green evacuations, Chamoviilla ; and if the colic does not get better, Colocyntli. Effects of Magnesia. If a person has taken magnesia and feels poorly, particularly after calcined magnesia, let him smell sweet spirits of nitre ; if he cannot sleep, give CoJ'ea , 4:2 THE MOST COMMON CAUSES OF DISEASE. if it, produces violent pains in the bowels, Chamomilla ; and if they are very bad, without much or any evacuation, give Colocyidh ; if no evacuation follow? in twenty-four liours, give Nux roviicu; if the patient has violent pains, and is burning with fever, give Arsenicum ; but if the magnesia has [iroduced sour thin purging with colic, Jlheum ; and if this fails, FulsaiiUa. The same reme- dies should be given if similar effects are produced by Epsom salts. Effects of Sulphur and Iodine. The effects of sulphur are occasionally as bad as those of mercury, and the tedious complaints which it produces as difficult to cure. If a person feels unwell soon after having used it, he should smell camphor; if this does not relieve him and when the pains are violent, particularly in the head, accom- panied by heat, let him take Aconite; later, when the complaint has become tedious, Mercurius or Pnlsidilla, and sometimes, according to circumstances, Silicca. For the bad effects of sulphurous vapors from the lighting of matches, from which children often get coughs, shortness of breath and pains in the throat and chest, Pulsatilla is the best remedy. If sul|)hur has been given to children, in conformity to a notio.n of its bene- ficial effects entertained by some parents, especially in the spring of the year, and it had occasioned fever, with cutting pains in the bowels ; or if eruptions, for which it was given, should have been suppressed, or when very painful boils ensue. Belladonna is very often efficient; care is, however, to be taken after- wards, to guard the children from taking cold, not by keeping them in warm rooms, but by preventing their being in draughts, or sitting on the ground, &c. AVhen patients suffer from iodine or iodide of potassium, administered as it usually is, in large doses and for a long time, give Hepar, 3rd trit. Effects of Mercury. This is the universal elixir of the quacks in all diseases, who, whilst they pretend to restore their patients to health, destroy their constitutions. It is administered as calomel in powders, or dissolved as corrosive sublimate, or in pills — those abominable blue pills. Beware of all prescriptions in which names like the following occur: Calomel, Merc. subl. conos., Merc, prae- cipit.. Hydrargyrum, Hydrarg. chloridum. Hydrarg. bichlorid., Argent, viv. People are frequently imposed upon by being told that mercury can be expelled again by taking aperient medicines after it. Those who hold such language, close their eyes to the effects which ensue from taking mercury ; for, supposing it was as easy to remove the calomel as it was to swallow it, the effect produced upon the body will certainly remain : just as if you were to drive a nail into a man's leg and then pull it out again — the hole will remain, it will heal after a while, but requires time and a rational mode of treatment, or the consequence may be very serious. To give aperient medicines then for the effects of mercury, is about as sensible as if I were to insert a wooden peg in the wound made by the nail, and imagine it to be all right again. Mercury, in all its preparations, however, cannot be expelled again so easily, and least of all by purgatives, as it immediately pefietrates every part of the system, the fluids, the glands, and even the bones. This is the reason why the slow poisoning by mercurial medicines 'is far more difficult to cure than a natural disease ; it always requires much time, and in many cases mitigation of the sufferings is all that art can effect for the patient CHAP. VI. EFFECTS OF THE MEDICINES HITHERTO, ETC. 43 In most cases, immediately as well as long after taking mercury Hepar (3rd trit.) will be found of great service, particularly for the following' symp- toms : headache during the night; loss of hair; painful lumps on the head ; inflamed, red eyes ; pains in the nose when pressed ; eruption round the mouth ; phlegm deep in the throat ; much saliva in the mouth ; ulcerated gums , swelled tonsils ; hard glands on the throat ; a pricking pain when swallowing, coughing, breathing ; vertigo in the head ; inflamed suppurating boils in the groin or arm-pit, or small ones on the chest ; thin evacuations, with a great effort, sometimes mixed with blood, slimy and green ; the urine dark red, hot and acrid ; coughing, when a hand or foot gets cold, or after drinking, some- times accompanied by spitting of blood ; whitlow, or other red, inflamed swelling on the hands and fingers, also on the knee, like rheumatism ; the skin does not heal well ; every little wound or scratch suppurates and spreads ; the skin of the hands and feet bursts; ulcers, which bleed easily, burn in the night, with throbbing and acute pain ; chilly in the air ; in the night, chills and frequent pains in the limbs ; also fever, and afterwards clammy, sour per- spiration ; the patient very sensitive, the pains almost produce fainting. It is advisable, after continuing its use for six or eight days, to await the effect of Hepar for some days ; if it produces slow improvement, wait a fort- night ; if after this the improvement does not continue, repeat the same medicine ; if the improvement was but of short duration, and it was absolutely necessary to give something. Belladonna would be the best ; the same will answer when Hepar has been given two or three times, once every fortnight, and has lost its efiScacy. For complaints of the mouth and throat, for swelling of the tonsils, and deafness, give Hepar and Belladonna, and if they produce no change, Staphits- agria. For great sensitiveness to the weather ; violent pains, particularly during the night, worse when touched ; great weakness ; when the patient has been debilitated by much purging and salivation, give China; and if this, after a week, has no further effect, Carbo vegetabilis, particularly if change of weather makes the patient worse. If, after taking some of the remedies recommended above, there still remain rending pains in the bones and gouty swellings, give Dulcamara, and after- wards Fhospkoric acid; for swellings on the bones (nodes), F/tosphoric acid, and afterwards Staphisagria ; and when this ceases to do good, Culcarea. If these medicines have been taken for a considerable time, and the com- plaint is not completely removed, try Sulphur, and some time after, one of the above remedies again. If Sulphur gives relief, take several weeks afterwards Culcarea, and after that some other suitable medicine, for instance, Luchesis. If a person has taken much mercury, and afterwards sulphur, it will be well to give Mercurius, and then Belladonna, or PalsatiUa. When a person has taken much mercury, but no sulphur after it, and He- par should not seem to be quite indicated, according to the foregoing descrip- tion, give Sulphur. In tedious complaints, caused or aggravated by Mercury, select from the following ; Hepar. Belladonna, China, Phosphoric acid, Carbo vetictablllf!, DulC' amara, Staphisagria, Lachesis. In many cases, where immediate relief i& required. Opium, Fulsatilla, or the medicines prescribed under "'Poisoning," will answer ; in some few cases, Arsenicum, Ferrum, Rhus, or Silicea will bo available 44 THE MOST COMMON CAUSES OF DISEASE. Effects of Lead. Lead is often an ingredient in medicines, such as white ointment, plasters, Goulard's lotion, &c., which are used to dry up and cure eruptions, ulcers, bruises, burns and wounds. It is almost as poisonous, when applied exter- nally, as if it were used internally, and produces constipation, colic, cough, and complaints of the lungs. To remove these effects, give Opium Jtequeutly repeated, Glonoine, followed by Kux vomica, or Belladonna, and afterwards, if necessary, Alercurius or Flatiinim. Effects of Arsenic. If the so-called medicines contain arsenic, as Fowler's solution, which are mostly given in fever and ague, when the quinine powders will not cure it, for many slciu diseases, or for cancers, applied both internally and externally, and which generally aggravate the disease, give Ipecacuanha ; and if this does not effect some improvement, give Nux vomica; if these remedies fail, or if, from the symptoms, Veratrum, Ferrum or China seem to suit better, give one of these. Effects of Iron. Iron is frequently given as steel drops, steel pills, &c., for intermittent fever, green-sickness and complaints of the lungs ; but instead of curing the evil, it generally makes it much worse. "When the menses are not regular, and in general, when patients are weak and pale, there are some who imagine that if they be painted red inside, their outside will likewise become the more fascinating, or, that the iron will enter the system and make them strong. Iron, however, taken in large quantities, as a medicine, is injurious, as well as all the other metals, only it does not kill quite so rapidly. A proof of this assertion we find in springs which contain iron, and in which rust is formed ; neither man nor beast thrives upon this water; and even those who at last become accustomed to it, will sooner or later suffer from its effects. In cases where speedy relief must be afforded, give Pnlsatilla ovChina, and if they do not avail, H'par, and after some time the former medicines again. In all cases of poisoninf/ hij medicine, it is necessary to look under the particular complaint, and to give in preference the medicines there recom- mended. He who has already taken different medicines, and has become worse and worse by their use, will do well to lay them all aside, no matter what they are called, and should his health not improve of itself, nor from the medicines which have been recommended here, let him apply to a Competent homceopa- thic physician, and, in view of all the existing circumstances, not expect miracles It is often very difficult to give relief to the sufferer, and in most cases it takes a year or irore, before he begins to improve, provided he has ao hidden disease, which i either the old nor the new method can cure. CHAP. VIT. ADULTERATIONS ANL POISONS. 45 CHAPTER VII. ADULTERATIONS AND POISONS. "Wilful murder and suicide by poison are but rare occurrences; mjst case? of poisoning originate in the carelessness witli wliich poisonous tilings are handled, in the ignorance of their poisonous qualities, or in the wicked adul- teration .of eatables and of liquors. With the necessary knowledge, we are frequently able to avoid this danger. As it is of importance to everybody to be acquainted with the poisonous substances which threaten life, we will give some directions, how we may discover these adulterations and poisons. Wines are most frequently adulterated, and here more than elsewhere; those imported into this country have either been adulterated already by the shipper, that they might keep, or it is done here when they are near spoiling, or to make them resemble wines of better quality, or for other purposes. We will give directions how to recognize adulterated wines, that the honest dealers and venders of wine may be able to examine the articles which they purchase, and that all who have to deal with rascals may first test the wine. All those who, by the directions given below, shall discover that wine has been adulterated, and who have a spark of feeling for their fellow-men, should expose, without the least hesitation or forbearance, the persons so offending, that this horrible practice may be checked in this country. It is true, that the venders may excuse themselves by saying that they have bought the wine in that state. But the poison is there, and no one should deal in wine who does not know how to discover these adulterations, or who has not trust- worthy people from whom he orders his wines. At all events it ought to be made known that he had been deceived, and particularly by whom he had been deceived. Wines may be adulterated with harmless or noxious substances, and who- ever employs the former will employ the latter, for the distinction is but too easily overlooked. The chief harmless articles used for adulteration of wine, ai'e ivafer, sugar, brandy and various colorin'j matters ; but as these are not fraught with mischief to the health, we may pass them over and proceed to point out some adulterations which operate as a slow poison, and which may be the cause of many diseases. a) Lime or Chalk is often used to restore wine that is spoiled, or to give new wine the appearance and taste of old ; this admixture is very injurious to all who drink it. It may be detected by taking a few grains of oxalate of potash, and dissolving them in two tablespoonluls of distilled water, or in water obtained by letting the steam from the spout of a teapot, filled with boiling water, pass into a cold vessel. This solution, itself a poison, drop into a glass of wine ; if you perceive in a few minutes a whitish cloud in it, and the next day a white sediment, there is lime or chalk in the wine. Such wine drunk frequently, is apt to occasion gravel, hard glands, swellings, ulcers, sore eyes, tedious headache, diarrhoea, (tc. b) Sulphur or Brinisione is often found in wine, and many pretend that wine cannot keep without it This, however, is erroneous, and much sulphur in wine acts as a poison, particularly with persons of a consumptive habit, or who are subject to bowel or liver complaints ; in fact, it is injurious to every one who drinks it. The presence of sulphur may be easily detected by putting 46 THE MOST COM^rON" CAUSES OF DISEASE. a cloan new-laid ejrg into a tumbler, and filling it with wine : if the wine contains sulphur the eg-g will be of a blackish color in a few hours, and well polished silver teaspoons will be blackened by the same pjjpcess. Auolher test is, to drop a little lunar caustic, dissolved in water, into the wine; if a black or brownish bhick precipitate is formed, the wine contains sulphur. (■) A/iim is sometimes contained in wine, and renders it very injurious, when drank often ; a single glass will not unfrequently prove hurtful to a person of delicate health. Dissolve potash in water, filter it through blotting paper, and pour some drops of tliis solution into the wine; if it foams and pre- cipitates a white powder, there is a probability of there being alum in the wine. If yon desire a more decisive proof, apply to a chemist, or, dissolve the above mentioned white powder, in sulphuric acid diluted with water, adding a small portion of sulphate of potash. Let it evaporate on a stove and crj'stallize. Should pyramidal crystals appear, of the sweetish, astrin- gent taste of alum, the proof is positive. (I) Lead, or some other metal, is often found in sweet wines, sometimes also in other wines, and is indeed a slow poison, worse than any other adultera- tion. — A nice taste will detect metallic poison in wine, the sweetness of which is disagreeable. Dilute sulphuret of lime in water, and drop some of it into a glass of wine — if it turns brown or black, it contains metallic poison. Suspend a bit of polished zinc in the wine — delicate fibrils of lead will form upon it, if this metal is contained in the wine. Dissolve Glauber salts or sulphate of soda in lukewarm water till it becomes saturated, let it cool, then pour into a tumbler half filled with wine, as much of it as will fill the tumbler, let it stand over night, and there will remain a white sediment from the lead. If you put into a glass of wine a few drops of sulphuric acid, and the wine becomes turbid and leaves a white sediment, it contains this poison. e) Corrosive sabliiiiafe. — If you put a few drops of hartshorn into a tea- spoonful of water, and throw this mixture into a glass of wine and it leaves the least sediment, the wine contains corrosive sublimate. Another test is as follows : Put a gold coin on a piece of zinc, put both into a slit made in a small stick and hold the coin and zinc in a large tumbler full of wine. Should a gray dust immediately appear on the coin, there is corrosive sublimate in the wine. /) Ar.ieiiic. — Dissolve lime in water till the latter becomes saturated, then pour off what is clear into a clean tumbler, and drop some wine into it ; if the wine occasions white clouds, it is likely that it contains arsenic. To convince yourself more fully, dissolve sugar of lead in aquafortis, pour a wineglassful of this solution into a bottle of wine into which a little hartshorn has been previously put, and stir it. The next day pour off what is clear, and with the turbid part wash the sediment well out of the bottle, and strain it through blotting paper, till the liquid has passed off; then put the sediment after it has bei-n dried on the paper, upon live coals; if it smells like garlic, arsenic is present. Other corroborative tests for arsenic in wine or any other fluid, are, 1, the ammonio-nitrate of silver, which throws down a rich yellow precipitate of arsenite of silver, rapidly changing to a greenish-brown color; 2, ammonio- sulphate f f copper which causes a rich green precipitate, which varies in tint according to the proportion of arsenic in the solution to the quantity of the test. It is not meant to imply that arsenic exists in the wine by the intention of the wine dealer or vender; but that vintners, who fumigate their casks with sulphur, are ignorant that the finest sulphur is apt to contain arsenic, which has remained in it from its original preparation. CHAP. VII. ADULTERATION'S AND POISONS. 47 We recommend these last tests most especially to clergymen and elders, because we know for certain, that adulterated wines have been sold for .bU- gious purposes instead of genuine wines. ViNECxAR is often adulterated. If you cannot have self-made vinegar, use cider vinegar, which may always be had pure. Wine vinegar often retains the poison of the adulterated wine, from which it has been made. There ia frequently sulphuric acid in it. This you can discover by means of a solution of suL-'ar of lead, which causes a white sediment. Corroding vegetable poison is also frequently used. Such vinegar will burn on the lips, which ]>ure vine- ger will not do ; it leaves also an acrid taste in the moutli. You can ascer- tain it still more positively by dropping a solution of potash into the vinegar, until litmus paper dipped in it no longer turns red. Pure vinegar will then have lost its sharpness altogether, and only taste like salt or lye, while an adulterated article will remain of a sharp and acrid taste. Mai.t Liquors are frequently adulterated, but it is difficult to detect the poisonous ingredients, except by their pernicious effects. This is generally the case with the far-famed London brown stout or porter, which are occa- sionally adulterated with those deleterious substances, Kiix vomica, Tobacco, and Coccalns iiuh'cus. You may perceive this by a sudden intoxication and headache the next morning after drinking it, or by its producing nausea in a healthy person after drinking a tumblerful of it on an empty stomach. Any brewer who uses other substances in his beer than malt and hops, brews an injuriou?, even poisoning, drink; salt and sugar are allowable, but the effect? of other substances will sooner or later be felt by those who drink the beer It is an injurious deception to use bitter roots and herbs instead of sufficien hops and malt; but Cocciihis l.nrh'cii.i is nearly as bad us Arsenic, Alum and vitriol are sometimes used ; how they may be detected we will show in the sequel, under " Bread." The adulteration with Nitx vomica or SfrijcJuDne maybe detected by shaking half a gallon of the suspected liquor with two ounces of animal charcoal, filter- ing the liquor from the charcoal, boiling this latter for half an hour with four parts of alcohol, and proceeding with the filtered alcohol as will be stated under brandy and whisky. Braxdy and other Liquors sometimes contain poison, with or without the fault of the distiller, particularly if the fermentation proceeds too rapidly or is continued too long. This you will perceive by boiling the brandy in a bottle put into a kettle lull of water, over a slow fire, till all the spirituous parts are evaporated. An acrid, disagreeable taste proves the existence of poison ; and experiments similar to those recommended for wines will show what it is. It is usually lead. It has lately been stated in most newspapers, that the manufacturers of whisky use strychnine to increase the quantity of the liquor; if this should be really the case, the strychnine can be detected in the following way: evapo- rate a quantity of the suspected liquor over a slow fire, until only a small quantity of fluid is left, which shake, first with a little caustic potash, and then with ether ; evaporate the ether very slowly, put the residue on a piece of glass or porcelain, add a drop of strong sulphuric acid, and lastly a small crystal of bichromate of potassa, if now a deep violet tint appears, strych- nine is present. Sweet Oil is often adulterated with lead or copper. Dissolve liver of sul- 4S THE MOST COMMON CAUSES OF DISEASE. phurin water and mix the oil with an equal portion of this solution; if it turns brown or black upon being shaken, it is jioisonoiis. Milk axd Ice-Crf.am are sometimes mixed with potash or lime; by puttin,;^ some aquafortis into it, it will foam. When milk lias been adulterated wih starch, it will thicken in boilino-; or if yon strain it through fine linen, some- thing will remain behind, or a glassful of it will turn blue on the addition of a drop of the tincture of iodine. Adulteration with the brains of animals are quite frequent in large cities ; they may be detected by the microscope. Sour milk may contain zinc from being kept in vessels of that metal. Neu- tralize the whey by ammonia and add hydrosulphate of ammonia, a white set- tlement shows the presence of zinc. Butter often contains chalk, sand or dye-stuffs. Melt it in hot water, and the foreiun substance will be precipitated or mix with the water. Flour is often adulterated with sand, plaster, &c. Burn some of the flour or bread to ashes, and you will find the white grains in the ashes. Bread, a) By Potash or Soda. — A trifling admixture of potash or soda can affect only ner\'Ous, debilitated persons, but when there is much, it may prove injurious to the strongest — occasioning dyspepsia and other accidents. Pour hot water over the bread till it is quite covered, and let it get cold ; then put a strip of litmus paper into it, which has previously been reddened by being drawn through weak vinegar. If it turns blue again, there is much potash in it : the quicker it changes the more potash there is in the bread. h) By Macfnesia. — Magnesia is also used as an admixture to give to bread, baked of bad flour, the appearance of good bread. 'J'his is principally inju- rious to children and to people of weak stomachs : you may perceive it by its taste being more or less bitter. Burn a pound of such bread to ashes, and you will tind the magnesia. c) By Alum. — Alum is a very pernicious substance, and frequently used. In England the bakers made no secret of it, and mixtures of flour and alum, or alum and salt, are sold publicly, intended to make white bread out of inferior or spoiled flour, which is doubly detrimental to those who eat it, as spoiled flour is of itself unwholesome. Some bakers do it without knowing that they injure the health of their customers. To detect this adulteration, soak the bread in water, knead it till it dissolves, adding enough water to make it thin, let it remain over night, then strain it, boil it down and let it stand; the crystals of alum will be deposited and you can taste it. d) By Copper. — Copper is the worst of all adulterations, and thousands had been poisoned with it by the bakers of France and Belgium, before the physicians discovered the imposition. When a baker furnishes bread uncom- monly white, fine, large and heavy, you should be on your guard. When such bread is burned, the flame here and there burns green To convince your- self perfectly, soak some pounds of it in water, and add enough to cover the whole completely, let it get sour and stand till it becomes clear. If you sus- pend a rod of polished iron in it, and this turns ever so little red, you may be sure that the bread is poisonous, and will seriously injure the health of any one who cats it. We will now call the attention of our readers to some other poisons, which ought to be known, t!;at they may be guarded against. CHAP. VII. ADULTERATIONS AND POISONS. 49 Poisons in the Air. Old wells, caves, cellars vaults, and particularly old privies, frequently contain air that is deadly poisonous ; we should, therefore, not enter such places without proper caution, and previously purify the air by lighted straw or gunpowder, or^ by chloride of lime, or chloride of zinc. The fumes of charcoal in a close room, or the exhalations arising from smouldering wood- work may cause the death of those who sleep exposed to these dangerous influences. The dry rot in a house, which gradually destroys the timber and walls, can cause dangerous diseases to its inhabitants. Buildings in this con- dition are not tenantable, and ought to be pulled down, unless the dry rot can be removed. The smell of walls, newly whitewashed, of paint in new build- ings, or whereever much painting or varnishing has been done, particularly with poisonous green or red colors, consumes the pure, and engenders a mephitic air. Nothing that has a strong odor ought to be suffered in sleep- ing rooms; no clothes to dry; no highly scented flowers, herbs, fermenting substances, fresh hay, vermin-poison, or quicksilver — all of which will prove injurious to the sleeping — and especially to children, and to females in confine- ment. For in sleep, man is more easily affected by noxious influences; and things which he would hardly notice when awake, or the injurious effects of which he would easily overcome, may affect him seriously, and even kill him when asleep. A person may become ill from sleeping on damp ground, exposed to a draught, in sunshine or moonlight, close to a hot stove, or in an atmosphere filled with odors of any kind. Bad air makes people sleepy. If small churches are not opened during the whole week, the whole assembly on Sunday will feel sleepy in spite of the best sermon. Persons who have just recovered from a disease are very apt to become there ill again, no matter with how good an intention they came t« church. Wate.-i is often impure, and people get ill from using it. Springs which are avoided by cattle, and have a reddish or brownish sediment, are injurious. Whoever considers the loss of time which a trifling indisposition may cause to a whole family, will not deem that time lost which is spent upon improving the water. Drink no water from rivers on which, a little higher up, there are manufac- tories, from which dye-stufl's and other noxious matters run into it. Spring or well water is hard, or contains particles of lime or iron, if soap will not dissolve in it ; such water ought to be boiled before using it. You should, however, not drink too much, nor too often of it. but rather accustom your- self to rain water, if favorably situated for procuring it pure, and without the admixture of smoke and soot, it should be preserved in cisterns, or in casks slightly covered. Water contaiuing sulphurous or salty particles, ought never to be used for drinking or culinary purposes, except in cases of the greatest necessity ; for water of this kind cannot be improved by boiling. Stagnant water from ponds, pools, &c., ought not to be used ; yet, when no other can be had, it may be improved by throwing into it powdered charcoal, shaking it well, and straining it through a double linen or cotton cloth ; a good filter or drip-stone is even better for this purpose ; such water contains putrid organic particles and eggs of insects scarcely visible, which occasion tedious fevers and other diseases ; it will avail nothing to mix it with vinegar, molasses or brandy, if it has not been previously cleaned by charcoal. Bad wells ought to be well cleansed and kept covered : for the water is hurtful, when leaves or other vegetable substances are rotting in it. Pipes e 6 60 THE MOST COMMON CAUSES OF DISEASE. of copper, lead or zinc, used to convey water, render it injurious. You should always let so much water run out, as may have stood in the pipes. Pipes of marble, earthen ware, glass or gutta percha, are the best that can be used for conveying water Mii.K is often noxious, nay, poisonous, from disease of the cows — and dealers in milk not quite devoid of conscience, will rather sustain a small loss tbem- Belves, than subject others to a loss ten times heavier. Distiller's slops, continually used, never fail to produce disease in the cows, and render the milk highly injurious. to the health of the consumer. Cows, when fed for a length of time upon this innutritious substance, lose thr-ir teeth, and die. Meat of sick animals, slaughtered when they were dying, is very injurious, particularly if the animal had any eruption, or disease of the bowels. The consequences may not appear immediately, but they are certain to come some time or other. Meat, badly smoked, or, when undergoing the smoking process, not kept constantly in the smoke, or during that process exposed to frost ; sausages smoked badly or kept too long and become greasy in spots ; hams, not salted sufficiently, or taken too soon out of the pickle, and smoked at intervals, or in the spring, when they get alternately warm and cold, or kept piled upon each other in boxes, or packed when damp— particularly when they are smeary around the bones, and have a bad, rancid smell. — contain a very vio- lent poison, which, in many cases may be the cause of incurable disease. The same poison is also generated in hams and meat, when preserved with pyro- ligneous acid, instead of being smoked. You can easily know the poison which is developed in fat, or cheese, or old ham, by rubbing a portion of them on Idue litmus paper, when, if the poison is present, the paper will turn red or reddish. The same poison is contained, though in smaller quantity, in rancid bacon, rancid butter, or rancid oil. It would be best to throw away everything of this sort — yet, if you must use them, let them be well washed. This should be dune first in cold water, then in three or four times as much boiling water; let it boil about ten minutes, take it out of the water, wash it again in fresh water, and try whether it still contains the poison. Whatever has become putrified — meat, blood, eggs, cheese, fruit, particu. larly cherries, pine-apples, oranges. &c. — is hurtful, often puisonous, and nothing can be done to improve it. Meat, preserved in summer by ice, and which has acquired a certain red appearance, having no longer the proper smell of flesh, is very unwholesome food. Putrid fish, though ever so well dressed, is a very dangerous food. 'I'he gall of every animal is poison. Poison is also generated in curds and cheese prepared too damp, or with- out a sufficient quantity of salt. Vegetables and Fruits of any kind should not be eaten by anybody who does not know them well; and children ought to be early accustomed to par- take of no fruits, Jcc, unknown to them.' It is often the case, that poisonous insects infest vegetables, (cabbage in particular.) or leave their slime on them, and consequently render them very injurious. Mildew which blasts vegetables, is also poisonous. Ergot, which is frequently found in rye, is hurtful to man and beast. Also the seeds of many weeds are noxious. Dry vegeiables, containing insects and worms, ought to be carefully avoided. Nuts may taste sweet, and yet contain rank poison. Even walnuts become CHAP. VII. ADULTERATIONS AND POISONS. 51 injurious, when old and rancid, and occasion in many a child a dangerous coua-h or diarrhoea, often ascribed to a cold. Raisins, fijrs and prunes are a very good relish, provided they are perfectly sound, though there are some ]iersons who thinl; them injurious, or even look upon them only as a kind of cathartic. The soundness of these fruits is easily settled by a closer examination, which will show that the white dust adhering to the fruit and resembling sugar, (though, in some instances, it nmy be sugar,) proves to be a beautiful little grove of coral, thronged by large, bristly animalcula;. No wonder, that with children diarrhoea is produced by such bristly guests. All such things ought to be carefully washed, first in cold and then in hot water before they are used. No one should eat fruit which is half ripe on one side and rotten on the other, at least not without first cutting out whatever is spoiled. If proper attention was given to this matter, we should not be so frequently trouliled with bowel complaints in childhood, and weakness of stomach in after years. Mushrooms are sometimes poisonous. It is not true, as has been alleged, that poisonous mushrooms cause onions to turn black. The best precaution in regard to their use is. to eat none from which a milky juice exudes ; none that are old or become readily decomposed. As to all others, make inquiry and learn which are eatable. Taste them raw. and if they have anything acrid or disagreeable either in taste or smell, do not use them. Let them be well washed in cold water, have them pared and all the gnawed parts cut out. When cut up, they should be scalded with boiling water, then allowed to stand awhile, and afterwards be boiled in fresh water. Kitchen Sai,t being an indispensable article, every family should endeavor to have it pure. When salt exposed to the open air becomes easily moist, it is bad. If an ounce of fine salt does not perfectly dissolve in four ounces of cold rain water, it contains plaster of Paris, and is injurious. It is a great error to suppose that salt is absolutely wholesome, and that too much of it cannot be eaten. A small quantity suffices to make food palatable and is wholesome, but the excessive consumption of it, indulged in by many, is not only unnecessary, but even attended by great danger to the health. It causes dyspepsia, constipation, chronic catarrhs, skin diseases, &c., and many patients laboring under these affections, owe them solely to their immoderate use of this otherwise indispensable condiment. Most of the ordinary articles of food contain naturally a sufficient supply of salt in chemical combination with them, and when more is required, the cook should be entrusted with the seasoning, as salt is found to be less apt to produce its deleterious effects when combined with the food in the operations of cooking, than when added afterwards. It is highly objectionable to dip every mouthful of food in salt as we so often see done, especially in this country. Kitchen Utensils should be selected and used with care. Earthenware is often glazed with poisonous substances. Let vinegar stand in a vessel of this kind over night, and the next morning mix it with a solution of liver of sulphur in water, and if it turns black, there is poison in the glazing. Nothing acid should stand or be prepared in such a vessel. Caution is to be recommended respecting iron utensils glazed inside. Copper vessels ought never to be used in the preparation of anything that ia sour ; they should always be kept clean and p' lished, and whatever is cool-ed in them ought not to he left in them to cool, foj while cooling it will be most apt to imbibe the poison. 52 THE JI03T COMMON CAUSES OF DISEASE. The same precautious should also be obsvirved with regard to tinn(!d utensils. During the process of cooking, the tin should not be suffered to melt off! nor should the bottom of the vessel be scraped by stirring its con- tents with a spoon. It is owing in no small degree to the neglect of these things, that we hear of 80 many slow and tedious diseases which no physician can cure. All those who are so ignorant, that they will use copper vessels for pickling cucumbers or beans, in order to give them a fine green color, and then eat such trash on account of its fine appearance, or who draw vinegar from casks by a brass spigot, must not complain when they suffer from a weak stomach, or colic cramp, or nervous diseases; nor expect that a physician by any medicine can expel the copper out of the system as readily as it has been introduced. There are those who can bear it for a long time, yet the bad effects will in- evitably follow sooner or later. The copper in its metallic state is not ne- cessarily injurious when introduced into the body, but copper dissolved in vineo-ar is "always poisonous. Coppersmiths are not apt to be more ill than other people, and a person swallowing a copper coin gets rid of it without sus- taining any injury. You may have a leaden bullet in your flesh for years without detriment ; but the same lead dissolved and taken would destroy you in a few hours. Paints are noxious, because they nearly all consist of injurious metallic substances. White lead and other white colors are nothing but preparations of lead, and are as bad if prepared from bismuth or tinglass and tin. Red lead is lead combined with oxygen or acids, and vermillion or cinnabar is quicksilver combined with sulphur. Massicot, chrome, Naples and other yellow colors are compositions of lead. King's yellow, and orpiment are combinations of arsenic. Blue paints contain copper, or that virulent poison Prussic acid, as Prussian blue, Paris blue, mineral blue ; or cobalt, which, though not as pernicious as arsenic, operates badly enough ; it enters into the composition of smalts, king's blue and blue starch. Green paints consist chiefly of copper, as verdigris, mineral green, Brunswick, &c. The chrome green is very hurtful, but Scheel's green is worse, because it contains arsenic and proves injurious even by exhalation. That it contains arsenic may be proved by strewing some on live coals, when it will smell like garlic. Bronze which is used in gilding and silvering toys is composed of coppei, quicksilver, zinc, tin and bismuth. Therefore be careful with such paints, do not let their dust fly about, never use paints containing arsenic, nor suffer any to come near the things that are used in the kitchen. To small children no paint boxes nor painted wooden or leaden toys should be given, because it is actually putting poison into their hands ; colored wafers may also prove'injurious to children. Fine letter-paper, particularly that of a milk-white or green tint, contains frequently injurious ingredients, sometimes arsenic, which is shown by the smell of garlic when it is burnt. Although mineral paints are the most poisonous, yet others also contain deleterious substances. Gamboge is a powerful cathartic. Indigo causes violent cramps and swellings. Cochineal causes toothache and obstruction of urine. And we might enumerate many others. However, where painting is to be done, use in preference chalk, dyed yellow with birch leaves or cur- cuma, or blue with indigo, or green with both ; with ochre and other iron colors ; also with woad, madder, oi'leans, cochineal and carmine. In order to get rid of the smell of paint in houses that have just been painted, place in every room a basin containing unslaked lime. CHAP, VII. ADULTEEATIONS AND POISONS. 53 Of Cosmetics and "Washes, we cannot speak with any qualification, as it is known that all of them contain poison and that of the worst kind. Cos- metics that are not poisonous will not keep long, and such as do keep are poisonous. There is but one true cosmetic : that is, fresh air and water, aud a rational mode of living. To induce ladies to leave off the use of these poisons, the following method will be found most effectual. Let them, after using paint, wash themselves in the dark with water in which some liver of sulphur has been dissolved. It can do no harm, and will have the desired effect. Oil of vitriol, aqua fortis, spirits of salt, aqua regia, salts of white sorrel (called also salt of lemons and used to take out spots) are dangerous articles, and should never be left within the reach of children. Sulphuric acid much diluted is not poisonous ; aqua fortis mixed with strong spirits is not so dan- gerous ; but the others, however much diluted, operate as violent poisons. The common, or caustic potash, lunar caustic, hartshorn, unslaked and even slaked lime are dangerous substances. The injudicious use of these things given through ignorance in too powerful doses to sick or fainting persons, has been highly injurious, and, in some instances, even fatal. They ought never to be given to smell, or otherwise used, except much diluted. Alum, vitriol, saltpetre, sal ammoniac and liver of sulphur used too profusely are also injurious. Not only things containing mercury, arsenic, lead and copper, are poison- ous, but also those in which there is antimony, tin, bismuth, zinc, lunar caustic (in short, almost everything that is bought at an apothecary's shop), all minerals and chemicals are more or less dangerous. Even harmless things, improperly used, may prove so. Panaceas and Vermifuges. — The worst, the most injurious of all poisons, are those abominable panaceas, nostrums, pills, &c., which, under numerous enticing nahies, are palmed upon the public. No physician will deny that sometimes cures have been performed by them, yet every one knows how seldom this has happened. No medicine will do good unless properly applied. From the manner in which panaceas and other nostrums are extolled and recommended, it is apparent that those who offer them for sale are only anxious to find purchasers. Thus, pulmonary consumption is no fixed disease, against which a specific can be recommended. It is so very difl'erent, and in almoat every case so peculiar, that careful investigation is necessary to dis- cover its nature. The remedies must be adapted to the peculiarities of the disease. One and the same medicine cannot possibly answer in all cases. Nor can you rely upon the certificates which accompany the recommendations of these universal medicines. A case often appears worse than it actually is, and even medical men may be deceived, while at the same time a trifling medicine, sometimes simply cold water, will cure it. The great number of universal medicines which we see extolled as specifica for various diseases, certainly reflects no great credit on the inhabitants of this country. It proves the ignorance and credulity of the purchasers. He who buys and uses such articles may be compared to him who buys a lottery ticket. The ticket venders are the only persons certain of a large profit. As many blanks as there are in a lottery, so many are there in these universal medicines ; and the number of prizes in the one and of cures in the other are about equal. No man of setae will venture in a lottery, if he cannot spaie the money. 6* 54 THE MOST COMMON CAUSES OF DISEASE. which in all probability will be lost. But he who ventures in a medical lot- tery, not only loses his money, but, if he does not get a prize, receives certain injury, rendering his case worse, more obstinate, and more difficult to cure. When a physician prescribes medicine for you, you know at least what you get, and should it prove injurious, it may at least be counteracted ; if you liave not taken too much of such medicine, or persisted in the u^^ of it lor too long a time, it is always possible to repair the injury thai has been done. But with those unknown universal medicines this is impossible ; because we do not know what we are to treat. Whoever relies upon the impudent asser- tion that nothing injurious is contained in these nostrums, must be credulous indeed. We have mentioned already in the preceding pages, that the poison from many plants is as virulent as that from minerals. Many of these universal medicines contain, also, mineral poison. For instance, the colorless fever drops contain arsenic; the imperial pills mer- cury; and so with many others. ISIany things of this kind are sold at an enormous price, and the ingredients of which they consist may be had in every apotliecary's shop for a tenth part of their cost; for instance, Haarlem oil is nothing but a combination of sulphur with oil, and the value of a vial full is less than a halfpenny. So it is with all others. There is not a single one of these pretended secret medicines that a real physician might not have discovered and made known. A physician can apply every medicine in its proper place : the vender of nostrums cannot — his object is to make money ; whether his medicine kills or cures is a secondary consideration. Beware of giving children the so-called worm medicines. Whoever is so inconsiderate as to till the stomachs of his children with such trash, should first try these nostrums on himself, and every morning take a small spoonful It will soon cure him of his folly. This remark applies, also, to remedies for vermin on the head. These remedies in general are poisonous. Cleanliness is the best remedy, and should frequent washing and combing not avail, rub oil or a little tobacco juice into the hair. Cleanliness will also exterminate all other descriptions of domestic vermin, therefore, do not run the risk of having poisonous reme- dies in the house, for they often contain corrosive sublimate or somethuig similar, and their very smell is injurious Camphor or even musk is frequently made use of against moths in fur and clothes, but their odor, especially in bed-rooms, is very injurious. Camphor is, likewise, apt to affect colors, and the effects of musk continue even after it has evaporated. Pieces of Kussia leather, lavender, thyme, spirits of tur- pentine, or tobacco leaves, will answer equally as well. Yermin in grain are more easily expelled by strong smelling plants, and frequent shifting, than by poison ; and there are many instances, where, not. withstanding the utmost precaution, men have been killed instead of vermis. OHAP. Vni. POISONING. 65 CHAPTER VIII. OF POISONING. WTiat is to be done in cases of Poisoning. The main object is to expel the poison as quickly as possible and to prevent its spreading ; or to render innoxious what cannot be expelled. Much depends upon promptness. Yet too mu(di haste frequently leads to mistakes, and nervous agitation causes many to act without consideration. The first requisition is presence of mind. Whoever is possessed of this, should act, and direct what is to be done. Let him dispatch the bystanders after what may be wanted, thus rendering those useful who would otherwise be worse than useless. In most cases when poison has been taken into the stomach, the principal object is to excite vomiting, particularly when the sufferer feels inclined to it; or if vomiting has already taken place, to promote it. The best means of effecting this is by administering tepid water, and tickling the throat with a soft feather ; a feather from the tail of a peacock is the best, on account of its length and softness ; put some oil on it, push it down the throat, turning it now and then, until vomiting has been produced. Let water be heated as quickly as possible ; in the mean time take the white of eggs and beat them to a froth. Take pure white Castile soap and let suds be made. Let another person procure sugar, vinegar, sweet oil, milk and butter. Have some strong coQee made, and gruel of oatmeal, barley, linseed, or meal of any kind. These articles are usually to be found in every family. Whilst you are promoting vomiting and procuring what is requisite, ascer- tain, if possible, what kind of poison the sufferer has taken. Sometimes a sudden case of sickness is erroneously attributed to poison. Consider, there- fore, what may be the most probable cause of the attack, and should any uncertainty exist, do not hurry yourself. You may do many things at random without doing any injury; you will have to do this until you attain certainty. There is reason to apprehend poison, when violent, dangerous symptoms, F.uch as are indicated below, occur suddenly, particularly if these show them- selves at once, or soon after the sufferer has been eating or drinking. The probability will be still greater, if the patient has eaten any thing unusual. Be therefore diligent in inquiring of the sufferer himself, as well as of those about him, where he has been, with whom, and so forth. Preserve carefully what he has thrown up, and likewise whatever may have been left of his meals or drink. Do not suffer these things to be thrown away, although they should become putrefied; for mineral poison can be traced notwithstanding: a matter which may prove interesting to the patient, or his relatives. kShould this be a matter of importance, throw the whole together into one vessel, and pour plenty of strong brandy over it. As in every serious case of the kind, an experienced physician, or an apothecary, will no doubt be called in, let him subsequently examine these things. The treatment must not, however, be deferred: the assistance must be 66 THE MOST COirMON CAUSES OF DISEASE. immediate, and while it is heinff rendered, the cause must, if possible, be ascertained. Always consider, that he "who is poisoned may die, if you apply too many things, or proceed with too much haste or violence. Keflect, and do Camphor, finally, is applicable to diminish the effects which medicine may have produced ; vvhen children fall sick after taking the usual preposterous worm medicines , in accidents from tobacco, bitter almonds, and medicines ihat have the smell of these things, or cherry stones, peach kernels, acorns, or nuts. It is very useful for the pains left by the use of phosphorus, poisoning by minerals, or acids, and particularly salty things. When everything has been ejected from the stomach, let the patient smell camphor from time to time. This may also be done in poisonings by mushrooms, or in accidents caused by inhaling the fumes of coal or charcoal. The ingredients sometimes requisite, such as charcoal, lye, kitchen salt, starch, green tea, tobacco, are in most families ; the other things often a.s necessary, such as magnesia, spirits of nitre, spirits of hartshorn, ought to be kept likewise, being useful not only in cases of poisoning, but in many other diseases. In cases of poisoning, things of this kind can only be serviceable 60 THE MOST COMMON CAUSES OF DISEASE. if the poison is perfectly known. They will be mentioned in their propei place. From the preceding remarks it is evident, that, in cases of poisoning, i measures ought to be immediately adopted : ' 1st. To excite vomiting. 2d. 'I'o lessen the effect of the poison. At first you will have to attend to both alternately, subsequently to the latter object only. The usual emetics are poisonous, and may therefore prove injurious ; it is, therefore, best to excite vomiting by the following means: Drinking lukewarm water, as much and as often as possible. Tickling the throat; and only when this proves ineffective, Snuff put upon the tongue ; or in cases in which this has no effect, Ground mustard with salt in water ; and only in cases where nothing can be introduced into the mouth, Injections of the smoke of tobacco. But if the symptoms are very urgent and it is thought advisable to empty the stnmach as soon as possible, the stomach-pump must be applied. The principal remedies to lessen the effects of the poison, when it is unknown, are, if there is great pain, water and the white of eggs — if insensibility pre- dominates, coffee. As soon as it is ascertained whether the poison is an acid or a metal, give soap-suds; if an alkali, give vinegar. AH other remedies are only applicable when you know what kind of poison you have to deal with. Treatment when the Poison is ascertained. H Generally, the beforementioned rules hold good ; besides attending to the vomiting, however, administer immediately the remedies here recommended. The antidotes recommended against each particular poison have been ar- ranged according to their efficacy, the most efficacious being mentioned first. When these are not at hand, give what can be first procured. If a person, for instance, has swallowed sulphuric acid, it would be folly to wait until mag- nesia or white soap could be brought from the apothecary ; when these cannot be had on the spot, take a handful of wood ashes, stir them in water and let this be drunk immediately, although it will not answer as well. If this is not at hand use soda or potash. I. Poisoning by Inhaling Gases and by Substances introduced into the Stomach. 1. POISONOUS gases; antidotes and treatment. a) Gases produced in places deprived of a fresh current of air. In deep privies that have not been cleansed for a length of time; in places deprived of a fresh current of air, where offal of animals is suffered to decay, a poison- ous gas of a foetid, offensive smell resembling that of rotten eggs, a-nd in which polished metal, particularly silver, turns black, is generated. Such gas inhaled will cause nausea, nervousness and difiBculty of breathing ; the pulse becomes feeble, there is an expression of languor about the eye; a coldness is felt in 1 he ears; the abdomen is contracted, and unless the suf- ferer is speedily reiioved from its influence, convulsions and apparent death CHAP. VIII. POISONING. 61 \ en?ue, -which latter, if no medical aid is afforded, will temiinate in actual death. The l)est remedy is chloride of lime, or chloride of zinc. Before persons expose themselves they should provide chloride of lime, some of which, diluted with water, will destroy the foetid gas, and enable them to work in such places without danger. 'I'he bad smell is also speedily re- moved by throwing in a few shovelfuls of quick linie. A person who has become insensible by inhaling this gas, should im- mediately be brought into the fresh air, undressed, and placed on his back, with the breast elevated, and cold water thrown plentifully on his face and breast. If you have a solution of chloride of lime in water at hand, dip a sponge in it, and hold it occasionally before his nose. The solution should be rather weak, so as not to excite cough in a healthy person who inhales it. Put a tablespoonful of the strong solution into a tumbler full of water, and put half a teaspoonful of this into the mouth of the sufl'erer, repeat it every five or ten minutes until the patient begins to revive. If vinegar can be had sooner, mix this with an equal portion of water, and sprinkle the face with it- — and hold a sponge dipt in vinegar before the nose and mouth. During this time the patient should be rubbed with hot flannel. If his face has been sprinkled with cold water or vinegar, wipe it dry after a little while ; then rub it with hot flannel, and repeat the sprinkling. The feet, abdomen, breast, and arms particularly, ought to be well rubbed. The soles of the feet and the back may be brushed a little with a stiff brush. Be not too hasty, but proceed gently and perseveringly. Life sometimes does not return in less than three or four hours. If the patient, apparently dead, does not breathe at all, it is useless to hold a sponge before his nose ; only try from time to time, by holding a light feather there, whether his breathing has recommenced. Occasionally blow breath into his mouth, which is best done by a person inhaling as much as he can, and then placing his mouth on that of the patient (whose nose should be closed), and blowing in the breath gradually. If this expands the chest, let the breath go out of itself, and repeat the operation. If the breath will not come out again of itself, place a towel around the chest, and after the breath has been blown in, tighten it gently. By thus producing an artificial respiration, a person apparently dead may often be restored again, but he who undertakes the operation should himself be healthy, and have a sweet breath, and either 'drink some vinegar, or rinse his mouth with it occasionally. As soon as the patient makes an attempt at drawing in his breath, or at exhaling it with a sigh, discontinue these eSbrts, and gently fan fresh air toward him, and when the breathing becomes stronger hold a sponge to his mouth, dipped in a very weak solution of chloride of lime, or vinegar. Care must be taken indeed, lest you extinguish the feeble life which is just returning. If the patient recovers, give him a few drops of a weak solution of chloride of lime or vinegar on his tongue. If he complains of cold, inclina- tion to go to stool, of nausea, and vinegar will not remove these symptoms, or if he is getting tired of the vinegar, give him a little coffee without milk. If he complains of heat and great weakness, give him a little good old wine. The smell of camphor too, is often beneficial ; in this respect consult the wishes of the patient ; whatever is most agreeable to him, or aff'ords him relief, deserves the preference. Another poisonous gas, which is suffocating, is generated in deep wells, vaults and lime furnaces. It has not tlie bad smell of the gas above men- tioned, but makes him who inhales it sleepy, giddy and at last senseless 7 62 THE MOST COMMOX CAUSES OF DISEASE. Person? a fleeted by it will usually revive in a short time, by bringing tlion: sitf-edily into the open air, sprinkling them with cold water and vinegar, and pouring coffoc into their mouths. Do not act with too much precipitation — di'lay is not dangerous in such a case. IF respiration does not return, it will be necessary to inflate the lungs, by breathing into the mouth. b) (tiis ijenerated bj/ chnrcoal. — The gas arising from charcoal is a most dangerous poison, particnlarh to persons sleeping. Never sleep with lighted charcoal in a room which has not an open fire-place. The same applies to coal. Old woodwork too, has been known to smoulder for days, without any smoke being perceptible ; the inhabitants of the house, paying no attention to the somewhat smoky smell, have been found in the agonies of death, before the smouldering was at all perceptible. It is remarkable that all persons who are exposed to this gas, become so feeble as to be unable to go into the air, to open doors or windows, or to call for aid. Tliey suffer much and know the danger, but cannot make the effort to move from the spot, in order to save themselves. A similar sensation seizes upon those who, in extremely cold weather, sit down in the open air to rest themselves, although they know the fate that is before them, they want energy to resist it. Tho symptoms of having been poisoned by gas produced from coal and charcoal, if animation is not yet suspended, are headache, with nausea, retching and vomiting — sometimes of blood ; a heavy burden seems to oppress the chest, the face becomes red, and at last purple and bloated, the patient is seized with involuntary and hysteric weeping, talks incoherently, falls down suddenly, is seized with fits and convulsions, and finally becomes perfectly unconscious, and is seized with apoplexy. Carry the patient into the fresh air, rub him with vinegar, and let him inhale the vapor of vinegar. If the face is already very red, and he begins to rave, throw ice-cold water on the head. In general, it is well to make cold applications to the head, and warm applications to the feet, and as soon as the patient can swallow, to give some coffee without sugar and milk. When the patient has somewhat recovered, it is well to give Opivvi, and to dispense with the vinegar. If Opium gives relief, but only for a short time, repeat it. After several hours, or earlier, if Opinm does not seem very efficacious, give Belladonnu, and allow it sufficient time to operate. If the patient is very much excited, talks much and rapidly, complains of shooting pains, or if it seems to him as if he were flying, and he feels giddy when lying down, give him a little coffee witliout milk, and continue it until the symp- toms rctjuire Bdhulouia or Kux vainica. r) Dry ra, milk, or albu- minous fluids. The best emetic is powdered mustard, one or two tea- spoonfuls in a glass of water. A soapy li(|uid, made with equal parts of oil and lime-water, should also be given. The stomach-pump should also be used. The hydrated sesquioxide of iron, which had formerly a great repu- tation, seems to have no claims to be considered a chemical antidote, and has no advantages over mucilaginous or albuminous drinks. Fresh blood has been recommended, but it is not superior to the means above indicated. There is great danger, even when the whole of the poison has ap])arently been ejected from the stomach, especially if it has remained a considerable time in the stomach. Vinegar is of no use, and oil is injurious. After the poison has been got rid of, as far as that was practicable, give Ipecacuanlia several times ; if the patient still feels very uneasy and irritable by night, is also feverish, China; if he is worse during the day, after sleep- ing — if he is constipated, or has slimy diarrhoea, Nnx vomica. If Ipecucnanha leaves frequent nausea, vomiting, with heat or cold, and great weakness, Vcralruin. The liquid which hatters use in the manufacture of fine hats contains arsenic. The wearing of such hats frequently causes eruptions on the fore- head, or sore eyes; and, perhaps the frequent baldness of young persons, said to prevail since the general use of silk in preference to beaver hats, may be attributed to the same cause. To prevent this, have the hat well lined with silk and leather, and for the bad effects, take Hep ir. Green paint, green carpets frequently, and green wall papers most always, contain a com- pound of arsenic and copper which often occasions symptoms of arsenical poisoning, which will require Hepar for their removal. Some composition candles also, are prepared with arsenic, which renders them unwholesome. b) CorroA-iv subliniiite. — For tlis poison give, 1, the white of eggs in water; CHAP. VIII. POISONING. 67 2, sugar-water ; 3, milk ; 4, starch made from wheat flour, dissolved or boiled in water ; 5, flour paste ; 6, endeavor to promote vomiting. White of eggs in water is the principal remedy ; you may give it alter- nately with sugar-water. The remaining symptoms require the same treat- ment as those from poisoning by mercury. See " Mercury." c) Copper, Verdiijri.'i. — P^r these, or any other preparation of copper, give, 1, white of eggs; 2, sugar — both with or without water; 3, milk; 4, other slimy substances ; the protosulphuret of iron is said to act as an antidote to ctipper-poisoning ; it may be given, if at hand, in doses of a teaspoonful eveiy half hour. If, however, it cannot be had immediately, a rude prepara- tion of it maybe made in the following waj% with a stick of brimstone. Take a flat pii'ce of iron and make it red hot. Then, let th? sulphur melt on it so that it runs along its surface, and let it drop into water. After that tako the sulphur, grind it, and mix it with water, shaking it well. After the coarser particles have settled, let the patient drink the water quickly, a tablespoon ful or even a teacupful at a time. This will also answer in cases of poisoning by other metals. But if it cannot be given immediately admin- ister the white of eggs forthwith. d) Le.i'L — In poisoning by lead give, 1, sulphuret of iron, prepared as above ; 2, epsom salts or sulphate of magnesia ; 3, Glauber's salts or sulphate of soda. The former is the best ; when it cannot be had take the latter. A tablcspoonful should be dissolved in a pint of warm water, and drunk ia abundance if much of the poison has been taken ; 4, white of eggs ; 5, soap ; 6, milk. Vomiting should be excited as speedily as possible. After +he salts or soap give mucilaginous drinks and injections. For paius. Opium, BtlliuLunm, Gloiiolne, or Nvx vomica. For the chronic complaintj c lused by lead in those who have anything to do with lead-paint, or of tho.e nbo live near lead-works, use, besides Opium and Belladonna, Plaiina. Bma,ll doses of alum are also useful. A good preventive for those who wo-k in lead-works, is lemonade made with sulphuric acid, one or two drops of it to a tumblerful of water. Puironing by lead occurs very often, from sour victuals being left in tin vessels, for tin is nearly always mixed with lead. Things that are sour or sourish should never be allowed to cool or to remain in metal vessels, nor should silver, tinned or tin spoons be left in victuals. Sour things should only be kept in stoneware, porcelain or glass. t) i\itia c (if l^iivtr. Luiiiir Caustic, Lipis InfcrnaJis. — Give common salt dissolved in water in abundance ; endeavor to promote vomiting, and after- wards give mucilaginous drinks. _/ ) Antiinonij. — For poisoning by this, taken either as antimonial wine or tartar-emetic, give, 1, a decoction of gall-nuts, or oak bark, or the peel of pomegranates ; 2, strong black tea ; 3, cofl'ee without milk, in large quanti- ties ; 4, mucilaginous drinks. For convulsions give Opium. If the vomiting does not cease soon, put the jtalient into a warm bath, or apply a hot cloth over the stomach and abdomen, and give Opi'nn and Ipecucnanka, alternately, every five to ten minutes; if not better soon, LacI.esis; for nausea and other effects, Ipecacu iin'i I or Nnx vomica. ii) Ti'i. — For poisoning by tin, give, 1, white of eggs; 2, sugar; 3, milk; with all tliese magnesia should be mixed, as it decomposes the salts of tin. The chronic eftecis of tin, which occur so frequently, from the tin being Bcrapecl oft' from the tin utensils, are mitigated by Fidsatilla. h) Ciluride of iin.—l, milk; 2, sugar; 3, white of eggs; afterwards H'par and PulsaliLUu 68 THE MOST COMMON C ..USES OF DISEASE. i) Zinc, sulphate of ziuc— Proceed as stated under antimony ; after\/ards Hepar. 6. VEGETABLE POISONS, ANTIDOTES AND TREATMENT, a) Poisomvs nnishrooni'!.— These fungi do not generally produce any per ceptible effect until several hours after they have been taken. 'J'he abdomer, then becomes enlarged, with a cutting pain in the region of the stomach ; vomitins- and purging preceded by thirst, nausea, hiccoagh, agitation ; cold- ness of the limbs, "small pulse, numbness, incoherent talking and convulsions. If these symptoms appear, promote vomiting, and let the patient drink freely of cold water, as cold as it can be had ; from time to time give finely pow- dered charcoal, made into a sort of paste wnth sweet oil. Should this not afford sufficient relief, let the patient smell gently of spirits of hartshorn. The remaining symptoms may be removed by wine or coffee. b) Blighted corn, Ergot. — Blighted corn, or those thick, black grains in Indian corn, rice, wheat, rye or other grains ; also the sweet or black rusty taint in grain is very injurious to man and beast; The ill effects of it, how- ever, can be counteracted by the common black nightshade, bruised in cold water, and then hot water poured on it. Inhale the vapor of this or wash the cattle with it. c) lufoxicating phtntf;. — For plants which are intoxicating in their effects, making the person who takes them drunk, or depriving him of consciousness, making him delirious and raving, the principal antidote is coffee drunk in large quantities and given in injections. For some of these substances, such as opium, laudanum, or poppy heads and thorn-apple, vinegar answers very well. If the patient has a red face, red eyes, looks wild and stares, cold water thrown over him is very useful. For parts of plants which smell of bitter almonds, and consequently con- tain that virulent poison Frussic acid, such as bitter almonds, peach kernels and peach leaves; also for cordials prepared with thum, such as cherry brandy, yx^rsico and noyau, and many medicinal compounds into whose com- position it enters, in all of which it is easily detected by the peculiar smell and bitter taste and by its effects : heaviness, giddiness, oppression, particu- larly on the chest, first a quick, afterwards a slow pulse, paralysis or a feeling as if paralysis were about to ensue : for all these coffee without milk is the chief remedy, and in very dangerous cases, spirits of hartshorn, of which the patient may smell gently from time to time, or mix a few drops ifi a tumbler of water, and give every ten or fifteen minutes a teaspoonful. When the symptoms are very violent, the cold effusion on the spine described before will be requisite. (/) Ojiiiiin or landannm. — For poisoning with opium or laudanum, the seeds of poppy, or a decoction of pop])y heads, w'hich are foolishly given to children to make them sleep, coffee is the best antidote ; 1>efore this can be got ready give vinegar; if the patient lies insensible, drag him about the room between two persons, talk to him end beat him hard on the back and hips until consciousness is restored. Emetics are useless, and if the drinking of coffee does not produce vomiting, try to force it with cold water and tick- ling the throat with a feather ; in very hard cases, the stomach-pump must be used. Sometimes a tea made with oats will answer (that is common oats such as are given to horses), wash well, a large handful of thesQ, and then pour two or three cups of boiling water on them ; give a tablespoonful at a time. Some time after, it is well to give Ipecacuanha, repeating it a couple of times, and if the pains remain, after some days, Mercuriui. For poisoning CHAP. VIII. POISONING. 69 with the seeds of Stramonium, called also thorn-apple, give also coffee and lemon juice, or vini.>gar in large quantities ; if no vomiting ensues, tobacco is very applicable in this case ; for the remaining symptoms give Xiix vomica. e) Poison vine. — Poison vine is apt to cause a complaint similar to St. An- thony's fire (erysipelas.) Rubbing or scratching should be avoided as much as possible, and strong washes or unguents to drive in the eruption are also higlily injurious. If careful VFashing with soap and water does not relievi; the itching, try rubbing with wheaten bran, or dusting with hair-powder. Let the patient abstain from every thing that is heating and stimulating, and take Bryonia, to be repeated if the complaint gets worse. If the irritation is in the face, and Brijonia does not give relief, give Belladonna. A wash of a weak solution of copperas (sulphate of iron) is very useful. External injuries from plants which exude a pungent, milky juice, and which are very common in the country, are cured by washing with soap- water and afterwards with brandy. If some of the juice has got into the eye, apply the oil of almonds, uusalted butter or milk ; if it has got into the sto- mach, use soapsuds, milk, &c., but neither acids nor emetics. The same holds good of all acrid, burning, corrosive, vegetable substances, as gamboge, euphorbium, &c. /) Fink root. — In cases of poisoning by that noxious plant. Pink root, (Spigelia,) so frequently given for worms, let the patient smell camphor, give him coffee without milk, and if after the expiration of several days, palpita- tion of the heart, giddiness, &c., still remain, give Mcrcurius. y) Camphor and Saffron. — In cases of poisoning with camphor or saffron, give coffee without milk till it brings on vomiting, and if all the symptoms do not disappear. Opium every hour until they cease. /() Spirits of Turpentine. — In cases of poisoning with spirits of turpentine, Opium, Belladonna, or Bryonia will prove efficacious. If the kidneys are m ich irritated, Cantharis should be given. For poisoning by all other vegetable substances let the patient smell cam- phor, and give him coffee to drink if the camphor does not afford relief. If they produce a feeling of numbness, weak vinegar may also be given ; if very painful, soapsuds and milk. 7. ANIMAL POISONS. ANTIDOTES AND TRKATMENT. a) Spanish flies. — Spanish flies (cantharides,) or plasters made thereof, contain virulent poison, which not un frequently produces very serious symp- toms, especially if it gets into the stomach or into the eyes. It causes vio- lent burning, which is aggravated by oil, fat, milk. ii)ivirn'<. b) Poisonous honey. — For the injurious effects of poisonous honey, camphot 70 THE MOST COMMON CAUSES OF DISEASE. is also most to be recommended. It should be frequently smelt, and fric tions with it? solution in spirit performed. Inwardly give warm tea or coffee without milk. v) Hiiir 01' Ciili'iyUlars. — The hair of caterpillars is apt to cause violent inflammation. Do not rub, for it will only make it worse ; but apply hand- kerchiefs which have been moistened with spirits of camphor. d) S-idl-iish an I other jioi-^oiio'is fi.ih. (fr. — Among shell-fi.-h, such as clams, muscles, cockles, i^'c. we sometimrs find some which are poisonous and pro- duce troublesome complaints. If there is an inclination to vomit, encourage it ; give charcoal with sugar and water, or in molasses ; let the patient smell camphor and afterwards drink coffee without milk. For efuptious and swelling of the face, give ni'fUid'mua. If poisonous fish produce bad symptoms, give finely powdered charcoal with brandy, and if this affords relief, some hours after, coffee without milk ; if it does not afford relief, give quantities of sugar to eat or to drink in water ; if this also proves iueftectual, give weak vinegar internally and apply it ex- ternally. When the poison or urine of idad^\frn,j.ric acid, and if this fails, Ar.seninrrn. Some time after, Siilii/nir may be taken, if necessary; and if some symptoms still remain, after three or four weeks, give Calcarea. Neither of these two reme- dies should be given oftener than once every five or ten days — and should not be repeated as long as the case improves. When one has reason to fear that he has contracted one of these diseases by contact with the animal, exposure to great heat is recommended. The best way of accomplishing this is to place him in an ordinary vapor bath, or a Russian bath, or the simple hot air bath used so frequently in hydropathic establishments. Should the infection be imparted, Luchesis is an excellen*. remedy. In horses, a cure may often be ell'ected by the administration of Aconite, Rhus and Arseniciiitt, in the order iu which they are named. II. Poisoned Wounds. STINGS ANK BITKS OF AXIMAI.S — -THEIR ANTID0TK3 AND TREATMENT. a) Siiiiff.i of Spiilers. — The sting of spiders, centipedes, scorpions, the bites of many flies, musquitoes, and of bugs, are rarely dangerous, but may become troublesome by their numbers, and produce serious consequences by attack- ing tender parts ; especially when little children or very delicate persons are thus afflicted. The chief remedy is smelling camphor, and washing with cold water. If you can catch an insect of the same kind, crush it and put it on the wound. A good remedy, if it can be borne, is to hold the injured part to the fire ; or bring a red-hot coal, wire, or lighted cigar or pipe as close to the spot as possible, and hold it there until the pain is removed. b) Stilly H of Bees, (^w — When pursued by a swarm of bees, take care not to strike at them with a view of keeping them off, for it does no good, and only irritates them the more ; make your escape as quickly as possible; but should a swarm follow you notwithstanding, particularly in the bushrs. and should many have already alighted on your head, and there be no water near into which to plunge, lie down flat upon the f^round, with the face downward, protecting the sides of the head with your hands, and lie still till they are gone. Moisten the wounds with saliva, and pass your finger-nail over them to extract the sting and the poison ; or extract it with tweezers or fine pincers ; then put on black garden mould, renewing it whenever the pain increases ; or rub it with honey, scraped chalk, or one of the remedies- mentioned. For the sting of a bee in the eye or the mouth, honey is the best applica- tion ; try to extract the sting from the mouth by scratching with the tingei nail ; and from the eye by using very delicate pincers. CHAP. VIII. POJS..NING. 73 The same observations apply to the stinging of wasps, only th^vt in this case the sting does not remain in the wound. Always warn children not to bite imprudently in an apple or a pear in which is a hole ; sometimes a wasp is hidden in it, and their sting in the mouth is very dangerous. When a person has been stung in a very tender part, and inflammation, swelling and fever ensue, give Apinn ^;//7^ari on the pillow; giddiness or pain after shaking the head ; dilatation of tiie pupils of the eyes, not only in the dark or after awaking from sleep, which is natural, but at all times. Ilrp ir may follow the Rdladonna if the latter has failed to afford sufficient relief and allowed to act for several days. If some of the above mentioned symptoms should remain notwithstanding ; If the head becomes larger, if the skin is elevated on the upper and anterior part of the head, "opening of the head," and there is a perceptible beating there, give Calcarea. Bruises on the head of children should not be compressed with a knife ; but treated with applications of cold water, or water with a few drops of Aruicn Undine in it, and the internal administration o^ Aruia. Consult also Concussion and Hydrocephalus in their respective chapters. In all cases of this kind however, it is better to consult a homoeopathic phy- sician. Sprains. — A limb is sprained when, after a fall or other violence, it pains severely, cannot be moved without pain, swells and turns red. At the commencement of the treatment of these troublesome injuries apply cold water freely or a lotion of Arnica. Arnica may also be taken internally. After the removal of the more acute symptoms, it may be mjcessary to resort to the use of Bri/oni'j, Rknaov Riifa, to aid in removing the stiffness and soreness which may remain. Passive (gentle) motion of the limb will also be beneficial. If it turns blue : Arnica. If the swelling remains very long with more or less pain, use applications of warm vinegar. If the swelling about the joint is so soft, as to leave a pit when pressed by the finger, Sainbucu.'i will give relief. Disi.ocATioxs, Luxations. — The removal of the head of a bone from its corresponding articular cavity is termed a dislocation or luxation. It is characterized by viohnit pain, loss of motion, swelling, alteration in lUe shape, length and direction of the limb. An unnatural depression or pro- minence can generally be felt in the vicinity of the injured joint ; and thi-re will be also a peculiar rigidity of the limb. By comparing the injured with the sound limb the deformity will at once be apparent. The first thing to be done is give Amici, or, if there is already redness and inflammation, Aconitum, and to apply cold water or diluted Tincture of A rn icu . Yon seldom find a person who will undertake to set the joint again ; and as abortive attempts will only make the matter worse, the sooner j'ou send for an experienced surgeon, the better for the patient. Cold applications, and Arnini internally, will always be beneficial. Nor is it necessary to do anything more after the dislocation has been reduced : all poultices, s.alves, bleeding, &c., are injuiious. .V proper bandage must be applied, and as soon as the inflammation abates, wiiirh, after taking Arnica and perhaps Aconife, will soon take place, the limi. should be moved often, but carefully, lest it grow stiff. CHAP. IX. EXTERNAL INJURIES. 81 Fractures. — Tbe most certain sifin of fracture is crepitation, a peculiar grating noise or sensation, produced by the rubbing together of two broken surfaces of bone. When on moving an injured limb you can perceive this sen- sation, it is a pretty sure indication that it is fractured. In addition to this, there is usually some deformity, pain, swelling, inability to move or use the limb, and sometimes it is shortened. In all cases of suspected fracture, send for a surgeon, and for a skilful one too, and not for "fhejir.'it the be.^t ;" for mistakes committed under these cir- cumstances can hardly ever be remedied. When children are the sufferers, more despatch is required. But in ordinarycases.acoupl 'of days may elapse without incurring any risk, a broken bone does not unite so very readily. Before the arrival of the surgeon the broken limb should be moved as little as possible ; on the painful part put linen bandages dipped frequently into cold water, or diluted Arnica tincture ; internally give Aconite, if the patient is very weak or faint, and some hours after. Arnica. Only when the pains are insufferable, and occasion convulsions, give ChatnoinHla. In very rare cases only, when the pains are excruciating, and other bad symptoms appear, will stretching of the limb afford any relief. This delicate operation requires a surgeon's aid, who will apply the necessary splints, bandages, &c. Should the bone not unite readily, but remain loose — as sometime happens with aged persons — mix a small portion of diluted Phosphoric acid with lime- water, dry the sediment which will be formed in this mixture, and give the patient as much of it as will lie on the end of a penknife, once every three or 'four days. If the bones of young people will not heal, give good, strong broth, or meat-extract, which will be mentioned hereafter, under " Apparent death from hunger." Wounds. , "We ought first to know what wounds will heal of themselves, and when treatment is necessary ; we ought to know how the cure can be accelerated, and what must be done in dangerous cases until a surgeon can be procured. All wounds which are not mortal heal of themselves, without any medicine, uuguents, plasters or salves. External applications are almost always inju- rious, and all rational practitioners have long ago discontinued the use of them. Nothing more is necessary than to apply a proper bandage, and to wet it, from time to time with cold water. If requisite some medicine should be given internally, and attention be paid to the diet. a) Dreasinij of tlie waiuvl. — the most important thing in the healing of a wound is to bring the sides in close contact. Suuill, sujjerficial wounds may be closed by pressing the sides together, and tying a bandage around the limb to keep them in that position. Common, small cuts on the fingers are often troublesome for a considerable time, as they prevent us from using the hand ; but they will heal quickly with a healthy person, if sewed together, an opera- tion, which, after a little practice, can be performed easily and without giving pain. Close the wound immediately to prevent the escape of blood ; press till the skin becomes white, that you may see the cut and take hold of it ; then take a very fine needle, with a linen, or better, a silk thread, which has been divided, pierce through the outer or scarf-skin only, either entering near to or at the cut; if it pains, you have gone too deep. When the wound is very small, and not deep, you may stitch from one side to the other, right through, making a common seam, without a knot at the beginning or end. When the cut is deeper, or forms an angle, draw only once through; tie the ends together over the wound and cut them off; proceed in this manner, 82 THE MOST COMMON CAUSES OF DISEASE. placing one loop near the other. It is better to take but a short thread, for : if you have to pull much, the skin sometimes breaks and gives pain. Somer times it may be better to take two needles, fasten in each one end of th^ thread, and pass each needle from the interior edge of the cuticle outwards. Small wounds may be dressed by Aniica-idaster or common Court-plaster. When the wounds are longer, penetrating through the skin into the flp.sh, this superficial suture will not suffice, but you must use adhesive plaster, the ordinary sticking plaster of the shops. Cut this into strips, a few inches long, narrower in the middle than at the ends Warm them with your breath, or by wrapping them around a bottle filled with hot water, or around your arm, the side on which the plaster is, of course , turned out, till the plaster becomes soft. The narrow part must be placed on the wound. In applying them press the wound well together, and draw the strips tightly over'it; they should be long enough to extend several inches beyond the wound on each side, otherwise they will not stick well. The hairs ought also to be shaved off from about the wound, and all moisture carefully wiped away. Open spaces ought to be left between the strips, particularly where the wound is deepest, that, in case of suppuration, the matter may be allowed to escape and prevent the formation of abscesses. In dressing the wound the limb should be put in such a position that the wound will not gape, and should be kept in that position as much as pos- sible. Deep lacerated wounds, or long cuts in the face, lips, eyelids, neck, «tc., have sometimes been united by deeper sutures, which a surgeon alone can make properly. Considerable stabs, or other narrow and deep wounds, must not be closed in this manner, as they would heaJ on the surface, and suppurate at the bot- tom. But if they are so situated that they can be compressed at the bottom, as well as at the orifice, it may be done until the surgeon arrives, who in all such cases should be consulted. Besides being sewed, every wound ought to be dressed with adhesive plaster, that it may be the more firmly united, and that the air may be pre- vented from entering it, at the same time the limb ought not to be more com- pressed and laced tlian is necessary. The bruising of the skin, especially on the knuckles, ends of the fingers and on the shinbone, sometimes causes a bad sore, and often becomes trouble- some in children The l)est application for such sores is the lining membrane of a raw egii. The best mode of obtaining this is to break the agg carefully and peel off the skin with which the shell is lined, in strips as broad as you can make them ; put these with the side which was uext to the shell on the wound until it is entirely covered. Another good application is collodium. (a solution of gun-cotton in ether.) it is sold in all dr\ig stores, [t is to be spread over the wound with a soft brush, the ether evaporates, and leaves a thin, transparent skin, which is not removed by water. b) IltiiLorrluige axused by wounds. — Wounds which nave been closed and dressed in the aforesaid manner, generally cease to bleed. Sometimes, how- ever, it is necessary to place a compress of linen upon the wound, and to keep it there with bandages. Cold water applied immediately and freely, will frequently stop the bleeding, yet there are cases where it does not suffice. When the blood is gushing out of the wound, when the wound is on the throat, the superior and interior part of the thigh or arms, the whole limb or Bide of the neck should be compressed, and a surgeon procured immediately. CHAP. IX. EXTERNAL INJURIES. 83 Tlie hcmorrliaiii'e. Some- times it is well to giv" them alternately. If, in consequence of having taken cold, the medicines do not afford any relief, give J,'hu.< or /liyonia. For throbbing pain in the bone, which is so violent that it can hardly be borne, sometimes attended with fever, H!io-:i-:/amus will be beneficial. If the jaw swells, and a tedious suppuration follows, take Silicea once a week until it improves. h) Large wounds on fJie head. — When the bones of the head have been in- jured, or deep wounds have been received in the throat and in the breast, or Btabs in the abdomen — all wounds, in short, where the joints have been crushed, or which penetrate into the joints, must absolutely be treated by a CHAP. IX. EXTERNAL INJURIES. 87 surgeon. We will, however, mention here, in a few words, the course to be pursued in case a surgeon is not at hand. When a limb has been partially crushed, it may sometimes be preserved by cold applications, or by putting- ice upon it and by giving internally Arnica, alternating sometimes with Aconite ; this preservation is possible even when mortification has already taken place, by giving first China, and afterwards, when the skin begins to turn black, Lacheus. The surgeon alone can, how- ever, judge what is best to be done, and we only propose this treatment, when the patient refuses to submit to amputation, when no surgeon who can perform the operation is to be procured, or when it is too late to under- take it. i) Larrie tcounds in the abdomen. — These wounds are often not so desperate as they appear to be ; even if the bowels protrude and the whole belly is torn open, do not give up the patient. Recovery sometimes takes place contrary to all expectation, from wounds apparently fatal, lloplace the entrails as Boon as possible, but not without having first cleansed them of sand and dirt, or of whatever else may be adhering to them. This ought to be done with luke-warm water, by merely rinsing and without rubbing Be careful that no water enters the abdomen. Do not lay hold of the entrnils with your hands, but with a soft, clean, linen cloth. Let the patient neither smell nor take any spirits or anything strong. If the patient is quite stupid or stunned, give him Opium ; if greatly ex- cited, Cojf'ea : if he has convulsions, Ljnaiiu : if he turns i)ale. if the nose becomes sharp and the limbs cold, give China; but as soon as the first alarm is over, give, in all cases, ArnicK. When no surgeon can be procured, sew up the wound with a waxed thread, only leaving a small opening in the deepest places, and dress it. to prevent the air from penetrating, in the man ner above described, without giving anything further. If diarrhoea ensues, which is also sometimes the case after surgical operations, give Colori/nfhis, afterwards if worse, Staphisagria, they may be taken alternately, until the symptoms change. If very bad symptoms appear, try Lachesis or Fho.sphoru6: Burns and Scalds. For a superficial burn or scald, the best remedy is to hold the part to the fire, and the worst to put it into cold water, or to apply to it other cooling things, such as potatoes, carrots, turnips. &c. It is well known that after the latter always blisters and ulcers will follow. The former, on the con- trary, draws out the heat, that is to say. the effects of the burn disappear by the application of moderate heat. The application of dry heat, however, is not, at all times, practicable ; particularly when the burnt or scalded sur- face is large, as in this case the heat cannot be ap])lied equally to every part. For children the operation rs too painful; and in hums when the skin is de- stroyed, or when the injury is in the face, it is also inapplicable. Other reme- dies, therefore, have to be used, which are of easier application, and of which the effect resembles that of heat. The application of spirits of wine, strong brandy, rum. &c.. particularly when warmed, is much better. Place a flat saucer, or other vessel, contain- ing one of these articles upon the stove; in the meantime, set on fire another saucerful and let it burn a few minutes until hot, and then put it out by cover- ing it, and apply it whilst the first saucerful is being heated. Contuiue to moisten the scald or burn with it as long as it aggravates the pain in the least. To extensive scalds and burns it may be applied by d'ppiug rags into 88 THE MOSr COMMON CAUSES OF DISEASE. the spirit anc keeping them constantly moist. "When half the body is burnt, however or when the injuries are deep, this remedy cannot be well ajiplied ; nor is it of use in the \icinity of the eye, or other sensitive parts — and it will do no good when, in the first confusion, cold water had been applied. Tn many cases when the scald or burn covers a large surface without being very de<'p, raw cotfoii is a very. good remedy. It should be spread in layf rs over the burn. Blisters, if any have arisen, should be first punctured — a fine needle answers best for this purpose — and t'lie sores washed with warm watei. If the wound suppurates, take off the upper layer, but let the lower one remain, and put fresh cotton on the top; at the same time the whole limb must be properly dressed. The earlier the cotton is applied, the more effica- cious it proves ; but after the application of cold water or cooling roots, it is of little use. l^oap is one of the best remedies both in superficial and deep, ulcerated burns. It is the more valuable as it is easily procured and applied, and will prove serviceable even after other improper remedies have been used. Take white Castile soap, not the common resinous soap, scrape it fine and make a tliick salve with lukewarm water, make a plaster of this by spreading it on pieces of linen or muslin, and cover the scalded or burnt surface with it, taking care that it comes in contact with every part. If blisters have already formed, puncture them as directed above, and cut otf as much of the loose skin as possible, and dress the wound so as to keep the surface in contact with the plaster. The dressing may be changed every twenty-four hours, by carr fully remov- ing the old plaster and replacing it immediately by a fresh one, without wash- ing or otherwise interfering with the sore. At first the application of the soap plaster will probably increase the paiii , this, however, will be but temporary, and will soon be followed by a decrease of the sufi'ering. This treatiuent should be continued until the sore is healed. The completion of the cure will, of course, depend upon the e.xtent of the injury — but at all events it will take place nmch earlier than if you begin by applying cold water, lead-water, and such things to the burn. 81ight burns and scalds will heal in two or three days, and bad ones in eight or ten. It will effect a cure even where the burn has penetrated to the bone ; generally it prevents suppuration, and if skilfully applied, leaves no scars. Liine-tciUer mixed with sweet oil also makes a very good salve for burns ; it may be applied in the same manner as soap, and may be used instead of that in case the latter proves too irritating. In a very bad case of burning the hand with burning fluid, (oil of turpen- tine and alcohol,) when cantharides and soap were of no use, a salve, made of a solution of chloride of lime and sweet-oil, eased the pain immediately, and cured the hand in a short time. It is particularly applicable in hot wea- ther, when suppuration follows. In all cases keep the air, as much as possible, from the burn ; do not. there- fore, dress the wound too often, and leave it uncovered no longer than is necessary. Cover all the sore places accurately and carefully, and do not ' suffer the linen to lie in folds, lest it stick to the sore, neither attempt to re- move the salve which adheres to the wound. Open the blisters wliere most water has collected, cut oft" the skin, especially where it is loose and shrunken, and tie the whole up tightly but gently, without using too much coverinsr. C'intharUh'ti. — The tincture of cantharides diluted, in the proportion of five to eight drops of the tincture to half a tumbler of water, is one of the most efficacious remedies for burns. It may be applied by dipping rags — linen are CHAP. IX. EXTERNAL INJURIES. 89 best — into it, and appljino: them to the seat of the injury, renewing them two or three times a day, or whenever the pain begins to get worse again. It may be used in slight and severe burns, immediately after the reception of the injury or at a later period, after proper or improper remedies have been used. If nothing else is at hand, the violent pains may be mitigated by strewing hair-powder or powdered starch or flour upon the burn or scald. For burns in the mouth, throat or stomach, caused by taking too hot food, or in the rectum, occasioned by taking injections too hot, dissolve a few glo- bules oi Ais-eriicinn in a cup full of water. Take a tea-spoonful occasionally, and keep it in the mouth for a while ; nse this medicine also in the form of injections, but if it does no good, give Cait.'^firian, lihua or Carbo uegefabilis. For small burns on the hands of workingmen, the best remedies ai'e : Gutta percha dissolved in oil of turpentine or collodium. Burns from sulphuric or other acids require lime-water, or chalk mixed with water; if caused by an alkali, vinegar will prove beneficial, or scraped apples. In burns from phosphorus there is no better remedy than oil, sweet oil especially ; renewing its application until the pains cease. For the fever which sometimes accompanies burns, give Aconite. Arnica should not be used in injuries of this kind. In convulsions arising from severe burns, Chauiomilla has proved beneficial. Extensive burns are sometimes attended by diarrhoea or costiveness, but nothing should be done for either ; unless the latter lasts longer than four or five days, when injections of warm water may be given. If the diarrhoea is attended with pains in the bowels, give Pulsatilla, afterwards Snlplmr. The diarrhoea which sometimes makes its appearance is essential to the preservation of life, and ought, on no account, to be interfered with, unless it continues for weeks after the burn has been cured, give Calcarea, if it is more frequent between noon and midnight; Aiseniaim, if more towards morning and in the forenoon. In most cases it will disappear of itself, if you drink plenty of cold water, and take frequent exercise in the open air ; both of which are necessary to restore persons who have been severely burned or scalded. If hands and feet become much swollen, give Calcarea. Of the application of ointment of lead, or lead-water, I can only assure my readers that it has never done the least good ; the horrid suppuration, ulcers, and dreadful scars which it leaves behind, could not be worse if nothing were done. To put a stop to the use of these aljominable medicines among rational people, it cannot be too often repeated that the application of lead-water to any considerable part of the body (in case of a severe burn) almost inevitably proves fatal. Children who have been thus treated with lead-water, when half the body has been burned, have died in consequence — not, as is errone- ously supposed, of the burns, but of the poison, of which the symptoms fur- nish incontrovertible evidence. 9*' 90 THE MOST COilMON CAUSES OF DISKA.SE. CHAPTER X. FOREIGN SUBSTANCES INTRODUCED INTO THE HUMAN BODY. I. Into the Eye. Washing the eye with water will be beneficial if dust or any insoluble sub- stance has got into it, but will be injurious if the substance is soluble, as the washing will only tend to diffuse it. Rubbing the eye should also be avoided, as it merely increases the irrita- tion. Putting the eye immediately in a vessel of cold water and holding it tiiero. will Crequently remove the cause of irritation and afford relief. Sweet oil will mitigate the irritation, when caustic, sharp acids or salts have caused it; but it is injurious when caused by the powder of Spanish-flies, or dead insects. The white of eggs is very good when sharp, dusty mineral substances, paint, or 5;mal] pointed particles, get into the eye. For lime, ashes, some kinds of dye-stuffs and perhaps tobacco, cream or sour milk is the best remedy. If some hard substance gets into the eye and cannot be removed by the above means, but continues to cause irritation and pain, draw the eyelids apart, roll up a bit of paper, so as to have a soft point, with this, as with a hair pencil, you may seize and take it away. Fine blottingpaper will answer best for this purpose, as the foreign body will more readily adhere to it. Should it be necessary to push the pointed paper far back into the eye, moisten it first with saliva. I3y taking hold of the eyelids with the thumb and finger, drawing them out from the eye, and everting them, while at the same time the eye is slowly moved in every direction, you may ascertain whether there is anything ad- hering to the inner part of them. In order to evert the upper eyelid, seize the eyelashes with finger and thumb of one hand, and press with a pencil or other similar body held in the other hand on the upper part of the lid, direct- ing the patient to look downwards. The lid is thus easily everted and any extraneous substance adhering to its lining membrane readily detected and removed. Particles of iron, particularly those projected hot into the eye, when strik- ing fire, or from a smithy, usually adhere very tenaciously; sometimes you may succeed in extracting them with a bent hair, introduced under the eye- lid, and moved backward and forward, or with a clean ear-pick. A magnet Is .lever of any use, unless the particle should be loose, and in that case paper will answer every purpose i'articles adhering to or imbeded in the cornea are best removed by a cimciiing.needle. This is a delicate operation and requires the skilful hand of an experienced operator to do it safely. Jliibliing is injurious at all times, in order to avoided it, put on a linen compress dipped in water. Sleep sometimes diminishes the pain. If the eye i< red and initamed after the removal of the foreign body, give Aconite, which is also of service if it cannot be got out. and will diminish the pain until you can procure a surgeon, or till the night is passed, when day-light will enable you to examine more closely. If alter giving Acouiie several times, the eye Continues sensitive and red, give i^'ulpLur, and in case this does not prove efBcacioos, Calcarea or l^ituea. CHAP. X. FOREIGN SUBSTANCES, ETC. 91 2. Into the Ear. When an insect has found its way into the ear, place the patient upon the oyjposite side, and pour sweet-oil into the ear, until the insect becomes visible ; then take it out with a small roll of paper, or a pair of delicate forceps. Extraneous bodies, such as gravel, shot, beads, cherry-stones, pieces of wood, peas, beans, pins, &c., are often put into the ear by children. If attended to before they excite inflammation and swelling, they can generally be removed by very slender forceps or by a hair-pin, the curved end of which has been bent so as to form an obtuse angle, like the heel of a spoon, aud to which a handle has been made by sticking the points of the pin into a cork. Place yourself behind the ear, draw it upwards and backwards with one hand and at the same time away from the head, that you may look into it as far as possible ; dip the instrument into sweet oil, and pressing the bent part against the back part of the internal ear, push it in till it passes behind and around the object ; then lift a little, and the end of the pin will take hold of it from behind, like a spoon, and bring it out. If you cannot succeed in passing the hair-pin behind the object, you may sometimes be able to remove it by a small syringe, (sold by druggists) with a slender nozzle ; fill it with warm water, pass the point of the nozzle along- side the object and try to squirt it out. If pain and inflammation of the ear remain, give Arnica, and after a few hours, Fuhatilla. If the inflammation is already very considerable, and the ear so much swelled that nothing can be got out, Pal.safilla is also of service. In some cases, when the children are in great pain, have much fever, speak incoherently, or behave as if delirious, give, if Fuhatilla does not suffice, Belladonna, aud afterwards, if there is still some pain left, Sulphur. 3. Into the Nose. Foreign bodies, if not very firmly fixed, may be removed from the nose by taking a full inspiration, closing the mouth, and expelling the air forcibly through the nostrils ; or by tickling the nostrils with a feather, or a little dry snuff to bring on sneezing Sometimes obstructions may he removed from the nose with forceps or by the same instrument recommended for the ear, or a similar one, but somewhat longer, or they may be pushed back so as to fall into the mouth. Do not make too many experiments, but rather apply to a surgeon who has the necessary instruments. The swelling, which will some- times prevent the extraction of an object, or which remains after it has been extracted, may be considerably lessened by the administration of Aconite and Arnica; or if these do not succeed, by Rhus or Belladonna. For the remaining pain and suppuration, if any, give Sulphur. 4. Into the Throat (CEsophagiis.) If a foreign substance lodges in the throat, endeavor to make the patient throw up, by beating him between the shoulders ; let him open his mouth, press down his tongue with a spoon and look into the throat, in order to ascertain whether there be anything that can be seized and brought cut with the finders. 92 TUE MOST COMMON CAUSES OF DISEASE. If a large piece of food remains in the throat on account of its size and hardness, it is advisable to excite vomiting, particularly if, upon retching, you perceive the o'ustnictiou move upward. Ticliliug the throat will sonntimes effect this, if not, put snuff on the tongue, or give an injoctiou of tobacco. When it can be felt on the outside of the throat, a gentle pressure upward may force it out. At first you ought to endeavor to make the sufferer thrrw up again whatever has been swallowed, but do not proceed with too much violence. If the substance has already descended so far that it cannot lie felt in the throat, and it seems as if it were sticking fast in the chest, it must be forced down into the stomach, particularly if it is soft, smooth and soluble, and is only arrested on account of its size. If the sufferer feels that at times it shps down, it should be allowed to glide of itself into the stomach, or as- sisted by occasionally swallowing a little water, provided it is a substance which will not swell ; otherwise a little melted butter or sweet oil. If the symptoms however become too troublesome, endeavor to push it down. For this purpose take a smooth, willow twig or a long piece of whalebone, scraped perfectly smooth, and tie to the end of it a bit of sponge. To be able to fasten it on well, cut a few notches in the stick, and use waxed thread or silk. Rub some sweet oil on thfs instrument, and introduce it cautiously into the throat, pushing gently against the back of the throat. If a contraction takes place, which prevents the substance from being moved, or if pains, difiBculty of breathing, and other symptoms make their appearance, give Igimtia ; and if this fails to relieve, Chamomilla; then sweet Dil or butter ; and after this, try again to push it down ; if the face is pale, if there is nausea, worse after speaking, give Coccvhis ; if the face is red and if there is a constant inclination to swallow, Belladonna. Frequently the sensation of something sticking in the throat will remain, although the substance has already descended into the stomach. This, how- ever, is of no consequence, ami will disappear of its own accord, or after medicine. You may judge that this is the case when the pain increases no longer, but remains the same, and when no other symptoms appear ; also, when soft or fluid things can be swallowed without coming up again, and which, when passing the sore spot, produce some pain, without making it much worse. In such cases give Arnica, and afterwards, if necessary, Mircu- riua, or one of the medicines prescribed below. But if, on the other hand, there are small particles still remaining in the throat, producing constant irritation, give St.'i-ea. If a bone remains in the throat, which is so large that it cannot go down, extract it in the manner recommended below, or let a surgeon be called in. With sharp, pointed articles, such as pieces of glass, fish-bones, smail bones, needles, &c., be cautious and u^e no violence. Frequently swallowing a large mouthful of slightly chewed bread, potatoes, figs, dried prunes, &c., will remove them; or if they are small pointed articles, which pierce the membrane, pills made of wax as large as a musket-ball, dipped in honey, those made of wax fresh from the hive, and rolled in the honey until they become round and smooth, are to be preferred. When dangerous symptoms, such as violent pain, retching almost to suffo- cation, great auguish, fits, itc, occur, hasten to remove the obstruction, or at least to loosen it. A. violin strini;-, or a fine wire, bent in the middle so as to form a small loop, will answer this purpose. It must be introduced in such a manner that the ends of the sling or loop are out of the mouth. Push it for- ward gently until it is below the painful spot, then move it up and down, and twirl it round several times, and draw it up again slowly. In some cases a piece of whalebone, or a small willow twig, as described above, will answer CHAP. X. FOKEIGN' SUBSTANCES, ETC. 93 better. This should be introduced M'ith a rotaiy motion, until the di v S|iuns(! is below the object, then give a mouthf-.il of water, and after the sponge has pwelled a little, draw it up slowly A feather tied to a strong thread, may be pushed, quill foremost, down the throat, so that the feathery part when jiulled up, may press against the sides, and on being turned several times may hiosen and bring up the foreig'n body. Pins, needles, fish-bones, etc., may sometimes be extracted by tying to a whalebone or willow twig a number of silk slings, made like those for catching birds, introduced in the manner above described, and turned round several times. A piece of fat meat — bacon — tied to a string, and swallowed, and pulled up again by the string, has also been used successfully. Splinters of glass may be removed from the throat, by taking two or three inches of the upper end of a tallow candle, fastened to a string by the wick, compelling the patient to swallow it and then drawing it up again ; this may be repeated several times if necessary. Fish-hooks, with a part of the line attached to them, have been swallowed and successfully removed by drilling a hole in a leaden bullet, passing the line through it and causing the patient to swallow it. The weight of the bullet will disengage the hook, and its point, coming in contact with the lead, will prevent it sticking again in the oesophagus in the act of drawing upon the line, so that both bullet and hook may be drawn out together. A better way of extracting a tish-hook, when the line can be f eized is this : take a long leek, carrot, parsnip or similar shaped root, cut it to a size suitable for the oesophagus, i. e. for an adult, about the thickness of two fingers, bore a hole right through its longitudinal axis ; through this hole pass the line till it issues from the other end ; seize the free end of the line with the finger and thumb of the left hand and pass the root gently down the oesophagus until it comes to where the hook is embedded in the membrane ; employ now a greater amount of force and you will tear the barbed end of the hook out of the mucous membrane, when this is done, pull the line smartly, the hook will thereon stick into the end of the root, and the root and hook may now be easily drawn up together. In performing operations of this kind, the patient should be seated on a chair, with the head thrown well back, and supported from behind by an assistant ; then press the tongue down with the fore-finger of the left hand, and introduce the instrument, previously oiled, slowly and carefully, pressing against the back part of the throat. By the sudden resistance, or the con- vulsive motion and pain of the suflerei', you may know that the instrument i>i near the obstruction, or at the painful spot. In pulling it up, be caieful not to strike against the larynx, and lose again what you have brought up. Rather press the instrument a little against one side, and bend the head quickly for- ward, as soon as the end of the instrument reaches the top of the throat. In very dangerous cases, where even the experienced practitioner is unable to afford relief, the last alternative is to make an incision in the throat, by which, sometimes, persons have been saved who were supposed to be suffo- cated. 5. Into the Larynx or Windpipe. When a person talks or laughs when swallowing, or breathes rapidly, whilst holding something in his mouth ; or when children, in their play, catch some- thing with their mouth which is thrown towards them, and it gets into the larynx or windpipe, (" going the wrong way," as the phrase is,) — beating with the flat hand on the back whilst the sufferer bends forward, or blowing snufl' 94 THE M03T COMMON' CAUSES OF DISEASE. up the tiosc to induce him to sneeze, or tickling the throat with a feixtlipr to produce Vdiniliiir;- is not always attended with success, and. in triflinu- cases, it soiiu'tiines makes it worse. Neither too many nor too violent attempts of this kind ought to be made. In the heg-inning yon may cause the head to be beiit ba'ck as far as possible, that the object may be brought up by coughing. Yet not much can be expected from this, if the foreign substance is hrmlj fi.N'Hl in the windpipe. You may sometimes ascertain whether there is any- thinir uctu '.lly in the larynx, by taking hold of the latter and shaking it very gently with your thumb and forefinger once or twice; the obstruction will rattle, if it is loose or sufficiently large. Sometimes the patient will fall asleep, and whilst in that state the extraneous body is dislodged (the head in this case should not be too high). Such foreign bodies have been removed by gently turning the patient upside down, the intruding substance will then sometimes fall out by its own weight. If the danger, however, should continue to increase in spite of these means, and the medicines hereafter recommended, an operation must be performed. Hasten, therefore, to call in the nearest experienced surgeon who knows how to nnike the incision in the windpipe, — the only means which can save the patient, and which sometimes succeeds even when he appears already suffo- cated. This operation, if properly performed, is by no means so dangerous and difficult as it would appear, for most of those who are operated upon recover; and even when the windpipe has been severed in an attempt at sui- cide, the patient is not unfrequontly restored. It is, therefore, unwise not to have recourse to this operation, if a skilful surgeon can be procured in time. As the symptoms frequently resemble those of obstruction in the throat, you should always look into the mouth, whilst pressing down the tongue, and try if you can feel anything with your fingers or a spoon ; also try with whale- bone or a willow twig whether you can feel any substance in the throat. You may likewise know by the following signs, that there is something in the wind- pipe : the pain is more towards the front, so that the sufferer can point it out with Ills finger ; when the obstruction is in the throat, the pain is more back. There is great difficulty in swallowing and breathing in both cases, but when the windpipe is obstructed, the breathing is particularly difficult, the face is bloated and purple, the eyes protrude ; the voice-is more affected, becomes hoarse, or is lost altogether; the cough is whistling or rattles, and threatens to terminate in suffocation. I he symptoms, in some cases, do not at first appear to be of great con- sequence, but they increase gradually, or sometimes they disappear altogether, and return with greater violence. If the foreign substance is not located in, but below the larj-nx, and respi- ration is not impeded by it, the patient may seem to be in good health for days and even for weeks, without experiencing any cough or other symptoms. Of a sudden, however, he will be taken with violent fits of coughing almost to suffocation, the attacks resembling those of croup. In such cases if Tartar siif/n- or Sii'ir''a do not afford immediate relief, there is little hope re- maining. Neither M'ill an incision always avail, if between the attacks of cougliing, the respiration becomes more and more difficult and heaving. By this time tiie lungs have become congested, and the sufferer will often die whether an opening be made in the larynx, or not. After having ascertained that the obstruction is in the wind-pi))e, give, at once, [peania ik i, repeating the dose if it affords relief, as often as the symp- toms become worse again. Nothing besides this but sugar or sugar-water ehou d be given, until medical aid can be procured. BeLiadoiina may also 'lave a good effect. When the patient falls asleep, do not disturb him ; and CHAP. X. FOREIGN SUBSTANCES, ETC. 95 if the symptoms reappear, do not immediately give a fresh dose, but wait until they are really worse. Sometimes the object is ejected during sleep. 11' Iklladoiiuu does not suffice, or if symptoms remain after the danger is over, you may give ILpar. If, despite of all these remedies, the patient should oc in danger of suffocation, give Taiiur emetic (3rd. trit.) ; v/hen the patient be- comes pur]ile in the face, Opium. When dust has been inhaled, which causes violent cough, or hair or feathers have got into the windpipe, Bellailouaa, will be of service; afterwards Hipnr. The relief will, however, be but gradual. It is well to give, at the same time some sugar or gum Arabic. If anything has got into the throat of a child, and is located in or near the upper j)art of the larynx, frequent attacks of a suffocating cough will ensue, which Tioiur emetic (3rd trit), will greatly relieve. If the attacks returc contimially, or if there is a cough attended with an offensive smell, give Si/icea. In almost all instances gradual improvement will thereby be eff"ected, the pa- tient getting rid of the obstruction by coughing, or by swallowing it. In tedious cases Hepar may be given alternately with Siiic^.a. 6. Into the Stomaeh and Intestines. The introduction into the stomach of foreign bodies such as buttons, coina rings, &c., a matter of a frequent occurrence with children, and wliich is gene- rally the source of great deal of uneasiness to the parents, is not usually fol- lowed by serious consequences ; as they sooner or later pass off' through tho bowels without much pain or inconvenience, uidess they are too large to do so, in which case they may cause very serious disturbances or death itself. Their passage through the bowels may be lacilitated by eating plentifully of boiled rice, porridge, or some farinaceous food which will in its passags distend the stomach and intestines and help to cany off' the extraneous sub- stance. Rubbing and kneading the abdomen softly, or l}ing on the belly, frequent exercise, without using violent exertion, may also accelerate this event. A person who is disposed to be costive should take no aperient medi- cines, which only weaken the intestines, but should eat light food, plenty of butter, and have, daily, an injection of water or milk administered. In order to ascertain whether the article swallov.ed has been discharged, the excrement may be allowed to fall into a vessel containing water, and after it has dissolved, strain through a sieve or basket; or, if needles have been swallowed, through a coarse cloth. Needles sometimes make quite a different piiKsage for themselves, and come out without causitig any injury ; if they re- main too long, give every week, Siliceii followed by H'p'ir. if, some time after needles or coins have been swallowed, bad symptoms make their appearance, such as violent pains in a particular part of the abdo- men, as if sometUing were jammed, give IpecaciK/n'id. If it does good, repeat it as often as the symptoms get worse again; if not, Veratum or An.x vomicu. Should, notwithstanding, more violent symptoms, severe colic and constipation appear, give Oi'iiun; if violent attacks, with a throbbing pain in a particular spot, as if suppuration was about to commence, give J^^icUesi-n. Sometimes the mechanical irritation caused by coins or pieces of metal taken into the stomach will cause a fatal disease of the brain, against which all our remedies may prove unavailing, seeing that the excitnig cause remains. Sometimes articles which have been swallowed pass through the intestines without any difficulty, and remain in the anus. 'I'he passage from thence will be assisted by injections of linseed oil, olive oil, or milk ; or by the in- Bcrlion of long, thick strips of bacon into the rectum, one half may be allowed 96 THE MOST COMMON CAUSES OF DISEASE. to hang oni, or they may l)o hold liy a thread ; in this way the bacon pro- tects the anus against the huid .-iil)s;iuicc'. In tliis manner the hitter is fre- quently extracted with much facility, particularly if sonichody assists with a piece of rounded whalebone or with the handle of a silver spoon. If yon cannot succeed with this, send for a suriicon, and let him examine the parts ; but have recourse to no aperients, which may prove dangerous. If the anus closes convulsively, give L/niiHn. Hr'-'lat^onu'i or Li/cnpfuliuin. Leeches, inadvertently swallowed, give rise to painful consequences, as burning pain in the stomach, hiccougli, spitting of blood and slow fever, which reduces the patient visibly. These consequences may be prevented or removed by the immediate administration of a quantity of common salt, dis- solved Hn water, and occasionally melted butter. In children, sugar will sometimes relieve the symptoms. For the remaining symptoms, if any, give Arnica, and, some days after, Arsenicum. When other live creatures find their way into the stomach, if insects, let the patient swallow some sweet oil or salt butter; and if that fails to relieve him, a bit of camphor, the size of a pea, ground up with oil. When worms, snakes, frogs, &.C., get into the stomach, let thf patient drink sugar-water and eat sugar, until it acts as an aperient. If this does not succeed, give a smart emetic of Jpecaaian/i//, or mustard powder in doses sufficient to ])ro- duce vomiting. The bad effects remaining after the emetic has produced its action, will be obviated by .'sraelling camphor, and giving Ipecacuanha (if that was not the emetic used) several times, or Knx vomica. 7. Into the Skin. When any large substance gets under the skin, proceed as recommended \in(ler the head of "Wounds." We shall only mention the best means of re- nmving small, pointed particles, such as thorns, thistle-prickles, chestnut-burs, great numbers of which sometimes stick in the skin. In case they cannot lie extracted with a pair of pincers or tweezers, put oil on the spot, then take a common knife, not' too sharp, and scrape the skin slowly, applying the whole blade, as in shaving, and bear on moderately hard. If the thorns have entered obliquely, scrape the skin in such a direction as to press first upon the points. Continue this operation, applying oil constantly, until every thing is extracted. 'I'he same method may be pursued when S])linters of glass get into the skin ; but this is very painful and it is mostly better to let them come out by suppuration, if they cannot be extracted with the forceps, applying poul- tices to hasten the suppurative process. For the inflammation which some- times ensues give Arnica ; for the suppuration ilpar, follo;ved, if necessary, by Si/icea and in case the suppuration should be profuse, and the wound become deep, and neither tiiUcea nor llcpar bring about improvement, give Lachesis or Merciirivs. PART SECOND. TREATMENT OF DISEASES. CHAPTER I. AFFECTIONS OP THE HEAD. Giddiness, Vertigo. Giddiness sometimes arises from causes which medicine mayremore; such are : disordered or foul stomach, profuse evacuations, ardent spirits, narcotic medicines, and falls or blows on the head. Sometimes it is connected with other complaints, and can only be removed by attention to the general health of the patient. A person who is subject to giddiness should be moderate in eating and drinking — should rise early, walk frequently in the open air, and use now and then the flesh-brush in the evening. Aconite relieves giddiness with nausea, eructations and vomit- ing, cloudiness of the eyes, loss of consciousness, &;c. ; Pulsatilla or Antimordum crud., if there be disordered stomach, nausea and vomiting, repugnance to food, &c. Arnica^ that which arises during dinner, or after hearty meals, with dimness of vision, whirling in the head, flushed face, &c. In this kind of giddiness, which is always alarming, iVwcc vomica^ Chamomilla, Pulsatilla, PIuis and Cocculus, according to the disposition of the patient, will be beneficial. And abstaining from wine and liquors of all kinds is also requisite. Sul'phir or Calcarea sometimes cures the giddiness resulting from the suppression of old ulcers. h 10 (97) 98 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. Afercunus, if the giddiness appears only in the evening and is accompanied by dimness of sight ; Belladonna if there is sparkling before the eyes when moving, increased by stooping ; Cocculus, against vertigo, which is increased by sitting upright in bed, and also if caused by the motion of a carriage. Pho8- phorus, if the giddiness is accompanied by headache and a feel- ing of pressure on the top of the head. Giddiness from close thinking is relieved by xVmcc vomica , from looking up, by Pulsatilla ; on moving — better when lying — China ; in bed, Hux vomica; on lying down, Rhus; on rising, Gham/)milla ; on stooping, Aconite, and afterwards, Belladonna; from riding, Hepar^ and afterwards Silicea ; when sitting, Pulsa- tilla. Giddiness, with partial loss of consciousness, or agitation. Bel- ladonna; so bad as to make the patient apt to fall, or fear that he is going to die, Rhus ; with buzzing in the ears, headache, heat or paleness of the face, dimness of the eyes, Pulsatilla, worse when at rest, when shutting the eyes, when it becomes dark before the eyes, Avith headache, nausea and sneezing, Apitim virus; with weakness in the head, China; with bleeding of the nose, Sulphur; with fainting, Chamomilla, suhsequentlj, Hepar. Weakness of Memory. Weakness of memory, from bleeding, purging and other debilitating causes, is removed by China or Lachesis; in old, chilly people, who easily take cold, if they prefer staying in the room, Nux moschata ; if they like to be in the open air, though they take cold every time, Cepa ; that from blows on the head,* Arnica; from spirituous liquors, Nux vomica ; from fright, anger, vexation, select among the remedies recommended in Part L, Chapter I., particularly ^com'^e and Staphisagria : from damp air, Veratrum, Rhus, or Carlo vegetabilis; with determination of blood to the head, particularly Aconite and Belladonna ; if one cannot fix his tlioughts upon one particular thing, Apium virvbs; and among the remedies prescribed for these causes, China, Rhus, Mercurius, or Suljjhur. CHAP. I. AFFECTIONS OF THE HEAD. 99 Benefit will be derived from washing the head every evening with cold water, and tying a handkerchief round it ; and every morning washing the forehead and eyes iu very cold water. A better remedy, perhaps, is to place the feet, up to the ankles, before going to bed, in very cold water for two or three minutes, after which rub them well with a coarse towel. Determination of Blood to the Head. This is a very troublesome, and when of long continuance, a dangerous complaint. If the arteries in the head can be felt to beat as the pulse beats ; the veins of the head and neck are swelled, the head feels full; frequently giddiness takes place, particularly when stooping or when walking in 'the sun; if the head over the eyes feels like bursting — worse when, stooping and coughing — give Aconite ; if it does good, repeat it. Cold applications to the feet are also of benefit. At the same time abstain from coffee, wine and ardent spirits, and be moderate in the use of warm drinks — but drink freely of cold water, and wash the neck and head frequently with it. If it comes on suddenly, the brain feeling as if expanding, becoming larger and larger, with heat and beating in the head, particularly in the temples down to the neck, give Ghnoine. If this should not afford relief, and the patient is very irritable or passionate — has drunk much ardent spirits, or has been much confined, give Nilx vomica. Belladonna^ if there are severe jerking, burning, shooting pains on one side of the head or violent pressure in the forehead at every step or motion, increased by stooping, or even by noise, or the glare of light. Aconite^ if accompanied by sparkling, flickering before the eyes, seeing double, buzzing in the ears, frequent fainting, stupid, heavy sleep ; if children are teething, or when girls have arrived at the age of puberty, or if they have caught cold during menstruation, particularly from wet feet; Belladonna may be given afterwards. 1. Caused by joy or excitement. — If occasioned by excess of joy, or accompanied by great excitement, give Cqffea ; after 100 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. a fright, Opium; after vexation, Ohamomilla; after suppressed vexation, Ignatia ; after anger, N^ix vomica^ as mentioned before, when treating of these causes. When caused by a fall or blow upon the head, Arnica, which may be repeated in twenty-four hours, if requisite. The bleeding from the nose which is apt to accompany it, should not be interfered with. 2. Caused by debility. — If the determination of blood is caused by great debility, give China; if it returns every time after taking cold, Dulcamara ; if it returns after lifting some- thing heavy, Rhus ; when at the same time the patient perspires too easily, and too much, Mercurius ; if he feels cold, let him smell camphor a couple of times. If, in spite of all these reme- dies, it returns, give Sulphur^ if the patient has not already had this medicine ; if so, give Hepar^ and if this fails, a fortnight after, tSilicea, but not more than two or three times. If the first mentioned medicines do not speedily afford relief, and there appears to be dangei", make a poultice of oatmeal and wrap it quite warm around the feet ; or bathe the feet in very warm water, and repeat it fre- quently until there is an improvement, or until a feeling of chilliness comes on ; if the bowels are constipated, give injections of milk-warm water. Headache. In the treatment of this common complaint, we may frequently be guided by the causes which produce the pain, or by the complaints which accom- pany it; it is, however, necessary to distinguish the different kinds of head- ache, as the same medicine may prove beneficial or injurious under different circumstances. 1. Headache from determination of blood to the head, or from inflam- mation, is usually throbbing, attended with heat, the arteries in the neck may be seen to beat ; if the pain increases, vomiting ensues ; the headache becomes worse after shaking, moving the head, lying down and stooping ; sometimes better when standing. Among the domestic remedies, vinegar is the best ; place crusts of bread, which have been soaked in vinegar, on the- temples, and give injections of warm water ; if this does not afford relief, mix some vinegar with the water; bathe the feet in warm water, and afterwards rub them with flannel. Persons who are liable to this complaint, should accustom themselves to drink plenty of cold water, and rub the head every morning with a cold, wet cloth, particularly the forehead and temples, and bathe the feet in a shallow cold water foot-bath every evening before going to bed. In such cases it is customary with some physicians to apply ice, sometimes in a bladder. As cold water, if necessary, made cold by ice, and applied to the head with pieces of cloth, will afford all the relief that can be expected CHAP. I. AFFECTIONS OF THE HEAD. 101 from cold applications, it is just as absurd to expect more from ice, as it would be to attempt to cure a headache that is relieved by pressure, by knocking the patient on the head with a club. No patient ought to allow his physician to do such a thing, it has always bad, and sometimes dangerous results. Aconite may be given and the vinegar discontinued, when the pain is very severe, with a burning sensation over the whole brain, particularly in the forehead; the face red and bloated ; the eyes red ; when the pain is accompanied by talking incoherently, or raving. If there should be but little or no improvement, Belladonna may be given in alternation with the Aconite. Belladonna is especially indicated when the pain is deeper seated, is oppressive and heavy, and the face pale and haggard, with unconsciousness, incoherent talking, murmuring, drowsi- ness. It should not be repeated too often. Pulsatilla is preferable when the pain is dull, oppressive, on one side only, very harassing and weakening; if it commences in the back part of the head or at the root of the nose, and goes back ; is mitigated by compression or by lying down; is worse when sitting, better when walking; if the head is heavy, the face pale, with dizziness, agitation, inclination to cry. Rhus, when there is burning, throbbing pain, with fulness of the head, oppressive weight, crawling, or a sensation as if a fluid were rolling inside, or as if everything were loose, and particularly when it comes on after meals. Glonoine for throbbing headache in the temples, with a sense of constriction about the neck, very rapid pulse, and when the headache is increased by the slightest movement, and is tran- siently relieved by the application of cold water. 2. Headache from causes which lie in the blood. — If such a headache makes its appearance after meals, with great drowsiness, stiffness, and pains in the back of the neck, the speech being thick, or the face distorted, the mouth drawn to one side, the limbs falling asleep, send at once for a physician, and until his arrival give Belladonna or Nux vomica ; bathe the 10* 102 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. feet in liot water, and otherwise treat the patient as recom- mended under "Apoplexy." 3. Headache caused by cataekh is mostly in the forehead, oppressive, burning, better in the morning, worse in the even- ing, the eyes full of tears, sneezing, dry heat in the nose, frequent chills, sometimes a little cough ; in this case it is advisable to draw warm water into the nose, and drink cold water before going to bed. Aconite should be given for this kind of headache, if it is better in the air, but worse when talking. Cina^ if it is worse in the air, when reading or thinking, if it presses like a load, is drawing and tearing, the nose commences to run, or itches or is stopped up ; Arsenicum if there is running from the nose, the discharge being acrid, burning, if it causes hoarseness, restlessness, and is accompanied by buzzing in the ears, throbbing in the forehead, nausea, is better in the air or in a warm room. Cepa if worse at night and in the room, better in the open air, with sparkling before the eyes, fulness and heaviness in the head, particularly in the back of the head. For other remedies, see " Catarrh." 4. Headache FBOii rheumatism. — Chamomilla is the best remedy for rheumatic pains in the head, especially when toe following symptoms are present: pains of a tearing and di'awing character, which change their seat frequently. If Ohamomilla fails to give relief in a few honrs, give Pulsa- tilla in the morning or N^ux vomica in the evening ; if it goes to the nape of the neck, the ears and the temples; the head is painful externally when touched or moved ; worse in bed towards midnight, frequent perspiration, &c. Frequent bathing of the feet in warm water, combing the hair in the evening, and also drawing hot vapor of water into the nostrils, is sometimes of service ; especially when small swellings appear in different parts, or when vomiting gives relief. Ipecacuanha will be of service when the pains are more of a CHAP. I. AFFECTIONS OF THE HEAD. 103 gouty character, (that is, the gnawing and tear ng is more intense) and are relieved by heat and vomiting. Ignatia when but little relief is experienced from Ipecacuanha^ and particularly when the worst pain is over the nose, or is digging, piercing, tearing, deep in the head, and better when stooping or lying down. Nux vomica when there are shooting pains in the side of the head, worse in the air or when stooping. Coloynthis will sometimes relieve rheumatic pains of the severest kind, after the failure of other remedies. Eelief is also often obtained by drinking some coffee without milk. For rheumatic gout in the head, when the pains are tearing and beating all over the head, with a sensation as if it were coming apart, with agitation, restlessness, tossing about, nausea, with rising of wind and retching, Ipecacuanha^ Nux vomica and Bryonia will sometimes afford speedy relief. 5. Headache from disordered stomach and bowels. — When produced by uiidigL'sted food, strong coffee without milk or sugar is very useful ; but *f by a deranged stomach, give the remedies recommended under that head ; if the bowels are constipated, injections of warm water will give relief. The symptoms accompanying this kind of headache are: a furred tongue, bad taste, entire loss of appetite, nausea or vomiting, coming on at an early stage, and increasing with the pain. If, on the contrary, the headache is of a neu- ralgic character, it produces nausea and vomiting at a later and highly aggravated stage. If headache is the cause of the sickness of the stomach, give the remedies for headache; but if the disordered stomach is the cause of the headache, give the remedies for disordered stomach. 6. Headache from Constipation. — Nxix vomica will be indi- cated if walking or moving the head makes the brain feel sore, if there is pressing in the temples, and neither sitting up nor lying down gives relief; when the eyes are dull with inclination to shut them, and sleeplessness notwithstanding; if the head feels heavy, particularly when moving the eyes ; as if it would burst during mental application; when it is worse in the morn- ing, in the open air, or after meals ; and particularly after coffee, or when there is a loathing of coffee. Pulsatilla when the pains are only on one side, with little 104 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. determination of blood, with shivering, no thirst, when the patient is of a mild and quiet temperament, inclined to weep and is agitated. Bryonia when the head feels as if pressed together from both sides ; and when on stooping, as if everything would fall out of the forehead ; when the nose bleeds, without aflbrding relief; when the eyes water and burn. Opium if the pain is violent, with a tearing, bursting sensa- tion in the ft)rehead, visible throbbings in the temples, con- siderable congestion of blood, restlessness of the eyes, much thirst, dryness of the mouth, sour eructations, inclination to vomit, and even foul and offensive vomiting. Mercurius will frequently suit, when the head seems full to bursting, as if tied with a bandage, worse at night, tearing, burning, boring, shooting pain. Ipecacuanha if nausea commences with the headache, if every part of the head to the very tongue feels as if bruised, if there is vomiting or retching. Veratrum or Lycopodiuni, will be beneficial if continued costiveness occasions a determination of blood to the head, with pains on one side, oppressive throbling as if the brain were bruised, with a strangling sensation in the throat, or with stomach-ache, with painful stiffness in the neck, frequent emission of pale colored urine, nausea and vomiting. 7. Sick Headache. — Sanguinaria will give relief if the pain comes on periodically, or if it begins in the morning and lasts till night, with a fulness of the head, as if it would split, or as if the eyes were pressed outwards ; or if there is a shooting, stinging, beating pain throughout the head, but more in the forehead and worse on the right side, attended with chills, nau- sea, vomiting, inclination to lie down, and if the symptoms are made worse by motion. Belladonna is the next best remedy, when the pains are worse on the right side, when the external part of the head is very sensitive, the veins of the head and hands being swelled, — pain- ful waving in the head, buzzing in the ears and dimness of the CHAP. I. AFFECTIONS OF THE HEAD. 105 eyes. It is likewise beneficial in the Avorst pains, extending to the eyes and nose, on one side of the head, with a pressing, cleaving, rolling sensation, augmented by every motion, by turning the eyes, by a bright light, by every noise, the sound of steps, in fact at every concussion ; when there is a jolting sensation in the head and forehead at every step, or on going up stairs ; also when the pain returns every afternoon, and con- tinues till after midnight, aggravated by the warmth of the bed, or on lying down; worse when in a draught. Also, in pains which commence like a breath, changing to an acute pain, seiz- ing half the head ; sometimes piercing momentarily, but so penetrating as to deprive the sufferer of his senses. Aconite will often remove such pains on the left side, and if it is not entirely gone, an hour after having given Aconite, give Sulphur or Silicea, with which the symptoms may be conipared under the head of " Nervous Headache." Apium virus is best, if the head feels too full and too large, with heaviness and pressure in it, especially when rising from a sitting or lying position, always increased in a warm room, easier by its being squeezed with both hands ; also, if the eyes are effected ; at night, chilliness from every slight movement, face and hands hot; if accompanied by nettle-rash, with boring, piercing jerks, or if the rash had suddenly disappeared, or if different parts of the patient's body are very sensitive to the touch. Spjigelia is suitable in the worst pains on the left side, if they are attended with an insupportable beating in the temple, and with pain in the whole left side of the head, and sometimes pain in the face and teeth, increasing as the sun mounts in the sky, or augmented by stooping and motion in the open air, with the greatest sensibility to the least noise, and if attended with a fetid odor from the mouth. In selecting a remedy the following indications may be takeu as a guide : Belladonna, if the pain is accompanied with great sensitive- ness U the light. 106 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. Spigelia, if the pain is accompanied with gmat sensitiveness to noise. Sanguinaria, if the pain is accompanied with great sensitive- ness to the walking of others in the room. Sulphur or Aconite^ if the pain is accompanied with great sensitiveness to all kinds of odor. 8. Nervous Hradache. — The head is generally cool, the face pale, in the begiiming the patient sometimes discharges a colorless urine; vomiting givfs relief; the headache, however, returns frequently on one side only, or is boring, as if produceil by a nail, on particular spots ; touching the head in- creases the pain. Lying down quietly in a dark room mitigates the pain during the paroxysms ; it may be prevented by frequent washing in cold water, by rubbing and brushing the skin, and by using the medicines indicated below. Drinking coffee is so injurious in this kind of headache, even if it should give relief during the attack, that the patient must abstain from it entirely. Goffea will give relief in violent, drawing, pressing pains on one side of the head, as if a nail were driven into it ; or, as if the brain were shattered, crushed and torn, recurring on the slightest occasion, after close thinking, vexation, taking cold, eating too much, &c., with a distaste for coffee, sensitiveness to the least noise, even music ; the pains appear intolerable, making the patient fretful; he is almost beside himself, shrieks and cries, tosses about, feels much agitated, dreads the fresh air, and is chilly. It maj be followed by Nux vomica or China, and sometimes Ignatia and Pulsatilla. Aconite often proves efficacious when the pains are most vio- lent ; when the patient lies unconscious, with retching, crying, and lamenting, and apprehension of death; the least noise or motion is intolerable; the pulse very weak and small, stopping at intervals ; particularly when the pain is throbbing, shooting, or like cramp over the nose, aggravated by the reading and speaking of others; also in headache from cold, with catarrh, buzzing in the ears and pains in the abdomen; also with the disagreeable sensation as if a ball were rising up into the head» producing a sensation as of cool air. Ignatia will relieve a pressing pain above the nose, which is mitigated by bending forward ; pressing outwards from vrif,hin, shooting and throbbing; tearing in the forehead, as jf a nail CHAP. I. AFFECTIONS OF THE HEAD. 107 were driven through the head, piercing deep into the Drain ; with nausea, darkness before the eyes, aversion to ligut, pale face, plenty of colorless urine ; the pains often cease for a time when the position is changed, and frequently return after meals, at night after lying down, in the morning after getting up ; the patient being very nervous, fickle-minded, taciturn and dejected. Aconite may be given for the symptoms mentioned after Bel- ladonna, under the head of "Sick Headache," and \^ Aconite has not a good effect, give, some hours afterwards, Belladonna, and leave it to act at least from six to twelve hours ; if the sensation then continues, as if there were water in the forehead, and does not gradually disperse, Platinum may afford relief, particularly when there is a sensation of coldness in the ears, the eyes, on one side of the face, and about the mouth ; or if everything trembles and flickers before the eyes, and objects appear smaller than usual. You may also give Mercurius when Belladonna has ceased to operate, or when the pain shoots down into the teeth and neck ; acute pains in the ears, only on the left side ; or when always very violent at night, with perspiration, which affords no relief. After Mercurius or Belladonna, sometimes Hepar is suitable, especially when the pain is as if a nail were driven into the head, with violent, rending pains during the night, as if the forehead would burst, and when painful lumps appear on the head. Veratmm is frequently of use in nervous headache; when there is painful sensitiveness of the hair ; when accompanied by diarrhoea, and the pains are so severe that the- patient almost loses his reason, becomes very weak and faint, is worse on get- ting up and when lying in bed, with cold perspiration, chills and thirst. For other symptoms see Veratrum, under " Headache from Constipation." Pulsatilla will remove the tearing pains, which grow worse in the evening, or are throbbing and tingling, after rising in the morning, and in the evening after lying down ; with jerking, shooting, tearing in the temples, particularly when the pain is confined to one side of the head, and is accompanied by fi-equeut 108 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. giddiness, sickness of the stomach, heaviness of the head, dim- ness of the eyes, which cannot bear the light; buzzing in the ears, or shooting, jerking, and tearing ; pale, distressed counte- nance, no appetite, no thirst; chilliness and agitation, with occasional bleeding at the nose, and palpitation of the heart ; when all the symptoms are worse when at rest or sitting, and become better in the fresh air ; when the headache is relieved by ])ressure or a tight bandage. It answers best with mild, phlegmatic persons. Bryonia is good for burning and oppressive pains in the head, or when, while stooping, it seems as if something Avere about to fall out of the forehead ; worse when walking ; or more external tearing, extending to the face and temples, or pressing, boring, rending in particular spots, especially with persons suf- fering from rheumatism, and of petulant, passionate temper, Rhus will frequently be found of service after Bryonia Nux moschata, if the brain feels loose and wabbling when shaking the head ; worse after every meal, particularly after breakfast; with sleepiness; if one cannot bear any pressure on the temples; if the pain goes from right to left; if better from warmth ; worse from cold, particularly from wet, cold weather ; and for sensitive, inconstant people. N^ux vomica, as before mentioned, is suitable for headache from constipation and coffee drinking; also when the pain resembles the piercing of a nail, or stinging jerks, with nausea and sour vomiting ; when there is a shooting and oppressive sensation on one side, beginning early in the morning, and grow ing worse and worse, until the patient is distracted and well nigh delirious ; when the brain feels as if rent asunder, and the face becomes pale and dejected, the head heavy, with a buzzing noise and giddiness when walking; worse when moving the eyes, in the air, early in the morning, after meals, or when stooping; also, when the head is externally painful, and worse in cold weather. Chamomilla relieves pains in the head which are caused bv a cold, or by drinking coffee, when there is a rending or drawing CHAP. I. AFFECTIONS OF THE HEAD. 109 pain on one side, extending to the jaw ; acute, shooting pains in the temples, heaviness over the nose, or very troublesome throbbing; particularly when one cheek is red and the other pale, or the whole face bloated; when the eyes are painful attended by a sore throat or cold in the chest, or a bitter, offen- sive taste. It is useful for children, and for persons unable to bear the least pain, and quite unmanageable. China is most suitable for sensitive persons, and when the pain is oppressive, and prevents them from sleeping at night, or when there is tearing in the temples, as if the head were burst- ing ; boring in the top of the head whilst the brain feels as if bruised ; jerking, and rending, and rolling, and bursting; worse when walking, at every motion, and on opening the eyes ; relieved by lying down and being quiet; the skin is tender to the touch. For discontented persons; stubborn, disobedient children, who are fond of dainties, and have a pale complexion, red and hot only at times ; when they become very talkative, or are restless the whole night. It often suits after Coffea. Antimonium crudum may be given for nervous headache resulting from a disordered stomach or cold, or when an erup- tion has been driven in, and pains ensue ; particularly when they are in the bones ; for dull boring pains in the temples and forehead, also rending and tearing; the pains are relieved in the open air, aggravated by going up stairs. It answers well after Pulsatilla^ when the disorder of the stomach is obstinate, or when the headache causes the hair to fall out. Colocynthis is efficacious in the most excruciating headache, furiously tearing or when the pain is on one side, tearing, oppressive, squeezing; pressing in the forehead, aggravated by stooping and lying on the back ; in attacks coming every after- noon or towards evening, on the left side, with great restlessness and agitation; particularly when the perspiration smells like urine, with small or offensive discharges of urine; while during the pain, the discharge of urine is. considerable and very clear. Capsicum^ against throbbing headache, or that which is dis- tending, bursting, pressing outwards, worse when walking or 11 110 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. moving; tingling, tearing when at rest; when moving the head or eyes and stooping aggravate it, also worse in the air and cold ; with phlegmatic sluggish persons, who easily take offence, or with children who are very refractory, clumsy and awkwai'd ; particularly such as are afraid of the air and of exercise, and are chilly, especially after drinking. "When the above medicines do not afford relief, try the followinj^ : Sitlp/ntr for throbbing, tearing pains, with heat, principally in the morning and evening ; with nau?ea, worse in the air, better within doors ; tearing, with a stunning sensation and pressure ; it returns weekly; loss of hair after sup- pressed cutaneous eruptions, ulcers, or perspiration. Arsenicum for the same kind of pains, if worse within doors and better in the open air. Silicea also, for beating, throbbing pains, with heat and deterrpination of blood to the head ; when caused by exertion, speaking or stooping, with nightly pains from the neck to the top of the head ; for tearing pajn every forenoon ; when everything has a tendency towards the forehead and eyes ; when swellings appear on the head, the hair comes out, the skin is very tender, the pain extending to the nose or face, with perspiration of the head. Violent headache, with great weakness, indifference and despondency often indicates the approach of a serious disease which may be prevented either by Veratrum, Arsenicum ; or Phosphoric acid. 9. Headache caused by suppression of rheumatism, gout, eruptions, etc. When rheumatism, gout, erysipelas, eruptions or ulcers have been suppressed, a dangerous headache frequently follows, which ought not to be neglected. Give remedies recommended in these complaints ; and examine, at the same time, what has been said in the preceding pages relative to medicine for headache. If, in consequence of the suppression of the eruption in scarlet fever, ery- sipelas, measles, &c., pains in the head ensue, which, by degrees, make the patient unconscious, or if these symptoms occur in fever attendant on a cold in the head, or when a cold in the head has been suppressed, or from difficult dentition in children— there is no time to be lost. Take Cuprum metallicum, dissolve as much of it as will lie on the end of a penknife in a tumbler of water, and of this solution give to adults a dessert-spoonful, to children a small teaspoonful, every quarter or half hour; if followed by improvement, lengthen the interval. In all such cases, however, endeavor to procure a homceopathic practitioner, if possible. When the pain is seated deep in the sockets of the eyes, acute shooting pain through the brain, accompanied by weak- ness of the eyes, it is a symptom of approaching blindness. If neither Belladonna nor Sulphur give relief, apply without delay to a homoeopathic physician. When a pain always re-appears in the same spot, deep in the brain, and CHAP. I. AFFECTIONS OF THE HEAD. Ill there is on the other side of the body lameness, crawling, jerking, or similar symptoms, it can scarcely be cured — but you may apply to a physician. When aged persons have continual headache, and at the same time dis- charge but little urine, which is thick, turbid and offensive, it forbodes nothing good. They must drink freely of water, brush the skin well, and apply to a physician. For scald head, eruptions in the face, &c., see "Eruptions." Losing the Hair. When the hair comes out, but is immediately replaced by a new growth, no other medicine is required than frequent washing, brushing, and combing; but if it becomes thinner have it cut a little once a month, when the moon ig increasing. AVashing the head frequently in cold water, particularly in the evening, and afterwards binding a handkerchief around the head, will be of service when the hair is getting thin. If the hair is too dry, oil, grease, oint- ment and pomatum are injurious; washing once a week with fine soap is much better; if that should not answer, boil wheat bran, strain it, and wash the head once a week with the decoction. A thin lye made from the ashes of beech wood, is efficacious in some instances where the hair is drj', or where there is dandruff either loose or adhering very closely. It may be used by dipping a fine tooth-comb or a sponge into it, Icleansing the head afterwards with cold water. W^hen the hair splits, it may be advisable to use a little grease or oil — bear's grease is best — and to trim the ends every other day as long as the moon is increasing. When single bald spots appear, it may at times be serviceable to shave them and part of the surrounding hair ; if this does not succeed after a fortnight's trial, rub the spot once a week with a sliced onion in the evening, or with the pomatum mentioned below. When persons become bald after severe illness, washing the head morning and evening with pure spring water is very serviceable. If the baldness is hereditary, all attempts at preserving the hair are often , useless. When baldness appears early in life, the following pomatum is very useful ; melt the marrow out of beef bones by the fire, put a single drop of tincture of cantharides into a saucer, mix gradually as much marrow with it as will 'till the saucer, stirring and beating it up all the time ; with this mixture rub the bald spots once every third or fourth evening. [ If the hair falls out from debilitating causes, give China, and afterwards \Fern(iii. Also, for clammy perspiration in the hair, CA/wa is sometimes of [service. If the hair falls out in consequence of profuse perspiration, Mercnrius 'maybe given. After the use of quinine or bark, give Belladonna; after ; mercury, //cj'""' ov Carho vegeiabilis ; after much grief and trouble, Siaphis- \ayria or Flidspluiricacid. j After inflammatory diseases and nervous fevers, Htpar, Calcarea, Silicea or ^Lyc'i/.'oilhnn ; in chronic headache of a hysterical or gouty kind, if the cover- ings of the head cause great soreness, Hepar ; in frequent headache arising from Ichronic affections of the stomach and bowels, Lyropodinm, which is also bene- jficiul when the headache is attended with itching, and where there is much (dandruff. ! if all these remedies fail to prevent the loss of hair, take one drop of laurel joil, or oil of bitter almonds, and mix it gradually with two tablespoonfuls of |beef's marrow, melted over the fire, or still better with oil of sweet almonds. iOf this pomatum take very little on your fingers and pass them through the 'hair. Women are liable to lose their hair either from keeping it untied at jUight, cr from tying it too tightly. 112 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. CHAPTER II. DISEASES OP THE EYES General Remarks. Am, kinds of eye-water, salves and ointments injure the eyes : almost all of them contain more or less strong poison, and if they accidentally cure Oiie disease, in most cases a ne\A- and worse complaint makes its appearan^,e, sooner or later. Whoever values his eyes oui^ht to shun these poisonous and utterly useless things ; simple remedies internally taken, will generally eff'ect a cure — i)articularly when the eyes have not been injured by quackery. Pure cold water, as an external remedy, is the only wholesome eye-water; it does good in many cases when the eyes are painful, red, and burning, when there is cough or catarrh ; also in chronic affections of the eyes, with great aversion to light — growing worse on the slightest exposure — particularly to cold winds, or cold wet weather. It may be used by washing tb ? eyes fre- quently, or by applying cloths or pieces of bread which have been wet with it. In all cases when the patient cannot bear cold water, or wlien it proves useless, and when not merely burning, and a sensation as if there was sand in them, accompanied by intolerance of light, but when there are also violent pains and a discharge of acrid tears, lukewarm water will be preferable, applied either on a linen rag or with bread which has been soaked in it, renewing the application whenever the pain increases. When the eyes are very dry, and the eyelids close spasmodically, fresh olive oil is very useful. When erysipelas affects the eyes, which is known by the redness which spreads far around them, nothing wet should be applied, but instead, warm bags, tilled with bran or cotton wool. VVhen a salve is insisted upon, take the white of a fresh egg, beat it with a teaspoonful of the finest loaf sugar and a little camphor to a froth, and put it on the eye. '1 he most rapid cure, however, can be effected by the following remedies, dispensing with the camphor salve. Inflammation and swelling of the Eyelid. The eyelids are sometimes red, inflamed and swelled, when the eye-balls are not affected. For red, hard swelling, with burning heat and dryness, give Aconite ; if it has a good but merely temporary effect, repeat it; if the eyelids are pale, or yellowish- red, swelled, shining as if transparent, burning, with tension, and copious secretion in the eyes and nose, and perhaps fever, Aconite is also the first medicine: if not completely cured in a couple of days, give Apium virus, which is particularly suitable for every watery swelling, like erysipelas, around the eyes; eyelids swollen and sticking together; with a feeling of much . CHAP. ir. AFFECTIONS OF THE EYES. 113 matter in the eyes; much itching, burning and piercing pain; in case the pressing pain remains, or the lids feel sore, Hepar. When the swelling is bad, and the lids are much inflamed and continue red and hot, and there is a purulent secretion, Sulphur is preTerable to Kepar^ particularly if the eyes are con tracted in the morning and the patient cannot endure the light. If no immediate improvement takes place, repeat the Aconite, which will then have more effect. If Hepar has been given without producing any effect, particularly when the eye- lids burn and irch, and are swelled and red — when they stick together and bleed when opened — when the edge is turned inside out, or is heavy and feels as if paralysed, give Belladonna. When the eyelids are inflamed inside, red and painful, burning violently, and the eyes can scarcely be opened, give Arsenicum, but if they appear as if forcibly contracted, are swelled, difficult to open, and the pain is more acute, with ulcers on the edges, and scabs on the outside, give Mercurius ; and should it not produce a fivorable change, Hepar. Rhus is particularly efficacious in inflammation of the inner surface of the eyelids — which occurs in infants, and also in older children — when the ej^elids are contracted as if by spasm, and when forced asunder, a. thick, red swelling appears, and a secretion of mucus of a yellow color, and resembling pus, is discharged. Euphrasia is beneficial in the ordinary cases of chronic inflam- mation of the eyelids, which itch in the day time and stick together at night, are red and somewhat swelled, the edges ulcerated, wet and purulent, with winking, dread of light, con- stant catarrh, accompanied sometimes by a severe headache and by heat in the head. Kux vomica when the edges of the lids burn and itch, feeling very sore when touched, and adhere towards morning. Nux vomica may be used with advantage after Euphrasia, and Pul- satilla after Nux vomica. Mercurius should be given when the lids turn outwards, and tliere is pricking, burning and itching, or when there is no i 11* 114 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. pain. It may be followed, if necessary, by Hepar or Bella- donna. If these remedies fail, and the lids are quite red, with some mucus in the corners of the eyes, the eyes sensitive to the light, and a pricking pain in them, give Antimonium crud. "W hen the lids burn and smart when reading, and Sulphur affords partial relief, let the patient take Calcarea ; when there is a sense of crawling on the inside of the lid, increased in the evening with running of tears, China. Biting, itching and stiffness in the lids, as if paralj^sed, give Rhus; convulsive contraction and closing, Hyoscyamus ; the upper lids feeling as heavy as lead, give Ghamomilla ; con- siderable dryness, running of tears, with difficulty of motion and heat, give Veratrum. Stye on the Eyelid. A stye on the eyelid may generally be cured by Pulsatilla^ and often disappears soon after taking it. If much inflamed and painful, Hepar^ afterwards Silicea, and repeat this as soon as there is the slighest sign of its appearing again. Sometimes it may be removed by touching it with a cold key. Cold water is injurious; a warm poultice of bread and millc left on during the night is better. If they appear often, or leave hard lumps behind, or do not open, but become indurated, particularly when the eyes are apt to close with suppuration, Avith biting and burn- ing in the corners, where dry pus forms constantly, give Sta- phisagria ; sliould induration remain, give, after a week or two, Calcarea once. Inflammation of the Eyes. In inflammation of the eyes, or sore e3^cs, when not only the lie but the eye itself is affected, or the latter alone. Aconite is generally the best remedy, particularly when the complaint comes on suddenly, and increases rapidly — when the] whole eye is red, or full of red veins, runs much, and is very] painful. CHAP. II. AFFECTIONS OF THE EYES. 115 Crocus, if there is itching, pressing, burning and soreness of the eyes and lids ; thougli the burning is worse when the patient shuts the eyes, he is forced to wink and close the eyes often ; if the eyes loolc swollen, as after much weeping, with dryness; if the lids stick together in the night, and there are frequent twitchings and jerkings in them during the day. Apium virus, if the jerking and twitching is in the eye-balls. Also for inflammation of the eyes, with a piercing and boring pain in the head, that shoots towards the eyes; with great dread of light; with pricking, boring, itching pains in the running, red eyes. When the eyes are sore from a cold, with catarrh, headache, cough, sore throat, &c., the following remedies will be useful : Nux vomica, when the corners of the lids are more red than the eyes, or the latter are bloodshot and smart as if there was salt in them — when they burn with a feeling. as if there were sand in them, and there is increased secretion of tears — the pa- tient cannot bear the light, particularly in the morning; these symptoms are usually combined with fever, which is worse in the morning and evening. Chamomilla, particularly for children, when there is pricking, pressing, burning in the eyes, as if heat were radiating from them ; they are swelled and closed in the morning, or very dry, the patient being much irritated by the pain. Belladonna, when the white of the eye is quite red, or large red veins can be seen ; much heat, a discharge of sharp, burn- ing tears, or the eyes are quite dry, and much affected by the light — when the pains are spasmodic or deep-seated, accom- panied by a catarrh so severe as to make the nose sore ; pimples coming out about the nose and mouth, a short, Arj, panting and spasmodic cough, coming on in fits which last for some time. Belladonna also is useful when the sight has suffered, or flickering, sparkling and dimness remain. Euphrasia, when there is much aching in the eyes ; increased secretion of mucus and acrid tears ; when the lids are contracted. 116 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. and the eye is very red; accompanied with bad headache and catarrh in the evening. Cfepa, if there is much running of tears; redness, itching, pricking, burning in the eyes: swelling around the eyes, with running of the nose, and headache as stated before. Ignatia, when the pain is very severe, with slight redness, severe pressing, profuse discharge of tears, great dread of the light, catarrh very bad and running. K Nux vomica had not been given before, it is o^ten indicated after other remedies, particularly if great sensibility has re- mained. Rheumatic Inflammation of the Eyes. For rJieumatic inflammation of the eyes, the eye itself being red, the light insufferable, much discharge of acrid tears, prick- ing, tearing pains, not only inside, but also around the eyes, always worse in the heat, the following remedies are recom- mended : • Pulsatilla, after the worst inflammation has been removed by Aconite, but there are still severe pains remaining, of a piercing, boring and cutting character ; the light is insupportable, the pains worse in the afternoon and evening; when the complaint has returned several times, making the patient fretful, inclined to weep, and becomes worse from weeping. Byronia may be given after Pulsatilla has removed the pain but not the redness; when there is internal burning or aching as from sand, worse in the evening and at night, when the lids are swollen, and when opened give rise to pain in the head. Rhus against the same symptoms as Bryonia, when the latter does not effect a cure ; also when the eye continues to smart, aches and pricks, and discharges much water, the eyelids adhering during the night; or when there is sv^elling resembling erysipelas. Veratrum, when the pain is tearing, interrupting sleep at night, intolerable headache, much heat in the eyes, and a sensa- tion of dryness. I CHAP. IT. AFFECTIONS OF THE ETES. 117 A bad case, in which many remedies had been used without effect, was cured by Veratrum and Crocus, given alternately. Euphrasia is sometimes suitable, especially when small watery blisters appear on the eye, when the light becomes less offensive, but the pain more violent, and the redness so bad that every vein can be seen. Niix vomica, Chamomilla, and Ignatia are here suitable remedies for their particular symptoms, and still more frequently Mercurius and Sulphur, the indications for the choice of which are more particularly pointed out under " Scrofulous Opthalmia." Where the rheumatic opthalmia attacks the deeper tissues of the eye, as the iris, the disease assumes a more formidable character, but it would not be possible to convey by writing a description of the g^raver forms of the disease to the non-medical reader, nor to give to him intelligible indications for the remedies required. Gout affecting the Eyes. Aconite should be given first, especially when there is heat and burning in the eyes, with pressive and shooting pains, especially when moving the balls ; redness and inflammation, with intol- erable pains; profuse secretion of tears; sparkling of the eyes; great dread of the light ; with weight and fulness in the fore- head, and strokes and beatings in the head. Antimonium crudum, Sulphur or Cocculus may be given with advantage after Aconite^ particularly if there is nausea or side stomach ; redness and inflammation of the eyelids or corners of the eyes, with itching and nocturnal sticking together of the eyelids. Belladonna is frequently of service for the symptoms men- tioned under " Inflammation of the Eyes," and also when the pain is very oppressive all around the eye, above it or alongside of it ; if there is a pricking pain above it, as if the eye were about to be torn out, or pressed in ; when the pain is intermit- ting ; there is a flashing before the eyes, or the patient sees sparks or black spots with a bright border, or everything appears to him as in a fog, or through crape ; and when these symptoms are accompanied by giddiness and headache, so bad as to deprive him of consciousness. Colocynthis is serviceable against inflamed eyes, accom[ianied 118 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. witTi severe cutting pains whicli penetrate into the head, and press particularly into the forehead, or on one side of the brain: when they are drawing and tearing, or extend into the nose, or even through the whole body, with great agitation and restless ness. Eyes affected by Scrofula, (Scrofulous Opthalmia.) Many complaints of the eye arise from scrofula, which maybe distinguished by the symptoms enumerated under the medicines mentioned below; we meet with them in chiUlren who suffer from this complaint, or in grown persons who have suffered with scrofula in their childhood. When this disease has once weakened the eyes, they are liable to a relapse from cold and other causes, and dimness of the eye and ulcers on the ball of the eye are much more fre- quent. Aconite is often useful at the commencement of an attack, which it sometimes cuts short ; it should be given when the symptoms come on suddenly, the eye is very painful, red and intolerant of light. Pulsatilla often suits in the beginning, when the margins of the eyelids become red, burn, and a secretion of pus causes them to adhere ; when there is a profuse secretion of tears, which are so acrid as to make the cheeks sore, and a watery swelling of the lids ; when the eyes cannot bear the light. Examine also what has been said of Pulsatilla under " Inflammation of the Eyes." If it gives relief, but does not effect a complete cure, give Ferrum after it has been taken for a week. Belladonna if there is a sensation of severe pressure in the e3^es, which is worse when they are turned upward, when many red veins can be seen, and pustules and ulcers appear on the eye-ball ; when catarrh and other symptoms already mentioned under Belladonna accompany the disease, and arise from a cold, or from damp and cold weather. Mercurius for children who have not yet taken any mercury; when the pains are cutting, particularly on straining the eyes; worse in the evening and in the warm bed ; burning in the open air, the eyes full of tears, light insufferable, the sight clouded ; or small pustules or ulcers make their appearance on the cornea, CHAP. II. AFFECTIONS OF THE EYES. 119 and return with every fresb cold : it will often be of service after Belladonna has acted for a week or two. He-par may be given after Belladonna or Ilerctcrius, or to children who have taken much calomel, when the eyelids and eyes are red and sore, and being touched pain as if bruised, close convulsively, can scarcely be moved; the light is insutVer- able in the evening; the eyes appear at times quite dull, at other times bright and clear; there is a pressure in the eye as if it were coming out; and also when small pustules or spots appear on the cornea, and red spots externally around the eye. Give of this medicine a dose of the third trituration, about as much as will lie on the point of a penknife, daily for several successive days. Sulphur should be given instead of Hepar, when Belladonna or Mercurius has been given previously; but not after //e/>o?-; in cases where the eyelids are contracted in tlie morning, and the daylight is particularly odious to the patient, or be is quite blind during the day, and can only see a little during twilight; when there seems to be a mist before the eyes, the cornea is dim, appearing as if dusty; or when the eyelids are particularly affected, as noticed before. Also, when the white of the eye appears very red, is bloodshot, and there are little spots on it; when there is increased flow of tears and aversion to light, severe pressure in the eye-ball-, aggravated in the light of the sun. The third trituration may be taken daily or every otlier day, according to circumstances, and will be found very beneficial. Dulcamara is of great use when the soreness of the eyes pro- ceeds fi-oni cold, particularly when affected by reading, and everything appears covered with a veil ; when there is a sensa- tion like flashing of fire from the eyes; at the same time much pain over the eyes. If the patient feels better when quiet, and is disposed to keep so, and worse when moving about, do not iTivQ Dulcamara, but T&ther Belladonna ; but if worse when at rest, and he likes to walk about, give Dulcamara, allowing it time to operate. 120 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. Calcarea is sometimes applicable after Dulcamara or when ulcers and films make their appearance on the eye, accompanied by violent pressure, itching and pricking; or burning and cut- tiny; when reading in the evening; when there is a dimness and haziness before the eyes, particularly after eating, reading, sewing, &;c. ; also when there is a feeling of inward coldness. China should be given when the eyes are much more painful in the evening, feeling as if there were sand in them, or as if something were being forced into them; when the cornea has lost its brilliancy, or when on looking close into the eyes there appears to be a sort of smoke or fog in the interior. In this case it is necessary to consult a physician. Arsenicum is sometimes of use when the pains are of a burn- ing character, as if produced by red-hot coals, and when spots have already made their appearance on the eye. In affections of this kind the remedies before recommended in "Inflamma- tion of the E3'es" are suitable, especially Ignatia and Nux vomica ; in spots on the eye, Euphrasia are to be preferred above all other remedies. Sometimes inflammation of the eyes proceeds from the introtluction of very minute insects, Tliey may in general be readily removed in the mode de scribed before. The inflammation caused by them will be allayed by applying pieces of linen, moistened with camphor, to them, or by the use of the camphor salve before described. Very bad diseases of the eye are caused by the suppression of cutaneous eruptions, ulcers, or other diseases ; in such cases apply to a homceopathic practitioner. If they are consequent upon small-pox, measles, scarlet fever, see what is said under these different heads. Spots or films on the eyes should never be treated with corrosive remedies, as is but too generally the custom, and by which thousands have lost their sight. Rather give the eye rest, and if you cannot consult a physician, make use of the medicines prescribed above, allowing each to operate from a week to a fortnight ; Euphrasia, Apium virus, Fuhatilla, Hcfiar, Belladonna, Sulphur, Fhospho}-us, Calcarea, and Silicea are particularly effective. He who is not patient enough to try these remedies may use genuine pure nut oil. obtained by pressure and moderate heat from walnuts that are not more than a year old ; introduce one drop of it into the eye every evening. To white spots which are very thick, and much swollen, apply finely powdered table salt, with a hair pencil. The daily application of finely powdered white sugar will sometimes cause the removal of the film from the eye. For serious opacities of the cornea interfering very much with vision, a homa?opathic practitioner should be consulted, and sometimes the surgeon's aid will be required. CHAP. II. AFFECTIONS OF THE EYES. 121 Weakness of sight, with remarks on the use of Spectacles. Weakness of siglil. — This name is given improperly to all defects of vision. It is correctly used only when the eyes feel weak after the least exertion, refusing their services altogether, or are painful without any perceptible cause appearing in the eye on examination. Short-sightedness is not weakness, for we often find it in the strongest eyes, and principally in young people whose occupation leads them to look at objects very closely ; it is merely an inca- pacity to minutely distinguish objects at a distance ; the more distant the objects are, the more confused they appear, and they can only be distinguished by looking at them for a length of time ; anything near appears very distinct, and even the most minute object can be distinguished accurately. Neither is f(ir-siijht<;dn&'!s a weakness, for it belongs to the strongest eyes, chiefly occurring in aged persons, whose calling has led them to examine things at a great distance ; it is an incapacity to distinguish minutely objects which are near ; the nearer small objects are, the less easily are they recognized. When the eyes are really weak, spectacles are always injurious ; they are only useful for persons either far-sighted or short-sighted. As much mischief has been done by the misuse of spectacles, we will caution our readers against the chief errors which prevail. Let no one who is neither short nor far-sighted ever wear spectacles, not even temporarily. If he is either the one or the other, and has weak eyes besides, let him use spectacles as seldom as possible. For weak eyes are always made still weaker by spectacles of whatever kind they may be; some- times they injure the eyes irretrievably. (ireen spectacles are without exception extremely injurious, and physicians are much to blame when they recommend their use. Every one may convince himself of their injurious effects by looking for a short time through a piece of green glass on white paper lying in the sun ; on suddenly removing the glass he will perceive a red spot on the paper. 'L'his proves that the eye is compelled to produce a red color ; to do this excites tlie eye, and the power of vision becomes enfeebled. Innumerable instances of the injnry done in this manner are on record. Green glasses are . worse to the eyes than brandy to the nerves. To protect the eyes against the glare of the light when walking over snow- covered regions, in bright sunshine, or when working near the fire, spectacles made of light wire with large round openings, in which, instead of glass, black I crape is fixed tightly, are most useful. The only color of glass allowable is |i a light blue, colored by cobaJtum, the color ought to be of such a shade that bright sunlight, when falling through the glass, appears snow-white, without blinding the eyes. Glasses of the color commonly known by the name of I " London xvi'i/ce," are injurious, they ought not to be used. Short-sighted persons should use concave glasses, which will present dis- I tant objects to them smaller and better defined. Those who are far-sighted must use convex glasses, which will make objects i' which are near appear larger and plainer. i As all kinds of glasses are adapted to a certain distance, they should only I be used for such a distance ; remote objects should not be looked at through a glass adapted to near ones, nor glasses used, calculated for a great distance, I to look at objects which are very near. [ Spectacles ought to be selected for the distance for which you most com- ! 12 122 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. monly rtviuirc tliem. Short-siglited persons should use glasses, which at Ihe dinlance lor which they are intended, diminish but little, the less the better ; for those which diminish too much injure the sight. Far-sighted persona should select glasses, which when used to read with at a proper distance, do not much enlarge the letters, the less the better; for when they magnify too much, they are also injurious to the eyes. It is often necessary to have a different kind of glass for each eye ; the one adapted to the left may injure the right; generally the latter is the stronger; try, therefore, each eye by itself. This should not be done immediately alter nil'als or after drinking; nor should several pairs of spectacles of different power be tried in succession, for they contract or dilate the pupil and prevent you from selecting those most suitable. It is better to try one pair every day. until you find glasses exactly adapted to your eyes. Tiie glasses ought not to make the eyes feel sore, it is a proof that they are too strong, that they are altogether bad, or that the eyes are too weak to use spectacles at all. It is rare that spectacles which are too weak produce pain in the eyes. Either change the glasses until you suit yourself, or wear uoiK! at all. When they cause any uncomfortable feeling, pressure in the eyes, or even in the head ; when they make you feel sleepy, produce -heat and redness in the eyes ; when you are often obliged to allow the eyes to rest, or when after the removal of the spectacles, some time elapses before you can see proper'y again ; or when the objects appear larger or smaller through the glasses than they used to do, it is high time to have your glasses changed, if you do not wish to injure your eyes. By a proper change of glasses the sight mvf be much improved. AVhen a short-sighted person sees objects through the glass smallei than he used to do before, he ought to have weaker or less concave oucyj ; if he sees them larger and less plain, he ought to have somewhat stronger or more concave glasses. When to a far-sighted person objects appear oLialler and less distinct, he ought to have glasses of greater convexity ; if they appear larger, glasses of le.ss convexity. The spectacles used ought to be as light as possible, and have slides to keep them firm without pressing; the larger the glasses are, the better; they should' be perfectly clear and transparent, without a red or j;reeu shade, without flaws, notches, streaks or cracks ; they should be well and uniformly ground. Glasses divided into two or more are injurious. The glasses should always be kept clear and bright, should never be touched with the bare finger, and be frequently wiped with soft buckskin. When taken off, they should be put on the sides, not on the glasses, and when they get scratched, they should be replaced by new ones. A skilful optician will be able to select suitable glasses when he is furnished with the exact distance at which the person can read large letter-press, which ought always to be de- termined. If they get broken, pieces of the broken glass nmy also be used, to select others exactly of the power wanted, at a higher or lower uaniber. Weakness, and the Defects of Vision. Those who suffer from weakness of the eyes from too much reading, sewing, and similar causes, must be very careful how they use their eyes, they must read or sew as little as possible by gas or candle light, never when the light flickers, never when the book moves as in riding,"never when lying down, never when the bright sun shines upon the book, never in the twifiiiht : very hurtful also is the light of the moon. If you are forced to use your eyes under CHAP. II. AFFECTIONS OF THE EYES. 123 such circumstances it is advised to do so from ten to fifteen minutes, then pause awhile, and so on; in reading or writing have the gaslight always behind you, above and back of the head. Weakness of the eyes may frequently be improved by washing the entire head every day in cold water. Bathing the eyes with a mixture, composed of a teaspoonful of old cognac brandy and a tumblerful of water^ may some times prove serviceable, but not always. Ruta is of service in weakness caused by excessive reading, sewing, &c., when everything before the eyes appears dusky and foggy, when nothing at a distance can be distinguished, and occasionally spasms of the eyelids occur. Apium virus, if after every exertion the eyes ache or the eye- balls twitch and jerk in the night. Short-Sightedness. Short-sightedness which is not of long standing, particularly if occasioned by inflammation of the eyes, may be cured by Pulsatilla; if the result of taking large quantities of calomel, by Carlo vegetahilis ; if occurring after nervous fever, or from other debilitating causes, by Phosphoric acid; after nervous fever with diarrhoea, China. Far-sightedness. Far-sightedness, produced by excessive indulgence in ardent spirits, will be removed by Nux vomica ; if accompanied by dimness of sight when reading, or running together of the letters, and dazzling of the eyes in the light, by Drosera. Or, if these are not suf&cient, by Suljjhur ; followed, if necessary, by Silicea for lean persons, or Calcarea for corpulent persons. But in all such cases it is better to consult a physician. Attacks of Blindness. Aconite will benefit sudden, temporary attacks of blindness; Mercurius, attacks which return frequently, but if the patient has taken much calomel, Silicea should be given instead. Belladonna is efficacious in night blindness, when the patient can see nothing after twilight, particularly if something red, or if sparks appear before the eyes, or a variegated circle around the candle, 124 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. Veratrum and Hyoscyamus^ when black spots or sparkling appears before the eyes. Sulphur^ ft^lluvved by SiUcea, is serviceable in attacks of day- blindness, where the patient can only see in the evening. Dread of Light. The shrinking fi-om the light, if the patient can bear nothing bright, is usually connected with other complaints, for which' tlic appropriate remedy must be selected. If this is not the case, give Aconite for two successive mornings, and wait a few days; at night give Nux vomica ; if no better alter three days, give Belladonna ; after eight days, Mercurius ; and after eight days again, Hepar, sometimes Calcarea. When the patient has so great a desire for light, that he cannot have it intense enough, give first Aconite; after waids, if necessary, Belladonna and Sulphur. Euphrasia may be given against shrinlcing from the light with headache, and when the light of a candle appears dark and unsteady. Apium virus if everything seems to whirl before the eves, and if the eyes feel as if full of mucus. Pulsatilla when a fiery halo or circle appears around the light, or the sight is dim, as if something needed to be wiped away, when everything appears double or is totally obscured. Belladonna when a variegated halo surrounds the light of the candle, when the patient sees red spots or a mist; if the objects appear double and there is incipient blindness. Veratrum for black spots and sparkling before the eyes, and double vision. Staphisarjria for dimness of sight, with black flashes and flickering during the day, in the night fiery, meteor-like appear- ances, or a halo around the light. Squinting of Children. Squinting of children, if the head is nuich heated, is often cured by Bella- donna; wbi^u occasioned by worms, by Hyoncyamus; after scarlet fever, Rhus CHAP. III. AFFECTIONS OF THE EARS. 125 or Cuprum; if it arises, which is very common, from the light always being kept on the same side of the bed of the child, place it for some tiu)e on the other side, or turn the child in the bed, so as to have the light on the other side ; aftenvards place the child in such a manner as to have the light iu front, which is the proper position. If this cannot be done, put a dark screen before the light. With older children this is seldom of much use. In these cases you may tie up the sound eye first every day for several hours, afterwards for several days at a time, so that they cannot see with it at all, and may thus learn to accustom themselves to use the squinting eye properly. If, in squinting, they turn both eyes outwards, put a bit of black court plaster on the tip of the nose ; if inwards, put a screen of shining silk on each side of the head, like blinkers. If all this proves unavailing, consult a physi- cian. CHAPTER III. AFFECTIONS OF THE EARS. Eruptions. Eruptions behind or in the ears. See " Eruptions." Mumps. ' Mumj)fi, a swelling of the great salivary glands lying under and in front \ of the oar, frequently occur with children, but r^e not dangerous unless they ' strike in. Sometimes the swelling extends over the whole neck, so that the ' patient can neither chew nor swallow, and increases for three or four days. Sometimes on the fifth or seventh day the swelling on the neck disappears, I and shows itself on the breast or testicles, which become red and painful, and I pain in the bowels or other symptoms make their appearance. [ The patient should be kept warm, not too much so, however, and care taken [ to prevent his taking cold in any way. All stimulating food and drinks should I be avoided, and no "external application made use of, with the exception of tying a cotton or linen handkerchief arouhd the neck. \ Mercurius is the principal remedy in this affection, two or three doses of which will in most cases effect a care. Belladonna will, however, be indicated if the disease assumes an inflammatory character, or the swelling is very red, resem- bling erysipelas, or when it strikes in, and effects the brain, which may be known by the sudden disappearance of the swell- I ii^g, followed by unconsciousness and delirium of the patient. I Bryonia is sometimes useful when the swelling suddenly dis- i appears and alarming head symptoms occur. i "" 12* 126 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. Carlo vegetaUlis when the patient has a slow fever, the swell- ing becoming harder and will not disperse; or when striking in, it falls upon the stomach; and also when J/ercwrms, given in the commencement of the disease, has failed in giving relief, or if the patient has previously taken much calomel. Should Carlo veijetahiUs be insufficient, it may be followed by Cocculus which is especially useful for the sickness attendant on, or following mumps. Hyoscyamus may be given for the symptoms indicated under Btlladonna, if the latter fails to produce a favorable change in thirty-six hours. When attended by pain in the throat, see under this com- plaint; when by much hoarseness, Carbo vegetabilis almost always proves efficacious. If the complaint occurs in combination with other aiffections of the ear or teeth, ia scald head, scarlet fever, measles, small-pox, malignant fevers, or after excessive use of mercury, see the remedies for these diseases. Inflammation of the Ear. . Tn inflammation of the ear there is generally redness, heat, pain and swel- ling. The jtassage or tube is sometimes nearly closed, and the pain so severe that the patient can scarcely bear the ear to be touched. Pulsatilla is almost specific in this complaint. Advantage will als ) be derived from covering the ear with cotton, to pro- tect it from the air and noise, if the pain is worse inside than near the surface ; sometimes accompanied by so violent a tear- ing, boring, throbbing, pricking and burning, that the patient becomes delirious, Pulsatilla will be the appropriate remedy. Belladonna will be required if the pain penetrates into the brain, with great agitation, vomiting, coldness of the extremities and other dangerous symptoms. Earache. Cepa, if the pain is worse at night and in-doors, more on the left side, if the pain goes from the throat or head to the ear and if it is accompanied or has been proceeded by catarrh. Chamomilla in single, acute, shooting pains, as if from a knife CK /P. in. AFFECTION'S OF THE EARS. 127 in he ears, caused by taking cold or suppressed perspiration ; tilt ear being dry and without wax; with tearing pains in the ear<, extending to the lobes; the patient very cross and easily off'^aded; the pains insufferable. *'ercurius, if the patient perspires without being relieved; wt^n there is a tearing pain extending to the cheeks, pricking def ' ily, at the same time tearing, pressing, burning pain; or wh.^n it burns externally, or feels cold inwardly, with violent twi"<;hes and jerks; particularly when the ear is moist. j Pulsatilla., if during the course of a rheumatic attack, the pai;* I fall:'' upon the ear and is attended by jerking, tearing pains, as if sTinething were about to be pressed out; or when the ear is ; extc< nally red, hot and swelled, the pain passing through the ; who^5 side of the face, particularly in persons inclined to chilli- '; ness and easily moved to tears. N tx vomica, for very violent earache, occurring in passionate, irras nble persons. A' nica, to very sensitive persons, who have a return of the pain on the slightest exposure, with oppression and stitches ia and behind the ears, also tearing, heat, and irritability at any loud noise. Cliiia, if the pain is more in the external ear, with redness pricking and tingling inside. I Belladonna, against earache, with stitches in and behind the ears; boring, screwing pain, Avith tearing and pricking down to j the throat, with ringing, buzzing and rushing, particularly when j the head and eyes are affected; the pains during the paroxysms I being worse wdien the parts are touched, or on moving about. Hcpar, against the same symptoms as Belladonna, when the latter is insufficient, and also against shooting pain on blowing the nose, with throbbing and buzzing. Calcarea, if the pains are chiefly confined to one side: deep in the ear, and so violent as almost to drive the sufferer to dis- traction ; especially if mostly on the right side, or worse aftei midnight, lowards morning, in the forenoon. X28 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. Sulphur, if the pain returns frequently; is on the left side, oi aggravated in the evening or before midnight. Platinum, if the pains are very severe, like cramps, with a jerkino-, rumbling and rolling sensation in the ears; the ears feel cold, and as if deafness were about to ensue, with a crawling sensation, extending to the face. Dulcamara, against pains which are worse when the patient is at rest; particularly during the night, and are attended by nausea. Jihus is very useful if the earache is caused by a cold. Other remedies, such as Phosphoric acid, Antimoninm cnidnm, &c., may be required in some cases. ;Make no external application; even oil may become injurious; hot vapors may burn the ear, and a part that is once injured cannot be restored. A sponge dipped in warm water and tied upon the ear, is the only application which will sometimes mitigate the pain without doing any harm. If the medicines are to take effect, no cotton must be crammed into the ear. This should only be resorted to in cases of need, as prescribed under " Running of the ears." Running of the Ears. Running of the ears is a complaint which must be borne patiently, because the most insignificant running may, when suppressed, produce serious conse- quences. A continued running of the ear is hard to cure. The use of the .syringe should be avoided. Oil, even, may be injurious, \w ause some of it always remains in the ear, and becomes rancid. Articles which become hard are still worse. Lukewarm water is the only fluid not injurious; use as much of this as is required for cleanliness. It is also well to put a little fine wool or cotton into the ear, in winter, to keep out the cold, and in summer to keep out the flies, which sometimes deposit their eggs in them in hot climates. When the patient feels the crawling of maggots, drop sweet oil into the ear until it is full, and proceed to remove them as directed in Chap. X. But important as it is to have something in the ears, particularly in summer and whilst asleep, when the discharge smells offensively, great caution is to be recommended in its application. "When the running of the ear remains after inflammation, or when accompanied by pain, particularly by pain pressing out- wardly; or the ear is hot and red, or covered with a scabby, itchy eruption ; or when the disease succeeds measles, give Pul- satilla; if that does not relieve, give Sulphur. For the running following scarlet fever, give Belladonna; and after a few days, if necessary, Mercurius, and then Bella- donna again ; if this is not .sufficient, Heimr. CHAP. III. AFFECTIONS OF THE EARS. 129 In running from the ears occurring after small pox, w'lnch is sometimes bloody, and combined with pricking pain; if out- wardly ulcerated, and the discharge is offensive, give Mercurms. But if the patient has taken much calomel, give Hepar ; if he has taken too much sulphur, give Pulsatilla^ and, a few days afterward s, Mercurms. Should it, notwithstanding, become very tedious, take as much potash as will lie on the end of a knife, dissolve it in a pint of rainwater, sliake it well, then pour a teaspoonful into the ear every day, until it begins to improve. If the discharge is purulent and tedious, give Mercurins, and eight days later, Sulphur ; and this last repeat once every week. Should it not improve under this treatment, give Calcarea. If there is a severe headache combined with it, give Mercurms or Sulj^hur ; if this gives no relief, Belhdoyina, and afterwards Lachesis. Should no benefit notwithstanding all this accrue, give, two mornings successively, Silicea, and repeat it after one or two weeks, if necessary. A tedious discharge is sometimes relieved by Causticum, particularly when the patient is fre- quently attacked with rheumatism. But if all these remedies fail, try injections of a weak solution of borax. Should the discharge, whether of long or short standing, be checked sud- denly, it is always dangerous. Examine the ear carefully with the ear-speculum or with a hair-piu, and if a crust or other obstruction has been formed, it may be softened by gently introducing into the ear the vapor or warm water. If there is no obstruction, and yet the passage is dry and painful, relief will be obtained by applying pieces of warm bread fresh from the oven to the enr ; changing them as often as they get cold ; or the ear may be held over a small loaf of warm rye or bran bread, through the crust of which a hole has been made previously. When the glands of the neck become hard and swollen after the suppression of the discharge, give Pulsatilla ; later, Mercu- riits or Belladonna. If severe headache and fever occur, give Belladonna first ; if no relief is obtained, then give Bryonia. If it is produced by a violent cold or wet feet, and the patient is better for exercise, give Dulcamara; but if better by keeping quiet, give BelJ-a- donna. If worse when warm in bed, Mercurius. If, after a suppressed discharge, a swelling like mumps takes k 130 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. place, give the remedies prescribed for mumps. But if the swelling be in the genitals, give Nux vomica in the evening; and if that does not relieve, Pulsatilla in the morning. Sometimes a violent headache arises, which becomes dull, with a pressure, as if the skull were too small ; the eyes become red; the pain is worse when moving, and followed by fever; sometimes spasms in the face occur, swelling of the head, loss of memory, &c. ; followed by a roaring and rustling in the ears, deafness, and a sudden discharge of matter. Let the ear be cleansed with lukewarm water, and the patient lie on the side affected, having a small cushion or folded napkin placed about the ear. If the malady is perceived before the purulent dis- charge, give Repar ; if not better in a few days, Mercurius. If this produces no marked result after three doses, give Lachesis ; after this again Hepar. The same treatment is to be observed when the running ceases suddenly. As soon as there is an escape of matter, the patient is safe, and nothing more is necessary to be dune, if this does not take place the patient may die. The most skilful physician cannot always cure this evil. Buzzing in the Ears. This complaint is generally connected with running of the ears and diffi- culty of hearing ; or with earache. Sometimes with " headache," and •' deter- mination of blood to the head." In such cases the appropriate medicines for these diseases should be given. If, however, it is unconnected Avith other symptoms, and arises from cold, is worse in the morning, Nux vomica is the proper remedy. Pulsatilla, if worse in the evening. Dulcamara, if worse in the night; to persons wbo perspire much, Mercurius ; to those who cannot perspire, Chamomilla ; to very sensitive persons who have taken much mercury, or suffer much from fever, or liver complaints, when the buzzing is more hissing, like a ringing or singing, give Ohina; but if louder, more like the noise of a humming-top, or when China does no good, Carbo vegetahilis. In old persons, especially if it is on one side, with great determination of blood to the head, which seems to cai se the buzzing. Arnica is beneficial, and must CHAP. in. AFFECTIONS OF THE EARS. 131 be repeated whenever it becomes worse. If it returns always with or becomes worse from wet weather, if it is worse in doors, particularly after going to bed, if it causes hard hearing, if it is accompanied by pain in the throat, running of tears, or trouble when making water, give Cepa. If it has been of long continu- ance, apply to a physician. Sometimes, when the least noise cannot be borne. Sulphur^ given once, and afterwards Aconite, several times, will do good. If this fails, give Carbo vegetabilis once, and Goffea several times afterwards. If attended with great sensitiveness when exposed to the wind, or with echoing of every step and word, with persons who suffer frequently from tearing pains in the limbs, give Causticum two successive mornings. Hardness of Hearing. This complaint is generally connected with other diseases, and will only cease when they are removed. When it is of long standing it cannot easily be cured • but that which is of a recent date is very easily removed. In chil Iren, and not unfrequently in grown persons, it is causeJ by some obstruction in the ear. The ear should be examined carefully, by placing the patient in such a position that the light may fall into the ear ; if an ear- speculum is at hand it will enable us to see down to the bottom of the ear passage. In case there is an accumulation of hard black wax in the ear, which can easily be detected, this must be removed by the syringe. Warm water alone should be used for injecting. It is dangerous to introduce hair- pins or ear-picks into the ear, as these can never extract the hardened wax, and they often push it still further into the passage, even as far as the drum of the ear, causing exquisite pain, and inflammation if it be not immediately removed. Caution is required in the use of the syringe, not to introduce the nozzle too far, nor to inject too violently. Whilst using it the outer ear should be drawn upwards and backwards in order to straighten the canal. If too great a dryness or want of wax is the cause of the deafness, sometimes Carho vegetabilis or Lachesis prove useful. The passage may be moistened by means of glycerine, which should be introduced into the ear at night on a little cotton wool. Hardness of hearing, attended with singing, tingling and twittering, is sometimes speedily cured by Veratrum. If connected with running, give the medicines prescribed for 132 TKEATMENT OF DISEASES. this complaint, especially Pulsatilla, Mercurim, Sulphur, Calca- rea, Gausticum. If it is in consequence of measles, Pulsatilla or Carlo vegeta- bills; after scarlet fever, Belladonna or Hepar ; after small-pox, Mercurius or Sulphur. If connected with cold in the head, and its general attendant, a sore throat, which is relieved by swallowing, gargling with warm water is advisable; if this does not cure it, give Chamo- milla, or Arsenicum, or Lachesis. If it arises from rheumatism, which has been suppressed by a cold, and has fallen upon the ear, give the medicines proper for the rheumatic pains, and afterwards Bryonia, Dulcamara, or Sulphur. If caused by suppressed eruption of the skin, or ulcers healed by salves, &c., give the remedies for these, particularly Sulphur or Aniimonium crudum. If the patient has been affected with piles, sometimes Nux vomica gives relief; if with nervous fever, Arnica or Phosphoric acid. If the tonsils are swelled, and cause hardness of hearing^, Mercurius vivus and Staphisayria frequently prove useful. In tedious complaints of this nature, dieting and drinking plenty of cold water is of great importance. If not removed by the means recommended above, consult a homoeopathic physician. Besides the above mentioned remedies you may, after comparing the. re- maining symptoms, take your choice among the following : Veratnim, Stapkis- agria, Arsenicum, Hyosojamus; and in very critical cases Silicea or Calcarea. Beware of all remedies which, in their application, must be introduced into the ear. It is a great mistake to think that the ear can bear more than the eye. It is more easily affected, only that the effects are not soon apparent. Afifections of the ear are generally very tedious and difficult to cure, and sometimes quite incurable ; whereas the eye can endure more, and recovers more speedily. CHAP. IT AFFECTIONS OF THE NOSE. 133 CHAPTER lY. AFFECTIONS OF THE NOSE. Pains and Eruptions. For pains and eruptions, see " Toothache, and Eruptions." Swelling of the Nose. Arnica^ when the nose is swelled in consequence of having received a blow, or when the swelling occurs without any appa- rent cause, accompanied by itching, and pain in the superior part of the bone, as if after a blow. Belladonna^ when the swelling is attended by catarrh, when the orifice of the nostril is swollen and sore, with redness, heat and pains, sometimes extending inwards, with burning, pricking and dryness ; the smell sometimes very sensitive, sometimes too weak ; and, where it does not suffice, Hepar after it. Mercurius in watery running from the nose, making it sore^ and when the nose is red, having a shining, swollen appearance, with itching, pains in the bone upon pressure. In these symp- toms it is better to begin with this remedy, and to give Hepar afterwards, or perhaps Belladonna. Hepar., in swellings occurring in persons who have taken much calomel ; and afterwards Mercurius. Bryonia is sometimes of service in tedious, painful swelling. Sulphur., in swelling, with black specks on the nose. Phosphoric acid., in chronic swellings, and also against red specks on the nose. Causticum., against warts on the nose. - Rhus, when the point of the nose is red. Arsenicum^ when it presents a coppery redness, accompanied with a craving for spirituous liquors. Rhus and Ruta^ for coppery redness, brought on by the immo- derate use ol liquor or not. 13 131 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. Bleeding of the Nose. Bleeding of the nose occurs in the course of many diseases, and frequently benefits the patient considerably. It ought not to be interrupted, unless it is too violent or lasts too long. Cold water, vinegar, sponges, corks, brandy, tinder, creosote, &c., applied inconsiderately, may have a very injurious effect. Filling up the nose is always useless ; it is better merely to compress it, and lo see^whethcr the blood stops, or whether it flows into the throat. The bleeding may be stopped by extending the arm which is on the same side with the bleeding nostril, upwards perpendicularly over the bead, though when the arm is taken down again the bleeding is liable to return. Arnica is the best remedy for bleeding of the nose occasioned by a blow, fall, or any external injury, and also when it is pre- ceded by itching of the nose and forehead ; when the nose feels hot, and the blood is of a bright red color. It is especially suitable for men. Pulsatilla, for women, especially those of a mild, quiet dis- position, or who have too weak a flow at menstrual periods, and also if the bleeding takes place during a catarrh, with alternate running and stoppage of the nostrils, and when the bleeding recurs in the afternoon, evening, or before midnight. Aconite, against violent bleeding, brought on by being over- heated, or that caused by determination of blood to the head, or by drinking wine; it is particularly applicable to persons of a pl'otlioric habit, with fever, flushed face and strong pulsation of the arteries of the temples and neck. Cliina in enervated and debilitated subjects who have fre- quent and long-continued attacks of hemorrhage, with great })alenes3 of the face, coldness of the extremities, convulsions, &;c. Bryonia against prolonged hemorrhage, especially in warm WL-atlier, from overheating or drinking wine ; also when the bleeding occurs chiefly at night, causing the patient to wake out -'' sle.'p, or in the morning; the disposition irritable or obsti- nate. Belladonna is frequently of service after or in alternation with one of the above remedies; when the hemorrhage takes place at night, or returns in the morning, or arises from over-heating, or drmking wine. CHAP. IV. AFFECTIONS OF THE NOSE. 135 Bhus, if the nasal hemorrhage was brought on by great exer tion, overlifting, straining, &;c., and is worse every time the patient stoops. Crocus for bleeding from the nose, when the blood is very dark, almost black, of a thick viscid character, and when the hemorrhage is accompanied hy cold sweat on the forehead, the disposition being at the same time very variable, laughing alternating with sadness. Nux vomica, bleeding at the nose which returns in the morn ing, also that from overheating, drinking wine, &c., or in habitual drunkards. Lachesis may also be required in tlie latter case. J/e?-c«rm6' when bleeding takes place at night during sleep and coagulates immediately in the nostrils in cone-shaped clots. Gina in children who are subject to worms, or when the bleeding is brought on by picking and rooting at the nose. Sulphur or Carho vegetabilis will frequently be found bene- ficial in persons who are subject to repeated attacks of nasal hemorrhage. They may be taken once or twice a weelc. If the above remedies fail in stopping the hemorrhage after a sufficient time has been allowed them to act, benefit may be derived, especially in bleeding consequent upon over-heating or drinking wine, from immersing the hands in warm water, and afterwards keeping quiet. A large key or other instrument of irca applied cold to the spine will often stop hemorrhage from the nose. Although plugging the nostrils is in most cases unnecessary, yet when the hemorrhage becomes alarming in consequence of great loss of blood — the remedies given having failed to check it ; or where the blood passes back into the throat, or where there is danger of suffocation, it may be resorted to. The posterior outlet may bo plugged by passing threads up through the nostrils and bringing them out at the mouth, fastening a small piece of lint or sponge to them and drawing them back again. 'I'he anterior outlet is easily plugged by pushing pieces of lint or sponge into it with a probe or small stick. Polypus of the Nose. A pear-shaped tumor which springs from the lining membrane of the nose, is called a polypus. It is usuaUy narrow at its root and expanded below, hence its name. One or both nostrils may be the seat of this disease. In consistence it is in some instances firm, fiesh;^ and very solid, in others, extremely soft and tender. The most common form bears in consistence, shape, color and size, a resemblance to the common oyster. When both nostrils are filled with the disease, the patient breathes with difficulty, and with a peculiar rattling noise. In the treatment of polypus the remedies wliich have been used with most 136 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. Buccoss are Calrarea, Phoaphonis, Staphv^agria, Silicea, and Sanguinaria. It ifi always best to consult a homoeopathic physician. Ozoena. A troublesome ulceration of the lining membrane of the nostrils, attended with fetid discharge, and sometimes followed by destruction of the catilages, and l)y caries of the bones of the nose, is termed ozoena. Its origin is pro- bably'in most instances connected with syphilis. In other instances, however, ' there are marks of a purely scrofulous taint. One of the most troublesome attendants of the disease is the accumulation of thick mucus or incrustations which sometimes block up entirely the pas- sages of the nose. This disease, if not checked, not only attacks the cartilages and bones of the nose, but extends to the cheek. If the" patient should recover after such ravages, he will be frightfully disfigured. Arsenicum or Lyopoi/itnn have been recommended, the former when the pains are very severe and of a burning and throbbing character ; the latter, when the discharge is thick and yellowish. Consult a physician. Catarrh or Cold in the Head. ] Mercurius is a principal remedy in epidemic catarrh, (influenza or grippe,) when many persons are affected with it at one time; especially if there is constant sneezing; soreness of the nose with constant watery discharge ; offensive smell ; profuse per- epiration at night ; the catarrh worse in the morning, and also when accompanied by fever ; the patient does not like to be alone, and has much thirst, feels the heat uncomfortably, yet cannot bear the cold. If, after twelve bours the symptoms are milder, give nothing more ; if they have been better and become worse again, give Hepar. It is especially serviceable for children, and catarrhs caused by suppressed perspiration with fever and pains in the different parts of the limbs. Hepar may be given instead of Mercurius to persons who have previously taken much calomel : and also when the catarrh is renewed by every breath of wind, or when the catarrh affects only one nostril, and the headache is increased by every movement. If, after waiting twelve hours, Hepar does not prove effective, give Belladonna. Cepa for the common catarrh, which attacks many people at the same time, and is caused by wet, windy weather; which commences generally on the left side; with much sneezing, CHAP. IV. AFFECTIONS OF THE NOSE. 137 mucli running of the nose, which is inflamed and sore down to the upper lip ; with running of the eyes, headache, cough, thirst, heat, pain in the teeth or all over, worse at night and in a room, better in the open air and in the cold. Lacliesis will be useful in catarrhs of the severest kinds, witb profuse watery running from the nose, accompanied with great soreness and swelling. Arsenicum, when there is not much fever, heat or thirst ; the patient is restless, particularly at night ; drinks often, though but little at a time ; is very weak and easily agitated ; the dis- charge acrid and corrosive; excessive soreness of the nostrils and violent burning of the nose, both internally and externally. Exercise and warmth are agreeable, and exposure does not aggravate the disease. Nux vomica, for the same symptoms as Arsenicum, when the latter causes no improvement in twelve hours, or when the catarrh is fluid during the day, and dry at night; the mouth dry and parched without much thirst; tightness of the chest and constipation. This remedy is also particularly useful in alternate fever and chilliness, especially in the evening, and also. when there is great heat of the head and face. Ipecacuanha, when Arsenicum or Nux vomica appear to be indicated, but are insufficient. Dulcamara, when the patient feels better when in motion and worse when at rest, and the slightest exposure renews tho obstruction. Pulsatilla when there is not so much soreness of the nose, but the patieat is at once deprived of appetite and smell ; the mucus discharged is thick and yellowish, or sometimes green and offensive. Euphrasia is serviceable in catarrhs accompanied by a dis- charge of white mucus from the nose, and soreness and watery running of the eyes. Ghamomilla frequently cures catarrh with ulcerated nose, chapped lips, one cheek being pale and the other red, with chilly and thirst. 13* 138 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. If a patient is subject to very frequent recurre.ice of catarrhs which are very difficult of cure, it will often be found that he eats too much salt. In this case he should be as moderate in the use of salt as possible, and smell now and then sweet spirits of nitre. For catarrh, which lasts long or returns again and again, the nose either running or stopped up, take Silicea two mornings in succession. When the catarrh has been supjyressed, and headache is the result, give Aconite, and if the catarrh does not return soon, give Pulsatilla, China, or Cepa. When there is difficulty of breath- ing^, give Ipecacuanha a couple of times, and if the patient does not improve, Bryonia; let the patient drink hot water, with milk and sugar, and let the vapor of hot water pass up the nos- trils. If none of these medicines afford relief, give Sulphur. If the catarrh is connected with other complaint?, particularly with those mentioned in the subsequent chapters — such as affections of the breast or lungs, hoarseness or cough, look under these respective heads for the nects- sary remedies. Never suppress a cold either by cold or drugs; it is always a purifying process. Nobody takes cold who has not other impurities in his system. One is much more liable to catch cold after eating or drinking sharp, superfluous or indigestible things. Many children will not get rid of a cold as long as they indulge in too much sugar, syrup and other sweets. There are whole families, every member of which will have a cold in the head for three days every time they eat of roasted goose CHAPTER V. AFFECTIONS OF THE CHEST. Hoarseness. Amono the common domestic remedies for hoarseness, there are many which are decidedly injurious ; and others, which, if they do good, always leave after them a disposition to a relapse. Hoarseness, when it returns frequently, is always a serious complaint. It may sometimes be relieved by mixing rock- candy with the yolk of a fresh raw egg and taking this two or 'three times at Dight ; a perfect cure, however, can best be effected by the following remedies Chamomilla, especially in children, if there is hoarseness with CHAP. V. AFFECTIONS OF THE CHEST. 139 catarrh, tough mucus in the throat, with dryness, buraing and thirst; the temper cross, vexed or morose and taciturn. Nux vomica^ in persons of sulky, quarrelsome, obstinate and headstrong disposition, against a rough, deep, dry cough, arising from dryness in the throat, with tightness of chest and sore throat, the mucus not loose, attended by alternate chills and heat. Pulsatilla, for hoarseness accompanied with stinging and sore- ness in the throat and palate ; pain when swallowing ; catarrh, with much yellow, green and offensive discharge ; a loose cough and pain in the chest, with chills ; without thirst ; and with a capricious appetite. It is particularly applicable when the patient has been several days unable to raise his voice; if Pul- satilla does not suffice, give Sulphur. Mercurius is the principal remedy when the voice is hoarse and rough, with burning and tickling in the larynx — a disposi- tion to perspire, which does not, however, relieve the patient, and when every breath of air aggravates the case. Capsicum in hoarseness accompanied with itching and obstruc- tion of the nose, or with cough producing pain in different places. Rhus, if there is hoarseness with roughness of the throat; sneezing and discharge of mucus from the nose, and difficulty of breathing. Apium virus, if the throat is very tender, not only rough but dry, with difficult breathing only after moving. Sambucus against hoarseness with deep, hollow, dry cough, which occasions catching of the breath, or with yawning, uneasi- ness and thirst. Carho verfetahilis against protracted hoarseness, worse morning and evening, and after talking ; it is also efficacious in hoarse- ness and cough following mdasles. Silicea against hoarseness accompanied by tedious catarrh. Prosera, in hoarseness with hollow and deep-seated cough. Causticum, in obstinate cases of hoarseness, sometinc es com ■ 140 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. bined with catarrh ; soreness of the chest and occasionally of the throat. There is a chronic form of hoarseness to which public speakers, especially cler"-ymen, are very liable, (hence it has been named " Dysphonia clericorum," or " Parsons' sore throat,") which is often a very obstinate and intractible disease. The best remedies for it are Causticum, Calcarea, Carho vegetahilis, Heptir, Lachesis, Pliospliorvs, Sulphur. Mcrcurius, Spongia, and Silicea. If there is in man a tendency to the frequent recurrence of hoarseness, the beard about the throat should be allowed to grow, as that seems to afford the best protection to the delicate organs of the voice, in those exposed to much variety of temperature and to the undue exercise of their voices. It is to be remarked that clergymen, public singers and actors, who are chiefly liable to this disease, are at the same time, usually, close shavers, besides having to strain their voices ; whereas the disease seems to be much less frequent among public speakers who do not use the razor beneath their chin. Of course, we would not have it be supposed that a confirmed case of dysphonia would be cured by allowing the beard to grow, though we are fully persuaded, that the shaving of the beard may operate as an exciting cause in the production of this most annoying affection. Cough. Cough may be either combined with cold in the head, being more or less to the chest what cold in the head is to the nose ; or it may arise from other diseases. In the former case the appropriate medicine should be selected from among those recommended for cold in the head ; in the latter, the re- spective symptoms with which the disease is attended, must be taken into account. For instance, if there is a dry, hacking cough, violent pain in the chest, which is worse when breathing, if the patient was taken with a chill followed by much heat, the pulse quick and hard : there is inflammation in the chest, and you have to administer the remedies prescribed for that complaint. The medicines which are here first mentioned, will seldom cure a cough of long standing; you must have recourse to those, the effects of which are more enduring, and which are described tow-ards the end of the list. It fre- quently happens that an obstinate cough can be cured only by a homoeopathic practitioner ; and sometimes it is a symptom of a disease which is already in- curable. Nux vomica should be given for a dry cough, which is caused by a rough, scraping, acrid sensation, and itching in the palate; v'hen it is lasting and weakening, with pain as if the head were oeing rent asunder, or a sensation as if bruised in the upper part of the abdomen, with pain afterwards under the ribs, particu- larly when the cough awakens the patient early, or is then worse, or only a little mucus is discharged with much trouble. Also, when a slight cough lasts the whole day, with pain in the pit of the throat, and is worse in the evening, but better during the night; when during the night the breathing is oppressed, CHAP. V. AFFECTIONS OF THE CHEST. 141 and there is a feeling of weight Tipoii the chest, and the patiei t has a heated and parched mouth. For energetic and plethoric patients, who drink much coffee and spirituous liquors, Nnx vomica is particularly suitable. It also answers for a dry exhausting cough, which is worse during the night with trifling expectoration in the morning, or worse from reading, thinking and exercise. Ghamomilla should be given for a similar dry cough, which is worse at night, even during sleep, and arises from a tickling in the pit of the throat — something rising in the throat and taking away the breath — particularly in children, and. during the winter after taking cold. Also for a tickling cough, which is caused by speaking, in the morning and evening, but which ceases after the patient gets warm in bed ; also when in the morning some tough, bitter mucus is thrown up. Hyoscyamus answers for a dry cough, which is worse at night, and prevents sleeping ; also when lying down, with tickling in the wind pipe, or when the cough comes in spasms, sometimes attended with stitches over the eyes, or with soreness in the muscles of the abdomen; a rattling noise in the throat, caused by breathing whilst there is mucus in the windpipe. Ipecacuanha frequently answers for children — even for the smallest — when on coughing the mucus almost suffocates them; when the cough is spasmodic, or affects them so much that they can scarcely breathe, and they become purple in the face, and the limbs quite stiff; give it dissolved in water, a teaspoonful every ten to fifteen minutes until better; the same remedy answers when there is a tickling sensation in the larynx, with contraction, the cough quite dry, or trifling expectoration of mucus of an offensive taste — or when it causes loathing, nausea and vomiting of mucus; when it is attended with pain in the abdomen, particularly about the navel, or a pressure upon the bladder, as if the urine could not pass — or there is a throbbing in the head and pit of the stomach, and soreness of the chest-, after the cough, shortness of breath and perspiration of the fore- head ; walking in the cold air excites the cough afresh. 142 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. Bellad'.nna for a similar spasmodic cough, which does not allow the patient to recover his breath, which shakes the whole body, and is excited by a constant insupportable tickling in the larynx, without any phlegm on the chest; or as if caused by something like down in the throat, producing a splitting sensa- tion in the head, with a feeling of pressure in the neck, as if it were breaking, or f >r a cough attended with a trifling discharge of mucus, mixed with blood, with stitches in the chest and on the left side under the ribs ; tearing pains in the chest ; short, quick, difficult breathing ; chapping of the lips, red face, and pain in the head; or when the attacks terminate with sneezing, accompanied by catarrh, or stinging pain in the hips and in the abdomen, as if something were giving way. Mercurius for a dry cough, which exhausts and convulses the patient much, particularly at night; or a tickling cough before foiling asleep ; sometimes attended with spitting of blood, shooting pains in the chest ; in the case of children frequently attended by bleeding of the nose, inclination to vomit, pains as if the chest and head were going to burst, accompanied by hoarseness, running catarrh, or diarrhoea. Carlo vegetahills for spasmodic cough, coming on several times during the day or evening, attended with retching and vomit- ing, heat and breaking out of perspiration, soreness of the chest, white, gray or yellow expectoration, coughing up of blood, with burning pains in the chest; pain in the larynx, as from ulcera- tion, shooting pains through the head. Capsicum for a dry cough, worse in the evening and during the night, and which sometimes excites vomiting ; pains shoot- ing through different parts of the body, also causing rending headache; sometimes accompanied by oppressive pains in the throat and ears, or with drawing pains from the chest to the throat, stitches in the chest and back, or pressure on the bladder and shooting pains in that region, or stinging and tearing pains from the hips to the knees and feet. Apinm virus for a cough which is caused by a tickling in the pit of the throat, worse before midn'ght, after lying down, or CHAP, V. AFFECTIONS OF THE CHEST. 143 after sleeping; which is better as soon as any phlegm is raised ; with headache and shortness of breath ; after a rash, particularly nettle-rash, which had preceded it or which did not break out completely. Rhus sometimes for a dry, short night-cough, commencing with a tick.ing in the chest, which causes agitation and astlima, particularly in the evening and before midnight, whereby the head and chest are shaken a great deal ; or with tightness and shooting pain in the chest, pains in the stomach, sometimes stitches in the thighs ; particularly when the air makes it worse, and heat and exercise affect it favorably ; also for cough with a taste of blood in the mouth. Nux moschata for a cough, which gets much worse after one becomes warm in bed ; for a dry cough with shortness of breath ; after taking cold from wet feet, or standing in the water ; after being overheated by hard working; particularly for those who bec It will be found most serviceable when the patient is worse at rest than when in motion; when the chills are not accompanied but followed by thirst, — when the perspiration is not cold, but rather warm, and occurs only at night ; or when the cough is loud and hoarse, the paroxysms ver}^ violent, and either unac- companied by fever, or witli decidedly marked fever, chills and heat, but not for slow fever, as mentioned under Veratrum. Cina is most suitable, when during the cough the children become quite stiff, and after the paroxysms there is a gurgling noise, which appears to descend from the throat into the abdo- men, and also in children affected with worms, when there is a CHAP. V. AFFECTIONS OF THE CHEST. 151 disposition to pick the nose, witli griping in tlie abdomen, itch- ing of the anus, &c. Cuprum metallicum has been found most suitable in cases in which entire rigidity of the body or convulsions ensue after each paroxysm, also when there is vomiting after the attacks and rattling of phlegm on the chest while coughing. This remedy will in many cases produce a marked improve- ment, sometimes indeed shortening the duration of the disease very considerably. After it Veratrum generally acts most favorably. Carho vegetahilis is the chief remedy in spasmodic attacks oi cou^h, occurring twice a day, especially in the evening or fore- part of the night ; the cough hollow, with increased running of tears, redness of the palate and sore throat, and also in cough accompanied by shooting pains in the. head, chest and throat, or with an eruption on the head or body. Tliis is also one of the best remedies in the latter stages of tlie disease after the more violent paroxysms are subdued. Arnica is useful when there is considerable hemorrhage from the nose and mouth, or the eyes are injected with blood, when blood is extravasated round the eyes, and they appear as u bruised, and also when each paroxysm of coughing is followed by crying. Hepar, when the cough is diminishing, but is still dry and hoarse, or hollow and ringing, with occasional retching, fol- lowed by violent fits of crying. Tartar emetic^ taken at the commencement of the hooping cough, will in some cases cut short the disease, or greatly diminish its violence. It is also frequently beneficial in the more advanced stages, and where the air-tubes are apparently choked up with mucus. It may be administered by dissolving a grain of the third trituration in a tumbler of water and giving a table spoonful of the solution three or four times a day. The third or declining stage, requires for its treatment the same remediel as have already been recommended in the first stage and in cough orordiiiarj cold, and must be selected according to the indications there given. Change of air, when it can be had, is very useful in this stage. 152 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. Diirin? the treatment of hoopinofcong-h the diet must be light and digestible, and all kinds (tf stinnilunts scrupulously avoided. Eiuutious of the mind should also as much as possible be guarded against, as they frroatly adi' to the violence, and increase the frequency of the attacks of coughing ; this 'B particularly the case with fits of anger. Croup. This dreaded disease can, in most cases be easily cured with homoeopathic remedies, so that scarcely one-filth as many cases prove fatal, as when treated by the old metho'l. It requires, however, great attention ; parents ought to be well acquainted with the symptoms, as it is always a dangerous disease. Children are usually troubled with a slight cough a few days before it makes its appearance ; the voice is hoarse, and some- times the cough is in the beginning somewhat hollow. By selecting one of the remedies recommended for " Cough," the complaint ma-y, in some cases, be prevented. When the cough is hollow and wheezing, Hepar should always be first given. After this Samhucus, Hyoscyamus, and Cina, or Nux vomica^ Veratrum, Chamomilla^ China, and Drosera. If children wake suddenly at night, and begin with a choking cough, eitlier from want of breath, or an accumulation of phlegm in the throat, take Tartar emetic, third trituration, put it in a glass of water, and after stirring it well, give a teaspoonful every ten, twenty, or thirty minutes, according to the violence of the symptoms, until relief is afforded. This medicine should always be kept on hand, but preserved with care. If this cough is not cured, the croup commences. Sometimesi it appears without any of these premonitory symptoms. The child awakes about midnight with the croup ; the cough has a shrieking, sharp sound, like the braying of an ass, or like the] attempt at crowing of a young cock. It sounds very hoarse: somewhat shrill and hissing, or quite rough, deep and hollow, like the hoarse bark of a dog. The patient inhales with great difficulty and slowly, and emits the breath in jerks. lie is much agitated and tries to obtain relief by stretching out the neck. At this stage the disease is not so alarming as it appears, but it should not be neglected. The best way to lessen the agitation, and make the symptoms yield more easily, is to bathe the arms k CHAP. V. AFFECTIONS OF THE CHEST. 153 as quickly as possible in very warm water. Let both arms be im- mersed in water, as warm as tlie patient can bear it, and remain until the choking cough ceases. At tlie same time give Aconite. every ten, twenty or thirty minutes, according to the urgency of the case. The application to the throat of a cold wet rag folded three or four times, and covered over with a double fold of flannel or a long worsted stocking, is of great use in this stage and should be worn the night through, even though the urgent symptoms may have been relieved by the medicine given. In most cases this first attack passes off soon, but the child remains cross, and retains the hoarseness of voice. If, during the night, Aconite has been given, give Hepar in the morning. Keep the child warm the next day, and on low diet ; do not give the child any fruit, not even grapes, as it frequently causes a relapse ; flannel may also be put round the neck. If the cure of the disease is not effected in this manner, and the attack returns the second night, the child complains of a burning sensation in the throat, or points with the finger to the larynx, which is'very sensitive, particularly when touched, some- what swelled, and very hot. The paroxysms become more vio- lent, as if the patient were in danger of suffocating ; accompanied by fever and great thirst. The sufferer falls asleep, but soon awakes again with a worse attack. The breathing, during sleep, is oppressed and heaving ; the head is frequently bent back, so that the throat is exposed and very sensitive to the touch. If Aconite has not been given last, give it now, alternately witt Spongia, third trituration, every thirty minutes for two hours Bathing the arms in hot wather is also serviceable in tliis stage A sponge dipped in hot water and applied to the child's neck as hot as it can be borne very often does good in this stage. Do not cover up the head, but keep the feet warm ; give injections of warm water, unless the child is very averse to it. If relief follows the administration of Aconite^ and the parox- ysms become less frequent and violent, if the patient perspires, wait from two to six hours, and then repeat it ; but if tliere is no improvement, or if the disease becomes visibly worse not- 1^54 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. withstanding the remedies given, and :he danger increases, give Spongia, 3d trit. ; and if this does not soon effect a change fur tlie better, Eepar, 3d trit. Or these two remedies may be given alternately until some improvement takes place ; but do not be in too great a hurry. In all cases, where there is no improve- ment either after Sj^ongia, or Hepar, give Arsenucum. At the same time keep the child as quiet as possible, and give it from time to time a little mucilaginous drink, if fond of it. When the disease advances, the hands and feet b3Come cold_ the pulse quite small, and the sufferer bends back the heud as far as possible (by no means force the head forward, as it might cause suffocation); the belly expands and contracts considerably at every breath, but not the chest, at the same time a rattling is heard when breathing, as if there w^as something in the windpipe, With the cough comes retching, and finally pieces of meml>raue are sometimes thrown up. The child is no longer red as before, but pale; during the cough it is of a bluish color in the fi,.je, the eyes start from the head, as from terror, and the child grasps convulsively with its hands. If the above mentioned medicines, Aconite, Hepar, od trit., and Spongia, 3d trit., have been given, and the disease a'.cains this point notwithstanding, there is but little hope of savin^;^. the patient; though Lachesis or Phosphorus may be given or alter- nated every half-hour, as long as there is any improvement; but should no good effect follow, give Arsenicum, then Samhucus. If these dangerous symptoms should really appear under homoeopathic treatment, try the vapor of sulphuret of potash, at any rate it will do no harm ; a warm bath may be used with- out danger, and it often affords great relief It should be always borne in mind that croup is one of the most dangerous diseases incident to childhood, and that even the best homoeopathic treatment will not succeed in curing every case, more especially if not employed at the very commencement of the disease. Any hoarseness that may remain after the more dangerous symptoms of an attack of croup have passed, will be removed by Hepar, Belladonna, Carlo vegetahilis or Arnica. Children CHAP. V. AFFECTIONS OF THE CHEST. 155 who are subject to tliis affection should be guarded carefully against taking cold, and take occasionally a dose of Hepar or Lycopodium ; by these means the predisposition may be removed. Congestion of the Chest. This affection occurs more frequently about tlie age of puberty, and a few years before and after that period than at any other time of life. The most promiueut symptoms of congestion of the chest are : sensation of fulness, throbbing, weight or oppression in the chest; and palpitation of the heart attended with anxiety, short sighing, difficult respiration, &c. Aconite is serviceable when there is great oppression, with violent heat and thirst, constant hacking cough, which disturbs the patient, particularly during sleep, and apprehension of dan- ger. It will be found valuable in persons of a full habit, espe- cially females of sedentary habits, who suffer from congestion before and after menstruation. Belladonna may be used if Aconite is insufficient, or if the attacks return frequently, and also when the head is much affected Nuxvomica when the affection has been brought on by seden- tary habits, too free indulgence in the use of stimulants, such as wine, brandy, beer, &c., and also when it arises in consequence of suppressed piles. Apium virus for fulness in the chest, particularly when lying down, so that one is forced to sit up, if the warm room is intolerable, sometimes pains about the heart. Ferrum, Pulsatilla, Sulphur, and Phosphorus, will also be found iiseful in some cases. Advantage may be sometimes _ derived from dry cnpping on the neck. For other remedies see " Determination of Blood to the Head." Persons subject to this complaint should avoid violent exercise, such as running, dancing, &c., and stimulants of all kinds, as alcoholic, vinous and fermented beverages and coffee : they should use moderate exercise in the ■ open air, drink freely of cold water, bathe the chest and anns daily in cold water, and not sleep too long in the morning. 156 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. Hemorrhage from the Lungs. Spitting of Blood. When, on coughing, a little blood is expectorated, the danger, in most cases, is not as imminent as many imagine. The blood frequently proceeds from the nose, from hollow teeth, or only from the throat. When it is really from the chest, it is almost at all times accompanied by a sensation as if coming from a considerable depth ; it is warm, generally tastes sweet, the taste of it precedes the rising of the blood, or there is at the same time a painful and burning sensation in the chest. Under these circumstances avoid everything which might fatigue the lungs, such as long and loud speaking, crying, singing, blowing the horn or the trumpet, all violent exercise of the arms, or cjuick running, ascending, par- ticularly going up stairs. Sometimes this disease is produced by inhaling the dust or exhalations proceeding from such substances as lime, gypsum or plaster of Paris, metal filings, tobacco, or sulphuric acid. When the discharge of blood is but trifling, and is accompanied with a good deal of cough, a remedy may frequently be found among those recommended for " Cough," especially such among them as Belladonna, Merairius, Carbo vec/eiabilis, Pulsatilla, Bryonia, China, Arnica, Dulcamara, Staphisagria, Silicea, and Lachesis. But when the complaint has already existed for some time, and the blood is discharged in considerable quantities, or when it commences with a violent hemorrhage, there is danger, but not to such a degree as to be excessively alarming. Fear only makes the matter worse. It is seldom as bad as it appears. The life of the patient is not in imminent danger unless there have been several previous attacks, or the patient has sufi'ered long from other diseases; the blood is sometimes discharged in large quantities, and is of a blackish color. In other cases it soon ceases of its own accord. The most important object is the cure of the complaint after hemorrhage has ceased, for that is the most critical period, either from a return of the hemorrhage, or from the establishment of an incurable disease upon the lungs. On no account allow a vein to be opened during or after hemorrhage from the lungs ; this remedy is worse than the disease, for it invariably aggra- vates it. Persons who have had several attacks of hemorrhage, and have each time been treated by blood-letting, are really in a dangerous state, for the bleeding aggravates the principal cause of the disease, and the constitution suffers so much in consequence that other remedies do not easily act. Under such cir- cumstances it is best to submit to a regular course of treatment by a homoeo- pathic practitioner, while there is yet some prospect of obtaining relief. Blood-letting for hemorrhage of the lungs is most injurious in the case of individuals who have previously suffered from piles — and where the blood only takes another direction — or of women, who, instead of having their monthly changes, have spitting of blood. In these cases there is no danger whatever from the hemorrhage, for it will cease of its own accord, and all the bad cou- eequences may be prevented by medicine. After a heavy fall, blow or thrust on the chest, it is also injurious to bleed ; vn most cases it does more harm than the actual injury, and is nothing but an old custom, which medical men follow when they do not know what other means to resort to. In such cases give Arnica, and keep the patient on a low- diet ; if, after some days, pains in the chest and fever make their appearance, give Aconite, and if after this it gets worse again, repeat the Arnica, alter- nating with these two remedies. CHAP. y. AFFECTIONS OF THE CHEST. 157 You may also tie a handkerchief around the upper purt of one arm, aa tightly as the patient can bear it, and another around the upper p:irt of the correspondind be carefully avoided. Advantage will also be derived from sleeping awhile during the day, especially before meals. If the bandages do not speedily check the hemorrhage, dry cups may be applied to the abdomen and under the ribs, also on the pit of the stomach. As a substitute for regular cupping glasses, dip a piece of paper, cotton, or other light substance, in strong brandy or alcohol, ignite it, throw it into a tumbler, turn the glass so that the paper shall fall out, and apply the tumbler as quickly as possible to the bare skin. The closer the glasses adhere the better ; if you do not succeed at the first trial, repeat the experiment. Cloths dipped in cold water, and applied to the lower part of the abdomen, will also be beneficial. No other cold application should be made, and no cold water drunk, especially if it aggravates the cough A little fine dry table salt is sometimes administered ; this may do good, but if it aggravates the cough it should be disponed with. When the cough continues, and brings on fresh attacks of bleeding, give the white of an egg, mixed with sugar, a teaspoonful at a time; or put a drop of sulphuric acid in a tumbler of water, and use it as a gargle, or take a tea- spoonful every five or ten minutes. In selecting a medicine, we should endeavor to choose one which will not only accelerate the cure, but, as much as possible, prevent a relapse. When there appears to be great danger, select either Aconite, Ipecacuanha, Arnica, China or Opium. Aconite will have the preference when the slightest attempt at clearing the throat brings up blood, when the patient previously to the bleeding feels a sensation of ebullition of blood in tlie chest; the latter seems full, with a burning sensation, palpita- tion of the heart, agitation, uneasiness; is worse when lying down, with an anxious, pale countenance, and when the blood comes by gushes, and much at a time. Ipecacuanha may follow the Aconite, if the latter nas checked the hemorrhage, but there is remaining a constant taste of blood, with a short cough, discharge of phlegm, mixed with blood, nausea and weakness. Arsenicum should be given if the Aconite is insufficient and 15 158 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. the palpitation of the heart and agitation increase, and prevent the patient from sleeping, or disturb him when asleep, drive him out of bed, and are accompanied with a dry, burning heat. If it returns again, give Ipecacuanha, N%ix vomica^ Sulphur, or Arnica. And if, after these remedies, it still grows worse, repeat the Arsenicum. By these means the recurrence of the complaint may sometimes be prevented and the disease entirely cured. Cliina when the cough which had been very dry, rough and painful, with a taste of blood, becomes violent and is accom- panied by constant raising of blood ; when the patient feels chilly, with occasional flushes of heat, is very weak, wants to lie down constantly, perspires occasionally, but not long at a time, trembles, has dimness of sight, or confusion in the head, or when he has lost so much blood as to become quite faint, or pale and cold, with twitches in the hands and face. After giving the medicine, wait the result, although it should at first grow a little worse. Ferrum, Arnica and Arsenicum will some- times be indicated after China. Ferrum in slender persons of sallow complexion who do not sleep well at night ; if the blood is broi;ght up by a slight hawking, not in very great quantities, is quite pure and bright red, if there is pain between the shoulders, asthma, par ticularly during the night, the patient cannot sit, feels better when walking slowly about and yet must frequently lie down; is very weak, particularly after speaking, and cough is pro- duced by any considerable exertion. Arnica when the blood is clotted, black and raised easily; accompanied by asthma, shooting pains and burning contrac- tion in the chest, palpitation of the heart, great heat over the body, with weakness, almost to faintness, and also when the blood is raised with slight cough, is bright red, frothy, mixed with small clots and mucus, sometimes accompanied by tickling under the breast-bone, coughing produces shooting pains in the head, and all the ribs feel as if bruised. Pulsatilla if the complaint has already continued for some CHAP. V. AFFECTIONS OF THE CHEST. 159 time; if the blood is black, clotted; if the patient becomes very nervous during the night, feels cold, com[daiiis of weak- ness and pains in the hnver part of the breast, with a qualmish sensation in the stomach, is reserved, inclined to weep, and indisposed to exert himself. After Pulsatilla, Secale may be beneMcial. Rhus in cases similar to the last, but when the blood is of a brighter red, or the mind perturbed, uneasy, the symptoms aggravated by the slightest vexation, or when there is much tickling in the chest. Nux vomica if the disease has been occasioned by spirituous liquors, or the suppression of piles ; especially in passionate persons, and is accompanied by tickling in the chest, and cough which affects the head; and is worse in the morning. If the hemorrhage arises from suppressed menstruation, Ptdsatilla or Bryonia^ sometimes Cocculus or Veratrum. Ojnum, when the discharge is very thick and frothy, mixed with phlegm, particularly in persons addicted to drinking, or when the cough is worse after swallowing, accompanied by difficulty of breathing, asthma, and anxiety, with a burning sensation in the region of the heart, trembling of the arms, sometimes weakness of voice, drowsiness and sudden startino-. coldness, particularly of the extremities, or heat, especially of the breast and abdomen, without perspiration. Tf after Opium there appears perspiration on the chest, with or without restlessness, give Mercurins. Hyoscyamus when the hemorrhage is accompanied with dry cough, particidarly in the night, which compels the patient to get out of bed ; wlien he starts in his sleep, &c. ; also in persons accustomed to ardent spirits; it will follow Opium and Nvx yo7W2ca advantageously when they prove insufficient; and mav be followed by Arsenicum. Belladonna when there is a tickling in the throat, which excites coughing and aggravates the hemorrhage, with a sensa- tion as if there was too much blood in the chest, and shooting pains, worse when in motion. IQQ TREATMENT OF DISEASES. Dulcamara for the same symptoms as Belladonna; if they arc worse when the patient is at rest, and when the blood is of a bright red color ; the attack brought on by a cold ; or when the patient has already suffered from a loose cough for a con- siderable time. Carlo vegetaUlis when there is a burning sensation on the chest, even after the hemorrhage has ceased, particularly with persons who cannot bear the changes of the weather, or who have taken a great deal of calomel. For the weakness which follows bleeding at the lungs, do not give too much medicine, good diet is of more consequence ; let the patient eat often, but not much at a time; but little meat* plentv of milk, and occasionally eggs ; flour prepared in different ways, and let him take exercise in fine weather. If he remains weak notwithstanding, and over-sensitive, give China, some- times alternately with Ferrum ; if he is weak, but at the same time too lively, Coffea; and if cross and fretful, Jgnaiia ; very much depressed, Phosphoric acid. Chronic Inflammation of the Larynx. This disease is often so insidious in the commencement, and so slow in its progress, that sometimes serious mischief may be done before any alarm is felt by the patient and he applies for medical advice. The following are its principal symptoms; pain in the larynx, extending entirely over it, or con- fined to a small space, a tii-kling sensation excites coughing. The pain is increased by coughing, speaking, and swallowing, by breathing cold air or pressure on the larynx. The voice is changed, hoarse, at times almost lost ; coughing often hoarse and croupy. In the beginning the cough is dry, Ixit subsequently with expectoration of mucus mixed with pus and blood. When the disease has continued for a considerable time, there is ulceration of the cartilages composing the larynx; and sometimes it ends in hectic fever and consumption. It is this form of disease that is also known under the name of " Clergy- men's sore throat." It has the same causes as other affectious of the larynx and chest, viz, : exposure to sudden changes of temperature, inhalation of irritating substances, or foreign bodies into the larynx, &c. The habitual abuses of murcury and spirituous liquors are exciting causes. Prolonged action of the voice is also alleged as a cause, hence its frequency among singers, lawyers, preachers, actors, &c. Cansiiaim, C'alcarea, Carbovegeiabilis,Hepar,Lac/te.quently endeavors to suppress it. There is no appetite, much thirst, although when the disease has advanced, it is found difficult to take a long draught, from its impeding respiration; this is very observable with children at the breast, who, after eagerly seizing the nipple, will bite it and discontinue sucking, cry, and throw back the head, and after vomiting up the phlegm, continue for some time in that position. m 15^ 162 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. In some cases, from the character of the voice and cough, bronchitis baa been mistaken for croup. The aggravation of suffering at night is a very remarkable symptom of this complaint. The causes are the same as those of common catarrh. i In all the lighter cases Aconite or Pulsatilla, in more severe cases Tartar emetic, are generally sufficient to prevent its getting worse. Aconite as long as the skin is hot, dry; pulse hard, frequent hoarseness with a rough voice ; a short, dry and frequent cough as if excited by a tickling in the throat or chest, difficult an quick breathing; anxiety, restlessness, tossing about, and more' or less thirst, Pulsatilla is better first or after Aconite, if there is less heat, more coldness of the hands and feet, but more heat on the chest, less or no thirst ; less anxiety, no agonizing, tossing about ; inter- rupted sleep, the cough shaking, rattling ; breathing short, quick, sometimes difficult, a moderate hoarseness when crying or speak- ing ; if they commenced to be sick in the evening or get worse at night, if they want to be taken out of bed, like to be moved about but slowly, some like to be touched or taken up with great care. If they bring up phlegm it is thick, yellowish, some- times with a little blood. If a similar phlegm is discharged from the nose, give no other medicine to the child, Pulsatilla is sufficient. Tartar emetic in all cases, when the rattling of phlegm in the chest is remarkable from the first, when they are inclined to slumber much, often with the eyes half open ; when they cry from being touched, but insist on being taken up and constantly carried about. If they are afraid of drinking, as mentioned before, and lose their breath when doing so, Tartar emetic is preferable to other remedies. Do not give it too often, never repeat it as long as there is any improvement. In some cases other remedies are required, viz. : Spongia after Aconite, when there still remains hollow, dry cough, day and night, but worse in the evening; or cough with scanty, viscid, ropy expectoration ; heat in the chest, burning, tickling in the g CHAP. V. AFFECTION'S OF THE CHEST. 163 throat, quick, anxious, laborious respiration; hoarseness, &;c. Hepar sometimes after Spoyigia when the skin is hot and dry, and the efforts to expectorate ineffectual. Belladonna when there is severe headache aggravated by coughing, oppression of the chest, and constriction as if bound, with rattling on the chest; short, anxious, and rapid respiration; dry, fatiguing cough, worse at night, great thirst; soreness of the throat. (See Soke Throat.) I>[ux vomica. Difficult breathing with excessive tightness of the chesty particularly at night ; hoarseness ; dry cough, worse towards morning, attended with a sensation as from a blow or bruise under the short ribs ; cough with difficult and scanty expectoration of viscid mucus ; dryness of the mouth and lips, thirst, and constipation, peevishness. Laehesis. Oppression at the chest, with short and hurried res- piration, anxiety, and dejection; dry, fatiguing cough, some- times followed by the expectoration of a little tenacious or frothy mucus, after much effort, occasionally streaked with blood ; hoarseness, worse when awaking. Bryonia. Difficult and anxious respiration, with constant inclination to make a deep inspiration ; hoarseness; headache; cough dry, attended with a sensation of burning, or cough with expectoration of viscid mucus ; in some instances tinged with blood ; dryness of the mouth and lips, excessive thirst ; shootings in the chest prevent breathing. Phosjjhorus. If the respiration continues oppressed, with great anxiety, and heat in the chest, or a feeling of heaviness of a part or of the whole of one lung ; dry cough, excited by a tickling in the throat or chest, aggravated by talking or laughing: See "Inflammation of the Lungs." Mercurius is occasionallly useful when the symptoms are accompanied by excessive perspiration ; when the cough is fatiguing, worse in the evening and at night, and excited by a tickling irritation, or sensation of dryness in the chest, with quick, short, oppressed breathing, and louder rcsj^iration than ordi- nary; stitches through the right side of the chest; or if the 164 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. patient had before a cold in the head, with watery, acrid dis- charo-e ; swelling of the nose. Dulcamara after Mercunxis, when there are night sweats of an offensive smell. Chamomilla in cases of children, when after Aconite, a slight degree of whistling still remains ; or dry cough, worse at night, even during sleep. Ipecacuanha^ if there is mucus rattling in the chest, and when on coughing they are almost suffocated by the excessive secre- tion of mucus, and become livid in the face; shortness of breath, and perspiration on the forehead after each fit of coughing. Arsenicum when the pulse becomes very quick, feeble, and intermitting, and the patient is reduced to a state of extreme debility. Sulphur when the expectoration has increased in quantity and become whitish and less viscid ; it may prevent a more chronio form. What is to be done for Chronic Bronchitis will be found under the head of " Cough." Palpitation of the Heart. The causes of this complaint will frequently indicate the remedies ; it is generally produced by violent emotions of the mind, or by the use of ardent spirits. Drinking cold water, particularly before going to bed, and eating but little in the evening is the best remedy for young people. Persons who are troubled with this complaint usually sleep better on the right side than on the left, and prefer to have the head rather high ; they must drink neither coffee, tea, nor chocolate. If it is caused by vexation, give Chamomilla ; by fear, Vera trum; by joy, Coffea ; by sudden fright, Opium or Coffea; by great agitation and anxiety, either Opium or the smell of a bit- ter almond crushed, will be found to be beneficial. A sudden attack of palpitation, with colduess of the surface and pale face, may be relieved by spirits of camphor, a drop on sugar every five minutes. With pregnant females, when connected with weakness of the nervous system, when it returns frequently, give, from time to time, a very little old wine. During the attack it is sometimes better to give a spoonful of hot water, particularly when the skin CHAP. V. AFFECTIONS OF THE CHEST. 165 is very dry. Females of a pale complexion may experience some benefit from smelling vinegar. For plethoric persons, Aconite ; nfter this, Nux vomica or Bel- ladonna. With persons of weak nerves, Ignatia ; and when worse on lying on one side, Pulsatilla. Spigelia is a principal remedy for such who have the palpita- tion often, especially if their breath is offensive. Nux moschata for palpitation with fainting, and afterwards sleep, particularly if preceded by exertion; or for persons who are inclined to fainting, or have, in general, the symptoms of Nux moschata, as stated under " Cough," " Headache," &c. China is most suitable for persons who have been much weakened by the loss of fluids. Staphisagria, in palpitation occurring in persons weakened by tedious and exhausting diseases. Belladonna^ wlien the palpitation of the heart produces a tingling sensation in the head, when the chest feels full, or when there is an uneasy and throbbing sensation in it, particularly in females, after confiuement, or when the milk fails, or after wean- ing. In the latter case, give China some time after. Glonoine, for palpitation after sudden over-heating, from vio- lent mental emotions, after many rapid changes of different influences; either with heat of the face, full pulse, beating up to the head, or with the face pale, very slow or scarcely perceptible pulse ; heat about the heart, and pains up to the back. Sulphur, for the same symptoms as the latter, when that proves insufficient; especially if the palpitation is consequent upon the suppression of an eruption, or the healing of an old ulcer. Also, when going up stairs or ascending a hill has occasioned palpita- tion for a considerable length of time. Arsenicum may be given after Stdphur, when the latter does not suffice, particularly when caused by suppressed eruptions or ulcers. It is alsc serviceable when the palpitation comes on during the night, with great agitation, is very- violent, with burn- ing heat in the chest; with difficulty of breathing, and is worse when lying down, better when in motion. 166 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. Veraimm is suitable in cases similar to the latter, whea accompanied by difficulty of breathing and agitation ; particu- larly if better on lying down, and worse when rising or in motion. For chronic palpitation of the heart, when the remedies prescribed give only temporary relief, apply to a homceopathic practitioner, and submit patiently to medical treatment even thoiif^h no decisive advantage be imme- diately perceived, otherwise an incurable disease of the heart may be the result. Asthma. The paroxysms of asthma come on at times instantaneously, without giving the patient any v/arning, at others there is a sense of fulness or oppression at the pit of the stomach — probably from wind — with a feeling of irritation in the air-passage. The paro.xysms themselves rarely occur during the day ; they usually commence at night, and between the hours of ten and two. If the patient is lying down, he immediately J'ises and remains sitting up, experiencing a constriction over the whole chest ; Uie arms are thrown back to facilitate inspiration ; the shoulders raised and the head straitened ; the patient lays hold of any object that may afford him support; the inspirations quick, and after each expiration a distinct pause before inspiring again, as though the patient had to make an effort of the will before breathing again ; the patient requests the windows or doors to be thrown open, that more air may be admitted. The face is pale, sometimes livid ; the eyes anxious and projecting ; a small fre- quent and dry cough, and the body covered with a profuse, cold perspiration, frequently a disordered stomach and vomiting. An attack of asthma of the nervous or spasmodic kind usually lasts about three or four hours ; after which the symptoms gradually abate, the cough becomes more free, and the expectoration more copious, the matters expec- torated colorless, transparent and viscid, with a salt or sweetish taste ; the countenance resumes its natural expression gradually, and the patient falls asleep. On awaking he may find himself entirely restored, but there is generally some difficulty of breathing, with pains about the stomach — which may continue through the following day and be succeeded by another paroxysm the next night. Asthma from a cold commences gradually, the expectora- tion begins early and is at first viscid and scanty, afterwards copious, and giving great relief to the patient. The fiiiises- are various, atmospheric changes, odors of different kinds — . agreeable and disagreeable — smoke ; du.st ; gases ; metallic and other particles floating in the air; chamomile tea; ipecacuanha; vapor of sulphur, &c. Also irregularities of diet, especially taking food in too great a quantity, or of im- proper quality ; abuse of alcoholic li(juors ; the suppression of any accustomed discharge ; over-exertion and mental emotions. Asthma is more frequeut in advanced than in early life. In sudden attacks of asthma relief maybe obtained by immersing the hands in warm water, or by the application of dry cups to the abdomen, in the manner recommended under 'Hemorrhage from the Lungs." Bandaging the arms above the elbow is often beneficial, the left arm first and afterward, if necessary, the right, and the lower limbs. CHAP. V. AFFECTIONS OF THE CHEST. 167 When the attacks originate from the use of chamomile tea or ipecaciranha, &c., smell camphor, or take a little coffee without milk. If caused by inhaling the vapor of sulphur, PtilsaUlla is best. If the chest feels as if laced together ; with anguish and if the constriction alternates with headache, give Glonoino. For attacks which come on immediately after meals, or after a nap, when the patient cannot breathe, draws and stretches the neck as if suffocating, the throat feeling dry and too narrow, without much agitation : chewing a little ginger mixed with sugar, may be beneficial. Weak anise-seed tea, at easpoonful taken at a time, especially in the even- ing, is sometimes of benefit when the attack is brought on by a cold, and is accompanied by dry cough. Persons subject to this complaint should take warm drinks, brush and rub the body once a week ; they may also be benefitted by smoking tobacco every morning. Severe attacks of asthma may be greatly relieved by causing the patient to inhale the fumes from burning blotting-paper soaked in saltpetre. Attacks of asthma as well as other pulmonary diseases which are brought on by inhaling fine dust, as frequently happens with stone-masons, millers, and others engaged in dusty occupations may be guarded against by wearing soniethitig before the mouth to intercept the fine particles floating in the air. Nature has furnished men with a safeguard from such causes of pulmonary disease in the moustache, which the usages of our country compel our work- men to shave off, much to the detriment of their health, and not at all to the inii)rovenient of their personal appearance. All the hair which nature has planted on our faces has its uses and its beauties, both of which a false s^'stem of hygiene and a perverted taste have conspired to defraud us of until lately. Ipecacuanha will be indicated when there is a feeling of con- striction about tlie chest, panting, rattling in the windpipe, as if full of mucus, which seems to be moving up and down ; or the ]~>atient feels as if the air were full of dust, which prevents his breathing; gasps anxiously for air, and fears suffocation; the face pale, and Imnds and feet cold. After Ipecacuanha it may be necessary to give Arsenicum^ Byronia or Nux vomica. Arsenicum, against the most violent attacks of asthma, espe- cially those occurring in consequence of suppressed catarrh, or in persons with weak and narrow chests; when worse about midnight, the breathing becoming more and more difficult, and there is a rattling in the chest, with agitation, moaning, groaning, and uneasy tossing about ; or when old people particularly are attacked by it when walking; when there is a pressure at times about the heart, worse upon the least motion or exercise, par- ticularly When getting into bed. If the attack becomes worse au;ain after the administration of 168 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. Arsenicnm, fyecocuanha will be most suitable ; or sometimes when the aggravation takes place in the morning, Nux vomica. Apium inrus, if the neck feels as if it were laced together ; the i';^ion about the short ribs as if crushed; more on the left side; if the warm room is unbearable on account of the heat and headache. hryonia is of great benefit after Ipecacuanha^ particularly when exercise aggravates the disease, and when it arises from suppressed eruptions ; frequent coughing and sighing ; the par- oxysms come on at night, and are attended by pain in the bowels, with inclination to evacuate. Belladonna is most suitable when the- attacks are made worse by motion, and the patient is, notwithstanding, unable to rest; the paroxysms Avorse by spells ; the respiration at times deep and full, at others quick and hurried, accompanied by a dry cough and fulness of the chest. Arnica is indicated when not only exercise, but even speak- ing or blowing the nose aggravates the symptoms ; the respira- tion heaving and oppressed, with shooting pains in the chest. Cepa^ if children suddenly awake in the night with a suffo- cating cough ; particularly if they had been in the open air during damp weather. Euphrasia under similar circumstances. See what was said of these two remedies under "Cough." Chiim, when there is whistling and wheezing in the chest during inspiration ; the phlegm on the chest threatens to suftb- cate the patient. If the attack begins on awaking at night ; ina- bility to breathe, unless when lying with the head very high; the patient perspires easily, and is liable to take cold. Coffea, in very sensitive persons, who are liable to attacks of asthma in consequence of mental emotions ; when inspiration can only be performed in short jerks, with agitation, uneasiness, heat, perspiration. If this does not give relief in attacks of this kind, it may be followed by Aconite, or these remedies may be alternated. Pulsatilla, too, at a later period, may be of service for timid, fretful patients ; and Nux vomica for those of a violent, passionate temper. If mortification or suppressed vexation is CHAP. V. AFFECTIONS OF TKK CHEST. 169 the cause, TgnaUa; if violent vexation and anger, or quarrelling, Chamomilla will pn^bably be indicated. Chamomilla is also serviceable when there is frequent inclina- tion to cough, without actual coughing, with great pressure about the chest and heart, or when the patient cannot perspire. Pulsatilla^ especially in femah-s or persons of mild character, and the attack is attended with giddiness and weakness in the hjcul, drowsiness, palpitation of the heart, heat in the chest; the breath sterns to be stopped in the lower part of the chest. Samhucus, quick and labored respii'ation, with loud wheezing; sense of weight on the chest, with anguish and dread of suffoca- tion ; swelling and blueness of the face and hands; heat, trem- bling; inability to speak above a whisper; cough suffocating; the symptoms are aggravated by lying down, particularly if there is perspiration about the neck. Sulphur ; short wheezing, obstructed respiration with anxiety and fear of suftbcation ; the attacks come on when lying down at night, or during sleep; sensation as if the chest were con- tracted ; rattling of mucus in the chest; fubiess, and pressure as if from a stone on the chest ; cough sometimes dry and fatiguing, at others moist, with profuse expectoration of thick whitish or yellowish mucus; blueness of the face and inability to speak; and palpitation of the heart. Phosphorus, when the attack comes on at night or towards morning, is apparently caused by some over-exertion or expo- sure the previous day, and when the expectoration is serous, filled with very minule air-bubbles, and either yellowish or brownish. Veratrum is often suitable after Ipecacuanha^ Arsemciim.^ China, Arnica; particuhtrly when the patient is almost suffocating. Als(j, if worse when sitting up, and wdien in motion, with pain ill the side, a hollow cough at times; when a cold perspiration breaks out, or when the face and limbs become cold; particu- larly when partial relief is obtained by lying quiet 16 170 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. I Pleurisy, Stitch in the Side and Inflammation of the Lungs. Accordinjr to the Old School practice these complaints cannot be cured witiioiit hloud-lettinir. Every one wlio really understands homoeopathy can always cure without blood-letting. Ail cases of simple, common inflammation can be cured very easily and in a short time. A complete description, scientific names, &c., of these different complaints would be entirely out of place in a domestic work like the present. Here plain descriptions will be given, without any learned terms, so that everyone can understand them and know which cases are really dangerous. All bad cases must be treated by a homoeopathic physician. 'riie chief symptoms, which distinguish these cases from shortness of breath or asthma are : the great difficulty of breathing and the heat of the breavh, which is as hot as tiie breath of a person who has worked hard in the heat ; in A-a/i/ii.i the breath is not warmer than usual. In the former complaint there is always cough, generally with no expectoration or only a little saliva, sometimes mixed with blood, or a frothy, brownish expectoration. The pains are dilTerent in the ditfereut kinds. Very painful stitches when breathing are not always signs of pleurisy; if they are not accompanied by coughing or at least not by much, if they aid not commence with a heavy chill, it is only false pleurisy or stitrk in the .side. It commences usually with rheumatic pains about the neck and shoialders. Jf the pain ,-hifls its place, if the chest is painful to the touch, and if the passing of your finger along the chest between the ribs causes pain it is false PLEURISY and not inflammation. All such cases are most always cured by a single dose of Arnica; if that does no good take Bryonia, Nux vomica., or Pul satilla. Bryonia^ if the pain is acute., darting, a,s if from a sharp instru ment running into the side, almost insupportable during respi- ration or even the slightest movement of the body ; and if the patient is of a nervous temperament. Nvx vomica. Shooting pains in the sides increased by breath- ing; particularly for hypochondriacal patients, and such who indulged in spirituous drinks; pidnful sensibility of the outside of the chest, particularly of the spaces between the ribs. Pulsatilla, if the pain shifts from one part of the chest to another, becon^ing increased towards evening and sometimea more during expiration than inspiration. 'J'he pains are sometimes lower down, there is difficulty of breathing, more so in expiring than in inspiring, in real pleurisj? CHAP. V. AFFECTIONS OF THE CHEST. 171 it is just the contrary. Give Pulsatilla, or Arnioa^ or other renieclies for rheumatism. If one has rheumatic pains and they fall suddenly on the chest, as if a heavy load was upon the breast with great anxiety ; if tlie heart beats violently and very fast; if the breathing be- comes constantly more difficult ; if coughing is quite impossible ; if the limbs, from which the pains have disappeared, are getting cold — there is very great danger. If the patient is bled he will most certainly die ; some cases of this kind have been cured by Aconite^ repeated every two, three to four hours, and after it did no longer improve, Pulsatilla and Sulphur alternately. Pleurtsy is known by the chill with which it commences, hj the fever and cough; the breath is hot; the pulse hard; breathing is impeded by a stitch, commonly under the ribs of one side, upon which side the patient likes to lie; coughing is very painful and violent; the expectoration generally nothing but bloody saliva : the face pale ; the patient likes to talk, but is prevented by the pain ; the patient feels better towards morning, and the skin becomes moist. Pleurisy is not so dangerous. Blood-letting is entirely useless and often injurious. Aconite is the chief remedy and in most instances it is suffi- cient to effect a complete cure. The medicine should be con- tinued uiitil the pain, heat, thirst and cough have sensibly diminished. Bryonia is indicated by the following symptoms : Acute shooting pains in the chest increased by inspiration or move- ment of the body ; dry cough or cough followed by expectora- tion of yellowish, dirty or bloody mucus ; oppressed respiration ; yellowish tongue ; palpitation of the heart ; constipation; bitter taste, nausea and sometimes vomiting of mucus; aching in the limbs ; hot skin, violent thirst, cough when lying on the right side. Sulphur when Bryonia has removed the pain, if there is still some sensitiveness remaining, particularly on motion and expo- sure to the air. Although these three remedies will, in a great majority of cases, be sufficient to effect a cure, yet it will, in some instances, be neccssar}^ to resort to one or more of the following : 172 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. Belladonna^ if the fever returns, or the pain and difficulty of breathing continue, and in those cases in which there is violent pain in the bead, with great heat, incoherent talking, &c. Arnica against pleurisy resulting fro na external injury; also in cases in which the fever has been subdued by Aconite, but tlicre is still pain and difficulty of breathing remaining. Merciiriiis, when the fever has diminished, but there is still a good deal of pain and difficulty of breathing remaining. Arsenicum, in protracted cases, when there is extreme prostra- tion of strength, and the breathing painfally oppressed. China in those cases in which bleeding has been resorted to, and the patient is very weak and debilitated. It may be fol- lowed by Ferrum. Lycopodium, Arsenicum and Phosphorus are chiefly to be relied on in chronic cases, when, through neglect, bad management, or constitutional predisposition, there is danger of consumption, with purulent expectoration, protracted cough, dropsical swel- lings, &;c. Infiammafion of the Ltaiffn. Pneiimonin, is much more dangerous. It begins also with a chill ; the fever does not decrease towards morning, the skin is always hot and dry. pulse at first soft and beats about five times to each res- piration, afterwards it becomes hard ; the breath is also hot, but the breathing is not so much impeded by stitches as in pleurisy ; the pains are more pres- sing in the middle of the chest ; breathing is faster : coughing not so frequent, but more painful and of longer duration and causes often headache ; the face is from the first bluish-red with red cheeks; the patient lies upon the back, not upon the side ; wants to be let alone and does not like to speak ; some- times he is cross and don't care for anything. Most always one of the large veins of the neck is swollen and thicker than the one on the other side, it is generally the left one. this does not happen in other kinds. The cough is very often dry at first, afterwards a little blood is brought up, mixed with mucus. 'I'he danger is over as soon as the expectoration becomes copious and thick, with frequent coughing, the pressure upon the chest decreases and the skin remains moist. Aconite for hot, burning skin, hard, small and frequent pulse, hot breath, violent thirst; either accompanied or not by pain in the chest. Bryonia after Aconite, in alternation witli it or alone, for the f)llowing symptoms: cough, with expectoration of tenaciou.- uiucas of a reddish or rusty color; great difficulty of breathing. CHAP. V. AFFECTIONS OF THE CHEST. 173 and acute shooting pain in the side or chest; .rheumatic pains in the lin-ibs or in the muscles of tlie ch^'st; pain increased by movement; yellowish or dark coated tongue, and constipation. Phf'Sj^horKS to persons with weak conformation of the chest, csp^'cially those of a fair compltxion, who are subject to repeated attacks of inflammation. Belladonna will be useful after Aconite, if the fever returns, and the oppression and pains in the chest continue, especially if the pain is felt at the lower and middle portion of the chest; the expectoration bloody, scant and difficult; great thirst; flushed face ; cracked and dry tongue and lips ; restlessness ; pain in the head and delirium. Hyoscyamus and Opium sometimes, when the head is much affected. Mercurius, when the fever is not so active; the pain and diffi- culty of breathing still continuing, with profuse night sweats; the pnlse weak, but frei^uent. If perspiration breaks out on the chest of old people, Mercuriiis will cure them. Tartarus emetic, when there is oppression of the chest, with little or no pain; scanty expectoration of viscid mucus; with great weakness, and disposition to vomit or vomiting of mucus. jSidphur, when there is profuse purulent expectoration, short- ness of breath, and constipation. Arsenicum, in cases in which there is great debility, with diarrhoea, clamni}^ sweats, anxious expression of countenance, &o. Rhus — congestion, with palpitation of the heart, restlessness, redness of the face, &c. China, when bleeding has been resorted to, and the strength of the patient is very much reduced. Lachesis, ^anguinaria and Arsenicum., in cases with extremely offensive expectoration and breath. The diet ought to be carefully attended to during the con- tinuance of the disease and for a week or two after recovery. The food should be of the simplest kinds, and partaken of sparingly. The drinks should consist of water, toast water, rice or barley water, sweetened with sugar. 16* 174 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. There is anofhrv hind of Inflammafion nf Ihe Limys in which hlood-lettiug is hi^'iiiy daiijiTroiis, this kind is Icnown by the Ibllowing' symptoms : Pulso usiuilly very suit, hilt ciiiick, I'eeble ; neither bad, piiint'ul stitches, Dor pressure on'particnlar spots, but stitches in the side when breathing deep ; anxiety and jireat heaviness in tlie lungs ; breathing very extraordinarit' 'ast ; conghlVoni the first, very I'reciuent, usually only in short spells and iiearly always bloody saliva on the first day, increasing constantly. The voice is feeble and low, becomes finally hissing and talking causes violent coughing. In spile of great anxii-iy tin: palii-nl is not so cross and the head not so much affected, as in the rormei- kind. The fever is less in the morning ; though the skin is always moist, ihe ]iaticnt is not relieved thereby. The patient is getting lieiter as soon as a thick expectoration appears, the breathing becomes slower :inil the fever comes at longer intervals. Aconite at tlio coimnciieciiient of the disease if there is consi- djnible fever. Mf.rcarius wlicu tlicrc i.s nigl it-sweat, or cold, clammy skin. BeUadimna after Aconilc and Jferciirius, if there remains a dry, hacking cough, accompanied liy a constriction of the chest, which obstructs respiration and pi-inluces a sensation of suffocation. Carlo vegeiahilis, if tlie patient is'greatly debilitated, the pulse scarcely perceptible, the skin and breath cold, and the expecto- ration Occasionally of a reddish brown ct)lor. Phosplionis, if tliei"e is. a feeling of oppression or dull weight in one si'le of the chest, and the expectoration is rusty-colored or 3'ellowish. Chaniomilla^ if the breathing is still difficult and attended by a whi.stling or wheezing sound ; it may, if necessary, be followed by Nux vomica. fpecacuanha may be given after Mercitrms, if the respiration is very rapid and difiicult, and the latter remedy fails to afford relit- f. It may be repeated several times. Veratrum, when the extremities become cold, the constriction of the chest and difficulty of breathing increasing. ArsenicuTTi^ when there is great prostration of strength and sinlciiig; it will sometimes be successful in restoring apparently hopeless cases. If after sujipressed inflammation, profuse purulent expectora- tion sets in, Mercurins, Htpai\ Snlj^hur, China Dulcamara and sometimes Pulsatilla will be of service. CHAP. V. AFFECTIONS OF THE CHEST. 175 Tliere is still another sloic, insidunis Trflamviation of the Lvrutft, in which blood-letting is downright murder It is often extromely insidious in ita ap])ro;K'h, the symptoms being so slight that no serious mischief is suspected, till suddenly oppression, with great difficulty of respiration, and irregular motions of the chest set in, and death takes ])lace in a very short time from congestion of the lungs. The patient however, generally complains of severe headache, loss of appetite and inability to sleep for a day or two, and is then snddeidy taken with a chill. This is followed by more or less oppression of the chest and shortness of breath, with slow fever, the pulse weak and quick, some heat of surface, the urine high-colored and scanty. As the disease progresses, the mind of the patient begins to wander; he talks and mutters continually, yet when questioned answers correctly 'I'lie pulse becomes irregular; the respiration still shorter, unequal and rattling ; the evacuations take place involuntarily, or are sometimes suppressed entirely ; the face assumes a greyish hue, the nose is dry, the lips and tongue dry, black and cracked, and the forehead is covered with a clammy perspiration. 'J"he cough, even in the beginning of the disease, is generally slight, and the expectoration, if any, white or yellowish, and but seldom mixed with blood. ViiUl plai/u/; is also another name given to those violent cases which are suidenly taken with a chill and cold skin, and often die without reaction taking place. A favorable indication during the course of the disease is the breaking out of a general odorous perspiration over the whole body, or the appearance of small shining grains in the urine. If no physician can be had, the following remedies may be given : Ojyium in the commencement. It may be repeated two or three times. Arnica should follow 02Jium if the latter does not produce a favorable change. Veratrum, if the foregoing remedies effect no improvement, and the patient becomes exceedingly weak, with clammy perspi- ration on the forehead; difficult, unequal and rattling respiration, and coldness of tlie extremities. Arsenicum may be given after Veratriim, if the weakness and rattling respiration increase, the pnlse becomes irregular, very small and quick, the complexion oartliy, tlie tongue dark brown or black, and dry. These two remedies may be given alternately at intervals of two, four or six hours, according to the urgency of the case. fyecaciianha sometimes after or in alternation with Veratrum. After Ipecacuanha^ Arsenicum is freijuently useful. Stdjihur, if the improvement from any of the Riregoing reme- lies be but temporary ; and then again, Veratrum, Opium, Arseni- 176 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. cuvi, or any one of them whicli had previously been followed by a marked degree of improvement. Belladonna will remove attacks of blindness, occurring in the course of the disease. Natriim muriaticum will sometimes remove the increasing weakness and prostration of strength, after the foilure oi Arseni- cum and the other remedies, and entirely change the aspect of tlie disease. Cliina and Arsenicum must be administered alternately, if galling or excoriation take place from lying in bed. Consumption of the Lungs Ought always be treated by a homoeopathic physician. The alloeopathists pour fish -oil into the patient, expecting it would keep up 11 fc; as it does the light in a lamp. Contusion or Concussion of the Chest. In Part First of this book. Arnica is prescribed for injuries of this kind, wliich is always better than bleeding ; in hemorrhage it was observed under what circumstances Arnica ought to alternate with Aconite, viz: in cases where the fever continues, is worse in the evening, with a pain as from an ulcer in the chest; afterwards, if these are insufficient, give Pulsaiilla ; but if there is cough with expectoration of thick yellow mucus, Mercnrins will be the most appropriate remedy ; if the expecto- ration has a sweet taste, and the breathing is asthmatic, Nux vomica; "if other symptoms, such as a dry, hacking cough, oppressed breathing, pale complexion, bad appetite or sleepless- ness, China; if pain remains in the whole chest, particularly about the short ribs, as if bruised or crushed, give Apium virus. If there remain undefined complaints, weak chest, flying pains, or a pain as if something was pierced through the chest, give Sulphur. CHAP. VI. AFFECTIONS OF THE THEOAT. 177 CHAPTER YI. AFFECTIONS OF THE THROAT. Sore Throat or Quinsey. The various affections producing a troublesome pain in the thioat pass under the general name of sore throat. In order to examine the throat, place the patient in the light near a high window, if possible; let him open his mouth wide and push his tongue forward, while you introduce the handle of a spoon and press down the back part of the tongue, but not with too much violence ; by this means the whole of the inside may be examined. Persons not familiar with this simple practice, and who, of course, must needs take a longer time in the examination, should first let the patient open his mouth, hold back his head and put out his tongue, that they may examine the upper part of the throat. Then let him rest awhile, after which let him, a second time, open his mouth wide that a spoon handle may be introduced, and the back of the tongue pressed down gently, so that the small palate with the tonsils and the interior part of the throat are exposed to view. The use of the spoon to press down the tongue may often be avoided by directing the patient to open his mouth wide and draw in his breath forcibly, the tongue then generally goes down and the soft palate goes up during the inspiration. ]n chikiren who will generally resist this examination, it is sonif^times neces- sary to put a cork between the teeth ; care, however, should be taken that, in press. ng down the tongue, no injury is done. Then » ompare the remarks of the patient, and yonr own observations with the synip, oms of the medicines recommended. In cases with hoarseness, look under this head. An exce.'ent domestic remedy for sore throat when it first comes on, and one that is i. '^tantly available, is to put two or three folds of linen rag, that has been dippx. J 'n cold water, around the neck, and over this a roll of flannel or a long worstca stocking. The patient should go to bed when this is ap- plied and he will often be surprised and delighted to find that his sore throat is gone hy the morning. Men who suffer frequently from sore throat should allow their beards to grow beneath the chin ; women should wear fur boas in cold damp weather, but in fine weather the throat should not be nwieh wrapped up. It is good to wash the neck every morning with cold water, and after- wards rub it well. Gargling the throat with irritating substances, is an old and pernicious practice, which has been abandoneded entirely, even by the better physicians of the old school. When the throat is dry, swollen and very painful, the patient mav inhale the vapor of hot water by holding his mouth over a jug half filled with it. Aconite, when the patient li:is difficulty and pain in swallow- ing or in speaking; wlien the throat is much more red than usual; and for a burning, pricking, or contracting sensation, accompanied by fever, nervousness, impatience and uneasiness. n 178 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. Belladonna, when the outside of the throat is swollen, and drinking produces spasms in the throat, the fluids returning throuffh the nose; constant disposition to swallow; pricking pain on swallowing and on touching the throat; swallowing difficult, producing spasms, or entirely impossible; the throat feels as if there were a plug in it; a dry, burning sensation in the throat, and a disposition to hawk up something; when not swallowing, tearing pain extending to the lower jaws, or up into the head ; ulcers in the throat, which appear very suddenly and spread rapidly, tonsils and the small palate swollen, and of a bright or yellowish red color, or redness without swelling; violent pains when swallowing and hawking, sometimes even when speaking; pressing, shooting pain in the tonsils, which seem as if they would burst, the glands swollen outside, accompanied by violent fever, and sometimes thirst; profuse salivation, pain in the fore- head, and furred tongue. During the prevalence of scarlet fever, Belladonna is most suitable for sore throat. Afercuniis in cases similar to Belladonna, when the latter is insufficient, and the throat continues swollen, very red, or be- comes ulcerated. When the ulcers are not painful, and come on slowly, Belladonna is of no use, but Mercurius must be given, and may be sometimes alternated with Hepar. In the beginning of the disease, it is more suitable than the preceding remedy, if the pricking pains are very violent when swallowing, extending to the ears or to the glands of the throat, and to the lower jaw; when the burning in the throat scarcely allows the patient to swallow, with stitches in the tonsils, and a very disagreeable taste in the mouth, the gums and back part of the tongue swol- len, with abundant discharge of saliva; in the evening, chills or heat, followed by perspiration, which does not relieve ; uneasi- ness, or an aggravation of all the symptoms during the night ; also worse in the air ; accompanied by pain and drawing in the neck and throat outside; after Belladonna or Mercurius the pa- tient ought to avoid taking cold. Hepar ater Mercurius particularly after taking fresh cold; CHAP. Vr. AFFECTIONS OF THE THROAT. 179 after Hepar, Mercurius may be given again if there is no improve- ment. Lachesis may be given when Belladonna^ Mercurius or Hepar seems to be indicated, but does not suffice; if the small palate is swelled ; continual disposition to swallow ; profuse salivation ; accumulation of phlegm in the throat ; bad ulcers ; spasms which prevent drinking ; the throat is very sensitive to the slightest touchy even to that of the bed clothes ; all the symptoms are worse after sleeping. It is more suitable for persons who have taken much mercury. Ghamomilla often answers for children, or when the complaint is caused b}' a cold, from exposure to a draught of air while in a state of perspiration. And besides the symptoms mentioned under Aconite, for dryness in the throat, with thirst; feeling of obstruction when swallowing and when bending the neck. It appears to the patient as if something were sticking in the throat, which he has a constant desire to remove, but cannot ; throbbing pain and swelling of the glands of the lower jaw ; fever, generally occurring in the evening, either accompanied with heat or with cold, sometimes with a catarrh and tickling in the throat, a pricking pain in the larynx, and hoarseness. After taking this remedy, perspiration not unfrequently ensues, which must not be interfered with by giving other medicines. Ignatia for cases similar to those mentioned under Ghamo- milla^ when there is a constant feeling as if there were a lump in the throat ; a sore spot in the throat when swallowing ; acute, shooting pain, which sometimes is experienced only when the patient is not swallowing. Fluids are more difficult to swallow than solid food. The same remedy answers when the tonsils are swollen and inflamed, ulcerated or hard. Before, however, deciding on this medicine, compare what is said under Bella- donna^ Mercurius^ Hepar and Sulphur. For ulcers on the tonsils which do not appear to be deep, give Ignatia^ and afterwards Lycopodium. Nuxvomica^m cases similar to those mentioned under Chamo- milla and IgnaUa ; especially for a sensation as if there were a 180 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. plug or lump in the throat, particular!}' when swallowii g ; with pains rather pressing than shooting, worse on swallowing the saliva. The throat feels raw and excoriated, or as if scraped and rough; the cold air affects the throat painfully ; sometimes the small palate is swollen and red. Piihatilla for the same sensation on swallowing as described under Nxix vomica, or the throat appears too narrow, as if ob- structed from a swelling; redness and sensation of scraping; dryness of the throat without thirst; shooting pains in the throat, worse when swallowing ; a feeling of tension in the throat ; the glands on the neck are painful when touched ; the interior of the throat is more of a bluish-red ; the fever is unac- companied by thirst; chilliness in the evening, followed by heat. Bryonia^ when the throat is painful on being touched, or on turning the head ; swallowing difficult and painful, as if a hard substance were in the throat; shooting pains and soreness, attended with dryness, or a feeling of dryness, which renders speaking difficult. These symptoms commonly occur after being overheated, or after eating ice or drinking ice-water; they are frequently accompanied by fever, either with or with- out tliirst, and great irritability. Rhus for symptoms similar to those under Bryonia^ except that the pains extend further down, and the patient is more inclined to weep, and when Bryonia does not effect a complete cure. Capsicum for symptoms similar to those previously men- tioned ; it may be given when the other remedies do not suffice; when the fever continues, with chills and thirst, followed by heat ; the pains particularly oppressive, the throat spasmodically contracted; excoriations and ulcers in the throat and mouth, with a sensation of burning; at the same time cough, with vio- lent pain in the throat. It is particularly indicated when the patient wants to be always in bed, and is disposed to sleep ; is afraid of the air and cold. Apium virus, if the patient is always chilly and afraid of the open air, yet cannot bear a closed room, particularly not when CHAP. VI. AFFECTIONS OF THE THROAT. 181 heated ; if he is hot, but not thirsty ; if he has had nettle-rash ; if the tongue and throat are as if scalded ; burning blisters on the left margin of the tongue; dryness and redness of the mouth and throat, thick saliva ; tonsils red and swollen with stinging, burning and itching pains. Coffea for sore throat, accompanied by catarrh, with a disposi- tion to cough ; worse in the air ; at the same time sleeplessness, heat, great sensitiveness, inclination to weep. It may be given two or three times. It is particularly applicable when pain passes from the side of the palate into the throat, is constant, worse when swallowing; when the small palate is swollen and elongated, feeling as of mucus in the throat with constant efforts at swallowing, also dryness and heat in the throat. Verairum is indicated when the throat is dry and burns, is very rough and sore, with pressure as if swollen; pain and spasms when swallowing. Cocculus, when the complaint is seated deeper in the throat, and attended with pain when the food passes, or dryness extend- ing low down, or when drinking produces a gurgling noise. Chma against dryness and pricking in the throat which is painful when swallowing ; the complaint is worse after every fresh exposure to the air ; pains which change about, disturb the patient during the night, and return every time he takes cold. Sulphur for frequent or continual sore throat, particularly when the inside of the throat, the tonsils and the small palate are swollen ; swallowing is impeded, and besides the usual pains, peculiar pricking pains, or a sensation as if there was a lump in the throat, or the throat was too narrow, with soreness or dryness. If there should be a round swelling forming on one side of the throat, attended with stitches and throbbing pain, which may indicate an abscess, the suffering may be relieved, and sup- puration promoted by the repeated external application of warm linseed poultices, and by holding in the mouth warm milk or gruel. The patients, especially children, should be carefully 17 182 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. watched during the night, to prevent the danger of suffocation in case the abscess should break. Silicea, ffepar, Sulphur, Mercurius, and Lachesis are the reme dies which will be of most service in such cases. CHAPTER YII. AFFECTIONS OF THE TEETH Toothache. Pains, originating in the teeth, sometimes affect other parts of the head, as the lower jaw, the ear, the upper jaw, and the bones of the face ; and pains which originate in these parts extend likewise to the teeth. "We append, therefore, " The Face-ache" to this chapter. This connection between the difl'erent parts of the head show that the cause of the complaint should not always be looked for in carious teeth. Hollow teeth are sometimes painful, because they are affected by di-ease, but their being hollow teeth does not necessarily produce pain ; tliey may get hollow and decay altogether without any pain whatever ; if pain were occasioned by hollowness, the tooth would ache continually, while, on the other hand, teeth that are not hollow may pain most violently. "What is said of exposed nerves producing pain is nonsense ; whoever knows what a nerve is, and will take the trouble to reflect, will soon be convinced of it. Extraction of teeth is only allowable where there exists a fistula, ulcers at the roots, and the like, and as most of these can be cured V)y homcEopathic remedies, it can only be necessary in the few incurable cases, and in children who are shedding their teeth ; in all other cases it is a bad remedy, because the root has to be extracted, and this is injurious to the jaw, as the root may remain in it without causing the least pain, when we know how to treat it. Anothen reason for deprecating the extraction of teeth is, that, as soon as one has been taken out, another begins to decay. "When the teeth I'emain in the jaw, the decay communicates itself but very slowly, except in a few diseases where the decay in a short time destroys all or most of the teeth. But when the disease is of this nature, extracting does no good, not even if all the teeth are taken out, for in this case it will attack the jaw. Let no one believe that one tooth can affect another, make it black, and commu- nicate the caries by contact. This is the doctrine of those who get paid for extracting them, but who cannot cure toothache. Most of the tooth powders and tinctures sold by perfumers and chemists are injurious. The teeth and gums ought not to be picked much, it is a very injurious habit ; be careful in drinking to avoid extremes of hot and cold, and keep the teeth clean by rinsing the mouth every morning and after every meal. Many persons are unable to keep their teeth clean and white without using some kind of tooth-powder. All camphorated and prepared chalk den- tifrices should be avoided. A good and innocuous tooth-powder is made by burning stale bread quite black, triturating it to a fine powder in a mort>ir, CHAP. VII. AFFECTIONS OF THE TEETH 183 washing it to free it from salts, and then drying it. Sugar of milk aiid the chalky portion of the back-bone of a cuttle-fish are sold by some homa>opathic chemists as tooth-powders, but they are not so efficacious as this charcoal for those whose teeth very readily become discolored. The most pleasant way of cleaning the teeth and removing even the tartar, is sour milk. Rub the teeth with it, and then rinse the mouth with warm water, and you will feel how clean the teeth have become. If you have toothache, make a timely selection of one of the following remedies, and in most cases you will find that they give S])eedy relief. The worst of all the common remedies is opium or laudanum. It is always injurious. Pain which has been removed by opium is sure to return with redoubled violence some time or other. But it is very seldom the true remedy, and when it is, the best way to use it is to tie a piece of opium of the size of a pea on the outside of the cheek. Creosote ought to be used with the greatest caution ; in many cases it is of no use, for instance, in the case of females in pregnancy, very rarely ; in most cases it only allays the pain for awhile, and produces ulcers in the mouth, the throat and the stomach ; the mere introduction of it into the mouth affects the stomach. For persons with weak lungs it is very injurious. When the toothache evidently depends on the access of the air or of par- ticles of food into the hollow of a decayed tooth, the cavity should be imme- diately stopped. 'J'he best stu fifing for teeth is pure gold leaf, as used by good dentists, but when a good dentist cannot be readily obtained, or when the tooth is too far gone for such an operation, a very good stuffing may be made with gutta percha, as described further on, under the head of " Offensive Breath." Never allow your teeth to be filled with preparations of " tin-foil," " pure silver." or such like articles ; they contain often mercury, and are always injurious to the general health. Persons who suSer much from toothache should abstain from the use of coffee altogether; it is genei-ally injurious to the teeth. When homoeopathic remedies are used, care should be taken for a long time to avoid everything that would interfere with their operation. It ought to be observed, that one or two globules taken on the tongue, if it is the proper remedy, or, in some cases, merely smelling the medicine, will give the patient relief. The pain frequently gets worse for a short time after taking the medicine, but wait awhile patiently, and if it begins to abate take nothing more, until there is no longer any improvement. If it get worse again, and the symptoms resemble the first, take the same medicine ; if they differ, select another. As the torture from toothache is so common, and embitters life so much, and as medicines not suitably chosen will prove ineffectual, we will endeavor, as much as possible, to facilitate the selection of the proper remedy, by show- ing the twofold manner in which it must be found : namely, first, by com- paring the syinpioins with the medicines adapted to them, and then by com- paring the riiedkiiLes with their respective symptoms. In the first place, take note of every symptom complained of by the patient, and note down also the remedies which are recommended for each ; then examine the symptoms under those medicines which occur most frequently on your list, and see whether they also correspond with the proper symptoms : by these means the proper remedy may generally be easily discovered. It should be taken into consideration that not all the symptoms mentioned under a remedy are necessarily to be found in the patient, but that all, or at least the greater part of the symptoms of the patient must be found under the remedy selected. 184 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. To explain this, we will give the following example : — A patient has violent] tearing cr drawing pains in diffurent places, and tearing in the g'ums(a);! sometinieK tearing pain extending into the head (/<) ; cold air makes it worse (c) ; It is mostly worse in the morning {d) ; accompanied by determination of blood to the head (e). Among the difi'erent symptoms, we find for — sphorus, Staphisagria, Sulphur. w Ulcerated. — Belladonna. Calcarea, Carbo vegetabilis, Causticum, ! epar, Lachesis, Mercurius, Natrum muriaticum, Nux vomica. Phosphorus, Staphisagria, Silicea. Pressing. — Aconite, Arnica, Bryonia, Carbo vegetabilis, Causticum, China, Hyoscyamus, Ignatia, Natrum muriaticum, Nux moschata, Nux vomica. Phosphorus, Rhus, Silicea, Staphisagria, Sulphur. Inwards. — Rhus. Staphisagria. Outward. — Phosphorus. — Asunder. — Phosphoric acid. As if from Congestion of the Blood, as if the teeth were too close. — Aconite, Arnica, Belladonna, Chamomilla, Calcarea, China, Coffea, Hepar, Hyoscyamus, Nux vomica, Pulsatilla. As if Pulled out or wrenched. — .\rnica, Causticum, Nux moschata, Nux vomica, Phosphoric acid, Rhus. Too Long. — Arnica, Arsenicum, Belladonna, Bryovia, Calcarea, Carbo vege- tabilis, Causticum, Chamomilla, Lachesis, Hyoscyamus, Natrum muriaticum, Nux vomica, Rhus, Silicea, Sulphur. 17* 186 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. Looae.— Arnica, Arsenicum, Bryonia, Carbo vegetabilis, Causticum, Chamo. milla, China, Hepar. Hyosaianncs, Ignatia, Mercurius. Natrum niuriaticum, Nux moscbata, Nax vomica, Phosphorus, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Staphisagria, Sulphur. As if too Loose. — Arsenicum, Bryonia, Hyoscyamvs, Mercurius, Rhus. Bltint. — Aconite, China, Dulcamara, Ignatia, Lachesis, Natrum niuriaticum, Mercurius, Nux moschaia, Phosphorus, Phosphoric acid, PuUatUlo., Silicca, Staphisagria, Sulphur. Sore, Bruised. — Arnica, Arsenicum, Belladonna, Bryonia, Calcarea, Carbo vegetabilis, Causticum, l>/natia, Natrum, niuriaticum, Nux vomica, Phosphorus, Pulsatilla, Rhus. Burning. — Charnoniilla, Mercurius, Natrum muriaticum, Nux vomica. Phos- phorus, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Silicea, Sulphur. Gna-wing, Scraping. — Chaniomilla, Nux vomica, Rhus, Staphisagria, Digging. — Aiitimoniuni crudum, Bryonia, Calcarea, China, Ignatia. Boring. — Belladonna, Calcarea, Lachesis, Mercurius, Natrum muriaticum Phosphorus, Phosphoric acid, Nux vomica, Silicea, Sulphir. Jerking, Tvwitoliing. — Apiuin virus, Antinionium crudum, Arsenicum, Bry- onia, Belladonna, Calcarea, Causticum, Cepa, Chamomilla, Cofifea, Hepar, Hyoscyamus, Lachesis, Mercurius, Nux vomica, Pulsatilhi, Rlnw^, Sulphur. Dravring, Tearing. — Antinionium crudum. Belladonna, Bryonia, Carbo vege- tabilis, Calcarea, Cepa, Chamomilla, China, Glonoine, Hyoscyamus, Lachesis, Mercurius, Nux vomica. Phosphoric acid, Rhus, Staphis- agria. Cutting, Piercing. — Aconite, Antimonium crudum. Belladonna Bryonia, Calcarea Causticum, C/tamoinilla, China, Lachesis, Mercurius, Nux vomica, Nux moschata. Phosphorus, Phosphoric acid, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Silicea, Staphisagria. Beating, Pulsating. — Aconitf, Arnica, Arsenicum, Belladonna, Calcarea, Causticum, Chamomilla, China, Coffea, Glonoine, Hyoscyamus, La^ chesis, Mercurius, Natram muriaticum, Phosphorus, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Staphisagria, Sulphur. Intermittent. — Belladonna, Bryonia, Chamomilla, Coffea, Calcarea, China, •Mercurius, Nux vomica, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Silicea, Staphisagria, Sulphur. Constant, day and nlght.^Belladonna, Calcarea, Causticum, Natrum mu riaticuni, Silicea, Sulphur. During the day only, better in the night. — Mercurius. 1 none in the night. — Calcarea, Belladonna, Mercurios Nux vomica. , ■worse in bed. — Antinionium crudum, Mercurius. CHAP. VII. AFFECTIONS OF THE TEETH. 187 Worst In the night. — Aconitum, Antimouium crudum, Arsenicum, BelJctdon- na, Bryonia, Carbo v egetabilis, Chamomilla, China, CofTea, Hepar, Hyoscyamus, Mercurius, Natrum muriaticum, Nux moschata, Nux vomica, Phosphorus, Phosphoric acid, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Silicea, Stu-phisagria, Sulphur. By night only, not during the day. — Phosphorus. Moat before midnight. — Bryonia, Chamomilla, China, Natrum muriaticum, Rhus, Sulpliur. . after .—Arsenicum, Belladonna, Bryonia, Carbo vegetabilis, Chamomilla, China, Mercurius, Natrum muriaticum, Pulsatilla, Phosphoric acid, Khus, Slaphisayria, Sulphur. When awaking. — Belladonna, Carbo vegetabilis, Lachesis, Nux vomica. — (See Sleep.) In the morning. — Arsenicum, Belladonna, Bryonia, Causticum, Carbo vege- tabilis, China, Hyosci/ajiiiis, Igaaiiix, Natrum muriaticum, iVMa;?;o?wtca, Phosphorus, Phosphoric acid, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Staphisagria, Sulphur. At noon. — Cocculus, Rhus. Afternoon. — Calcarea, Causticum, Mercurius, Nux vomica. Phosphorus, PalaatUla, Sulphur. Towards evening. — Pulsatilla. At night. — Antimonium crudum, Belladonna, Bryonia, Calcarea, Causticum, Hepar, Uijoscyamus, Ignatia, Mercurius, Nux moschata, Nux vomica. Phosphorus, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Staphisagria, Sulphur. Every other day. — China, Natrum muriaticum. Every seventh day. — Arsenicum, Phosphorus, Sulphur. In Spring. — Aconitum, Belladonna, Bryonia, Calcarea, Carbo vegetabilis, Dulcamara, Lachesis, Natrum muriaticum, Nux vomica, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Silicea, Sulphur. In Summer. — Antimonium crudum, Belladonna, Bryonia, Calcarea, Carbo vegetabilis, Chamomilla, Lachesis, Natrum muriaticum, Nux vomica, Pulsatilla. Ju Autumn. — Bryonia, China, Mercurius, Nux vomica, Nux moschata, Rhus. In Winter. — Aconitum, Arsenicum, Belladonna, Bryonia, Calcarea, Carbo vegetabilis, Causticum, Chamomilla, Dulcamara, Hepar, Hyoscya- mus, Ignatia, Mercurius, Nux moschata, Nux vomica. Phosphorus. Phosphoric acid, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Silicea, Sulphur. Caused by Damp night-air. — Nux moschata. Damp air. — Mercurius. Cold, damp weather. — Nux moschata, Cepa, Rhus. Wind. — Aconitum, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Silicea. Draught. — Belladonna, Calcarea, China, Sulphur Taking Cold — Acomimn, Belladonna, Bryoniu, Calcarea Causticum, Cham- 188 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. omilla, China, Coffca, Dulcamara, Ignatia, Hyoscyamus, Merctirius, Ntix vonwca, Niix moschata, Phosphorus, Pulsatilla, Ehics, Staphis- agria, Sulphur. Taklnfif Cold, when overheated. — Glonoine, Rhus. J by getting wet Belladonna, Calcarea, Causticum, Hepar, La- chesis, Nux moschata. Phosphorus, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Sulphur. Suppressed Perspiration. — Charaomilla, Rhus. Getting worse from Cold air. — Belladonna, Calcarea, Hyoscyamus, Mer- curius, Nux moschata, Nux vomica, Silicea, Staphisagria, Sulphur. in the mouth. — Aconitum, Belladonna, Bryonia, Calcarea, Causticum, Hyoscyamus, Mercurius, Nux moschata, Nux vomica, Phosphorus, Pulsatilla, Silicea, Staphisagria, Sulphur. Opening of the Mouth. — Bryonia, Chamomilla, Causticum, Hepar, Nux vomica, Phosphorus, Pulsatilla. Breathing. — Pulsatilla. Draw^ing air into the Mouth — Antimonium crudum, Belladonna, Bryonia, Calcarea, Causticum, Hepar, Mercurius, Natrum muriaticum, Nux moschata. Phosphorus, Silicea, Staphisagria, Sulphur. Cold washing Antimonium crudum, Bryonia, Calcarea, Chamomilla, Met' curius, Nux moschata, Nux vomica, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Silicea, Sta- phisagria, Sulphur. Sating cold things Bryonia, Calcarea, Chamomilla, Nux vomica, Pulsa- tilla, Rhus, Staphisagria, Sulphur. Drinking cold things — Bryonia, Calcarea, Chamomilla, Causticum, Hepar, Lachesis, Mercurius, Natrum muriaticum, Nux moschata, Nux vomica, Pulsatilla, Silicea, Staphisagria, Sulphur. Rinsing of the Mouth with Cold "Water. — Sulphur. Cold in general Arsoiicum, Antimonium crudum, Calcarea, Carbo vege- tabilis, Mercurius, Natrum muriaticum, Nux moschata, Nux vomica, Puhaiilla, Phosphoric acid, Rhus, Silicea, Staphisagria, Sulphur. In the open air — Belladonna, Calcarea, Causticum, Chamomilla, China, Hyoscyamus, Mercurius, Nux moschata, Nux vomica, Phosphorus, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Staphisagria, Sulphur. Staying. — Belladona, Bryonia, Chamomilla, Hyoscyamus, Mercurius Nux vomica, Phosphoric acid, Staphisagria, Sulphur. "Walking — Nux vomica, Phosphorus, Staphisagria. In a Room — Apium virus, Antimonium crudum, Chamomilla, Hepar, Nux vomica, Pulsatilla, Sulphur. after coming out of the open air. — Phosphorus. In a warm Room — Cepa, Chamomilla, Hepar, Nux vomica, Pulsatilla, Phosphoric acid, Bryonia. Warm Stove. — Arsenicum, Pulsatilla. CHAP. VII. AFFECTIONS OF THE TEETH. 189 External warmth. — Bryonia, Chamomilla, Hepar, Mercurius, Nux mos- chata, Nux vomica, Phosphorus, Phosphoric acid, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Staphisagria, Sulphur. Something warm. — Bryonia, Calcarea, Carbo Yegetabilis, Chamomilla, CofFea, Lachesis, Mercurius, Natrum muriaticum, Nux vomica, Phosphoric acid, Pulsatilla, Silicea, Sulphur, Eating warm things. — Bryonia, Calcarea, Chamomilla, Nux vomica. Phos- phorus, Pulsatilla, Silicea. Something hot — Belladonna, Calcarea, Phosphoric acid. Drinking warm things. — Bryonia, Chamomilla, Lachesis, Mercurius, Nux moschata, Nux vomica, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Silicea. Warm bed — Belladonna, Bryonia, Chamomilla, Mercurius, Nux vomica, Phosphorus, Phosphoric acid, Piil'^aliUa, Rhus. Getting warm in bed — ChamomiUa, Mercurius, Phosphoric acid, Phos- phorus, Pulsatilla. Diinklng.—Chamomilla, Calcarea, Oausticum, Lachesis, Mercurius, Pulsa- tilla, Rhus, Silicea. Cold or warm — Lachesis. Water. — Bryonia, Calcarea, Carljo vegetabilis, Chamomilla, Mercu- rius, Nux vomica, Pulsatilla, Silicea, Staphisagria, Sulphur. • Wine. — Aconitum, Iguatia. [Nux vomica, after wine.~\ — Malt liquors. — Nux vomica, Rhus. Coffee Belladonna, Carbo vegetabilis, Chamomilla, Oocculus, Ig- natia, Mercurius, Nux vomica, Pulsatilla, Rhus. Tea — China, Coffea, Ignatia, Lachesis. Smoking tobacco. — Bryonia, Chamomilla, China, Ignatia, Mercurius, Nux vomica. Salty things Carbo vegetabilis. Eating. — Antimouium crudum. Arnica, Belladonna, Bryonia, Calcarea, Carho vegetabilis, Oausticum, Chamomilla, Cocculus, Hepar, Hyoscyamus, Lachesis, Mercurius, Nux moschata, Nux vomica. Phosphorus, Phosphoric acid, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Silicea, Staphisagria, Sulphur. Only w^hile Eating — Cocculus. After Eating- Antimonium crudum. Belladonna, Bryonia, Calcarea, Cha- momilla, China, Coffea, Ignatia, Lachesis, Mercurius, Natrum muri- aticum, Nux vomica, Rhus, Staphisagria, Sulphur. Chewing Arnica, Arsenicum, Belladonna, Bryonia, Carbo vegetabilis^ Causticum, China, Cocculus, Coffea, Eyosnjanms, Ignatia, Mercurius, Natrum 7nuriaticum, Nux vomica. Phosphorus, Phosphoric acid, Pulsatilla, Silicea, Staphisagria, Sulphur. Only while chewing — China. Swallowing. — S taphisagria. 190 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. Biting — Arsenicum, Belladonna, Bryonia, Calcarea, Carbo vegetabilis, Cans- ticum, China, Coffea, Hepar, Hyoscyamus, Lachesis, Mercurius, Nux vomica. Phosphorus, Phosphoric acid, Pulsatilla, Rhtis, Silicea, Staphisagria, Sulphur. something soft. — Veratrum. . soft food — Cocculus. hard food. — Mercurius. Touched by the food. — Belladonna, Ignatia, Nux vomica, Phosphoma, Staphisagria. Picking. — Pulsatilla. Cleaning. — Carbo vegctabilis, Lachesis, Phosphoric acid, Staphisagria. Touching — Antimonium crudum, Arnica, Arsenicum, Belladonna, Bryonia,^ Calcarea, Carbo vegetabilis, Causticura, China, Coffea, Hepar, Igna- tia, Mercurius, Natrum rauriaticum, Nux moschata, Nux vomica, Phosphorus, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Sulphiir, Staphisagria. with the tongue. — Carbo vegetabilis, China, Ignatia, Mercurius, Phosphorus, Rhus. even very softly. — Belladonna, Ignatia, Nux vomica, Staphisagria. Pressing on the Teeth. — Causticum, China, Hyoscyamus, Natrum muriati- cum, Staphisagria, Sulphur. Sucking the Gums — Belladonna, Carbo vegetabilis, Nux moschata, Nux vomica, Silicea. Rinsing. — Ignatia, Mercurius, Platinum. Movljig the body. — Arnica, Blladonna, Brgonia, China, Mercurius, Nux vomica, Phosphorus, Staphisagria. — the mouth. — Causticum, Chamomilla, Mercurius, Nux vomica. Talking. — Nux moschata. Deep breathing. — Nux vomica. Being at rest — Arsenicum, Bryonia, Chamomilla, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Sta- phisagria, Sulphur. Sitting. — Antimonium crudum, Mercurius, Pulsatilla, Rhtts. too much. — Aconitum. "While lying down. — Arsenicum, Belladonna, Bryonia, Chamomilla, Hyos- cyamus, Ignatia, Mercurius, Nux vomica, Phosphorus, Pulsatilla, h'hns, Staphisagria, Sulphur. on the painful side. — Arsenicum, Nux vomica. on the painless side. — Bryonia, Chamomilla, Ignatia, Pulsatilla. in bed. — Bryonia, Chamomilla, Nux vomica, Pulsatilla. In bed — Antimonium crudum, Belladonna, Bryonia, Chamomilla, Mercurius, Nux vomica, Phosphorus, Pulsatilla. Sleep with yawning. — Staphisagria. "When going to sleep. — Antinionum crudum, Arsenicum, Mercurius, Sul- phur. While asleep. — Mercurius. CHAP. VII. AFFECTIONS OF THE TEETH. 191 When awaking — Belladonna, Bryonia, Calcarea, Carbo vegetabilis, L»- chesis, Nux vomica, Phosphorus, Silicea, Sulphur. Mental emotions — Aconitum. An er. — Aconitum, Chamomilla, Rhus, Staphisagria. Passion. — Nux vomica. Mental exertions — Belladonna, Ignatia, Nux vomica. Reading' — Ignatia, Nux vomica. Noise — Calcarea. Being- talked to by others. — Arsenicum, Bryonia. For Women — Aconitum, Apium virus. Belladonna, Calcarea, Chamomilla, China, CoSea, Hyoscyamus, Ignatia, Nux raoschata, Pulsatilla. Menstruation, before — Arsenicum. during. — Calcarea, Chamomilla, Carbo vegetabilis, Natrum muriati- cum. Lachesis, Phosphorus. after. — Calcarea, Carbo vegetabilis, Chamomilla, Phosphorus. During Pregnancy. — Apium virus. Belladonna, Bryonia, Calcarea, Hyos- cyamus, Mercurius, Nux raoschata, Nux vomica, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Staphisagria. While nursing — Aconitum, Arsenicum, Belladonna, Calcarea, China, Dulca- mara, Mercurius, Nux vomica, Phosphorus, Staphisagria, Sulphur. For children — Aconitum, Antimonium crudum. Belladonna. Calcarea, Cha- momilla, Coffea, Ignatia, Pulsatilla, Mercurius, Silicea. For' irritable, nervous persons— Aconitum, Belladonna, Chamomilla, Cof- fea, China, Hyoscyamus, Nux moschata. For persons who have taken much mercury. — Carbo vegetabilis, Bellas donna, Hepar, Lachesis, Staphisagria, •who drink much coffee. — Belladonna, Carbo vegetabilis, Chamo- milla, Cocculus, Mercurius, Nux vomica, Pulsatilla, Rhus. Getting better from : Cold air. — Nux vomica, Pulsatilla. Wind — Calcarea. Uncovering. — Pahatilla. Drawing air into the mouth. — Nux vomica, Pulsatilla. Cold washing,— Belladonna, Bryonia, Chamomilla, Pulsatilla, External Cold.— Belladonna, Bryonia, Chamomilla, China, Mercurius, Nux vomica. Phosphorus, Pulsatilla, Staphisagria, Sulphur, Cold hand. — Rhus, Finger wet with cold -water — Chamomilla. Holding cold water in the mouth. — Bryonia, Cepa. Cold drinking. — Belladonna, Bryonia, Chamomilla, Mercurius, Nux vomica. Phosphorus, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Sulphur. In the open air — Antimonium crudum, Bryonia, Cepa, ^e^p^t, Pulsatilla,- Nux vomica. 192 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. In the room. — Nux vomica, Phosphorus, Sulphur. External "Warmth. — Arsenicum, Belladonna, Calcarea*, Chamomilla, China, Hyosc^-amus, Lachesis, Mercurius, Nux moschata, Nux vomica, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Staphisarjria, Sulphur. Wrapping up the head. — Nux vomica. Phosphorus, Silicea Eating something v^arm — Arsenicum, Bryonia, Nux moschata, Nux vomica, Rhus, Sulphur. Drinking . — Nux moschata, Nux vomica, Rhus, Sulphur, Pulsatilla. Getting warm in bed. — Bryonia, Nux vomica. Drinking — Belladonna. Smoking Tobacco. — Mercurius. "When eating. — Belladonna, Bryonia, Chamomilla, Phosphoric acid, Silicea. After . — Arnica, Calcarea, Chamomilla, Phosphoric acid, Rhus, Silicea. When chewing. — Bryonia, China, Coifea. Biting. — Arsenicum, Bryonia, China, Coffea. Picking the teeth, so that they bleed. — Belladonna. Picking the teeth. — Phosphoric acid. Rubbing . — Mercurius, Phosphorus. Touching the teeth. — Bryonia, Nux vomica. Sucking the gums — Causticum. Pressing upon the teeth. — Belladonna, China, Bryonia, Ignatia, Natrum rauriaticum, Pulsatilla, Phosphorus, Rhus. Moving — Ptdsaiilla, Rhus. When walking — Pulsatilla, Rhus. When at rest. — Bryonia, Nux vomica, Staphisagria. Sitting up in bed. — Arsenicum, Mercurius, Rhus. Getting up — Phosphorus, Nux vomica. WTien lying down. — Bryonia, Mercurius, Nux vomica, on the painful side. — Bryonia, Ignatia, Pulsatilla. . painless Nux vomica. lying down in bed. — Mercurius, Pulsatilla. In bed. — Sulphur. When going to sleep — Mercurius. After sleep — Nux vomica, Pulsatilla. The Pains extend to the javrbones and face. — Lachesis, Mercurius, Nux vomica, Hyoscyamus, Rhus, Sulphur, to the cheeks. — Chamomilla, Causticum, Bryonia, Mercurius, Silicea, Staphisagria, Sulphur. into the ears — Arsenicum, Bryonia, Calcarea, Chamomilla, Hepar, Lachesis, Mercurius, Staphisagria, Sulphur. into the eyes — Causticum, Chamomilla, Mercurius, Pulsatilla, Sta- phisagria, Sulphur. CHAl". VII. AFFECTIONS OF THE TEETH. 193 The pains extend into the head — Antimonium crudum, Arsenicum, Chamomilla, Hyoscyamus, Mercarius, Nux vomica, Rhus, Sta- phisagria, Sulphur. With headache. — Apium virus, Glonoine, Lachesis. rush of blood to the head — Aconitum, Calcarea, China, Hyosey amus, Lachesis, Pulsatilla. swollen veins of the forehead and hands. — China. heat in the head — Aconitum, Hyoscyamus, Pulsatilla. burning^ of the eyes — Belladonna. flushed cheeks. — Aconitum, Arnica, Belladonna, Chamomilla, Mer curius, Nux moschata, Nux vomica, Phosphorus, Pulsatilla, Rhua. Sulphur. paleface — Aconitum, Arsenicum, Ignatia, Pulsatilla, Staphisagria Sulphur. swellingr of the cheek. — Arnica, Arsenicum, Belladonna, Bryonia, Chamomilla, Lachesis, MerciiriuSjlA&iTnra muriaticum, Nux vomica, Pulsatilla. Phosphorus, Phosphoric acid, Staphisagria, Sulphur. salivation — Belladonna, Dulcamara, Mercurius. dry mouth and thirst. — China. without thirst. — Pulsatilla. dry throat and thirst — Belladonna. chilliness. — Pulsatilla, Rhus, heat — Hyoscyamus, Rhus. — ; warm perspiration. — Hyoscyamus. chilliness, heat, thirst — Lachesis. diarrhoea — Chamomilla, Coffea, Dulcamara, Rhus. constipation — Bryonia, Mercurius, Nux vomica, Mercurius, Sta- phisagria. Note. — You must not be surprised to find in the above list, the same remediej recommended for directly opposite symptoms, as, Arsenicum, for toothache, worse, and better from warmth; this is really often the case. The following medicines with their symptoms are arranged according to their importance, in order to facilitate the finding of any particular medicine, this alpha^ betical index is given : Aconitum, 3 Cepa 18 Mercurius, 13 Antimonium crudum 20 Chamomilla, 5 Nux moschata, 6 Apium virus, 26 China, 12 Nux vomica, 7 Arnica, 1 Coffea 2 Phosphorus, 17 Arsenicum 19 Dulcamara, 28 Phosphoric acid, 25 Belladonna, 11 Glonoine, 4 Pulsatilla, 8 Bryonia, 21 Hepar 14 Khus 22 Calcarea, 29 Hyoscyamus, 10 Silicen, 27 Carbo vegetabilis, 15 Ignatia 9 Staphisagria, .. 23 Causticum, 30 Lachesis, 24 Sulphur, 19 18 194 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. 1. Arnica is very useful after the extraction of a tooth ; it will stop the bleeding and accelerate the healing of the gums. Five drops of the tincture should be mixed with half a tumblerful of cold or tepid water, and the mouth rinsed several times with this. After the insertion of artificial teeth, it relieves the pain and the swelling; after filing out carious teeth — which is some- times a very useful operation — mix a few globules of it in a tea- spoonful of water, and put some of it on the parts which have been filed. In very intense pain, occurring after a tooth has been drawn, sometimes Hyoscyamus is of use; when the pain is severe after putting in new teeth, give Arnica and Aconitum alter- nately. Arnica is sometimes good for toothache, when attended by throbbing, as if the blood were being forced out of the tooth, or as if it had been started from its socket — worse when touched; it is also frequently of service for hard swelling of the cheeks, wliich frequently remains after the toothache has been cured. 2. Goffea will remove the severest pains, which drive the pa- tients almost frantic; when they cry, tremble, and do not know what to do ; and when the pain is indescribable ; it may be repeated once or twice. If it proves inefficacious, give Aconitum^ Veratrnm, Sulphur or Hyoscyamus. For stinging, jerking pain, or intermitting aching and pain when chewing, it is to be pre- ferred to all other remedies. 8. Aconitum must be given in all those cases where the patients are almost frantic with pain, which is indescribable, and which Goffea has failed to relieve; also for throbbing pains, occasioned by taking cold, with determination of blood to the head: burn- ing in the face; it is particularly suitable for children; it may be repeated several times; when it is no longer efficacious, give Chamomilla or Belladonna. 4. Glonoine for toothache from taking cold, after having been over-heated, if the beating of the pulse is felt in all the teeth, or a drawing in all the teeth, sometimes in the upper and some- times in the lower ones, and if the blood rushes to the head, with headache. 5. Ghamomilla is beneficial in many kinds of toothache, par- CHAP. VII. AFFECTIONS OF THE TEETH. 195 ticularlj in children — and in persons who are frequently vexed, and who drink much coffee — also in females before menstrua- tion ; pain in the hoUow teeth, after taking cold when in a per spiration, or when the patient is very irritable and inclined to cry ; when the pain is insupportable, and aggravated periodi- cally; is worse during the night; when no particular tooth can be pointed out as the painful one; or when the tooth is hollow, feels as if too long, and seems to move, (for the last symptom, perhaps, Bryonia will suit better,) or when the pain extends through the whole set, and every tooth feels too long ; also when it extends through the jaws to the ear ; or through the temples to the eyes ; or is mostly on one side, in the teeth, jaws, ears and head ; when there is orawling, sluggish pain continually, or scraping and scratching of the hollow tooth, after which the pain increases; drawing and tearing, or boring and throbbing pain ; when at its height, the pain is stinging and jerking, and extends to the ear; the patient cannot bear the warmth of the bed, and the pain generally commences soon after meals, particularly after eating or drinking anything warm; when it grows much worse after drinking cold water — also after coffee ; cannot be relieved by anything but dipping a finger into cold water and applying it to the tooth; when, while the pain lasts, the cheek is red and hot, or the cheek and gums are swollen and of a light red color ; when the glands under the chin are painful and swol- len — if the toothache is accompanied with great weakness, par- ticularly in the joints; pain in the articulation of the jaw on opening the mouth, extending to the teeth — Chamomilla is a certain cure. When it is partly adapted to the symptoms, and only gives partial relief, and the teeth are hollow, compare Ayiti- monium crudum, and then the following: 6. Nux moschata suits children, women — particularly during pregnancy — and all people with a cool, dry skin, who do not easily perspire; for pains from taking cold in damp, cold wea- ■ ther, or from the night air ; for pains which get worse if air, par- ticularly cold, damp air, is drawn into the mouth ; if warm water or warm applications ease the pain ; for toothache which 196 TKEATMENT OF DISEASES. is increased by the shaking of the body in going up or down stairs ; if the pain commences on the right side and goes to the left ; for pains as if a tooth was wrenched out ; worse from much talking ; if the teeth become easily blunt. 7. Nux vomica is useful for toothache in persons of a hasty temper, with ruddy complexion, who like coffee and ardent spirits — have little out-door exercise, or who have taken cold ; when a healthy tooth is painful and feels loose, or the teeth seem too long, with jerking, shooting pains in the lower jaw; a draw- ing pain extending to the temple, or a pain from a hollow tooth, affecting the whole face and even the bones, or extending over the whole side; or for drawing and burning pains in the nerves of a tooth, as if it were wrenched out, accompanied by violent stitches, which affect the whole body, particularly on inspiration ; when a dull pain in the bones changes to a tearing pain, which passes through the teeth and jaws, or there is a boring, gnawing, tearing pain on one side; sometimes for jerk- ing or rheumatic pains, attended with a pricking sensation ; when they chiefly commence in bed or in the evening, prevent chew- ing, grow worse or return as soon as the mouth is opened in the cold air; or when reading or. thinking; or when the tearing pains become worse by the contact of cold liquids, but better when kept warm ; in general the pains are worse after eating and exercise ; also, when along with the tearing pains the glands beneath the lower jaw are painful, and particularly when a swel- ling ajipears on the gum, which seems about to burst. 8, Pulsatilla is most suitable for persons of a mild, quiet, timid disposition, or for women and children of a fretful tem- per; when the pain is only on one side; for toothache which is prevalent in the spring, accompanied by ear-ache and headache, confined chiefly to one side; when there is a stinging pain in the decayed tooth, accompanied by great sensitiveness of the left side of the face, extending to the ear, with heat in the head and chills over the whole body ; but particularly when there is a gnawing pain in the gums, and pricking as of pins, with tearing and jerking in the tooth itself, as if tho nerve were stretched CHAP. VII. AFFECTIONS OF THE TEETH. 197 and then suddenly relaxed ; or for jerking or tearing in the tooth as if it would start from the jaw, and aggravated by cold water, the heat of the bed, a warm room, or by taking anything warm into the mouth ; cold air relieves it — the toothache always ceases entirely in the open air, hut returns in the warm room and gets worse; worse when sitting, better when walking about — worse from picking the teeth, better from pressure — chewing does not make it worse ; it comes on mostly toward evening, rarely before, and is accompanied by chilliness and pale face, or with congestion of blood to the head ; or with heat without thirst ; especially for toothache caused by drinking chamomile tea. 9. Ignatia will be serviceable in cases where the foregoing remedies appear to be indicated, but are insufficient, and the patient is of a more tender and sensitive disposition, sometimes cheerful, at other times inclined to tears ; particularly for per- sons who grieve much ; when the jaw-teeth feel as if crushed ; when there is a boring pain in the front teeth, and a soreness in all the teeth ; worse after drinking coffee, after smoking, after dinner, in the evening, after lying down, and in the morning on awaking. 10. Hyoscyamus in vqtj sensitive, nervous, excitable persons; the pain almost drives the patient mad — it is a tearing or throb- bing, extending to the cheeks and along the lower jaw ; or there is a tearing, raging pain in the gums, with a buzzing sensation in the tooth, which is loose, and feels, when chewing, as if it were coming out ; or jerking, throbbing, drawing, tearing, which extends to the forehead ; violent tearing pains in different teeth, as if the blood was pressed into them, occasionally accompanied by flushes of heat, with determination of blood to the head ; it is aggravated by cold air ; generally comes on in the morning, and is sometimes accompanied by jerking in the fingers and arms, especially in persons who are subject to convulsions. 11. Belladonna is frequently best adapted to females or chil- dren, particularly when the pain and anguish cause great rest- lessness, running about, or where there is depression, and a disposition to cry ; when the teeth and gums are painfully sen- 18* 198 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. silive; when biting produces a feeling as if there were ulcers at the roots, with stinging, cutting, jerking, tearing pain; and more especially for a drawing pain, which is worse after going to bed, and during the night; or for pricking pains in a hollow tooth, day and night; or a pain in a hollow jaw-tooth, as if too much blood were forced into it, with heat in the gums and throbbing in the cheeks — nothing mitigates the pain but pick- ing the gum until it bleeds ; or the gums are swelled, with burn- ing and stinging pains, discharge of much saliva, the cheek swelled, sometimes the eyes hot and the throat dry, with great thirst — frequently the pain returns in the morning on awaking, or recommences some time after dinner ; the teeih ache when exposed to the open air, when touched, from biting, when food or hot liquids come in contact with them — pressing hard upon the cheeks sometimes gives relief. 12. China is particularly suited for toothache in mothers who are nursing — for persons who, otherwise cheerful, become cross and irritable ; if a black covering appears on the teeth ; the pain comes on periodically, and is throbbing, tearing, jerking or drawing, with great pressure, as if the blood was forced into the teeth, or boring and numbness about the teeth — worse when in motion, when touched, and returns on exposure to a draught — the gums swell, the mouth is dry, there is thirst, the blood rises to the head, veins of the forehead and hands swell, and the sleep during the night is uneasy, although the pain is not so great. 13. Mercurius is frequently suitable for children ; in general when there are tearing pains in several teeth at once, in hollow ones and those adjoining them — the pain affects the whole side of the face, or drawing and stinging pains extend to the ear ; it is particularly troublesome during the night; or for excruciating jumping pains in the teeth, especially at night, with stitches ex- tending to the ear and the head, and drive the patient out of bed ; also for a stinging pain in a decayed tooth, which is worse after eating or drinking any thing cold or warm ; the pain is generally increased by cold, and particularly by damp air, is less severe when in a warm place, or when the cheek is rubbed — the air is CHAP. VII. AFFECTIONS OF THE TEETH. 199 sometimes painful to the front teeth ; or the toothache is only felt during the day and ceases during the night, and is followed by perspiration, and in the morning the same pains return again, in paroxysms, with longer or shorter intervals, alternat- ing with giddiness, or tearing in the limbs ; the teeth are almost always loosened, the gums swell or become white and ulcerated, are detached from the teeth, burn and ache when touched ; or they begin to itch, to bleed and to suppurate, with tearing through the roots of the teeth, or with painful swelling of the cheeks. 14. Hepar will be beneficial after Mercurius or Belladonna^ when the painful swelling of the gums continues, or for a throb- bing pain as if blood were entering the tooth, or a drawing pain; the pains worse after eating, and in a warm room, or at night. 15. Garho vegetabilis is sometimes useful when Mercurius or Arsenicum gives some relief, without effecting a perfect cure; also in persons who have taken much calomel, particularly when the gums bleed, and are detached from the teeth ; the teeth are loosened, become ulcerated, and ache when touched by the tongue; are worse after eating, with drawing and tearing paina in the incisors. 16. Sulphur is most suitable for jumping pain in hollow teeth — extending to the upper and lower jaw, or to the ear; for swelling of the gums, attended with thrhisar/ria and R^UailoiDia will be most efficient. When caused by smoking, Sfnplisaf^ria ; when it occurs chiefly after meals, China; if attended by much thirst, Belladonna. For the particular indica- tions, however, see '-Dyspepsia," " t^pasms of the Stomach," and " Flatu- lency." When these remedies are ineffectual in pregnant females, a slice of lemon sugared and kept in the mouth is salutary. Sometimes drinking sugar-water every morning, and freely of cold water will remove it, although it may make it worse in the beginning. Water crackers also give relief. Care should be taken not to use any soda or potash, as those often produce dangerous mala- dies ; also avoid chalk, magnesia, prepared oyster shells, &c. "which often remain in hard lumps in the stomach, particularly when aperient medicines are taken afterwards. CHAP. IX. AFFECTIONS OF THE STOMACH. 215 Nausea and Vomiting. In this complaint the possible cause ought to be taken into consideratiou, and the remedies be selected accordingly. Very frequently these syTuptoms disappear of themselves after vomiting, therefore it may be promoted by giving tepid water, tickling the throat with a feather, or by giving coffee without milk. No emetics should be taken ; they always weaken the stomach. Give, when the tongue is much coated white or 3'ello\v, Anti- monium crudum, or, when the tongue is clean. Ipecacuanha. Sometimes nausea and vomiting are caused by fright, grief, vexation, by taking cold, overheating, sitting up at night, over- loading the stomach, drinking intoxicating liquors or chamo- mile tea, smoking, or by using rhubarb and other medicines. Having ascertained the causes look under their respective heads. When nausea and vomiting are caused by a fall which injures the head, A^-nica will remove it; when by some foreign body in the throat, see under that head. When connected with giddiness or headache, see Chap. I., Part II. ("Headache"); when the medicines recommended in such cases do not give relief, give Lachesis once or twice, and afterwards Belladonna. For vomiting, with cough, Ipecacuanha^ 3Iercitriiis, Capsicum, Pulsatilla, Bryonia, China, Drosera, Phos- phoric acid, Sulphur, Calcarea, or Lachesis. The particular symptoms for the choice of each will be found under " Cough" or " Hooping Cough." When caused by riding, give Cocculus. Vomiting from weakness of the stomach, occurring after every meal, is often cured by Pulsatilla or Nux vomica, given alter- nately with Bryonia. Pulsatilla will be beneficial when the stomach is so weak that only very little food can be taken at a time, and the least surfeit causes vomiting with spasms and cutting pain in the bowels, or giddiness and vomiting of white, tough mucus, diarrhoea, weakness of the limbs, sometimes to fainting. Cocculus, for the same symptoms as the above, when that is insufiicient, followed, if neccessary, by Nux vomica and Bryonia. 216 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. China and Ferrum, taken alternately, may be in some cases necessary to complete the cure. Sulphur, followed by Arsenicum or Hyoscyamus, may be re- quired in some violent cases which the foregoing remedies have failed to relieve. Calcarea will be serviceable in protracted, tedious cases, cspeci ally aft.^^r Sulphur. Vomiting in children, caused by worms, will most generally be relieved by Cina, Mercurius, Ferrum and Sulphur ; see also " Complaints caused by Worms." If one vomits after ever}' meal all he has eaten, and if this continues until he lias becoine quite thin, he ought to eat of light and nourishing food, very little at a time, but often. If he has much pain before throwing up, he ought to eat not more than one spoonful every hour. At first, rich milk, cream, gruel, arrow-root or starch, better with sugar than with salt; afterwards, now and then, good broth. This will be nourishment enough while the medicines have time to act. Hi/o>!c;/(imu.t, for beating in the pit of the stomach ; Arsenicum for burning; Frrrum for pressing ; Carbo vegetahilis for pressing outwards ; Calcarea for stinging It is still better to consult a physician. Sea-Sickness. Opium has given the quickest relief, and may be repeated whenever the symptoms increase. In some cases Cocculus is better. Nux vomica will often be of service, especially if the stomach was disordered before going on board, or is so by the manner of living on board-ship. Owing to the differences in the constitutions of persons they are differently affected by the motion of the ship, some becoming easily accustomed to it, others with greater difficulty, and others again, not at all. Hence the reme- dies must be adapted to the constitutional peculiarities from which the sickness arises. Some persons are benefitted by drinking brandy and water, and others by eating raw ham highly peppered. In most cases benefit will be derived by taking as much exercise as possible, fjrcing ones-self to eat, and placing blotting paper soaked in rum, brandy, or whisky, on the pit of the .stomach. In constipation, attemled with a putrid taste and bloody gums, take Staphisayria CHAP. IX. AFFECTIONS OF THE STC^ACH. 217 Bryonia is serviceable for that giddy, unsteady feeling often experienced on shore by those who have recently come ofi" a voyage. Pains, Cramps or Spasms in the Stomach. It Ie well known that in this complaint the old system of medicine is entirely at fault; homoeopathy, on the contrary, can do much. When of long stand- ing and of the worst kind, it is frequently cured in a short time, even in old people ; but at all events, by a regular and continued course of treatment. Among the domestic remedies, many are very injurious ; opium and morphine pills are in few diseases more dangerous and injurious than in this. The following remedies may be tried, and will sometimes alleviate the com- plaint. From time to time a tablespoonful of milk may be swallowed ; and the region of the stomach rubbed with olive or linseed oil. Some persons find relief after taking thin chicken soup, some from the application to the region of the stomach of a sheet of blotting paper steeped in rum. The same persons, however, will find great relief from taking Nvx voniici, if they will only refrain from the use of ardent spirits and coffee, and even avoid smelling them. A few handfuls of common, roasted oatmeal may be placed warm upon the stomach in a small bag — the meal must not be quite as brown as coffee. This is very useful when the patient has before taken opium or laudanum, which has, as usual, aggravated the complaint. Nux vomica is particularly adapted to spasms occurring in coffee or brandy drinkers, when the pain in the stomach is contracting, or pressing, the clothes seem too tight, or. there seems to be a collection of wind on the left side under the ribs, worse after eating, after rising early, sometimes disturbing the patient in his sleep. These pains are sometimes accompanied by oppression of the chest, as if a band were drawn around it; sometimes it extends between the shoulders and to the small of the back. The pains are frequently attended by nausea or accu- mulation of water in the mouth ; or sour, bitter, burning water rises in the throat ; vomiting of food ; sour, putrid taste in the mouth; flatulency; distension of the abdomen, and constipation. Sometimes it is accompanied by one-sided headache, pressing pain in the forehead, or palpitation of the heart and nervousness. In severe cases a dose may be taken every three or four hours until relief is obtained, or if after taking three or four doses the patient is not better, another remedy must be selected. Generally Chamoviilla or Cocculus will be most appropriate When the disease Is less severe, and partakes more of a chronio 20 218 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. character, a close of Nux vomica in the evening, followed by another next morning, will frequently be sufficient to eft'ect a cure; if, however, there should be but temporary improvement, and the complaint returns again in a few days, a dose o^ Pulsa- tilla, Ghamomilla, or Ignatia — whichever seems best adapted to the symptoms — must be given. After this the Nux vomica may be repeated again, and if the disease returns notwithstanding, Carho vegetahilis may be given. If drinking coffee aggravates the complaint, Nux vomica will be the proper remedy; if the pain is relieved by it, Chamomilla. Ghamomilla will also be indicated when there is a pressure on the stomach as from a stone; when the pit of the stomach and the parts immediately under the ribs on the left side seem swelled, as if they would burst, accompanied by shortness of breath. The symptoms are worse during the night ; the patient is exceedingly uneasy, tosses about in the bed, and perspires profusely; sometimes he is troubled with a throbbing pain on top of the head which "drives him out of bed. The pain in the stomach is somewhat alleviated when he draws himself up, and lies perfectly quiet. When the pains are very violent, give first, Coffea, and afterwards, if necessary, Chamomilla. If Chamom,illa is of but little use, give Belladonna. Spasms in the stomach during menstruation can generally be cured by Nux vomica or by Chamomilla ; but if the discharge is very scanty, Pulsatilla or Cocculus. Cocculus is indicated when Nux vomica gives some relief, but the pain returns very soon, and is accompanied by hard evacu- ations, or entire costiveness; when the pain in the stomach is accompanied by a pressing, contracting pain extending over the abdomen, alleviated by the discharge of wind ; when there is some sickness of the stomach, and collection of water in the mouth without heartburn ; when the patient is not irritable, angry, nor violent, but rather sullen and taciturn. Belladonna, when Chamomilla proves ineffectual, or gives only partial relief, especially in females who are delicate and sensitive; when there is a gnawing pressure or a spasmodic CHAP. IX, AFFECTIONS OF THE STOMACH. 219 tightness of the stomach which obliges the patient to lean hack or to keep his breath and which mitigates the pain ; also, when the pain always returns after dinner ; when it is so violent as to deprive the patient of consciousness, or make him faint. It is mostly accompanied by thirst, and drinking increases the pain ; evacuations tardy and trifling; the patient cannot sleep at night. Bryonia for the same kind of pressure as Chamomilla, particu- larly when it commences during meals, or immediately after- wards, and the pit and region of the stomach seem to be swollen; sometimes the pressure changes to a contracting, pinching or cutting pain, which is relieved by pressing upon the stomach, or by eructations of wind; the pains are aggravated by motion, (the opposite in China). These symptoms are attended with constipation, and a pressure in the temples, the forehead or back part of the head, as if the bones of the head were being forced asunder, which is better when pressed hard or tied tight with a handkerchief. Pulsatilla, when the pains are of a piercing character; are worse when walking, particularly on making a false step, and always accompanied by nausea or vomiting ; the evacuations loose; no thirst except during the most violent pains; also when there is great tightness of the stomach, with pinching pain, or violent throbbing, with anxiety ; griping pain, diminished by eating. The symptoms are usually made worse by eating, especially of rich or fatty substances. This remedy is most suitable for persons of a mild, quiet disposition. Nux moschata. Pressure, fulness and swelling of the stomach; after eating, uncomfortable, short of breath, headache ; after eating and drinking, cramp and pain in the bowels ; offensive breath, white-coated tongue ; the patient likes to sit in the house and feels drowsy from it, Ignatia will be serviceable in cases of two or three days standing, in which several remedies have been given; the pains resemble those under Nux vomica or Pulsatilla; pressure after every meal in the upper part of the stomach or lower part of the throat; loose evacuations of the bowels, and nausea or 220 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. vomiting. It is suitable in cases brought on by insufficient food or starvation. It is particularly indicated when the stomach feels as if it was hanging on a thread. China, for spasms of the stomach in debilitated persons, brought on by using emetics or cathartics, being bled or cupped frequently, or by profuse loss of blood in any way, or by sali* vation or loss of fluids by other means. It is of the first impor- tance in spasms occurring in females who are nursing, or who are debilitated by nursing their children too long; or from excessive secretion and involuntary emission of milk. Bella- donna will follow it in these cases advantageously. It must, therefore, be given first, when females have spasms in the sto- mach from nursing, particularly when much milk runs away (here Belladonna is to be given afterwards), or when they con- tinue nursing too long, that is, more than nine months ; in the latter case the child ought to be weaned. Generally, when the digestion is not good, with too great a secretion of mucus, acidity and acrid bile in the stomach; when the stomach feels sore ; when meat and drink cause pressure and inflation of the Btomach, and if the pains are worse when the patient is at rest, and better when in motion, China will be the best remedy. Carbo vegetabilis, particularly when N^ux vomica has proved useful, but only for a short time ; when there is a burning pain, or a constant, painful, agitating pressure, worse when touched • or with a contracting, spasmodic sensation, forcing the patient to bend, taking away his breath, and aggravated by lying down. Frequently accompanied by heart-burn and nausea ; loathing at the very thought of food ; constipation. Calcaiea, in chronic cases, or when Belladonna has been of temporary benefit ; for oppressive, cutting, spasmodic, pinching, choking pains, with a feeling of anxiety; frequently attended by vomiting of food ; worse after eating and at night ; with pain from external pressure ; it is particularly suitable for women whose monthly illnesses are, or have been, very copious ; or for those .t^ho bleed much from the nose. CHAP. X. AFFECTIONS OF THE ABDOMElSr. 221 Phosphorus. Violent pressure in the stomach, sometimes worse when empty, and sometimes worse after eating. Staphisarjria is useful in some cases;, when there is acute pres- sure, tension, and squeezing about the pit of the stomach, which sometimes obstructs the breathing, but which is relieved by bending the body forward ; or after indignation. Platina^ for spasms of the stomach in females, at the monthly period, and especially when the menstruation is generally very copious and of too long duration ; or after much grief. Vomiting of Blood. This affection may be preceded by weight, pressure, fulness or tensive pain or spasms in the region of the stomach ; griping or colic ; burning heat below the ribs ; anxiety, especially after eating, or drinking, or on pressure on the stomach; impaired appetite; saltish taste in the mouth; giddiness; cold perspiration ; fainting. The following medicines may be found useful, Aconitum, China, Pulsatilla, Niix vomica. Ipecacuanha, Arsenicum, Sulphur and Arnica. The disease, however, is so serious in its character that it ought to be treated by a phy- sician. Benefit may be derived from the application of dry cups to the abdomen and under the ribs, as recommended in " Hemorrhage of the Lungs." CHAPTER X. AFFECTIONS OF THE ABDOMEN. Colic. It may be excited by acid fruits and indigestible food ; by catching cold from changes of weather, wet feet, exposure, &c. ; also by drinking cold water or other cold beverages when heated ; by worms ; by the action of lead on the body, as met with frequently in painters, plumbers, and other workmen who come in contact with lead; also in persons who have drunk wine adulterated with metallic poisons, or who are in the habit of using water highly impregnated with carbonic acid, which flows through leaden pipes. See Part I.," Chapters VI. and VII, on the treatment of those injured by lead or paints, &c. It may be necessary to consult " Colic" in Part First, and also " Spasms of the Stomach," in the preceding chapter. Chamomilla is suitable for children, also for grown persons 20* 222 - TREATMENT OF DISEASES. when, besides the symptoms given under the head of "Pain in the Bowels," in Part First, blue circles appear under the eyes, when there is much saliva in the mouth, tearing pain around the navel, and a feeling in the small of the back as if it were broken ; if ChamomiUa does not answer, give Pulsatilla. Chamomilla is also suitable for wind pent up in different parts of the abdomen, with a sensation as if it were going to escape there ; stitches in the breast; swelling under the ribs and in the pit of the sto- mach; great agitatioii, uneasiness, and clammy perspiration; rattling and rumbling in the abdomen ; frequent inclination to sTool, with small, slimy, watery evacuations; after violent indig- nation ; if it is not sufficient, give Cocculns. Nux vomica, when there is constipation or difficult evacua- tions, a sensation as of a weight in the abdomen, with rolling and grumbling, and great heat; the ])ains are pinching, drawing, compressing, as if the intestines were pressed by a stone in dif- ferent parts; oppression in the pit of the stomach; the abdo- men is painful when touched and tense; the breath short and dif&cult — a general feeling of distension, the parts under the nbs feel as if stuffed ; during the most violent paroxysms of pain, the hands and feet are cold ; sometimes the patient is de- prived of consciousness; pain and flatulency deeply seated in the abdomen ; a strong pressure on the bladder and rectum as from a blunt knife; the pain makes the patient double himself up, and is worse at every step. Better when at rest, when sit- ting and lying. Generally attended by violent headache and pain in the small of the back. A number of these symptoms are attributed by ignorant persons to some obstruction, which they think must be removed by aperient medicines. Eefer also t'> " Constipation." i\fercnrivs, for violent, twisting colic; the region around the navel is hard; jerking pain externally of the abdomen, which is inflated and hard ; crawling in the throat, hiccoughing, vora- city, aversion to sweets ; nausea, with water rising in the throat, straining evacuations, secretion of slime, great debility ; worse attacks of colic about midnight — if Mercurius does not quickly CHAP. X. AFFECTIONS OF THE ABDOMEN". 223 relieve the patient, and the above symptoms are attended with itching of the nose, give Oina ; if this does not effect a complete cure, Sulphur. Mercurius is generally necessary in cases of painter's or lead colic. Pulsatilla, when there is stinging pain in the bowels, with throbbing in the pit of the stomach, a disagreeable tightness in the abdomen, as if it were too fall ; growling and rumbling ; the wind cannot be got rid of; irritation and heat in the abdomen, which is inflated ; general heat, the veins on the hands and fore- head are swelled, the patient is forced to take off his clothes on account of the heat and tightness, the abdomen is painful when touched, as if bruised; all the symptoms are worse when lying down, somewhat better when walking about; when rising, the small of the back aches as if bruised ; also, with the pinching, cutting pains, there is tearing and shooting above the navel ; uneasiness, heaviness in the belly, with painful tension, when touched it aches ; weakness of the stomach, white, froth}'' saliva in the mouth ; diarrhoea; yellow, gray evacuations, with violent pains in the stomach ; pale face, blue circles around the eyes; contractions of the whole body; pressing, tensive headache. When caused by an overloaded stom.ich, first give coffee without milk, and afterwards, if necessary, Pulsatilla ; if that does not cure the complaint, give Belladonna. Aconitum, in cases like the last mentioned, when in addition the bladder is affected, the patient has violent pains in the region of the bladder, with a constant inclination to make water — the urine, however, does not pass; these symptoms are accompanied by nervousness and uneasiness, and the abdomen is excessively sensitive. It should be given two or three times, and afterwards, if necessary, JShix vomica or Cepa. Colocyntlds is the principal remedy for colic, when the pains are very violent, constant, or only cease for a short time, and then recommence with greater violence ; when the most violent pain is confined to a small spot about the navel, and returns periodically every five or ten minutes; or when it commences with a slight drawing pain, tending towards the centre, which 224: TREATMENT OF DISEASES. increases gradually, and at last changes to a jamming, pressing, or boring and tearing pain, so violent, that the patient cries and shrieks aloud, twists about like a worm, is covered with perspi- ration, presses the abdomen with his hands, pushes furiously against the bedposts or corners of the tables, &c., lies on his face and places pillows under himself, and tries every way to get some ease. Persons who have previously suflfered from these attacks for several days, or periodically, and have taken laudanum, which will cause the attacks to return the sooner, may, when they feel the least symptoms of an attack, take Colocynthis ; it is also most suitable when former attacks have weakened the intestines, which feel as if every part were bruised, and hanging on threads, which miuht break at every step. If the first dose does not give immediate relief, and if the complaint gets worse, give coffee without milk, a teaspoonful at a time, which may be repeated as long as it alleviates the pain; if it grows worse again, give another dose of Colocynthis^ alternating it with the coffee, until the pain ceases. If, after taking one dose of Colocynthis^ the pain increases no longer, but there is a slow improvement, dis- }>ense entirely with the coffee, and let the medicine act as long as there is any improvement, or until the disease is cured. The second dose is generally sufficient, almost always the third ; in the worst cases, I never found it necessary to give more. For any remaining symptoms, give Causticum, once in the morning and once in the evening. When the patient has taken laudanum, a drug most injurious in this complaint, although very commonly taken, give coffee first and then Colocynthis. If that does not answer, try Chamo- milla, and then again Colocynthis. There are, however, some cases of violent colic which Cplocynthis will not cure, and m which one of the following remedies must be given. Belladbnna, when, during the pain, a thick, sausage-like swelling protrudes across the abdomen, and when bending over, or pressing upon it gives some relief; when the pain is griping and bearing down, as if the intestines were about falling out, CHAP. X. AFFECTIONS OF THE ABDOMEN. 225 the symptoms getting worse when the patient is up and walkmo- about ; particularly when the stools are thin and watery, fn tlie latter case, Ifercurius frequently removes the reraaini/ig symptoms. Belladonna suits, generally, when the face becomes very red, the blood rises into the head, the veins are swelled, and the pains so violent that the patient is almost distracted. Also, for pains under the navel, when there is griping, as if produced by taking hold of the parts with the finger nails, and when accompanied by pains in the small of the back. Cocculus, for pains, similar to those described under Nux vomica, particularly when there is a contraction in the abdomen with a downward and outward pressure, attended with some nausea; or when there is a large accumulation of flatus in the stomach and intestines, causing great distension of the upper part of the abdomen, and pain with rattling in the stomach, and pressure under the ribs, all of which symptoms disappear as soon fis the wind passes upwards. Cepa for the most violent colic either afr,er catching cold, par- ticularly from wet feet, or from sour food, &c., commencing in the right side extending through the whole abdomen, most pain- ful in the left side, or about the navel ; getting worse when sitting ; better when walking about, particularly if this causes the passing of foetid flatus; worse after eating and drinking, particularly after coffee ; with much rumbling; pressure on the bladder, with urging to pass water and to stool. Ckma is suitable for flatulent colic, resembling that described under Chamomilla and Cocculus; but when the intestines are first contracted in the lower part of the abdomen, and press out- ward with oppressive and tensive pain, with tension under the short ribs, and agitation ; particularly when the colic begins in the night; in debilitated persons, or after profuse sweats, or in females who are nursing. Ignatia frequently relieves colic which awakens the patient out of sleep ; when there are shooting pains, which extend into the chest and sides, when the wind is discharged with much difficulty, after which the pains moderate; it is suitable for sen- 226 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. sitive females. When the colic commences in the evening, and the flatulency causes nausea and vomiting, Pulsatilla is better. Colic, preceded by a bitter taste, a yellowish, coated tongue, much thirst, which, as the saying is, is caused by bile, attended sometimes by vomiting, or bilious evacuations, may generally be cured by one or two doses of Ghamomilla ; or in bad cases by Colocynthis, and when these remedies do not suffice, by Sulphur. Flatulency. Flatulency, or a collection of wind in the intestines, often causes colic, the remedies for which have already been men- tioned. If the wind does not pass at all, and the abdomen be- comes swollen as if it would burst, give Carbo vegetahilis. When it does not cause violent pain, but heat, uneasiness, and inflation of the abdomen, which interferes with the breathing, which ia frequently the case after taking flatulent food, beer, &c., or from drinking water after eating fat meat, give China, and after- Avards, if required, to choleric persons, Nux vomica; to quiet, mild-tempered persons, Pulsatilla, if China does not give relief; if the abdomen is swollen, pains worse on the left side, also in the left groin, as if a rupture was to appear there, give Cepa. If it returns often, give Sulphur, if this also fails, consult a homoeopathic practitioner. Inflammation of the Stomach and Intestines. The treatment of tin's disease by domestic remedies, and that of the common phj'sicians are alike injurious. It is impossible to provide here for all cases, but it will always be better to go by the rules here laid down, than to resort to violent treatment. If a homoeopathic practitioner can be had, it is always better to consult him. An inflammation of this kind may be supposed to exist, when a burning, sometimes a stinginj^ or tearing pain is felt in any part of the abdomen, which is very tender when pressed upon, and aches at every motion or movement, Buch ay coughing, sneezing, laughing, kc The part is sometimes tight and Bwollen. when it is near the chest, it produces difficulty of breathing, particu- larly of inspiration ; it is mostly accompanied by vomiting or by eructation, whii-h (/ires no rtliej- — also by constipation. The latter symptom induces many persons to take aperient medicines, which, in this affection are abso- lute poisons; the former, to take emetics which may cause death. The •bdomen should be left perfectly undisturbed ; the drink should be water, and CHAP. X. AFFECTIONS OF THE ABDOMEN. 227 from time to time some mucilas^inous articles — nothing else whatever ; the constipation will last until the inflammation is removed. When the patientg are recovering,. and begin to eat, the evacuations will recommence of their own accord. I have seen most dangerous cases, where no evacuation of the bowels took place for fifteen days, and the patient recovered notwith- standing, and regained his strength rapidly. Besides the above symptoms, there are in some cases the following ; the face is pale, bluish, sunken; there is violont fever, but a weak pulse, the mind dejected and agitated. When the disease is at its height, the vomiting and the pains are both very violent, the patient is exceedingly weak ; the extremities cold, hiccough sets in, and the abdomen is finally distended, and extremely sensitive. When the disease attacks the stomach, the pain is generally in the pit of the stomach, extending under the ribs and towards the back, or through the abdomen ; eating and drinking are immediately succeeded by vomiting ; with violent thirst, there is sometimes an aversion to water. When the seat of the disease is in the inie-sfines or in any part of the abdomen, the vomiting does not take place for some time after eating or drinking ; the abdomen is swollen and tender, the patient complains of intense burning heat, in the whole or some part of it. There is also usually great thirst, constipation, &c. Aconitum will in most cases be required at the commence- ment. It may be repeated every hour, until there is some im- provement, or until an aggravation of the symptoms render the selection of one of the following remedies necessary : Ipecacuanha., when the pains are worse in the front part of the abdomen, and extend to the left side under the ribs, whence they spread along the ribs towards the back or the abdomen, with swelling in the region of the stomach, great agitation, and vomiting ; if it proves efficacious, it may be repeated two or three times. Antimanium crudum will be preferable to Ipecacuanha if the tongue is covered with a white or yellowish coating. Pulsatilla., or Nux vomica^ if the disease was produced by a disordered stomach. Bryonia, after Aconitum or Ipecacuanha, when the pain and fever are very violent, and the complaint has been caused by taking cold, particularly by drinking cold water when the patient was overheated ; when it ceases to be efficacious, give Nux vomica. When the patient seems stupefied, or speaks unconnectedly, or is not aware how ill he is, give Eyoscyamus, and repeat it several times; if it does not give relief, give Bella- donna. If the extremities become cold, and the patient is evi- 228 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. dently sinking, the face boconiing very pale, or otherwise much altered, give Veratmm ; if this proves unavailing, Arsenicum, which should rarely be given more than twice. After Arseni- cum, Aconitum may in many cases be given and then Arsenicum once more, giving them in this manner alternately. If Arseni- cum makes the complaint worse, give Nux vomica. China immediately after or in alternation with Aconitum, when the pain is worse on the left side, under the ribs, whence it extends downward, when there is generally in the beginning vomiting of blood and violent fever. If improvement follows the first or second dose, wait until the symptoms become worse before giving it again. Arnica may be given for the above symptoms if Aconitum and China are insufficient, and the pains are more of a pressing or shooting character, and render the breathing difficult and painful — also when the pains resemble more those of typhus fever — the patient, quite indifferent, dull and stupid, is insen- sible to his suffering, and insists that there is nothing the matter Avith him. Nux vomica may be given with advantage after the above remedies when the disease has continued for some time, without much improvement, and there is a dull pressure on the stomach with constipation. Bryonia, in cases where there are acute pains in the stomach and abdomen, increased by the least motion and which sometimes extend to the chest; and consti- pation. Arsenicum, when there is diarrhoea, with a discharge of much blood, without alleviating the pains; or when they are violent and burning, and the patient is very weak; also when the dis- ease assumes a periodic character, is worse every other day, this remedy, or China, will be most appropriate. When the pain is more under the ribs, on the right side, to- ward the front, extending up or down, give one of the following remedies : Chamomilla, if the pains are dull, and not increased by exter- nal pressure, nor by motion or inspiration, and when there is pressure on the stomach, tension under the ribs, difficulty of CHAP. X. AFFECTIONS OF THE ABDOMEN. 229 breathing, a yellow tongue, bitter taste, yellowisb skin and paroxysms of oppression and inquietude; when these paroxysms become more frequent, principally during the night, and are attended with green, slimy diarrhoea and sickness of the stomach, give Pulsatilla ; if, on the contrary, the bowels are constipated, the skin less yellow, but the chest more affected, give Bryonia. Mercurius, for pressing pain, which does not allow the patient to lie on the right side, with bitter taste in the mouth, more thirst than hunger, constant chilliness, very yellow skin and eyes; sometimes it may be alternated with Belladonna, or, in critical cases, with Lachcsis, Belladonna, for pressing pains which extend to the chest and shoulders; when the pit of the stomach is swollen, with tension above the navel and across the abdomen ; difficulty of breathing and nervousness, attended by determination of blood to the head, with dimness before the eyes, and giddiness almost to fainting, frequently accompanied by violent thirst, uneasy tossing about, and sleeplessness. If no improvement follow its use during twenty-four hours, give Lachesis, and repeat it as often as the complaint gets worse ; when Lachesis ceases to act favor- ably, give Belladonna again, or select another remedy. Nux vomica, for acute pain, sometimes attended with throb- bing and stitches, the part affected being very sensitive to the touch; sour or bitter taste ; nausea or vomiting; oppression and shortness of breath, as if the clothes were too tight, while the removal of them rather aggravates the sensation than otherwise; thirst, red urine, oppressive headache. Sulphur may be given after Nux vomica, if there should be but little or no improvement from the latter — and the stinging pains continue. And also after the other remedies recommended when they afford no immediate, or only partial relief. If the disease is worse every other day, give China, as prescribed for pains in the left side. When the pain is more in. the abdomen, in the middle or lower ])art; and is aggravated by motion or pressure, and the most painful part is swollen, give Aconitura. If this gives no ^ 21 230 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. relief, and the ubdomen continues to be sore when touched, give Lachesis, to be repeated an hour after ; if two doses fail, give Belladonna. In some cases, Hyoscyamus^ Bryonia^ Nux vomica, Arsenicum, and sometimes Mercurius may do good — the latter particularly after Lachesis. Eefer to what has been previously said of these medicines in this chapter. All aperients ought to be carefully avoided in this complaint, though it is mostly attended by obstinate constipation — the less this is interfered with the sooner will the patient be restored to perfect health ; if he takes cathartics or emetics, he may die in consequence, or they maj^ produce a tedious malady which is difficult to cure. In this complaint it is, therefore, a good sign when the bowels are constipated, and a very bad sign when the evacuations become thin, and still worse when they pass invol- untarily. Even in this dangerous stage of the disease, Hyoscya- mus may sometimes save the patient. After two or three doses, if he does not grow decidedly worse, give no more, and await the result. Children are frequently subject to attacks of this kind ; when the pit of the stomach and the parts under the ribs become dis- tended by pain in the abdomen, give Mercurius or Chamomilla. See also " Diseases of Children." Determination of Blood to the Abdomen. This affection consists of a troublesome sensation of heat and burning in the stomach, attended with hardness, tension, dull pain, and symptoms as if arising from a surfeit, without any ex- cess having been committed. Hypochondriacs, persons who are of sedentary habits, or those who have the piles, are most liable to it. The principal remedy is Sulphur. If, however, it is accompanied by pains in the small of the back, with a feeling of great weakness in that region, rendering it almost impossible to walk, Nux vomica will be preferable. If accompanied by diarrhoea with small, soft, slimy or watery evacuations. Capsi- cum should be given : or if attended with diarrhoea and great prostration of strength, Arsenicum. In addition to the above, CHAP. X. AFFECTIONS OF THE ABDOMEN. 231 the following remedies may be serviceable : — Belladonna, Vera- trum, Pulsatilla^ Bryonia^ Chamomilla, Bhus. See also " Piles." Worms. Many complaints are ascribed to worms which arise from very different causes. When children have been fed upon pap, cakes, and similar articles of a hurtful nature, or when the mother, whilst nursing, overloads her stomach with meat, fish, salted and fat things, particularly with pies the children must necessarily become sick in consequence, or a predisposition to sickness be inducted. When, besides this, the children are dosed with vermifuges, injec- tions, purgatives, ^ '' Itching of the Anus." CHAP. X. A.FFECTIONS OF THE ABDOMEN. 233 Itching of the Anus. This troublesome affection may generally be cured by one or more of the following remedies : Nux vomica will be applicable when the itching is seated either internally or externally, is worse when sitting or moving, and also after taking stimulating food and drinks, and is accompanied with pains, or dry piles, or moist and bleeding piles, or costive- ness ; also when caused by strong liquors, beer or coffee ; or in people who lead a sedentary life ; in pregnant females ; when caused by little worms, wuich may be discovered moving about in the spiiincter ani, upon drawing it apart, Aconilum, if the itching arises fiom small worms, and Nux vomica is iuefiicient, and children are very uneasy during the night, and have fever. It should be given in the evening, or during the night, and if ineffectual, followed by Ignatia in the morning. If ihe children are again troubled in this way, par- ticularly after every full and new moon, give, when the moon is full, Suljjhur^ -dnd. Silicea when it is new. A dose may be given every morning for a week. If the complaint should return at the next full moon, give Galcarea in the same manner as Sulphur is directed to be given. Let the children eat no pork, very little salt, and as little pastry and cakes as possible. If there should be no relief, notwithstanding the use of the above medicines, give Ferruvi every other morning ; if tliarrhoea makes its appear- ance, dispense with the medicine, and if the diarrhoea still con- tinues, give China. While children are taking the above remedies {Sulphur, Cal- carta, Silicea and Ferrum), nothing else is to be given, unless it be a dose or two of Aconitum, to remove any febrile symptoms that may arise. Cina is useful when there is feverishness at night, with moan- ing and grinding of the teeth when asleep, boring with the fin- gers in the nose, or picking the lips, much itching at the funda- ment and great desire for salt ; particularly when the cliild is fretful and irritable, with uncertain appetite and white tongue. 21* 234 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. The itching may be allayed by rubbing the parts with sweet oil, or liy introducing a piece of bacon^ about the size of a finger, attached to a string, into the anus ; allowing it to remain there for ten or fifteen minutes, and then removing it. Injections of cold water every evening are also serviceable in many cases. Applications of this kind do not disturb the operation of the remedies. When, however, all these means prove abortive, which may be the case with some children.' in whom it is hereditary, try small injections of salt water, and if these fail, or cause diarrhoia, weak injections of water and vinegar. Lemon juice has often proved efficacious in allaying the itching, by applying it once or twice a dav. Eating asparagus, when this plant is in season, which is the time that the worms are usually most troublesome, has also been found advantageous. When the itching is caused by piles, swollen, red or bluish tumors in the anus, give the following remedies : Mux vomica if, besides the itching, there is a burning and pricking sensation, the anus so contracted that the natural dis- charges are effected with much difficulty, accompanied by dull shooting pains and jerking in the small of the back and around the anus at every evacuation; or pain in the small of the back as from a bruise, which makes the patient cry out, and bend forward when walking or sitting. Sometimes Ignatia will be better, according to the temperament of the patient. (Compare Headache, (fcc.) Sulphur when, in addition to the itching, there is burning, paiu and soreness in and around the anus, with stitches ; the tumors are moist; with a sensation of fulness and heaviness, and sometimes protrusion (prolapsus) of the anus ; constant straining to evacuate, or thin diarrhoea mixed with blood, with violent stinging pains in the small of the back ; stiffness in the small of the buclc, or feeling of contraction, If this does not effect a cure, give Aconitum, and should that also fail, let the patient smell camphor. Apium vims for the worst kind of itching of the piles, foi piercing, burning and soreness. Prolapsus Ani. Prolapsus of the Rectum. This is a protruding or turning inside out of the large intestine; it occurs either every time the bowels are moved, or only when that is preceded or accompanied by much straining, or it takes place in sitting or walking. The iutestiue returns to its natural place when quietly lying down or it can be re* CHAP. X. AFFECTIONS OF THE ABDOMEN. 235 turned by the hand. To return the prolapsus, place the patient on his knees, draw the parts apart and put wet rags on the protruding intestine. If cold water pains, use warm water. If it does not now return by itself, take a very soft sponge, wrap it in a soft cloth, wet it, and press it on the protruding part slowly and steadily. Be not in a hurry and be sure to make the pressure ia the right direction. A very slow movement takes place in the intestine, alternately from upwards down and from downwards up, and only during the latter motion will it return. If it has not returned after about ten minutes and is cool and flabby, try to push it back with your fingers, which must be previously oiled or greased, and have no long or sharp nails. If it becomes red, swollen and inflamed do not tiy to return it, but put upon it rags dipped in cold water and give the following medicines: to children, particularly when cutting teeth, who cry much and strain hard : hpialin or Nux vomira accord- ing to their dispositions. If the intestine is much swollen, or is bluish-red, or bleeds and pains much when at stool, Mercurius, the next day hjnatia; if it remains after dysentery, Ruta ; if it protrudes when walking and looks bluish-red. Arnica ; for whitish-red swelling around the anus with much jerk- ing, Apiuin virus. In chronic cases in children Calcarea is preferable. Hemorrhoids, or Piles. This is a disease which consists principally in the discharge of small quan- tities of blood at the anus every four or six weeks, preceded by more or less indisposition, and followed by a feeling of great relief. Very often other and more dangerous diseases are prevented by this complaint. Frequently the symptoms which precede the discharge, are very trouble- some. Sometimes the discharge ceases in part or entirely, at others again BO much blood is discharged that it becomes alarming; tumors are frequently formed in the anus, which become very painful, particularly when no blood is discharged. Not unfrequently after a sudden suppression of piles a disease of a more dangerous character appears in their stead For all these symptoms, medi- cines should be taken, and the manner of living be such as to prevent the disease from assuming a more malignant character. The patient should not Bit much, particularly not on very soft cushions, except during the time the tumors protrude. He must avoid all ardent spirits, strong beer and coffee ; drink water freely, and take plenty of exercise. The doctors of the old school, not knowing how to cure piles, have thought it best to cut them off. This is not a very difBcult operation, and any one can perform it who has the proper scissors ; nor is the pain very acute — but it is very unwise, and frequently attended by dangerous consequences. Some- times the bleeding consequent upon it can only be stopped by cauterizing the parts or by using creosote, which latter may cause incurable ulcers. At all events, cutting off the tumors is of no use but to suspend the pain for awhile, as they almost always reappear in a short time higher up in the rectum, where the pain is, of course, more violent, and where it is more difB- cult to' cut them, in attempting which, the rectum is frequently incurably injured ; if the operation is repeated, they grow still higher up, and then these operators are at a loss. , r*. x u- p * The patient is in a worse condition than at first, and is then left to his tate. The homoeopathic practitioners, on the other hand, possess medicines by which they cure these tumors without cutting at all ; but the more frequent the patient has been operated on, the more difficult it is to cure him, as thfl disease has th n-eby become much more obstinate. 236 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. Wasliins? llio parts with cold wixtor, ami injections of half a pint of cold water, once or twice a day, are beneticial when the piles do not- bleed ; when thev bleed, these means should not be resorted to, as they may suppress the discharije. When they bleed too copionsly, the water may, perhaps, be ap|)lied? without, iiowever. ne-jflectinp: to taloint of the syriiifje should be of wood, ivory, bone or vulcan- ized India rubber, not too thin, and widenina: towards the end, which ought to be nearly as thick as the point of the little finger; before introducing it, it should be first covered with fresh sweet oil, or with beef or mutton suet; in- troducc the pipe by slowly and gently turning it, then press the piston with one hand, while, with the other, you hold the syringe near the point, to pre- vent it entering further info the anus. The cut represents the nozzle in natural size. "^ a. The opening ; it must be perfectly smooth, h. Screw to /^ ^^ fit into a flexible tube. (7. Fart around which the anus closes. / i i \ Between the nozzle and the body of the syringe there should be a flexible i)iece. It is much better to use instead of syringes, which have done a great deal of injury, a piece of hose of india- rubber or other water-proof material, wider at the upper end, ' about three feet long; this must have at the upper end a loop, and at the other end fasten to it a piece of wood, bone, &c., with a screw for the nozzle to fit in. To use it, screw in the nozzle, hang the hose to a nail by the loop, close the point of the nozzle with the right hand and fill the hose with the left j! one, fix the loop over one of the fingers of the left hand, lower the ujtper end of the hose without spilling its contents, intro- duce the nozzle carefully, elevate the upper end and the water will flow in by its own gravity. By taking a longer hose and refilling it you can introduce as much water and with as much I .: \ pressure as required. / i ; \ "When the tumors on the anus are too painful to allow of / ; ! \ injections, apply a sponge which has been dipped in cold water. / V ' :. ■-<-' Moistening the tumors with saliva is very useful, but this must f::z:^-t not be done immediately after meals, nor after smoking to- *=•*-•=' bacco ; persons who chew tobacco, or who have ulcers in the u month should not try it. When the tumors do not bleed at all, and are very painful, and when they get worse again in a Bhort time after a]>i»lying cold water, put some boiling water, or water ia which wheat bran is boiled, into a close stool-pan. and sit over the steam. Sometimes mucilaginous substances are useful, particularly an emulsion of quinces, made of quince-seed soaked in water. The following medicines are, however, chiefly to be depended upon. AVhea there is intense itching in the anus, see under "Itching in the Anus." If the piles are accompanied by colicky pains, give the remedies recommended for "Colic," among which the principal are J'ulsafilla, Xiix vmnica and Colori/ii- thi^. PiilsiitiUii mostly for females ; Knx vomica more frequently for persons who drink ardent spirits and are of sedentary habits; Coloci/ut/iis, when the pain is very severe. Refer also to " Determination of Blood to the Abdomen." Aconitum frequently gives relief when blood is discharged, and there tiro shooting pains and pressure on the anus, the ab- CHAP. X. AFFECTIONS OF THE ABDOMEN. 237 dorncn feels too full, with tension, pressure and gripin:^-; the small of the back feels ;is if brok-en or bruis.Hl. Nux vomica when there is a bni-ning, ))ricking pain in the tumors, the symptoms resembling tlioso mentioned under "Iteh- ing of the Anus ;" whei> there is mueh liglit colored blood dis- charged after each evacuation, or when there is a constant disposition to evacuate; also in constipation, and during preo-- nancy. If it does not suffice, give Ignatia, and afterwards, if the complaint returns again, Salj)Jmr. Apium virus for small, very painful, stinging, biting, or itch- ing tumors, or larger ones with burning and soreness; or swell- ing of the whole anus with beating, heat and fulness there; particularly if a dark bloody fluid exudes ; suitable for irritable, restless, dejected persons. Pulsatilla, when blood and mucus nre discharged with tlie faeces, with painful pressure on the tumors; pains in the back, pale countenance, (lis])osition to faint. If it is insuflieient, Mer- curius, and afterwards Sulphur, sometimes answer in these cases. Capsicum answers best when the tumors are much swollen, the blood discharged with burning pains, and mixed with slime; also when there is a drawing pain in tlie back, particu- larly in tlie small of the back, and cutting pains in the bowels. Ignatia, against violent stitches which pass upwards, with itching and crawling in the anus, when much blood is dis- charged, or the rectum protrudes considei'ably at each evacua- tion ; or when after an evacuation there is painful soreness and contraction, particularly when accompanied by ineffectual strain- ing to evacuate, or a discharge of blood and mucus, Ohamomilla is most appropriate when the blood flows freely, with contracting pains in the abdomen, frequent strainiiig to evacuate; occasional diarrhoea, particularly when attended with smarting and burning, with tearing pain in the back, especially at night. Antimonivm crudum is frequently of service when mucus ia discharged from the anus, which stains the linen ; in some casei it may be given alternately with Puhatilla ; when with the 238 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. discharge of mucus there is burning pain, Carlo vegetahilis ia still better, particularly when accompanied by bleeding of the nose, and great determination of blood towards the head. Carlo vegetalilis, for the symptoms mentioned above — dis- charge of mucus with burning pains; bleeding of the nose; congestion of the head, &c., especially in patients who are very weak; if it proves insufficient, it should be followed by Arseni- cum, or these remedies may be given alternately. Sulphur is one of the principal remedies as well for bleeding as for blind piles; it is particularly suitable when there is con- stant ineffectual inclination to stool, or thin evacuations mixed with blood; when there is an acute, sore pain in the anus, inter- nally and externally; when the tumors burn, are moist, pro- trude considerably, and can scarcely be replaced ; with violent shooting pains in the back, and in the small of the back ; stiff"nes3 in the small clies are only for cases of exigency, though sometimes they wUl ladically cure this tedious complaint; if they do not, apply to a homoeopathic practitioner, or send him an exact description of all the symptoms present. Diarrhoea. This complaint frojuently arises from causes pointed out in the first part of this work — for im lance, from sudden frigid, from fear, from vexation, from taking cold, from hnat, from a disordered stonn.c/i, or after burns or .scalds: Most persons are to this day impressed with the erroneous idea that diar- rhcEa is a cleansing necessary for the recovery of the patient. It is true, that some diseasra terminate in a diarrhoea, but it is also true that diarrhoea is the commencement of other diseases, and must always be considered a morbid state of the functions. The deceptive sensation of relief and lightness after purging or artificial diarrhoea, is, by many persons, looked upon as healthy and necessary, merely because they have previously been in a different and opposite state of disease. Thus many consider the excitement consequent upon drinking brandy or strong beer as healthy, because they feel uncomfortable without it, v.'hereas they are, in icality, in a more unhealthy condition, whilst they imagine them- selves better. Persons who thin^ that they cannot remain in good nealth without aperient medicines or artific.al diarrhoea, should, when they feel constipated, try first the medicines point ed out under constipation, and they will find that the latter freo'iently cure wicLiout causing any diarrhoea. Those who have a natural or artificial diarrhoea, however, should not stop it by artificial means, such aa wine, brandy, and the like, but should let it take its course, and use those medicines which will effect a cure in a natural manner. Astringents are not always dangerous, but are very frequently so, particularly to children and aged persons, or to individuals who are suffering from another complaint. When the consequences of suppressed diarrhea make their appearance, they are called Jyspepsia, liver complaint, &c., and the worst uf it is, that they cannot be so oasily removed. To believe, however, that suppressing the diarrhoea is only dangerous because it prevents impurities from escaping, is also a niistak'Sn idea. Suppressing a diarrhoea is dangerous, because it is changing one disease into another — and because we cannot know what that second diseai^r; will be ; generally, it is a worse one. Most of these impurities exist only in the imagination ; as to the artificial production of such impurities, refer to what is said under" Constipation." If, however, there are real impu- rities in the body, they will be discharged much sooner with the natural exer- tions than luring a diarrhoea, which, in fact, always leaves impurities behind, and which the natural exertions afterwards have to carry ofl". When the evacuatxon is hard, nothing can remain in the intestines ; a fact so evident that every one can understand it. 'Jlie intestines are a tube, which is first narrow and widens gradually. It is not like the hose of a fire engine, where it is necessary to apply pressure at one end in order to force out the contents at the other; it is not a dead tube but a living one, which is in constant ac*.ivity ; this activity, when regular, allows nothing to remain in it — only when it is irregular, or when it ceases, can this be the case. In diarrhcea, particularly when produced by aperient medicines, this action is very irregular and hurried, in the attempt to rid the body of the poisonous purgatives— 240 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. which, when accomplished, leaves the intestines, of course, very weak and relaxed. If the purirative was no poison, it would not purge at all, for only those things will purge, which the body cannot bear and therefore ejects. The poisonous effects of these medicines become most evident when they remain in the body; for when the body has not the power to reject them, they show their whole! force as a poison. You will be told that it is the disease which produces these symptoms, but do not believe it — it is false. More persons die of drastic purgatives, and more children of rhubarb than of arsenic, of which every one is afraid. With costive evacuations the action of the intes- tines is greater, or the excrements could not be ejected — and, consequently nothing can remain behind — for the hard excrements always fill the intestines comitlctely — wliicli is never the case in diarrhcEa. When the action of the intestines stops, it is true, the contents remain stationary ; but it can easily be excited again, as has been shown under " Constipation." Doctors who dis- sect thousands of bodies, almost always find impurities in those who have had diarrhoea, but neVer in those who have been constipated. When loose evacuations relieve a patient who is suffering from some com- plaint or other, wait awhile before you give medicine — and, only in case it continues so long as to be injurious, make a selection from among the fol- lowing remedies. If children, while teething, have diarrhoea, do not interfere with it imme- diately, but wait a day or two if they have no other symptoms requiring treatment. At the commencement of a diarrhsea, all acids, coffee, tea, and everytliing salt should be avoided ; fruit, fresh or dried, eggs, chickens and chicken-broth also, are injurious; nothing but mucilaginous food is to be taken — arrow-root, rice, sago, &c. If the appetite is good, the patient may take mutton-broth, thickened with wheaten or rice flour, or sago ; milk fresh from the cow may in some cases make the diarrhoea worse, it is better to have it boiled and taken warm, but it must not be boiled too long, which will make it hard to digest. Ipecacuanha is indicated in diarrhoea, attended by screaming, tossing, uneasiness, profuse salivation, and. distension of the abdomen — sometimes ineiTectual straining, frequent small yellow stools, with pains in the rectum — or thin, mticous, frothy, fer- menting evacuations of a very offensive smell, or mixed with blood; accompanied by Aveakness, an inclination to lie down, drowsiness, a pale face, blueness under the eyes, coldness and irrital^ility. When Ipecacuanha does not answer, or aftbrds only partial relief, give Rheum ; when the secretions smell sour, it is better to give the latter medicine at first. Chamomilla^ particularly for infants when they cry and are uneasy, want to be carried constantly ; or for older children, when they are irritable, cry as if cra/ed, and twist and writhe ; when infants draw up their legs; when the belly is tight, and hard — the evacuation.s very frequent and mostly slimy or CHAP. X. AFFECTIONS OF THE ABDOMEN. 241 watery, or green and brown, or of undigested matter which smells like rotten eggs : accompanied by rumbling in the bowels, loss of appetite, thirst, coated tongue, frequent eructa- tions and retching. Chamomilla is appropriate also for grown persons, particularly when the evacuations are green, watery, hot and offensive, with bitter taste in the mouth, bitter eructa- tions, bilious vomiting, fulness of the pit of the stomach, griping and headache. Pulsatilla^ against pap-like or wately and offensive diarihoea with burning pain and soreness of the anus; accompanied bj loathing, nausea, disagreeable eructations and griping, the latter more frequently during the night. For pap-like diarrhoea, only occurring after midnight, preceded by pain in the bowels, which ceases after an evacuation, give Rhus. Pulsatilla is also useful in slimy diarrhoea, when each stool is of a different color. If the diarrhoea occasions great weakness, give Colocynthis, and if this causes disagreeable symptoms, give a little coffee w'thout milk. If the slime is green, or mixed with blood, attendel with straining, give Mercuritis. Pulsatilla is particularly suited for patients, who arr. of a gentle, patient disposition, (females or children); and 'f the diarrhoea was caused b}^ fat victuals. Mercurius, for diarrhoea attended by fits of screaming and by writhing, with ineffectual urging and pressing; cold perspira- tion and trembling ; the discharge green, watery and m'lcous, sometimes bilious, or mixed with blood, accompanied by great exhaustion, fetid breath, loss of appetite, and a disposit on to vomit, or vomiting and diarrhoea at the same time; also foi acrid diarrhoea with burning and itching in the anus. Sulphur for diJirrhoea which is so acrid as to occasion sore- ness of the parts around the anus, or to produce miliary erup- tions; frequently accompanied by emaciation, or, in children, by a hard, distended abdomen ; when every fresh exposure renews the diarrhoea. It will be serviceable after the failure of other remedies. Aniimonium crudum, for watery diarrhoea with disordered r 22 242 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. stomach, and whitish, thickly coated tongue. "When there la besides soreness of the anus; spasmodic pains in the anus and back; food of ever}'- kind causes pressure in the stomach; dul- ness of the eyes; sallow and pale face, give Ferrum^ which may also be given in diarrhoeas without pain. For watery diarrhoea which has continued for a long time, other remedies having proved ineffectual, give Phosphoric acid. Veratrum, for watery diarrhoea, pain about the navel with anxiety; sometimes sour vomiting, much thirst for very cold water or something sour ; or chilliness and drawing pains in the calves of the legs. Rheum^ for sour, thin, slimy, fermented diarrhoea, (compare with Ipecacuanha), common with children, who cry from pain in the bowels, or are uneasy and draw up the legs, and if you see a twitching in the upper part of their thighs or groins — flow of saliva from the mouth, and pale face, (if it is red, give Chamomilla, and if this does not answer. Belladonna)] some- times there is a sourish smell proceeding from the whole body of the child, which washing will not remove; if, in such cases, Rheum does not give relief, and the piiin is very violent, give Chamomilla, and if this does not sufl&ce — the pain abating- but the weakness continuing with distension of the abdomen, Sulphur. Apium virus, for greenish yellow, watery, painless diarrhoea, particularly in the morning, or if the abdomen is so sensitive that it cannot bear the bed-cover. Especially for irritable persons, who find fjiult with every thing, for fickle children who drop and break every thing, and become dejected and weak. China will be serviceable in all kinds of diarrhoea occurring in debilitated persons, and also in other cases, when, during the most violent pains, which are spasmodic, contracting and oppres- sive, quantities of thin brownish matter are discharged, some- times accompanied by burning pains in the anus, with great weakness in the abdomen, rumbling, flatulency and eructations. Frequently when persons awake during the night with these spasmodic pains, it gives instant relief, and prevents diarrhoea. CHAP. X. AFFECTIONS OF THE ABDOMEN. 243 Bryonia often answers in the heat of summer, particularly in diarrhoea arising from drinking cold water, or from taking cold ; or when the diarrhoea is caused by eating too much fruit, or by eating too much in general; likewise, when the diarrhoea occurs immediately after meals; is occasioned by sour crout ; also when produced by mental irritation, and Chamomilla has failed to cure it. Nux mosckata, after taking cold in water or from wet feet, for such who easily catch cold, and who have a cool, sensitive skin ; for slimy stools; no appetite; white-coated tongue; offen- sive breath ; or thin evacuations, accompanied with much strain ing; with pains below the ribs, moving from right to left; or the abdomen distended by winds; after eating and drinking, pains in the bowels and headache. Dulcamara, for diarrhoea which is caused by taking cold, par- ticularly in summer and autumn — worse at night, frequent evacuations, which are rather watery, attended by no great pain or by colic ; if this does not give relief in six hours, give Bryonia. If attended with more weakness than pain — if it comes on immediately after meals, the food being passed undigested, China generally gives relief; sometimes Bryonia or Rheum — to which refer; when attended with great weakness and pain in the bowels, give Arsenicum, and if this does not soon give relief, Nux vomica. When the food passes undigested, Ferrum is fre- quently useful, alone, or given alternately with China or Cal- carea. For diarrhoea attended by great weakness, mostly Ipeca- cuanha, Veratrum or Arsenicum; for diarrhoea without any pain, Ferrum, is best. When diarrhoea and constipation come on alternately, which is frequently the case in aged people, Anti- monium crudum answers best. For diarrhoea in females during pregnancy, and in confine- ments, refer to " Diseases of Women ;" and for diarrhoea with children during summer, to " Summer Complaint," among "Dis- eases of Children." 244 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. Dysentery. The chief symptoms of dysontary are : a constant straining and desire tc Btool, with cutting pains in the bowels ; small stools of whitish or bloody mucus, but no real, fceccs are discharged. The constant straining and desire to stool are caused by inflammation (that is : swelling, redness and pain,) of the large intestine, and not by the presence of freces as in a healthy person ; this disease is not, as commonly believed, diarrhoea, hut just, the reverse, it is con- stipation. The re-appearauce of fteces in the stools is a sign that the patient is better. Dysentery attacks, generally, a great many people at the same place, and if the right remedy is found in one case, it may be given in all other cases, as in all other epidemics. The homoeopathic physicians should in every epi- demic try to find the right remedy and make it public. If in such an epidemic you have once a patient in your house, there will be soon more from the use of the same privy. The surest, easiest and cheapest way of disinfecting is a solution of copperas, (sulphate of iron.) one part of copperas to twenty parts of water ; some of this solution should be mixed with all the discharges of the patient and a quart or two of it poured every few days into the privy. Dysentery is most frequent when the days are hot and the nights cool, at such times be particularly careful not to take cold when you are heated by cold drinks, a draught, taking off a part of your clothing, or sitting down upon tlie ground or a stone. Use no unripe fruit, spoilt malt liquor, sour wine, mineral water, lemonade, especially not at night. ' Sometimes there is at first common diarrhoea, for which you should select a remedy from those recommended under " Diarrhoea," but more particularly, V ra/rnin, rnl.idtilla or Nux vioiira, Veratruiii for watery diarrlia^a, chilli- ness, painful drawing in the calves of the legs, anxiety and pain about the navel, sour vomiting and thirst. Pulsatilla for slimy diarrhoea and vom- iting ; the patient sleepy, of gentle, patient disposition (females or children ;) if caused by fat victuals ; chilliuess ; worse at night. At other times dysentery is preceded by i>llier comjilainfs for which a remedy has to be selected from those recommended under their different heads. Acoiiitiim for heat and thirst ; the patient of a full habit, pulse strong and fast, face hot and red, more so at night. Tain in the bowels accompanied witli anxious desire to pass water, urine hot and brown-red ; dry mouth or cold in the head. For constipation preceding dysentery, compare Nux vomica, Bryonia, Fla- tinuni; or Mercu.rius, S'aj>hisiv/)-iii, Nulruni ninriaticuni. Nux vomica for constipation of patients who are impatient, cross and pas- sionate, who have been in the habit of drinking much coffee or spirituous liquors, but have n(nv a marked aversion to these things ; if the pains are more about the stomach and worse in the morning. The patient may drink as much cold water as he likes, and nothing else but gruel and other farinaceous articles. When he is recovering he should eat the same things, with some mutton-broth, he should eat often but not much at a time. Mercurius, when there is an urgent desire to evacuate, as if the intestines were being pressed out; after much pressing, a discharge of light blood or greenish, brokeu-up looking matter CHAP. X. AFFECnONS OF THE ABDOMEN. 245 mixed with blood, and more straining after the evacuation than before ; in children accompanied with crying and screamino- • infants thus affected, refuse to take the breast. Aconitum is indicated by tearing pains — resembling rheuma- tism — in the limbs, head, neck and shoulders ; violent chills ; much heat and thirst; bilious or thin and watery evacuations, sometimes mixed with mucus or slightly tinged with blood; dull or cutting pains in the abdomen. It is particularly valu- able in dysenteries occurring in autumn — when the days are hot and the nights cold. Belladonna when Aconitum^ which seemed to suit, does no good, particularly for lively, restless persons, or children who cry easily, or women who are easily frightened ; if the patients on awaiting, or during sleep, talk at random ; if every moment they want to get out of bed or into another one ; especially if the tongue is dry and red at the point (compare Ehus), or if it has two white stripes and is red all around and in the middle. Charaomilla after Aconitum^ if there is still fever and thirst with rheumatic pains, especially in the head ; nausea, foul tongue, bitter taste, &c. ; and particularly if the disease was produced by a sudden check of perspiration ; and is accompanied by great agitation and tossing about. China against epidemic and periodic dysentery, which affects many persons at the same time in a marshy region, or where canals are being dug ; particularly when the complaint is worse every other day ; or if the patients have a soreness below the ribs, particularly on the left side, with fulness; in general for weak, pale persons. Veratrum, if the discharge is watery, with bloody mucus and flakes swimming in it, or perhaps with sour vomiting; great thirst; severe cutting pains in the bowels; if the water passes very seldom ; face pale, sunken or swollen ; general coldness, or the face on\y cold; great weakness; drawing in the calves of the legs. Arsenicura, when the dark, slimy and bloody evacuations have a putrid sn:ell, when they pass involuntarily, when the urine becomes offensive, the patient loses his strength, becomes quite 22* 246 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. indifferent, bis faculties benumbed, Avith a bail s;iiell from the mouth ; when here and there red or blue spots appear ; also, when tbe patient tosses about in great agony ; is unable to find rest, believes he is dying, &c. ; when, at the same time, the breath is very cool, or when he complains of burning ; when Arsenrcunt proves inefiective, after one or two doses, give Carbo vegeiahilis. When, after Carho vegetabilis, the putrid smell remains, give China; and afterwards again, Carho vegetabilis. Carbo vegetabilis and Arsenicum are both suitable if the dysentery was brought on by cold drinking, particularly by ice- water ; for those who are in the habit of using spirituous liquors, or who are fond of cakes, fat victuals and milk, Carbo vegetabilis is belter. If caused by bad malt liquors or fruit, Arsenicum. Colocynthis for extreme pain in the bowels, as if the intestines were jammed between stones; the patient writhing with pain, the discharge slimy, sometimes mixed with blood, the abdomen much distended, sometimes like a drum ; a pressure as if the belly was full; shuddering, commencing in the abdomen and fextending over the whole body ; the tongue covered with white mucus; also, if brought on by anger and mortification. Refer also to " Colic." Staphisagria, in similar cases, when the pains are renewed by every mouthful of food and drink, even of water, and if there is afterwards straining and pressing. It is sometimes useful in alternation with Colocynthis. If both of them do good only for a short time, give Caiisticum. Rhus^ after a heavy cold, particularly after getting wet all over, in a rain or otherwise, whilst in a perspiration; especially if the discharge is bloody, slimy, brownish or greenish, and swims upon the water (compare China and Hhus) ; or for such who have from the first a breaking out on the lips (compare Arsenicum). Sulphur should be given in all protracted cases, when the other remedies give relief, but do not effect a complete cure: if there is still some straining; if the patient has an aversion to bread, meat, milk, sweet and sour things, malt- liquors and wine, and wants nothing but thin soup and spirituous liquors. CHAP. X. AFFECTIONS OF THE ABDOMEN. 247 Common Cholera. Cholera Morbus. This disease is characterised by violent purging and vomiting, griping, thirst, and sometimes by cramps and coldness of the extremities. It is most generally preceded by shivering, headache, nausea, pain in the abdomen, &c. In some cases, however, violent vomiting and purging set in almost simultaneously. In severe cases, there is consid(Tal)le pain in the abdomen, violent cramps in the muscles of the limbs, paleness of surface, pinched features, sunken eyes, cold and clammy skin, and great anxiety and depression. Attacks frequently come on at night, and by morning the patient may have almost or eatirely recovered. The exciting causes are chiefly improper quantity or quality of food- cucumbers, for instance, or any unripe fruits or crude vegetables— changes of temperature, great fatigue, ice or iced water, &c. Chamomilla, if the attack was induced by a fit of passion ; or if the following symptoms are presented : acute colicky pains, or heavy pressure in the region of the navel, sometimes extend- ' ing to the heart, with excessive anguish; greenish evacuations; cramps in the calves of the legs; tongue coated yellow, and sometimes vomiting of acid matter. Ipecacuanha, if the attacks of vomiting become more promi- nent, and vomiting predominates. Nux vom.ica, after Ipecacuanha when there is anxiety, pain in the abdomen, frequent small evacuations and tenesmus, and headaches. Veratrum, should the disease increase, and assume the follow- ing cliaracteristics, violent vomiting with severe diarrhoea, excessive weaJaiess, and cramps in the calves of the legs; eyes hollow or sunken, countenance pale, and expressive of acute suffering; coldness of the extremities, cold clammy perspiration, violent pain in the region of the navel, tenderness of the abdomen when touched; pains and cramps in the fingers, shrivelled appearance of the skin on the palms of the hands. Arsenicum is useful wlien the disease is attended with rajnd prostration of strength, insatiable thirst, excessive anxiety, with fear of approaching death, burning sensation in the region of the stomach, almost constant discharge from the bowels, or renewal of the discharge on every occasion that the desire for drink is gratified ; suppression of urine or scanty discharge followed by a burning sensation ; violent and painful vomiting, tongue and 248 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. lij)S dry, cracked and bluish, or black; hollow cheeks, pointed nose, pulse almost imperceptible, or small, weak, intermittent, and trembling ; severe spasms in the fingers and toes ; clammy per»piration. China, is useful against the weakness which remains after choh-'ra, but is also occasionally during the course of the dis- ease, particularly when tliere is vomiting of food, and frequent watery and brownish evacuations containing particles of undi- gested food; also when there is oppression at the chest with eructations which afford temporary relief; severe pressure in the abdomen, especially after partaking of the smallest j)ortion of food; great exhaustion, sometimes amounting to fainting. This remedy is particularly indicated when the disease has been excited by indigestible substances, such as unripe fruit, &c., or by inhabiting a marshy situation. Cuprum, in cases with violent cramps in the extremities, espe- cially in the calves of the legs, fingers and toes; it is useful also when the evacuations are very frequent and whitish, with violent pains in the abdomen, bluish appearance of the skin. &c. Asiatic (or epidemic) Cholera. During an epidemic of cholera, the doctors tell the people : "Be not afraid ; though, in spite of all we can do for you, you will get the cholera and will most likely die, yet, be not afraid, for fear makes it certainly worse." But I say: Be afraid! a little fear is wholesome, it wiir make you careful. He who is afraid and lives reasonably will not easily be attacked, or only slightly, and he who is not afraid, and lives unreasonably, is more likely to get it ; but he may be saved. The surest preventative is Sulphur ; put half a teaspoonful of Flowers of Sulphur into each of your stockings and go about your business; never go out with an empty stomach, eat no fresh bread, nor sour food. This is not only a preventative in cholera, but also in many other epidemic diseases. Not one of the many thousands ivho have followed this, my advice, have been attacked by cholera. CHAP. X. AFFECTIONS OF THE ABDOMEN. 249 At the beginning, when you have diarrhoea, Sulphur will relieve you, take it at once, and if it must be repeated, dissolve a few globules of it in a tumblerful of water and take a spoonful after every other evacuation. If you awake after midnight with vi(dent diarrhoea, vomiting, cramps in the calves of the legs, paleness and coldness, take Sulphur and keep quiet, the next day eat nothing but stale bread, and you will be well the next day. This has been confirmed in 18-i9 in more than five hundred cases which came to my knowledge. In a few cases other remedies were necessary, and that only when the patient had violated the rules; but none did die who took Sulphur from the first. For sudden attacks, and in general in the commencement, if the disease becomes rapidly much worse, Camphora shaken with water or dissolved in alcohol, is the chief remedy. If the patient is attacked wil^h cramps, nausea, excessive prostration, coldness and blueness of the surface, give him a drop of it every fifteen, ten or five minutes until he begins to pjerspire. This remedy was discovered and first made known to the world by Hahnemann ; it has since become a popular remedy in all countries, and has saved the lives of hundreds of thousands. Do not take too much of it, and not for each trifling diarrhoea, you may bring on artificial cholera, of which I have seen many cases ; they were cured by coffee without milk and sugar. The remedies for the diarrhoea, called sometimes cholerine, which prevails during epidemic cholera or precedes attacks of it, are Sulphur, as stated above, Ipecncwniha, Phosphoric acid, Kiix vomica, Chainomilla, see the following and " Diarrhoea." Ipecacuanha, when there is some nausea and sickness at stomach, the diarrhoea slight, will frequently prevent the dis- ease passing into the severe forms. Phosphoric acid has been by some considered almost specific in the diarrhoea which precedes cholera, particularly if the evacu- ations are frequent, loose and slimy, or of a whitish gray color, or if they consist of undigested substances. 250 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. For attacks of real cholera : Caynphora, as stated above ; oi Arsenicum, when the purging and vomiting become very fre quent ; the evacuations from the bowels being thin, watery, and of a brownish or blackish color and putrid smell, or light Colored and almost without smell, especially when accompanied by intense, burning pains or cramps in the stomach and bowels, with violent thirst, and great prostration of strength ; also burn- ing in the anus and rectum with tenesmus. It is also worthy of attention in the last stage of the disease. Veratrum is, however, the remedy upon which the chief reliance is to be placed, when cholera is fully developed; the discharges almost constant and presenting the characteristic n'ce-woter appearance, with cramps in the calves of the legs, fingers, toes, and sometimes of the muscles of the abdomen and chest ; the patient excessively restless and anxious ; the extremi- ties cold, &c. This remedy may be administered every fifteen or twenty minutes until several doses are taken, or there is a decided change in the symptoms; frequently it maybe alter- nated advantageously with Arsenicum, especially when the pains are of a burning character; the thirst unquenchable, and the evacuations increased by drinking cold water. Cuprum, after or in alternation with Veratrum, when that remedy has failed to relieve the cramps, which are very violent and extend to the whole body, or change to spasms or convul- sions, with constriction of the chest and difficult respiration. Garbo vecjetabilis may frequently be of service in the last stage of the disease, when the patient is in a state of" collapse, or asphyxia; the pulse almost gone; the surface cold and bluish; the breath cold; or when the evacuations and cramps have ceased, and congestion to the chest takes place. If reaction should ensue after the administration of Carho vegetabilis, and the purging, vomiting, and cramps return, it will be necessary to have recourse again to Veratrum, or some other of the foregoing medicines. In the congestions which frequently follow cholera, that to the head will generally be relieved by Acoaitum, Belladonna and Opium ; that to the chest CHAP. X. AFFECTIONS OF THE ABDOMEN". 251 by Phosphorus, Bryonia, Aconitum, and other remedies recommended for "Congestion of the Chest," which see. During the treatment of cholera the patient should be kept in a warm room, and the heat of the body kept up as much as possible by frictions with the hand previously dipped in flour to prevent abrasion of the skin. Warm oat- meal and bran applied to the limbs or over the whole body in suitable baga is also good, everything heated is very painful to the patient and of no use. To quench the violent thirst which generally accompanies the disease, small pieces of ice should be placed in the mouth from time to time ; cold water, in small quantities, may also be allowed unless it be found to aggravate the disease. If the patient gets better and wants to eat give him gruel and light food, often and only a little at a time. Eating as much as he wants may cost hia life. Constipation. The first observation we have to make on this complaint, and which many will consider paradoxical, is, that everyone whose bowels are constipated, may congratulate himself that he has no worse complaint. Whoever has paid attention to the subject, must be aware that nearly all persons who are disposed to costiveness, live long and keep their strength, except when they injure themselves by taking aperient medicines. Those, on the contrary, who are subject to frequent attacks of diarrhoea, are early in life debilitated and seldom grow old. No diarrhoea can appear when there is not some poisonous, noxious matter, or morbid disposition in the body, while, on the other hand, much perspiration and the eating of animal food are sufficient to cause constipation. In regard to the notion of impurities remaining in the body, see what is said under " Diarrhoea." The very popular opinion that purging contributes to health, not only when the body suffers from sickness, but also occasionally when it is in a healthy state, and that impurities are driven out of the body by it, is entirely erroneous and without foundation. It serves to keep up the sale of drugs, and it has been repeated year after year until it is almost universally received. It is a part of the traditional medical creed of the world, and no one dares to doubt it. Medical men spread and encourage this idea, because nearly their whole art consists in bleeding, purging, and giving emetics. This creed is the pivot upon which the whole of the old system turns, and patients deferring to authority, must needs submit. When this erroneous method of treatment is prescribed with due confidence and solemnity, heart and purse (but not alvvaj's the bowels) open, and persons actually in sound health feel a downright longing to be properly scrubbed and cleansed inside. Every one who will make the following experiment upon a horse, or upon himself,' will be convinced that our opposition to purging is well founded. Let aperient medicines be taken for a week, and however good may have been the state of health previously, at the termination of this period all sorts of impurities will be discharged, particularly after taking jalap and calomel. As this happens in every instance, eitlier to man or beast, and even to those who have never been ill, it is a proof that these impurities have been artificially produced by the drugs. We are frequently able to judge from the nature of the secretion, what medicine has been administered. After salts, the evacuation always smells like rotten esgs; after drastic gums, they are thin and watery ; after mercury, gieen ; and after magnesia and rhubarb, generally sour, &c. When we inquire 252 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. into the causes which produce this purging, we find that almost all poisonous substances have a simihir effect, and that for this reason we may class the purgatives with propriety among the poisons. Some esteem them a real god- Bend, and imagine that those drugs have been created for this very purpose. It might as well be supposed, that the rattlesnake and the tiger are created to destroy us. B'lt if we admit that these drugs are intended to be used as medicines, it is nt) reason, because we see them produced in great quantities, that we should make an excessive use of them. Virulent poisons, although given but in small portions, produce vomiting and purging, or injure the stomach ; the less viru- lent poisons are called purgatives, merely because they do not kill imme- diately, but are generally rejected by the efforts of nature. Pc-rsons suffering from constipation, and seeking occasionally to be relieved, or suffering from other complaints connected with it, should take the reme- dies hereafter prescribed. At the same time attention should be paid to the manner of living ; moderation in the use of meat, which must not be eaten three times a day, is to be observed ; a free use of salted food is to he avoided, mastication attended to, or the food to be well cut up, if teeth have been lost ; a considerable quantity of vegetables, fruit and bread to be taken with meat ■ — soup may be indulged in ; strong or green tea to be avoided, and also all spirituous liquors and beer which contain narcotics ; in place of these new milk may be used, or even butter-milk, which, though it is generally despised and given to the pigs in this country, is nevertheless a wholesome beverage, both for children and grown persons. Persons habitually constipated should also always, if it agrees with them, eat fruit at dinner, dried fruit in preference, or good ripe apples ; they should avoid indulging in cheese, and accustom themselves to drink a glass of water before going to bed. Among the domestic remedies nothing can be recommended, except from time to time an injection of water. Many persons are afraid if they get into the habit of using injections that they will be compelled to continue them ; but there is no danger of this, if the medicines recommended are taken at the same time. The injections used should consist of nothing but water, and not be employed too frequently. To accustom oneself to purgatives is infinitely worse. For other precautions in giving injections, refer to " Piles." Injections, it is true, only relieve the patient for a while, but in the meaa time the cause may be removed by medicine, and the disease cured. Persons who have suffered a long time from constipation, which constantly returns, may sometimes be cured entirely by injections. For this purpose, let the water be as cold as it conies from the spring, about half a pint, or a coffee cup full at a time, and take the injection before going to bed at night. It should, if possible, be retained. Persons who continue this treatment for a week or two, frequently become quite regular in their bowels, if they live rationally at the same time. Those who suffer from piles must not have recourse to this remedy. All other injections besides water and all admixtures are injurious, except fresh boiled milk, which is sometimes preferable for children. Another remedy is plenty of exercise, walking, particularly up hill. Per- sons who are costive should be regular in attending to the calls of nature ; the best time is in the morning, before or after breakfast The followii g medicines, when properly selected, will greatly facilitate the care. CHAP. X. AFFECTIONS OF THE ABDOMEN. 253 Nux vomica is most suitable for constipation occurring in per- sons of sedentary habits, and those accu.stomed to drinlvino ardent spirits; also for that which is occasioned by eating too greiit a variety of food at once; after a surfeit, or when the con stipation is preceded by diarrhoea, or for suppressed diarrhoea, with want of appetite, disagreeable taste, the tongue coated, loathing, sickness of the stomach, tightness of the abdomen, pressure in that region, heat, stitches here and there, a feeling as of a weight, cutting pain in the lower part of the abdomen, heat particularly in the face, headache, disinclination to work, uneasy sleep, oppressed breathing, irritability and frequent com- plaining. — When accompanied by moroseness, taciturnity, and after eating too many cakes, rancid butter, &c,, give Pulsatilla ; when the patient is irritable and feels chilly, give Bryonia. Bryonia is particularly useful in constipation occurring in warm weather, and in persons who suffer from rheumatism. Opium when there is an inclination to evacuate, but a feeling as if the anus were closed; there is no regular pressure ; some- times a sensation as if there were a load in the abdomen ; throbbing in the abdomen ; pressure on the stomach ; dry mouth, thirst, and want of appetite. Platinum, when, after much straining, the faeces are evacuated in but small quantities; straining and itching in the anus; shuddering over the whole body after every evacuation, accom- panied by a feeling of weakness in the abdomen, with contrac- tion, bearing down, oppression of the stomach, and ineffectual efforts to throw up wind ; suitable also for constipation after or while travelling. Lachesis, for protracted costiveness, with a feeling of weight and oppression at tbe stomach, and ineffectual eructations. Mercurius against costiveness accompanied by a disagreeable taste in the mouth, with pain in the gums, the appetite unim- paired ; if Mercurius does not suffice, give Staphisagria. Natrum muriaticum in tedious cases, where the above reme- dies have failed, and there is no inclination whatever to evacuate. 23 254 TREATMENT OP DISEASES. For frequent disposition to go to stool, with ineffectual efforts, give Sulphur. Inflammation of the Liver. Pains in the Liver. Pains below the ribs on the right side, extending up or down, with fever, require the following remedies : Aconiium if the fever is high, with hot skin, much thirst, and whitish furred tongue, accompanied bj moaning, great restless- ness, and dread of death ; shooting pains in the region of the liver. Chamomilla if the pains are of a dull pressive character, and are neither aggravated by pressure, bj respiration, nor by move- ment, with a sense of pressure in the stomach, tension below the ribs on the right side, oppression of the chest; yellowness of the skin; tongue coated yellow; bitter taste in the mouth, and paroxysms of anguish. Nux vomica against shooting or pulsative pains with great tenderness of the region of the liver when touched ; nausea or vomiting; bitter or sour taste; shortness of breath and sense of pressure under the ribs and about the stomach ; pressive pain in the head ; thirst ; highly colored urine; giddiness and paroxysms of anguish ; constipation. Mercnrius : pains under the ribs of a pressive character, which do not allow the patient to lie long on the right side; bitter taste in the mouth ; want of appetite ; thirst, continued shiver- ing, f )llowed sometimes by clammy perspiration ; yellowness of the skin and of the white of the eyes ; also in enlargement and liardening of the liver. Lachesis is frequently suitable after Afercuri.us. Belladonna against pains in the region of the liver which ex- tend to the chest and shoulders, particularly of the right side ; swelling and tightness at the pit of the stomach; oppressed and anxious respiration ; congestion to the head with giddiness ; dimness of vision and occasional fainting ; great thirst, anxiety, restlessness and sleeplessness. It is often suitable Siher Aconitum, Afe'^curiiis and Lcichesis. CHAP. X. AFFECTIONS OF THE ABDOMEN. 255 Lachests will be serviceable in cases in which Mercurivs and Belladonna nppear to be indicated, but only affi>rd partial relief; and also in obstinate chronic cases occurring in drunkards. Bryonia^ when the pains are pressive, with a feeling of tension in tlie region of the liver ; pains aggravated by respiration, cougliing and movement ; violent oppression of the chest, with rapid and anxious respiration ; thick yellowish coating on the tongue; constipation. China when worse every other day, with shooting and pres- sive pains in the region of the liver; swelling and hardness below the ribs; pressive pain in the head; tongue thickly coated, yellowish, and bitter taste in the mouth. SulphtLr will be serviceable after any of the preceding reme- dies, when the improvement is but temporary and the disease still continues. Jaundice. There are different kinds of jaundice, sometimes it continues for a long time without any danger, sometimes it is accompanied by fever and in some cases a favorable sign, in other cases a dangerous sign, wliich can be seen by the general state of the patient. There is commonly but little fever in the mild forms of this disease, but in bad cases the fever may be high, and the brain become more or less affected, which is always a serious complication, and especially so when drowsiness, with great difRculty in being roused, takes place ; in such cases, if there was or still is a great itching or frequent, violent gaping, give Opium, if neces- sary, repeated for two or six hours. Merciirius will be sufficient, if the patient has not already abused this drug ; in that event China will be preferable, which may be followed, in obstinate cases, by Hepar, Snlphtir or Lnchp.tis. Chiiut may advantageously follow Mercurius, when the latter remedy is insufficient. GlxtuKimiUa will be preferable for attacks arising from a fit of passion. It may be followed or alternated with Nux vomica. Sidphvr and Lachesis will be most suitable for very irritable persons, in whom the symptoms of jaundice manifest themselves upon every trifling occasion. Jaundice produced by abuse of mercury may be combated by China and Hepnr, or Lachesis and Siilphiir, — that arising from abuse of cinchona by Mercnriv.t, Belladonna, Culcarea, Nux vomica; and that caused by rhubarb, by Chamomilla or Mercurins. Diflaculty and Pain in Making Water, Is either caused by other diseases by unclean affections, or by chronic 256 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. afft'ctions of tbo kidneys or the bladder. In these last cases consult a homoeo- pathic physician ; if you cannot do so, use the remedies below. It is strange, to observe how an.xious most people are about their having every day an evacuation from the bowels, without taking much notice of how often they pass water. Yet it is ten times more dangerous to go one day without urinating, than to be a whole week witliout a discharge from the bowels. Never postpone the former l)usiness for any consideration whatever. Many people have died a very painful death from their having too long waited to urinate. It is astonishing how sensible people can run such a great risk on account of e.xtreme modesty or bashfulness. while attending church, parties, especially sleighing parties, concerts, or other assemblies, and when travelling. I)o not be in a liurry when urinating, press not too hard, and empty the bladder completely, and avoid a cold draught. If the discharge of urine becomes for some time more and more scanty, take every day a warm foot-bath, and drink plenty of water, but beware of diuretics, as gin, juniperberries, &c. For constant desire to urinate, pain, burning, &c., use applications of warm water, a warm bath, and mucilaginous drinks. Aconitum, for constant, painful desire to urinate, with the passMge of a few drops or no urine at all, the urine bright red, dark, turbid; pressing, cutting pains in the back and below the ribs, geueriilly on one side only, upon which the patient cannot lie; sometimes pains in the bladder; fever, thirst; sometimes the testicle on the same side is drawn up, or the thigh is numb; also if at the same time the region of the bladder is swollen and painfid to tlie touch, if the pain increases when the urine passes, if the urine is bloody or mixed with clots of blood. After Aco- 7i>t"m, give Nux vomica or Pulsatilla, Apium virus or Hyoscyamus. Pulsatilla, if there are pressing, cutting pains and redness and heat in the region of the bladder. Also, for females, when the courses are suppressed, too tardy or scanty. Arnica, if caused by a blow or fall on the bladder or back, or by a violent concussion of the whole body. Sometimes alter- nately witli Aconitum. Niix vomica, for persons of a full habit and who are fond of liquor; after suppressed piles, with burning, pressing and ten- sion in the back, and the region between the ribs and hipbones. Belladonna, if the pains are more cutting, extending from the back to the bladder, in spells, with great anxiety, restlessness and colic. If Belladonna gives only temporary relief, take Hepa/r. CHAP. X. AFFECTIONS OF THE ABDOMEN. 257 Mercnrius for very violent, constant desire to urina;e, with perspiration at the same time ; urine dark red, soon becoming turbid and offensive. If the urine is acrid, excoriating and if after its passage there is some blood, Mercnrius may be alternated with Heimr. Gohcynthis^ if the urine becomes sticky and gelatinous, and if the pains are insupportable. Apium virus, if it appears after a partly or totally suppressed eruption, or if there is a burning, stinging, or itching in different parts; if the whole abdomen is very sensitive to the slightest tou-ih ; if the patient feels chilly when moving, particularly at night; if he has heat without thirst, yawns and cannot sleep. C^pa, for frequent urging, the urine passes by starts or only in drops, is bright red and burning; after a cold generally or from wet feet or exposure of the abdomen to cold air or a draught. If the water passes not at all, or only very slowly, with burn- ing in the urethra, and burning heat in the abdomen, Camphor is sometimes very useful, and also when caused by Spanish flies, in blisters or taken internally ; too much must not be taken, smell it only or shake it with warm water, and take of that by the teaspoonful. If it occurs after suppressed piles, use warm injections, Aconitvm, Mercurhis, Ntix vomica. Sulphur, or Apium virits. If worse after every cold, DuJcamnra or Cepa; if the burning returns, Carhovegetahilis or Arsenicwn. A complete cure can only be effected by a long and careful treatment of a homoeopathic physician. The passing nf bloody urine is often combined with other complaints; give the above remedies. If from external injuries. Arnica; from spirituous liquors, Nnx vomica; after excesses, China; if it returns often, Hepar. If accompanied by burning pains at the end of the urethra, if the testicles are drawn up ; cramp-like pains in the knees, thighs and groins ; if contracting and cutting pains in the small of the back extend to the navel, give PulsO' iilla. Rupture. Hernia. Ruplure may be produced by severe exercise on horseback or on foot, by lifting heavy weights, playing on wind instruments, vomiting, costiveness, the hooping cough, crying, tight clothing, jumping, &c. In most cases it can be cured by internal remedies, when it has not been neglected too long ; the physicians of the old school deny this— and they are s 23 258 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. perfectly correct when they speak of their own medicines. Trusses have been greatly irn pro v-cil in this country, but bad articles are still common. It is of great importance to get a good truss, for a bad one may do great injury ; if it does not tit exactly, or if it slips, it may make the rupture incurable. A good truss must not be troublesome, although in the beginning it may fe«l rather uncomfortable ; it must not be applied until the hernia has been entirely reduced, when the truss ought to keep it in its position. If the patient per- ceives, after the instrument has been applied, that feomething protrudes, let him take it oft', lie down upon his back, reduce the hernia again, and replace the truss. When the hernia protrudes frequently, the truss is good for nothing. A person afflicted with hernia, who does not wear a truss, oi who wears a bad one — who exerts himself afterwards too much, or is otherwise imprudent — exposes himself to the danger of having incarcerated or strangu- lated hernia, and mortification. It is also of great importance to know how a hernia should be reduced. In order to accomplish this properly, the patient should lie down on his back, and place a pillow under the hips, so that the ruptured part may be higher than the rest of the abdomen — he should then incline a little to the side on which the rupture appears, to relax the abdominal muscles as much as possible. Another person can reduce the hernia better, but many can do it for Ihemselves ; it is best done by pressing the left hand softly against the part which protrudes, as if for the purpose of grasping it ; after this, press the fingers of the right hand on the top, and then rub it softly, by passing the fintrers over it ; place the flat of the hand from time to time on it. and gradually increase the pressure; continue these efforts patiently for half an hour, or longer, if the hernia is considerable. Most kinds of strangulated hernia can generally be reduced with facility, after the proper remedies have been taken, particularly Aconihim or Niix tuDnica. When the hernia will not bear pressure, medicine must first be taken to remove the irritability — after which it frequently returns of itself In some cases, placing a rag dipped in warm water upon the tumor will effect the reduction. S!ome persons apply cold water or ice in a calf's bladder, but this should not be kept on long, and should not be used at all when the parts are hot and red. For violent burning in the belly, as from red-hot coals, the least touch giv- ing pain, with sickness of the stomach, bitter, bilious vomiting, nervousness, and cold perspiration, give Aconl/uni. which may be repeated if the pain returns again In ca-e Aniniluni. only alleviates the symptoms for a short time, without any other good effect, dissolve a few globules of Verafrnm in a wine-glassful of water, and give every two hours a teaspoonful, but do not repeat it oftener than three times. If. after this, the efforts to reduce it should fail, if on the left side, with gre^t pains from the abdomen to the rupture, and much rum- bling of wind, give Vfpa ; if on the right side, lihvs. If accompanied by sour vomiting, give Sulphur, which should also be given in the beginning, if the vomiting is sour instead of bitter ; leave the patient to rest awhile, and if he falls asleep do not disturb him. If the jiain is less violent when the parts are touched, and the vomiting lessened, but the breathing is attended by much difficulty; when taking cold, or overheating, vexation of mind, or improper diet is the cause, give iS'?/i voi/iica ; if there is no improvement in two hours, give it again ; when the patient becomes red in the face, when the abdomen is distended, or when bad enulling eructations and vomiting occur, give Opium every quarter of an nour until there is a change ; if the vomiting is accompanied by cold sweat, or if the extremities become cold, give Veratnnn ; and if it does not improve after giving it twici, give B lladoima. As soon as the abdomen becomes sensitive, CHAP. XI. DISEASES OF WOMEN. 259 and cannot endure to be touched without pain, give Aconitum and Sulphur, as above. When the rupture has already assumed a bad appearance — when the symptoms are very alarming, and no surgeon can be had, give Lackesis, and it' this gives relief, repeat it as often as the symptoms get worse agaia if, after a couple of hours, there is no improvement, give Arsenicum. In all cases of strangulated hernia, a surgeon should immediately be sent for, but the above remedies must be taken in the meanwhile ; if they prove efficacious before he arrives, so much the better ; if not, he will perform the necessary operation, which he will find to be much easier after the patient has taken the above medicine, as numerous experiments have proved. If he asserts that the effect of the medicine has been injurious, and that he cannot now succeed as well as he might have done if the medicines had not been given, he says what is not true, and is ignorant or prejudiced, and is to be distrusted. If you wish to cure a common rupture before it becomes strangulated, and causes no particular trouble, consult a homoeopathic physician. But if the rupture is of recent occurrence, Rhus will give relief in most cases; but it must not be repeated within a week. If it occurred suddenly, by lifting or great exertion, lie down quietly, keep as quiet as possible, with a pillow under the hips, and take Rhus. If it occurred slowly while standing, Cocculus. Kux vomica, if otherwise indicat-ed. CHAPTER XI. DISEASES OF 'WOMEN. Menstruation, (the Monthly Illness.) Menstruation is often delayed beyond the period at which we have reason to expect it in healthy females, or when it does appear, it is frequently preceded by much suffering, and followed by hysterics and other complaints. These complaints are generally produced by diseases which existed previously, and can only be cured by the continued attendauce of a homoeopathic physician. Affections of this class frequently find their origin and support in the mode of living ; we can often trace them to insufficiency of clothing, which, espe- cially in a variable climate like ours, is very injurious ; many of the attendant complaints arise from other causes, which medicine alone can remove. The age at which this function first makes its appearance, in temperate climates, is about the fifteenth year ; though in some instances it occurs at a much earlier age, and in others again it is protracted several years later. In warm climates it generally appears as early as the ninth or tenth year, and iu cold ones not often earlier than the twentieth. 'I'he average duration of a menstrual period is about five days ; it varies donsiderably, however, in different individuals, in some continuing for seven or eight .ays, and iu others not more than two or three. It generally returns regularly in healthy females, every twent3--eight days, and usually contmues antil about the forty-fifth year, when its final cessation takes place, and which U usually attended with a'good deal of disturbance of the general health, as 260 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. well as of irregularity of this function ; hence this period of life has been called the " critical age," or "change of life." Tardy Menstruation. When menstruation is tardy, weak, or too late in making its appearance, beware of all quack medicines which pretend to induce the discharge ; num- bers of females have ruined their health for ever by using such medicines. In many cases a proper attention to diet, exercise and clothing is all that is necessary to produce a healthy state of this function. Females subject to menstrual irregularities should carefully avoid all highly seasoned food, and also coffee, green tea, and all spirituous and malt liquors as beverages. Those of sedentary habits should accustom themselves to daily exercise in the open air, either by walking or riding. Sedentary habits and close application to 8tudy are both highly injurious. The clothing should be warm, adapted to the season, and changed to suit the variations of temperature. It is of the greatest importance to keep the feet dry and warm, by wearing thick-soled shoes and warm stockings, especially in wet or damp weather. The neglect of this precaution has destroyed the health and happiness of hundreds. A cheerful disposition should also be cultivated, as all depressing mental and moral emotions have an injurious tendency. There are cases, however, in which, in addition to the observance of the above rules, it will be necessary to make use of one or more of the following remedies, which can be administered without injury ; if they fail to effect the desired object, apply to a homoeopathic practitioner. Pulsatilla is especially adapted to females of a mild, easy disposition ; pain in the lower part of the abdomen and across the small of the back ; giddiness, fulness about the head and eves, paleness of the face, with occasional flushes of heat; roar- ing in the ears, or partial deafness, coldness of the hands and feet, and disposition to general coldness ; sour taste in the mouth after eating; nausea and vomiting; alternate crying and laugh- ter ; sadness and melancholy ; painfulness of the breasts ; palpi- tation of the heart, especially on going up stairs ; loss of appetite, with desire for acids and disinclination to exercise. The symp- toms are worse in the afternoon and before midnight ; the pains frequently change from one place to another ; better in the open air and while exercising. If no improvement follows after a week or ten days, give Sulphur. Gocculus^ when the patient suffers from nervous symptoms, or against contracting, pinching pain in the lower part of the abdo- men, with oppressed respiration ; and also against a scanty dis- charge of black blood, or when the patient is weak, with great agitation, sighing or groaning, and is scarcely able to speak. CHAP. XI DISEASES OF WOMEN. 261 Belladonna^ if there is rush of blood to the head, with red- ness of the face, sometimes even dark red ; bleeding at the nose; redness of the eyes and intolerance of light ; giddiness, espe- cially after stooping ; and full, bounding pulse. Byronia is indicated when, instead of menstruation, there is bleeding at the nose. Lachesis and Lycopodium are also suitable in similar cases. Cuprum, in cases of spasms, or threatened spasms, with nau- sea and vomiting, or when there are cramps in the extremities, with screaming ; also in convulsions. Apium virus, if the menstrual discharge either stops entirely, or flows two or three days, stops, and flows again, and so on ; if the right side, from the hip-bone to the navel, is very sensi- tive ; if violent, cramp-like, bearing-down pains, like labor-pains, appear, followed by a scanty discharge of dark bloody mucus ; or if the females, at the time,, become very talkative, thought- less, and don't mind anybody. Nux moschata, for females of a changeable disposition, with an irregular, scanty, black discharge. Phosphorus will be serviceable in females of a delicate consti- tution, with slight form, weak chest, of lively disposition, and predisposed to lung diseases ; when, in place of menstruation, expectoration of blood in small quantities occurs, with hacking cough and pains in the chest. Arsenicum is applicable in cases attended with great weakness, also in swelling of the face, especially round the eyes, with pale- ness of the complexion, more in the morning; swelling of the feet and ankles in the evening, and a feeling ot heat or burning in the veins. Veratrum, when the patient has cold hands and feet, disposi- tion to diarrhoea, &c. Sulphur after Pulsatilla^ when the latter has been insufficient, and also after any of the above remedies, especially if the patient complains of heat in the head, giddiness, palpitation of the heart, and shortness of breath, particularly on going up stairs; 262 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. loss of appetite ; sickness at the stomach after eating ; emaciation and depression of miud. Suppression of the Menses. By this terra is understood the sudden stoppage of the menstrual flow. This is frequently consequent upon some accidental cause, such as exposure to cold or dampness without a sufficiency of clothing, particularly of the feet; putting the feet in cold water; powerful mental emotions, &c. It also often occurs in the course of other diseases, especially those of the lungs, liver and womb, in rheumatism. &c. In these latter instances the difiBculty can only be removed by the cure of the primary disease, the appropriate treatment of which will be found under their respective heads. Aconitum when the affection arises from fright, and especially if there is congestion of blood to the head or chest, with redness of the face ; giddiness, nausea or faintness ; throbbing or acute shooting pains in the head, sometimes attended by delirium or stupor. When the suppression is occasioned by fright, this remedy should be administered immediately, and if not speedily followed by relief, or if the amelioration is but partial or tempo- rary, it may be succeeded with benefit by Opium or Veratmm. Bryonia is most suitable for unmarried females, when the suppression is followed by a sensation of swimming in the head, with heaviness and pressure towards the forehead, aggravated by stooping and by motion ; pains in the chest ; dry cougli ; bleeding at the nose ; bitter or sour eructations ; pain in tlie pit of the stomach after eating ; rising of food ; pains in the small of the back, and also pains of a drawing character in the lower part of the abdomen ; constipation. Bxlladonivi will be serviceable after Aconitum in plethoric subjects, when there is congestion to the head, bleeding at the nose, and for most of the symptoms mentioned under Aconitum when the latter is insufficient. Nux moschata, if caused by fatigue and taking cold at the same time, iiarticularly from wet feet. Pulsatilla, however, is the chief remedy ia this affection, and will afford relief in the majority of instances, especially when the suppression results from the effects of cold or a chill by ex- posure to dampness, and the patient suffers from headache, I CHAP, XI. DISEASES OF WOMEN. 263 chiefly confined to one side, with shooting paiLs extending to the face, ears and teeth ; palpitation of the heart ; feeling of ' suffocation; flashes of heat; nausea or vomiting; disposition to diarrhoea ; pressure in the lower part of the abdomen ; frequent desire to void urine ; and whites. It is best adapted to females of a mild, easy disposition, with inclination to melancholy and tears, Veratrtim for nervous headache ; hysterical affections ; fre- quent nausea and vomiting ; pale, earthy color of the face ; coldness of the hands and feet, or nose ; great weakness, with fainting fits. /Sulphur, against pressive headache chieffy in the back part of the head, extending to the nape of the neck, or one- sided headache, or pain over the eyes, with heat and throb- bing in the head ; heaviness of the head ; confusion of the head ; giddiness ; dimness of vision ; bluish circles round the eyes; pimples on the forehead and round the mouth, and red spots on the cheeks ; voracious appetite ; sour stomach ; soar and burning eructations; fulness and heaviness in the stomach and abdomen; constipation, with ineffectual efforts to stool, dis- position to piles; sometimes loose, slimy evacuations; spasms in the abdomen; whites; numbness of the limbs; great dispo- sition to take cold ; difficulty of breathing ; pain in the loins ; great depression after talking ; fatigue and weakness of the limbs ; irritability of temper or disposition to melancholy and tears. In cases of long standing, especially when occurring in debili- tated subjects, China, Causticum, Natrum muriaticum, and Ar- senicum will be useful, but it is much better to consult a chy- sician. Too copious Menstruation. When the menstrual discharge is excessive, or cor tinu^« longer than usual, and is attended by pains in the baclj loin5«, and abdomen, which resemble those of labor, it becomea -easa- sary to lessen it, and also to prevent its recurrence. 264 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. Best in the horizontal posture is also in most cases iftiperative. Ipecacuanha^ for too great a flow, and also in flooding after labor, especially when there is a profuse discharge of bright red blood. Crocus is one of the most valuable remedies in this complaint, particularly when the discharge is dark-colored, clotted and very copious, and the menses have returned too soon. Platinum will be useful in cases in which the menstrual dis- charge is too great, and consists chiefly of dark-colored blood, and is attended with bearing down pains, venereal and general excitability. Chamomilla will be beneficial when the discharge is dark- colored and clotted, accompanied by griping pains which ex- tend from the small of the back forward towards the abdomen; thirst; coldness of the extremities, and sometimes fainting. Nux vomica^ when the menstruation is too copious, and re- turns before the usual time; when it continues too long, or stops and returns again. It is particularly adapted to females who make too free use of coffee, wine or other stimulants, all of which articles should be strictly prohibited for several months. Ignatia is most serviceable in cases in which the discharge continues too long, and is frequently attended by yawning and hysterical symptoms. China, in cases of great debility in consequence of too copious or too long continued menstrual discharge. It may be given with advantage, after the discharge has been checked by other remedies, and the patient suffers from weakness only. Sulphur, given durmg the intervals two or three times, allow- ing a week to elapse between the doses, will often be beneficial, after the failure of other remedies. Calcarea, administered in the same manner, will frequently be found successful. Painful Menstruation. Belladonna is indicated when there is severe pain in the back, and strong bearing down in the lower part of the abdomen, as j'l the parts were about to fall out, accompanied with violent cou- CHAP. XI. DISEASES OF WOMEN. 265 gestion of blood to the head, confusion of sight, frightful visions, screaming, redness and bloated appearance of the face and fre- quent, ineflectual efforts to stool with much straining. Chamomilla, when the pains resemble labor pains, with pressure from the small of the back toward the front of the abdomen and downward: colic, with tenderness of the lower part of the abdomen when touched, and discharge of dark-colored and coagulated blood. Verairum, against menstrual colic, with nervous headache; nausea and vomiting ; coldness of the hands, feet or nose ; great weakness ; fainting fits and diarrhoea. Coffea will be beneficial if there is much nervous excitement; colic, with feeling of fulness and pressure in the bowels, and violent spasms which extend to the chest; delirium; wringing of the hands, grinding of the teeth ; violent screaming ; difficulty of breathing and groaning; coldness of the whole body, numb- ness and stiffness. Lachesis is of great value in difficult menstruation, especially when accompanied by diarrhoea with violent straining, which generally precedes the menstrual flow, and continues after it has ceased. Cocculics, when there are spasms in the abdomen, cramps in the chest ; flatulency ; nausea and faintness, and pressive colic. Causticum, if there are cutting pains in the small of the back; spasms in the abdomen; hysterical symptoms, and yellowish complexion. Pulsatilla is serviceable when there is a feeling of heaviness as if from a stone in the lower part of the abdomen ; violent pressure in the lower part of the abdomen and small of the back, attended with a sensation of drawing and numbness extending down the thighs; the latter feeling is felt more particularly when the patient is in the sitting posture; pressure in the rec- tum with ineffectual efforts to evacuate; frequent inclination to pass water. Nux vomica is most useful in relieving writhing pains in the abdomen, accompan'ed by nausea, or pains in the back and loins 24 266 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. as if dislocated ; feeling as if bruised ou the bones of the pubes; spasms and pricking in the lower part of the abdomen ; parox- ysrjs of pressing and drawing pains, frequent desire to make water, and sensation in the bowels as if they would burst. Green Sickness. This affection commonly occurs in young girls at the period of pubertj — about the fourteenth year — and is most generally owing to some obstruction to the first menstruation. A similar condition may, however, be induced in females of a more advanced age, and of delicate constitution, by excessive loss of blood or other fluids, sedentary occupation, exposure to dampness and cold, insufficient food and clothing ; mental emotions of an unpleasant kind, &c. The disease may be distinguished by excessive paleness of the complexion and lips, the latter appearing at times almost white — sometimes alternately with redness and flushing of heat ; general mental and physical languor ; the patient complains of being weak and tired ; the breathing is hurried ; the slightest exertion produces panting respiration and violent palpitation of the heart ; this is particularly noticeable by directing the patient to go up stairs quickly ; the lower extremities often become swollen ; the appetite depraved, with a longing after chalk, charcoal, &c. ; flatulent distension of the abdomen, particularly after meals ; costiveness or diarrhoea ; cough, sometimes attended by expectoration of dark-colored, clotted blood, and emaciation. Pulsatilla is best adapted to females of a mild, easy disposi- tion, disposed to sadness and tears; and particularly if the dis- ease was produced by exposure to cold or dampness, and attended by frequent attacks of one-sided headache, with pains shooting to the ears and teeth; sometimes the pain changes suddenly from one side to the other; aching in the forehead, and pressure on top of the head ; sallow complexion alternating with redness and flushes of heat ; difficulty of breathing and feeling of suftbcation after the slightest exertion ; palpitation of the heart; coldness or heat of the hands and feet; looseness of bowels; whites; nausea and vomiting; sensation of weight in the abdomen, periodical expectoration of dark, clotted blood ; hunger with repugnance to food, and great fatigue, especially in the legs. Sul'jjliur should have the preference where there is pressive pain in the back of the head, extending to the neck; congestion to the head with throbbing pains ; humming in the head ; pim- ples round the mouth and on the forehead ; paleness of the face, with red spots on the cheeks; emaciation; voracious aj)petite; CHAP. XI. DISEASES OF WOMEN. 267 sour and burning eructations; pressive fulness ai d heaviness in the stomach and abdomen ; irregularity of the bowels ; pain in the loins ; difficulty of breathing ; great depression after talking; fatigue, especially in the legs; great liability to take cold. It is most suitable for irritable and passionate persons or those inclined to sadness and tears. Bryonia^ when there is frequent congestion to the head or chest; bleeding at tlie nose; chilliness, sometimes alternating with heat; dry cough ; colic; constipation; bitter taste in the mouth; yellowish coated tongue; feeling of aching, as if from a blow, in the stomach. Calcarea carhonica will frequently effect a cure after the failure of other remedies, when the difl&culty of breathing is very great; with swelling of the extremities; excessive emaciation, &c. Ferrum will be serviceable after or in alternation with the latter, when the sallowness continues with great debility, want of appetite, nausea, &c. When the complexion is very sallow, the lips bloodless and pale, the heart's action palpitating, irregular. This disease, however, should in all cases be under the management of a homcEopathic practitioner, as it is one, which, if neglected or improperly treated, will destroy the health and consequently the happiness of the patient. Cessation of the Menses. The period at which menstruation ceases is about the forty-fifth year of age, though in some,instances the " change" takes place several years earlier, and in others again, it may be postponed to the fiftieth year, and even later. Women of delicate constitution and those who " live high" and whose habita are sedentary, generally experience this change earlier than those of a more robust organization, or those who live temperately and make use of plenty of exercise, especially in the open air. As the " chantre of life" approaches, the menses generally become irregular, both as regards the time of their return and the quantity of the discharge. They mav either return too soon, or the interval may be much longer than usual, the quantity discharged is at times much smaller than common, and at others again it may be so profuse as to amount to a hemorrhage. Occa- sionally the" flow comes on suddenly and quite unexpectedly, continues for a short time, and then stops without being followed by any of the ordmary symptoms of suppression. Sometimes the menstrual fluid discharged is largelv mixed with mucus. in the maiority of women, while this change is in progress, there is more or less disturbance of the general health, giving rise to headache; vertigo ; flushes of heat ; paleness and debility ; nervousness ; irregularity in the urinary 268 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. discharge ; sometimes it is frequent and in large quantities, at others scanty and high-colored ; pain in the back and loins, which extends down the thighs with a creeping sensation; heat in the lower part of the abdomen ; occasional swelling of the abdomen ; swelling of the extremities ; piles and pruritus (vio- lent itching of the privates). In some instances, however, the menses gradually cease without being attended by any of the unpleasant symptoms enumerated above. Frequently after the complete cessation of menstruation the health becomes better than it had ever been previously. According to the symptoms select Pulsatilla, Sulphur, Cocculns or Lachesis. Very important is here a proper attention to diet, exercise, clothing, &c. The food should be light and digestible, and everything of a stimulating nature carefully avoided. Daily exercise in the open air, either by walking or riding, and also bathing, will be productive of great advantage. The clothing should be warm and comfortable, and changed to suit the weather. Whites, Leucorrhoea. This term is applied to a discharge of mucus, generally whitish, proceeding from the vagina. It is of so common occurrence that many women and some- times even small children are subject to it. At first the patient notices a slight discharge of whitish matter, which escapes from the vagina drop by drop, and is unaccompanied by any unpleasant sensation. If neglected, as is most generally the case in the beginning, the discharge increases iu quantity, and in some cases it becomes excessive. The quality, too, is changed, and it becomes greenish, yellowish or of a dark- brown, almost black color, and gives rise to pains, excoriation, and ulcers of the parts. The general health also suffers ; the appetite fails ; the pulse becomes weak ; the face pale and bloated ; the eyes become dull and heavy, and are surrounded by yellowish circles ; vision is impaired ; there is constant pain in the back and loins ; lowness of spirits ; excessive debilitj', &c. The exciting causes of leucorrhoea are numerous ; anything which affects the general health may produce it ; sometimes it is owing to the presence of foreign bodies in the vagina ; some of the worst cases of the disease, for in- stance, owe their origin to a long continued use of an instrument intended to remedy falling of the womb. Such cases can never be cured until the exciting cause is removed. The disease is sometimes owing to inattention to cleanliness. In the treatment of this affection much benefit will be derived from syring- ing the parts frequently with cold water. Calcarea carb. is particularly suited to women of a lymphatic constitution, light complexion, and who have copious menstrua- tion which is liable to return too soon ; when the discharge is milky, often passes with the urine, and on lifting, and usually comes on, or is worse immediately before menstruation; is often attended by itching and burning ; shooting pains through the parts, and falling of the womb. It is also valuable in the corro- sive leucorrhoea of young children. Pulsatilla when the discharge chiefly takes place immediately CHAP. XI. DISEASES OF WOMEN. 269 before, daring and after menstruation; when produced by fright, and when occurring in young girls who have not yet menstru- ated; the discharge thick, like cream, sometimes corrosive and attended by itching of the parts. Cocculus if the discharge is mixed with blood during preg- nancy ; or like the water meat has been washed in, attended by colic and flatulency, and taking place principally before and after menstruation. Causticum against profuse leucorrhoea, having the smell of the menses, or which flows at night, attended by pain in the back and loins; sallow complexion, and excoriation of the parts. Natriim muriaticuTn, when the discharge is copious, and con- sists of transparent, whitish and thick mucus, or is acrid, with j^ellow color of the face ; also when accompanied by headache, disposition to diarrhoea, with slimy evacuations and colic. Sulphur, for inveterate cases of leucorrhcea; the discharge sometimes yellowish, burning and corrosive, and preceded by colic ; also when it results from repelled eruptions or ulcers. Remarks on Pregnancy. The woman whose lot it is to bear within herself a living being, occupies a position of the highest interest. During this period, therefore, she should consider that her most trifling actions may exert a great influence on the future physical, and we may add, moral and intellectual condition of a being bound to her by the fondest ties, • — a being that has a right to expect from her, as its parent, so far as it lies in her power to give, a sound constitution. Therefore, to realize such an object, it is the duty of the mother to pay all possible attention to her diet, txercise and chess. Diet. With regard to diet she should observe the greatest simplicity; her food should consist simply of substances of a purely nutritive nature, and everything medicinal or stimulating, such as food prepared with much season- ing, spirituous, vinous and fermented liquors, strong teas and coffe, should for the most part be avoided. 8he should also guard against taking too great a quantity of nourishment, as excesses of this'kind may give rise to dyspeptic and other troublesome symptoms ; which, besides being a source of much sufi'ering to herself, may seriously affect the health of her future offspring. Exercise. With regard to exercise, here let us say, that in order to enjoy a good degree of healt'h, it is absolutely indispensable during the term of preg- nancy. Passive exercise, such as riding in a carriage, is not only insufficient at all times, but has often been found particularly injurious towards the end of pregnancy ; and is frequently the case of premature or abnormal births. 24* 270 TREATMENT OF DISEASES, The most desirable kind of exercise is walking in the open air, such exer- cise, must not, however, interfere with the process of digestion, and is, there- fore, most suitable two or three hours after a moderate meal at noon, and during- warm weather towards evening ; care being taken to avoid the damp- ness of the night air by returning home early. Dress- The dress should be strictly suited to the season and not produce the least pressure on any part of the body ; even the garters should be worn loosely. Tiglit lacing is highly injurious ; it must be evident to the plainest understanding, that serious injury to the health of both mother and child must often result from a continual and forcible compression of the abdomen wliile nature is at work in gradually enlarging it for the accommodation and development of the foetus; and the result is, no doubt, that there are many who owe their deformities to the vanity of their mothers. Derangements during Pregnancy. Although the state of pregnancy is one perfectly natural and perfectly healthy, yet in consequence of the existence of constitutions naturally weak, and of those disordered by the excessive use of medicines prescribed under the old system, and from numerous other causes, it often happens that this condition is attended by many deviations from health, which it may be well to notice, together with the best means for removing them. The practice of bleeding, which is so prevalent among old school prac- titioners, for the general fulness of the system and tendency to congestions, especially to the head, which usually attend pregnancy, is in all cases to be deprecated, as it not only fails in effecting the object aimed at, but is besides positively injurious, inasmuch as it reduces the strength and vigor of the })atient ; thereby rendering her much more liable to miscarriages, convulsions, nervous disorders, flooding, A'C. The more judicious and intelligent of these old school physicians are abandoning this most reprehensible practice. Gene- rally a proper attention to diet and exercise as recommended in the previous articles, will prevent any serious mischief resulting from this tendency to fulness. Or in case that should be insufficient, some of the medicines recom- mended under the appropriate heads will accomplish the desired purpose. 'I'he following are some of the most common of the deviations from health which are met with during pregnancy. Mkn-stru.a.tion. — The continuance of menstruation during pregnancy, though of comparatively rare occurrence, is occasionally met with, and may be considered rather a deviation from the ordinary course of nature, than an actual disease. When a cause of suffering to women by being too long continued or pro- fuse, producing debility, or when attended by pain, some, of the following medicines may be required : Crcrns, P/a/ir,um, Cocculus, or Phosphorus. For their particular indications, and also for other remedies, see "Painful Menstruation" and "Too Copious Menstruation." Vertigo a.vd Headache. — Very often during pregnancy women are troubled with fulness, giddiness and pain in the head. Sometimes these symptoms com- mence a- early as the third or fourth week after conception. The feeling of giddiness or lightness is frequently accompanied by dulness and a disinclina- tion to active emjiloyment ; sleepiness or sometimes sleeplessness; dimness of eight after stooping ; flashes of sparks before the eyes ; disposition to fall CHAP. XI. DISEASES OF WOMEN. 271 forward when stooping; headache, with a feeling of weight on the top of the head or in the back of the neck ; palpitation of the heart ; nervousness, trem- bhngs, &c. These .symptoms are commonly worse in the morning. Aconitum is best adapted to persons of a full habit, with a florid complexion and nervous temperament, and especially if there is giddiness on rising from a seat as if intoxicated, often causing one to fall; faintness and dimness of vision on rising from a recumbent posture ; determinatiun of blood to the head, and pre.-^sure in the forehead ; stupefying pains in the head ; eyes red and sparkling, with intolerance of light; black spots before the eyes. Belladonna^ against congestion to the head, with vertigo, stag- gering and trembling ; buzzing in the ears ; intolerance of noise ; heaviness and pressive pain on top of the head or in the fore- head, over the eyes ; pain, with a sense of expansion of the head, and violent throbbing of the large .arteries of the neck; redness in the face; soreness and redness of the eyes; sparks before the eyes; objects appear double. The symptoms are mostly worse in the morning. Glonoine, see what has been said of this remedy under " Headache." Nux vomica is most suitable for women of a hasty temper, and those who are of sedentary habits, or addicted to the use of wine or coffee. The symptoms are generally aggravated in the morning, and better in the open air. It is valuable against giddiness with a feeling of confusion in the head ; with cloudi- ness of sight and buzzing in the ears; pains in the head of a tearing, drawing or jerking character, or periodical pains; con stipation, insipid or acid, bitter and putrid taste, &;c. Opium, against giddiness on rising from a stooping or sitting posture ; giddiness, with stupidity as if from a debauch ; great drowsiness; imperfect sleep, with puffed face, thick, heavy breathing, and illusions of the imagination. Platimim, if there is headache, which increases gradually until it becomes violent, and then diminishes in the same way, an:i also for headache produced by vexation or passion ; constant 272 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. disposition to spit, the saliva being tasteless or sweetist. It is particularly valuable in sufferings of nervous and hysterical women. The symptoms are worse during repose, and relieved by motion. Pulsatilla, against giddiness, which is worse after stooping, with momentary blindness and staggering, throbbing and shoot- ing pains in the head ; one-sided headache ; headache every other day. The sufferings are sometimes attended with numb ness of the limbs, are worse in the afternoon and evening, and better in the morning. It is most suitable for women of a mild disposition. Sulphur, if there is congestion of bli~)od to the head, with pul sative pains and sensation of heat in the head, vertigo and stag- gering, principally when seated, or after a meal, attended sometimes by nausea, fainting, weakness, and bleeding from the nose ; confusion of the head, with difficulty in meditating, worse in the morning or evening; one-sided headaches, or headaches occupying the top of the head, or the back part, or the forehead over the eyes, with dimness of sight; periodical or intermittent headaches, worse in the morning or evening, or at night. The oains in the head are mostly aggravated by movement, walking n the open air, and meditation. After taking the above medicines, the patient should wait several days to observe the effect. If improvement follows, nothing else should be taken as long as it continues. If the symptoms grow worse again, the same medicine should be repeated. When there is no improvement, another remedy should be selected. MoRMxa Sickness. — Xausea, vomiting, heartburn, &c., are at the same time the most common and the most distressinof accompaniments of prog- nancy. They usually begin five or six weeks after conception, and continue until the sixteenth week. After which time they generally abate or cpase entirely, in some cases, however, they continue with but slight modification to the end of pregnancy. These troublesome symptoms commonly take place immediately on rising from bed in the morning, and are often exceedingly harassing for two oi three hours. Occasionally they return again in the evening. Ipecacuanha should be given, when there is nausea and CHAP. y.I. DISEASES OF WOMEN. 273 vomiting, witb great uneasiness in the stomach and epigastrium • vomiting of drink and undigested food; bilious vomitiuo- and tendency to relaxation of the bowels. Nux vomica, when there is nausea and vomiting, chiefly in the morning, while eating, or immediately after eating or drinkino-* acid and bitter eructations and regurgitations; violent hiccough • waterbrash ; pain and sensation of weight in the pit of the stomach ; constipation, and irritable temper. Arsenicum, if there is excessive vomiting, especially after eating or drinking, with attacks of fainting; great weakness and emaciation. Pulsatilla. Nausea after eating; vomiting of food; heart- burn; eructations, acid, bitter, or with the taste of fiod; de- praved appetite, or craving for acids, wine, &c. ; whitish coated tongne. Natrum muriaticum will be useful in obstinate cases, accompa- nied by loss of appetite and taste ; constant flow of water from the mouth ; waterbrash, acid stomach ; pain and soreness at the pit of the stomach. Nux moschata, see this and Veratrum, under " Affections of the Stomach." Phosphorus will be beneficial in cases in which the symptoms are similar to those mentioned under Arsenicum, and which the latter remedy has failed to remove. Constipation. — Constipation is a very common attendant on pregnancy, especially with persons naturally of a co?tive habit. When it does not arise from a mechanical cause, it may frequently he removed by active exercise in the open air, drinking freely of cold water, and eating plentifully of cooked or ripe sweet fruits. When these means are insufficient, one or more of the following medicines may be given : Nux vomica, a dose taken in the evening for two or three evenings, or, in some cases, it may be necessary to give Bryonia, Opium, Lycopodium or Sulphur. (See "Constipation.") DiARRHCEA. — Diarrhoea occurs occasionally during pregnancy, much less frequently, however, than constipation, but is much more injurious, and means should be taken to check it speedily, otherwise the health of the woman may suffer seriously. The medicines which are mostly beneficial are: Li/cojMclium, t 274 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. Sulphur, Dulcamara^ Antimoniura crudum, Nux moschata, Pulsa- tilla and Rheum. (See " Diarrhoea.") Itching. Pruritus. — Not unfrequently daring the course of preprnancy, women are at times excessively annoyed and distressed by a very troublesome itching of the privates. Sometimes this itching arises from a vitiated condition of the mucous secre- tion of the parts, and at others it is owing to the presence of an eruption resembling the thrush of infants, which occasionally covers entirely the mucous membrane of the vagina. In other instances again, the parts assume a dark red hue, attended with great irritation and excoriation, and almost constant oozing of a thin, watery secretion, the accumulation of which is attended with the most intolerable itching. This affection is not confined alone to the pregnant state, but may occur at any time. Bri/onia, Ciirbo vegeiahili-'i, Mi-icuriu>!, Fnlsafi/Jn, Lycopodiiim, Silicea, Sid- 2)/iiir and Rhus are the chief remedies in this complaint. The cure will be much accelerated by frequently washing the parts with cold water. A solution of borax in water, applied two or three times a day. will gene- rally remove the itching in a few days ; the same result is often obtained by washing the parts with water slightly acidulated with lemon-juice. Faixtixg and Hysteric Fits — Women of a delicate constitution and ner- vous temperament are frequently attacked with fainting and hysteric^ during pregnancy. Generally the attack passes over in a short time without any bad consequences resulting. When the attacks are light, attention to dietetic rules, and plenty of exercise in the open air, will generally prevent their re- currence. But should the attacks be more severe, and these means insufficient for their removal, it may be necessary to trace the cause, and if possible remove it. Frequently they arise from tight lacing, warm rooms, &c. The speediest means of reviving a patient from fainting is to admit fresh air in abundance, and .sprinkle the face with cold water. Aconitum may be useful in preventing a return of the attacks, when they occur in individuals of a full habit. Coffea^ in nervous women, with great agitation ; spasms in the abdomen; difficult respiration; cold perspiration, &c. China, when caused by general Aveakness, particularly from hemorrhages. ChamomiUa, against hysteria which is excited by a fit of anger. Nux vomica, when those affections occur in choleric pensons, and are accompanied by derangement of the stomach. Belladmna is often useful after or in alternation with Aconi- tum,, especially when there is congestion of blood to the head. Pulsatilla is best suited to women of a mild, easy disposition, CriAP. il. DISEASES OF WOMEN. 275 and whea the attacks are attended by great excitability, with disposition to low spirits, &c. Igruitia is one of the most valuable remedies when the patient complains of severe headache, as if a nail were driven into the head ; melancholy, frequent sighing and concealed sorrow. Toothache. — Toothache is a very common affection during pregnancy, and often attacks women who are seldom subject to it at any other time. Fre- quently it is of exceedingly severe character. It most generally commences in a decayed tooth, whence it may extend to the whole set, darting along the jaw, and also to the face and head. Occasionally, however, it originates in a sound tooth, and consequently care should be taken to consult a physician previously ii, having teeth extracted. The med'cines which will be most commonly found useful to relieve the sufferings, are the following : Calcarea curb., Apium virus, Mercurius, Chamo- milla, Nux vuiiiica, Pulsatilla a.nd Sfaphisuc/ria. For the particular indica- tions governing the choice and repetition of these remedies, and also for other remedies which may be useful, see the article "Toothache," in a preceding chapter. Varicose Veins. — During pregnancy many women suffer a good deal from a distension of the veins in the lower extremities. The swelling generally commences first about the ankle, and gradually extends upwards towards the thigh ; it is frequently confined to the leg below the knee, but occasionally the veins of the entire limb are implicated. The disease may involve both limbs, or it may be confined to but one. The enlarged veins lie in general near the surface, and assume at first a reddish hue, and after continuing so for some time, become bluish or of a leaden color, and the large ones become very much knotted. They get larger when the patient is standing, or when the limb is hanging, and the swelling decreases on lying down. 'I'his disease, though occurring more frequently during pregnancy, is not confined to this state, but may take place at any time in the female, and is also met with in the male sex. The disease in the beginning is not painful, but if the swelling continues tc increase, it may become so, and the veins may ultimately burst, and a large quantity of blood be discharged, either externally, or effused below the skin. Varicose veins are generally caused by obstruction to the circulation arising from the pressure of the enlarged uterus upon the blood vessels ; their occurrence in an aggravated form, however, is indicative of constitutional debility. After delivery, the pressure being removed, the swelling gradually disap- pears, and the veins assume their natural size and appearance. Much good will often result from frequent bathing with cold water or diluted alcohol. Having the limb bandaged, or making use of the laced stocking will also attord gioat relief, especially to persons who are compelled to be much on their feet. The bandage or stocking should be applied ui the morning after rising, when there is the least swelling, beginning at the foot and prugressiug upwards with a moderate and equal pressure. 'V\\e jiatient should remain lying down in severe forms of the compla--t. Pulsatilla will in most ca&'s be found useful, especially ii" tlioe 276 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. is much swelling of the veins and of the whole limb, with great pain and more or less inflammation, or when the veins, and sometimes the entire limb, assume a bluish color. Arnica^ given alternately with Pulsatilla, is very efficacious in some cases. Lachesis may follow Puhatilla when the latter has produced some relief of the pain and swelling, but the discoloration still remains. Nux vomica, when attended with constipation, hemorrhoids and irritable temper. Arsenicum, when with the symptoms mentioned under Pul- satilla, there are severe burning pains. Carbo vegetabilis for the same symptoms as the laj;ter when that has been insufficient. Lycopodium in cases of long standing after the failure of other remedies. Hemorhiiotds or Piles. — This afiFection frequently occurs in women during pretrnancy who are not subject to it at any other time. This is chiefly owing to the pressure of the enlarged uterus on the contents of the abdomen caus- ing more or less inactivity of the bowels, and obstruction to the circulation. The appropriate treatment to pursue in this troublesome complaint, will bo found under the heading of " Hemorrhoids" in the pre:eding chapter. Pains in the Back and Side during Pregnancy. — Women often suffer very much from pains in the lower part of the back during pregnancy. Occa- sionally the pain is seated deep in the right side under the ribs. They are usually most troublesome from the iifth to the eighth month. The sensation experienced is that of an almost indescribable aching, or of a dull heavy pres- sure, as if caused by a dead weight resting on the part affected. When ii. the side, it is attended with a feeling of heat. For the pains in the back, benefit will be derived from the use of Bryonia, Hhus, Belliuhmna, J'nlsuiilla, Nux vomica, Causticitm, or Snlphvr. For that in the side Aconitum, Chamomilla, Pulsatilla, or Phosphorus will be most serviceable. Cramps. — Cramps in the legs, abdomen, hips, or back, are common accom- paniments of pregnancy, and when present, are exceedingly painful and annoying. The remedies best calculated to remove cramps in the legs, which are most common, are : Colocynthis, Hyoscyamus, Calcarea carb., Chamomilla, Kua vomica, or Sulphur. Those of the back : Ignatia, Phus, or Opium. Those of the abdomen : Kux ir mica, Pulsatilla, Belladonna, Uyoscyavius, or Colocynthis. CHAP. XI. DISEASES OF WOMEN. 277 Incontinence of Urine. — Frequent desire to void the urine, or total in- ability to retain it, are by no means of uncommon occurrence during pregnancy, and are extremely distressing to the patient. The following remedies will generally afford relief: Pulsatilla, Belladonna, China, Silicea, or Stramonium. Depression of Spirits. — This unhappy state of mind, in which the patient imagines that she is aiflicted with "all the ills that flesh is heir to," and that she will certainly never survive her approaching confinement, is often aggra- vated by meddlesome persons relating accounts of dreadful accidents and unfortunate terminations of labors, which in all probability never happened. The patient may be much benefitted under these circumstances by the cheerful conversation of judicious friends, exercise in the open air, proper attention to rules of diet, &c. And also by taking one or more of the fol- lowing medicines. Aconitum^ if depression results from fright, and fear of death is the most. prominent symptom. Belladonna^ if there is great agitation and restlessness at night ; fear of ghosts ; fear and disposition to run away and hide ; involuntary laughter; disposition to laugh or sing, or to fall into a passion and rave ; frightful visions ; indisposition for exertion, &c. Pulsatilla^ against depression, with sadness and weeping; uneasiness in the pit of the stomach ; sleeplessness ; she imagines herself to be oppressed with a multitude of cares ; dislike to con- versation ; headache and heartburn. Sulphur. Lowness of spirits, with great anxiety on the sub- ject of religion; despair of eternal salvation; forgetful n ess of proper names and of words when about to speak them ; dispo- sition to get angry. Miscarriage. Abortion. — Women are liable to miscarry at any period of pregnancy : it occurs most frequently, however, about the third, or the begin- ning of the fourth month. When it takes place before or about this period, it is not very dangerous, though repeated miscarriages, from the profuse dis- charge with which they are mostly accompanied, impair the constitution, and very often engender some chronic malady. Miscarriages occurring at a later period are much more serious, and frequently highly dangerous to the sufferer. Females who have miscarried once, are exceedingly liable to its recurrence, which liability is greatly increased, if it have occurred two or three times. The most common causes of miscarriage are: mechanical injuries, as a fall or blow, &c.; sudden and powerful mental emotions; the abuse of purgative drugs; great physical exertion; too free use of stimulating food and drinks; Deglect to take air and exercise ; late hours, kc. 25 278 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. The following symptoms generally precede and attend this affection : cfiil- liness followed by more or less fever and bearing-down pains; severe pains in the abdomen; cutting pains in the loins, or pains resembling labor pains; discharge of mucus and blood, sometimes of a red color, at others dark and clotted, followed by the flow of a thin fluid. The miscarriage generally takes place along with this discharge, which, if not stopped by appropriate means, may continue for hours, and endanger the life of the patient. In cases of threatened miscarriage the patient should immediately lie down, and remain so until the danger is passed ; or, in case the miscarriage has taken place, she should still remain in this position for a few days to guard against a fresh discharge, which is more liable to occur in the upright posture. Arnica^ when the symptoms arise from a foil, blow, violent concussion, overlifting, or great physical exertion of any kind, this medicine should be given immediately. Apium virus is suitable as well to prevent miscarriage as to stop the bleeding following it; if there is a bearing down; trouble in making water ; headache ; rush of blood to the head ; an eruption with burning and stinging; the parts below the short ribs feel as if bruised; the whole abdomen sensitive; pain in the back ; particularly for women, usually of a changeable, lively and gay disposition, but who have now become passionate and jealous. Ghamomilla, when there are periodical pains resembling those of labor, and each pain is followed by a discharge of dark- colored or coagulated blood, or of blood and mucus mixed ; also for violent pains in the bowels extending around the sides, accompanied by a sensation as if an evacuation of the bowels or bladder were about to take place ; frequent yawning; coldness and shivering, with thirst. Nux moschata, if the blood is very dark, thick and if it increases constantly in quantity, with bearing down, nausea, drawing in the legs, urine burning; for women of a ch.ingeable disposition, whose nien.struation has generally been irregular, who have a cool, dry skin, cannot bear the open air, and have a Weak stomach. Secede is valuable, after miscarriage has occurred, especially in dibilitated person.s, or when the discharge consists of dark liquid blood and the pains are but slight. Crocus is particularly serviceable in cases in which there is a CHAP. XI. DISEASES OF WOMEN. 279 discharge of dark, clotted blood, wliicli is increased hy the least exertion, with a feeling of fluttering, or as if something was moving about in the region of the navel. It may be used with advantage in protracted cases, after other remedies have been administered unsuccessfully. Ipecactianha against abortion attended with spasms but with- out loss of consciousness; profuse and continuous discharge of bright red blood, accompanied with pressure downwards, cutting pains round the navel; nausea or vomiting ; disposition to faint- ncss ; chills and heat. Belladonna is especially useful in the commencement, and also subsequently when there are violent pains in tlie loins and the entire abdomen; severe bearing down as if all the intestines were about to be forced out; pain in the small of the back as if it were broken ; pale or flushed face; profuse discharge of blood, neither very bright, nor dark-colored. Myoscyamus against miscarriage attended with spasms or con- vulsions of the whole body, with loss of consciousness ; dis- charge of light red blood; the symptoms are mostly worse at night. Platinum is useful when there is discharge of dark, thick or clotted blood ; pains in the back which pass into the groins, and pressing or bearing down internally towards the privates, which are very sensitive. It is sometimes serviceable after Ipecacuanha. China is particularly valuable in weak and exhausted persons; also when there is blood discharged at intervals, with bearing down pain: or against spasmodic pains in the uterus; giddi- ness, drowsiness, fainting; loss of consciousness and coldness of the extremities. This remedy is most useful in restoring the energies of the patient, and removing the remaining symptoms after the discharge has ceased. Ferriim is useful in cases of abortion accompanied by fever, pains like those of labor, and discharge of blood. Nux vomica and Bryonia may be given with advantage in cases attended with troublesome constipation. « 280 TKEATMENT OF DISEASES. Floodino, during pregnancy, or at delivery. Not only the common domestic remedies, but also those ordinarily pre- scribed by old-school physicians, do more harm than good, even when they give relief for a period ; cold water, for instance, frequently induces inflam- mation, particulary after the birth of the child, and its application is, conHO- quently dangerous; rubbing with ether causes nervous affections; alum produces induration and other bad symptoms. The introduction into the vagiiuv of pieces of linen (the tampon) is seldom of much benefit, as the bleed- ing will still continue internally. When an accident of this kind occurs, the woman should lie down quietly, should move as little as possilile, her mind be kept free from care, and the greatest quietness be preserved in the room and in the house. At the same time tie handkeicliiefs around the upper part of the thighs, silk ones are preferable; also around the upper part of the arms. A few mouthfuls of water, and if the face becomes pale, with fainting, a few drops of wine are of great service. The smelling of vinegar, rubbing it on the nose, temples, &c., is also bene- ficial, only take care not to deluge the patient with it, but only take about a teaspoonful in your hand, or dip your finger into it, that the smell of the vinegar may afterwards be removed with facility. In long continued flooding with females of more advanced age, when not in childbed, it is best to avoid all warm drinks for a year, and instead, to drink milk five or six times a day, which has been cooled in the cellar, or is a little soured. In these fioodiflga, it is necessary, if possible, to procure a homoeopathic physician. During pregnancy or after delivery, tincture of cinnamon is sometimes of use; put a drop into half a teacup of water, stir it up well, and give a tea- spoonful as often as the hemorrhage becomes worse ; this remedy may be given when the flooding is caused by lifting, carrying, over-reaching, or a false step. If the tincture is not at hand, a piece of cinnamon may be chewed. If this does not soon produce a salutary etiect, give sugar, and when the burn iug sensation is passed, Aratca. Arnica, in all cases ai'ising from meclianical injuries, such as a fall, blow, lifting or carrying heavy weights, false-steps, over- reaching, &c. Ipecacuanha. Very copious continued flooding, particularly when occurring during pregnancy; the blood flowing regularly without interruption, with cutting pains around the navel ; great pressure and bearing-down; chills and coldnees of the body; feeling of heat rising into the head; great weakness and inclina- tion to lie down. This is also a most important remedy in flooding after delivery. Chamomilla may be given after the latter remedy when that has produced little or no improvement, or when the flooding is accompanied by pains resembling labor pains. Bryonia, when dark red blood is discharged in great quanti- ties, with violent pressive pain ii the small of the back, and CHAP. XI. DISEASES OF WOMEN. 281 headache, particularly in the temples, as if the he^J would burst and constipation. China is very important in the most dangerous cases ; when heaviness of the head, giddiness, loss of consciousness, and drowsiness appear ; for sudden weakness, fainting, coldness of the extremities, paleness of the face, convulsions of the mouth, contortions of the eyes, or when the face and hands turn blue, or single jerks pass through the whole body. While givino' this remedy the abdomen may be rubbed gently, or cloths dipped into vinegar or water be applied to it, and a few drops of wine may be given afterwards. It is also of use when the blood escapes by starts, with spasms or pains like labor-pains in the womb, passing to the anus; the discharge increasing with every pain. Likewise when accompanied by colic, frequent urging to make water, and sore tension of the abdomen. China is always serviceable for the debility or other troublesome symptoms, which frequently remain after the flooding has ceased. Hyoscyavfius^ for flooding attended by pains resembling labor- pains, with drawing in the thighs and small of the back, or in the limbs ; heat over the whole body, with a quick or full pulse; swelling of the veins on the back of the hand or in the face ; great uneasiness ; excessive liveliness; trembling over the whole body, or numbness of the limbs; loss of consciousness, darkness before the eyes ; delirium ; twitching in the sinews or in the muscles of the extremities ; jerking in one or the other of the limbs, alternating with stiffness of the joints. Belladonna^ when the blood discharged is neither particularly dark, nor light-colored, with pressure in the privates, as if they would fall out ; violent pains in the small of the back, as if it would break; pale or flushed face; dulness ; heat about the head ; palpitation of the heart, and thirst. Platinum^ when the discharge is dark and thick, but not clotted ; the pain in the back drawing towards the groins, with pressing-down internall}^ towards the privates, which are ex- 25* 282 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. cessively sensitive. This remedy is particularly applicable to cases of flooding produced by any violent mental emotion. Ferrum, when the blood is sometimes black and clotted ; at others liquid, with pains like labor-pains ; the face usually red ; China follows Ferrum advantageously. Apium virus and Nux moschata ; see above under " Mis- carriage." Smelling saffron is also beneficial in some instances. Pkeparatio.v of the Breasts. — By paying a proper attention to the breasts before confinement, motliers will in many instances save themselves much suffering after delivery from sore nipples, gathered breasts, &c. As pregnancy progresses, the breasts gradually increase in size, in order to be fitted for tht-ir future important functions, and especially in first pregnancy; the parts immediately around the nipples become of a darker hue and the nip- ples themselves larger and more prominent. This development is frequently accompanied with more or less pain and soreness. The most common affec- tions to which the nipples are subject, are, excoriation, cracks, inflammation, Bcaly eruptions, and small abscesses. The structure of the breasts is some times irreparably injured by ignorant nurses squeezing them in childhooi' with the erroneous notion that such a process was \iecessary to expel some matter contained in them. Serious injury, also, often results from pressure occasioned by wearing stays iu after life. For several weeks previous to delivery the entire breast and chest should be bathed with cold water daily, and afterwards well dried and rubbed with coarse towels. If there is tenderness or slight excoriation, much benefit will be de'rived from bathing with diluted tincture of Arnica, or brandy, twice a day. "When a high degree of inflammation of the nipples exist, with aching or acute pains, shooting into the mamma, the internal administration of Aconite or Cha/iujmil/a, will generally afl'ord relief. In some instances ISilicea or iSul- phur may be required. The swelling, burning, itching, cracks, eruptions and small abscesses will be removed by Lycopodiuin, Mercurius, Hepar or Sulp/nir. False Pains. — Women frequently suffer previously to the setting-in of labor, with what is termed false pains. Generally these pains precede labor but a few hours; occasionally, however, they come on some days or even weeks before delivery. They differ from labor pains chiefly in the irregiilarity of their recurrence, in being unconnected with uterine contractions, and principally confined to the abdomen, which is tender to ]>ressMre and movement, and in not increas- ing in intensity as they return. In some instances it is exceedingly difficult to discrimiiiate between them and genuine labor pains. In such cases the period of pregnancy will be the chief guide; and when they come on a week or two before labor is expected, they should be checked by the administration of a suitable remedy. The exciting causes of these pains are congestion of blood to the uterus, a chill affecting the abdoiren, mental emotions, errors in diet, clothing, &c. CHAP. XI. DISEASES OF WOMEN. 283 Bryonia is most suitable when the symptoms have arisen in consequence of a fit of passion, and consist of pains in the abdo- men, followed by dragging pains in the back and loins ; consti- pation, and irritable temper. They are aggravated by motion. Nux vomica^ against pains in the abdomen and back, like those under Bryonia^ also when there are pains as if from a bruise in the region of the pubes; constipation. The pains occur cliiefly at night. Applicable to passionate persons, and especially when the exciting cause appears to be indulgence in stimulants, such as highly seasoned food, wine, coffee, &c. Pulsatilla. Pains in the abdomen; pains in the loins, as if from continued stooping, with a feeling of stiffness and painful dragging and aching in the thighs, constipation or diarrhoea; most applicable to mild tempered persons, and when arising from eating rich or fat, indigestible food. Dulcamara, when the pains originate from cold, the effects of chill or dampness, and are acute and violent in their charac- ter, and seated in the small of the back ; coming on or aggra- vated at night. Aconitum is most suitable for young persons of a full habit ; when the pains are attended with a full, strong and frequent pulse, with congestion to the head, flushed face and hot skin. Belladonna, for symptoms similar to the last, and after or in alternation with that remedy; and also when the pains are spasmodic in their character. Labor. Child-Birth. When natural, the labor generally takes place at the end of the ninth month of pregnancy. The pains come on at regular intervals of lunger or shorter tluration, gradually increase in intensity, and tlie whole process is completed iu from four to six hours. Frequently, however, a longer time is required, the sufferings continuing for twenty-four hours, or eveu a greater length of time ; and in other instances again, the labor may not last over half an hour or an hour, it may indeed be terminated by two or three pains — though these latter instances are rare. The ordinary and most correct mode of " reckoning," to fix the time of labor, is from the last menstrual period — two hundred and eighty days, or furty weeks, from the last menstruation to labor. Other modes, which are le.-^s cer- tain, but which may be useful in assisting to form a reckoning in cases in which there is any uncertainty about the la^st menstrual period, are : the commence- 284 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. ment of morning sickness, which generally sets in about six weeks after con- ception, and qxiickeninrf, which usually takes place at four and a half months, or twenty weeks, from conception. Towards the latter end of pregnancy the child sinks lower down in the abdomen, and the woman becomes smaller round the waist than she had been for some weeks previously. Labor is often preceded by agitation, nervous tremblings, disposition to shed tears, lowuess of spirits, &c. Looseness of the bowels for a day or two before labor, is also a common symptom and should not be interfered with. Flying pains through the abdomen, and frequent inclination to pass water, followed by a slight discharge of reddish mucus, called "a show," usher ia the regular labor pains. AVere it not for the acquired habits of civilized life, such as tight-lacing, improper diet, want of proper air and exercise, &c.,we would find child-bear- ing to be comparatively free from the suffering and danger which now so commonly accompany it. It is almost unattended with pain among savage tribes ; and those healthy, regular women among us, who pay more attention to the natural development of their frames than they do towards forming what some call " a fine figure," are seldom afflicted with the long train of ills, which custom has almost led us to consider the natural concomitants of child-bearing. Protracted Labors. — Cases frequently occur in which labor is protracted much beyond the usual period, or is attended with a great deal of suffering; BUch labors are more likely to take place with women in their first confine- ment, who are already somewhat advanced iu life, and those of a slender form and highly nervous and sensitive habit. The sufferings in these cases may be greatly alleviated by having recourse to the following medicines : Coffea will generally prove serviceable when the pains are in- efi'ectual and extremely violent, following each other in quick succession, and attended by great agitation, restlessness and tossing about. Aconitum^ when the above remedy is insufficient, or when the patient has been in the habit of drinking coffee frequently as a beverage. Cliamomilla, after the above, if required, especially if there is great mental excitement; excessive sensibility to pain; anguish and discouragement. Belladonna will be of great value in tedious cases of labor arising from a rigid or unyielding state of the parts, which is most liable to occur in the first labor of elderly women ; and especially so when this rigidity appears to be owing to spasms of the neck of the uterus. This remedy is also useful when the labor pains become feeble or cease entirely, after having been extremely violent for some hours. CHAP. XI. DISEASES OF WOMEN. 285 Nux vomica, when the labor is protracted from the irregularity and insufficiency of the pains, and there is constant inclination to evacuate the bladder and rectum. Nux moschata, if the pains are very irregular, like cramps, not strong ; and if the woman has taken cold and has a cool, dry skin. Opium should be given, if the pains cease suddenly, and con- gestion of blood to the head, with redness of the face, stupor and snoring take place. Pulsatilla, when the pains are feeble, and occur at long inter- vals, or when they diminish in strength and frequency as if from insufiicient contractile power in the uterus ; when the labor pains are attended by spasms of the stomach and vomiting, or with acute pains in the back and loins, and painful drawing sen- sation in the thighs. Secale will be beneficial in cases similar to the latter, when that remedy has not proved efficient in increasing the activity of the uterine contractions. During the progress of labor, the use of drugs and stimulants of every kind should be carefully avoided, as they all prove more or less injurious. Spirituous liquors are objectionable on account of their accelerating the circulation, and thereby increasing the danger of too great hemorrliage ; ch:t- momile tea, from its tendency to produce metrorrhagia ; coffee, from its causing high nervous excitement; opium retards delivery by its sedative property ; and all drugs and ptisans are in fact more or less of a stimulating or irritative nature, and therefore objectionable. Spasmodic Pains, Cramps and Convulsions. — In complicated labors we occasionally find spasmodic pains set in, which cause considerable suffering, and often materially retard the delivery. For these affections the following remedies will be most efficient : Chamomilla, if there are very acute pains, mostly of a cutting description, extending from the region of the loins to the hypo- gastrium, and attended with spasmodic convulsions, redness of the face, particularly of one cheek, with great sensitiveness of the nervous system, and exQitement. Belladonna^ when there are excessively violent bearing-down pains, attended with convulsive movements of the limbs ; great agitation and constant tossing; congestion to the head, with 283 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. tlirobbing and distension of the blood vessels; red and bloated face, and profuse sweating. Hyoscijamns, against severe convulsions with loss of conscious- ness, great anguish and cries, with oppression of the chest. Stramoninm,, against tremblings of the limbs, and convulsions Avithout loss of consciousness. Ignatia, when there is a confused feeling in the head ; spas- modic and compressive pains, with sensation of suftbcation ; convulsions. Ipecacuanha. Spasmodic convulsions ; paleness or bloated- ness of the face; nausea or vomiting. Cocculus, crainp.^ or convulsions of the limbs or whole body; cramps in the lower part of the abdomen, with heat, redness and pufline.ss of the face. Treatment after Delivery. The patient should be kept perfectly quiet, both in body and mind, after delivery ; everything which may have a tendency to excite her, such as noise, strong light and odors, even loud talking, should be carefully guarded against. After the lapse of an hoar or two, if no untoward symptoms exist, she may be ' changed," and " have her bed made." The bandage should be applied iuimedialc'ly after delivery, and without disturbing the patient. If the labor has been at all difficult, and the patient complains of general soreness, a few doses of Ar7iica may be administered. Much benefit will also be derived, in case there is much local pain or soreness, from the external application of a lotion pre- pared by mixing about twenty drops of the Tincture of Arnica in half a tumbler of water. The nervous excitement which is apt to follow delivery, and prevent the patient from procuring the sleep she so much needs, will generally be removed by a dose or two of Goffea^ or, should ii fail and any febrile symptoms be present, Aconitum will usually suffice. Flooding after Delivery. — Directions for the appropriate treatment of this affection will be found under the heading of "Flooding." CHAP. XI. DISEASES OF WOMEN. 287 The medicines of most value are China^ Chamomilla, Orociu, Platinum, Belladonna, and Tincture of Cinnamon. AFT.ER-PAiNs.--Very few females escape the suffering occasioned by these extremely annoying iiains, although they are of rare occurrence with first children. Generally they become more and more sevore after each succes- sive labor; and in some women of nervous temperament, who have borne several children, they are very distressing, while others may have a number of children and never experience any suffering of consequence from them. In most instances, the administration of one or more of the following remedies will greatly relieve, or remove them entirely : Arnica, when the pains are not very violent, and are accom- panied with a feeling of soreness, with pressure on the bladder and retention of urine. Chamomilla, if Arnica proves insufficient, and the patient is nervous and excitable, with great restlessness, tossing about, &c. Niix vomica, after or alternately with Chamomilla, will often be serviceable, especially when the pains are of an aching or of a violent colicky description, and occur in choleric persons. Coffea is valuable, when there is nervous excitement, and the pain is exceedingly violent in its character, or when the pains are followed by convulsions, with coldness and rigidity of the body. Pulsatilla is indicated in persons of a mild and gentle dispo- sition, when the pains do not return very fi-equently, but are protracted and continue for several days. Belladonna will be useful in cases attended with much bearing- down ; fulness about tlie head ; disposition to sleep : tenderness and fulness of the abdomen. Secale, and Cuprum, have been recommended highly for after pains of the most violent description (occurring in females who have borne many children. Secale, if the patient comjilains of burning, and cannot bear warmth. Arsenicum if she complains of burning, but feels better from warmth. Ajnmn virus f )r great weakness, particularly after every slight exertion ; if she cannot bear a closed room, particularly not a 288 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. heated one ; if the whole abdomen is tender, and the region below the short ribs as if beaten and bruised. Duration of Confinement. — The mother should i-emain in bed for the first five or six days after delivery ; after that she may rise daily and sit up awhile, at first not longer than while her bed is making, but gradually sit up a longer time. The diet during this time should be light, consisting chiefly of gruel, panada, farina, toast and black tea or other articles of a similar kind; and everything stimulating, both food and drinks, and all strong odors from flowers or other aromatic substance? should be scrupulously avoided. The first ten days should be mostly spent in bed, or at least in a half-recumbent posture, during which time but few visitors should be admitted. After this period, if the woman feels pretty strong, she may walk about her room, but should not leave it before the expiration of the second week; and ought not to attempt to go up or down stairs until the end of the third week after confinement. Some women may be allowed to go about sooner than we have mentioned, whilst others require a longer period to recover from the effects of their confinement, but the physician will be able to judge when it is prudent to allow his patient to resume her ordinary mode of life Irregularities of the Lochial Discharge. — The discharges which takes place after confinement, are called lochia, and vary considerably in different t'emales, sometimes they are thin and scanty, and cease in a few days, at others they continue for several weeks, and are so profuse as almost to amount to a hemorrhafro. In the majority of instances, however, they cease about the tenth day. In color and consistence they at first resemble menstruation, but gradually grow lighter colored, lose the redness entirely, and become succes- sively yellowish and whitish before their final cessation. When this discharge continues too long, or is too profuse, and also when it is checked suddenly, or suppressed from exposure to cold, errors of diet, or other cause, medical assistance is required. Crocus is indicated when the discharge is too long continued in too great quantity, and consists of dark-colored or black blood of viscid consistency. Aconitum is aLso valuable in too profuse lochial discharges of a deep red color, and will frequently be found sufficient of itself CHAP. XI DISEASES OF WOMEN. 289 to check them in two or three days without the administration of any other remedies. Should Acomtum be insufficient, Calcarea carbomca may follow it with advantage, especially if the discharge be attended with a sensation of itching in the uterus. Bryonia will be beneficial in cases of suppressed lochia, ac- companied by headache ; fulness and heaviness in the head, with pressure in the forehead and temples ; throbbing in the head, aching in the small of the back, and scanty discharge of urine. It is also useful when the lochia are too profuse in quantity and of a deep red color, with internal burning pains in the region of the uterus. Pulsatilla will be most serviceable for sudden suppression of the lochia, from mental emotions, exposure to dampness, or any accidental cause, particularly if it is followed by fever either with or without thirst; headache confined to one side ; coldness of the feet; frequent desire to pass water. The symptoms are generally worse towards evening, and better in the morning. This remedy is also useful when the discharge is too scanty without being entirely suppressed. Dulcamara will be useful in cases of suppression occasioned by exposure to cold or dampness, and may either precede or folhjw Pulsatilla advantageously. Opium and also Aconitum, have been recommended for sup- pression arising from fright, and attended by congestion to the head. Platinum^ for suppression consequent upon some mental emo- tion, and accompanied by dryness and over-sensitiveness of the sexual orsrans. Belladonna will be serviceable when the discharge continues loo long and becomes thin and offensive, producing -excoriation of the parts. Sccnle has also been recommended under the same cir- cumstances. Milk Fever. — Usually about twelve or twenty-four hours after delivery, milk makes its appearance ; it mav, however, be present at the time of, or u 2^ 290 TREATMENT OP DISEASlflS. even previous to delivery, or it may not appear until a later period than the third day. The coming of this secretion is frequently attended by so much Buffering as to require medical attention. The following medicines will be found useful, when administered according to the indications mentioned under each. Arnica, given internally and the diluted tincture applied to the breast in the form of a lotion once or twice a day, will be beneficial when there is much distension, with soreness or hardness. Aconitum, if there is much fever, with hot, dry skin ; redness of the face; breasts hard and knotted; restlessness; anxiety and discouragement, Bryonia, after the latter, when the symptoms have been but partly removed by that remedy, and especially if there is oppres- sion of the chest, violent pain in the head, and constipation. Belladonna may be given after or in alternation with Bryonia^ when the latter has not been sufficient to remove the symptoms entirely. ' Chamomilla will have the preference when there is much ner- vous excitement, with restlessness; tenderness of the breasts, and inflamed nipples. Pulsatilla, in severe cases, when there is great distension of the breasts, with soreness and rheumatic pains extending to the muscles of the chest, shoulders, under the arms, &c. A timely administration of this remedy will in many instances prevent a threatened attack of child- bed fever. Rhus toxicodendron, in cases similarto the latter, with rheumatic pains throughout the system; swelling, heat, and hardness of the breasts ; headache ; stiffness of the joints, and general constitu- tional disturbance. A common and good local application to the breasts, is to bathe them with hot lard and afterwards cover them with raw cotton. Suppressed Secretion of Milk. — When from sudden and powerful mental emotions, exposure to cold or dampness, or any cause whatever, the secretion of milk has been suddenly checked and is followed by some internal or local congestion, determination of blood to the head, and the usual train of symp- toms which constitute child-bed fever, the immediate administration of Pulsa- til In will frequently be found sufficient to check the disease at the outset and restore the flow of milk. If any unpleasant symptoms still remain, they will IQ most cases yield to the administration of Calcarea carbonica. CHAP. XI. DISEASES OF WOMEN. 291 If real fever, dry, hot skin, quick, hard pulse, &c., makes its appearance, Aronihun should be given, until some amelioration of the symptoms take place. When along with the above symptoms there is great restlessnesB and nervous excitement, benefit will be derived from giving Aconitum and Coffea alternately. In some cases Bryonia, Belladonna, Rhus, Arsenicum or Sulphurn\&y be called for. Excessive Secretion of Milk. — It sometimes happens that the secretiou of milk is too abundant, causing painful distension of the breasts and involun- tary emission of milk, followed by emaciation and debility. In cases of this description, Calcarea carbonica will generally give relief, or, if it should fail. Phosphorus or Rhus. Involca'tary Emission of Milk.— Occasionally females are very much annoyed for some time after confinement by the constant escape of the milk, which keeps them continually wet, and makes them very liable to take cold on the slightest exposure. Unless it is owing to some organic defect of the nipple, the following reme- dies will generally relieve it. China, when it is caused by debility from loss of fluids. Rhus, if from over-distension in consequence of excessive secretion of milk. Calcarea carbonica, or FulsatiUa, may also be useful in some instances. Diarrhcea during Confinement. — Diarrhoea in lying-in women is a state to be looked on as highly injurious, and means should be taken to remove it as speedily as possible. Dulcamara will generally be sufficient, when tlie diarrhoea has been caused by a check of perspiration, produced by chill from exposure to cold or dampness ; if the diarrhoea is worse in the afternoon or at night, the pains cease after an evacuation. Pulsatilla^ if accompanied by much ineflfectual straining, if it makes the parts sore, or if there is only a discharge of mucus with pain in the anus, chilliness ; the diarrhoea occurs mostly in the night, or early in the morning. Hyoscyamus, when the evacuations are painful or involun- tary. Ehetim, if the stools smell sour or foetid ; if there is much straining and pain after an evacuation ; mostly towards night; if there is great weakness and fear of death. Antimonmm cruclum, if worse in the night and early in the morning ; tongue coated white, with eructations ; for women who are easily moved, or who are morose. Secale for offensive, very weakening diarrhoea. 292 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. Phosphoric acid, in obstinate, protracted cases, when the di3 charge is watery, or painless and almost involuntary. See also the article " Diarrhoea," in a preceding chapter, for other remediea which may be required. Constipation. — It is natural for the bowels to remain inactive for a few days after delivery, and nothing should be given to disturb this state, as it is at all times a good symptom and serves to promote the strength of the patient. Purgative medicines should in no case be given during confinement, as they can do no good whatever, and are often highly injurious to the patient. If, after the lapse of five or six days, the patient complains of fulness of the head or pain in the bowels, a dose or two of Bryonia will generally bring about an evacuation and afford relief. Should this be insufBcient, Kiix vomica, Sul- phtir, or some other of the remedies recommended under " Constipation," may be given. If after waiting a day or two, no evacuation takes place, give an injection of lukewarm water. Retention of Urine. — Sometimes after delivery, particularly with first children and in difficult labors, there is retention or painful emission of urine. The administration of one of the following remedies will generally afford relief: Arnica, Pulsatilla, Cepa, Belludoima or Nux vomica. See Chap. X. Sitting over a pan which contains warm water, will often have the desired effect. Sore Nipples. — The chief difficulty in the way of healing sore nipples, arises from their being constantly torn open afresh by the efforts of the child in sucking. In the majority of cases, if proper attention is paid to the preparation of the breasts previous to confinement, by bathing them with cold water or a weak solution of Tincture of Arnica, as recommended under the heading of " Pre- paration of the Breasts," this soreness may be prevented. When, however, there is a tendency to tenderness and excoriation, the in- ternal administration of Arnica, and bathing the nipples with a solution consisting of about ten drops of the Tinciire of Aniicn to half a tumbler of water, several times daily, will mostly remove it. Should this be insufficient, it will be necessary to resort to Sulphur, Calcarea carbunica, or some other remedies calculated to correct the constitutional taint to which this disease generally owes its origin. Washing the nipples with cold water every time the child has taken the breast, and then sprinkling them with powdt-red gum Arabic, or still better with finely powdered white sugar, will be found very beneficial. Sulphur, when the nipples are sore and chapped, with deep fissures around the base, which bleed and burn like fire. Calcarea, in cases similar to Sulphur, when the latter fails to relieve. Nux vomica for soreness of the nipples with painful excoriation of the ad- jacent parts. In obstinate cases, Lycopodium, Mercurius and Silicea will be found valuable. Gathered Breasts. — Inflammation and suppuration of the breasts are liable to occur during the whole period of nursing, and may arise from numerous causes, such as cold, passion, fright, bruise, &c. Putting the child too late to the breast, or the sudden stoppage of suckling — from death of the CHAP. XI. DISEASES OF WOMEN. 293 child or other reasons — frequently occasions distensions of the breast followed by inflammation and formation of abscesses. The most effectual means of preventing suppuration is to keep the breasts well drawn ; if the child is unable to do this, nipple-glasses, a common tobacco pipe, or still better the lips of a nurse, or another adult person, should be made use of. Bryonia is the principal remedy in the commencement, espe- cially when the breasts become swollen, hard and feel heavy, with shooting pains, dry skin, thirst, and other febrile symp- toms. Belladonna, after or alternately with Bryonia, when there is much swelling and hardness of the breasts ; shooting and tearing pains, and redness of the skin, sometimes like erysipelas. These two remedies will generally be sufficient to effect a cure ; if, how- ever, some degree of hardness still remain, Mercurius should be given, and repeated a few times, at intervals of ten or twelve hours. Hepar, when suppuration has already commenced, which may be known by the appearance of throbbings, frequently preceded by a chill. Phosphorus, when there is profuse discharge of matter, after or in alternation with Hepar. Silicea, in cases in which the discharge becomes fetid, thin and watery, and comes from several openings, which are not disposed to heal. Sulphur, in inveterate cases, when there is profuse discharge of matter, with emaciation, fever, &c. Weakness from Nursing — If the mother cannot sleep well, feels bad in the morning, has no appetite, or perspires much, commences to cough, and is very sensitive to the least breath of air, give China. Her food ought to be altered too, she must eat grits made of barley or oats, chocolate and par- ticularly lentils. If her breath begins to smell feverish, she ought to eat sago, arrow-root or similar things with sugar and drink a little wine, especially in the morning and evening. She should take something nourishing early in the morning and between meals. The child must not be kept on the breast the whole night, it should be accustomed to sleep and nurse at certain regular times. Falling off of the Hair.— Some females, while nursing, suffer from a falling off of the hair of the head. The following remedies will be found useful : Sulphur, Lycopodmm or Calca- rea.' Ihey may be repeated once or twice a week, beginning with Sulphur. 26* 294 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. CHAPTER XII TREATMENT OP INFANTS. Reception at Birth. When the child is born before the arrival of the physician, it should be removed a little out of the discharges, so as to enable it to broathe freely ; and if the cord is coiled around the neck, limbs, or any part of the body, it should be immediately disengaged, in order that the circulation between the mother and child may not be obstructed before respiration is fully established in the latter. The mouth and nostrils should also be cleansed from mucus ; the readiest method of doing this is with a piece of fine linen or muslin, wrapped round the finger. If, after these things are attended to, the child begins to cry strongly, and the skin changes from a dull or leaden hue to a pink or rose color, there is no further cause for alarm, as both mother and child may remain in this condition without danger. As soon as the respiration of the child is fully established, and the pulsa- tions in the chord have ceased, the child may be removed from the mother, provided there is any person at hand willing to undertake it. The c.ird should be tied in two places, the first ligature at about an inch and a half from the abdomen of the child, the second three-fourths of an inch from the first, and the cord cut between the two, using for this purpose a pair of scissors. The best ligature is one made of sewing thread, by twisting several threads together ; a piece of narrow tape, however, or round bobbin, sufficiently strong, will answer. It should be passed but once around the cord, tied firmly in a hard knot, and the ends cut off. The child may then be taken up, by placing one hand under the head and shoulders, and taking hold of the feet with the other, and wrapped in a blanket or sheet moderately warmed and prepared for this purpose. Apparent Death. In case the new-born infant does not breathe in a few minutes after delivery, and is apparently dead, means should be immediately taken to revive it. The body and limbs should be wrapped in warm cloths — flannel is preferable — and the hands and the chest gently rubbed with a piece of flannel. If, after a short time, pulsation can be felt in the cord, and the beatings of the child's heart become perceptible, respiration will soon be fully established, and nothing more need he done. But if, after continuing these eflbrts for five or ten minutes, no pulsation can be felt, the cord should be cut, and the child immersed in a warm bath, being careful to keep the face out of the water. In this bath rub and squeeze the chest and limbs gently. If no signs of ani- mation are manifested after five or ten minutes, dissolve about as much tartar emetic as will lie on the point of a penknife in half a tumbler of water, and after stirring it well, apply a single drop of the mixture to the tongue of the child, with the point of the finger. If no change occurs in fifteen minutes, repeat the experiment again. If no change takes place after ten to fifteen minutes, put one teaspoouful of the mixture into a cupful of warm water, and Use it as an injection. While this is doing, cold water or spirits may be applied CHAP. XII. TREATMENT OF INFANTS. 295 to its breast, either with the palm of the hand, or by letting a small ftream of cold water, from the spout of a tea-pot, fall upon it from a height of two or three feet. Much benefit will also frequently be derived from placing the mouth over the child's mouth, and blowing gently so as to inflate the lungs, closing the child's nostrils at the same time between the thumb and finger, to prevent the air from passing out through the nose. Care should be taken not to force too much air into the child's lungs at once, lest they be injured. A ftor the lungs are filled, the chest should be compressed gently with the hands, or by drawing upon the ends of a napkin which has been previously wrapped round it, to expel the air. These efforts should be repeated several times, allowing a few moments to elapse between each. Infants have sometimes been restored after laboring with them for two or three hours ; we should not, therefore, give up our eflbrts at restoration too soon, as they may ultimately be successful. Washing the Child. This should be done immediately after birth, using for the purpose luke- warm water, a flannel wash-rag, and but a small portion of fine (white) soap. The white unctuous substance, which to a greater or less extent covers^ the body of every newly-born child, and which adheres with great tenacity, is best removed by rubbing the parts covered with it, previous to washing, freely with hog's lard, until the two substances become thoroughly mixed. After the child has been well washed, it should be wiped perfectly dry with a fine napkin. The practice of bathing children with spirits is highly reprehensible, and should in all cases be prohibited. Intemperance, and blunted moral sensi- bilities iu after life have their foundations frequently laid in infancy by the improper use of alcoholic liquors. The child should be bathed at least once a day ; at first with luke-warm water, gradually lowering the temperature, and after a few weeks using cold water. Dressing the Navel. The proper method of dressing the navel is to fold a piece of soft linen or tnuslin into four or six thicknesses, making it six or e^ght inches long and three or four wide. A hole is to be made through the centre of this, and the cord passed through. The cord should then be tightly wrapped with repeated turns of a narrow strip of linen or muslin, and laid up towards the breast of the child, and the lower end of the linen or muslin folded over it, and the whole secured by the belly-band, which should always be made of a strip of fine flannel. The navel usually comes ofi' from the fifth to the eighth day. The Meconium. The first evacuation from the infant's bowels consists of a dark bottle- green colored substance, called meconium. Generally the bowels are moved a few hours after birth, and require no artificial aid : the milk of the mother exciting a mechanical action iu the bowels, assists in effecting this object. In case, however, the discharge should be too long delayed, and the child become uneasy and restless, a few'teaspoonfuls of warm sugar and water may be given to it, which will generally have the etiect desired. Should this not be sufiB- 296 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. cient, and the child's bowels are not moved as freely or as frequently as they ought to be during the first few days, a dose or two of Nux vomica, Bryonia or Sulphur may be administered to both mother and child. Laxative medi- cines should never be given to infants for the purpose of purging off the meconium, as to this too common practice of nurses, many chronic diseases of after-life are to be attributed. Swelling and Elongation of the Head. It is common for the head of the infant to be swollen and elongated imme- diately after birth, especially when the labor has been difficult and protracted, and occasionally a tumor appears on the back or top of the head. This will generally disappear of itself in a few days. In case the swelling should be extensive, repeated washings with cold water, or a weak solution of Tincture 'of Arnica — three or four drops to half a tumbler of water — will hasten its removal ; if not better in two or three days, give Rhus. Putting the Child to the Breast. The child should be put to the breast in five or six hours after delivery, if the mother is able to bear the fatigue. 'I'his should be done even if the mother has no milk, as the child will be taught to suck, and the secretion of milk hastened by it. There will also be less liability to sore nipples, distended breasts, and milk fever. If the coming of the milk should be delayed for a day or two, the child should be nourished meanwhile with fresh cow's milk, diluted with an equal quantity of warm water, and sweetened with loaf sugar. The milk should always be obtained from the same cow if possible. Young infants should never have gruel, pap, panada, or cooked food of any kind. Always, before applying the child, the nipple should be moistened with milk and water, sweetened water, or saliva. Infants will be benefitted by giving them a few teaspoonfuls of cold water every day. Sore Eyes. Quite young infants are liable to inflammation of the eyes and eyelids. In most instances the lids only are affected at first, but the eye-balls soon become involved if the disease is neglected in the commencement. The most com- mon causes of this affection are, exposure of the eyfes to too strong a light, or from taking cold by exposing the child to a draft of air, &c. The following will generally remove this disorder: Aconite should be given first, especially if the inflammation arises from exposure of the eyes to too much light ; and the en- tire eye becomes red, and runs a good deal. Belladonna^ after or alternately with Aconite^ when the whites of the eyes are very red ; with bleeding from the eye-lids ; in- tolerance of light, &c. Jgnatia, in cases similar to Aconite, after that remedy has been given without much benefit. CHAP. XII. TREATMENT OF INFANTS. 297 Chamomilla, when the eye-lids are swollen, bleed, and are glued together in the morning with a yellowish secretion. Mercurius, when there is redness of the eyes and eye-lids- small yellowish ulcers along the margins of the lids ; with dis- charge of yellowish matter, kc. Pulsatilla, when there is profuse discharge of purulent matter from the eyes, with redness of the whole eye and interior of the lids. Calcarea carb. and Bhiis are also useful ; compare " Affections of the Eyes." Euphrasia is also valuable in many cases of this complaint, especially when there is accumulation of matter in the eyes, and intolerance of light. Obstruction of the Nose. " Sniffles." The nostrils of infants often become obstructed from a species of catarrh, which prevents them from breathing while suckling. Nux vomica given at night, will mostly afford relief; if, how- ever, the complaint still continues in the morning, give Sam,' bucus. GhamomiUa, if the obstruction is attended with much running of water from the nose. Calcarea, when Chamomilla has been given without success. Carbo vegetabilis, when the complaint is worse every evening; Dulcamara, when worse in the open air. Mercurius, when there is much sneezing and a thickish dis- charge from the nose. Tartarus emetic, if there is rattling of mucus in the chest which is worse at night, along with the running from the nose. Sore Mouth. Thrush. It is generally produced by want of a proper attention to cleanliness, and by the use of improper food ; and hence children raised either partially or wholly by hand, are more liable to this affection than those who are nourished exclusively by the mother's milk. The mouth should be well washed several times a day with cold water. Mercurius should be given when the disease first makes its 298 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. appearance, and also in cases when there is much salivation, and the thrush shews a tendency to ulceration. Sulphur should follow Mercurius when the latter fails to effe 't a cure after a few days. Arsenicum, will be indicated in bad cases, the two preceding remedies having failed to check the disease, and the thrush an- sume a livid, or bluish appearance, attended with great weaknes? and diarrhoea. Bryonia and Nux vomica may also be useful in some cases. A coniinon remedy in old-school practice, and one which is homceopathic too in many cases of the disease, consists of powdered Borax and loaf s'lgar mixed in equal parts and applied to the mouth of the child, three or fouj times a day. Or a few grains of the Borax may be dissolved in a teacupful of water, and the mouth of the child washed with the solution two or three times a day. This remedy should not, however, be continued too long, lest it prove injurious by aggravating the disease. Sore Throat. Often prevents infants from suckling ; they are very eager to take the breast, commence to suck, but as soon as they attempt to swallow they cry and the milk is heard to gurgle in the mouth or runs out of it ; they are generally hoarse. If they are very restless, cry before passing water, and have red cheeks, give Aconite. If the whole face is red, Belladonna or Rhvs. Ji'hns if the throat is dark red, if they do not perspire, but become very hot towards night, and remain dry ; if the eyes are red more outwardly, if Rhus is not sufficient, give Bryonia; Belladonna W they perspire much; if the throat looks bright red, if the eyes are red inside ; if Belladonna is not suffi- cient, give Mercurius. Jaundice. This disease occasionally occurs in infants, and may be known by the yel- lowness of the whites of the eyes and urine in the commencement, and after- ward of the skin of the whole body. The bowels are sometimes costive, and at others loose, and the stools are generally light or clay-colored. The dis- ease may arise from exposure to cold, or from the injurious practice of admin- istering aperient medicines immediately after birth, and other causes. Chamomilla may be given first, and in many cases will be of itself sufficient to effect a cure. Mercurius may follow Chamomilla when the symptoms have only been partially removed by the latter, or when that remedy has failed to afford any relief. China, when there are any symptoms remaining after the use of the foregoing remedies. CHAP. XII. TREATMENT OF INFANTS. 299 Nux vomica^ if the complaint is accompanied bj costiveness of the bowels, and the child is extremely irritable. Excoriation. Soreness of tender parts arises seldom from not washing the child ; it is nearly always a skin-disease, and the child is injured by washing with Castile soap, which hurts and burns the poor infant just as much as s'oap does you when it getfS into your eyes. Wash the infant with lukewarm wafer only, loithmif any ruhbing when wiping it dry. Bathing the infant frequently will be of great benefit. Chamomilla will, in most cases, be sufficient, when it has not been produced by the use of chamomile-tea, taken either by the mother or child, in which case Pulsatilla, or Ignatia, should be given. Mercurius, when the excoriation is extensive, and there is yellowness of the skin, which Chamomilla has failed to remove. Rhus will cure it, if red pimples appear on the head. Sulphur or Carbo vegeiahilis in obstinate cases. The Gum. The term "gum" or "red gum" is given to an eruption of red pimples, which makes its appearance in early infancy, and chiefly occupies the face, neck, and arms ; it may, howevei", extend to the whole body. The disorder is frequently the result of inattention to cleanliness, keeping the child too warm, and giving it herb teas. A few doses of Rhus will generally be suiBcieut. Retention of Urine. This complaint often occurs in young infants, and requires immediate attention. It will generally be removed by Aconite. Should this fail, Pulsa- tilla will generally sufiBce. Consult also the same article in Chapter X. Constipation. Constipation in children is frequently produced by an improper mode of living, either on the part of the mother or nurse or child ; and when it arises from want of exercise, too much animal food, &c., on the part of the mother or nurse, it may be removed by proper attention to these points. As a general rule, there should be an evacuation from the bowels at least once a day in quite young children ; and if delayed longer than this, and Bryonia, Nnx vomica, Opium, Antimonium crudum, or another remedy has produced no change, these remedies must be given to the mother or nurse. Injections of warm water may also be given. But never use soap ; every observing phy- sician must have s«en the bad consequences from it when continued for a long time Every nurse who uses soap for an infant, ought to have *i little Castile 800 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. soap put into one of her eyes for about two minutes ; and every physician who recommends it, into both of his eyes for five minutes, without permission to touch the eyes. If they now know, that the interior of the rectum is as irri- able and vulnerable as their eyes, they may realize the pain and torture they are subjecting the poor, helpless infant to. Diarrhoea. Healthy infants, while suckling, usually have from three to six evacuations from the bowels in the twenty-four hours ; and only when the discharges be- come more frequent than this, and are changed in character, becoming green and watery, or yellow, or brown, or white and frothy or watery, or mixed with mucus or bloud, and the child gives evidence of sufifering, does it become necessary to interfere by administering medicines. Ipecacuanha^ when the diarrhoea has been caused by over- loading the stomach; and especially if accompanied by nausea and vomiting; paleness of the face ; frequent crying; the stools of a bilious, slimy, or greenish yellow color; sometimes blackish, or streaked with blood, and of a putrid odor. Rheum, when the diarrhoea has arisen from acidity, and is attended by flatulent distension of the abdomen ; colic ; crying and straining both before and after the evacuations, which are frothy, slimy, and watery, and smell sour; a sour smell is also emitted from the body of the child, even when the strictest attention is given to cleanliness, ' Ghamomilla in diarrhoeas of a bilious watery, frothy, or slimy character, and of a whitish, greenish, or yellowish color, some- times having the appearance of beaten up eggs, and of an offen- sive odor, like that of rotten eggs. The diarrhoea is frequently attended by colic, with fretfulness, crying, restlessness and draw- ing up of the legs toward the abdomen ; and redness of the face or of one cheek. China in watery, painless diarrhoea with much wind in the bowels, and undigested appearance of the milk in the stools. Belladonna is frequently indicated in the commencement, when the child is disposed to sleep a good deal, but is restless, and starts up suddenly ; the evacuations greenish, small, and frequent. Aconite in diarrhoeas attended with much fever. Opium or Aconite when produced by fright. CHAP. :SII. TREATMENT OF INFANTS. 301 In case the diarrhoea should prove obstinate or be accompa- nied by emaciation, the advice of a homoeopathic practitioner should be sought. Colic. Colic is a common affection in young infants. It may be caused by errors of diet on the part of the mother, or by feeding the child with too much or unsuitable food. As before remarked, young infants should be exclusively nourished from the breast, if it is possible ; and any departure from this is very likely to be followed by more or less suffering. Exposure to cold, or any cause liable to affect either mother or child injuriously, may induce colic. The attacks are sometimes extremely violent and frequent, so much so as almost to wear out both mother and child ; when this is the case, there is generally some constitutional predisposition. It is also frequently attended by diarrhoea. GJiamomilla will be sufficient in most cases, especially if the pain is attended by distension of the abdomen, crying, writhing and twisting, drawing up the legs towards the abdomen, and coldness of the feet. Ipecacuanha^ when the colic is attended by sickness and diai- rhoea, the stools fermenting and of a putrid odor. China against colic with distension and hardness of the abdo- men ; the attacks are more liable to come on towards evening ; screaming followed by laughing. Nux vomica, when the attacks of colic are attended by cos- tiveness. Pulsatilla in flatulent colic, with rumbling of wind in the abdo men ; shivering and paleness of the flice, and tenderness of the abdomen. Swelling of the Breasts. The breasts of infants are sometimes swollen at birth, or some time after; this is frequently caused or aggravated by the highly reprehensible practice, of nurses and others, of squeezing the breast with the mistaken notion that there is milk, or some matter in them, which should be pressed out. Mothers canuot be too careful in guarding their nurses against this practice, as in Bome instances extensive suppuration has been produced by it, resultijig in disorganization of the breasts, and in females, destroying their usei'uhiess for ever. When the breasts are found to be swollen, a linen rag wetted with sweet oil should be applied to thein, and in the majority of instances the swelling will disappear in a few days, and nothing else be required. If, however, the (swelling should become extensive, and be accompanied by redness and inflam- 27 802 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. matioD of the breasts, a dose or two of Chamomilla, followed by Belladonna, may be required. It may also be necessary to apply a bread and milk ponl- lice iti severe cases. When the inflammation and soreness arises from squeez- ing and pressing the breasts and nipples, Arnica should be given. If sup- puration has taken place, a few doses of Uepar should be given, and followed in two or three days by Silicca, Crying. The occasional crying of infants should not be a cause for alarm, as this is the language by which their wants are made known. And hence they cry when they are hungry, need changing, or have lain too long in one position, &.C. Only in cases where the crying is excessive, and the usual means of pacifying them fail, we may suppose they are suffering from pain, and should immediately endeavor to ascertain the cause, which will frequently be found to be some mechanical irritation, such ag derangement of the infant's dress, or a pin sticking into the flesh, &c. The most reprehensible, ar rather criminal practice is that of giving lau- danum, or other preparations of opium, to infants. '1 hey will be ruined ia body and mind by it, — they will never be so healthy, or grow to such an age, as tliey would do without ever having been poisoned in this way; most all of these unfortunate infants become either vicious or simpletons. Good-for- nothing nurses will often, without the knowledge of the parents, give lauda- num to infants, in order that they may not be disturbed in their ease and laziprss. When, however, the child continues to cry for a long time without any apparent cause, — Belladonna will frequently prove serviceable, and also when it starts suddenly out of sleep and begins to cry violently. Acoitltum or Coffea, if Belladonna should fail, will often be successful, especially when the crying is accompanied by uneasi- ness and heat. Chamomilla will also frequently be useful, and especially if there be reason to think the crying is caused by earache or headache. Restlessness and Wakefulness. Restlessness and inability to sleep are generally produced by giving the child injurious food, or overloading its stomach, or by the mother's drinking cfiffee, wine. &c., or making use of some other improper article of diet. JSoine- times it is caused by the child's head lying too high ; the head of an infant ouuht always to lie low. Coffea will often be sufficient to remove the restlessness, hot skin, ** ^ part should be put upon the navel, not the convex part. For a rupture in the groin no bandage should be used, but you may give Nux vomica, afterwards Veratruni or sometimes Chamomilla. The cure will be much facilitated by the occasional administration of a dose of Nux vomica. Heat Spots. "Prickly Heat." Infants and young children are frequently troubled with an eruption con- sisting of small vesiclop, generally about the size of a pin's head; they are red and inflamed at the base, and filled with watery fluid. After breaking they sometimes form into thin scabs and occasionally are disposed to ulcerate. There is usually more or less fever accompanying the eruption, which is often very annoying to children on account of the itching and burning with which it is attended. The heat of summer is the time at which this eruption is most prevalent; its development is also favored by warm rooms and an excess of clothing. The disorder will generally be removed by frequent bathing, and proper atten- tion to ventilation and dress. When attended by much fever and restlessness, a few doses of Acnniiinn oi Chamoniillu will afford relief. Rhus may be given, if the eruption is exten- sive, and Arsenicum or StiIpJnir, if Rhus should be insufficient. Sulphur given at long intervals, will correct the tendency to this complaint. CHAP. XII. TREATMENT OF INFANTS. 313 WMtes or Leucorrhoea of Children. Little girls are sometimes subject to a discharge of whitish mucus from the vagina, resembling the leucorrhoea of adults. It may be the result of inattention to cleanliness, or proceed from some constitutional or other cause. Frequent bathing with luke-warm water will generally cause its remuval in a short time ; or, if this should fail, the internal administration of Calcarea carb., once a day for a few days, followed if necessary by Pulsatilla, will effect a cure. Weaning. Generally the most suitable age to wean children is when they are about ten months old ; by the time they arrive at this age, the teeth are usually sufBciently developed to chew more solid food, and the mother may be dis- pensed with. If the mother is delicate, the supply of milk begins to diminish in quantity and deteriorates in quality, or the menstrual discharge reappears, the child may be weaned at an earlier period. On the other hand, the child should not be weaned while it is suffering much from the irritation of teething, or any other infantile disease, unless the health of the mother renders it absolutely necessary. As the teeth begin to appear the child should gradually be accustomed to other food than the mother's milk, so that, when the period for weaning ar- rives, its digestive organs will be fully prepared for the change of diet. The most suitable seasons of the year for weaning are the spring and autumn. After weaning, the child's diet should consist of simple but nourishing food, such as bread and milk, arrow root, farina, boiled rusks, &c., and the transition to a more substantial fare should be extremely gradual. (See also page 27.) 'I'he mother, also, after the child is taken from the breast, should be par- ticularly careful in her diet, and until the secretion of milk has ceased, live as low as possible. If the breasts become much distended and painful, they should be bathed with hot lard, and wrapped in raw cotton. It will also be necessary to have them drawn occasionally. At the same time the internal administration of Pulsatilla and Rhus will aid materially in stopping the secretion. They may be taken alternately twice a day. Limping. Lameness. Children are often seen, who limp or are lame because one of tlu' legs is shorter than the other. There is a swelling around the hip joint ot the shorter leg, and afterwards ulcers. This is a disease which is difficult to cure; and if of long standing, there will be alterations in the joint, which can- not be removed. Parents ought therefore to be careful to notice this disease in the beginning, and have it attended toby a homoeopathic phy.-;ician. If a physician cannot be had, give Arnica in case of an external injury, Mam- ri'i.s if it comes on without any apparent cause, without pain, and if the child draws the leg up; if no better in two or three days, give Hellailoum ; after- wards Marcurius again. If no improvement takes place, give Rhun, after- wards iSulphur, Calcarea or Colocyutlds. 28 314 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. Stuttering. The best time to cure stuttering is in the very beginning. Let the child, Bt'veral times every clay for a short while, breathe slowly and clap its hands during each slow expiration ; afterwards let the child pronounce a few words during expiration, but not during inspiration. Sometimes it is cured by a few doses of Belladanna, atnd afterwards Mercurius ; or Platinum, Euphrasia, or later, Sulphur. Squinting. See " Diseases of the Eyes." Wetting the Bed. Physicians of the old school, because they cannot cure this complaint, have spread the notion that it is nothing but a bad habit, and that therefore the proper way of curing this bad habit is punishing, or even whipping, the chil- dren. This is the way to bring up dogs, not children. Wetting the bed is caused in almost all cases by disease, which can be removed by the reme- dies stated below. In the first place, the children must not use any victuals which cause an increase of urine, as asparairus, celery, cucumbers, watermelons, etc. ; all sharp, salty, and sour things, malt liquors ; also tea, coffee, and chocolate ; in the morning they may take water and milk, or cocoa, but none of these articles at night ; they may drink as much water as they like, it will diminish the sharpness in the urine. To eat much butter at night is often beneficial. Do not let the children go to bed immediately after supper ; take them up about one or two hours afterwards, carry them where they are in the habit of urinating, and they will soon do so voluntarily. Older children are much benefited by gymnastic exercises, which make the will stronger, and teach them to pay prompt attention. It is often sufBcient to get the children accus- tomed to hold their water longer, but this must be done carefully, for holding the urine too long is dangerous. It is best done while taking a walk, par- ticularly in cold weather. Give older boys a glass to measure their urine in in the morning, teach them to overcome the first desire to urinate, and to wait till it returns with pain ; let them take notice of time and ciuantity. Tlie children are often found lying on their back, and this has been stated to be the cause of the complaint, and it has been foolishly proposed to fasten something on their back. No healthy person sleeps on his back, un- less he is very much fatigued, and then only for a while. All healthy children sleep lying on the side. If, therefore, the children sleep upon the back, they will be benefited by Pul.wlilln, lilais, Ferrum, Sulphur, Calcarea ; or sometimes Bryonia, China, Nux vomica, or L/nalia. If they do not sleep on the back, Belladonna, Mer- curius, SHicia, Cina or Causticum. Pulsatilla. Tender, gentle children, inclined to weep, wbo easily turn pale or rod ; particularly if they have dark hair and eyes, and if fat food does not agree with them ; if the urine is o*feusive ; if little girls have the whites, staining the linen ; if CHAP. XII. TREATMENT OF INFANTS. 3l5 tliey put the hands upon the abdomen, or both arms above the head.— If they sleep lying upon the belly, compare Calcarea, Colocynthis and Belladonna. In similar cases, or children wlio become easily angry or obstinate, and particularly if they put the arms above or under the head, give Nux vomica. Rhus, in similar cases, if the children have light hair and blue eyes ; if the urine is acrid, and passes too quick even during the day, or runs out drop by drop. (Compare Belladonna.) Especially if gymnastic exercises do not agree with them, but they become worse or take cold. If Rhus should not be sufficient, give Bryonia, particularly if the children are very peevish. Ferrum for pale, thin, chilly children, whose hands and feet become easily cold ; who are sleepy the whole day, or at least early at night, dream much, and do not like to get up in the morning; who have a constant catarrh in the head or running of the nose ; weak eyes, which in the open air are always full of tears ; who have, every time they take cold, either diarrhoea or cough. If Ferrum is not sufficient, and if the child turns easily red in the face, puts the arms over the head and is restless at n^'^^ijht, give China. Sulphur for pale and, more particularly, thin children with \u ge bellies, and who are constantly unwell, who do not like to hf. washed, are afraid of being bathed or cry when bathed ; who aie fond of sharp victuals or cannot get enough sugar. Sulphur is the chief remedy, if you cannot come to a determination as to the proper remedy. It is best given in water, at first every day, and afterwards as often as the complaint returns. Calcarea, for stout, fat, puffed-up children with red faces, who drink much and perspire easily ; especially if they scratch their heads when awaking at night; if in the night they pass water more than once ; also if they have during the day a yerj fre- quent desire to urinate, passing but little at a time. It is suitable for children with a large belly, if Sulphur is not suffi- cient; also if they sleep lying on the belly or put the arms over the head. Belladonna if the children do not sleep on the back, or do so 316 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. l)ut seldom ; for self-willed, lively children, who cry easily, who sleep with the arms over the head or with the head bent back- wards, or lie upon the belly ; particularly if the urine passes involuntarily also during the day, especially when standing ; or if the water passes often and in great quantities, and is pale and watery ; if they easily perspire, and take cold easily. Mercurius for similar, also easily -perspiring children, who some- times become suddenly weak, who have great desire for butter; or if the urine is hot and sharp, and smells sour. Silicea for children with light hair and blue eyes, particularly if they have often a swelled neck or boils, or if the points of the fingers around the nails ulcerate; if in general nothing heals easily what has been wounded ; if the complaint did come on after vaccination. Gina if they bend the head backwards when asleep, if during sleep they look up dreaming and are afraid ; and if the nose itches. Causticum is a ])rincipal remedy, for grown persons too, par- ticularly for children with black hair and eyes, if they wet the bed in the first sleep; if the urine is acrid ; if they pass water frequently by day and by night ; also if the urine passes while coughing, sneezing, walking, &c. For children who can evacu- ate the bladder and stool only when standing, but not when sitting. Arsenicum is sometimes suitable when the urine is hot and of a putrid smell ; if the children put the arms over the head and lie upon the back. Hcpar if the urine is hot and acrid, and the head is bent back- wards during sleep. Carlo vegetabilis, if the urine is offensive. Dulcamara, urine offensive, and if wetting the bed has re- mained after some painful disease of the bladder. Colocynthis ; urine sticky, the children put the arms under or above the head, and turn over upon the belly. K these medicines should not be sufiicient, consult a homoeo- CHAP. XII. TREATMENT OF INFANTS. 31 J pathic physician. There are sometimes other complaints whicb have to be taken into consideration, and other remedies. Vaccination. Tn the former editions of this work I avoided speaking of vaccination. Hahnemann and many of his followers adduce vaccination as a proof of the homoeopathic law of cure. A similar disease taken from the udder of the cow prevents the similar small-pox in men. I had different views about the simi- larity of the symptoms, and believed that it always was an action in the opposite direction of the medicines (Gegenioirkende in der Arznei) that effected a cure, but that the similarity of the symp- toms pointed out the best and surest antidote (to the disease, Gegenmittel.) Just as one motion can only be arrested or annulled by another exactly similar one, but in the opposite direction, as we see in the motion of waves, sound, light; just so, I thought, it must be with the motions of life (Lebensbeweg- ungen). But vaccination was always a poisoning, even if it terminated favorably. When I therefore raised my voice against vaccination in a letter to Dr. Staph, June 18th, 1830, printed in his " Ardriv," vol. 10, part 2, p. 28, I did not do this until I was able to propose a plan to find a really sure antidote to small- pox. Which proposal, however unheard-of and strange it might have seemed to be, was nevertheless based upon so correct rea- soning, that later experience has always confirmed it. But still, some cases were not cured by this remedy. During the last twenty years the following three facts have been clearly established : 1. Vaccination protects less and less every year, for although Bm all-pox is called by another name, it is still the same. 2. Vaccination is followed by complaints, which are either sudden and dangerous, or long-lasting and difficult to cure, and "which become from year to year more frequent. 3. We learn from year to year a more certain and better way of curing small pox patients homoeopathically. As long as it must be admitted, notwithstanding fact 1, thai 28* 818 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. vaccination, if done in the right way, protects in a great many cases and lessens the mortality in a great measure; as lono- or in spite of fact 2, a great many children do not get seriously ill after vaccination, and as lf>ng as, notwithstanding fact 3, some children may yet die of small-pox — so long is a certain decision impossible, either in favor or auainst vaccination. Until, there- fore, the hom.oeopathic treatment of small-pox shall have been perfected to such a degree that all cases can be cured with per- fect certainty, vaccination is to be allowed, choosing the less of two evils and preferring the more certain reraed}'- ; but it must be done under certain strict conditions, and so as to cause the least danger and the greatest protection to the children. Vaccinating should always be done from the arm of a healthy child, whose parents, particularly the mother, are perfectly healthy. As was at first invariably the case, the lymph must be taken on the sixth, seventh or eighth day after vaccination, from a perfectly developed pustule, as long as the lymph is vet clear as water, not turbid or purulent. Puncture with a needle or lancet the pustule on the side, just between the sunken point and the areola, the red border. As the interior of each pustule consists of several small cells, a little drop only comes out. This little drop should be at once in- serted into a small, oblique cut in the arm of the children. Deep cuts are senseless, and it is not true that they insure a better pj'otection. The number of cuts are of no essential importance; one protects as well as ten. The more cuts are made, the more sick will the child become. Therefore the younger and weaker a child is, the less cuts should bo made. The best time for vaccination is, if the children are otherwise healthy, from the third to the twelfth month, at a time when they are not cutting teeth. If it has to be done at such a time, make only one cut. In cnses of necessity, the lymph may be put into small glass tubes, and so preserved and transported; but in many cases the lyrn]ih thus preserved will fail, Never use the lymph after the ninth day, when it has become CHAP. XII TREATMEISTT OF INFANTS. 819 thick, turbid or purulent. Still less should the dried-up pus, the scah^ be used, which is the worst and must dangerous of them all. The physician, who Mly or sixty years ago, introduced Vaccination, cautioned against such vaccination ; all vaccina- tions during the first twenty or thirty years were invariably made with clear lymph. It cannot be denied, that vaccination with the scab causes pustides, but it is not the less true, that it causes many diseases difficult to cure, or that it does not protect well ; the pustules, after vaccination with the scab, do not run the regular course ; it is sometimes too fast, and sometimes too slow. Whether dan- gerous consequences after vaccination with the scab shall follow or not, is quite accidental ; we cannot guard against them, be- cause it depends altogether on the circumstance whether the part of the scab used was putrified or not. All animal sub- stances, which are in the least putrified, are dangerous when taken internally, but much more so when introduced into the skin, and through it into the blood. We have no means of knowing whether we have taken putrified matter or not ; it makes no great difference which part of the scab we take, the middle may as well contain putrified pus as any other part. As the compensation of the physician for vaccinating is so poor, in some cases it is even included in the p^or fee for treat- ment during confinement, the bad habit of vaccinating with the scab, as the more easy and convenient way, has become so common, that most people do not know of any other method. Nay, there is spread the most reprehensible and erroneous opinion, that the puncturing of the pustule (to obtain the lymph,) which, of course, the child does not feel, is dangerous, and lessens the protection ; a most senseless and base notion, as every thiidcing physician admits. Every physician knows that in the beginning vaccination was without any exception done from arm to arm, and that in many countries it is to this day against the law to do it in any other way ; and that in those times and countries the prt)tection against small-pox was and is infinitely greater than for instance, in the United States. 'J'his 320 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. would be im [possible, if puncturing the pustule bad the least influ- ence upon the children. Why have we here again and again small- pox epidemics, which frighten the whole population of the largest cities ? Only because vaccinating with the scab gives a quite uncertain protection. And why is it here so generally feared that childien will get sick after vaccination ? Because every one knows that many children get ill after vaccination. This is only the case when children are inoculated with the dried-up, half-putrified matter, and not with the lymph from arm to arm. Even in countries where they scarcely know the word "civiliza- tion," nor the meaning of expressions like "great prosperity, greatest good for the greatest number," even there it has never happened that parents made the slightest objection to other children being vaccinated from the arm of their own, success fully vaccinated, children. This new species of disgusting inhu- manity was born here, as one of the many evils following vaccination with scabs. Everywhere, among people of sense, it is considered an honor to a family to have a chiLl which is selected to vaccinate other children from. Now, as fi-om ten to twelve children can be vacci- nated fiom one child wiihout doing it the most remotest injury, and as there will be among them at least one healthy child to vaccinate from again, — there can never be any more want of good lymph, if not caused by the most stupid egotism. In m;iny large cities there is the most miserable and perverted regulation of paying from the public funds to young physicians a certain sum for each child vaccinated, without requiring, any proof, whether, how, and with what success it has been done. This money could be spent for a much better purpose, if the poor were invited to take their children to a certain place, to be vac- cinated, and if they did, to return after six or eight days to have the children examined; and if a certain sum of money were paid to the parents of each perfectly healthy child, from which others could be vaccinated, physicians might take each a healthy child to others which they have to vaccinate. Hahnemann has proposed to give to every vaccinated child a CHAP, XIII. DISEASES OF THE SKIN. 821 dose of Sulphur as soon as tlie pustule is formed, and if an erup- tion breaks out on any other part of the body when the pustule is drying up, another dose. To give Aconitum for the fever after vaccination is injurious, as shown in many cases. The best remedy, confirmed by hundreds of cases, against bad consequences of vaccination, is Silicea. It is serviceable for eruptions, swelled glands under the arm, or boils on the head ; for very red, inflamed and suppurating swelling of the arm, ex- tending sometimes to the shoulder-joint, which brings the child in great danger; also for long-lasting complaints: hectic fever, with cough, night-sweats, tetters in different places, red pimples in the face, and particularly on the neck, and even for convulsions, which follow one or two weeks after vaccination ; also for " w^ter in the head," which has come on rapidly after the dry- ing of the pustule. In all these cases give only one dose ; it is seldom necessary to repeat it, one globule in water, every day, or every other day. CHAPTER XIII. DISEASES OF THE SKIN. Rash. When a rash is accompanied by fever, the patient must be careful not to take cold, but at the same time he should not keep himself too warm; either may prove injurious. When there is no fever attending the rash, the com- plaint is not of a serious nature, yet cold should be guarded against ; if the patient takes cold, notwithstanding, resort should be immediately had to medicine. All cases of eruptions attended with fever, which have been suppressed, require the same remedies which are prescribed for the eruption itself; if not clearly characterized, give Ipecacuanha, followed by Bnjonia or Cvpnim. When a rash is prevalent in the neighborhood, or is even in the house, and Bcveral individuals are taken ill at the same time without a correspondmg eruption, but with a feeling of contraction about the chest, difficulty of breathing, frequent giddiness, trembling, sickness of the stomach, vomiting, W 322 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. griping, diarrhcsa, great uneasiness, fainting, and other symptoms, give Ipecaruanha to bring out the eruption, or prevent the disease altogether. Children, and sometimes grown persons, are troubled, after taking cold, with a rash, appearing in red, smooth spots of the size of a pin's head, which are not elevated, but visible in heat and in cold, with itching and biting at night, disturbed sleep, or fever during the night; children become very untar-,y and irritable, and cry much ; in such cases give Aconitinn, and if no improve- ment has taken place by the next day, give Cliamomilla, and a couple of days later, if necessary, Sulphur. The latter remedies are sometimes followed by perspiration, which must not be checked. Nettle Rash. Urticaria. As indicated by the name, this eruption looks like the patches or wheals caused by the stings of nettles. The elevations are generally of a red color, with white wheals on the surface. Sometimes, however, there is little or no redness, and the elevated parts are paler than the surface around them. The eruption is always attended by burning and itching, especially when the patient gets warm in bed ; and it is mostly preceded by nausea or vomiting, loss of appetite, thirst, furred tongue, &c. In some instances, indeed, the skin is very hut and dry, and the pulse greatly accelerated. This disease may originate from some particular article of diet; in some persons shell-fish invariably produce it; in others it is induced by bitter almonds, vinegar, salad, cucumbers, mushrooms, honey, &c. Aconitum, if tbe eruption is preceded by much fever, with hot, dry skin, thirst, furred tongue, hard and quiclc pulse, restlessness and anxiety. Dulcamara, when excited by exposure to cold or damp, when occurring in wet weather, or when attended with some fever, bitter taste in the mouth, diarrhoea at night, foul tongue, and violent itching and burning. Pulsatilla, when the eruption has been produced by eating unwholesome food, and is attended by looseness of the bowela in the morning. This remedy is particularly suitable for females and persons of a mild temper. Rhus, when arising from some peculiarity of constitution, in which the attacks are excited by some particular article of food, Bryonia, when the eruption has suddenly disappeared from the surface, and is followed by difficulty of breathing, pain in the breast, &c. - Belladonna should be given, if the eruption is attended by violent headache and red face ; if the children cry much ; if tho patches are yellowish red, and if rubbing eases the itching. CHAP. XIII DISEASES OF THE SKIN. 823 Apium virus, if the patches are bluish red, or pale and trans- parent, with much swelling, itching, stinging and burning; if rubbing cannot be borne at all, or if hard rubbing only gives relief; if the children become easily angry. Separ, when attended by severe catarrhal symptoms, princi- pally affecting the head, and worse on one side; if commencing on the arms and chest ; if worse in the open air ; for persons of a violent, irritable temper. Cepa, if accompanied by catarrh; if the eruption begins on the thighs; if better in the open air; for sleepy, fearful and anxious persons. Nux vomica is indicated when the eruption is excited by indul- gence in spirituous or malt liquors. Arsenicum, if caused by eating unripe fruit, or in severe cases, worise at night, followed by a croup-lilce cough ; also after the disease has been suddenly suppressed. Calcarea, when the eruption always appears more after cold washing, or has been suddenly repelled. Spirits of camphor (a drop on sugar) will sometimes remove the disease, when it suddenly comes on after taking acid fruit or vinegar. External applications of all kinds should be avoided in this as well as in other acute eruptive diseases, as their use is liable to cause a sudden disappearance of the eruption, which may have serious or fatal consequences. In the chronic forms of this disease, the remedies which have been found useful are, Gaharea, Lycopodium, Causticum, Sulphur and Garho vegetahilis. Measles. Measles are nsnally preceded by catarrhal symptoms, such as profuse watery discharges from the eyes and nose ; short, dry and distressing cough ; the eyes have a peculiar watery appearance, and become more or less inflamed. The fever at times becomes very high ; nausea and vomiting often set in, and there is pain in the pit of the stomach on pressure. The eyes are more sensitive to light ; tlie cough more violent and accompanied by hoarseness and diflBculty of breathing, and a feeling of tightness across the chest. In from two to five days the eruption appears as small red spots, of an irregular four-sided (rhom{)oid) shape, slightly raised above the surface. It ia 324 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. generally first seen about the head, near the hair, and on the temples ; then on the forehead, face and neck, from whence it spreads to the trunk and limbs. If you press your finger upon a single spot, the redness will disappear, but after taking off the finger, the redness will return, first in the middle and thence spread to the margin ; in other similar diseases, the redness returns in the reverse oxAqt, first on the margin and then in the middle. The red spots generally run together in patches ; in about five days from its first appearance it begins to die away, and gradually disappears in the same order as it advanced. The cuticle (thin skin) sometimes comes off in small bran-like scales, and the cough and other catarrhal symptoms yield. Aconitum^ the chief medicine in this complaint, is especially indicated when the fever is violent, with hot, dry skin ; heat in the head; giddiness; redness of the eyes and dread of light, and great weakness. Pulsatilla^ when the catarrhal symptoms predominate, — when the eruption is tardy in coming out; if it foils to produce an abatement. Sulphur should be given, and afterwards Aconitum again. Aconitum and Pulsatilla may be administered alter- nately. Belladonna^ when the throat becomes sore, attended with thirst, difficulty of swallowing, shooting and prickling pains in the throat; and also when there is dry, barking or spasmodic cough, worse at night, with rattling of mucus; likewise in those cases where the eruption does not appear, but there is headache and great inflammation of the eyes; congestion towards the head. Euphrasia^ when the catarrhal symptoms, cough and inflam- mation of the e3'es, with great watei'ing, are very prominent. If, at the same time, the fever runs high, this medicine should be alternated witli Aconitum. Ipecacuanha is most serviceable in arresting the vomiting; also when there is oppression of the chest. Bryonia^ when the eruption is imperfectly developed, or when there is congestion to the chest, with shooting pains or stitches, increased by taking a deep inspiration ; and violent dry cough: Sulphur in cases of congestion or inflammation of the lungs. Arsenicum will be required if the sickness or vomiting and oppression of the chest remain after the use of Ipecacuanha. In the severe cases, with typhoid symptoms, Arsenicum,, Bryonia^ Phosphorus and Rhus will be useful. CHAP. XIII. DISEASES OF THE SKIN. 325 Measles frequently leave behind diseases more dangerous than themselves* consequently great care is required in the after treatment. * In scrofulous children, troublesome swelling and inflammation of the glands, especially those of the neck, are apt to occur; or the eyes may be affected with diseases, diflBcult to cure, and the foundation be laid for consumption of the lungs. For the cough which frequently remains after measles, Brijo- nia, Sulphur, Causticum, Hyoscyamus, Drosera, and other reme- dies, recommended under " Cough," are serviceable. Swelling of the glands in the neck requires Arnica, Dulcamara or Mercu- rius. Burning and itching of the skin, Nux vomica, Sulphur and Arsenicum. Tenderness of the skin, Mercurius. When measles are prevailing as an epidemic, the administra- tion of Pulsatilla, every two or three days, on the first appear- ance of catarrhal symptoms, will often ward off an attack, or, if it should be taken, render the disease milder. Scarlet Fever, Scarlatina. In scarlet fever the skin is of a bright red or yellowish-red color, or like that of a boiled lobster. The eruption terminates in about a week by peeling ofiT of the skin. It commences often with nausea and vomiting; slight chills or creepings, followed by heat of skin and thirst, and occasionally headache, and more or less stupor. The eruption appears at first most on parts that are covered and later on other parts. The mouth and fauces are also of a red color ; the tongue is generally covered with a white coating, with elongated red points. Sometimes the throat is considerably affected, the symptoms are more severe from the commencement. The tonsils are swollen ; the whole throat becomes covered with grey, yellowish, or white sores ; it assumes a dark hue, and the breath becomes offensive. 'I'he fauces have sometimes a dark red appearance, without much swelling; and ulceration or gangrene with extensive sloughing speedily takes place. Sometimes an acrid discharge takes place from the nose, the eyes or ears ; the glands of the mouth and neck become inflamed and swollen. Scarlet fever sometimes occurs without any eruption on the skin ; but in- stead, the mouth and fauces become affected. This form may prove fatal. Scarlatina is often followed by dropsy, diarrhoea, bronchitis, tubercles in the lungs, and other serious maladies. Aconitum may be administered in the very beginning, before the eruption makes its appearance, when the fever is high, pulse rapid, head hot, hands and feet cold, twitching of the fingers, and tossing about. Belladonna, in the simple forms of scarlet fever ; it should 29 326 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. also be given as soon as the throat and tongue become affected with dryness and burning, and there is excessive thirst, but ina- bility to swallow; bright red appearance of the throat and tongue, with or without excoriation, white specks, or stringy mucus; swelling of the tonsils and stiffness of the jaws and neck, and delirium. Mercurius after Belladonna, when the latter has failed to pro- duce a favorable change, and there is ulceration of the tonsils, with increase of mucus, and swelling of the tongue, throat and tonsils. Lachesis, if children are very cross, strike their nurses, or send all persons away. Arsenicum^ when the ulcers of the throat turn livid about the edges, and emit an offensive odor ; great thirst, restlessness and extreme prostration of strength. In the malignant form, Arsenicum, LycopodiuTn and Phosphoric acid will be found of most service. It has been recommended to rub the patient two or three times a day with bacon all over ; the children like this rubbing very much, as soon as they know how well it feels. The diseases which often follow scarlet fever are worse than itself. If the child commences to swell, particularly about the neck, give Rhus. If the glands on both sides of the neck swell, and Rhus does no good, give Arsenicum ; if the glands break, and discharge thin, offensive matter, Calcarea. These cases should always be treated by a homoeopathic physician. It is of the utmost importance to guard the children against tak\ng cold, and to be very careful in regard to their diet. As long as small particles of the skin come off, the children must not go in the open air. At this time it is most contagious. The children may be washed with bran- water, wear flannel under- shirts, and take exercise in the room. They may eat plenty of fruit, particularly apples, but nothing fat. If they should catch cold, and the whole body swell, give Arsenicum or Bryonia ; later, sometimes. Belladonna or Calcarea, If their skin feeis cool, Carlo vegetdbilis. If they complain of CHAP. XIII. DISEASES OF THE SKIN". 327 heat, and cannot bear the warm room, and particularly if small blackish particles are deposited by their urine, or if the urine coagulates when heated, like white of eggs, give Apium virus. Belladonna may be given as a preservative against scarlet fever when prevailing as an eipidemic; and also in modifying the disease. A dose of the mediciue may be taken every other day, until symptoms appear. Scarlet Rash, It may be distinguished from genuine scarlatina by the dark, almost purple appearance of the eruption, by the pressure of the finger leaving no white mark, and by the small grains iu the skin, which are distinctly felt on passing the hand over it. Persons who have suffered once from this aSection are by no means exempt from future attacks. Sore throat is not often so severe a symptom in scarlet rash as in scarlatina. It is chiefly met with when the eruption is wanting, and at its commencement and decline. Aconitum will generally remove this disorder, unless it is complicated with some other affection. Goffea may in some instances be required after or alternately with Aconitum^ when there is much restlessness and agitation, or pains in the head or extremities, accompanying it. Belladonna, when complicated with scarlet fever, with sore throat, affections of the head, &c. Ipecacuanha, followed if necessary by Pulsatilla, when attended by nausea and vomiting, or diarrhoea. Bryonia, when there is congestion to the chest, with hurried respiration, pain, &c. It may be given advantageously after Ipecacuanha. Chicken-Pox. The eruption is generally preceded for a day or two by more or less fever, nausea or vomiting, &c. It generally passes off without requiring any medical assistance ; when, however, the eruption is attended by a considerable degree of fever, a dose or two of Aconitum may be given ; when there is much headache or congestion towards the head. Belladonna. If the eruption is considerable, Tartar etnetie or Mercurius may be beneficial. 828 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. Small-Pox. The room of a small-pox patient should be kept well venti- lated, and not too warm ; very little light should be admitted. Aconitum, if there are congestions to the head or lungs ; in- jected eyes ; fulness in the chest, with increased action of the heart ; and great restlessness before the eruption. Belladonna also before the eruption, if there is delirium with headache ; red face ; inflammation of the eyes, with anxious look ; intolerance of noise ; and later, if the pustules are too red. Bryonia. Headache and backache; cough, with soreness in the chest ; constipation ; or if the eruption is delayed, with a sensation as if the flesh had been bruised. Variolinum is the most important remedy, give one or two doses; afterwards sometimes Bhus, Hepar or Sulphur. Mercurius. Sore throat; ulcerations about the eyes and nose; foetid breath ; and pains in the bowels, with perspiration and diarrhoea. Sulphur^ when the pustules begin to fill, and for the itching during the drying stage. Tartarus emeticus is useful, if there is drowsiness with gaping; coolness and clamminess of the skin; or sickness of stomach when the eruption ought to appear. Varioloid. Modified Small-Pox. Belladonna, if there is headache and coated tongue. Sulphur, to hasten the drying of the eruption. But there are many cases which run a longer time, and require remedies like those for small-pox. Consult a homoeopathic phy- sician. Erysipelas. St. Anthony's Fire. Rose. Aconite is indicated in cases attended by much fever, hot, dry skin, thirst, kc. Belladonna, »n erysipelas accompanied with acute shooting i CHAP. XIII. DISEASES OF THE SKIN. 329 pains, heat and tingling; the redness commencing in a small spot and extending in rays; swelling. It is particularly valuable in erysipelas of the face ; excessive swelling, so that the eyes are closed, and the features can scarcely be recognized; head- ache ; thirst ; hot, dry skin, restlessness and delirium. Hhus, if small or large blisters appear. Bryonia, when the disease attacks the joints, and the pain is increased by the least movement. Sulphur is sometimes re- quired after Bryonia. Lachesis, if the blisters become yellow or blue. Apium virus^ if it burns and stings, and if the patients do not like to be touched, become ill-humored, and cannot bear the warm room. Pulsatilla after Ehus, particularly in wandering erysipelas (when the redness disappears in one place, to reappear in an- other), and the skin is more of a bluish red ; also in erysipelas of the ear ; and also when the attacks follow some particular articles of food, in persons predisposed to the complaint. Bryonia and Bhics are also useful in cases of this kind. Arsenicum, when the erysipelas assumes a blackish hue, with a tendency to gangrene, accompanied by great prostration of strength. Carbo vegetdbilis may in some instances follow Arsenicum. Hepar, Mercurius and Phosphorus are of importance when the erysipelas terminates in abscess. Arsenicum and Sulphur in cases terminating in ulceration. And in some of the chronic forms, Silicea, Sulphxcr and Hepar will prove serviceable, but it is much better to consult a homoeopathic physician, even at a distance. To allay the itching and heat which is sometimes intolerable, cotton wool may be laid upon or wrapped around the affected part, or powdered starch may be dusted over the surface. Greasy applications and washes of every kind should be prohibited, as they almost always ajrgravate the disease, and may prove highly dangerous by suddenly repelling the eruption. If erysipelas has been repelled, give Cuprum, which is also serviceable if the erysipela i was at first slight, disappeared and returned more violent. 29* 330 TREATMENT OP DISEASES, Itching of the Skin. This is usually a symptom of some other disease by which we may b Some persons have a peculiar constitutional predisposition for them ; they also frequently follow after acute fevers, and other diseases. Arnica will lessen the pain and inflammation, and frequently prevent their recurrence. Sulphur in cases where there is a frequent return of it. By giving Arnica while the boil is inflamed and swollen, and a dose of Sulphur occasionally, after it has healed, this predisposition may be gradually removed. Belladonna, if it presents a fiery-red or erysipelatous appear- ance, or if it is attended by swelling of the glands under the arms, or in the groins, with fever, thirst and headache. Hepar, in cases where the suppuration is too slow and small. Mercurius, if the suppuration is profuse, and the swelling remains. 332 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. Carbuncle. Malignant Furunculus. It is larger and harder than the former, extends more around, of a livid hue and opens in several places ; the patient suffers more, generally there is sleeplessness, prostration, want of appetite, &c. After it has opened there is no relief and finally parts of the skin and deeper parts slough. It appears more frequently in old persons, and is inclined to appear on the back, near the spine or on the head. Cases in persons whose general health has previously been undermined, and cases which are treated improperly may end fatally. Arnica given at the very first may lessen the pain, and pre- vent it altogether ; if so, Nux vomica will remove the remaining symptoms, particularly in old drunkards. Arsenicum, as soon as it is spreading, with a burning pain, worse at night ; great general weakness ; restlessness at night ; also when the sloughing is attended with a violent burning pain, and prostrates very much ; if the patient is irritable and despairing. Hepar, if the patient is weakened by a copious discbarge; the holes run together and form a large cavity ; if there is weakness of voice. Silicea, pain and burning moderate ; the patient not altered in his mind, or of a mild temper ; or if he cannot sleep for restless- ness and heat in the head ; sweat on the head ; or if he has a festering skin. Lachesis if bluish spots or blue blisters appear, or if little sores come out around the larger one. Chilblain. Frostbite. The mild forms of this complaint may frequently be cured by applications of ice water or snow. Covering the part with carded cotton will sometimes, in mild cases, effect a cure. Another application is common glue, prepared by boiling it with water until it becomes of a proper consistency, and then applying it warm to the affected part, Pulsatilla may be given when the skin assumes a deep red, bluish or livid hue, and is attended by violent burning and itching. Nux vomica, when of a bright red color. Sulphur^ when the former remedies have been insuflficient. CHAP. XIII. DISEASES OF THE SKIN. 333 Chamomilla when, in addition to the itching and burnino-, thei'e are acute pains in the affected part. Arsenicum^ for acute, burning pains; also for the irritable, ill- conditioned ulcers which sometimes occur. They should be dressed with wet rags, covered with oiled silk, until the parts are completely healed. Persons who are troubled every winter with chilblains, should never eat pork and roasted goose. Whitlow. Felon. Poultices of bread and milk, linseed meal, or yeast, sometimes give relief and are always useful in softenina: the skin. Applications oi %oarm soft soap, or common brown soap, to the affected part, will occasionally remove the pain and swelling. But in most cases such applications only hasten a superficial suppuration, and make the case more serious and painful in the end. It is much better to apply nothing but rags, wet with cold or warm water, which ever agrees best, and keep it wet day and night, while taking one of the following internal remedies. Mercurius should be given in the commencement, and will often prevent the disease from going on to suppuration. Sulphur^ taken after it, will frequently complete the cure. Eepar, when the pain becomes violent, throbbing, and the swelling increases. Causticum after Hepar, if this did no good at all. SlUcea, if Hepar improved it somewhat, but when the pain is intense, and the swelling continues unabated. Lachesis, in cases v,^hen the aflected part is of a deep red or bluish color. Arsenicum should be given if the sore becomes angry-looking or black, with burning pain. Sulphur and Silicea, administered alternately, at intervals of six or eight days, will remove the tendency to a return of the disease. It may sometimes be necessary, after matter is formed, in order to relieve the sufferings of the patient, to lay open the parts freely with a knife ; but it always lengthens the complaint. 834 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. Ulcer. In the tro;itnient of a simple ulcer, in a person of sound constitution, all tfiat is necessary is to dress it with some mild and fresh ointment, spread on lint or on a fine linen rag, to protect it from external injury, and prevent the evaporation of pus. Simple cerate is one of the best applications for this purpose. In some cases the dry lint alone will answer best, and in others cold bread and milk poultices are useful. The cold water dressing, linen rags dipped in cold water and applied to the ulcer, are beneficial in some cases. They must be kept moist by being frequently changed, or by covering them over with oiled silk or gutta percha tissue. When ulcers are of a long continuance, it is best to consult a homoeopathic physician. They ought to be healed slowly, otherwise a different and more violent disease will be the consequence. Drying them up with vitriol, or white l^ad, or lead-water, is always dangerous. Wh'm the pain is very violent, stinging and burning, it may often be relieved by keeping the part in an elevated posture, and applying cold or warm water, by means of rags di])pcd in it, and frequently renewed. In unhealthy-looking ulcers, with a tendency to sloughing, and when the pain is very violent and stinging, a poultice made with yeast and bread will be found useful for clean- ing the ulcer and allaying the pain. Some old indolent ulcers of the legs are only to be cured by perfect rest, or by tightly bandaging the limb, from the toes upwards to above the ulcer, with strips of adhesive plaster. For ulcers which burn badly, give Arsenicvm; when they burn and smell offensively, Crrbo ver/ftahilif: ; when they spread, and are surrounded by pus- tules or small ulcers, give Lachesis. Ulcers on the toes, especially of old people, commencing with a blister, as if caused by a burn, are cured by Silicea; if, at the outset, there are blue black spots, by Arscnicutu, especially if warmth is agreeable ; but if warmth produces pain, S'cale is most suitable. In all such cases, the use of salves containing M'hite lead is very dangerous. Ulcers arodud an old wart, or around corns and the like, may be cured by Antiinoiiium crudinn. Ointments of lead or mercury will dry them up speedily, but fatal con&bquences may ensue, as the result of such treatment. Great pain and sometimes ulcers may be caused by the toe nails^ qroicing into thejlesh. The common remedy is to cut the nail, and particularly in the Bide where it has grown in ; the consequence of this is, that the nail grows the faster there, and in a short time the patient is again in the same predica- ment. Cutting the nail should only be resorted to when it is of consequence that the patient should walk again immediately ; when a little lint, gutta percha or tin-foil can be introduced with a dull penknife between the nail and the fikin, it is to be preferred. A handy person may do this himself ; soak the feet previously in warm water, which will facilitate the operation. When there is much proud flesh, strew some finely powdered loaf sugar on it twice a day, and use the foot as little as possible for a couple of days. At the same time scrape the nail in the middle with a sharp knife, and repeat this operation every day until it is as thin as it can be made without hurting. By these means the sides will heal much quicker, and the nail is more easily bent out, Ko as to introduce the lint between the skin and the nail. When the edges of the nail are rough, scrape them smooth, but du not cut them. CHAP. XIII. DISEASES OF THE SKIN. S35 The only means of curing this evil effectually, is to cut the nail frequently — but not in the shape of the toe. so that the middle pro- jects farthest, but the very reverse : leave the sides as they are, and cut the centre out as far as possible, as shown in the wood cut. A, the part to be scraped off; B, a linen tape or some linen threads passed under the nail. This need not be done at once, but gradually ; bathe the feet every week in warm water, and cut the nail as directed. The nail will in consequence, o-row more in the centre and less on the sides; if, after some time, the edges project too much, a trifle may be cut ofl'; when it injures the stockings, put a leather case over it. Not until after the expiration of a twelve-month should the nail be allowed to grow out even again, but never cut it very deep or close at the sides, as this is generally the cause of the evil. The soreness arising from the growing of the nails into the flesh, will mostly disappear as soon as sufficient lint, tin-foil or gutta percha has been introduced between the nail and the flesh ; the lint may, in addition, be moistened by water mixed with "Jiiidure of Arnica. If this is not entirely efitectual, or if the places are becoming ulcerated, Nux vomica will act bene- ficially. Causdcviu has been found by some to be efficacious; dip a linen rag into a solution of a few globules of it in water, and apply it several times a day; this will remove the proud flesh. If there is already a sore, and the above remedies should not speedily afford relief, do not be induced to have the nail removed or split. This barbarous operation may always be avoided by following the advice given above, and particularly when homoeopathic reme- dies are taken at the same time ; among these the principal are : Snljihui Arsenicum, Siliceaand Carho vegetabilis. Select one according to the kind of pains, disposition of the patient, &c. Abscess. An acute abscess should not be poulticed with warm bread and milk or linseed poultices, excc'pt in extreme cases. It is much better to use nothing but warm or cold water, as in whitlow. Hepar or Mercuriiis hastens the suppu- ration. Opening the abcess with a lancet is always injurious in the end, even if a temporary relief follows at first. A natural opening keeps the air out, an artificial one induces the air to rush in. Under skilful homoeopathic treatment, it is hardly ever necessary or advisable to open the abscess with the lancet. Hepar, 3d trit., in water, will hasten the breaking open quite suf- ficiently. If the suppuration should continue for a considerable length of time, Silicea. When hard places remain Mercnrius will be useful. For hard and swelled glands, on the neck, and under the chin or ears, Mer- curius, Dulcamara, Calcurea carhonica, &c., are principal remedies. Corns. Coruf arise not only from tight boots and shoes, but also from a certain disposition with some persons, which may be lessened by Aiitimoniuin cnidiim, Fhosphoriis, Rhus, Bryonia, Lycupodium, Fhosphoric acid, and Sulphur, accoi-uiug to temperament, constitution and other circumstances. 336 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. Relief may be obtained by bathing the feet in warm water and paring the corns closely, and applying Arnica plaster. If the corns pain much when the weather changes, take Rhus, sometimes ftlternately with Bryonia and Calcarea. Sore Feet From walking in boots, which rub the heel, should be treated with nothing but water, and Cepa should be taken internally, it will generally be well in a day or two. Warts. There is always a risk in cauterizing or cutting warts, for although it may frequently be done without apparent injury, dangerous consequences some- times ensue, especially to children and old people. They will very freqnenly disappear, when fleshy or seedy, after Caiisticum or Natrum muriaticum i when they are flat, hard and brittle, upon taking Antimonium crudum ; when upon the backs of the fingers, Dulcamara; when on the sides of the fingers Calcarea carhonica. Bed Sores. These may frequently be prevented by placing an open vessel filled with water under the bed of the patient, renewing the water every day ; or by bathing the red spots, that threaten to become sore, with brandy. Wetting the sore places with very cold water, or applying wet rags, accelerates the healing. When water alone will not effect a cure, dissolve in it a few drops oi Arnica tincture; and if there appears to be danger of mortification, give China, and wash the spots with the same medicine dissolved in a little water When the wound is large, apply scraped sweet carrots to it. CHAPTEE XIV. SOME GENERAL DISEASES. Rheumatic and Gouty Pains. Gout is difficult to cure, but the pain may at least be miti- gated. The complaints, inevitably produced by the common treatment with mercury, calomel, valerian, digitalis, colchicum, opium or laudanum, and other so-called harmless medicines, de- structive of human health, are prevented by homoeopathic treatment, and the patient is likewise spared the many tortures of external applications. OHAP. XIV. GENERAL DISEASES. 337 In wine and brandy drinkers, the first attack may be alleviated by Nux vomica ; for violent fever, give Aconitum, which may also be given after other remedies have been used, particularly Sulphivr. When the pain in the joints resembles that of a sprain, with redness, dread of being touched, an uncomfortable feeling, as if whatever the limb rested on was too hard for it. Arnica , when the redness spreads very much, and is very deep, Bella- donna ; when the pain flies quickly from one joint to another, and relief is felt when the limb is uncovered, give Pulsatilla ; if the pains become worse after it, give a cup of coflee, repeat the Pulsatilla^ and as long as it makes it worse continue the coffee. When the pain is mitigated upon covering the limb, and the patient is very weak and much reduced by the disease, give Arsejiicum; when the face is very pale and haggard, the pain stinging and tearing, worse during the night, and when the limbs must continually be moved from one place to another, Ferrum or Rhus ; when worse from being moved, Bryonia; worse from being touched, China; when the complaint is attended with nausea and a white-coated tongue, give Antimonium crudum^ and afterwards, if necessary, one of the other remedies. When the attacks return at every change of weather, give Calcarea; if the complaint becomes protracted, always give Sulphur, and if worse again, Aconitum ; if the limbs remain stiff afterwards, give Colo- cynthis; if they are stiff from old gouty swellings, give Caustu cum, morning and evening, and repeat it once a week for four or five weeks. Eheumatism with Fever. — Aconite if there is high fever, dry. hot skin, thirst and redness of the cheeks; violent shooting or tearing pains, worse at night ; redness, or shining swelling of the part affected ; the pains are aggravated by the touch ; extreme initability of temper ; disposition to uncover the parts, and relief from doing it. Belladonna when the pains are chiefly in the joints, shooting or burningr; worse at nis-ht and on movement; excessive '-wel- X 30 338 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. ling, and shining redness of the affected parts ; fever with red- ness of the face ; hot, moist skin, and thirst. Arnica., when the joints feel as if bruised or sprained ; hard, red, and shining swelling ; sensation as if the limbs were resting on some hard substance ; feeling as if lame, and a crawling in the affected part ; the pains are aggravated by the least motion ; great fear of persons approaching, because they might touch the affected part. Bryonia., if there are shooting, tearing or tensive pains; shifting pains which affect the muscles rather than the bones ; red and shining swelling, and rigidity of the parts affected; the pains are worse at night, and on the least movement ; profuse perspi- ration, or coldness and shivering; much heat, with headache and derangement of the stomach ; peevish or passionate temper. Chamomilla^ when there are drawing or tearing pains, with a sensation of numbness or of lameness in the parts affected; the pains are aggravated at night; fever with burning; partial heat preceded by chilliness; hot perspiration; desire to remain lying down ; great agitation and tossing about. Mercurins, for shooting, tearing, or burning pains, which are aggravated at night, especially towards morning, and in the warm bed, or by exp(^sure to damp or cold air ; puffy swelling of the affected parts ; the pains seem to be seated in the bones or joints ; profuse perspiration without relief. Lachesis may follow, \{ Mercurius is not sufficient. Hhiis, against tearing, burning or wrenching pains, with a sensaticm of weakness and crawling in the affected limb ; red and shining swelling of the joints, with rigidity and shootings Avhen touched ; the pains are worse during rest, and in cold or damp weather. Ekus is often suitable after Aconitum, Arnica, or Bryonia. Pulsatilla is serviceable when the pains are aggravated in the evening, or at night in bed, in a warm room, or on changing the position; pains which pass quickly from one joint to another; sensation of numbness in the parts affected ; the pains are CHAP. XIV. GENERAL DISEASES. 339 relieved by cool air ; for patients with a pale face and disposed to shiver and be chilly. China for pains which are aggravated by the slightest touch ; profuse perspiration ; great debility, especially from weakening causes, as loss of blood or other fluids. Hepar and Lachesis are frequently serviceable in cases after other remedies which appeared to be adapted to the case, but did not give much relief. When the disease attacks the heart, Aconitum, Arsemctim, Belladonna^ Lachesis, Pulsatilla, Spigelia, or Sulphur, selected according to symptoms. Rheumatism without Fever. — The remedy selected should be repeated at long intervals — not oftener than once a week. For pains which are excited or aggravated by the slightest chill, Aconiticm, Bryonia, Calcarea carhonica. Dulcamara, Mercu- rius, or Sulphur. When the attacks are excited by bad weather, Calcarea carhonica. Dulcamara, Rhus toxicodendron, Lycopodium., and Hepar sulphuris. When every change of weather causes a relapse, Calcarea carhonica, Silicea, Sulphur, Dulcamara, Bhus^ and Lachesis. Lumbago. Pain in the Loins and Back. — Aconitum if ac- companied by much fever. Arnica if caused by external injury, or by over-lifting, &o. Bryonia, when the pains in the back are very severe, compel- ling the patient to walk in a stooping posture ; aggravated by the least motion, or draught of air, and attended with a general chilliness. Nux vomica, when the part affected feels as if bruised, or as after excessive fatigue ; and when motion, and particularly turning in bed at night aggravates the pain ; also when accom- panied by weakness, constipation and irritable temper. Rhus, when the pains are similar to those described under Nux vomica, but are aggravated by rest. Belladonna may follow Aconitum, when the pains are deep- seated, and cause a heaviness, gnawing, or stiffness. 340 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. Pulsatilla^ when tlie pains resemble those mentioned under Nux vomica^ especially when occurring in persons of a mild disposition. Mercurius against pains like those described above, but which are much worse at night. Compare also, " Piles." Sciatica — Is like lumbago ; but the pain is more in the re- gion of the hip-joint, shooting down the back of the thigh, and sometimes extending to the foot. Aconiium, when there is a numbness in the limb or the toes. Golocynthis is particularly useful in this affection, especially when seated in the right hip, or if excited by a fit of anger or indignation. Rhus, when the pains are aggravated by rest ; and better by motion. Nux vomica^ when the pain is attended by a sensation of stiff- ness or contraction of the limb; also when torpor with chilliness is felt in the affected parts. Ignatia, against cutting pains, particularly on moving the limb. GhamomiUa, when the pains are worse at night, and attended with excessive sensitiveness. Arsenicum, in cases where the pains are acute and dragging, with a sensation of coldness in the part aS'ected ; also when the pains are periodical. It is also useful for emaciated persons. Crick in the Neck. This is a painful rheumatic affection of the neck. It is gene- rally occasioned by exposure to a draught of air, or by turning the head suddenly round. Aconitum or Belladonna may effect a cure. Should they be insufficeint Cocculus, Pulsatilla, Rhus, or Bryonia, will mostly suffice. Cramp in the Limbs. Cramp in the calves of the legs, the soles of the feet, and in other parts of the body, disturbs in sleep ; sometimes it is troublesome during the day. CHAP. XIV. GENERAL DISEASES. 841 The best means of obtaining relief during an attack, is to press the feet firmly against the bedstead or the wall, or to press and squeeze it with the hands. Those subject to cramps in the legs in bed, will ofteu escape it if they have their bed made in a slight incline, so that the whole body shall slope a little downwards towards the foot of the bed. A piece of cold iron held to the place of the cramp will often give relief. Veratrum, taken at night, before going to bed, for two nights, will generally overcome the predisposition to the complaint. Should it, however, be insufficient, take Sulphur or Golocynthis in the same way. Rhus will be found useful in cramps which occur during the day, especially while sitting. Rhus or Syoscyamus will cure cramps that come on while pulling oft" the boots. Cuprum for cramps, especially at night in bed, affecting chiefly the soles of the feet, and causing the. toes to be drawn in differ- ent directions. Lycopodium, in cramps occurring principally when walking. Golocynthis, for the stiffness and soreness which frequently re- main after an attack. Epilepsy. Epileptic Convulsions. Epilepsy, convulsions of the whole body or of single parts, are of so dififereut kinds that it is impossible to give here directions for curing them ; a homceo- pafhic physician should ahuays be consulied in these cases. If the cause is known, that will bring on such an attack, give the suitable remedies ; Opium is not alone suitable, if they are caused by fright, but also if occasioned by reproach, violent scolding and offence. Ignaiia is the chief remedy. An attack may sometimes be obviated by smelling Camphor when the first symptom of its approach is perceived. During the fit nothing else must be done, smelling salts or liquids and such like articles do no good whatever, the patients are only troubled and weakened by them. Even the homoeopathic remedies should not be given during the attack, they must be taken when the worst of the fit is over or has entirely ceased. The common practice amongst old school physicians of bleeding in convul- sions, is highly injurious, and should never be resorted to, as the almost invariable tendency of this practice is to cause an increase both in the fre- quency and violence of the attacks. Night-Mare. Persons subject to it should eat but little in the evening, and take light food at all times ; drink but little wine, beer or cofi'ee, A good preventive is 30* 342 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. to bathe every evening ; or rubbing the face, neck, the back of the head, the throat, shoulders, breast and abdomen with a wet towel ; and drink a glass of cold water before going to bed. At the same time take one of the following remedies : Nux vomica^ when the night-mare is caused by indulgence in spirituous liquors, strong beer, too high living, too much con- finement, if the patient does not take sufficient exercise in the open air. Aconitum, when it occurs in children and women, and is ac- companied by heat, thirst, palpitation of the heart, determination of bloo 1 to the head or chest, oppressed breathing, nervousness, uneasiness, &c. This remedy is also useful for the headache and febrile excitement which often follows the attacks. Opium, when the patient is lying with his eyes half closed, snoring, the mouth wide open, rattling in the throat, the breath- ing irregular, the face much distorted, and covered with a cold pei'spiration, and the limbs convulsed. Pulsatilla, when caused by rich food, cakes, nuts, &o. Sulphur or Silicea, if the attacks return often. Sleeplessness. In most cases when not the result of a disease, sleeplessness may be attributed to the manner of living. Some persons cannot eat anything in the evening, or but a little, without suffering from loss of sleep. Others cannot sleep soundly without they have eaten something before going to bed. Exercise in the open air is one of the best preventives, but it must not be taken too late iu the evening, or it will have an effect contrary to the one desired. When exciting, agreeable events are the cause, take Coffea ; when terrible or frightful ones, Opium; when agitating ones, Aconitum ; when the events are tormenting and cause dejection, L/natia, &c., always select the remedy according to the cause, see " EfiFects of the Mind." The most common causes of sleeplessness are the use of coffee and tea, for which see the remedies, (see page 37.) When a surfeit is the cause, give Pulsatilla ; when late reading or singing is followed by wakefulness. Nux vomica; when complaints of the bowels and flatulency, Chamomilla. When various figures and visions appear before the eyes, and prevent sleeping, Ojmim ; and if this does not soon prove efficacious, Belladonna. Children are generally benefitted by Coffea; old people by Opium. Sleep is sometimes brought on by rubbing the forehead with the flat hand, particularly if you determine to do this one hundred and one times; if it does no good do not get impatient, but commence anew, and so on. Others fall to sleep when they imagine that thej are writing the date up on a high, very high wall with a long, very long stick, with tall, very tall letters. Sleeplessness is frequently occasioned by some disease, to which refer under its proper head for thtf necessary remedies, or consult a homoeopathic physician. CIIAF. XIV. GENERAL DISEASES. 343 Dropsy. The different kinds of dropsy should always be treated by a homoeopathic physician, there is always time enough to do so. Ague. Chills and Fever. Fever and Ague. Intermittent Fever. This disease attacks in some places and at some seasons a great number of persons ; usually where much moist land is drying, and particularly at the commencement of dry weather in the spring and autumn. If you can remove at such times from these places do so, but if you are compelled to remain there, pay particular attention to the sleeping room. It should be airy and dry ; you should open the windows only a few hours in the middle of the day; put the bed not against a wall, but, if possible, with the head towards the south Individuals who are compelled to sleep in damp houses, or on the lower floor of houses badly situated, may be in some measure protected by placing a layer of stone coal, broken very small, under their beds. Advantage may also be derived from wearing silk shirts, and by sleeping between silk sheets, which can be made of old dresses. Powdered sulphur, worn in the stockings has appeared to prevent the frequent recurrence of the fever in some cases, it may be used until we know of a better preventive. Particular attention should be paid to the manner of living; eat nothing that lie? bsavy on the stomach; avoid pastry, things baked or roasted with fat, and all kinds of badly dressed food , eat well cooked meat and vegetables, or meat which has been slowly and properly stewed in a closed vessel, with much gravy without any seasoning except salt. Whilst the fever prevails, pies are very injurious. Kaw ham, but well smoked like that from Westphalia, with black pepper is more wholesome than when it has been rendered indigestible by being overdone by frying. Everything acid and fat should be avoided at such times ; acids are good iu the heat of summer; fat may be used in the cold of winter. During the cold stage let the patient be well covered with blankets which are perfectly dry; if you have a silk coverlet, wrap it around the lower extremities and abdomen, if the patient finds it agreeable. In the hot stage, linen or muslin makes a better covering. Frequent wiping with a warm, wet cloth also gives much relief in this stage. During the sweating stage, the patient should not be covered too warmly; and after it is over, the linen and bed should be changed. The linen should be well aired and warmed, which is best done by a healthy person rubbing it with his hands, until all the smell of soap is gone ; in fact, this should be done with all linen intended for the sick. Those who have not a sufficiency of linen, will do well to lie naked between blankets during the stage of perspiration, and to put on the shirt when this is over. If the patient complains of thirst, give him as much cold water as he wishes, if good spring water can be had ; if the water is bad, give toast and water, it may be either warm or cold ; water containing iron is particularly injurious in this case. If he prefers it warm during the cold stage, give him toast and water or mucilaginous drinks, such as barley water or thin oatmeal gruel. When the patient vomits much, and feels very weak, give him coffee without milk. During the hot stage, cold water is the best drink ; but if the patient 844 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. is very ill and craves acids, lemonade or tamarind water may be given m molerate quantities. In the sweating stage the patient should drink nothing but cold water. At first, intermittent fever causes more trouble, than afterwards, when it shows itself by swelling and hardness below the ribs, generally on the left side. In the commencement of the disease it is dangerous to suppress it by china or quinine, it may be done only in cases of great necessity, at this time it can be cured best by homoeopathic remedies. Later, when the atUicks are more violent and the patient feels well in the intervals, the disease is more difhcult to cure, and in these cases it may sometimes be suppressed by quinine, thiiugh it has often bad consequences. At a still later period, when the s])Ieen and liver are swollen, take care not to use much quinine, it will iu most cases only hasten dropsy and other succeeding diseases. For all fevers which occur in the neighborhood of marshy places, new canals, newly-broken lands, »Scc., take, as soon as you feel unwell, a dose of China ; if no better after twelve hours, take Ipecacuanha ; after twelve hours China again. If the fever is not prevented in this way, select one of the following remedies. In this, as in all other fevers, it is necessary to pay more atten- tion to the symptoms, than is done by the aloeopathists ; observe, how chill, heat and sweat follow one another, when the patient is thirsty, and what he feels between the attacks. If you cannot find the suitable remedy, give a dose of Ipecac- uanha after the attack, and repeat it every three to four hours until the next day a few^ hours before the time the last attack came on ; if no attack comes on, give nothing else on that day, but give a dose on the following day, a few hours before the expected attack. If it returns, watch the symptoms and give another remedy. If you have selected one, give it first, after the attack is over; and, second, repeat it a few hours before the time the next attack is expected to return. If the fever had been stopped, but returns again, give first a remedy for the cause of the relapse, and then the remedy, after the administration of which it stopped. Ipecacuanha is useful in most cases of this disease, and will frequently, when properly s-elected, of itself effect a cure. When there is any doubt in regard to the choice of a remedy, especi- ally at the commencement of the disease, this remedy may be administered. The following symptoms, however, clearly point CHAP. XIV. GENERAL DISEASES. 345 to its employment: much internal chilliness, which is increased by external warmth ; little or no thirst in the cold stage, but a great deal in the hot stage ; clean or slightly furred tongue ; nausea and vomiting, and oppression of the chest immediately before the attack, or during the cold and hot stages. Arsenicum when the different stages are not distinctly marked, but the chilliness, heat and fever occur simultaneously, or when there are frequent changes from chilliness to heat, and vice versa ; or internal chilliness with external heat ; also when the paroxysm is imperfectly developed ; when there is little or no sweating, or at least not for some time after the heat has subsided ; great prostration of strength ; burning pains in the stomach, insup- portable pains in the limbs, or all over the body; anxiety and restlessness; excessive thirst; drinking often but' little at a time; uneasiness about the heart, or oppression and spasms of the chest; nausea or sickness and vomiting; bitter taste in the mouth ; violent headache, continuing after the hot stage; buzzing in the ears during the sweating. All the sufferings of the patient, as the headache, pain in the limb? &;c., are increased during the attack. Ghwa, if the fit is preceded by nausea ; voracious appetite ; headache; agitation; palpitation of the heart, or sneezing; thirst during the sweating stage, sometimes continuing all the time between the attacks ; chills alternating with heat, or when the heat does not come on for some time after the chills have ceased; sleeplessness or disturbed sleep; great weakness and sallow complexion. It must not be given when there is much thirst during the cold or hot stages. This remedy is valuable in most intermittents in marshy places, and may be given as soon as the first symptoms show themselves, as stated above. Ferrum, against symptoms resembling the preceding, and also when there is determination of blood to the head; throbbing in the neck and temples; swelling around the eyes; pressure in the stomach and abdomen, particularly after eating ; vomiting of food; tension of the abdomen, and shortness of breath; weakness of the limbs ; hardness and fulness in one or both sides 846 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. of the abdomen, close under the short ribs; swelling of the feet as in beginning of dropsy. Arnica^ when the cold stage generally comes on early in the morning, or in the forenoon, with thirst before the chill; draw- ing and pain in all the bones preceding the fever; the patient feels uncomfortable in every position, and is constantly changing about; dull or stupid; perspiration and breath offensive. Veratrum, when there is external coldness with internal heat; cold clammy sweat, particularly on the forehead, and general coldness of the whole body ; or chilliness without heat, or chil- liness and heat by turns; giddiness; constipation of the bowels, or diarrhoea ; sometimes nausea, or vomiting, and pains in the back and loins. Sainbucus, when the sweating is very profuse, and continues until another fit comes on, if it otherwise suits the symptoms stated under Ipecacuanha, Arsenicum, China, Ferrum, Arnica and Veratrum. Antimoniirm crudum is indicated when the tongue is very much furred ; bitter and nauseous taste ; belching ; sickness of the stomach; vomiting; little or no thirst, and constipation or diarrhoea. (See PuUaiilla) Bryonia, for similar symptoms, but attended with much thirst; or the heat before the chills; red cheeks in the cold stage ; yawn- ing, and stitches in the side during the heat ; more coldness and chills than heat, and constipation or diarrhoea. Gina. Vomiting and voracious appetite before, during or after the fever; thirst either during the hot, or during the cold stage; pale face during the cold and hot stage ; constant rubbing of the nose. Ignatia. if there is thirst in the cold, but not in the hot stage; the chilliness lessened by external warmth ; heat of some parts of the body, with coLlness and chill of others ; heat externally only; pain in the bowels during the cold stage, followed by heat, with debility and sleepiness. Rhus. The attacks usually come on in the after part of the day, and consist of heat, preceded and followed by chills ; cold- CHAP. XIV. GENERAL DISEASES. 347 ness of some parts of the body, and heat of others ; perspiration after midnight, or towards morning ; the heat accompanied by a rash ; pain in the bowels, and diarrhoea ; pressure at the pit of the stomach ; palpitation of the heart, and anxiety. Nux vomica, when the attack commences with great debility and want of strength, with desire to lie down ; giddiness, with a feeling as if drunken ; cramps in the muscles of the abdomen or calves of the legs; stitches in the sides; alternate heat and chills, or heat preceding the chills; heat externally and chilli- ness internally, or vice versa ; desire to be constantly covered, even during the hot and the sweating stages; external warmth affords no relief; heat and pain in the head; buzzing in the ears; redness of the cheeks; thirst and anxiety during the hot stage; constipation. Ghamomilla is indicated when the tongue is loaded with a white or yellow coating ; nausea and bitter vomiting ; loathing of food ; much thirst in the hot stage, and even in the sweating stage ; pressure and uneasiness in the region of the heart ; more beat and perspiration than coldness ; pain in the right groin, and loose watery stools. (Compare Antimonium crudum and Bri/- onia.) Pulsatilla, particularly when the slightest disorder of the stomach brings on a relapse. It is particularly indicated by absence of thirst during the entire fit, or thirst only during the hot stage; heat and chilliness at the same time; bitter taste in the mouth; bitter or sour vomiting of phlegm or bile; the attacks come on in the afternoon or evening, and the patient complains of chilliness all the time. Antimonium crudum. Coated tongue; bitter or bad taste, belching, nausea, vomiting, little or no thirst (compare Pulsa- tilla); constipation or diarrhoea. After Lachesis, and if quinine had been taken. Capsicum. Chilliness attended with thirst, followed by heat without thirst, or thirst only during the hot stage ; chills violent and long continued ; intense burning, both internally and exter- 348 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. nally ; accumulation of phlegm in the mouth and throat , slimy, burning diarrhoea, and great intolerance of noise. Goffea, in sensitive persons, who suffer greatly from nervous excitement, even though the fever be but slight ; paroxysms of heat and thirst, with flushed face, followed by general perspira- tion ; the thirst frequently continues through the sweating stage ; watery diarrhoea. Cocculus, in agues attended with cramp or spasms of the sto- mach and abdomen, obstinate constipation, and much nervous excitement. Natrum muriaticum is one of the best remedies in intermit- tents, but its effect must be waited for with great patience for several days ; violent pains in the head during the chilliness and heat; lengthy chills; dimness of vision, and partial loss ofcon- sciousness during the hot stage ; impaired sight, even after the fever, and during the time between the attacks; chaps and fis- sures on the lips, particularly at the corners of the mouth ; slight fever, continuing through the intermission. (Compare Arseni- cum and Ignatia.) Lachesis, when the attacks come on in the afternoon and are accompanied by violent pains in the small of the back and limbs; oppression of the chest ; violent headache with red face, and continual talking during the hot stage ; or internal chilliness and external heat, with ashy or yellowish color of the face. It is particularly serviceable when a relapse had been produced by the use of salads, vinegar, &c., or after it had been suppressed by quinine, but returns. Pulsatilla may follow or alternate with Lachesis in such cases. Belladonna has been found useful when two or more attacks occur in the twenty -four hours — the cold stage slight, and the hot stage violent, or the reverse, violent chill and slight heat; great sensitiveness, and inclination to shed tears; constipation, or loose and scanty chalk-like stools ; sometimes attended with violent congestion to the head, a red face, severe pain in the head, and dulness or stupor. Hyoscyamus, in cases similar to the latter, but attended by a CHAP. XIV. GENERAL DISEASES. 349 dry cough at night, worse when lying down, and better when sitting up. Nux moschata. Tongue white-coated ; only in the heat a little thirst ; sleep during the cold stage ; if external warmth is plea- sant, but the open air disagreeable ; if all parts, upon which the patient lies, commence soon to ache. Also if the spleen is swollen and hard. Hepar, if a cold or catarrh affects the head and chest ; bitter taste in the mouth ; chilliness, with thirst, followed by heat, sleepiness. It is often suitable before or after Belladonna. Glonoine if the blood rushes to the head, if there is a feeling as if a waving heat was rising up from the pit of the stomach to the head; beating in the head and cold sweat in the face; if the attack ends with a warm perspiration. IleTcurius, in quickly alternating chills and heat, with restless- ness ; thirst ; palpitation of the heart ; profuse, offensive, sour perspiration. Sulphur when the attacks come on in the after part of the day, with evening chills, fever during the night and sweating in the morning; palpitation of the heart; also if an eruption of the skin has been checked. Calcarea, when there are alternate chills and heat ; external coldness and internal heat ; heat in the head and face, with coldness of the limbs, sometimes cold up to the abdomen ; giddiness ; feeling of heaviness in the head and limbs ; violent pains in the small of the back, and anxiety. Compare Sulphur and Veratrum. Garho vegetahilis, when the attack is preceded or attended by pains in the teeth and limbs ; thirst, only in the cold stage, with vertigo, redness of the face, and sick stomach during the hot stage. Aconitum, when the chill and heat are both violent ; or when they appear together ; great external heat, especially of the face and head, and acute pains in the side. Opium^ particularly in intermittents in aged persons, and children. Drowsiness, with heavy sleep, loud snoring, with tho 31 850 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. mouth open ; congestion of blood to the head, with red and puffy appearance of the face ; and jerking of the limbs. In marshy places. — Arnica, Arsenicum, Carbo vegetabilis, China, Cina, Fer- rum, Ipecacuanha, Natrum muriaticum, Rhus, Yeratrum. In damp, cold seasons. — Calcarea, Carbo vegetabilis, China, Lachesis, Nux nioschata, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Sulphur, Yeratrum. In spring and summer. — Antimonium crudum, Arsenicum, Belladonna, Cap- sicum, Carbo vegetabilis, Cina, Ipecacuanha, Lachesis, Natrnm muriaticum, Nux vomica, Pulsatilla, Sulphur, Veratrum. In autumn. — Bryonia, China, Nux vomica, Rhus, Yeratrum, Mismanaged, by large doses of quinine. — Arnica, Arsenicum, Belladonna, Calcarea, Capsicum, Carbo vegetabilis, Cina, Ferrum, Ipecacuanha, Lachesis, Mercurius, Natrum muriaticum, Nux moschata, Nux vomica, Pulsatilla, Sulphur, Veratrum. An attack everyday. — Aconitum, Arsenicum, Belladonna, Bryonia, Calcarea, Capsicum, Carho vegetabilis, Chiria, Ignaiia, Ipecacuanha, Lachesis, Natrum muriaiicum, Nux vomica, Puhatilla, Rhus, Sulphur, Vera- trum. every other day. — Antimonium crudum. Arnica, Arsenicum, Bella- donna, Bryonia, Calcarea, Capsicum, Carho vegetabilis, Chamomilla, China, Ipecacuanha, Lachesis, Natrum muriaticum, Nux moschata, Nvx vomica, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Yeratrum. every fourth day. — Aconitum, Arnica, Arsenicum, Carbo vegetabilis, Ignatia, Nux moschata, Pulsatilla, Veratrum. every two vreeks. — Arsenicum. every year. — Arsenicum, Carbo vegetabilis, Lachesis. Coming on in the evening. — Aconitum, Arnica, Arsenicum, Belladonna, Bryonia, Calcarea, Carbo vegetabilis, Ignatia, Ipecacuanha, Lachesis, Mercurius, Nux vomica, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Sidphur. In the night. — Arsenicum, Belladonna, Calcarea, Capsicum, Carbo vegetabilis, Chamomilla, Hepar, Mercurius, Nux vomica, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Sulphur, Vei-airum. in the morning. — Arnica, Arsenicum, Belladonna, Bryonia, Calcarea, Carbo vegetabilis, Chamomilla, China, Hepar, Lachesis, Mercurius, Natrum muriaticum, Nux vomica, Sulphur, Veratrum. Chill and coldness only. — Bryonia, Capsicum, China, Coffea, Hyoscyamns, Ipecacuanha, Nux vomica, Pulsatilla, Veratrum. Chill and heat, but no sweat. — Aconitum, Arnica, Arsenicum, Belladonna, Bryonia, Capsicum, Carbo vegetabilis, Chamomilla, Ignatia, Ipecacu- anha, Mercurius, Nttx vomica, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Sulphur. CHAP. XIV. GENERAL -DISEASES. 3ol ChiU and sweat, but no heat.— Arsenicum, Bryonia, PulmtUla, Rhiis, Sul- phur, Verali-um. Heat only, little or no chill and sweat, — Aconitum, Arsenicum, Belladonna, Bryonia, Calcarea, Cofft^a, Ipecacuanha, Lachesis, Nux vomica, Opium, Pulsatilla, Sulphur, Veratrum. Heat and sweat, but no chill. — Aconitum, Arsenicum, Belladonna, Bryonia, Capsicum, Carbo vegetabilis, Chamomilla, China, Cina, Coffea, Ilepar, Ignatia, Ipecacuanha, Nux vomica, Opium, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Vera- trum. Sweat prevailing. — Aconitum, Arsenicum, Belladonna, Bi-yonia, Calcarea, Carbo vegetabilis, Cina, Hepar, Mercurius, Natrum muriaticum, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Samhiicus, Sulphur, Veratrum. Chill, heat amd sweat, aU of the same degree. — Aconitum, Arsenicum, Belladonna, Bryonia, Capsicum, Chamomilla, China, Cina, Hepar, Ignatia, Ipecacuanha, Nux vomica, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Sulphur, Vera^ irum. Chill, then heat. — Aconitum, Arnica, Bryonia, Belladonna, Capsicum, Carbo vegetabilis, China, Cina, Hepar, Hyoscyamus, Ignatia, Ipecacuanha, Natrum muriaticum, Nnx vomica, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Sidphur, Vera- trum. First heat then chill. — Belladonna, Bryonia, Calccrea, Capsicum, Nux vomica, Pulsatilla, Sulphur. Heat and chlU, alternating. — Arsenicum, Belladonna, Bryonia, Calcarea, China, Mercurius, Natrum muriaticum, Nux vomica, Sulphur, Vera- trum. Heat and chUl at the same time. — Aconitum, Arsenicum, Belladonna, Bryo- nia, Calcarea, Chamomilla, China, lynatia. Ipecacuanha, Mercurius, Nux vomica, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Sulphur, Veratrum. heat externally, chill internally. — Aconite, Arsenicum, Belladonna, Calcarea, Coffea, Ignatia, Lachesis, Nux vomica. Sulphur. . heat internally, chill externally. — Arnica, Bryonia, China, Mercu- rius, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Veratrum. Sweat coming on with the chill.— Arsenicum, Calcarea, Nux vomica, Pul- satilla, Sulphur. ChiU then sweat, without heat —Bryonia, Capsicum, Rhus, Veratrum. Sweat and heat together.— Aconitum, Belladonna, Bryonia, Capsicum, Chamomilla, China, Cina, Eepar, Ignatia, Ipecacuanha. Mercurius, Nux vomica. Opium, Rhus, Veratrum. Sweat after the hea.t.-~ Arseninim, Bryonia, Carbo vegetabilis, Chamomilla, China, Ciua, Coffea, Hepar, lynatia, Ipecacuanha, Opium, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Sulphur, Veratrum. 352 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. Thirst before the attack. — Arnica, China, Pulsatilla, Sulphur. ■ during the chill. — Aconitum, Antimonium crudum, Arnica, Arsenicum, Bryonia, Calcarea, Capsicum, Carbo vegetahilis, Chamomilla, China, Cina, Hepar. Ignatia, Ipecacuanha, Nat rum muriaticum, Niix vomica, lihus, Sulphur, Veratrum. • after the chill, but before the heat. — Arsenicum, China, Pulsatilla, ■. and heat together. — Aconitum, Belladonna, Bryonia, Calcarea, Cap. sicum, Chamomilla, China, Hepar, Hyoscyamus, Lachesis, Mercurius, Natrum muriaticum, Nux vomica, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Sulphur, Vera- trum. No thirst during the heat. — Arsenicum, Belladonna, Capsicum, Carbo vege- tabilis, China, Ignatia, Ipecacuanha, Lachesis, Mercurius, Nux moschata, Nux vomica, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Sambucus, Sulphur, Yera« trum. Thirst after the heat. — China, Nux vomica, Opium, Pulsatilla. during the sweat. — Arsenicum, Chamomilla, China, Hepar, Mercu rius, Natrum muriaticum, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Veratrum, • after the sweat. — Nux vomica. Complaints accompanying Intermittent Fever. Pains in the limbs. — Arsenicum, China, Natrum muriaticum, Nux vomica, Rhus, Veratrum. Great weakness. — Arsenicum, China, Ferrum, Hyoscyamus, Lachesis, Natrum muriaticum, Nux vomica, Rhus. Dropsical symptoms. — Arsenicum, China, Ferrum. Drowsiness and sleepiness —Belladonna, Carbo vegetabilis, Hyoscyamus, Lachesis, Opium, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Sleep during the chill. — Natrum muriaticum, Nux moschata. during the heat. — Ignatia. after the chill. — Arsenicum. Great nervous and mental excitement. — Aconitum, Arsenicum, Belladonna, Bryonia, Chamomilla, CofTea, Ignatia, Nux vomica, Pulsatilla. Rush of blood to the head (with giddiness, delirium, stupor.) — Aconitum, Belladonna, Bryonia, Carbo vegetabilis, Glonoine, Hyoscyamus, Lachesis, Nux vomica, Opium, Pulsatilla, Rhus. Violent headache. — Arnica, Arsenicum, Belladonna, China, Glonoine, Ig- natia. Lachesis, Nttnim mmiaticum, Nux vomica, Pulsatilla, Rhus. Deranged stomach. — Antimonium crudum, Arsenicum, Belladonna, Bryonia; Chamumilla, China, Ignatia, Ipecacuanha, Natrum muriaticum, Kux vomica, Pulsatilla, Sulphur. Vomiting. — Antimonium crudum, Arsenicum, Bryonia, Chini, Cina, Ignatia Nux vomica, Pulsatilla. CHAP. XIV. GENERAL DISEASES. 353 Vomiting during the chill. — Bryonia, Ignatia. after the chill. — Arsenicum, Nux vomica. . during the heat. — Nux vomica. of bUe — Bryonia, Ignatia, Nux vomica. of mucus. — China, Ignatia, Pulsatilla. of victuals. — Ignatia. Tongue, coated white. — Antimonium crudum, Bryonia, Nux moschata. sticky, dry during the chUl. — Bryonia. Diarrhoea. — Arnica Arsenicum, Chamomilla, China, Ipecuacanha, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Veratrum. Constipation. — Arsenicum, Bryonia, Calcarea, Mercurius, Nux vomica. Spleen, hardness of. — Nux moschata. pain In. — Capsicum. Liver, pains and swelling of — Arsenicum, China, Mercurius, Nux vomica. Catarrhal symptoms (cough, &c.) — Aconitum, Belladonna, Bryonia, China, Hepar, Lachesis, Mercurius, Nux vomica, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Sulphur. Oppression of the chest and difficulty of breatliing. — Aconitum, Antimo- nium crudum, Arnica, Arsenicum, Bryonia, China, Ferrum, Hepar, Ipecacuanha, Lachesis, Nux vomica, Pulsatilla, Sulphur, The above accompanying complaints are present particularly: Before the attack. — Arnica, Arsenicum, Belladonna, Calcarea carbonica, Carhn ve ^efabilis, China, Cina, Ignatia, Ipecacvanha, Nafnon vmria- ticum, Nux vomica. Puis itilla, ]Nius, Sulphur. During the chill. — Arnica, Arsenicum, Bri/onia, Calcarea, Gipftionn, Carbo vegetabilis, China, Cina, H-^par, Ljnatia, I pecacinniiia. Lachesis, Mercurius, Natrum muriaticum, Nux moschata, Xnx v •mica, FidsU' tilla, Rhus, Verntrum. During the heat. — Aconitum, Arsenicum, Bryonia, Belladonna, Calcarea, Capsicum, Carbo vegetabilis, Ckamomilla, China, Coffea, Hyoscy- anms, Ignatia, Ipecacuanha, Lachesis, Mercurius, Natrum muria- ticum, Nux vomica, Opium, F}ilsatilla, Rhus, Sulphur, Veratrum, During the sweat. — Aconitum, Arsenicum, Bryonia, Chamomilla, Lachesis, Mercurius, Nux vomica, Opium, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Sulphur, Vera- trum, After the attack. — Arsenicum, Bryonia, Carbo vegetabilis, Coffea, Ignatia, Lachesis, Nux vomica, Pulsatilla, Rhus. Pulse, Intermittent. — Arsenicum, China, Lachesis, Mercurius, Natrum muri- aticum, Nux vomica. Opium, apparently wanting. — Aconitum, Arsenicum, Carbo vegetabilis, Ilyoscvamus, Opium, Veratrum. 354 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. Pulse hard. — Aconitum, Belladonna, Bryonia, Hyoscyaraus, Nux Tomies, Sulphur. email. — Aconitum, Arsenicum, Belladonna, Hyoscyamus, Lachesis, Mercurius, Nux vomica. Opium, Veratrum. slow. — Belladonna, China, Mercurius, Opium, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Sara bucus, Veratrum. hurried. — Aconitum, Arsenicum, Belladonna, Bryonia, Hyoscyamus, Mercurius, Pulsatilla, Sulphur. Irregular. — Aconitum, Antimonium crudum, Arsenicum, Bryonia, China, Hepar, Lachesis, Mercurius, Natrum muriaticum, Rhus. . full. — Aconitum, Belladonna, Bryonia, Ferrum, Hyoscyamus, Lache8is, Nux vomica. Opium, Pulsatilla, Sambucus, Sulphur. • soft. — Carbo vegetabilis, China, Veratrum. trembling. — Arsenicum, Mercurius, Rhus. Congestive or Pernicious Fever. Remittent or Bilious Fever. These fevers, like intermittent fevers, are caused by a poison- ous air, called miasma. In the commencement they may be treated as stated under Fever and Ague. But they should always be treated by a homoeopathic physician. If the blood rushes to the head, causing very soon loss of consciousness, Glonoine should give relief; seldom Aconitum, and still more seldom Belladonna, according to the symptoms stated under " Conges tion to the Head, and Headache." Yellow-Fever. A-. sure as the cholera will never pass a boundary line — snl- phur<^tted hydrogen — or spread among people with sulphur in their stockings, so sure can it be said to Yellow Fever: " Thus far, and no farther!" But being a very different disease, it must be done in an entirely different way ; sulphur would only pro- mote the evil. Just as I recommended Fear, Care and Sulphur in Asiatic Cholera, so I recommend Fright, Bun and Charcoal in Yellow Ftsver. Fright, because it would make people run away. Every one CHAP. XTV. GEXERAL DISEASES. 355 who can pr^ssibly _-> aw-Aj ought to do so; the sooner the better; even the sick should be sccattered, never crowded. The Yellow Fever has always one or more central points whence it spreads around, and is always communicated by inha- lation. The substan'ce carrying the disease is of a gaseous nature, and, it acts on others not only more or less according to their state of susceptibility, exactly as it is in all infective diseases, but this infective gaseous substance must be in a certain state of condensation ; it acts not if much diluted, mixed with a large body of air. In this respect the cause and carrier of Yellow Fever, the miasma, as it is called, differs from others ; it is only similar to the miasma from swamps, causing intermittent fever, but this latter is confined to certain localities; it cannot be carried about from place to place, it cannot be spread by the sick and dead. Single cases of Yellow Fever, scattered about particularly in a pure atmosphere, in an air higher, cooler and more in motion, will never spread the disease, and have never done so. There- fore, the sooner and wider apart the sick are scattered about, the sooner the whole epidemic will be over. If this scattering about is done before a " panic," as this disease of the mind is called, spreads about, it will not be opposed by ignorant, barbarous neighbors, as has been the case. To scatter the sick is like scattering a fire, which will soon die out if there is no accumu- lat'on of combustible matter. To recommend people to go away from the focus is like removing combustible matter from a store on fire, which ought to be done in time and regular order by an organized body. All those who are necessary to oversee and form this organized body should stay, all others go away. I admire with all my heart the grandeur of mind, shown by the members of the Howard Association in facing the terrible enemy, assisting the sick ; the clergymen who stood firmly on their post to console in that reign of terror; the states- men who took the helm to prevent disorder and confusion ; all of them sacrificing their own comforts, health, and risking their lives. I admire all but one class— the physicians of the old 356 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. school. Although it was, as a matter of course, their plain duty to stay, it would have been much better for the sick, if they all had lun away, following the example of their illustrious pre- ceptor, Galen, who, as soon as an epidemic broke out, mounted his mule, and run away with his valuable boxes ; his slave run- ning after him as fast as only a slave can, who is running away. What a display of wisdom and deep learning, to give calomel for no other reason than that the patients looked yellow, and be- cause the liver ought to have something to do with it; for calomel acts, according to their most stupid superstition, on the liver I As if every one, who recovered, would not certainly have done so mucli sooner and better without it. To give quinine and fill the madhouses with idiots and fools, the almshouses with the blind, the deaf and the lame; all made artificially a burden to society by this same drug! One of the most renowned physicians of the South came to Norfolk for the express purpose of advising his brother physi- cians to give nothing, no medicine whatever. He was truly a wise man, and an honest one. The next thing in be done is to destroy the miasma on all points of generation, in each f )cus. The stagnant swamps along shore, the wharves, canals, &;c., are out of the question in times of danger, and ought not to be touched ; stirring them up would oiily increase the poison in the air; what should have been done in the fall and winter cannot be done in summer. But every ship with stinking bilge-water, or which had Yellow Fever or similar diseases on board, ought to be disinfected. It was one of the greatest absurdities of the old school to suppose that chloride of lime, which destroyed some other, entirely different, miasmas, would destroy that of Yellow Fever. It is nothing but a remnant of the old superstitious times, when doctors were hunting for one antidote to all poisons, and when they tried to find a one remedy for all diseases. Every substance which is intended to destroy another, must have a chemical affinity for it. A few experiments would have con- vinced any one that chlorine mixes with the miasma without CHAP, XIV. GENERAL DISEASES. 357 changing it in the least. It is the same with all other " fumiga- tions," even the most ridiculous, fires in the streets ! But fire produces a substance which, as chemistry has known for nearly one hundred years, has the most peculiar property of absorbing gases, — it is the common charcoal. Experiments will prove to any one, what astonishing quantities of gases will be readily absorbed by a mere handful of charcoal — the more if it is crushed or coarsely powdered, as this gives it a laro-er surface. And, what is to be particularly remarked, gases of that class to which the miasma of Yellow Fever no doubt belongs, are by preference, as it were, and in larger quantities, absorbed by charcoal. A few bucketfuls of it will disinfect a whole ship, if thrown down into the bilge water, repeated, if necessary, until there is no longer any bad smell. This has never been done, and why not? The little black particles of charcoal are rather difficult to get out again ! That's all. The same objection to it we will find in hospitals and private sick rooms. My first proposition, since 1853,* when I had the first chance of observing for myself cases of Yellow Fever, was to send ship- loads of charcoal to all infected places, to disinfect all suspicious vessels with it thoroughly, to have it in every sick-room, to put it by haudsful on all and everything which passes from a Yellow Fever patient, what he vomits, his urine, his stools, at once before they are carried away ; his sheets and bed-clothes before they are washed. This should be done in all and every case, and the washerwomen would then not die of the disease, as they have done, even in Philadelphia, in 1853. But it would, of course, require a great deal more water and work to remove all the little black spots from the linen. Above all others, it should be the most peremptory rule to cover all corpses, without exception, and fill up the coffins with it, as the corpses produce the poisonous gas, and spread the dis- ease more than anything else. By comparing the maps of the * Printed in " The HomcEopatbic News," No. 7, October, 1855. 358 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. towns, and the local history of the epidemics, I found that the course of the fever was not so much in the direction of the pre- vailing winds, sometimes even against them, but always towards the burying-grounds, aad principally along the streets through which the dead were carried, — the fever followed the dead. As this use of charcoal should be ordered and enforced by the authorities — for the general application only can produce a perceptible result — let the following experiment be made in a public place, which will convince every one of the great useful- ness of charcoal : Put a dead rat into a small wooden box, upon a layer of char- coal about three inches thick, fill the box so that there are about six inches of charcoal over the rat. Every one knows what a terrible stench will come in due time from a dead rat. Place this box upon the main table of the council room, and let every one of the rulers of the town take a smell at it every day. If they should perceive more than the common cellar air, they have only to change the upper layer of charcoal, and all the smell will have gone in a few minutes. The rat may rot in a parlor without anybody perceiving it. In a few weeks nothing but skin, hair, sinews atid bones will be left. If a grave had been filled with charcoal, at least three to foui feet high, it might be opened afterwards without any danger. A corpse, in a hermetically closed coffin, surrounded with charcoal two feet thick, might be transported without danger to any place. But "let the dead bury the dead;" the most important result of such a rule, strictly carried out, would be the cessation of the fever in a very short time. All this, however, is independent of the treatment of the sick ; but if, in addition to it, all cases were treated homoeopathically, the good results would in a single week be ])erceived by all. It happens, not accidentally of course, but according to a law of nature, that what is the true chemical antidote, is also the best preventive and remedy, if taken internally, or the chemical is analogous to the dynamical. It happens, that among the sj'^mptoms of Carho vegetabilis, as CHAP. XIV. GENERAL DISEASES. 359 collected by Hahnemann, we find a true and most striking simi- larity of the same group of symptoms which characterize Yellow Fever, It must be left to the scientific part of the physicians to examine this thesis, it is not for everybody. The best preventive is Carho vegetahilis in homoeopathic preparations. The degree of attenuation, and the repetition, do not seem to be matters of much importance ; time and careful observations will show. But if given at the very first, it may be sufficient. One dose of the highest dilution has been suffi- cient in several cases. A patient who had already, on the first day, bleeding of the gums, got well by taking the third tritura- tion every six to eight hours, for a few days. During the state of the greatest alarm, fatigue and exhaustion, manv homoeopathic physicians have given Aconltum and Bella- donna, even in alternation ; I cannot find a sufficient similarity neither with the one nor the other. Still the reports are a great deal more favorable than those of the alloeopathists would be, because the latter always kill more than they cure. If the homoeopathic physicians were governed, from the very commencement of the epidemic, by the law of similarity, and find, according to Hahnemann's rule in the Organon, § 100-102, the medicines most corresponding with the character of the epi- demic, which may change and will differ in different places, at different seasons and years, the results ought to be by far more favorable and striking than they have been hitherto. Every one who cannot observe Hahnemann's rule, should commence with Carho vegetahilis, which will act as a basis, after which all other medicines have a better effect. If alarming symptoms appear sometimes after it, another medicine may be given. Aconitum, for a dry skin, hot fever, with great agony and restlessness. Belladonna, rush of blood to the head or chest, when moving increases the symptoms. Lachesis (or, according to several reports, Crotalus), in the low, sinking state. 360 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. Arnica^ if tlie patient lies in a kind of stupor, with bad sraell from the mouth; if he answers, when asked how he was, that he feels well. Arsenicum, for great agony and burning pains; if not suffi- cient, Cantharides in water. Fainting. Swooning. When fainting occnrs, it generally produces such alarm in those present, that all kinds of experiments, useless, disagreeable, and even injurious, are resorted to. If too large doses of spirits of hartshorn are administered, the consequences may be serious. Remember, the first thing to be avoided in all such cases is hurry. Loosen the clothing, if tight, about the neck, chest and abdomen; place the patient in a comfortable situation, and remove all objects which, when consciousness returns, might make a disagreeable impression. ISprinkle some cold water from a feather gently upon his face, apply a little water to the neck, the back part of the head, and to the pit of the stomach. If this does not produce any effect, and if the patient becomes cold, let him Binell spirits of camphor. When the cause is known, the remedy may be selected accordingly; for instance, if it arise from fright, Coffea, Opium and Acanitiim ; from loss of blood, or other debilitating causes, wine, but only a few drops should be given, and afterwards China; when produced by sudden mental emotions, Ignatia or Chamomilla ; after loss of sleep, Cocculus. When slight pains cause fainting, give Hepar ; when violent pain, Aconihim, Coffea or Chamomilla; when the pain preceding the fainting had almost driven the patient to distraction, give Veratrum; the same remedy will answer when debility and fainting are produced by the least exercise ; when it occurs in the morning, N'ux vomica is frequently of service, particularly in those who use ardent spirits immoderately, or those who have injured themselves by severe mental application. Nux moschata, if it occurs after exertion or taking cold in damp weather, in persons who used to complain of great weakness from the slightest exertion, par- ticularly if, while fainting, they have palpitation of the heart, and are afterwards very sleepy. Carbo vegetahilis, in cases where too much mercury has been taken ; when it comes on after din- ner, Nux vomica generally removes it, or should this fail. Phos- phoric acid. If it is preceded by giddiness, give Chamomilla or CHAP, XIV, GENERAL DISEASES. 361 Separ, according to the symptoms. If preceded by nausea, Ipecacuanha. These remedies should not be administered more than twice, fi'om five to ten minutes apart; if no improvement takes place after the second time, select another medicine. When the relief is only temporary, repeat the dose as soon as the patient becomes worse again. When vomiting occurs after recovery frum faint- ing, do not interfere with it at all; when the patient falls asleep after it, do not disturb him ; rest will refresh him. Apparent Death. In regard to instances of apparent death, the same error is usually committed as in cases of fainting. Either too much is done, or too many things are tried at once, or nothing is done. There may be apparent death after a violent external injury, when life is only suspended. But appearance may become reality, by being taken for it too soon. There are many cases of sudden death; but ap[)arent death is quite common too, par- ticularly in cases of females who are pregnant, or in childbed. We know of but one sure sign of death, that is, when internal dissolution has proceeded so far as to become perceptible exter- nally. Whenever there is the least uncertainty, and in all sud- den cases, and when putrefaction does not commence as sud- denly, nothing at least ought to be done that may cause actual death, and the interment should be postponed until the third day; on the third day changes always appear on the body, which are decisive; all further proceedings should be arrested until they make their appearance, though a week should elapse. In all cases of apparent death, particularly from external violence, the bodies should be treated with the greatest care; if they are treated as the dead generally are, viz: laid out on a board in a cold room, perhaps covered with ice, they will certainly be dead very soon, if they were nut so before. 32 362 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. Apparent Death from Hunger. Cases of persons, who from want of food have been so much weakened that they fliint or are apparently dead, are by no means so very rare. They may and do happen on all our coasts after shipwiecks; in the mountains, when people h)se their way, or in snow-storms, &c. All such persons must of course have food, as the first thing, but the longer they have been without it, the less of it they should have at once. Eating too much and too fast may kill them. In the worst cases, give repeated injections of warm milk; when they show signs of returning life, give the milk to drink, at first a few drops, afterwards moie and more ; if they want more, give a few spoonfuls of good toast- water, broih; and some little wine. When a sound sleep sue* ceeds, cover them up warm, and not until after that sleep, give them more solid food- in small quantities. The following excel- lent broth f(jr such and similar patients, is highly to be recom- mended. Take one pound of good beef, free it from fat and bones, cut it up in small pieces, pour over it one pint of cold water, let it stand several hours, stirring it occasionally, then let it simmer over a slow fire, strain it through a hair sieve or coarse cloth, adding enough water to make it a pint, and season it with a little salt. Of this broth give at first a teaspoonful at a time, and afterwards more. Apparent Death from a Fall. Place the sufferer carefully on a bed, with his head elevated, and in a place where he may remain quiet, put a few globules of Arnica dissolved in water on his tongue, and wait quietly until a physician comes to see if there are any fractures, and whether there are still signs of life. It is a common practice to bleed in these cases. It may sometimes hasten resuscitation. But if they recover, they would have done so without being bled. When the patient has lost much blood from wounds, oi from injudicious bleeding, give China^ and a little wine, a few drops at a time, and afterwards Arnica. CHAP. XIV. GENERAL DISEASES. 363 Apparent Death from SuflFocation, Hanging, Pressure, Choking. Remove all tight clothing. Place the patient in a proper position, with the head and neck rather high, the neck beino- quite easy, neither bent forward nor upward, as is frequently the case when the head alone is too much elevated. Then com- mence rubbing gently but steadily with warm cloths, and give immediately an injection of about ten globules of Opium dis- solved in half a pint of water, and injected slowly. This may be repeated every quarter of an hour, whilst the limbs are being rubbed, principally on the inside. From time to time hold a looking-glass before the mouth and nose, to see if the breath dims it ; open the eyes to see if the pupils contract. Put warm cloths, or hot stones wrapped in cloths, to the feet, between the thighs, to the neck, and the sides. If in an hour or two no change is produced, take a bitter almond, pound it fine, and mix it in a pint of water, put a few drops into the mouth, or into the nose, and give the rest in injections. Opium or Aconitum are generally most suitable for the removal of the symptoms which appear after restoration is established. The following method is often successful : a person in perfect health should pass his open hand from the head of the patient to his feet, keeping his hand at a distance of about an inch or two from the body of the patient; when arrived at the feet the hand should be returned quickly to the head of the patient, keeping it at a great distance from his body in doing so, and this should be continued in the same order for some time. Do not mind such would-be-wise people, who presume to ridicule such a proceeding, because their wisdom cannot explain how it can act. Ask them what causes cholera, intermittent fever, &G.? They will tell you that it is a "something" in the air, a poison, or miasma, and so forth. Nobody has ever been able to take hold of this " something," bottle it up, or show its existence by the most delicate chemical tests; the only test is the human body. All we know is, that people when exposed to this I 364 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. "something" will sometimes certainly get the cholera, fever and ague, &c., and we know, too, that persons have been restored to life bj the above described process ; but how this "something" in the air or the passes of the hand act we cannot tell, we must be satisfied with the facts. Apparent Death from Drowning. A person apparently drowned should be undressed, the mouth and the throat be cleaned, the upper part of the body and head be bent forward for a few seconds, that the water, if possible, may run out, and then placed on a warm bed, wrapped in warm blankets, or in warm sand or ashes ; in summer, place the patient, wrapped in a blanket, if possible, in the sun, with his face turned towards it, and the head slightly covered ; then give injections, and commence rubbing the limbs with warm cloths, and continue this for hours. The passing the hand over the body, as described above, may be tried. Bleeding is folly. K the rubbing and injections produce no effect, put Tartar emetie M upon the tongue, and give the same remedy — as much of the ■ third trituration as will lie on the point of a penknife, dissolved in half a pint of water — in injections, and continue the rubbing. Persons ^ffho had been under water for half an hour, have been restored to life by continued and unwearied exertions. Appraent Death from being Frozen. Where animation has been suspended by freezing, it may be restored in some cases even when it has ceased for several days. Great care should be taken in moving persons in this condition, so that no part of the body may be injured. Let them be taken from the open air under cover, but consider that even a very moderate heat may kill them ; a cold room or a barn where there is not the least draught, is the best place. Cover them entirely with snow, face and all, leaving merely the mouth and the nostrils free, in such a manner that every part of the body is covered with several inches of it. Place them in such a posi- tion that the melted snow may run off easily, and be replaced p CHAP. XIV. GENERAL DISEASES. 365 by fresh. When thei'e is no miow put iliuni into a coM bath tlie temperature of whicli has been redueed by ice. li" ice is attached to the body or to the clotlies, remove it. In this manner thaw the body until avevy part becomes per- fectly pliable, then gradually remove the clothing, if necessary, by cutting it from the body. As the limbs become soft and pliable, commence rubbing them with snow, and continue it until they become red; then place the patient on a dry bed, and rub him with cold flannel cloths, stockings, old pieces of felt, &c. If signs of returning life do not soon manifest themselves under this treatment, small injections containing camphor — a drop of spirit of camphor to half a tumblerful of water — may be administered every quarter or half hour. If the patient begins to revive during the friction, or after taking the camphor, and gives symptoms of returning animation, administer small injec- tions of lukewarm coffee without milk, — and as soon as he can swallow, give him some coffee — a teaspoonful at a time. It frequently takes hours to restore life, but we ought not to be sparing of labor. For the violent pains which are felt some- times after the sufferer has revived, give Carho vegetabilis every five to six hours, and if this proves unavailing, Arsenicum. If heat or stinging pains are felt in the head, a few doses of Aconitum will be of service. If the patient craves wine or brandy, a small quantity may be given to him. A person who has recovered from freezing, must avoid the heat of the stove and of the fire for a considerable time, as serious maladies, particularly disease of the bones, are liable to result therefrom. See " Frostbite." Apparent Death from Lightning. A person rendered insensible by a stroke of lightning, should be at once placed into a freshly made opening in the ground, in a position half sitting, half lying, with the face against the sun, and be covered all over with fresh ground. As soon as he moves the eyes, give internally a few globules of Nux vomica, by placing them upon the tongue, and repeat the dose in half an o2* 866 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. hour, if there is no sign of returning consciousness. The same remedy may also be given in injection, by dissolving from fif- teen to twenty globules in half a pint of water. The complaints which frequently follow restoration, may generally be removed by Sulphur and Nux vomica. For blind- ness, Phosphorus. If you cannot place the patient in the ground, put him in a current of cool, fresh air, and dash plenty of cold water over his face, neck and chest, and use Nux vomica as above. Apparent Death from Mental Emotions, Bad Gases, and other causes. Look under the different heads of the causes. A case of apparent death from violent mortification, was restored by Gha- momilla. After suppressed grief, give Ignatia. After fright and violent anger, Aconitum. After grief caused by disappointed love, where apparent death fallowed after a violent pain in the heart, Lachesis restored the patient. In cases of sudden, apparent death after violent mental emo- tions, you may, besides the remedies stated before, give Apium virus or Olonoine, if the face is pale. Apium virus, if it com- menced like fainting, with such a weakness that the patient had .to sit down on the spot, or fell down; sometimes with vomiting; particularly if it occurred after great mental or bodily pain. Olonoine, if the patient put his hand suddenly upon his heart or head ; afterwards cold sweat. Opium is better if the face is blue, as stated under " Apparent Death from Suffocation." Apoplexy. Against the premonitory symptoms of this complaint, such as great inclination to sleep; general feeling of dulness or heavi- ness; dimness before the eyes; buzzing in the ears ; hardness of hearing; heavy, profound sleep, and snoring ; frequent yawn- in'', and fatigue after the least exertion; acute pains in the head; vertigo or giddiness; fainting; irritability of temper; loss of CHAP. XIV. GENERAL DISEASES. 3^7 memory ; forgetfulness of words or things ; acuteness of vision or double visior^ ; difficulty of swallowing ; numbness, or prick- ing sensation in the extremities; congestion of blood to the head, with beating of the arteries about the neck; red face, and quick, full pulse, &g. ; see " Determination of Blood to the Head." In cases of apoplexy, the common practice is bleeding ; the revival of the patient may be hastened by it, but, at the same time, his death may be hastened too. Open tiie eyes of the patient, — if the pupils are very small, or if one of them is very small and the other very large, do not bleed ; if both are very large, or one large and the other of natural size, the patient may be bled, although a skilful homoeopathic physician will restore the patient without bleeding. ir the pulse is slow and full, face red or pale, give Opium; put a few globules of it upon the tongue of the patient, and use some globules, dissolved in a pint of water, as an injection ; if the pulse is very weak, give Lachesis in the same way. In other respects, select a remedy according to the cause, and particularly according to the symptoms which preceded the fit. If it was preceded by nausea or inclination to vomit, or if the patient vomits when he recovers, give Tartar emetic, 3rd trit., MS much as will lie upon the point of a knife, dissolved in half a tumblerful of water, — a teaspoonful every ten to fifteen min- utes ; if not better in half an hour, use the same solution as an injection. Select, according to the symptoms, from the follow- ing : Aconitum., Veratrum, Pulsatilla^ Phosphoric acid, Nux vomica, Arsenicum, Antimonium crudum, Hyoscyamus. The limits of this work will not admit of a more extended notice of the disorder ; nor, indeed, is that necessary, as the treatment should in all cases be under the management of a homoeopathic physician. 368 TREATMENl OF DISEASES. Diphtheria, Diphtheritis. This disease lias been observed and described bj medical writers of all nations under diflerent names. Its history liaa indeed been traced back as far as Homer. In the sixteenth century it was epidemic in IloUand, and was described by P. Forrest. Towards the end of that century it raged in Spain, killing a great number by sutfocation ; whence it was called garotilla. Since then it has been observed everj'whcre, more oi less violent; and in this country within a few years. It consists of a croupous or plastic exudation from the mucous membrane of the fauces, mouth and nostrils ; commencing with febrile sensations, chilliness and some difKculty in swallowing. ■ The fauces look inilanied; of a dark mahogany color; and soon become covered (usually after the first or second day) with a dirty-grayish, or gray-yellowish exudation of various thickness; commencing in spots and patches, generally on the tonsils at first ; spreading over the soft palate and fauces into the pos- terior nares and cavity of the nose, and in some cases into the oesophagus and larynx. AVhen this skinny exudation is loos- ened and removed b}- external means, it shows a merely in- flanied-looking, sometimes an excoriated or ulcerated surface of the mucous membrane beneath, which soon is covered again b}^ the same skinny mass. "Where it loosens itself and is thrown ott" spontaneously, it generally does not renew itself. In mal- ignant cases this psemlo-mcmbrane dissolves into an ill-looking ichorous mass, under which the uiucous membrane appears in decayed shreds or dark-colored crusts, emitting a uiost oii'en- sive odor. Mostly there co-exists a swelling of the submaxil- lar}' and parotid glands and of the lymphatics. The great prostration of all the vital power, which accompanies it from the first, is quite characteristic of this complaint. As to its causes, all writers agree that it is the effect of some speniji^ poison, the nature of which we know just as little as that of cholera, typhus, or yellow fever; and as all persons are CHAP. XIV. DIPHTHERIA. 369 not attacked by it, it requires a predisposition of the organism to it. We do not know, however, in what this consists. Be- sides, the atmospheric influences upon its spreading are not clearly understood ; it seems, however that it is rather more prevalent in spring and summer than in winter, and more in damp, rainy weather than in a uniformly dry temperature. Diphteria is not contagious^ like the eruptive fevers, (scarla- tina, measles, small-pox;) there is no evidence that it ever was conveyed hy fomites; but we can easily conceive of an epidemic cause, which may bring about more or less cotamination of the atmosphere, thus rendering susceptible persons liable to contract the disease from breathing the atmosphere; or it may be propagated by an immediate inoculation of a portion of the vitiated secretions to an absorbent surface of another person, provided this person aftbrd a congenial soil in which the spe- cific cause may develop its specific eifects. 1. S^/mptoms of the 'fauces are soreness and redness of the throat. The latter symptom may be confined to the uvula, velum palati, one or both tonsils; or it may extend all over the fauces. The redness may be of a dusky hue; mottled, or of a light mahogany or pinkish color. The parts are generally swollen ; the tonsils to such a degree as even to interfere with swallowing. Usually after the first or second day we observe some small whitish-gray spots on one or both tonsils, which either soon coalesce or stay separated through the whole mor- bid process; or there may be a uniform deposit of this whitish- gray exudation over the entire throat. At first it is easily detached from the mucous membrane, but is soon replaced by a new deposit ; later, however, it becomes thicker, more tena- cious, leather-like ; and adheres more firmly to the subjacent tissue, leaving, if it be detached, a bleeding surface behind it. On or about the sixth day it usually dislodges itself sponta- neously, and may then hang down in shiv^s and strings into the pharynx, or from the posterior nares down into the fauces; after which, no new formation usually takes place. In malig- 'nant cases this pseudo-membrane dissolves, as stated above, Z 370 TREATMENT OE DISEASES. into a bad-looking, ichorous mass, under whicli the mucous membrane appears in decaj^ed shreds or dark-colored crusts, and it is not unfrequent that whole parts of the soft palate become thorouglj'^ destroyed. As regards the nature of this membrane, it is believed to be more of an albuminous, whilst that of croup is more of a fibrinous character. Diphtheritic membranes may be found also in other local- ities, as in the vagina ; or on cutaneous surfaces, when wounded, ulcerated or abraded. 2. Si/mptoms which accompany this affection of the throat are : Difficulty in sicalloiciiig^ especially cold drinks ; this symptom, however, may be altogether wanting, even in very severe cases. Difficulty in breathivg^ especially when the tonsils are much swollen, or when the nose is filled with exudation and dis- charge. A peculia.r odor of breath, which is more easily smelled than described ; in malignant cases it becomes almost unbear- able, scenting the whole room. 3. Nascd symptoms. Thin yellowish-white mucous discharge, at first scanty, but becoming profuse, acrid, excoriating. Epis- taxis — unfavorable. The deposition of the pseudo-membrane may commence in the nostrils before any is seen in the fauces. 4. Symptoms of the larynx. As the disease progresses, we may observe hoarseness, total loss of voice, cough, croup, (in all its d:eadful utterances,) sutiocating spells; livid complexion ; •embarrassed, sawing respiration, up to the final fatal issue. 5. Glandular affections. The tonsils are almost always con- siderably swollen, and upon them the pseudo-membrane makes, as a rule, its first appearance. But the parotid and submaxil- lary glatids swell also, and all the surrounding lymphatics enlarge. ■€. Brain symptoms. In light cases, the cerebral functions remain undisturbed ; in severe cases we find that the mental faculties rather brighten up, except where there is a hindrance to the free circulation of blood to and from the brain by those abnormal swellings about the neck, under which circumstances the patient sinks gradually into drowsiness and stupor. CHAP. XIV. DIPHTHERIA. 371 7. Gastric symptoms. Mostly entire loss of appetite, great thirst ; sometimes vomiting of ingesta ; diarrhoea. Bat in a number of cases there is neither vomiting nor diarrhoea. 8. Eruption. Rash on the skin, resembling sometimes meas- les, at other times scarlet fever ; it breaks forth sometimes at the beginning, sometimes at a later period ; in a number of cases it does not appear at all ; it may last only a few hours, or remain a longer time, or reappear after having been absent for several days. It differs entirely from scarlet fever in that, it is never followed by desquamation of the skin. 9. Hem-orrhage, either from the nose, mouth, or fauces. A bad sign ; and wheti occurring as a sort of purpura, in the worst forms of the disease, a fatal one. 10. Urinary symptoms. Presence of albumen is not constant ; in some cases only at a later period ; in bad cases it probably exists from first to last. The microscope shows casts of urini- ferous tubuli, by which the so-called BrighCs disease is charac- terized. 11. Febrile spmptoms vary much in intensity. In a number of cases the height of the fever seems not at all proportioned to the severity of the attack, whilst in other cases it is ushered in from the beginning with violent fever heat, even unto con- vulsions. Corresponding to this, we find in many cases the pulse frequent, but weak ; whilst in other cases it is quick, hard, and wiry. Very often the disease commences with chilly feelings, which are followed by heat. Mostly this heat abates in the morning, and increases again towards evening and throusrh the nio;ht; in severe cases the fever is continuous. Its remission is scarcely ever marked by sensible perspiration. 12. Great, characteristic debility. Characteristic, I call it, because the disease is marked by this symptom, fully devel- oped from the outset. Before any loss of vital fluids has occurred in any way, the patient is at once stricken down by a feeling of great prostration, showing that the disorder attacks the vital forces themselves. 372 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. Complications are said to be scarlet fever, small pox, rheum- atism, pleuro-pneumonia, and venous congestion. Its sequelce are : 1. Ancesthesia of the nerves of sensation. There are observa- tions wliich show that it has taken months after the attack was over, before the patient recovered the normal actions of these nerves. It sometimes leaves all the cutaneous nerves in such a state that external pressure is little observed ; some- times this want of sensibility is limited to one finger. Trous- seau mentions the loss of sensibility in the velum palati, which was characterized by an inability to talk clearly and to swal- low. It is quite remarkable that this anfesthesia of the nerves of sensation sometimes will be interrupted by spells of hyper- sesthesia, so that even the slightest external impressions become painful and unberable. Also the nerves of special sense may thus remain impaired for a long time. Most frequently we find the nerves of the lower senses afiected ; taste, smell, and touch ; although the higher senses — sight and hearing — are not excepted. But all these forms of anaesthesia are less per- sistent than similar affections after scarlet fever, where lesions of the organs of sight or hearing are of a much graver nature. 2. Akinesia. The motory nerves may also be affected, such as those of the arms, lower limbs, tongue, or pharynx. There may be either hemiplegia or paraplegia. In still other cases this paralytic state may be combined with hyperkinesia, mani- festing itself as trembling of the hands, or as tottering or reel- ing when walking ; as wry neck, or as a rolling of the head by its own weight, which, when once fixed, is kept immovable. 3. Abscesses, which may form in difi'erent parts of the body. Most frequently the glands about the neck suppurate. Ab- scesses in the ears are not frequent, and in the lungs they have been observed only occasionally. 4. Albuminuria may continue a great while after the attack is over. CHAP. XIV. DIPHTHERIA. 373 Prognosis. Often the mildest attacks in the commencement have re- sulted unfavorably. Bad signs are : The acrid discharge from the nostrils. The invasion of the larynx or the development of diphtheric croup. Hemorrhages from nose and mouth ; purpura ; petechiae. Coldness of the external surface of the body. Albuminuria ; diarrhoea and vomiting. Convulsions. Complications with scarlet fever, measles and small-pox. Certain localities and seasons seem to be the occasion of more dangerous cases than others. Th era pen t ic Hints* Bryonia, the patient is quickly prostrated, shuns all motions and complains, on moving or when being moved, of pain every- where ; white tongue ; feeling of dryness in the mouth without particular thirst, or else desire for large quantities of water. Belladonna, the patient is restless, complains of sore throat; the fauces look highly inflamed; the pupils are enlarged; he feels drowsy, and yet unable to fall asleep; starts suddenly out of sleep. Lachesis, when, after Belladonna, by next evening there is no marked change for the better ; or when he is even worse in the morning after some sleep, with a decided development of those skinny patches on the tonsils, worse on the left side ; or when croupy symptoms appear, and the patient cannot bear anything touching his neck and throat. LycopodiiLm, when the aspect of the fauces is rather of a brownish redness, worse on right side, and worse from swal- lowing warm drinks ; when the nose is stopped up, and the patient cannot breathe with his mouth shut; he keeps his mouth constantly open, slightly projecting his tongue, which gives him a silly expression ; the nostrils are widely dilated with every inspiration ; on awakening out of a short nap he is awfully cross, kicks and behaves naughty, or he jumps up in bed, stares about and knows nobody, seemingly dreaming 33 374 TREATMENT OF DISEASES. with open eyes; frequent jerkings of the lower hmhs, mostly with a groan, awake or slumbering ; great fear of being left alone. Bhus toxicodendron, when the child is restless, wants to bo carried about, wakes up every now and then complaining of pain in the throat ; when a bloody saliva runs out of the mouth during sleep ; when the parotid glands are a good deal swollen ; when there are transparent, jelly-like discharges from the bowels as stool, or afterwards. Apium virus, great debility from the beginning ; the mem- brane assumes at once a dirty-grayish color ; there is puffiness around the eyes; pain in the ears, when swallowing; an itchy, stinging eruption on the skin ; a sensation of weakness in the larynx ; numbness of the feet and hands and even paralysis. (Never does good either before or after Rhus tox.) Cantharides, too copious or difficult urination ; the urine contains shreds or coats of uriniferous tubuli ; extreme pros- tration, sinking, death-like turns ; irritable-looking rash upon the skin or shining through the epidermis. Arsenicum, great r^jstlessncss, constant desire for cold drink, but takes only little at a time, or better by drinking hot water ; all symptoms worse about midnight. Natrum muriaticum, swelling of the submaxillary glands and lymphatics; map tongue ; burning in the throat ; after appli- cation of caustics, especially nitrate of silver. (In difterent regions of Pennsylvania a weak solution of kitchen-salt was used during the last epidemic as a gargle with great success.) Tartarus emetic, difficult breathing, gasping for air; rattling in the chest ; retching, vomiting of tenacious mucus ; small circular patches, like snall-pox pustules, in and upon the mouth and tongue ; oedema of the lungs. Nitric acid, ulcei-s in the mouth ; corroding discharge from the nose ; intermitting puke. TABULAR INDEX REMEDIES USED, THEIR NAMES, AND THE DISEASES IN WHICH EMPLOYED. Aconitum. Aconltum napellus. Mox\k's Hood, A poisoaous plant of the mouutains of Europe. Fright, I, 2. Fear, 3. Vexation, 6, 7. Irritability, 8. Colds 8, 15. 16, 17. Sun-stroke, 18. Fatigue, 20, 21, Excesses, 24. Surfeiting, 25. Over-feeding, 26, 27. Cold drinks, 30. Drunkenness, 34. To- bacco, 38. Herb tea, 40. Spanish flies 41. Sulphur, 42. Bad air, 63. Fainting, 63. Acids, 64. Toads, 70. Malignant pustule, 72. Bee-stings, 73. External injury, 78. Bruises, 79. Dislocation, 80 Fracture, 81. Wounds, 85, 87. Lock-jaw, 86. Bleeding of Gums, 86. Burns, 89. Eye, 90. Nose, 91. Giddy, 97, 98. Weak Memory, 98. Blood to the Head, 99. Headache, 101, 102, 105, 106, 107. Eyelid, 112,113. Eye, 114,116, 117,118, Blindness, 123. Light, 124. Ears, 131. Nose, 134. Catarrh, 138. Cough, 147. Hooping-cough, 149, Croup, 153, 154, Congestion to the Chest, 155. Bloodspitting, 156, 157. Laryngitis, 160. Bronchitis, 162, 164. Palpitation, 16.5, Asthma, 168. Pleurisy, 171. Inflammation of the Lungs, 172, 173, 17"*. Con- cussion of the Chest, 176. Quinsy, 177, 179. Toothache, 184-193- 194. Face-ache, 203. Bad taste, 205. Tongue, 208. Vomiting Blood, 221. Inflammation of Stomach, 227, 228, 229. Worms, 232. Itching of Anus, 233, 234. Piles, 236, 238. Dysentery, 244, 245. Cholera, 250,251. Liver Complaint, 254. Difficult urinating, 256, 257. Hernia, 258, 259. Suppressed Menstruation, 262. Pregnancy, 271, 274, 276, 277, 282, 283. Childbed, 284, 288, 289, 290, 291. Infants, 296, 298, 299, 300, 302, 304. Teething, 308. Infants, 312. Vaccination, 321. Rash, 322. Nettlerash, 322. Measles, 324. Scarlatina, 325, 327. Chicken pox, 327. Small-pox, 328. Erysipelas, 328. Gout, 337. Rheumati.^ '<^m\mA^' OMALlhU% ^Vh^lALlhU^, 7130NV-Sm^ _^>:LuyAr