Volume XXXVII , , MAY, 1922 Number 5 Modern LAiNjCUAtiE Notes EDITED BY JAMES WILSON BRIGHT, Editor-in-Chief GUSTAV GRUENBAUM WILLIAM KURRELMEYER H. CARRINGTON LANCASTER CONTENTS BABBLXX, IRVING.— Schiller and Romanticism, ----- -257 LOVEJOY, ArO.— Reply to Professor Babbitt, . - - - - 268 COLLITZ, H.— Germanische Wortdeutungefl,:^^ 274 PANCOAST, H.S.=.»id "Wordsworth jest with Matthew? - - 279 MlLhET, J. E.— Church -and-Stage Controversy in Granada, - - 284 FARNHAM, W.— Scogan's ' Quern Quaeritis,' ------ 289 THE JOHNS HOPKINS PRESS BALTIMORE Eight Numbers a Year — Single Copy (Current) Sixty-five Cents Entered as Second-Class Matter at the Baltimore, Maryland, PostoflBce Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 8, 1917. Authorized on July 3, 1918 292 •Reviews: — Oliver Towles, Prepositional Phrases of Asseveration and Adjuration in Old and Middle French. [P. B. Fay.l . . . - G. L. VAN RoosBKOECK, The Cid Theme in France in 1600; The Purpose of Corneille's Cid. [H. C. Lancaster. '\ ----- 296 H. G. Graf, Goethe uber seine Dichtungen. [L. L. Mackajll.] - - 300 P. R. LiEDEE, Scott and Scandinavian Literature. [F. #. J. JJewser.] 303 Correspondence: — • Van Roosbboeck, G. L., Corneille's Relations with Louis Petit, - Johnston, O. M., Note on For ce que, Farce que, and Pour que, - Law, R. A., The Background of Browming's Love Among the Ruins, - 312 Starck, T., The Rimes of Stefan George, 313 Hughes, Helen S., A Letter to Richardson from Edward Young, - 314 Brief Mention: — Robert Bridges, Milton's Prosody ;^W. P. Ker, Fleurs de France, Poesies lyriques depuis le Romantisme; — John M. Hill, Index Ver- borum de Covarruvias Orozco: Tesoro de la Lengua Castellana o Espanola, ^^^ 307 310 Modern iLANkSiiJAGE Notes . .♦. A M^SfT'Hlj'^ ^.t^CATlON-Vith inter- mission from July to October (inclusive) This publication is devoted to lingxiistio and literary research and to aesthetic and philosophic criticism in the domain of English, German, and the related Germanic Languages; and of French, Italian, Spanish, and the other Languages of the Romance Group. Its purpose is also to promote sound methods in the teaching of the Modern Languages and Literatures The Subscription Price of the current annual volume is $5.00 for the United States and Mexico; Canada $6.25 and $5.50 for other countries included in the Postal Union. Contributors and Publishers will please address matter for tbe English Department of the Notes to James W. Bright; for the German Department to William Kurrelmeyer ; for the French Department to H. Carrington Lancaster; for the Italian and Spanish Departments to Gustav Gruenbaum. Other matter may be sent to the Editor-in-Chief. The address of all the editors is Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. Subscriptions and other business communications shoiild be sent to the Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, Md. PREPARATION OF COPY All copy should be in typewritten form. Underscore (for italics) all titles of books, periodicals, poems, plays and other ^separately published compositions. Use numerals in designating foot-notes, and number foot-notes in unbroken sequence. Use roman niunerals for volume-reference, set off by a comma before a following page- "referenee. OXFORD SERIES OF NEW ENGLISH CLASSICS A NEW VOLUME Metaphysical Lyrics and Poems of the Seventeenth Century Selected and Edited, with an Essay By Herbert J. C. Grierson" To the popular series edited by Mr. Nichol Smith (Mr. Percy Simpson's Every Man in His Humour, Mr. Pearsall Smith's selection from Donne's Sermons, Mr. Nichol Smith's own Characters, ISIiss Hadow's Ealeigh, Llr. Chapman's Boswell) Prof. Grierson now adds a volume representative of the School of Donne. The authors include, beside Donne himself, Milton (the Hymn), George Herbert, Lord Herbert of Cherbury, Carew, Suckling, Cleveland, Crashaw, Lovelace, Vaughan, Cowley, Marvell, Quarles, and others. The poems are in three sections: Love Poems, Divine Poems, and Miscellaneous — Elegies, Satires, and the like. Copies of the above for examination with a view to class use may he had on request Oxford University Press American Branch 35 West 32 nd Street, New York SCOGAN'S Q^UJ^M QU-AMlTh^l^ 289 / Don Francisco / Cascales, / al apolo de Espana / Lope de Vega / Carpio, / el ano de 1634. / En defensa de las Comedias, / y representacion de ellas. / Segunda Impression, / — / con LiCEXciA. En Madrid : En la Imprenta, y Libre- / ria de Joseph Garcia Lanza, Plazuela del Angel. / Ano de 1756. // 4°. Title- sheet and sixteen numbered pages. Sigs. A-B. Joseph E. Gillet. University of Minnesota. SCOGAN'S QUEM QUAERITIS It would be hard to imagine a less likely place than Scoggins Jests from which to extract a seriously worthy new version of the Easter Quem Quaeritis. As well go to Mr. Dooley for light on modern Irish drama as to Scogan for light on liturgical drama. Yet both medieval and modern clowns might conceivably have directed jests illuminatingly over the respective subjects. The mysterious compiler who acted humble Boswell to Scogan or Scoggin by recounting his jests helps to prove, I believe, that what Chambers thinks the highest development of the Easter drama, the form in which Christ himself appears, was fairly com- mon in England as well as on the Continent. Professor Young has recently published one fourteenth century English play of that form,^ Scogan seems to indicate a wider knowledge of the type in England. Chambers knew only Continental versions. He says : ^ " The addition of the apostle scene completed the evolution of the Easter play for the majority of churches. There were, how- ever, a few in which the very important step was taken of intro- ducing the person of the risen Christ himself; and this naturally entailed yet another new scene. Of this type there are fifteen extant versions, coming from one Italian, four French, and four German churches. . . . Here (in a Fleury play which he describes as an example) the Christ appears twice, first disguised in simili- tudinem hortolani, afterwards in similitudinem domini with the lab arum or resurrection banner." ^ Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters, XVI, part 2 (1909), 929-.S0. ^The Media-val Stage (1903), ii, 31-2. 3 580868 « « « • • • t • ', • • • « • » « • 290 A : ' 'U-Ol^l^lii^ UAX^'lJ:A.GE NOTES One of Scogan's ungodly practical jokes needed for a setting just this kind of Easter play, and the author's mood was for going into interesting details. This occurs only in the 1613 edition of Scoggins lestes. Wherein is declared his pleasant pastimes in France; and of his meriments among the Fryers: full of delight and honest mirthe. Of this book the one copy now extant, so far as I am aware, is that in the Bodleian library which I have examined and described for a recently published investigation into Scogan's slippery identity.^ It gives a quite different lot of jests from those of the 1626 edition reprinted by Hazlitt in his Shake- speare Jest-Bools. The tale of the Easter play is the eighth jest, although the book has no numbering of pages or jests which may be referred to. It is in Scogan's best scurrilous vein: How Scoggin set a whole towne together by the eares. At Easter follow- ing Scoggin came to the same Village againe, at which time the Parson of the towne (according to the order of the popish Clergie would needes Iiaue a stage play,) [parenthesis sic] and as in that age the whole earth was almost planted with superstition & idolatry, so such like prophane pastimes was greatly delighted in, especially playes made of the Scripture at an Easter, as I said before) the Parson of the Village would haue a play of the resurrection of the Lord, and for because the men were not learned, nor could not reade, hee tooke a lemman that he kept (hauing but one eye) and put her in the graue of an Angell which when Scoggin saw, he went to two of the simplest fellowes in the towne, that plaid the three Maries: and the Parson himselfe plaid Christ with a banner in his hand. Then said Scoggin to the simple fellowes when the Angell asketh you whom you seeke, you must say the Parsons lemman with one eye, so it fortuned that the time was come that they must play and the Angell asked them whom they sought? IMarry quoth they, as Scoggin had taught them, wee seeke the Priestes lemman with one eye, which when the woman hearde, she arose out of the graue and all to be scratched one of the poore fellowes by the face that plaid one of the three Maries: Whereupon hee soundly buffeted her about the eares, the priest seeing this threw down his banner and went to helpe his lemman, with that the other two fell upon the Priest, the clerkes likewise tooke the priests part, and many other of the parisioners on the contrary side, so yt in short time the whole towne lay together by the eares in the middle of the Church, which when Scoggin perceiued he went his way out of the village and came no more there. It should be said at once that the compiler of the jests in the 1613 edition pretends that he has translated liis book from French. ^Modern J.anrjvagc Tycrini'. XYl (1921), 120 ff. SCOGAN'S QUEM QUAERITIS 291 On page one appears the heading: Certaine Merrie lestes of Scoggin translated out of French. This is fiction, we may be sure, and we can pass it over with the same laughter, — or scorn, if Scogan happens to be too elemental for us, — which we accord the other jests. The compiler plainly thought to add authority to these Continental adventures of Scogan by pretending that they were originally recorded in French, but there is not the slightest evidence of a French original anywhere, and Scogan's vogue has always been of the English English. Moreover, the game is given away by the duplication in the 1613 edition of four jests in the unquestionably English 1626 edition, Avhich of itself is probably only a copy of a much earlier edition.* The English setting be- comes French with the greatest ease. And so with some assurance we can guess that this tale of the priest and his one-eyed lemman describes an English play. The writer obviously considers himself much removed from the time, for he makes pointed reference to the earlier and more supersti- tious times which loved Easter plays. His violent anti-Popery proves the author to have belonged to Protestant England, but he probably reworked a jest handed down in folk-lore from previous generations. The earliest certain date for any of Scoggins Jests is 1565-6, when a collection now unknown was licensed for print- ing.® However, the jests undoubtedly circulated in some form long before this, and, as I have tried to show at length elsewhere, Scoggin the jester was probably the same Scogan who lived in Chaucer's time and appears in Chaucer's Envoy.^ I think then that Scogan's jest of the Easter play makes very probable the existence in England, say during the early fifteenth century, of such a version as is described, but even if the setting is really French, this slovenly told little story is full of interest. Chambers says : '^ " It must be borne in mind that the Quern quae- ritis remained imperfectly detached from the liturgy, out of which it arose. The performers were priests, or nuns, and choir-boys." But in Scogan's play the secularization seems to have gone so far that some of the parts at least were played by townspeople. Still * Modern Language Review, xvr, 123, note. ' Arber's Transcript, i, 1.34. ' Modern Language Review, xvi, 120 ff., as noted above. ''Work cited, n, 35. 293 MODEKN LANGUAGE NOTES more interesting, the women's parts were played by men. The priest's lemman gets the part of the angel only because the simple fellows of the town were not lettered enough to take it. The brief sketch of the audience assembled in the church to see the play and falling into a fight over it is a breath of reality. Because of the hit or miss fashion in which the jest is told, per- haps after all the most dependable and significant thing about it is the life-like picture of a priest with commendable artistic im- pulses, though unpraiseworthy morals, working up an Easter drama among parishioners neither artistic nor lettered. It must have happened so pretty often. Even though he is mediaeval in morals, the priest is vividly like an earnest young rector of today getting up church theatricals. The whole story has a human touch which the Latin texts of the liturgical drama do not share. Washington and Lee University. WiLLAKD FaRNHAM. EEVIEWS Prepositional Phrases of Asseveration and Adjuration in Old and Middle French. By Oliver Towles. Paris: Champion, 1920. X -f 157 pp. In his "Introduction" (pp. 7-10), the author of this Johns Hopkins dissertation summarizes the general principles involved in the use of invocatory formulas, and delimits the scope of his inves- tigation. By confining his attention to " the invocation of objects of reverence and love by means of a phrase consisting of an intro- ductory preposition plus the name of the object invoked," he excludes the consideration of such forms as si m'ait dieu, le diahle m'emporte, etc. He further excludes prepositional phrases based on the name of some abstract quality (e. g., 'par amour), except when " as the result of the presence of the possessive pronoun (e. g., par ma foi), the abstraction seems to be made definite, personified and invoked." Exclamatory or inter jectional forms are included only " where invocations in normal adjurative or asseve- rative forms, or in forms derived from them, are used inter- jectionally." ^ "What evidence is there that ieau Dieu, benoit Dieu (p. 20), each of Additions to the International Modern Language Series Erckmann-Chatrian's Histoire d'un Consent de 1813 An interesting account of the experiences of a boy from Lorraine in Napoleon's army. Trueba's Cuentos y Cantares Eight characteristic selections by "the poet of the people" — two tales of northern Spain and six short ballads. Martinez Sierra's El Palacio Triste and Benavente's Ganarse la Vida Two charming little plays about children by noted modern play- wrights which make an instant appeal to both young and old. NEW EDITIONS WITH EXERCISES Colin*s Contes et Saynetes Halevy's Un Mariage d'Amour Sand's La Mare au Diable Boston GINN AND COMPANY New York Chicago London Atlanta Dallas Columbus San Francisco NEW FRENCH and SPANISH BOOKS Cerf and Giese's Beginning French. New Edition. By Barby Ckkf and W. F. Giese, University of Wisconsin. In this new edition the International system of phonetic symbols has been substituted lor the symbols used in the first edition. Bordeaux: La Peur de Vivre. Introduction, notes and vocabulary, by H. W. Church, Allegheny College. Augier et Sandeau: Le Gendre de M. Poirier. Introduction, notes, exercises and vocabulary, by R. L. Hawkins, Harvard "University. A new edition of this very popular play containing direct-method exercises. Banville: Gringoire, bound In same volume with Coppee: Le Luthier de Cremone. Introductions, notes and vocabulary, by Aaron Schaffek, University of Texas. Le Paris d'Aujourd'hui. By Franck Louis Schoell, University of Chicago. Exercises and vocabulary. Wilkins' Beginners' Spanish Reader. By Lawrence A. Wilkins, Director of Modern Languages, High Schools of New York City. With Locuciones, Cuestionarios y Ejercicios. Harrison's Spanish Correspondence. Revised Edition. By E. S. Harrison, Commercial High School, Brooklyn. Henry Holt and Company New York Boston Chicago San Francisco DCH '5N(J Altami Direi review." the gri Echeg For _ Direct- the al Instru" Padre- The traduc_ contril classr(_ Perez Sec(~ their exerc' — DCH: HOLI McGiLi- Ji THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW AN INITIAL FINE OF 25 CENTS WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. 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The heroic charac- ter of the poem composed in his honor, the inherent interest of the subject mat- ter, the many early legends which it sets forth, the fact that it is one of the very few extant specimens of early epic poetry — these considerations make the Poema de Fernan Goncalez one of the most important monuments of Span- ish literature. THE JOHNS HOPKINS PRESS, Baltimore, Maryland 580868 UNIVERSITY OF CAUFORNIA LIBRARY