GIFT OF 
 
 JANE KO.SATHER 
 
Pre-Reformation Scholars in Scotland 
 in the XVIth Century 
 
PUBLISHED BY 
 
 JAMES MACLEHOSE AND SONS, GLASGOW 
 itabliehcrft to the nitertp 
 
 MACMILLAN AND CO. LTD. LONDON 
 
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Pre-Reformation Scholars in 
 Scotland in the XVIth Century 
 
 Their Writings and their Public Services 
 
 With a Bibliography and a List of Graduates from 
 1500 to 1560 
 
 By 
 
 W. Forbes- Leith, S.T. 
 
 u J 
 
 A list of the Scottish scholars driven from the land 
 at the Reformation for their attachment to the Roman 
 Catholic faith would form an exceedingly interesting 
 chapter of Scottish literary history." 
 
 SIR WILLIAM HAMILTON, 
 
 Discussions on Philosophy. 
 
 Glasgow 
 James MacLehose and Sons 
 
 Publishers to the University 
 1915 
 

 l fl * # * 
 
 ' ' 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 PAGE 
 
 INTRODUCTION 
 
 Alleged ignorance of the Scottish clergy in the sixteenth 
 century unsupported by impartial and contem- 
 porary evidence - I 
 
 Higher education in Scotland identified with the 
 Catholic Church. No country in Europe better 
 provided than Scotland with schools for what was 
 then primary and secondary education 2 
 
 No more brilliant period in the history of Scotland 
 than the quarter of a century during which 
 James IV. occupied the throne - 2 
 
 The churchmen the only capable persons to whom 
 the government of the country could be prudently 
 entrusted - 3 
 
 The evidence of contemporary writers confirmed by 
 the Bibliography of Pre-Reformation Scholars and 
 by the List of Masters of Arts. Among the chief 
 glories of the reign of James IV. was the appear- 
 ance of men of learning and genius, whose 
 productions form part of the national inheritance 
 William Dunbar, Gawin Douglas, Robert 
 Henryson - 5 
 
 The Scottish clergy were not behind in classical 
 
 scholarship - 6 
 
 The new erudition had for them no terrors ; many 
 of them could read the classical and sacred 
 writers in the original Greek and Hebrew - 7 
 
 The study of Greek philosophy had great charms for 
 
 Scottish students 10 
 
 In the conduct and administration of the law the 
 intellectual activity of the Scottish churchmen 
 was remarkable - 12 
 
 The clergy were the architects of many of the churches, 
 
 bridges, and other public works 15 
 
 331675 
 
vi CONTENTS 
 
 INTRODUCTION Continued PAGE 
 
 The list of over a thousand Masters of Arts a display 
 
 of life and vigour - 18 
 
 The number of those who became Rectors of the 
 University of Paris a proof of the excellence of 
 the early training of the clergy 18 
 
 Ignorance and degeneracy of some members of the 
 
 clergy - 19 
 
 Zeal for learning kept up to the last - 20 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY - 23 
 
 MASTERS OF ARTS 99 
 
 NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 Students of Law at the University of Orleans - 146 
 
 Students of Law at the University of Padua - - 147 
 
 Institution of the Court of Session in 1532 - 147 
 
 Foundations and Endowments of Educational Insti- 
 tutions in Scotland from 1512 to 1560 - 148 
 
 Supplement to the List of John Major's works - - 150 
 INDEX TO BIBLIOGRAPHY 154 
 
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 PAGE 
 
 INSTITUTION OF THE COURT OF SESSION BY JAMES V. IN 
 
 1532 --------- -Frontispiece 
 
 Photographed from the Great Window in Parliament House, Edinburgh 
 
 A CLASS-ROOM IN THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY - 22 
 
 RECTOR OF UNIVERSITY OF PARIS ATTENDING A FUNERAL 24 
 
 WILLIAM ELPHINSTON, BISHOP OF ABERDEEN - - 32 
 
 ADAM BLACKWOOD - 64 
 
 JOHN LESLIE, BISHOP OF Ross 72 
 
 THE ADMIRABLE CRICHTON - 80 
 
 WILLIAM BARCLAY - 88 
 
 JOHN BARCLAY - 96 
 
 ECCLESIASTICAL SCHOOL - 98 
 
 ASSEMBLY OF DOCTORS OF THE SORBONNE IN THE GREAT HALL, 
 
 1732 - - ioo 
 
 From the original painting by Gerard Terbourg 
 
 OLD SORBONNE BEFORE THE FIRE IN 1670 - - 104 
 
 From a contemporary engrainng 
 
 GROUP OF DOCTORS, REGENTS AND STUDENTS - 108 
 
 RECTOR OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PAfcis, DOCTOR OF THE 
 
 SORBONNE - 112 
 
 COLLEGE OF NAVARRE - 120 
 
 RECEIVING THE CAP OF MASTER OF ARTS - 128 
 
 SEAL OF CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY - 136 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ORLEANS : THE GREAT HALL - 144 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 "THE Church in Scotland in the generations before the 
 Reformation has been generally pictured as the blackest 
 spot in Christendom ;" l people sat in darkness while 
 spiritual and intellectual stupor settled upon the Church. 2 
 It should, however, be borne in mind that no evidence has 
 been adduced to prove this, and Mr. T. Brewer warns the 
 student of this period of history that he will misunderstand 
 it, if he starts his inquiry by regarding the Reformation as 
 the creation of light to illuminate a previous period of 
 darkness. 3 
 
 The Scottish clergy were widely dispersed. They were 
 seated for many centuries in the richest and fairest estates 
 of Scotland, for which they were indebted both to the 
 liberality of the people and to their own skill, perseverance, 
 and industry. That in so large a body of men, discredit- 
 able members were to be found is likely enough. After 
 years of anarchy and destructive wars, ignorant and un- 
 worthy men did find their way into the Church. That 
 the ignorance of the Scottish clergy was either so crass or 
 so general as some writers would have us believe is con- 
 trary to all analogy, and may be proved to be unsupported 
 by impartial and contemporary evidence. 
 
 Let us confine our inquiry to the last decades of the 
 existence of the ancient Church of Scotland from 1500 to 
 1560. 
 
 1 "A picture in colours not all sombre could be painted." Herkless, Hist. 
 of Archbishops of St. Andrews , i. 181. 
 
 2 A. Lang, Life of Knox. 
 
 3 T. S. Brewer, Henry VIII. , vol. ii. p. 468. 
 
 A 
 
2 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 From the outset we observe that higher education in 
 Scotland was identified with the Catholic Church. It was 
 so from the earliest ages. To deny such tradition would 
 be hardly possible where four universities are of Catholic 
 institution. 
 
 At the beginning of the sixteenth century Scotland was 
 educationally well equipped. We have documentary evi- 
 dence that grammar schools existed in connection with 
 most of the cathedrals, abbeys, collegiate churches, prin- 
 cipal burghs, and even in towns which have since sunk 
 into obscurity. The schools of Montrose and Dumbarton, 
 Perth and Aberdeen, were of some repute. 1 Grammar 
 schools were instituted in such numbers that an Act of 
 Parliament (1496) could make it, and did make it, 
 compulsory for all persons of a certain social position 
 to send their eldest sons to them, the object obviously 
 being that the proprietors of the country should all be 
 men of culture. 2 
 
 " There is indeed excellent reason for believing that, 
 with the exception of the Netherlands, no country in 
 Europe was better provided than Scotland with schools 
 for what was then primary and secondary education." 3 
 
 That these various provisions for the education, not only 
 of the clergy but also of the laity, met the educational 
 needs of the time as far as circumstances would allow is 
 the verdict of all historians, who view without prejudice the 
 educational career of the Catholic Church. 4 
 
 The natural result was an intellectual expansion which 
 forms an epoch in Scottish history. "There is no more 
 brilliant period in the history of Scotland than the quarter 
 of a century during which James IV. occupied the throne." 5 
 
 These evidences of the progress of the nation in James's 
 reign are borne out by a report on Scotland prepared by 
 
 1 J. Grant, Hist, oj the Burgh Schools of Scotland. Edgar, Hist, of Educa- 
 tion in Scotland. 
 
 2 Act of 1496. 3 Hume Brown, Life of Buchanan, p. 12. 
 
 4 Lord Bute, Rectorial Address, St. Andrews, 1893. 
 
 5 Hume Brown, Hist, of Scotland, p. 305. T. H. Millar, Hist, of Scottish 
 Literature, p. 46. Skelton, Maitland of Lethington, vol. i. p. 140. 
 
INTRODUCTION 3 
 
 the Spanish agent, de Ayala, which is confirmed by other 
 reports of distinguished contemporaries. 
 
 The great scholar, Father James Tyrie, so much admired 
 by Buchanan, referring to this period, says : " At this time 
 there was in Scotland a considerable number of scholars 
 well versed not only in scholastic theology but in the works 
 of the Fathers, and indeed in every department of antiquity." 1 
 
 Thomas Bourchier, D.D., of Magdalen College, Oxford, 
 and Doctor of the Sorbonne, says of the Scottish clergy : 
 "It is wonderful how many men of learning and piety 
 Scotland has produced. It is not necessary to enumerate 
 the illustrious men whom the Scottish Church has pro- 
 duced either in former or in more recent times, for their 
 names are too well known to need to be recorded here, 
 and the troubles of their own country, by dispersing them 
 into so many foreign lands, have made their virtues and 
 their learning only the more widely known. It is a 
 common remark that these men display not only the 
 rarest piety, but acuteness of intellect truly wonderful, and 
 literary knowledge which is beyond all praise." 2 
 
 The English Ambassador, Sir R. Sadleir, who was so 
 well acquainted with Scotland, was forced to admit that 
 " the Churchmen were the only capable persons in the 
 country to whom the government could be prudently 
 entrusted. He hath met a great number of noblemen and 
 gentlemen that be well given to the verity of Christ's 
 Word and doctrine, but the noblemen be young. I see 
 none among them that hath any such agility of wit, 
 gravity, learning and experience, to take in hand the direc- 
 tion of things. So that the King is of force driven to use 
 the bishops and clergy as ministers of the realm. They 
 be the men of wit and policy ; they be never out of the 
 King's ear." 3 
 
 The evidence of contemporary writers is confirmed by 
 the Bibliography of Pre-Reformation Scholars and by the 
 List of Masters of Arts. Both present in the most 
 
 1 Report upon the State of Scotland, J. Stevenson, S.J., Nan's Memoirs. 
 2 T. Bourchier, Historia Ecclesiastica, Paris, 1582, p. 278. 
 'Skelton, Maitland of Lethington, vol. i. p. 186. 
 
4 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 convenient form a concise record of the literary efforts 
 of the Scottish clergy, and of some of their scholars, on 
 the eve of the Reformation. 
 
 It is difficult to determine what proportion of the 
 current literature of the first half of the sixteenth century 
 in Scotland the contemporary prose and verse had been 
 committed to print ; but it may be assumed that it was 
 not large, and that much of it remained in manuscript, the 
 manuscript being transmitted from hand to hand and 
 copied as opportunity served. 1 Some of these manuscripts 
 are among the Latin MSS. of the great libraries. 
 
 Scotland, convulsed by misrule, clan feuds, and civil 
 strife, was not the abode that studious leisure loves. 
 Religion and peace had forsaken the land, and literature 
 had followed. 
 
 "About this time" (1520), observes Mr. Dickson, 
 " there is a gap in the succession of Scottish printers, and 
 we are led to infer that the printing materials, recently 
 brought to Scotland, were either sold or laid aside, from 
 the fact that during the last fifteen years of Chapman's life 
 all the works of learned Scotsmen at home and abroad 
 were printed on the Continent." 2 No printer was safe. 
 When the English army burned Edinburgh in 1544, Scott 
 fled to St. Andrews, taking with him his press and printing 
 materials. 
 
 Books of this period being very scarce, we could hardly 
 hope to present a complete bibliography of pre-Reformation 
 books of the sixteenth century. Imperfect as it is, we 
 trust it may not be so defective as to be devoid of all use 
 and value. 
 
 In our appreciation of the various writers, we have 
 endeavoured to follow some of the best critics. 
 
 Among the chief glories of the reign of James the 
 Fourth was the appearance of men of learning and genius, 
 whose productions form part of the national inheritance. 
 
 1 Skelton, Maitland of Lethington, vol. i. p. 92. 
 
 2 R. Dickson, Annals of Scottish Printing^ p. 99. See Bibliographic des 
 livres publics a Paris et a Lyon par les Savants cossais rtfugifc en France au 
 XVI' siecle, par W. Forbes Leith (Revtie des bibliotheques, juillet, 1911). 
 
INTRODUCTION 5 
 
 The two most celebrated poets of this period were William 
 Dunbar and Gavin Douglas, the one a priest and the other 
 a bishop. The genius of Dunbar and Gavin Douglas is 
 sufficient to illuminate whole centuries of ignorance. 1 
 " There is something about Dunbar which cannot fail to 
 attract. He is brilliant, satirical, inventive. His wit is 
 vigorous, and he has a wealth of words, sometimes keen 
 and incisive ; but the hardy and masculine independence, 
 the direct and personal force of his genius, is its charm." 2 
 Sir Walter Scott calls Dunbar " the excellent poet, un- 
 rivalled by any whom Scotland ever produced." Dunbar's 
 Lament of the Makaris^ composed in 1507-8, shows that 
 Scotland had become a nest of singers, and their best 
 works bear evidence of classical influence. 
 
 As the translator of the Aeneid, Gavin Douglas (d. 1522) 
 must always remain an interesting figure, and it is on his 
 translation that his claims mainly rest. In the opinion of 
 his latest critics, Douglas has rendered his author with 
 sympathetic insight and a frequent felicity of interpretation 
 which have not been surpassed by any subsequent trans- 
 lator. 3 A recent critic says that " no poet, not even Dante 
 himself, ever drank more deeply of the spirit of Virgil 
 than Gavin Douglas." 4 
 
 In Robert Henryson, " Chaucer's aptest and brightest 
 scholar," we notice a real poetic gift and great mastery of 
 style. In the poems, where he speaks with the deepest 
 feeling, we have the natural reflection of a time when 
 thoughtful observers could not but look with anxiety on 
 the future of their country. It is on the triumph of 
 wickedness, the uncertainty of life, the happiness of death, 
 that he strikes his deepest notes, and most directly suggests 
 that he is giving utterance to the higher consciousness of 
 his time. But if he represents the age in this seriousness 
 of tone, the quality of his style speaks as clearly for the 
 existence of a cultivated opinion. 5 
 
 J Sir W. Scott. 2 Skelton, Maitland of Lethington, vol. i. p. 108. 
 
 3 Hume Brown in Chambers 's Encyclopaedia, ix. p. 250. 
 
 4 Cambridge Hist, of English Literature, vol. ii. p. 258. 
 8 Hume Brown, Hist, of Scotland, \. p. 292. 
 
6 FEE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 Reference should also be made to the poetry of the old 
 Scottish Border ballads, of which Scotland has produced 
 splendid specimens. Such examples as the " Battle of 
 Otterburn," " Kinmond Willie," "Mary Hamilton," "Sir 
 Patrick Spens," " The Young Tamlane," and " Jamie Telfer 
 of the Fair Dodhead," to name only a few, have been a source 
 of lasting delight to successive generations of readers. 
 
 The only considerable work in Scottish prose, written 
 before the death of James V., was Bellenden's translation 
 of Hector Boece's History of the Scottish People. It is an 
 admirable specimen of the Scots tongue at its best, and as 
 the archdeacon did not adhere very closely to his text, it 
 has much of the spirit and vigour of an original work. 1 
 
 A Scottish history in the vernacular was written by 
 John Leslie, Bishop of Ross. It was translated in enlarged 
 form into Latin, with many corrections and additions, 
 and the latter portion is of great value as a Catholic 
 account of the events with which the bishop was himself 
 acquainted. 
 
 Classical Scholarship. 
 
 In the great Humanist movement which preceded the 
 Reformation, Scotland had an honourable share. Though 
 a time of civil strife and great devastation of the country 
 was hardly suitable for study, the Scots were not behind 
 in classical scholarship ; they fully assimilated all that was 
 best in the Renaissance, and were recognized as among 
 the foremost scholars of Europe. 
 
 Boece, 2 says Johnson, may justly be considered and 
 reverenced as one of the revivers of elegant learning. 
 Erasmus gave him a public testimony of esteem by in- 
 scribing to him a catalogue of his works. 
 
 Bishop David Panter's diplomatic letters combine the 
 most elegant Latinity with a simplicity and brevity which 
 reminds us of Roman or Greek diplomacy. 3 
 
 Florence Wilson's Ciceronian dialogue, De animi tran- 
 quillitate, has been highly esteemed for the elegance and 
 
 1 Skelton, Maitland of Lethington, i. p. 93. 2 d. 1536. 
 
 3 Tytler, Life of Craig, p. 83. Laing, Life of Knox, j. 105. 
 
INTRODUCTION 7 
 
 beauty of its composition. When Wilson called on 
 Sadoleto, Bishop of Carpentras, he so completely charmed 
 that Ciceronian scholar by his exquisite Latinity that he 
 was at once appointed principal of the local school, where 
 he lectured on Latin authors for ten years (I536-46). 1 
 
 By his contemporaries, both in England and on the 
 Continent, Buchanan's mastery of Latin, equally in prose 
 and verse, was acknowledged with emphatic unanimity, 
 Poetarum nostri saeculi facile princeps. So he was described 
 by Henri Estienne, and the eulogy, approvingly repeated 
 by Camden, was generally regarded as just by the scholars 
 of every country. 2 
 
 According to some critics, Buchanan's scholarship is 
 best represented by his Latin version of the Psalms in 
 various metres (1566). Even in his lifetime his Latin 
 Psalms were studied in the schools of Germany ; they 
 remained long in use in the schools of Scotland, and an 
 edition was even set to music in 1585. 3 It was preceded 
 by another musical edition (Lyons, 1579). 
 
 The Study of Greek. 
 
 In spite of much trouble at home and the difficulty of 
 travelling, the Scottish clergy did not fail to keep them- 
 selves abreast of the scholarship of the day. 
 
 Gavin Douglas, Bishop of Dunkeld, had an almost 
 reverential admiration for the classic writers. He had 
 studied Greek, and apparently knew Homer in the original. 
 The prologue to his translation of the Aeneid (1518) 
 informs us that Lord Sinclair had urged him to the task. 
 
 Quhilk with grete instance seir 
 Preyit me translait Virgill or Omeir. 4 
 
 1 J. Sandys, Hist, of Classical Scholarship. 
 
 2 Cambridge Hist, of English Literature, vol. iii. pp. 57 et seq. 
 
 3 Hume Brown, Life of Buchanan, pp. 146-9. A closer rendering of the Psalms 
 than that of Buchanan was produced in 1637 by his countryman, A. Johnston 
 (1587-1641), editor of Delitiae Poetarum Scotorum. 
 
 4 As early as 1513 Gavin Douglas had translated the Aeneid of Virgil into 
 Scottish dialect. 
 
8 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 The anonymous clergyman who wrote the Complaynt of 
 Scotland proves that he was acquainted not only with the 
 lore of the schoolmen but with authors ancient and 
 modern ; Juvenal, Cicero, Plutarch, Thucydides are quoted 
 and referred to. 
 
 Scottish students still flocked to foreign universities, and 
 migrated from college to college, from Paris to Louvain, 
 from Padua to Bologna. 
 
 In Paris they could meet the Greek, Constantine 
 Palaocappa, a former monk of Athos, who entered the 
 service of the Cardinal of Lorraine, a faithful friend of the 
 Scots. Others attended the lectures of Vatable, a French 
 priest, Professor of Greek at the College de France. At 
 Louvain the study of Greek and Hebrew had been intro- 
 duced in 1517 by Erasmus. At Bourges some became 
 acquainted with Peter Amyot, Professor of Greek in that 
 University. In the year 1522 Boece mentions George 
 Dundas, Master of the Knights of St. John in Scotland, as 
 a good Greek scholar. 1 
 
 In 1533 Buchanan published at Paris Medea Euripidis 
 paraphrasis poetica. Buchanan had a mastery over Greek 
 very uncommon in that age, and his versatile power 
 of Latin versification enabled him to charm the reading 
 world of the day with delightful translations of the Greek 
 dramatists. A letter of Florence Wilson (c. 1533) implies 
 that he had to give lectures in the elements of Greek. 
 Barthelemy Aneau, in the Emblems of Alciat (Lyons, I 5 29), 
 states that he undertook the work by the advice of M. 
 Florence Volusen (Wilson), whose virtues, knowledge of 
 the arts, sciences, and of Greek, Latin, " Escossois," French, 
 Italian, etc., he highly extols. 
 
 John Erskine of Dun " was for Scotland a man of 
 learning," says Andrew Lang. " He was our first amateur 
 of Greek in Montrose, where he established a French 
 teacher of that language in I 534." 2 
 
 Greek was also taught at the Grammar School of 
 
 1 M'Crie, Life of Knox, Note C, p. 4- 
 
 2 A. Lang, Life of Knox, p. 53. Leslie, History of Scotland, S.T.S., vol. i. 
 p. 246. 
 
INTRODUCTION 9 
 
 Perth, and Bishop Leslie, in giving an account of the visit 
 of James V. to Aberdeen in 1540, and the reception 
 accorded to the King and Queen, says : " No day passed 
 without their having either a comedy or some controversy 
 or orations in Greek or Latin." We know that by the 
 statutes of the ancient Grammar School of Aberdeen 
 (1553) the pupils had to speak to each other in Latin, 
 Greek, Hebrew, French, or Gaelic, never in the common 
 tongue. 1 
 
 John Row in 1560 taught both Greek and Hebrew at 
 the Grammar School of Perth. He used to read with his 
 family passages of Scripture in Hebrew, Greek, Latin, 
 French, and English. 2 
 
 In 1550 we find John Leslie at Paris studying divinity 
 and languages, especially Greek and Hebrew. Leslie 
 probably attended the lectures on the Greek language 
 delivered by the celebrated Turnebus (i.e. Turnbull), 3 a 
 scholar who had been the colleague of Buchanan in the 
 University of Paris ; whom Joseph Scaliger had eulogized 
 as the ornament not of France alone, but of Europe, and 
 regarding whose profound classical knowledge the ablest 
 judges of those times can hardly express their admiration. 4 
 
 Henry Scrimgeour, of the house of Dudhope, gained 
 high favour among continental civilians by his Greek 
 version of the Novellae Constitutiones? 
 
 Edward Henryson, who was for several years Professor of 
 Civil Law, was also the translator of Plutarch and Epictetus. 6 
 
 Friar Alexander, of the Observantine Order, was with- 
 out his equal in the kingdom in the three tongues Latin, 
 Greek, and Hebrew. He died in I562. 7 
 
 1 See Spalding Chib Miscellany. 
 
 2 Edgar, History of Early Scottish Education, p. 803. 
 
 'Turnbull was the son of a Scots Guard. His grandfather was a Scotsman, 
 according to Dempster and Buchanan. 
 
 4 Tytler, Life of Craig \ Laing, History of Lindores Abbey, pp. 125-9. 
 5 Hill Burton, The Scot Abroad, p. 301. 
 
 6 Tytler, Life of Craig, p. 129. G. Con, Prametia sive calumnia, etc., 
 Bononise, 1621, in fine. 
 
 7 Hay, Observantine Chronicle, edited by Wadding. 
 
10 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 William Hegate and Robert Balfour were simultaneously 
 professors at Bordeaux, and it is of them that Vinetus is 
 supposed to write to Buchanan when he says : " This 
 school is rarely without a Scotsman ; it has two at present, 
 one of whom is Professor of Philosophy, the other of the 
 Greek language and mathematics. Both are good, honest, 
 and learned men, and enjoy the favourable opinion of their 
 auditors." l 
 
 " Robert Balfour," says a contemporary, " deserves to be 
 called a model of excellence for Latin, Greek, philosophy, 
 and mathematics." 
 
 Bayle, in his notice of John Cameron, another professor 
 at the University of Bordeaux, records the astonishment 
 of the French professors, who wondered how this youth, 
 raw from Glasgow, had acquired a perfect mastery of 
 Greek. 
 
 His contemporary, Alexander Scott, was then preparing 
 the Greek grammar which " spread his fame through 
 Christendom." 2 
 
 All this proves convincingly that Greek was known and 
 taught in Scotland previous to 1560, and that at least 
 some of the youth during their stay abroad had acquired 
 a fair knowledge of the Greek language. 
 
 Philosophy. 
 
 The study of Greek philosophy seems to have had 
 great charm for Scottish students. Erasmus notes as a 
 generally recognized fact the aptitude of the Scots for 
 abstract thinking, and the younger Scaliger made a 
 similar remark in somewhat different terms. In our own 
 days Sir William Hamilton believed that the reputation 
 for intellectual capacity, which Scotland has always 
 sustained among the nations of Europe, is founded far 
 less on the achievements of her sons in learning and 
 scholarship than on what they have done, or shown them- 
 selves capable of doing, in philosophy proper and its 
 dependent sciences. 
 
 1 Hill Burton, The Scot Abroad, p. 297. 2 See Bibliography. 
 
INTRODUCTION 11 
 
 " In former ages," says Sir William, " Scotland pre- 
 sented but few objects for scientific and literary ambition ; 
 and Scotsmen of intellectual enterprise usually sought in 
 other countries that education, patronage, and applause 
 which were denied them in their own. It is indeed an 
 honourable testimony to the natural vigour of Scottish 
 talent that while Scotland afforded so little encouragement 
 for its production, a complement so large in amount and 
 of so high a quality should have been spontaneously 
 supplied. During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries 
 there was hardly to be found a continental university 
 without a Scottish professor. It was, indeed, a common 
 saying that a Scottish pedlar and a Scottish professor 
 were everywhere to be met with. 
 
 " France, however, was long the nursery of Scottish 
 talent, and this even after the political and religious 
 estrangement of Scotland from her ancient ally by the 
 establishment of the Reformation and the accession of the 
 Scottish monarch to the English Crown. The extent of 
 this foreign patronage may be estimated from the fact that 
 a single prelate the illustrious Cardinal du Perron is 
 recorded to have founded places in the seminaries of 
 France for a greater number of literary Scotsmen than all 
 the schools and universities of Scotland maintained at 
 home. 
 
 " But this favour to our countrymen was not without its 
 reasons, and the ground of partiality was not their superior 
 erudition. What principally obtained for them reputation 
 and partiality abroad was their dialectical and metaphysical 
 acuteness ; and this they were found so generally to 
 possess that philosophical talent became almost a pro- 
 verbial attribute of the nation. 
 
 " During the ascendant of the Aristotelic philosophy, 
 and so long as dexterity in disputation was considered the 
 highest academical accomplishment, the logical subtlety of 
 our countrymen was in high and general demand. 
 
 " But they were remarkable less as writers than as in- 
 structors, for were we to consider them only in the former 
 capacity the works that now remain to us of the expatriated 
 
12 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 philosophers these Scott extra Scotiam agentes though 
 neither few nor unimportant, would still never enable us to 
 account for the high and peculiar reputation which the 
 Scottish dialecticians so long enjoyed through Europe." l 
 
 The most remarkable of those Scottish philosophers was 
 John Major. There was danger of this interesting per- 
 sonality passing into oblivion, but the Historical Society 
 of Scotland has revived the memory of this national 
 worthy. John Major was " the one eminent thinker whom 
 we can with certainty say that Scotland gave to Scholas- 
 ticism." "In Paris he was regarded by all the learned 
 world as a most distinguished champion of medievalism"; 2 
 " a notable landmark in the history of European thought." 3 
 
 The Study of Law. 
 
 The study and practice of law by the Scottish clergy 
 deserves special attention. If, as Sir William Hamilton 
 says, the logical subtlety of the Scots was in high and 
 general demand in the continental universities, it seems 
 equally true that it was in the highly practical subjects of 
 the conduct and administration of the law that the intel- 
 lectual activity of the ablest of the Scottish churchmen 
 mainly exercised itself. 4 
 
 The outstanding fact above all others is that, during the 
 two centuries preceding the institution of the Court of 
 Session in 1532, there existed numerous, and in some 
 cases distinguished, Scottish students and masters of that 
 grand old system of Roman Law on which the law of 
 Scotland is founded, and that most of them acquired their 
 knowledge of it at the University of Orleans (see Appendix, 
 " List of Students at Orleans "), the one great and famous 
 law school of Northern Europe. 5 
 
 1 Sir W. Hamilton, Lecture on Metaphysics, vol. i. pp. 392-3. 
 
 2 Cambridge Hist, of Literature, vol. iii. p. 151. 
 3 T. G. Law, Essays, p. 157. 
 
 4 Bishop Dowden, Hist, of Scotland in the Middle Ages. 
 
 5 Professor Kirkpatrick, Miscellany, Historical Society, Edinburgh, vol. ii. 
 p. 47. 
 
INTRODUCTION 13 
 
 Many of the bishops and heads of the great religious 
 houses were distinguished lawyers, and among the ablest 
 and best informed men of the kingdom. As Sadleir re- 
 marked, they often possessed a knowledge of affairs and 
 a breadth of views, gained from years of study in the 
 great schools of the Continent and from acquaintance with 
 the world outside the narrow bounds of Scotland, which 
 could rarely be looked for among the great nobles. 1 
 
 "There is reason to believe," says the late Bishop 
 Dowden, "that the Courts of the Church commanded 
 general respect. The procedure was exact, and the 
 judges were drawn from a large body of well-trained 
 lawyers. To say that they were always above external 
 influence would be to claim for them what could not be 
 justly claimed even for the King's justiciars. The 
 general desire was to do justice, and there are but few 
 indications of any disposition on the part of the judges 
 to be respecters of persons. Judgment was often given 
 against bishops and abbots, as well as against the great 
 nobles." 2 
 
 Among the learned Churchmen, who adorned the Scottish 
 Courts of Justice before the Reformation, we notice the 
 illustrious Bishop Elphinstone, who was Professor of Law 
 at Orleans from 1481 to 1484, and instituted two pro- 
 fessorships of law in Aberdeen. 3 
 
 As a practical lawyer, Robert Reid, Bishop of Orkney, 
 by much sojourning among the Italian and French lawyers, 
 was enabled to adjust the procedure in the Court to the 
 foreign model on which it was founded. David Laing 
 and Cosmo Innes pay an eloquent tribute to the virtue 
 and piety of the last Catholic Bishop of Orkney. " He 
 was a scholar, a lover of books, a judicious builder, a 
 founder of Edinburgh University, and a man of clean life." 4 
 Buchanan styles him " a good man and of consummate 
 wisdom " ; 5 and Leslie describes him as " of singular 
 
 1 Bishop Dowden, op. cit., cf. Sir R. Sadleir's Memoirs. 
 
 2 Bishop Dowden, op. dt. , p. 289. 
 
 3 Statistical Account of 'the University of Aberdeen, vol. xxi. p. 64. 
 
 4 Laing, Knox, vol. i. p. 264. 6 History > bk. xiv. 
 
14 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 wit, good judgment, good learning and life, and long 
 experience." x 
 
 Of Gavin Dunbar (d. I 547), Archbishop of Glasgow and 
 Lord Chancellor of Scotland, whose studies in philosophy 
 in Paris, and in the civil law at Angers, overlooked by his 
 biographers, are commemorated in Major's dedication of 
 his commentary on St. Luke, 2 Buchanan says : " He was 
 a good and learned man." 3 
 
 Tytler tells us that it was probably by the advice of 
 Dunbar, who had been his preceptor, and then held the 
 office of Chancellor, that King James V. was induced to 
 form the Court of Session in 1532. 
 
 Henry Sinclair, Bishop of Ross, appointed Lord of 
 Session by James V., is described by Leslie as " ane wyse 
 and learnet man." 4 
 
 John Sinclair, Dean of Restalrig, brother of Henry 
 Sinclair, Bishop of Ross, was the author of the earliest 
 collection of the decisions of our Supreme Court, known 
 under the name of Sinclair s Practicks? 
 
 John Leslie, Bishop of Ross, having studied Civil and 
 Canon Law for four years at Poitiers, taught Canon Law 
 at Toulouse, and took his final degree as Doctor of Laws 
 at Paris in 1553. Coming to Scotland in I 5 54, he taught 
 Civil Law in Aberdeen. 
 
 Alexander Myln, Abbot of Cambuskenneth, served in 
 successive Parliaments from 1532 to 1542 as Lord of 
 Articles. In 1532 he was made first President of the 
 Court of Session, and presided over the Court until his 
 death in 1548 or 1549. 
 
 Myln's capacity for juridical office was shown by the 
 careful rules of court drawn by him and embodied in the 
 first act of sederunt? 
 
 James Cheyne, Rector of Aboyne, was Doctor of Laws 
 and Rector of the University of Paris. 7 
 
 1 History > Ban. Club, p. 267. 
 
 2 Sheriff Mackay, Historical Society, Life of Major. 
 
 *Hist. of Scotland^ Trans., vol. ii. p. 180. *Hist., p. 252. 
 
 5 Advocates' Library MS. 
 
 6 Sir Henry Campbell, Acts of Sedernnt, Edinburgh, 1811. 
 
 7 See Bibliography. 
 
INTRODUCTION 15 
 
 Many of the priests bore the distinction of Bachelor or 
 Doctor of Decreets or Civil Law. A number of posts con- 
 nected more particularly with the administration of justice 
 in the capital were bestowed upon the more capable of the 
 clergy. 1 
 
 When in i 536 the King instituted the Court of Session 
 as the central and Supreme Civil Court of Scotland it was 
 arranged that the President should be an ecclesiastic, partly 
 because a large part of its revenues were supplied by the 
 Church, and partly because the clergy were the only class 
 at that time thoroughly trained in law. The seats upon 
 the bench were filled by an equal number of lay and 
 clerical members. 
 
 An enduring memorial of this event is the richly painted 
 glass of the great window towards the south in the Parlia- 
 ment Hall in Edinburgh. Here James is represented as 
 seated on the throne of Scotland, handing the Papal Bull 
 instituting the Court of Session to Abbot Alexander Myln, 
 the first President thereof, while the Archbishop of Glasgow, 
 Gavin Dunbar, then Chancellor of Scotland, is standing 
 amongst the nobles in a prominent position, expressing his 
 complete approval of these important legal proceedings. 
 
 In March, 1536, a general Provincial Council of the 
 clergy voted the imposition of a yearly tax upon the pre- 
 lates for the maintenance of the College of Justice (Court 
 of Session). The Pope's Bull authorizing and confirming 
 the establishment of the Court of Session is dated i 2th 
 March, 1534. 
 
 Architects. 
 
 The clergy were the architects of many of the churches 
 and public works of the sixteenth century. 
 
 To her clergy Scotland owed her cathedrals and abbeys, 
 whose ruins are still beautiful. It was to bishops that 
 Scotland owed her most notable bridges. To mention but 
 a few of the best known : the bridge over the Clyde at 
 Glasgow, described in the Privy Council Register as one 
 of the most remarkable monuments within the kingdom 
 
 1 Skelton, op. cit., p. 154. 
 
16 FEE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 (Reg. P.C., x. 304) ; that over the Don at Aberdeen, "the 
 Brig o' Balgownie " ; the Guard Bridge in Fife, reckoned 
 only inferior to the two first named ; and that over the 
 Tay at Perth. All were directly or indirectly due to the 
 pious care of Scottish bishops. 1 
 
 Alexander Galloway (d. I 5 5 2), Rector of Kinkell, enjoyed 
 a high reputation in the north of Scotland as an architect 
 of ecclesiastical buildings. He built the first bridge of Dee, 
 which consisted of ten arches, and was completed in I 529. 
 
 Alexander Galloway was also employed as architect of 
 part of the city walls of Aberdeen. 
 
 In 1496, Sir Thomas Smyth, a priest, was Master of 
 Works within the Castle of Stirling. The Abbot of 
 Lindores next became Master of Works, and was succeeded 
 by Sir W. Beatoune and Andrew Atoune, both priests, I 
 believe. 
 
 In the Privy Seal writs for 1529 we find that on the 
 3rd January Sir Thomas Nicholay, priest, is made Master 
 of Works within Stirling. 
 
 The Parliament Hall, with its great window, within the 
 Castle of Stirling, is due to those early architects, and the 
 delicacy of the outline bespeaks an admirable type of 
 Gothic design. 2 
 
 We possess " A precept made to Maister Leonard Logy 
 for his gud and thankfull service done and to be done to 
 the King's hienes, and specialie for his diligent and grate 
 lauboure made by him in the bigging of the palace beside 
 the Abbey of the Holy Croce, of the soum of 40 pundis of 
 the usuale money of the realme to be peyit to him of the 
 King's coffers yearlie, for all the days of his life, or until he 
 be beneficit of an hundred merks." Dated at Edinburgh, 
 loth Sept., 1503. 
 
 This gracious act of royal bounty to his faithful priest 
 and architectural adviser apparently marks the completion 
 of some portion of the new buildings. 
 
 " Of the present palace," says Mr. Scott Myln, " Queen 
 Mary's Tower alone dates from the beginning of the 
 
 1 T. Stewart, Hist, of Kinloss, p. 18. 
 
 2 R. Scott Myln, Master Masons, p. 9 seq. 
 
INTRODUCTION 17 
 
 sixteenth century. Its stout walls and solid masonry 
 have withstood the effects of fire and siege by the enemy. 
 
 " The well-laid foundation may be connected with the 
 name of M. Leonard Logy, while the upper portion was 
 doubtless completed by James V., who spent a good deal 
 of money on Holyrood in I 529, and the six years immedi- 
 ately following this date." 
 
 There was also a range of buildings running to the south, 
 of less height and less solid structure, partly erected by 
 James IV. and finished by James V. These were burned 
 by the English invaders under the Earl of Hertford in 
 1544. 
 
 During the latter half of the reign of James V. Master 
 Leonard Logy acted as auditor of the King's books of 
 accounts. 1 
 
 Alexander Myln, Abbot of Cambuskenneth, and first 
 President of the Court of Session, who was also a dis- 
 tinguished architect, was appointed Master Mason to King 
 James V. At the request of Bishop Brown he built the 
 bridge of Dunkeld. An arch of the bridge had just been 
 finished when the news of Flodden reached Dunkeld. 
 
 Bishop Brown, worn out with age and broken by grief 
 on account of the distress and anarchy of his country, 
 found himself besides tormented to death by disease. He 
 then wrote his will with his own hand : 
 
 " I commit my soul to God, the glorious Virgin and 
 St. Colme. All the share of St. Colme's patrimony that 
 falis to me, I bequeath for the support of the Church and 
 the bridge of Dunkeld and for the maintenance of the 
 poor." He further left his successor, if named by the Pope, 
 all the furniture in Dunkeld. During his last summer 
 residence at Dunkeld he gave himself entirely to prayer 
 and meditation, only at times finding amusement and 
 diversion by looking from a window at the bridge work, 
 one arch of which was completed. 2 
 
 Abbot Myln devoted his latter days to the study and 
 enforcement of the law, then much needed in Scotland. 
 
 1 R. Scott Myln, ibid., pp. 9-15. 
 
 2 Abbot Myln, Lives of the Bishops oj Dunkeld. 
 
18 FEE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 On the 2Oth February, 1548, he attended the Court of 
 Session for the last time, and soon after died. He was 
 succeeded in his office by the Bishop of Orkney. 
 
 Masters of Arts. 
 
 Masters of Arts, like masters or doctors of other 
 faculties, were divided into regents and non-regents. 
 Regents were masters actually engaged in teaching. 
 
 The list of eleven hundred Masters of Arts which 
 follows the Bibliography is a remarkable display of the life 
 and vigour which had been given to the Church just when 
 she seemed to be beaten out of the field by her foes. The 
 number of Scottish students who at this time still flocked 
 to foreign universities, and the number of those who be- 
 came professors and rectors of the University of Paris, is a 
 striking proof of the excellence of the early training as 
 well as of the native ability and unwearied energy of 
 these northern scholars. 1 
 
 The Scottish rectors of the University of Paris during 
 the sixteenth century were : 
 
 M. Joannes de Hirlandia, Rector anno 1469, d. c. 1517. 
 
 M. Herbertus Heryot Glasguensis, 23 Junii, 1538. 
 
 M. Gulielmus Manderston, c. 1525. 
 
 M. Claudius 'Espenceus (Spens), I Jth Dec., 1540. 
 
 M. Gulielmus Cranston, I 5th Dec., 1542. 
 
 M. Joannes Stuart Glasguensis, 23rd June, 1550. 
 
 M. Adam Blackwood, loth Oct., 1567. 
 
 M. Henricus Blackwood, i6th Dec., 1568. 
 
 M. Joannes Hamilton, I 5th Dec., 1584. 
 
 M. Joannes Fraser, loth Oct., 1597. 
 Idem, 1 6th Dec., 1598. 
 
 M. Jacobus Cheyne electus concorditer Rector Univer- 
 sitatis Parisiensis, 1602. 
 
 M. Jacobus Leith, d. 1603. 
 
 (See du Boullay : Jourdain, Hist, de /' Universite de 
 Paris, i. p. 285 ; Necrologium Collegii Scotoruvi 
 Parisiensis, Blairs College MS.) 
 
 lr T. Edgar, Hist, of Early Scottish Education, p. 136. 
 
INTRODUCTION 19 
 
 Ignorance and Degeneracy of some Members of the Clergy. 
 
 " Leslie," says Andrew Lang, " throws, not unjustly, on 
 the state the crime of bestowing church wealth on the 
 scions of turbulent noble families, without any respect to 
 their piety, conduct, or learning. Huntlys, Homes, 
 Ogilvies, Dundases, Hamiltons, and Douglases all got sops 
 to keep them quiet. Secular lords who obtained control 
 over lands of the church, made their influence felt in 
 the appointment of bishops, abbots, parsons, and vicars. 
 Rectories were filled by men who had not even received the 
 clerical character." 1 They assumed spiritual titles with- 
 out performing the spiritual duties of their offices. The 
 Crown claimed the right to present to all benefices during 
 vacancies in the sees. 2 Thus royal, baronial, and clerical 
 influences operated upon nearly every appointment. In 
 consequence, the benefices were often distributed without 
 regard to the aptitude of the officials, who might be dis- 
 qualified by youth, age, or ignorance. Equally scandalous 
 was the appointment of their illegitimate children to rich 
 benefices in the Church Holyrood, Kelso, Melrose, Cold- 
 ingham, and St. Andrews from their infancy : Lord 
 Robert Stewart, Commendator of Holyrood in 1539, at 
 seven years of age ; Lord James, Commendator of St. 
 Andrews and Pittenweem in 1538, aged seven years; 
 Lord John, Prior of Coldingham in 1541, at eight years ; 
 Lord James, Abbot of Kelso and Melrose ; Lord Adam, 
 Prior of the Charterhouse. 3 
 
 The ruthless ravages of the armies of Henry VI 1 1., 
 which reduced Scotland almost to a desert, destroying on 
 the march towns, monasteries, and churches, contributed 
 much to the development of anarchy. 
 
 It was a wild and stormy time. " From Flodden Field 
 to Fotheringay the Tudor policy had one steady purpose. 
 
 1 Acts oj Parliament, Scotland, vol. i. p. 83. Robertson, Statuta, vol. i. 
 CCV, CCVI. 
 
 2 Diurnal of Occurrents, p. 4. T. K. Hewison, Certain Tractates, vol. i. 
 P- 95- 
 
 3 Hewison, op. cit., vol. ii. p. 93. 
 
20 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 To foster factions in Scotland by every form of deliberate 
 perfidy. By money and by lies to purchase traitors, to 
 hire assassins, to subsidise rebels to breed mischief, to 
 break up all honest national union. . . . Such was the 
 reputable business which Dacre, like Randolph and Sadleir 
 in after years, pursued with zest and proclaimed to his 
 employers with relish. The great power of England, 
 baffled a hundred times in her old pretensions to supremacy, 
 or faced with tireless resolution, sank to the cowardly 
 daggers or the base intrigues of traitors." * On May 29, 
 i 546, Cardinal Beaton was murdered, and on September 10, 
 1547, more than a thousand priests were slaughtered at 
 the battle of Pinkie. 1 
 
 From that period of frightful devastation, civil tumult, 
 lawless ambition, and reckless deeds of ferocious passion 
 may be dated the decline of the true faith in Scotland, the 
 progress of the English Protestant party, and the continued 
 growth of the different sects. 2 
 
 Zeal for Learning kept up to the Last. 
 
 As the ancient Church of Scotland was nearing its 
 tragical end, it was mindful to its close of its high tradi- 
 tions, and gave remarkable signs of life and vigour. 
 
 Interest in learning was apparently kept up among 
 religious orders to the last. 
 
 " It is impossible," says Mr. Moir Bryce, " to wade 
 through the dry passages of the Acta 3 without being im- 
 pressed by the ardent love for learning that prevailed 
 among all ranks of the Order (Black Friars), and by the 
 keen desire that every friar should mentally be properly 
 trained for his work. The constant cry is for study, study, 
 study ; and while at first their great mission is described 
 as ' preaching and study,' latterly the call is for ' study and 
 preaching.'" 4 The same may be said of the Grey Friars. 
 
 1 A. Lang, Hist, of Scotland, p. 394. W. Patten, The Expedition into 
 Scotland. Dalyell's Col, 1798, pp. 72-3. 
 
 2 Father Tyrie's Report. 3 Diaries and Records of the Order. 
 4 Moir Bryce, The Black Friars of Edinburgh, p. 2. 
 
INTRODUCTION 21 
 
 The long list of educational institutions, founded from 
 1500 to 1560, which we print in the Appendix, speaks 
 highly of the zeal of the clergy for the education of youth, 
 and the fact that so many collegiate churches were founded 
 and endowed in different districts shows that, in spite of 
 the satire and criticism of these later years, the old Church 
 had still a wonderful hold of the hearts of the people. 
 
 As Lingard observes : " Men, however vicious they may 
 be, are seldom blind to the vices of their teachers. The 
 malignity of the human heart is gratified with discovering 
 the defects of those who claim the reputation of superior 
 virtue. Had the clergy and the monks been as they are 
 so frequently described, an indolent, ignorant, avaricious 
 and luxurious race, they would never have commanded the 
 confidence nor have been enriched by the benefactions of 
 their countrymen." 
 
 " Do not suppose," Taine justly adds, " that man is 
 grateful for nothing, that he gives without adequate 
 motives ; he is too egotistic, too covetous for that. What- 
 ever may be the establishment, ecclesiastical or secular, 
 whatever may be the clergy, Buddhist or Christian, contem- 
 poraries whose observation extend over [many] centuries 
 are not bad judges. They do not forego their own desires 
 or surrender their goods except for proportionate services, 
 and the excess of their devotion may serve to indicate the 
 vastness of their obligations." l 
 
 1 Les origines de la France contemporaine, i. p. 8. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 A Bibliography of Pre- Reformation writers presents in a 
 convenient form a concise record of the literary efforts of the 
 Scottish clergy and of some of their scholars on the eve of 
 the Reformation. 
 
 LI EL (THOMAS) de Scotia, Rector of the University of 
 
 Cologne, 20 Dec. 1502. 
 
 Scripsit: Collectio Synodalis facta ad Clerum Coloniensem 
 1479 P er Thomam Liel, de Scotia, Artium Magistrum et S. 
 Theologise licentium. 
 
 Cf. Montfaucon in Bibliotheca manuscriptorum, fol. 35, refers 
 to " Bibliotheca Reginae Suecias ex Vaticana. No. 999." 
 
 MAJOR or MAYR (JOHN), c. 1470-1 5 so. 1 
 
 lo. M. ... in Matheu ad literam expositio, una cum trecentis 
 et octo dubiis et difficultatibus ad ejus elucidationem admodum 
 conducetibus passim insertis, quibus perlectis pervia erit quatuor 
 evangelistarum series. In florentissima Parrhisiorum Universitate. 
 Anno Salutoris n'ri Mcccccxviii. Jehan Graion. Preface to 
 James Beaton, Archbishop of Glasgow. 
 
 Cambridge University ; Edinburgh ; St. Andrews. 
 
 Io. M. HADINGTONANI Theologi in quatuor Evangelia exposi- 
 tiones luculente et disquisitiones contra hereticos plurime, premisso 
 serie literarum indice, et additis ad fmem operis quatuor questioni- 
 bus non impertinentibus. Venundantur a quo impressae Sunt 
 
 J The long list of Major's philosophical works is printed in the Appendix. 
 To Mr. T. G. Law we owe the ample, but not exhaustive, list of Major's 
 works. They contain many prefaces, dedications and letters possessing real 
 value for Scottish history. ^Eneas MacKay's Life of Major, S.H.S., vol x. 
 p. xxxi. 
 
24 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 lodoco Badio. Paris, 1529, fol. Preface to James Beaton, Arch- 
 bishop of St. Andrews. 
 
 British Museum ; Oxford, Bodleian ; University of Cambridge ; 
 Edinburgh ; Glasgow ; St. Andrews : Advocates' Library. 
 
 HISTORIA MAJORIS BRITANNLE tarn Anglise quam Scotiae per 
 J. M. nomine quidem Scotum professione autem theologum e 
 veterum monumentis concinnata. Venundatur J.-B. Ascensio. 
 Paris, 1521, 4. 
 
 Beaulieux, Bibliotheque de VUniversite; Paris ; British Museum ; 
 Edinburgh, Advocates' Library. 
 
 Born at Gleghornie (E. Lothian), Major taught at theSorbonne 
 and at Montaigu College in 1496. He returned to Scotland in 
 1518, and was professor at Glasgow University, where John Knox 
 and Patrick Hamilton were his pupils. After a year's study at the 
 University of Cambridge, in 1522, Major passed to the University 
 of St. Andrews, where Buchanan was his pupil. In 1525 Major, 
 wishing to escape the troubles of the times, returned to Paris, 
 where he was regarded by all the learned world as the most 
 distinguished champion of mediaevalism, 1 Aevo suo doctissimus 
 habebatur theologus? 
 
 " If we consider Major as a professional schoolman, we find 
 that he stands firm in the paths of the Catholic Church, and treats 
 all deviation from its doctrine as pestilent and poisonous heresy, 
 but, like the best Romanists of his age, he favours reforms within 
 the Church by the Church itself." 3 
 
 " The magnum opus of his life was the Commentary on the four 
 books of the Sentences of Peter Lombard. His history of Greater 
 Britain has many points of national and popular interest. It was 
 written before the Reformation by a learned divine of European 
 reputation, devotedly attached to the Church of Rome, and yet a 
 thorough Scot, who scarcely wrote a chapter which does not bear 
 witness to his love of country and home. John Major, too, was 
 the first man to write the chronicles of Scotland or rather of 
 Greater Britain in a broad and independent spirit." 4 
 
 1 Cambridge Hist, of Literature, vol. ii. p. 151. 
 
 2 Hurter's (S.)> Nomenclator Liter arius, ii. p. 1218. 
 
 3 ^Eneas MacKay, Historical Society (notice on Major's History}. 
 4 Graves Law, Collected Essays (1904), p. 106. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 25 
 
 GRAY (JOHN), de Haddington, 1506. 
 
 THESAURI THEOLOGORUM, pars prima, prirno libro senten- 
 tiarum correspondens. Opus correctum per Joannem Gray de 
 Scotia, artium et theologiae doctoris. Mediolani, 1506. 
 British Museum, 1226. b. 30. 
 
 DECISIONES Jo. Gray, Scoti, de haydnton. 
 
 Cf. Picardus, Joa., alias, De Gambia. Thesaurus theologorum 
 quatuor libris sententiar. correspondens, Uoctorum et magis- 
 tro[rum], sacra pagina professorum. 4 partes in i vol. Medio- 
 lani, J. de Casteliono, ad imp J. T. de Lignano, 1506. d. 12. Feb. 
 Goth. 4. Cf. Panzer, vii. 383. 46. 
 
 British Museum, 1226. b. 30. 
 
 ANONYMOUS. 
 
 GARLANDIA, Multorum vocabulorum . . . interpretatio. 4. 
 Rouen, 1506. Pierre Violette for Andrew Myllar. 
 
 EXPOSITIO SEQUENTIARUM seu Prosarum secundum Usum 
 Sarum. 1506. 
 
 British Museum, c. 35 c. 6. 
 
 Mr. Claudin has proved that this book was printed at Rouen by 
 Laurence Hostingue for Andrew Millar. 
 
 BARCLAY (ALEXANDER), 147 5? -15 52. 
 
 THE CASTELL OF LABOURE. Wynkind de Worde, 1506 ; 
 Pynson, n.d ; Cawood, n.d. 
 
 A translation of Le Chateau de Labovr by Pierre Gringoire. 
 1499. 
 
 THE ECLOGUES OF ALEXANDER BARCLAY, PREST. Powel, n.d. 
 Cambridge University Library. 
 
 THE SHYP OF FOLYS OF THE WORLDE. Pynson, 1509; 
 Cawood, 1570. 
 
 See the excellent edition by T. H. Jamieson(2 vols.), Edin. 1874. 
 
 THE INTRODUCTORY TO WRITE AND TO PRONOUNCE FRENCHE. 
 
 Copland. 
 
 Bodleian Library. 
 
 THE MYRROUR OF GOOD MANERS. Pynson, n.d. 
 
26 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 CRONYCLE compiled in Latin by the renowned Sallust. 
 Pynson, n.d. 
 
 Cambridge University Library. 
 
 Born about 1475. Bale, in his Illustrium M. Britannia 
 Scriptorum Summarium, introduces Barclay as Scotus. Dr. Wm. 
 Bulleen, who lived many years in the northern counties of England, 
 states that Barclay was " borne beyond the colde River of Twede." 
 The argument in favour of Barclay's Scottish nationality is 
 strengthened by the Scottish element in his vocabulary. 1 
 
 Of his Latin scholarship his Eclogues and his translation of 
 Sallust's Bellum Jugurthinum furnish ample evidence. Barclay 
 owes his chief fame to an English verse translation of the Ship oj 
 Fools, first published by Pynson in Dec., 1509. 
 
 The best account of Barclay and his works will be found 
 prefixed to T. H. Jamieson's edition of the Ship of Fools, 2 vols., 
 Edinburgh. See also Percy Society's publications and Sibbald's 
 Chronicle of Scottish Poetry, ii. 393-424. 
 
 HENRYSON (ROBERT), 1430?-! 506? 
 
 ORPHEUS AND EURYDICE,^ 
 
 ,TT V were printed m i e;o8. 
 
 THE WANT OF WISE MEN / 
 
 THE MORAL FABILLIS OF ESOPE the Phrygian, compylit 
 in Eloquent, and Ornate Scottis Meter, be Maister Robert 
 Henrisone, Scholemaister of Dunfermling . . . Newlie Imprentit 
 at Edinburgh, by Robert Lekpreuik, at the expense of Henrie 
 Charteris : and ar to be sauld in this Buith, on the North Syde 
 of the gait, above the Throne. Anno Do. MDLXX. 
 
 A unique copy of this edition is preserved in the library at 
 Britwell Court, Bucks. 
 
 THE FABULOUS TALES OF ESOPE the Phrygian, compiled 
 moste eloquently in Scottishe Metre by Master Robert Henrison, 
 and now lately Englished . . . London, Smith, Anno 1577. 
 
 The only known copy of this edition was in the library of Sion 
 College (.. ix. 40), but it is now missing. (See S.T.S. edition, 
 vol. ii. pp. xi-xvi). This edition prints all the texts of the Fables 
 in extenso, and gives a complete bibliography. The only collected 
 editions of Henryson's poems are David Laing's edition, 1865, and 
 Smith, G. Gregory, Scottish Text Society, in 3 vols. 
 
 1 Diet. Nat. Biography. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 27 
 
 THE TESTAMENT OF CRESSEID Compylit be M. Robert 
 Henryson, Sculemaister in Dunfermling. Imprentit at Edin- 
 burgh be Henrie Charteris. MDXCIII. 
 
 This is the earliest known separate edition, and the first printed 
 in Scotland. A unique copy is preserved in the British Museum. 
 British Museum (unique copy). 
 
 Robert Henryson, apparently a native of Fife, was master of 
 the Benedictine Abbey Grammar School in Dunfermline, and was 
 in priest's orders. When he was incorporated in the University 
 of Glasgow he was called "the Venerable Master Henrysone, 
 Licentiate in Arts & Bachelor in Decrees." Descriptive rather 
 than lyrical, he is at his best in describing scenes of rural life. 
 His more characteristic qualities are perhaps best manifested in 
 his Moral Fables and in the Philosophical Lyrics, where he 
 often alludes to the troubles of his fatherland. 
 
 See Life in Laing's edition (1885) ; Millar's Literary History 
 of Scotland (1903); T. F. Henderson's Scottish Vernacular 
 Literature (1903) ; Eyre-Todd's Medieval Scottish Poetry (1892). 
 
 DUNBAR (WILLIAM), c. 1460-1520. 
 
 THE GOLDYN TARGE, 4 (I.) [1508?]. Chapman & Myllar. 
 Advocates' Library. 
 
 THE TWA MARRIT WEMEN AND THE WEDO. 4. Printed in 
 Scotland. 
 
 THE FLYTING OF DUNBAR & KENNEDY. 4. \c. 1508.] 
 Chapman and Myllar. 
 
 THE BALLADE OF LORD BERNARD STEWART. 1 4. [1508.] 
 
 Chapman & Myllar. 
 
 Advocates' Library. 
 
 Collected editions : The Poems of William Dunbar. 3 vols. 
 Scottish Text Society. 1884-93. Standard edition. 
 
 In 1508 Louis XII., wishing to engage James IV. as his ally 
 against Venice, despatched Marshal Bernard Stewart of Aubigny 
 
 1 There is in the National Library in Paris a monument of Bernard Stewart's 
 military science. 
 
 " Livret et traicte pour entendre quel ordre et train ung prince ou chef de 
 guerre doibt tenir pour conquester ung pays ou passer ou traverser le pays des 
 nnemys, Compose par Messire Berault Stuart et par Maistre Estienne Le 
 
28 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 with a train of 80 horse on an embassy to the Scottish Court. 
 He was treated with great distinction. Tournaments were given 
 to celebrate his coming, and William Dunbar wrote a poem to 
 welcome his arrival. Enfeebled by the Calabrian fevers, the aged 
 warrior had only returned to his native country to lay his bones 
 there, and, worn out by a long series of campaigns, he died in the 
 house of his friend, Sir Forester, at Corstorphine, near Edin- 
 burgh, in June, 1508. In fulfilment of a vow, he directed that his 
 heart should be sent to the shrine of St. Ninian, in Galloway. 1 As 
 Wood observes, it would appear that he was buried in the Church 
 of the Blackfriars in Edinburgh, his last will being to this effect : 
 " I bequeath my soul to Almighty God, the blessed Virgin Mary, 
 and all the Saints, and my body to be buried in the Church of 
 Blackfriars in Edinburgh. Likewise, I bequeath, on the day of my 
 burial, to the poor, other pious works, and to the said friars 
 
 Dunbar, who welcomed his arrival in his native land, wrote 
 an elegy on his death, and Brantome informs us that he was 
 known as "The Chevalier sans reproche." 3 He was the com- 
 panion of Bayard and his rival in fame as a chivalrous soldier. 4 
 
 Chapman & Myllar printed seven of Dunbar's poems in the first 
 volume that issued from their press. 
 
 Collected editions : A careful edition by David Laing, 2 vols, 
 1834. Another by Small and Mackay for the Scottish Text 
 Society, 1884-9. See Dr. T. M. Ross's Scottish History and 
 Literature, 1884, and Oliphant Smeaton's Dunbar, 1898. 
 
 Dunbar received his early education at the school of Hadding- 
 ton. He entered the University of St. Andrews in 1475, an< ^ 
 graduated four years later. 
 
 Scott's statement that Dunbar is unrivalled by any poet 
 which Scotland ever produced strikes the highest note of praise. 
 
 Jeune, natif d'Aulbigny, son secretaire et chappellain ordinaire" (sixteenth 
 century, vellum MS. No. 20,003 S. Germain). 
 
 Another copy is in the possession of Lord Bute. On the first leaf is a fine 
 illumination of the author dictating to his secretary ; on the recto of the second 
 leaf there is a large and fine representation of the Court of Francis I., a 
 portrait of the King seated in the centre surrounded by his councillors, heralds, 
 etc. Three other illustrations represent the siege of a town, the defence of a 
 town, and a captured town being set on fire. 
 
 1 Leslie, History of Scotland, Ban. ed., p. 77. 
 
 2 Historical MS., Third Report, p. 392. 
 
 3 CEuvrcs de Bratitome, ed. Buchan, vol. i. 2OI. 
 
 4 " Le Sire d'Aubigny dont la loyaute etait celebree dans tout le royaume de 
 Naples." Sismondi, ch. xxix. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 29 
 
 According to the best critics, he is a satirist in the stronger 
 sense ; not unlike Chaucer, but more boisterous in his fun, and 
 showing an imaginative range which has no counterpart in the 
 southern poet. His satirical powers are best in his Tidings from 
 the Session, an attack on the Law Courts, and in his Satire on 
 Edinburgh, in which he denounces the filthy condition of the 
 capital ; in his fiercer invectives of the general satire, The Epitaph 
 on Donald Oivre, The Vision of the Dance of the Sevin Deidlie 
 Synnis. The last is one of the best examples of Dunbar's realism 
 and literary cunning in suiting the word and line to the sense. 
 Cambridge History of English Literature, vol. ii. p. 250. 
 
 Many admire the versatility of the man who could range 
 from the ornate imagery and polished diction of The Thrissill 
 and the Rots, and The Golden Targe, to the shrewd wit and 
 homely pathos of such poems as the Remonstrance to the King, 
 and The Petitioun of the Gray Horse. His Lament for the Makaris 
 is a masterpiece of pathos. It must in fairness be acknowledged 
 that Dunbar's pages are too often disfigured by a gratuitous gross- 
 ness of phraseology and ideas, unworthy of a churchman. No 
 doubt as he grew older he became more pious, and perhaps there 
 is no better specimen of Dunbar's metrical powers than what a 
 critic rightly calls " that superb piece of word-music and rhymal 
 ingenuity," the exquisite Ballad of Our Lady. Dunbar was em- 
 ployed by James IV. on various embassies to Paris and elsewhere. 
 His ambition was to obtain a benefice, a small country kirk 
 covered with heather. It was never given. His name disappears 
 altogether after the ruinous defeat of Flodden, and David Laing 
 conjectures that he may have fallen in the fight. 
 
 The works of at least twelve poets, enumerated in The Lament 
 for the Makaris, have almost entirely perished, while Dunbar him- 
 self is not mentioned by any early writer on Scottish literature. 
 His fame was restored by the publication of some of his poems in 
 the Evergreen by Allan Ramsay in 1724. During this period, 
 says David Laing, with one solitary exception, no mention of his 
 name can be discovered. 1 
 
 HENRY THE MINSTREL. 
 
 THE ACTIS AND DEIDIS OF SCHIR WILLIAM WALLACE. 
 [1508?] Chepman & Myllar. 
 
 1 See a careful article in The Month, by T. Elliot Ranken, 1904. 
 
30 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 THE ACTIS & DEIDIS OF THE ILLUSTER AND VAILZEANI> 
 
 CAMPIOUN, SCHIR WILLIAM WALLACE, KNIGHT OF ELLERSLIE. 
 Imprentit at Edinburgh be Robert Letpreuik at the expensis of 
 Henry Charteris ; and are to be sold in his Buith, on the North 
 syde of ye gait aboue the Throne. Anno Do. MDLXX. 
 
 If we except fragments of older editions, this is the earliest 
 edition of Blind Harry's work. It has passed through more 
 editions than any other Scots book before the times of Burns and 
 Scott. 
 
 Dr. Laing mentions the accidental discovery of twenty mutilated 
 leaves of an ancient and unknown edition of the Acts and Deeds 
 of Sir William Wallace which had been pasted together to stiffen 
 the boards of an old quarto, from a comparison of the old original 
 tracts contained in this volume, it appears that the work, if not 
 printed by Chepman, was at least executed with his type. That 
 many little treatises issued from his press, of which no trace can 
 be discovered, was long suspected, but that an edition of a work 
 as large as the Blind Minstrel's poem (about 280 pages in folio) 
 should have so completely disappeared as to leave no vestige of 
 its ever having passed through the press earlier than 1570 serves 
 to show how extensive the loss must have been which our national 
 literature sustained in the course of the sixteenth century. 
 
 Mackay's Introduction, S.T.S., p. xiii. Dickson & Edmond r 
 p. 240. 
 
 ANONYMOUS. 
 
 THE PORTEOUS OF NOBLENES. 4. Chepman & Myllar. 
 COMMENDATION OF THE TWELVE VIRTUES " IN ANE NOBILMAN." 
 
 Advocates' Library. 
 SIR EGLAMORE OF ARTOYS. 4. Chepman & Myllar. 1508. 
 
 Advocates' Library. 
 
 ULRIC IN PERSONAS. Chepman & Myllar. 
 Advocates' Library. 
 
 ELPHINSTON (WILLIAM), Bishop of Aberdeen. 
 
 BUKE OF GUDE COUNSALE TO THE KlNG. 4. 1508. 
 
 Chepman & Myllar. 
 
 Advocates' Library. 
 
 Written before the middle of the fifteenth century, and evidently 
 addressed to James II. at the time when he assumed the reins of 
 government. It was long supposed to have been the work of 
 Bishop Elphinston, and is so referred to by Dr. Laing. (Cf. 
 Dickson Edmond, Annals of Scottish Printing.} 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 31 
 
 BREVIARIUM ABERDONENSE. 2 vols. 8. Impensis Walter! 
 Chepman. By the Reverend Father in Christ, William Bishop of 
 Aberdeen, collected with special care and very great labour . . . 
 Printed in the town of Edinburgh by the command and at the 
 charges of the honourable Walter Chepman, merchant in the said 
 town, on the fourth day of June in the year of our Lord 1510. 
 
 Four copies have survived to our time ; all of these are defective. 
 
 There is an incomplete copy in the Advocates' Library, one in 
 the Library of the University of Edinburgh, another in the Library 
 of the University of Aberdeen, the fourth is in the Library of the 
 Earl of Strathmore at Glamis Castle. 
 
 The Aberdeen Breviary was reprinted in 1854 by James Toovey, 
 London. 
 
 Mr. David Laing states that the work was prepared and com- 
 pleted under the personal superintendence of Wm. Elphinston, 
 Bishop of Aberdeen. 
 
 It was printed at the expense of Chepman. We are left in 
 doubt as to the name of the printer. Walter Chepman, who was 
 Dean of Guild of Edinburgh, was a man of property, respectability, 
 and consideration. No inconsiderable portion of his wealth was 
 devoted to religious purposes. 
 
 In the last year of the reign of James IV. Chepman erected an 
 aisle on the south side of the Collegiate Church of St. Giles', 
 Edinburgh, and there endowed an altar for a priest to officiate and 
 pray for the salvation of the souls of the King and Queen, of 
 himself, his wife and also his former spouse, and other relations 
 (according to the usual forms of such endowments. 1513. 
 R.M. Sigilli, p. 844). Scarcely three weeks had elapsed when 
 the sad tidings of the King's fate at Flodden reached Edinburgh. 
 
 " Fifteen years later, towards the close of his own life, Chepman 
 exhibited a fresh instance of his attachment to the memory of his 
 old master. Having endowed a mortuary chapel in the lower 
 part of the cemetery of St. Giles' Church on the I2th of August, 
 which was confirmed under the Great Seal on the i6th of 
 September, 1528, the priest was enjoined to offer prayers, as 
 usual, not only for the souls of the reigning King, for the founder 
 and his wife, Agnes Cockburne, and for Margaret Kerkettle or 
 Carkettle, his former spouse, but especially for the repose of the 
 souls of the King, the nobles and his faithful subjects who were 
 slain at Flodden " (Poems of William Dunbar, edited by David 
 Laing. Supplement, pp. 294, 295). 
 
 A nephew of Chepman named John Chepman imitated the 
 works of piety of his uncle. In 1537 he granted an annuity of 
 thirty-one merks out of certain lands and tenements in Edinburgh 
 for the support of a chaplain at the altar of St. John, in the aisle 
 built and founded by his uncle. 
 
PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 CRAB (GILBERT DE), died c. 1522. 
 
 TRACTATUS TERMINORUM MORALIUM ... a Magistro Gilberto 
 Crab in lucem editus, toti philosophise praevius actuum atque 
 habituum texturam clare enodans cum contentorum indice feliciter 
 incipit. Parisiis (s.d.). 8. Sign. A.D. [1500?] 
 Bibl. Nationale ; Signet Library. 
 
 COMMENTARIUS ARiSTOTELis et Textus ethicorum ad Nyco- 
 machum. Parisiis, 1509. 4. 308 ff. 
 Bibl. Nationale, Reserve -307. 
 
 COMMENTARIUS in lib. Aristotelis de Convenientia Politicae et 
 economics . . . du Boullay, v. p. 875. Paris, Jean Petit. 
 Sevilla, Columbine Library Cat, No. 1294. 
 
 TRACTATUS NOTITIARUM. Paris, n.d. 
 
 Paris, Library of the University ; Edinburgh, Signet Library, 
 103 k. 
 
 QUESTIONES (ECONOMICS a vico Straminis disputatae. See du 
 Boullay, v. p. 875. 
 
 Gilbert Crab, sub-dean of Clare, near Bordeaux (c. 1522). 
 His name is associated with the Crabstone and Craibstone Street 
 in Aberdeen, his native city. He came from a Flemish stock 
 settled in Aberdeen since the days of Robert Bruce. He was 
 M.A. of the University of Paris in 1503, and Regent of the Bur- 
 gundian College there. He died at Bordeaux in 1522, a member 
 of the Carmelite order. 
 
 See Musa Aberdonensis, p. xx, and Scottish Notes and Queries, 
 x. 3. vii. 10 ; du Boullay, Hist, de VUniversite de Paris, vol. v. 
 p. 875, vol. vi. p. 935. Possevinus & Spottiswood. 
 
 CRANSTON (DAVID), Doctor of Sorbonne. 
 
 POSITIONES PHYSTCALES magistri dauid Craston. Paris, s.a. 8. 
 Edinburgh University ; Aberdeen University. 
 
 TRACTATUS INSOLUBILIUM ET OBLIGATIONUM magistri Davidis 
 Cranston de novo recognitus et Correctus per magistrum Guiller- 
 mum Mandreston et magistrum Anthoniurn Silvestri, ejus dis- 
 cipulos. Parisiis, circa 1512, fol. 
 
WILLIAM ELPHINSTON, BISHOP OF ABERDEEN. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 33 
 
 DE IMMATURA nostri Davidis Cranston Scoti morte . . . carmen 
 elegiacum. 
 
 Paris, Bibl. Nationale, Reserve 67 1 (4). 
 
 Another edition, 1522. 
 
 Sevilla, Columbine Library. 
 
 QUESTIONES MORALES M. Martini magistri [Le Maistre] . . . de 
 fortitudine novissime . . . limate adiecta tabula alphabetico ordine 
 contexta per David Cranston . . . Impressum parisiisper Guillerm. 
 Anabat. Quaestiones additae in librum de Fortitudine Magistri 
 Martini de magistris per Dauidem Cranston Scotum in theologia 
 baccalaureum . . . Paris, 1510, fol. 
 
 Bibl. Nationale, Reserve ; British Museum ; Bodleian, Oxford ; 
 Cambridge University. 
 
 MARTINI MAGISTRI QUESTIONES- MORALES de Fortitudine 
 adjecta Tabula alphabetica per D. Cranston. Paris, J. Petit, s.a., 
 fol. Qusestiones additae . . . per D. Cranston. J. Petit, s.a. 
 
 Catalogue of Dr. Laing's Library, No. 2359. 
 
 MORALIA ACUTISSIMI ET CLARISSIMI DOCTORIS . . . Jacobi 
 
 Almain cu additionibus eiusdem et David Cranston Scoti non 
 ante hac impressis. Venundantur Parrkisiis ab Claudio Chevallo 
 s.a. . . . Paris, 1520, 1524, 1525, 1526. 8. 
 
 Bibl. Nationale ; St. Andrews University. 
 
 AUREA . . . Jacobi Almain opuscula, omnibus theologis per- 
 quam utilia, cum additionibus Davidis Cranston, ex recensione 
 Vincentii Poesmier. Parisiis, per Egidium Gourmont, 1517, fol. 
 Panzer, viii. 41. 
 
 Another edition. Parisiis, 1518. 
 Bibl. Nationale. 
 
 MORALIA ACUTISSIMI THEOL. PROF. M. JACOBI ALMAIN SENO- 
 NENSIS, cum additionibus M. David Cranston Scoti . . . Parisiis 
 
 Cambridge University. 
 
34 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 ACUTISSIMI VIRI JACOBI ALMAIN MORALIA quae vocat cu ipsius 
 authoris et D. Cranston additionibus . . . adjectus est et libellus de 
 authoritate ecclesise contra Thomam de vio . . . J. Petit. Parisiis, 
 1526, 8. 
 
 British Museum ; Oxford, Bodley. 
 
 David Cranston was educated in Paris at the College of Mon- 
 taigu among the poor scholars under John Major. He subse- 
 quently became regent and professor of belles lettres in the College. 
 He became bachelor of theology in 1519, and afterwards doctor 
 of Sorbonne. David Cranston left everything he possessed to the 
 poor scholars of Montaigu, and is considered one of the founders 
 of the College. 
 
 See Necrologium Collegii Scotorum MS. (Blairs College). 
 
 CRASTON (JOANNES). 
 
 VOCABULARIUM LrATINO-GRjECUM and VOCABULARIUM GR^ECO- 
 
 LATINUM. Impressum per Dyonysium de Bolonia, die x mensis 
 Decembris MCCCCLXXXIII. 
 Columbine Library, Sevilla. 
 
 CAUBRAITH (ROBERT). 
 
 QUADRIPERTITUM IN opposiTiONES, Convcrsiones Hypotheticas 
 et Modales magistri Roberti Caubraith omnem ferme difficultatem 
 dialecticam enodans, ex off. Ascensiana, 1511, fol. 
 Oxford, Bodleian Library. 
 
 QUADRUPARTITUM IN OPPOSITIONES . . . diligcntcr recognitum 
 et labeculis tersum. Vsenundantur Parrhisiis in sedibus lodoci 
 Badii et Emundi Fabri. 1516, fol. A la fin: Ex officina 
 Ascensiana rursus ad Nonas Octobris, MDXVL, fol. 
 Glasgow University ; Paris, Mazarin Library, 3597. 
 
 About this time, observes Mr. Dickson, 1 there is a gap in the 
 succession of Scottish printers, and we are led to infer that the 
 printing materials were either sold or laid aside, from the fact that 
 during the last fifteen years of Chepman's life all the works of 
 learned Scotsmen at home and abroad were printed on the 
 Continent. 
 
 1 Annals of Scottish Printing, by R. Dickson and P. J. Edmond, 1890, 
 p. 99. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 35 
 
 M'GREGOR (SiR JAMES). 
 
 THE DEAN OF LISMORE'S BOOK. A selection of Ancient 
 Gaelic Poetry from a Manuscript Collection made by Sir James 
 M'Gregor, Dean of Lismore, in the beginning of the sixteenth 
 century. Edited, with a translation and notes, by William Forbes 
 Skene. Edinburgh, 1862. 
 
 James M'Gregor appears as a notary public, an office then 
 held by ecclesiastics, in the year 1511, and he early attained to 
 honour and influence, for in 1514 we find him Dean of Lismore, 1 
 an island in Argyllshire, which was at that time the episcopal see 
 of the bishops of Argyll. He died in 1551, and was buried in the 
 choir of the old church of Inchadin. 
 
 In 1512 James M'Gregor endeavoured to rescue from oblivion 
 the oral literature of the Highlands by transcribing such poems he 
 could collect ; he wrote them down in a phonetic spelling which 
 has rendered his collection valuable as indicating the pronuncia- 
 tion of the language at the time and the degree of divergence 
 between the spoken dialects and the standard Irish. 2 
 
 A few years ago Mr. Alexander Carmichael embodied in two 
 splendid volumes (Carmina Gadelicd) z the labour of forty years 
 spent in collecting orally more than two hundred specimens of 
 the traditional hymns of the people of the Highlands and Western 
 Isles. 
 
 These Carmina are given in their original Gaelic, accompanied 
 by a translation. All are deeply religious in character, consisting 
 of invocations of the Blessed Trinity, Our Blessed Lord, His 
 Mother, and the saints in all the circumstances in daily life. It is 
 remarkable how constantly the thought of Mary runs through 
 almost all, even when the context may not seem to suggest it. 
 
 Examples alone can give an adequate idea of the devotional 
 beauty of these poetic songs, some of them dating from the eighth 
 century. 
 
 There are invocations of our Lady at the kindling of the fire, 
 there are prayers before fishing or the chase, and before travelling. 
 
 There are songs for reaping, grinding corn, milking the cow, 
 and other household duties. 
 
 M'Gregor : "An Ancient Gaelic Treatise on the Symbolism of 
 the Eucharist," Transactions of Aberdeen Ecclesiastical Society, 
 No. xi. 1896. Aberdeen, 1898. 
 
 1 Cosmo Innes, Origines Parochiales^ vol. ii. pt. i. p. 161. 
 
 2 Skene, Celtic Scotland, ii. p. 461. 
 
 3 Carmina Gadelica, by A. Carmichael. Constable, Edinburgh. See article 
 in the Month by Rev. M. Barrett, O.S.B. 
 
36 FEE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 JOANNES DE IRLANDIA, c. 1515, Rector of the 
 University of Paris, Doctor of Sorbonne, Rector 
 of Yarrow and quondam confessor to James IV. 
 
 OPERA THEOLOGICA MSS. 
 
 Preserved in the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh. 
 
 A long extract from John's writings stands first in the Asloan 
 MS., "On the Passioun," etc. 
 
 We have clues to his authorship of other vernacular treatises of 
 a semi-theological character which are not extant. The place of 
 his prose in the history of the Scottish language has been discussed 
 in c. iv. of the Cambridge ^History of English Literature, vol. ii. 
 p. 97. 
 
 John of Ireland excuses his Scots style because he was "thretty 
 3eris nurist in Fraunce, and in the noble study of Paris in latin 
 toung, and knew nocht the grat eloquens of Chauceir na colouris 
 that mon usis in this Inglis metir." 
 
 The text of the long Treatise on political wisdom and rule of 
 life for a prince, by John Ireland, rector of Yarrow and quondam 
 confessor to James IV., is preserved in the Advocates' Library. 
 
 Ferrerius has left us a short notice on John of Ireland : 
 " In literatorum numerus fuit unus insignis theologus 
 Joannes cognomento Irlandus natione Scotus, qui Parisiis inter 
 Sorbonicos doctores plurimum excellebat ... De eo cum 
 primum audivisset Rex non quievit donee honestissime condi- 
 tione invitatum in patria ad se revocasset. Quern quidem, ubi in 
 Scotiam rediisset non solum his literarum artibus ut antea fama 
 de illo vulgaverat praecellens, sed pietate quoque, moribus, et 
 concionandi ad populum mira dexteritate ornatissimus, humanis- 
 simus excepit, ac paulo post sacerdotio amplissimo donavit. 
 s.a. (147 1, James III.)." (Ferrerius, Scotorum Historic Appendix, 
 Parisiis, 1575, p. 390.) 
 
 LOKERT (GEORGE), Rector of the University of St. 
 Andrews. 
 
 SCRIPTUM IN MATERIA NOTiciARUM. Venundantur Parrhisiis 
 in vico sancti Jacobi sub intersignio diui Martini. 
 
 Colophon : Finit scriptura . . . Georgii Lokert ayrensis Scott. 
 Parrhisiis impressa opera Nicolai de pratis pro Dionysio Roce. 
 Anno 1514 die vero xxiv men' Novembris. (Finis) 1514. 8. 
 Advocates' Library ; Edinburgh University. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 37 
 
 SCRIPTUM IN MATERIA NOTiciARUM Georgii Lokert. Paris, 1 5 1 8, 8. 
 Signet Library. 
 
 AUREUS NOTITIARUM LiBELLUS. Caen, M. & G. Angier, s.a., 8. 
 
 See Leopold Delisle, De Vimprimerie d Caen. 
 George Lockhart, provost of the Collegiate Church of Crichton, 
 in Mid-Lothian, was professor of arts at the College of Montaigu in 
 Paris in 1516. There he must have been the contemporary of 
 Pierre Tempete, who died about 1530. Lockhart was rector of 
 the University of St. Andrews from 1521 to 1523. He died at 
 Glasgow on the 22nd of June, 1547. 
 
 SCRIPTUM IN MATERIA NOTITIARUM Georgii Lokert. Parisiis, 
 1520, 4. 
 
 QUESTIONES ET DECisiONES PHYSiCALES insignium virorum . . . 
 Alberti de Saxonia . . . Paris, 1518. 
 British Museum. 
 
 TRACTATUS EXPONIBILIUM . . . Georgii Lokert Scoti et artium 
 et sacrae paginae professoris accutissimi. Parisiis, 1522, 4. 
 Edinburgh University. 
 
 DE OPPOSITIONIBUS. Parisiis, 1523, 4. 
 Dedicated to James Henryson. 
 
 TERMINI MAGISTRI G. LOKERT. Parisiis (c. 1523), 4. 
 
 SILLOGISMI GEORGII LOKERT Sacrae Theologiae professoris. 
 Paris, 1527. 
 
 Edinburgh University. 
 
 MYLN (ALEXANDER), c. 1474-1548. 
 
 VIT.E DUNKELDENSIS ECCLESLE EpiscoPORUM, a prima sedis 
 fundatione ad annum MDXV, ab Alexandro Myln ejusdem 
 Ecclesiae canonico conscriptae. Editio altera cui accedit Appendix 
 cum hominum et locorum indice. Edinburgi, 1831, 4. 
 
 Bannatyne Club. 
 
 REGISTRUM ABBACI^E CAMBUSKENNETH. 
 Grampian Club. 
 
 Alexander Myln was educated at St. Andrews, where he 
 graduated in 1494. Having taken orders, he became first a 
 canon of the Cathedral of Aberdeen and afterwards rector of 
 Lundie. He built the bridge of Dunkeld, and was appointed 
 
38 FEE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 Master Mason to James V. His accounts are preserved in the 
 Advocates' Library, Edinburgh. About the year 1515 Myln 
 wrote a history in Latin of the bishops of Dunkeld, which he 
 dedicated to Gavin Douglas. The work, says Sheriff Mackay, is 
 well written. In 1517 Leo X. appointed him abbot of Cambus- 
 kenneth. He made an agreement with the abbot of St. Victor 
 in Paris for the better education of novices both in arts and 
 theology, and enforced a strict observance of the rules. We are 
 told by one of the novices that Myln specially required the read- 
 ing of Scripture during dinner, frequently preached himself, and 
 gave the other monks an opportunity of preaching. 
 
 Myln went in 1524 on an embassy to the English Court to 
 treat of the marriage of James V. and Mary Tudor. When in 
 1532 the king instituted the Court of Session as the central and 
 supreme civil court of Scotland, it was arranged that the president 
 should be an ecclesiastic, partly because a large part of its revenues 
 was supplied by the Church, and partly because the clergy were 
 the only class at that time thoroughly trained in law. Myln pre- 
 sided over the court until his death in 1549, and his "capacity 
 for judicial office was shown by the careful rules of Court drawn 
 up by him and embodied in the first Act of Sederunt."'** 
 
 MANDERSTON (WILLIAM), Rector of the University of 
 Paris. 
 
 BlPARTITUM IN MORALI PHILOSOPHIA OPUSCULUM. Paris, 
 
 IS 1 ?. 4*- 
 
 Paris, Mazarin Library. 
 
 Another edition. Parrhisiis, 1518, 4. 
 
 Paris, Bibl. de 1'Universite ; Advocates' Library. 
 
 Another edition. Paris, s.a. 
 Cambridge University. 
 
 Another edition. Paris, 1523, 8. The volume contains the 
 following poems and letters : 
 
 Willelmi Graym, Scoti, de Fintre carmen ad juvenes ut morali- 
 bus incumbant. 
 
 1 Sheriff Mackay, Diet. Nat. Biography ; Ruddiman, Epistola Regum Scoto- 
 rum, ii. p. 72 ; Tytler, Life of Sir Thomas Craig ; cf. R. Myln, Master Masons, 
 Edinburgh, 1905. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 39 
 
 Gulielmus Manderston Jacobo Beton Sancti Andreas Archi- 
 presuli, 1523. 
 
 Robertus Gra. medicinae amator prasceptori suo Vilelmo Man- 
 dersto apolloniae artis professor! peritissimo. 
 
 Edinburgh University. 
 Another edition. Paris, 1526, 12. 
 Mazarin Library. 
 
 TRIPARTITUM EPITHOMA DOCTRINALE ET COMPENDIOSUM in 
 totius dialectices artis principia a Guillelmo Mandersto Scoto col- 
 lectu et secudo revisum cum multis additionibus necnon questione 
 de future contingent! insignitum. 
 
 Tripartitum epithoma 
 Principia communissima dyalectices 
 Tractatulus terminorum. Parua Logicalia 
 
 Quaestio de future contingenti. 
 s.l. n.d. 
 
 Verso. Guilelm' Manderston medices professor . . . Andreas 
 forma : Sancti Andreae archipraesuli ... Ex Lutetia Parisiorum. 
 Anno 1520. 14 Kal. Dec. 4. 
 
 Edinburgh, Advocates' Library. 
 
 TRIPARTITUM EPITHOMA DOCTRINALE ET COMPENDIOSUM 
 in totius Dyalectices artis principia a G. M. Scoto nuperrime 
 collectum. 
 
 Principia communissima dyalectices 
 Tripartitum epithoma 
 Tractatulus terminorum 
 Parva Logicalia. 
 
 Parisiis, 1520, 4. 
 
 Another edition. Cadomi, s.a., 8. 
 Bibl. Nationale, 9. 3184. 
 
 GULIELMI MANDERSTON COMPENDIOSA DIALECTICES EPITOME 
 ab authore recens emendata et ab innumeris quibus undique 
 scatebat mendis liberata. Item et ejusdem quaestio de future 
 contingenti. Parhisiis, 1528, 8, 143 ff. 
 
 Simon de Colins, Bibliographic p. 128 ; cf. Prantl, iv. p. 259. 
 
 DE VIRTUTIBUS in generali et de quatuor virtutibus cardinalibus 
 in speciali. Paris, 1520, 4. 
 
 Mazarin Library, 
 
40 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 DIALECTICA. Paris, 1528, 8. 
 Mazarin Library. 
 
 DAVIDIS CRANSTON, TRACTATUS DE INSOLUBILIUM ET OBLIGA- 
 TIONUM recognitus a G. Manderston. 
 
 Mazarin Library, ^j^- 
 
 William Manderston : 
 
 B.A., Glasgow University, 4 Nov. 1506. 
 Lee. in medic., Dec. 1523. 
 
 Rector Univers. S' Andreae, I 53- 
 
 Rector, Univers. Parisiens ; cf. du Boullay, vol. v. 
 
 ADAM L'ECOSSAIS, ou LE PREMONTRE. 
 
 LIBER BEAIVE Dei genitricis ecclesiae Praemonstratensis. Paris, 
 1518, fol. 
 
 Mazarin Library, 7070. 
 
 Another edition. Ed. by Gilles de Gourmont. 
 Mazarin Library, 2770. 
 
 The first book contains fourteen sermons on the Rules and 
 Customs of the Canons of the Order of " Pre'montre." 
 
 EXIMII ADAMI PRAEMONSTRATENSIS, Candidas casae in Scotia 
 Abbatis et Episcopi Opera omnia. Antwerpiae, 1659, in fol. 
 
 Cf. Migne's Latin Patrology, 1855, 4. 
 
 COMPASSIO BEAT/E MARIE. 8. [1520?] Mandate Karoli 
 Stule, John Story. 
 
 A sheet of eight small leaves bound up at the end of the Glamis 
 copy of the Breviarium Aberdonense. One copy known, n.d. 
 Probably printed about 1520. 
 
 The unique original establishes the fact that John Story printed 
 them in Edinburgh at the command of Charles Stule. We 
 really know nothing more (Robert Dickson's Annals of Scottish 
 Printing, p. 101). 
 
 The piece contains the office of Our Lady of Pity, or Compas- 
 sion of the Virgin. Along with this is the legend of the Advent 
 of the relics of St. Andrew, brought to Scotland in the third 
 century by St. Regulus, a Greek monk of Patrae, abridged in the 
 identical words of Bower (ibid. p. 100). 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 41 
 
 AD SERENISSIMUM SCOTORUM REGEM IACOBUM QUINTUM de 
 suscepto Regni Regimine a diis feliciter ominato strena. Im- 
 pressum Ediburgi (sic) apud Thomam Davidson. 
 
 Only one copy known. B.M. c. 4. g. 12. About the year 1528. 
 Reprinted by Beloe in his literary anecdotes. 
 
 MELVILLE (JAMES). 
 
 CERTAMEN cum Lutheranis, Saxoniae habitum, per Jacobum 
 Melvil Scotum. s.l. 1530. 
 
 See Miscellany of the Wodrow Society, vol. i. pp. 27-28. 
 
 BOECE (HECTOR), b. c. 1465, d. 1536. 
 
 HECTORIS BOETII, Murthlacensium et Aberdonensium Epis- 
 coporum Vitae. Parisiis, J. Badius, 1522. 
 
 Paris, Sainte-Genevieve; Aberdeen University; British Museum. 
 
 SCOTORUM HISTORIC a prima gentis origine, cum aliarum et 
 rerum et gentium illustratione non vulgari. Paris, J. Badius, 1526. 
 Paris, Arsenal ; Mazarin ; Aberdeen ; British Museum. 
 
 Second edition. Paris, 1574 and 1575. 
 Bibl. Nationale. 
 
 This is the completed edition, and the proper one for literary 
 purposes. 
 
 HlSTORIE AND CRONIKLIS OF SCOTLAND, fol. [1542] ? 
 
 Translated into excellent idiomatic Scots vernacular by Arch- 
 deacon Bellenden (Davidson). 
 
 British Museum ; University of Edinburgh. 
 Hector Boece or Boyce and Boethus, born at Dundee c. 1465, 
 d. 1536, was doctor of theology of the University of Paris and a 
 professor at the College of Montaigu, where he formed a lasting 
 friendship with Erasmus. Asa historian Boece has been severely 
 blamed for his credulity in matters of historical origin. 1 Dr. 
 Johnson says : " Boece may justly be considered and reverenced 
 as one of the revivers of elegant learning." Erasmus gave him a 
 public testimony of esteem by inscribing to him a catalogue of 
 his works. 
 
 His Lives of the Bishops of Mortlach (Aberdeen) displays his 
 talents to high advantage. His account of the excellent bishop 
 
 1 Bannatyne Club. 
 
42 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 Elphinstone leaves an extremely pleasing expression of his literary 
 powers and his command of Latin. 1 
 
 See Aberdeen Quater. Studies, Bibliography, p. 587. 
 
 " A metrical version of Boece's book identified as the work of 
 a William Stewart, a descendant of the Wolf of Badenoch, lay 
 dormant until it was resuscitated among the chronicles and 
 memorials issued by the Master of the Rolls. The editing of 
 the Buik of the Chroniklis of Scotland was one of the labours of 
 poor Turnbull." 2 
 
 VAUS QOHN), 1490-1538. 
 
 RUDIMENTA PUERORUM in artem grammaticam per Joannem 
 Vaus Scotum. Paris, Badius Ascensius, 1522. 
 
 Edinburgh, D. Laing's Library. 
 
 Probably the first book to pass through the press of Andro 
 Myllar at Edinburgh in 1508 was a Scoto-Latin Rudimenta by 
 John Vaus, of which only a single leaf has been preserved in the 
 University Library. 
 
 IN PRIMAM DOCTRINALIS ALEXANDRiNi de nominum ac 
 verborum declinationibus atq; formationibus partem, ab lodoco 
 Badio Ascensio recognitam, magistri Joannis Vaus, natione Scoti 
 et percelebris Abredonensium academiae grammatici commentarii 
 ab eodem Ascensio itidem recogniti atque impressi. Sub prelo 
 Ascensiano, ad idus martias M.D.XXII. 
 
 This volume contains three letters : 
 
 (a) lodocus Badius Ascensius, studiosis Abredonensis acade- 
 miae philosophis, salutem (i v). 
 
 (b) Joannes Vaus, artium bonarum professor studiosis 
 Abredonensium gymnasii, nuper feliciter instituti, scholasticis, 
 salutem . . . Ex inclyta Parrhisiorum Lutetia, salutiferi partus 
 xxn supra millesimum et quingentesimum mense februario 
 (fol. ). 
 
 (f) Robbertus Grae Aberdonensis Studiosae juventuti inibi 
 commoranti Salutem . . . Valete. Idibus februarii, ex collegio 
 Bonae Curiae anno 1522 (fol. 95 v et 96). 
 
 The only copy known is preserved in the library of Aberdeen 
 University. 
 
 X T. H. Millar, History oj Scottish Literature, p. 113. 
 2 John Hill Burton, The Scot Abroad, p. 242. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 43 
 
 The commentary on the first part of the Doctrinale of 
 Alexander Villedieu was followed by : 
 
 RUDIMENTA ASCENSIANA, cum prima parte Doctrinalis, dili- 
 genter recognita et explanata, cumque syntaxi pneitus per eundem 
 reposita et dictionariolo in primam partem addendo. Vaenun- 
 dantur Eadio, cum gratia et privilegio in quadriennium. Paris, 
 1523, 4- 
 
 Library of David Laing. 
 
 A second and revised edition of the Rudimenta was published 
 in 1531. 
 
 RUDIMENTA PUERORUM in artem grammaticam per loannem 
 Vaus Scotum : ex variis collecta : in quibus tres praecipui sunt 
 libelli. Primus de Octo partibus orationis fere ex Donate. 
 Secundus de earundem partium interpretatione lingua vernacula. 
 Tertius, de vulgari Scotis eruditione, continens in se quinque 
 capita. Primum, De Declinationibus nominum praemissa Latina- 
 rum Literaru diuisione pro sequentibus necessaria. Secundum, 
 De Formatione temporum omniu moderu. Tertium, De Con- 
 cordantiis grammaticalibus. Quartum, De Resolutione grammati- 
 cal!, breuissima de constructione oratoria, adiecta appendice. 
 Quintum, De Regimine omnium partium orationis in generali. 
 Quartus itidem lingua Scotica seorsum additur libellus, continens 
 Interrogatiunculas de exactiore nominu et verboru regimine, una 
 cum regulis, quae a pueris ob facilitatem aureae vocantur : prae- 
 missis etiam ad rem ipsam attinentibus nominu et verborum 
 divisionibus. 
 
 Colophon : Haec rudimenta Grammatices impressa sunt rursus 
 preli lodoci Badii Ascensii Scoticse linguae imperiti : proinde si 
 quid in ea erratum est, minus est mirandum. Finem autem acce- 
 perunt vin Calend. Nouemb. 1531. 
 
 This is a revised edition of the issue of 1522. These works by 
 Vaus are the first text-books printed for Aberdeen students. The 
 only copy of each now known is preserved in Aberdeen University 
 Library. See Scottish Notes and Queries, xii. 125. 
 
 John Vaus, Latinist, and the earliest writer on grammar, was 
 born at Aberdeen about 1 490. He appears to have studied at Paris. 1 
 
 1 See verses addressed by him to bis fellow-students in Lockhart's Materia 
 Noticiarum, Paris, 1514; Diet. Nat. Biography, W. Keith, Musa Aber- 
 donensis ; Scottish Notes and Queries, x. 100, xii. 98 ; Irvine's Scottish Writers > 
 vol. i. p. 5, note. 
 
44 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 The exact date of his appointment to King's College is not 
 known (c. 1516). The Town Council Registers record that in 
 1520 Sir John Waus, chaplain of the Altar of Jesus, in St. Nicholas, 
 became possessed of a tenement. 
 
 His works were published by Ascensius. Vaus paid a visit 
 to Paris in 1522 for the purpose of publishing a grammatical 
 work, and he speaks of his journey being attended with the 
 greatest risks by land and sea, and dangers from unscrupulous 
 pirates. 
 
 Boece, the Principal of the College, describes him as "... ad- 
 modum eruditus, sermone elegans, sententiis venustus, labore 
 invictus" By Ferrerius he is styled " darissimus vir, amcenissimo 
 ingenio, suavissimis moribus, ornatissimus, et de juventute Scotica 
 dene meritus" (Academical Dissertation. Printed at Paris, 
 
 *539>- 
 
 To Leopold Delisle we owe the following notice of John 
 Vaus: 
 
 "Ce grammairien, qui a enseigne les humanites de 1515 a 
 1537 aux ecoliers du College du Roy et de TUniversite d 'Aberdeen, 
 avait compose un commentaire sur la premiere partie du Doctrinal 
 d'Alexandre Villedieu ; Jean Vaus, apres avoir acheve la redaction, 
 probablement dans le cours de 1'annee 1521, resolut de le faire 
 imprimer pour le soustraire aux caprices et a Tincurie des copistes 
 ignorants, Jean Vaus nourrit alors 1'ambitieux projet de faire 
 imprimer son livre a Paris, ou il savait devoir trouver plusieurs de 
 ses compatriotes affilies a 1'Universite. II ne s'effraya pas des 
 dangers d ; une longue traversee a une epoque ou la mer etait 
 sillonnee en tous sens par des batiments de pirates. II debarqua 
 a Dieppe ; d'ou il se rendit a Paris. II fut acueilli dans cette ville 
 a bras ouverts par notre grand imprimeur Josse Bade, dont les 
 travaux ont exerce une si grande influence sur la reforme des 
 etudes en France au commencement du xvi e siecle. Josse Bade 
 avait une grande sympathie pour la jeune Universite d'Ecosse 
 qu'il considerait a bon droit comme une fille de TUniversite de 
 Paris. Apres avoir attentivement revu le commentaire de Jean 
 Vaus il s'empressa de le faire passer sous ses presses. L'edition 
 tout entiere dut etre expediee en Ecosse. On n'en connait plus 
 que 1'exemplaire conserve a Aberdeen" (Leopold Delisle, Josse 
 Bade et Jean Vaus, Paris, 1896). 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 45 
 
 DOUGLAS (GAWIN), Bishop of Dunkeld, b. 1474, 
 d. 1522. 
 
 THE PALICE OF HONOUR. 4. At the press of Thomas 
 Davidson (c. 1530). 
 
 According to David Laing. 
 
 THE PALIS OF HONOUR, etc. Imprinted at London in Fleet 
 Street, at the sign of the rose garland, by William Copland. God 
 save Queen Marie, n.d. (probably 1553). 
 
 HEIR BEGINNIS ANE TREATISE, callit the Palice of Honour, 
 compylit be Mr. Gawine Dowglas, Bishop of Dunkeld. Small 
 device by John Ross. Imprentit at Edinburgh be John Ross, for 
 Henrie Charteris, Anno 1579. 
 Advocates' Library. 
 
 DIALOGUS . . . inter Gavin Douglas, ecclesiae b. Egidii Eden- 
 burg, prefect, et M. Cranstonem in Joannes Major, in primum 
 Sentent. Paris, 1510 (fol. 2, 6). 
 British Museum. 
 
 THE xni. BUKES OF ENEADOS of the famose Poete Virgill. 
 Translated out of Latyne verses into Scottish metir, bi the 
 Reverend Father in God, Mayster Gawin Douglas, Bishop of 
 Dunkeld and unkil to the Erie of Angus. Every buke hauing hys 
 particular Prologe. Imprinted at London, 1553, by William 
 Copland. 
 
 The only collected edition is The Poetical Works of Gawin 
 Douglas, Bishop of Dunkeld, with Memoirs, Notes and Glossary 
 by John Small, M.A. 4 vols. Edinburgh, 1874. 
 
 Douglas was born c. 1474, and completed his early training in 
 1494, when he graduated at St. Andrews. 
 
 " Douglas shows himself a master of versification. He has a 
 fine sense. What is chiefly distinctive about the work is not its 
 poetry but its scholarship " (Ross, Hist, of Scottish Literature^ 
 
 P- 33i)- 
 
 " Douglas has the honour of the first metrical translation of a 
 Latin classic in Britain, although soon followed by others. Virgil 
 was the most popular of the classical writers, and before the end 
 of the sixteenth century his works had passed through ninety 
 editions. In the days of Douglas they were read by young and 
 old" (Mackintosh, Hist, of Civilisation in Scotland, p. 313). 
 
46 PRE-REFORMATTON SCHOLARS 
 
 " A critic of high consideration has recently said that no poet, 
 not even Dante himself, ever drank more deeply of the spirit of 
 Virgil than Gavin Douglas" {Cambridge Hist, of English 
 Literature, vol. ii. p. 258)- 
 
 Sir Walter Scott has said : "The genius of Dunbar and Gavin 
 Douglas is sufficient to illuminate whole centuries of ignorance." 
 
 To know the literary work of Douglas see the admirable 
 edition of his poems, with biography and preface, by John Small. 
 Also articles in the Scottish Church, March, 1886, and an article 
 by Mr. Andrew Lang in Wards Anthology. See also Dr. J. 
 Ross's Scottish Hist, of Literature to the Reformation. 
 
 JOHNSONE (JOHN). 
 
 AN CONFORTABLE EXHORTATION of our mooste holy Christen 
 faith And her frutes written (unto the Christen brethrene in Scot- 
 lande) after the poore Worde of God. " By John Johnsone an 
 humble professor of holy diuinite." Paris, 20 of January 1535-56, 
 printed by Peter Congeth. 8. 
 
 British Museum, C. 37. a. 28 (7). 
 
 BELLENDEN (JOHN), 1495. 
 
 . . . THE HYSTORIE AND CRONiKLis OF SCOTLAND . . . Translaitit 
 laitly be Maister Johne Bellenden, archdene of Murray, Chanon 
 of Ros. [MDXXXVI ?]. Tho. Davidson. 
 
 British Museum ; University of Edinburgh ; Ryland Library, 
 Manchester. 
 
 The title, in large black letter, stands out in bold relief over the 
 large engraving of the Royal Arms. 
 
 John Bellenden, "Archdene" of Murray, was born at Had- 
 dington about 1495. 1 1 S% ne matriculated at the University 
 of St. Andrews. Shortly after he went to Paris, where he took the 
 degree of Doctor of Divinity at the Sorbonne. Returning to 
 Scotland, he was attached to the establishment of James V. as 
 "clerk of his comptis." In 1530 and 1531 Bellenden was 
 appointed by the King to translate into Scottish vernacular 
 Boece's History, which had been published in Paris in 1526. 
 His translation constitutes the earliest specimen of Scottish 
 prose. 
 
 Bellenden's free translation contains many passages not to be 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 47 
 
 found in Boece, and, in some respects, may be considered almost 
 as original work. 
 
 Bellenden was also commanded by the King to translate Livy. 
 His translation was first published in 1822 by Maitland, Lord 
 Dundrennan. As to his poems, see the Hunterian Society. 
 
 The opposition which Bellenden presented to the overthrow 
 of the ancient Church brought him into such odium that he 
 retired from his country and died at Rome about the year 1550. 
 
 HAYUS (ARCHIBALDUS), d. c. 1547. 
 
 AD ILLUSTRISS. TIT. S. STEPHANI in Monte Caelio Cardina- 
 lem, D. Davidem Betoun, Primatem Scotiae, Archiepiscopum S. 
 Andreae, Episco. Meripocensem, de fselici accessione dignitatis 
 Cardinalitiae, gratulatorius panegyricus Archibald! Hayi. 
 
 Addictissimus Consobrinus Vester, Archibaldus Hayus. Pari- 
 siis, ex Monte Acuto, Calendis Augusti, 1539. R.C.V. 
 
 British Museum, 4902, e. 14 ; Advocates' Library. 
 
 HECUBA EURIPIDIS latine per Erasmum cum commentariis 
 Arch. Hayes. Paris, 1543, 4. 
 Mazarin Library, 10,461. 
 
 On the 29th June, 1546, Archibald Hay was presented to the 
 Principalship of St. Mary's College, St. Andrews. The Panegyricus 
 gives a sad picture of the abuses which disgraced the Church of 
 Scotland in 1 539. He judges it " to be intolerable that an entrance 
 to the Church lies open to all without selection, and that some of 
 the entrants bring with them utter ignorance, others a false pre- 
 tense of knowledge, some a mind corrupted by the greatest sins." 
 A. Hay died on the ist of October, 1547. 
 
 WILSON (FLORENCE), FLORENTIUS VOLUSENUS, c. 
 1504-47. 
 
 COMMENTATIO QiLEDAM THEOLOGiCA quae eadcm precatio 
 est . . . in Aphorismos dissecta. Lyons, 1539, 8. 
 
 Passages of Scripture turned into prayers. 
 
 It is so rare that his biographers were unable to see a copy, 
 and could only quote its title from the catalogue of the Library of 
 de Thou. There is a copy in the Mazarin Library. 
 
48 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 DE ANIMI TRANQUILLITATE DIALOGUS. Lugduni apud Seb. 
 Gryphium . . . MDXLIII. 4, 400 pages. 
 Mazarin Library. 
 
 Another edition. Lugduni Batavorum, 1637, 8. 
 Mazarin Library. 
 
 This work is an imaginary conversation held in a garden on the 
 heights of Fourvieres overlooking Lyons between the author and 
 two friends. Without being commonplace, it is full of sense, and 
 at once reasonable and Christian. It seems to have had consider- 
 able popularity, and brought to its author well-deserved fame 
 (R. C. Christie, Diet. Nat. Biography}. 
 
 Reprinted at Leyden, 1637, by David Echlin ; Hagae Comitis, 
 1642 ; Edinburgh, 1707 and 1751, ed. by G. Wishart. A brief life 
 is prefixed. 
 
 Four Latin poems which appear in De Animi Tranquillitate 
 are reprinted in the Delitice Poetarum Scotorum, 1637, ii. 539-44. 
 The longest of these poems is included in the " Epigrammatum 
 libri octo" of Ninian Paterson (Edinburgh, 1678, 8), with an 
 English translation by Paterson (Diet. Nat. Biography)} 
 
 Florence Wilson, or Volusenus, was born on the banks of the 
 river Lossie near Elgin. 2 He has left us a sketch of himself 3 and 
 his friend John Ogilvie, afterwards rector of Cruden, with whom 
 he was wont to stroll on the banks of the Lossie reading Horace 
 and discussing philosophy. Thomas Wilson 4 informs us that he 
 was educated at King's College. He proceeded from Aberdeen 
 to Paris, where he obtained a tutorship and also was engaged as 
 correspondent agent of Thomas Cromwell, giving information as 
 to political and social matters in Paris. 5 From passages in the 
 De Animi Tranquillitate we learn that Bishop Fisher was among 
 his friends. 
 
 About July, 1535, Cardinal du Bellay was sent by Francis I. 
 on an embassy to Rome. Wilson was to have accompanied him, 
 
 1 See Dictionary of Nat. Biography ; Irving's Life of Scottish Writers, i. 23 ; 
 Rampini, Scottish Review, xiv. ; Sadoleti Epistola ; Bannatyne Miscellany, 
 i. 327 ; Brewer and Gairdner's Letters and Papers. 
 
 2 P. Adamson's Poemata Sacra, London, 1619 ; Life of A. Melville, by M'Crie, 
 p. 79, n. 
 
 3 De Animi Tranquillitate, ed. 1571, p. 100. 
 
 4 Thomas Wilson, Advocate, St. Andrews, editor of P. Adamson's Poemata 
 Sacra. 
 
 5 Letters and Papers of Henry VIII., ed. Brewer and Gairdner ; Bannatyne 
 Miscellany, 1827, i. 231, etc. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 49 
 
 but a serious illness caused him to remain behind, and it was not 
 until September that he started for Italy, " to see if I can win my 
 living in some University there," as he wrote to a friend. 1 At 
 Lyons Wilson met Bonvisi, who praised Carpentras as a place 
 where Wilson might devote himself to the study of philosophy, 
 under the patronage of its learned bishop, Sadolet. On his way 
 thither he fell sick at Avignon, and his means were exhausted, 2 
 when he fortunately heard of a vacancy for a teacher at Carpentras. 
 He proceeded to that city. The poor traveller appeared late at 
 night in the bishop's library. 
 
 At first desirous only to get rid of his visitor, whom he assumed 
 to be a beggar or an adventurer, Sadolet soon became interested 
 in his conversation, and Wilson by his learning and by his Latinity 
 so engaged the attention of the bishop that he was at once secured 
 for the post at the yearly salary of one hundred gold pieces. 3 
 
 At Carpentras Wilson passed the remainder of his life. From 
 time to time he visited Paris and Lyons. There he issued his 
 book De Animi Tranquillitate from the press of Sebastian Gryphius. 
 Wilson discusses what is, what produces and retards, peace of 
 mind. The best edition is the Edinburgh reprint of 1751, with a 
 preface by Dr. John Ward. 
 
 In one of his poems, published in Musa Aberdomnsis, Wilson 
 deplores the troubles of his country : 
 
 Securi interea nos inter stringimus enses, 
 Et placet ut helium plus quam civile geratur. 
 Nee nos sacra movent communia, nee pudor ullus, 
 Non Scocise durae clades, et funera gentis, 
 Non temerata Dei templa, heu cultusque, sed omnis 
 Christi extinctus honos. 
 
 (Musa Aberdonensis, p. 455, Spalding Club.) 
 
 THE NEW ACTIS And Constitutionis of Parliament Maid Be 
 The Rycht Excellent Prince James The Fift. King of Scottis. 
 1540. Folio. Imprintit in Edinburgh be Thomas Davidson. 
 Only two copies known. Advocates' Library. 
 
 The title stands above a large woodcut of the Royal Arms of 
 Scotland. It displays the insignia of the newly instituted Order 
 of the Thistle. On the reverse of the twenty-seventh or last leaf 
 we find a very remarkable woodcut of the Crucifixion. 
 
 1 Ibid. ix. 131. ^Sadokti Epistola, 1760, ii. p. 363. 
 
 3 Ibid. ii. 315 ; Sadoleti Epistolc> Lugduni, 1554, lib. vi. ep. 3. 
 D 
 
50 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 Bishop Leslie held the office of judge, or Lord of Session. At 
 his suggestion Mary Queen of Scots appointed a commission to 
 revise and publish the laws of the kingdom, and his name appears 
 as co-editor of The Actis and Constitutiounis of the Realms of Scot- 
 land from the reign of James L 
 
 WAUCHOP (ROBERT), Doctor of Sorbonne (Vauchop 
 Roberti Schoti, Theologi Parisiensis, nunc Ingol- 
 stadii). 
 
 CONCLUSIONES DE SACROSANCTO MlSS^E sacrifitio et COm- 
 
 munione laica. Moguntise, MDXLIIII. 
 British Museum, 4324. bb. 5. 
 
 Robert Wauchop of Niddry, son of Gilbert Wauchop of 
 Niddry, studied at Paris, and though he had been blind from 
 birth, yet such were the natural powers of his mind and such his 
 industry that he distinguished himself highly during his collegiate 
 studies in the University of Paris. He was a Doctor of the Sor- 
 bonne. He was attached to the Diocese of St. Andrews, and 
 filled a chair of philosophy in that University. In 1539 the 
 administration in temporals and spirituals of the Archbishopric of 
 Armagh in Ireland was given him. His learning, piety and pru- 
 dence secured him the esteem of Paul III., and so highly did that 
 discriminating pontiff, as also his successor, Julius III., appreciate 
 his tact for business, that they sent him as their Legate a latere to 
 the Emperor of Germany and to the Court of France. He was 
 one of the Fathers of the Council of Trent, and, according to 
 George Con, wrote an account of it. Cf. Surius, Comment., p. 588, 
 and Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent, published by 
 Labbe, Paris, 1667 (Brady, Episcopal Succession in England, Scotland 
 and Ireland, i. p. 217; Waterworth, Council of Trent, p. 291). 
 
 ANONYMOUS. 
 
 COMPLAYNTE OF SCOTLAND, with ane Exortatione to the 
 three Estaitis, to be vigilant in the Deffens of their Public 
 Veil. [1549-] 
 
 Dr. Murray, Mr. Dickson and the experts in typography of the 
 British Museum are of opinion that the Complaynt was printed in 
 France [about the year 1 549]. 
 
 Few copies are known : one copy is in the British Museum, 
 c. 21. a ; one copy forms No. 5438 in the Grenville Library ; one 
 copy is in the Advocates' Library. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 51 
 
 Dr. Murray's opinion is that the author was a thorough partisan 
 of the French Alliance ; that he was a Churchman attached to 
 the Catholic faith ; that he was a native of the Southern, not 
 improbably of the Border counties. 1 The author is a patriot first, 
 a deadly foe of England, a preacher of the duty of imitating Bruce. 
 Much of the work is borrowed from the French of Alain Chartier. 
 The political reflections, however, are original and interest us. 
 The author attributes the afflictions which his countrymen ex- 
 perienced at that time to three main causes the inroads of the 
 English, pestilence and domestic dissension. The Scottish lords 
 who sell themselves for English gold are sternly denounced, and 
 even the clergy are exhorted to take the field against the cruel 
 invasion of that " unbelieving generation " led by a man bloodier 
 than Nero or Caligula. 
 
 STEVARTIUS (JOANNES), Rector of the University of 
 Paris, d. 6 May, 1581. 
 
 DE ADVENTU HENRICI VALESII, Lutetiam Parisiorum Oratio. 
 Parisiis, ex typ. Maub. Davidis, 1549, 4. 
 
 Rome, Barberini Library. 
 
 John Stuart (Glasguensis) was professor of philosophy in Paris. 
 He was President of the College de Montaigu (Du Breuil, Theatre 
 des AntiquiteS) pp. 680-681). "6 Maii 1581 obiit Joannes Stuart, 
 * Vice Rectorius (1550) hujus Collegii quondam Socius'" (Necro- 
 logium Colleg. Scotorum Parisicnsis). 
 
 COCKBURN (PATRICK). 
 
 ORATIO P. C. SCOTI, de Utilitate et excellentia Verbi Dei. 
 Parisiis, 1551, 8. 
 
 Advocates' Library. 
 
 DE VULGARI SACR^E SCRIPTURE PHRASI, libri duo : quoniam 
 prior de peccato in Spiritum Sanctum (quod alias ad mortem et 
 irremissibile vocant) tractati posterior vero difficillimos quosque 
 et obscurissimos utriusque instrument! locos, hactenus a multis 
 male intellectos, et pejus adhuc interpretatos, summa cum dili- 
 gentia et fidelitate explicat. Parisiis, 1552, 8. 
 
 Advocates' Library ; Bibl. Nationale, Paris. 
 
 1 Early English Text Society, 1872, ed. by Dr. Murray. 
 
52 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 Patrick Cockbum was a professor at St Andrews while John 
 Knoac was there, but remained loyal to the old faith. In 1555 he 
 published at St Andrews : 
 
 CocKBURKi (PATRICII) IN DOMINICAN ORATIONEM PIA 
 MKDITATIO. Quum Deum animus fidelis minim in modum exci- 
 tatur. In Civitate Sancti Andres, J. Scot, 1555, 12*. 
 
 Beyond a few ambiguous references to recent events in the 
 dedication to the Queen Regent (Marie de Guise), and the fact 
 of such dedication, there is little to show to which side he 
 belonged. He must have fled to France not long after the publi- 
 cation of the Pia Meditatw, as be died in Paris in 1559, having 
 previously 1 held a professorship of Oriental languages at the 
 University there (Bernard Quaritch, April, 1884). 
 
 IN SECUXD.C PARTIS CATKCHiSMi, quae est de symbolo apos- 
 totico et fidei articulis enarrarJonem de fide et justificatione 
 praefatkx London, 1561, in 4*. 
 BibL National*, Paris. 
 
 EDITIO SECUNDA. Accessit Appendix nova, et tabula ab ipso 
 auctore descripta, in gratiam studiosorum. Parish's, 1558, 8". 
 Paris, Mazarin Library, 23,314. 
 
 HAMILTON (JOHN), Abp. of St. Andrews. 
 
 ' THE CATECHISME,' that is to say, ane commone and Catholic 
 Instructioun of the Chrisrin People in materis of our Catholic 
 Faith and Religioun, set furth be ye maist Rev. Father in God 
 Johne, Archbishop of Sanct Androus, Legat nait and Primat of ye 
 Kirck of Scotland, in his Provincial Counsale, haldin at Edinburgh, 
 the xxvi Day of Jan. 1551. Prentit at Sanct Androus, at the 
 expenses of the Arbp. 1552. J. Scot 
 
 British Museum ; Advocates 3 and Signet Library, Edinburgh. 
 
 Of the original edition about a dozen copies are known to exist. 
 
 A facsimile reprint was published in 1882, with an introduction 
 by Professor A. F. Mitchell, D.D. An edition was issued in 1884 
 by the Clarendon Press, with preface by Mr. Gladstone, and 
 introduction by T. G. Law. 
 
 Archbishop Hamilton points to "certane faultis eschaipit be 
 negligence in the prenting of this buke." These corrections 
 occupy that page, aU the following, and ten lines of the last leaf. 
 
 1 Before 1555. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 53 
 
 He also mentions " vthir faultis, other committit be negligens as 
 thir afore colleckit, or be imperfection of the prent, the lettir nocht 
 beand fullily fillit with ynk or nocht set in euin & richt order, ane 
 gentil reider may esily persaif, and thairfor suld reid thame as weil 
 as he can in the best manner." 
 
 "The book itself is of the highest excellence in matter, com- 
 position and tone, and does very great honour to its author. It 
 is not controversial or interrogatory, though called Catechism, 
 but in homily form ; quotation of Scripture is very ample and apt, 
 always in Latin, but always accompanied by a pithy Scots render- 
 ing. The moral tone of the whole book and its devotional feeling 
 are praiseworthy in the highest degree, so that with the exception 
 of the part on the seven sacraments, the pendicle on prayers to 
 saints and for the dead, and a few other short passages, the book 
 is sound and edifying to this day to all healthy Christian minds" 
 (Principal Story, History of the Church of Scotland^ voL it. p. 417). 
 
 THE TWA-PENNY FAITH, etc. Black letter tract, four pages, 
 St. Andrews, J. Scott, 1559, 4. 
 
 Ane Godlie exhortatioun maid and sett furth be the maist 
 Revcrende Father in God Johane Archibishope of Sanctandrous, 
 Primate of Scotland, Legat, etc, With the auyse of the Prouinciale 
 counsale, haldin at Edinburgh the secund day of Marche, the 5eir 
 of God ane thousand fyve hundreth fifty aucht seiris, to all 
 Vicaris, Curatis, & vtheris consecrate Preistis lauchfull Ministers 
 of the Sacrament of the Altare to be red and shawin be thame to 
 the Christiane people, quhen ony ar to resave the said Blyssit 
 Sacrament, etc. Cum Privilegio Reginali. 
 
 On the last page is the following charge to the clergy : " Ye 
 Vicaris, Curatis, and vtheris Preistis, that are employit in the 
 ministration of the blyssit Sacrament of the Altare, witt 5e that 
 the Provinciale Counsale straitlye chargis 5ow, that 5e minister 
 the blyssit Sacrament mair Godlie, mair honestlie, and with 
 gretare reverence than 5e war wount to do, thole nocht 5our Par- 
 rochianaris to cum to this Blyssit Sacrament misordourlie. But 
 put thame in ordour be 5our ministeris before the Altare, and 
 requyre thame to heir 5ow reid the afore wryttin exhortatioun 
 without Noysse, or Din, and so to sit styll swa in devotioun, with 
 deuote hert and mynde, quhill thay be ordourlie seruit, of the saide 
 Blyssit Sacrament, etc . . ." 
 
 This little sheet was known as the " Twopenny Faith " from the 
 price at which it was sold. 
 
 A facsimile of the first edition from the only known copy was 
 printed in the Bannatyne Miscellany ', iii. 315. 
 
 The Catechism and Twopenny Faith were published together 
 in 1882 by the authority of the Church of Scotland. 
 
54 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 Of this last treatise no fragment was supposed to be extant, 
 but a copy was recently discovered by the Rev. George A. Griffin, 
 of New Abbey, in a volume of miscellaneous tracts belonging to 
 the Rev. H. Small, Catholic priest, Dumfries. 
 
 THE TWA-PENNY FAITH, 1559, with introductory notice by 
 Professor Mitchell, St. Andrews. Beautifully printed in black 
 letter, line for line with the original. Edinburgh, 1882. 
 
 THEMISTORIS QOANNIS), Scoti (viz. J. Dempster). 
 
 DIALOGUS DE ARGUMENTATIONS : ad Discipulos suos in 
 Nobili Academia Montana. Paris, 1554, 4. 
 David Laing's Library. 
 
 ELDER (JOHN), b. c. 1510, d. c. 1575. 
 
 To Robert Stuart, bishop of Caithness : 
 
 THE COPIE OF A LETTER sent into Scotlande of the arivall and 
 landynge and . . . marriage of ... Philippe, Prynce of Spaine to the 
 Pryncess Marye Quene of England, solemnisated in the citie of 
 Winchester, whereunto is added a brefe overture or openyng of 
 the legation of Cardinal Poole from the see Apostolyke of Rome, 
 with the substance of his oracyon to the King and Queenes 
 Majestic for the reconcilement of the realme of Englande to the 
 unitie of the Catholyke Churche. With the very copie also of the 
 supplycacion exhibited to their highnesses by the three Estates 
 assembled in the parliamente, wherein they have submitted them- 
 selves to the Popes Holynesse From the citie of London . . . the 
 first of January 1555. Without pagination. Black letter. 
 British Museum, c. 8. 6. 9. 
 
 LETTER TO KING HENRY VIII. A.D. 1543. 
 
 The letter itself has been printed in full in the Collectanea 
 de rebus Albanicis, vol. i. pp. 23-32. 
 
 LETTER OF JOHN ELDER to Secretary Paget. Newcastle, 
 6 Oct. 1545. 
 
 Gives an account of the operations of the army under the com- 
 mand of the Earl of Hertford, Sept. 1 545. See Cal. State Papers, 
 Scottish Series, i. 57. 
 
 John Elder, a member of the Collegiate Church at Dumbarton, 
 became tutor of the young Lord Darnley. He followed the 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 55 
 
 fortunes of the Earl of Lennox when he fled to England. That 
 John Elder was selected by the Bishop of Orkney as the teacher 
 of the boy abbot, Abbot Walter Reid, is no small testimony to his 
 capacity and worth. 1 
 
 The name of Jean Eldas, pretre ecossois geographe du Roi de 
 France in 1560, occurs in the Registers of the Chambre des 
 Comptes, Paris (see J. Van der Meulen, " Les Geographies du Roi, 
 etc.," Bulletin de la Sodet de Geographic d'Anvers, vol. i. 1878). 
 
 John Elder was a clever linguist, a good Latinist ; and as to 
 his English, he surpassed most of the natives of the south in the 
 clearness and pleasantness of his style. He had written also in 
 favour of the royal supremacy of Henry VIII. ; a popular 
 pamphlet, setting forth the advantages of the union of England 
 and Scotland a union into which King Henry was then en- 
 deavouring to coerce Scotland at the point of the sword. The 
 little treatise, which is well known to black-letter collectors, proves 
 John Elder to have been a man in advance of his time, in regard 
 to statistical wisdom the more remarkable, as the author claims 
 to be a Highlander. 
 
 John Elder signs himself John Redshank the appellation by 
 which the Highlanders were known in the South. 
 
 HENRYSON (EDWARD), 1510-1590. 
 
 PLUTARCHI, Commentarium Stoicorum Contrariorum, Eduardo 
 Henrysone interprete. Lyon, Rouilli, 1555; Leyden, 1555. 2. 
 Mazarin Library, 22,157 and 27,788. 
 
 A small volume with appendix containing emendations of 
 doubtful readings in the original text. 
 
 COMMENTATIO in Tit. x. libri secundi Institutionum de 
 testamentis ordinandis. Lutetiae, 1556. 8. (Meerman, Novus 
 Thesaurus juris civilis et canonic, iii. p. 343.) 
 
 PRO EG. BARONE adversus A. Goveanum de jurisdictione, 
 libri ii. (Meerman, Novus Thesaurus, iii. p. 447.) 
 Edinburgh, Advocates' Library. 
 
 THE ACTIS & CONSTITUTIONIS of the Realm of Scotland maid 
 in Parliaments haldin be the rycht excellent King James the 
 
 1 John Stuart, History of Culross, p. Ixviii. 
 
56 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 First, Secund, Thrid, Feird, Fyft, and in time of Marie now 
 Quene of Scottis, etc. [26 May, 1424-15 Dec., 1564. Ed. by 
 Edward Henryson], ff. clxxxii. R. Lekpreuik, Edinburgh, 1566. 
 British Museum, c. 15. 6. 11. 
 
 Edward Henryson, the antagonist of the great jurisconsult 
 Antony Govea, 1 and the translator of Plutarch, of Epictetus, and of 
 the Commentaries of Arrian, 2 studied Roman Law at the Uni- 
 versity of Bourges. In 1552 he returned to Scotland, and 
 appears to have practised for a short time as an advocate in 
 Edinburgh. He returned to the Continent, and was in 1554 
 elected professor of Roman Law in the University of Bourges. 
 He became afterwards one of the judges of the Commissary 
 Court of Edinburgh. 3 
 
 BASSENTIN (JACOBUS), Astronomer. 
 
 PARAPHRASE de 1' Astrolabe par Focard revue par Bassentin, 
 avec une amplification de 1'usage de 1'astrolabe par le meme. 
 Lyon, 1555, 8. 
 
 Mazarin Library ; Bibl. Nationale. 
 
 AMPLIFICATION de 1'usage de 1'astrolabe. Paris, 1558, 8*. 
 Mazarin Library. 
 
 ASTRONOMIA J. BASSENTINI, Colonise Allobrogum, 1599, fol. 
 
 Bibl. Nationale. 
 
 Cf. Lacroix du Maine, i. 890 ; Du Vardier, ii. p. 263. 
 
 ELDER (ADAM). 
 
 ADAMI SENIORIS, Scoti, monachi ordinis Cisterciensis, Monas- 
 terii Kynlossensis, ad reverendum in Christo Patrem ac Dominum 
 Robertum Reid, Orchadum Prsesulem, Strenae, sive Conciones 
 Capitulares. Parisiis, 1558. 
 
 Died in Paris in 1567. 
 
 Blairs College. 
 
 This copy formerly belonged to Thomas Innes. 
 
 1 Haile's Catalogue, pp. 7, 21. 
 
 2 Epictetus and Arrian were not published. 
 
 3 Life of Melville, ii. p. 144 ; Life of Craig, by Tytler, p. 269 ; George Con, 
 
 Prametia, in fine. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 57 
 
 KENNEDY (QuiNTiN), b. 1520, d. 22 Aug. 1564. 
 
 ANE COMPENDIUS TRACTIVE conforme to the Scripturis of 
 Almychtie God, ressoun, and authoritie, declaring the nerrest, and 
 onlie way, to establische the conscience of ane christiane man, in 
 all materis (quhilks are in debate concerning Faith and Religioun). 
 Set Furth Be Maister Quintine Kennedy, Commendatar of the 
 Abbay off Crosraguell, and dedicat to his derrest, and best 
 beluiffit Nepuo, Gilbert maister of Cassillis. In the jeir of God 
 Ane thousand fyve houndreth fifty aucht seris. [At the foot of 
 the page is the cut of Hercules and the Centaur.] A small 
 quarto of fifty-eight leaves. Black letter, 1558. 
 
 Only three copies known : Advocates' Library, H. 36, a. 17 ; St. 
 Mary's College, Blairs ; Library of the late Dr. Laing. 
 
 Reprinted in Miscellany of the Wodrow Society, 1844. 
 
 The Tractive was not answered till 1 563 by Principal Davidson, 
 of Glasgow, one of his old Parisian fellow-students. 
 
 " This work," says Mr. Hewison, " produced a profound impres- 
 sion on its publication." John Davidson, who controverted it, 
 declared that " mony persons were movit to continew still in their 
 auld superstitioun and idolatrie, who, otherwise, would have em- 
 braced the sincere and trew religioune of Christ befoir these 
 dayis gif it had been suppressit in its infancie " (Hewison, Scot. 
 Text Society, ii. p. 127). 
 
 ANE ORATIOUNE set furthe be Maister Quintin Kennedy, 
 Commendatour of Corsraguell, ye Zeir of Gode 1561. Printed 
 in 1812 for private circulation. 
 
 ANE ORATIONE in the year 1561. Printed by Sir Alexander 
 Boswell in 1812. 
 
 From a MS. in the Auchinleck Library. 
 
 It was chiefly intended to controvert "A notable syllogisme or 
 argument set forth ... by John Knox " (cf. Laing's Knox, vol. iii. 
 p. 29). 
 
 ANE FAMILIAR COMMUNE AND RESSONING anent the Misterie 
 of the Sacrifice of the Mess, betuix twa brethir, Maister Quentin 
 Kennedy, Commendator of Crossraguell, and James Kennedy of 
 [Uchterlour], 1561. 
 
 MS. in the Auchinleck Library, but somewhat mutilated. 
 
 From a more perfect copy Mr. Laing extracted the dedication 
 on account of its quaint satirical allusions to Knox and the other 
 reformers to whom it is addressed. It seems to have been this 
 unpublished work that drew forth an elaborate answer, with the 
 
58 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 title of " The confutation of the Abbote of CrossraguelFs Masse, 
 set furth by Maister George Hay. Imprinted at Edinburgh by 
 Robert Letpreuik, 1563." 4, 96 leaves. "This our Abbote," 
 says Hay, " hath continually barked from the beginning of this 
 mercifull visitation of our God and Reformatioun in Scotland." 
 (See Laing's Knox and Miscellany of the Wodrow Society). 
 
 Quintin Kennedy was born in 1520. He was the fourth son 
 of Gilbert, second Earl of Cassilis. As a younger son, intended 
 for the Church, he pursued his studies at St. Andrews, and his 
 name appears on the roll of St. Salvator's College in 1540. He 
 afterwards went to the University of Paris, where he studied 
 theology and civil and canon law. He obtained the abbacy of 
 Crossraguel, in Ayrshire, in the year 1549. 
 
 In 1558 he published the Compendium Tractive, on the 
 authority of the Church. The Tractive was not answered till 1563 
 by Principal Davidson of Glasgow. In March, 1559, Kennedy 
 challenged Willock at Ayr to a discussion on the Sacrifice of the 
 Mass, but Willock wavered on the subject of the Fathers, and 
 then acted unfairly in bringing with him 400 to 500 followers 
 instead of twelve, as agreed on. 1 
 
 The disputation between Abbot Quintin Kennedy and John 
 Knox began in the house of the Provost of Maybole on the 28th 
 of September, 1562, at 8a.m., with forty witnesses on each side, 
 and as many more as the house could hold. 
 
 The disputation lasted three days, 2 and turned mainly on the 
 sacrifice of the Mass and its maintenance. 
 
 By his influence the Mass was openly said and maintained in 
 the parishes adjoining Crossraguel after the establishment of the 
 Presbyterian religion. Consequently he among others was con- 
 demned by the first General Assembly as an idolater (Book of 
 Universal Kirk, p. 6) on 27th December, 1560. 
 
 Quintin died on the 22nd August, 1564. 
 
 HAIUS (JOHANNES), O.S.F. 
 
 HISTORIA PROVINCE SCOTLE ordinis Minorum. 
 
 Published by Wadding, Annal. Minor., 1559 : 
 
 "Joannes Hayus gente Scotus Regul. Observ. versus finem 
 
 saeculi xvi. scripsit, cum esset provinciae colonise minister, brevem 
 
 1 Hewison, Scot. Text Society, vol. ii. p. 127. See Bellesheim, Hist, of the 
 Catholic Church in Scotland, ii. p. 254. Wodrow, Miscellany, pp. 259-277. 
 
 2 Knox, Hist. vol. ii. p. 351. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 59 
 
 historian! provincise Scotiae ordinis Minorum Regul. Observat. ab 
 anno 1447 circiter, eamque anno 1586 dedit Generali sui ordinis 
 ministro . . . Francisco Gonzagae, teste Waddingo in annal. Min. 
 ad annum 1224 num. 42 ubi et ait earn MS. penes se habere. 
 Hanc vulgavit continuator Annal. Min. Waddingi to. 19. ad 
 annum 1559. num. 16 et seqq. quo ab haereticis provincia ilia 
 exterminate est expulsis fratribus." 
 
 WINZET (NlNIAN), 1518-1592. 
 
 CERTANE TRACTATIS for Reformation of Doctryne and 
 maneris, set furth at the desyre, ad in the name of y afflictit 
 Catholickis, of inferiour ordour of Clergie and Layit-men in Scot- 
 land, be Niniane Winzet, ane Catholike Preist borne in Renfrew. 
 U Quhilkis be name this leif turnit sail schcew. Murus aheneus, 
 sana conscientia. Edinburgi, 21 Maii, 1562. [John Scott.] 
 4, pp. 38. Black letter. 
 
 A copy is in the library of the University of Edinburgh, 
 Dd. 7. 57. A second copy is in the library belonging to the 
 Catholic Bishops in Scotland, and the third is in the library of 
 St. Mary's, Blairs College. 
 
 Reprinted for the Scottish Text Society by James King 
 Hewison, 1591. 
 
 Winzet specially directed three questions to Knox regarding his 
 vocation to the ministry, seeing, he says, that he had renounced 
 his ordination to the priesthood. Knox, says David Laing, 
 excepting a few remarks from the pulpit, declined answering 
 Winzet's letters, perhaps treating him in a somewhat supercilious 
 manner, although it was his intention to have published an 
 answer to these questions and tracts. Winzet found it necessary 
 to escape from Scotland in disguise, the magistrates having seized 
 the copies of his Tractates, and imprisoned the printer, apparently 
 interrupting the completion of his Last Blast of the Trumpet, in 
 July, 1562 (D. Laing, Knox, vi. p. 152). 
 
 THE LAST BLAST OF THE TROMPET Of Godis worde aganis the 
 usurpit auctoritie of Johne Knox and his Calviniane brether 
 intrudit Precheouris etc., Put furth to the Congregatioun of the 
 Protestantis in Scotlade, be Niniane Winzet, ane Catholik preist 
 borne in Renfrew : At the desyre and in the name of his afflictit 
 Catholike Brether of ye inferiour ordoure of Clergie, and laiemen. 
 " Vir impius procaciter obfirmat vultum suum : qui autem rectus 
 est, corrigit viam suam." Prouerb 21. Edinburgi ultimo Julii, 
 1562, 4. Black Letter. 
 
 The original is in the library of the University of Edinburgh. 
 
60 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 BUKE OF FOUR-SCOIR THREE QUESTIONS tueching doctrine, 
 ordour and maneris, proponit to the preacheouris of the Protestants 
 in Scotland, be the Catholiks of the inferior ordour of the clergie 
 and laytmen thair, cruelie afflictit and dispersit be persuasioun of 
 the saidis intrusit precheours. Set furth be Ninian Winzet, a 
 Catholik Preist, at the desyre of his faithful afflectit brethir, and 
 deliuerit to Johne Knox the xx of februar or thairby, in the 3ere 
 of the blissit birth of our Saiviour 1563. Antverpise, ex officina 
 Aegidii Diest, MDLXIIJ, xvii. Oct. 
 
 VINCENTIUS LIRINENSIS of the natioun of Gain's, for the 
 antiquitie and veritie of the Catholik fayth, aganis ye prophane 
 nouationis of all hereseis, a richt goldin buke writtin in Latin 
 about xi. c. 5eris passit, and neulie translatit in Scottis be Niniane 
 Winzet a Catholik Priest: "Ut sedificentur muri Jerusalem." 
 Ps. 50. Antverpiae, ex officina Aegidii Diest, i Decemb. 1563. 
 Ded. to the Maist Catholik, noble and gratious Souerane, Marie 
 Queen of Scottis, etc. 
 
 Edinburgh, Advocates' Library. 
 
 FLAGELLUM SECTARIORUM qui Religionis praetextu seditiones 
 jam in Caesarem, aut in alios orthodoxos Principes excitare 
 student ; quaerentes ineptissime quidem Deone magis, an Prin- 
 cipibus sit obediendum? Accessit Velitatio in Georg. Buch- 
 ananum circa Dialogum, quern scripsit De Jure Regni apud 
 Scotos. Niniano Winzeto S. Theologiae Doctore et ad Sancti 
 Jacobi apud Scotos Ratisponae Abbate, Autore. Ingolstadii ex 
 Officina Typographica Dividis Sartorii Anno MD.LXXXII. 
 
 2 vols. in i, 4, pp. 284. Index, fol. 5. Errata, I fol. 
 
 Signet Library, Edinburgh ; Rome, Barberini Library, G. iii. 100. 
 
 The Velitatio was written by Winzet in answer to the famous 
 Dialogue of Buchanan, Dejure regni apud Scotos^ 1579. 
 
 Winzet, referring to the Reformation in Scotland, says of Knox : 
 " Cruentus ille caedium rebellionumque minister, Joannes Knox." 
 He gibbets him as the chief cause of the misfortunes of Scotland : 
 " In Scotia cruentus quidam seditionum architextus et pestis 
 maxima." 
 
 Ninian Winzet was born at Renfrew in 1518. Educated at 
 the University of Glasgow, he was Master of Arts in 1539, and 
 was appointed master of the Grammar School at Linlithgow about 
 1552. He also acted as a notary, and was eventually promoted 
 to the provostry of the Collegiate Church of St. Michael's. The 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 61 
 
 arrival of Knox in 1559 moved Winzet to dispute face to face 
 with the new prophet. 
 
 His refusal to subscribe the new Confession led to a dispute 
 with John Spottiswood, superintendent of Lothian, and John 
 Kinloquhy, minister of Linlithgow, by whom he was ejected in 
 1561. Shortly after we find him at Queen Mary's Court. 
 
 " In Winzet we find a man of courage and of courtesy, who dared 
 to face Knox himself, putting questions which the Reformers did 
 not answer. On 1 5th February, 1562, Winzet asked Mary's leave to 
 propound certain articles to the preachers. Presently he conveyed 
 to Knox a tractate, 'Is John Knox a lawful Minister?' Other 
 unpleasant questions were asked. 1 Knox did not answer him, but 
 only preached a sermon. Winzet wanted a written answer, not 
 a sermon, and he invited the Magistrates to induce Knox to 
 answer his arguments in writing. 
 
 41 For all reply Knox gives only ' waste wind and sermons.' 
 The Magistrates did not induce Knox to answer. Winzet, there- 
 fore, began to print a treatise of some eighty-three controversial 
 questions. The Magistrates seized the book before it was printed, 
 and nearly caught Winzet, who slipped out of the printer's house 
 and escaped. 2 Winzet published his book at Antwerp in 
 December, 1563. It remains unanswered until this day." 3 
 
 A very interesting account of Winzet's career and works is given 
 by Dr. A. Bellesheim. 4 
 
 MACBEATH (JOHN). 
 
 REGIMEN SANITATIS. The Rule of Health. A Gaelic Medical 
 Manuscript of the Early Sixteenth Century, or perhaps older. 
 From the Vade Mecum of the famous Macbeaths, Physicians to 
 the Lords of the Isles and the Kings of Scotland for several 
 centuries. By H. Cameron Gillies, M.D., Glasgow. Printed for 
 the Author by Robert MacLehose & Co., Ltd., 1911. 
 
 From MSS. in the British Museum, the date of which, from 
 internal evidence, cannot possibly be later than 1 563. 
 
 These pages reproduce many aphorisms culled from the works 
 of Galen, Avicenna, and other great masters, together with John 
 M'Beath's comments and observations thereon all in the Gaelic 
 current in Argyll at that time {The Caledonian Medical Journal \ 
 Glasgow, July, 1911). 
 
 1 Knox, ii. 346-359. 2 Leslie, pp. 538-540. 
 
 3 A. Lang, Hist, of 'Scotland ', vol. ii. p. 89. 
 
 4 History of the Catholic Church in Scotland. 
 
62 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 HAY (EDMUND), S.J., b. c. 1549, d. 4th Nov. 1594. 
 
 EPISTOLA de statu scholarum S.J. in Gallia. In Historia 
 Universitatis Parisiensis, c.a. Bulaei, vol. vi. p. 588, and in Prat's 
 Maldonat et f Universitl de Paris au xvi e siecle, Paris, 1856, 8% 
 p. 6 1 6. It contains other letters of F. E. Hay. 
 Contrarietates Calving Hatton MSS. 
 
 A letter to Father Kessel, dated Paris, 2oth July, 1574, is printed, 
 pp. 692-3 of Rheimische Akten des Jesuit- Or dens, 1542-1582 (Jos. 
 Hansen, 1896). 
 
 Father Edmund Hay, of the family of the Earl of Errol, entered 
 the Society in Rome. He was then a Bachelor of Theology. On 
 the loth June, 1562, he accompanied to Scotland Nicolas de 
 Gouda, who was sent by Pope Pius V. on a secret embassy to 
 Mary Queen of Scots. 1 On his return to Rome he joined the 
 Society of Jesus. About the year 1565 he was appointed rector 
 of the Clermont College in Paris. While holding that office he 
 was ordered by Pope Pius V. in 1567 to accompany the Pope's 
 nuncio to Scotland on another special mission to the Queen of 
 Scots. But Hay alone penetrated into Scotland, and during his 
 stay there reconciled Francis, Earl of Errol, and many others to 
 the Catholic Church. He was appointed rector of the new Scots 
 College at Pont-a-Mousson, and assistant both for Germany and 
 France to Father General Aquavira. 
 
 His zeal and courage in serving the cause of Mary Queen of 
 Scots merited for him the honourable commendation of St. Pius V. 
 He died at Rome, 4th November, 1594. 
 
 BLACK WOOD (ADAM), 1539-1613, Rector of the 
 University of Paris, A.D. 1564-1 567.2 
 
 IN NOV.E RELIGIONIS ASSECLAS CARMEN INVECTIVUM : Adamo 
 Blackdovaeo (sic) Scoto, authore. Ejusdem varia Poetmata. 
 Parisiis, ex typogr. Ch. Richardi, 1563, 4. 
 
 Another edition. Paris, 1564, 4, 15 ff. (Memoires de la Societi 
 de FHistoire de Paris, vol. xviii. 1891, p. 94). 
 
 This rare volume is many years earlier than any other production 
 of his, and contains epigrams addressed to Mary Queen of Scots. 
 
 ^Narratives of Scottish Catholics, pp. 63 and 81. 
 
 * Mtmoires de la Socittg de V Histoirc de Paris, xviii. 1891, p. 94. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 63 
 
 DE CONJUNCTIONE RELIGIONIS ET IMPERII lib. 2 ... ad 
 
 Mariam Scotiae Reginam. Parisiis, 1575, 8. 
 
 Paris, 1644 ; Bibl. Nationale, E. 1552 ; Edinburgh, Advocates' 
 Library. 
 
 POMPA FUNEBRIS GASPARDI COLLIGN^EI. Parisiis, 1572, 8". 
 
 Catalogue Claudin, Oct. 1897 ; Brunet, i. 959. 
 This was written the very year of Colligny's death. It is very 
 rare. 
 
 CAROLI IX. POMPA FUNEBRIS versiculis expressa per A.B.J.C. 
 Paris, 1572, 1575. 
 
 Paris, Mazarin Library. 
 
 ADVERSUS GEORGII BUCHANANI DIALOGUM, de Jure Regni 
 apud Scotos, pro Regibus apologia, etc., secunda editio per aucto- 
 rem recognita, Multis partibus aucta et emendata. Parisiis, 1588, 
 small 8. 
 
 The first edition was published at Poitiers in 1581. 
 
 Other editions. 
 
 1587, Mazarin, 12 ; 1588, Mazarin, 52,089. 
 
 HlSTOIRE ET MARTYRE DE LA ROYNE D'ECOSSE, douairiere 
 
 de France, contenant les trahisons a elles faites par Elizabeth 
 Anglaise, par oil on cognoist les mensonges, calomnies et faulses 
 accusations envers cette bonne princesse innocente [par Adam 
 Black wood]. Avec un petit livre de sa mort. Paris, G. Bichon, 
 1589. 
 
 It was first printed at Paris in 1587, reprinted at Antwerp in 
 1588 and again in 1589, and is also included in Jebb's collection 
 (Auctores sedecini). 
 
 INAUGURATED JACOBI MAGN^E BRITANNIA REGIS. Paris, 1606. 
 
 SANCTARUM PRECATIONUM PRCX^MIA, seu mavis, Ejaculationes 
 Anima? ad Orandum se praeparantis. Aug. Pict. 1598. 
 
 Another edition. Poitiers, 1608, 8. 
 Mazarin Library, 23,916. 
 
 IN PSALMUM DAVIDIS quinquagesimum cujus initium est 
 Miserere mei Deus. Adami Blackvodaei, Meditatio Aug. Pict. 
 1608. 
 
64 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 VARII GENERIS POEMATA. Pictavis, 1609. 
 Mazarin Library, 21,586. 
 
 ADAMI BLACKVOD^I Opera Omnia. Parisiis, 1644, 4. 
 British Museum, 629. i. 5. 
 
 Adam Blackwood was born in the year 1539, and when about 
 seven years old lost his father, who died at the battle of Pinkie. 
 His mother did not long survive her loss. Adam and his brothers 
 were sent by their uncle, Bishop Reid, to the University of Paris, 
 where they enjoyed the tuition of Turnebus. 
 
 In 1558 Adam returned to Scotland, but owing to the religious 
 difficulties of the time went back to France, where through the 
 munificence of Queen Mary, then residing with her husband, the 
 Dauphin, at the Court of France, he was enabled to resume 
 the study of mathematics, philosophy, and Oriental languages. 
 Adam studied civil law for two years at Toulouse, thus fitting 
 himself for his future career. He was admitted as member of the 
 Parliament of Poitiers, and was made one of the judges of that 
 court. He then collected an extensive library and published 
 several works, of which the best known are his reply to Buchanan 
 and his Martyre de la Reine d'Ecosse. 
 
 During Queen Mary's captivity in England Blackwood paid 
 her frequent visits, and was untiring in his efforts to do her all 
 the service in his power. Queen Mary in a letter to Archbishop 
 Beaton [1576?] complains of the slackness in her service of the 
 secretaries of the French Ambassador, de Mauvissiere, adding: 
 " If, therefore, you could obtain that I should have a secretary 
 attached for my service, I should be very glad if Adam Blackwood 
 rather than another could be employed for this." 
 
 This never came about, but Blackwood not only visited the 
 Queen, but even saw her a short time before her death. 
 
 Shortly after (1587) he published his Martyre de la Reine 
 d'Ecosse, in which he writes of " Ce que j'ai veu et sceu." 
 
 By reading much at night Blackwood had so weakened his 
 eyes as to be unable to distinguish his own children at the distance 
 of two or three yards. His old friend, Archbishop Beaton, pre- 
 vailed upon him to read less and to betake himself to a custom 
 of nocturnal prayer. 
 
 Blackwood followed Archbishop Beaton's advice, and brought 
 out in 1598 the Sanctarum Precationum Pro<zmia. Lord Dufferin 
 and Ava possesses the autograph manuscript of the " Prayers " 
 
^3fc? 
 
 id 
 
 ADAMVS BLACVODAEVS 
 
 REGIS APVD PICTONES CONSILIARIV3. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 65 
 
 written on the fly-leaves at the beginning and end of a livre 
 d'heures given to Adam by Queen Mary. 1 He died in 1613, and 
 was buried in the Church of St. Porchaire at Poitiers. 
 
 His collected works in Latin and in French appeared at Paris 
 in 1644. The volume contains a portrait of Adam Blackwood by 
 Picard. 
 
 BISSET (PATRICK), Professor of Law at Bologna, 
 
 d. 1568. 
 OPERA OMNIA. Ven., 1565, 4. 
 
 LESLIE (JOHN), 1527-96. 
 
 ACTIS AND CONSTITUTIONIS of the Realme of Scotland from 
 
 the reign of James I. [Edinburgh, 1566-8.] 
 
 It was chiefly through Leslie's advice that in this year Mary, 
 Queen of Scots, appointed a commission to revise and publish the 
 Laws of Scotland. Leslie was co-editor of the Actis. 
 
 A DEFENCE of the honour of the right high, mightie and noble 
 princesse, Marie Queene of Scotland and dowager of France, with 
 a declaration as wel of her right, title and interest to the succession 
 of the Croune of England ; as that the regiment of women is con- 
 formable to the lawe of God and nature. Imprinted at London, 
 Fleet Strete, by Eusebius Dicseophyle, 1569, 8. 
 
 This work was almost immediately suppressed, and copies are 
 very rare. 
 
 Reprinted in 1571 under the title: A treatise concerning the 
 defence, etc., made by Morgan Philippes, B.D., anno 1570, Leodii 
 (Liege), apud Gualterium Morberium, I57I. 2 
 
 British Museum ; Advocates' Library, Edinburgh ; Anderson's 
 Collections, vol. i. 
 
 DE TITULO ET JURE Serenissimae Principis Marise Scotorum 
 Reginse. Rheims, 1580, 4. 
 
 In Jebb's Collections, i. p. 38. 
 
 An English translation was published in 1581 ; a French trans- 
 lation : Du Droict et Titre, etc., Rouen, 1587, 8. 
 
 1 The Hon. Mrs. Maxwell Scott, "A Faithful Servant of Mary Stuart," in 
 Chambers' s Journal, June 20, 1908. 
 
 2 According to James Maitland, the first part of this treatise was published 
 in French under the title : Sommaire du livre de Guillaume Stewart, augmented 
 par Andrt Mophat, et montrant toutes les rebellions Conimiscs par lefeu Comtt 
 de Morray. 
 
 E 
 
66 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 A DISCOURSE contenyinge a perfect Accompt given to the 
 most vertuous and excellent Princesse, Marie Queen of Scots and 
 her Nobility, by John Leslie, Bishop of Rosse, Ambassador for 
 her Highness toward the Queen of England; of his whole Pro- 
 ceedings from the time of his entrie in England, September 1568 
 to the 2oth March 1572. 
 
 It is dated from the prison called the " Bloody toure, within the 
 Toure of London, 26th March, 1572." 
 In Anderson's Collections, vol. iii. 
 
 IOANNIS LESL^EI SCOTI Episcopi Rossen. pro libertate impe- 
 tranda Oratio ad serenissimam Elizabetham Angliae Reginam. 
 Parisiis, 1574. 
 
 Bibl. Nationale, No. 230. 
 
 Written while Leslie was in the Towen It is reprinted in 
 Nichol's Progresses of Queen Elizabeth, vol. iii. 
 
 IOANNIS LESLJEI SCOTI, Episcopi Rossen. Libri duo quorum 
 uno, piae afflicti animi consolationes, divinaque remedia : altero, 
 animi tranquilli munimentum et conservatio continentur. Ad 
 serenissimam Principem D. Mariam Scotorum Reginam. Parisiis, 
 ex officina P. L'Huillier, 1574, p. 123. 
 
 Paris, Mazarin Library, 25,028 ; Advocates' Library, Edinburgh. 
 
 Written after he had received the letter and French verses from 
 the Queen ; it was sent to her on ist Oct., 1573. Leslie published 
 a French translation under the title : 
 
 LES DEVOTES CONSOLATIONS et divins remedes de 1'Esprit 
 afflige. Livre premier. Et le rempart et preservatif de 1'esprit 
 tranquille. Livre II. Par R. P. en Dieu, Messire Jean de Leslie, 
 Escossois, evesque de Rosse, etc. Rouen, 1590, small 12. 
 
 There is added : 
 
 Prieres convenables a tous vrays Chretiens estans en affliction, 
 durant le temps turbulent et calamiteux (see C te de Laferriere, 
 La Normandie a Fttranger, p. 251 ; Fr. Michel, Les Ecossais en 
 France, i. 146). 
 
 HISTORY OF SCOTLAND from the death of King James I. in 
 the year MCCCCXXXVI to the year M.DLXI. Published by 
 the Bannatyne Club in 1830. 
 
 This Scottish MS., presented to Queen Mary Stuart in 1571, 
 remained unpublished till 1830. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 67 
 
 DE ORIGINE, MORIBUS, ET REBUS Gestis Scotorum libri decem. 
 E quibus septem, ueterum Scotorum res in primis memorabiles 
 contractius, reliqui vero tres, posteriorum Regum ad nostra tem- 
 pora historiam, quae hucusque desiderabatur, fusius explicant. 
 Accessit noua et accurata Regionum et Insularum Scotiae, cum 
 vera ejusdem tabula topographica Descriptio. Authore Joanne 
 Leslaeo, Scoto, Episcopo Rossensi. Romae, in Aedibus populi 
 Romani, 1578, 4. 
 
 British Museum ; Advocates' Library, Edinburgh. 
 The earlier part of the work is an epitome of Major and Boece. 
 The description of the counties and islands is, however, founded 
 on independent observation and information. The latter portion, 
 extending from 1436 to 1562, is not a mere translation of the 
 Scottish version. The author has made various corrections, 
 additions and suppressions, and it "is of great value as a 
 Catholic account of the events with which the bishop was 
 himself acquainted." l 
 
 HISTORY OF SCOTLAND, ed. 1888 (a translation by D. Dal- 
 rymple, O.S.B., Scottish Text Society). 
 
 DE ILLUSTRIUM F/EMINARUM in repub. administranda, ac feren- 
 dis legibus authoritate, libellus . . . patrio primum, nunc verb latino 
 sermone in lucem editus. Rhemis, excud. loannes Fognaeus, 
 1580, 4. 
 
 Advocates' Library. 
 
 Samuel Jebb, De Vita . . . Maries autores sedecim. 
 
 DE TITULO ET JURE seremssimae Principis Mariae Scotorum 
 Reginae, quo regni Angliae successionem sibi juste vindicat, 
 libellus : simul et regum Angliae a Gulielmo duce Normandiae, qui 
 Conquestor dictus est, genealogiam et successionis seriem in 
 tabula descriptum : competitorum quoque a Lancastrensi et Ebora- 
 censi familiis descendentium historiam summatim complectens, 
 patrio primum, nunc vero latino sermone in lucem editus. 
 Accessit ad Anglos et Scotos ut qui temporis bellorumque injuria 
 iam diu distracti fuerunt, tandem aliquando animis consentiant, 
 et perpetua amicitia in unum coalescant paraenesis. Rhemis, 
 excud. loannes Fognaeus, 1580, 4. 
 
 Advocates' Library. 
 
 Samuel Jebb, De Vita . . . Maries. 
 
 1 Henderson, Diet. Nat. Biography. 
 
68 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 A TREATISE towching the right, title, and interest of the most 
 excellent Princesse Marie, Queene of Scotland, and of the most 
 noble King James, her graces sonne, to the succession of the 
 croune of England Wherein is contained as well a genealogie of 
 the competitors pretending title to the same croune : and a resolu- 
 tion of their objections. Compiled and published before in Latin, 
 and after in Englishe, by the right reverend father in God, I. Lesley, 
 byshop of Rosse. With an exhortatioun to the English and 
 Scottish nations for uniting of themselves in a true league of 
 amitie. n.p., 1584, 8. 
 
 Some of Leslie's MSS. are in the Bibl. Nationale, Latin MSS. 
 6729, 7872, 7873- 
 
 PARALIPOMENA ad historiam Scotiae. 
 
 A short narrative of events from 1561 to 1571, from the Vatican 
 Archives, Politicorum Variorum, vol. xvi. 297. 
 
 An English translation is published in Narratives of Scottish 
 Catholics, by W. Forbes Leith, ed. 1885, pp. 84-126. 
 
 The highest place among the Catholic writers of the period 
 undoubtedly belongs to John Leslie, Bishop of Ross, the friend, 
 adviser and most distinguished champion of Mary. 1 
 
 John Leslie was educated at Aberdeen, where he graduated 
 M.A. In 1549 he proceeded to Paris, studied at Poitiers, 
 Toulouse and Paris, and graduated as Doctor of Laws. He 
 returned to Scotland in April, 1554, became professor of canon 
 law in Aberdeen, was ordained in 1558 and appointed official of 
 the diocese. 
 
 He and other learned men of Aberdeen were summoned in 
 January, 1561, to a convention of the nobility in Edinburgh to 
 discuss points of faith against Knox and Willock. Leslie says 
 that he and the other doctors were some time detained in prison, 
 and were not set free till they gave sureties that they would 
 appear for trial when called upon. 2 
 
 Later in 1561 he brought Queen Mary home from France. 
 
 In 1565, on the death of Henry Sinclair, he was appointed to 
 the diocese of Ross. The Queen had already made him a mem- 
 ber of the Privy Council. He also held the office of judge, or 
 Lord of Session. At his suggestion the Queen appointed a com- 
 mission to revise and publish the laws of the kingdom, and his 
 
 1 Cambridge Hist, of English Literature, vol. iii. p. 154. 
 
 2 De origine, p. 574 ; Bannatyne Club ed. p. 293. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 69 
 
 name appears as co-editor of the Actis and Constitutiounis of the 
 Realme of Scotland from the reigne of fames I. 
 
 In 1568, after Mary's escape from Lochleven, Leslie joined her 
 at Bolton Castle. From this time he became Mary's commis- 
 sioner and confidential agent. He was imprisoned by Elizabeth 
 in 1572 for his share in the attempt to bring about the marriage 
 of Mary with the Duke of Norfolk. Towards the end of 1573 he 
 was liberated but banished the country, whereupon he retired to 
 the Netherlands. The news of the execution of Queen Mary 
 (1587) reached him at Brussels; and he retired to a monastery, 
 where he died 3ist May, 1596. 
 
 BLACK (JOHN), O.P., Second Master of St. Mary's 
 College. 1 
 
 DE REALI PR^ESENTIA Corporis Christi in Sacramento Altaris. 
 Lib. I. 
 
 ACTA COLLOQUII cum Willoxio symmista. Lib. I. 
 CONCIONES pijE. Lib. I. 
 
 MONITORIUM AD APOSTATAS. Lib. I. 
 
 Tanner, Bib. Brit.^ p. 104. 
 
 It was probably during the years 1547 to 1556 that Black 
 wrote some of his works. Chambers says of him : " Aberdoniae 
 plurima pietatis et doctrinae argumenta [exhibuit] " 2 a most 
 strenuous champion of the faith and also a man of the deepest 
 learning. 3 It is doubtful whether the works quoted by Tanner 
 were ever printed. They may have been circulated in manuscript. 
 
 Guzman de Silva, the Spanish ambassador in London, reports 
 to King Philip II. the affair of the double murder of Rizzio, 
 Queen Mary's secretary, and of Friar Black, her "confessor." He 
 also tells us that Queen Elizabeth had received a letter saying they 
 were killed at night. 4 Bedford and Randolph in their letters to 
 
 1 " Register of Presentations and Benefices," quoted by D. Laing, vol. i. 
 fol. 25. 
 
 2 Camerarius, De Scotorum fortitudine, Paris, 1631, p. 202. 
 
 3 Leslie, Deorigine, moribus, etc., Romse, 1578, p. 577. 
 
 4 Spanish State Papers, 1558-1567, ed. Hume. Cf. 23rd March, 1566. 
 
70 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 England a few days later both record the murder of Black. 1 
 Bedford says he was slain at the same time as Rizzio and " by like 
 order." 
 
 Father Black was always a staunch Catholic priest, and he 
 displayed the greatest zeal and energy in the cause of the ancient 
 faith. This is the reason why he was attacked and stoned, 
 cudgelled and stabbed ; why he was twice driven into exile ; why 
 he was finally murdered. 
 
 Father Black was a learned and subtle doctor, a man of deep 
 theological research. 2 Bishop Leslie says he was a most strenuous 
 champion of the faith, and also a man of the deepest learning. 3 
 Father Tyrie in his report on the state of Scotland to Pope 
 Clement VIII. 4 is of the same opinion. At the time of his death 
 he was styled by a Protestant Bishop, " Papistarum antesignanus." 5 
 His inexhaustible zeal and energy on behalf of the ancient faith 
 was his one offence. This it was that occasioned his violent 
 death. 
 
 GORDON QAMES), of Huntly, 1541-1621, Doctor of 
 Sorbonne. 
 
 DE PURO DEI VERBO. Viennse 1572. 
 
 Three volumes published in different places at different times : 
 
 JACOBI GORDONI HUNTUEI Scoti, e Societate lesu doctoris 
 Theologi Controversarum Epitomes, in qua de quaestionibus 
 theologicis hac nostra aetate controversis, breviter disputatur; 
 idque ex sacris praesertim literis. Tomus Primus. Quae hoc 
 Tomo continentur nona ab hac pagina indicabit. Augustoriti 
 Pictonum. Ex Praelo Antonii Mesnerii Regis et Academiae 
 Typographi, 1612, 4, 6ff. + pp. 3. 
 
 Bodleian ; Aberdeen University Library. 
 
 IN QUO DE AUGUSTISSIMO EUCHARISTS Sacramento contra 
 Calvinianos breviter disputatur. Paris, 1618, 4. 
 
 1 Bain, ii. p. 358. 
 
 2 James Grant, Old and New Edinburgh, vol. ii. p. 281 ; Memorials of 
 Edinburgh Castle, pp. 71-93. 
 
 3 De origine, moribus et rebus gestis Scot., Romse, 1578, p. 577. 
 
 4 Published in Memoirs of Mary, Queen of Scots, by Claude Nau ; ed. by 
 J. Stevenson, S.J., 1883, app. i. 
 
 5 Zurich Letters, Parker Society, 1842, p. 99. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 71 
 
 These two volumes were reprinted by John Kinchius, with a 
 third part, at Cologne, 1620, 8, under the title of: 
 
 CONTROVERSIARUM Christianas Fidei adversus hujus temporis 
 Haereticos Epitome. 
 
 This work led to the publication by Solomon Glassius of : 
 
 DICTA JEHOWE, Genesis cap. 3, v. 15 (semen tuum, etc.) a 
 J. Gordoni Huntlaei Jesuitae Scoti ^Avd/otcus et interpretamentis 
 vindicata, Jena, 1625. 
 
 A TREATISE concerning the Church Wherein It is shewed by 
 the Signs, Offices and Properties thereof that the Church of Rome 
 (and) Consequently such particular (churches as live in com- 
 munion) is the only true Church of Christ. Written in Latin by 
 the Rev. Father James Gordon Huntley of Scotland, Doctour of 
 Divinity of the Society of JESUS and translated into English by 
 I. L. of the same society. The third part of the same con- 
 troversy. M.D.C.XIV. 8. No place or printer's name. 
 British Museum. 
 
 A SUMMARY OF CONTROVERSIES wherein Are briefly treated 
 the cheefe questions of Divinity nowadayes in dispute betweene 
 Catholikes and Protestants, especially out of the Holy Scripture. 
 Written in Latin By the R. Father James Gordon Huntley of 
 Scotland, Doctour of Divinity of the Society of lesus. And trans- 
 lated into English by I. L. of the same society. The second 
 edition. MDCXVIII. 8. Without place or date. 
 
 R. P. JACOBI GORDONI HUNTLAEI Scoti e Societate Jesu. 
 Doctoris Theologi, Controversiarum epitomes, tomus primus : In 
 quo de questionibus theologicis hac nostra aetate controversis 
 breviter disputatur : idque ex sacris praesertim literis. Coloniae 
 Agrippinae. Apud Joannem Kinchivm, Anno M.DC.XX. 8. 
 
 In one vol. 
 
 Bodleian has vol. i. of this work, published at Poitiers, 1612. 
 Aberdeen University Library. 
 
 TREATISE of the unwritten Word of God, commonly called 
 Traditions. 1614, 8. 
 
 DISPUTATIONUM De Controversiis Christianae fidei adversus 
 hujus temporis haereticos, ex sacris praesertim literis, epitomes 
 tomus III. Auctore R. P. Jacobo Gordono Huntleo Scoto, 
 
72 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 Societatis Jesu, Doctore Theologiae ad S.DN. Paulum V. pont. 
 max. Coloniae Agrippinensium, Anno M.DC.XX. 8. 
 
 In one vol. 
 
 The three vols. are in the British Museum ; Aberdeen University. 
 
 Father James Gordon, son of the fourth Earl of Huntly, was 
 born in 1541, and entered the Society of Jesus in Rome in the 
 year 1563. After filling the highest offices in various colleges 
 throughout France, he was appointed Apostolic Nuncio for 
 Ireland and Prefect of the Scottish Mission. He was imprisoned 
 for the Catholic faith both in Scotland and in England. Upon 
 the death of his four elder brothers, the right to the titles and 
 estates of his father, the Earl of Huntly, devolved upon him. 
 Though the wily statesmen, then in power, requested him to avail 
 himself of his rights, they were determined that if he did so it 
 should be with'the sacrifice of his religion. The terrible engine of 
 civil excommunication was then in full force throughout Scotland, 
 and when a Catholic continued firm the sentence was passed, and 
 his property was at once confiscated by the Crown. 
 Father William Crichton wrote of him in 1585 : 
 " A man of great learning, he openly defeated his opponents in 
 the public discussions which were held. Father Gordon made his 
 appearance before King James and eight ministers. For two 
 whole months he remained beside the King, making every effort 
 for his conversion. He then went north. In 1593 he was forced 
 by the King to exile himself, but before going he entreated that 
 he might be allowed to engage in public disputation with the 
 Protestant doctors, and offered to surrender his very life were he 
 defeated in controversy, provided that if he prevailed liberty of 
 conscience should be granted to Catholics. Father Gordon quitted 
 the country with full prestige of victory. He died in Paris in 162 1, 
 aged eighty. 
 
 TYRIE (JAMES), 1543-1597. 
 
 THE REFUTATION of ane answer made be Shir lohne Knoxe 
 to ane letter, send be James Tyrie to his umquhile brother. Sett 
 furthe be James Tyrie. Parisiis apud Thomam brumerium in 
 clause brunello, sub Signo Olivae, dated at Paris the 8 of Marche, 
 
 1573, - 
 
 Edinburgh, Advocates' Library, H. 36. g ; Paris, National 
 Library, No. 236. A. 
 
JOHN LESLIE, BISHOP OF ROSS. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 73 
 
 The original letter of Tyrie which gave rise to the controversy 
 was dated " vi December," that is, apparently, December of 1567, 
 for the writer refers in it to your " invisible Kirk of Scotland but 
 yet aucht years auld." Knox wrote a reply, but set aside his 
 manuscript until shortly before his death in 1572, when he printed 
 it at St. Andrews under the title : " An answer to a letter of a 
 Jesuit named Tyrie, be John Knox." In this little treatise the 
 whole text is printed. It is followed by Knox's reply. Tyrie 
 immediately published a rejoinder, The refutation, etc., as above. 
 
 Smeton, in his reply to Archibald Hamilton's Dialogue, states 
 that answers to Father Tyrie's text-book were still unpublished in 
 the year 1579.* 
 
 John Hamilton, regent in the College of Navarre, in his Ane 
 Catholic and Facile Treatise, printed at Paris in 1581, observes 
 that " nether Knox nor any of his factione sen his dead dorst tak 
 in hand to writ ane answeir to Maister James Tyreis beuk concern- 
 ing the visibilitie of the Kirk." 
 
 DE ANTIQUITATE Christianas religionis aptid Scotos. Autore 
 Georgio Thomsono. Romae, 1594, 4. 
 Advocates' Library, Edinburgh. 
 
 Another edition. Duaci, 1593, 12. 
 
 Paris, National Library, No. 236. A ; Signet Library, Edinburgh. 
 
 This tract has been attributed to Father Tyrie as well as the 
 following manuscript : 
 
 Quo TEMPORE Scotia Religionem Christianam susceperit ac 
 quibus gradibus in haeresim sit delapsa deque praesente illius statu 
 in iis quae ad religionem spectant brevissima narratio. 
 
 Barberini Library, Rome, xxxii. vol. 210, fol. 222. 
 
 Another copy is preserved in Blairs College Library, Aberdeen. 
 
 Father Stevenson published an English translation of this 
 manuscript 2 and gave it this title : " Report upon the state of 
 Scotland during the reign of Queen Mary, written in A.D. 1594 and 
 sent to Pope Clement the eighth by the Jesuit Priests in Scotland" 
 (quoted in Memoirs of Mary Queen of Scots, by Claude Nau, ed. 
 by J. Stevenson, S.J., 1883, app. i. pp. 105-144). 
 
 The Blairs text commences with the " De Antiquitate Christianas 
 Religionis apud Scotos," and is endorsed on the back " Narratio 
 P. T. Rerum Scotia?." " P. T.," of course, may stand for " Pater 
 Tyrius," and a few words of George Con in his Premetix seem 
 to imply that " George Thomson " was a pseudonym. " Georgius 
 ille Tompsonus quis fuerit et quantus fuerit norunt Roma, Parisii, 
 
 KnoX) vi. p. 477. 2 Stevenson-Nau, pp. 105-144. 
 
74 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 et universa quae longe lateque patet Jesu societas." These words 
 point to some eminent man like Father Tyrie. 1 It may be added 
 that Father Tyrie certainly paid for the printing of the Douay 
 edition in I594- 2 Tradition also suggests that George Thompson 
 is a pseudonym. Ribadeneira in his Bibliotheca Scriptorum 
 Soc. Jesu, Sommervogel in the Bibliotheque de la Compagnie de 
 Jesus, Jocher in his Gelehrten-Lexicon, and other bibliographers 
 agree in assigning the treatise to Tyrie. 
 
 Tyrie was also one of the principal writers, if not the author, of 
 the celebrated Ratio atqtie institutio studiorum Soc. Jesu (edit, 
 princeps), Romae, 1586, 8. 
 
 CHRICHTON (GEORGE), 1555-1611. 
 
 ORATIO in felicem Serenissimi Polonise Regis inaugurationem 
 Congratulatio. Parisiis, 1573, 4. 
 
 A poem on the election of Henri de Valois, due d'Anjou. 
 
 SELECTIONES notae in Epigrammata e libro primo Graecae 
 Anthologiae decerpta et Latine carmine reddita. Paris, 1584, 4. 
 Mazarin Library. 
 
 DE LIBERATA Parisiorum urbe Gratulatio, cum aliis ejusdem 
 opusculis. Parisiis, 1589, 8. 
 
 LAUDATIO FUNEBRIS habita in exequiis Petri Ronsardi. Paris, 
 1586, 4. 
 
 Mazarin Library. 
 
 ORATIO de Apollinis Oraculis et de sacro Principis Oraculo, 
 habita Lutetiae in Auditorio Regio, cum in Lycophronis Cassan- 
 dram praefaretur. Parisiis, 1596. 
 
 Bibl. Nationale ; Dr. Laing's Library ; Edinburgh University. 
 
 1 MS. accounts of Douay College (Stonyhurst archives). 
 
 2 Father Tyrie, as professor of philosophy and theology, and as rector of 
 the College de Clermont in Paris, had acquired a European reputation for 
 learning and ability. According to Buchanan, in certain disputations held at 
 the Sorbonne, Tyrie had won the applause of a large concourse of distinguished 
 personages by his erudition, acuteness, and stupendous memory, and the 
 biographer adds: " Erat enim vir optimis naturae dolibus praeditus, omnibus 
 etiam melioribus disciplinis nobiliter excultus, integerrimse vitas, temperans, 
 modestus, humilis, mitis et mansuetus . . . theologicarum subtilitatum et pro- 
 fanarum literarum, scientia nobiliter instructus (Buchanan, De Scriptoribus 
 Scotis, Bannatyne Club). 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 75 
 
 DE SORTIBUS HOMERICIS oratio. Parisiis, 1597. 
 Bibl. Nationale, Paris. 
 See Niceron's Memoirs, vol. 37, p. 346. 
 
 IN OPPIANUM de Venatione, praefatio. Paris, 1598, 8. 
 Mazarin Library. 
 
 ORATIONES duae habitae in Auditorio regio anno 1608-1609, 8. 
 
 The following, all printed in Paris, are preserved in the 
 Mazarin Library : 
 
 ORATIO ad Becodianas suas. 1598, 4. 
 
 ORATIO habita comitiis academicis pro Johanne Hamiltonio, 
 Rectore designato. 8. 
 
 ORATIONES variae aliaque opuscula. 1602, 8. 
 STRENA ad Cardinalem Pelvaeum. 1593, 4. 
 
 JANUS CELTICUS ad Cardinalem Philippum Saga, in Gallis 
 legatum, versibus Graecis et Latinis. 1593, 4. 
 
 CATHEDRAE regiae Cameracensis querela, 8, Carmen. 
 
 AUGURIUM Romae visum pro sede Divi Ludovici anno 1600. 
 Ejusdem interpretatio. 1601, 4. 
 
 * ANAGRAMMATA in nuptias Henrici Babonii, Ducis Montis- 
 penserii et Henricae Catharinae Joyeuse. 1597, 4. 
 
 AcTioG. Crittonii professoris regni adversus tres juris pontificii 
 antecessores. 1597, 4. 
 
 George Chrichton was born in Scotland in 1555, and was 
 educated in Paris. He studied law at Toulouse for several 
 years, and for a short time practised at the Bar in Paris. His 
 friends persuaded him to accept the post of regent at the College 
 d'Harcourt. He was shortly after appointed professor of Greek 
 at the College de France, and was created Doctor of Canon Law. 
 He died in 1611. 
 
 CHEYNE (JAMES), Rector of the University of Paris, 
 d. 1602. 
 
 DE PRIORE Astronomiae parte seu de Sphaera Libri duo. 
 Douay, 1575, 8. 
 
 Paris, Bibl. Nationale. 
 
76 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 DE SPH^ER^E seu Globi caelestis Fabrica, brevis praeceptio. 
 Douay, 1575, 8; woodcuts, 3 vols. in i, 22 ff. 
 Paris, Bibl. Nationale. 
 
 ORATIONES rhetoricae. Douay, 1576, 8. 
 
 DE GEOGRAPHIA. Libri duo. Douay, 1576, 8; 3 parts in 
 
 1 vol. 
 
 Bibl. Nationale. 
 
 ANALYSIS in xiiii libros Aristotelis de prima seu divina philo- 
 sophia, 1577-78; 2 parts in i vol. 
 Bibl. Nationale. 
 
 SCHOUE DUTE sive Orationes ii. de perfecto Philosopho et de 
 Prsedictionibus Astrologorum. Duaci, typis Bogardi, 1577, 8; 
 
 2 parts in i vol. 
 
 Bibl. Nationale. 
 
 SUCCINCTA in Physiologiam Aristotelicam Analysis: ad illustris- 
 simam et serenissimam principem D. Mariam Scotiae Reginam, 
 Galliaeque Dotariam. Parisiis, 1580, 12, ii2ff. 
 
 Paris, Bibl. Nationale ; Rome, Vallicell. Library. 
 
 ANALYSIS et scholia in Arist. xiv. 11. de prima s. divina 
 philosophia. Ed. II. cum notis ed. J. R. Lavater. Hanov. 1615. 
 Cf. Tanner, Bibliotheca ; J. F. Foppens, Bibliotheca Belgica ; 
 Diet. Nat. Biography. 
 
 James Cheyne of Arnage, Aberdeenshire, M.A. of King's 
 College, studied theology in the University of Aberdeen, under 
 John Henderson, a famous theologian, with whom he withdrew to 
 France, and there in 1576 founded a seminary at Pont-a-Mousson 
 for the education of Scottish clergymen. 1 In one of her letters 
 Mary speaks of the new establishment, and describes it as 
 " Cheyne's Seminary " ; and then at once promises to contribute 
 to its support. 2 For some time James Cheyne taught philosophy 
 in the College of St. Barbe in Paris. He enjoyed a great reputa- 
 tion. 
 
 In 1602, according to manuscript notes in the handwriting 
 of Thomas Innes, Cheyne was " electus concorditer Rector 
 
 1 Letter of Archbishop Beaton to Queen Mary. 
 
 2 Original in cipher, Buckie MSS., now at Blairs College. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 77 
 
 Universitatis Parisiensis." l He died on the 27th October, 1602, 
 and was buried in the Cathedral of Tournai. 
 
 HAMILTON (ARCHIBALD). 
 
 DE CONFUSIONE Calvinianae sectae apud Scotos ecclesiae nomen 
 ridicule usurpantis, Dialogus. Parisiis, 1577, 8. 
 Dedicated to Mary Queen of Scots. 
 Paris, Mazarin Library ; British Museum, 1118. b. I. 
 
 In 1579 Thomas Smeton published a Latin reply to this work. 
 
 CALVINIAISLE CONFUSIONIS DEMONSTRATED, contra maledicam 
 ministrorum Scotias responsionem in duos divisa libros, quorum 
 prior : proprietatum verae ecclesiae evictionem ; posterior earum- 
 dem in hypothesi ad res subjectas applicatarum, contentionem 
 continet. Parisiis, 1581, 8. 
 
 British Museum, 847. g. q. I ; Edinburgh, Advocates' Library. 
 
 DE PHILOSOPHIA ARISTOTELICA. 
 Tanner's Bibliotheca, Lowndes. 
 
 Archibald Hamilton, born in the Diocese of Glasgow, was 
 brought up in the Protestant faith. He taught the youth at St. 
 Andrews, but never would enter the ministry nor accept of the 
 office of elder. After his conversion to the Catholic faith he 
 engaged in a public disputation with Knox, with whom he had 
 been intimately acquainted. He retired to France, taught in the 
 University of Paris, where he took his degree of Doctor of the 
 Sorbonne. He had been ordained priest a very short time before 
 the publication of his work Calviniance confusionis demonstratio, 
 Paris, 1581. In consequence of the civil wars in France in I582 2 
 he retired to Rome, where he was appointed one of the librarians 
 at the Vatican. He died at Rome in I593- 8 
 
 CHAMBERS (DAVID) or CAMERARIUS, ob. 1592. 
 
 HISTOIRE ABRGE de tous les roys de France, Angleterre et 
 Escosse par David Chambre, conseiller en la Cour de Parlement 
 a Edimbourg. Paris, 1579, 12. 
 
 The life of Queen Mary is to be found on verso 212 to recto 217. 
 
 1 W. Keith Leask, Musa Latina Aberdonensis, vol. iii. p. xxv. 
 * Roman Transcripts (R.O.), vol. iii. 1582, Nunciatura Francise. 
 3 Tanner's Bibliotheca. 
 
78 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 LA RECHERCHE des singularitez plus remarquables concernant 
 1'estat d'Escosse. Voue a tres-auguste et tres-clemente princesse 
 Marie Royne d'Escosse et douairiere de France. Paris, 1579. 
 
 Bibl. Nationale ; Advocates' Library, Edinburgh ; Signet 
 Library. 
 
 DISCOURS de la legitime succession des femmes aux possessions 
 de leurs parens, et du gouvernement des princesses aux empires 
 et royaumes. Paris, 1579. 
 
 David Chambers of Ormond, a Lord of Session in Queen 
 Mary's time, was a son of Andrew Chambers of Strichen. He 
 studied in France and Italy, and on his return to Scotland 
 became in 1565 a Senator of the College of Justice. 
 
 David Chambers was afterwards banished his country, came to 
 Paris in 1571, and published a history, in which there is much 
 relating to Scotland, mainly drawn from Boece, and testifying to 
 the existence of Veremundus (Innes, Critical Essay, p. 296). He 
 returned to Scotland in 1583, took his seat on the bench again in 
 1586, and died in 1592. 
 
 The works of this David Chambers of Ormond, published in 
 France, are to be carefully distinguished from those of David 
 Chambers of Fintray (cf. Innes, Critical Essay, p. 296). 
 
 CRICHTON (JAMES), The Admirable. 
 
 ORATIO J. Critonii Scoti pro Moderatorum Genuensis Reip. 
 electione coram senatu habita. Genuse, 1579, 4. 
 British Museum, G. 2006 (4). 
 
 IN APPULSU AD URBEM VENETAM de proprio statu J. Critonii 
 Scoti carmen ad Aldum Manuccium. Ex typographia Guerra 
 Venet. 1580, 4. 
 
 British Museum, C. 8. h. 18. 
 
 RELATIONS BELLA QUALITA di Jacome di Crettone fatta de 
 Aldo Manutio in Venezia MDLXXXII. 
 
 Contains an interchange of verses between Crichton and Ludo- 
 vicus Magius of Milan. 
 
 An ode by Crichton to Joannes Donatus appears in Aldus's 
 edition of Cicero's Cato Major (1581). An ode, dated ist June, 
 1581, to Lorenzo Massa, secretary to the Venetian Republic, is 
 appended by Aldus to his dedication to Massa, of his edition of 
 Cicero's Lalius (1581). Crichton's challenge to the learned men 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 79 
 
 of Padua is printed by Aldus in his dedication to Crichton of 
 Cicero's Paradoxa, and is dated June, 1581. 
 
 Two copies of the Gazette, or hand-bill, printed at Venice in 
 1580 at the press of the brothers Domenico, describing Crichton's 
 marvellous knowledge, are in the British Museum, and one is in 
 a show case. 1 
 
 James Crichton was born at Elliock (Dumfries) and educated 
 at St. Andrews, where Buchanan was his master. He left Scot- 
 land for the continent in 1577. After two years in the army of 
 Henry III. of France, Crichton proceeded to Italy. He arrived 
 in Genoa in a destitute condition, and delivered before the Senate 
 an elaborate Latin oration (1579). Early in the following year he 
 went to Venice, where he introduced himself to Aldus Manutius, 
 and challenged all scholars to learned disputations. 
 
 A letter addressed to Crichton by Speroni 2 contains much 
 information on the life and science of Crichton. Speroni 
 approves of Crichton's visit to that great patron of science and 
 literature, the Due of Mantua. Crichton's tragic death at 
 Mantua in July, 1583, is well known, and the date is attested by 
 many witnesses. 
 
 As to the publications signed by James Crichton which 
 appeared after that date, some critics observe that two Scotsmen, 
 both signing themselves James Crichton and related to each 
 other, were living in Italy in 1583. 
 
 A book of Latin poems, entitled Bernardini Baldini Lusus, 
 printed in 1586, contains some verses signed by James Crichton 
 "the surviver" " Jacobi Critoni superstitis ad Bernardinum Bal- 
 dinum." The author thanks Baldini for what he wrote on the 
 cruel death of his cousin. 
 
 Et quia Critoni claro mihi sanguine juncti 
 Funera acerba doles, carior ipse mihi es. 
 
 (Baldini's Poems, p. 49.) 
 
 HAY (JOHN), S.J., 1546-1607. 
 
 CERTAIN DEMANDES concerning the Christian Religion and 
 Discipline proposed to the Ministers of the new Pretended Kirk 
 of Scotlande, by Johne Hay, ane Clerke of the Societie of Jesus. 
 Paris, 1580, 8, pp. 104 (de Backer). 
 
 Reprinted for the Scottish Text Society in 1901, No. 45. 
 The edition in Scots is now so rare that the eminent book- 
 hunter, Hill Burton, confessed that he had not been able to trace 
 1 Diet. Nat. Biography. 2 Speroni's Opera omnia, Venez. 1740, p. 315. 
 
80 FEE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 a copy. " That there ever was one," he says, " is only known from 
 the title of the French translation" {Hist., ed. 1870, vii. 271). 
 It was translated into French by F. Coyssard. 
 
 JEAN HAY S.J. Demandes faictes aux ministres d'Ecosse 
 touchant la religion chrestienne par Maistre Jean Hay Escossois 
 de la Compagnie de Jesus, Professeur en Theologie aii College 
 et Universite de Tournon, reveues et de 1'Escossois mises en notre 
 langue Frangoise. Lyon, Jean Pillehotte, 1583, 16, pp. 183. 
 Avignon, Musee Calvet. 
 
 There is a German translation by Sebastian Werro, Freiburg, 
 1585 and 1586. 
 
 Replies to Hay's works were published : 
 
 Jacques Pineton wrote: L'esprit et Conscience Jesuitiques 
 (Nimes, 1584). 
 
 J. de Serres wrote : La Defense de la verite catholique (Nimes, 
 1586) and Reponse aux cinq premieres et principales demandes 
 de F. Jean Hay (Geneve, 1586). 
 
 John Hay answered : 
 
 JOANNIS HAII, Scoti, Societatis Jesu, Lyon, 1586, 8, in 
 Academia Turnonia Theologise Professoris, atque artium Decani, 
 Disputationum libri duo, in quibus calumniae et captiones 
 ministri Anonymi Nemausensis contra Assertiones Theologicas 
 et Philosophicas in eadem Academia Anno 1581 propositas, dis- 
 cutiuntur. Lugduni, apud Joannem Pillehotte, anno 1584, 4. 
 
 Bibl. Nationale, D. 5935 ', Amiens ; Avignon, Musee Calvet ; 
 St. Genevieve, Paris. 
 
 JEAN HAY S.J. La defense des Demandes proposees aux 
 ministres de Calvin touchant ses blasphemes et mensonges, 
 centre le libelle de Jaq. Pineton de Chambrun, predicant a 
 Nismes. Lyon, par Jean Pillehotte, 1586, 8. 
 
 L'ANTIMOINE AUX RESPONSES que Th. de Beze faict a trente- 
 sept Demandes de deux cents et six proposees aux ministres 
 d'Escosse. Tournon, 1588. 
 
 Hay entitled his work Antimoine because Beza had insultingly 
 called him a monk. 
 
 SIXTI SENENSIS BIBLIOTHECA SANCTA, ab auctore, antequam 
 ex humanis excederet, recognita et aucta, atque nova Chrono- 
 grafica Tabula, secundum temporum collationem, locupletata ; 
 
THE ADMIRABLE CRICHTON. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 81 
 
 nunc vero a Joanne Hay, Scoto, Soc. Jesu, plurimis in locis a 
 mendis expurgata atque Scholiis illustrata. Lugduni, Sybilla a 
 Porta, 1591, fol. ; Lugduni, Stephanus Servin, 1592, 1593, 1595. 
 
 A book which may be called the first of the Biblical Introduc- 
 tions, and one which critically was in advance of its time. 
 
 Ded. Guil. Chesholme Scoto, Carthus. Prior. 
 
 Father J. Hay translated into Latin from Italian : 
 DE REBUS JAPONICIS, Indicis, et Peruvianis Epistolse recen- 
 siores. Antwerpise, 1605, 8. 
 
 The following work is ascribed to him : 
 UNIVERSITATUM TOTIUS ORBIS et Collegiorum omnium Societa- 
 tis libellus. Tournon, 1586, 8. 
 
 Published with the name of Franciscus Catinius on the title- 
 page. 
 
 See Sommervogel, vol. iv., s.v. Hay. 
 
 Father John Hay, S.J., belonging to the family of the Hays of 
 Dalgetty, was born in 1546. He was one of the young Scotsmen 
 whom his cousin, Father Edmund Hay, succeeded in taking over 
 to Rome in 1566. This youth of brilliant talents, being in bad 
 health, was ordered to Strasburg to see a Catholic physician. 
 Whilst there, a thesis upon Transubstantiation was proposed for 
 public disputation. As no Catholic came forward to take the 
 part of defender, John Hay could not brook the disgrace of 
 silence, and although broken down in body, yet as he was strong 
 of heart, he descended into the arena with all the greater confi- 
 dence, because the secular dress which he wore at the time 
 concealed the fact of his being a religious. When even Protes- 
 tants declared that the victory was with the Catholic stranger, he 
 was discovered to be a Jesuit. On the renewal of the disputation, 
 John Hay was required by the magistrates to take his place in it 
 again, and having once more obtained a signal victory, he was 
 escorted back to his lodgings by the Protestant students. 1 
 
 On the 9th of November, 1579, Father John Hay wrote from 
 Scotland to the General of the Society a long letter, which is also 
 an historical document. 2 In it he refers to a series of adventures 
 which he passed through in his long and toilsome expedition. 
 
 1 Diet. Nat. Biography. 
 
 2 It was published in Narratives of Scottish Catholics, by W. Forbes Leith, 
 S.J., Edinburgh, 1885, p. 141. 
 
 F 
 
82 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 He was summoned to appear before the Council at Stirling, and 
 on his arrival was invited to a private disputation, which he 
 declined, but said he would gladly accept it if the King and his 
 ministers were present. He then returned to the North of Scot- 
 land, and describes how the people had in their devotions resumed 
 the pious custom of their forefathers, and now clad only in the 
 humblest garments, and imploring the aid of God and of all the 
 saints, especially of the Blessed Virgin Mary, visited the shrine of 
 our Lady of Grace, on the river Spey, rosaries even being offered 
 for sale in the market-place of Turriff. 
 
 Father Hay expresses in his letter a great desire to remain in 
 the country, had not his brother pledged his word to the King 
 that he would leave the realm. 
 
 On his return to France Father John Hay was made Chancellor 
 of the University of Pont-a-Mousson, where many years before he 
 had taught philosophy and letters. He died on the 2ist of May, 
 1607, at the age of sixty-one. 
 
 HAMILTON (JOHN), Rector of the University of Paris. 
 
 BREVIA ET DILUCIDA QU^EDAM PR^ELUDIA, de Divisione, 
 Definitione et Argumentatione quae in Aristotelis organo Logico 
 occurrunt. Parisiis, 1580, 4. 
 
 ANE CATHOLIK AND FACILE TRAICTISE, drawin out of the halie 
 scriptures, treulie exponit be the anciet doctores, to confirme the 
 real and Corporell presence of Chrystis pretious bodie and blude 
 in the Sacrament of the alter. Dedicat to his souuerane Marie 
 the quenes maiestie of Scotland. lohne Hamilton student in 
 theologie, and regent in philosophic to the maist excellent & 
 Catholic prince. Charles of Bourbon in the royal College of 
 Nauarre. Imprentit at Paris the first of April, 1581, in-32, 
 pp. 1 1 6. 
 
 British Museum, Stonyhurst Library, Y. 10. 25. 
 
 It was dedicated to Queen Mary, and appended to it were 
 
 twenty-four orthodox and catholic conclusions dedicated to 
 
 James VI., containing "certan questions to the quhilk we desire 
 
 the ministers mak resolute answer at the next general Assemblies 
 
 CERTAIN ORTHODOX AND CATHOLIK COCLUSIONES, with their 
 probationes, quhilk Jhone Hamilton regent in the Royal College 
 of Navarre, in name of ye Catholikis proponis to ye rninistres in 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 83 
 
 ye deformit Kirk in Scotlad. To be disputed before the Kingis 
 Maiestie, ad his honorable Coucell. s.l. n.d. Contains : a Letter 
 to the right noble and mighty Prince James the Saxt. 32. 
 British Museum, 4327. a, Stonyhurst Library. 
 
 AD AMPLISSIMUM SENATUM pro retento Academise jure in causa 
 Hamiltonii cum de nominando curione D.D. Cosmae et Damiani, 
 ageretur, gratiarum actio. Paris, 1586, 8. 
 Mazarin Library. 
 
 REMONTRANCE faicte en 1'Assemblee generate des Colonels, 
 Cappitaines . . . de Paris, etc., with a preface by J. H. Paris, 8. 
 British Museum, 1319. c. 
 
 A FACILE TRAICTISE contenand first : ane infallible reul to 
 discerne trevv from fals religion. Nixt, a declaration of the nature, 
 numbre, vertew and effects of the Sacraments, togiddir with cer- 
 tain prayers of devotion. Dedicat to his soverain Prince, the 
 King's Maiestie of Scotland, King James the saxt Be Maister 
 Ihone Hamilton, Doctor in Theologie at Lovan. Imprinted be 
 Laurence Kellam A.D. M.D.C. 
 
 At the end a short poem on The treuu use of the crucifix, 2 fol. 
 
 John Hamilton was the son of Thomas Hamilton of Orchat- 
 field, who acquired in 1522 the barony of Bathgate, and he was 
 the brother of Sir Thomas Hamilton, father of the first Earl of 
 Hamilton. John Hamilton was one of the regents of St. Mary's 
 College at St. Andrews, when in 1574 he avowed himself a Catholic. 
 He was denounced as rebel (1572), and "declarit traitor" (Feb., 
 1573). He came to Paris and was appointed professor of philo- 
 sophy in the Royal College of Navarre, " magna cum celebritate." * 
 
 In 1576 he became tutor to the Cardinal de Bourbon, and in 
 1578 to Francois de Joyeuse, also afterwards cardinal. He was 
 chosen rector of the University of Paris on the i7th of October, 
 1584 (Bulaeus, Hist, of University of Paris, vi. p. 785), and the 
 following year was commended by the students forming the 
 German nation to the cure of the parish of St. C6me. His title 
 was disputed before the parliament of Paris, but was decided in 
 his favour. 2 Hamilton became one of the most prominent 
 members of the Catholic League, especially during the resistance 
 
 1 Navar. Gymnasii Hist, apud Launoii opera, fol. vol. vi. 
 
 2 Louis Servin, Plaidoyer pour M e J. Hamilton, Ecossais, licencit en Thto- 
 logie present^ par F universitt dc Paris, 1586, I vol. 12 (Sorbonne). 
 
84 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 to Henry IV. He is referred to by Pierre de 1'Estoile as " a man 
 of resolution and learning, as everyone knows." l 
 
 About the year 1600 Hamilton returned to Scotland. The 
 Privy Council (i2th November, 1600) had information of Jesuits 
 lately arrived from abroad, " Maister John Hamilton and Maister 
 Hay," and denounced the former particularly as "a practiser," 
 counsellor and personal executor of high and desperate treasons 
 against the lawful authority of princes. 2 Hamilton's movements 
 were watched. Several Catholic noblemen and others got into 
 trouble for "resetting" the fugitive. For several years he not 
 only succeeded in eluding capture, but even in holding frequent 
 meetings in different parts of the country for the celebration of 
 mass and other Catholic services. His escape was probably pro- 
 cured by his nephew, Thomas Hamilton, first Earl of Haddington, 
 who was then practically at the head of the justiciary of Scotland. 
 
 It was not until 1608, when he had taken refuge with Lord 
 Ogilvy in Angus, that vigorous measures were taken to arrest him. 
 " It was a dark and tempestuous night when the soldiers broke 
 into the house, and Hamilton might have made his escape, but 
 seizing a weapon he prepared to resist." 3 He was, however, 
 secured and sent to the Tower of London ; and there he found a 
 fellow-prisoner in Andrew Melville. 4 The precise time of Hamil- 
 ton's death is not known, but it must have been about 1611. 
 
 " Hamilton," says Hill Burton, " had that subtle gift, the empire 
 over language, and the words came to him at his bidding words 
 expressive of Christian meekness, humility, charity and all that 
 might seem more appropriate to the secluded anchorite than to 
 the man of storm and strife." 
 
 LAING (JAMES), Doctor of Sorbonne, 1502-1594. 
 
 DE VITA ET MORIBUS atque rebus gestis hsereticorum nostri 
 temporis, etc., Traductio ex sermone Gallico in Latinum, quibus 
 multa addita sunt quae in priore editione, quorumdam negligentia 
 omissa fuere. Parisiis, 1581, 12. 
 
 Bibl. Nationale, Reserve Y. 2961 ; Rome, Bibl. Casan. ; Edin- 
 burgh, Advocates' Library. 
 
 The original French edition is almost unknown. 
 Dedicated to Mary, Queen of Scots, and her son, James VI. 
 
 l M4/uoires t ed Champollion, vol. v. 173. 2 Reg. P.C. Scot., vi. 171. 
 
 3 Johnston's Hist, rerum Britannicarum, p. 460. 4 M'Crie's Melville, p. 312. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 85 
 
 DE VITA ET MORIBUS Theodori Bezae, omnium haereticorum 
 nostri temporis facile principis, et aliorum hsereticorum brevis 
 recitatio, etc. Parisiis, 1585, 8, 144 pages, 12 fol. 
 
 Cui adjectus est libellus : 
 
 HISTORIA DE MORTE REV. P. EDMUNDi, Campiani de Soc. 
 Jesu, et aliorum qui in Anglia propter fidem Catholicam crudelis- 
 simam passi sunt mortem. Parisiis, 1585, pp. 30. 
 
 James Laing, professor of theology in the University of Paris, 
 was born in 1502 at Auchterless, in Aberdeenshire. He com- 
 pleted his studies at the University of Paris, and on the 2oth of 
 October, 1556, he was elected procurator of his nation, whereby 
 he had the right to represent the Scots in the Rector's Court. 
 About 1571 he obtained the degree of doctor of theology, and 
 preached during several years in Paris. He died in 1574, and 
 was buried in the church of the Sorbonne. 
 
 Jean de Rouen, privy councillor, royal almoner, rector and censor 
 of the University, in his treatise on the Sorbonne mentions Laing 
 in very laudatory terms (see Diet. Nat. Biography). 
 
 DURIE (JOHN), SJ. 
 
 CONFUTATIO RESPONSIONIS Gulielmi Whitakeri in Academia 
 Cantabrigensi, Professoris Regii ad Rationes decem, quibus fretus 
 Edmundus Campianus, Anglus Societatis Jesu, Theologus, Certa- 
 men anglicanae Ecclesiae ministris obtulit in causa fidei autore 
 Joanne Duraeo, Scoto, Societatis Jesu, Presbytero. Parisiis apud 
 Brumennium, 1582, 8, pp. 466. 
 
 Second edition, Ingoldstadt, 1585, pp. 856, 8. 
 Barberini Library, Rome. 
 
 Father John Durie, a native of Fifeshire, was commended by 
 Father Possevino for his learning and eloquence. He was living 
 in Paris at the College de Clermont in 1582, and is mentioned in 
 a list of priests and Jesuits in 1586. According to Father South- 
 well, he died in Scotland on the 2oth October, 1588 (Dom. Eliz., 
 vol. cxciii. p. 47 ; Southwell, Bibliotheca Scriptorum S.J.). 
 
86 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 MARTIN US (JACOBUS). 
 
 JACOBI MARTINI Scoto Dunkeldensis Philosophise Professoris 
 publici in Academia Taurinensi de Prima Simplicium et Concre- 
 torum Corporum Generatione Disputatio. s.l., c. 1584. 
 
 In 1584 William Temple issued a "disputation" against 
 Martin's book. 
 
 " There was a James Martin who was professor at Rome and 
 Turin, and remembered his far-off Scots home among the wooded 
 valleys of Dunkeld, as Wilson remembered his in Morayshire, 
 who would perhaps have afforded as distinctive a narrative had 
 we now any memorial of him beyond his book professing to clear 
 up physiological difficulties which still puzzle the learned " (T. Hill 
 Burton, The Scot Abroad \ 1900, p. 296). 
 
 BURNE (NlCOL). 1 
 
 THE DISPUTATION concerning the controversit headdis of 
 religion, haldin in the Realme of Scotland, the 3eir of God ane 
 thousand, fyve hundreth fourscoir zeiris. Betuix The prsetendit 
 Ministeris of the deformed Kirk of Scotland, and, Nicol Burne 
 Professor of philosophic in S. Leonardis College, in the citie of 
 Sanctandreis, brocht up from his tender cage in the perversit sect 
 of the Calvinistis, and nou be ane special grace of God, ane 
 membre of the halie and Catholic Kirk. Dedicat to his Soueran 
 the Kingis M. of Scotland King James the Saxt. Imprented at 
 Parise the ist day of October 1581. Pp. 143, 144. 
 
 Advocates' Library, H. 36. c ; British Museum, 699. b. 5 (i). 
 " This little volume, a rarity hunted after by collectors . . . will 
 be found to contain some rather curious matter, and among them 
 certain particulars regarding John Knox not to be found in the 
 biographical dictionaries." 2 
 
 AN ADMONITION to the Antichristian ministers in the deformit 
 Kirk of Scotland. Paris, 1581. 
 
 In his prefatory epistles Nicol Burne tells us that he was 
 brought up from his tender age in the Calvinistic doctrine, which 
 he followed with affection and zeal until " the time it pleased God 
 through reiding of sum Catholik orytharis to illuminate my hairt." 
 
 1 Professor of philosophy in St. Leonard's College, St. Andrews (Spottiswood, 
 fol. ed. p. 308). 
 
 2 Hill Burton, The Scot Abroad, ed. 1900, p. 193. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 87 
 
 He thereupon declared to a minister called Smeton, in Paisley, 
 his desire to defend the Catholic doctrines before the General 
 Assembly which was to be convened in Edinburgh in October, 
 1580. 
 
 Smeton approved of his design, and gave his word that his 
 request should be granted. Preparations were made; twelve 
 judges were chosen three noblemen and three ministers by 
 Smeton, and three bishops and three lawyers by Burne. The 
 subjects of discussion were arranged, and the agreement was sub- 
 scribed in presence of the Master of Ross, and the lairds of 
 Caldwell, Blackball and Johnstone by Burne. 
 
 But Smeton, without any warning, proceeded to excommuni- 
 cate his adversary, upon which he was apprehended and conveyed 
 to the Tolbooth of Edinburgh. Here he remained from the i4th 
 of October, 1580, till 3oth January of the following year. 1 
 
 In his epistle to the King we learn that he was imprisoned, 
 " nocht for onie evil doing, but for oppin professione of the treu 
 and Catholick Religion." It also appears that Burne had made 
 open profession of his faith "be plaine disputation bayth at 
 libertie and in presone." He was accused of high treason before 
 the King's advocate. The assizes were twice summoned, but the 
 King, moved by Burne's letter of humble supplication, commanded 
 that no injustice should be done to his " auin schollar." Then, 
 we are told, a new stratagem was invented, by which Burne was 
 to be starved to death in prison by being deprived of all access to 
 friends who were willing to supply his necessities. 
 
 Burne now hung a purse out of the Tolbooth window, craving 
 alms for Christ's sake. His enemies cut down the purse, and 
 gave order to the gaoler to hinder him sending out any more 
 letters of supplication. Burne persuaded him to carry a petition 
 to the Provost and Town Council for licence to beg, and this 
 licence he obtained. The ministers obtained an order forbidding 
 him to affix any letter to his purse or to solicit alms in the name 
 of a scholar. Alms, however, came abundantly. The Assembly 
 met on 20th October, and petitioned the King for some order to 
 be taken with their victim. Burne was not brought for trial. The 
 Register of Privy Council contains an entry on 291)1 January, 1587, 
 of a caution in ^500 by Andrew Burne in Leith. It bears that 
 Nicol Burne " shall within a month hence depart this realm, and 
 
 Epistle "to the Christian reider." 
 
88 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 in the meantime do nothing in prejudice of the present religion 
 presently professed." l 
 
 ROMUALDUS, Scotus. 
 
 ROMOALDI SCOTI SUMMARIUM RATiONUM, Quibus Canccllarius 
 Angliae et Prolocutor Puckeringius Elizabethae Angliae Reginae 
 persuaserunt occidendam esse serenissimam Principem Mariam 
 Stuartam Scotiae Reginam et Jacobi sexti Scotorum Regis Matrem. 
 Una cum responsionibus Reginae Angliae et sententia mortis. 
 Quae omnia Anglice primum edita sunt et Londini a Typographo 
 Regio impressa, ac deinde varias in linguas translata. His additum 
 est supplicium et mors Reginae Scotiae, una cum succinctis 
 quibusdam animadversionibus, et confutationibus eorum, quae 
 ei obiecta sunt. Opera Romoaldi Scoti. Anno Domini 
 MD.LXXXVIII, small 4, 37 fol. 
 
 Evidently a Catholic. 
 Do. Coloniae Henningius, 1627, 8. 
 
 SUMMARIUM RATIONUM quibus persuasa Elisabetha Mariam 
 Scotiae Reginam nece tradidit . . . cum earumdem rationum Con- 
 futatione. Londini, 1588, 4; Coloniae Hennigius, 1627, 8 9 . 
 
 Barberini Library, Rome. 
 
 KING (ADAM). 
 
 ANE CATECHISME or short instructione of Christian Religion 
 drawn out of the Scriptures and Ancient Doctours compyled be 
 the Godlie and learned father P[eter] C[anisius] 2 [translated from 
 the latin] with ane Kallendar perpetuale contining baith the awld 
 and new Kallendar . . . made be Adam King, professor of Philo- 
 sophy and Mathematikis at Paris. In the end ar additioned 
 certain godlie prayers and ane short method whereby every man 
 exame his conscience how he hes offendet the maiestie of God or 
 his nichtbour. At Paris. Imprynted by Peter Hyry, 1588. 
 
 A Welsh translation. Paris, 1611, 8. 
 
 1 Register of 'Privy Council, iii. 328, 355. 
 
 2 " Nostri saeculi doctissimus Canisius" (Winzet, Velitatio}. 
 
no.MIVYS PROTECTOR 
 VI I 
 
 WILLIAM BARCLAY. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 89 
 
 LIBRI QUARTI ET QUINTI SPHERE Georgio Buchanano non 
 absoluti supplementum Adamo Regio [King] auctore. 
 
 See Opera omnia, vol. ii. p. 510. 
 
 King illustrated this poem of Buchanan with a commentary 
 which Ruddiman has characterized as "Luculentum admodum 
 omnigenasque eruditionis copia refertum." David Cameron says 
 of King: "Vir doctissimus, historiographus clarissimus" (Dg 
 Scotorum Fortitudine, p. 46). 
 
 SCOTT (ALEXANDER). 
 
 APPARATUS LATINS LOCUTIONIS. Authore Alexandro Scot, 
 Scoto, Abirdonensis Academiae, Artium Liberalium, Magistra, 
 atque in Universitate Turonensi Theologise candidate. Lugduni, 
 1588, fol., 915 pp. 
 
 Barberini Library. 
 
 APPARATUS LATINS LOCUTIONIS . . . Lugduni, 1596. 
 Bordeaux Library. 
 
 MARII NIZOLII APPARATUS LATINS LOCUTIONIS ex libris 
 Ciceronis collectus auctus ab A. Scott. Lugduni, 1507, fol. 
 
 LEXICON CICERONIANUM M. Nizolini ex recensione Al. Scott 
 nunc crebris locis refectum et inculcatum. Patavii, 1734, fol. 
 Bibl. Nationale, Reserve x. 558. 
 
 APPARATUS LATINS LOCUTIONIS . . . post Marii locutionis prin- 
 cipia. Auctore Alex. Scott. Rhotomagi, 1635, 4. 
 
 M. T. CICERONIS EPISTOLARUM ad T. Pomponium Atticum, 
 libri xvi. Variis Doctorum Virorum lectionibus opera Alexandri 
 Scot, I.U.D. illustrati, et ad apparatum Latinae locutionis aptati. 
 Adjectae sunt Dyonysii Lambini emendationum rationes. Lugduni, 
 1580, 12, 762 pp. 
 
 M. T. CICERONIS OPERUM tomus sextus omnes ejus epistolas 
 ad familiares complectens. Variis doctissimorumi . . . virorum 
 lectionibus . . . opera Alexandri Scot, Scoti, auctus et illustratus. 
 Lugduni, 1588, 12. 
 
 M. T. CICERONIS OPERA PHILOSOPHICA in duas partes divisa . . . 
 opera Alexandri Scot, Scoti, I.V.D. illustrata. 1589, 12. 
 Cat. Durel, 1893, No. 2133 5 Baudrier, Bibl. Lyonnaise. 
 
90 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 M. T. CICERONIS OPERA OMNiA quae extant . . . Lugduni, 
 1589, 16. 
 
 THE COLLECTED WORKS OF CICERO, published in 8 vols. by 
 Pillehotte. Lugduni, 1608-1610. 
 
 Bibl. Nationale, x. 17,201-17,207. 
 UNIVERSA GRAMMATICA GR^ECA, etc. Lugduni, MDXCIII., 8. 
 
 Paris, Bibl. St. Genevieve, x. 375. 
 
 UNIVERSA GRAMMATICA GR^CA . . . Lugduni, 1605, 8 ; 
 Colonise, 1613. 
 
 VOCABULARIUM utriusquc juris emendatum et auctius quam 
 unguam antea, opera Alex. Scot, J.C. Lugdun. 1601. 
 
 JACOBI CUJACII . . . opera omnia. Studio et diligentia Alex- 
 andri Scoti Jurisconsulti, 1606. 
 
 Alexander Scott, Master of Arts and "Juris utriusque Doctor," 
 was born at Kinninmonth. His father was George Scott (of 
 Barwirie). His mother was Margaret Fraser, daughter of Edward 
 Fraser of Philorth. 
 
 Yielding to the penal laws, he went to France. In 1580 he 
 edited at Lyons the Letters of Cicero. This was followed by 
 various editions of the Apparatus Latince elocutionis. In this 
 work Scott revised Mario Nizzoli's Observationes in Ciceronem in 
 two folio volumes, an important work of reference, which was 
 republished by Scott under the title of Thesaurus Ciceronianus 
 and Lexicon Ciceronianum. The latter was the title adopted by 
 Facciolati in his edition of 1734. Later editions of this valuable 
 work are still in use. 1 
 
 In 1593 appeared the Universa Grammatica Grceca. Its success 
 was great, and it passed through many editions in succession, 
 completely superseding the institutes of Nicholas Clenard. Scott 
 finally edited the collected works of Cicero, published in 8 vols. 
 by J. Pillehotte in 1606. 
 
 About the year 1589 Scott married the sister of Jean Pillehotte, 
 who had amassed a large fortune. We next hear of him as 
 Director of the Schools of Carpentras in 1594. Between 1604 
 and 1608 Scott presided at the Town Council of Carpentras as 
 principal judge of the town. Nothing could stop his literary 
 activity, and in 1601 he brought out the Vocabularium utriusque 
 
 iS) and in 1606 edited the complete works of Cujas. 
 *J. E. Sandys, History of Classical Scholarship^ vol. ii. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 91 
 
 The Commentaries of Cujas are still used as a book of reference 
 and quoted authoritatively by French lawyers. No edition of 
 Cujas is published without the notes and additions with which 
 Scott enriched them. Scott had purchased the Chateau de Rocan 
 near Carpentras. His will, which has been preserved, is dated 
 "In aula domus habitionis egregii viri Dni. Alexandri Scott, 
 I6I6." 1 
 
 HAY. 
 
 HAII SAMPSONIS, de Veritate vitse et ordinis G. Gulielmi 
 Aquitanorum Ducis, etc. Sine loco et auctore. Parisiis, 1858, 8. 
 Rome, Vallicelliana. 
 
 WINZETUS (J.), Glasguensis, Scotus. 
 
 ORATIO DE SACERDOTII DIGNITATE, in honorem Joannis 
 Kunache, Litzensis Bamberg. episcopi. Bamberg. 1595. 
 
 VAUCHOPIUS (GEORGius). 2 
 
 G. V. DE VETERI POPULO ROMANO tractatus. Cadomi, 1595, 
 12; Paris, 1605. 
 
 British Museum, 587. a. 24. 
 
 DE MAGISTRATIBUS veteris Populi Romani tractatus. 
 In Thes. antiq. Romanorum, vol. iii. 
 
 IN REP. ROMAN. Lugd. Batav. 1626, 12. 
 
 OBSERVATIONES ex Historiis Roman, et omnium gentium. 
 Cadoni, 1598, in 8, apud Viduam Jacobi Bassi Typog. Regis. 
 
 DE ANGLICA seu Britannica justitia contra Chrysti martyres 
 Vail. G. V. 99. 
 
 HAMILTONIUS (FRANCISCUS), 1550-1617. 
 
 HAMILTONIUS, SCOTUS, Caenobii S. Jacob. Herbipol. Prior 
 De Sanctorum invocatione demonstratio duplex, quarum, priore, 
 Ipsa vindicatur ab omni crimine, posteriore, ejusdem ostenditur 
 justitia et sequitas. Wiceburgi, 1596, 4. 
 
 British Museum, 4?6 ' i a - I2 . 
 
 1 Revue Critique > Jan. 1885. 
 
 2 Professor of civil law at Caen in Normandy. This gentleman was of the 
 family of Niddrie. 
 
92 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 DISPUTATIO THEOLOGICA de legitimo sanctorum cultu per 
 sacras imagines : de que imaginum eorundem multiplici usu, fructu 
 et cultu, consecratione item atque benedictione et harum justitia 
 et emolumentis. Ad quam . . . responsurus est F. H., etc. (Prses. 
 P. Thyraeo). Wiceburgi, 1597, 4. 
 
 British Museum, iz^Jf. 
 
 BARCLAY (WILLIAM), 1543-1605. 
 
 POEMATA quaedam exst. in Deliciis Poetarum Scotorum, 
 Amstelodami, 1557, vol. i. p. 137. 
 
 GULIELMI BARCLAYI, Oratio pro Eloquentia. Paris, 1598, 8. 
 
 C. CORNELII TACITI, opera, quse extant, ad exemplar quod 
 J. Lipsius quintum recensuit Guil. Barclayus Praemetia ex Vita 
 Agricolae libavit a pag. 554 inter notas. Paris, 1599, 8. 
 
 Dedicated to Lipsius, to whom Barclay confesses that he owed 
 all he knew. 
 
 COMMENT, in Tit. Pandectarum de Rebus Creditis, et de 
 Jurejurando. Paris, 1605. 
 
 INST. in Thes. Juris Romani Everardi Ottonis. Basileae, 
 1744, vol. iii., a. col 803. 
 
 DE REGNO ET REGALI POTESTATE adversus Buchananum, 
 Brutum, Boucherium et reliquos Monarchomacos, Libri sex. 
 Paris, 1600, 4. Liber Posthumus a lo. Barclaio auct. filio in 
 hicem editus. 
 
 Reprinted in 1609 at Frankfort under the title of: 
 
 DE POTESTATE PAP^E : An et quatenus in Reges et Principes 
 seculares jus et imperium habeat. Liber posthumus a J. Barclaio 
 auctoris filio, in lucem editus in-8vo. Mussiponti, Francois du 
 Bois et Jac. Gernich, 1609 et exst. in Monarchia Goldasti Francof. 
 1613, tomo 3. 
 
 Translated into French and entitled Traite de la Puissance du 
 Pape sur les Princes stculiers. Cologne, 1687, 12. 
 
 OF THE AUTHORITIE OF THE POPE ; whether, and how farre 
 forth he hath power and authoritie over Temporall Kings and 
 Princes. Liber posthumus. London, 1611, 4. 
 
 This work was attacked by Cardinal Bellarmine. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 93 
 
 NEPENTHES, or the Vertves of Tobacco, by W. Barclay, M r - of 
 Art & Doctor of Physicke. Edinburgh, 1614. 
 
 Two years after the appearance of Nepenthes, King James 
 published his Counterblast to Tobacco, in which he denounces 
 smoking as a loathsome custom. Barclay's tract is very rare. It 
 has been reprinted in vol. i. of the Spalding Club Miscellany. 
 
 CALLIRHOE, The nymphs of Aberdeen resuscitat, 1615-1670. 
 Diet. Nat. Biography. 
 
 JUDICIUM de Certamine G. Eglisemmii [Eglisham] cum G. 
 Buchanano pro Dignitate Paraphraseos Psalmi ciiii. Adjecta sunt 
 Eglisemmii ipsum judicium, ut editum fuit Londini, typis Eduardi 
 Aldsei, A.D. 1619 et in gratiam studiosae juventutis ejusdem Psalmi 
 elegans Paraphrasis, Thomae Rhaedi. Lond., 1620, 8. 
 
 See some Latin poems in Delitice poetarum Scotorum, i. 137. 
 
 LEMONS sur les Antiquites faites au college des Grassins par 
 Jean Tourneroche . . . et Guillaume Barclay. 
 
 Bibl. Nationale, MSS. Lat. 8746 (Barrois 445) ; Delisle Cat., 
 p. 231. 
 
 William Barclay, M.D., descended from the Barclays of 
 Collairney, in Fife. 1 He states the place of his birth : " Collonia 
 sic castrum vocatur in quo primum terram tetigi sita est . . . 
 in territorio gentis Barclayanae, portus quidam qui nostra lingua 
 Auld-heaven appellatur" (Praemetiae to the 1599 edition of Lipsius' 
 Tacitus). Barclay studied first at Aberdeen University. He 
 studied under the great scholar Justus Lipsius 2 at Louvain. 
 There he appears to have taken the degrees of M.A. and M.D., 
 and Baillie Skene heard from one who had it from the lips of 
 Lipsius himself that were he to die he should wish his pen to fall 
 to Barclay above all others. 3 Leaving the Low Countries, 
 Barclay came to Paris, became professor of humanity in Paris 
 University, and in 1578, on the recommendation of his uncle, 
 Father Edmund Hay, he was appointed to the chair of civil law 
 
 1 William was the son of Walter, whose father, Sir Walter, possessed the 
 barony of Towie in 1403. 
 
 2 To Justus Lipsius Barclay addressed several letters which have been 
 printed. 
 
 3 Book of Bon Accord, p. 308 ; Musa Aberdomnsis, vol. iii. 
 
94 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 at Pont a-Mousson. Barclay resigned his chair in 1603 and went 
 to England. James I. welcomed Barclay, and offered him a 
 lucrative appointment on condition that he renounced his faith. 
 Barclay returned to France, and was appointed to the professor- 
 ship of law at Angers, where he died on the 3rd of July, 1608, 
 and was buried at the Cordeliers' Church. (See Carayon, Histoire 
 de F Universitt de Pont-a-Mousson ; Memoires du P. Niceron, 
 vol. xvii. p. 277 et seq. ; see also Professor Kennedy's remarks in 
 Aberdeen Quatercent. Studies, pp. 243-245.) 
 
 BALFOUR (ROBERT). 
 
 GELASIUS, Swray/Ao, TWV Kara TTJV cv Ni/caia dytai/ SwoSov 
 TrpaxdtvTw'. Paris, 1599, 8vo ; Heidelberg, 1601, fol. 
 Public Library, Douay, No. 3246. 
 An edition of the Greek text, with a Latin translation. 
 
 GELASII CYSICENI COMMENTARIUS actorum Nicaeni Concilii 
 cum corollario Theodori presbyteri de incarnatione Domini nunc 
 primum graece prodeunt interprete Rob. Balforeo. Lutetiae, 
 1599, 12. 
 
 Douay Library. 
 
 CLEOMEDIS METEORA GR^CE ET LATINE. A Roberto Bal- 
 foreo ex MS. Codice Bibliothecae Illust. Cardinalis Joyosii multis 
 mendis repurgata, Latine versa et perpetuo Commentario illustrata. 
 Bordeaux, 1603, 410. 
 
 Another edition. Bordeaux, 1605, 4. 
 
 Paris, Mazarin Library; British Museum, 531. h. 5. 
 It was republished by Professor James Blake at Leyden in 
 1820, 8. 
 Diet. Nat. Biography. 
 
 PROLEGOMENA in libros Topicorum Aristotelis. 1615. 
 
 COMMENTARII in Organum Logicum Aristotelis. Burdigalae, 
 1616, 4. 
 
 COMMENTARII in organum Logicum Aristotelis. Bordeaux, 
 1618, 4. 
 
 British Museum, 520. d. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 95 
 
 COMMENTARII in Lib. Arist. de Philosophia, Tomus Secundus, 
 quo post Organum Logicum, qusecumque in libros Ethicorum 
 occurrunt difficilia, dilucide explicantur. Burdigalae, 1620, 4". 
 
 COMMENTARIUS in libros duos Cleomedis de Contemplatione 
 orbium cselestium. Burdigalse apud Jac. Chouet, 1605, 4. 
 Draudius, Bibl. Class., 1625. 
 
 Robert Balfour (c. 1550-1625) informs us that he was born 
 near Dundee, and that he was sent to the University of St. 
 Andrews. Thence he proceeded to the University of Paris. He 
 was invited to Bordeaux by the Archbishop of Bordeaux, became 
 a member of the College of Guyenne, was elected professor of 
 Greek, and probably in 1586 was appointed principal of the 
 College, which he governed for many years. 
 
 Sir Wm. Hamilton, in his Discussions on Philosophy^ gives the 
 following appreciation of Balfour' s writings : 
 
 " We find in La Logique ou art de discourir et raisonner of 
 Scipio Dupleix, Royal Counsellor, etc., a handsome eulogy of 
 Balfour. The author declares that he draws his doctrine from 
 Aristotle, and his most celebrated interpreters. ' Sur tous lesquels 
 je prise M. Robert Balfor, gentilhomme Escossois, tant pour 
 sa rare et profonde doctrine aux sciences et aux langues, que pour 
 1'integrite de ses mo2urs. Aussi luy dois-je le peu de scavoir que 
 j'ai acquis ayant eu Thonneur de jouir familierement de sa douce 
 et vrayement philosophique conversation ' (Preface, f. 5). Farther 
 on, and in the body of the work (f. 25), he calls ' M. Robert 
 Balfor, le premier philosophic de nostre memoire,' " etc. 
 
 Balfour's edition of Cleomedes and his Commentary are praised 
 to the highest by Berthius and Bake: whilst his Council of Nice, 
 and the notes, have gained him a distinguished reputation among 
 theologians. His series of Commentaries on the Logic, Physics, 
 and Ethics of Aristotle were published at Bordeaux in 4, and are 
 all of the highest value. The second edition of that on the 
 Organon appeared in 1620, and extends to 1055 pages. It is, 
 however, a comparatively rare book, which may excuse subsequent 
 editors and logicians for their ignorance of its existence. 2 
 
 Balfour left behind him the character of a learned and worthy 
 man, the only fault attributed to him by one biographer being his 
 zealous adherence to the Catholic faith. 
 
 1 i. p. 119. 2 Sir Wm. Hamilton's Discussions on Philosophy , p. 119. 
 
96 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 BARCLAY (JOHN), 1582-1621. 
 He edited his father's work : 
 
 DE REGNO ET REGALI POTESTATE adversus Buchananum, 
 Brutum, Boucherium et reliquos Monarchomachos. Paris, 1600, 4. 
 
 COMMENT on the Thebais of Statius. 1601. 
 
 REGI JACOBO PRIMO, carmen gratulatorium. Paris, 1603. 
 
 EUPHORMIONIS LUSININI SATYRicoN : partes quinque cum 
 clavi. 
 
 The first part was published, London, 1603 ; the second part 
 (simul cum prima), Paris, 1605. 
 
 EUPHORMIONIS LUSINI SATYRICON, nunc primum recognitum, 
 emendatum, et variis in locis auctum. Paris, 1605. 
 
 BARCLAII SYLV^:, excudebat R. B. Londini, 1606. 
 
 EUPHORMIONIS LUSININI SATYRICON. Pars secunda nunc pri- 
 mum in lucem edita. Paris, 1607. 
 
 See Censura Ruphormionis auctore anonymo, Paris, 1620. 
 
 EUPHORMIONIS SATIRICI APOLOGIA pro se. Paris, 1610. 
 
 This satire had made so many enemies that in 1610 he published 
 his apology for Euphormion. 
 
 JOHANNIS BARCLAII PIETAS; sive publics pro Regibus, et 
 Principibus, et Privatae pro Gulielmo Barclaio, Parente, Vindiciae 
 adversus Roberti S.R.E. Card. Bellarmini Tractatum de potestate 
 Summi Pontificis in rebus temporalibus. Paris, 1612, 4. 
 
 Et exst. in Monarchia Goldasti Francof. 1613, vol. 3, p. 847. 
 
 It was replied to by Andreas Eudsemon : 
 
 JOANNES in Epistola monitoria ad Joannem Barclaium Guil- 
 lelmi folium. Cologne, 1613. 
 
 ICON ANIMARUM. Londini, 1614, 8. 
 
 Dedicated to Louis XIII., King of France. 
 Barclay describes the character and manner of the European 
 nations, and writes of Scotland with special affection. 
 
 Translated : Icon Animarum ; the Mirror of Mindes ; trans- 
 lated by T. May. London, 1631, small 8. 
 
 In style it has been compared to Goldsmith's Traveller. 
 

 JOANNES BARCLAJV5 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 97 
 
 PAR^NESIS AD SECTARIOS. Cologne, 1617. 
 
 ARGENIS (published by du Pereisc). Parisiis, 1621. 
 
 Argenis, or the Loves of Polyarchus and Argenis, Paris, was 
 translated into English by Kingsmill Long, gentleman, London, 
 1625, 4. A second edition "beautified with pictures, with a 
 key praefixed to unlock the whole story." London, 1636. It 
 includes a portrait of Barclay. 
 
 POEMATUM, Libri duo. Londini, 1615, 4; Oxon., 1636, 12. 
 POEMS in Delitia Poetarum Scotorum. 
 
 Under the name of "Louise de Bonnaire," John Barclay 
 addressed to Balthazar de Vias, a celebrated poet of Marseilles : 
 
 ELEGIACA RESPONSIO. Parisiis, 1647, fol. 
 The same volume contains : 
 
 CARMEN de Vias ad Aloysiam de Bonnaire Barclaiam. 
 "Louise de Bonnaire" died at Orleans in 1652. 
 
 John Barclay, son of William Barclay, of Aberdeenshire, 
 q.v. supra, was born at Pont-a-Mousson, 28th January, 1582. He 
 received his schooling from the Jesuits. At the age of nineteen 
 he is said to have published notes on the Thebais of Statius. In 
 the preface to the Apology for Euphormion he says : " I had no 
 sooner left school than the juvenile desire of fame incited me to 
 attack the whole world, rather with a view of promoting my 
 reputation than of dishonouring individuals." 
 
 In 1605 John Barclay came over to England, and was kindly 
 received by James I. In England Barclay received occasional 
 help from the King and the Earl of Salisbury, and won the friend- 
 ship of Isaac Casaubon, Ralph Thorie, and of du Pereisc, an 
 attache of the French Embassy and a patron of learning. He 
 repaired to Rome with his family in 1616. He was welcomed by 
 Cardinal Bellarmine and pensioned by the Pope. To convince 
 the world of his steadfast adherence to the Catholic faith, he 
 published in 1617 his Parcenesis ad Sectaries. He died in 
 August, 1621, in the 39th year of his age. 
 
 His Argents, published by du Peiresc at Paris, was translated 
 into several languages, and was always read with pleasure by 
 Richelieu, Leibnitz, Johnson, Pope, Cowper, Disraeli, and 
 Coleridge. Still many people prefer his Satyricon Euphormionis 
 on account of its curious notices of the condition of Britain. 
 
 G 
 
98 
 
 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 See Dupond, LArgenis de Jean Barclay ', Paris, 1875 ; Dukas, 
 Bibliographic du Satyricon de J. Barclay, Paris, 1880 : Collignon, 
 Notes sur tEuphormion de J. Barclay, Paris, 1901 ; Idem, Notes 
 Hist. Litt. Bibliogr. sur F Argents de J. B., Paris, 1902; Garnett 
 in Diet. Nat. Biography, s.v. Gillow, Bibl. Diet., s.v. ; J. V. 
 Crowne, Catholic Encyclopedia, s.v. 
 
 CHAMBERS (JOHN). 
 
 BARLAAMI MONACHI SCHOLASTICA latine reddita et scholiis 
 illustrata a Jo. Chambero. Paris, 1600, 4. 
 Mazarin Library. 
 
 ECCLESIASTICAL SCHOOL. 
 
MASTERS OF ARTS, 1500 to 1560 
 
 NOTE 
 
 THE following extracts are taken chiefly from official papers, and 
 partly from Catholic sources. Though our list of Masters of 
 Arts makes no pretensions to have exhausted the printed sources, 
 yet it will be found, I hope, not only instructive in itself, but 
 also serviceable as a chronology. 
 
 1513 M. ABERNETHY, WALTER, Presbyter, Provost of Dumbarton. 
 
 (Bain, Liber Protocollorum, 530.) 
 1507 M. ABIRCRUMBY, DAVID, Subdecanus Cap. Reg. (Reef. P.S. 
 
 1596.) 
 1502 M. ABIRNETHY, WALTERUS, Praepositus Eccles. de Dunber- 
 
 tane. (Reg. M.S. 2711.) 
 1519 M. ADAMSON, JOHN, O.P., Professor of Sacred Theology. 
 
 (M. Bryce, H. of Black Friars, Edinburgh, p. 87.) 
 c. 1520 M. ADAMSON, JOHN, Sacrae Theologiae Professor. ' A 
 
 man of good knowledge, good fame and conscience.' 
 
 (Professor Herkless, Archbishops of St. Andrews, vol. ii. 
 
 p. 184 et seq.) 
 1521 M. ADE, JOHN, Professor of Theology. The first who, 
 
 according to Hector Boece, received the degree of 
 
 Doctor of Divinity at the University of Aberdeen. 
 
 (Registers of Glasgow in 1521.) 
 
 1505 M. AKINHED, RICARDUS, R. de Kirkdale. (Reg. P.S. noi.) 
 J 553 M - ANDERSON, ALEXANDER, Parson of Tyrie and Rector 
 
 of Kinkell, Principal of King's College. 
 1559 M. ANDERSON, ALEXANDER, Parson of Morlach. (Keith, 
 
 P- 74-) 
 1526 M. ANDERSONUS, ROB., Capellanus de Retray. (Reg. P.S. 
 
 3554-) 
 1532-44 M. ANDERSON, THO., Capellanus et N.P. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 1162 ; Reg. Brech.) 
 1544 M - ANDERSON, THOMAS, Secretarius Episcopi. (Reg. ep. 
 
 Brech. ii. 278.) 
 
100 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 1556 M. ANNAN, ALEXANDER. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 
 
 555-) 
 1556 M. ANNAND, JACOBUS. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 555.) 
 
 1544 M. ANNAND, JOHN, Canon of St. Andrews, Principal of St. 
 Leonard in 1544, is called by Knox ' a rotten Papist.' 
 (Cf. Spottiswood's History, i. p. 125 ; D. Laing's Knox, 
 i. 1 88.) " Multis jam annis fidelissimus divini verbi 
 prsedicator." 
 
 1540 Jan. 22. M. ANNAND, THOMAS, Procurator. (Cone. Reg.) 
 
 1553 M. AROUS, JOH., Archidiaconus Glasguen. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 796.) 
 
 1524 M. ATOUN, JOH., Preb. de Kingask. (Reg. P.S. 3354.) 
 1551 M. AUCHTMOWTHY, ROBERT. (Laing, o.c. p. 583.) 
 
 1520 M. AYTON, ANDREW AYTON OF, of Dunkeld Diocese. (Univ. 
 of Orleans, Miscell. of Hist. Soc. of Scotland.) 
 
 1505 M. BABINGTOUN, HEN., Dean of Cathedral of Aberdeen. 
 (Reg. P.S. 1172.) 
 
 1502 April 4. M. BAIDIENACH, JOHN, Vicar of Gemrie. (P. J. 
 
 Anderson, Aberdeen Friars, Calendar, p. 61.) 
 1533 M. BAILLIE, BERNARD, R. de Lamyngtoun. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 1328.) 
 
 1561 M. BAILLIE, WILLIAM. (Keith, ii. p. 114.) 
 1507 M. BAILYE, CUTHBERTUS, Rector de Sanchare. (Reg. 
 
 M.S. 3224.) 
 
 1558 M. BAILYE, ROBERT, Rector of Lamington. (D. Patrick, 
 
 Statuta Ecclesiae Scoticanae, p. 154.) 
 
 1517 M. BALFOUR, ALEX., Vic. de Kilmane. (Reg. M.S. p. 38, 
 
 n- I75-) 
 1550 M. BALFOUR, JAC., Thesaurarius Glasguen. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 5530 
 1561 M. BALFOUR, JACOB., Rector de Flisk. (Keith, vol. ii. 
 
 p. 114.) 
 
 1559 M. BALFOUR, JOHN, Chaplain of St. Nicholas Chaplaincy, 
 
 Dundee. (Maxwell, H. of Old Dundee, p. 50.) 
 
 1541 M. BALFOUR, MARTIN. (Liber Officialis S. Andreas, 
 
 Abbotsf. Club, p. xxvii.) " In utroque jure bac. in 
 sacris literis doc." Vicar of Monymaill and Rector of 
 Deneno. (Herkless, St. Leonards, p. 221.) 
 
 c. 1560 M. BALFOUR, WILLIAM. Prosecuted for reviling and 
 interrupting a service in the Church of St. Giles. (Pit- 
 cairn, Trials, i. 416-418.) 
 
 1533 M. BALLANTYNE, JOH., Canonicus Rossen. (Reg. M.S. 
 $ ee BELLENDEN. 
 
. 
 
. 
 
 MASTERS OF ARTS 101 
 
 1503 M, BALLENTYNE, THOMAS, Director Cancellariae. (Fraser, 
 Mem. of Montgomeries, i. 86.) 
 
 1540 M. BALLIE, BERNARDUS, R. de Lammingtoun. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 2170.) 
 
 1534 M. BALLIE, ROBERTUS, Canonicus Glasguensis. (Muni- 
 
 men ta, vol. ii. 23 Dec. 1534.) 
 
 1524 M. BALLINGALL, Preb. de Kernys, Can. S. Andrews. (Reg. 
 
 P-S. 3355-) 
 *539 M. BALWARD, ALAN, R.S. Modoci. (Reg. M.S. 1997.) 
 
 M. BANERMAN, ROBERTUS, Principalis, Regent of St. Mary's 
 College. (Reg. Privy Seal, xx. 25.) 
 
 1531 M. BANNATYNE, JOANNES, Clericus Dunblanensis Dioc. 
 Publicus Sacris Apostolica et Imperiali auctoritatibus 
 notarius. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 99.) 
 
 1557 M. BANNATYNE, JOH., Subprior de Newbottill. (Reg. 
 M.S. 1223.) 
 
 1508 M. BARCULAR (BARCLAY ?), ALEXANDER, Moraviensis Dioc. 
 (Miscell. Scot. Hist. Soc. vol. ii. pp. 47-114.) 
 
 1525 M. BARCLAY, ALEXANDER, Dominican. (M. Bryce, Black 
 
 Friars of Edinburgh, p. 29.) 
 
 1541 M. BARCLAY, THOMAS, Rector of Navay, Rector of Univ. 
 
 of St. Andrews. (Herkless, o.c. p. 221.) 
 
 1549 M. BARRIE, ARCHIBALD, Chaplain. (Laing, o.c., Notice in 
 Burgh Records.) 
 
 1527 M. BARRY, JOHN, Vicar of Dundee. (Maxwell, H. of Old 
 Dundee, p. 27.) 
 
 1535 M. BARRY, Jo., Vic. de Dunde. (Reg. M.S. 1517.) 
 
 1520-23 M. BARRY, ROBERT, Vicar of Dundee, Elected one of 
 the Town Council. (Maxwell, H. of Old Dundee, p. 37.) 
 
 1539 M. BEILYE, BERNARDUS, Rector de Lamyntoun. (Reg. 
 
 ep. Glasg. 502.) 
 
 M. BELLENDEN, JOHN, Docteur en theologie de 1'Universite 
 de Paris, Archidiacon. de Moray. (Cf. F. Michel, o.c. ; 
 Irving, Lives of Scottish Writers, vol. i. pp. 12-22.) 
 
 1548 M. BELLINDEN, Prebendary of Lumlair. (Origines paro- 
 chiales, ii. p. 481.) 
 
 1516 M. BENGALL, WILL., Capellanus S 1 Ninian. (Reg. M.S. 
 No. 89, p. 19.) 
 
 1556 M. BETON, ARCHIBALD, Chantour of Aberdeine, Rector 
 of Univ. of Glasgow. (Munimenta, i. p. 61 (Maitland).) 
 
 1519 October. M. BETON, DAVID. The most meritorious chan- 
 cellor of Glasgow. (Univ. of Orleans, Miscell. of Hist. 
 Soc. of Scotland.) 
 
102 PUB-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 1520 October. M. BETON, GEORGE, of St. Andrews Diocese. 
 
 (Miscell. of Scottish History Soc., vol. ii. pp. 47-114.) 
 1513 M. BETON, WALTER, S. Andrews Dioc., Procurator of 
 
 Scottish Nation at University of Orleans. (Miscell. 
 
 Scot. Hist. Soc., ii. p. 47.) 
 1547 M. BETOUN, VALTERUS, S' Andreae Archidiaconus Uni- 
 
 versitatis Rector. (Munimenta, i. 54 (Maitland).) 
 1544 M. BISSAT, GILBERTUS. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 431.) 
 1530 M. BISSAT, JOHN, Vic. of Kilmare. (Origines Parochiales, 
 
 ii. p. 419; Reg. M.S. 1442.) 
 154... M. BISSET, JOHN, Principal of King's College, previously 
 
 Regent. (Officials and Graduates of Aberdeen University) . 
 1520-21 M. BLACADER, PATRICIUS, Archidecanus Glasguen. 
 
 (Reg. M.S. p. 47.) 
 
 1533 M. BLACADER, Vicar de Muthill. (Reg. M.S. 1342.) 
 1540 M. BLACADER, ROLLANDUS, Subdec. Glasg. (Reg. ep. 
 
 Glasg.) 
 c. 1547 M. BLACK, JOHN, O.P., Master of St. Mary's College, St. 
 
 Andrews. See Bibliography. 
 1504 M. BLACK, WILLIAM, Vic. of Tinwald, N.P. (Bain, L. 
 
 Protocollorum, 427.) 
 1578 M. BLACKWOOD, WILLIAM. Kept up the Catholic faith 
 
 till 1574. (Thomas Innes, MS. Bishop Kyle's Collection.) 
 1504 M. BLAIR, PAT., Vicarius . . . (Reg. M.S. 2797.) 
 1558 M. BLAIR, WILLIAM, Archdeacon of Whithorn. (D.Patrick, 
 
 Statuta Ecclesiae Scoticanae, p. 252.) 
 1509 M. BLAKATER, JOHANNES, R. de Kirkpatrick-Flemyng. 
 
 (Reg. P.S. 1905.) 
 1509 M. BLAKATER, PATRICK, Archdean of Glasgow. To pass 
 
 to the realm of France to vesy the sculis. (Reg. P.S. 
 
 1998.) 
 1507 Dec. 23. M. BLAKADIR, ROBERT, Rector of Metropolitan 
 
 Church of Glasgow. (Univ. of Orleans, Miscell. Hist. 
 
 Soc. of Scotland.) 
 1503 M. BLARE, EDWARD, Prebendary of Are. (Reg. P.S. 
 
 982.) 
 1501 M. BLAYR, EDWARD, Vicar of Ar. (W. Eraser, Mem. of 
 
 Montgomeries, i. 61.) 
 M. BOECE, ARTHUR, brother to Principal Hector Boece, 
 
 First Canonist, Decretorum Doctor. (Reg. M.S. p. 75 ; 
 
 Officials of Aber. Univ. p. 29.) 
 
 1536 M. BOECE, HECTOR, Rector of Tyrie, First Principal of 
 King's College. (Reg. M.S. 3821 ; Officers and Gradu- 
 ates of Aberdeen University.) 
 
MASTERS OF ARTS 103 
 
 1509 M. BOGILL, PATRICK, Curate of the Church of Calder. 
 
 (Bain, Liber Protocollorum.) 
 
 1516 M. BOGY, PAT., R. de Wilmorow. (Reg. M.S. No. 76, p. 16.) 
 1500 M. Boiss, PATRICIUS, Thesaurarius Ecclesiae Cathedralis. 
 
 (Reg. ep. Brech., ii. 277.) 
 
 1510 M. BOITHUILE, Ric., Canonicus Glasguen. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 3454 ; Reg. ep. Glasg.) 
 1502 M. BORTHIK, DAVID. (Univ. of Orleans, Miscell. Hist. 
 
 Soc. of Scotland.) 
 
 J 555 M. BORTHUIC, DAVID, R. de Lochill. (Reg. M.S. 1035.) 
 1601 M. BOSEVILLE, JOANNES, Doctor of Sorbonne. (Francisque 
 
 Michel, vol. ii. p. 133.) 
 1505 M. BOSWALL, ROB., Decanus de Lestalrig, Canon Dunkelden. 
 
 (Reg. M.S. 3151.) 
 
 1516 M. BOSWELL, JOHN, Rector de Kirkguenzeane. (Fraser, 
 Mem. of Montgomeries, i. 86.) 
 
 1512 M. BOSWELL, ROBERT, Canon of Glasgow, Prebendary of 
 
 Luss. (Bain, L. Protocollorum, 525.) 
 
 1527 M. BOSWELL, THO., Capellanus. (Reg. M.S. p. in.) 
 
 1524 M. BOTHUILE, Ric., Praepositus Eccl. Collegiatae B.V.M. 
 de Campis prope Edinb. (Reg. M.S. p. 64.) 
 
 1513 21 Jan. BOTHWELL, FRANCIS. (University of Orleans, 
 
 Miscell. Hist. Soc. of Scotland.) 
 
 1551 April 30. M. BOUYCKE, WALTER, Chaplain of St. Monan's 
 Altar. (Maxwell, H. of Old Dundee, p. 33.) 
 
 1549 M. BOYD, ARCHIBALD, Provost of Dalkeith. (D. Patrick, 
 Statuta, p. 86.) 
 
 1507 M. BOYD, CRISTOFIR, Chaplain. (W. Fraser, M. of Mont- 
 gomeries, i. 75.) 
 
 1510 M. BOYD, THO., R. de Carmichell. (Reg. M.S. 3396.) 
 
 1510 M. BRADY, Jo., Archidiaconus S. Andreae. (Reg. M.S. 
 3396, 2890.) 
 
 1529 M. BRIDY OR BRADY, Vic. of Wattin in 1552. (Orig. Paroch. 
 
 ii. 621, 624.) 
 
 1558 M. BRODY, DAVID, N.P. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 506.) 
 1544 M. BROKKES, JACOBUS. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 635.) 
 1536-42 M. BROWN, DONALD, Rector of Lochaw. (Orig. Paroch. 
 
 ii. 121.) 
 1514-15 M. BROWN, G., of Mydmar, one of four regents in St. 
 
 Salvator's College, d. 1514-15. (Keith, p. 56, ed. 1755.) 
 
 1505 M. BROWN, JAC., Dene of the Cathedral of Aberdeen. 
 (Reg. P.S. 1172.) 
 
104 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 1554 M. BROWN, JAC., R. de Fetheresso. (Reg. M.S. 945.) 
 
 1520 M. BROWN, JOHANNES, Capellanus. (Antiquities of Aber- 
 deen, p. 340.) 
 
 1556 M. BROWN, THO., Canonicus Dunkelden. (Reg. M.S. 1136.) 
 
 1515 M. BROWN, THOMAS, Vicar of Auchtergaven. (Scott Myln, 
 
 Master Masons to the Crown, p. 28.) 
 
 1505 M. BROWN, WILLIAM, Vicar. (Bain, L. Protocollorum, 
 
 332, 519-) 
 *539 M. BRUS, EDWARD. (Antiquities of Aberdeenshire, p. 
 
 238.) 
 1513 M. BRYCE, DAVID, Parish Clerk of Colmonell. (Bain, L. 
 
 Protocollorum, 531.) 
 
 1505 M. BURN, ROB., Capellanus in Eccles. S' Andreae. (Reg. 
 M.S. 2850.) 
 
 1540-63 M. BURNETT, DUNCAN, Canon Prebendary of Methlik 
 N.P., Rector of Aberdeen University. (Reg. M.S. 2170 ; 
 Officials of Aberdeen University.) 
 
 1507 M. CABELL, ALEX., Rector de Banchory-Divinik, Can. Aberd. 
 
 (Reg. M.S. 3196.) 
 
 1505 M. CADIZOW, WILLELMUS, Cancellarius Brechinensis. (Reg. 
 P.S. 1221.) 
 
 1505-1520 M. CALDER, JOHN, Precentor of Ross. (Orig. 
 Paroch. ii. 450; Reg. P.S. 1140.) 
 
 1539 M. CAMERON, JOHN, Chaplain of Applecross. (Orig. 
 Paroch. i. p. 402.) 
 
 1516 M. CAMMYN, JOHANNES, Prebendary of Dere. (Reg. P.S. 
 
 2765-) 
 
 1525 M. CAMPBELL, ALEXANDER, Dominican. (Moir Bryce, 
 Black Friars of Edinburgh, p. 29.) 
 
 1557 M. CAMPBELL, ALEX., Decanus Moravien. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 1240.) 
 
 1541 M. CAMPBELL, DAVID, in Estir Derheid. 
 1527 M. CAMPBELL, JOH., de Lundy. (Reg. M.S. p. 112.) 
 
 1508 M. CAMPBEL, JOH., R. de Kylmartine. (Reg. M.S. 3232.) 
 1530 M. CAMPBELL, JOH., Rector de Lochow. (Reg. M.S. 932.) 
 
 1541 M. CAMPBELL, JOHN, Rector of Kilmertyne, d. 1544. (Orig. 
 
 Paroch. ii. 85.) 
 1556 M. CAMPBELL, JOHN, Commendatarius de Ardchattane. 
 
 (Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 251.) 
 
 1541 M. CAMPBELL, NIEL, Dean of Lochow, Rector of Kilmertyne. 
 (Orig. Paroch. ii. 92 ; Reg. M.S. 2343.) 
 
g & 
 
 o .s 
 
 pa fc, 
 
MASTERS OF ARTS 105 
 
 1502 M. CAMPBELL, ROBERT, Rector of Cumnok, Canon of 
 
 Glasgow. (Bain, L. Protocollorum, 302.) 
 M. CAMPBELL, WILLIAM, Parson of Tullinessel. (Keith, p. 74.) 
 1541-2 M. CANTILY, JOH., Archidiaconus S. Andreae. (Reg. 
 
 M.S. 2569.) 
 1505 M. CAR, THO., R. de Yethame, Facultatis Artium Decanus. 
 
 (Reg. M.S. 2850.) 
 
 1535 M. M'CARBRE, ARCH., R. de Kilhomen. (Reg. M.S. 1525.) 
 1505 M. CARMICHELL, HEN., R. de Lethnot. (Reg. M.S. 2874.) 
 1535 M. CARMYCHELE, R. de Fynevyne, in Artibus Magister. 
 
 (Reg. M.S. 1489.) 
 
 1556 M. CARNEGIE, DAVID, R. de Kynnoule. (Reg. M.S. 1077 ; 
 
 Orig. Paroch. ii. 620.) 
 
 1557 M. CARNEGIE, JOANNES. 
 
 1512 M. CARNEGIE, PATRICIUS, Notarius Publicus. (Reg. ep. 
 Brechin. ii. 172.) 
 
 1530 M. CARNEGY, PAT., Vic. de Cortoquhye. (Reg. M.S. 946.) 
 
 1529 M. CARNEGY, PETER, Vic. de Cortoquhy ac N.P. (Reg. 
 M.S. 782.) 
 
 1525 M. CARPITARIUS, FRANCIS, O.P. (Moir Bryce, Black Friars 
 
 of Edinburgh, p. 29.) 
 
 1508 M. CARROUR, JAC., Presbyter. (Reg. M.S. 3550.) 
 
 1551 M. CARSWELL, JOH., Thesaurarius Lesmoren. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 642.) 
 1553 M. CARSUELL, JOHN, Rector of Kylmertyne. (Orig. Paroch. 
 
 ii. 92.) 
 
 1537 Jan. M. CASSARD, GUY, Edinburgh Dioc. 
 1510 M. CAUBREITH, ROBERTUS. 
 
 1502 M. CAUNT, GEO., Can. Eccles. Cathedr. Dunkelden. (Reg. 
 M.S. 2655.) 
 
 1558 M. CHALMERS, ALEXANDER, Priest, Dunblane. (Laing, 
 
 o.c.) 
 
 1520 M. CHALMER, DUNCAN, Chancellor of Ross. (Orig. 
 Paroch. ii. 575.) 
 
 1526 M. CHALMER, DUNCAN, Capellanus de Rathay, d. 1526. 
 
 (Reg. P.S. 3478.) 
 
 1534-44 M. CHALMER, DUNCAN, Cancellarius Rossen. (Reg. 
 M.S. 1442-3121.) 
 
 1509 M. CHALMER, GILB., Vic. de Tulich. (Reg M.S., 3374.) 
 1544 M. CHALMER, GILBERTUS. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, 635.) 
 
 1550 M. CHALMER, JAMES, Chaplain of St. Michael, Aberdeen. 
 (Edgar, Hist, of Education in Scotland, p. 115.) 
 
106 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 1519 M. CHALMER, THO., Capellanus de Colyhill, infra Capellam 
 Legiam de Garioch. D. Aberdonen. (Reg. P.S. 3057.) 
 
 1504 M. CHAMER, THOMAS, Chaplain of St. Ninian's Chapel on 
 
 the Castle Hill. (Moir Bryce, Black Friars of Edin- 
 burgh, p. 62.) 
 
 1537 M. CHAPMAN, JOHN. (Laing, o.c. p. 240.) 
 
 1545 M. CHEIN OR CHEYNE, JOHN, of Forthie. (Antiquities of 
 Aberdeen, p. 349.) 
 
 1554 M. CHENE, JERONIMUS, R. de Torry. (Reg. M.S. 909.) 
 
 1549 M. CHEPLANE, PETER, Canon and Provost of St. Salvator's, 
 St. Andrews. (D. Patrick, Statuta, p. 86; Historical 
 Soc.) 
 
 1535 M. CHESHOLME, JOH., Cancellarius Dunblanen. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 1487.) 
 1525 M. CHEUNOT, JAMES, O.P. (Moir Bryce, Black Friars of 
 
 Edinburgh, p. 29.) 
 1525 M. CHEYNE, JAMES, J.U.D., Dioces. Aberd. " Electus 
 
 concorditer Rector Universitatis Parisiensis." (Musa 
 
 Aberdon. iii. p. xxv.) 
 
 1539 M. CLERK, ROBERT, Succentor Glasg. (Reg. ep. Glasg.) 
 1541-2 M. COCKBURN, R. de Petcockkis. (Reg. M.S. 2611.) 
 J 53 3 Nov. M. COCKBURNE, JOHN. (University of Orleans, 
 
 Miscell. Hist. Soc. of Scotland.) 
 
 1548 M. COKBURN, JOHN, Rector de Kylmor. (Reg. ep. Brech. 
 
 ii. 197 ; i. 114.) 
 
 1552 M. COCKBURN, JOHN, Rector de Kilmoir. (Reg. episc. 
 
 Brechin. i. 114.) 
 
 1555 M. COCKBURN, PATRICK, Professor of Oriental Languages. 
 
 (See Bibliography.) 
 1507 M. COCKBURN, RENNERUS, Rector Eccles. de Dunbar. 
 
 (Reg. P.S. 1554.) 
 1501 M. COCKBURN, RENATUS. (Miscell. Scot. Hist. Soc. vol. ii. 
 
 47-114.) 
 1507 M. COIDYOW, WILLIAM, Professor of Theology. (Coutts, 
 
 H. of Univ. of Glasgow, p. 23.) 
 
 1549 M. COK, GEORGIUS, Vicarius. (Reg. ep. Glasg. 509.) 
 
 1539 M. GOLDEN, JOHN, Provost of Methuen, N.P. (Reg. M.S. 
 p. 463.) 
 
 1505 M. COLQUHOUN, ADAM, Preb. de Gowan. (Bain, L. 
 
 Protocollorum 311.) 
 
 1553 M. COLQUHOUN, JOHANNES, R. de Stobo, Rector Uni- 
 
 versitatis Glasguen. (Munimenta, i. 59 (Maitland) ; 
 Orig. Paroch. a. 1547.) 
 1547 M. COLQUHOUN, JOHN, Parson of Stobo. 
 
MASTERS OF ARTS 107 
 
 1540 M. COLQUHOUN, ROBERTUS, Rector de Dunbar, Decanus 
 Facultatis Artium. (Munimenta, Glasgow (Maitland).) 
 
 1510 M. COLVILE, ALEX., R. de Disart. (Reg. M.S. 3451.) 
 
 1512 M. COLVILLE DE UcHiLTRE, Cancellarius. (Reg. episc. 
 
 Brechin. i. 113.) 
 1503 M. CONINGHAM, DAVID, Official of Glasgow. (Bain, Liber 
 
 Protocollorum, C. Simonis, p. 292.) 
 
 1552 M. CONN, WILLIAM. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 483.) 
 1507 M. COOLQUHOUN, ADAM, R. of Biggar. (Bain, L. Proto- 
 collorum, 394.) 
 
 1530 M. CORRY, GILB., Presbyter Vic. of Kilmodane. (Reg. 
 M.S. 992 ; Fraser, Mem. of Montgomeries, i. 117.) 
 
 1500 M. COVANTHRE, PATRicius, Principals Regens Facultatis 
 Artium, Studii Glasguen. (Munimenta, ii. 275 (Malt- 
 land).) 
 
 1503 M. COVENTRA, Rector of Girvald. (Bain, L. Protocollorum, 
 
 p. 298). 
 1536 M. COVINTRA, DAVID, Chaplain of Sanct. Androis Altar, 
 
 Dundee. (Maxwell, H. of Old Dundee, p. 34.) 
 
 1559 M. COWENTRE, PATRICIUS, Rector de Garwell. (Muni- 
 menta, i. 46 (Maitland).) 
 
 1553-4 J an - 9- M - COWPER, ANDRO, Chaplain. (Maxwell, H. of 
 Old Dundee, p. 24.) 
 
 1503 M. CRAB, GILBERT, M.A., Univ. Paris. (See Bibliography.) 
 
 1544 M. CRACHTOUN, ALEX., Vic. de Innerweik. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 3198.) 
 
 1558 M. CRAFORD, NICHOLAS, Rector of Lamington. (D.Patrick, 
 Statuta Ecclesiae Scoticanae, p. 154.) 
 
 1529-45 M. CRAGY, HUGO, Capellanus, Not. Publ. (Reg. ep. 
 Morav. p. 596, p. 430 ; J. Robertson, Illustrations, 
 vol. ii. p. 187 ; Laing's Charters, p. 375.) 
 
 1545 M. CRAIG, ALEXANDER. (Antiquities of Aberdeenshire, 
 
 P- 349-) 
 1547 M. CRAIG, JOHN, Vicar of Thorso. 
 
 c. 1465-1526 M. CRANSTON, DAVID. Educated in Paris among 
 the poor scholars under John Major. Doctor of the 
 Sorbonne, Professor of Philosophy hi the College of 
 Montaigu. (Necrologium Collegii Scotorum, Blairs 
 College MS.) " Omnia sua pauperibus alumnis legavit 
 et inter collegii fundatores censetur." (See du Breuil, 
 Antiq. Paris, lib. ii. p. 679 ; Con, Praemetiae, p. 39.) 
 
 1506 M. CRANSTOUN, JASPERUS, R. de Feddirresso. (Reg. M.S. 
 3008.) 
 
108 FEE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 1549 M. CRANSTON, WILLIAM, Provost of Seton, Licentiate in 
 Theology, Principal of St. Salvator's College, was present 
 in the Provincial Council of 1549, a great favourer of 
 Papists. At the Reformation several of the masters 
 of St. Salvator's, including William Cranston, the Princi- 
 pal, adhered to the ancient religion and left their places. 
 (M'Crie's Melville, ii. 344-345.) (See Robertson's 
 Concilia Scotise, ii. 83 ; Register of the Great Seal, 
 1277 ; Register of St. Andrew's Kirk Session, p. 147 ; 
 Laing's Knox, vi. 144.) 
 
 1506 M. CRAWFURD, ARCHIBALD, Vicar of Erskine. (Bain, L. 
 
 Protocollorum, 366.) 
 
 1551 M. CRAUFURD, ARCHIBALDUS, Magister Scolae Grammati- 
 calis. (Munimenta, ii. 297 (Maitland).) 1556 Preb. 
 Eglisham. (Reg. ep. Glasg. 525.) 
 
 1503 M. CRAUFURD, PAT., R. of Aldamstokkis. (Reg. M.S. 2771.) 
 
 1531 M. CRAUFURDE, PAT., R. de Auldhamestokis. (Reg. M.S. 
 1086.) 
 
 1544 M. CREICHTOUN, ABRAHAM, Praepositus de Dunglass et 
 
 Ofncialis S. Andreas. (Fraser, Memoirs of Montgomeries, 
 i. 148 ; Keith, ii. p. 114 ; see Crichton, etc.) 
 
 1558 M. CREICHTOUN, ALEX., Vic. de Innerweik. (Reg. M.S. 
 1310.) 
 
 1545 M. CRICHTON, GEORGE, of Naughton. A son of Chrichton 
 
 of Naughton. (Keith's Bishops, p. 94.) Was a fellow- 
 student with Dunbar, the poet, at St. Andrews, and took 
 his Master's degree in the year 1479. He was Abbot 
 of Holyrood House, which he probably resigned on 
 obtaining possession of the See of Dunkeld previously 
 to November, 1526. In 1533, he was nominated an 
 extraordinary Lord of Session (Senatus of the College 
 of Justice, p. 45), and died on the 24th Jan. 1545. 
 (D. Laing's Works of Knox, vol. v. p. 105 ; Laing's 
 Charters, p. 212.) 
 
 1525 M. CRICHTON, JAMES, Dominican. (Moir Bryce, Black Friars 
 of Edinburgh, p. 29.) 
 
 1531 M. CRICHTOUN, ROB., Praepositus Ecclesi S' Egidii, Edinb. 
 (Reg. M.S. 1058 ; Laing's Charters, p. 212.) 
 
 1549 M. CREICHTOUN, WIL., R. de Colquholdistane. (Reg. M.S. 
 421.) 
 
 1507 M. CREICHTOUN, WILLIAM, Rector de Innernochy, Canon of 
 
 Aberdeen. (Antiq. of Aberdeenshire, p. 740.) 
 
 1530 2 Dec. M. CROW, THOMAS, Glasgow Dioc., Canon of Metro- 
 politan Church of the same. (Miscell. Scot. Hist. Soc. 
 vol. ii. pp. 47-114.) 
 
GROUP OF DOCTORS, REGENTS, AND STUDENTS. 
 
MASTERS OF ARTS 109 
 
 M. CROYSER, WILLIAM, Apostolicae Sedis Prothonotarius. 
 (A. Mackay, Preface to Mayor's History.) 
 
 1529 M. CRYSTESOUN, DAVID, Capellanus, N.P. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 897.) 
 1540 M. CUKE, GEO., Prebendarius de Crieff. (Reg. M.S. 2170.) 
 
 1506 M. CULLAN, ALEXANDER, Prebendary of Oyne, Rector of 
 Aberdeen University. (Officials of Aberdeen University.) 
 
 1500 M. CUNINGHAME, Officialis. (Reg. ep. Glasg.) 
 
 1509 M. CUNINGHAM, Can. Glasg. (Reg. ep. Glasg.) 
 
 1559 M. CUNINGHAM, DAVID, Subdean of Glasgow. A learned 
 man and of singular good qualities. (Keith, p. 77. ) 
 
 1496 M. CUNINGHAME, EDWARD, Rector of Cusny, Priest of the 
 Diocese of Glasgow. (Chartulary of Balmarino, p. 334.) 
 
 1521 M. CUNINGHAME, MICH., Vicarius de Are. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 p. 46.) 
 1534 M. CUNINGHAM, THOMAS. "In sacris literis licentiatus," 
 
 Canon Regular, Principal of St. Mary's (St. Andrews). 
 
 (Herkless, H. of St. Leonards, pp. 33, 221.) 
 
 1510 M. CUNNINGHAM, WILLIAM, Elect and confirmed of Lismore 
 
 (Argyle), surrendered the See before the I4th of July, 
 I 553- (Laing, 278.) See Coningham. 
 
 1528 M. CURNEY, ANDREW, Celebrated Doctor of Law. (Moir 
 Bryce, p. 19.) 
 
 1508 M. CURROUR, ALEXANDER, N.P. (Antiquities of Aberdeen- 
 shire, p. 333.) 
 
 1542 M. CUYK, GEORGE, Canon of Dunkell, Scribe of the i6th vol. 
 of the Register of the Privy Seal. 
 
 1545 M. DALLOQUHY, THOMAS, Notarius Publicus. (Antiquities 
 of Aberdeen, p. 334.) 
 
 1579 M. DALZEL, NINIAN, Schoolmaster. " Did read to his 
 scholars the Roman Cathechism." (Book of Universal 
 Kirk, p. 429 (Spottiswoode).) 
 
 1511 M. DALZIELL, GEORGE, Clergyman, Dioc. Glasg. (Bain, 
 
 L. Protocollorum, 508.) 
 
 1539 M. DAVIDSON, DAVID, Presbyter. (P. J. Anderson, Aber- 
 deen Friars, p. 82.) 
 
 1556 M. DAVIDSONE, JOHANNES, Person of Kinkell, Principal 
 Regent of the University of Glasgow. (Munimenta, i. 
 6 1 (Maitland).) 
 
 1547 M. DAVIDSON, JOHN, Vicar of Alnes, Regent of the College 
 in Aberdeen. (Origines Paroch. ii. 472.) 
 
 1559 M. DAVIDSON, JOHN, Principal Regent and Chaplain of 
 Deanery of St. Michael. (Munimenta, i. p. xvi.) 
 
110 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 1520 M. DAVIDSON, PETER, Magister Petrus de Scotia, a Doctor 
 
 of the Sorbonne. " In the year 1520, on the eve of St. 
 James' day, there died at Copenhagen of the plague 
 a man of the highest character and most worthy through 
 the whole of his long life, Magister Petrus de Scotia, a 
 Doctor of Theology. For he, when a public academy 
 was erected in that town, which had been in 1479 
 sanctioned by the most Holy Father, Sixtus IV., 
 at the request of Christian I., came from Cologne, and 
 having been made the new moderator and regent of 
 the New Academy, presided over it for 42 years. He 
 was exceedingly learned in Scholastic Theology and 
 especially in the method of Thomas Aquinas, and was 
 so devoted to the philosophy of Aristotle, which was 
 usually the mark of the followers of Thomas, that he 
 neither learned nor taught any other philosophy, even 
 when he reached mature old age, for he had passed, 
 unless I am mistaken, his yoth year at the time of his 
 death. May God have mercy on his soul, for He so 
 dealt with him during his life, that he never coveted 
 anything, content always with the scanty income derived 
 from his labours and studies, nor did he ever fall under 
 the suspicion of any heretical opinions." (Chronicum 
 Skibbiense, written between 1524 and 1544 by Paul 
 Eliazer, a Carmelite Monk, quoted by Sheriff Aeneas 
 MacKay ; cf . Arrild Hintfield, Danish Chronicle, 
 printed in 1599 ; Musa Aberdonensis.) 
 
 1556 M. DAVIDSON, WILLELMUS. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, 
 
 P- 32.) 
 1556 M. DAVIDSON, WILLELMUS, Presbyter. (Aberdeen Friars, 
 
 p. 82.) 
 
 1511 M. DICKSON, THO., Praepositus de Guthrie. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 37890 
 
 1504 M. DICKSON, THO., Rect. de Edvy. (Reg. M.S. 2801.) 
 1510 M. DICKSON, THO., R. de Dunbar. (Reg. P.S. 2119.) 
 
 1512 M. DICKSON, THOMAS, Dean of Lestalrig, R. of Bute. 
 
 (Orig. Paroch. ii. p. 222.) 
 
 1515 M. DIK, ALEX., Vic. de Methlak, infra ecclesiam Cathe- 
 dralem Aberdonen., sat in Council, 1549 (Statuta). 
 (Reg. P.S. 2619.) 
 
 1521 M. DIK, ALEXANDER, Rector de Durris, N.P. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 No. 212 and 3621.) 
 
 1524 M. DINGWALI, JOH., Sedis Apostolicae Prothonotarius, 
 Archidiac. Cathanens., R. de Strabrok, S 1 Andreae Dioc. 
 (Reg. M.S. p. 63 ; ibid. No. 180, p. 40.) 
 
 
MASTERS OF ARTS 111 
 
 1531 M. DINGWALL, JOH., Prothonotar. Apost. E. Collegiatae 
 
 S. Trinitatis prope Edinburgh. (Reg. M.S. 1028.) 
 1550 M. DINGWELL, ALEXANDER, Chaplain. (Origines Parochi- 
 
 ales, ii. 425.) 
 1531 M. DISCHINSON, DAVID, Rector of Aberdeen University, 
 
 Precentor of the Cathedral. (Officials of Aberdeen 
 
 University.) 
 
 1506 M. DOBY, JOH., Archidiaconus Dunblanen., Artium Magister. 
 
 (Reg. M.S. 3078.) 
 
 1505 M. DOUGLAS, ALEX., Capellanus B.M.V. of Castlehill, 
 Elgin. (Reg. P.S. 1328.) 
 
 1507 M. DOUGLAS, ALEX., Vic. de Lagan. (Reg. M.S. 3298.) 
 
 1538 M. DOUGLAS, DAVID, Presbyter et N.P. (Reg. ep. Morav. 
 
 p. 402 ; see Dowglas.) 
 
 1513 3oth Sept. M. DOUGLAS, GAWIN, Master of Arts, S. 
 Andrews, 1494, Provost of Collegiate Church of St. 
 Giles, made Burgess for the common good of the town. 
 (Edinb. Burgh Council Books ; Lee, Hist, of St. Giles.) 
 " Gawin Douglas took a leading part in the political 
 events that succeeded the great national disaster. He 
 was one of those chosen to advise the widowed queens, 
 and probably in recognition of his activity in the affairs 
 of the Kingdom, received the unwonted honour, for a 
 clergyman, of being made a burgess of Edinburgh on 
 the last day of September, 1513. We find the following 
 record in the Council books : ' Ane priest made burgess 
 Master Gawin Douglas, provost of the Collegiate Church 
 of this burgh is made a burgess gratis for the Common 
 good of the town.' " (Lee, Hist, of St. Giles ; Reg. 
 M.S. 3389.) 
 
 1508 M. DOUGLAS, HUGH, Decanus Brechin. (Reg. ep. Brechin. 
 
 161.) 
 1559 M. DOUGLAS, HUGH, Rector of Sowdoun. Origines 
 
 Parochiales, i. 528.) 
 1512 M. DOUGLAS, JAC., R. de Lymmolare. (Reg. P.S. 2407.) 
 
 1539 M. DOUGLAS, JOANNES, Vicarius de Galstone, Notarius. 
 
 (Antiquities of Aberdeenshire, p. 250.) 
 1575 M. DOUGLAS, PATRICK. Kept up the faith till about 1575. 
 
 (Bishop Kyle's MSS., Blairs College.) 
 1557 M. DOUGLAS, ROB., Praepositus de Lincluden. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 1220.) 
 1515 M. DOUGLAS, STEWEN, Commissary of Teviotdale. (Bain, 
 
 L. Protocollorum, 527.) 
 1527 M. DOUGLAS, WIL., Abbot of Halyrudhous. (Reg. P.S. 
 
 38390 
 
112 PKE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 1524 M. DOUGLAS, WILLIAM, Provost of Methven. (Reg. P.S. 
 
 3368.) 
 1540 M. DOWGLAS, JOHANNES, Vic. de Gastoun. (Reg. ep. 
 
 Morav. p. 405.) 
 1501 M. DRUMMOND, WALTER, Dean of Dunblane. (R. Renwick, 
 
 Stirling Charters, p. 57 ; Reg. M.S. No. 53.) 
 1515 M. DRUMMOND, WALT., Decanus Dunblanen. 
 1560 M. DUFF, JOHANNES. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 267.) 
 1532 M. DUFFUS, ADAM. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 99.) 
 
 1510 M. DUN, DAVID, Vicar-pensioner of Govan. (Bain, L. 
 
 Protocollorum, 461.) 
 1531 M. DUNBAR, ALEX., Decanus Moravien. (Reg. M.S. 1142.) 
 
 1540 M. DUNBAR, ALEX., Decanus Moravien. (Reg. M.S. 2237.) 
 1544 VENERABILIS VIR DOMINUS DUNBAR, ARCHIBALDUS, De- 
 
 danus Facult. Artium, Succentor Ecclesiae Metropol. 
 Glasguen. (Munimenta, ii. p. 296 (Maitland).) 
 
 1541 M. DUNBAR, DAVID, Chaplain, Parish of Kilmure, Madath. 
 
 (Origines Parochiales, ii. 460.) 
 
 1515 M. DUNBAR, GAWIN. (Reg. ep. Glasg. 491.) 
 
 1511 M. DUNBAR, GAVINUS, Archidiaconus St. Andreae, " Nos- 
 
 trorum Rotulorum Registri ac Concilii Clericus." (R. de 
 
 Panmure, vol. 2, f. 267 ; Chartulary of Balmerino, p. 
 
 504 ; Renwick, Stirling Charters, p. 57.) 
 1543 M. DUNBAR, GAVIN, Treasurer of Ross, d. 1546. (Origines 
 
 Parochiales, ii. 576.) 
 1549 M. DUNBAR, GEORGE, Vicar of Rosemarkie. (Orig. Paroch. 
 
 ii. 586.) 
 
 1546 M. DUNBAR, JAC., R. de Cumnok. (Reg. M.S. 3259.) 
 1513 M. DUNBAR, WILLIAM, St. Andrews. 
 1531 M. DUNCANSON, PATRICIUS. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, 
 
 p. 99.) 
 1539 M. DUNMORE, THO., R. de Kincardin. (Reg. M.S. 2043.) 
 
 1516 M. DUNYLL DE DALHOWANO, N.P. (Reg. ep. Glasg. 492.) 
 M. DUR^EUS, GEORGIUS, creatus licentiatus S. Theolog. 27 
 
 Nov. 1576, Praeside D. Rubo. (Knox, Records of the 
 
 English Catholics, vol. i. p. 274.) 
 M. DUR^EUS, JOANNES, Scotus, creatus licentiatus S. 
 
 Theolog. 27 Nov. 1576, Praeside D. Rubo. (Knox, 
 
 Records of Douay College.) 
 1539 M. ELDAR, ADAMUS, Artium Magister. (Antiquities of 
 
 Aberdeenshire, p. 237.) 
 1503-1562 M. ELDER, ANDREW, Presbyter, Notarius Publicus. 
 
 (Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 120 ; Reg. M.S. ; Laing's 
 
 Charters.) 
 
RECTOR OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PARIS. 
 DOCTOR OF THE SORBONNE. 
 
MASTERS OF ARTS 113 
 
 1556 M. ELDER, JOANNES. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 32.) 
 1556 M. ELDER, JOHANNES. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 555.) 
 
 1506 M. ELDARE, PATRICK, Chaplane. (Reg. P.S. 1277.) 
 1510 M. ELLEM, ROB., Vic. de Steuinstoun. (Reg. M.S. 3479.) 
 1533 M. ELLEM, ROB., R. de Hiltoun. (Reg. M.S. 1355.) 
 1542-49 M. ELPHINSTONE, Canon and Prebendary of Inner- 
 
 nochty, Rector of Aberdeen University. (Officials of 
 Aberdeen University.) 
 
 1507 M. ELPHINSTONE, PATRICK, Rector of University of Glas- 
 
 gow. (Coutts, H. of University of Glasgow, p. 19.) 
 
 1509 M. ELPHINSTOUNE, R. de Kincardin. (Reg. P.S. 1883.) 
 
 1510 M. ELPHINSTONE, ROBERT, Archdeacon of Ross. (Orig. 
 
 Parochiales, ii. 578.) 
 
 1511 M. ELPHINSTOUN, ROB., Thesaurarius Eccles. Abirdonen. 
 
 (Reg. M.S. 3795-) 
 1513 M. ELPHINSTONE, ROBERT, Canon of Aberdeen. (Bain, 
 
 L. Protocollorum, 559.) 
 1518 M. ELPHINSTON, ROBERT, Parson of Kincardine. (Reg. 
 
 M.S. p. 229.) 
 
 1552 M. ELPHINSTOUN, R. de Invernochtie. (Reg. M.S. 761.) 
 1531 M. ELPHINSTOUN, Thesaurarius Abirdonen. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 HOI.) 
 1545 M. ERSKEIN, ROBERT, Dean of Aberdeen. (Antiquities of 
 
 Aberdeenshire, p. 348.) 
 
 1540 M. ERSKIN, Abbas de Driburgh. (Reg. M.S. 2321.) 
 
 1510 M. ERSKINE, ALEXANDER, R. of Monyabro. (Bain, L. 
 
 Protocollorum.) 
 1500 M. ERSKIN, ROBERT, Rector de Murtle. (Reg. M.S. No. 
 
 2539-) 
 
 1541 M. ERSKINE, ROB., Decanus Abirdon. (Reg. M.S. 2439.) 
 1527 M. ERSKIN, THOMAS, Secretarius Regis. (Eraser, M. of 
 
 Montgomeries, i. 106.) 
 
 1541-2 M. ERSKIN, WIL., R. de Duchell. (Reg. M.S. 2598.) 
 1536 M. FARQUHAR, RODERIC, Rector of Kilcosane. (Orig. 
 
 Paroch. ii. 273.) 
 1500 M. FENTOUN, JACOBUS, Thesaurarius Dunkelden. (Reg. 
 
 M.S. 2568, 3098.) 1514, Master Mason to the Crown. 
 
 (Scott Myln, Master Masons to the Crown, p. 26.) 
 1500-1505 M. FENTOUN, WALTERUS, Cancellarius Brechinen. 
 
 (Reg. P.S. 1221 ; Reg. Episc. Brechin. vol. i. p. 109 ; ii. 
 
 p. 277.) 
 1506-1514 M. FERNE, GEORGE, Archdeacon, Master Mason to 
 
 the Crown. (Scott Myln, Master Masons to the Crown, 
 
 pp. 19, 26.) 
 
 H 
 
114 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 1525 M. FERNE, GEO., Precentor Brechinen. (Reg. M.S. No. 
 340, p. 76.) 
 
 1509 M. FERQUHAR, JAC., Capellanus. (Reg. M.S. 3820.) 
 1560-1575 M. FINLASON . . . Priest of Dunblane. (F. Innes' 
 
 MSS.) 
 1527 M. FINLAY, alias LENNOX, Capellanus S. Michaelis infra 
 
 Castellum de Rothissay. (Reg. P.S. 3790.) 
 1557 M. FINNY, THOMAS, N.P. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 
 
 526.) 
 1529 M. FISCHEAR, NIEL, Rector of Kilmalew (Inverary). (Orig. 
 
 Paroch. ii. p. 85 ; Reg. M.S. 1025.) 
 
 1505 M. FLEMYNG, MICHAEL, Preb. of Ancrum. (Bain, Lib. 
 
 Protocollorum. p. 337.) 
 
 1517 M. FOGO, JACOBUS, Capellanus. (Fraser, Mem. of Mont- 
 gomeries, i. 87.) 
 
 1550 M. FORBES, JOHANNES, de Barnis. (Antiquities of Aber- 
 deen, p. 447.) 
 
 1544 M. FORBES, Ric., Decan. Abirdon. (Reg. M.S. 3114; 
 P. J. Anderson, Aberdeen Friars, p. 91 ; A.D. 1553.) 
 
 1509 M. FORBES, WALTERUS, Ecclesiae Dunb. Canonicus. (Reg. 
 
 M.S. 3398.) 
 
 1496 M. FORBES, WILLIAM. (Laing's Charters.) 
 
 1510 M. FORMAN, JOHN, Precentor of Glasgow. (Herkless, 
 
 Archbishops of St. Andrews, vol. i. p. 42.) 
 1503 M. FOREMAN, ROBERT. (Bain, L. Protocollorum, p. 297.) 
 
 1506 M. FOREMAN, ROB., Cantor de Glasgow. (Reg. M.S. 3007.) 
 1509 M. FOREMAN, Decanus Glasguen. (Reg. P.S. 1814.) 
 
 1507 M. FORESTORE, Prepositus de Corstorphine. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 3090.) 
 1552 M. FORREST, ALEX., R. de Logy, Montrose. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 761.) 1556, Provost of Kirk of Field. (Laing's Char- 
 ters.) 
 1566 Feb. M. FORREST, JOHN, Protonotary, Secretary to the 
 
 Primate. (Tytler's Vindication, Appendix, pp. 25 ; 
 
 Edinburgh Review, Jan. 1864, p. 198.) 
 
 1549 M. FORRET, ALEX., Prep, de Foulis. (Reg. M.S. 361.) 
 1538 M. FORSITH, HEN., R. de Monymusk. (Reg. M.S. 1950.) 
 1500 M. FORSYTH, THOMAS, Rector Universitatis Glasg., Canon of 
 
 Ross. (Munimenta, p. 277 (Maitland) ; Coutts, H. of 
 
 University of Glasgow, p. 19.) 
 
 1511 M. FORSYTH, THOMAS, Canon of Ross. (Bain, L. Proto- 
 
 collorum, 338.) 
 
 1559 M. FOSTARIS, ROBERT, Chaplanne. (Munimenta. i. p. 44 
 (Maitland).) 
 
MASTERS OF ARTS 115 
 
 1505 M FOTHERINGHAMME, KAROLUS, R. de Agzell, Art. Mag. 
 
 (Reg. M.S. 2838.) 
 
 1521 M. FOULAR, ANDREW. (Laing's Charters, 331.) 
 1512 M. FOULLIS, JACOBUS, Edinburgensis. (Univ. of Orleans, 
 
 Miscell. Hist. Soc. of Scotland.) 
 
 1533 M. FOULIS, JACOBUS, Clericus Registri et Concilii. (Reg. 
 M.S. 1308.) 
 
 1531 M. FOULIS, JACOBUS. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 97.) 
 
 1533 M. FOULIS, WIL., Praepositus Ecclesiae Collegiatse de 
 Bothuil. (Reg. M.S. 1322.) 
 
 1571 13 Feb. M. FRASER, DONALDUS, Archidiaconus Rossen. 
 qui occisus fuit apud Alfurd. (Records of Inverness, 
 p. xci, A.D. 1565 ; Bp. Forbes' Calendar of Scottish 
 Saints, p. xxvii.) 
 
 1554 M. FRASER, JOHANNES, Vicarius de Rothie, N.P. (Anti- 
 quities of Aberdeen, pp. 99, 583, 628.) 
 
 M. FRASER, JOHN, Rector of the University of Paris (1596), 
 died in Paris at an advanced age, igth April, 1609. 
 (See Bibliography ; Crawfurd's Lives of Officers of 
 State in Scotland, p. 282 ; Letters of Colville, ed. Ban. 
 Club, p. xxvii.) 
 
 1553 M. FRASER, WILLIAM, N.P. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, 
 pp. 587, 648.) 
 
 1504 M. FYFF, ALEXANDER, Chaplain of the Altar of St. Nicholas. 
 (P. J. Anderson, Aberdeen Friars, p. 63.) 
 
 1525 M. FYFFE, John, Curatus et Sacrista about 1525. (Herkless, 
 H. of St. Leonard's, p. 99.) 
 
 1560 M. FYFFE, THOMAS. (Herkless, H. of St. Leonard's, p. 99.) 
 
 1527 M. GADERAR, THOMAS, Vic. de Name. (Reg. ep. Morav. 
 p. 396.) 
 
 1552 M. GALBRATH, PETER, N.P. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, 
 P- 483-) 
 
 1530-8 M. GALBRAITH, ROB., Rector de Spot. (Reg. M.S. 
 981, 1952.) 
 
 1532 M. GALLWIE, ALEXANDER, Rector de Kinkell. (Antiquities 
 of Aberdeen, p. 99.) 
 
 NOTE Alexander Galloway, Rector of Kinkell, 
 Rector of Aberdeen University from 1516 to 1549 was 
 the architect of the Greyfriars Church in Aberdeen. 
 He was closely associated with Bishop Dunbar in most 
 of his munificent structural undertakings and enjoyed 
 a high reputation in the north of Scotland as an archi- 
 tect of ecclesiastical buildings. (Reg. episc. Aberd. ii. 
 612 ; Bryce, p. 382 ; Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 99.) 
 
116 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 1509 M. GALLOWAY, ALEX., Archidiaconus S. Andreae. (Reg- 
 
 P.S. 1841.) 
 
 1507 M. GALLOWAY, ALEX., Vic. de Bothelny. (Reg. M.S. 3128.) 
 1578 M. GALLOWAY, ANDREW, Principal of Aberdeen College; d. 
 
 1578. (Bishop Kyle's MSS., Blairs College.) 
 1536 M. GARDEN, JAMES, Rector de Tiry. (Antiquities of 
 
 Aberdeenshire, p. 68 1.) 
 
 1507 M. GARDIN, DAVID, Vic. de Fernewel. (Reg. Episc. Brech. 
 
 ii. p. 158.) 
 1521 M. GARDNER, JOHN, Presbyter, St. Andrews. (Laing's 
 
 Charters.) 
 
 1511 M. GARDYN, JOH., Rect. de Lundy. (Reg. M.S. 3737.) 
 1511 M. GARDYNE, ALEX., Vic. de Manys. (Reg. M.S. 3674.) 
 1544 M. GARTULE, JAC., R. de Glas., N.P. (Reg. M.S. 3157.) 
 1576 M. GAW, ALEX., Presbyter, N.P. (Reg. M.S. p. 79.) 
 
 1535 M. GIBSON, DAVID, Vicar of Colmanel (Deanery of Carrick). 
 
 (Munimenta, ii. p. 286 (Maitland).) 
 1542-47 M. GIBSON, DAVID. (Fraser, Mem. of Montgomeries, 
 
 i. p. 141.) 
 1547 M. GIBSON, HENRY. (Laing's Charters, pp. 668, 709.) 
 
 1503 M. GIBSON, JOHN, Rector of Renfrew. (Bain, L. Proto- 
 
 collorum, p. 298.) 
 1547 M. GIBSON, JOANNES, R. of Unthank. (Antiquities of 
 
 Aberdeen, p. 250.) 
 M. GIBSON, RICHARD, Vicar of Ancrum. (Orig. Paroch. 
 
 vol. i. p. 526.) 
 1529 M. GIBSON, WILLELMUS, Decanus de Restalrig. (Reg. ep. 
 
 Morav. p. 418.) 
 1532 M. GIBSON, WILL., Dean of Collegiate Church of Dunbar. 
 
 (MS. Register House, Edinburgh.) 
 
 1504 M. GIFFERD, ALEX., R. de Newlands. (Reg. M.S. 2789.) 
 1547 M. GIFFERT, JOHN, Prebendary of Commiscure. (Orig. 
 
 Paroch. ii. p. 425.) 
 
 1527 M. GIFFURDE, JOHN, Persone of Tullialoun, Ane of the 
 clerks of the King's Closet. (Reg. P.S. 3845.) 
 
 1536 M. M'GILBERTYNE, MARTIN, Rector of Kilconnane. (Orig. 
 
 Paroch. ii. 273.) 
 1561 M. GLEDSTANIS, JOANNES, Juris Utrisque Licentiatus. 
 
 1508 M. GLEDSTANIS, HERBERT, Rector Ecclesiag Paroch. .ae 
 
 Drono (Glasguen.). (Reg. M.S. 3335.) 
 
 1529 M. GODERAS, THOM., Vic. de Name. (Reg. M.S. 820.) 
 1507 M. GOLDEMYLL, JOHN, Vic. of Cathkert and Eastwood. 
 
 (Bain, L. Protocollorum, 367.) 
 
MASTERS OF ARTS 117 
 
 1500 M. GORDON, ADAM, Precentor Moraviensis. (Register Char- 
 
 tarum Aberd. p. 518.) 
 1538 M. GORDON, ADAM, Dean of Catheness. (Reg. of Duffus, 
 
 Orig. Paroch. ii. p. 517.) 
 1507 M. GORDON, ALEX., Preb. of Lunmey, Canon of Aberdeen. 
 
 (Reg. P.S. 1611.) Vicar. Eccles. Paroch. Aberd. (Reg. 
 
 P.S. 2728.) 
 
 1565 M. GORDON, JACOBUS, of Huntly, S.J. See Bibliography. 
 1559 M. GORDON, JAC., Parson of Lunmey. (Keith, p. 74.) 
 1535 M. GORDON, JAC., Cancellarius Morav. (Reg. Aberd. p. 
 
 628.) 
 1507-8 M. GORDON, JAC., Canon of Aberdeen. (Reg. P.S. 1611.) 
 
 1532 M. GORDON, GEORGE, de Schiues. (Antiquities of Aber- 
 
 deen, p. 99.) 
 1540 M. GORDON, JOHN, Vic. de Keith. (R.M.S. 3280 ; J. 
 
 Robertson, Antiquities of Aberdeen, pp. 225, 250.) 
 1500 M. GORDON, JOHN, Vicarius de Striueling. (Reg. P.S. 
 
 2572 ; Reg. Aberd. p. 518.) 
 1582 M. GORDON, Chancellor of Murray. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, 
 
 pp. 56, 483.) 
 
 1557 M. GORDON, JOHN, Vic. de Kyncardin. (Reg. ep. Morav. 
 
 P- 392.) 
 
 1516 M. GORDON, JOHN, Vic. de Philorth., N.P. (Antiquities 
 of Aberdeen, p. 95.) 
 
 1558 M. GORDON, ROGERUS, Decanus Dunblanen. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 I333-) 
 
 1546 M. GORDON, WILL., R. de Duthall, N.P. (Reg. M.S. 3157 ; 
 Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 234.) 
 
 1552 M. GORDON, WILL., Treasurer of Caithness, held the office 
 till 1564 or later. (C. Innes, Orig. Paroch. vol. ii. p. ii. 
 620.) 
 
 1533 M. GORDON, WIL., R. de Arbuthnot. (Reg. M.S. 1295.) 
 
 1543 M. GORDON, WIL., Artium Professor, Clericus Moraviensis, 
 Sacra Apostolica Authoritate, N.P. (Antiquities of 
 Aberdeen, p. 482.) 
 
 1525 M- GORRY, GILBERTUS, Presbyter. (Fraser, Mem. of Mont- 
 
 gomeries, i. 103.) 
 
 1526 M. GRAHAM, ROB., Canonicus Dunkelden. (Reg. P.S. 
 
 3512.) 
 1503 M. GRAHAM, PAT., de Killerny. (Reg. M.S. 2723.) 
 
 1557 M. GRAHAME, PATRICIUS, R. de Kilmoir. (Reg. M.S. 
 1214.) 
 
 1530 M. GRAHAME, ROB., Vic. de Drymnon. (Reg. M.S. 969.) 
 
118 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 1493 M. GRANT, THOMAS, Canonicus et Officialis Morav. (J. 
 
 Robertson, Illustrations, etc., vol. ii. p. 225.) 
 1554 M. GRAY, JAC. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 364.) 
 
 1506 M. GRAY, JOANNES, Author of "Thesauri theologorum . . . 
 opus correctum per Joannem Gray de Scotia, artium et 
 theologiae doctoris. Mediolani, 1506." (British Museum, 
 1226, b. 30.) 
 
 15... M. GRAY, ROBERT, Regent of Aberdeen University. (Officials 
 
 of Aberdeen University, pp. 50, 354.) 
 1525 April M. GRAYE, ROBERT, Doctor of Medicine and Bachelor 
 
 of Canon Law, St. Andrews Diocese. (Miscell. Hist. Scot. 
 
 Soc. vol. ii. 47-114.) 
 
 1520 M. GREGORY, WILLIAM, Doctor of Sorbonne, studied at 
 Montagu College, Paris; Professor at Toulouse, where 
 Bale visited him in 1527. (Bale, Scriptorum Illustrium.) 
 
 1508 M. GREYNLAW, NICHOLAS, Prebendary of Edulfistoun. 
 (Bain, L. Protocollorum, 421.) 
 
 1549 M. GRYSON, JOHN, Professor of Holy Scripture. 
 
 1541-1553 M. GUILD, DAVID, Professor of the Liberal Arts, 
 Dean of Faculty of St. Andrews. (Herkless, H. of St. 
 Leonard's College, 220.) 
 
 1557 M. GUTHRIE, DAVID, son of Dominus James Guthrie, 
 Sollicitator, Rossensis episcopi, educated at Glasgow. 
 (Laing's Charters, p. 272 ; Hewison, Cert. Tract. Hist. 
 Society, p. 122.) 
 
 1505 M. GUTHRIE, DAVID, Prepositus Collegii B.V.M. de Guthre. 
 (Reg. M.S. 2910.) 
 
 1541 M. GUTHRIE, HUGH, Prebendary. (Orig. Paroch. ii. p. 426.) 
 1523 M. GUDDAL, WALT., Vic. de Strabrak. (Reg. M.S. p. 52.) 
 
 1542 M. GYBSOUN, DAVID, Chaplain. (Laing's Charters, p. 459 ; 
 
 Reg. P.S.) 
 1562 M. HABERTSOUNE, Vicarius de Abruthven. (Fraser, Mem. 
 
 of Montgomeries, i. p. 170.) 
 1507 M. HAKERSTOUN, THO., Praepositus [ecclesiae] de Creichtoun. 
 
 (Reg. M.S. 3121.) 
 1541 M. HALYBURTON, DAVID, Provost of Methuen, who held 
 
 the prebend of Urray from 1541 to 1561, or longer. 
 
 (Orig. Paroch. vi. 518.) 
 1539 M. HALIBURTOUN, DAVID, Succentor Rossensis. (Reg. 
 
 ep. Glasg.) 
 1576 M. HALYBURTON, Provost of Dundee. (Reg. de Panmure, 
 
 P- 3I5-) 
 1546 M. HAMILTOUN, ALAN, Capellaiius, N.P. (Reg. M.S. 53.) 
 
MASTERS OF ARTS 119 
 
 1506 M. HAMILTON, ALEXANDER, Canon of Glasgow. (Bain, 
 
 L. Protocollorum, 356.) 
 
 1507 M. HAMILTON, ALEX., Prebend, of Castelstaris. (Bain, L. 
 
 Protocollorum, p. 385.) 
 
 1548 M. HAMILTON, ANDREW, Vicar of Rothesay. (Orig. Paroch. 
 
 ii. 222.) 
 
 1549 M. HAMILTON, GAVIN, Dean, Metropolit. Church of Glasgow. 
 
 (D. Patrick, Statuta, p. 86.) 
 1504 M. HAMILTON, JAMES. (R. Renwick, Stirling Charters, 
 
 p. 66.) 
 1546 M. HAMILTON, JOHN, of Mylburne, Treasurer. (Orig. 
 
 Paroch. ii. 576.) 
 1529 M. HAMILTON, JOHN, Rector of the Church of Torrens. 
 
 (C. Innes, Orig. Paroch. i. p. 100.) 
 1512 M. HAMILTON, JOHN, St. Andrews. (Miscell. Hist. Soc. 
 
 Scot. ii. p. 47.) 
 
 1553 M. HAMILTON, NINIAN. (Laing's Charters, p. 259.) 
 
 1507 M. HAMILTON, ROBERT, Dean of University of Glasgow. 
 
 (Coutts, H. of Univ. of Glasgow, p. 19 ; Orig. Paroch. 
 
 i. 504.) 
 1504 M. HAMILTON, ROB., R. de Bedermok. (Reg. M.S. 2816.) 
 
 1507 M. HAMMYLTOUN, ROB., Artium Magister. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 3I47-) 
 
 1546 M. HAMMILTOUN, ROB., R. de Kincarne. (Reg. M.S. 53.) 
 
 1557 M. HAMMYLTON, ROBERTUS, R. de Bauthenok, Decanus 
 Facultatis Artium. (Munimenta, i. p. 43 (Maitland).) 
 
 1544 M. HAMMYLTON, Chaplain and Not. Public. (Fraser, M. 
 of Montgomeries, i. p. 141.) 
 
 1547 M. HAMILTON, WILL. (Laing's Charters, 526.) 
 
 1536 M. HAMMYLTON, WILLELMUS, Decanus Facultatis. (Muni- 
 menta, ii. p. 286 (Maitland).) 
 1515 M. HAMILTON, WILL., Vic. of Striueling. (Reg. P.S. 2572.) 
 
 1540 M. HAMMILTON, WILLELMUS, Vicarius de Innerkip. (Muni- 
 menta, Glasgow (Maitland).) 
 
 1554 M. HARVEY, ANDREW. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 354.) 
 
 1508 M. HARVYE, Jo., R. de Bennom, Artium Magister. (Reg. 
 
 M.S. 3121.) 
 
 1526 M. HASWELL, JAC., Preb. de Creiff, Dioc. Dunkelden. 
 
 (Reg. P.S. 3588.) 
 
 1509 M. HASWELL, JACOBUS, Capellanus Capellae S. Katerine, 
 
 infra Castellum de Edinburgh. (Reg. P.S. 1966.) 
 
 1527 M. HASWELL, JAMES, Rector of Kirkblane. (Orig. Paroch. 
 
 vol. ii. part i. p. 9.) 
 
120 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 1529 M. HASWELL, JAMES, Chaplain of St. Margaret in the 
 Castle of Edinburgh, Prior of Bewlie. (Orig. Paroch. 
 P- 5"-) 
 
 15... M. HAY, ALEX., Rector of Aberdeen University. (Officials 
 of Aber. Univ.) 
 
 1514 M. HAY, ALEX., Rector de Turref. (Reg. M.S. p. 4, No. 17.) 
 
 1527 M. HAY, ALEX., Precentor Dunkelden. (Reg. M.S. p. 107.) 
 1556 M. HAY, ANDREW, Prebend, de Renfrew. (Reg. ep. Glasg. 
 
 525-) 
 
 1539 M. HAY, ARCHIBALD. Was made Principal soon after 
 
 Cardinal Beaton's death. He appears to have excelled 
 most of his countrymen at that time in learning and 
 liberal views. (See Bibliography.) 
 
 1541-2 M. HAY, EDMUNDUS, R. de Eidvy. (Reg. M.S. 2616.) 
 
 1564 M. HAY, EDMUND, Rector of the College de Clermont, 
 Paris. 
 
 Edmund Hay censured the license of some of the 
 clergy. Many, like Lesley and Major, were warm friends 
 of union with England ; only at a change of doctrine they 
 paused. The new erudition had for them no terrors ; 
 many of them could read the classical and sacred writers 
 in the original Greek and Hebrew. 
 
 1540 M. HAY, GEO., Rector de Ruthvane. 
 
 1517 M. HAY, JAC., Postulate de Dundrinanne. (Reg. M.S. 
 p. 31.) In decretis Doctor. (Theiner, Vetera Monu- 
 menta, p. 537.) 
 
 1526 M. HAY, JOHN, Provost of Guthrie. (Antiquities of 
 Aberdeen, p. 405.) 
 
 1528 M. HAY, JOH., de Smithfield. (Reg. M.S. 700.) 
 
 1504 M. HAY, JOHANNES, N.P. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, 
 
 PP- 335. 468.) 
 1520 M. HAY, JOHN, Chaplain. (Officials of Aber. Univ. p. 50.) 
 
 1529 M. HAY, THOMAS, Vic. de Duffus. (Reg. ep. Morav. p. 
 
 430-) 
 
 1536 M. HAY, WILLIAM, Principal of King's College. (Officials 
 and Graduates of Aber. Univ.) 
 
 1539 M. HAY, WIL., Vic. de Migwe. (Reg. M.S. 1980.) 
 1545-1559 M. HAY, WILLIAM, parson of Turreff, schoolfellow of 
 Boece at Dundee, afterwards his colleague and successor 
 in the King's College of Aberdeen. In honour of the 
 Trinity, the Virgin Mary, St. Gowan founds a rent for 
 the chaplain of the Cathedral for praying for his soul. 
 (Chartulary of Balmerino, p. 160 ; Boece, Aberdonensium 
 Episcoporum Vitae, p. 60 ; Keith, p. 72.) 
 
MASTERS OF ARTS 121 
 
 1602 M. HENDERSON, JOANNES, Theologus, Scholse Aberdonen., 
 Praefectus. He was a friend of Dr. James Cheyne, to 
 whom he erected a monument in the Cathedral at 
 Tournai, 2jth Oct., 1602. 
 
 M. HENDIRSONE, WILLIAM, sometime prior to the Black- 
 friars in Striveling. (Reg. P.C. vol. ii. p. 575.) 
 
 1500 M. HENRISON, ROBERT, Licentiate in Arts and Bachelor in 
 Decrees, Schoolmaster at Dunfermline. 
 
 1547 M. HEPBURN, ALEXANDER, Rector de Ryne. (Reg. ep. 
 Morav. p. 411.) 
 
 1503-4 M. HEPBURN, GEORGE, Provost of Lincludane. (Reg. 
 P.S. 1017 ; Reg. M.S. p. 40.) 
 
 1521-1528 M. HEPBURN, GEORGE, Decanus Dunkeldensis. (Reg. 
 M.S. 587 ; Miscell. Hist. Scot. Soc. ii. p. 47.) 
 
 1516 M. HEPBURN, JAC., R. de Partoun, Moravien. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 7i.) 
 1554 M. HEPBURNE, JACOBUS, Decanus Dunkelden. Sat in 
 
 Council, 1549. (Reg. ep. Morav. p. 411 ; Eraser, M. of 
 
 Montgomeries, i. 117.) 
 
 1521 Jan. M. HEPBURN, JOHN, St. Andrews Diocese. (Miscell. 
 Hist. Scot. Soc. ii. pp. 47-114.) 
 
 X 539 M. HEPBURN, JOHANNES, Rector de Dairy. (Reg. ep. 
 Morav. p. 419.) 
 
 1552 M. HEPBURN, JOHANNES, Thesaurarius. (Reg. Episc. 
 Brechin.) 
 
 1513 M. HEPBURNE, WIL., V. de Linlithgow. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 3892.) 
 1557 M. HEPBURN, WILLIAM, Dean ; d. 1565. (Orig. Paroch. 
 
 ii. 617.) 
 
 1516 M, HERREIS, WIL., Presbyter et Not. Publicus. (Reg. 
 M.S. p. 20.) 
 
 1507 M. HERING, JAC., R. de Tonygarth. (Reg. P.S. 1535.) 
 1511 M. HERING, JAC., Thesaurarius Rossen. (Reg. M.S. 3716.) 
 1509 M. HERIOT, ARCHIBALD, R. of Kirktoun. (Bain. L. Proto- 
 
 collorum, 449.) 
 1507 M. HERIOT, JAMES, Vicar of the Church of St. Michael, 
 
 Dumfries. (Univ. of Orleans, Miscell. Hist. Soc. of 
 
 Scotland.) 
 
 1500 M. HERIOT, ROBERTUS, Canonicus Glasguen. (Reg. ep. 
 Glasg.) 
 
 1503 M. HERIOT, ROBERT, de Askirk, Can. Eccles. Glasguen. 
 (Reg. M.S. 2723.) 
 
 1534 M. HOPPINGILL, R. de Moirhame. (Reg. M.S. 1406.) 
 
122 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 1528 M. HOUSTON, JAMES, Rector of the University of Glasgow. 
 Founded the Collegiate Church of Glasgow in 1528 in 
 honour of our Lady the Blessed Virgin and St. Anne. 
 (Liber Collegii Nostrae Dominae et S. Anna? (Maitland 
 Club).) 
 
 1511 M. HOUSTON, JOHN, Chaplain of St. Michael's Altar at 
 
 Peebles. (Gunn, Book of Peebles Church, p. 95.) 
 1540 M. HOUSTON, JOHN, Vicarius de Ruthirglen. (Munimenta 
 
 Glasg. (Maitland).) 
 1551 M. HOUSTON, JOHANNES, Vic. de Dunlop. (Munimenta, 
 
 ii. 297 (Maitland).) 
 1547 M. HOUSTONE, JOHN, Vicar of Glasgow. (C. Innes, Orig. 
 
 Parochiales, Glasgow ad annum 1547.) 
 
 1519 M. HOUSTON, PETER, of the Diocese of Dunkeld. (Univ. 
 of Orleans, Miscell. Hist. Soc. of Scotland.) 
 
 1525 M. HOWSTOUNE, Vic. de Estwood. (Reg. ep. Glasg. 
 496.) 
 
 1556 M. HOWSTOUNE, Vic. of Glasgow, Dene of Faculty. (Muni- 
 menta, i. 6 1 (Maitland).) 
 
 1512 M. HUCHESON, JOHN, Vic. of Kirkbeans. (Bain, L. Proto- 
 
 collorum, 532.) 
 
 1513 M. HUCHUNSON, JOHN, Vicar of Dumfries. (Bain, L. 
 
 Protocollorum, 558.) 
 
 1512 M. HUCHESON, RICHARD, Dioc. of Glasgow. (Bain, L. 
 Protocollorum, 532.) 
 
 1509 M INGLIS, ALEX., Vic. de Couper. (Reg. ep. Glasg.) 
 
 1483 M. INGLIS, ALEXANDER, Decretorum Doctor. (M. Bryce, 
 Black Friars of Edinburgh, p. 83.) 
 
 1547 M. INNES, WALTER, Vicar of Thurso (1547-1566). (Orig. 
 
 Paroch. ii. p. 748.) 
 
 1539 M. INNES, JOHANNES, Vic. of Elgin. (Reg. ep. Morav. 
 p. 420.) 
 
 1533 M. INNES, JOHN, R. of Kirkmichell ; d. 1547. (Orig. 
 Paroch. ii. 556.) 
 
 1508 M. INNES, ANDRO. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 333.) 
 
 1548 M. IRELAND, Vic. de TurrefL (Reg. M.S. 308.) 
 
 M. IRELAND, JOHN. James IV. speaks of him as his 
 ambassador abroad and his counsellor at home, and 
 describes him as a Doctor of Theology of Paris. (Herk- 
 less, i. p. 135.) 
 
 1530 M. IRLAND, JOHN. (Orig. Paroch. ii. 752.) 
 
 1515-16 M. IRLAND, JOHN, Vic. de Perth, N.P. (Reg. M.S. 
 n. 57-) 
 
MASTERS OF ARTS 123 
 
 1503 M. IRELAND, WILL., Channoun de Dunkeld. (Reg. P.S. 
 999-) 
 
 1524 M. IRWIN, JOHN, R. de Benhome. (Reg. M.S. p. 64.) 
 
 1520 M. IRWING, JOANNES, Capellanus. (Antiquities of Aber- 
 deen, p. 344.) 
 
 1514 M. JACKSON, JOHN, Vic. of Ardurnes. (Orig. Paroch. ii. 
 702.) 
 
 1557. M. JACKSON, JOHN, Chancellor of Caithness. (Orig. Paroch. 
 ii. 619.) 
 
 1518 M. JOHNSTONS, WILLIAM, of St. Andrews Diocese. (Univ. 
 of Orleans, Miscell. Hist. Soc. of Scotland.) 
 
 1567 M. JOHNSTONE, WILLIAM, Ancrum. (Reg. P.C. i. 569.) 
 
 1531 M. JOHNSTOUN, WILLIAM, Presbyter Aberdonensis Dioc., 
 Publicus Auct. Apost. Notarius. (Antiquities of Aber- 
 deen, vol. ii. p. 326.) 
 
 1510 M. KEELSON, Vic. of Colononell. (Bain, L. Protocollorum, 
 485.) 
 
 1542 M. KEITH, ALEX. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 596.) 
 
 1531 M. KEITH, AND., Rector de Philorth. (Reg. M.S. 1101.) 
 
 1543 M. KEITH, DAVID. (Antiquities of Aberdeen.) 
 
 1532 M. KEITH, GEORGIUS, Rector de eodem. (Reg. M.S. 1217.) 
 1542 M. KEITH, ROBERT, Rector of Dunnet ; d. c. 1542. (Orig. 
 
 Paroch. ii 789.) 
 1537 M. KEITH, ROBERTUS, Abbas Deir, Germanus Comitis 
 
 Mareschalli. (Antiquities of Aberdeen and Banff ; 
 
 Visitation of Deir, p. 19.) 
 1545 M. KELLO, BARTHOLOMEW. (Laing's Charters, pp. 490, 
 
 493-) 
 
 1525 M. KENIDE, Vicarius de Terreglis. (Reg. ep. Glasg. 500.) 
 1505 M. KENNEDY, ALEX., in Medicinis Doctor. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 2838.) 
 
 1528 M. KENNEDY, ALLANUS, Vic. de Sorby. (Reg. M.S. 700.) 
 1536 M. KENNEDY, DAVID, Decanus de Carrik. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 1606.) 
 1522 M. KENNEDY, GILBERT. Gives great sommes of money to 
 
 the bigging supportation and reparation of the Uni- 
 versity of Glasgow. (Coutts, Hist, of the Univ. of 
 
 Glasgow, p. 35.) 
 1554 M. KENNEDY, JAC., Cancellarius Dunblanen. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 1007.) 
 1554 M. KENNEDY, JOHANNES, Notarius Publicus. (Keith, p. 
 
 77 ; Antiquities of Aberdeen.) 
 M. KENNEDY, QUENTIN, Commendator of Crossraguell. 
 
 (See Bibliography.) 
 
124 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 1520-25 M. KENNEDY, WALTER, R. of Douglas. (Orig. Paroch. 
 
 p. 133 ; Reg. ep. Glasg. 525.) 
 1510 M. KER, GEORGIUS, R. de Old Roxburgh. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 3443-) 
 1539 M. KER, GEO., Prepositus de Dunglas. (Reg. M.S. 2008.) 
 
 1506 M. KER, GEO., Vic. de Langtoun, Artium Magister. (Reg. 
 
 M.S. 3078.) 
 
 1582 M. KERR, MARCUS, Sacerdos bonus operarius in Scotia ; 
 d. 1595. Romse. (Douai Diary, p. 3 (New Spalding 
 Club).) 
 
 1507 M. KER, MATHO, V. of Petirculter. (W Fraser, M. of 
 
 Montgomeries, i. 69.) 
 
 1506 M. KER, THO., de Vethame, Facultatis Artium Magister. 
 (Reg. M.S. 3078.) 
 
 1547 M. KERR, THOMAS, Rector of Dingwell. (Orig. Paroch. 
 ii. p. 484.) 
 
 1547 M. KERR, THOMAS, Chaplain of Cathedral Church of Ross. 
 (Orig. Paroch. ii. 584.) 
 
 1529 M. KER, WILL., Rector de Auld Roxburgh. Reg. M.S. 
 852.) 
 
 1516 M. KNOLLIUS, JAC., Canon Rossen. (Reg. M.S. n. 113, 
 p. 24.) 
 
 1528 M. KNOLLIS (or KNOWIS), Canon of Ross. (Orig. Paroch. 
 ii. 468.) 
 
 1544 M. KYD, ANDREW. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 431.) 
 
 1534 M. KYNNINMOND, S tL Andreae Dioc. (Fraser, M. of Mont- 
 gomeries, i. 121.) 
 
 1566-7 M. LACOK, JOHN, Prebender of Capeth. (R. Myln, 
 Master Masons to the Crown, p. 19.) 
 
 1526 M. LAMB, WILLELMUS, R. de Convethe (Inverness-shire). 
 
 (Reg. M.S. n. 340, p. 76.) 
 
 1556 M. LAMONTH, ROBERT, Rector of Kilmaden. (Orig. Paroch. 
 ii. p. 56.) 
 
 1527 M. LANGMURE, GEORGE, Vic. of Kirkpatrick. (Reg. P.S. 
 
 3743 ; R.M.S. p. 40.) 
 
 1510-11 M. LAUDER, DAVID, Vicar of Ersildoun. (Laing's 
 Charters, p. 212.) 
 
 1550 M. LAUDER, JOHN, Parson of Morebattle. (M. Bryce, 
 Black Friars of Edinburgh, p. 47.) 
 
 1521 M. LAUDER, JOHN, Artium Magister, clericus S 1 Andreae 
 dioc., publicus sacris apostolic, et imperiali auctoritatibus 
 notarius ac in officio scriptorum archivii Romanae 
 ecclesiie matriculatus, Secretary to Archbishop Fore- 
 man. (Fraser, Mem. of Montgomeries, i. 93.) 
 
MASTERS OF ARTS 125 
 
 THE FORMULARE. 
 
 Among the MSS. in the possession of the University 
 of St. Andrews there is a book compiled by a notary 
 who lived during the half century before the Reforma- 
 tion (twelve hundred pages). Robertson, in preparing 
 the " Statuta Ecclesiae Scoticanee," extracted much 
 valuable material ; but he did not have time, apparently, 
 to peruse all that was of importance, and there still 
 remains a considerable mass of information regarding 
 the usages of the Scottish Church which adds not a 
 little to our knowledge. The compiler of the " Formu- 
 lare " was none other than John Lauder, Notary by 
 Apostolic Authority, who acted as Secretary to Cardinal 
 Beaton. He did not begin his laborious compilation 
 till after Foreman's death. (Herkless, Archbishops of 
 St. Andrews, vol. ii. p. 124.) 
 
 1516 M. LAUDER, ROBERTUS, Capellanus. (Reg. de Panmure, 
 p. 290.) 
 
 c. 1556 M. LAUDER, WILLIAM, born in Lothian about 1520, 
 Master of Arts of St. Leonard's College, St. Andrews, was 
 the author of several metrical productions, and of " Ane 
 Compendious and breve Tractate concerning the ofhce 
 of Kingis" (J. Scott, 1556; reprinted by E.S.S. 1864). 
 W. Lauder joined the Reformers. 
 
 1524 M. LAUSON, Ric., Archidiaconus Lodoren. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 p. 64 ; see Lawson.) 
 
 1555 M. LAWMONT, ROBERT, Chancellor of the Chapel Royal, 
 Stirling. (Orig. Paroch. ii. 281.) 
 
 1525 M. LAWSON, ALEXANDER, O.P. (M. Bryce, Black Friars 
 
 of Edinburgh, p. 29.) 
 
 1504 M. LAWSON, RICHARD. (R. Renwick, Stirling Charters, 
 
 p. 66.) 
 
 1528 M. LAWSON, ROBERT. (Laing, o.c. 370.) 
 1510 M. LAWSOUN, St. Andrew's Diocese. (Miscell. Scot. Hist. 
 
 Soc. vol. ii. p. 47.) 
 1534 M. LAWSOUN, JAC., Praep. de Edinburgh. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 I455-) 
 
 1505 M. LAWSOUN, Ric., de Hieriggis, Prepositus [Ecclesiae 
 
 Collegiate]. (Reg. M.S. 2818.) 
 1560 M. LAWTY, WILLIAM, N.P. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, 
 
 p. 267.) 
 1509 M. LAYNG, ARCHIBALD, Dean of Ruglyn. (Bain, L. Proto- 
 
 collorum, 435.) 
 
 1506 M. LAYNG, ARCHIBALD, Vicar of Girvan. (Bain, L. Proto- 
 
 collorum.) 
 
 1500 M. LAYNG, ARCHIBALDUS, N.P. (Reg. ep. Glasg.) 
 
126 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 1556 M. LAYNG, ARCHIBALD, Artium Magister, priest of St. 
 
 Andrews. (Munimenta, i. p. 59 (Maitland).) 
 1524 M. LAYNG, ARCHIBALDUS, Praepositus de Sempill. (Reg. 
 ep. Glasg.) 
 
 1553 M. LAYNG, JOHANNES, Canonicus et Decanus Facultatis. 
 
 (Munimenta, i. p. 59 (Maitland).) 
 
 1544 M. LAYNG, JOHN, Persoun of Kirkpatrick. (Fraser, M. of 
 Montgomeries, i. p. 130.) 
 
 1547 M. LAYNG, JOHN, Parson of Luss, Dean of Faculty. (C. 
 Innes, Orig. Paroch.) 
 
 1527 M. LEATHAME, Subdecanus Collegii S. Trinitatis prope 
 Edinb. 
 
 1534 M. LECHE, NIGELL, R. de Craginche. (Reg. M.S. 1379.) 
 
 1530 M. LEISS, THOMAS, Subdean of Dunblane, Dean of Faculty 
 of the College of Glasgow. (Orig. Paroch, i. 499.) 
 
 1603 M. LEITH, JACOBUS, Vir Rectorius et hujus Collegii quon- 
 dam Socii; d. 16 Sept. 1603. (Necrologium Coll. 
 Scot. Par. ; Blairs MSS.) 
 
 M. LEITH, PATRICK, Portioner of Preminary, Rector of 
 University of Paris. In a list of Catholics from the 
 Balfour MSS. (Advocates' Library ; Denmilne, 50.) 
 
 1501 M. LESLIE, ALEXANDER. (R. Renwick, Stirling Charters, 
 P- 57-) 
 
 1547 M. LESLIE, ANDREAS, Artium Magister, Presbyter Aberdon. 
 Dioc., publicus authoritate apostolica notarius. (Chartu- 
 lary of Balmerino, p. 310.) 
 
 1552 M. LESLIE, ANDREW, R. de Fettirneir. (Laing's Charters ; 
 Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 483.) 
 
 1559 M. LESLIE, JOHN, Bishop of Ross, Parson of Oyne. (Keith, 
 p. 74.) Educated at King's College, Aberdeen, studied 
 at Paris Theology and Languages, especially Greek and 
 Hebrew, then took Civil and Canon Law for four years 
 at Poitiers, received degree of LL.D. at Toulouse, and 
 taught Canon Law, U.J.L. (Officials of Aberdeen Uni- 
 versity ; Laing's H. of Lindores Abbey, pp. 125-129.) 
 
 1557 M. LESLIE, JOH., Rector a Nivibus. (Reg. M.S. 1228.) 
 1544 M. LESLIE, JOHN, R. de Kinnoule. (Reg. M.S. 3201.) 
 
 1510 M. LESLIE, THO., R. de Kingusie. (Reg. P.S. 2080 ; 
 
 Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 522.) 
 1504 M. LESLIE, THO., Canonicus Moravien. (Reg. P.S. 1016.) 
 
 1554 M. LESLIE, WALTER. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 522.) 
 
 1511 M. LETHANE, JOHN, Glasgow Diocese. (Univ. of Orleans, 
 
 Miscell. Hist. Soc. of Scotland.) 
 
 1529 M. LEVINAX, FINLAIUS, Vic. de Kyngart, N.P. (Reg. 
 M.S. 820.) 
 
MASTERS OF ARTS 127 
 
 1529 M. LEVINGSTOUN, ALEX., Capellanus. (Reg. M.S. 727.) 
 1555 M. LEVINGSTON, HENRY, Dundee. (Herkless, H. of St. 
 
 Leonards, p. 153.) 
 
 1550 M LEVYNGSTOUN, JAC., R. de Culter. (Reg. M.S. 555.) 
 1550 M. LEWIS, JOHN, Master of Grammar School. (Record of 
 
 Elgin, ii. 447 (Spalding Club).) 
 
 1530 M. LEYS, THOMAS, Vicar of Dregerne, founded a chaplaincy 
 
 in the Parish Church. (Innes, Orig. Paroch. Glasgow.) 
 1558 M. LIDDALE, GEO., R. de Foresta. (Reg. M.S. 1381.) 
 
 1500 M. LIEL, ANDREW, Thesaurarius Aberdonensis. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 2561.) 
 
 1502 M. LIEL, THOMAS, de Scotia. Magister et S. Theologiae 
 licentiatus anno 1502, 20 Decembris apud Augustinianos 
 eligitur Rector magnificus in Universitate Coloniensi. 
 (J. Harzheim, S.J., Bibliotheca Coloniensis, Cologne, 
 1747.) (See Lyell.) 
 
 1516 M. LINDESAY, ARCHIBALD, Chantour of Aberdeen. (Reg. 
 
 M.S. No. 171.) 
 
 1504 M. LINDSAY, JAMES, Dean of Glasgow. (Bain, L. Proto- 
 collorum, 309.) 
 
 1501 M. LINDESAY, JAMES, Decanus Glasguen. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 2621.) 
 
 1535 M. LINDSAY, JOANNES, de Blarefidden, N.P. (Antiquities 
 
 of Aberdeen, p. 417.) 
 
 1517 M. LINDSAY, HUGO, Capellanus. (Reg. M.S. No. 171.) 
 I 5 I 7"3 I M. LINOX, LENOX, or LEVINAX, Vic. of Kingarth. (Orig. 
 
 Paroch. ii. p. 211.) 
 
 1530 M. LITSTARE, WIL., Presbyter, N.P. (Reg. M.S. 952.) 
 1508 M. LIVINGSTON, DAVID, Canon of Glasgow. (Bain, L. 
 
 Protocollorum, 417.) 
 
 1518 M. LIVINGSTOUN, ALEX., de Donypaise. (R.M.S. p. 40.) 
 1501 M. LOGAN, GEORGE, Rector of Restalrig. (University of 
 
 Orleans, Miscell. Hist. Soc. of Scotland.) 
 
 1536 M. LOGANE, ALEX., Capellanus, N.P. (Reg. M.S. 1619.) 
 1533 M. LOGIE, GAVIN, Principal of St. Leonard's. (Herkless, 
 
 H. of St. Leonard's, p. 33.) 
 
 1529 M. LOGY, LEONARD, Master Mason to King James V. 
 (Myln, Master Masons, pp. 9 et seq.) We have a precept 
 made to Maister Leonard Logy for his gude and thank- 
 full service done and to be done to the King's hienes 
 and specialie for his diligent and grate lauboure made 
 by him in the bigging of the palace beside the Abbey 
 of the Holy Croce of the sum of 40 poundis etc. etc. 
 (High Treasurer's Accounts, ed. by Dr. Dickson, pp. 
 245-256.) 
 
128 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 1559 M. LOKERT, GEORGE, Ayrensis, Rector Univ. S. Andreae, 
 
 Sacrae Theologiae Professor ac Praepositus Ecclesiae Col- 
 
 legiatae de Crichton. (Keith, 87.) 
 1530 M. LOKKERT, GEORGE, Praepositus de Creichtone, Sacrae 
 
 Theologiae Professor. (Fraser, M. of Montgomeries, 
 
 i. 114.) See Bibliography. 
 J 539 M. LORANE, PAT., Capellanus Capellae Regie S. Brigide. 
 
 (Reg. M.S. 2006.) 
 J 559 M. LUMSDEN, HENRY, Parson of Kinkell. (Keith, p. 74.) 
 
 1527 M. LUMMISDEN, HEN., Camerarius Archiepiscopi S' Andreae. 
 
 (Reg. M.S. p. 108.) 
 
 1535 M. LUMMISDEN, MATTHEW, de Madler, N.P. (Antiquities 
 
 of Aberdeen, p. 417.) 
 
 1545 M. LUMMISDEN, MATTHEW. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 
 334-) 
 
 1545 M. LUMISDAILL, HENRY, Rector de Kynkell. (Reg. ep. 
 
 Morav. p. 410 ; Laing's Charters.) 
 
 1501 M. LUMMYSDEN, PAT., Rector de Lonchardy. (Reg. M.S. 
 2581.) 
 
 1538 M. LUMMISDEN, ROBERTUS, N.P. (Antiquities of Aber- 
 deen, p. 450.) 
 
 1516 M. LUNDIN, THO., Prebend, de Abirnethy. (Reg. M.S. 
 No. 78.) 
 
 1536 M. LUYD, DAVID, Capellanus et N.P. (Antiquities of 
 
 Aberdeen, p. 667.) 
 
 1498-1501 M. LYELL, ANDREW, Rector of University of Aber- 
 deen. (Officials of Aber. Univ.) 
 
 1529 M. LYELL, DAVID, Capellanus et Notarius Publicus. (Reg. 
 M.S. 1794-) 
 
 1504 M. LYELL, WILLIAM, Subdean of the Church of Moray. 
 (Epitaph, Shaw, Hist, of Moray, i. 390.) 
 
 1528 M. LYNDESAY, JOH., de Monyeky. (Reg. M.S. 678.) 
 1535 M. LYNDESAY, HUGO, R. de Inchebrick. 
 
 1546 M. LYNDSAY, HUGO, Decanus Angusie. (Reg. ep. Glasg. 
 
 507-) 
 1516 M. LYNE, JAC., Canon. Dunkelden. (Reg. M.S. No. 113, 
 
 p. 24.) 
 1526 M. LYNE, JAC., Magister domus Dei pauperum, dicte 
 
 maison dew in Breichen. (Reg. P.S. 3612.) 
 1506-7 M. LYNN, JAMES, Dean of Lothian. (Scott Myln, Master 
 
 Masons to the Crown, p. 19.) 
 
 1529 M. LYON, ALEX., Precentor Moravien. (Reg. M.S. 828.) 
 1514 M. LYON, JAMES. (Scott Myln, Master Masons to the 
 
 Crown, p. 26.) 
 
MASTERS OF ARTS 129 
 
 1528 M. LYOUN, ALEX., Chantour of Murray. (Reg. P.S. 4119.) 
 
 1508 M. LYOUN, Prebendarius de Balgony. (Reg. M.S. 3259.) 
 
 1549 M. MACCAW, Archdeacon of Lismore, sat in Council, 1549. 
 (D. Patrick, Statuta, 86.) 
 
 1558 M. MACQUIN, JOHN, Lecturer on Holy Scripture. (D. 
 Patrick, Statuta Ecclesiae Scoticanae, p. 252.) 
 
 1540 M. MAITLAND, PATRICIUS. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 
 462.) 
 
 1536 M. MAITLAND, ROBERT, Dene of Aberdeen, Judge in the 
 Court of Session. 
 
 1552 M. MAJOR, JOHN, the preceptor of Knox and Buchanan, 
 and the author of many works, was incorporated as a 
 member of St. Andrews University, 9 June, 1523 ; sat 
 in Council, 1549 ; became Provost of St. Salvator's 
 College in 1533, and died in 1552. (Lee's Lectures, ii. 
 345, 346.) See Bibliography. 
 
 1520 M. MAKBREK, ANDR., Cancellarius Dunblanen. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 No. 194.) 
 1525 M. MAKCAP, JOHN, O.P. (M. Bryce, Black Friars of 
 
 Edinburgh, p. 29.) 
 1558 M. MAKCULLOCH, MALCOLM, Vic. de Anwet. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 I333-) 
 1525 M. MAKDOROD, JOHN, O.P. (M. Bryce, Black Friars of 
 
 Edinburgh, p. 29.) 
 
 1544 M. MAKESOUN, DAVID. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 635.^ 
 1508 M. MAKGEE, DAVID, Capellanus. (Reg. M.S. 8335.) 
 
 1555 M. MAKGIBBON, THOMAS, Maister of the Grammar School 
 of Dundee. (Herkless, H. of St. Leonard's, p. 153.) 
 
 1506 M. MAKHOLM, JOHN, R. de Castelmylk. (Reg. M.S. 3034.) 
 
 1529 M. MAKVICAR, ARCH., Praepositus de Kilmond. (Reg. 
 
 M.S. 862.) 
 1542-61 M. MALCOLMSON (or MAKOLCHALLUM), GILBERT, Rector 
 
 of Craigneis. (Orig. Paroch. ii. p. 121.) 
 
 1546 M. MALCOLMSON, GILB., R. de Craginche. (Reg. M.S. 
 No. 24.) 
 
 1512 M. MALISON, JOHN, Rector of Kippen, Master Mason to 
 
 the Crown. (Scott My In, Master Masons to the Crown, 
 P- I5-) 
 
 1513 M. MALLISON, JOHN, Rector of Kippen, whose house stood 
 
 down the north side of the High Street. 
 
 1531 M. MAN, DUNCAN, Prebendary of Kilberheth in Knapdale. 
 (Orig. Paroch. ii. 37.) 
 
 1509 M. MAN, JOH., in Theologia Doctore. (Reg. P.S. 1977.) 
 
130 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 '., M. MANDERSTOUN, WILLIAM, Rector Universitatis Parisi- 
 ensis (Bulseus), Rector Universitatis S. Andreae. (Paris, 
 Archives Scot., Adm. H. 2587, folio 76 (verso) ; Ac- 
 counts, 1325-1461.)- See Bibliography. 
 M. MANDERSTOUN, WIL., R. de Gogar, in Medicinis Doctor. 
 (Reg. M.S. 2662.) 
 
 1546 M. MARSCHELL, QUINTINUS, Capell. (Reg. M.S. 221.) 
 1505 M. MARTYN, HEW, Vicar of Fordun. (Reg. of P.S. 962.) 
 1502 M. MASSO, ALEXANDER, Presbyter Aberdon. dioc., N.P. 
 
 (Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 333.) 
 1511 M. MAXWELL, ROBERT, Preb. of Tarbeltoun. (Bain, L. 
 
 Protocollorum, 506 ; Fraser, Mem. of Montgomeries, i. 
 
 p. 86.) 
 
 M. MAXWELL, ROB., R. de Torboltoun. (R.M.S. No. 167.) 
 1529 M. MAXWELL, WALTER, Cancellarius Moravien., Vicarius 
 
 de Kilmacolme. (Reg. M.S. 916.) 
 1553 M. M' ARTHUR, NIEL, Vicar of Mocarne (Muckairn). (Orig. 
 
 Paroch. ii. p. 132.) 
 1535 M. M'CARBRE, ARCHIBALD, Rectoi of Kilchoman ; d. 1542. 
 
 1547 M. M'CAUS, LACHLAN, Rector of Lochaw. (Orig. Paroch. 
 
 ii. 126.) 
 1528 M. M'GAWIS, LAUCHLAN, Vicar of Lochgoyle. (Orig. 
 
 Paroch. ii. 79.) 
 1543 M. M'CAWIS, ROLLAND, Vicar of Inchald. (Orig. Paroch. 
 
 ii. 126.) 
 1542 M. M'CLANE, RORE, Archdeacon of the Isles. (Orig. 
 
 Paroch. ii. 292.) 
 
 1533 M. M'CLANE, Bishop of the Isles. (Orig. Paroch. ii. 292.) 
 1559 M. M'CLANE, LACHLAN, R. of the Church of Nahayis in the 
 
 Isle of Lewis. (Orig. Paroch. ii. 381.) 
 1501 M. M'GARWY, WIL., Vic. de Pennighame. (Reg. M.S. 2636.) 
 
 1507 M. M'GILLEMERTYNE, MARTYNE, R. of Kilmuir ; d. 1536. 
 
 (Orig. Paroch. ii. 348.) 
 
 1547 M. M'ILWRAY, ARCHIBALD. (Orig. Paroch. ii. 549.) 
 1541 M. M'KALCHALLUM, Vic. of Lochgollyshed . (Orig. Paroch. 
 
 ii. 79.) 
 
 1508 M. MEFFEN, JOH., Capellanus Eccles. Collegiatae, S ! Salva- 
 
 toris (S. Andrews). (Reg. P.S. 1664.) 
 1500 M. MELDRUM, Precentor, Brechin. (Reg. episc. Brech. 
 
 vol. i. No. 109.) 
 1510 Feb. 3 M. MELDRUM, DAVID, Canon of Dunkeld, left 200 
 
 merks Scots " ad sustentationem cujusdam pauperis 
 
 in ipso hospitali perpetuo mansuri." (Herkless, H. of 
 
 St. Leonard's College, p. 18.) 
 
MASTERS OF ARTS 131 
 
 1510 M. MELDRUM, JOHANNES, Prebend de Buthingyll. (Reg. 
 
 episc. Brech. ii. 278.) 
 1525 M. MELDRUM, WILLELMUS, Presbyter. (Eraser, Mem. of 
 
 Montgomeries, i. 103.) 
 
 1527 M. MELDRUM, WILLIAM, Archdeacon of Dunkeld. (Max- 
 
 well, Old Dundee, p. 27.) 
 
 1528 M. MELDRUM, WILLELMUS, Vic. Brechinensis. (Reg. episc. 
 
 Brech. ii. 181.) 
 1550 M. MELDRUM, WILLIAM, Priest, Aberdeen Diocese. (Laing's 
 
 Charters.) 
 1581 M. MENEAL, JOHN, Licentiate in Theology ; d. March, 
 
 1581. (Hay's MS. Collection, Adv. Library.) 
 1507 M. MENTETH, ALEXANDER, Prior of Rostenoth. (Bain, L. 
 
 Protocollorum, 307.) 
 
 1527 Jan 13 M. MENZIES, ROBERT, Chaplain of St. Leonard's 
 
 Altar. (M. Bryce, Black Friars of Edinburgh, p. 77.) 
 1531 M. MENZEIS, ROB., Vic. de Mortoun. (Reg. M.S. 1101.) 
 1559 M. MEINZEIS, THOMAS. (Keith, p. 74.) 
 1501-12 M. MERCHAMSTON, JAMES, R. of Hawick in 1504, and 
 
 in 1512 Provost of the Collegiate Church of Corstorphine. 
 
 (Munimenta, p. 15 (Maitland) ; Scott Myln, Master 
 
 Masons, p. 15 ; Bain, L. Protocollorum, p. 514.) 
 1512 M. MERSARE, WALTERUS, Thesaurarius Cathanen. (Reg. 
 
 P.S. 2570.) 
 1509 M. MERSCHELL, JOHN, Master of the Grammar School at 
 
 Aberdeen. (Edgar, Hist, of Education in Scotland, p. 
 
 H5-) 
 
 1509 M. MICHELSOUN, Vic. de Abirkennoch. (Reg. M.S. 3389.) 
 
 1556 M. MIDDILTOUN, GEORGE, N.P. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, 
 
 P- 555-) 
 1516 M. MONNORGUND, ROBERT, Rector de Esse. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 No. 133.) 
 1515 M. MONORGUND, Vic. de Legidurno. (Reg. P.S. 2602.) 
 
 1510 M. MONRO, JOH., Vic. of Kilcomane, R. de Mignes. (Reg 
 
 P.S. 2178.) 
 
 M. MONRO, JOH., Vicarius de Urckart. (Reg. M.S. No. 54.) 
 1546 M. MONRO, JOHN, Chaplain of Balkny. (Orig. Paroch. 
 ii. 572.) 
 
 1550 M. MONRO, JOHN, Chaplain of St. Monan. (Orig. Paroch 
 ii. 478.) 
 
 1528 M. MONROE, JOHN, Vicar of Logy Urquhart. (Orig. 
 
 Paroch. ii. 551.) 
 
 1543 M. MONYPENNY, MUNGO, Archdeacon of Ross. (Orig. 
 Paroch. ii. 572.) 
 
132 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 1501 M. MONTGOMERY, Rector of Eklissem. (Lyon, H. of St. 
 
 Andrews, p. 346.) 
 1506 M. MONTGOMERY, GEORGE, Prebend of Eglisham and Luss. 
 
 (Bain, L. Protocollorum, 343.) 
 1562 M. MONTGOMERIE, H., Vicarius de Dundonald. (Eraser, 
 
 M. of Montgomeries, i. 173.) 
 1536 M. MONTGOMERY, MATHOU, Chaplain. (Eraser, M. of 
 
 Montgomeries, i. 125.) 
 1559 M. MONTGOMMERYE, CanonicusGlasg., Rector of University, 
 
 Glasgow. (Munimenta, i. 46 (Maitland).) 
 1 5 2 4-39 M. MORISOUN, PATRICK, Priest of Aberdeen Diocese. 
 
 (Laing's Charters, 346, 436.) 
 
 1526 M. MOSCROP, ADAM, Presbyter et N.P. (Reg. M.S. p. 82.) 
 1549 M. MOWAT, AND. (Reg. M.S. 1379.) 
 1521 M. MOWAT, WILLIAM, Rector of Lonmay. (Records of Old 
 
 Aberdeen (Spalding), vol. ii. p. 262.) 
 1501 M. MUIRHEID, Dean of Glasgow. (Renwick, Stirling 
 
 Charters, p. 57.) 
 
 1526 M. MUNCREIF, ALEX., Preb. de Creiff. (Reg. P.S. 3588.) 
 1501 M. MUNCREYF, ALEXANDER, R. de Menmure. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 2619.) 
 1530 M. MUNGOMERY, Vicar of Stevantone. (Eraser, M. of 
 
 Montgomeries, i. 112.) 
 1501 M. MUNGUNMORE, JOHN, late Rector of Eklissem. (Charter, 
 
 quoted by Lyon, H. of St. Andrews.) 
 1548 M. MUNRO, DONALD, Archdeacon of the Isles. (Orig. 
 
 Paroch. ii. 294.) 
 1528 M. MUNRO, HEW, Master of the Burgh School, Aberdeen. 
 
 (Edgar, o.c. p. 115.) 
 1535 M. MUREHEID, JOH., R. de Steneker. (Reg. M.S. 1516.) 
 
 1504 M. MUREHEID, RICARDUS, Decanus Glasguensis, Secre- 
 
 tarius Regis. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 355.) 
 
 1505 M. MUREHEDE, THOMAS, R. of Lyne. (Bain, L. Proto- 
 
 collorum, 317.) 
 
 1503 M. MURHEID, THOMAS, Rector of Stobo. (Bain, L. Proto- 
 
 collorum, p. 297.) 
 1523 M. MURHEID. Ric., Decanus Glasguen., Secretarius Regis. 
 
 (Reg. M.S. p. 52.) 
 1528 M. MURRAY, JACOBUS, Artium Magister, Presbyter, N.P. 
 
 (Reg. episc. Brech. ii. 183.) 
 
 1504 M. MURRAY, JAMES, clericus S. Andreae Dioc., N.P. (Anti- 
 
 quities of Aberdeen, p. 355.) 
 
 1556 M. MYDILTOUN, GEORGIUS. (Antiquities of Aberdeen and 
 Banff, p. 32.) 
 
MASTERS OF ARTS 133 
 
 1510 M. MYLNE, ALEX., Canon. Dunkeld. (Reg. M.S. 3482.) 
 1516 M. MYLN, ALEXANDER, Abbot of Cambuskenneth ; d. 1549- 
 
 Educated at St. Andrews, where he graduated in 1494- 
 
 (D. N. Biography.) 
 1550 M. MYRTON, HECTOR, Vic. de Premay, N.P. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 549-) 
 1549-59 M. MYRTOUN, Patrick, Archdeacon of Aberdeen, 
 
 Rector of Aberdeen University. (Officials of Aber. 
 
 Univ.) Kept up the exercise of the Catholic religion 
 
 till 1574. (Thomas Innes, Blairs MS. ; Keith, p. 74.) 
 
 1511 M. MYRETOUN, THO., Archidiaconus Aberdonensis. (Reg. 
 
 M.S. 3733-) 
 1531 M. MYRTONE, THOMAS, Canon of Moray. (Records of Old 
 
 Aberdeen (New Spalding), vol. ii. p. 274.) 
 J 533 M. de MYRETOUN, THO., Decanus Glasguen. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 1322.) 
 1506 M. NARNE, MICHEL, Vic. de Forgunt, facultatis artium 
 
 decanus, S. Andrews. (Reg. M.S. 3078.) 
 1531 M. NAUCHTY, JOH., Vic. de Barre. (Reg. M.S. 1146.) 
 1541 M. NEILSON, JACOBUS. (Reg. ep. Glasg.) 
 1531 M. NICHOLSONE, DAVID, Presbyter et N.P. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 noi ; P. J. Anderson, Aberdeen Friars, p. 78.) 
 1535 M. NICHOLSON, JOHN, Chaplain. (Reg. Aberd. p. 628 ; 
 
 Littlejohn, Records of Sheriff Court of Aberdeenshire, 
 
 vol. i. p. 185.) 
 1503 M. NORTH, GILBERT. (Univ. of Orleans, Miscell. Hist. 
 
 Society of Scotland.) 
 1508 M. OGELVIUS, JACOBUS, Aberdonensis. (Miscell. Scot. 
 
 Hist. Soc. vol. ii. pp. 47-114.) 
 1515 M. OGILVY, ANTHONIUS, Rector de Inchbryok, S. Andrews. 
 
 (Reg. P.S 2612.) 
 
 1530 M. OGILVY, GEO., Rector de Crowdane. (Reg. M.S.) 
 1515 M. OGILVY, JAC., Prebendarius de Methlak. (Reg. P.S. 
 
 2619.) 
 
 1515 M. OGILVY, JACOBUS. (Reg. ep. Glasg. 491.) 
 
 1510 M. OGILVY, JAMES, Persoun of Spiny. (Reg. P.S. 2137.) 
 
 1516 M. OGILVY, JAMES, Rector de Kynkell, Ambassador to 
 
 England. (Reg. P.S. 2738.) Brother of Sir William 
 Ogilvy of Strathern. (Moir Bryce, Black Friars of 
 Edinburgh, p. 87.) 
 
 1534 M. OGILVY, JOH., Canonicus Aberdon. (Reg. M.S.) 
 1546 M. OGILVY, JOH., R. de Croudene. (Reg. M.S. 246.) 
 
 M. OGILVY, WILLIAM, of Gedde, Chamberlain, Receiver of 
 Montblery. (Exchequer Rolls, vol. iii. p. 570.) 
 
134 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 J 553 M. OISTLAR, GILBERT, Chaplain. 
 
 1529 M. OLIPHANT, LAURENTIUS, Vic. de Foulis. (Reg. M.S.) 
 1567 M. OLIVER, JOHN, Bedrule. (Reg. P.C. vol. i. p. 569.) 
 1529 M. OMAY, DUNCAN, Principal Cirurgiane to the King. (Reg. 
 
 P.S. 3416.) 
 1556 M. OMEYCH, CORNELIUS, Canon of Lismore. (Orig. Paroch. 
 
 ii. p. 162.) 
 
 1529 M. OTTIRBURNE, ADAM, R. de Auldhame. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 833.) 
 1516 M. OTTIRBURN, JOHN, Official of Lothian. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 No. in.) 
 
 1536 M. PAINTERE, DAVID, Prior insulae S. Mariae. (Reg. M.S. 
 1619.) Held several church livings, and was much em- 
 ployed in public negotiations abroad. His uncle (Patrick 
 Panter, Abbot of Cambuskenneth) and David Panter 
 were successively Secretaries of State in the reign of 
 James the Fourth and Fifth, and " being admirably 
 versed in the Latin tongue," their names are honourably 
 distinguished by the series of letters of our Kings, 
 addressed to foreign princes, which Ruddiman published 
 under the title of " Epistolae Regum Scotorum," etc., 
 in the years 1722 and 1724 in 2 vols. He died, says 
 Holinshed, at Stirling on the ist of Oct., 1558. (Keith's 
 Catalogue of Bishops, p. 1921 ; Laing's Knox, i. 105.) 
 1507 M. PANTERE, Rector de Frederesso. (Reg. M.S. 3121.) 
 1511 M. PARKER, PATRICIUS, " secretarius noster." (Reg. de 
 
 Panmure, vol. ii. p. 267.) 
 
 1556 M. PATERSON, JOH., Vic. de Logymar. (Reg. M.S. 1047.) 
 1516 M. PATRICIUS, AND., Vic. de Arbuthnot et N.P. (Reg. 
 
 M.S. No. 119, 1146.) 
 
 1556 M. PENNYCUKE, WIL., R. de eodem. (Reg. M.S. 1068.) 
 1526 M. PETCAIRNE, DAVID, Archidecanus Brech. ; d. 1564. 
 (Reg. episc. Brech. ii. 180.) 
 
 1530 M. PETRE, ANDREAS, Vicar of Wick. (Orig. Paroch. ii. 
 
 752.) 
 1535 M. PEYTOUNE, ALEX., Cancellarius Abirdonensis. (Reg. 
 
 Charterum Aberd. p. 628.) 
 
 1507 M. PRESTOUN, WIL., R. de Beltoun. (Reg. P.S. 1479-) 
 1525 M. PRYSON, JAMES, O.P. (M. Bryce, Black Friars of 
 
 Edinburgh, p. 29.) 
 1513 M. PURDY, LAURENCE, Vicar of Durisdere. (Bain, L. Pro to- 
 
 collorum, p. 555.) 
 1501 M. QUHITE, HENRY, Person of Rothes, Vic. of Fintray. 
 
 (Reg. P.S. p. 40, No. 1 80, 2577 ; R. Renwick, Stirling 
 
 Charters, p. 57.) 
 
MASTERS OF ARTS 135 
 
 1536 M. QUHITE, HEN., R. S ! Modoci. (Reg. M.S. 1572.) 
 
 1532 M. QUHITE, Rector of the Church of Finhaven. (MS. 
 
 Register House, Edinburgh.) 
 
 1501 M. QUHITELAW, Prebendarius de Alith. (Reg. M.S. 2582.) 
 1510-11 M. QUHITLAW, ARCH., Archidiaconus Laudonise, Secre- 
 
 tarius Regis. (Reg. M.S. 3550.) 
 
 1558 M. RAIT, ALEXANDER. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 466.) 
 1556 M. RAIT, WALTER. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 555.) 
 1501 M. RALSTONE, ROBERT. (Lyon, Hist, of St. Andrews, p. 346.) 
 1510 M. RAMSAY, ANDREW, Vic. de Auchtermugty. (Reg. episc. 
 
 Brech. ii. 163 ; Reg. P.S. 2570.) 
 1503 M. RAMSAY, THOMAS, Regent in Arts in the Pedagogium. 
 
 (Foundation Charter, quoted by Lyon, Hist, of St. 
 
 Andrews, p. 346.) 
 1558 M. RAMSAY, THO., Tutor of Arbeky, Chancellor. (Reg. 
 
 M.S. p. 292.) 
 1532 M. RATTAR, ALEXANDER, Vicar of Kilmale. (Orig. Paroch. 
 
 ii. 186.) 
 1512 M. RATHAR, MALCOLM, Vic. of Culmaly. (Orig. Paroch. 
 
 p. 648.) 
 1515 M. RATTIR, MALCOLM, Vicar of Latheroun ; d. 1551. (Orig. 
 
 Paroch. ii. 762.) 
 
 1554 M. RAYNTOUN, ARCHIBALD. (Laing's Charters, pp. 618, 
 
 626.) 
 
 1508 M. REID, ALEX., Vic. de Fedircarne. (Reg. M.S. 3281.) 
 1508 M. REID, JOHN, Master of the Grammar School of Glasgow. 
 
 (Bain, L. Protocollorum, 427.) 
 
 1508 M. REID, DAVID, R. de Dunnowyne. (Reg. M.S. 791.) 
 1507 M. RERYK, GILBERT, Archdeacon of Glasgow. 
 I 57-47 M. RESTOUNE, JOHANNES, Vicarius Ecclesiae de Dunlop. 
 
 (Munimenta, i. p. 58 (Maitland) ; Bain, L. Protocollorum, 
 
 366.) 
 
 1555 M. RICHARDSON, ROB., Vic. de Ekfurde. (Reg. M.S. 1041.) 
 
 1543 M. ROBERTI, ANDREAS, Moraviensis Dioc. presbyter sacra 
 autoritate apostolica, N.P. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, 
 p. 482.) 
 
 1523 M. ROBERTI, DAVID, Capellanus et N.P. (Reg. M.S. p. 58.) 
 
 1529 M. ROBERTSONS, DAVID, Capellanus et notarius publicus. 
 (Reg. M.S. 779, 1163.) 
 
 1560 M. ROBERTSON, JOHN, Treasurer. (Orig. Paroch. ii. 576.) 
 1545 M. ROBERTSON, NICHOL, N.P. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, 
 P- 343.) 
 
 1556 M. ROBERTSON, THOMAS. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 32.) 
 
136 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 1531 M. ROBERTSOUN, ALEX., Capellanus. (Reg. M.S. 1193.) 
 1523 M. ROBESONE, ALEX., Capellanus. (Reg. M.S. p. 55.) 
 
 1526 M. ROGE, PATRICIUS, Capellanus. (Reg. P.S. 3377.) 
 1531 M. ROICH, HEN., Vic. de Montrose. (Reg. M.S. 1146.) 
 1548 M. ROLLAND, JAC., Canonicus Dumblanen. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 298.) 
 
 *553 M. ROLLAND, JOHN. (Maxwell, Hist, of Old Dundee, p. 38.) 
 1523 M. Ros, GAVIN, Clerk, Glasgow Diocese. (Laing, o.c.) 
 1541 M. Ros, GAWINUS, Presbyterae, N.P. (Reg. M.S. 2504.) 
 1536 M. SANDILANDIS, PETER. A close scholarship was founded 
 
 in 1536 by Peter Sandilandis. (Reg. M.S. 2616 ; 
 
 Herkless, H. of St. Leonard's.) 
 
 1508 M. SANTO CLARO, ALEX., Presbyter. (Reg. M.S. 3621.) 
 
 1509 M. SANTO CLARO (DE), ANDR., V. de Lagane, N.P. (Reg. 
 
 M.S. 122, 3369.) 
 
 1527 M. DE S. CLARO, AND., Canonicus Rossen. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 p. 122.) 
 
 1536 M. SAUCHHE, JACOBUS, Capellanus et N.P. (Antiquities 
 of Aberdeen, p. 667.) 
 
 1510 M. SAUCHY, JOH., Rect. de Pettary. (Reg. M.S. 3396.) 
 1506 M. SANQUHAR, JOH., V. de Wailstoun. (Reg. M.S. 3081 ; 
 
 Herkless, Archbishops of St. Andrews, p. 667.) 
 1521 M. SANCHAR, JOHANNES, Protonotarius Apostolicus, Can- 
 cellarius Rossensis. (Eraser, M. of Montgomeries, i. 93.) 
 
 1526 M. SCALL, WALTERUS, Capellanus. (Reg. episc. Brech. ii. 
 
 180.) 
 1539 M. SCHEILL, JOHN, Regent of St. Salvator's. (Herschell, 
 
 H. of St. Leonard's, p. 121.) 
 1515 M. SCHEVEZ, JOH., R. de Inchbryok (St. Andrews). (Reg. 
 
 P.S. 2612.) 
 M. SCOTT, ALEXANDER, Artium Liberalium Magister et 
 
 Juris utriusque Doctor. (Cf. Bibliography.) 
 1554 M. SCOT, GEORGE, Chaplain of St. John's Chaplaincy, 
 
 Dundee. (Maxwell, Hist, of Old Dundee, p. 34.) 
 
 1527 M. SCOT, ALEX., Persoun of Westray. 
 
 1546 M. SCOT, JAC., Prepositus Eccles. Colleg. de Corstorphin. 
 
 (Reg. M.S. 200.) 
 1538 M. SCOTT, JAC., Prepositus de Corstorphin. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 1887.) 
 1506 M. SCOTT, THO., Vic. de Natoun. (Reg. M.S. 3149.) 
 
 1511 M. SCOTT, THO., Vicarius de Wemet. (Reg. M.S. 3674.) 
 1559 M. SCOTT, GEORGIUS, Notarius Publicus. (Reg. episc. 
 
 Brech. ii. 204.) 
 
SEAL OF CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY. 
 
MASTERS OF ARTS 137 
 
 1506 M. SCOT, JOHN, Vicar-pensioner of the Church of Glasgow. 
 
 (Bain, L. Protocollorum, 349.) 
 1553 M. SCRIMGEOUR, JAMES, Parson of Glastre. (Maxwell, 
 
 Hist, of Old Dundee, p. 24.) 
 1522 M. SCRIMGEOUR, JAMES, Chantor of Brechin. (Maxwell, 
 
 Hist, of Old Dundee, p. 53.) 
 
 1529 M. SCRIMGEOUR, JAC., R. de Banvy. (Reg. M.S. 811.) 
 1511 M. SCRIMGEOUR, JAC., R. de Glastre. (Reg. M.S. 3817.) 
 1505 M. SCRIMGEOUR, JACOB., R. de Kerimure. 
 
 1528 M. SCRIMGEOUR, JAC., Praecentor Brech. (Reg. episc. Brech, 
 ii. 181.) 
 
 1530 M. SCRIMGEOUR, Can. of Lismore. (Orig. Paroch. ii. 
 
 p. 162.) 
 1542 M. SCRIMGEOUR, JOHN, Master of the Work to the King. 
 
 (Scott Myln, Master Masons to the Crown, p. 49.) 
 1556 M. SCRIMGEOUR, THOMAS, Precentor Brech. (Reg. episc. 
 
 Brech. i. p. 114 ; ii. 202.) 
 1548 M. SEYTOUN, ALEX., Cancellarius Abirdonen. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 206.) 
 1515 M. SEYTOUN, CRISTOFERUS, Vic. of Legydumo. (Reg. P.S. 
 
 2575-) 
 
 1507 M. SEYTOUN, DAVID, Person of Fethirkerne, Notarius. 
 
 (Reg. P.S. 1421.) 
 1509 M. SETOUN, ALEX., Vic. de Bothelmy. (Reg. M.S. 3374.) 
 
 " Alexander Seton, fourth son of Lord George Seton 
 and Isabel Hamilton, had resided long at Rome, where 
 he was much esteemed for his virtue." 
 
 1539 M. SETOUN, ALEX., Vic. de Bothelmy. (Reg. M.S. 1980.) 
 1515 M. SETOUN, ALEX., Vic. de Bothelmy. (Reg. M.S. No. 55.) 
 1535 M. SETOUN, DAVID, Vic. de Strathmiglo. (Reg. M.S. 1552.) 
 
 1559-63 M. SETON, ALEXANDER, Chancellor of Aberdeen. 
 (Officials of Aberdeen University ; Keith, p. 74.) 
 
 1500 Nov. 9 M. SETON, DAVID, son of Sir Gilbert Seton, Rector 
 of Fettercairn and Balkelny. He studied at the Uni- 
 versity of Paris, where he took his degree of Civil and 
 Canon Law. (Laing's Lindores Abbey, p. 486 ; Sir 
 R. Maitland's Historic, p. 25.) 
 
 1535 M. SETOUN, DAVID, V. de Strathmiglo. (Reg. M.S. 1552.) 
 
 1564 M. SETONUS, JOANNES, Sacrae Theologiae Professor. (Ar- 
 chivio di Stato, Romas.) 
 
 1544 M. SERES, THOMAS. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 635.) 
 
 1524 M. DE SERES, GEORGIUS, Cantor. (Reg. episc. Brech. ii. 
 176.) 
 
138 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 1526 M. SEWES, JOH., R. de Inchbryok. (Reg. M.S. p. 85.) 
 1512 M. SHAND, ROBERTUS, Vic. de Potary. (Reg. ep. Morav. 
 
 p. 396.) 
 1532 M. SHAN WELL, ROBERT, Vicar of the Church of Kirkcaldy. 
 
 (Reg. de Panmure, vol. ii. p. 260 ; MS. Register House, 
 
 Edinb.) 
 
 1511 M. SHATOUN, GILB., Vic. de Inverkelour. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 3790.) 
 1507 M. SHAW, ALEXANDER, R. de Tannades. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 3224.) 
 1509 M. SHAW, ALEX., Precentor Capelle Regie. (Reg. P.S. 1814.) 
 
 1512 M. SHAW, ALEX., Archidiaconus Candidas Casae. 
 
 M. SHAW, GEORGE, Abbot of Paisley, was the first school- 
 master of James Stewart, son of James III., brother of 
 James IV. (Herkless, Archbishops of St. Andrews, i. 
 P- I35-) 
 1507 M. SHAW, ROBERT, Vic. of Mernys. (Bain, L. Proto- 
 
 collorum, 384.) 
 1526 M. SHAW, ROBERT, Superior of Scots College. (Keith 
 
 Cat. (1526), p. 148.) 
 1529 M. SHAWE, PAT., Rector de Kirkcriste, N.P. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 927.) 
 
 1505 M. SHERARE, DUNCAN, R. de Clatt. (Reg. M.S. 2914.) 
 1540 M. SHORISWOD, JAC., Vic. de Lintoun. (Reg. M.S. 2138.) 
 1553 M. DE SHORISWOD, JOH., R. de Cultie. (Reg. M.S. 796.) 
 1516 M. SIBBALD, AND., Prebend, de Carneweth. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 No. 106, p. 22.) 
 
 1511 M. SIBBAULD, ANDREW, Canon of Glasgow. (Bain, L. 
 Protocollorum, 509.) 
 
 1513 M. SIMON, CUTHBERTUS. He wrote " Liber Protocollorum 
 
 M. Cuthberti Simonis Notarii publici et Scribae capituli 
 
 Glasguensis A.D. 1499-1513." Ed. by F. Bain (Grampian 
 
 Club). 
 1524 M. SIMON, CUTHBERT, V. de Dalyell. (Reg. M.S. p. 61.) 
 
 M. SIMPSON, SIMON, Lycaei Plessaei gymnasiarcha. (Con's 
 
 Praemetiae MS. ; Etienne Perlin, Description des 
 
 royaumes d'Angleterre, folio 32.) 
 
 1555 M. SINCLAIR, HEN., Decanus Glasguen. (Reg. M.S. 1035.) 
 1555 M. SINCLAR, JOH., Decan. a Restalrig, sat in Council, 1549- 
 
 (Reg. M.S. 1035.) 
 1564 M. SINCLAIR, H., President of the Court of Session till his 
 
 death, Jan. 2, 1564-5. 
 M. SINCLAIR, JOHN, Canonist, " utriusque juris licentiatus." 
 
 (Officials of Aber. Univ.) 
 
MASTERS OF ARTS 139 
 
 1531 M. SINCLARE, ANDREW, Chaplain of Newmoir. (Orig. 
 
 Paroch. vol. ii. p. 419.) 
 1554 M. SINCLARE, HENRIE, Dene of Restalrig. (Fraser, M. of 
 
 Montgomeries, i. 148.) 
 
 1541-2 M. SINCLER, HEN., R. Glasguen. (Reg. M.S. 2598.) 
 
 1558 M. SKENE, ROBERT, Master of Grammar School, Aberdeen. 
 (Edgar, o.c. p. 115.) 
 
 1562 M. SOMMERVELLE, WiL., Vic. de Kinnamie. (Laing's 
 
 Charters.) 
 M. SOMERVELL, THOMAS, Rector of Quothcan. (D. Patrick, 
 
 Statuta Ecclesiae, p. 252.) 
 1511 M. SOMERWELL, MICHAEL, R. de Libertoun. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 1524 M. DE SPALDING, JOHANNES, Decanus. (Reg. episc. Brech. 
 ii. 176.) 
 
 1504 M. SPENS, DAVID, R. de Flisk. (R.M.S. 2794.) 
 
 1510 M. SPENS, HUGO, Sacrae Theol. Professor, Decretorum 
 Doctor. (Reg. episc. Brech. ii. 163.) 
 
 1561 M, SPENS, JOANNES, S.D.N. Reginas, Advocatus. (Keith, 
 ii. p. 114.) 
 
 1509 M. SPENCE, JHONE, Channon of Murray. (Antiquities of 
 
 Aberdeen, p. 266.) 
 1501 M. SPENS, JOHN, Sub-Cantor. (Lyon, Hist, of St. Andrews, 
 
 p. 346.) 
 
 1505 M. SPENS, DAVID, in Artibus Magister, ac Canonicus 
 
 Moravien. (Reg. M.S. 2948.) 
 1509 M. SPENS, Succentor ac Officialis Moravien. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 1537 M. SPENS, HUGO, Principal of St. Salvator's College. 
 (Keith, p. 132.) 
 
 1514 M. SPENS, DAVID, R. de Flesk ac Universitatis S' Andreae. 
 
 (Reg. M.S. p. 4, No. 18.) 
 
 1515 M. SPITTALE, JAC., Capellanus S. Anthonii in rupe prope 
 
 Edinburgh. (Reg. P.S. 2634.) 
 
 1516 M. SPITTALE, ALEX., Vic. de Kynethmont. (Reg. P.S. 
 
 2743-) 
 
 1537 M. SPITTAL, ALEXANDER, Rector of Aberdeen University, 
 Canon, Prebendary of Clatt. (Officials of Aber. Univ.) 
 
 1508 M. SPITTALL, HENRICUS, S. Andrews Diocese. (Miscell. 
 
 Scot. Hist. Soc. ii. p. 47.) 
 M. SPITTAL, JOHN, Canonist. (Officials of Aber. Univ.) 
 
 1549 M. SPITTAL, JOHN, Rector of Univ. of St. Andrews. (D. 
 Patrick, Statuta, p. 86.) 
 
140 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 1536 M. SPOTTISWOOD, JOHN, of Spottiswood, took M.A. in 1536, 
 
 Vicar of Calder in 1543 ; in 1560 joined the Reformers. 
 
 (Hewison, Cert. Tract. H.S.S. p. 122.) 
 1509 M. SPREWL, JOHN, Perpetual Vic. of Carmannock. (Bain, 
 
 L. Protocollorum, 454.) 
 1555 M. SPREULL, JOHANNES, Canon. Glasg. (Reg. ep. Glasg.) 
 
 M. SPREWLLE, Vic. de Kilbrachane. (Reg. M.S. 2739.) 
 1509 M. SPROULL, WIL., V. Ecclesiae de Kibrauchan, D. Glasguen. 
 
 (Reg. P.S. 1814.) 
 
 1558 M. STENSONE, JOHN, Rector of Thankerton. (D. Patrick, 
 
 Statuta Ecclesise, p. 154.) 
 J 555 M - STEVENSON, JOHN, Vic. of Dunrod. (Orig. Paroch. 
 
 P- I33-) 
 1561 M. STEVINSON, JOHN, Praecentor Glasguen. (Keith, vol. ii. 
 
 p. 114.) 
 
 1541 M. STEVINSOUN, NICOL, N.P. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, 
 
 P- 43I-) 
 1554 M. STEVINSTOUN, Chantour of Glasgow. (Eraser, Mem. of 
 
 Montgomeries, i. 148.) 
 
 1559 M. STEWART, JOHN, Archdeacon of Aberdeen. (Keith, 
 
 P- 74-) 
 1502 M. STEWART, ANDREW, Archdeacon of Whithorn. (Bain, 
 
 L. Protocollorum, 302, 345, 346 ; Munimenta, i. p. 44 
 
 (Maitland).) 
 
 1518 M. STEWART, ARCHIBALD, R. de Kirkmahon. 
 1506 M. STEWART, JAMES, perpetual Vic. of Colmonell. (Bain, 
 
 L. Protocollorum, 346.) 
 1559 M. STEWART, JOHN. (Paris, Archives, M. Reg. xcvi. Art. 
 
 15, fol. 7.) D. May, 1581. (Du Breuil, Theatre des 
 
 Antiquitez, p. 680.) 
 1559 M. STEWART, JOH., Archdeacon of Aberdeen. (Keith, 
 
 P- 74-) 
 
 1546 M. STEWART, JOH., R. de Mofifat, Can. Glasguen. (Muni- 
 menta, ii. p. 296 (Maitland).) 
 1509 M. STEWART, JOH., N.P. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 
 
 266.) 
 1520 M. STEWART, MATTHEW, Vic. of Marboill. (Eraser, Mem. 
 
 of Montgomeries, i. 91.) 
 
 1528 M. STEWART, MATTHEW, Vic. de Menmyre, N.P. 
 1525 M. STEWART, ROBERTUS, Reg. ep. Glasg. 
 1515-16 M. STEWART, Persoun of Cardross. (Reg. P.S. 2723.) 
 1576 M. STEWART, THEOPHILUS, " Maister of the grammar 
 
 schuill of Aid Aberdeen " ; d. 20 March, 1576. 
 1557 M. STEWART, THOMAS. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 676.) 
 
MASTERS OF ARTS 141 
 
 1531 M. STEWART, THO., Thesaurarius Cathanen. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 1098.) 
 1503 M. STEWART, WILL., Can. Glasguen. (Munimenta, i. 28 
 
 (Maitland).) 
 1516 M. STEWART, WILL., Persoun of Lochmabene. (Reg. P.S. 
 
 2747-) 
 
 1532 M. STEWART, WILL., Vic. of Pitcaitland. (Book of Diurn. 
 
 Occurrents, p 114.) 
 
 1509 M. STEWART, WILL., R. of Cumbertrees. (Bain, L. Proto- 
 collorum, 458.) 
 
 1531 M. STEWART, WILL., Provost of Lincluden. (Records of 
 
 Old Aberdeen (New Spalding), ii. 291.) 
 
 M. STIRLING, LUKE. Says mass in the House of the Countess 
 of Glencairn. (Wm. Metcalfe, H. of Renfrew, p. 233.) 
 
 1559 M. STRACHAN, JAMES, Parson of Belhelvie. (Keith, p. 74.) 
 
 1498 Dec. M. STRACHAN, WILLIAM, Cleric of the Diocese of 
 Aberdeen. (Records of Old Aberdeen (New Spalding), 
 p. 267.) 
 
 M. Jacobus Strachan, qui coram omni consilio, contra 
 Knoxium, Villoxium, et Goodmanum Calvinistam 
 Anglum, tarn acriter, pie ac docte de rebus fidei dis- 
 putarunt, ut non tantum Catholici, quique confirma- 
 rentur, sed et plerique ex obstinatissimis haereticorum 
 mutarent. (David Chambers, De Scotorum Fortitudine, 
 p. 274.) Cardinal du Perron used to say of Strachan that 
 he was the most honest man he had ever seen and that 
 he ought to be put on the list of the royal preachers. 
 (Perroniana, etc., p. 306, Geneva, 1669, 8.) 
 
 1539 M. STRANG, ANDREAS, Notarius. (Antiquities of Aber- 
 deen, p. 250.) 
 
 1503 M. STRANG, HEN., Capellanus. (Reg. M.S. 2769.) 
 
 1529 M. STRATHAUCHIN, GILBERT, Rector of Aberdeen University 
 
 (Officials of Aber. Univ.) 
 1527 M. STRATHAUCHIN, GILB., Persoun de Fethircairn, Protho- 
 
 notar. apostolic. (Reg. P.S. 3884.) 
 
 1556 M. STRATHAUCHIN, JACOB., Canon. Abirdonen. (Reg. M.S. 
 1078.) 
 
 1542 M. STRATHAUCHIN, JAMES, Prebendary of Bethelvy. (Offi- 
 cials of Aber. Univ.) 
 
 1504 M. STRATHACHIN, Ric., R. de Esse. (Reg. M.S. 2811.) 
 
 1529 M. STRATHAUCHIN, JAC., Rector de Fethicarne, Artium 
 Professor ac N.P. (Reg. M.S. 926.) 
 
 1511 M. STRATOUN, GILB., Vic. de Inverkelour. (Reg. M.S. 3790.) 
 1502 M. STRATOUN, Rect. de Drunnotir. (Reg. M.S. 2716.) 
 
142 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 1512 M. STRAUGHIN, DAVID, St. Andrews Diocese. (Miscell. Scot. 
 
 Hist. Soc. ii. p. 47.) 
 1531 M. STRAUTHAUCHIN, ALEX. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, 
 
 P- 97-) 
 
 1554 M. STRIUELING, JAMES, Rect. of Kilmoden. (Antiquities 
 
 of Aberdeen, p. 97.) 
 
 1510 M. STRIUELING, GEO., V. de Brekky. (Reg. M.S. 3481.) 
 1529 M. SUTHIRLAND, ALEXANDER, Dean of Cathanes. (Orig. 
 
 Paroch. ii. 616.) 
 
 1540 M. SUTHIRLAND, Decanus Cathanen. (Reg. M.S. 2248.) 
 1553 M. SYMON, CUTHBERTUS, Vic. de Dalyell, Notarius Publicus, 
 
 Scriba Capituli Glasg. (Reg. ep. Glasg. p. iv, note.) 
 1546 M. SYMPILL, PETER, Prebend, de Nethirton. (Reg. M.S. 52.) 
 
 1502 M. SYMSON, JACOBUS, Scotus. (Univ. of Orleans, Miscell. 
 
 Hist. Soc. of Scotland.) 
 
 1501 M. SYMSON, CUTHBERT, Chaplain of St. Nicholas's Hospital. 
 (Orig. Paroch. ii. 500.) 
 
 1529 M. SYMSOUN, JAC., Vic. de Mahouse. (Reg. M.S. 897.) 
 
 1555 M. SYNCLER, HENRY, Dene of Glasgow. (Munimenta, i. 
 
 60 (Maitland).) 
 1558 M. TALZEFER, ARTHUR, Canon of Aberdeen. (D. Patrick, 
 
 Statuta Ecclesise Scoticanae.) 
 1540 M. TALZEFER, or TAILLIEFERE, LAURENT., Thesaurarius 
 
 Dunkelden. (Reg. M.S. 2350.) 
 1504 M TIRY, GILBERTUS, Vic. de Cargill. (Reg. M.S. 2797.) 
 
 1511 M. TIRY, JOHN, Rector de Ballingay. (Reg. M.S. 3808.) 
 1511 M. TIRY, WILLELMUS, Vic. de Kingeldrum. (Reg. M.S.) 
 
 1530 M. THOMPSON, Rector of Olrik. (Orig. Paroch. ii. 752.) 
 1510 M. THOMPSON, JOH., Rector Scholarum, Dunkeld. (Reg. 
 
 M.S. 3482.) 
 
 1549 M. THOONTOUN, JAMES, Subdean of Ross : d. 14 Nov. 
 1569. (Orig. Paroch. ii. 577.) 
 
 1515 M. THORNTON, JOHN, Precentor of Moray. (Scott Myln, 
 Master Masons to the Crown, p. 56.) 
 
 1514 M. THORNTOUN, Capellanus, N.P. (Reg. M.S. p. 3.) 
 
 M. THORNTOUN, JOHN, Precentor of Moray. (Orig. Paroch. 
 vol. ii. part ii, p. 419.) 
 
 1565 M. THORNTOUN, JAMES, Secretary to Archbishop of Glas- 
 gow. (Letter of Queen Mary to Elizabeth, 27 May, 1565.) 
 
 1507 M. TOURNEBULLE, STEPHANUS. (Miscell. Scot. Hist. SoC. 
 
 vol. ii. pp. 47, 114.) See Trumbill, Trumbull, and 
 Turnbull. 
 
 1503 M. TOURS, DAVID, St. Andrews Diocese. (Miscell. Scot. Hist. 
 
 Soc. vol. ii. pp. 47, 114.) 
 
MASTERS OF ARTS US 
 
 1556 M. TRUMBILL, DAVID. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 251.) 
 
 See Trumbull and Turnbull. 
 1500 M. TRUMBULL, WILZAM, Person of Annand, to pass of 
 
 Kingis command to the Court of Rome. (Reg. P.S. 
 
 602.) 
 
 1532 M. TULLIDEF, ANDREW. (P. J. Anderson, Aberdeen Friars, 
 
 P- 79-) 
 
 1507 M. TULLOCH, NICH., Vic. de Ruthvene. (Reg. M.S. 3326.) 
 1524 M. TURING, .Vic. de Bonkle. (Reg. P.S. 3325.) 
 1510 M. TURNBULL, ADAM, R. of Annan. (Bain, L. Proto- 
 
 collorum, 461.) 
 
 1533 M. TURNBULL, GEO., Vic. de Largo. (Reg. M.S. 1355.) 
 M. TYRIE, JAMES. (See Bibliography.) 
 
 1535 M. TYRY, GILB., Rect. de Lyn. (Reg. M.S. 1489.) 
 
 1548 M. URQUHART, WILLIAM, Vicar of Fodderty. (Orig. Paroclu 
 ii. 498.) 
 
 1520 M. UTHINSPOUNE, NICOLL, Vic. of Strauthuwane. (Fraser, 
 M. of Montgomeries, i. p. 91.) 
 
 1544 M. VAUCHOP, or WAUCHOP, ROBERT. (See Bibliography.) 
 
 15... M. VAUS, JOHN, Humanist. (Officials of Aber. Univ.) 
 
 1556 M. VAUS, MAGNUS, Rector de Y. (Reg. ep. Morav. p. 410 ; 
 Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 251.) 
 
 1558 M. VAUS, PATRICK, Rector of Wigtown. (D. Patrick, 
 Statuta Ecclesiae Scoticanae.) 
 
 1548 M. VITE, ALEXANDER, Capellanus. (Reg. episc. Brech. ii. 
 I97-) 
 
 1529 M. VOCAT, DAVID, Principal Maister and Teacher of the 
 grammar Scule of the burgh of Edinburgh. M. Hary 
 Henrisoun Commaister with him. (Reg. M.S. 918 ; Scott 
 My In, Master Masons to the Crown, p. 16.) 
 
 1550 M. WALKAR, MICHAEL, Canon of Dunkeld. (Laing's Char- 
 ters, p. 146.) 
 
 1506 M. WALKER, JOHN, Rector de Lus. (Reg. M.S. 3034.) 
 
 1571 M. WALKINSHAW, PATRICK, Chaplain to the Countess of 
 Glencairn. (W. Metcalfe, H. of Renfrew, p. 233.) 
 
 1506 M. WALLES, Vicar of Linlithgow. 
 
 1539 M. WALTERSON, ROBERT, a co-regent of Major, Provost 
 of Bethany and Rector of Pellcokkis (No. 1902, 
 Great Seal Reg. 8 April, 1539 ; Liber Protocollorum, 
 p. 528 ; Reg. M.S. 1962.) 
 
 1539 M. WALTERSTOUN, ROB., Hadingtoniani, Rect. de Petcokkis. 
 (Reg. M.S. 1962.) 
 
 1505 M. WAN, MARTIN, Chancellor of Glasgow. (Bain, L. 
 Protocollorum, 339.) 
 
144 PKE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 1542 M. WANDORSTOUN, WIL., R. de Gogar, in Medicinis 
 Doctor. (R. M.S. n. 2662.) 
 
 1505 M. WARDLAW, Capellanus, in Eccl. S 1 Andreae. (Reg. M.S. 
 2850.) 
 
 1544 M. WATSON, JAMES, Rector of Elloa, bought a large man- 
 sion. (Ban. Miscell. vol. i. p. 185, May, 1544.) 
 
 1504 M. WATSON, JOHN. (Regist. Aberdeen, p. Ix ; Innes 
 
 Orig. Paroch.) 
 
 1540 M. WATSON, Jo., in sacris literis licentiate can. ecclesiae de 
 
 Aberdene. (Maitland Club Miscellany, No. n.) 
 1508 M. WATSOUN, JAMES, Persoun of Ellem, to pass to St. 
 
 Andrews grafe beside Napillis, and thairefter to remane 
 
 in Italic at his study for the space of vi ^eris to cum. 
 
 (Reg. P.S. 1606.) 
 1501-16 M. WAUCHOPE, DAVID, Prebendar of Raffil, Dioc. of 
 
 St. Andrews. (University of Orleans, Miscell. Hist. 
 
 Soc. of Scotland ; Scott Myln, Master Masons to the 
 
 Crown, p. 29.) 
 
 1500 M. WAUS, MARTYNE, Parson of Towy, Dioc. of Aberdeen. 
 (Reg. P.S. 587.) 
 
 1554 M. WAUS, PATRICK, Parson of Wigtoun. (Orig. Paroch. 
 ii. 450.) 
 
 1542-49 M. WAVINE, JAMES, Canon Prebendary of Oyne. (Offi- 
 cials of Aber. Univ.) 
 
 1505 M. WAWANE, WILLIAM, Official of Louthiane. (Reg. P.S. 
 
 1184.) 
 
 1516 M. WAWANE, WIL., Cancellarius Rossen. (Reg. M.S. p. 23.) 
 1510 M. WEDDELL, JOH., Channoun of Spiny. (Reg. P.S. 2137.) 
 
 1523 M. WEDDERBURN, ROBERT, Capellanus et N.P. (Reg. 
 M.S. p. 58.) 
 
 1539 M. WEIDDALE, JOH., R. de Flisk. (Reg. M.S. 2063.) 
 
 1512 M. WEIR, JOHANNES, Notarius Publicus. (Regis, episc. 
 Brech. ii. 166.) 
 
 1517 M. WEMYS, HEN., Officialis Candide Case. (Reg. M.S. No. 
 
 J 45-) 
 
 1512 M. WEMYSS, JAC., de Lathokker. (Reg. M.S. 976.) 
 517 M. WEMYS, JOH., Vic. de Dalmellintoun. (Reg. M.S. No. 
 
 I45-) 
 1512 M. WEMYSS, ROBERTUS. (Reg. ep. Glasg. 490.) 
 
 1510 M. WEYR, MUNGO, R. of Liberton. (Bain, L. Proto- 
 collorum, 461.) 
 
 1538-9 Feb. 27 M. WHITE, HENRY, Dean of Brechin. (M. Bryce, 
 H. of Black Friars, Edinburgh, p. 89.) 
 
UNIVERSITY OF ORLEANS: THE GREAT HALL. 
 
MASTERS OF ARTS 145 
 
 1509 M. WHITELAW, Subdean in the Church of Glasgow. (Bain, 
 
 L. Protocollorum, 453.) 
 
 1508 M. WHITLAW, ARCHIBALD, founder of chaplaincy in Church 
 of Glasgow. (Bain, L. Protocollorum, 423.) 
 
 1510 M. WILKIE, ROBERT, Principal of St. Leonard's College. 
 
 (Herkless, H. of St. Leonard's College, p. 29.) 
 1523 M. WILLIAMSON, JOHN, Vic. de Caldor, Decanus Linlithgow. 
 (Reg. M.S. p. 54.) 
 
 1511 M. WILLIAMSON, JOHANNES, Prseceptor Ecclesiae de Brechin. 
 
 (Reg. P.S. 2235.) 
 1513 M. WILLIAMSON. (University of Orleans, Miscell. Hist. 
 
 Soc. of Scotland.) 
 1554 M. WILLIAMSON, JOH., Prepositus de Seytoun. (Reg. M.S. 
 
 909.) 
 
 1531 M. WILLOCK, JACOBUS. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 326.) 
 1530 M. WILSON, JAC., Capellanus et N.P. (Reg. M.S. 769.) 
 1560 M. WILSOUN, STEVIN. (Laing, Knox, ii. p. 180.) 
 1536 M. WILSOUNE, JACOBUS, Presbyter et Notarius Publicus. 
 
 (Eraser, M. of Montgomeries, i. 123.) 
 
 1504 M. WiL5AMSOUN, JOH., V. of Kirkliston. (Reg. P.S. 1015.) 
 1549 M. WINRAM, JOHN, Doctor in Theology, St. Andrews. 
 
 (D. Patrick, Statuta, p. 86.) 
 1560 M. WINZETUS, NINIANUS, Scotus Licentiatus, 12 julii, 1575, 
 
 Doctor of Sorbonne. (See Bibliography ; Knox, Records 
 
 of English Catholics, vol. i. 274.) 
 
 1511 M. WITHERSPOON, NICHOLAS, Presbyter. (Bain, L. Proto- 
 collorum, 510.) 
 1528 M. WOD, ALEX., Cancellarius Capellae Regiae Strivilingensis. 
 
 (Reg. P.S. 4119 ; Reg. M.S. 782, 1093.) 
 1502 M. WOD, HEN., Can. Eccles. Cathed. Dunkeldensis. (Reg. 
 
 M.S. 2655.) 
 1535 M. WOUD, JOANNES, N.P. (Antiquities of Aberdeen, p. 
 
 468.) 
 
 1547 M. WYSMAN, WILLIAM. (Antiquities of Aberdeen.) 
 1545 M. WYSMAN, WILLELMUS, presbyter. (Reg. ep. Morav. 
 
 P- 392.) 
 1535 M. YOUNG, LAURENTIUS, Camerarius Aberdonen. (Reg. 
 
 M.S. 1473.) 
 
 The present list does not include many names of 
 Masters of Arts recorded in the MS. volumes of the 
 Register of the Privy Seal. 
 
NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 PROCURATORS OF THE SCOTTISH NATION AND 
 STUDENTS OF LAW AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ORLEANS 
 
 1501 Magister David Wauchope, Diocese of St. Andrews. 
 
 1501 ,, George Logan, Rector of Lestalrig. 
 
 1502 ,, David Borthik. 
 
 1502 ,, Jacobus Simson. 
 
 1503 Gilbert North. 
 I53 John Cockburne. 
 
 1507 ,, Robert Blackadir, Rector of Metropolitan Church, 
 
 Glasgow. 
 I 57 James Heriot, Vicar of the Church of St. Michael, 
 
 Dumfries. 
 
 1511 ,, John Lethane, Diocese of Glasgow. 
 
 1512 ,, Jacobus Foullis, Edinburgensis. 
 
 1 5 1 3 Francis Bothwell. 
 1513 ,, Williamson. 
 
 1513 ,, William Johnstone, St. Andrews Diocese. 
 I 5 I 3 David Beton, the most meritorious Chancellor of 
 Glasgow. 
 
 1519 ,, Peter Houstane, of the Diocese of Dunkeld. 
 
 1520 ,, Andrew Ayton, of Dunkeld Diocese. 
 
 1520 ,, George Beton, of St. Andrews Diocese. 
 
 1521 ,, John Hepburn, of St. Andrews Diocese. 
 
 1525 ,, Robert Graye, Doctor of Medicine and Bachelor of 
 
 Canon Law, Aberdeen. 
 I 53 Thomas Crow, of Glasgow Diocese, Canon of 
 
 Metropolitan Church of Aberdeen. 
 1501 ,, Renatus Cockburn. 
 1503 ,, David Tours, S 5 . Andreae Dioces. 
 
 1507 ,, Stephanus Tournebulle. 
 
 1508 ,, Jacobus Ogilvius, Aberd. Dioc. 
 
 1508 ,, Alexander Bercular (Barclay ?), Morav. Dioc. 
 
 1508 ,, Henricus Spittall, S. And. Dioc. 
 
 151 Jacobus Lansour (Lawson ?), S. Andreae Dioc. 
 
 1510-12 ,, Arthur Boetius, Brechin Diocese. 
 
 1512 Johannes Hamylton, S. Andreae Dioc. 
 
NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS 147 
 
 1512 Magister David Straughin, S. Andreae Dioc. 
 
 1514 ,, Andrew de Cerize, of the Diocese of Orleans, but 
 
 descended from a most noble family of Scots. 
 1521 ,, George Hepburn, of St. Andrews Diocese. 
 *537 Guy Cassard, of " Eduen " Diocese. 
 
 1513 ,, Walter Beton, St. Andrews Diocese. 
 
 (Miscell. Scot. Hist. Soc., vol. ii. 47-114.) 
 
 STUDENTS OF LAW AT THE UNIVERSITY OF PADUA 
 
 NOMINA quae sequuntur juristarum nationis Scoticae universitatis 
 Patavinae, saeculi xvi. : 
 
 1534 Claudius Brocarcius, Scotus. 
 
 Bernardus Ginellus, Scotus. 
 
 Ugetus Arnuldus, Scotus. 
 
 Georgius Onis, Scotus. 
 1535-6 Andreas Brocardus, Scotus. 
 
 Jacobus Diourges, Scotus. 
 
 Jacobus Galison, Scotus. 
 1537-8 Joannes Paulus Bassinus, Scotus. 
 1540-1 Leonardus Waltrinus, Scotus. 
 I 54 I ~3 Leonardus Waltrinus, Scotus. 
 
 Johannes Leonardus Waltrinus, Scotus. 
 1 548-9 Thomas Petrus Lauenata, Scotus. 
 1564-5 Henricus Shrenner, Scotus. 1 
 
 INSTITUTION OF THE COURT OF SESSION IN 1532 
 
 THE great window in the Parliament Hall of Edinburgh represents 
 the Institution of the Court of Session by James V. in 1532, as 
 it is recorded by the following narrative of the first meeting of 
 the Court of Session, preserved in the Register House : 
 
 " The Session was begun in presence of the most excellent and 
 most serene King and Lord, our Lord James, the Fifth of that 
 name, at Edinburgh, upon the 2yth day of the month of May, 
 in the year of our Lord, 1532, by the most Revd. Father in Christ, 
 Gavin, Archbishop of Glasgow, Lord High Chancellor, by the 
 Venble Fathers in Christ, famous, noble, and prudent Lords, 
 Alexander, Abbot of the Monastery of Cambuskenneth, Lord 
 President, Master Richard Bothuile, Rector of Ashkirk, Sir John 
 Dingwell, Provost of the Church of the Holy Trinity, near Edin- 
 burgh, Master Henry Quhyte, Rector of the Church of Finhaven, 
 
 1 De natione Anglicana et Scota Juristarum Universitatis Patavines (lo. 
 Al. Andrich Patavii, 1892.) 
 
 K 2 
 
148 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 Master William Gibson, Dean of the Collegiate Church of Rest- 
 lerig, Master Thomas Hay, Dean of the Church of Dunbar all 
 elected by our aforesaid Sovereign Lord the King, in his last 
 Parliament, with consent of the three Estates of his Realm 
 (Master Robert Shanwell, Vicar of Kircaldy, and Master Arthur 
 Boyes, who were elected in the same manner, being absent), 
 by Robert, Abbot of Kinross, and Master George Ker, Provost of 
 Dunglass, now elected and admitted by the same our Lord the 
 King, by Sir William Scott of Balwery, Knight, by Sir John 
 Campbell of Lundy, Knight, by James Colville of East Wemyss, 
 Director of the Chancery, by Master Adam Otterburn of Auld- 
 hame, Provost of Edinburgh, by Nicholas Crawford of Oxengangis, 
 Clerk of Justiciary, by Master Francis Bothwell, and Master James 
 Lawson, elected in like manner in the aforesaid Parliament. 
 
 " The which day, in presence of the King's Grace, all the afore- 
 said persons are sworn to do and minister justice to all our 
 Sovereign Lord's lieges in all causes that shall happen to come 
 before them according to their conscience, knowledge and under- 
 standing, as they shall answer to God and his highness the King." 
 (Translated by the late Joseph Robertson, LL.D.) 
 
 FOUNDATIONS AND ENDOWMENTS OF EDUCATIONAL 
 INSTITUTIONS 
 
 (From 1512 to 1560) 
 
 1512 Archbishop Alexander Stewart, a pupil of Erasmus, turned 
 his attention to Prior Hepburn's scheme for a college for 
 poor students. On August 20, 1512, the Archbishop, the 
 Prior, and the Convent granted a charter of foundation for 
 the College of St. Leonard, hereafter to be called the 
 College of the Poor Clerks of the Church of St. Andrews. 
 Alexander's purpose, the charter states, was not that 
 paupers should be nourished in the College, but that the 
 number of learned men should increase to the glory of 
 God and the edification of the people. 1 
 
 1518 The Dean of Dunkeld established a foundation for five or 
 six Dominican students, and a decree by the Chapter- 
 General of the year 1525 marks the success of some of 
 those students. 2 
 
 1522 " Greit sowmes of money are given by Maister Gilbert 
 Kennedy to the bigging, supportation and reparation of 
 the University of Glasgow." 3 
 
 1 Herkless and Hannan, College of St. Leonard, pp. 127-136 ; Gunn, 
 Peebles' Church, p. 104. 
 
 2 Moir Bryce, Black Friars of Edinburgh, p. 28. 
 3 Coutts, Hist, of the University of Glasgow. 
 
NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS 149 
 
 1525 Sir W. Myrton, Vicar of Lathrisk, showed himself a bene- 
 factor of the town by founding schools there in 1525, one 
 being for the teaching of grammar and the other of music. 1 
 
 1528 M. James Houston, Rector of the University of Glasgow, 
 
 made an endowment for the support of three boys " skilled 
 in singing and learned in letters and science and of good 
 character." 2 
 
 1529 Abbot Reid, who ruled the Abbey of Kinloss from 1529 to 
 
 1541, besides enriching the house with many books and 
 promoting learning among its inmates, greatly improved 
 the Church. 
 
 I53 8 James Beaton, Archbishop of St. Andrews, was a patron of 
 learning, and founded an additional College within the 
 University of St. Andrews. It was called St. Mary's 
 College, and was intended to promote the cultivation of 
 divinity, the civil and canon law, natural philosophy, 
 medicine, and other liberal studies. The foundation was 
 confirmed by Paul III. in February, 1538. 3 
 
 1542 The Grammar School at Crail was established and endowed 
 in 1542 by Sir David Bowman, Prebendary of the Altar 
 of St. James the Apostle, in St. Mary's Collegiate Church. 
 Three years later, a grammar school was founded in con- 
 nexion with the College of Biggar, to which the founder 
 appointed one of the prebendaries as teacher. 4 
 
 1532-45 William Stewart, Bishop of Aberdeen, built " the librarie 
 hous, and with a number of books furnisht the same, as 
 also he built the Jewell, or charter hous and vestrie or 
 chapter hous for the University." 5 
 
 1545 A charter of Bishop Reid enjoins that the master of the 
 school at Kirkwall should prove his qualifications before 
 three leading officials. 6 
 
 1558 To the liberality of Reid, last Catholic Bishop of Orkney, is 
 owing the foundation of the College of Edinburgh. He 
 left 800 marks for the purpose ; whereby the Magistrates 
 of Edinburgh were enabled in 1581 to purchase from the 
 last Provost oi the Kirk of Field the ground on which the 
 first buildings of the University were afterwards erected 
 in Nicolson Street, Edinburgh David Laing agrees with 
 
 1 M'Gibbon and Ross, Ecclesiastical A rchitecture of Scotland, vol. iii. 
 
 * Liber Collegii N. Domina et S. Anna (Maitland Club). 
 
 * A. Lang, Hist, of St. Andrews, p. 96. 
 
 4 Lee, Hist, of the Church in Scotland, Appendix No. IV., on the 
 Grammar School of Crail ; J. Grant, Burgh Schools, p. 125 ; M'Gibbon 
 and Ross, Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland, iii. 343. 
 
 * Records of University of Aberdeen, p. 533. 
 
 * J. Edgar, Hist, of Scottish Education, p. 144. 
 
150 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 Bishop Keith that Reid was the true founder of Edinburgh 
 University in I558. 1 By his will (1558), Bishop Reid 
 left an endowment for the education of young gentle- 
 women. 
 
 James Beaton, the last Archbishop of Glasgow, after serving 
 as Ambassador for three generations of Scots Kings, at 
 last left all his wealth (80,000 livres) to the Scots College 
 for the education of poor Scotsmen. 
 
 JOHN MAJOR 
 (SUPPLEMENT TO THE LIST OF His WORKS) 
 
 Logic and Philosophy 
 MAJOR (JOHANNES). 
 
 Exponibilia magistri Johannis maioris. Paris, 1503. 
 
 Colophon : Exponibilia . . . Impressa parisii (sic) opera iohannis 
 lamberti impensis Dyonisii Roce mercatoris sub divi martini 
 ymagine vici sancti iacobi mora tenetis. Anno dni millesimo 
 quingetesimo tertio in Kalendis Augusti. Finiunt feliciter. 
 Paris, Mazarin ; Aberdeen University. 
 
 Commentum Iohannis Dorp super textu summularum 
 loannis Buridani nuperrime castigatum a Johanne Majoris cum 
 aliquibus additionibus ejusdem. Paris, 1504, fol. 
 
 Prantl, Geschichte der Logik, vol. iv. p. 14. 
 
 Medulla dyalectices edita a perspicacissimo artium praecep- 
 tore Hieronymo Pardo . . . de novo correcta et emendata cum 
 tabula notabilium ... in sacra theologia baccalaurium necno 
 peracutissimu virum magistrum Ortiz. Paris, 1505, fol. 
 British Museum. 
 
 Inclitarum artium ac sacrae paginae doctoris acutissimi Johannis, 
 Majoris, Scoti, Libri quos in artibus in Collegi Montis Acuti 
 Parisiis regetado Copilavit hoc in volumine Cotinentur . . . 
 Paris, 1506, fol. 
 
 Letter addressed to Ninianus Hume. 
 
 Letter from Antony Caronel to his brother Louis Caronel. 
 Paris, Bibl. Nationale ; Cambridge University. 
 
 Johannes Dorp recognitus et Auctus. Summule Buridani. 
 Recognitus a magistro nostro Joanne Majore, Cum annotationibus 
 Et postillis in margine libri de novo insertis. Lugduni, 1510, 4. 
 Cf. Prantl, vol. iv. p. 237. 
 
 1 D. Laing, Works of Knox, i. 264. 
 
NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS 151 
 
 Magister Joannes Majoris Scotus. Inclitarum artium, etc. 
 Venudantur vero Lugduni, in intersignio Quinque plagarum 
 Salvatoris J. C. & Tolose in eodem intersignio in vico Portarietis. 
 
 1513- 
 
 Paris, Bibl. Nationale. 
 
 Exponibilia magistri Johannis Majoris. Paris, 1513, 8 a. ii. 
 Aberdeen University. 
 
 Inclytarum artium ac sacre pagine doctoris acutissimi M. 
 J. M. Scoti libri quos in artibus . . . regentando in lucem emisit 
 . . . venundantur Lugduni ... a martino boillon, 1516, 4. 
 Bodleian ; Advocates' Library, Edinburgh. 
 
 Insolubilia Joannis Majoris nunq. prius impressa. Sequitur 
 tractatus obligationum ejusdem J. M. 1516, fol. 
 Paris, Mazarin ; British Museum. 
 
 Aureum opus moraliu . . . iacobi almain S. T. D. . . . a 
 doctissimo viro mag'ro Johane magistro Maioris sacrae sophie 
 professore nuper studiosissime revisu. Paris, 8. 
 University of St. Andrews. 
 
 Summule Majoris Parhisiis ab eodem composite et revise, 
 quibus per eundem adjecti sunt duo tractatus insolubilium scilicet 
 et obligationum. . . . Venalia reperiuntur in edibus johannis 
 Parvi sub intersignio Lilii. . . . Paris, 1510, 4. (See L. Delisle, 
 L'imprimerie d Caen, vol. i. p. 219.) 
 Bibl. Nationale. 
 
 Introductorium in Aristotelica dialecticen totaque Logice 
 M. Joanis Maioris ; prelo Ascensiano excusum. Paris, 1521, 4. 
 Advocates' Library, Edinburgh. 
 
 Introductorium perutile in Aristotelicam dialecticen duos 
 terminorum tractatus, ac Quinque Libros Summularum com- 
 plectens. M. loannis Maioris Philosophi ac Theologi Parisiensis 
 denuo ab eodem Summa vigilatia repositu. Paris, 1527, fol. 
 
 Cambridge ; St. Andrews. 
 We meet with the following editions : 
 
 Paris, J. Petit, 1508 (Prantl, iv. 248). 
 
 Paris, J. Lambert, 1509 (Watt, Bibliotheca). 
 
 Lugduni apud J. Ryum (Freebairn). 
 
 Octo Libri physicorum cum naturali philosophia atque 
 metaphysica J. M. Paris, 1526, fol. 
 
 Letter to Jean Bouillache. 
 
 Cambridge University ; Edinburgh University. 
 
152 PRE-REFORMATION SCHOLARS 
 
 Quaestiones logicales M. J. M. Hadyngtonani, jam primo in 
 lucem missae. Parisiis, Viajacobaea, 1528, fol. 
 Letter of J. Major to Dr. Jean Weddel. 
 
 Cambridge University ; Advocates' Library. 
 
 Ethica Aristotelis Peripateticorum principis. Cum lo. Maioris 
 Theologi Parisiensis comentariis. 
 
 Letter to Cardinal Wolsey (Paris), 1530, fol. 
 
 British Museum ; Signet Library, Edinburgh. 
 
 Commentaries " in primum Sententiarum." 
 Joannes Maior in primu Sententiarum. Paris, 1510, fol. 
 Letter to Georges Hepburn, Abbot of Arbroath, die 7 cal. 
 January, 1509 (fol. 16). 
 
 Dialogus . . . inter Gauuin douglas, ecclesie b. Egidii edenburg. 
 prefect, et M. Davidem cranstonem in sacra theosophia bacca- 
 lareum formatum . . . (fol. 2, b.). 
 
 Impressum et exaratum est hoc opus Parisiis, per Henricum 
 Stephanum, impensis. . . . Jodoci badii ascensii. Parisiis, 1510, 
 fol. 
 
 Paris University ; British Museum ; Cambridge ; St. 
 Andrews. 
 
 In primum Sententiarum. Parisiis, 1517, fol. 
 Advocates' Library, Edinburgh. 
 
 Joannes Maior in secundum Sententiarum. Venundatur in 
 edibus J. Parui et Jod. Badii Ascensii. Paris, 1510, fol. 
 
 In secundum Sententiarum, folio, Parisiis, 1519. Parisiis, 1528. 
 
 British Museum ; Cambridge ; St. Andrews. 
 Super tertium Sententiarum. Parisiis, 1519. 
 
 Bodleian ; Advocates' Library. 
 In primum Sententiarum disputationes. Paris, 1530, fol. 
 
 Oxford and Cambridge. 
 
 Preface addressed by Major to his namesake " Jean Major 
 Eckius." 
 
 Oxford ; Cambridge. 
 
 Quartus Sententiarum Johannis Majoris. Paris, 1512, fol. 
 Paris, Bibl. Nationale ; Aberdeen University. 
 
 In Quartum Sententiarum . . . 
 
 Robert Senalis J. Maiori Praeceptori suo. 
 
 In Chalcographia J. Badii Ascensii. Paris, 1516, fol. 
 
 British Museum. 
 In quartum, etc. Paris, 1519, fol. 
 
NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS 153 
 
 Tabula alphabetica by Magr. Georgius Lokert, Scotus. 
 Preface dedicated to Gavin Douglas, Bishop of Dunkeld, and 
 Robert Cockburn, Bishop of Ross. 
 
 British Museum ; Bodleian ; Cambridge ; Advocates' 
 Library ; Glasgow ; Aberdeen. 
 Super tertium Sententiarum Parisiis, 1517, fol. 
 
 Cambridge ; Advocates' Library ; St. Andrews. 
 In tertium Sententiarum disputationes. Paris, 1518, fol. 
 
 Cambridge ; Advocates' Library ; Aberdeen. 
 In quartum Sententiarum quaestiones utilissimae, etc., Parisiis. 
 
 I. M. . . . In Quartum Sententiarum quaestiones utilissimae, 
 etc., Venundantur Parhisiis in aedibus loannis Parvi in Vico 
 Sancti lacobi, etc. Paris, 1521, fol. 
 
 Cambridge ; St. Andrews ; Signet Library, Edinburgh. 
 
 Adamus Goddamus, super iv. libros Sententiarum, etc., 
 Parrhysiis, per J. Barbier, 1512, fol. 
 
 Preface and life of the author, " De vita Ade," by Major. 
 
 British Museum ; Bodleian ; Cambridge University. 
 
 Reportata super primum (secundum, tertium, quartum) 
 Sententiaru fratris Joannis duns Scoti ordinis minorum, doctoris 
 subtilis Parisien. nunq; antea impressa. Paris, 1517-1518, fol. 
 
 Edited under the supervision of Major. 
 
 Holy Scripture. 
 
 lo. M. ... in Matheu ad literam expositio, una cum tre- 
 centis et octo dubilis et difficultatibus ad ejus elucidationem 
 admodum conducetibus passim insertis, quibus perlectis pervia 
 erit quatuor evangelistarum series. Fol., Parisiis, 1518. 
 
 Preface addressed to James Beaton, Archbishop of Glasgow. 
 
 Cambridge ; Advocates' Library ; St. Andrews ; Mazarin, 
 Paris. 
 
INDEX TO BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 Adam 1'Ecossais, ou Le Pr- 
 montrg, 40. 
 
 Balfour, Robert, Professor of 
 
 Greek at Bordeaux, 94. 
 Barclay, Alexander, 25. 
 Barclay, John, 96. 
 Barclay, William, Professor of 
 
 Humanities in Paris, 92. 
 Bassentin, James, Astronomer, 
 
 56. 
 
 Beilenden, John, 46. 
 Bisset, Patrick, 65. 
 Black, John, O.P., 69. 
 Blackwood, Adam, 62. 
 Boece, Hector, Doctor of the 
 
 Sorbonne, 41. 
 Burne, Nicol, 30, 86. 
 
 Caubraith, Robert, 34. 
 Chambers, David (Camerarius), 
 
 77- 
 
 Chambers, John, 98. 
 Chrichton, George, 74. 
 Cheyne, James, Rector of the 
 
 University of Paris, 75. 
 Cockburn, Patrick, Professor of 
 
 Oriental Languages, Paris, 
 
 5L 52- 
 
 Complaynt of Scotland, 50. 
 Crab, Gilbert, 32. 
 Cranston, David, Doctor of the 
 
 Sorbonne, 32. 
 Craston, Joannes, 34. 
 Crichton, James, the Admirable, 
 
 78. 
 
 Douglas, Gawin, Bishop of Dun- 
 
 keld, 45. 
 
 Dunbar, William, 27. 
 Durie, John, S.J., 85. 
 
 Elder, Adam, 56. 
 
 Elder, John, 54. 
 
 Elphinston, William, Bishop of 
 
 Aberdeen, 30. 
 Espenceus, Claudius, Rector of 
 
 the University of Paris, 18. 
 
 Gordon, James, of Huntly, Doc- 
 tor of the Sorbonne, 70. 
 
 Gray, John, de Haddington, 
 Artium et Theologiae Doc- 
 toris, 25. 
 
 Hamilton, Archibald, 77. 
 Hamilton, Franciscus, 91. 
 Hamilton, John, Archbishop of 
 
 St. Andrews, 52. 
 Hamilton, John, Rector of the 
 
 University of Paris, 82. 
 Hay, Archibald, 47. 
 Hay, Edmund, 62. 
 Hay, John, O.S.F., 58. 
 Hay, John, Chancellor of the 
 
 University of Pont-a-Mous- 
 
 son, 79. 
 
 Hay, Sampson, 91. 
 Henryson, Edward, 55. 
 
 Irlandia, John de, Rector of the 
 University of Paris, 36. 
 
 Johnstone, John, 46. 
 
 Kennedy, Quintin, 57. 
 King, Adam, Professor of Philo- 
 sophy and Mathematics, 88. 
 
 Laing, James, Doctor of the Sor- 
 bonne, 84. 
 Leslie, John, Bishop of Ross, 50, 
 
 65. 
 
 Liel, Thomas, Rector of the Uni- 
 versity of Cologne, 23. 
 
INDEX TO BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 155 
 
 Lokert, George, Rector of the 
 University of St. Andrews, 
 36. 
 
 Macbeath, John, 61. 
 
 M'Gregor, Sir James, Dean of 
 
 Lismore, 35. 
 Major, John, Doctor of the Sor- 
 
 bonne, 23. 
 Manderston, William, Rector of 
 
 the University of Paris, 38. 
 Martin, James, 86. 
 Melville, James, 41. 
 Myln, Alexander, Abbot of Cam- 
 
 buskenneth, Master Mason 
 
 to the King, First President 
 
 of the Court of Session, 
 
 37- 
 
 Scott, Alexander, of Barwirie, 
 
 Greek Scholar, 89. 
 Stewart, John, Rector of the 
 
 University of Paris, 51. 
 
 Themistoris (Dempster), Johannes, 
 
 54- 
 
 Tyrie, James, Rector of the 
 College of Clermont, Paris, 72. 
 
 Vauchop, George, 91. 
 Vaus, John, 42. 
 
 Wauchop, Robert, Doctor of the 
 
 Sorbonne, 50. 
 Wilson, Florence, 47. 
 Winzet, John, 91. 
 Winzet, Ninian, Doctor of the 
 
 Sorbonne, 60. 
 
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