I tl Minnesota State Institutions UNDER THE CHARGE OF STATE BOARD OF CONTROL 1921 .Ml ' r-Rlr^TlNG CO Minnesota State Institutions UNDER THE CHARGE OF STATE ^OARD OF CONTROL , /A > r,^'] ^i'l'\' 1921 / €f ^/ DEPT. WHY NOT SAVE HALF A MILLION AND HELP THE CONVICTS, TOO? (Editorial in Spokane, Wash., Daily Chronicle, Feb. 21, 1921) It is no secret that the Washington state penitentiary is an expensir© institution. lEvery session of the legislature is asked for an appropriation for the upkeep of the prison. There are many acres of land, fine stock and buildings at the prison farm; but the taxpayers have to foot heavy bills. This deficit is not necessary. Minnesota has proved it. During 1919 the earnings of the Minnesota state prison were $471,602.85 above the ex- penses. It required $368.30 to pay the expenses of each occupant during the year; but each prisoner earned for the state $906.66, a net gain of $538.36 for each man. This is not all. In 1919 the prisoners were paid $107,089.10 in wages, a large portion of which was sent to dependent families and relatives. Dur- ing the year the prison bought and paid for 180 acres of land. Minnesota once, like Washington, held the sack for the upkeep of the prison. In 1900 it cost the state $51.88 per man above the earnings. In 1902 each prisoner earned $70.57 more than it cost to keep him. In 1919 the earnings, per man, had jumped to $538.36. Minnesota's state prison maintains machine shops and twine factories, markets milk and butter and farm products and keeps the prisoners at work in paying industries, allowing them pay that eoiables them to help their families. And at the end of the year the prison turns over to the state close to half a million dollars in earnings — it doesn't ask for large appropriations from the legislature. The salary idea has added benefits. If the prisoners are allowed to earn as they work they will be spurred to greater efforts. They will be able to' lie)p',thenfsel"vCefe.{i5d; their families and while they are doing this they will'help the state?' * '»* k ". ' Wli'?' HfoesnJti W&sl}iagtn study Minnesota's prison system? STATE BOARD OF CONTROL The Minnesota State Board of Control was created by chapter 122, General Laws of 1901, succeeding the former State Board of Corrections and Charities, Board of Trustees for the Hospitals and Asylums for the Insane, Board of Directors of the Minnesota Institute for Defectives, Board of Man- agers of the State Training School for Boys and Girls, Board of Managers of the Minnesota Reformatory, and Board of Managers of the State Prison. In 1917 all powers and duties conferred by law on the Board of Directors of the Minnesota Schools for the Deaf and the Blind and the Board of Man- agers of the State Public School, were transferred to the Board of Control. POWERS AND DUTIES The Board has complete financial and general control over seventeen state institutions, viz.: The hospitals and asylums for the insane, School for Feeble-Minded, School for Blind, School for Deaf, State Public School, Training School for Boys, Home School for Girls, Reformatory, Reformatory for Women, Prison, Sanatorium for Consumptives, and Hospital for Crippled Children. It has charge of the construction of buildings for the institutions under its full control, the University, Agriculture Schools and Stations, Normal Schools, Soldiers' Home, State Fair, and County Tuberculosis Sanatoria. It purchases all supplies for the institutions under its jurisdiction and for all governmental departments of the state; fuel for the Unitversity, Agricultural Schools and Stations, Normal Schools, and Capitols; and equipment for County Tuberculosis Sanatoria, It has charge of the state insurance fund, the appraisal of losses of state property by fire, and the repairing or rebuilding of the structures de- stroyed. It acts as a board of parole and discharge for the State Training School for Boys and the Home School for Girls. The member oldest in service is ex-ofRcio chairman of the State Board of Parole for the State Reformatories and the State Prison. It has charge of the manufacture and sale of binder twine and farm machinery at the State Prison; and the operation of a granite quarry, a rock crushing plant, a clothing factory, and a woodworking factory, at the State Reformatory. It collects the charge for maintenance of the insane; has supervision over paroled insane; and is charged with the deportation of non-resident insane. It determines the legal residence of paupers. It inspects jails, lockups, poorhouses, and infirmaries; examines all plans for new structures or for repairs; and has advisory supervision over all such institutions. It appoints county child welfare boards. It is the duty of the Board to promote the enforcement of all laws for the protection of defective, illegitimate, dependent, neglected, and delinquent children. ^^4242 • It -inspects, investigates, and licenses maternity hospitals, infants' horties, 3r«d art^ncier. for receiving and caring for children or placing them in private homes. It has powers of legal guardianship over the persons of all children committed by the courts to the care of the board or to institutions under its management. It is the duty of the Board to supervise and promote efficiency and uniformity in the administration of mothers' pensions. It is charged with safeguarding the interests of illegitimate children; establishing their paternity; and securing for them the nearest possible approximation to the care, support and education that they would be entitled to if born of lawful marriage. It investigates all petitions for the adoption of children, and Tialts th« children and the homes in which they have been placed. MINNESOTA STATE INSTITUTIONS HOSPITALS AND ASYLUMS FOR THE INSANE The first hospital for the insane was established by the state in 1866, and is located at St. Peter. Later hospitals were opened at Rochester, in 1879, and at Fergus Falls, in 1890. The total population of the three insti- tutions on Feb. 1, 1921, was 4,241. There are, also, three asylums for the chronic insane, built on the cot- tage plan, located at Anoka, Hastings and Willmar. The asylums at Anoka and Hastings were opened in 1899. The institution at Willmar was opened as a hospital farm for inebriates in 1912 and as an asylum for the insane in 1917. The total number of patients in these institutions is 1,977. All commitments are made direct to the three hospitals, and chronic cases are later transferred to the asylums. Large farms are operated in connection with each of the Institutions and the outdoor work involved has a most beneficial effect on the mental and physical condition of the patients. Training schools for nurses are conducted at the hospitals and classes of trained attendants are graduated yearly. A resident of the state may present himself at any one of the state hospitals for study and treatment if he believes his mental condition is affected. There is no formal hearing or commitment and no publicity what- ever in cases of this nature. The charge for maintenance of the patients in the institutions for the insane is $10 a month where the patient or his immediate relatives are financially able to pay. In all other cases there is no charge for treatment. The total admissions to the hospitals during the past two years was 2,845, of whom 1,643, or 57.7 per cent, were males and 1,202, or 42.3 per cent, females. The number of foreign-born patients admitted during the period was 1,203, or 42.3 per cent. The ages of the patients admitted varied from six under fifteen years to sixty-two over eighty. More patients were admitted from thirty to thirty- four years of age than during any other five-year period. Escapes are not Infrequent at the institutions. One of the first things done, when an escape is discovered, is to notify the Board of Control. In turn the authorities in the town or county from which the escaped patient was committed are notified. Then follows a systematic line of publicity to the end that the patient may be located, and it is seldom without results. Agents of the Board visit all patients on parole from the institutions at regular intervals. In case of death, relatives or guardians are notified promptly. If there is no one responsible for the deceased patient, he is buried by the state in the institution cemetery. At the Willmar Asylum is maintained a ward for the treatment of in- ebriates. This class of patients may be admitted voluntarily or committed by the probate court. SCHOOL FOR FEEBLE-MINDED AND COLONY FOR EPILEPTICS The largest state institution is the Minnesota School for Feeble-Minded and Colony for Epileptics located at Faribault, with a population of 1,737. It was opened in 1882. All feeble-minded persons, residents of the state, who are of suitable age and capacity to receive instruction in the school and whose defects pre- vent them from receiving proper training in the public schools, and all idiotic and epileptic persons resident of the state, may be admitted to their respective departments of the institution. The charge for maintenance is $40 a year, and shall be paid by the person legally responsible for the support of the inmate, or, in the event he is financially unable to make such payment, by the county from which the person is admitted. The institution has an accredited training school for nurses, which is affiliated with the Minneapolis City Hospital, Nurses spend two years in training at the institution and their third year in Minneapolis. They are then eligible for registration. A summer school of six weeks in length is maintained for the prepara- tion of teachers for mentally retarded children in the public schools. A special feature 'of the institution is the grouping of the more hope- ful cases in colonies or farm groups. By this arrangement the agricultural activities of the institution are more efficiently conducted, besides affording more healthful and normal conditions for many of the boys. In their search for the causes of mental deficiency the officers of the school have collected much interesting information. Their conclusion Is that the great majority of cases of mental deficiency are of hereditary origin. In this connection 377 families representing 477 inmates in the institution were studied. From a study of these families data was collected showing a total of 1,740 feeble-minded persons, or 3.6 times as many as are repre- sented In the institutions. In all 30,276 individuals were charted, but histories could only be ob- tained of about half that number. Those investigated were listed as fol- follows: Normal, 5,471; feeble-minded, 1,740; epileptic, 323; insane, 349; sex offenders, 580; criminals, 71; and alcoholic, 1,028. SCHOOL FOR THE BLIND The Minnesota School for the Blind was opened in 1874 at Faribault. The institution is located on a high bluff overlooking the river and the city, with spacious grounds, pleasant walks and abundant shade trees. Its op- portunities are free of charge to all blind persons who are residents of Minnesota between the ages of six and twenty-one years who are capable of profiting by instruction. By blind persons are meant those who have not sufficient sight to pursue their studies in the public school. The only ex- pense is the deposit of a sum sufficient to cover the cost of clothing, postage and transportation. The work of the school is conducted in three departments: literary, musical and industrial. The literary department has an elementary course of eight years and a high school course of four years, corresponding to the courses of study of the best city schools of the state. In the music depart- 6 ment instruction is given upon the piano and pipe organ, the violin, and other orchestral instruments, in singing and harmony, and in the art of piano tuning and repairing. In the industrial department training is given in broom, hammock, and net making, in cabinet work and chair caning, in reed, willow, grass and straw basket work, in the weaving of carpets, rugs, coverlets and other art loom work, in hand and machine sewing, in knitting, and in various other kinds of fancy work. Adequate physical training is given to all pupils. The school year extends from September to June. During the summer vacation all of the pupils return to their homes. Summer schools for the adult blind men and women are maintained during the summer. In these schools the principal emphasis is placed upon industrial and vocational training. A circulating library of raised print books of about 6,000 volumes is maintained at the school, from which any responsible blind person living in the state may draw books, which will be sent and may be returned through the mails free of postage charges. Branch library stations are maintained at the public libraries of Minneapolis, St. Paul and Duluth. The agency department collects such statistics of the blind as may be of value in the improvement of their condition, aids the adult blind of the state in securing labor and employment, and maintains home instructors and visitors in Minneapolis, St. Paul and Duluth. The agency maintains a branch tuning department for the free training of blind piano tuners in the midway district of the Twin Cities. Aid to the amount of $300 a year is given to a limited number of blind students in universities, colleges and conservatories of music in the dis- cretion and under the direction of the Board of Control. SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF The Minnesota School for the Deaf is located at Faribault, and was opened in 1863. Minnesota has a compulsory education law for the deaf, and all children of the state between eight and twenty years of age, too deaf or too dumb or defective of speech to be materially benefited by the methods of instruction in vogue in the public schools, and who are not taught in a private school or in a school having a special teacher for the deaf, are required to attend the School for the Deaf until discharged by the superintendent upon approval of the Board of Control. As in the case of the School for the Blind, the only expense is for clothing, postage and trans- portation. ;. s iS-^i''^'^ The regular course of instruction embraces that pursued in the public schools with some modifications in order to adapt it to this special work, and extends over a period of ten years. In special cases a longer time is granted. To this has been added two years of high school studies. In addi- tion a number of trades, such as baking, printing, tailoring, cabinet making and mechanical drawing, are taught. The girls receive instruction in cook- ing, sewing, dressmaking and the essentials of housekeeping. The methods of instruction followed are those practiced by nearly all state schools for the deaf in the United States, although the institution is not teaching auite so large a percentage of the pupils by the speech system as is the average of such schools. All pupils are given daily instruction in the trades departments; two-thirds of each day being given to school work and one-third to industrial training. The pupils leave the school well equipped to sustain themselves throughout life, and it is a notable fact that scarcely any are dependent after the school days are over. It has been demonstrated that a large number of children are de- fective in hearing and fail to keep up their school work because of this defect. The hearing when not good usually grows worse, and sooner or later the speech is affected. Many such children become totally deaf and their speech becomes so defective as to be practically useless. It will be at once apparent that these partially deaf persons should hav© th« bon©fit« of the highly specialized methods of this institution. The school year extends from September to June. STATE PUBLIC SCHOOL Unlike many other states, Minnesota has a state system for the car» of dependent children, the agency being the State Public School, opened at Owatonna in 1886. Dependent, neglected and ill-treated children under fifteen years of age are eligible to admission on orders of the probate and juvenile courts and by transfer from private institutions which are authorized by the Board of Control to receive and find homes for children. The founders of the institution recognized the fact that home life is childhood's normal en- vironment and directed that due diligence be exercised in placing the chil- dren committed to its guardianship in family homes. The average length of time that children remain in the institution before being placed in homes is seven and one-half months, while the average length of time that they remain under supervision in homes is seven years. The cottages, occupied by groups of children, form a community of families and, with the church and school privileges, afford conditions favorable to wholesome community and family life. The location on the farm gives the children the benefits of rural life and the opportunity to receive practical instruction in all branches of agriculture. The school work carried on ten months in the year covers all grades from the kinder- garten to the high school. In the organization there is a correlation of home life and school cur- riculum. Lessons learned by the girls in domestic science and art in school are applied in their family life. In like manner the instruction given the boys in agriculture and manual training is made practical by actual experience on the farm and in other departments of the institution. The care and training given the children is preparatory to their early transfer to foster homes, restoration to parents or, in the case of the older children, discharge to self-support. Extensive field work is done by a corps of agents in investigating the homes of applicants for the children and selecting a new environment for them, and investigating their condition and progress after having been placed in the new environment. An interesting study has been made of the first 4,000 children received at the institution, showing what progress has been made by those who reached the age of self-support and what degree of success they have at- tained; that is, those who have developed into men and women of good character and fulfill the requirements of good citizenship. The results of 8 the inquiry are summarized as follows: Total number of boys, 2,407: Doing well, 1,506; doing fairly well, 502; doing poorly, 252; died, 147. Total num- ber of girls, 1,594: Doing well, 1,047; doing fairly well, 272; doing poorly, 182; died, 92. Of the girls, 295 married, and in but 28 cases does the mar- riage appear to have resulted in failure. STATE TRAINING SCHOOL FOR BOYS The problem of caring for incorrigible boys, many of them well ad- vanced in the early stages of crime and vagrancy, is handled at the State Training School, located at Red Wing, and opened in 1891. Commitments to the institution cover incorrigibles up to the age of eighteen years. Formerly minor delinquencies were sufficient to bring about the transfer of a boy to the school, but with the introduction of the juvenile court system in the larger cities of the state, and the development of de- tention homes, the number of registrations of this type has been decreased somewhat. While the juvenile court systems and the county detention homes have reduced the number of commitments in this respect, yet these institutions and their work have added greatly to the responsibility or those in charge of the school, as most children now received are definitely incor- rigible and do not readily yield to correctional treatment. Many of the boys have been under arrest from four to eight times. Despite this difficult feature of the present-day commitments, success has attended the work of the institution, and these results are credited largely to the discipline maintained at the school. While not harsh, the discipline is of reasonable firmness and all infractions are quickly punished. Fully 75 per cent of the hundreds of boys yearly sent to the institution develop into worthy, self-respecting citizens. In this connection it is grati- fying to observe that the boys on parole from the school have not contrib- uted in a noticeable degree to the crime wave that has had the attention of the public for some months. The institution maintains a farm of 560 acres, also a dairy herd of 50 head of cattle, a school of letters with a principal and six teachers, and an industrial department with 12 instructors. All boys are carefully examined by a psychologist, by a physician and surgeon, and by a dentist. If a boy is suffering from a physical defect or disease, he receives the needed treatment and care while at the institution. His teeth are put in good condition, he is required to attend school, and spends one-half of each day at some vocational work. MINNESOTA HOME SCHOOL FOR GIRLS While this school is among the oldest of the state's correctional insti- tutions, the location of the home at Sauk Centre is comparatively new, having been authorized by the legislature in 1907, and opened in 1911. Prior to that the institution was conducted in connection with the Training School for Boys at Red Wing. It is admirably located on a tract of wooded and farm land, with Sauk lake, a beautiful body of water, in close proximity. Though custodial in character, the institution is a home in every sense of the word. Here are confined the delinquent girls of the state, committed by the juvenile and probate courts. When committed the girl must be over eight years and under eighteen years of age. As a majority of the girls 9 are the product of homes lacking every element of uplift, the duties of the institution staff are naturally exacting. One of the unique features of the school is the wage earning system. It in a large measure characterizes the work of the school in a training way, for besides its educational value it has proved the chief source of discipline. Every girl on commitment is for a month in dependency. At the end of the month she is assigned a cottage and becomes a member of the family and a citizen in the community. She is given food and shelter, but beyond that she must earn her support. She is credited for all work according to amount and skill, and is likewise fined for family or social offense. From her credits she must support herself, clothe herself from the school store, and pay for any luxuries or services rendered in the family of which she is a member. If a girl can not make her clothes she must pay another to do the work, and if she is not willing to attend to her laundry she must pay another for its care. As a result of this system every phase of community life is reached. No girl can leave the institution until she has credits with which to buy her a good going-out outfit, and as fines follow misconduct, conduct really determines the time when a girl can leave the school. While some of the girls have failed to keep the higher level, the ma- jority are taking well their part in life. A large farm is operated in connection with the institution. Farming, gardening, dairying, canning of fruits and vegetables, butter-making and cheese-making, are extensively carried on by the girls. A staff of teachers is engaged to conduct the school work, and a num- ber of the older girls attend the Sauk Centre high school. The girls on parole are efficiently cared for under the supervision of a director and a corps of agents. STATE REFORMATORY Minnesota's correctional institution for male first offenders in felony only is the State Reformatory, opened at St. Cloud in 1889. The age limita range from 16 to 30 years. Located on the extensive grounds is one of the finest granite quarries in the state. From this quarry has been taken practically all the stone used in the construction of the institution buildings, and the quarrying, cutting and placing of the stone has been done entirely by the inmates. In addition there is a stone crushing plant, the product of which enters into state road work. The woodworking industry, recently begun, turns out sash, doors and blinds, screens and storm sash for state institutions. In the factory at- tached to the institution is made nearly all of the men's clothing used in the state institutions. An extensive farm is operated in connection with the institution, and the recent establishment of a farm colony where some 40 men employed in the farm department are housed has proved a decided success. The con- duct of these men has been most exemplary and they have applied them- selves to their work with added interest, resulting in a more efficient and productive operation of the farm. During the year ended June 30, 1920, the sum of $10,143.23 was paid 10 inmates for labor performed, and direct aid to the amount of $4,628.00 wag granted families of inmates. The school includes regular, graded work and classes in mechanical drawing and electrical engineering. Special correspondence courses in various studies have been taken by some of the inmates. The work of the institution is conducted along correctional and reforma- tive lines, and in consequence there is a constant movement of inmates. Here the parole system has full swing and through its application a large number of prisoners are released yearly. In granting paroles only those cases meeting certain requirements are considered, and during their pendency a constant watch of those paroled is maintained by the Board's agents. Assured employment is the first requisite to a parole, and sobriety and good conduct are imperative. Business men and employers have shown a sincere good will and cour- teous co-operation, and the feeling, once so common, that a man who has once been in prison is forever to be distrusted is fast disappearing. Naturally there are some violations of the paroles granted, but they ar« few as compared vnih the number issued. Most of the violators are returned to the Reformatory to serve out their terms. STATE REFORMATORY FOR WOMEN The State Reformatory for Women is the latest institution to be estab- lished by the state of Minnesota. Prior to its opening at Shakopee, in 1920, there was no place of detention for the woman offender other than the workhouse, the county jail and the state prison. Soon after the first build- ings were completed all women confined in the prison were transferred to this institution. Under the present law women are not committed to the prison. Women over the age of eighteen years convicted of a felony or a gross misdemeanor are sentenced to the State Reformatory for Women. At present only the administration building and receiving hospital, known as Isabel Higbee Hall, and one cottage have been erected and oc- cupied. Additional cottages will be constructed as needed. There has been much to do in the way of home-making and the first year has been largely spent in this work. The women have enjoyed these purely domestic pursuits, and have worked with a splendid spirit to accom- plish all that has been done. The institution has a fine farm of 167 acres, a large portion of which is under cultivation. It is planned to interest the women in gardening, dairying, butter-making, etc. Women's and children's clothing for other state institutions Is now being made by the inmates of this institution, and it is planned to enlarge this industry. STATE PRISON The Minnesota State Prison at Stillwater, the oldest state institution, was originally founded in 1851. The new prison, stated by experts to be the most modern institution of its kind in the world, was opened in 1912. This magnificent structure, the product of the act of the legislature of 1909, covers a ground space of 22 acres, is admirably located and embodies in its construction every practical requisite for the humane and sanitary 11 housing of human beings. The entire scheme of management is to uplift, not brutalize. Systematic reform in prison life and management in Minnesota started many years ago. Contracts for prison labor as fast as they expired wera not renewed. In 1890 the binding twine industry was established, and in 1908 the making of farm machinery was begun. Then in rapid order came other reforms, the abolishment of the lock step, the granting of privileges to the prisoners commensurate with their conduct, the passing of the striped uniform except in the case of the particularly vicious, the payment of wages to the inmates, the granting of monthly allowances for the support of families of prisoners, and finally came the building of the new prison. In the way of amusements and entertainment for the prisoners, little in the uplift and educational line is overlooked. The new prison has an audi- torium that would be a credit to a city of 50,000 or more inhabitants. Here are held Chautauqua meetings, moving pictures once a week, lectures and other entertainments. Weather permitting, baseball games in season are held every Saturday afternoon. All prisoners who observe the rules are allowed these privileges. A regular graded school is maintained under the direction of the superintendent of schools of Stillwater. During the year ended June 30, 1920, the inmates were paid $107,089.10 in wages, and direct aid to their families amounting to $16,619.41 was granted. Since the establishment of the twine and farm machinery industries more than $41,000,000.00 worth of the finished product has been sold, re- sulting in a saving to the farmers of the state estimated at close to $10,- 000,000.00. These industries provide all funds required for the maintenance of the prison, and in addition have accumulated a surplus net profit suffi- cient to more than cover the entire cost of the new prison. The high water mark in sales was reached in 1918, when $5,114,900.00 worth of twine and machineiy was sold, mostly to farmers residing in Minnesota. MINNESOTA SANATORIUM FOR CONSUMPTIVES Minnesota probably has done more toward the prevention and control of tuberculosis than any other state in the Union, It conducts a state sanatorium, located three miles south of Walker, opened in 1908 for the study and cure of this disease, aids financially in the erection of sanatoria by counties or groups of counties, and maintains in connection with the various institutions for the insane and the School for Feeble-Minded special buildings and sick wards in which the tuberculous patients are cared for. There is special diet, special treatment and special nursing for these people and the cost runs into hundreds of thousands of dollars annually. The state institution is situated on a beautiful wooded tract of land overlooking Leech lake. More than 100 acres have been cleared and 24 additional acres partially cleared. The Board has recently authorized the purchase of 200 acres located about ten miles from the sanatorium. This land which can be easily cleared will be used for farm and garden purposes. From Jan. 1, 1914, to June 30, 1920, there were 2,412 patients discharged from the institution. Of these 366 had been at the sanatorium less than one month. The number admitted under the classification of incipient was 295. 12 Upon discharge their condition was as follows: Apparently arrested, 126, or 42.7 per cent; quiescent, 71, or 24 per cent; improved, 84, or 28.5 per cent; unimproved, 11, or 3.7 per cent; died, 3, or 1 per cent. The number received under the classification of moderately advanced was 871. Their condition on discharge follows: Apparently arrested, 127, or 14.5 per cent; quiescent, 234, or 26.8 per cent; improved, 263, or 30.2 per cent; unimproved, 216, or 24.8 per cent; died, 31, or 3.5 per cent. Tliose admitted under the classification of far advanced numbered 880. At the time of discharge their condition was as follows: Apparently ar- rested, 19, or 2.1 per cent; quiescent, 124, or 14 per cent; improved, 197, or 22.4 per cent; unimproved, 365, or 41.5 per cent; died, 175, or 19.9 per cent. While the law establishing this institution contemplated the treatment of incipient cases only, up to the present time all classes of patients have been received. The charge for board and treatment is $1.40 a day, and in a large number of cases, where the patient or his family is unable to make the payments, the expense is paid by the county of which the patient la a resident. STATE HOSPITAL FOR INDIGENT CRIPPLED AND DEFORMED CHILDREN Minnesota has the distinction of being the first of the states to attempt the treatment of indigent crippled and deformed children at public expense. Prior to 1897 no effort had been made by any state in the Union to relieve such children of their deformities in a public institution. There were private hospitals for this purpose, the majority of them located in the eastern states, but they were not available to the children of the poor or to those of limited means. This fact and the need for such an institution were called to the attention of the legislature of 1897 and that body, as an experiment, appropriated $5,000 to be used for that purpose. From that modest appropriation has grown the substantial fireproof hospital of today, located at St. Paul, and opened in 1911, and from It has come a remarkable number of cures. The hospital and the work it is doing are a source of pride to the State Board of Control and Dr. Arthur J, Gillette, the surgeon-in-chief. With Dr. Gillette relieving crippled children of their deformities has be^n a life work, and his labor, together with that of a staff of 35 of the foremost specialists of St. Paul and Minneapolis associated with him, has been without cost to the state. These men are on call at all times and the services given these poor children are entirely gratuitous and unlimited. During the latest biennial period 510 children were cared for in the hos- pital, and at the present time more than 1,000 children are reporting to the out-patient department, maintained in connection with the institution, where they receive free treatment and appliances. Instruction to the students in surgery of the medical school of the University of Minnesota is given every Thursday at the hospital. Clinics for student and public health nurses are also given. Patients in the hos- pital receive instruction during the time they require treatment. There is no provision for pay patients at this institution, only children whose parents are unable to pay for private treatment being admitted. 13 STATISTICAL SUMMARY ANOKA STATE ASYLUM This institution consists of a main building, including north and south wings, for men patients, and ten cottages for women patients, one of which is equipped as an infirmary. Other principal buildings are a service building, containing kitchen, bakery and dining room, a new assembly hall and chapel, a new administration building, a complete set of farm buildings and a greenhouse. The south wing of the main building has recently been reconstructed and fireproofed, and it is proposed to similarly reconstruct and fireproof the north wing and center of this building. Capacity of institution 900 Area of grounds, acres 733 Acreage under cultivation 321 Value of lands and buildings $931,705.00 Value of personal property $107,909.08 Number of officers and employes 67 Population Feb. 1, 1921. Men, 286; women, 558; total 844 Patients on parole 8 HASTINGS STATE ASYLUM This institution, originally built for both men and women patients, now cares for men exclusively. The buildings are a main or administration building with east and west wings which have recently been reconstructed and fireproofed; nine cottages for patients, one of which is an infirmary; service building, laundry, dormitory for employes, superintendent's cottage, and a new central power plant. The farm group consists of three barns, two silos, creamery, greenhouse, etc. Capacity of institution 984 Area of grounds, acres 749 Acreage under cultivation 338 Value of lands and buildings $903,350.80 Value of personal property $129,040.64 Number of officers and employes 97 Population Feb. 1, 1921. Men 867 Patients on parole 9 WILLMAR STATE ASYLUM The Willmar State Asylum was originally built for a hospital for ine- briates, but the legislature, in 1917, amended the law and provided for the care of the chronic insane at this institution. A ward is still maintained for the treatment of inebriates. The buildings include an administration building with two wings for men patients, the small Tomlinson cottage for women, two cottages for men, power house, laundry, farm buildings, and cottages for the farmer and the engineer. Two cottages for women and a service building and assembly hall will be ready for occupancy March 1, 1921. Capacity of institution 470 14 Area of grounds, acres , 494 Leased, acres 210 Acreage under cultivation 415 Value of land and buildings $453,281.00 Value of buildings under construction .$243,000.00 Value of personal property $66,705.71 * Number of officers and employes 37 Population Feb. 1, 1921. Men, 250; women, 16; total 266 Patients on parole 12 FERGUS FALLS STATE HOSPITAL This hospital consists of an administration building with six adjoining sections or wings for the accommodation of patients, detention or psy- chopathic hospital, isolation hospital, dormitories for men and women nurses, central kitchen, laundry, power house, and farm buildings. It is th« largest of the institutions for the insane. Capacity of institution 1,400 Area of grounds, acres 1,076 Acreage under cultivation 486 Value of lands and buildings $1,272,369.18 Value of personal property $218,047.28 Number of officers and employes 280 Population Feb. 1, 1921. Men, 804; women, 741; total.. 1,545 Patients on parole 130 ROCHESTER STATE HOSPITAL The buildings comprising this institution include an administration building with two wings for patients, two detached ward buildings for patients, detention or psychopathic hospital, isolation hospital, nurses' homes for men and women, laundry, storehouse, and a comparatively new and up-to-date central heating plant. The farm group consists of a new barn for the housing of the large dairy herd, slaughter house, blacksmith shop, greenhouse, and cottages for employes. Capacity of institution 1,175 Area of grounds, acres 1,375 Leased, acres 314 Acreage under cultivation 739 Value of lands and buildings $1,017,607.00 Value of personal property $324,406.53 Number of officers and employes 200 Population Feb. 1, 1921. Men, 650; women, 709; total.. 1,359 Patients on parole 309 ST. PETER STATE HOSPITAL. This hospital, the oldest of the institutions for the insane, consists of a main building with two wings, detached ward buildings for men and women patients, detention hospital, tuberculosis hospital, three dormitories for men and women employes, superintendent's cottage, steward's building, a complete set of farm buildings, and cottages for the farmer and the engineer. 15 The Asylum for the Dangerous Insane, with accommodations for 150 crim- inal and dangerous insane, is operated in conjunction with this institution. Capacity of institution 1,421 Area of grounds, acres 864 Leased, acres 149 Acreage under cultivation 395 Value of lands and buildings $1,314,850.12 Value of personal property $265,031.45 Number of officers and employes 220 Population Feb. 1, 1921. Men, 762; women, 575; total.. 1,337 Patients on parole 203 SCHOOL FOR FEEBLE-MINDED AND COLONY FOR EPILEPTICS, FARIBAULT The buildings of this institution include an administration building with wings, custodial buildings for boys and girls, two cottages for epileptic boys, two cottages for epileptic girls, Hillcrest cottage for boys, Riverview cottage for girls, general hospital, tuberculosis hospital, central kitchen and bakery, laundry, power house, superintendent's cottage, and building for women employes. A cottage for working boys with accommodations for sixty is under construction. The colonies consist of the ".Springdale Farm," "Peaceful Valley," "Grandview," and "Walcott." The farm group includes modern dairy barns with accommodations for 120 head. Capacity of institution 1,835 Area of grounds, acres 1,145 Acreage under cultivation 510 Value of lands and buildings $1,585,731.00 Value of personal property •, $295,701.01 Number of officers and employes 325 Population Feb. 1, 1921. Males, 869; females, 868; total. 1,737 Inmates on parole 17 SCHOOL FOR THE BLIND, FARIBAULT This institution consists of a main building with wings, two cottages for boys, hospital, broom shop, and superintendent's cottage. Capacity of institution 112 Area of grounds, acres 50 Acreage under cultivation 17 Value of lands and buildings $239,400.00 Value of personal property $38,328.75 Number of officers and employes 58 Population Feb. 1, 1921. Boys, 57; girls, 37; total 94 SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF, FARIBAULT The principal buildings at this institution are "Tate Hall," "Barron Hall," "Mott Hall," "Noyes Hall" consisting of an auditorium and school building and library, bakeiy, hospital, trades building, power house, and the farm group. Capacity of institution 322 Area of grounds, acres 96 16 Leased, acres 8 Acreage under cultivation 29 Value of lands and buildings $581,047.00 Value of personal property $85,340.28 Numter of officers and employes 87 Population Feb. 1, 1921. Boys, 146; girls, 115; total 261 STATE PUBLIC SCHOOL, OWATONNA The main building consists of a central section, with north and south wings and enlarged dining rooms. There are eight cottages, including a cottage for industrial students, hospital, nursery for babies and younger children, schoolhouse, superintendent's residence, laundry, power house, cottages for employes, greenhouse and sundry farm buildings. A fine assem- bly hall and gymnasium is an important and valuable addition to this insti- tution. Capacity of institution 282 Area of grounds, acres 325 Acreage under cultivation 138 Value of lands and buildings $450,327.80 Value of personal property $83,166.05 Number of officers and employes 94 Population Feb. 1, 1921. Boys, 200; girls, 120; total 320 Children in homes or under supervision 1,268 STATE TRAINING SCHOOL FOR BOYS, RED WING The principal buildings consist of an administration building, five cot- tages for boys, schoolhouse, auditorium and gymnasium, shop building, hospital, cottages for the superintendent and the steward, power house, and the farm group. Capacity of institution 300 Area of grounds, acres 560 Acreage under cultivation 216 Value of lands and buildings $518,902.25 Value of personal property $107,757.08 Number of officers and employes 72 Population Feb. 1, 1921 342 Boys on parole 476 HOME SCHOOL FOR GIRLS, SAUK CENTRE The buildings at this institution include an administration building, receiving cottage and hospital, 16 cottages for girls, chapel and adequate farm buildings to house the large dairy herd. A modern school building and two cottages for girls are being constructed. Capacity of institution . 295 Area of grounds, acres 447 Leased, acres 520 Acreage under cultivation , 305 Value of lands and buildings $484,811.92 Value of personal property $62,137.88 17 Number of officers and employes 8S Population Feb. 1, 1921 344 Girls on parole 331 STATE REFORMATORY, ST. CLOUD This institution consists of an administration building containing offices and a chapel, five cell houses for inmates, hospital and contagious ward, central power plant, superintendent's residence, and additions including kitchens, bakery, dining rooms, tailor shop, and storeroom. The principal buildings are constructed of granite quarried on the institution grounds by inmates. The grounds are enclosed by a wall of granite. Capacity of institution 554 Area of grounds, acres 1,057 Leased, acres 400 Acreage under cultivation 424 Value of lands and buildings $1,346,290.50 Value of personal property. $190,930.05 Number of officers and employes 68 Population Feb. 1, 1921 511 Inmates on parole