TH* book DUE on f " tP-nped below II SELECTED FRAGMENTS OF ROMAN POETRY MERRY SOUTHERN BRANCH, UNIVERSITY OF LIBRARY, : , , : !2.ont>on HENRY FROWDE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE AMEN CORNER, E.G. SELECTED FRAGMENTS OF ROMAN POETRY FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES OF THE REPUBLIC TO THE AUGUSTAN AGE EDITED, WITH INTRODUCTIONS AND NOTES KY W. W. MERRY, D.D. RKCTOR OK LINCOLN COI.I.KGE, OXFORD AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1891 [AH rights reserved} 68345 PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS KY HOKACK HART, PRINTKR TO THK UNIVKRSITY KG PREFACE THIS little volume is an attempt to meet a difficulty which is often felt by young students of Roman poetry, the want of a convenient handbook, containing a ^ sufficiently representative selection from the fragments ^ x which have, been preserved of the epic, dramatic, and satiric poets of Rome, from the earliest times of the Republic to the Augustan age. From the Comedies of Plautus and Terence we can learn all that we require of the Fabulae Palliatae, as y exhibited on the stage. But to form any idea of <] Roman Tragedy, or of the peculiarly national Prae- textae and Togatae (or Tabernariae), we must make the ^ best use we can of the remains of Pacuvius and Accius, tf of Atta, Titinius, and Afranius. Nor shall we ap- < preciate the growth of the Epic, which culminates in Virgil, nor of the Satire as presented to us by Horace and Juvenal, without some study of the fragments of Livius, Naevius, and Ennius, of Lucilius and Varro. But this implies access to a good many books, which are not always easily procurable ; and, even then, unless we have some clue to their connection, the scattered fragments are often unintelligible. The object of this vi PREFACE. volume is to supply such a clue. No doubt there is a constant danger of suggesting- a fanciful explanation; and the endeavour to work isolated lines into the plot of a play or the subject of a satire may be, here and there, nothing better than a piece of misplaced ingenuity. But so much has been done for the interpretation of Ennius by Vahlen and L. Miiller, and for the remains of Roman Tragedy and Comedy by O. Ribbeck, that, with such experienced guides, one may hope to have gone not very far astray. Besides the collections of fragments edited by Ribbeck (which are indispensable to every student of the Roman drama), there are two other books by the same scholar Die romische Trarjodie, and Geschickte der romischen I)icMiing\\\\\eh are very help- ful. For the Saturae of Lucilius, the notes in Words- worth's Fragments and Specimens of Early Latin are most valuable, as far as they go. The Saturae Menip- peae of Varro have been adapted from Riese's edition, with some aid from Biicheler. For the remains of other poets, constant use has been made of E. Bahrens' Yray- menta Poetarum Romanorum. But no attempt has been made in the present volume to present a critical text, or to settle questions of metrical arrangement. The editor has endeavoured to avail himself of the best sources ; and he will be amply satisfied if he shall have succeeded in making the study of these Fragments more easy and more interesting. W. W. M. OXFORD, September, 1891. CONTENTS Carmen Saliare .... i Carmen Fratrum Arva- lium 2 Vaticinia, Sententiae, Prae- cepta 2 Scipionum Elogia ... 4 Livius Andronicus : Odisia 7 Tragoediae 10 Ex incertis fabulis . . 12 Cn. Naevius : Tragoediae 14 Praetextae 19 Naevii et Mstellorum altercatio .... 20 Palliatae 21 Ex incertis fabulis . . 24 Bellum Punicum . . 25 Q. Ennius : Annales 31 Tragoediae 48 Saturae 64 Ambracia 65 Epicharmus .... 65 Hedyphagetica ... 66 Epigrammata .... 67 M. Pacuvius : Tragoediae 68 Praetexta 90 Caecilius Statius : Palliatae 92 Aquilius : Boeotia 102 Licinius Imbrex : Neaera 103 Titinius : Togatae 104 Seztus Turpilius : Palliatae 108 L. Accius : Tragoediae . . . .112 Praetextae 139 Fragmenta 143 C. Lucilius : Saturae 146 T. Quinctius Atta : Togatae 1 59 L. Afranius : Togatae 161 Pompilius : Epigramma . . . .171 Valerius Aedituus : Epigrammata . . . . 1 73 Q. Lut atius Catulus : Epigrammata . . . . 1 73 Porcius Licinus . . . . 1 74 Volcatius Sedigitus : Poetarum comicorum aestimatio . . . .176 In Terentium . . . .176 Hostius 178 A. Furius Antias . . . . 1 79 Vlll CONTENTS. Cn. Matius : Ilias 180 Mimiambi 180 Laevius : Erotopaegnia, &c. . . 182 Sueius : Morctum, &c. . . .186 Novius : Atellanae 187 Pomponius : Atellanae 190 M. Terentius Varro : Saturae Menippeae . . 196 Ex libro imaginum . . 223 M. T. Cicero : Marius 225 Limon 226 De consulatu suo . . 226 Ex Graecis conversa . 230 Epigramma, &c. . . . 236 Decimus Laberius : Mimus 237 M. Furius Bibaculus : Ludicra 242 Annales 243 C. lulius Caesar : Indicium de Terentio . 245 P. Terentius Varro Ataci- nus : Argonautae .... 246 Chorographia . . . . 248 Ephemeris 248 Publilius Syrus : Mimus 250 Sententiae 251 C. Helvius Cinna : Ludicra 253 Propempticon Pollionis 253 Zmyrna 254 Epigramma .... 254 Populares Versus . . , 255 C. Licinius Macer Calvus : Epithalamia . . . .257 Io 257 Ludicra 258 L. Varius Rufus : De Morte 259 M. Tullius Laurea : Epigramma .... 260 FRAGMENTA SELECTA, AXAMENTA, OR CHANTS USED IN RITUAL. CABMEN SALIAEE. THESE fragments may, perhaps, be arranged into rude Saturnians ; but the language is hardly intelligible, in spite of ingenious con- jectures. In Horace's time (Ep. 2. i. 85) the ' Saliare carmen Numae ' was a puzzle ; and Quintilian (Inst. Or. i. 6. 40), acknow- ledges that the priests themselves did not understand the words. I. Divum empta cante, divum deo supplicants. [VAKBO, L. L., 7. 26, 27.] For empta Bergk proposes templa, Bahrens parentem ; cante = canite, as supplicants = supplicate ; divum deo, i. e. lanus (Macrob. Sat. i. 9). II. Cume tonas Leucesie prae tet tremonti quom tibi cunei decstumum tonaront. [TERENT. SCAUR. 2661 P.] Owme = cum; Leucesie = lord of light (Macrob. Sat. i. 15) ; prae tet tremonti = praetremunt te(d) (Fest. 295) ; cunei = bolts ; decstumum = ' on the right.' B 2 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. CARMEN FRATRUM ARVALIUM. AN inscription from the Acts of the Arval Brotherhood, found in Rome in A. D. 1778. The actual copy of the old Latin, more or less correct, apparently belongs to the time of Elagabalus. i. Enos Lases iuvate (ter) Neve lue rue Marmar sins inciirrere in pleores (ter). Satur fu fere Mars limen sail sta berber (ter) Semunis alternei advocapit conctos (ter). 5. Enos Marmor iuvato (ter) Triumpe. (quinquies). 1. i. mos = nos; with the form cp. E-castor ; Lases = Lares. 1. 2. Zwe = luem ; rwe = ruinam; sins = sines, 'thou shalt not, must not, suifer' ; as advocapit (inf.) = advocabitis. 1. 3. /w = esto, 'be satiate, fierce Mars ' ! limen sali = ' leap over, or cross (thy temple's) threshold ' ; sta berber (verbera ?) ' stop thy scourging ' ; or (ad- dressed to each dancing priest) ' leap on the threshold ! halt ! smite (the ground).' 1. 4. semunis (se-homo, homones) =' super- human powers.' VATICINIA, ETC. INCERTI AUCTORIS VATICINIUM. DURING the siege of Veii (B. c. 395), commissioners came from Delphi 'sortem oraculi adferentes congruentem responso captivi vatis' (Liv. 5. 16). The utterance of the oracle, as given in Livy, is readily arranged, with slight alteration, in Saturnian measure, which Bilhrens thus gives ; referring the legend about the prophecy to the age of Naevius and Livius Andronicus : Romane, aquam Albanam cave lacu teneri, cave in mare manare | fliimine sinas suo. emissa agros rigabis j dissipatam rivis VATICINIA. 3 exstingues : turn tu insiste | audax hostium muris. memor quam per tot annos | obsides lirbem, ex ea tibi his fatis | mine datam victoriam, duello perfecto donum | portato amplum victor ad mea templa, sacraque | patria quorum ciira est omi'ssa, ut adsolet, | endostaurata facito. APPII CLATTDI SENTENTIAE. APPIUS Claudius Caecus, censor B. c. 312, consul 307, 296, was the ' great patrician . . . with whom begins the first attempt at Latin prose-composition and at art-poetry,' Teuffel, R. L., 90. I. ^i w w qui, animi | compotem esse, ne quid fraudis pariat | ferocia stuprique. [FESTUS, stuprum pro turpitudine.] II. Amicum cum. vides | obliscere 1 miserias ; inimicus sies commentus, | nee libens aeque. [PEISCIAN, s. v. commentus = aea^xpiafitvosJ] III. Est unus qufsque faber | ipse suae fortiinae. [PSEUDO-SAI.LUST, De Ord. Rep. i. i. 2.] MARCH VATIS PBAECEPTA. ' MARCIUS the prophet ' lived some time before the second Punic War (Cic. De Div. i. 50. 115 ; Liv. 25. 12, &c.). I. Postremus dicas, primus | taceas ^ w. [ISIDOR. 6. 8. 12.] 1 obliscere, Fleckeisen. oUiviscere, codd. B 2 4 FRAGMENT A SELECT A. II. Ne mngulus mederi | queat ^> w ^7. [PAULUS, 176, ningulus = nullus.] III. Quamvfs movetis odium | diionum ne negumate. [FESTTJS, 165, negumate = negate.] INCERTI SENTENTIAE. I. Religentem esse oportet | religiosus ne seis. [AUL. GELL. 4. 9. i.] II. Est pessimum malum | consilium consultori. [AuL. GELL. 4. 5. 5.] EPITAPHIA. SCIPIONUM ELOGIA. FROM the monument of the Scipios, near the Appian Way. I. Epitaph on L. Cornelius Seipio Barbatus, consul 298, censor 290 B. c. i. Cornelius Lucius Seipio Barbatus ; Gnaivod patre prognatus fortis vir sapiensque, EPITAPHIA. 5 quoiiis forma virtutef parisuma fiiit, consol censor aidilis quei fuit apud vos, 5. Taurasia Cisaiina Samnio cepit subigit omne Loucanam opsidesque abdoiicit. 1. 3. parisuma = parissima. 1. 5. Taurasia[m~], Cisauna[m] ) Samnio = 'in Samnium.' II. L. Cornelius L. f. Scipio, consul 259, censor 258 B. c. (The Italic letters show where the stone has been broken away.) i. Hone oi'no ploirume cosentiont Homdne duonoro optumo fui'se viro viroro Lucloni Scipione. Filios Barbati consol censor aidilis hie fuet apud vos. 5. hec cepit Corsica Aleriaque urbe pugnandod dedet Tempestatebus aide meretod vdtam. 1. i. omo = unum; ploimme = plurimi (as in Romane). 1.2. duonoro (as in 11. 3, 5, 6) with final m dropped. 1. 4. fuet (as dedet} perf. indie. 1. 6. aide = aedem ; meretod=merito. III. P. Cornelius P. f. Scipio, son of Scipio Africanus maior, B. c. 204-164. i. Quei apice insigne Dialis jf?aminis gesistei mors perfect tua ut essent omnia brevia, honos fama virtiisque gloria atque ingenium ; quibiis sei in longa licuiset tibe litier vita, 5. facile facteis superases gloriam maiorum. quare lubens te in gremiu, Scipio, r6cipit terra, Publi, prognatuni Piiblio, Cornell. 1. i. apice, insigne, with final m dropped. 1. 3. farm, nom., as terra. 1. 7. Publi, Cornell, vocatives, while prognatum takes up te. 6 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. IV. L. Cornelius Scipio Cn. f. Cn. n. This Scipio, a son and a grandson of a Gnaeus, is not otherwise known. i. Magna sapientia multasque virtutes aetate quom parva posidet hoc saxsum, quoiei vita defecit non honos honore. is hie situs quei nunquam victus est virtutei. 5. annos gnatus viginti is Diteist mandatus, ne quairatis honore quei minus sit manddtus. 1. i. magna, accus. 1. 2. quom, prep. = cum. 1. 3. honos, konore(tn), in double sense, 'worth' and 'preferment.' 1. 4. vir- tutei, abl. 'in goodness.' 1. 5. Ditei est (Diti, Dis) ; al. kto est; or facets = 'resting-place.' 1. 6. honore(m), 'ask not about his office, seeing that none was assigned him.' He died too young. V. Cn. Cornelius Cn. f. Scipio Hispanus, cousin of Scipio Afri- canus major ; praetor in B. c. 139. With the exception of a few verses of Ennius, these are the earliest elegiacs preserved. i. Virtutes generis mieis moribus accumulavi, progenie mi genui, facta patris petiei. 3. Maiorum optenui laudem ut sibei me esse creatum laetentur, stirpem nobilitavit honos. 1. i. mieis = meis, monosyllable. 1. 2. progenie(m) mi: if this reading be right, progenie must be pronounced as three syllables ; al. progeniem genui, ib. petiei 'have sought to attain,' 'have ensued.' 1. 4. honos, ' office.' LIVIUS ANDRONICUS. ODISIA. 1. Viriim mihi, Camena | insect versutum. [Od. i. I.] 2. Pater noster, Saturni | filie, rex summe. [Od. 1.45,85.] 3. Mea puer, quid verbi | ex tuo ore supera fugit? [Od. i. 64.] 4. ^- neque enim te oblitus, | Lerti6, sum, noster. [_0d. i. 65.] 5. Argenteo polubro | aiireo eclutro. [Od. i. 136.] 6. Tuque mihi narrato | 6mnia disertim. [Od. i. 169.] 7. Quae haec daps est ? qui festus | dies o o . [Od. r. 225.] 8. w w matrem procitum | plurimi venerunt. [Od. i. 248.] 9. Aut in Pyliim adv^niens | aiit ibf ommentans. [Od. 2. 317.] 1. i. insece tvvctrt. 1. 5. polubro, ' basin ' ; ib. eclutro = (K\ovrpT]iJiOffvvT]s. 1. 30. fitum est = fit ; so fitur, potestur. 1. 32. gavisi = gavisus sum. 1. 33. ra- cerra, 'log,' 'block.' Cod. vecordia. 1. 35. dusmoso = dumoso. 10 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. 36. Cum socios nostros Ciclops | impius mandisset. [Od. 20. 19.] 37. Inque manum suremit | hastam . . [Od. 21. 433.] 38. ... at celeris hasta volans perriimpit | pectora ferro. [Od. 22. g r.] 39. Carnis vinumque quod | libabant, anclabatur. [Od. 23. 304.] 40. Deque manibus dextrabus j . . . [Od. 24. 534.] 1. 37. suremit. Paul, in Fest. 299, suremit = sumpsit. 1. 39. andabatur (anculus, ancilla) = ministrabatur. TRAGOEDIAE. ACHILLES. THE words in this fragment may be supposed to be uttered by Achilles, after the offer of reparation described in Horn. II. g. Si malos imitabo, turn tu pretium pro noxa dabis. [NONIUS, s. v. pretium : imitat.] AEGISTHUS. THE play opens with the preparations of the Greek host for their return from Troy (I). On the smooth seas of their home- ward voyage, they watch the dolphins playing round the ships (II) ; and a chorus of thanksgiving is raised to the gods (III). LIVIUS ANDRONICUS. II Agamemnon is seen taking his seat at the banquet (IV) ; and then being stabbed and falling to the ground (V). Electra speaks bitterly to her mother over her father's corpse (VI) ; and Aegisthus orders her (or, perhaps, Cassandra) to be dragged away from the altar at which she had taken refuge (VII). I. nam ut Pergama accensa et praeda per participes aequiter partita est. [NONIUS, s. i: aequiter.] II. Turn autem lascivum Nerei simum pecus ludens ad cantum classem lustratiir. . . . [NONIUS, s. v. lustrare : pecus.] III. Solemnitusque deo litat laudem lubens. [NONIUS, s. v. solemnitus.] IV. in sedes conlocat se regias : Clutemestra iuxtim, tertias natae occupant. [NONIUS, s. v. iuxtim.] V. Ipsus se in terram saiicius fligit cadens. [NONIUS, s. v. fligi.] VI. lamne oculos specie laetavisti optabili? [NONIUS, s. v. laetare : species.] VII. Quin quod parere mihi vos maiestas mea procat toleratis temploque hanc deducitia? [NONIUS, s. r. procare = poscere.] 12 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. AIAX MASTIGOPHORUS. THE lament of Teucer over man's ingratitude. Praestatur laus virtuti, sed multo ocius verno gelu tabescit. J [NONIUS, s. v. gelu, neutr.) ANDROMEDA. A FLOOD is sent by Neptune upon the land of Cepheus because of Cassiopea's reckless boast about her daughter's beauty, to the disparagement of the Nereids. Confluges ubi conventu campum totum inumigant. [NONIUS, s. v. confluges.] EQUUS TROIANUS. THIS play probably follows the same lines as the Sinon of Sophocles. The scene may be the appearance of Cassandra, fire- brand and axe in hand, to destroy the Wooden Horse, while she prays Apollo that her prophetic words may find credence. Da mihi hasce opes quas peto, quas precor : porrige ! opitula ! [Nomus, s. v. opitula.] INO. See inf. under Laevius, page 183. EX INCERTIS FABULIS. I. Florem anculabant Liberi ex carchesiis. [PAULI FEST. s. v. anclare = haurire.] 1 Cp. Soph. Ai. 1266 4>G' rov Oavovros us raxfia TIS PporoTs \ XP' S Siappei, Kal irpoSovff' a\iffKtTcu. LIVIUS ANDRONICUS. 13 II. THE next fragment may possibly be referred to the Aegisthvs, sup. ; in which case ' the toothless infant whom the mother reared with the support of her milk ' will be Orestes. Quern ego nefrendem alui lacteam immulgens 1 opem. [PAULI TEST. s. v. nefrens.] 1 Cp. Aesch. Choeph. 897 irpds <3 av ttoXXd. S^ ftpifav apa \ ovKoiaiv CN. NAEVIUS. TRAGOEDIAE. AESIONA. AESIONA (better known to us in the Greek form, Hesione), the daughter of Laomedon, was rescued from a sea-monster by Hercules and Telamon, who were to claim the maiden on their return from Colchis. But Laomedon, with his usual bad faith, broke his promise, and this fragment may contain the threat of Hercules or Telamon, that the father shall be chastened not with mere words (lingua), but with the sword-blade (lingula). Ne mihi gerere morem videar lingua verum lingula. [AuL. GELL. 10. 25.] ANDROMACHA. THE advice of a mother to her son. Quod tu, mi gnate, quaeso ut in pectus tuum demittas, tanquam in fiscinam vindemitor. [SERV. in Verg. Georg. i. 266.] DANAE. ACHISIUS immures his daughter Danae in a brazen tower, but lupiter finds means to enter the stronghold. He may be supposed to be speaking confidentially to Mercury, before the maiden is imprisoned (I), extolling her beauty, and acknowledging CN. NAEVIUS. 15 the mastery of Love (II). Acrisius accuses DanaS, and all other women, of incontinence (III, IV) ; and justifies her punishment (V). DanaS is banished from her home by her angry father (VI) ; and all that ' shower of gold ' has profited her nothing (VII). In her distress she prays lupiter to give her a sign from heaven (VIII) ; and her prayer is granted (IX). I. Contempla placide formam et faciem Virginia. [NONIUS, s. r. contempla.] II. Onines formidant homines eius valentiam. [NONIUS, s. v. valentia.] III. Desiibito famam tollunt si quam solam videre in via. [Nonius, s. v. desubito.] IV. Earn compotem scis mine esse inventam probri. [NONIUS, s. v. compotem, in mala parte.] V. Quin ut quisque est meritus praesens pretium pro factis ferat. [NONIUS, s. r. pretium.] VI. . . . indigne exigor patria innocens. [NONIUS, s. v. exigor.] VII. Male parta male dilabuntur. [Cic. Phil. 2. 27.] VIII. Manubias 1 suppetiat prone . . . [NONIUS, s. v. manubiae.] 1 manubiae, in the technical language of the augurs, meant ' flashes of lightning.' Serv. in Verg. Aen. 2. 259. 1 6 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. IX. Suo sonitu claro fiilgorivit Iiippiter. [NONIUS, s. v. fulgorivit.] HECTOR PROFICISCENS. THE main subject of this play was the setting out of Hector to battle. Proud of his father's praise (I), he designs to burn the Greek fleet, and leave not one man alive (II). See Horn. 11. 8. 132, 173 ; 12. 73. I. Laetus sum laudari me abs te, pater, a laudato viro. [Cic. Tusc. Disp. 4. 31 ; 5. 12 ; Ad Fam. 15. 6.] II. Tune ipsos adoriant, ne qui hinc Spartam referat nuntium. [PRISCIAN, 8. p. 801 P. s. v. adorio.] IPHIGENIA. THIS fragment is apparently taken from an Iphigenia in Tauris. The prayer, ' that the North Wind may spread his wings and waft me home,' may be uttered by Orestes or by his sister, or by one of her home-sick maidens, weary of their life in Scythia. Passo velod vicinum, Aquilo, med in portum fer foras. [NONIUS, s. v. passum = extensum.] LYCUBGTJS. WE are told by Sophocles (Antig. 955 foil.) how Lycurgus, son of Dryas, the haughty king of the Edoni, sought to stop the revels of the Bacchanals ; and how Dionysus punished him for his insolence. The play of Naevius follows the general outline of the Bacchae of Euripides ; and the fate of Lycurgus corresponds with that of Pentheus, as there described. The king's watchmen report the appearance of the frenzied Maenads, trampling down the crops, and chanting wild songs (I-III). He orders his guards to draw CN. NAEVIUS. 17 them into the deep forest ; to trap them there like birds in a snare, and to put them to death (IV-VI). But they suspect the king's intention : ' he means to hunt them down, and to conduct the revellers from his groves, with savage vengeance as their guerdon ' (VII). But the king's behest shall not stop them ! (VIII). Then the guards bring the Wine-god before the king, who questions them as to the capture (IX). He threatens his prisoner ; but is warned not to try conclusions with him (X, XI). Lycurgus and Liber proceed to altercation (XII, XIII) ; meanwhile the guards return and report in amaze the sportive fearlessness of the Bacchae (XIV- XVI). Then Liber calls down fire from heaven, and all the king's palace bursts into flame, brilliant as a flower (XVII, XVIII) ; while a loud voice is heard, summoning Lycurgus forth (XIX). I. Alte iubatos angues in sese ferunt. [NONIUS, s. v. angues.] II. Liberi sunt ; quaque incedunt omnes arvas opterunt. [NONIUS, s. r. arvas, femin.~] III. suavisoniim melos. [NONIUS, s. r. melos.] IV. Vos qui regalis corporis custodias agitatis, ite actutum in frundiferos locos, ingenio arbusta ubi nata sunt, non obsita. [NONIUS, s. v. ingenio = sua sponte.] V. ducite eo cum argutis linguis mutas quadrupedes. [NONIUS, s. v. mutus.] VI. Sublime in altos saltus inlicite invios ubi bipedes volucres lino linquant liimina. [NONIUS, s. r. inlicere.] 1 8 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. VII. Ut in venatu vitulantes ex suis lucis nos mittat poenis decoratas feris. [NONIUS, s. v. vitulantes = gaudentes.] VIII. pergite thyrsigerae Bacchae Bacchico cum schemate. [NONIUS, s. t\ schema.] IX. Die quo pacto eum potiti, pugnan an dolis ? [NoNius, s. v. potior cum accus.~\ X. Ne ille mei feri ingeni [iram] atque animi acrem acri- moniam. [NoNius, s. v. acrimonia.] XI. Cave sis tuam contendas iram contra cum ira Liberi. [NONIUS, s. v. contendere = comparare.] XII. 'Oderunt di homines iniuros.' 'Egone an ille iniurie facimus ? ' [NONIUS, s. v. iniurie = iniuriose.] XIII. Sic quasi amnis celeris rapit, sed tamen inflexu flectitur. [NoNius, s. v. amnis, /ewn'w.] XIV. lam ibi nos duplicat advenientis maximus timos pavos. [NoNius, s. v. timos = timor.] CN. NAEVIUS. 19 XV. Namque ludere lit laetantes inter sese vidimus propter amnem, aquam creterris siimere ex fonte . . . [NONIUS, s. v. creterra.] XVI. sfne terrore pecua ut ad mortem meant. [NONIUS, s. v. pecua.] XVII. . . . ut videam Volcani opera haec flammis fieri flora. [See AUL. GELL. 3. 9. 3.] XVIII. Longe lateque transtros nostros fervere. [NONIUS, s. v. fervere.] XIX. Proinde hue Dryante r6gem prognatum patre Lyciirgum cette ! [NONIUS, s. v. cette = cedite, date.] PRAETEXTAE. ALIMONTUM REMI ET ROMULI, SIVE ROMULUS, SIVE LUPUS. THE title of the play is uncertain and the scanty remains leave the subject hopelessly obscure. Perhaps the Veientine king Viba visits Amulius, but is coldly received. He is questioned, somewhat contemptuously, as to the troubles in the state of Veii (I, II). C 2 20 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. I. Rex Veiens regem salutat Viba Albanum Amulium comiter senem sapientem. ' Contra redhostis ? ' ' Min salust ? ' [FESTUS, s. v. redhostire = referre gratiam.] II. ' Cedo qui rem vestram publicam tantam amisistis tarn cito ? ' ' proveniebant oratores novef, stulti adulescentuli.' [Cic. Cat. Mai. 7. 20.] CLASTIDITJM. THIS play recounts the victory of Marcellus over the Gallic chieftain, Virdumarus, whom he attacked while besieging the Roman dependency, Clastidium, and stripped him of the ' spolia opima.' Vita insepulta laetus in patriam redux. [VAKRO, L. L. g. 78.] The Clastidium may have been acted on the occasion of Marcellus' triumph, or at the funeral games after his death ; or, perhaps when Claud. Marcellus dedicated the temple to Virtus, which his father had vowed seventeen years before. NAEVII ET METELLORUM ALTERCATIO. Naevius maintained that the consulships of the Metelli had fallen to them by luck, and not by merit ; with a possible further meaning of ' to our misfortune.' CN. NAEVIUS. 21 ' Antiquum Naevii est : Fato Metelli Romae consules fiuiit. Cui tune, Metellus consul iratus versu responderat seuario hypercatalecto, qui et Saturnius dicitur : Dabvint malum Metelli Naevio poetae.' [PSEUDASCON. in Cic. Verr. Act. i. 10.] There is a particular force in the word malum, which has a special reference to a flogging, such as might be administered to slaves. Cp. PLAUT. Eudens, 4. 4. 81 ; TERENT. Adelph. 4. 45 ; LIVY, 4. 49, 50. PALLIATAE. ARIOLTTS. ACCORDING to Aul. Gellius (3. 3.), the ' Ariolus ' and ' Leo ' were the titles of two plays written by Naevius while in the prison, to which he had been brought by his superbia Campana. He is said by means of these plays to have made the amende honorable to the powerful personages whom he had offended ; and so ' a tribunis plebis exemptus est.' But if the first fragment has any meaning to us, it would seem that the ' hungry lion, in whose jaws you would put the curb at your peril,' was none other than Naevius himself, in anything but a submissive mood. The second fragment con- tains a joke at the favourite viands of some of the Italian towns a stew of the inside of a sow after farrowing, for the Lanuvini ; and ' Praenestinae nuces' (Cato, It. R. 8), for the guests from Praeneste. I. Deprandi item leoni si obdas oreas. [FESTUS, 182 M, orcae, freni quod ori inferuntur.] 22 FRAGMENTA SELECTA. II. ' Quis heri apud te ? ' ' Praenesti'ni et Lanuvini hospites.' ' suopte utrosque decuit acceptos cibo ; altri's inanem viilvulam madidam dari, altris nuces in proclivi profiindier. ' COLAX. IN the prologue to the Eunuchus, Terence alludes to the Colax of Naevius and of Plautus, as introducing the characters of the parasite and the swashbuckler. But Menander was the original inventor of these characters ; and it is from Menander, and not from his own Latin predecessors, that Terence has borrowed them, as he warmly insists. We have here the parasite and the swashbuckler on the stage together. The soldier in his conceit claims to be Hercules, and demands his usual tithe : the parasite jokingly retorts that he has practically given it already, as he has appropriated to his own use the dainties provided for someone else's table ; and this may be looked upon as the public feast which was regularly offered to Hercules as his tithe. Qui decumas partis? quantum mi alieni fuit polluxi tibi iam publicando epulo Herculis decumas. [PRISCIAN, s. r. pollucere.] TARENTILLA. IN the play of the ' Girl of Tarentum ' we have a prologue, the single remnant of which is thus interpreted by Mommsen (H. R., B. 3, cap. 14) : ' the position of the poet under the sceptre of the Lagidae and Seleucidae is enviable as compared with his position in free Rome ' (I). The plot describes the adventures of two young men who are paying a visit to Tarentum, where they are feasting (II), and flirting, with at least one very facile damsel (III). Suddenly their fathers appear on the scene (IV). The young men pay them the best 'welcome they can (V) ; but they meet with a rude rebuff (VI), and a stern lecture ; after which they are straight- way sent home (VII). CN. NAEVIUS. 23 I. Quae ego in theatre mei's probavi plaiisibus ea non audere quemquam regem nimpere ! quanto libertatem hanc hie superat servitus. [CHAKIS. 2. p. iga-P, s. v. quanto.] II. Uterubi cenaturi estis ? hicine an in triclinio ? [CHAKIS. 2. p. 198 P, s. v. utrubi.] III. Quasi in choro ludens datatim dat se et communem facit. alii adnutat, alii adnictat, alium amat, alium tenet. alibi manus est occupata, alii percellit pedem, annulum dat alii spectandum, a labris alium iiivocat, cum alio cantat, at tamen alii suo dat digito litteras. [IsiDOR. Orig. i. 25, Ennio locum adscribens.] IV. . . . ubi isti duo adulescentes habent, qui hie anteparta patria peregre prodigunt ? [CHARIS. 2. p. 189 P, s. v. peregre.] V. Salvi et fortunati sitis duo duum nostrum patres ! [CHAKIS. i. p. 102 P, s. t;. duum.] VI Ei ei ! etiam audent me coram apparere . . . ? [CHAKIS. 2. p. 213 P, *. c. ei, ei.] 34 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. VII. Pri'mum ad virtutem ut redeatis> abeatis ab ignavia, domi patres patriam Tit colatis potius quam peregri probra. [CHABIS. ut sup. IV.] TUNICTTLABIA. IT is not easy to understand the picture here given, but it would seem that Theodotus, who is engaged on some trumpery decoration for the altars at the Compitalia a sketch of the Lares dancing, roughly washed in with a ' bull's-tail ' for a brush is so pro- foundly impressed with the importance of his work that he shuts himself up in his studio, and keeps out the prying public by a screen of mats. If we read ' compellas ' with MSS., it may mean 'you are rebuking'; if, with Ribbeck, ' compiles,' we may render ' you can rob ' : the painter being so absorbed in his work. Theodotum compellas qui aris Compitalibus sedens in cella ci'rcumtectus tegetibus Lares ludentes peni pinxit bubulo. [FESTUS, p. 230 M, penem = caudam.] EX INCERTIS FABULIS. SEE Aul. Gell. 7. 8. 5 : ' Scipionem istum, verone an falso in- certum, fama tamen, cum esset adulescens, haud sincera fuisse, et propemodum constitisse hosce versus, a Cn. Naevio poeta in eum scriptos esse.' Etiam qui res magnas manu saepe gessit gloriose, cuius facta viva nunc vigent, qui apud gentes solus praestat, eum suus pater cum pallio uno ab arnica abduxit. [AuL. GELL. I. c.] CN. NAEVIUS. 25 II. See Fronto (Epist. 2. 10. p. 33) : 'Haec enim olim incommoda [sc. subsentatoruin doli] regibus solis fieri solebant ; at enim nunc adfatim sunt qui et regum filiis linguis faveant atque adnutent, haut animis subserviant. ' III. Libera lingua loquemur ludis Liberalibus. [FESTUS, s. v. Liberalia = Liberi festa.] IV. Perhaps this fragment gives a description of the actual prison into which Naevius was thrown ; but it is more likely the picture of an ergastulum. Tantum ibi molae. crepitiim faciebant, tintinnabant com- pedes. [PAULUS, s. v. tintinnire, -are.] BELLUM PUNICUM. BOOK I. (The invocation.) Novera lovis Concordes filiae sorores, Musas 1 quos memorant Grai quasque nos Casmenas. 1 This line has also been referred to Ennius, in the hexametrical form, ' Musas quas Grai memorant, nos Casmenarum. . . .' 26 FRAGMENTA SELECTA. (Anchises learns from the, auspice* the impending fate of Troy.} Postquam aves aspexit in templo Anchisa sacra in mensa Penatium ordine ponuntur. turn victimam immolabat aureani pulchram. [PROB. Ad Verg. Ed. 6. 31.] (Aeneas and Ancliises leave Troy with their icices,~) amborum uxores noctu Troiad exibant capitibus opertis, flentes ambae abeuntes lacrimis cum miiltis. [SERVIUS DAN. Ad Verg. Aen. 3. lo.J eorum sectam sequiintur multi mortales. [Id. Ad Verg. Aen. 2. 797.] (carrying treasures from the city. Cp. Aen. 2. 763 foil.} Feriint pulchras creterras l aiireas lepistas 2 ; [CAES. BASS., &c.] pulchraque ex aiiro texta vestemque citrosam 3 . [MACROB. Sat. 3. 19. 5.] (Before sailing Anchises addresses the God of the Sea.") Senex fretus pietatei tum adlocutus summi deiim regis fratrem Neptunum regnatorem. marum 4 . [PRisc. 770, s.v. marum.] (Venus appeals to Tupiter on behalf of the storm-tost Trojans.) Patrem suiim supremum optumum adpellat : summe deum regnator, quianam me genuisti ? [VARRO, L. L. 7. 51 ; FEST. 257.] 1 creterras = crateras. * lepistas (\eTiaaTai) 'goblets.' 3 citrosam, ace. to Macrob. 1. c. = the Homeric 6vu>8ea ei'/xara. * marum = marium, Prise. 770. CN. NAEVIUS. 27 ( Visit to the Sibyl, and (possibly) description of the Cumaean Temple.) Inerant signa expressa, quomodo Titanes bicorpores Gigantes magnique Atlantes, Runcus atque Porporeus filii Terras 1 [PRISC. 679, s. r. Terras.] BOOK II. (Aeneas is questioned by Dido, or (more likely) by Latinus, about his departure from Troy.*) Blande et docte perconctat Aenea quo pacto Troiani urbeni liquisset. [NONIUS, s. i'. perconcta.] (Amulius discovers the parentage of the rescued twins.) Manusque siisum ad caelum siistulit suas rex Amulius divisque gratulabatur. [Noxius, s. v. gratulari = gratias agere.] (Appearance of gods, perhaps to protect the Capitol.} ^ ^ prima incedit Cereris puer 2 Proserpna. [PRISC. 697, s. v. puer.] deinde pollens sagittis inclutus arquitenens. sanctiis Delphi's prognatus Pythius Apollo. [MACKOB. Sat. 6. 5. 8 ; cp. VERG. Aen. 3. 75.] BOOK III. (Sacred ceremonies of the Fetials in proclaiming war.) Scopas atque verbenas 3 sagmina sumpserunt. [PAUL. 320, s. v. sagmina.] 1 Terras, gen. * puer, fern. 3 verbenas, prob. genitive with sagmina, or amis. pi. in appos. with scopas = ' twigs. ' 28 FRAGMENTA SELECTA. Simul atrocia proi'cerent exta ministratores. [NONIUS, s. v. atrox.] (Exploits of the Consul Marcus (al. Manias) Valerius in Sicily, B.C. 263.) Marcus Valerius consul partem exerciti 1 in expeditionem ducit. [CHARIS. 103, s. v. exerciti.] BOOK IV. (Formation of Roman fleet and naval drill.} Eatem aeratam conferre qui queant perite per liquidum mare sedentes atque soedantes 2 . [VARRO, L. L. 7. 23.] (Exploits of Atilius Eegulas in Malta, B.C. 257.) transit Melitam exercitus Komanus, insulam integram urit populatur vastat, rem hostium concinnat 3 . [NONIUS, s. v. concinnare.] (The next pat-sages may refer to the disastrous defeat of llegulus near Clypea (B. c. 255), and the discussions in the Senate upon the relief of the (jarrison or the ransom of the prisoners. Others find in them an allusion to Atilius Calatinus, entrapped with his army into an ambush near Cttmarina, from which he was delivered by the gallantry of the tribune Calpurnius Flamma, B. C. 258.) Seseque vei * perire mavolunt ibidem 1 exerciti, gen. as from the declension. 2 soedantes = sudantes (the passage is almost hopelessly corrupt). 3 concinnatj a sort of grim irony = ' arranges the foemen's affairs ' ; or, perhaps, ' secures the foemen's property.' * rei = vi, Bahrens, for ei or i. CN. NAEVIUS. 29 quam cum stupro * redire ad suos populares. Sin illos deserant fortissimos virorum, magnum stuprum populo fieri per gentis. [FEST. 317, s. v. stuprum.] BOOK V. (Vahlen suggests that thefoUoiriny icords may refer to the contemptuous action of Publius Claudius icho, to defy the senate, named his own clerk Claudius Q-licia as dictator. Glicia, though his appointment was immediately cancelled, appeared at the Great Games in his praetexta.) dictator ubi currum insedit pervehitur usque ad oppidum' 2 . [VARRO, L. L. 5. 153.] BOOK VI. (Commemorates the seventeenth year of the War, sc. 248 B.C. The Romans are supposed to be icearied by its length.) lam septimum decimum annum ilico 3 sedentes [NONIUS, s.v. ilico.] (Aurelius Cotta and P. Servilius Geminus, the consuls, carry on tear in Sicily.) Censet eo venturum obviam Poenum. [NONIUS, s. v. censere.] BOOK VII. (Hanno's fleet having been (B.C. 241) crushed near Lilybaeum, Hamilcar males terms tcith C. Lutatim Catulus.~) 1 shipro= 'dishonour,' Fest. 317. 2 oiyndum. ' In circo unde mittuntur equi, mine dicuntur car- ceres, Naevius oppidum appellat.' Varro, L. L. 5. 153. 3 Him ' in eo loco,' Non. 325. 5. 30 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. Id quoque paciscunt moenia 1 ut sint quae concilient Lutatium : captives plurimos idem Sicilienses paciscit obsides ut reddant. [NONIUS, s. v. paciscunt.] 1 moenia, perhaps = munia, 'duties,' i.e. 'terms' or 'conditions.' If moenia be taken in its ordinary sense, we must with Bahrens suppose a lacuna. Q. ENNIUS. ANNALES. BOOK I. Invocation of the Greek Muses. Musae quae pedibus magnum pulsatis Olympum. [VARRO, L. L. 7. 20.] (The poem begins with the fall of Troy,} Cum veter occubuit Priamus sub Marte Pelasgo. [PRISC. 607. s. v. veter.] (and the landing of Aeneas in Italy .-) Est locus Hesperiani quam mortales perhibebant : [MACROB. Sat. 6. i. n.] quarn prisci casci populi tenuere Latini. [VARRO, L. L. 7. 28.] (The prophetic dream of Ilia the Vestal, daughter of Aeneas.*) Excita cum tremulis anus attulit artubus lumen, talia commemorat lacrimans, exterrita somno : 'Euridica prognata, pater quam noster amavit, vires .vitaque corpus meum mine deserit omne. nam me visus homo pulcher per amoena salicta et ripas raptare locosque novos ; ita sola 32 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. postilla, germana soror, errare videbar tardaque vestigare et quaerere te, neque posse corde capessere, semita nulla pedem stabilibat, Exin compellare pater me voce videtur his verbis : ' o gnata, tibi sunt ante ferendae aerumnae, post ex fluvio fortuna resistet V haec ecfatus pater, germana, repente recessit nee sese dedit in conspectum corde cupitus, quamquam multa manus ad caeli caerula templa tendebam lacrimans et blanda voce vocabam. vix aegro turn corde meo me somnus reliquit. [Cic. De Div. i. 20. 40.! (Ilia, condemned to be thrown with her twin boys into the Tiber, in- vokes the aid of Venus and the River-god.) Te venerata precor Venus tu genetrix patris nostri ; ut me de caelo visas rogitata parumper. [NONIUS, s. v. parumper.] tuque pater Tiberine tuo cum flumine sancto ! [MACROS. Sat. 6. i. 12.] (The Tiber stays his current, and the babes are left on dry land.) Postquam consistit fluvius qui est omnibus princeps qui sunt Italia. [FRONTO, Ep. ad M. Anton. : Cic. Orat. 48.] (Romulus and Remus, before founding their city, observe the auspices?) Cum cura magna curantes, turn cupientes regni, dant operam simul auspicio augurioque. Mnc Eemus auspicio se devovet, atque secundam solus avem servat ; at Romulus pulcher in alto 1 resisted = restituetur. Cp. Cic. Pro Mur. 39. 84. Q. ENNIUS. 33 quaerit Aventino, servat genus altivolantum : omnibus cura viris uter esset induperator ; certabant urbem Romam Eemoramne vocarent. exspectant veluti consul cum mittere signum volt, omnes avidi spectant ad carceris oras, quam mox emittat pictis e faucibus currus : sic exspectabat populus atque ora tenebat, rebus utri magni victoria sit data regni. interea sol albus 1 recessit in infera noctis, exin Candida se radiis dedit icta foras lux, et simul ex alto longe pulcherrima praepes laeva volavit avis ; simul aureus exoritur sol. cedunt de caelo ter quatuor corpora sancta avium, praepetibus sese pulchrisque locis dant. conspicit inde sibi data Romulus esse priora, auspicio regni stabilita scamna solumque. [Cic. De Div. i. 48.] (Remus laughs at his 'brother's caution in "building a wall.') luppiter ut muro fretus magis quamde manus vi ! [FESTUS, 261, s. v. quamde.] (He leaps over it, and is slain by Romulus.') Non pol homo quisquam faciet impune animatus 2 hoc quod tu : nam mi calido dabis sanguine poenas ! [MACKOB. Sat. 6. i. 15.] (The Rape of the Salines.} Virgnes 3 nam sibi quisque domi Romanus habet sas 4 . [FEST. 325, PAULUS 324, s. v. sas.] 1 sol albus is generally taken of the ' moon ' : but cp. albicascit Phoebus (inf. Matii Mimiambi, page i, 181). z animatus = anima praeditus. 3 virgnes : so Miiller for virgines, comparing the form Proserpna (Naev. Bell. Pun. lib. 2). * sos=eas. D 34 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. (Reconciliation of Romulus and Titus latins, perhaps l>y the pleading of Ilersilia (Liv. I. n.) who says :) Aeternam seritote diem concorditer ambo. [CHARIS. 177.] Accipe daque fidem foedusque feri bene firmum. [MACROB. Sat. 6. i. 13.] ( Titus Tatius was slain by some Laurentines, one of whom may have complained of his arrogance.') O Tite tute Tati tibi tanta, tyranne, tulisti ! [PRISC. 947, s. v. tute.] (The Assumption of Romulus.} Eomulus in caelo cum dis genitalibus aevum degit. [SERV. in Verg. Aen. 6. 764.] BOOK II. (The Lament for Romulus.} Pectora fida tenet desiderium : simul inter sese sic memorant, ' o Komule, Eomule die, qualem te patriae custodem di genuerunt ! o pater, o genitor, o sanguen dis oriundum, tu produxisti nos intra luminis oras.' [Cic. De Rep. i. 41.] (Accession of Numa ; his meetings with the nymph.} Olli respondit suavis sonus Egeriai. [VARRO, L. L. 7. 42.] ( War between Rome and Alba : the victory to be decided by the combat of Horatii and Citriatii.') quianam legiones caedimus ferro? [SERV. in Verg. Aen. 10. 6.] Q. ENNIUS. 35 (The victorious Horatius excuses himself to his sister for the slaughter of her betrothed.) Adnuit sese mecum decernere ferro. [PRISC. 882, s. r. adnuo.] (Treachery of Mettus Fuffetius, the Alban general, and his punishment ly Tullus.) tractatus per aequora campi. [MACKOB. De Verb. 4. 651.] (His body is devoured by birds of prey.) Vulturus in spinis g. Aen. n. 307.] Q. ENNIUS. 43 BOOK IX. (Consulship of Cornelius Cethegus and P. Semp. Tuditanus B. c. 204.) Additur orator Cornelius suaviloquenti ore Cetegus Marcus Tuditano conlega Marci filius . . . ... is dictust ollis popularibus olim, qui turn vivebant homines atque aevom agitabant, flos delibatus populi suadaeque medulla. [Cic. Brut. 15. 58, &c.] BOOK X. (Macedonian War to the battle of Cynoscephalae.) Insece, Musa, manu Romanorum induperator quod quisque in bello gessit cum rege Philippo. [Aux. QELL. 18. 9. 2.] (Consulship of Sext. Aelius Paetus and T. Quintius Flamininu*, B.C. 198.) Egregie cordatus homo catus Aelius Sextus. [Cic. De Rep. r. 18. 30 ; De Or. i. 45. 198.] (The Roman army, entrapped in a defile in Chaonia, is guided into safety by an Epirot shepherd, who thus addresses Flamininus :) Sollicitari te, Tite, sic noctesque diesque ! O Tite, si quid ego adiuro curamve levasso, quae hunc te coquit et versat in pectore fixa, ecquid erit praemi? [Cic. Cat. Mai. init.] (The general watches his troops during the fight at Cynoscephalae.} Aspectabat virtutem legionis suai, exspectans si mussaret, quae denique pausa pugnandi fieret aut duri meta laboris. [PHILARGYR. in Verg. Georg. 4. i88.J 44 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. (The remaining fragments of the look perhaps refer to a scene between Sophonisba and Masinissa.} Erubuit mulier ceu lacte et purpura mixta. [NONIUS, s. v. lacte.] aegro corde, comis palmis late passis 'pater' . . . [NONIUS, s. v. passum.] BOOK XI. (The exploits of Flamininus, and the submission of the haughty Philip.} Quippe solent reges onmes in rebus secundis [FEST. 257.] (Flamininus [Livy 33. 32] proclaims at the Isthmian games the liberty of the Greek cities ; and dwells upon the connection of Rome with Troy .-) Contendunt Graios, Graecos memorare solent sos. [FEST. 286, s. v. sos.] Quae neque Dardaniis campis potuere perire, nee cum capta capi, nee cum combusta cremari. [MACBOB. Sat. 6. i. 60.] (The scene changes to Borne, and the violent protest of Cato against the abrogation of Lex Oppia de cultu mulierum [Livy 34 ad init.].) malo cruce fatur uti des luppiter ! [NONIUS, s. v. crux, Pendent peniculamenta unum ad quodque pedule. [NONIUS, s. v. peniculamentum.] Q. ENNIUS. 45 BOOK XII. (Perhaps alluding to the carousal of the Histri, after they had taken the Eoman camp [Livy 41. 3].) Omnes mortales victores cordibus imis laetantes, vino curatos, somnus repente in campo passim mollissimus perculit acris. [PKISC. 647, s. v. acer et acris.] BOOK XIII. (The fear of the impending war with Antiochus, who appeared to be [Floras i. 24. 43] a second Xerxes or Darius.} Isque Hellesponto pontem contendit in alto. [VARKO, L. L. 7. 21.] (Difference of opinion between Antiochus and Hannibal, who had ori- ginally urged the Tcing to war.) Hannibal audaci cum pectore de me horitatur ne bellum faciam ? quern credidit esse meum cor * suasorem summum et studiosum robore belli. [AuL. GELL. 6, 2. 3.] BOOK XIV. (Battle of Myonnesus, in which M. Aemiltus Regillus, B.C. 190, con- quers Polyxenides, the commander of the fleet of Antiochus [Liv. 37. 28, etc.].) Verrunt extemplo placidum mare marmore flavo, caeruleum spumat sale conferta rate pulsum. [AuL. GELL. 2. 26. 31.] Labitur uncta carina ; volat super impetus undas. [MACROB. Sat. 6. i. 51.] Cum procul aspiciunt hostes accedere ventis navibus velivolis. [Ib. 6. 5. 10.] 46 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. (Exhortation of Antiochus to his soldiers.} Nunc est ille dies cum gloria maxima sese nobis ostentat, si vivimus sive morimur. [Pmsc. 880, s. v. moriri.] (His dismay at being defeated.') Infit 'o cives, quae me fortuna ferocem contudit indigne, bello confecit acerbo ! ' [PKISC. 891, s. v. contudit.] BOOK XV. (Exploits of M. Fulvius NoMlior, who defeated the Aetolians, and stormed Ambracia.} Malos diffindunt, fiunt tabulata falaeque. [NONIUS, s. v. falae.] Occumbunt multi letum fer *oque lapique aut intra muros aut extra praecipe casu. [PRISC. 725, s. v. praecipis.] BOOK XVI. (The poet approaches more recent times;} Quippe vetusta virum non est satis bella moveri. [FEST. 257.] (Philip has grown too old to renew the war.} . . . post aetate pigret sufferre laborem. [NONIUS, s. v. pigret.] Postremo longinqua dies confecerat aetas. [AuL. GELL. 9. 14. 5.] Q. ENNIUS. 47 (He dies, and receives a splendid burial.') Keges per regnum statuasque sepulcraque quaerunt, ludificant nummum, summa nituntur opum vi. [MACROS. Sat. 6. i. 17.] (Histrian War carried on by C. Claudius Pulcher against King Epulo, and taking of Nesactium [Livy 41. 1 1].) Quos ubi rex Epulo spexit de cotibus celsis. [FEST. 330, s. v. spexit.j (Fight of the tribune Caelius, or, more likely, C. Aelius, Livy 41. 4.) Undique conveniunt velut imber tela tribune : configunt parmam, tinnit hastilibus umbo, aerato sonitu galeae. Sed nee pote quisquam undique nitendo corpus discerpere ferro : semper adundantes hastas frangitque quatitque. totum sudor habet corpus multumque laborat, nee respirandi fit copia praepete ferro : Histri tela manu iacientes sollicitabant. [MACROS. Sat. 6. 3. 2 : cp. HOM. II. 16. 102 foil.] BOOK XVII. (Perhaps a reference to the exploits of Fulvitis Flaccus in Celtiberia.) It eques, et plausu cava concutit ungula terrain. [MACROB. Sat. 6. i. 22.] Concurrunt veluti venti, cum spiritus austri imbricitor aquiloque suo cum flamine contra indu mari maguo fluctus extollere certant. [MACROB. Sat. 6. 2. 28.] 48 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. BOOK XVIII. (To this book may "be referred these, general and personal sayings.} Audire est operae pretium procedere recte qui rem Komanam Latiumque augescere vultis. [PoRPHYK. ad Hor. Sat. i. 2. 37.] Noenu decet mussare bonos qui facta labore nixi militiae peperere perennia multo. [PHILAKG. in Verg. Georg. 4. 188.] (The poet recalls the fact of his own citizenship, and weary with his task is glad to seek repose.) Nos sumus Eomani qui fuimus ante Kudini. [Cic. De Orat. 3. 42.] Sicut fortis equus, spatio qui saepe supremo vicit Olympia, nunc senio confectus quiescit. [Cic. Cat. Mai. 5. 14.] TRAGOEDIAE. ALCUMAEO. ALCMAEON, after murdering his mother Eriphyle, for her treachery to her husband Amphiaraus, is pursued from land to land by the Furies, till he reaches the city of Psophis in Arcadia, where he finds purification at the hands of Phegeus the king. He marries the king's daughter Arsinoe ; and here he is represented as appeal- ing to her in his terror at the avenging deities (I, II). Q. ENNIUS. . 49 Multimedia sum circumventus morbo exilio atque inopia ; turn pavor sapientiam omnem mi exanimate expectorat, tetrum terribilem minatur vitae cruciatum et necem, quae nemost tarn firmo ingenio et tanta confidentia quin refugiat timido sanguen atque exalbescat metu. [Cic. De Orat. 3. 58.] II. Unde haec flamma oritur? in caedem meam, in caedem adsunt, adsunt, me ex- petunt ! fer mi auxilium, pestem abige a me, flammi'feram hanc vim, quae me excruciat. caerulea incinctae angui incedunt circumstant cum ardentibus taedis. in me intendit crinitus Apollo arcum aiiratum, luna innixus, Diana facem iacit a laeva. [Cic. Acod. Pr. 2. 28.] ALEXANDER. HECTTBA, wife of Priam, having dreamed that she had brought forth a firebrand, her husband ordered that the son she bore should be put to death. But the servants spared his life, and certain shepherds having found him when he was exposed, he was rescued, and brought up under the name of Paris (I x ; ; which was afterwards changed to Alexander, because of his prowess in the games (II, III). He is received into the king's palace, and Cassandra, terrified at the sight of him, prophesies the downfall of Troy (IV). She foretells the fatal 'ludicium Paridis' (V) ; the death of Hector (VI) ; and the stratagem of the ' Wooden Horse' (VII). 50 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. I. . . . mater gravida parere se ardentem facem visast in somnis Hecuba : quo fato pater rex ipse Priamus somnio mentis metu perculsus, curis saucius superantibus, sic sacrificabat hostiis balantibus. turn coniecturam postulat, pacem petens, ut se edoceret obsecrans Apollinem, quo sese vertant tantae sortes somnium. ibi ex oraclo voce divina edidit Apollo, puerum primus Priamo qui foret post ilia natus, temperaret tollere l : eum esse exitium Troiae, pestem Pergamo, [Cic. De Div. i. 21. 42.] II. Is habet coronam vitulans victoria. [PAtTLus, s. v. vitulans.] III. Quapropter Pari'm pastores mine Alexandrum vocant. [VAKRO, L. L. 7. 82.] IV. HEC. Sed quid oculis rabefe visa es derepente arden- tibus ? ubi ilia tua paulo ante sapiens virginalis modestia? CASS. Mater, optumarum multomeliormuliermulierum, maesta sum superstitiosis ariolationibus. namque Apollo fatis 2 fandis dementem invitam ciet. virgines aequales vereor : patris mei meurn 3 factum pudet, 1 tottere. ' to acknowledge.' 2 fatis, dative. s meum, gen. plur. Q. ENNIUS. 51 optumi viri '. mea mater, tui me miseret, mei piget. optumam progeniem Priamo peperisti extra me. hoc dolet ! men obesse, illos prodesse, me obstare, illos obsequi ! adest adest fax obvoluta sanguine atque incendio. miiltos annos latuit : cives, ferte opem et restinguite. iamque mari magno classis cita t&dtur, exitium examen rapit : adveniet, fera velivolantibus uavibus complebft manus litora. [Cic. De Div. i. 31.] V. eheu ! videte iudicabit mclutum iudicium inter deas tris aliquis : quo iudicio Lacedaemonia mulier, Furiarum una, ad- veniet. [Cic. De Div. i. 50.] VI. liix Troiae, germane Hector ! quid ita . . . cum tuo lacerato corpore, miser, aiit qui te sic tractavere nobis respectantibus ? [MACROB. Sat. 6. 2. 18.] VII. Nam maximo saltil superabit gravidus arniatis equus, sud qui partu . . . p6rdat Pergania drdua. [MACKOB. Sat. 6. 2. 25. ] ANDBOMACHA AECHMALOTIS. ANDROMACHE laments the loss of Hector and Astyanax (I) ; and mourns qver her city burned to the ground (II). 1 viri, gen. sing, with patris ; or voc. plur. 2 52 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. I. Vidi videre quod me passa aegerrume. Hectorem J curru quadriiugo raptarier, Hectoris natum de muro iactarier. [Cic. Tusc. Disp. i. 44.] II. Quid petam praesidi aiit exsequar? quove mine auxilio exilf aut fugae freta sim? arce et lirbe orba sum. quo accidam? quo applicem? cuf nee arae patriae dorni stant, fractae et disiectae iacent, fana flamma deflagrata, tosti alti stant parietes deformati atque abiete crispa. O pater, o patria, o Priami domus, saeptum altisono cardine templum ! vidi ego te astante ope barbarica, tectfs caelatis lacuatis, auro, ebore instructam regifice. haec omnia videi inflammarei, Priamo vi vitam evitarei 2 , lovis aram sanguine turpari. [Cic. Tusc. Disp. 3. 19.] CRESPHONTES. CRESPHONTES, king of Messenia, espoused the cause of the people against the nobles, whose leader, Polyphontes, slew him, together with his two sons, forcibly taking to wife Merope, the widow of the murdered man. Merope's own father Cypselus was among the adherents of Polyphontes. We hear the protest of the nobles against the claims of the burghers (I) ; the altercation between Cypselus and Merope (II) ; and her grief at being debarred from paying funeral honours to her sons (III). 1 Hectorem. For the quantity cp. Varro, L. L. 10. 70. 2 evitarei, with play on vitam ; ' unlifed of his life.' Q. ENNIUS. 53 I. An inter sese sortiunt urbem atque agros? [NONIUS, s. v. sortiunt.] II. 1 Iniiiria abs te adficior indigna, pater. nani si inprobum esse Cresphontem tu existimas, cur me huius locabas nuptiis? sin est probus, cur talem invitam invitum cogis linquere ? ' ' nulla te indigna, o nata, adficio iniuria, si probus est, bene locavi ; sin est inprobus, divortio te liberabo incommodis.' [Aucr. Ad Herenn. 2. 24.] III. Neque terrain inicere neque cruenta convestire corpora mihi licuit miserae, neque lavere lacrima salsa sanguinem. [MACROS. Sat. 6. 2. i : cp. VERG. Aen. 9. 486.] HECTORIS LTTTRA. THIS play includes the whole of the action in the Iliad from the sally of Hector to the restoration of his corpse to his father, in- cluding the death of Patroclus. Hector comes boldly forth from the walls (I), and in the battle which ensues many are wounded, among them Eurypylus, who comes back to Patroclus, seeking the aid of a physician (II). Patroclus enquires eagerly about the for- tune of the day (t'6.). Achilles suffers Patroclus to take his place in the field, and the young man commits himself to the protection of heaven (III). News comes of the death of Patroclus, and Achilles steps forth in terrible anxiety from his tent (IV). He calls on each of the Myrmidones to find him armour for the fray, but no one is willing, as he bitterly acknowledges (V). When at last he rushes forth to war, all nature is hushed in awful expectancy (VI), as he drives his fiery steeds (VII), and checks their impetuous speed (VIII). The special scene which gives its name to the play is not preserved ; we only have Priam crying on the Myrmidones for pity ; and urging his plea for that justice which is better than all gallantry (IX, X.). 54 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. I. Hector vi summa armatos educit foras, castrisque castra iam ultro conferre occupat. [NONIUS, s. v. occupare.] II. EUKYP. Patricoles, ad vos adveniens auxilium et vestras manus peto, prius quam appeto malam pestem datam hostili manu. neque sanguis ullo potis est pacto profluens consistere. si qui sapientia magi's vestra mors devitarf potest. namque Aesculapi liberorum saucii opplent porticus : non potis accedi. PATRIC. Certe Eurypylus hie quidem. hominem exercitum l ! EUKYP. Qui alteri exitium parat eum scire oportet sibi paratum pestem ut participet parem. PATBIC. Eloquere, eloquere, res Argivum praelio ut se sustinet. EURYP. Non potis ecfari tantum dictis, quantum factis suppetit. [Cic. Tusc. Disp. 2. 16 : cp. HOM. II. n. 804 foil.] III. ... at ego, omnipotens Iiippiter, ted exposco ut hoc consilium Achivis auxili fuat ! [NONIUS, s. v. fuam = sim.] 1 exercitum, sc. mails. Q. ENNIUS. 55 IV. Quid hoc hie clamoris, quid tumulti est? nomen qui usurpat meum? [NoNius, s. v. tumulti.] V. Qui cupiant dare arma Achilli, cunctent pugnam obbftere. [NONIUS, s. v. cunetant.] VI. Constitit, credo, Scamander, arbores vento vacant. [NONIUS, s. v. vagas (?).] VII. . . . sublfmiter quadrupedantes . . . flammam halitantes. [DIOMEDES, s. v. halitare.] VIII. Adducit quadrupedem invitam indomitam iniugem, evalida quoius tenacia infrenast nimis. [NONIUS, s. v. tenacia.] IX. per vos et vostroriim ducum imperium et fidem, Myrmidonum vlgiles, commiserescite. [NONIUS, s. v. commiserescere.] X. Melius est virtute ius : nam saepe virtutern mali nanciscuntur : ius atque aequom se a malis spernit procul. [NONIUS, s. v. spernere=segregare.] HECUBA. HECUBA, after the treacherous murder of her son Polydorus, makes a passionate appeal to heaven (I). When she hears that 56 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. sentence has gone forth for the immolation of her daughter Polyxena, she entreats Ulysses to use his all-persuasive powers to prevent the sacrifice (II). But she feels that her supplication is all in vain (III). In her misery, she fain would take her own life, or share her daughter's death (IV, V). And, over the corpse of her murdered son, she beseeches Agamemnon to pity her, reminding him of the claim that Cassandra's surrender of herself has upon him (VI). I. O magna templa caelitum, commixta stellis splendidis ! [VARRO, L.L. 7. 6 M.] II. Haec tu etsi perverse dices, facile Achivos flexeris : nam opulenti cum locuntur pariter atque ignobiles, eadem dicta eademque oratio aequa non aeque valet. [AuL. GELL. n. 4.] [Cp. EUR. Hec. 293-295 : To 8" diu/J.a, KO.V KO.KUIS AS'TT;?, T& abv adffei' \6yos yap tK T' d8oowTwv luv KO.K TWV SOKOVVTWV O.VTOS 0V TO.VTOV ffOfVfl. Gellius, I. c., while generally approving of the rendering, does not consider ignobiles and opulenti as a satisfactory translation of the Greek.] III. Heu, me miseram, interii ! pergunt lavere sanguen sanguine. [NONIUS, s. v. sanguen.] IV. . . . miserete anuis date ferrum qui me anima privem ! [NONIUS, s. v. miserete.] V. Extemplo acceptam me necato et filiam. [VARRO, L. L. 7. 13 M.] Q. ENNIUS. 57 VI. Vide mine meae in quern lacrumae guttatim cadunt. [NONIUS, s. v. guttatim.] VII. Quae tibi in concubio verecunde et modice morem gerit. [NONIUS, s. v. modice = modeste.] [Cp. EUR. Hec. 829 : *H Ti\ra.Tcav dffira.fffj.aTwv o.w TIV' tti irais tfJO, K(ivrs 5' ew ; IPHIGENIA. AGAMEMNON, in his tent, asks his old servant 'What of the night ?' (I) [Cp. Eur. I. A. 6]. Instead of the Euripidean Chorus of maidens we have a Chorus of Achaean soldiers, fretting at the long delay (II). Then follows the altercation between Agamemnon and Menelaus : the former condemning the flight of Helen, and deprecating the sacrifice of Iphigenia (III, IV). [Cp. Eur. L A. 328 foil.]. Agamemnon, realising that the sacrifice must proceed, laments the hard law that forbids kings to weep (V). [Cp. Eur. /. A. 446.] Achilles sneers at the pretended prescience of Calchas (VI) [I. A. 956.] Iphigenia accepts her death, and surrenders herself for her country's weal (VII) [I. A. 1375 foil.]. I. AGAM. Quid noctis videtur in altisono caell clipeo? SENEX. superat temo a stellas cogens etiam atque etiam noctis sublime iter. [VARRO, L. L. 7. 73 M.] II. Otio qui nescit uti plus negoti habet quam cum quis negotiosod lititur negotio. 1 temo, sc. the constellation of the fi/aa, or septentrio. 58 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. nam cui quod agat institutumst, nullo quasi negotio id agit, id studet, ibi mentem atque animum delectat suum. otioso in otio animus nescit quid velit. hoc idem hie est : enim neque domi nunc nos nee militiae sumus : imus hue, hinc illuc : cum illuc ventumst, ire illfnc lubet : incerte errat animus, praeter propter vitam vivitur. [AuL. GELL. 19. 10. praeterpropter = ' outside.'] III. AGAM. Quis homo te exsuperavit usquam gentium impudentia ? MENEL. Quis ted autem malitia? [Cic. Tusc. Disp. 4. 36.] IV. AGAM. Egone plectar, tu delinques : tu pecces, ego arguar ? pro malefactis Helena redeat, virgo pereat innocens ? tua reconcilietur uxor, mea necetur filia ? [RUFINIAN, De Fig. Sent."] V. Plebes in hoc regi antistat loco : licet lacrumare plebi, regi honeste non licet. [HIERONYM. Epitaph. Nepot.~\ VI. Astrologorum signa in caelo quaesit, observat lovis cum capra aut nepa l aiit exoritur lumen aliquod beluae. quod est ante pedes noenu spectant : caeli scrutantur plagas. [Cic. De Rep. i. 18.] 1 nepa, the constellation of the Scorpion. Q. ENNIUS. 59 VII. Acherontem obibo, ubi mortis thesauri obiacent, ut hostium eliciatur sanguis sanguine. [FEST. De Praep. ob. : Cic. Tusc. Disp. i. 48.] MEDEA EXUL. CICERO (De Fin. i. 2. 4) quotes the Medea of Ennius as among those ' fabellas Latinas ad verbum e Graecis expressas.' This is certainly overstated. I. NUTRIX. Utinam ne in nemore Pelio seciiribus caesa accidisset abiegna ad terrain trabes, neve inde navis incohandae exordium coepisset, quae nunc nominatur nomine Argo, quia Argivi in ea delecti viri vecti petebant pellem inauratam arietis Colchis, imperio regis Peliae, per dolum. Nam numquam era errans mea domo ecferret pedem Medea, animo aegra, amore saevo saucia. [Cic. De Inv. i. 49, etc.] [Cp. EUK. Med. 1-7 : EiO' uTi, rfii/5' tcpfJHfv (j.(Li>ai p, kv 17 rpefy ruiv tfj.wv fx^pdav vetepovs iriKpovs 5' tytb ff(f>iv KOI \vypovs 0r]ff Td re Kai 7rafu{>at)s dierls 'A.(\iov, KariSfr' tSere rciv 6\ofjLffav fvvaiKa, irplv (ftoiviav riievois irpoafiaXtTv x*p' OMTOKTOVOV.] PHOENIX. PHOENIX was falsely accused of incontinence by Phthia, the con- cubine of his father Amyntor, who in his anger puts his son's eyes out. Phoenix flies to the court of Peleus, where he recovers his sight through the skill of Chiron, and is made king of the Dolopes. He seems to rebuke the nurse, who tempts him by the revelation of her mistress's passion (I, II) ; and he confronts his angry father, and proclaims his own innocence (III). 62 FRAGMENT A SELECT A. I. . . . stultust qui cupita cupiens cupienter cupit. [NONIUS, s. v. cupienter.] II. Plus miser sim, si scelestum faxim quod dicam fore. [NONIUS, s. v. faxim.] III. Sed virum virtute vera vlvere animatum addecet fortiterque innoxium adstare adversum adversaries, ea libertas est qui pectus purum et firmum gestitat ; aliae res obnoxiosae l nocte in obscura latent. [AuL. GELL. 6. 17.] TELAMO. TELAMON receives with fortitude the (false) tidings of the death of both his sons (I) ; he resents the indifference of the gods, and sneers at the pretensions of priests and seers (II). I. Ego cum genui turn morituros scivi et ei re siistuli. praeterea ad Troiam cum misi ob defendendam Graeciam, scibam me in mortiferum bellum non in epulas mittere. [Cic. Tusc. Disp. 3. 13.] II. Ego deum genus esse semper dlxi et dicam caelitum, sed eos non curare opinor quid agat humanum genus ; nam si curent, bene bonis sit, male malis ; quod mine abest. Sed superstitiosi vates inpudentesque arioli, 1 olmoxiosae, ' in the thraldom of passion.' Q. ENNIUS. 63 aiit inertes aut insani aut quibus egestas imperat, qui sibi semitam non sapiunt alteri monstrant viam, quibus divitias pollicentur ab eis drachumam ipsi petunt. de his divitiis sibi deducant drachumam, reddant cetera. [Cic. De Div. i. 58 ; 2. 50.] THYESTES. THYESTES, in his old age, returns home, trusting to an oracle of Apollo (I) ; and seeking reconciliation with his brother. But Atreus treacherously sets before him the flesh of his own children to eat ; and when Thyestes realises what he has done, he announces himself as a moral leper (II), and calls down terrible curses on Atreus (III). I. Set me Apollo ipsiis delectat atque ductat Delphicus. [NONIUS, s. v. delectare.] II. Nolite, hospites, ad me adire ! ilico istim, ne contagio mea bonis limbrave obsit ! meo tanta vis sceleris in corpore haeret. [Cic. Tusc. Disp. 3. 12.] III. Ipse summis saxis fixus asperis, evisceratus, latere pendens, saxa spargens tabo, sanie et sanguine atro, neque sepulchrum quod recipiat habeat, portuni corporis, ubi remisfsa humana vita corpus requiescat malis! [Cic. Tusc. Disp. i. 44.] 64- FRAGMENTA SELECTA. SATURAE. BOOK I. 1. Nunquam poe'tor nisi sim podager. [PRISC. 29.] 2. Malo hercle magno suo convivat sine modo. [NONIUS, s. v. convivare.] BOOK II. Restitant, occursant, obstant, obstringillant, obagitant. [NONIUS, s. v. obstringillare.] BOOK III, SIVE SCIPIO. ( The poet sounds his own welcome.) Enni poeta salve qui mortalibus versus propinas flammeos medullitus. [NONIUS, s. v. propinare.] (The terror of Scipio's name.') Africa terribili tremit horrida terra tumultu. [Cic. De Orat. 3. 42.] (Voyage of Scipio to Africa, through calm seas [Livy 28. 17].) . . . mundus caeli vastus constitit silentio, et Neptunus saevus undis asperis pausam dedit ; Sol equis iter repressit lingulis volantibus, constitere amnes perennes, arbores vento vacant. [MACROB. Sat. 6. a. 26.] Q. ENNIUS. 65 (After the battle ofZama.) Testes sunt campi magni . . . lati campi, quos gerit Africa terra politos. [Cic. De Orat. 3. 42. 167 : NONIUS, s. v. politiones.] (Scipio's hiffh services to Rome.) Desine Koma tuos hostes horrere superbos : nam tibi munimenta mei peperere labores. [Cic. De Orat. 3. 42 ; De Fin. 2. 32.] (His contempt of the slanders brought against Mm.) Meum non est, ac si me canis memorderit. [AuL. GELL. 6. 9. i.] Nam. is non bene volt tibi, qui me falso criminat apud te. [NONIUS, s. v. criminat.] AMBBACIA. (Exploits of M. Fulvius Nobilior ; depression of Antiochus.} P6r gentes Asiae cluebat omnium miserrimus. [NONIUS, s. v. cluet.] (After the faking of Ambracia.~) . . . agros audaces populant servi domini dominorum. [NONIUS, s. v. populat.] EPICHARMUS. (Ennius dreams that the philosopher Epicharmus appears to him in the world of shades, and expounds his systtm of physics,) I. Nam videbar somniare me lecto esse mortuum. [Cic. Acad. Pr. 2. 16. 52.] P 66 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. II. Animus cernit, animus audit, reliqua caeca et siirda sunt. [TEBTULL. De An. 18.] III. agilis hie est de sole sumptus ignis isque totus mentis est. [VAREO, R. R. 5. 59.] IV. Istic est is lupiter quern dico, quern Graeci vocant aerem : qui ventus est et nubes, imber postea atque ex imbre frigus, tenuis post fit ae'r denuo, haece propter lupiter sunt ista, quae dico tibi, quando mortalis atque urbes beluasque omnes iuvant. (TAERO, R. R. 5. 65.] V. Sole Luna luce lucet alba leni lactea. [MARTIAN. CAP. p. 170.] HEDYPHAGETICA (after Archestratus). ( When the Punic Wars brought wealth and Greek civilisation to Some, gastronomy became a science, and plain old-fashioned dinners were despised?) Omnibus ut Clipeae praestat mustela marina, mures sunt Aeni super, ostrea plurima Abydi ; Mytilenaest pecten charadrusque apud Ambraciai 1. i. The passage is a free rendering from Archestratus, quoted by Athenaeus, Deipn. 3. 92 D. Toiis (Jivs Alvos x f ftefakovs, oarpeia 5' 'A/SvSos, Tois apierovs Ildptov, roiis 5t KTevas fj M.VTi\rivrj, 7r\fiffTovs 8' 'A.fj.fipa.Kia irape\tt This fragment suggests a lacuna in the Latin after Abydi. The mus is a sort of sea-crayfish. 1. 3. pecten = ' scallop ' ; charadrus ? ; dops or helops is, perhaps, the ' sturgeon.' Q. ENNIUS. 67 finis. Brundisio sargust, hunc, magnus erit si, sume tibi : apricluni scito prirnum esse Tarenti ; Surrenti fac emas elopem, glaucum prope Cumas. quid scarus? praeterii cerebrum lovis paene supremi. Nestoris ad patriam hie capitur niagnusque bonusque. [APUL. De Magia, 39.] EPIGRAMMATA. I. Nemo me lacrumis decoret nee funera fletu faxit. cur? volito vivus per ora virum. [Cic. Tusc. Disp. r. 15. 34.] II. Hie est ille situs cui nemo civis neque hostis quivit pro factis reddere opis pretium. [Cic. De Legg. 2. 22. 57.] III. A sole exoriente supra Maeotis paludes nemost qui factis aequiparare queat. si fas endo plagas caelestum ascendere cuiquamst, mi soli caeli maxima porta patet. [Cic. Tusc. Disp. 5. 17. 49.] F 2 M. PACUVIUS. TRAGOEDIAE. ANTIOPA. ANTIOPA, daughter of the Boeotian King Nycteus, being With child by Jupiter (I), is driven from her home by her father's threats (II). She finds refuge with Epopeus, King of Sicyon, who marries her. Nycteus on his death-bed commits the duty of punishing Antiopa to his brother Lycus, who slays Epopeus and carries Antiopa into captivity. On her way she bare two sons, whom she is forced to leave exposed on Mount Cithaeron. A herdsman finds them, and brings them up, giving them the names of Amphion and Zethus, the former devoting himself to music and philosophy, the latter to the rough life of herdsman and hunter (III). Antiopa, being cruelly treated in her captivity by Lycus' wife, Dirce, finds means of escape. She comes to the young men's homestead, and tells them the piteous story of her sufferings (IV, V, VI). Amphion is touched by the sight of her misery (VII, inc. fab. VI, Ribb,) ; but Zethus, thinking her to be a runaway slave, and hating all womankind (VIII, inc. fab. LIV, Ribb.), would not receive her. Meanwhile, a festival in honour of Bacchus is celebrated, and Dirce, accompanied by her train of Maenads with flying hair (IX) , comes to the place where Antiopa is seeking refuge. The young men bid them depart (X), but Dirce claims the surrender of her captive, and is about to slay her (XI, inc. fab. IV, Ribb.). But the herdsman having revealed to the brothers that Antiopa is their mother, she joyfully greets them, and they sat her free (XII). Dirce is then tied by her hair to a wild bull and dragged about till she is torn to pieces. Lycus would also have been slain, but Hermes saves his life and bids him hand over his kingdom to Amphion. M. PACUVWS. 69 The highly- wought description of Antiopa's sorrows is ridiculed by Persius (i. 77) : ' Sunt quos Pacuviusque et verrucosa moretur Antiopa aerumnis cor luctificabile fulta,' which last words may be actually borrowed from Pacuvius. A strong point of interest in the play is the contrast between the blunt, practical Zethus and the artistic, contemplative Amphion. This is alluded to in Horace (Ep. i. 18. 39 foil.), and is worked out elaborately in the Antiope of Euripides. Zethus is characteristic of the old Greek burgher, hating philosophy (XIII, inc. fab. II, Ribb.) ; Amphion is the Greek ' sophist.' We find him dealing with the necessity of change and alternation in nature (XIV), and propounding a perplexing riddle in involved language about his 'tortoise-lyre,' which Hermes gave him (XV). I. lovis ex Antiopa Nyctei nati [duo], [PROB. in Verg. Ed. 2. 25.] II. Minitabiliterque increpare dictis saevis fncipit. [Nonius, s. v. minitabiliter.] III. Tu cornifrontes pascere armentas soles. [SEKV. in Verg. Aen. 3. 540.] IV. illuvie corporis et coma prolixa impexa conglomerata atque horrida. [ScnoL. ad Pers. i. 77.] V. . . . perdita inluvie atque insomnia. [CHAKIS. i. 78 P, insomnia, sing.] VI. Frendere noctes misera quas perpessa sum. [NONIUS, s. v. frendere = gemere.] VII. Miseret me, lacrimis Ifngua debiliter stupet. [NONIUS, s. v. debiliter.] 70 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. VIII. Haud facile femina lina invenietur bona. [NONIUS, s. v. facul (?}.] IX. eervicum fiords dispendite crines. [SERV. in Verg. Aen. 12. 605, floro3 = flavos.] X. Nonne hmc vos propere a stabulis amolimini? [Nomus, s. v. amolimini = recedite.] XI. Agite, ite, evolvite, rapite, coma tractate per aspera saxa et humum, scindite vestem ocius. [MAK. VICTORIN. p. 2522 P.] XII. Salvete gemini, mea propages sanguinis ! [NONIUS, s. v. propages.] XIII. Odi ego homines ignava opera et phi'losopha sententia. [AuL. GELL. 13. 8.] XIV. Sol si perpetuo siet, flammeo vapore torrens terrae fetum exiisserit : nocti ni interveniat, fructus per pruinam obriguerint. [VARRO, L. L. 6. 6. M.] XV. AMPHIO. Quadrupes tardigrada agrestis humilis aspera, brevi capite, cervice anguina, aspectu truci, M. PACUVIUS. 71 eviscerata 1 inanima cum animali sono. ASTICI. Ita saeptuosa dictione abs te datur, quod coniectura sapiens aegre contuit : non intellegimus, nisi si aperte di'xeris. AMPHIO. Testudo. [Crc. De Div. 2. 64.] ABMORUM IUDICIUM. THE play opens with the funeral games at the pyre of Achilles, and the announcement by Agamemnon that the Arms of Achilles will be the prize for the best warrior (I, II). The competition is open to all who desire to contend (III) ; but Ajax, who considers his own claims to be paramount, protests against this method of decision (IV), and refuses to be pitted against Ulysses [cp. Ov. Metam. 13. 5 foil, and 16 foil.]. He takes his stand on his signal services to the Greek army (V) ; contemptuously comparing the record of Ulysses with his own (VI). Agamemnon refers the dif- ficulty to Nestor (VII) ; who advises that the question be committed to the Trojan prisoners, who are bound by an oath to confess which of the heroes had inflicted most suffering on the Trojans (VIII). Agamemnon accepts his counsel (IX). In X and XI we find an allusion to the greatness of Ajax before the evil spirit came upon him : but Ulysses sneers at the misplaced wrath of the un- happy man, which is directed against his innocent rival, rather than against the Trojan prisoners who gave the decision. To the monologue of Ajax before his suicide may be referred that bitter complaint of the ingratitude of the Atridae (XII), which was in later times chanted at the funeral games after the assas- sination of Caesar, ' ad miserationem et invidiam caedis eius ' (SUET. lid. 84). I. . . . seque ad ludos iam inde abhinc exerceant. [CHAHIS. 2. p. 175 P.] 1 eriscerata. So Hermes, in the process of making a tortoise into a lyre, aluv" etr6priatv optaKyoio ^tAd/j^y, so as to leave only the shell. Hymn. Merc. 43. 72 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. II. Qui viget vescatur armis ut percipiat praemium. [NONIUS, s. v. vesci = uti.] III. . . . qui sese adfines esse ad causandum volunt, de virtu te is ego cernundi do potestatem omnibus. [NONIUS, s. v. causari = causam dicere : cernere = dimicare. ] IV. An quis est qui te esse dignum quicum certetiir putet ? [NONIUS, certetur pro certet.] V. ... si non est ingratum reapse quod fecf bene. [FESTUS, reapse = re ipsa.] VI. tuque te desidere [in lecto residem], nos hie esse [mfseriis maluisti.] S, reses = ignavus.] VII. . . . die quid faciam : quod me moneris, effectiim dabo. [NONIUS, s. r. moneris = monueris.] VIII. Proloqui non paenitebunt liberi ingrato ex loco. [NONIUS, s. r. paenitebunt.] IX. . . . et aequum et rectum est quod tu postulas : iurati cernant. [NoNrus, s. v. cernere = iudicare.] M. PACUVIUS. 73 X. Ciim recorder eius ferocem et torvam confidential!! . . . feroci ingenio, torvus, praegrandi gradu . . . [FESTUS, s. v. torvitas. NONIUS, s. v. confidentia.] XI. Nam canis, quando est percussa lapide, non tam ilium adpetit, qui sed icit, quam ilium eumpse lapidem, qui ipsa icta 6st, petit. [NONIUS, s. 17. icit.] XII. . . . men servasse, ut essent qui me perderent ! [StJET. lul. 84.] CHBYSES. IN this play the story of Iphigenia in Tauris is produced in a novel form. Orestes, Pylades, and Iphigenia, who had carried off the image of Diana from her temple, encounter a storm on their voyage ; and when the calm weather returns (I), they land on a promontory of the island Sminthe (II), and survey the spot (III). To this moment we may refer the reflections introduced on the instability of Fortune (IV [inc. fab. XIV Ribb.]). Here they find the younger Chryses, son of the unfortunate Chryseis of the Iliad, serving as priest of Apollo. Thoas pursues the fugitives (V [inc. fab. LXXIII, Ribb.]), who, on being discovered, implore the pro- tection of Chryses and the inhabitants of the isle (VI) ; and Orestes reveals to the citizens the terrible deed of bloodguiltiness to which he has been driven by the importunities of his country- men, and the command of the gods (VII). But Thoas calls on the priest to exact expiation for the theft of the sacred image ; yet only the actual perpetrator of the sacrilege is to be put to death, that is to say, Orestes. But which is Orestes? and which is Pylades ? Each of the friends generously claims the name (VIII [inc. fab. XIII Ribb.]), and when Thoas is baffled, they urge him to put them both to death. However, Thoas thinks he has found 74 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. the real culprit, and congratulates himself on the discovery (IX). When Chryses finds that Orestes and Iphigenia are the children of Agamemnon, all the bitter memories of the past come back upon him, and a deep desire for revenge (X). Orestes' fate seems sealed, and Thoas contemptuously laughs at the prayer of his captives CXI). At this moment of danger, Chryseis intervenes, reveals to her son the secret of his birth, and turns away his wrath (XII). Chryses is her son, not by Apollo but by Agamemnon, and so Orestes is his brother. The priest at once espouses the cause of the fugitives, and delivers them from the hands of Thoas, who falls in the fray. Two famous passages (XIII, XIV), conceived in the spirit of the Anaxagorean philosophy, have been generally referred to this play, though it is difficult to harmonise them with the general plot. If they are put into the mouth of Chryses, the sentiments seem inconsistent with the position of a priest of the gods. Al- though the references in Cicero and Nonius seem to be to the ' Chryses,' the striking similarity between these passages and a fragment (836) from the ' Chrysippos ' of Euripides suggests that the word ' Chryses ' is given in error for ' Chrysippos ' ; and indeed the variants in the MSS. of Cicero point in the same direction. I. interea loci fliicti flacciscunt, silescunt venti, mollitur mare. [NONIUS, s. v. flucti.] II. Idae promunturium quoius lingua in altum proicit. [AUL. GrELL. 4. 17.] III. incipio saxum temptans scandere vorticem, summusque in omnes paries prospectum aiicupo. [NONIUS, s. v. aucupo.] IV. Fortunam insanam esse et caecam et brutam perhibent phflosophi, M. PACUVIUS. 75 saxoque instare in globose praedicant voliibilei. [quia quo id saxum impulerit fors, eo cadere Fortunam autumant,] insanam autem esse afunt quia atrox incerta instabilis- que sit : caecam, ob earn rem esse iterant quia nil eernat quo sese adplicet : briitam, quia dignum atque indignum nequeat internos- cere. sunt autem alii philosophi, qui contra Fortunam negant esse ullam, sed temeritate res regi oninis aiitumant. id magis veri simile esse usus reapse experiundo edocet : velut Orestes modo fuit rex, factust mendicus modo [naiifragio : nempe ergo id fluctu, haud forte fortuna optigit]. [RHET. Ad Herenn. 2. 23. 36.] V. Tela, famuli, tela propere [ferte] ! sequitur me Toas. [CENSORIN. frag. c. 14, p. 95.] VI. adiutamini et defendite ! [NONIUS, s. v. adiutamini. j VII. Gives, antiqui amici maiorum meum, consilium socii, augiirium atque extum interpretes, postquam prodigiiun horriferum, portentiim pavor . . . [Cic. Orat. 46. 155.] VIII. P. Ego sum Orestes. 0. immo enim vero ego sum, inquam, Orestes. 76 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. UTEKQUE. . . ambo ergo igitur si'mul una enicarier comprecamur. [Cic. De Fin. 5. 22 ; De Amic. 7. 24.] IX. Inveni, opino, Orestes uter esset tamen. [NONIUS, s. v. opino.] X. Sed cesso inimicitiam integrare? [NONIUS, s. v, integrare,] XI. pro merenda gratia simul cum videam Graios nil mediocriter redamptruare opibiisque summis persequi . . . [FESTUS, NONIUS, s. v. redan truare.] XII. Di monerint meliora atque amentiam averruncassint tuam ! [NONIUS, s. v. monerint. VAKRO, L. L. 7. 102 M.] XIII. . . . nam isti qui linguam avium intellegunt plusque ex alieno iecore sapiunt quam ex suo, magis audiendum quam auscultandum censeo. [Cic. De Div. i. 57. NONIUS, s. r. auscultare est obsequi.] XIV. Hoc vide circum supraque quod complexu continet terram. s<3lisque exortu capessit candorem, occasu nigret, id quod nostri caelum memorant Grai perhibent aethera : M. PACUVIUS. 77 quidquid est hoc, omnia animat format alit auget creat sepelit recipitque in sese omnia, omniumque idem est pater, indidemque eadem aeque oriuntur de integro atque eodem occidunt. mater est terra : ea parit corpus, animam aether adiugat. l [VAKBO, L. L. 5. 17 M. NONIUS, s. v. adiugare.] DULORESTES. ORESTES appears on the stage disguised as a slave (SovAoy), driving his flock from Delphi to Mycenae (I). At the palace a marriage is about to be celebrated (II, III) ; for the unnatural Clytemnestra has determined to give her daughter Electra to Oeax, one of the sons of Nauplius (IV), who drew the Greek fleet to its destruction on the Euboean coast by false fire-signals (V). Such an alliance with the avowed enemies of her country would prevent the daughter of Agamemnon from succeeding in any scheme of vengeance ! Aegisthus, the swaggering tyrant (VI), tries by threats to force her into compliance (VII) ; but, revolting from the shame which would attend such a union (VIII), she defies her mother's authority. She is strengthened in her resolve by a conviction that 1 Cp. EUR. Ckrysipp. fr. 836 : Feud pefiafT) Kal Atoy AlOrjp, 6 ptv dv&puircw Kal Oeuiv yff(Tv\d rt QrjpSjv oOtV OVK dSlKOJS priTrjp irdfTcav vtvofuarat. Xo>/>f 5" tiirifftu TcL fjitv tie 70/05 [NONIUS, s. v. extollere = differre.] V. ... is demum infortunatust homo, pauper qui educit in egestatem liberos : cui fortuna et res nuda est, continuo patet. nam opulento famam facile occultat factio. [AuL. GELL. Z. c.] VI. Edepol, senectus, si nil quicquam aliud viti adportes tecum, cum advenis, unum id sat est, quod diu vivendo miilta quae non volt videt. [Cic. Cat. Mai. 8. 25.] VII. Potire quod dant, quando optata non danunt. [Nonius, s.v. danunt = dant.] VIII. Vivas ut possis, quando nee quis lit velis, [DoNAT. in Ter. Andr. 4. 5. 10.] CAECILIUS STATIUS. 97 IX. ' Soletne mulier decimo mense parere ? ' ' pol nono quoque, etiam septimo atque octavo.' [AuL. GELL. 3. 16.] X. Pudebat credo commemoramentum stupri. [NONIUS, s. v. commemoramntum.] XI. Properatim in tenebris istuc confectum est opus. [Nomus, s. v. properatim.] XII. ' Liberne es ? ' ' non sum, verum inibi est . . . [NONIUS, s. v. inibi = mox.] The comments made by Gellius (2. 23) are as follows : ' Caecili Plocium legebamus ; Aaudquaquam mihi et qui aderant displicebat. Libitumst Menandri quoque Plocium legere, a quo istam comoediam verterat. Sed enim postquam in mnnus Menander venit, a principio statim, di boni, quantum stupere atque frigere quantumque mulare a Menandro visus est! Diomedis hercle arma et Glauci non dispari magis pretio existimata sunt. Accesserat dehinc lectio ad earn locum in quo maritus senex super uxore divite atque deformi querebatur, quod ancillam suam, non inscito puellam ministerio et facie haut inliberali, coactus erat venundare, suspectam uxori quasi pelicem* Nihil dicam ego quantum differat : versus utrimque eximi iufsi et alii* ad iudicium faciundum exponi. Menander sic : fir' a/upoTtpa vvv ff 'iriie\ripos f) KO.\T) [it\\ti KaOtvSrjaeiv. Kardpyaffran /it-yo /CoJ Vpl(36T)TOV fpfOV (K TTJS OIKU1S (ffia\t r^v \virovaav ffv /3ovATO, tv' diroft\tiTcuai iravrts tis rti Kpw(3v\T)s rrp6ffanrov, $ T' (vyvemaTos ova , ical rty 6if/iv H 98 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. ovos fv md-fjKois tffrl 5?) ro \eyofj.tvov. rovro S criojirav Pov\ofJ.ai rrjv VVKTO. rijv \af3ecv t/J.' eKKai8(KO.Ta.\avTOV, & Oeol, yvvatov ovffav irfixfcas' fir' tcrrl T<$ (ppvay/M mas viroffrarov ; fia TOV Ala rov 'O\vfj.mov Kal rty 'A.6rjvav, ouSo^cDs, TraiStffKapiov OepairtvTiKov 5e Kal \6yov raxiov. [Then follows the quotation from Caecilius (I) ' is demum miser . . . misere ' : after which Gellius proceeds] ' Praeter venustatem autem rerum atque verborum, in duobus libris nequaquam parem, in hoc eqnidem soleo animum attendere, quod quae Menander praeclare el apposite etfacete scripsit, ea Caecilius ne qua potuit quidem conatus est enarrare, sed quasi minime probanda praetermisit et alia nescio quae inimica inculcavit ; et ilhtd Menandri de vita hominum media sump- turn, simplex et verum e.t delectabile, nescio quo pacto omisit. Idem enim ille maritus senex cum altero sene vicino colloquens et locupletis superbiam deprecans haec ait, f\ca 5' tmic\T)pov Aafitav' OVK ftprjita ffoi rovr' ; efr" ap ov^i ; Kvplav TTJS oln'ias Kal TUIV aypwv KOI rSiv irarfxacav dvTiKpvs exofJtfv, "Airo\\ov, us x 11 ^* airaffi 8" apya\ia 'arif, OVK fftol vicu, TroAii ftd\\ov Ovyarpi. irpaj/j.' apa.xov \tyeis. Caecilius vero hoc in loco ridiculus magis quam personae isti quam tractabat aptus atque convenient videri maluit. Sic enim haec corrupit ' . [Then follows frag. II ' Sed tua morosane . . . potaveris '] ' Quid de illo quoque loco in utraque comoedia posito existimari debeat mani- festum est, cuius loci haec ferme sententia : filia hominis pauperis in pervigilio vitiata est. Ea res clam patrem fuit, et habebatur pro virgine. Ex eo vitio gravida mensibus exactis parturit. Servus bonae frugi cum pro foribus domus staret et propinquare partum erilijlliae atque omnino vitium esse oblatum iynoraret, gemitum et ploratum aud.it puellae in puerperio enitentis : timet, irascitur, suspicatur, mlseretur, dolet. Hi omnes motus eius affectionisque animi in Graeca quidem comoedia inirabiliter acres et illustres, apud Caecilium autem pigra istaec omnia et a rerum dignitate atque gratia vacua sunt. Post CAECILIUS STATIUS. 99 nbi idem servus percontando quod acciderat repperit, has aput Menan- drum versus facit : oans v itfi>T]s Kal iraifioirotfiO'. ws d\6yiffros lor" dvrip. 8s /7T /J.TIT' av drvxfjffas fis rcL /eoivd rov fiiov iiranv 5' dyaOiav ov Svvdfitvos. vit^p yap (v&s dA/ycDv, airavras vovOtrui. Ad horum autem sinceritatem veritatemque verborum an adspiraverit Caecilius consideremus. Versus sunt hi Caecili, trunca quaedam es Menandro dicentis et consarcientis verba tragici tumoris : [Then follows frag. V. is demum . . . factio.] Itaqtie, ut supra dixi, cum ~ha.ec Caecili seorsum lego neutiquam videntur ingrata ignavaque, cum autem Graeca comparo et contendo, non puto Caetilium sequi debuisse quod assequi nequiret. SYNEPHEBI. IN place of the ordinary lover, complaining of the severity or stinginess of his father, we have, as an amusing surprise, a young man sorely vexed at the embarrassing indulgence and generosity of his parent, and envying the lot of those happy sons who can enjoy to the full the delight of over-reaching a father's niggardli- ness (I). His comrade has an equally strange story to tell, for he announces as a prodigy demanding instant expiation, the discovery of a courtesan who refused to take money from her lover (II). Another touch of unselfishness is given in Frag. III. I. In amore suave est siimmo summaque inopia parentem habere avarurn inlepidum, in llberos difficilem, qui te nee amet nee studeat tui. aut tu ilium furto fallas aut per litteras avertas aliquod nomen aut per servolum H 2 100 FRAGMENT A SELECT A. percutias pavidum, postremo a parco patre quod sumas quanto dissipes libentius ! Quern neque quo pacto fallam nee quid inde auferam nee quern doluni ad eum aut machinam commoliar scio qiiicquani : ita omnis meos dolos fallacias praestigias praestrfnxit commoditas patris. [Cic. De Nat. Deor. 3. 29.] II. Pro deum, populariuni omnium, omnium adulescentium clamo, postulo, obsecro, oro, ploro, atque imploro fidem ! ... in civitate fiunt facinora capitalia ; nam ab amico amante argentum accipere meretrix noenu volt. [Cic. De Nat. Deor. i. 6.] III. Sen't arbores quae alteri saeclo prosint. [Cic. Cat. Mai. 7. 24.] EX INCERTIS FABULIS. I. ' Trust me not at all, or all in all.' Si confidentiam adhibes, confide omnia. [IsiDOB. Grig. 10. 40. s. v. confidens.] II. ' Love is stitt the Lord of all.' deum qui non summum putet, aut stultum aut rerum esse inperitum existumem : CAECILIUS STATIUS. 101 cui in manu sit, qu6m esse dementem velit, quern sapere, quern sanari, quern in morbum inici, quern contra amari, quern expeti, quern arcessier. [Cic. Tusc. Disp. 4. 32.] III. ' The path of duty was the way to glory,' Homo homini deus est sf suum officium sciat. [SYMMACHTJS, Ep. 9. 114.] IV. Wisdom under a ragged coat. Saepe est etiam sub palliolo sordido sapiSntia, [Cic. Tusc. Disp. 3. 23.] AQUILIUS. BOEOTIA. (AULUS GELLIUS (3. 3. 4) informs us that Varro assigned the ' Boeotia ' to Plautus, basing his judgment on the passage here quoted as unmistakably in the Plautine style. But the allusion to the introduction of sun-dials (Pliny, N. H. 7. 60) seems to make the date between B.C. 174 and 154. The parasite found his own belly the best time-keeper !) Ut ilium di perdant primus qui horas repperit, quique adeo primus statuit hie solarium : qui mihi comminuit misero articulatim diem. Nam umim me puero venter erat solarium multo omnium istorum optimum et verissimum : ubi is non monebat esse, nisi cum nil erat? nunc etiam cum est, non estur, nisi soli lubet. itaque adeo iam oppletum oppidumst solariis, maior pars populi ut aridi reptent fame. [AuL. GELL. I. c.] LICINIUS IMBREX. NEAERA. (THE identity in meaning of Imbrex and Tegula suggests that the author of the ' Neaera ' is the P. Licinius Tegula, the writer of a sacred hymn ordered by the decemvirs, B. c. 200, to be sung in the streets of Rome by a chorus of nine maidens, so as to expiate certain prodigies [Livy 31. 12]. The fragment quoted of the ' Neaera ' is the complaint of some dashing officer that his wife is not sufficiently distinguished by her name Neaera, which he pro- poses should be altered to Neriene, or Nerio, the spouse of the War-god.) Nolo ego Neaeram te vocent, sed Nerienem, cum quidem Mavorti es in conubium data. [AuL. GELL. 13. 23.] TITINIUS. TOGATAK BABBATUS. THIS title is said to have been a colloquial name for a sort of dumpy bucket ; but the fragments throw no light on the title. An embroiderer [Phrygio] has done well for himself, and is leaving his employers (I). A cowardly bully is introduced, who runs up to his foe like a skirmisher (veles'), and then runs back (II). A joke is made upon the mincing pronunciation of young men of fashion, who are not strong enough to say the simplest word in full. ' Edepol,' ' medius fidius,' or even ' medi,' entail too much exertion. ' Edi ' is the utmost they can do. . . frygio fui primo beneque id opus scivi ; reliqui acus aciasque ero atque erae nostrae . . . [NONIUS, s. v. frygio.] II. ita spurcus animatur ira in proelium : veles eques recipit se neque ferit quemquam hostem. [NONIUS, s. r. veles.] TITINIUS. 105 III. id necessest? Edi! [CHARIS. 2. p. 178 P.] FULLONIA. FULLONIA : sc. fabula, i. e. ' The play about the Fullers ' ; a set of men whose occupation afforded endless amusement to the Latin comic poets. Here the merriment seems to turn partly on the quarrelling between the Fullers and the Weaving-women, and partly on the bickering between a husband and wife. Probably a Fuller had married a Weaver with a bit of money of her own, and she chafes at his extravagance (I). Her husband taunts her with the days of his courtship, and the change since then (II) ; to which she retorts with much self-satisfaction (III). Then there is quarrelling between the employer and his workmen (IV) ; and between the Fullers, ' who never get a holiday ' (V), and the lazy women ' who take ten years over one gown ' (VI). But the Weavers think themselves indispensable (VII), and laugh at the Fullers for their amphibious life (VIII). But both sides agree in despising the work of the delving rustic (IX). I. Ego me mandatam me6 viro male arbitror, qui rem disperdit et meam dotem comest. [NONIUS, s. v. comest = comedit.] II. videram ego te virginem formosam, forma ferocem, mihi esse sponso tud superbam. [NONIUS, s. v. ferox.] III. Aspecta formam atque 6s contemplate meum. [NONIUS, s. v. contempla.] io6 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. IV. Da pensam lanam, qui non reddit temper! putatam recte, facito ut multetiir malo. [NONIUS, s. v. putare.] V. Nee noctu nee diu licet fullonibus quiescant. [NONIUS, s. v. diu =- die.] VI. quae intra decem annos nequisti togulam unam detexere. [NONIUS, s. T. toga.] VII. Ni nos texamus, nil siet, fullones, vobis quaesti. [NONIUS, s. v. quaesti.] VIII. Terra istaec est, non aqua, ubi tu solitu's argutarier pedibus, cretam diim compescis, vestimenta qui laves. [NONIUS, s. v. argutari = subsilire.] IX. Homo formicae pol per simil est riisticus. [NONIUS, s v. simile (?).] SETINA. 'THE lady of Setia' a dull, secluded town overlooking the Pomp- tine Marshes. The good citizen, who does not like this swamp, would gladly have the water led from the Tiber to his town (I). It may be the same provincial wit who sees how far a little wisdom goes (II). But he is so cautious that he is afraid to marry (III) ; and his friend Caeso has to try and raise his pluck (IV). The young lady is so grand ! (V) and such a paragon of perfection, that, in praising her, one must add ' without offence ! ' to avert the ' fascinatio' which waits on boasting (VI). For frag. VII see sup. Barbatus III. TITINWS. 107 I. Vidistin Tiberini ? Vidi : qui illam derivet, beaverit agnim Setinum. [SERV. in Verg, Aen. n. 457.] II. Sapientia gubernator naveni torquet, haut valentia ; cocus magnum ahenum, quando fervit, paula confutat trua. [NONIUS, s. v. trua, &c.] III. Ipsus quidem hercle ducere earn sane nevult. [NONIUS, s. i: nevult.] IV. Accede ad sponsam audacter, virgo milla est tails Setiae. [NONIUS, s. v. tale (?).] V. sed iam metuo hercle, Caeso, ne nimis stulte fecerim. qui ex tanta factione atque opibus puellam sum ausus adgredi. [NONIUS, s. v. factio = nobilitas.] VI. Paula mea, amabo, pol tuam ad laudem addito ' praefiscini.' [CHAHIS. 2. p. 189 P.] VII. An quia ' pol edepol ' fabulare, ' edi ' ' medi ' meministi '? [CHARIS. 2. p. 178 P.J SEXTUS TURPILIUS. PALLIATAE. EPICLEROS. THE Epicleros (Heiress) of Menander opened with a monologue. Turpilius has changed this to a dialogue between the slave Ste- phanio, and his uneasy young master, who rouses him from his bed to roam about with him at night (I). Stephanio protests against this caprice (II). The young man is pressed by his parents to marry the heiress : they assure him she is the best of wives for him (III) ; and the father hopes that their advice will not make a breach between them and their son (IV). It is difficult to fit in the remaining fragments. Perhaps the young man, wishing to wash his hands of the affair, appeals to the ' cognatus,' who by rights ought to many the orphan heiress himself (V). The man is touched by the youth's sorrow (VI), and he acknowledges that the father's importunity has made his son ' rich in excuses ' (VII). Finally, the relative seems to accept his duty (VIII), and the young man is relieved. I. ST. Quaeso edepol quo ante liicem te subito rapis, Ere, cum uno puero ? PH. Nequeo esse intus, Stephanio, ST. Quid ita ? PH. ut solent, me curae somno segregant forasque noctis excitant silentio. [PBISCIAN, De Metris Com. p. 1326 P.] SEXTUS TURPILIUS. 109 II. Currendum sic est, sic datur, nimium ubi sopori servias potiiis quam domino. [PRISCIAN, 1. C.] III. Cum legere te optimum esset atque aequissimum qua cum aetas degenda et vivendum esset tibi. [NONIUS, s. v. legere.] IV. . . . sperabam consilia nostra dividiae tibi, cum aetas accesset, non fore. [NONIUS, s. v. dividia.] V. Ni Callifonis mine te iniseret liberum. [NONIUS, s. v. liberum, gen. plur.~] VI. Sed nequeo ferre hunc diiitius sic lamentari et conqueri, nee esse suae parum obsequellae . . . [NONIUS, s. v. obsequela.] VII. Te quidem omnium pater iam copem causarum facit. [NONIUS, s. v. copem = copiosum.] VIII. Sed volo ut familia nostra officia fungatur sua. [NONIUS, s. v. fungi cum occwa.] LEUCADIA. ' THE Lady of Leucas ' is a parody on the story of Sappho. The Phaon of the play is a hideous Lesbian boatman, who once ferried no FRAGMENTA SELECT A, over the water Venus, disguised as an old woman, so evidently poor that Phaon excused her the fare. In recompense, she made him, in spite of his ugliness, the idol of all the women. One of the Lesbian damsels is so smitten that she turns from her old lover, arid gives all her heart to Phaon. Her lover is amazed at her choice and at Phaon's grand airs (I-IV). He attempts his former familiarities ; but the girl repulses him (V), and makes desperate love to Phaon (VI), confessing her jealousy of some other woman (VII). Phaon being obdurate, the girl wanders to the desolate cliff (VIII), and, calling the gods and the winds to her aid, takes the Lovers' Leap (IX). Phaon orders out a boat (X), and the poor girl is rescued, very wet and cold (XI) But the charm is broken. Dorcium is reconciled to her old lover (XII), and holiday clothes are donned for the marriage (XIII). I. Quern olim oderat, sectatur ultro et detinet : ille insolens autem lit fastidit carnifex ! [Nonius, s. v. insolens.] II. Viden tu Frygis incessum ? quam est confi'dens ! di istunc perduint. [NONIUS, s. v. confidentia.] III. . . . viden ut fastidit mei? [NONIUS, 496. 1 8, genii, pro accus.] IV. Ei peril ! viden ut osculatur cariem ? num hilum ilia haec pudet? [NONIUS, s. v. caries.] V. ... ' ne me attigas, atque aufer manum ! ' ' Heia, quern ferocula est ! ' S EXT US TURPILIUS. Ill VI. Intercapedine interficior, desiderio differor : tu es mihi cupiditas, suavitudo et mei animi expectatio. [NONIUS, s. v. suavitudo.] VII. Verita sum, ne amoris causa cum ilia limassi's caput. [NONIUS, s. v. limare = coniungere.] VIII. me miseram terrent omnia, maris scopuli, sonitus, solitudo, sanctitudo Apollinis. [NONIUS, s. v. sanctitudo.] IX. Te, Apollo sancte, fer opem, teque, omnipotens Nep- tune, invoco vosque adeo venti ! . . . nam quid ego te appellem, Venus ? [Cic. Twsc. Disp. 4. 34.] X. hortari coepi nostros ilico ut celerent lembum. [NONIUS, s. v. lembus.] XI. 6 utinam nunc apud ignem aliquem magnum adsidam ! [NONIUS, s. v. apud = iuxta.] XII. Ante facta ignosco : mitte tristitatem, Dorcium. [NONIUS, s. . tristitas.] XIII. Etiam amplius illam apparare condecet, quando quidem voti condemnata est . . . [NONIUS, s. v. damnare (voti).] L. ACCIUS. TRAGOEDIAE. ANDROMEDA. THE first fragment (I) of the Andromeda suggests that the sea- monster, to whom the princess was to be surrendered, came up from the depths month after month to devour his prey (I). Perhaps the Prologue introduced Cepheus or Cassiopea lamenting over the terrible floods and snow-storms which the angry Neptune had sent upon the land (II). The wrath of the gods can only be appeased by the sacrifice of Andromeda to the monster ; and already Perseus has promised to be her champion (III) ; but he is baffled by the hopelessness of the task and ashamed at his own weakness (IV). Andromeda is chained in a narrow, circumscribed spot [templum], heaped up with dead men's bones (V), as she herself describes it '^VI, VII). When Cepheus promises the hand of Andromeda to her rescuer, Perseus assures him this gracious act will not be wasted (VIII). By-and-by, Cepheus repents his promise (IX, ex inc. inc. fab. CHI. Ribb. ) : he professes that he cannot bear to part with the darling of his old age (X) . But Perseus will not give up his love ; and if her father seeks to part them, he may as well slay them both (XI). I. Qua Luna circles annuo in cursu institit. [NONIUS, s. v. oirculus. ] L. ACCIUS. 113 II. Cum ninxerit caelestium molem mihL [PRISCIAN, 10. p. 882 P. ningua] III. Nisi quid tua facultas nobis tulat opem, peream ! [MACROB, De Diff. Gr. et Lat. verbi.] IV. Nec quei te adiutem invenio : hortari piget, non pro- desse id pudet. [NONIUS, s. v. piget, pudet.] V. Immane te habet templum obvallatum ossibus. [NONIUS, s. v. immane.] VI. Misera obvalla saxo sento, paedore alguque et fame. [NONIUS, s. f. algu = algore.] VII. Qui neque terraest datus, nee cineris causa unquam evasit vapos. [NoNius, s. c. vapor et vapos.] VIII. Quod beneficium haut sterili in segete, r6x, te obsesse intelleges. [NoNius, s. r. seges = terra.] IX. Meministin te spondere inilii gnatam tuam? [VARKO, L. L. 6. 72.] X. Alui educavi : id facite gratum ut sit seni. [NONIUS, s. v. alere et educare.] I 114 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. XL Nosque lit sevorsum divides leto offeres. [NoNius, s. v. divides = separates.] ARMORUM IUDICIUM. IN this drama Accius omits the motive which Pacuvius intro- duces from the Cyclics : that the decision is referred to the Trojan captives. But in their main outlines the two plays are similar. Though the heroes are eager, one and all, to succeed to the in- heritance of the Arms of Achilles (I), Ajax will not take part in .the tournament, nor be pitted against Ulysses (II, III). The de- cision is to turn, he says, on the ruling (dictio^, which had been laid down by Thetis (or, perhaps, by Calchas), that the Arms may be given only to a man like Achilles. And Ajax puts his claim on two grounds : i, relationship for Ajax and Achilles had both the same grandsire ; and, 2, his own deeds of valour (IV, ex inc. inc. fab. XXX Ribb.). He recounts the feigned madness of Ulysses at the beginning of the war ; the consequences of which were averted only by the sagacity of Palamedes (V, ex inc. inc. fab. XXXI Ribb.). Ironically, he pretends to credit Ulysses with his own great achieve- ments (VI, ex inc. inc. fab. XXXII Ribb.). After his fit of frenzy has passed, Ajax thinks with grief of the sorrow which will fall upon Telamon (VII) : he demands a sight of Eurysaces, whom Tecmessa had removed, with a caution which was at least excusable (VIII) ; and he questions his wife as to all that took place during his fit of madness ; though she can scarcely dare to answer freely (IX). Then comes the famous prayer of Ajax for his son (X, Soph. Aj. 550). The Chorus is in great anxiety about the fate of the mighty champion of Greece (XI), whose loss of Minerva's friendship is deplored (XII). The play ends with the reconciliation between Teucer and the Atridae, by the intervention of Ulysses (XIII). ' Let all old feuds be buried in a general amnesty ! ' (XIV). I. Sed ita Achilli armis inclutis vesci studet ut cuncta opima levia iam prae illfs putet. [NONIUS, s. v. vesci.] L. ACCIUS. 115 II. . . . quid est ciir componere aiisis mihi te aut me tibi V [NONIUS, s. v. componere.] III. . . . nam tropaeum ferre me a forti viro pulchrum est : si autem vincar, vinci a tali nullum mi est probrum. [MACROB. Sat. 6. i. 56.] IV. Aperte fatur dictio, si intellegas ; tali dari arma, qualis qui gessit fuit, iubet, potiri si studeamus Pergamum. quern ego me profiteor esse, mest aequiim frui fraternis armis mihique adiudicarier, vel quod propinquus, vel quod virtuti aemulus. [RHET. Ad Herenn. 2. 26. ] V. Cuius ipse princeps iiiris iurandi fuit, quod omnes scitis, solus neglexit fidem : furere adsimulare, ne coiret, institit. quod ni Palamedi perspicax prudentia istius perspexit malitiosam audaciam, fide sacratae ius perpetuo falleret. [Cic. De Off. 3. 26.] VI. Vidi te, Ulixes, saxo sternentem Hectora, vidi tegentem clipeo classem Doricam : ego tune pudendam trepidus hortabar fugam. [CHARIS. 4. p. 252 P.] VII. Maior erit luctus, cum me damnatum audiet. [NONIUS, s.v. damnare.] I 2 li6 FRAGMENTA SELECT A, VIII. Ubi cura est, ibi anxitudo acerbast, ibi cunctatio, consiliorum erratic et fortiinaest. [NONIUS, s. v. anxitudo. ] IX. Hem, vereor plus quam fas est captivam hiscere. [NONIUS, s. v. hiscere = loqui. ] X. Virtiiti sis par, dispar fortunis patris. [MACROB. Sat. 6. i. 58.] XI. In quo salutis spes supremas sibi habet summa exerciti. [NONIUS, s. v, exerciti.] XII. Nam non facile sine deum opera humana propria sunt bona. [NONIUS, s. v. proprium = perpetuum.] XIII. Cur vetera tarn ex alto appetissis discidia, Agamemno? [NONIUS, s. v. altum=vetus.] XIV. noxitudo . . . oblitteretur Pelopidarum, ac per nos sanctescat genus. [NONIUS, s. v. noxitudo.] ATBEUS. IT is probable that the prologue to this play recounted the vic- tory of Pelops over Oenomaus, the marriage of Hippodamia, and the birth of Atreus (I). Atreus, who is the true type of a despot (II), is bitterly incensed at the return of his brother Thyestes L. ACCIUS. 117 from exile, uninvited. Some signal punishment he must devise (III) for the man who had seduced his wife Aerope (IV, V), and had stolen the Golden Lamb, on which depended the prosperity of the kingdom (VI). Perhaps Atreus welcomed his brother with a suspicious cordiality, which would account for the warning against treachery, which Thyestes conveys to his sons who had accom- panied him (VII, VIII). Thyestes is bidden, as a special honour, to a royal banquet at which no other guest might be present (IX). Some eye-witness describes the preparation of the horrid meal (X) by the hands of the inhuman Atreus, whose crime had thrown all his brother's misdeeds in the shade (XI). The Sun turns back his car, and the thunder rolls angrily, and terrifies the Chorus of Mycenean citizens (XII). After the meal, Thyestes enquires of his sons' welfare ; and, when Atreus shows him their hands and feet, he prays that he may be allowed to bury them. 'The sons are entombed in the sire ' is the awful enigma that is hurled at him by Atreus (XIII). The unhappy father denounces his brother's broken faith, which Atreus denies he ever plighted (XIV) ; and aghast at the horrors in which he had taken an unconscious part (XV), Thyestes feels that all his hopes of advancement are ruined, and it only remains to him to hide himself in exile (XVI). I. Simul et Pisaea praemia arrepta a socru possedit sue. , 6. p. 698 P. socrus mane."] II. oderint dum metuant. [SENECA, De Ira i. so. 4 ; Cic. De Off. i. 28.] III. Iterum Thyestes Atreum adtrectatum advenit, iterum iam adgreditur me et quietum exsiiscitat : major mihi moles, malus miscendumst malum, qui illius acerbum cor contundam et comprimam. [Cic. De Orat. 3. 58.] Il8 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. IV. Qui non sat habuit coniugem illexe in stuprum. [Cic. He Nat. Dear. 3. 26.] V. . . . quod re in summa summuni esse arbitror periclum, matres conquinari regias, eontaminari stirpem ac misceri genus. [Cic. I. c.] VI. Adde hue quod mihi portento caelestum pater prodigium misit regni stabilimen niei, agnum inter pecudes aurea clariim coma quondam Thyestem clepere ausum esse e regia, qua in re adiutricem coniugem cepit sibi. [Cic. I. c.~] VII. . . . vigilandumst semper : multae insidiae sunt bonis. VIII. Id quod multi invideant multique expetant inscitiast postulare, nisi laborem summa cum cura ecferas. [Cic. Pro Sest. 48 ; Pro Plane. 124.] IX. ne cum tyranno quisquam epulandi gratia accumbat mensam aut eandem vescatur dapem. [NONIUS, s. v. vesci.] X. concoquit partem vapore flammae, veribus in foco lacerta tribuit. [NONIUS, s. v. lacerta neutr. gen.] L. AC C I US. 119 XI. Epularum fictor, scelerum fratris delitor. [PKISCIAN, 9. p. 873 P. delitor a delinere.] XII. Sed quid tonitru turbida torvo conciissa repente aequora caeli sensimus sonere ? [NONIUS, s. v. sonere.] XIII. ATREUS. nati's sepulchre ipse est parens. [Cic. De Off. i. 28.] XIV. THYEST. fregisti fidem. ATREUS. Neque dedi neque do mfideli cuiquam . . . [Cic. De Off. 3. 28.] XV. Ipsus hortatiir me frater lit meos malis miser manderem natos. [Cic. Tusc. Disp. 4- 36.] XVI. Egone Argivum imperium attingam aut Pelopia dign6r domo? quo me ostendam ? quod templum adeam ? quern 6re funesto alloquar? [NONIUS, s. v. dignatus.] EPIGONI EBIPHYLA. WHEN Eriphyle, bribed by the gift of a necklace, had sent her husband Amphiaraus forth to certain death, in the war of the Seven against Thebes, the duty of punishing the treacherous wife 120 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. devolved upon her sons Alcmaeon and Amphilochus. When, ten years later, the Epigoni gathered their avenging army again at Thebes, the oracle promised them victory if Alcmaeon should be chosen leader. His stern duty bade him remain at home, but Eriphyle, bribed by Thersander and Polynices, sends her son to the battle. Thebes is taken, and the heroes return. In obedience to his father's mandate, and in compliance with the oracle, Alc- maeon slays his mother ; and, like Orestes, he becomes at once the victim of the avenging Furies. The play opens with an alter- cation between Alcmaeon and Thersander, who urges the young hero, on whom so many eyes are fixed, to undertake the command (I) : his own Argives are impatient for the fray (II). Alcmaeon commends coolness and deliberation (III) : Thersander appears to philosophise upon the temperament of the brave man (IV). Am- philochus is now seen on the stage (V). He seems to have inherited something of his father's gift of divination. Alcmaeon, who burns to avenge his father, speaks, apparently, of some importunate apparition, which urges him on (VI) : he cannot understand his brother's plea of delay (VII). The ghost of Amphiaraus recounts thetreacheiy of his wife (VIII, ex inc. inc. fab. LXXVII Ribb.) ; at whose bidding he went forth, with death full in view (IX, ex inc. inc. fab. LXXVIII). Before the final catastrophe, Demonassa, Eri- phyle's daughter, has a foreboding of her mother's danger, and Eriphyle seeks to understand her anxiety (X, XI). Alcmaeon braces himself to the terrible deed. There is his mother, still wearing the fatal necklace (XII) ! He approaches her : she de- nounces his impiety (XIII, XIV) ; but the deed is done. Alcmaeon must seek expiation by burnt-offerings (XV), or by cleansing flood (XVI). But the curse of bloodguiltiness is upon him, and he must fly from the land. I. quibus oculis quisquam nostrum poterit illoruni optui vultus, quos iam ab armis anni percent . . . ? [NONIUS, s. v. porcet = prohibet.] II. Et nonne Argivos fremere bellum et velle vim vulgum vides ? [NONIUS, s. v. vulgus, masc. gen.~\ L. ACCIUS. 121 III. Ita inperitus stupiclitate erumpit se, inpos consili. [NONIUS, s. v. stupiditas.] IV. Sapimus animo, fniimur aninia : sine animo anima est debilis. [NONIUS, s. v. animus et anima.] V. Sed iam Amfilocum hue vadere cerno, et nobis datur bona pausa loquendi tempusque in castra revorti. [CHARIS. De Vers. Saturn*] VI. Qui, nisi genitorem lilso, nullum meis dat finem miseriis. [NONIUS, s. v. ulso = ultus fuero.] VII. Fateor ; sed cur propter te haec pigreni aiit huius du- bitem parcere . . . [NONIUS, s. v. pigrare = retinere.] VIII. . . . avarum est mulierum genus . . . auro vendidit vitam viri. [Cic. De Inv. i. 50.] IX. prudens et sciens ad pestem ante oculos positam . . . [Cic. Ad Fam. 6. 6. 6.] X. Quid istiic, gnata unica, est, Demonassa, obsecro, quod me tanto expetens timidain e tecto excies? [CHARIS. De Vers. Saturu*] 122 FRAG ME NT A SELECT A. XL Eloquere propere ac meum hunc pavorem expectora. [NONIUS, s. v. expectorare.] XII. Sed quid cesso ire ad earn ? em praesto est : camo vide collum gravem ! [NONIUS, s. v. collus, masc. grew.] XIII. Viden ut te inpietas sti'mulat nee moderat metus? [NoNius, s. v. modero, active.'] XIV. Age age amolire, ami'tte, cave vestem attigas ! [NONIUS, s. v. attigas = contigas.] XV. Niinc pergam ut suppliciis placans caelitum aras ex- pleam. [NONIUS, s. v. supplicium = supplicatio.] XVI. Apud abundantem antiquam amnem et rapidas undas Inachi. [NONIUS, s. v. am nis. femin. gren.] EPINAUSIMACHE. THIS title represents the /idx 7 ? t 1 TC "~ S vavfft of Horn. II. 13 ; but, in the drama of Accius, the death of Patroclus seems to precede the fighting at the ships. Patroclus has fallen, and Achilles burns for revenge. He is reminded that he has no armour in which to fight ; to which he replies that his courageous spirit is armour enough for him (I). His friends seek to dissuade him from his rash venture (II) : he has to remember that his very reputation is at stake (III). L. ACCWS. 123 But Achilles cares only, he says, for the approval of the good (IV) : he will shake off this paralysing sorrow, which is no better than the helpless grief of (say) Patroclus' horse over his master (V). When Thetis comes with her Nereids and warns her son of his approaching doom, his mind can take in no other thought except that of vengeance (VI) : his friend's corpse is more in his eyes than whole heaps of slain (VII). When he is armed for the fray, the battle that begins at the ships spreads to the Scamander, and from thence to the town ; and none can resist this terrible warrior (VIII, IX), who is like a devouring flame in the pine forest (X, cp. K 20. 490 foll.\ He returns from the field proud of his achievement (XI). His meeting with Hector was like that of two war-gods contending (XII) : nor can Achilles conceal his satisfaction in thinking that, though he has restored to Priam his son's corpse, there is no more a Hector in the Trojan host (XIII, inc. fab. XIII Ribb.). I. Ut mine cum animatus fero satis armatus sum. [NONIUS, s. v. anima = ira.] II. At contra, quantum obfiieris si victiis sies considera, et quo revoces summam exerciti. [NoNius, s. v. exerciti, gen. sing.\ III. Quod sf procedit neque te neque quemquam arbitror tuae paeniturum laiidis, quam ut serves vide. [NONIUS, s. v. paeniturum.] IV. Probis probatum potius quam multfs fore. [NONIUS, s. v. pauci boni.] V. Item ac maestitiam mutam infantum quadrupedum . . . [NONIUS, s. v. mutus.] 124 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. VI. Mors amici siibigit, quod mi est senium multo acer- rimum. [NONIUS, s. v. senium = mala aetas.] VII. Nee perdoliscit fli'gi socios, morte campos contegi. [NONIUS, s. v. fligi = adfligi.] VIII. Ab classe ad urbem tendunt, nee quisquam potest fulgentium armum armatus ardorem optui. [NONIUS, s. v. armum, gen. plurJ] IX. Incursio ita erat acris. [CHARTS, i. p. 93 P.] X. Lucifera lampade abietem exurat lovis . . . [PRISCIAN, 6. p. 695 P. lovis, casu nominativo.J XI. Nam Scamandriam undam salso sanctam obtexi sanguine, atque acervos alta in amni corpore explevi hostico. [NONIUS, s. v. amnis, gen. femj\ XII. Mavortes armis duo congresses crederes. [CHARIS. i. p. 101 P. s. v. duo.] XIII. Immo enim vero corpus Priamo reddidi, Hectorem abstuli. [Cic. Tusc. Disp. i. 44.] L. ACCIUS. 125 MEDEA SIVE ARGONAUTAE. JASON has carried off Medea and the golden fleece from Colchis, and Aeetes is in hot pursuit of the fugitives. When the herdsmen on the banks of the Hister see the large bulk of the Argo the first ship that has ever appeared there they take it to be a huge sea- monster (I). As the vessel comes nearer they espy the young sailors aboard, and hear their melodious songs (II) ; and absorbed in wonder they leave their herds untended (III). Jason and Medea explain to this simple folk how ships came to be built : how, as men gradually left their savage ways (IV), they felt the desire to see the world, and ships must be made to brave the perils of the deep (V). The Scythian king looks with awe on the famous sorceress (VI). Medea begins to be suspicious of Jason, and there is a tone of bitterness in her allusion to all she has done for him taming the fire-breathing bulls (VII); and quelling the dragon, and the warriors that rose from the furrow (VIII, ex inc. inc. fab. XCIV) without her aid Jason would have been a lost man (IX). Aeetea then appears upon the stage, lamenting the death of his sons (X) ; his sorrows being echoed by the Chorus in a Canticum (XI). The terrible murder by Medea of one of her brothers, to gain time when she and Jason were being pursued, may belong to this drama (XII, ex inc. inc. fab. XCIII). I. tanta moles labitur fremibiinda ex alto ingenti sonitu et spiritu, prae se vindas volvit, vortices vi suscitat, ruit prolapsa, pelagus respargit reflat. ita dum interruptum credas nimbum volvier, dum quod sublime ventis expulsiim rapi . . , saxum avit procellis vel globosos turbines exi'stere ictos undis concursantibus : nisi quas terrestris pontus strages conciet, aut forte Triton fuscina evertens specus supter radices penitus undante in freto molem ex profundo saxeain ad caelum erigit. [Cic. De Nat. Dear. a. 35.] 126 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. II. Sicxit lascivi atque alacres rostris perfremunt delphini, item alto mulcta Silvani melo consimilem ad auris cantum atque auditiim refert. [Cic. I, c.] III. Vagant, pavore pecuda in tumulis deserunt. A! qui nos pascet postea? [NONIUS, s. v. pecuda.] IV. Primum ex immani victum ad mansuetum applicans . . . [NONIUS, s. v. immane.] V. ut tristis turbinum toleraret hiemes, mare cum horreret fluctibus. [NONIUS, s. v. horridum.] VI. Tun di'a Mede's, ciiius aditum exspectans pervixi usque adhuc ? [NONIUS, s. v. aditus.] VII. Perite in stabulo frenos immittens feris. [NONIUS, s. v. ferus.] VIII. Non commemoro quod draconis saevi sopivi impetum, non quod domui vim taurorum et segetis armatae manus. [CHAKIS. 5. p. 252 P.] IX. Exul inter hostis, exspes expers desertiis vagus. [NONIUS, s. v. exspes.] X. Pernici orbificor liberorum leto et tabificabili. [NONIUS, s. r. tabificabile.] L. ACCIUS. 127 XI. Fors dominatur, neque quicquam ulli proprium in vitast. [NONIUS, s. v. proprium = perpetuum.] XII. postquam pater adpropinquat iamque paene ut comprehendatur parat, puerum interea optruncat membraque articulation dividit. perque agros passim dispergit corpus : id ea gratia, lit, dum nati dissipates artus captaret parens, ipsa interea effiigeret, ilium ut maeror tardaret sequi. sibi salutem ut familiari pareret parricidio. [Cic. De Nat. Dear. 3. 26.] MELEAGER. OENEUS, father of Meleager, having neglected the due sacrifice to Diana, the goddess sent a huge wild-boar to ravage the harvest- fields of Calydon (I) . Meleager had married Cleopatra, the type of the quiet housewife, the complete contrast to Atalanta, a daring huntress, who claims for women a full right to join in the chase (II). Far better that, than to be a husband's drudge ! 1,111) Spartan maidens know how to use their womanhood ! V IV, ex inc. inc. fab. CXI Ribb.) So when Meleager sallies forth to attack the boar, Atalanta joins him and boldly confronts the savage beast (V) ; her spear being the first to touch it. When Meleager has slain the monster, the country folk joyfully greet him (VI) ; and he gives the crown of victory and the skin of the boar to Atalanta (VII). But the sons of Thestius, the brother of Althaea, Meleager's mother, rob the maiden of her prize : and when she appeals to Meleager, he slays some of the robbers, and declares that the prize is hers alone (VIII), and that the men are but cowards (IX, ex inc. inc. fab. CXIII Ribb.). This bloodshed wakes the Erinnys of the family, and Althaea, half in terror for herself, and half in indignation at the death of the Thestiadae (X, XI), brings from its concealment the 128 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. brand, with the preservation of which the life of Meleager was mysteriously bound up, and commits it to the flames (XII). Meleager, as the brand consumes, feels the curse working in him (XIII), and Althaea, aghast at her doing, bids her servant use his best speed (XIV, XV) to go and quench the brand. But it is too late ! The mother feels the indelible shame she has brought on herself (XVI) ; and Meleager resigns himself to death (XVII). I. . . . frugis prohibet pergrandescere. [NONIUS, s. . grandire.] II. Vagent ruspantes silvas, sectantes feras. [NONIUS, s. v. ruspari = scrutari.] III. Quam invi'ta ancillans, dicto obediens viri. [NONIUS, s. v. ancillari.] IV. Nihil horum similest apud Lacaenas virgines, quibus magis palaestra Eurota sol pulvis labor militia studio est quam fertilitas barbara. [Cic. Tusc. Disp. 2. 15.] V. Fn'git aper saetas rubore ex oculis fulgens flammeo. [Noxius, s. v. frigit] VI. Gaiident currunt celebrant, herbam conferunt donant, tenent, pro se quisque cum corona clarum connectit caput. [NONIUS, s. f. herbam =palmam.] L. ACC1US. 129 VII. Cuius exuvias et coronam huic miineravit virgini. [NONIUS, s. v. munerare, cum dat.~\ VIII. Remanet gloria apud me ; exuvias di'gnavi Atalantae dare, [NONIUS, s. v. dignavi = dignum duxi.] IX. Vos enim, iuvenes, aninium geritis miiliebrem, ilia virgo viri. [Cic. De Off. i. 18.] X. timida eliminor, E clamore simul ac nota vox ad auris accidit. [NONIUS, s. v. eliminare.] XI. Heii ! cor ira fervit caecum, amentia rapior ferorque. [NONIUS, s. v. i'ervik] XII. Eum suae vitae finem ac fatis internecionem fore Meleagro, ubi torris esset interfectus flammeus. [NONIUS, s. v. torris.] XIII. Qupe vastitudo haec aiit unde invasi't mihi? [NONIUS, s. v. vastitudo = horror.] XIV. Cave lassitude poplitum cursum levet. [NONIUS, s. t. levare = miiiuere.] K 130 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. XV. Laborem aut minuat itiner ingressum viae. [NONIUS, s. v. itiner.] XVI. Qui en't qui non me spernens, incilans probris, sermone indecorans turpi fama differet ? [NONIUS, s. u incilare.] XVII. Erat istuc virile, ferre advorsam fortunam facul. [NONIUS, s. v. facul.] MYBMIDONES. THE play opens with the despatch of the embassy sent to attempt a reconciliation between Achilles and Agamemnon (Horn. H. 9). It also includes the going forth of Patroclus to battle. Antilochus, Nestor's son, the young friend of Achilles, seeks, even before the arrival of the embassy, to turn him from his obstinate purpose. But Achilles answers that his fixed resolve is not obstinacy but firmness (I). The ancient Phoenix admonishes his pupil (II) ; but Achilles de- fends himself (III), and expresses his readiness to leave Troy and return home (IV, cp. II. 9. 356 foil.) ; and he upbraids Ajax for no longer espousing his cause or standing at his side (V). Antilochus and Patroclus seem to be pleading on behalf of some one possibly Phoenix whose freedom had given Achilles offence (VI) : and the words of his rebuke are certainly severe (VII). As the news from the field grows more alarming, and the Myrmidons are impatient to take part in the fight, Patroclus tells Achilles the plain truth, that he will be looked upon as responsible for any disaster that may befall the Achaean host (VIII). It is doubtful whether this last fragment is to be referred to the ' Myrmidones ' or to the 'Achilles ' ; if they are two distinct plays. L Tu pertinaciam esse, Antiloche, hanc praedicas, ego p6rvicaciam aio et ea me uti volo : Z. ACCIUS. 131 haec fortis sequitur, illam indocti possident. tu addis quod vitio est, demis quod laudi datur : nam pervicacem dici me esse et vincere perfacile patior, pertinacem nil moror. [NONIUS, s. r. pervicacia, pertinacia.] II. Irani infrenes, obstes animis, reprimas conndentiam. [NONIUS, s. v. confidentia = temeritas.] III. Ego me non peccasse plane ostendam aut poenas suf- feram. [NONIUS, s. v. sufferre.] IV. Classis trahere in salum me et vela ventorum aniniae immittere . . . [NONIUS, s. v. anima = ventus.] V. Quodsi, ut decuit, stares mecum aut meus te maestaret dolor, iam diu inflammari Atridae navis vidissent suas. [NONIUS, s. r. maestare.] VI. Nolo equidem : sed tu huic quern scis quali in te siet fidelitate, ob fidam naturam viri ignosce. [NONIUS, s. v. fidelitas.] VII. Tua honestitudo Danaos decepit diu. [NONIUS, s. v. honestitudo.] K 2 132 FRAGMENT A SELECT A. VIII. Qua re alia ex crimine inimicorum effiigere possis, delica. [NONIUS, s. v. delicare = explanare.] OENOMAUS. OENOMAUS, King of Pisa, father of the beautiful Hippodamia, having been warned that death would come to him from his son- in-law, kept at bay all his daughter's suitors by the condition that they should race against his famous team, and, if conquered, be beheaded. Pelops came to the ordeal, and at once won the heart of Hippodamia by his kingly beauty. The lovers bribe Myrtilus, the royal charioteer, to draw the linch-pin from the wheel, so that the car of Oenomaus was overthrown. Pelops wins Hippodamia, and puts his accomplice Myrtilus to death. Pelops, in the play, announces his intention of entering the lists (I) ; though he sees with horror the heads of the unsuccessful suitors at the palace gates (II). He assures Oenomaus that he need have no fear from the warning of the oracle (III), which seems to have been revealed to the king in the early hours of the morning, ' when dreams are true ' (IV). But Oenomaus felt that some malign influence was sapping his power, like the undermining waters that fret the base of the cliff (V). Great preparations are made for the contest, and a solemn sacrifice to the gods performed (VI). Then the race begins, and as Oenomaus gallops forward, we may imagine that Pelops sends after him the warning cry that his hours are num- bered (VII). I. Coniiigium Pisis petere, ad te itiner tendere . . . [Nonius, s. f. itiner.] II. Horrida honestitiido Europae principum prima ex loco . . . [NONIUS, s. i\ honestitudo. ] L. ACC1US. 133 III. Ego ut essem adfinis tibi, non ut te extinguerem, tuam petii gnatam : niimero te expugnat timor. [FESTUS, etc., numero = nimium. ] IV. Forte ante auroram, radiorum ardentum indicem, cum e somno in segetem agrestes cornutos cient, ut rorulentas terras ferro fiimidas proscindant glebasque arvo ex molli exsiiscitent . . . [NONIUS, s. v. segetem.] V. Saxum id facit angustitatem, et sub eo saxo exuberans scatebra fluviae radit rupem. [NONIUS, s. x. angustitatem.] VI. Vos ite actutum atque opere magno edicite per urbem, ut omnes qui arcem Alfeumque accolunt cives ominibus faustis augustam adhibeant faventiam, ore obscena dictu segregent. [NONIUS, s. v. faventia : obscenum.] VII. Atque hanc postremam solis usuram cape ! [NONIUS, s. v. usura.l PHILOCTETES. IN this play Accius geems to have borrowed freely from Aeschylus, while he follows the general outline of the Sophoclean drama, and introduces details from Euripides : as, for example, in the opening scene, where the canticum is sung by a chorus of sailors who have 134 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. accompanied Ulysses and Diomede to Lemnos (I). Ulysses replies by describing, in similar verse, the island scenery, as he knew it long ago (II). A Lemnian comes on the stage, and Ulysses ques- tions him about the abode of Philoctetes (III), and learns how he clothes and feeds himself (IV), and how wild and dangerous is his temper (V, VI). Philoctetes describes, either in monologue or to some friend, his painful sufferings (VII), his lonely home that rings with his cries (VIII), and his trust to his arrows for his daily food (IX) ; a use of weapons which, as a warrior, he despises (X). He espies and accosts Ulysses, whom he does not recognise, and whose arrival surprises him (XI) ; and, though he is ashamed to be found in his condition of savagery and squalor (XII), he con- ducts him to his cavern (XIII), and is drawn on to tell him the adventures of his companions in arms. He enquires about the Arms of Achilles, and bitterly regrets the award (XIV). The wily Ulysses seeks to win his confidence, and to gain possession of the coveted arrows. The arrival at this crisis of a Trojan embassy with tempting proposals, intending to conciliate Philoctetes and to rob him of his arrows, has half persuaded the hero (XV) ; but he remembers that it is a Phrygian Trojan who has been the source of all his woes (XVI). After a long struggle with conflicting feelings, the patriotism and self-respect of Philoctetes carry the day ; and he turns aside from the temptations offered by the Trojans, and, in spite of his suffering (XVII) he accompanies the Greeks on board their ship. I. Incliite, parva prodite patria, nomine celebri claroque potens pectore, Achivis classibus ductor, gravis Dardaniis gentibus ultor. Laertiade ! [APULEIUS, De Deo Socr. 24 : Cic. Tusc. Disp. 2. 10.] II. Lemnfa praesto litora rara, et celsa Cabirum deliibra tenes, misteria quae L. ACCIUS. 135 pristina castis concepta sacris . . . Volcania iam templa sub ipsis collibus in quos delatus locos dicitur alto ab limme caeli . . . nemus expirante vapore vides, unde ignis cluet mortalibus clam divisus : eum dictiis Prometheus clepsisse dolo poenasque lovi fato expendisse supremo. [VAKRO, L. L. 7. n M. : Cic. Tusc. Disp. 2. 10.] III. . . . ubi habet? urbe agrone? [NONIUS, s. v. habere = habitare.] IV. Configit tardus celeris stans volatilis. pro veste pinnis membra textis contegit. [Cic. De Fin. 5. n.] V. Quem neque tueri contra neque fan' queas. [MACROB. Sat. 6. i. 55.] VI. . . . cui potestas si detur, tua cupienter malis membra discerpat suis. [NoNius, s. v. cupienter.] VII. E viperino morsu venae viscerum veneno inbutae taetros cruciatiis cient. [Cic. Tusc. Disp. 2. 14, 1 VIII. . iaceo in tecto limido 136 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. quod eiulatu questu gemitu fremitibus resonando mutum flebilis voces refert. [Cic. 1. c.] IX. Keciproca tendens nervo equino concita tela. [VARRO, L. L. 7. 80 M.] X. . . . pinnigero, non armigero in corpore tela exercentur haec abiecta gloria. [Cic. Ad Fam. 7. 33.] XI. Quis tu es mortalis, qui in deserta et tesqua te adportes loca? [VARRO, L. L. 7. n.] XII. quod te obsecro aspernabilem ne haec taetritudo mea me inculta faxsit . . . [NONIUS, s. v. taetritudo.] XIII. Contempla hanc sedem, in qua ego novem hiemes saxo stratus pertuli. [NONIUS, s. v. contempla.] XIV. heu Mulciber ! arma ergo ignavo invicta es fabricates manu. [MACROS. Sat. 6. 5. 2.] XV. Ipsam Frygiam mitiorem esse aio immani Gra^cia. [NONIUS, s. v. immanis.] L. ACCIUS. 137 XVI. Pari dyspari, si inpar esses tibi, ego nunc non esseni miser. [QUINTIL. 5. 10. 84.] XVII. Agite, ac vulnus ne succusset gressus caute ingrediruini. [NONIUS, s. v. succussare.] PHOENISSAE. THE prologue opens like that in the Phoenissae of Euripides (I). Accius adopts the form of the story which represents Oedipus as making over the sovereignty to his sons, to be enjoyed by each in alternate years (II). He has pronounced no curse upon them ; the arrangement he proposes is to secure concord (III), and to give each son a share of his father's power (IV). After his year on the throne, Eteocles refuses to make way for Polynices. Polynices protests ; he has not enjoyed the privileges which his father designed for him (V). Eteocles replies by a brutal dismissal of his brother (VI) ; who, in quitting the city, bids farewell to all its holy places (VII). Thebes must be saved (so the seers say) by the sacrifice of one of Creon's sons not Haemon the elder (VIII), who is betrothed to Antigone, but Menoeceus. Thebes is besieged, and we see some one of the royal house, perhaps Haemon, superintending the de- fences, and looking to the wounded (IX). The drama ends with Creon's command to Oedipus to quit the city (X) ; and the bitter complaint of the old man at this crowning hardship, which robs him of all he has (XI). I. Sol qui micantem candido curru atque equis flammam citatis fervido ardore explicas, quianam tarn adverse augurio et inimico omine telis radiatum lumen ostentas tuum ? [PmsciAN, De Metr. Terent. p. 1325 P.] 138 FRAGMENTA SELECTA. II. Vici'ssitatemque imperitandi tradidit. [NONIUS, s. v. vicissitas.] III. ne horum dividiae discordiae dissipent disturbent tantas et tarn opimas civiuni divitias. [NONIUS, s. v. dividiae = dissensiones.J IV. Natiis uti tute sceptrum poteretiir patris [uterque]. [NONIUS, s. v. potiri cum accus.] V. Num. pariter videor patriis vesci praemiis? [NONIUS, s. v. vesci.] VI. Egredere, exi, ecfer te, elimina urbe . . . [NONIUS, s. v. eliminare = exire.] VII. delubra l caelitum, arae, sanctitudines ! [NONIUS, s. v. sanctitudo.] VIII. t Ab dracontis stirpe armata exortus genere antiquior. [NONIUS, s. v. antiquior.] IX. Obit nunc vestra moenia, omnis saiicios convfsit, ut curentur diligentius. [NONIUS, s. v. saucii.] 1 Cp. Eur. Phoen. 631. L. ACCIUS. 139 X. lussi't proficisci exilium quovis gentium, ne scelere tuo Thebani vastescant agri. [NONIUS, s. r. vastescant.] XI. . . . quae ego cuncta esse fluxa in mea re crepera comperi. [NONIUS, s. v. crepera = dubia.] PRAETEXTAE. BRUTUS. THE scene opens in the camp at Ardea, changing to the house of Lucretia. The last scene is the Roman Forum. KingTarquin, while besieging Ardea, has a dream, which he recounts to his Seer (I). Tar- quin had put to death the elder brother of L. Junius Brutus, and the younger brother only saved his own life by playing the part of a fool, and so diverting the king's suspicion. The Seer interprets the dream (II). Then must follow in order the drinking-bout in the tent of Sextus ; the challenge about the best wife ; the visit to Collatia ; the proof of Lucretia's modest worth ; the guilty passion of Sextus ; the outrage on Lucretia ; the terrible confession of the innocent wife (III), and her suicide ; the oath of Brutus, and his speech in the Forum, in which he recalls the loyalty of Servius Tullius (IV). [This line Cicero (Pro Sest. 58) declares to have been applied to him, amid thunders of applause in the theatre, where the play was being acted : ' nominatim sum appellatus in Bruto.'] The last fragment gives the establishment of consuls, and the intention of the offico (V). 140 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. I. Quom iam quieti corpus nocturno impetu dedi sopore placans artus languidos, visum est in soninis pastorem ad me adpellere pecus lanigerum exinria pulchritudine, duos consanguineos arietes inde eligi praeclarioremque alterum immolare me. deinde eius germanum cornibus conitier in me arietare, eoque ictu me ad casum dari : exi'm prostratum terra, graviter saucium, resupfnum in caelo contueri maximum min'ficum facinus : dextrorsum orbem flammeum radiatum solis liquier cursii novo. [Cic. De Div. i. 22. ] II. Kex, quae in vita usurpant homines, c6gitant curant vident, quaeque agunt vigilantes agitantque, ea si cui in somno accidunt, minus mirum est, sed df rem tantam haut temere im- provise offerunt. proin vide, ne quern tu esse hebetem deputes aeque ac pecus, is sapientia munitum pectus egregie gerat teque regno expellat : nam id quod de sole ostensum est tibi populo commutationem rerum portendit fore perpropinquam. haec bene verruncent populo ! nam quod dexterum cepit cursum a laeva signum praepotens, pulcherrime nuguratum est rem Komanam piiblicam summam fore. [Cic. I c.] L. ACCIUS. 141 III. Nocte intempesta nostram devenit donium. [VARRO, L. L. 6. 7.] IV. Tiillius qui libertatem civibus stabili'verat. [Cic. Pro Sest. 58.] V. . . . qui recte consulat, consul cluat. [VARRO, L. L, 5. 80 M.] DECIUS. THIS play records the victory of the two consuls, Q. Fabius Maxi- mus Rullianus and P. Decius Mus over the joint armies of the Samnites and Gauls, at Sentinum, B. c. 295. It contrasts the cool, deliberate temper of Fabius with the impetuosity of Decius, ' fero- cior et aetate et vigore animi ' (Liv. 10. 28) ; and describes the solemn act by which Decius, following the example of his father in the Latin War (B. c. 340), devotes himself for the salvation of the Roman army. The scene opens with the camp at night : ' All well ' is reported (I). A scout comes in from Clusium, and Fabius questions him as to the disposition of the hostile troops (II). In forming the line of battle, Decius is posted opposite the Gauls '.III). A hind pursued by a wolf runs between the lines; the hind approaches the Gauls and is slain ; the wolf comes to the Romans. The pontiff Livius offers sacrifice, and prays for a happy fulfilment of the portent (IV). But the offerings seem less pro- pitious for Decius (V:. Fabius seeks to calm the ardour of Decius (JVI) ; but he answers impatiently ^VII). The Gauls march forward with their wild war-cries (VIII) ; and with their scythe-armed chariots throw the Roman squadrons into confusion. Decius takes his stern resolve (IX) : he bids the pontiff dictate to him the for- mula of devotion, as his father used it (X) ; and dashing into the hosts of the enemy, he falls. But the day is won for Rome ; and Fabius makes over the Gallic camp to the troops of Decius, who had done such signal service V XI). 142 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. I. Nil -Deque pericli neque tumulti est, quod sciam. [NoNiu^, s. v. tumulti.] II. Dice, summa ubi perduellum est ? quorsum aut quibus a partibus gliscunt ? [NONIUS, s. v. gliscere.] III. Vim Gallicam obduc contra in acie exercitum : lue patrium hostili fusum sanguen sanguine. [NONIUS, s. v. sanguen.] IV. Te sancte venerans precibus, invicte, mvoco portenta ut populo patriae verruncent bene. [NONIUS, s. v. verruncent = vertant.] V. Et mine quo deorum segnitas? ardet focus. [NONIUS, s. v. segnitas.] VI. Quod periti sumus in vita atque usu callemus magis. [NONIUS, s. v. callet = scit.] VII. Fateor : sed saepe ignavavit fortem in spe expectatio. [NONIUS, s. v. ignavavit = ignavum fecit.] VIII. . . . Caleti voce canora fremitu peragrant minitabiliter. [NONIUS, s. v. minitabiliter.] L. ACCIUS. 143 IX. Patrio exemplo et me dicabo atque animam devoro hos- tibus. [NONIUS, s. v. devoro (?) = devovero.] X. Quibus rem summam et patriam nostram quondam adauctavit pater. [NONIUS, s. i: adauctavit.] XL Castra haec vestrum est : optime essis meritus a nobis . . . [NONIUS, s. v. castra femin. gen.~\ FRAGMENT A. DIDASCALICA. (A HISTORY of Greek and Roman poetry, with special attention to dramatic art, and treating also of the poet's own times. The majority of the fragments seem to be in Sotadean metre.) BOOK I. THE honour paid by Achilles to Nestor (I) ; a rationalistic interpretation of the vulture of Prometheus (II) I. sapientiaeque invictae gratia atque honoris patera Nestorem mactavit aurea. [Nojfius, s. v. mactare = honorare.] 144 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. II. Num ergo aquila, ita ut hice praedicant, sciciderat pectus ? [AuL. GELL. 6. 9. 16.] BOOK II. Certain faults common in dramatic performances (I) ; objections to the Euripidean chorus (II). I. Ut dum brevitatem velint consequi verborum. aliter ac sit rellatum redhostiant responsum. [NoKius, s. v. redhostit = reddit.] II. sed Euripidis quf choros temerius in fabulis . . . [NONIUS, n. v. temerius.] BOOK VIII. A description of the equipment of actors in tragedy. Actoribus manuleos et baltea et machaeras. [NONIUS, s. v. balteum, neut.] BOOK IX. A fragment from some general sketch of poetry. Nam quae Varia haec genera poematorum, Baebi, quamque longe distincta alia ab aliis sint, nosce. [CHARIS. a. v. poematorum.] L. ACCIUS. 145 EX LIBRIS INCEBTIS. Accius was the first to examine into the question of the authen- ticity of the plays currently assigned to Plautus. He rejects several that were commonly received : Nam nee Gemini lenones, nee Condalium, nee Plauti anus, nee Bis compressa, nee Soeotia l unquam fiiit, neque adeo Agroecus neque Commorientes Macci Titi. [AuL. GELL. 3. 3. 9.] 1 Boeotia. Vid. sup. sub Aquilio, p. 102. C. LUCILIUS. SATURAE. BOOK I. I. (Atheism and immorality.) Tubulus si Lucius unquam, si Lupus aut Carbo, Neptuni films (?) putasset esse deos, tarn periurus, tarn impurus fuisset ? [Cic. De Nat. Deor. i. 23.] Lucius Hostihus Tubulus, praetor B.C. 142, 'cum quaestionem inter sicarios exercuisset, ita aperte cepit pecunias ob rem iudi- candam ut anno proximo P. Scaevola, tribunus plebis, ferret ad plebem, vellentne de ea re quaeri,' Cic. De Fin. 2. 16. Tubulus went into exile, and, being brought back to trial, poisoned himself. Cp. ' Cui Tubuli nomen non odio est ? ' Cic. De Fin. 5. 22. Lupus, perhaps L. Cornelius Lentulus Lupus, consul B. c. 157, afterwards convicted, ' repetundarum reus.' Cf. Hor. Sat. 2. i. 68 ' famosisque Lupo cooperto versibus' : Pers. Sat. i. 115. Carbo. There were three bad brothers, C., Cn., and M. Carbo. The allusion here seems to be to C. Papirius Carbo, the friend of Tib. Gracchus, suspected of being concerned in the murder of Scipio Africanus. Carbo (tribune B.C. 131, consul 120) was charged with some crime by the young orator L. Licinius Crassus, and with- out awaiting a trial, poisoned himself. C. LUCILIUS. 147 Neptuni films. Cp. Aul. Gell. 15. 21 < ferocissimos et immanes et alienos ab omni humanitate, tamquam e mari genitos, Neptuni filios dixerunt.' If the reading filius putasset is right, flius must be scanned as a disyllabic. II. (A day in Some in the time of Lucilius?) Nunc vero a mani ad noctem festo atque profesto, toto ibidem pariterque die populusque patresque iactare indu foro se omnes, decedere nusquam ; uni se atque eidem studio omnes dedere et arti, verba dare ut caute possint, pugnare dolose ; blanditia certare, bonum simulare virum se ; insidias facere, ut si hostes sint omnibus omnes. [LACTANT. Inst. 5. 9. 20.] BOOK II. I. (Scaevola's ridicule of the affectation of Greek manners and speech % Albucius.') Graecum te Albuci quam Romanum atque Sabinum, municipem Ponti, Tritani, centurionum, praeclarorum hominum ac primorum signiferumque, maluisti dici. graece ergo praetor Athenis, id quod maluisti te, cum ad me accedis, saluto ; ' X a ~ l p f ,' inquam, 'Tite!' ; lictores turma omnis cohorsque ' xaipt Tite ! ' hinc hostis mi Albucius, hinc inimicus. [Cic. De Fin. i. 3.] Titus Albucius is described by Cicero (Brut. 35) as ' doctus Graecis vel potius paene Graecus . . . fuit autem Athenis adulescens, per- fectus Epicureus evaserat.' Q. Mucius Scaevola, on his way to his province as propraetor in Asia, B.C. 121, meets Albucius at Athens, and in recognition of his Greek tastes salutes him ' Graeco more ' ; his whole retinue taking up and carrying on the joke. L 2 148 FRAGMENTA SELECTA. Ponti. Cp. Cic. De Senect. 10, l ne vos quidem T. Pontii centurionis vires habetis.' Tritani, unknown. II. (A further caricature of the style of Albuoius.} Quam lepide Xefts compostae ut tesserulae omnes arte pavimento atque emblemate vermiculato ! [Cic. Or. 44. 149.] Cicero, in this passage, deprecates over-nicety in the combination of words : ' nam esset cum infinitus turn puerilis labor, quod apud Lucilium scite exagitat in Albucio Scaevola.' tesserulae, the small cubes forming a 'tessellated pavement.' arte, 'skilfully.' em- blemate vermiculato, ' intertwined mosaic work.' eu@\r/{M is anything 'inlaid.' vermiculatus is that which runs in twining, 'wriggling,' patterns, as distinct from geometrical lines. III. (Scaevola refers to his son-in-law, L. Licinius Crassus, the most famous Roman orator lie/ore Cicero's time.) Crassum habeo generum, ne rhetoricoteros tu seis ! [Cic. De Orat. 3. 43.] rhetoricoteros, i.e. pr/ropiKwrfpos. BOOK III. See Porphyr. ad Hor. Sat. i. 5. i : ' Lucilio hac satura aemulatur Horatius iter suum a Roma Brundisium usque describens, quod et ille in tertio libro fecit, prirno a Roma Capuam usque et inde fretum Siciliense.' I. (Orders are given to measure off" the road exactly.} viamque degrumabis uti castris mensor facit olim. [NONIUS, s.v. grumae.] degrumabis, from 'gruma ' or ' groma,' a surveyor's pole. C. LUCILIUS. 149 II. (Distance to Capua, and from Capua to the Straits.) Millia porro bis quina octogena videbis commoda, de Capua quinquagiiita atque ducenta. [NONIUS, s. v. commodum. ] commoda is interpreted by Nonius as ' integra ' = ' full,' ' com- plete.' The readings have been variously altered to harmonise the numbers with actual geography. III. (The rough work begins near Setia, on a mountain ridge risiny from the Pomptine marshes.) Verum haec ludus ibi susque omnia deque fuerunt, susque ea deque fuere. inquam, omnia, ludus iocusque ; illud opus durum, ut Setinum accessimus finem ; myiXtnai monies, Aetnae ocres, asperi Athones. [AuL. GELL. 16. 9.] Susque deque, lit. both up and down ' ; i.e. as much up as down, * about on a level.' So Gellius,L c. ' significat autem " susque deque ferre " animo aequo esse, et quod accidit non magni pendere,' etc. Cp. Cic. Att. 14. 6. i ' de Octavio susque deque.' alyt\iiroi. The genuine Greek form is alyl\af/, Horn. II. 9. 15. The word may be con- nected with aiyis, ' storm.' ocm, the Gk. o/c/>ir= ' mons confragosus. ' IV. (The roads are bad.) Praeterea omne iter est hoc labosum atque lutosum. [NONIUS, s. v. labosum.] Labosum may be connected with lubes. Lamosus from lama, Hor. Ep. i. 13. 10, is a likely emendation. V. (The donkeys are overloaded.) Mantica cantheri costas gravitate premebat. [POBPHYR. ad Hor. Sat. i. 6. 106.] 150 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. VI. (They take ship and coast along Lucania.} Hinc media remis Palinurum pervenio nox. [SERV. ad Verg. Aen. 10. 244.] nox, pro ' nocte,' Serv. I. c. VII. (Thick weather comes on, and soundings are taken.} Hinc catapeiratera puer deorsum dedit, unctum plumbi pauxillum raudus Unique mataxam. [IsiD. Etym. 19. 4.] Catapeiratera, cp. KaTaTreiprjTrjpir], Hdt. 2. 5 = ' sounding-line '. The raudus (lump of metal) is greased, in order that it may bring up, when it is raised, shells, sand, or the like, to show the nature of the bottom. Mataxa (metaxa) is properly ' raw silk ' ; here used generally for a cord*. BOOK IV. I. (It is uncertain to what look the next fragment is to be referred; but it forms a good prelude to the general scope of the fourth as a protest against luxury and crime.} Virtus, Albine, est pretium persolvere veruni quis in versamur, quis vivimus rebus, potesse ; virtus est homini scire id quod quaeque valet res ; virtus seire homini rectum utile quid sit honestum, quae bona quae mala item, quid inutile, turpe, inhon- estum ; virtus, quaerendae finem rei scire modumque ; virtus, divitiis pretium persolvere posse ; virtus, id dare quod re ipsa debetur honori ; hostem esse atque inimicum hominum morumque malorum, C. LUC I LI US. 151 contra defensoreni hominum morumque bonorum, magnificare hos, his bene velle, his vivere amicum ; commoda praeterea patriai prima putare, deinde parentum, tertia iam postremaque nostra. [LACTANT. Inst. 6. 5. 2.] II. (The protest of Laelius the Wise' against gluttony.) O lapathe, ut iactare, nee es satis cognitus qui sis ! in quo Laelius clamores CTO^OS ille solebat edere, compellans gumias ex ordine nostros. [Cic. De Fin. a. 8.] Lapathe, i sorrel,' how thou art lauded to the skies, and yet enough is not known of what you really are ! ' It is easy to talk finely about a light, vegetable diet, but who strictly keeps to it ? in quo. perhaps ' over which,' i.e. on the occasion of his own meal of sorrel. Laelius, surnamed Sapiens, the intimate friend of the younger Scipio Africanus. In his honour, Cicero wrote his treatise ' Laelius sive de Amicitia.' From the teaching of Diogenes and Panaetius he had learned to accept the doctrines of the Stoic school, compellans = ' rebuking.' gumias =' gluttons.' III. (Publius Gallonius is familiar to us from Horace, Sat, 2. 2. 47.) ' O Publi, o gurges, Galloni, es homo miser ' inquit ; cenasti in vita numquam bene, cum omnia in ista consumis squilla atque acupensere cum decumano. [Cic. ibid.'] Cum cum, both are to be taken as conjunctions, as in Lucilius, 'cum pacem peto cum placo cum adeo et cum adpello meam.' de- cumano, ' huge ' ; as fluctus decumanus. IV. (The gladiators Aeseminus and Pacidianus.) Aeserninus fuit Flaccorum munere quidam Samnis, spurcus homo, vita ilia dignus locoque; 152 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. cum Pacideiano componitur, optimus multo post homines natos gladiator qui fuit unus. [NONIUS, s. v. spurcum. ] Cicero, Ad Quint. Fr. 3. 4, says : ' cum Aesernino Samnite Pacidi- anus comparatus viderer, auriculam fortasse mordicus abstulisset.' Aeserninus is armed as a ' Samnite ' with the ' winged helmet, scutum, ocreae, and manica.' The pair is matched (componitur) at some show (munere) ; and we may suppose that Aeserninus bit off his opponent's ear. unus = ' beyond all others,' as ' rem unam omnium difficillimam,' Cic. Brut. 6. 25. V. (Pacidiunus expresses his hatred of Aeserninus.} 4 Occidam ilium equidem et vincam, si id quaeritis, ' inquit ; ' verum illud credo fore : in os prius accipiam ipse quam gladium in stomacho furiae ac pulmonibus sisto. odi hominem, iratus pugno ; nee longius quicquam nobis, quam dextrae gladium dum accommodet alter : usque adeo studio atque odio illius ecferor ira. [Cic. Tusc. Disp. 3. 21.] furiae = 'madman' (al. furf). Cp. Cic. Pro Sest. 14. 33 of Clodius, 'ilia furia ac pestis patriae.' longius, i.e. ' more wearisome ': he can hardly wait. BOOK V. I. (Lucilius complains of the neglect of a friend, v:lio failed to visit him when he teas sick.*) Quo me habeam pacto, tametsi non quaeris, docebo ; quando in eo numero mansti, quo in maxima nunc est pars hominum. ut periisse velis, quern visere nolueris cum C. LUCILIUS. 153 debueris. hoc ' nolueris ' et ' debueris ' te si minus delectat quod rexviov Isocratium est A7/ja>6Vjque simul totum et o-vnnfipaKtuSes, non operam perdo. [AUL. GELL. 18. 8.] Gellius, 1. c. adds this comment : ' o/jioioTt\evTa et laoKaraKrjKTa et napiffa et dfjinio-nrwra, ceteraque huiusmodi scitamenta quae isti airtip6Ka\oi, qui se Isocraticos videri volunt,. in conlocandis verbis immodice faciunt et rancide, quam sint insubida et inertia et puerilia, facetissime hercle significat in quinto saturarum Lucilius.' mansti : if this reading is correct, the meaning is, ' you continue to be like the rest of the world ' : if mansi, 1 1 continue to be, in spite of my illness, of no more interest to you than the rest of the world.' TtXviov, so Scaliger : al. art-xyov et I. avpntipaiciwSis, ' altogether childish.' The general sense is, 'if you think the jingle of "nolueris" and " debueris " a mark of bad taste, I take no further trouble,' BOOK VL I. (A miter '$ passion for his money-bet ;/.) Cui neque iumentum est nee servus nee comes ullus, bulgam et quicquid habet numorum secum habet ipse : cum bulga cenat, dormit, lavat ; oinnis in unast spes homini bulga : bulga haec devincta lacertost. [NONIUS, s. v. bulga.] bulga, & Gallic word ; French, bougette ; our budget. II. (A word not to be got into an hexameter line.') servorum ast festus dies hie, quern plane hexametro versu non dieere possis. [PORPHYR. ad Hor. Sat. i. 5. 87.] The last days of the Saturnalia were called the Sigillaria, when friends made presents of little images (sigttla, siyna) to one another. Ausonius, Ed.fer. Rom. 52, calls the festival l festa Sigillorum.' 154 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. BOOK IX. I. ( The difference, between poema and poesis.) Nunc haec quid valeant, quidque huic intersiet illud cognosces, primum hoc quod dicimus esse poema pars est parva poesis ; id est, epigrammata, porro disticha, epistula item quaevis non magna poemast. ilia poesis opus totum, ut tota Ilias summast una poesis, ut Annales Enni. Atque si hoc unumst, est maius multo quam quod dixi ante poe'ma. quapropter dico : nemo si culpat Homerum, perpetuum culpat, neque, quod dixi ante, poesin : versum unum culpat, verbum, enthymema, locumve. [NONIUS, s. v. poesis, poema.] The general sense is plain, that a poema is a short composition, and only the fragment of a poesis. But the readings are most un- certain. I have filled up a lacuna, as suggested by Bahrens, and followed, generally, Wordsworth's ed. for the rest, enthymema, locumve, 'a (single) reflection or one passage.' II. (On the needlessness of writing a vowel double, in order to show that it is long.) A primast : hinc iiicipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, ' AA geminum longa, A brevis syllaba.' nos tamen unum hoc faciemus, et uno eodemque, ut dicimus, pacto scribemus pacem, placide, lanum, aridum, acetum ; r Apes "Apes Graeci ut faciunt. [SCAUKUS, De Orthograph.~] Scaurus explains the passage : ' Accius ' (L., the tragic poet) ' geminatis vocalibus scribi natura longas syllabas voluit.' T Apey *A/>es, Horn. II. 5. 31 : see also Martial 9. 12 ' Et Graeci quibus est nihil C. LUCILIUS. 155 negatum, | et quos'A/xs "Apes deeet sonare.' Lucilius denies the use of this duplication of the vowel, and would write d and a identical, depending only on the pronunciation to distinguish them, ut dici- mus. III. ( In the plnral we may write EI, in the gen. of the declension ; in such datives as ILLI only the single i.) lam 'puerei venere' E postremum facito atque I, ut pueri plures fiant. I si facis solum, 'pupilli, pueri, Lucili,' hoc unius fiet. ' hoc illi factum est uni ' , tenue hoc facies I ; 'haec illei fecere.' addes E, ut pinguius fiat. [VELL. LONG. 56 K. et L.] BOOK XV. I. ( The Homeric Cyclops.) Multa homines portenta in Homeri versibus ficta monstra putant : quorum in primis Polyphemus du- centos Cyclops longus pedes, et porro huic maius bacillum quam malus navi in corbita maximus ulla. [NONIUS, s. v. corbita.] See Horn. Odys. g. 167 foil. His club (*&. 319 foil.) is described as ocraov 0' larov vrjus ftiKoaopoto fif\aivr}s, tyopridos tvpdrjs, which last words are the equivalent of corbita. II. (Only children are frightened at goblins.) Terriculas Lamias, Fauni quas Pompiliique instituere Numae, tremit, has insomnia ponit : ut pueri infantes credunt signa omnia ahena vivere et esse homines, sic isti somnia ficta 156 FRAGMENT A SELECT A. vera pntant, credunt .signis cor inesse in ahenis. pergula pictorum, veri nihil, omnia ficta ! [LACTANT. I. 22. 13. j insomnia fBahrens conj. for hie omnia) = visions of the night. pergula, 'studio.' BOOK XXVI. I. (The metres in this book, probably the earliest of the saturae, are mostly trochaic tetrameter catalectic. Lucilhis writes for ' the general public,' not up to the level of the most cultivated, nor down to the requirements of the ignorant.) . . . nec doctissimis ; nam Gaium Persium haec legere nolo, lunium Congum volo. [Cic. De Orat. 2. 6 : PLIN. Praef. N. H. 7.] Persium non euro legere, Laelium Decumum volo. [IZw'd.] The reading Manium of Pliny for Gaium is wrong ; if, that is, Persium be right. C. Persius is spoken of by Cic., Brut. 26. 99, as litteratus homo.' The other names must represent the average citizen. II. (The strength of Rome comr* out in a long campaign.} Ut Romanus populus victus vi et superatus proeliis saepe est multis, bello vero numquam, in quo sunt omnia. [NONIUS, s. r. bellum et proelium.] BOOK XXVII. I. (Lncilius does his best for his readers.) Rem populi salutem fictis versibus Lucilius, C. LUCILIUS. 157 qiiibus potest, inpertit totumque hoc studiose et sedulo. [NONIUS, s. v. fingere, componere.] II. (He feels that life is short, and he must uxe it to the full.} Ciini sciam nihil esse in vita proprium mortal! datum, iam qua tempestate vivo XPV TW a d me recipio. [Nonius, s. v. proprium, i. e. perpetuum.] Xprjaiv or chresin is Lachmann's emendation for the reading certe sine of MSS. III. (He never looks askance at other men's treasures.) Niilli me invidere, non strabonem fieri saepius deliciis me istorum. [NONIUS, s. v. strabones.] IV. ( The simulated grief of hired mourners.) Ut mercede quae conductae flent alieno in fiinere praeficae multum et capillos scindunt et clamant magis. [NONIUS, s. v. praeficae.] BOOK XXVIII. I. {He plays with the Empedoclean doctrine (Lucret. i. 714 foil.) of the four elements, by making an absurd application of it.) 4 Quapropter certum est facere contra ac persequi et nomen deferre hominis ' ' hoc cum feceris, cum ceteris reus una tradetiir Lupo.' ' non aderit ' ' dpxals hominem et oroi^et'otf simul privabit : igni ciim et aqua interdixerit duo habet arotx^a ' ' at friiitur anima et corpore 158 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. yfj corpus, anima est Tn/ev^a' ' posterioribus orotxeiW, si id maluerit, privabit tamen.' [NONIUS, s. v. deferre.] A man is summoned for trial before the praetor Lupus. He won't turn up. Then Lupus will proceed, by ' interdictio,' to de- prive him of two elements, fire and water. But he has the two other elements in his own body earth and air. Well, the praetor will next deprive him of these ; and that will complete the affair. T. OUINCTIUS ATTA. TOGATAE. THE fragments of Atta are too scanty to enable us to judge of that skill in representing character and especially female cha- racter with which he is credited. AEDILICIA. AEDILICIA : sc. fabula. We may suppose that at an entertain- ment given by the Aediles a money-present is made to some popular actor (I) ; and that, later in the day, there is a little trouble between a noisy citizen and the police (II). I. Datiirin estis aurum? exultat planipes. [DIOMED. 3, p. 487 P. | II. Sed si pepugero, metuet . . . [AuL. GELL. 6 (7). 9, 10.] AQUAE CALDAE. THE scene is laid in some popular watering-place, where the company is both gay and mixed. The respectable ladies complain that the courtesans are not obliged to wear their distinguishing 160 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. dress, as in Rome (I). Then there seems to have been some quar- relling between the bathers and the manager of the baths about the water-supply. They complain that the water only comes trick- ling in ; and he tells them if they are not content he shall close the spring altogether (II). I. Cum nostro ornatu per vias meretricie lupantur. [NONIUS, s. r. lupari.] II. Aquae ita muginantur hodie Atqui ego fontem occlusero. [NoNius, s. v. muginari = murmurare (?).] SATURA. THE only fragment referred to this title has a curious history. Isidore of Seville (Origin. 6. 9) asserts that the Romans were for- bidden to use, like the Greeks or Etrurians, an iron stylus for writing on their waxen tablets : ' ceram ferro ne caedito.' They were obliged to use a bone-point (I). I. vertamus vomerem, in cera mucrone aeque aremus osseo. [IsiroR. I. c.] L. AFRANIUS, TOGATAE. COMPITALIA. THE Compitalia was a feast held in the winter in honour of the Lares, and was celebrated at the spots where cross-roads met. This play is interesting, because, in the Prologue, Afranius acknow- ledges, with unblushing frankness, that he took his plays not only from Menander, but from any author, Latin as well as Greek, who happened to serve his purpose (I). He expresses his marked pre- ference for Terence (II, III). I. . . . fateor, sumpsi non ab illo modo, sed lit quisque habuit conveniret quod mihi, quod me non posse melius facere credidi, etiam a Latino. [MACEOB. Sat. 6. i. 4.] II. Terenti numne similem dicent quempiam? [S0ET. Fit. Terent. c. 5, p. 33.] III. . . . ut quicquid loquitur, sal merum est ! [PBISCIAN, 5. 8, p. 659 P.] 162 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. DIVORTITTM. Two sisters, very happily married, seem to have had their com- fort disturbed by the stupid interference of their father, who tries to make a breach between them and their husbands (I) ; accusing one of the husbands of an intrigue, which he was keeping secret, in order that his wife might not be able to claim her dowry and leave him (II). The father seems to have been put up to this by the influence of a second wife, whom one of the sisters (or the accused husband) addresses in uncomplimentary language (III) ; reminding her how pleasant she seemed, when she first came into the family (IV). The meretrix, about whom all this disturbance arose, appears on the stage, and gives herself a high character (V). I. O dignum facinus ! adulescentis optimas bene convenientes, bene Concordes cum viris repente viduas factas spurcitia patris ! [NONIUS, s. v. spurcus = saevus.] II. . . . qui conere clanculum rus ire, dotem ne repromittas, vafer, honeste ut latites et nos ludas diutius. [NONIUS, s. v. vafer.] III. Mulier, novercae nomen hue adde impium, spurca gingivast, gannit hau dici potest . . . [NONIUS, s. v. spurcus.] IV. Quam perspieace, quam benigne, quam cito, quam blande, quam materno visa's pectore ! [NONIUS, s. v. perspieace =perspicaciter.] L. AFRANIUS. 163 V. Vigilans ac sellers, sfcca sana sobria : virosa non sum, et si sum non desiint mihi qui ultro dent : aetas Integra est, formae satis. [NONIUS, s. v. virosa = virorum appetens.] EPISTULA. A YOUNG man is found prowling about in the cold by his lady- love's house, and is asked to explain his business (I). He is dressed in a petticoat to look like a girl and so gain admission (II) ; in which he succeeds, though he is not used to such disguises (III). The mother comes on the scene, and asks the daughter to explain the intruder's presence ; she states that he is taking refuge from a footpad (IV), and she defends her own modesty she is not a girl who wants a host of lovers ! (V). When the quarrel is over, the daughter tells the story to some friend about her own suppressed laughter, and her mother's fury (VI \ and their ultimate reconcili- ation (VII). I. quis tu ventoso in loco soleatus, intempesta noctu sub love aperto capite, silices cum findat gelus? [NONIUS, s. v. gelus, niasc.~\ II. tace ! puella non sum, siipparo si induta sum? [Noinus, s. v. supparum.] III. Quamquam istaec malitiosa non tarn calleo tamen fefelli. [NONIUS, s. v. callere, cum occws.] IV. Hue vemt fugiens t^nebrionem Tirrium. [NONIUS, s. v. tenebrio.] H 2 164 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. V. Nam proba et pudica quod sum, consulo et parco mihi, quoniam comparatum est uno ut simus contentae viro. [NONIUS, s. v. comparare = constituere.] VI. Ego mi'sera risu clandestine rumpier, turgere mater, amens ira fervere. [NoNius, s. v. rumpere, fervere.] VII. Me auctore, mater, abstinebis . Quid nisi ? [FESTUS, s. v. quid nisi ?] EXCEPTTJS. A YOUNG man has an intrigue with a Neapolitan girl, Moschis (I). His father meets him walking with her, dressed as a respectable lady ; for which the son finds a sort of excuse (II). Rudely sepa- rated from Moschis, the young man attempts to drown himself, but he is rescued (exceptus) by a fishing- boat (III-V). How is Moschis to win him back again ? She is advised to let him over- hear her weeping for his supposed loss (VI-VIII). I. Ubi hice Moschis, quaeso, habet, meretrix Neapolitis ? [NONIUS, s. v. habere = habitare.] II. Meretrix cum veste longa ? Peregrino in loco solent tutandi causa sese sumere. [NONIUS, s. v. meretrices.] III. Abi tu : appellant hue ad molem nostram naviculam. [NONIUS, s. v. appellare (?).] L. AFRANIUS. 165 IV. Turn conscendo cumbam interibi liici piscatoriam, . . . venio, iacitur anchora, inhibent leniter. [NONIUS, s. v. eumba.] V. iubeo hominem tolli et conlocari et confoveri : solvo operam Dianae. [NONIUS, s. v. operari = sacrificare.] VI. De vita ac morte domini fabulabere advorsum fratrem illius ac dominum suum. [NONIUS, s. v. advorsum = apud.] VII. ... si ille haec nunc sentit, facere illi satis vis, quanta illius mors sit maceries tibi ? [NoNius, s. f. maceries = maceratio.] VIII. Quod vitae studium aut quod praesidium in posterum mihi supponebas, me cum privares tui ? [NONIUS, tui, gen. pro ablat.~\ FRATRIAE. A NIOOAKDLY father wishes to get his pretty daughter off his hands, without having to settle a dowry on her (I) ; and so he betroths her to a baker ! (II). ' Why not to a pastry-cook ? ' cries the mother, ' and she might have kept the family in tarts ' (III). The girl moves heaven and earth to get off the marriage (IV) ; and when her own lover brings her in, smartly dressed, to plead her case (V), she seems to have been successful, as we find her after- wards living in style (VI). 1 66 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. I. Formosa virgo est : d6tis dimidium vocant isti, qui dotis neglegunt uxorias : praeterea fortis. [NONIUS, s. v. fortis.] II. Dat riistico nescio cui vicino suo perpauperi, cui dfcat dotis paiilulum. [NONIUS, s. v. dicere = promittere.] III. Pistori nubat ? cur non scriblitario, ut mittat fratris filio luciinculos? [NoNius, s. u. lucuns.] IV. . . . nullam profecto accessi ad aram, quin deos supplfciis sumptu votis donis precibus plorans obsecrans nequiquam defetigarem. [NONIUS, s. v. supplicium = supplicatio.] V. curre, niintia venire et mecum meam speratam adducere ; inde ut puellam curent, conferment iube. [NONIUS, s. v. sperata = sponsa.] VL Mea niitrix, surge sf vis, prefer purpuram : praeclavium contextumst. [NONIUS, s. v. praeclavium.] L. AFRANIUS. 167 SIMULANS. THE reclamation of a drunken and quarrelsome husband. After one stormy scene between the husband and wife, peace is restored through the pleading of their little child (I). The wife's father overhears the bickering with a secret joy (II}, for he has taken the advice of a friend (III), and determined on a heroic remedy. Pretending (Simulans) extreme indignation, he announces his inten- tion of dissolving this unhappy marriage. He bitterly reproaches the husband with his misconduct (IV). [These words were once the occasion of a political demonstration. The SimuUms was acted in B.C. 57. The consul, Lentulus Spinther, who presided at the representation, was, in co-operation with the Optimates, working hard for Cicero's return from exile. It was so arranged that, when these words of reproach were uttered, the Chorus and actors, to a man, fixed their gaze on Clodius, and raised such a storm that he was glad to quit the theatre. Cic. Pro Sest. 55.] Now, all the money belonged to the wife, so when the dissolution of the mar- riage was announced, the husband had to turn out of doors amid the jeers of all the household (V). So he puts his pride in his pocket, and avails himself of the services of his amiable child, to make terms with his wife's father (VI). I. Noli, mea mater, me praesente cum patre coi'cere ! Non, si noenu vis, o mel meum. [NONIUS, s. v. coicere = certare.] II. Ne ego illos velitantes ausculto lubens. [NONIUS, s. v. ausculto.] III. Saeviter ferre haec te simula, et gnatam ab illo abdiicere. [NONIUS, s. v. saeviter.] IV. haec, taeterrime, sunt postprincipia atque 6xitus malae vitiosae vftae. [Cic. Pro Sest. 55.] 1 68 FRAGMENTA SELECT A, V. Uti servorum captus est, facillime domo atque nostra familia protriiditur. [DoNAT. In Ter. Adelph. 3. 4. 34 captus est condicio.] VI. tui veretur, me ad te misit oratum pater. [Nonius, s. v. vereor, cum genitJ] VOPISCUS. THIS is the technical term for the survivor of twin children, when one has died before its birth. In this case, the father, in his unreasonable anger, refuses to acknowledge the living child (I). He seems to have repudiated his wife, and afterwards to have re- pented ; but as he has contracted a new marriage he is barred from return to his first love, as his new wife emphatically reminds him (II-IV). The rest of the fragments are of a very mixed character : a serious defence of the old practice of exposing children (V) : honourable marriage commended to young men (VI) : various characters introduced, such as the lady who gets power by capri- cious alternations of warmth and coolness (VII) ; the old woman on the look-out for a young lover (VIII) ; the lady's maid (IX) ; the trusty comrade (X) ; and the slaves who are spoiled by their masters (XI). I. Non dolorum partionis veniet in mentem tibi, quos tu misera pertulisti, ut parturn proiceret pater? [NoNius, s. v. partio.] II. Quo casu cecidit spes reducendi domum quam cupio, cuius ego in dies impendio ex desiderio magis magisque maceror. [CHAKIS. s. v. impendio.] Z. AFRANWS. 169 III. Voluptatem capio maximam, crucian tua te culpa, qui de te et de ilia pessime, quam deamas, promerere. [NONIUS, s. v. deamare.] IV. Igitiir quiesce, et quoniam inter nos miptiae sunt dictae, parcas istis verbis, si placet. [NONIUS, s. v. dicere = promittere.] V. Antlquitas petenda in principio niihi. maiores vestri incupidiores liberum fiiere. [NONIUS, s. v. liberum, gen. phir.~\ VI. eius te siiscitat imago, cuius effigia, quo gnatu's patre. [NoNius, s. r. eflfigia = effigies.] VII. Dum me morigeram, diini morosam praebeo, deinde aliquid dedita opera controversiae concinno, laedo interdum contumeliis. [NONIUS, a. r. morigera, morosa.] < VIII. Si possent homines delenimenti's capi omnes haberent mine amatores anus, aetas et coi-pus tenerum et morigeratio, haec siint venena formosanun mulierum : mala aetas nulla delenimenta mvenit. [NONIUS, s. r. mala aetas = senectus.j 170 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. IX. novi non inscitulam ancillulam, vestrae hie erae vestfspicam. [NONIUS, s. r. vestispici.] X. equidem te nunquam mihi parasitum, verum amicum aequalem atque hospitem cotidianum et laiitum convivam domi. [NONIUS, s. v. aequales, lautus.] XI. male merentur de nobis eri, qui nos tanto opere indulgent in pueritia. [NONIUS, s. v. indulgere, cum occws.] POMPILIUS. EPIGRAMMA. (An Epigram, modelled on the Alexandrine style by Pompilius (al. Papinus) in the first half of the seventh century u. c.) Pacvi discipulus dicor, porro is fuit Enni, Ennius Musarum ; Pompilius clueo. [NONIUS, s. c. cluet.] Pacvi, i. e. Pacuvii ; MSS. VALERIUS AEDITUUS. EPIGRAMMATA. Aulus Ciellius, 19. 9. 10 : 'versus cecinit Valeri Aeditui, veteris poetae, item Porcii Licini et Q. Catuli, quibus mundius, venustius, limatius, tersius graecum latinumve nihil quidquam reperiri puto. Aeditui versus : I. Dicere cum conor curam tibi, Pamphila, cordis, quid mi abs te quaeram, verba labris abeunt, per pectus manat subito multus mihi sudor : sic tacitus, stupidus, duplo ideo pereo 1 . Atque item alios versus eiusdem addidit, nee hercle minus dulces quam priores : II. Quid faculam praefers, Phileros, qua nil opus nobis? fbimus sic : lucet pectore flamma satis, istam nam potis est vis saeva exstinguere venti, aut imber caelo candidus praecipitans : at contra hunc ignem Veneris, nisi si Venus ipsa, nullast quae possit vis alia opprimere.' 1 The reading of the last line is very uncertain. He seems to mean that his sufferings are twofold ; first, his passion ; secondly, his inability to express it. Bahrens reads ' Sic tacitus, subidus dum studeo, pereo.' Q. LUTATIUS CATULUS. EPIGRAMMATA. (Q. Lutatius Catulus, consul 102 B. c., was colleague of Marius. ) I. Aufugit mi animus. Credo, ut solet, ad Theotimum devenit. sic est : perfugium illud habet. quid ? quasi non interdixem, ne illunc fugitivum mitteret ad se intro, sed magis eiceret ! ibimus quaesitum. verum ne ipsi teneamur formido. quid ago ? da Venus consilium. [AuL. GELL. I. c.] Wordsworth quotes the original which suggested it, from Calli- machus, Ep. 42 : ij^iffv fiev tyvxhs rjaov, ext'iae f&p ^ XiOoKtvaros Kfivt), KOI Svaipajs ol5' on itov ffrp(f his lines to suggest a wing. EBOTOPAEGNIA. Numquod meum admissum nocens hostit voluntatem tuam? . [NONIUS, s. i. hostire = offendere.] ALCESTIS. Corpore tenuato pectoreque undique obeso ac mente exsensa tardigeniclo senio obpressum. [AuL. GELL. 19. 7.} LAEVIUS. 1 83 To this it may be well to add the remainder of the chapter in Gellius, who gives various examples of the bizarre language of Laevius : ' item notavimus quod oblitteram gentem pro " oblitterata " dixit ; item quod hostes qui foedera frangerent foedifragos, non " foederifragos " dixit ; item quod rubentem Auroram pudoricolorem appellavit, et Memnona tiocttcolorem ; item quod/orfe, " dubitanter," et ab eo quod est " sileo " silenta loca dixit et pidverulenta et pestilenta, et quod carendum tui est pro " te," quodque magno impete pro " impetu " ; item quod fortescere posuit pro " fortem fieri," quodque dolentiam pro "dolore," et arens pro " libens" ; item curis intderantibus pro " in- tolerandis," quodque mancidis, inquit, tenellis pro " manibus" ; et quis tarn siliceo? . . . Item fieri, inquit, inpendio inflt, id est "fieri inpense incipit " ; quodque accipitret posuit pro " laceret " . . . . Cetera, quae videbantur nimis poetica . . . praetermisimus ; veluti fuit quod de Nestore ait trisaedisenex et dulciorelocus : item quod de tumidis fluc- tibus inquit multigrumis, et flumina gelu concreta tegmine ease onychino dixit : et quae multiplicia ludens composuit ; quale istud est quod vituperones suos subductisupercilii carptores appellant. ' mo. Et iam purpureo suras include cothurno, balteus et revocet volucres in pectore sinus, pressaque iam gravida crepitent tibi terga pharetra, derige odorisequos ad certa cubilia canes. [It will be noticed that the second and fourth hexameter ends in an iambus : this particular form of verse being called miurus (ftdoiv . . ovpa). The lines are quoted by Terent. Maurus, 1931, with the following introduction : ' Livius ille vetus Graio cognomine suae . inserit Inoni versus, puto, tale docimen : | praemisso heroo sub- iungit namque miuron, | hymnum quando chorus festo canit ore Triviae. | Et iam e. q. s.' There seems to be no doubt that Terent. Maur. is in error in ascribing the Ino to Livius rather than to Laevius, with whose style the language and versification agree. The scene probably represents the wild vision of the hunt which Athamas saw in his delirium, and in which he seemed to be taking part. See Ovid, Metam. 4. 512 foil.] 184 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. PHOENIX. | Venus amoris altrix genetrix cuppiditatis, mihi | | quae diem serenum hilarula praepandere cresti | j obseculae tuae ac ministrae, | | etsi ne utiquam, quid foret expavida gravls du- | | -ra fera asperaque famultas, potui domnio in ac- | -cipere superbo. | [CHARIS. 288 K.] PROTESILAODAMIA. IT would seem that Laodamia, anxious about her husband in his absence, describes (perhaps in a letter) the charms of some fair Asiatic women, whose attractions have been a danger to Pro- tesilaus. I. Gracilentis color est, dum ex hoc gracilans fit. [NONIUS, s. v. gracilens.] II. Nunc quaepiam alia de Ilio Asiatico ornatu affluens aut Sardiano ac Lydio, fulgens decore et gratia pellicuit. [PEISCIAN, i. 497 H.] INCEBTAE SEDIS. I. Lex Licinia introducitur, lux liquida haedo redditur. [AuL. GELL. 2. 24.] LAEVIUS. 185 [See Aul. Gell. I. c. : ' Verba Laevii significant haedum qui ad epulas fuerat adlatus dimissum, cenamque ita, ut lex Licinia sanxisset, pomis oleribusque instructam.' This sumptuary law of Licinius was passed before B.C. 103, and was repealed in B.C. 97.] II. Antipathes 1 illud quaerito, philtra omnia undique irruunt : trochilisci 2 , iunges, taeniae, radiculae, herbae, surculi, sauri, illices 3 bicodulae, hinnientium dulcedines 4 . 1 antipatfies, an antidote against spells ; Plin. N. H. 37. * trochilisci, probably ' little wheels,' on which the tvyyts (wry- necks) were tied. 3 illices. The 'two-tailed lures' are probably doubled ribbons or threads (licia). 4 dulcedines. See the description of the ' hippomanes,' Verg. Aen. 4. 516. SUEIUS. MORETUM. THE making of some kind of compote, into which the ' peach ' (Persicaj enters. Admiscet bacas nucis : haec nunc regia partini, partim Persica (quod nomen fit denique) fertur propterea, quod qui quondam cum. rege potenti, nomine Alexandro Magno, fera proelia belli in Persas tetulere, suo post inde reventu hoc genus arboris in praelatis finibus Grais dissevere, novos fructus mortalibus dantes. mollusca haec nux est, ne quis forte inscius erret. [MACROB. Sat. 3. 18. 10.] PULLI. II. SUEIUS seems to have had a poultry farm at Ostia ; and gives remedies for the diseases of fowls. Escam hie absinthi e iure in os pulli dato, simul assulatim viscus assumit cibum. [NONIUS, s. v. assulatim = minutatim.] FABULAE ATELLANAE. THE old Oscan farce fabula Atellana took a new lease of life and a distinct literary development, in the hands of Pomponius of Bologna and Novius. There are titles preserved of 70 of the plays of Pomponius, and fragments amounting to 200 lines : of the plays of Novius 40 titles and TOO lines. But the remains are so scattered that it is impossible to sketch the entire plot of a single play. The original peculiarity of the Atellanes is preserved to a considerable extent in their new form : that is to say, the retention of certain stereotyped characters Maccus, the prototype of the clown or har- lequin of the pantomime a compound of folly and shrewdness, who was, however, a favourite with the audience ; Pappus, the old fool, like the pantaloon, always doing the wrong thing in the wrong way ; Bucco, the glutton and swaggerer, like the dAdfwv of the Attic comic stage ; and Dossennus, the hunchback, a man of low cunning and endless resource. M. Patin, describing the resuscita- tion of the Atellane and the mime, speaks of them as ' ces antiques parades devenues le cadre d'une nouveUe fabula palliata, d'une nou- velle fabula togata, ou plutdt tabernaria. ... La constitution de Yatellane changea avec le temps. Elle passa des amateurs aux comediens, de I'improvisation a une redaction prelim inaire, de 1'osque au latin, de la prose aux vers. . . . UateUane ainsi renouveleo etait particulierement une sorte de fabula iabernaria, qui, sous les masques d'Atella, se moquait des basses classes de la societe, sur- tout de la society extra murox, des ridicules de la campagne et de la petite ville '.' A few lines must suffice to suggest the subjects with which these farces dealt. 1 Etudes sur la poesie latine, vol. 2, p. 333. l88 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. NOVIUS. i. DAPATICI. Instance of rustic Latinity. primum quod dicebo recte, secundum quod dicebo est melius . . . [NONIUS, s. v. dicebo pro dicam.J II. FULLONES FEBIATI. A hobgoblin with an ogre's appetite. Vortit se in omnes bestias, comest quidquid tetigit tantum. [NONIUS, s. v. comest.] III. GALLINARIA. ' Fierce volubility.' pestifera portentifera trux tolutiloquentia ! [NONIUS, s. v. tolutim.] IV. MACCUS EXUL. Limen means both lintel and sill. Limen superum, quod mei misero saepe confreglt caput, inferum autem, digitos omnes ubi ego defregi meos. ^NONIUS, s. v. limen. Cp. PLAUT. Merc. 5. i. i.] NOVIUS. 189 V. MILITES POMETINENSES. A glutton reminds one of a baby ! Tii pueri pausilli simil es, quia enim ad os fers quid- quid nanctu's. [NONIUS, s. v. simil(e).] VI. PACILIUS. The author rushes ' like a shot ' to his writing. Ut sol aurescit, cerae castra crebro catapulta inpulit. [NONIUS, s. v. catapulta.] VII. PAPPUS PBAETERITUS. The old man, rejected as a candidate, will sooner find a seat in his coffin than in the ' curule chair.' dum istos invitabis suffragator6s, pater, prius in capulo quam in curuli sella suspendes natis. [NONIUS, s. v. capulum.] VIII. TABELLABIA. A dowerless wife is like a patch on a purple cloak. Qui habet uxorem sine dote, ei pannum positum in piirpura est. [NONIUS, s. v. pannum, next.] IX. EX INCEBTIS PABULIS. A debtor is ' going,' for 1000 sesterces. A bystander asks the amount. Then, as if he were at an auction, and as if the poor 190 FRAGMENTA SELECTA. man was a ' lot put up ' at so much, he says, ' I go no higher : take him off.' 'Quanti addictus?' ' Mille minimum.' ' Nihil addo ; ducas licet.' [Cic. De Orat. 2. 63.] X. A joke in the shape of a truism. . . . sapiens si algebis tremes. [Cic. De Orat. 2. 70.] POMPONIUS. XI. AEDITUMUS. The sacristan who hates his service. Qui postquam tibi adpareo atque aeditumor in templo tuo nee mortalis nee mortalium ullum in terra miseriust. [NONIUS, s. v. aedituor (?).] XII. ABMOBUM IUDICIUM. A portable step-ladder is brought on the stage : perhaps for Ajax to get nearer to Athena. Turn prae se portant ascendibilem semitam, quem scalam vocitant. [LACTANT. in Stat. Theb. 10. 841.] POMPONIUS. 191 XIII. ABUSPEX VEL'PEXOR RUSTICUS. The village barber is also a soothsayer ; but he misunderstands the word puriter. bucco, puriter, fac ut rem tractes Lavi iamdudum manus. [NONIUS, s. v. puriter. ! XIV. AUCTORATUS. The gladiator wins the lady's love by his prowess as a toreador. Occi'dit taurum torviter, me amore sauciavit. [Nouius, s. v. torviter.] XV. CAMPANI. Proclamation of a public ffirTjais for Dossennus and the Fullers. Dantor publicitus Dossenno et fullonibus cibaria. [NONIUS, s. i\ publicitus.] XVI. CITHARISTA. Everyone would be glad if his wife were to die ! noli, quaeso, irascere : more fit, morire suam vir quisque ut uxor6m velit. [NONIUS, s. v. irascere.] 192 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. XVII. CONDICIONES. What will hardly keep one will not keep two. Vi'x nunc quod edim invenio : quid nam fiet, si quam duxero ? [NONIUS, s. v. edim.J XVIII. DOTATA. ' Do withdraw for il a little ! " ' ' How long is " a little" ? ' ' Possum exorare te ut recedas a me paulisper modo ? ' ' Quantisper sat habes ? ' [NONIUS, s. v, quantisper. j XIX. EBGASTULTTM. To be bailiff to an absentee is very like being master. Longe ab urbe vilicari, quo erus rarenter venit, id non vilicari sed dominari est mea sententia. [NONIUS, s. v. rarenter.] XX. PULLONES. A joke on the standing quarrel between the Fullers and the weaving- women. Quin 6rgo, quando convenit, complectite ! 'mi f rater, salveto.' '6 soror, salve, mea.' [NONIUS, s. v. complectite.] POMPONIUS. 193 XXI. KALENDAE MARTIAE. Rehearsing for a female character. 'Vocem deducas oportet, lit videantur mulieris verba.' ' lube, modo adferatur miinus, vocem reddam ego tenuem et tinnulam . . . etiam nunc vocem deducam ? ' [MACROB. Sat. 6. 4. 13.] XXII. MAIALIS. After a good dinner, a punster makes a joke on empty bellies. Miserit me eorum qui sine frustis ventrem frustrarunt suum. [NONIUS, s. v. frustro.] XXIII. PANNUCEATI. 'Nubere ' used of a man who marries an overpowering wife. sed meus frater maior, postquam vidit me vi deiectiim domo, mipsit posteriiis dotatae vetulae varicosae vafrae. [NONIUS, s. v. nubere.] XXIV. PAPPUS AGBICOLA. A young wife's anger at her goodman's unexpected return. Volo scire ex te cur urbanas res desubito deseris. [NONIUS, s. P. desubito.] O 194 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. XXV. PAPPUS PRAETERITTJS. The philosophy of a rejected candidate : 'better luck next time!' Populi's voluntas haec enim et vulgo datast : refragant primo, suffragabunt post, scio. [NONIUS, s. v. suffragare.] XXVI. PHILOSOPHIA. A professional opinion not to be had gratis. ' Ergo, mi Dossenne, cum istaec memore meministi, mdica, qul illud aurum abstiilerit.' 'non didici ariolari gratiis.' [NoNius, s. v. memore = memoriter.] XXVII. PISTOR. The cheating miller eats the corn given him to grind. Decipit vicinos : quod molendum conduxit, comest. [NONIUS, s. v. comest.] XXVIII. PBAECO POSTERIOR. The son takes the father aside to drub him quietly. Ego dedita opera te, pater, solum foras sediixi, ut ne quis 6sset testis tertius praeter nos, tibi cum tunderem labeas lubens. [NONIUS, s. v. labeae.] POMPONIUS. 195 XXTX. PROSTIBULUM. Pudding is better than praise ! Ego rumorem parvi facio, diirn sit rumen qui impleam. [NONIUS, s. v. rumen, ' the crop.'] XXX. SATURA. Wine is the crown of gaiety. Cuiusvfs leporis Liber diademam dedit. [PRISCIAN, 6. z, p. 679 P. s. v. diademam.] XXXI. SYBI. The glutton's gross diet ; all bacon and no salad ! Lapatium nullum utebatur, lardum lurchabat lubens. [NONIUS, s. v. lurchare = cum aviditate cibum sumere.] O 2 M. TERENTIUS VARRO. SATURAE MENIPPAE. ABORIGINES (irepl dc0po5irwc u'cre(s). THIS Satura seems to deal with the beginnings of the human race. It opens with a procession of animals, uttering their distinc- tive cries (I, II) ; so there is a contrast suggested between the brutes and Man, who is a being urged on by soaring hopes, which disappoint him in the moment of fruition (III). His best com- panion is Virtue, the only companion suitable alike to the grey- beard and the boy indeed, the old require it even more, for an ass, after a certain age, is no better than one too young (IV). Mankind, according to Varro, makes slow progress, like the growth of a child ; and the first beginnings of artistic taste are seen in the desire to fashion and possess dolls and little images (V). I. Mugit bovis, ovis balat, equi hinniunt, galh'na pipat. [NONIUS, s.v. pipare.] II. Grundit tepido lacte satiir mola mactatus porcus. [NONIUS, s. v. grunnire. ] III. Ita sublimis speribus iactato homines at volitantes altos nitens trudito. [NONIUS, s. v. sperem => spem.] M. TERENTIUS VARRO. 197 IV. Sed neque vetulus cantherius quam novellus melior nee canitudini comes virtus. [NONIUS, s.v. canitudo = canities.] V. Itaque brevi tempore magna pars in desiderium puparum et sigillorum veniebat. [Nonius, s. v. pupa.] ANDABATAE. ANDABATAE (Cic. Fam. 7. 10) were gladiators who wore visored helmets without any aperture for the eyes ; and so, to the amuse- ment of the spectators, fought blindfold. There is probably an allusion in this title to the imprisonment of the soul in the bonds of flesh, and its subjection to the slavery of lusts (I, II, III). The tone is distinctly anti-materialistic ' man is anything rather than a mere lump of flesh ' (IV) : the soul is pent within him. like air in a bladder (V). I. Non mirum si caecuttis, aurum enim non minus prae- stringit oculos quam 6 TTO\VS aKparos. l [Nonius, s. v. praestringere.] II. 'Edepol' idem 'caecus non luscitiosus est.' [NONIUS, s. v. lusciosus = qui ad lucernam non vident. Cp. PLAUT. Ma. Glor. 2. 3. 51.] III. Nec manus visco tenaci tinxerat viri castas. [NONIUS, s.r. castum = a furtis abstinens.] 1 Cp. Menander, Monostich. 420 & woAiis dteparos 6\iy' 9opas KcSafiOu). ANAXIMANDER, Heracleitus and Empedocles had already specu- lated on the destruction of the material universe, and the Stoics held that it would be consumed by fire. Others maintained that it would come to an end, not by a violent catastrophe but by a gradual wearing away. This seems to be the underlying idea in KO2MOTOPTNH, if ropvvrj is to be taken as a ' wimble ' or ' drill ', rather than a 'stirrer' or 'squeezer' (as tudiada). Death waits upon the first beginnings of life (I) ; and war is another fruitful cause of this destruction, whether we think of the soldier going on his campaign and returning in safety (II, III), or of the horrors of civil war (IV). It seems that Varro plays upon the word Kocfios, and extends its meaning to all manner of decorative things, which are liable to the corruption of ' moth and rust ' (V). I. Propter cunam capulum positum nutrix tradit pollictori. [Nonius, s. v. capulum : pollinctores.] II. Toga detracta est, et abolla data est, ad turbam abii, fera militia munera belli ut praestarem. [NONIUS, s. v. abolla = vestis militaris.] III. Detis habenas animae leni, dum nos ventus flamine sudo suavem ad patriam perducit. [NONIUS, s. v. anima = ventus.] IV. Africa terribilis : contra concurrere civis civi, atque Aeneae misceri sanguine sanguen. [NONIUS, s. v. sanguen.] 208 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. V. Singulos lectos stratos ubi habuimus, amisimus propter cariem et tineam. [NONIUS, s. v. caries est vetustas.] MANIUS. I MAY venture here to reproduce the sketch given of this Satura in Mommsen's Roman History, B. v. Chap, xii : ' The Satire of "Manius" (Early Up!) describes the management of a rural household. Manius summons his people to rise with the sun, and in person conducts them to the scene of their labours (I). The youths make their own bed, which labour renders soft to them, and supply themselves with waterpot and lamp (II). Their drink is the clear fresh spring, their fare bread, and onions as a relish (III). Everything prospers in house and field. The house is no work of art, but an architect might learn symmetry from it (IV) . Care is taken of the field, that it shall not be left disorderly and waste, or go to ruin through slovenliness and neglect (V) ; in return, the grateful Ceres wards off damage from the produce, that the high-piled sheaves may gladden the heart of the husbandman (VI). Here hospitality still holds good ; everyone who has but imbibed his mother's milk is welcome (VII). The bread-pantry, and wine-vat, and the store of sausages on the rafters, lock and key are at the service of the traveller, and piles of food are set before him (VIII) ; contented sits the sated guest, looking neither before nor behind, dozing by the hearth in the kitchen (IX). The warmest double-wool sheepskin is spread as a couch for him (X). Here people still, as good burghers, obey the righteous law, which neither out of envy injures the innocent, nor out of favour pardons the guilty. Here they speak no evil against their neighbours (XI) . Here they trespass not with their feet on the sacred hearth, but honour the gods with devotion and sacrifices, throw to the familiar spirit his little bit of flesh into the appointed little dish (XII), and when the master of the household dies accompany the bier with the same prayer with which those of his father and of his grand- father were borne forth ' (XIII). M. TERENTIUS VARRO. 209 I. Manius mane suscitat, rostrum sub rostra adfert, populum in forum conducit. [NONIUS, s. v. conducere.] II. Lecto strato matellam, lucernam, ceteras res esui usuique prae se portant. [NONIUS, s. v. matella = aquarium vas.] III. Dulcem aquam bibat salubrem et flebile esitet cepe. [NONIUS, s. v. cepe, neutr.] IV. harum aedium symmetria confutabat architectones. [NONIUS, s. v. confutare.] V. Ager lit relinqueretur ac perbiteret squale scabreque inliivie et vastitiidine. [NONIUS, s. v. scabres : squalor (?) femin.] VI. Hiinc Ceres, cibi ministra, friigibus suis porcet. [NONIUS, s. v. porcet = prohibet.] VII. Nam eum ad quern veniunt in hospitium lac huma- num fellasse. [NONIUS, s. v. fellare.] VIII. Haec adventoribus accedunt : cellae, claves, claustra, carnaria, dolia. [NONIUS, s.v. dolia.] P 210 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. IX. habens antepositam alimoniam, sedens altus alieno sumptu, neque post respiciens neque ante prospiciens, sed limus intra limites culinae. [NONIUS, s. v. limus = obtortus, i.e. with sidelong glance.] X. Alterum bene dormire 'super amphitapha bene molli.' [NONIUS, s. v. amphitaphae, utrinque habentes villos.] XI. Quocirca oportet bonum civera legibus parere, et decs colere, in patellam dare piKpbv Kpeas. [NONIUS, s. v. patella.] XII. Non maledicere, pedem in focum non imponere, sacri- ficari. [NONIUS, s. v. sacrificari.] XIII. Funere familiari commoto avito ac patrito more pre- cabamur. [NONIUS, s. i?. patritum.] MABCIPOR. MARCIPOR, i. e. Marci puer, or Varro's own slave. It is difficult to decide whether the master is moralising to the slave, or the slave (as in Hor. Sat 2. 7) lecturing the master. The general subject of the Satura is the vanity and extravagance of human wishes, exemplified in children and in men and women, who are as silly as children (I-III). The verses about the storm have been M. TERENTIUS VARRO. 211 taken to refer to the dangers incurred by merchants in search of gain, and have been compared with the picture of the shipwrecked adventurer in Juvenal (Sat. 14. 290 foil.). But this is hardly com- patible with the description of the soaring storks, blasted by lightning, and tumbling to the ground. It may therefore be better to see in this scene a reminiscence of the flight of Menippus, on a voyage of investigation, to the court of Zeus, as given by Lucian in the Icaromenippus, though the fate of the philosopher there was not so disastrous. I. Utri magis sunt pueri? hi pusilli pigri, qui exspec- tant nundinas J , ut magister dimittat lusum ? [NONIUS, s. v. lusus pro ludo.] II. Altera exorat patrem libram ocellatorum 2 , altera virum semodium margaritarum. [NONIUS, s. v. margaritum.] III. Astrologi non sunt, qui conscribillarunt pingentes caelum ? [NONIUS, s. v. conscribillavi.] IV. Eep6nte noctis circiter meridie, cum pictus a6r fervidis late fgnibus caeli chorean astricen ostenderet. [NONIUS, s. v. meridiem = noctis mediam partem.] nubes aquali frigido velo leves caeli cavernas aiireas subduxerant, aquam vomentes inferam mortalibus. [NONIUS, s. c. inferum.] ventfque frigido se ab axe eniperant, 1 nundinas, sc. 'holidays.' 2 some precious stone, with marks or dots like eyes. P 2 212 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. phrenetic! septentrionum fflii, secum ferentes tegulas, ramos, syrus. [NONIUS, s. v. syrus (avptw) = scopas. ] at nos caduci naiifragi, ut ciconiae, quarum bipennis fulminis plumas vapor perussit, alte maesti in terram cecidimus. [NoNius, s. v. bipennis.] MABCOPOLIS (irep! IT is impossible to say whether the title of this Satura suggests a real and practicable commonwealth, such as Marcus (Varro) would wish it to be ; or whether it is only an aspiration a Wfe\oKOKKvyia after his own heart, as Mommsen calls it. Any- how, the point seems to lie in an elaborate analogy between the various arrangements of a properly organised city and the general economy of the human body (I). Though in the beginning of human society there may be a general equality, it is not long before the principle of the ' survival of the fittest ' asserts itself (II, III). I. Sensus portae, venae hydragogiae, cloaca intestini. [NoNius, s.v. intestini, masc.~] II. Natura humanis omnia sunt paria. Qui pote plus, urget pisces ut saepe minutos Magnus comest, ut avis enicat accipiter. [NONIUS, s. v. comest = comedit.] III. Nemini Fortuna currum a carcere intimo missum labi inoffensum per aequor candiduni ad calcem sinit. [NONIUS, s. v. calx, masc.] M. TERENTIUS VARRO. 213 MODIUS. Tins word, which properly means a dry measure of capacity, is used as the title of the Satura because it suggests a constant play on the words ' modus,' ' modicus,' ' modeste,' ' medioxime,' and the like. Varro apologises for the ' theatrical measure ' of his treatise : which, however, need not be touched by his friend, and the writing can easily be sponged out (I, II). It is better to keep to a moderate amount of meat and drink (III) ; unlike the custom of those whose measure of living is high living (IV). This ' moderation ' is the secret of life, and it is the text of the famous Delphic inscription (V, VI). I. Sed, 6 Petrulle, ne meum taxis librum si te pepugerit hie modus scaenatilis. [NONIUS, s. v. taxis = tetigeris.] II. Si displicebit, tarn tibi latum mare parabit aliquam spongiam deletilem. [NONIUS, s. r. deletile = quod deleat. ] III. . . . trimodiarn amphoramque eundem temeti ac farris medium. [NONIUS, s v. temetum.] IV. Et hoc interest inter Epicurum et ganeones nostros quibus modulus est vitae colina. [NONIUS, s. v. colina = coquina.] V. Non eos optime vixisse qui diutissime vixent, sed qui modestissime. [NONIUS, s. r. modestum a modico.] 214 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. VI. Quid aliud est quod ' Delphice canft columna li'tteris suis ayav /JUjdfV ' quam nos facere ad mortalem modum 'medioxime,' ut quondam patres nostri loquebantur 1 [NONIUS, s. v. medioximum = mediocre.] "ONOI AYPAZ. THE proverb in full runs thus : ovos \vpas d/covow KivtT TO, Si-ra, and the expression ovos \vpas is used for a stupid man, who has no appreciation of music. The Cynics generally looked down upon music, and Diogenes had a sneer for those who could tune a lyre, but were indifferent as to their soul being in a state of harmony. The Satura describes a contention between a devotee of music and one of its detractors. It may remind us of the way in which Zethus (in the Antiope of Euripides and Pacuvius) presses the claims of a practical life against his dreamy, music- loving brother Amphion. The prologue opens !.with Phonascus (a professor) announcing himself and his accomplishments (I) : music is natural to man (II) : it is the harmony of the spheres which regulates the universe (III) : workers sing over their daily toil (IV) : the vast audience in a theatre is melted by the tender notes of the flute, or excited by more stirring tones (V) : the priests of Cybele can tame the lion with the sound of their cymbals, as the statue on Mt. Ida commemorates (VI) : how much nobler is such a profession than the coarse amusements of the huntsman ! (VII). To which the unmusical man replies, that after all it is an unprofitable art (VIII) ; and that we must admit as great a variety in the accomplishments of men, as we see in the colours of horses (IX). I. Phonascus 1 adsum, vocis suscitabulum, Cantantiumque gallus gallinaceus. [NONIUS, s. v. suscitabulum.] 1 Al. (fxuvaaxla. M. TERENTIUS VARRO. 21$ II. Primum earn esse physicen, quod sit f^vTos, ut ipsa vox, basis eius. [NONIUS, s. v. basis.] III. Quam mobilem divum lyram Sol harmoge 1 aeque clam gubernans motibus diis veget. [NONIUS, s. v. diis : veget.] IV. Homines rusticos in vindemia incondita canere, sar- cinatricis in machinis. [NONIUS, s. v. sarcinatrices.] V. Saepe totiiis theatri tibiis cerno flectendo Commutare mentes, erigi animos eorum . . . [NONIUS, s. v. frigi : 1. erigi.] VI. Non vidisti simulacrum leonis ad Idam eo loco, ubi quondam, subito eum cum vidissent quadrupedem, Galli tympanis adeo fecerunt mansuem, ut tractarent manibus ? [NONIUS, s. v. mansues, nom.] VII. Nempe aut sues silvaticos in montibus sectaris venabulo aut cervos, qui tibi mali nihil fecerunt verrutis a ! artem praeclaram. [NONIUS, s. v. venabulum.] VIII. lurgare coepit dicens : ' Quae scis, age qui in vulgiim vulgas art^mque ex- promis inertem?' [NONIUS, s. v. vulgus, masc.] 1 apuoyfi = ' harmony.' 21 6 FRAG ME NT A SELECT A. IX. Equi colore dispares item nati : hie badius, iste gilvus, ille murinus. [NONIUS, s. v. badius.] PAPIAPAPAE (ircpl THE title seems to be only an exclamation expressive of wonder- ing admiration. The Satura is directed against excessive praise, which is often given out of mere ignorance, as a man may mistake a ' bit of glass for an emerald ' (I). Funeral orations are fulsome ; they do not discriminate between the worthy and unworthy (II). The mincing compliments paid to a pretty woman are absurd in their extravagance (III-VII). But there is another side to the picture excessive dispraise. Some critics know how to pick holes in everything, but do not know how to give honour where honour is due (VIII, IX). I. Imperito nonnunquam concha videtur margarita, vitrum smaragdos. [NONIUS, s. v. margaritum.] II. Qui potest laus videri vera, cum mortuus saepe fura- cissimus ac nequissimus civis iuxta ac Publius Afri- canus ? [NONIUS, s. v. iuxta = similiter.] III. Ante auris nodo ex crobyli subparvuli intorti emittebantur sex cicinnuli ; oculis suppaetulfs nigelli piipuli quantam hilaritatem significantes animuli ! [Cp. inf. V.] M. TERENTIUS VARRO. 217 IV. Quos calliblepharo naturali palpebrae tinctae vallatos mobili septo tenent. [NONIUS, s. v. palpebrae.] V. rictus parvissimus ut refrenato risu roseo . . . [Ill, V. NONIUS, s.v. rictus (hominis).] VI. Laculla in mento impressa Amoris digitulo vestigio demonstrat mollitiidinem. [NONIUS, s. v. mollitudinem.] VII. Collum procerum fi'ctum levi marmore regillae tunicae d6finitur piirpura. [NONIUS, regilla, dimin. a regia.] VIII. Omni opstant in ministerio invidum tabes. [NONIUS, s. v. invidum, gen.~\ IX. Quare resides lingulacae, optrectatores tui, iam nunc murmurantes dicunt : /io>/i7}paa(itvT) 7007$ OlafiSos. Ap. Rhod. 1. c. P. T ERE NT I US VARRO AT AC IN US. 247 BOOK II. I. Te nunc Coryciae * tendentem spicula nymphae hortantes ' o Phoebe ' et ' ieie ' conclamarunt. [Gn. L. K. 7. 332 ; see AP. RHOD. 2. 711.] II. Frigidus et silvis aquilo 2 decussit honorem. [SERV. ad Verg. Georg. 2- 400 ; see AP. RHOD. 2. 1098 foil.] BOOK III. I. Desierant 3 latrare canes urbesque silebant : oninia noctis erant placida composta quiete. [SENECA, Rhet. p. 313 K. ; see AP. RHOD. 3. 749 foil.] II. Cuius ut aspexit torta caput angue revinctum. [CHARIS. 90 K ; see AP. RHOD. 3. 1214 foil.] BOOK IV. I. Turn te flagrant! deiectum fulmine Phaethon*. [QuiNT. Inst. i. 5. 17 de syllabarum awaiptaei.] 1 IloXXd Si KtapvietattivfMt>cu, nxdnroto 6v-)arpfs, \ OapavvfCfnov firfaatv, 'Iriif KeK\T]fvuii. Ap. Rhod. I. c, 2 Bopeao (itvos . . . tv ovpeat vr ) v - Ap. Rhod. I. c. * 'EvGa WOT' alOa^ufvn Tvirtls -apbs ffrtpva tetpawai \ ^/ijSa^s QaiQcuv nkatv apfjMTos 'HtAi'oio. Ap. Rliod. 4. 597 foil. 348 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. II. Semianimesque micant oculi lumenque requirunt 1 . [SERV. ad Verg. Aen. 10. 396.] CHOROGRAPHIA. (IMITATED from the work of Alexander of Ephesus.) I. Vidit et aetherio mundum torquerier axe et septem aeternis sonitum dare vocibus orbes 2 nitentes aliis alios, quae maxima divis laetitiast. at tune longe gratissima Phoebi dextera consimiles meditatur reddere voces. [MAR. VICTOR. 60 K.] II. Ergo inter solis stationem et sidera septem exporrecta iacet tellus ; huic extima fluctu Oceani, interior Neptuno cingitur ora. [PRISCIAN, i. icoH. s. v. extimus.] III. Europam Libyamque rapax ubi dividit unda. [Cic. Tusc. Disp. i. 20.] EFHEMEBIS. (THE following lines, translated from Aratus, have been closely imitated, or borrowed, by Virgil, Georg. i. 375 foil.) 1 Said by Servius to have been taken directly from Ennius by Varro. 2 Cp. Cic. Somn. Scip. 4 : ' Quis est qui complet aures meas tantus et tarn dulcis sonus ? Hie est, inquit ille, qui intervallis coniunctus imparibus, sed tamen pro rata parte distinctis, impulsu et motu ipsorum orbium conficitur, et acuta cum gravibus temperans varies aequabiliter concentus eificit.' P. TERENTIUS VARRO AT AC IN US. 249 Turn liceat pelagi volucres tardaeque paludis cernere inexpleto studio certare lavandi, et velut insolitum pennis infundere rorem ; aut arguta lacus circumvolitavit hirundo, et bos suspiciens caelum (mirabile visu) naribus aerium patulis decerpsit odorem ; nee tenuis formica cavis non evehit ova. [SEBV. ad Verg, Georg. i. 375.] PUBLILIUS SYRUS. MIMTJS. A specimen of an unnamed passage from Publilius Syrus is given in Petronius (55) : Luxiiriae rictu Martis marcent moenia, tuo palato claiisus pavo pascitur plumato amictus aureo Babylonico, galllna tibi Numidica, tibi galliis spado : ciconia etiam grata, peregrina hospita pietaticultrix gracilipes crotalistria avis, exul hiemis, titulus tepidi temporis, nequitiae nidum in caccabo fecit modo. quo margaritam caram tibi, bacam Indicam, smaragdum ad quam rem viridem, pretiosum vitrum, quo Carchedonios optas ignes lapideos, nisi lit scintilles? probitas est carbunculus. an ut matrona ornata phaleris pelagiis tollat pedes indomita in strato extraneo ? aequum est induere niiptam ventum textilem, palam prostare nudam in nebula linea ? In spite of the licentious character of the Mimes, and the un- restrained merriment which marked them, there was always an undercurrent of something better ; which showed itself in those shrewd maxims of worldly wisdom and even of high morality, which the industry of later ages has culled from the Mimes. The principal collection goes by the name of PUBLILII SYKI SENTENTIAE ; of which the following lines are typical specimens. PUB LI LI US SYRUS. SENTENTIAE. i. Ab alio expectes alteri quod feceris. n. Alienum aes homini ingenuo acerba est servitus. in. Amare et sapere vix deo conceditur. iv. Avarus nisi cum moritur nil recte facit. v. Animo iniperabit sapiens, stultus serviet. vi. Bonitatis verba imitari maior malitia est. vn. Bis interimitur qui suis armis perit. vin. Bene vi'xit is qui potuit cum voluit mori. ix. Cotidie damnatus qui semper timet. x. Crimen relinquit vitae qui mortem appetit. xi. Didicere flere feminae ad mendacium. xn. Discordia fit carior concordia. xin. Etiam celeritas in desiderio mora est. xiv. Effiigere cupiditatem regnum est vmcere. xv. Fortiina vitrea est : turn cum splendet frangitur. xvi. Gravissimum est imperium consuetiidinis. xvn. Homo extra corpus est suum cum irascitur. xvin. Honesta turpitiido est pro causa bona. eredis fletus sub persona risus est. millum avarus bonus est, in se pessimus. Inopiae desunt pauca, avaritiae omnia. hiuriarum remedium est oblivio. Inertia est laboris excusatio. Legem nocens veretur, fortunam mnocens. Loci's remotis qui latet lex est sibi. Male vincit quern post paenitet victoriae. Maliis quicumque in poena est praesidium est bonis. xxvin. Nil peccent oculi si animus oculis fmperet. xxix. Numquam periclum sine periclo vincitur. 252 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. xxx. Non turpis est cicatrix quam virtus parit. xxxi. Occasio receptus difficiles habet. xxxn. Pudor dimissus numquam redit in gratiam. xxxin. Probo beneficium qui dat ex parte accipit. xxxiv. Qui docte servit partem dominatiis tenet. xxxv. Quidquid fit cum virtiite fit cum gloria. xxxvi. Rapere est accipere quod non possis reddere. xxxvu. Ruborem amico exciitere amicum est perdere. xxxvui. Spina etiam grata est ex qua spectatur rosa. xxxix. Solet sequi Laus cum viam fecit Labor. XL. Sat magna usura est pro beneficio memoria. XLI. Taciturnitas stulto homini pro sapientia est. XLII. Tarn deest avaro quod habet quam quod non habet. XLIII. Ubi fata peccant hominum consilia excidunt. XLIV. Ubi peccat aetas maior male discit minor. XLV. Ubi nil timetur quod timeatur nascitur. XLVI. Ubi innocens formfdat damnat iudicem, XLVII. Vinim bonum natura non ordo facit. XLVIII. Veterem ferendo iniuriam invites novam. XLIX. Voliiptas tacita metus est magis quam gaudium. L. Vultu an natura sapiens sis, multum interest. C. HELVIUS CINNA. CINNA was a close friend of Catullus (sodalis, Cat. 10. 30), and had been with him in Bithynia. His gentile name, Helvius, explains his long sojourn among the Cenumani. A visit to his old haunts is here alluded to. LUDICBA. At nunc me Cenumana per salicta bigis raeda rapit citata nanis. 1 [AuL. GELL. 19. 13.] PROPEMPTICON POLLIONIS. THIS seems to have been a guide-book in the form of a poem, to describe for the young Asinius Pollio the outline of a journey he was about to take from Brundisium, via Corcyra, to Actium, and so along the coasts of Greece into the interior of that country. It was probably modelled on the Propempticon of the Bithynian Parthenios. Nec tarn donorum ingentes mirabere acervos innumerabilibus congestos undique saeclis iam inde a Belidis natalique urbis ab anno, Cecropis atque alta Tyrii iam ab origine Cadmi. [CHARIS. 124 K.] 1 nanis : this word seems to have been used for a kind of small cob. 254 FRAGMENTA SELECT A. II. Lucida cum fulgent summi carchesia 1 mali. [ISIDOK. 19. 2. IO.] III. Atque anquina 2 regat stabilem fortissima cursum. [ISIDOK. ig. 4. 7.] IV. Atque imitata nives lucens legitur crystallus. [SCHOL. ad luv. Sat. 6. 155.] ZMYRNA. THIS poem [quern libellum decem annis elimavit Serv. ad Verg. Ed. 9- 35] dealt with the passion of Zmyrna (Myrrha) for her father Cinyras. Te matutinus flentem conspexit Ecus, et flentem paulo vidit post Hesperus idem. [SERV. ad Verg. Georg. i. 288.] EPIGRAMMA. (Hs seems to have brought from Bithynia a copy of the Diosemia of Aratus, inscribed on mallow leaves.) Haec tibi Arateis multum vigilata lucernis carmina, quis ignes novimus aetherios, levis in aridulo malvae descripta libello Prusiaca vexi munera navicula. [ISIDOK. 6. 12.] 1 carchesia : l summa pars mali, id est foramina quae summo malo f unes recipiunt ' (Nonius, 546. 13). 2 anquina : l funis quo ad malum antenna constringitur ' (Isidor. 1. c.). POPULARES VERSUS. RIBALDRY of the soldiery at Caesar's triumph after the Gallic War, on the model of the old songs sung by the troops, making jokes at their officers (Livy 4. 20, 53 ; 5. 49 ; 7. 10, 38 ; 10. 30 ; 28. 9). I. Gallias Caesar subegit, Nicomedes Caesarem : ecce Caesar nunc triumphat, qui subegit Gallias, Nicomedes non triumphat, qui subegit Caesarem. [SUETON. d. lul. 49.] II. The introduction of Gauls into the Senate. Gallos Caesar in triurnphum diicit, idem in curiam : Galli bracas deposuerunt, laturn clavum sumpserunt. [SUETON. d. luL. 80.] III. The difference between Caesar and Brutus. Brutus, quia reges eiecit, consul primus factus est : hie, quia consules eiecit, rex postremo factus est. [SUETON. ib.~\ IV. Cp. Veil. Paterc. 2. 67 : ' Lepidus Paulus fratrem proscripserat ; nee Planco gratia defuit ad inpetrandum ut frater eius Plancus Plotius proscriberetur ; eoque inter iocos militaris qui currum Lepidi Plancique secuti erant . . . usurpabant hunc versum : De gennanis non de Gallis diio triumphant consules.' 256 FRAGMENTA SELECTA. V. Ventidius Bassus, who had once made his living by looking after mules, was elected consul, and these lines were sung about the city : Concurrite omnes aiigures, hanispices ! portentum inusitatum conflatum est recens ; nam miilos qui fricabat consul factus est. [AuL. GELL. 15. 4.] C. LICINIUS MACER CALVUS. THE friend and, sometimes, the butt) of Catullus. A man perhaps more eminent as a barrister than as a poet. EPITHALAMIA. Et leges sanctas docuit et cara itigavit corpora conubiis et magnas condidit urbes. [SzRV. ad Verg. Aen. 4. 58, de Cerere.] 10. I. A virgo infelix, herbis pasceris amaris ! [SERV. ad Verg. Ed. 6. 47.] II. Mens mea dira sibi praedicens omina vecors. [PROBUS, 234 K. s. i: sibi.] III. Cum gravis ingenti conivere pupula somno . . . [PRISCIAN, i. 479 K. s. r. conivfiriv] IV. Frigida iam celeri superata est Bistonis ora. [PROBUS, 226 K.] S 2-,S FRAGMENTA SELECTA. V. Sol quoque perpetuos meminit requiescere cursus. [SERV. ad Very. Eel. 8. 4.] LUDICBA. I. Alluding to Q. Curius, a notorious gambler.) Et talos Curius pereruditus. [AscoN. 84 K. J II. ! Heriaogenes Tigellius offered for sale as a Sardinian slave./ Sardi Tigelli putidum venit caput. [PoRPHYR. ad Hor. >'/. i. 3. i.] L. VARIUS RUFUS. DE MORTE. (THIS Epic by Varius, the friend of Virgil, is commonly supposed to refer to the violent death of Caesar.) I. Vendidit hie Latium populis agrosque Quiritum eripuit : fixit leges pretio atque refixit. [MACROB. Hat. 6. i. 39 ; see VERG. Aen. 6. 621.] II. Incubet ut Tyriis atque ex solido bibat auro. [MACROS. Sat. 6. i. 40.] III. Quern non ille sinit lentae moderator habenae qua velit ire, sed angusto prius orbe coercens insultare docet campis fingitque morando. [MACROB. Sat. 6. 2. 19.] IV. Ceu canis umbrosam lustrans Gortynia vallem, si veteris potuit cervae deprendere lustra, saevit in absentem et circum vestigia lustrans aethera per nitidum tenues sectatur odores ; non amnes illam medii, non ardua tardant, perdita nee serae meminit decedere nocti. [MACROB. Sat. 6. 2. 20 ; see VERG. Eel. 8. 88. ] M. TULLIUS LAUREA. EPIGRAMMA. SEE Pliny, N. II. 31. 7 : ' huius (Academiae, Villae dceronianaej in parte priina exiguo post obitum ipsius (Ciceronis^, Antistio Vetere possidente, eruperunt fontes calidi perquam salubres oculi.s, celebrati carmine Laureae Tullii. qui fuit e libertis eius ' : Quo tua, Romanae vindex clarissime linguae, silva loco melius surgere iussa viret, atque Academiae celebratam nomine villam nunc reparat cultu sub potiore Vetus : hoc en iam apparent lymphae non ante repertae, languida quae infuso lumina rore levant, nimirum locus ipse sui Ciceronis honori hoc dedit, hac fontes cum patefecit ope, ut, quoniam totum legitur sine fine per urbem sint plures oculis quae medeantur aquae. [PLINY, I. c.] THK END. SELECT LIST OF STANDARD W O R K S PRINTED AT STANDARD LATIN WORKS .... Page i STANDARD GREEK WORKS . . . . ,, 3 MISCELLANEOUS STANDARD WORKS . 7 STANDARD THEOLOGICAL WORKS . . 8 NEW ENGLISH DICTIONARY 8 1. 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