^H^ttM-:.-:.^ in THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES ft lawyer dallas, texas Miniature Series. THE L I T T L E TEACHER OF STANDARD PHONOGRAPHY. ANDREW J. GRAHAM, Author and Publisher, "New York. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1871, BY ANDREW J. GRAHAM, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. NEW AND IMPROVED EDITION. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1882, BY ANDREW J. GRAHAM, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. WIN. PREFACE The Miniature Series — of which this is one vol- ume- — is intended to present in neat and compact form, and of pocket size, the leading features of the . Phonographic Art in its most Improved and Approved I ^Scientific and Practical, Form. METHODS OF STUDY. There are two methods of study which may be pursued by the phonographic student : One, to ob- tain a knowledge of the more general features of the Art, as by the study of the Little Teacher; and the other, to obtain a thorough knowledge of the Art, by studying full and logically arranged statements of the greater and minor features of the Art, and by rendering these statements entirely familiar by much. practice of ample illustrative reading and writing ex- ercises, as by the use of the Hand-Book of Standard Phonography. Those desirous of becoming excellent phonograph* ers, may combine both methods; studying the Hand' Book thoroughly, and carrying the Little Teacher as a pocket companion, to serve at odd moments as & convenient reminder of the contents of the larger book. The Outline (part first of the Little Teacher) gives a bird's-eye view of the system, well designed to im- press upon the mind the leading principles and their relations : as, 1. The Simple Consonants ; 2. Vocal- ization ; 3 Group-Consonant Signs, with their five subdivisions. The Little Reader (part second of this work) fur- nishes a short reading exercise on each section of the Outline; and these clearly engraved exercises re- peatedly read and copied will make an ineffaceable im- pression upon the memory. The Writing Exercises (part third of this work) is a Key to the engraved Reading Exercises. The student having read a portion of the engraving by aid of this Key, should test and improve his knowledge by writ- ing the words of the Key in phonography, and cor- tecting errors by comparison with the engaving. : urth oi this book] will I - :.panion for the phonographic student in his reading and writing of phonography, nntil he has made the word-signs and. .miliar. Produced by the au. - f Stei .: _ .:.d thoroughly re- vised, it is the best and prettiest Correspouden: iblished. The Synopsis (a little fuller presentation of the Art) may n I upil may at once pro- mplete and ough presentation of the Ait, both in its elementary and : teacher and pupil, and with ample reading and writ- When th- baa been familiarized up to its Bepor- ~ apter, the student should read and copy the ~F which is an extendtd en e correspond: i called because suited to correspondence and other common uses of the Art, •where legibility is more important than speed. The er should be writ- ten in phonography, and errors corrected by compar- : the engraving of the -. The corresponding style thoroughly master ed by mind and ft rting instrument my imperfectly acquired reporting style. The let is intended to be studied in con- nection with the Reporting Stvle chapter of the 1. £. ■:. The Dictionary gives, by its unmistakable name- d, the best modes of writing words and phrasea - jrresponding and Reporting Styles. ANDREW J. URAHAII. OUTLINE OF STANDARD PHONOGRAPHY. By ANDREW J. GRAHAM. conductor of the fhonetic academy, set york, and aithoe of the handbook of standard pho. s03raphy :" the synopsis of standard phosog. eapht : "' "the first and the second stantjard- phonosraphic readers:" 'the standard phono- graphic dictionary ; " - brief longhand ; " " a 5t3 teil for the rapid expression of nu5ues5." etc. "The intelle: I mand a basis — . point of departure — otb i _ . . 7 refuse to exert ^ers."' Xew York : PUBLISHED BY ANDREW J. GRAHAM, ~ii BBOAmVAY. Entered, according to act of Congress, in the year 1S62, by axdrew J. Graham. in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York. INITIAL REMARKS. Standard Phonography— the best shorthand— in the language of the New York Evening Post, is " Pitman's Phonog- raphy greatly improved, perfected, and Americanized." Of the Hand-Book — the first work in which was presented Standard Phouography, the Scientific American said : " It is, we think, a successful attempt to systemize Phonography and place it beyond the chance of future change, so that any person acquiring it now will not have to be continually altering, cor- recting, and unlearning what he has already acquired." Within three years after its first presentation, the system of the Hand-Book is acknowledged to be the best system of Pho- nography, even by the rival phonographic publishers of this country — by one, Mr- Longly, in a frank and noble manner, which does him great honor, and by the other by an appropria tion of my labors and devices to such an extent, it seems to me as not only to be condemnable at the Bar of Law or of Conscience but to suggest to the public, especially phonographers, the pro priety of acquiring the system thus approved from its source where nothing useful is retrenched to give the color of originality or to conceal a trespass. It would seem that no higher authority than these facts and quotations could possibly be given to establish the superiority of Standard Phonography, unless it might be the testimonials of the many intelligent phonographers, amateur and professional, who having studied Pitman's Phonography have since learned the system of the Hand Book A few specimens of these numerous testimonials are given in the following paragraphs : From Charles Whitney, Reporter.—" Having made my- self acquainted with Standard Phonography as well as the sys- tem of Mr. Pitman, and being aware of the advantages of the former, I shall take pleasure in introducing it whenever en 4 INITIAL REMARKS. opportunity shall present. "Wherever its merits are known it must supersede the system of Mr. Pitman " From Joseph Flowers. Jr., Phonographic Teacher, Attle- boro, Bucks Co., Pa — " Six months ago I was as earnest a Pit- man phonographer as ever breathed, but now I have adopted Standard Phonography entirely, aud think no other worth studying." From Wm. H. Okr, Reporter, in The Phonetic Pioneer. — " A very good method of testing the superiority of Graham's over Pitmun's system of reporting is to contrast the amouut of mat- ter contained in a line of the one, written the same size, with that which a line of the other system contains." The contrast, as shown by Mr. Orr, taking lines at random, from the different reporting works, where the lines were of the same length, was 38 words in aline of my work and IS in a line of Mr. Pitman's work — showing a superiority of more than one hundred per cent in favor of the Standard Phonographic Reporting Style Mr Pitman, in one of his publications, speaks of Mr. Joseph B. MeCullagb, the Reporter of the Cincinnati Gazette, as hav- ing " the enviable reputation of being the youngest reporter and the fastest writer in the city "—though he gave no intimation of the reason why the youngest writer should be able to outstrip older and more practiced ones. This omission is happily sup- plied by the following : From Joseph B. McCvllagh Reporter of the Cincinnati Gazette — " I reported during the campaign [of I860] recently closed, more than a hundred speeches verbatim, and I can tes- tify to the fact that Standard Phonography only, is capable of giving the reporter sufficient speed to enable him to follow a rapid speaker When every reporter in the United States has fully mastered Standard Phonography we will find a fewer num- ber of corrections of public speeches. It is easier with a full knowledge of Standard Phonography to write 180 words per minute than it is with the most thorough mastery of the other system [Pitman's], to write 140." From A. J. Street in the Philadelphia Saturday Evening Post)—" At present there are two systems of Phonography, Gra- ham's and Pitman's. Having carefully studied both, I have no INITIAL, REMARKS. O hesitation in pronouncing Graham's the superior and most per- fect system, both in regard to brevity and more perfect repre- sentation of the sounds of the language." In Phonographic Odds and Ends, see Comparison of Stand- ard aud Pitman Phonography, p. 22 — Interested Theory against Staudard Phonography upset by Fact, p 180— Importance of the Haud-Book, p 165, par. 2 — Instability of Pitman's Phonog- raphy, p 16S — Stability of Standard Phonography, p. 187, par. 7 : p. 179, par. 3 — Why Old Phonograpbers adopt Standard Pho- nography, p. 110 — Pitman Phonography will be found wanting, p. 183, par. 3 — Reporters approve Standard Phonography, p 178 — Standard-Phonographic Works, p. 165-6 — Merit of Standard Phonography, p. 188 — Standard Phonography, taken as a whole, is a new and superior system, p. 187, par. 3 — Plagiarism furnish- ing an unwelcome proof of the superiority of Standard Phonog- raphy, p. 167— Standard Phonography superior to other Pho- nographies, p 196, par. 2 — Genuine Old Phonography extin- guished by the Hand- Book, p. 197, par. 2 — Objections to Stand- ard Phonography answered, p 198-200. It is believed that the preceding will enable every person, whether proposing to study Phonography, or having already- commenced, to decide the important question, "Which system is best" — and aid in establishing, for this country at least, a uniform system of Phonetic Shorthand " Let there be light.'' This little book is designed to serve as a useful Pocket-Com- panion for the student while familiarizing the Phonographic Alphabet, and the Chief Principles of the Corresponding, or Full Style, of Phonography. As a few strokes of a pencil by a good artist may convey a fair and general impression of a countenance, so this Outline, when carefully studied gives no mean knowledge of its subject A knowledge of the less and greater shades, characteristics, and uses will be attained by the study of the Standard-Phonographic series, namely : 1. The Synopsis. 2. The Hand- Book— an encyclopedia of every principle of every style of the art. 3. The First Stand. ard-Phonographic Reader — an extended exercise in reading and copying in the Corresponding Style — requiring a moat thorough review of the Hand-Book — and embracing matter of 6 INITIAL EE.MAEKS. importance to all young men and women. 4. The Second Standard-Phonographic Reader— thoroughly presenting and exemplifying the best Reporting Style, with numerous refer- ences to the Hand- Book : — and embracing a large body of Xotes pertaining to the minutest details of reporting, and giving full advice for its practice. 5. The Standard- Phonographic Dic- tionary, giving the pronunciation, and the best Corresponding and Reporting Outlines, of more than Sixty Thousand 'Words: the Signs of several thousand Phrases; useful Remarks as to Orthography, Pronunciation, Outlines. Contractions, and Phrase-writing : and niany Special Contractions for the various subjects of reporting in addition to the general Word-Signs and Contractions given in the Hand-Book — in fine, a Cyclopedia of Details as the preceding works are Cyclopediae of Principles and Exemplifications. This series has been produced by an immense expense of time, labor, and money — the Dictionary costing nearly Three Thousand Dollars for stereotyping alone ; and by many intelligent and competent judges these works have been pronounced to be beyond comparison with anything in the whole history of shorthand. That this art in its most improved form rendered adequate to all the purposes of a standard and universal system, might go where the wants of the age demand it should go, into all our institutions of learning, to be acquired by all classes and pro- fessions, there has been an earnest endeavor in these works to present it in a Scientific and Impressive Form and Manner, ■with a Fullness and Conciseness of Explanation, and a Com- pleteness and Beauty of Illustration, and with the Collateral Aids of Questions and Exercises — which should place it in these respects upon an equal footing with the other arts and the sciences which are now made branches of education. But most earnestly has the Author labored to produce a series of works by which any one of ordinary comprehension may by due effort, without the aid of a teacher, acquire, at his pleasure, either a general, or a minute, critical, and practical knowledge of the art. so that it may become as prevalent as it should, and furnish its invaluable assistance to every adult or youth the land over, even if we should go on forever with that ancient ab- INITIAL REMARKS. 7 surdity of consuming in the schools the precious time of the pupil by the study of things which either as to their entirety or their minutiae are of very slight or exceptional utility, while arts and sciences which would be of great service to all in any vocation, are overlooked, excluded, and sometimes derided. Those brauches which underlie and run through all other studies — as do reading and writng — or which might be of great assistance in must other studies, as Phonography would be — should, of cour-^. be thoroughly studied — though that is not a reason why, as to the character of the thing or its presentation, we should tolerate great stupidity— as, for instance, that we should have a system of reading which violates common sense and which may only with immense difficulty be indifferently but never perfect- ly acquired : or that we should take many months to teach that system, when it might be taught in almost as many weeks ; or that we should take five hours to write a thing, as by the com- mon longhand, when we might more easily write it in one hour, as by Phonography. In primary schools there should be taught only the general principles of those arts and sciences which are not of great general utility, the minutiae being left to be studied as individual requirements or pursuits may demand- If this plan of education were to be adopted, then might Phonography be introduced into our schools and thoroughly studied, as it ought to be, without excluding any other desirable study. ANDREW J. GRAHAM. Phonetic Depot. New York,) December U, 1661, 3 KEY TO PRONUNCIATION. ale, at or at, ask, art, ah ; aer=air ; eve, ell or ell, her ; ire, it or It ; old, none, on for or for, ol — all ; pur, up or lip, tcu=too, ful=full, kud= could, tuk=took; thin ; dhen=then ; sh&U.; vizh-on= vision. Accent (•) ; prez-ent, present. Syllable-Mark (.). Orthographic, or Common- Spellesg, Mark (,) ; 'Edinburgh =Ed-inburg, ( phthisic =tizik, f though=dho. 5 outline; ^ SIMPLE CONSONANTS. § 1. Simpel Kon'sonant-Sinz and dhar Ndmz. \ Pe \ 1 1 / / Be Te De Cha Ja Ka Ga V Ef v ( ( ^ ) o y >> Ve Ith Dhe Es Ze Iss Ish Zhav r La ■^ / ^ w ^ -> c > Ar Ra Em En lug Wa We Wu Ya Ye Yii Ha He. .Rem. 1. Ish iz olwaz riten donnward when alon ; when riten upward, az it ma be when joind widh udher stroks, it iz kold Sha. Rem. 2. La iz olwaz riten upward when alon ; when riten dounward, az it ma be when joind widh Udher etroks. it iz kold El. Rem. 3. Ka, iz invariabli riten upward, and when alon, mor slanting dhan Cha, which iz olwaz riten dounward. Bern. 4. Ha iz olwaz riten upward. 10 THE OCTUSi. 4. Kvmliindahona and dkdr NAfn*. Pe-KA EA Gi Eu J a Pe-En Ith-En KA-Ajt r- r\ o O AC — LA-KA LA- Ar La-Es La-Ish El-Em El-Tng Ka-6* Bo-Pe Ef-Ga Be-iag Ve-Ga De-Ve Ga-Ga — — [ — ^ / ^ Km-Em Eu-£a Stea SkAa Is-R&z fla* lb-Ilk p /-* o^i ^ V.C. - a ci — / "— « I*-Efc Slix Setnz San Tez-Ka Eax-Ga En-Sem k(\ c y ^ l, ^/ £/-*>la-T$ Wei Wer Wem Te-Weo Ka-Wer We-TS We-Ja Wu-Ka En-We-D« Ye-Bn Yu-LA Yu-BA. *. Dht Sir-hoi mi be mad Into a larj serkel (Sea.) tu ad « or »; dhoa, — D KAsea, ^q Efsea ; (6) mad intu a suiol Imp (8te), tu ad t or rf; dhoa: (** Last, /^ Bast or Eazd, f 8te-TS ; (o) mad lata a larj Imp (-sler), to ad tr ; dhua : \> PSster, (^ LAater ; (rf) tu whlco leap* and lArj serkel Is mA be aded; dhua: \> PeAta, V^ Pestera, fl> Kax-RA aea-Ia. THI UUTLi.SK. II VOCALIZATION. 4. Sin* ov SimpeJ, Vou-ela (a, 6, o, 6, eu.), Dif- Vuhujz (I, oi, ou, u), and of w and y with a folytng rouel dr dlf-thong (az wi3, wi, wo, wo, ye, yl, yo, yo — wl, woi, won), ar riten bcskl* dhe kon-aonanW stroke; (b) tui relat-ed soundz, in sum kusez, hav- ing but wirn eln. (c) In dhe folding tabel, dhe Toa-elr, eu., ar pl&st bl an up-rit strok, 6r lefer Te,tn enAdhar respekt-iv plaaez, namli, op-ozitdhe btgining. midel, <\r end ov a konaonant-etrdk. I I •! I J | e 1 aore e or e a or a a or a w6 wl wa, wsb we, wo wa, wa wa,wa 'I "I -I -! J J ye yl ya, yae ye, ye ya, ya ya, ya "I "! -T~-i J J 3 or 6 o 6 or o u uz u 'I 'I >l 'I J J wo, wd wo wo, wq wn wca wi» 1 1 -I -I J .1 •i ~ . -, 7 r •r boll b»>a tou'el pou-er ku sw6t swlch swad v- - — / ,l ,1 ^ -r ■r •— * dwel wok woch wind wud yer Yal yei yam ">i <: — ■ ^ x H r 1 X ydr yon ytmg yrnth ynnTt* twij wid •dp *\ • o .dz ot modifiing dhe prf-maxl kooaonant-Btrflks tu form gnnp-konsonant sins : L BI an Imsh-al IIuk. L Tu ad I ; dhus : \ Pel, c Kel, ^_ Fel, ( TheL, ^J Shel, 5^ supll-, '^ sItU, * — a'-keL L Ta ad f ; dhus : <\ «= — ■ ^ *) J namd Per Ker Fer Ther 8her ^ ^ ^ A ^ 1 V <)- ^ Mer Ner ; df er fr<3 gln-er flfer tre rtro destrot ... 2 J *, X \ extronr sister disaster skrap subskrTb deskrfb dle&grfi- spra Jasper expres stupor etajcr 14 THJ OCTLIKt 8. Ta prefix- in, m, tin, or #n ta B per, BtAr, and a ft udher stax; dhus: A- (namd In-8p6r-Bel) Inseparabel, v \ inskrfb, d— - unskrn, V^S (namd In-81a-Bel) insol-ynbel, ^/T unsSmlL, ^*\_ enalav. IL BI a Rxal Hua. L 3nu>l, tu ad / or c tn strat Una, and n ta stral and kunr Una ; dhua : Xj ^ — ^ — r^> y\ puf pun kiv kin rd? •C S. ^ ^ ^ X > *v ron br£f bran blcf blon etrtf etran prom v* \ J- / -i J d- tk6ts pena tens chans kana den* kondensez j X ^ ^ ~*» C «"» kondeost punster man fldn froon Una mint prordk* defen*' punish furnish finish. i. Ldrj, tn ad tie to strftt Una, and Aon ta rtriU and kurv Una; dhua: Ny \^ \$ kombaflT pashon paahocti operatira opera sh on provoka-shon prorok-atiT mo*shon fash-onx aluthon 3. Smol (namd Eshon), ta ad thon ta a serkeL, TBB OUTLINB. Id hap, or Ef-hook ; dhoa : j: deslxhon, % % ^ X penwi'ihon poieatvoni flxithanj tranaiihon Y "V lr*> traiMiah'onal konver&ashona] adminifltrfi-ahon L. Li dlrlzh-on dev6-shon. III. Bl WIOKNOIG, Or Em 6nl1, to ad p or 6 ; dhva, ^— v , namd Emb or Emp ; dhtrs : ^. lamp, =r *\^^ s rwdmp, impoz' Impostor embex'ol htmvbrg ambiah*on impJin'. IT. Bl LaxoTHXHiNS : 1, Or Ing, tn ad kr or gr ; dhut: \ ^ ^ , thinker, " ^j ank'ord, ^ ±^ aimgger, ldngger. '%. Or eni udher kirrr, ta ad fr, dr, ttr, or cftr; daw: /* tater, ^ y winter, \~>c alolerd, / aider, 16 Tff» OtnXIKB. mudher, \ . fidher, •*" y nMher, / r ^- L ^\ renderd, \ modern. V. BI SHdETiioNo (or haying): 1. Tn ad edher t or d, (1) enl rahukt konaonant- itrok (eksept El, La, Em, En, Ar, Ing, Wa, Yi, Emp);dhus: \; \ — J^ \^ pat or pad bSdorbet get void bout u v.. r -p A '^ s* doot fat or fad tot stated rapid wisdom hated H I; ^i trSfed d&ted frtted. (2) Enl hnkt konsonant-«trok ; dhin : <\» prat or pr&d, ^ drtd, V_ trtt or trtd, s» plftt or plad, *-* wtnd, ^ went, '* weld, ^ wdrt or wdrd, I" drift, V kontrfrd, >£ pint or pind, \ bent or bend, -^ gand, ^* And, \£ pft-»hent, ^ an then t, » drifts, '*• komplants, | sta'denta. i. Dhe kcTY-Blm for L, r, m, », tu ad I when Bt, and d when mad taevi; dims; (i lat, ^~ loud, 7^ art, -^ erd, ^ met, /7s mod, ^ ■ft, tent, ,w nSd, "^^ indlkit, ^. tro- donted, '■"V mldTiIt. Kntered aceordiug 10 Act of Congress, in the year 1869, BY ANDREW J. GRAHAM, Id the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States, for the Southern District of New York. NEW AXD IMPKOVED EDITION. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1879, BY ANDREW J. GRAHAM, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. NEW AND MINIATURE EDITION. Intered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1832, BY ANDREW J. GRAHAM, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. D. C. J^EADING- JrXERCISES. On 51 of &e "Outline." fl.Xxx LL ^^ ll ( ( > f//JJ ry^r/s. — Q-.Jrrs. . * 2. \\ ii // ijl« »jj - ^ r _0n §2 3-.«-^A__L_.L Hr -^..^l ^.AA\ ? U^ /-."? ^ A 'n 2- v fnw n ^ X< U- ^ x to v / a x fa I — e . rl~^^ /A i /,_ On | 3 4.*.\A i r tf-*^- /o/Ss a. \N>V- [> / K ^Tees-Hay V_-\ -X y x\ A X'Eays-Hay - ~\--V^ tVA^^^ .^xi , U^ C ^n W-*— ~— n ^r^^^^V^ ; K-_ s _- r 1 SanoWNdWi \\\ _* _D _= -^_£> —

o Q__ Q — aU^lr^rrroTV _d x h> r ^ @k®^ x On ^ 4. 6. Dot^Vowels.'l r -1 IO j ;*l / j , -r ^ ^.-^ )■•). Ji/jrrr r r r r r r x x x S ' S /' XX, Z7.-^_ _^X^-^ 7. Dash-Vowels. ~l l"-t 1- 1- A J ; 1 -) L ; y*r c ^ / X X ^< ; rr_ - (ri ^ ^ x ."Ci ^^ ^ x 8. V ■! ex, .v.x. n,^ ^ _ enj )* x X * v IH x °.(hh ) rx , / \ 'o 9 9. Diphthongs. a. ¥ l l v "\ ^ ^- V ) T J V ; G X X < i -^- -^ ->c. V X i. r r \ -, >r S s? et_ fcf: x c.J L V U7i; r ^ /• _x * L« 1-3 10. W with aYorel C ... c .c C ..f.r..^.^ 3 11. Y with a Vowel. I.V..vT._ u . ll^.?.o 12. W with a Diphthong. H . n | -il 1 I \ K lo. Y with, a Dxplrth.ong. I \ *t\ £_s /-* ( Hon-eoye) ^ =Tuiao-u • % r» ' i ....\ bey^ond) « x i y x 10. A consonant-sign whichrs no J „ to he prori.on.nce3 ,hut -which is used, merely- to show the place of a vowel, shonld. he canceled. — (a) Either- hy striking- an oblique lire thro-aprh. at : >e, la,i.EaTa. 6 Q>.) Or "by -writing llie "vowel-sign, i£ a clash. , thro-agli-it : Taa,Tu., J_oo. l6.f S it,i^t,-i-r-p-ia ■//•/•/ _^_ a^ ^ *- ^l. rr~ r rr D O v sj_^ Q_L^ .^J^ <^L"__. ■, \.V\o V W 17. k^ n.!.— N ..-/. On$i6. 22. a. -\ -i S-.r ^^ "\1 2. -S = ^ "^' =^* VWV" 23. . i \ . v ■■/ , . v -r , ^ • ^ , ° <^^r> \ As , v \> , -^"'-N. , V°, ••r 5 . "S\ . (ana) / (who) ^L0t? On §7,1,1. El-Hbok* 24.W fi // ^ ^.CC.^r — \ r . ^_^. c— v v* ^^ r ^-- w . 2 6. \ \ "N On ^7, 1, 2. At -Hook. 30 ■v t 6 31.\\v\ ^ r-T-~1,v o (ta.) ■)' "*\ "\. t> x • ^/ r° J~, V,',n, , \, =— — , <^j 31- > J fetc.= et cetera) x ,r^ , ') '►- -'^1, 33. °\°\ n ; / ^- c- °\°\ °1 S ? ? o- o- X\ 11 / / „- — 4 V^ -V\ t* t- < 34. J; ~x A\\n V- 35.^ V J C V V^ *S - o3 <0 >2_x ' UO. V- ~^ written v read "between. io consonants . El ' "', Ax li ^^"^ \ ^i^—. iots v I- . "be- fore " _± ^ V. " y ° C after I "V. " va ° short ; . \ pnttmg . y A Yy ) s ; . \ writing other V . ^ - tiiP k^ ^~~ S sfl^-J^ / En-HooJc . 41. \\ J J /«/ =^^V~^LCC 42 \ \\ ^ X \ ^ ^ t \ % \ % J- J- 3-.j-3.y- _^.^ 43. 0^ ^ ^ k ^ $ ^ ^ r r -vVS ^t^pv-o" c > J J 44._ „ h ' i^? ^-\^^. V -=.-^ n * \ ' \. l n *-* x % 45.\ N b\\\\\JJ//=:/ / ^aVo (9(9 e) e) e/ v_2> "^ & 46.JJ- jj. y-y/o/yv A \ \ ^. 47. ^ 'l^y^y ^s C^ ^J ^ fiT^S On \7, II., 1. SlioxL-Hoo"k. 48.'\j\» L I ^ 6~ 49/V\T\^\5\ 3 b ■& if- LXlpL^^^s? jr^vrt, b e^ ? ' X> -_Q .<^p"b - u p , ^o io ^^ ^3^cv3 vJP^P-rV^S Try-Hook. 50. \» V- 1- f-,7 •--, ^^^.^V^ti,*-^ EsllOTL-Hoolv. 5l.\U_ /^ V, C) ^ \ 1 / -^ _^ y> c 52. ^X \ i |^_*.^ V -" '^^^1=^ 53. K^\r^.:^- U A W t, . x -^v x >*°'\ °X ^ -^^°\/- ri ^' V? 54. e 7,111 Emj.Emt. Vk u. 'V improve. improved, improvement , rmpor- tarrt-ce , ^- imrpassible-ildty . On ^7, IV. Lengthening J U . ^^rr^_ inker , s > STrf^l i ■ T~ C_ O 57. Tr aided V^_ (' * ) 38- Dr added. 59. Thr added. 60. Dhr added .14- On §7, A". Sliortem 61. /rVr. ICC: V *• r V „C r/r: ? 7 v> "^ ^ ^ -^ .r~ _c ^ ^v a ^•^• w / v -' ' w ' w £T.w w _ n ^ y- c 8 r* ^ --> •- Q^ ^_^ — " T a 5..\ \ \A^._\ \ .1 xvJ :..:. i- i '- 1. /;..Ll.£. .- " ..^r.V..?-_.v5. ^ ' >. J ; * £__\5 <_.*_* rjL - • — r 3 ^ - £ • •> . • *--■> ^ _£T r ^_^!..e. ^ - ' Vi5 /^ /°- X- ■ ** ^ X 63. D aiie^L. ^ jt 5„>^i _■ ^ i- 1 ^"o_ I7..T r._^ "t? 5- 4_*^r_.c_>^- ¥1 *> ^_±. v i.*.* ___ ^ri >a v"3 O ' - o j) Is ^ V ^ <* j?L W^ X 64 ._£__C! a ■=> tf. \ NoA ^_ ^ \/ So__^_ .°^_ ^ -o -^ \s O; v.5 . C 9 ^3, -^r» x OrL ^8-14.- -Expedients. 65 . \-if-S*r; j N-S^S ' ,r . v ) c C i o^ s bLo J/f r >" . " w, X" t ^ ; ^ T-Jj. 1, 3- H c. -w-\ ~\c spaMlily i J^ -\— ^ v^ "^"y, "-v. v-.- ~) X 67 [' <5'12] r-s ^V >* \; 5-' v L^ v^" ^ ^_. X \X_ -/ ^ -o 68 [' ?jl3J ' \ ^—W-- ; ^-^/ts, i _;i_.-x... ; .X_ 69 ■c &!*•] -,.....=• an cL a-xL j ..= = anl "Hie ,-N. _*3,_ .. .. x .. ^toxa-Ti,-... 1 ^- £.- ...Ll n is ,it ~kas , j^-u~ o.n a-r l , on ttie-L .^f-tlaai ar.e , u. -tney m ay , f^L_-we are, ~~ v r^~ •v = - S- L6 J-JlKle TJlTTlgS. 1 .. ±y., ;-^r> <±-s , ^_ *1 J -, \_> r- x ■ c-' -£- ^ ' ^_ -n- i ~--'V J^P.K- s *5r/.. , .rTs s r\. , Miniature STANDARD-PHONOGRAPHIC WRITING EXERCISES. BEING A KEY READING EXERCISES THE LITTLE TEACHER. ANDREW J. GRAHAM, AUTHOK AND PUBLISHER, New- York. Entered according! to Act of Congress, in the year 1882, by Andbew J. Graham, in the Office of the Libra- rian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. Miniature Sebies, WRITING EXERCISES: A KEY TO THE BEADING EXERCISES OF THE LITTLE TEACHER. On § J of The Outline. ^j 1. [Write the following named letters.] Pee, Bee, Ef, Vee, Ar, Way, Tee, Dee, Ith, Dhee, Es, Zee, Chay, Jay, Ish, Zhay, El, Yay, Ray, Hay, Kay, Gay, Em, En, Ing, Iss, Weh, Wuh, Yeh, Yuh. 2 [Downward:] Pee, Bee, Tee, Dee, Chay, Jay, Ef, Vee, Ith. Dhee, Es, Zee, Ish, Zhay, Ar, Way, Yay. [Upward:] Lay, Ray, Hay. [Horizontal:] Kay, Gray, Em, En Ing. On § 2. 3. a. Pee-Kay, Bee-Kay, Tee-Pee, Dee-Dee, Dee-Tee Tee-Dee, Kay-Pee, Kav-Dee b. Bee-Ith, Bee-Em. Dee-Vee, Dee-Ef, Dee- En, Tee-En. Bee-En, Bee-Ino-, Lav-Kay, Ill- Gay, Vee-Kay, Kav-Ar, Ef-Gay, Gay-Ar, Ieh- Dee, Ea-B-.'e, En-Jay, Em-Bee. Em-Jay, Dee- Em, Jay-Em. Em-Chay, Shay-Dee, Dee-Shav, Bee-Ish. Ish-Kay, c. Ef-Ar, Vee-Ar, Shay-Lay. Lay-Ar, Ef- Shay, Lay-Es. Em-En, Em-Ing. En-Em, Es-Ith, Em-Lay, Ar-Em, Em -Em, En-Zhay, En-El, •'-252 45: 4 WBIX1NG EXEBCISES. Av-Lay, Ef-Em, Ef-El, Ish-Ar, Way-Lay, Lay- Way, En-Vee, En-Ith-Ing, d. [Write the following, for the present writing the vowels with longhand letters:] My fur cap. Pale ink. Long time. Do no wrong. Lame dog. e. Wei, Wem, Wen, Wer; Weh-Pee, Web- fee, Weh-Chay, Wuh-Kay, Weh-Ef, Wuh-Ing, /. Yeh-Pee, Yeh-Tee, Yeh-Chay, Yeh-Kay, Yuh-Kay Yeh-Ef, Yuh-Lay, Yuh-Em, Yeh- En, Yuh-Ray. On §3. 4. o. Pees. Iss - Fee, Tees, Iss-Tee. Chays, Iss-Chay. Kavs, Iss-Kay , Rays, Iss-Ray, Hays, Iss-Hay, Efs, 'Sef, Iths, Iss-Iih, Es-Iss, Iss-Es, Ish-Iss, Iss-Ish. Lays, Slay, Iss-Ar, Ar-Iss, Serns, bens, Sways, Yays, b. Pees-Pee, Pees-Tee, Fees-Kay. Tees-Tee, Tees-Chay, Tees - Ray, Tees-Hay, Kays-Kay, Kays- Pee. Kays- Kay, Kays - Ray, Rays-Pee, Kays-Tee, Ravs-Hav; Pees-Vee, Pees-Em, Tees- Ef, Tees-Ar* Chavs-El. Chays-Ar, Kavs-Ef, Kays-Lay, Rays-Ef, Rays-Lay; Efs-En, Efe-El, Efs-Lay-Tee, Efs-Em, Ens-En, Ens-Em, Ens- Lay-Dee, Ems-Em, Ems-En, Ems-Yee, Ems- Ith; desk, cask, castle, fasten, 5. Pees, Peeses, Peest, Peester, Peeses-Iss. Peests, Peesters, Spee, Steh-Pee. Ses-Pee, Kays, Kayses, Kayst, Kayster, Kayses-I-s, Kaysts. Kavsters, Skay, Ses-Kay, Steh-Kay, Efs, Erses, El'st. Efster, Sef, Ses-Ef, Steh-Ef, Lays, Layses. Layst, Layster, Slay, Sess-Lay, Steh-Lay. Pass, cases, boast, boaster, soul, store, system, Cassar. On § 4. 6. Dot- Vowels. Eat, tea, ate, day, are, shah; WRITING EXERCISES. 5 It, etch, at; eighty, Erie, era, air, airy, essay, Asa, ashy; eel, ill, ale, ell, lay, la, Allah, allay, Ella, ree, ray, rah, he, hay, ha, ah, eh; eke, key, ache, kay, e'en, knee, nay, me, aim, may, ma, Emma, Anna, Annie, Amy, Ing, Eng. 7. Dash-Yowels. Awed, daw, ode, dough, do, shoe; odd, us, to; all, law, low, raw, roe, haw, hoe; caw, Coe, coo, gnaw, know, noo, maw, mow, moo. 8. He ate the eel. Show me the way. He may go and see. He saw no key. His ear aches. Do you know his name ? 9. Diphthongs, a. Eyed, die, pie, huy, vie, eyes, sigh, shy; lie, isle, rye, high; my, mice, nigh, nice, sign. b. Toy, joy, hoy; oil, Royce, ahoy; coy, an- noy. c. Out, Dow, bow, vow, our; owl, allow, row, house, cow, now, mow, ounce. d. Due, pew, chew, view; lieu rue, Hugh; cue. mew, muse, new, news. e. See my new toy house. I see it. Mice are shy. The boy annoys our cow. How do yi u d > ? jo. W with a Vowel We. wa, wa, wi, we, wa, wau, wo, woo, wo.wu, woo. Weep, wait, sweet, Swede, swayed, sweat, thwack; walk, watch, woke, wooed, wood, 11. Y with a Vowel. Ye, ya, ya. yi, ye, ya, yau, yo. yoo, yo, yu. y65. Year, Yale, yell, yam: yawn, yon, young, youth, unite=y56nlt. 12. W with a Diphthong. WI, woi, wou, wide, twice, buoy. 13. Y with a Diphthong. YI, yoi, yow, genii, Honeoye, miaou. 14. What would you do if we were not yet 6 "WHITING EXEBCISKS. up with you or beyond you ? What say ye f [The dut-liiie consonants are made so, to show that they may be omitted.] 15 See rule in the engraving as to cancel- ing a sign not to be pronounced, to serve to show the place of a vowel. Such a sign is called a nominal consonant. 16. Sit, wit. ate. sate, state, wait, Yates, age, sage, stage, wage, ache, sake, stake, wake, yoke, ail, sail, stale, wail, Yale, aim, same, stem, Wem. yam, own, sown, stony, won, yon, sor- ry, story, wore, swore, yarrow; pa, pass, passes, past, pastor, pastors, ease, cases, cast, casts, castor, castors, lay, lace, laces, laced, luster, ray. race, races, raced, roaster, hay, haze, haste, Hester. 17. System. Caesar, Cicero, disease, exist? resist, saucer. Sizer, Susan, dissuasive, necessary, possess, possessed, possessive, possessor. 18. We should take one step at a time. Study the best style, in all cases, said the pas- tor, last week. Resist disease in season, said Caesar, Cicero or some one else. 19 VOWBIS BETWEEN STROKES. ALL FlUST- Place and LONG Second Place vowels are writ- ten after the first stroke; alt OTHER vowels are written before the second stroke. Examples: Beam, dim. king. time, boil, dodge, tweak, quick;— page, both. maim, quake, quoth; — deck, tongue, dwell, keg. pack, book, tomb, cowl, tube, thwack, quack, slack 20. Word- Positions. Words composed of horizontal consonants are written above the line when the only or accented vowel is first- place; otherwise, on the line. Examples: Key, WHITING EXEECISES. 7 annoy, quick, squaw, yawn, wine; Kay. gay, sake, quake, woke, wax, quack, cow, cue. 21. Words having a full-length stroke not horizontal should have the first such stroke rest on the line of writing. Examples: Peak, peep, pity, keep, catch, rock, alike, like, alum, lime, memory, cactus, rare, rarer. On §6. 22. a. Heap, hate, hack, heal, hair, hem, hop, hot, hall, home, hire, hush. b. Whiz, whey, awhile. c. Whip, whif, whig, whack, white. d. Wheel, whale, whir, whirl, whence, whine, whim. e. Hoe, hay, haste, ahead, haughty, ho- ly, hasten, ah. 23. A white hut, half hid by a huge hedge, on a high hill, by the highway, is Hugh Hoyle'3 happy home whence he hies to hawk hams, hats, hoes, honey, hooks, hops, horse whips, whistles, wheels, whey, and who knows what not ? On §7, I., 1. El-Hook. 24. Pel. Bel, Tel, Del, Chel, Jel, Kel, Gel, Fel, Vel, The), Dhel, Shel, Zhel, Yel, plea, ap- ple, apply, able, blow, idle, addle, huddle, hatchel, claw, eagle, higgle, glow, clue, glue, awful, flaw, flea, fly, flow, flew, evil, oval. 25. Please. place, places, plum, blame, claws, classes, cloister, clip, clock, claim, gloom, flows, flame, fling. 26. People, pupil, employ, bible, feeble, ami- able, liable, noble, total, paddle, model, shut- tle, Mitchell, pickle, bugle, tackle, shackle, likely, local, legal, uncle, angle, weekly, bevel, baffle, youthful, apishly, bushel, initial, rashly. 8 WETTING EXEBCIs£S. 27. Spel, Iss-Tel. Iss-Chel, Skel, Iss-Fel, Iss-Thel, Iss-iShel. Supply, sable, settle, sad- dle, satchel, sickle, sickly, civil, safely, peace- able, feasible, peaceful, blissful, physical, phthis- ical, classical. 28. The clock clicks off the flying time which idle people are deeply pleased to rashly waste in sickly tattle. On §7, I., 2. Ai-Hook. 29. Per, Ber, Ter, Der, Cher. Jer. Ker, Ger, Fer, Ver, Ther, Dher, Sher, Zher, Mer, Ner, pray, bray, eater, tree, draw, hatter, acre, crow, crew, eager, agree, free, offer, fry, affray, over, ether, three, throw, threw, through, hither, either, wisher, usher, azure, Homer, hammer, humor, inner, honor, owner. 30. Price, praise, prop, prowl, prairie, primet trace, traces, trip, drop, trim, drili, drearyi cries, grace, group, crook, crayon, crawl, crashi crime, freeze, frame, fresh. Africa, authors* thrice, thrill, thrush, throng, ushers, shiiek, Bhrug. 31. Paper, fibre, neighbor, robber, daugh- ter, entry, Andrew, pitcher, major, baker, maker, meager, fifer, fever, mover, bather, feathery, Jethro. fisher, measure, palmer, dimmer, rumor, banner, dinner. 32. Frogs and crows croak. The baker's daughter has three very pretty di esses. The grocer sells sugar, brooms, brushes, pepper, crackers, ginger, treacle, etcetera. Homer, the author of the Iliad, traces therein tin- grievous trials and the dreary and prolonged troubles of the Greeks until their triumph over Priam aud Troy. ■WHITING EXERCISES. 3 33. lss-Per, Iss-Ber, Iss-Ter, Iss-Der, Iss- Cher, Iss-Jer, Iss-Ker, Iss-Ger, bes-Per, Ses-Ber, Ses-Ter, Ses-Der, Ses-Cher, Ses-Jer, Ses-Ker, Ses-Ger, Steh-Per, yteh-Ber, Steh-Ter, Steh- Der, Steh-Cher, Steh-Jer, Steh-Ker, Steh-Ger. Spry, spray, sober, straw, stray, cedar, seeker, sacker, sister, stupor, stutter, stouter, stitcher, stager, stocker, stagger, supreme, strike, string, scribe, scream, destroy, disaster, prosper, exe- crable, subscribe, disagree, tasker, Jasper. 34. Day - spring, express, lisper, whisper, pastry, extra, shoe-striug, mystery, massacre, besieger. 32. Iss-Fer, Iss-Ther, Iss-Sher, Iss-Mer, Iss- Ner, passover, atmosphere, hemisphere, sinner, sooner, listener, prisoner, gossamer. 35. Vowels are written to read between the consonants of an El or Ar hook sign by making dots into a small circle, placed before the hook- sign if the vowel is long, after it if the vowel is short; and by putting a vowel-dash through the sign; and by writing other vowel-signs through the hook-sign, or at the beginning if first place, at the end if third place; thus: feel, fail, till, fell, appear, share, term, charm, fall, follow, form, church, fool, qualify, figure, pro- cure, guile. 37. A strong string. Succor the distressed. The careless scribe scratches and scrawls strokes scarcely legible. Cedars and cypresses strew the shores of the strange stream. On §7. 1,3. In-Hook. 38. The In-hook is used where initial in, en, un and on cannot be conveniently written with 4 En:' In-Sper, Ins-Ber, In - Ster, Ins-Der, Ins-Cher, 10 WRITING EXERCISES. Ins-Jer, In-Sker, Ius-Ger; In-Slav, In-Sem, In- Sar, Iu-Ses, Ins-Ish; Ins-Tel, Ius-Fel; insepa- rable, insuppressed, instructor, unstring, in- scribe, unscrew; enslave, unseemly, unsur- mised, unsociable, uuswayable; unsettle, un- civil. On §7, II., 1. Ef-Hook. 39. Pef, Bef, Tef, Def, Chef, Jef, Kef, Gef, Eef, Hef, Telf, Tref, Stref In-Stref; puff, buff, tough, chaff, cough, roof, hoof, belief, brief, Btutf. trough, strife, cliff, scarf, surf; pave, prove, brave, stove, dove, strife, drove, achieve, J^ve, cave, gave, clove, grieve, grave, rave, ar- rive, serve, heave, hive, behave; puffs, proves, stoves, groves, droves, coughs, caves, cliffs, cloves, scofls. 40. Prefer, proffer, braver, profane, prov- ince, traffic, driver, defense, divine, roughly, river, arrival, cover, giver, heaver. En -Hook. 41. Pen, Ben, Ten, Den, Chen, Jen, Ken, Gen, Ren, Hen, Fen, Yen, Then, Dhen, Es en, Zen, Sben, Zhen, Len, Arn, Men, Nen, Ingen, Wayn, Yayn. 42. Pin, spin, plain, sprain, weapon, bone, blown, brain, pawn, pine, ppine, plan, bran tone, stain, strain, attain, drown, chain, can, clean, grain, waken, keen, cane, roan, serene, sworn, hone, hewn, hen. 43. Fin, vain, heaven, seven, woven, flown, frown, sign, shown, lane, slain, woolen, urn, earn, concern, main, mean, Simon, woman, •wain, thin, thrown, shine, shrine. 44. Can you open the door? Frown upon every mean plan of gaining wealth. Upon what plan do you mean to proceed with this fine WRITENG EXERCISES. 11 work ? A poor weapon is often worse than none. The woman has spun and woven seven fine, thin, brown, woolen dresses. 45. Pens, Penses, Penst, Pensts, Penster, Pensters, Bens, Tens, Dens, Chens, Jens, Kens, Gens, Reus, Hens, Feus. Yens, Thens, Dhens, Sens, Zens, Shens, Zhens. Lens, Arns, Mens, Nens, Ing-ens, Wayns, Yayns. 46. Den, dens, danced, dances, chain, chance, chanced, chances, juin, joins, pun. puns, pun- sters, coins, caust, Kansas, glance, glanced, glances, rinse, rinsed, rinses; Tonson, Johnson; ransom, gainsaid, organism; fines, vines, thins, thence, assigns, shines, lines, earns, man's France, thrones, shrines, ignorance. 47. Gainsay, turnkey, millennium, pecuni- ary, keen-eyed, gunnery, openness, furnish, French, thinness, finish, lonesome, lonely, nuu- nery. On § 7, II., 1. Shon-Hook. 48. Peeshon, Beeshon, Teeshon, Deeshon, Chayshon, Jayshon, Kayshon, Gayshon, Ray- shon, Hayshon, Efshon, Yeeshon, Itlrshon, Dheeshon, Esshon, Zeeshon, Ishshon, Zhay- shon, Layshon, Arshon, Emshon, Enshon, Ing- shon, Wayshon, Yayshon. 49. Option, optional, passion, passions, pa- tience, condition, additions, auction, auction- eer, occasions, occasional, ration, rational, Hes- sian, additional, operation, derision, duration, creation, Grecian, completion, conclusion, con- secration, consideration, execration; vision- visions, visionary, allusion, oration, motions, nation, unction, sanction, missionary, version. 12 WRITING EXERCISES. Tiv-Hook. 50. Combative, combativeness, dative, seda* tive, active, activity, connectives, affective, creative, negative, fugitive, comparative, op- erative, instructive, collective. Eshon-Hook. 51. Peeseshon, TVeseshon, Chayseshon, Kays- esbon, Rayseshon, Efseshon, Ithseshon, Es-Iss- eshon, Enseshon, Penseshon, Tenseshon, C'hens- eshon, Kenseshon, Kefeshon, Keneshon, Ren- eshon, etc. 52 Opposition, possesion, decision, dissua- sion, acquisition, accession, rescision, recession, physician, physicians, association, authoriza- tion, transition, transitional, conversational, sensational; division, profession, professional, devotion, diffusion. 53. It is optional with the physician; some have taken a position the very opposite. His position is rational and effective. The profes- sion is comparatively lucrative. His conver- sation is instructive though sensational. The association is active and combative. What does he say of the musician's devotion to his pro- fession, and what was the decision as to com- pensation ? On § 7, III. Emp, Emb. 54. Emp. Imp, Emp, pump, bump, damp, jump, camp, thump, shampoo, lump, lamp, swamp, plump, primp, tramp, clamp, cramp, scamp, impose, imposed, imposition, impostor, impugn, impatience, impute, impede, impeach, impel, empire, umpire, empress, emperor, sam- ple, example, ensample, Emp' 2 =improve, im- WRITING EXERCISES. 13 proved, improvement, Emp'=important, im- portance, Emps 1 =impossihle-bility. 55 Emb — Emboss, imbue, embody, some* 'body, steamboat, ambush, ambitious, ambigu- ous, embellish, embezzle, bamboo, bamboozle, embarrass. On §7, IV. Lengthening. 56 Inker, anker, sinker, winker, banker, drinker, canker, thinker; hunger, younger, stronger, finger, longer. 57. Tr added. — Fetter, voter, theater, Easter, shutter, letter, later, alter, alteration, Wal- ter, psalter, meter, matter, enter, niter, cen- ter, water, waiter, embitter, embittered. 58. Dr added.— Fodder, shudder, leader, lad- der, louder, elder, older, order, ardor, madder, moderate, moderation, modern, tender, candor, render, rendered, wonder, wider. 59. Thr added— Luther, Arthur. 60. Dhradded.— Feather, father, thither, Dhee- (yu)dber=the other, leather, lather, wither, weather, whether, neither, another, mother, northern. On §7, V. Shortening. 61. Late, laid, light, lied, halt, laud, old, load, held, hold, oiled, lad, loud, art, heart, hard, hurt, erred, herd, aired, hired, meat, meed, mate, made, mat. mad. moat mode, mid, hemmed, aimed, neat, need, knot, nod, naught, gnawed, note, node, ant, band, slight, slide, styled, sold, sealed, sort, sword, soured, smite, seemed, sent, send, sound; muzzled, whistled. 62 T added — Peat, pate, apt, pout, beat, bait, habit, bought, boat. boot, taught, tight, date, debt, dot, doubt, cheat, etched, chat, jot, caught, quit, quite, coat, act, got, gait, get, feet, WRITING EXERCISES. fit, fought, oft, fight, fate, font, east, highest, shot, shoot, shut; operate, plot, puffed, point, patieut, blot, bright, bent, delight, trite, tuff, taint, chant, clot, colt, court, greet, coughed, gift. cant, quotient, fleet, freight, faint, ath- lete, threat, short, shant, wilt, lent, wart, war- rant, mint, meant, mount, impatient, want, annoint. ancient, rent. rant, rati, heft, baft. 68. D added.— Paid, pawed, head, bed, tied, died, did, chawed, jawed, <:•■ de goad, teed, VOid, thawed, eased, shod, shade, plead, bleed, huddled, child, prayed, braid, trade, dread, clawed, clad, cried, creed, fled, afraid, thread, shroud, wield, yield, ward, warned, word, ham- mered, wind, honored, band, dined, joined, find, assigned, lend, around, mind, mend, im- pend, impassioned, sanctioned, cautioned, occa- ; . cushioned, fashioned, motioned, planned, bland, trained, friend, shrined, negatived. 64. Lights, leads, hearts, mates, needs; pouts, beats, habits, boots, gets, lights, votes, operates, blots, tufts, tints, paints, counts, quotients, patients, ancients; bids, feeds, shades, pleads, bleeds, child's, threads, shrouds, yields, words, winds, bends, bounds; finds, lends, mends, impends On § 8-14. -Expedients. 65. For a Complete List of Word-Signs and contractions of the corresponding style, see " The Correspondent's List of Word-Signs and Contractions," uniform in style and size with this little book. 86. [On §11]. Tempt, camped, thumped, limit, stamped, prompt, exemption, consump- tion; auxious, distinction, function; mostly, tasteless, restless, postpaid, post-office, post- WRITING EXERCISES. la pone, testament, destitute, adjustable; demon- strate, identical, transaction, transient, trans- late, translation, transpose; Kay-Bel-=capable, Kay :Bee 2 =capability ; describe, subscribe, trans- cribe, transcription, En-Veeseshon 2 =anvestiga- tion. 67. [On § 12 ] Capital, artless, undoubted, possible; length, among, beautiful, distinc- tion, necessary, always, certain, better, con- siderable, superior, memory, sufficient, inten- tion. 68. [On § 13] The loss of the money; one of the most; the words of the text; shall have been, must bin-.' been, cannot have done, cannot have been; by and by, Chetoid-Ter 2 -Ray=on the contrary. "69 [On § 14]. Ketoid 2 -Tetoid=and a-n, Ket- bid 2 -Chetoid==and the, are you, can be, cannot be, could be, could not be, Et--Tetoid=for a-n; for the, Petoid 1 -Lay=I will, Tees 2 =it is, it has; it has been, it must be, of course, Retoid ! -Tet- bid=on a-n, Retoid 1 -Chetoid=on the, there can be. Dheti-Ray=that are, Dhee 2 -Em=they may, Wer 1 =we are; you may, you can, Yuh 2 * Vce=you have. LITTLE THINGS. [Page 16.] Little drops of water, Little grains of sand, Make the mighty ocean, And the pleasaut land. Thus the little minutes, Humble though they be, WETTING KXEBCISES, Make tne mighty ages Of eternity. Thus our little errors Lead thn soul away, From the path of virtue, Off in sin to stray. Little deeds of kindness, Little words of love, Make our earth an Eden, Like the heaven above. CORRESPONDENT'S LIST OF WORD - SIGNS AND CONTRACTIONS OF STANDARD PHONOGRAPHY. BY ANDREW J. GRAHAM. Entered according to Act c. Congress, in the year 1869, BY ANDREW J. GRAHAM, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States, for the Southern District cf New York. NEW AXD IMPROVED EDITION. Enter Act "f Congress, in the year 1879, BY ANDREW J. GRAHAM, ingress at Washington, D. C. NEW AND MINIATURE EDITION. Butered according to Act of Congress, in the year 188*2, BY ANDREW J. GRAHAM, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, J>. C. 8 A all \ a. Hancl-Book, §71, 114 able .„_ all h-is all its \ ablt r almost V ablest o also 5- about > all the above. - according "l~. o although always '... oxT!. alone already -^ ', •', - 1/ ^ — j,... accounted ■'^ am not. .777... acknov 1 U : 114 ■ i — and a-n rz. and but / / advantage and h-as and h-is v.... ...~r and sho ^_ after •- "7 and the ^> after the — afterward again any anybody 4 _. anywhere > a war ;c ;■ " . - : - _ ~ | ^ -i ' are you a*pa S V U -7-r i - / ...-."_. ^ y are not • 102 who are not R. yon are not \ be ■a 253 M a-n ^ being L--: as h-is (has) become as if \ been /a as the \ - £^ - ] \ be not ._>„_. ■ if beyond • as it has as it weald . bnt bnt a-n - as not bnt tbe astonish-ed-m't at by a-n at all \ u aware bicii - c. -^, . 1 not . =aii D. r.. mallei 1 » I ' dear friend " — V can be k j dear sir .. canity L \iearer ZJ 4 ii- : feral TX .-.L . ' I :r.' did cannc: J did not difier-ed-ent-ce Z2s ■■giWn j -- diffi: ■_ E — SBBDB >- ■::.'■:_: - «r- . MB : - 1 do c-^a L do you =— « :-•_• . ■.-.'.- 1 '•'•.- c— C ."arelt«jn«i i — ■ MB j common j »m» owr -j— krvn — ™ .-vmm^necf -i- conimonly during a-n — could 6 II. '? fewer / each either first _^r^. entire . the first ^-r C " <=— equal-Iy ^ for the C equaled v_ for you establish - ed - ment evcu for your forever forward ^T every ^\ from ^ everything ^ from his *V •vay ^v from the c ^ vhere ^ from you -\ heard *j~ __Y. her, here o hers-elf H. V high -|" had higher ■— J - had b y..-. had not i ° :. r. l. \^_p highness V o een him > s~~i> himself V has it 1) ii has it not o O 2, R. S. his is (has) 1 has not _N hope 8 -\— hoped .^r... I understand how JJL_ I was -^~ however I will I wish v I. 103 V b 3 or ... I would .r^_ I am V if rr.. lean V if a-n 3 I did not "^ if the _i_ I do .V... if it -1 - I do not I had if its, if it is (has) if it is (has) not ...4... I had not _Sl„ if it were L I have. Jul I hear I have I have been I hope l>— ' I have not frr__ I know *-s imruediate-ly I may ^~y_ important-ce N ^" I might ^?. impossible I must . ility I see impossibilities • I shall -^-_ improve-d-m't :„< ... I think ...... ! in '.* 5! M _2_ in a-n inasmuch in his in me (my) in such in that in the in these in this , in those J in thr. 211 in which inconsistent inconsistency iudisrriminate- ion indispensable-y influence influential-ly in order in order that in order to intelligence ..VP.- .Tf... O ) I L L k k intelligent intelligible-y interest interested interesting investigation irregular-ity is is a-n is the is to is as (his) is it is its is it not is not it it is (has) it is (has) not it may it may not it might 10 rfc" it might be ■ \kiadtst it might not ~^f. kindness u it must w knew -^ it must be it should w know l~ aid not N > Ingly -£- .^.. knowledge it was not V_P known it will Ii. old w language -L- ild not r let C* let the -\- .em r it will r : us -f" it will be -\ Lord C it will . M. .F it will not ^ made X.. it will not be ^ man K. <=_-^ manner 7777 kingdom ,-— N_9 s manuscript _ kind ^ matter 3n kinder material-ly n <"-N may ^ Misses "~X^ may be 31 Mrs. <-"a may not --/-- much -"V may not be -A- much more may not have been me /^pi '^a must must be x member ...^ c . must have «T-S mere "^5 must hv been must not *—*. merely might — tot h've been my .C\ might be 3^L ir sir r^s might hv been Ci myself rrr^. might not N. 3. noth've been mind minded nature natural-ly near ^ more <^-^ nearer moreover objective ..rr^) newest . X ..._ of. 201, R. i .::.r... New York "■> of a-n ^ no of course ...v_^?_ n<> better than v> of his 3 nobody 7~.s. of it no one ->-- of other ^y nowhere ■^v- of our v_^ none 1.. of that ^_^ nor > of the. 248 w not 201. R. 5; l" of their 9o •221, R. i nothing X I of them .^.. notwithstand- of these .*.. ing notwithstand- X. of this ing the now -t-~ of those V- nnmber-ed > of which ©. of you a_ object 7- of your „\,_ objected ...L_ often „v N _ objector ...Ul oftencr V, objection __v~ oflenest 13" . oh! 0! •s opportunity ' on or A on a-n L or a-n *-z, on account V or the ... -rs ... on all -)- other 6 on his -J— other than 1 on it on me (my) "1e otherwise ought .^.,sl on our -TN_._ our < on that ^_ our own on the ^... ours, ourself ) 1 / on the con- trary on their on them on which ourselves out over over a-n A on you ^v _ over the C^V one 1 owe <^_P one's, once -1 owed -V"c^ ODly -) owes V. jr o -C^ not only 1 owing onward KZs~~ own opinion .„... owned 14 owner A r'ad P. A. refer-red-ence «\ particular-ly A_ in reference •r particularity with reference v_ peculiar-ity A* refers-ences L Phonography /~ regular-ity KS phonographer fn. reinark-ed phonographic ^ rernarkable-y { pleasure % remember-ed ..^ pleasurabie-y % remembrance -V- practicable, A represent practicability Ai'A represent-ed N principle-al A) representation -v probable-ility A representative put )__ S. Q see — quite c several It. J shall =^.. rather ) "4 shall be ?r rather than shall have read t±. shall hv been ^ reader i shall not < she should 15 subject subjected - v- should be V> subjection should have ^ subjective /<-/ should not J sure s* should the 3 are you sure A should you „3?__ quite suro ) so so as 3- very suro surprise 1 1 some X surprised n__ somebody Nd surprises «r-^> some one T. ^~-b sometimes r tell ,„. to a to the ( they will ^ to have t- they will not No to his ^^ thing - \ - to be ( think together • - use =yraz used J */ we shall we are 18 {/> we are not which will not - whether which 5 with the with these / / whichever, which have which will ...4__ -i- with this with those / which will hv 7 with which c with your ( ^ within c without ' Discomfort lO PiEcoxcile /*c~ Discostinue m REcrraibent y\ EscoMpass ^ SELFish z) ENTERtain ~j=> Uxcowbined ^-A_ FoREseen e_ Uxcoxcerned v_^.„ iNCOGnito ^rl- UxitECOGnized Jr^i i iNcoMplete ^c_ FxRECoxciled ^n IwooNstant ^L UxRECOMpens d Syllables may be ^ ^^ prefixed to these v — -^L^ IxcuMbent _-* si-ns (see H. B.. p. — v. ... iNTERfere -^\="V 111. R 2); as un- foreseen, uncontra- dicted. --'L. iNTRoduce - u=t Word- Signs are sometimes nsed a* ^~* — \ iRRECoNcilable >v Idleness, Fulness: questionable- C TT 1 ness, truthfulness -\ ° \ Fob-e: therefor-e, wherefor-e J /* 2] Lty, Rty : debility, formality, 'sT^'~' N ^ \ prosperity ; : N - , N Ly: deeply, safely, homely, manly I. -V. , — S ^-y - Mental-ity: instrumental-ity l'-s e Ology, Alogy: zoology, physiolo- y y> Gy gy, genealogy ' Self: himself, one's-self, man s- — b ^_v s&& self Selves: ourselves, our own selves ."N--.t^O Ship: lordship, friendship jx~ jO Someness: irksomeness ^ — o Soever: whatsover, whosoever, ^--- (^- AO howsoever Word-signs may be used as af- <} ~~^ fixes as in thereto, hereafter i. ^- STANDARD-PHONOGRAPHIC AND OTHER WORKS. ANDREW J. GRAHAM, AUTHOR AND PUBLISHER. 744 Broadway, New Yob k. PHONOGRAPHY is a shorthand system of writing according to sound or pronunciation, rejecting silent letters and ambiguous signs. The original Bystem (Stenographic Sound-Hand, 1837 was an improvement by Isaac Pitman, of England, on the system of Harding (1823, 1828), which was an improvement on the system of Samuel Taylor (i "EDITIONS" OF THE OLD PHONOGRAPHY.— The Old Phonography was variously modified. The different modifications, or systems, called "editions." were published — First edition, 1837; Second edition, Jan., 1840: Third edition, Dec, 1840; Fourth edition, 1841; Fifth edition, 1842; Sixth edition, 1844; Seventh edition, 1845; Eighth edition, 1847: Ninth edition, 1853. This last and best edition was made the basis of Stand- ard Phonography. See Odds and Ends for an account uf the characteristics of these " Editions." STANDARD PHONOGRAPHY. " Standard Phonography is now acknowledged by the most accomplished phonographers to be the be*t system of shorthand writing that has ever been offered to the world. In thj Adaptation of its Characters to the sounds of our language, in its Legibility, in its Powers of Contraction, in the Rapidity with which it can be written, in the Logical and Convenient Arrange- ment and Presentation of its Principles, and in its Ease of Acquisition, it immeasurabl i surpasses ever: otha i t- tem of shorthand."— Prof. John B. Holmes, A. aI.,LL. B. " The only system worth the attempt to learn." — Chas. A. Sumner, the leading reporter of BanPrancisco. " Standard Phonography is the most philosophical. Graham's Catalogue. rapid, and beautiful system of shorthand writing ever invented. The system of Phonography as new used is the result of the labor and study of Andrew J. Gra- ham, by whom Pitman's system was used as a basis, while he has made very many alterations, and added many new features [new principles, rules, combina- tions, devices, contractions, and word-signs], making it at once the most unique and useful system of writ- ing that can be imagined." — Haverlnll Gazette. IMITATIONS.— See comparisons of them with Standard Phonography in " All, About Phonogra- phy,"' where the demonstration is complete that tho imitations require about One-Third more labor and space than Standard Phonography, and are inferior in every other respect. THE STANDARD-PHONOGRAPHIC SERIES. ** A more complete series of works on any subject than Mr. Graham's Standard-Phonographic Series has never been published. These Text-Books are the only ones that are perfect in themselves ; and, in no respect, could I suggest an improvement in the man- ner of bringing the subject before even the dullest student ; and the introduction of them into all insti- tutions of learning where Phonography is taught, is the the highest eomplimeut that can be paid to their merit." — Charles Flowers, a superior report' r. The Outline.— In Miniature Book-Form, bound in paper, 5 cents. One dozen, 25 cents. The Little Teacher.— Comprises : 1. The Out- line, presenting all the chief elements of Standard Phonography in eight primer-size pages ; 2. The Lit- tle Reading Exercises — furnishing in 1(> little pages an exercise ou each section of the Outline, a. Minia- ture edition of the CORRESPONDENT'S List of Word- Signs, Contractions, Phrase-Signs, Prefixes, and Affixes of the Corresponding Style. /JSpThe Little Teacher is a useful pocket companion for students of the Syn- apsis or Hand- Book. Price, 40 cents. The Synopsis. — New and Revised Edition. — Com- prises : 1. The Synopsis (in 23 duodecimo pages) of all of the Principles of the Corresponding Style, unmis- takably presented, with numerous engraved illus- trations. 2. " The Correspondent's List ' — 12mo. edi- Graham's Catalogue. tion— comprising an alphabetical list of Correspond- ing Word-Signs, Contractions, Plirase-Sigus, Prefixes, and Affixes. 3. " The Heading Exercises " — in which, there is an extended illustration and application of each section of the text ; followed by several pages of connected reading matter, with an interlined transla- tion. This edition is well adapted to the use of either Classes or Private Studeuts. /gg=This is a highly use- ful book for students of the Hand-Book j in making frequent reviews of the elements. — Price, 50 cents. The Hand-Book. — Presents every principle of every style of the Art — commencing with the analy- sis of words, and proceeding to the most rapid Re- porting Style — in such a Form and Maimer, with such Fullness of Explanation and Completeness of Illustra- tion, and with such other features as fully to adapt the work to the use ot Schools and to Self-Instruction. The. analysis and classification of the sounds of the voice (given in the Appendix to l'art II.), will furnish invaluable assistance to those wishing to get the cor- rect pronunciation of any foreign language. 3(i(> duo- decimo pages. Price, bound iu muslin, with em- bossed side-title, $2.00 ; postpaid, $2.10. "Full, Concise and Philosophical in its develop- ment of the theory of writing by sound. Admirable in its arrangement and Replete with Improvements and refinements on the Art as previously defined, it affords the learner a safer means of obtaining a speed in reporting at least one-fourth greater than can be acquired by any other method." — Xew Fork Herald. First Reader. — Mew and Revised Edition : En- graved in the Corresponding Style ; with interpaged Key ; with Questions ; and with Notes. $1.75 ; post- paid. |1.81. Second Reader.— New and Revised Edition : En- graved in the Reporting Style, with Key and Notes. To be studied in connection with the Report- ing-Style chapter of the Hand-Book. $1.75 ; post- paid, $1.81. Standard - Phonographic Dictionary. — " The last great crowning work of the Standard Series," gives the pronunciation and the best outlines (Corres- ponding, Advanced-Corresponding, and Reporting) of about 60,000 words, and the forms for about fio.000 phrases. Beyond comparison with any shorthand Graham's Catalogue. dictionary or vocabulary ever published. Invaluable to writers of eitber style. Cloth, $5; leather, ?t>; moroc- co, £7 ; (Octavo-form from the same plates, with wide margins), cloth, s(> ; leather, $8 ; morocco, $9. The Reporter's List.— With engraved forms, com- bining in one list, in chart-like form, and in phono- graphic-alphabetical order, all the Word-Signs, Con- tractions, etc., contained in lists of the Haud-Book, and with many thousand other words for comparison, contrast, and distinction, with explanations in the corresponding style. 1000 engraved pages and 139 pages of common print, consisting of Pre j ace, Intro- duction, Notes and Index. The Index is arranged in the common-alphabetical order, which permits the easy finding of any word or phrase in the book. A very valuable work. Total number of pages 1139. Price, cloth, £5 ; leather, £G ; morocco, $7. Practice-Book Series. — UCS = I'nvocalized Vor- respondtng Style. Engraved in the Advanced-Corres- ponding Style, witn Key and Questions and Notes. Very useful for practice in reading or writing without the vowels. Composed of short articles of scientific and literary matters. Very interesting and instruc- tive. 12mo, 12-2 pages. Cloth. Price, $1.25. lCR=Inlercolumn Reporting Style. A series of Busi- ness Letters engraved in the Reporting Style, in one column, and in the adjoining column (most conven- ient for reference) Key, Notes and Questions. A large portion of these letters were received from phonogra- phers to whom they r had been dictated by their em- ployers, and they furnish a great variety of subjects and styles of composition. This book will prove in- valuable to the student preparing lor office work. 12mo, 1(51 pages. Cloth. Price, $ 1 .25. Lady of the Lake.— By Sir Walter Scott. With Frontispiece. Engraved in the Advanced-Corres- ponding style, with iutcrpaged Key ; and with Notes. Total number of pages, 328. Price, $2 ; postpaid, $2.10. Morocco. $4 ; postpaid, $4.10. Moral Culture. — A portion of Prof. John Blackie's celebrated lecture " On Self-Ciiltui'e," also several val- uable miscellaneous articles ; engraved in the Ad- vanced-Corresponding Style, and with common-print Key. 39 pages ol engraving, 31 pages oi common- print. A very interesting and iisefui book for pho- nographers. Cloth. Price, 50 cents. Gkaham's Catalogue. Odds and Ends.— [or Phonographic Intelligencer). — In common-print. — Has a variety of matter of interest and value to phonographers. 75 cents. PERIODICAL VOLUMES. The Student's Journal. — A 20 quarto-page monthly devoted to Standard Phonography, Las been published continuously since 1872. It succeeded the Standard-Phonographic Visitor (a weekly) which was published continuously lor rive years preceding 1872. The Student's Journal is the oldest and best phono- graphic journal in America. Each number has eight pages of lithographed phonography. News of im- portance to phonographers, portraits, biographical sketches, and lac similes of the reporting notes of prominent phonographers, are frequently given. Subscription price $1. per year. For list of bound volumes of the Journal, see Price-List below. Sam- ple copy tree. PRICE-LIST OF BOOKS AND ARTICLES NOT PREVIOUSLY MENTIONED. Ppd. ALL ABOUT PHONOGRAHPY. «•' per 100 to Teachers - - 70 1.40 " 1000 Spec. Ed. for Teachers, (Exp. not pd.) .... G.50 Brief Longhand 60 * *' Dictionary, Standand-Phonogbaphic 12mo, cloth • - - 5.00 " leather-bound - - 6.00 " " morocco - - - 7.00 8vo, cloth .... 6.00 " leather - 8.00 " «' morocco - - - 9.00 Dr. Stone, Sketch of, cloth - - - - 25 " " paper - - - 10 Envelopes : per package of 25 - - - 10 " Alphabet (Phonographic) Glance (at Phonography) Lord's Prayer (reporting style) Christian Names * The ditto mark is here used to mean " The same as at the left," *'. e„ that no charge is made for postage. Graham's Catalogue. 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It is in cloth, has the title stamped in gold, on the side, and will hold 36 Journals. This book is DUE on the last date stamped below 71949 OCT 2 1953 MiN. Z56 G76 1